Bernardo Alberto Houssay (1887-1971) : sa contribution à la physiologie hypophysaire

OpenAIRE

VALDES SOCIN, Hernan Gonzalo

2018-01-01

Il y a bientôt 70 ans, en 1947, Bernardo Alberto Houssay recevait un télégramme en provenance de Stockholm à son domicile, à Buenos Aires. Il lui était annoncé sa nomination au Prix Nobel de Médecine ou Physiologie, pour ses découvertes sur le rôle de l’antéhypophyse sur la régulation du métabolisme glucidique. Ce prix Nobel sera partagé le 10 décembre de cette année avec Gerty et Carl Cori (pour leurs découvertes sur les voies métaboliques du glycogène). Sa vie et son œuvre, que nous remémor...

Heresia da letra sem corpo e do espírito errante - uma leitura do romance As Iniciais, de Bernardo Carvalho

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Cid Ottoni Bylaardt

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto pretende desenvolver a idéia de perturba- ção democrática da letra órfã, postulada por Jacques Rancière, passando pelas concepções de escrita de Homero, Platão e Aristóteles. A errância da letra sem pai que a proteja conduz à idéia de supressão das belas-letras, com a instauração da literatura, que proclama sua autonomia em detrimento do edifício mimético. Essas concepções nortearão a averiguação que se conduzirá sobre a narrativa As iniciais, de Bernardo Carvalho, cuja dispersão encena textos desvinculados do mito, da alegoria e da história. Palavras-chave: errância, heresia, letra sem pai, Rancière, As iniciais, Bernardo Carvalho

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL BABCOCK-LEIGHTON SOLAR DYNAMO MODEL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miesch, Mark S.; Dikpati, Mausumi

2014-01-01

We present a three-dimensional (3D) kinematic solar dynamo model in which poloidal field is generated by the emergence and dispersal of tilted sunspot pairs (more generally bipolar magnetic regions, or BMRs). The axisymmetric component of this model functions similarly to previous 2.5 dimensional (2.5D, axisymmetric) Babcock-Leighton (BL) dynamo models that employ a double-ring prescription for poloidal field generation but we generalize this prescription into a 3D flux emergence algorithm that places BMRs on the surface in response to the dynamo-generated toroidal field. In this way, the model can be regarded as a unification of BL dynamo models (2.5D in radius/latitude) and surface flux transport models (2.5D in latitude/longitude) into a more self-consistent framework that builds on the successes of each while capturing the full 3D structure of the evolving magnetic field. The model reproduces some basic features of the solar cycle including an 11 yr periodicity, equatorward migration of toroidal flux in the deep convection zone, and poleward propagation of poloidal flux at the surface. The poleward-propagating surface flux originates as trailing flux in BMRs, migrates poleward in multiple non-axisymmetric streams (made axisymmetric by differential rotation and turbulent diffusion), and eventually reverses the polar field, thus sustaining the dynamo. In this Letter we briefly describe the model, initial results, and future plans

"Hodie Legimus in Libro Experientiae". A Apropriação Heideggeriana da Fórmula de Bernardo de Claraval

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Bento Silva Santos

Full Text Available RESUMO: O artigo examina a apropriação heideggeriana de Bernardo de Claraval na nota "Zu den Sermones Bernardi in Canticum canticorum (Serm. III" (HEIDEGGER, 1995, p. 334-337,que faz parte de outras notas e esboços de uma Vorlesung não proferida, intitulada "Os fundamentos filosóficos da mística medieval (1918-1919" (HEIDEGGER,1995. Ao longo de minha análise, destaco três aspectos com base na fórmula inicial: "Hoje lemos no livro da experiência" -, que é parafraseada por Heidegger da seguinte maneira: "Hoje queremos mover-nos no campo da experiência pessoal de maneira compreensiva. Retorno à esfera da vivência própria e ausculta da revelação da própria consciência". Portanto, primeiramente, enfatizo a fórmula inicial como campo experiencial que o livro faz abrir: ler (legere não é mais decifrar, mas mover-se a si mesmo, recolher, até mesmo ser afetado. Em segundo lugar, a partir da apropriação da cristologia de Bernardo de Claraval, mostro como Heidegger aponta para uma "experiência fundamental", no sentido de que, mesmo considerando que a experiência religiosa do místico cisterciense esteja centrada na figura de Cristo celebrado na liturgia monástica, a religiosidade cristã descortinada é uma vida fundamentalmente mais intensa e mais rica em vivências e em fenômenos vividos. Por fim, em terceiro lugar, destaco certa "inviolabilidade" da experiência religiosa em Bernardo de Claraval,concernente à autonomia e independência absolutas, de modo que nenhuma autoridade exterior, nem mesmo a eclesiástica, poderá determinar o sentido fundamentado em corpo doutrinal estranho às vivências mesmas. Para iluminar as notas da Vorlesung cancelada, as minhas análises recorrem às outras preleções de Heidegger ministradas na Universidade de Freiburg (1919-1923.

A PROPOSED PARADIGM FOR SOLAR CYCLE DYNAMICS MEDIATED VIA TURBULENT PUMPING OF MAGNETIC FLUX IN BABCOCK–LEIGHTON-TYPE SOLAR DYNAMOS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hazra, Soumitra; Nandy, Dibyendu [Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata (India)

2016-11-20

At present, the Babcock–Leighton flux transport solar dynamo models appear to be the most promising models for explaining diverse observational aspects of the sunspot cycle. The success of these flux transport dynamo models is largely dependent upon a single-cell meridional circulation with a deep equatorward component at the base of the Sun’s convection zone. However, recent observations suggest that the meridional flow may in fact be very shallow (confined to the top 10% of the Sun) and more complex than previously thought. Taken together, these observations raise serious concerns on the validity of the flux transport paradigm. By accounting for the turbulent pumping of magnetic flux, as evidenced in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of solar convection, we demonstrate that flux transport dynamo models can generate solar-like magnetic cycles even if the meridional flow is shallow. Solar-like periodic reversals are recovered even when meridional circulation is altogether absent. However, in this case, the solar surface magnetic field dynamics does not extend all the way to the polar regions. Very importantly, our results demonstrate that the Parker–Yoshimura sign rule for dynamo wave propagation can be circumvented in Babcock–Leighton dynamo models by the latitudinal component of turbulent pumping, which can generate equatorward propagating sunspot belts in the absence of a deep, equatorward meridional flow. We also show that variations in turbulent pumping coefficients can modulate the solar cycle amplitude and periodicity. Our results suggest the viability of an alternate magnetic flux transport paradigm—mediated via turbulent pumping—for sustaining solar-stellar dynamo action.

A PROPOSED PARADIGM FOR SOLAR CYCLE DYNAMICS MEDIATED VIA TURBULENT PUMPING OF MAGNETIC FLUX IN BABCOCK–LEIGHTON-TYPE SOLAR DYNAMOS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hazra, Soumitra; Nandy, Dibyendu

2016-01-01

At present, the Babcock–Leighton flux transport solar dynamo models appear to be the most promising models for explaining diverse observational aspects of the sunspot cycle. The success of these flux transport dynamo models is largely dependent upon a single-cell meridional circulation with a deep equatorward component at the base of the Sun’s convection zone. However, recent observations suggest that the meridional flow may in fact be very shallow (confined to the top 10% of the Sun) and more complex than previously thought. Taken together, these observations raise serious concerns on the validity of the flux transport paradigm. By accounting for the turbulent pumping of magnetic flux, as evidenced in magnetohydrodynamic simulations of solar convection, we demonstrate that flux transport dynamo models can generate solar-like magnetic cycles even if the meridional flow is shallow. Solar-like periodic reversals are recovered even when meridional circulation is altogether absent. However, in this case, the solar surface magnetic field dynamics does not extend all the way to the polar regions. Very importantly, our results demonstrate that the Parker–Yoshimura sign rule for dynamo wave propagation can be circumvented in Babcock–Leighton dynamo models by the latitudinal component of turbulent pumping, which can generate equatorward propagating sunspot belts in the absence of a deep, equatorward meridional flow. We also show that variations in turbulent pumping coefficients can modulate the solar cycle amplitude and periodicity. Our results suggest the viability of an alternate magnetic flux transport paradigm—mediated via turbulent pumping—for sustaining solar-stellar dynamo action.

Morphology and it structures of the coralline formations of San Bernardo's archipelago, Colombian Caribbean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopez Victoria, Mateo; Diaz, Juan M.

2000-01-01

The archipelago of San Bernardo is an extensive reef complex of coralline origin located off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In order to determine the distribution, morphological features, structure, and zonation patterns of the bottom environments of this area, employing aerial photography and observations in the field, thematic maps were produced and a series of data upon the structure of the sessile benthic biota was gathered. The complex comprises an area of more than 250 km 2; of which more than 60% corresponds to bottoms with notable coral cover (> 60% of the bottom) extending to depths of nearly 30m. Three geomorphological units and seven main types of habitats or ecological units were recognized

Conocimiento sobre el maltrato al adulto mayor por un grupo de ancianos del Policlínico Bernardo Posse

OpenAIRE

Martínez Muñoz, Lidiana; Cruz Sánchez, Leticia; Martínez Iglesias, Ivonne; González Carrodeguas, Kenia; Terry Pérez, Emilio

2013-01-01

Introducción: la violencia contra el adulto mayor es un fenómeno mundial que también afecta a los hogares cubanos. Las personas comentan, acerca del maltrato infantil y el maltrato femenino pero se olvidan del maltrato que sufren los ancianos en el vecindario, en las instalaciones de salud y en los hogares, en la actualidad. Objetivo: valorar el conocimiento que posee un grupo de adultos mayores, correspondientes a tres consultorios médicos del Policlínico Bernardo Posse, sobre la violencia a...

Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae collected in rural area from San Bernardo del Viento (Córdoba, Colombia

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Angie Toro-Cantillo

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Objective. Our aim was evaluate the presence of phlebotomine sandflies in an important rural area with eco-epidemiological interest in San Bernardo del Viento (Córdoba, Colombia. Materials and Methods. The insects identified were collected using CDC-traps and manual aspirator in closed trees between May to August 2015. The specimens were conserved and fragmented for clarification of internal structures and identification of morphological keys. Results. Three species of phlebotomine sand flies were identified: Lutzomyia gomezi (Nitzulescu 1931, Pintomyia rangeliana (Ortiz 1952 y Micropygomyia cayennensis (Floch & Abonnenc 1941. Conclusions. The presence of L. gomezi, main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia, is a risk factor for rural people from the zone.

Como güelfos y gibelinos: los colegios de San Bernardo y San Antonio Abad en el Cuzco durante el siglo XVII

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Guibovich Pérez, Pedro M

2006-04-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the conflicts that involved the San Bernardo and San Antonio schools all along the seventeenth century. The author proposes a new approach to explain the social history of colonial Cuzco. He mantains that the root of the confrontation has to do with the privileges that enjoy the jesuits in the provision of academical degrees, a basic requirement to obtain appointments in the civil and eclesiastical administration. To understand this social dinamic, he reconstructs the institutional history of both schools, and reveals the interests that defend the main actors of this secular conflict.

Los conflictos que enfrentaron a los colegios de San Bernardo y San Antonio Abad a lo largo del siglo XVII es el tema central de estudio de este ensayo. El autor propone una nueva lectura a este episodio de la historia social del Cuzco colonial. Sostiene que en la raíz de los enfrentamientos estuvo el privilegio que gozaban los jesuitas para la concesión de grados académicos, requisitos fundamentales para obtener cargos en la administración civil y eclesiástica. Para entender la dinámica social, el autor reconstruye la historia institucional de los colegios y los intereses en juego de los principales protagonistas del secular conflicto.

Ecología regional y desarrollo sostenible en San Bernardo (Cundinamarca, Colombia): revisión del esquema de ordenamiento territorial

OpenAIRE

Osorio Vieira Juana; Márquez Germán

2006-01-01

La pasantía con la Corporación Latinoamericana Misión Rural (CLMR) consistió en apoyar la revisión del
Esquema de Ordenamiento Territorial (EOT) de San Bernardo, Cundinamarca, Colombia, enfatizando en
la caracterización ecológica, para lo cual se adaptó la metodología de evaluación ecológica rápida. La principal actividad económica del municipio se basa en la producción y comercialización agropecuaria, pero
se observó que algunas de las normativas del EOT iba...

Bernardo Atxaga y su defensa de la autonomía de la literatura

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Beñat Sarasola Santamaria

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la forma en que Bernardo Atxaga defendió la autonomía del arte (en concreto de la literatura en el campo cultural vasco a lo largo de los años 70 y 80 del siglo pasado. Primeramente, se rastrea el problema de la autonomía a través de la crítica estética de la Escuela de Frankfurt (especialmente Theodor Adorno y la crítica sociológica de la línea de Pierre Bordieu, que dan luz para entender la complejidad con la que trató el problema Atxaga. Además, se realiza el análisis de la genealogía de las ideas de Atxaga, desde los primeros textos de Anaitasuna y Ustela, hasta los debates con Joxe Azurmendi y Txillardegi. El estudio de todo el corpus textual de Atxaga sobre el tema permite evaluar con más certeza el problema de la autonomía, y matizar algunas de las ideas comunes de la crítica vasca.  

Currículo comprehensivo y extensión universitaria. Experiencia de municipio de San Bernardo, Cundinamarca.

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Winston Licona Calpe

2007-05-01

Full Text Available The old and new question about the meaning of the university educational practice has led, in the recent history of this institution, the revision of the traditional didactic own curriculum which is characterized by its sense endogenous autistic and autonomist, cognitive and reproductivista well , has allowed the development of a comprehensive educational curriculum that, for its part, is distinguished by its sense dialogic, communicative and lingísticas and conversational skills; today, this dynamic refl ection educational pressured by the socioeconomic conditions, political and cultural allows assume the task of building a comprehensive curriculum that has as its raison d’etre the integration of research and teaching through the extension of the local community, publishes and private as a way to build commitment and social co university. We report our experience with the Municipality of San Bernardo, Cundinamarca.

Intertextualidad, dialogismo y poética cognitiva en la novela contemporánea: Bernardo Carvalho, Eduardo Lago y Mario Bellatín

OpenAIRE

Arrieta Domínguez, Daniel

2016-01-01

En esta tesis estudiamos el uso de la intertextualidad en cuatro novelas escritas por tres autores contemporáneos: el brasileño Bernardo Carvalho, el español Eduardo Lago y el mexicano-peruano Mario Bellatín. En primer lugar, analizamos la construcción de sus historias a partir de transformaciones en sus respectivos hipotextos, del uso de figuras en préstamo, y del diálogo ideológico que dichas novelas mantienen con anteriores visiones del mundo. Los conceptos bajtinianos de dialogismo, polif...

Happy faces are preferred regardless of familiarity--sad faces are preferred only when familiar.

Science.gov (United States)

Liao, Hsin-I; Shimojo, Shinsuke; Yeh, Su-Ling

2013-06-01

Familiarity leads to preference (e.g., the mere exposure effect), yet it remains unknown whether it is objective familiarity, that is, repetitive exposure, or subjective familiarity that contributes to preference. In addition, it is unexplored whether and how different emotions influence familiarity-related preference. The authors investigated whether happy or sad faces are preferred or perceived as more familiar and whether this subjective familiarity judgment correlates with preference for different emotional faces. An emotional face--happy or sad--was paired with a neutral face, and participants rated the relative preference and familiarity of each of the paired faces. For preference judgment, happy faces were preferred and sad faces were less preferred, compared with neutral faces. For familiarity judgment, happy faces did not show any bias, but sad faces were perceived as less familiar than neutral faces. Item-by-item correlational analyses show preference for sad faces--but not happy faces--positively correlate with familiarity. These results suggest a direct link between positive emotion and preference, and argue at least partly against a common cause for familiarity and preference. Instead, facial expression of different emotional valence modulates the link between familiarity and preference.

A Familiar(ity Problem: Assessing the Impact of Prerequisites and Content Familiarity on Student Learning.

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Justin F Shaffer

Full Text Available Prerequisites are embedded in most STEM curricula. However, the assumption that the content presented in these courses will improve learning in later courses has not been verified. Because a direct comparison of performance between students with and without required prerequisites is logistically difficult to arrange in a randomized fashion, we developed a novel familiarity scale, and used this to determine whether concepts introduced in a prerequisite course improved student learning in a later course (in two biology disciplines. Exam questions in the latter courses were classified into three categories, based on the degree to which the tested concept had been taught in the prerequisite course. If content familiarity mattered, it would be expected that exam scores on topics covered in the prerequisite would be higher than scores on novel topics. We found this to be partially true for "Very Familiar" questions (concepts covered in depth in the prerequisite. However, scores for concepts only briefly discussed in the prerequisite ("Familiar" were indistinguishable from performance on topics that were "Not Familiar" (concepts only taught in the later course. These results imply that merely "covering" topics in a prerequisite course does not result in improved future performance, and that some topics may be able to removed from a course thereby freeing up class time. Our results may therefore support the implementation of student-centered teaching methods such as active learning, as the time-intensive nature of active learning has been cited as a barrier to its adoption. In addition, we propose that our familiarity system could be broadly utilized to aid in the assessment of the effectiveness of prerequisites.

A Familiar(ity) Problem: Assessing the Impact of Prerequisites and Content Familiarity on Student Learning.

Science.gov (United States)

Shaffer, Justin F; Dang, Jennifer V; Lee, Amanda K; Dacanay, Samantha J; Alam, Usman; Wong, Hollie Y; Richards, George J; Kadandale, Pavan; Sato, Brian K

2016-01-01

Prerequisites are embedded in most STEM curricula. However, the assumption that the content presented in these courses will improve learning in later courses has not been verified. Because a direct comparison of performance between students with and without required prerequisites is logistically difficult to arrange in a randomized fashion, we developed a novel familiarity scale, and used this to determine whether concepts introduced in a prerequisite course improved student learning in a later course (in two biology disciplines). Exam questions in the latter courses were classified into three categories, based on the degree to which the tested concept had been taught in the prerequisite course. If content familiarity mattered, it would be expected that exam scores on topics covered in the prerequisite would be higher than scores on novel topics. We found this to be partially true for "Very Familiar" questions (concepts covered in depth in the prerequisite). However, scores for concepts only briefly discussed in the prerequisite ("Familiar") were indistinguishable from performance on topics that were "Not Familiar" (concepts only taught in the later course). These results imply that merely "covering" topics in a prerequisite course does not result in improved future performance, and that some topics may be able to removed from a course thereby freeing up class time. Our results may therefore support the implementation of student-centered teaching methods such as active learning, as the time-intensive nature of active learning has been cited as a barrier to its adoption. In addition, we propose that our familiarity system could be broadly utilized to aid in the assessment of the effectiveness of prerequisites.

Os Fantasmas das Fotografias de Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho

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Renan Augusto Ferreira Bolognin

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa as três fotografias contidas no romance Nove Noites (2004, de Bernardo Carvalho, a partir da desconstrução de Jacques Derrida. Para tal análise, ressaltamos que a inserção delas ao texto narrativo sugere identidades culturais que se estabelecem como hierarquicamente superiores e desvelam outras. Para realizarmos essa análise, dividimos a priori as fotos do romance como pertencentes a arquivos públicos e privados e responsáveis por descarrilar uma fluidez de fronteiras pelas categorias narrativas de narrador/autor/personagem e, consequentemente, entre história e ficção. Através disso, propomos subsequentemente uma discussão a respeito da maneira pela qual descontroem-se também as identidades participantes do jogo narrativo de um romance avesso a conclusões. Posteriormente, propomos visualizar as fotografias não pelo que elas não trazem como presente, mas pelo que elas sugerem trazer a partir da leitura do romance. Assim, sugerimos uma presença do ausente nas fotografias. Deste modo, damos ênfase às ambiguidades, heterogeneidades e indefinições do romance que põem em cena as identidades culturais pela fotografia e pela narração. Por fim, demonstramos, a partir da relação estabelecida entre fotografia e narração, como as identidades culturais estão escondidas não apenas na representação artística, mas também na própria cultura em que elas deveriam ser mais visíveis.

La empresa familiar, el protocolo y la sucesión familiar

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Henry Antonio Arenas Cardona

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se abordan las percepciones que tienen las empresas familiares, expertos, entidades y gremios del Valle de Aburrá (Colombia respecto al protocolo y la sucesión familiar. El trabajo corresponde a una investigación de tipo exploratoria que permite evidenciar que las familias empresarias tienen temor a realizar el protocolo familiar, debido principalmente a su desconocimiento acerca del tema. Se pretende entonces sensibilizar a empresarios, estudiantes universitarios, investigadores, y a la sociedad ̃ en general, del importante papel que desempenan las empresas familiares en la actividad económica como generadoras de riqueza y empleo, una herramienta importante para su perdurabilidad, continuidad y formalización es el protocolo familiar © 2013 Universidad ICESI. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados.

Optimism and Mortality in Older Men and Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study

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Ericha G. Anthony

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. To examine the associations of optimism and pessimism with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD, and cancer mortality in a population-based sample of older men and women followed ≤12 years. Methods. 367 men and 509 women aged ≥50 from the Rancho Bernardo Study attended a 1999–2002 research clinic visit when demographic, behavioral, and medical history were obtained and completed a 1999 mailed survey including the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R. Mortality outcomes were followed through 2012. Results. Average age at baseline was 74.1 years; during follow-up (mean = 8.1 years, 198 participants died, 62 from CVD, 22 from CHD, and 49 from cancer. Total LOT-R, optimism and pessimism scores were calculated. Participants with the highest optimism were younger and reported less alcohol use and smoking and more exercise. Cox proportional hazard models showed that higher total LOT-R and optimism, but not pessimism scores, were associated with reduced odds of CHD mortality after adjusting for age, sex, alcohol, smoking, obesity, physical exercise, and medication (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75, 0.99; HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.99, resp.. No associations were found for all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. Conclusions. Optimism was associated with reduced CHD mortality in older men and women. The association of positive attitudes with mortality merits further study.

Gerencia de las empresas familiares y no familiares: análisis comparativo

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Lenix Margarita Omaña Guerrero

2013-07-01

Full Text Available En el ámbito económico existen empresas denominadas familiares cuyas características las identifican cla- ramente. Estas organizaciones coexisten con empresas que no presentan características de familiares. Por ello, el propósito del presente estudio es analizar comparativamente la gerencia en ambos tipos de empre- sas. La investigación se centró en un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, orientado a co- nocer y explicar las diferencias y semejanzas en las empresas familiares en cuanto a los siguientes aspec- tos: sucesión, financiamiento, órganos de gobierno, normas de funcionamiento y profesionalización, así como la investigación tiene un diseño documental y de campo. Los resultados arrojaron que no se encuen- tran evidencias significativas para afirmar que las empresas familiares y no familiares estudiadas difieren en los aspectos estudiados.

Novel versus Familiar Brands

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reimann, Martin; Castaño, Raquel; Zaichkowsky, Judith

2012-01-01

Two experiments were conducted to analyze neurophysiological activation, response latency, and actual brand choice concerning novel and familiar brands. The results show that (1) the choice of novel brands (compared to the choice of familiar brands) is preceded by increased activation of both...... the cingulate gyrus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, as measured by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study; (2) novel brands are associated with longer choice response latency than familiar brands; and (3) positive mood enhances response latency of choosing novel brands compared to familiar...

Happiness cools the glow of familiarity: Psychophysiological evidence that mood modulates the familiarity-affect link

Science.gov (United States)

de Vries, Marieke; Holland, Rob W.; Chenier, Troy; Starr, Mark J.; Winkielman, Piotr

2010-01-01

People often prefer familiar stimuli, presumably because familiarity signals safety. This preference can occur with merely repeated “old” stimuli, but it is most robust with “new” but highly familiar prototypes of a known category (beauty-in-averages effect). However, is familiarity always warm? Tuning accounts of mood hold that positive mood signals a safe environment whereas negative mood signals an unsafe environment. Thus, the value of familiarity should depend on mood. We show that compared to a sad mood, a happy mood eliminates the preference for familiar stimuli, as shown in measures of self-reported liking and physiological measures of affect (EMG indicator of spontaneous smiling). The basic effect of exposure on preference and its modulation by mood were most robust on prototypes (category averages). All this occurs even though prototypes might be more familiar in a happy mood. We conclude that mood changes the hedonic implications of familiarity cues. PMID:20424063

The familiar versus the unfamiliar: Familiarity bias amongst individual investors

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Annalien De Vries

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of familiarity bias amongst individual investors in the South African stock market. Problem investigated: According to Warren Buffet, one needs to maintain emotional detachment if one wants to be a successful investor. However, recent research indicates that the perceptions of companies’ products and brands may influence individuals’ investment decisions in the stock market. This phenomenon implies that the investment decisions of individual investors are not purely based on firm fundamentals as suggested by traditional finance theories, but might be driven partly by the positive or negative attitude they have towards certain companies’ products and brands. The existence of familiarity bias amongst individual investors was investigated to determine if individuals prefer to invest in companies they are familiar with as opposed to unfamiliar companies. Methodology: A quantitative approach was followed. An online survey was used to show images of familiar and unfamiliar company brands to respondents, whereafter respondents were asked to indicate whether they will invest in the shares of the identified companies. The statistical analysis entailed descriptive statistics as well as one-way analyses of variance to test the stated hypotheses. Main findings: The results of this exploratory study indicate that investors do exhibit familiarity bias when choosing between different companies to invest in. Value of the research: The inclination of individual investors to invest in familiar corporate brands can have implications for the marketing industry, financial markets, the performance of companies as well as the investment performance of individual investors in the sense that it would seem that company brands could have an influence on investment decisions.

The hard-won benefits of familiarity in visual search: naturally familiar brand logos are found faster.

Science.gov (United States)

Qin, Xiaoyan Angela; Koutstaal, Wilma; Engel, Stephen A

2014-05-01

Familiar items are found faster than unfamiliar ones in visual search tasks. This effect has important implications for cognitive theory, because it may reveal how mental representations of commonly encountered items are changed by experience to optimize performance. It remains unknown, however, whether everyday items with moderate levels of exposure would show benefits in visual search, and if so, what kind of experience would be required to produce them. Here, we tested whether familiar product logos were searched for faster than unfamiliar ones, and also familiarized subjects with previously unfamiliar logos. Subjects searched for preexperimentally familiar and unfamiliar logos, half of which were familiarized in the laboratory, amongst other, unfamiliar distractor logos. In three experiments, we used an N-back-like familiarization task, and in four others we used a task that asked detailed questions about the perceptual aspects of the logos. The number of familiarization exposures ranged from 30 to 84 per logo across experiments, with two experiments involving across-day familiarization. Preexperimentally familiar target logos were searched for faster than were unfamiliar, nonfamiliarized logos, by 8 % on average. This difference was reliable in all seven experiments. However, familiarization had little or no effect on search speeds; its average effect was to improve search times by 0.7 %, and its effect was significant in only one of the seven experiments. If priming, mere exposure, episodic memory, or relatively modest familiarity were responsible for familiarity's effects on search, then performance should have improved following familiarization. Our results suggest that the search-related advantage of familiar logos does not develop easily or rapidly.

Comunicación familiar

OpenAIRE

Antolínez Cáceres, Bertha Rebeca

2010-01-01

En el primer contacto la enfermera puede identificar algunos rasgos de la comunicación familiar, a medida que la intervención progresa podrá examinar y explorar sobre la comunicación familiar y orientar el manejo de conflictos. El análisis de la disfunción familiar inicia entonces por el análisis de la comunicación y dónde falla ésta: En el emisor, transmisor y sus causas. Luego viene la exploración del sistema familiar que aclara las reglas que mantienen y los procesos individuales que instr...

A Lógica Do Ilógico: Crise De Identidade E Construção Ficcional Em Teatro, De Bernardo Carvalho

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Emerson Silvestre

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo visa a realizar uma leitura crítica do romance Teatro, de Bernardo Carvalho, com o intuito de observar a construção da ficcionalidade do texto manipulando estudos acerca da Estética do Efeito, de Iser, o fenômeno da crise de identidade sugerido pelos Estudos Culturais, bem como alguns apontamentos referentes à Teoria Queer no que diz respeito à discursividade na construção identitária de gênero e corpo. Nosso esforço também converge para um diálogo entre a moderna Teoria da Literatura e os Estudos Culturais buscando subsídios que reforcem nossa perspectiva de leitura do romance em questão e oriente a discussão entre os dois campos de estudos.

Quines empreses han aguantat millor la crisi, les empreses familiars o les no familiars?

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Jose Luis Gallizo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objecte: En aquest estudi és porta a terme un anàlisi comparatiu sobre l’evolució de l’estructura econòmica i financera que presenten les empreses familiars i no familiars de Catalunya en un context d’intensa crisi econòmica. La seva finalitat és poder donar resposta a dos qüestions principals: identificar les característiques diferencials de l’EF respecte a l’EnF i comprovar si aquestes característiques diferencials han permès a les EF aguantar millor la crisi econòmica. Disseny/metodologia: S’ha analitzat una mostra de 750 grans i mitjanes empreses de Catalunya (550 familiars i 200 no familiars durant el període 2008-2012. Les dades s’han obtingut a través de la base de dades SABI, i per a la classificació de les empreses en familiars i no familiars s’ha dut a terme una comprovació individual de cadascuna d’elles per evitar habituals errors de classificació. Posteriorment les empreses s’han classificat en funció de la seva dimensió per dotar d’una major robustes els resultats. També s’ha procurat que la distribució d’empreses per sectors fos similar en les diferents categories per evitar que un efecte sectorial pogués tergiversar els resultats de l’estudi. Aportacions i resultats: L’estudi ha permès constatar les hipòtesis establertes sobre el finançament de les empreses familiars i concloure que aquestes presenten una estructura financera diferent a les Empreses no familiars. Les empreses familiars als seus balanços, presenten un major nivell d’autofinançament gràcies a la seva menor distribució de dividends. A més a més, les EF presenten millors resultats en quant a nivells de cobertura i liquiditat, ja que es troben més capitalitzades i presenten uns nivells d’endeutament inferior que les Empreses no familiars. Aquestes característiques patrimonials i financeres han contribuït a que les empreses familiars aguantin millor els anys de crisi, produint-se durant aquests anys

Solar Cycle Variability Induced by Tilt Angle Scatter in a Babcock-Leighton Solar Dynamo Model

Science.gov (United States)

Karak, Bidya Binay; Miesch, Mark

2017-09-01

We present results from a three-dimensional Babcock-Leighton (BL) dynamo model that is sustained by the emergence and dispersal of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs). On average, each BMR has a systematic tilt given by Joy’s law. Randomness and nonlinearity in the BMR emergence of our model produce variable magnetic cycles. However, when we allow for a random scatter in the tilt angle to mimic the observed departures from Joy’s law, we find more variability in the magnetic cycles. We find that the observed standard deviation in Joy’s law of {σ }δ =15^\\circ produces a variability comparable to the observed solar cycle variability of ˜32%, as quantified by the sunspot number maxima between 1755 and 2008. We also find that tilt angle scatter can promote grand minima and grand maxima. The time spent in grand minima for {σ }δ =15^\\circ is somewhat less than that inferred for the Sun from cosmogenic isotopes (about 9% compared to 17%). However, when we double the tilt scatter to {σ }δ =30^\\circ , the simulation statistics are comparable to the Sun (˜18% of the time in grand minima and ˜10% in grand maxima). Though the BL mechanism is the only source of poloidal field, we find that our simulations always maintain magnetic cycles even at large fluctuations in the tilt angle. We also demonstrate that tilt quenching is a viable and efficient mechanism for dynamo saturation; a suppression of the tilt by only 1°-2° is sufficient to limit the dynamo growth. Thus, any potential observational signatures of tilt quenching in the Sun may be subtle.

Os mortos de línguas cortadas – ficção e realidade em Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho

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Cid Ottoni Bylaardt

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O romance Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho, entrelaça morte e escrita numa narrativa intrigante, evidenciando os tênues limites entre realidade e ficção. A realidade dos fatos é buscada tenazmente pelo narrador jornalista, que a partir de certo momento, paradoxalmente, revela a preocupação de que o real arruine a ficção, por mais que esta pareça estar entre as expectativas do leitor. A escritura, entretanto, avança sem se deixar determinar, conduzida por locutores não-confiáveis, indecisos entre a verdade e a mentira, o real e a ficção, desembocando na questão da morte como impossibilidade de dizer e também de calar.Palavras-chave: Ficção e Realidade; Escrita e Morte; Impossibilidade de dizer e de calar.

Implicit Recognition of Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces in Schizophrenia: A Study of the Skin Conductance Response in Familiarity Disorders

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Aurely Ameller

2017-09-01

Full Text Available ObjectiveFamiliarity is a subjective sensation that contributes to person recognition. This process is described as an emotion-based memory-trace of previous meetings and could be disrupted in schizophrenia. Consequently, familiarity disorders could be involved in the impaired social interactions observed in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies have primarily focused on famous people recognition. Our aim was to identify underlying features, such as emotional disturbances, that may contribute to familiarity disorders in schizophrenia. We hypothesize that patients with familiarity disorders will exhibit a lack of familiarity that could be detected by a flattened skin conductance response (SCR.MethodThe SCR was recorded to test the hypothesis that emotional reactivity disturbances occur in patients with schizophrenia during the categorization of specific familiar, famous and unknown faces as male or female. Forty-eight subjects were divided into the following 3 matched groups with 16 subjects per group: control subjects, schizophrenic people with familiarity disorder, and schizophrenic people without familiarity disorders.ResultsEmotional arousal is reflected by the skin conductance measures. The control subjects and the patients without familiarity disorders experienced a differential emotional response to the specific familiar faces compared with that to the unknown faces. Nevertheless, overall, the schizophrenic patients without familiarity disorders showed a weaker response across conditions compared with the control subjects. In contrast, the patients with familiarity disorders did not show any significant differences in their emotional response to the faces, regardless of the condition.ConclusionOnly patients with familiarity disorders fail to exhibit a difference in emotional response between familiar and non-familiar faces. These patients likely emotionally process familiar faces similarly to unknown faces. Hence, the lower

Familiar face + novel face = familiar face? Representational bias in the perception of morphed faces in chimpanzees

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Yoshi-Taka Matsuda

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Highly social animals possess a well-developed ability to distinguish the faces of familiar from novel conspecifics to induce distinct behaviors for maintaining society. However, the behaviors of animals when they encounter ambiguous faces of familiar yet novel conspecifics, e.g., strangers with faces resembling known individuals, have not been well characterised. Using a morphing technique and preferential-looking paradigm, we address this question via the chimpanzee’s facial–recognition abilities. We presented eight subjects with three types of stimuli: (1 familiar faces, (2 novel faces and (3 intermediate morphed faces that were 50% familiar and 50% novel faces of conspecifics. We found that chimpanzees spent more time looking at novel faces and scanned novel faces more extensively than familiar or intermediate faces. Interestingly, chimpanzees looked at intermediate faces in a manner similar to familiar faces with regards to the fixation duration, fixation count, and saccade length for facial scanning, even though the participant was encountering the intermediate faces for the first time. We excluded the possibility that subjects merely detected and avoided traces of morphing in the intermediate faces. These findings suggest a bias for a feeling-of-familiarity that chimpanzees perceive familiarity with an intermediate face by detecting traces of a known individual, as 50% alternation is sufficient to perceive familiarity.

Smells familiar: group-joining decisions of predatory mites are mediated by olfactory cues of social familiarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Muleta, Muluken G; Schausberger, Peter

2013-09-01

Group-living animals frequently have to trade off the costs and benefits of leaving an established group and joining another group. Owing to their high fitness relevance, group-joining decisions are commonly nonrandom and may be based on traits of both individual members and the group such as life stage, body size, social status and group density or size, respectively. Many group-living animals are able to recognize and to associate preferentially with familiar individuals, i.e. those encountered before. Hence, after dispersing from established groups, animals commonly have to decide whether to join a new familiar or unfamiliar group. Using binary choice situations we assessed the effects of social familiarity on group-joining behaviour of the plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis . Group living in P. persimilis is brought about by the patchy distribution of its spider mite prey and mutual conspecific attraction. In the first experiment, gravid predator females given a choice between spider mite patches occupied by unfamiliar and familiar groups of females strongly preferred to join familiar groups and to deposit their eggs in these patches. Preference for socially familiar groups was robust across biases of spider mite prey densities between choice options. The second experiment revealed that the predatory mite females can smell social familiarity from a distance. Females subjected to odour choice situations in artificial cages were more strongly attracted to the odour of familiar than unfamiliar groups. We argue that P. persimilis females preferentially join socially familiar groups because a familiar social environment relaxes competition and optimizes foraging and reproduction.

Cultura financiera en la empresa familiar

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Antonio Duréndez Gómez-Guillamón

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Estudios previos han demostrado que las empresas familiares son muy diferentes a las no familiares, puesto que su carácter familiar y la relación familia-empresa les imprime unos rasgos y una cultura propia que le suponen cualidades diferenciadoras. De igual forma, la identificación de una estructura financiera y una jerarquía financiera única en el caso de las empresas familiares nos conduce a plantear una investigación en torno a la existencia de una cultura financiera propia de las empresas familiares. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de corte transversal mediante una encuesta dirigida a una muestra representativa de 837 empresas. Los resultados confirman que el carácter de la empresa es un factor discriminante de la cultura financiera al presentar las empresas familiares un menor grado de cultura financiera que las empresas no familiares. De forma que las empresas familiares se apoyan en menor medida que las no familiares en la opinión de sus directores financieros para las decisiones gerenciales en el área de financiación, están menos informadas de las fuentes financieras alternativas a las tradicionales y la importancia que le conceden a la formación del departamento de administración y financiero es también menor.

Conservadorismo contábil nas companhias abertas familiares e não-familiares no mercado brasileiro

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Iana Izadora Souza Lapa de Melo Paulo

2015-05-01

observadas nesta pesquisa apontam que as empresas familiares apresentam maior reversão de perdas contábeis do que as firmas não-familiares, sugerindo que elas têm práticas contábeis mais agressivas. Porém, com base na análise estatística proposta, não se pode confirmar que o conservadorismo contábil é significativamente diferente entre as empresas familiares e não-familiares.

A COUPLED 2 × 2D BABCOCK–LEIGHTON SOLAR DYNAMO MODEL. II. REFERENCE DYNAMO SOLUTIONS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemerle, Alexandre; Charbonneau, Paul

2017-01-01

In this paper we complete the presentation of a new hybrid 2 × 2D flux transport dynamo (FTD) model of the solar cycle based on the Babcock–Leighton mechanism of poloidal magnetic field regeneration via the surface decay of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs). This hybrid model is constructed by allowing the surface flux transport (SFT) simulation described in Lemerle et al. to provide the poloidal source term to an axisymmetric FTD simulation defined in a meridional plane, which in turn generates the BMRs required by the SFT. A key aspect of this coupling is the definition of an emergence function describing the probability of BMR emergence as a function of the spatial distribution of the internal axisymmetric magnetic field. We use a genetic algorithm to calibrate this function, together with other model parameters, against observed cycle 21 emergence data. We present a reference dynamo solution reproducing many solar cycle characteristics, including good hemispheric coupling, phase relationship between the surface dipole and the BMR-generating internal field, and correlation between dipole strength at cycle maximum and peak amplitude of the next cycle. The saturation of the cycle amplitude takes place through the quenching of the BMR tilt as a function of the internal field. The observed statistical scatter about the mean BMR tilt, built into the model, acts as a source of stochasticity which dominates amplitude fluctuations. The model thus can produce Dalton-like epochs of strongly suppressed cycle amplitude lasting a few cycles and can even shut off entirely following an unfavorable sequence of emergence events.

A COUPLED 2 × 2D BABCOCK–LEIGHTON SOLAR DYNAMO MODEL. II. REFERENCE DYNAMO SOLUTIONS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemerle, Alexandre; Charbonneau, Paul, E-mail: lemerle@astro.umontreal.ca, E-mail: paulchar@astro.umontreal.ca [Département de physique, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4 (Canada)

2017-01-10

In this paper we complete the presentation of a new hybrid 2 × 2D flux transport dynamo (FTD) model of the solar cycle based on the Babcock–Leighton mechanism of poloidal magnetic field regeneration via the surface decay of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs). This hybrid model is constructed by allowing the surface flux transport (SFT) simulation described in Lemerle et al. to provide the poloidal source term to an axisymmetric FTD simulation defined in a meridional plane, which in turn generates the BMRs required by the SFT. A key aspect of this coupling is the definition of an emergence function describing the probability of BMR emergence as a function of the spatial distribution of the internal axisymmetric magnetic field. We use a genetic algorithm to calibrate this function, together with other model parameters, against observed cycle 21 emergence data. We present a reference dynamo solution reproducing many solar cycle characteristics, including good hemispheric coupling, phase relationship between the surface dipole and the BMR-generating internal field, and correlation between dipole strength at cycle maximum and peak amplitude of the next cycle. The saturation of the cycle amplitude takes place through the quenching of the BMR tilt as a function of the internal field. The observed statistical scatter about the mean BMR tilt, built into the model, acts as a source of stochasticity which dominates amplitude fluctuations. The model thus can produce Dalton-like epochs of strongly suppressed cycle amplitude lasting a few cycles and can even shut off entirely following an unfavorable sequence of emergence events.

PROBLEMÁTICA DE LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES ANTE LA AFECTACIÓN DE LA GESTIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO FAMILIAR, AREQUIPA 2013

OpenAIRE

FEBRES ROSADO, XIMENA ANTONIETA

2014-01-01

DEFINIENDO EMPRESA EMPRESA DESDE DIFERENTES PUNTOS DE VISTA FORMAS DE EMPRESAS CLASIFICACIÓN DE EMPRESAS EMPRESA Y FAMILIA COMO SISTEMAS LA EMPRESA FAMILIAR CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA EMPRESA FAMILIAR VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS DE LA EMPRESA FAMILIAR TIPOS DE EMPRESA FAMILIAR LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES EN EL PERÚ LA CULTURA DE LA EMPRESA FAMILIAR DEFINICIÓN DE CULTURA FORMACIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA CULTURA TRANSMISIÓN DE LA CULTURA FUNCIONES DE LA CULTURA LA EMPRESA A TRAVÉS DE LAS GENERACIONES DE LA PRIMER...

Constelaciones familiares y discapacidad

OpenAIRE

Salvachúa Algar, María Jesús

2017-01-01

La constelación familiar es un método de psicoterapia familiar sistémica, una potente herramienta fenomenológica que puede aplicarse de forma individual o en grupo, para conocer los vínculos y dinámicas que se establecen entre los miembros de la familia.

La agricultura familiar: su relación con el abastecimiento alimentario a nivel familiar

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Laura Gabriela Boada Molina

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En la sierra Norte, la estrategia familiar alimentaria para acceder a la alimentación se manifiesta a través de una heterogeneidad de factores. Específicamente en las provincias del Carchi e Imbabura, en donde predominan la actividad agrícola como un  abastecedor de alimentos para el mercado nacional. Las familias campesinas alcanzan la diversificación en su alimentación a través de la estrategia familiar alimentaria conformada por un conjunto de factores en los que destacan la producción para el autoconsumo y la comercialización de los alimentos, pero sobre todo las redes sociales y familiares (capital social. La agricultura familiar como proveedor  central del abastecimiento al mercado nacional, además debe alimentar a la familia que la lleva a cabo.

La mujer en la empresa familiar

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Zapatero, M.; Rodríguez Jiménez, Magdalena

2011-01-01

El objetivo perseguido por el presente trabajo de investigación es llegar a un mejor entendimiento del papel que juega la mujer en la empresa familiar. Se utilizó un cuestionario contestado por ciento diecinueve mujeres, que recabó junto a información demoscópica datos relativos a quién tomó la decisión de entrar a trabajar en la empresa familiar, ventajas y desventajas de trabajar en la empresa familiar, recomendaciones a las hijas para su unión al negocio familiar y tip...

Cultura financiera en la empresa familiar

OpenAIRE

Antonio Duréndez Gómez-Guillamón; Teresa Mariño Garrido

2013-01-01

Estudios previos han demostrado que las empresas familiares son muy diferentes a las no familiares, puesto que su carácter familiar y la relación familia-empresa les imprime unos rasgos y una cultura propia que le suponen cualidades diferenciadoras. De igual forma, la identificación de una estructura financiera y una jerarquía financiera única en el caso de las empresas familiares nos conduce a plantear una investigación en torno a la existencia de una cultura financiera propia de las empresa...

The me and the other of the memorialistic writing: a study of the tragic in "São Bernardo", by Graciliano Ramos

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Andréa Trench de Castro

2012-11-01

Full Text Available This article aims at uncovering and analizing the tragic dimension that is implied in the reading oh the novel São Bernardo, by Graciliano Ramos, through the study of the relations between memory, writing, subject and truth, fundamentally comprised in the works The Hermeneutics of the subject, by Michel Foucault, The Phenomenology of Spirit, by Hegel, and Memory, History, Forgetting, by Paul Ricoeur. We will therefore undertake a formal analysis of the novel in order to show the transformation of the character occurred due to the experience of self-questioning provoked by the writing act or work. In addition, we will seek to prove that the access to the truth as well as the transfiguration of the subject due to the writing act, on the other hand, enable the emergence of a tragic vision of the world, in which a possible redemption is not expected. The possibility of a deeper and acuter understanding of the human conscience is expected instead.

Hyperkyphotic posture and risk of injurious falls in older persons: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kado, Deborah M; Huang, Mei-Hua; Nguyen, Claude B; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Greendale, Gail A

2007-06-01

Falls among older adults can have serious physical and emotional consequences, ultimately leading to a loss of independence. Improved identification of those at risk for falls could lead to effective interventions. Because hyperkyphotic posture is associated with impaired physical functioning, we hypothesized that kyphosis may also be associated with falls. Participants were 1883 older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study. Between 1988 and 1991, kyphosis was measured using a system of 1.7-cm blocks placed under the participants' heads if they were unable to lie flat without neck hyperextension. Data on falls including injurious falls, demographics, health, and habits were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed at the same visit. Hyperkyphosis was defined as requiring the use of > or = 1 blocks (n = 595, 31.6%). In this cohort, men were more likely to be hyperkyphotic than were women (p fall (p =.015). Those who fell were older, more likely to be women, had lower body mass index, did not exercise, did not drink alcohol, and had poor self-reported physical and emotional health. In age- and sex-adjusted models, those with hyperkyphosis were at 1.38-fold increased odds of experiencing an injurious fall (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.91; p =.02) that increased to 1.48 using a cutoff of > or = 2 blocks versus fall, after adjustment for possible confounders, men with moderate hyperkyphosis were at greatest fall risk. Moderate hyperkyphotic posture may signify an easily identifiable independent risk factor for injurious falls in older men, with the association being less pronounced in older women.

Intento suicida y funcionamiento familiar

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Wilfredo Guibert Reyes

2001-10-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo de corte transversal del tipo caso control con el objetivo de caracterizar el funcionamiento familiar diferencial de los individuos que realizaron intentos suicida en un área de salud de la Habana Vieja, durante los meses de enero a mayo de 2000. La muestra estuvo conformada por 62 individuos y sus respectivas familias, 31 del grupo estudio e igual cantidad de controles. Se les aplicó la entrevista familiar semiestructurada circular, la prueba de funcionamiento familiar FF-SIL y se observaron sus interacciones familiares. Se encontró que el funcionamiento familiar (FF en los individuos que realizaron intento suicida es predominantemente disfuncional, que las características diferenciales del funcionamiento familiar en las suicidas fueron la poca adaptabilidad (67,7 %, la baja cohesión (70,9 %, y la desarmonía (87,1 % y que en las familias de los suicidas predominaron significativamente todos los factores familiares de riesgo esenciales que predisponen al suicidioA case-control crosswise retrospective and analytical study was made from January to May, 2000 to characterize the family performance in individual who attempted to commit suicide in a health area located in Habana Vieja municipality. The sample was composed by 62 subjects and their respective families, 31 of them belonged to the study group and the rest to the control group. The circular semi-structured family interview and the family performance test were applied whereas family interactions were observed. It was found that family performance in individuals with attempted suicides was predominantly dysfunctional; the differential characteristics of family performance in suicidal persons were low adaptability(67.7%, low cohesion (70.9% and lack of harmony (87.1% and that all the essential family risk factors that are conductive to suicide were significantly present in the families of the suicides

Proverb familiarity and the mental status examination.

Science.gov (United States)

Haynes, R M; Resnick, P J; Dougherty, K C; Althof, S E

1993-01-01

Asking patients to interpret proverbs is a traditional method of assessing abstract thinking ability. Familiarity with a proverb increases the likelihood of interpreting it correctly. Differences in proverb familiarity among patients could lead clinicians to incorrectly conclude that a patient is thinking concretely, and thus to underestimate the patient's cognitive ability. Clinicians should be aware of this possibility when assessing patients from different racial and gender groups. The authors surveyed 229 Afro-American and 104 Caucasian high school students to determine their familiarity with 25 proverbs. Thirty-seven clinicians were also asked to rate their patients' familiarity with the same proverbs. The authors found no differences in proverb familiarity between the black and white students or the male and female students. Clinicians' beliefs about proverb familiarity in their patients were found to be inaccurate.

Las crisis familiares

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Idarmis González Benítez

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Con este trabajo nos propusimos actualizar el tema de las crisis familiares. Se pone de manifiesto que tanto los eventos propios del desarrollo, como los accidentales, dan lugar a la aparición de crisis en la familia. Queda esclarecido, que no necesariamente han de tener implicaciones negativas para la familia. Se hace énfasis en la valoración del evento por la familia y su significación. Se destaca el papel de los recursos familiares como protectores y moduladores de las crisis. Por último se señalan algunos pasos a seguir en la intervención familiarWith this paper we intend to update the topic of the family crises. It is shown that the own events of development as well as the accidental ones bring about the appearance of crises in the family. It is made clear that they not always have negative implications for the family. Emphasis is made on the assessment of the event for the family and its significance. The role played by the family resources as protective and modulators of the crisis is stressed. Finally, some of the steps to be taken in family intervention are mentioned

Predictores familiares de la violencia filio-parental: el papel de la disciplina familiar

OpenAIRE

Izaskun Ibabe

2015-01-01

La violencia filio-parental es un problema social cualitativamente diferente a otros tipos de violencia familiar, porque los adolescentes dirigen la violencia hacia quienes debieran representar la autoridad y proporcionarles bienestar. El objetivo principal de este estudio era analizar el papel de las relaciones paternofiliales y la disciplina familiar en el desarrollo de conductas violentas y prosociales de los adolescentes hacia sus padres. En el estudio participaron 585 hijos/as (48% varon...

Involvement of right piriform cortex in olfactory familiarity judgments. : Familiarity judgment in olfaction

OpenAIRE

Plailly , Jane; Bensafi , Moustafa; Pachot-Clouard , Mathilde; Delon-Martin , Chantal; Kareken , David ,; Rouby , Catherine; Segebarth , Christoph; Royet , Jean ,

2005-01-01

International audience; Previous studies have shown activation of right orbitofrontal cortex during judgments of odor familiarity. In the present study, we sought to extend our knowledge about the neural circuits involved in such a task by exploring the involvement of the right prefrontal areas and limbic/primary olfactory structures. Fourteen right-handed male subjects were tested using fMRI with a single functional run of two olfactory conditions (odor detection and familiarity judgments). ...

Is Familiarity a Moderator of Brand/Country Alliances?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristensen, Tore; Gabrielsen, Gorm; Jaffe, Eugene D.

2014-01-01

Product and brand familiarity have an important role in consumer choice behaviour and they have been equated with knowledge and experience Consumers having high and low familiarity utilized brand information (an extrinsic cue) in their evaluations, whereas moderately familiar consumers used...... intrinsic cues (product attributes) in evaluating products. The question of whether familiarity moderates the country-of-origin (COO) effect is a valid one. In this present paper, we attempt to provide additional evidence as to how familiarity with products, brands and countries moderates consumer...... evaluation of brand/country alliances. Specifically, we concentrate on the brand leveraging process identified by Keller (2003) applied to the effect of familiarity on country/brand alliances....

How Does Familiarity Breed Contempt?

Science.gov (United States)

Mann, Kevin; Clandinin, Thomas R

2017-05-18

Classifying sensory experiences as either novel or familiar represents a fundamental challenge to neural processing. In this issue of Cell, Hattori et al. describe a circuit mechanism by which a novel stimulus that initially interests a fruit fly turns into a familiar one. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Word-Form Familiarity Bootstraps Infant Speech Segmentation

Science.gov (United States)

Altvater-Mackensen, Nicole; Mani, Nivedita

2013-01-01

At about 7 months of age, infants listen longer to sentences containing familiar words--but not deviant pronunciations of familiar words (Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995). This finding suggests that infants are able to segment familiar words from fluent speech and that they store words in sufficient phonological detail to recognize deviations from a…

Preferring familiar emotions: as you want (and like) it?

Science.gov (United States)

Ford, Brett Q; Tamir, Maya

2014-01-01

Do people want to feel emotions that are familiar to them? In two studies, participants rated how much they typically felt various emotions (i.e., familiarity of the emotion) and how much they generally wanted to experience these emotions. We found that, in general, people wanted to feel pleasant emotions more than unpleasant emotions. However, for both pleasant and unpleasant emotions, people more (vs. less) familiar with an emotion also wanted to experience it more. Links between the familiarity of an emotion and wanting to experience that emotion were not explained by the concurrent experience of familiar emotions. Also, we show that although familiar emotions were also liked more, liking did not fully account for wanting familiar emotions. Finally, the familiarity of emotions mediated the links between trait affect and the emotions people wanted to feel. We propose that people are motivated to feel familiar emotions, in part, because of their instrumental value.

Preferring familiar emotions: As you want (and like) it?

Science.gov (United States)

Ford, Brett Q.; Tamir, Maya

2014-01-01

Do people want to feel emotions that are familiar to them? In two studies, participants rated how much they typically felt various emotions (i.e., familiarity of the emotion) and how much they generally wanted to experience these emotions. We found that, in general, people wanted to feel pleasant emotions more than unpleasant emotions. However, for both pleasant and unpleasant emotions, people more (vs. less) familiar with an emotion also wanted to experience it more. Links between the familiarity of an emotion and wanting to experience that emotion were not explained by the concurrent experience of familiar emotions. Also, we show that although familiar emotions were also liked more, liking did not fully account for wanting familiar emotions. Finally, the familiarity of emotions mediated the links between trait affect and the emotions people wanted to feel. We propose that people are motivated to feel familiar emotions, in part, because of their instrumental value. PMID:23962316

Facelock: familiarity-based graphical authentication.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenkins, Rob; McLachlan, Jane L; Renaud, Karen

2014-01-01

Authentication codes such as passwords and PIN numbers are widely used to control access to resources. One major drawback of these codes is that they are difficult to remember. Account holders are often faced with a choice between forgetting a code, which can be inconvenient, or writing it down, which compromises security. In two studies, we test a new knowledge-based authentication method that does not impose memory load on the user. Psychological research on face recognition has revealed an important distinction between familiar and unfamiliar face perception: When a face is familiar to the observer, it can be identified across a wide range of images. However, when the face is unfamiliar, generalisation across images is poor. This contrast can be used as the basis for a personalised 'facelock', in which authentication succeeds or fails based on image-invariant recognition of faces that are familiar to the account holder. In Study 1, account holders authenticated easily by detecting familiar targets among other faces (97.5% success rate), even after a one-year delay (86.1% success rate). Zero-acquaintance attackers were reduced to guessing (authenticate (6.6% success rate). In Study 2, we found that shoulder-surfing attacks by strangers could be defeated by presenting different photos of the same target faces in observed and attacked grids (1.9% success rate). Our findings suggest that the contrast between familiar and unfamiliar face recognition may be useful for developers of graphical authentication systems.

Reorientando a identidade nacional em Native speaker, de Chang-rae Lee, e O sol se põe em São Paulo, de Bernardo Carvalho

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Rex P. Nielson

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A comparative reading of the novels Native speaker (1995, by the North American writer Chang-rae Lee, and O sol se põe em São Paulo (2007, by Bernardo Carvalho, allows for a reevaluation of how minority identities have been constructed in the two American megalopolises New York and São Paulo. The plotlines of both nove ls hinge on the identity crisis of a second-generation Asian immigrant (from Korea in one case and Japan in the other who is seeking to negotiate his American identity (speaking in hemispheric terms in terms of his family‟s origin and language. However, despite the similar anxieties over assimilation present in both novels, they both reveal significant differences regarding the ways in which the United States and Brazil have responded to cultural difference even as they challenge national myths of inclusi on and belonging.

Problemas Familiares Contemporâneos o Situaciones Familiares Actuales: Invariancia y Novedad

OpenAIRE

Berenstein,Isidoro

2002-01-01

O autor inicia por perguntar-se sobre a relevância da família na atualidade. Para responder esta questão, examina os vínculos de casal e de relação entre pais e filhos, situando-os historicamente. Sugere que os "problemas familiares" instauram-se a partir do momento em que se institui uma forma de família como oficial, sendo "problemas" as que não seguem esse modelo. Por isto, prefere referir-se a diferentes "situações familiares", que passam a ser pensadas a partir da crítica de dois critéri...

Facelock: familiarity-based graphical authentication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rob Jenkins

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Authentication codes such as passwords and PIN numbers are widely used to control access to resources. One major drawback of these codes is that they are difficult to remember. Account holders are often faced with a choice between forgetting a code, which can be inconvenient, or writing it down, which compromises security. In two studies, we test a new knowledge-based authentication method that does not impose memory load on the user. Psychological research on face recognition has revealed an important distinction between familiar and unfamiliar face perception: When a face is familiar to the observer, it can be identified across a wide range of images. However, when the face is unfamiliar, generalisation across images is poor. This contrast can be used as the basis for a personalised ‘facelock’, in which authentication succeeds or fails based on image-invariant recognition of faces that are familiar to the account holder. In Study 1, account holders authenticated easily by detecting familiar targets among other faces (97.5% success rate, even after a one-year delay (86.1% success rate. Zero-acquaintance attackers were reduced to guessing (<1% success rate. Even personal attackers who knew the account holder well were rarely able to authenticate (6.6% success rate. In Study 2, we found that shoulder-surfing attacks by strangers could be defeated by presenting different photos of the same target faces in observed and attacked grids (1.9% success rate. Our findings suggest that the contrast between familiar and unfamiliar face recognition may be useful for developers of graphical authentication systems.

Terapia familiar en los trastornos de personalidad

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Laura Rodríguez Moya

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La enfermedad mental afecta no solo al paciente sino también a su familia, dificulta la comunicación intrafamiliar, puede generar patologías adicionales en los familiares y todo ello empeorar la evolución del trastorno. Las terapias familiares de tipo psicoeducativo mejoran el pronóstico de la enfermedad y además previenen la aparición de otros trastornos en los familiares. Los elementos más importantes de estas intervenciones son la psicoeducación sobre el trastorno, el re-establecimiento de una relación sana entre paciente-familia, el establecimiento de límites, la mejora de la comunicación familiar y el establecimiento de relaciones con la red social extensa, para evitar el aislamiento tanto de la familia como del paciente. Las intervenciones mixtas, individuales y familiares, han demostrado ser muy útiles en el caso de los trastornos de personalidad, en concreto en el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP.

46 CFR 15.405 - Familiarity with vessel characteristics.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Familiarity with vessel characteristics. 15.405 Section... MANNING REQUIREMENTS Manning Requirements; All Vessels § 15.405 Familiarity with vessel characteristics. Each credentialed individual must become familiar with the relevant characteristics of the vessel on...

Infertilidad como evento paranormativo: Su repercusión familiar

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Malbys Fernández Ríos

2002-04-01

Full Text Available La infertilidad, tema de nuestro estudio, constituye un evento vital que repercute en el sistema familiar, y es considerada como una crisis familiar por desorganización. Nos propusimos realizar un estudio del evento infertilidad, para determinar su repercusión en la salud familiar y las áreas de mayor afectación, relacionándola con la adaptabilidad de la familia y el apoyo social recibido. Encontramos entre los resultados que la infertilidad como evento paranormativo presentó una repercusión en la salud familiar a un nivel leve y con un sentido desfavorable, que la infertilidad primaria tiene mayor nivel de repercusión que la secundaria, pero predomina la significación desfavorable de los 2 tipos. Las áreas de salud familiar con mayor afectación fueron la sociopsicológica y el estado de salud de los miembros con significación desfavorable; el funcionamiento familiar con significación favorable. Se encontró correspondencia entre la capacidad de adaptabilidad familiar, el apoyo social y la repercusión familiar del evento.

Process dissociation of familiarity and recollection in children: response deadline affects recollection but not familiarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Koenig, Laura; Wimmer, Marina C; Hollins, Timothy J

2015-03-01

According to dual-process theories, recollection (slow and associated with contextual details) and familiarity (fast and automatic) are two independent processes underlying recognition memory. An adapted version of the process dissociation paradigm was used to measure recognition memory in 5-, 7-, and 11-year-olds and adults. In Experiment 1, it was found that 5-year-olds already recollect details of items (i.e., number). Recollection increased particularly between 5 and 7 years. Familiarity differed between 5 years and adulthood. In Experiment 2, under limited response time during retrieval, recollection was eliminated in 5-year-olds and reduced across all ages, whereas familiarity was left unaffected. Together, these findings are consistent with dual-process theories of recognition memory and provide support for two processes underlying recognition memory from a developmental perspective. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The perceived familiarity gap hypothesis: examining how media attention and reflective integration relate to perceived familiarity with nanotechnology in Singapore

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Edmund W. J.; Ho, Shirley S.

2015-01-01

Public level of familiarity with nanotechnology partly determines their acceptance or rejection of the technology. This study examines the differential influence of public attention to science news in the media and reflective integration on perceived familiarity with nanotechnology among people in the higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups in Singapore. Significant three-way interactions among education, science news attention, and reflective integration variables were found. Attention to television science news narrowed the level of perceived familiarity with nanotechnology between the higher and lower SES groups for those who engaged in high elaborative processing. Science newspaper attention, on the other hand, widened the familiarity gap between the higher and lower SES groups among those who engaged in high elaborative processing. Two-way interaction among education and elaborative processing were found—elaborative processing closed the familiarity gap between higher and lower SES groups. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed

The perceived familiarity gap hypothesis: examining how media attention and reflective integration relate to perceived familiarity with nanotechnology in Singapore

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Edmund W. J., E-mail: leew0124@e.ntu.edu.sg; Ho, Shirley S. [Nanyang Technological University, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information (Singapore)

2015-05-15

Public level of familiarity with nanotechnology partly determines their acceptance or rejection of the technology. This study examines the differential influence of public attention to science news in the media and reflective integration on perceived familiarity with nanotechnology among people in the higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups in Singapore. Significant three-way interactions among education, science news attention, and reflective integration variables were found. Attention to television science news narrowed the level of perceived familiarity with nanotechnology between the higher and lower SES groups for those who engaged in high elaborative processing. Science newspaper attention, on the other hand, widened the familiarity gap between the higher and lower SES groups among those who engaged in high elaborative processing. Two-way interaction among education and elaborative processing were found—elaborative processing closed the familiarity gap between higher and lower SES groups. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

The perceived familiarity gap hypothesis: examining how media attention and reflective integration relate to perceived familiarity with nanotechnology in Singapore

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Edmund W. J.; Ho, Shirley S.

2015-05-01

Public level of familiarity with nanotechnology partly determines their acceptance or rejection of the technology. This study examines the differential influence of public attention to science news in the media and reflective integration on perceived familiarity with nanotechnology among people in the higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups in Singapore. Significant three-way interactions among education, science news attention, and reflective integration variables were found. Attention to television science news narrowed the level of perceived familiarity with nanotechnology between the higher and lower SES groups for those who engaged in high elaborative processing. Science newspaper attention, on the other hand, widened the familiarity gap between the higher and lower SES groups among those who engaged in high elaborative processing. Two-way interaction among education and elaborative processing were found—elaborative processing closed the familiarity gap between higher and lower SES groups. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Relación de tipo y ciclo vital familiar con la presencia de problemas psicosomáticos en un consultorio docente de medicina familiar

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Maria Cuba-Fuentes

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre el tipo de familia y el ciclo vital familiar con el desarrollo de problemas psicosomáticos en pacientes que acudieron al consultorio de medicina familiar. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal, en el que se revisaron las historias clínicas de un consultorio docente de medicina familiar y se buscó asociación entre el tipo de familia y ciclo vital familiar con el desarrollo de problemas psicosomáticos. Resultados: Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de familias nucleares según el tipo familiar y en plataforma de despegue según el ciclo vital familiar, se encontró en un 41% del total de la muestra con al menos un problema psicosomático en la historia clínica. No se encontró asociación entre el tipo de familia y el ciclo vital familiar con el desarrollo de problemas psicosomáticos. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de problemas psicosomáticos en un consultorio docente de medicina familiar no está asociado con el tipo de familia ni con el ciclo vital familiar.

Investigación, Planificación y Estudio del Potencial Turístico del Parque Nacional Bernardo O’Higgins, Patagonia Chilena.

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Germaynee Vela-Ruiz Figueroa

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El Parque Nacional Bernardo O’Higgins (PNBO, ubicado en el extremo austral de Chile, protege 3,5 millones de hectáreas caracterizadas por una geomorfología de fiordos, archipiélagos, islas y glaciares del Campo de Hielo Sur. Este Parque Nacional resalta además por ser el territorio ancestral de los últimos habitantes que mantienen la lengua y el acervo cultural del pueblo indígena Kawésqar. El presente artículo muestra el proceso de investigación ecológica y cultural realizado en el PNBO, así como el proceso de planificación participativa y la elaboración de una propuesta de potencial turístico de dicho territorio. Proyecto que ha sido innovador en la planificación de áreas protegidas en Chile, ya que ha incorporado directamente a una comunidad kawésqar como equipo técnico del proyecto, así como ha permitido levantar información de base de una zona de relevancia mundial escasamente conocida hasta antes de este estudio.

Impact of product familiarity on beef quality perception

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Banovic, Marija; Fontes, Magda Aguiar; Barreira, Maria Madalena

2012-01-01

This study examines the use of intrinsic and extrinsic cues in beef quality perception at the point of purchase and upon consumption by consumers with varying levels of familiarity with a particular beef product. High-familiarity consumers tend to use the color of the meat to assess beef quality......, whereas low-familiarity consumers tend to believe that the brand is the most valid cue for assessing beef quality. However, due to the lack of consistency in sensory beef quality, high-familiarity consumers’ ability to form quality expectations that are predictive of their quality experience is no better...

Predictores familiares de la violencia filio-parental: el papel de la disciplina familiar

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Izaskun Ibabe

2015-05-01

Full Text Available La violencia filio-parental es un problema social cualitativamente diferente a otros tipos de violencia familiar, porque los adolescentes dirigen la violencia hacia quienes debieran representar la autoridad y proporcionarles bienestar. El objetivo principal de este estudio era analizar el papel de las relaciones paternofiliales y la disciplina familiar en el desarrollo de conductas violentas y prosociales de los adolescentes hacia sus padres. En el estudio participaron 585 hijos/as (48% varones entre 12 y 18 años procedentes de 8 centros escolares de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Los resultados indican que las relaciones familiares basadas en el afecto y la comunicación son las que favorecen las conductas prosociales de los hijos, y reducen las conductas violentas de éstos en el hogar. Por el contrario, las estrategias de disciplina parental coercitivas y las estrategias parcialmente coercitivas (supervisión y coste de respuesta se asocian a un mayor nivel de violencia física y psicológica de los hijos adolescentes hacia sus padres. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados en relación a la educación parental.

Neural representation of face familiarity in an awake chimpanzee

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Hirokata Fukushima

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Evaluating the familiarity of faces is critical for social animals as it is the basis of individual recognition. In the present study, we examined how face familiarity is reflected in neural activities in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee. Skin-surface event-related brain potentials (ERPs were measured while a fully awake chimpanzee observed photographs of familiar and unfamiliar chimpanzee faces (Experiment 1 and human faces (Experiment 2. The ERPs evoked by chimpanzee faces differentiated unfamiliar individuals from familiar ones around midline areas centered on vertex sites at approximately 200 ms after the stimulus onset. In addition, the ERP response to the image of the subject’s own face did not significantly diverge from those evoked by familiar chimpanzees, suggesting that the subject’s brain at a minimum remembered the image of her own face. The ERPs evoked by human faces were not influenced by the familiarity of target individuals. These results indicate that chimpanzee neural representations are more sensitive to the familiarity of conspecific than allospecific faces.

Características, percepciones y motivaciones de los estudiantes que ingresan a pedagogía en Chile: el caso de la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins

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GERMÁN MORONG REYES

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tiene como objetivo reunir antecedentes de los futuros(as profesores(as de Chile, sus motivaciones y percepciones del proceso educativo. A partir de la aplicación de un instrumento de indagación (encuesta a los estudian - tes de primer año de las cuatro pedagogías que imparte la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, pretendemos configurar un cuadro de análisis que integre dos dimensiones fundamentales; las motivaciones que los impulsaron a estudiar pedagogía y la visión que tienen del sistema educativo nacional. Desde esta perspectiva se tendrá una visión de primera fuente de los aspectos críticos del sis - tema, ya que como egresados de educación media, pueden aportar elementos que ayuden a proponer líneas de mejora del proceso de formación pedagógica.

Coping with divided attention: the advantage of familiarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Griffiths, S W; Brockmark, S; Höjesjö, J; Johnsson, J I

2004-04-07

The ability of an animal to perform a task successfully is limited by the amount of attention being simultaneously focused on other activities. One way in which individuals might reduce the cost of divided attention is by preferentially focusing on the most beneficial tasks. In territorial animals where aggression is lower among familiar individuals, the decision to associate preferentially with familiar conspecifics may therefore confer advantages by allowing attention to be switched from aggression to predator vigilance and feeding. Wild juvenile brown trout were used to test the prediction that familiar fishes respond more quickly than unfamiliar fishes to a simulated predator attack. Our results confirm this prediction by demonstrating that familiar trout respond 14% faster than unfamiliar individuals to a predator attack. The results also show that familiar fishes consume a greater number of food items, foraging at more than twice the rate of unfamiliar conspecifics. To the best of our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence that familiarity-biased association confers advantages through the immediate fitness benefits afforded by faster predator-evasion responses and the long-term benefits provided by increased feeding opportunities.

Familiar counseling and its effects on childhood stuttering

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Cristiane Moço Canhetti de; Yasunaga, Cristiane Naomi; Sebastião, Luciana Tavares; Nascimento, Edinalva Neves

2010-01-01

OBJETIVO: Verificar a contribuição da orientação familiar de curto prazo na fluência da fala de crianças com gagueira. MÉTODOS: Participaram 20 díades de crianças com gagueira e familiares. Os procedimentos foram realizados em três etapas: avaliação da fluência, orientações familiares e reavaliação da fluência. A avaliação inicial da fluência foi realizada para caracterizar a tipologia e a frequência das disfluências antes das orientações. A orientação familiar foi realizada em duas sessões, ...

Prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in the urban area neighboring a petrochemical complex and a control area in Sao Paulo, Brazil Prevalência de tireoidite de Hashimoto na população vicinal ao Pólo Petroquímico de Capuava (área Polo e área controle (São Bernardo Campo na região metropolitana da grande São Paulo, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosalinda Y. A. Camargo

2006-08-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in 2 urban areas of metropolitan São Paulo (Brazil: Polo Area neighboring a large petrochemical complex and São Bernardo Campo Area (control area. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were randomly included from the adult population (20 to 70 years of age of both genders (women 80%, men 20% who voluntarily agreed to participate. From the Polo Area, in the vicinity of a large petrochemical industrial complex, 409 subjects were included; from the control area (São Bernardo Campo Area 420 individuals were included. All subjects were clinically examined, and a detailed record of past thyroid illness and medications was obtained. Ultrasonographic studies were performed using a portable GE Medical Systems apparatus. Blood samples were obtained for free T4, serum TSH, and serum anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. Urine specimens were collected in Monovette syringes for assaying iodine content. Salt samples were collected at households, and the iodine content was measured. RESULTS: Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed both echographically (marked hypoechogenicity and immunologically (presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase. In the Polo Area, 15.6% of the examined population had chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and in the control area (São Bernardo Campo Area, 19.5% of the population had evidence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (P > 0.057, not significant. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 4.9% in the Polo Area and 8.3% in the São Bernardo Campo Area (P = 0.0461 significant. Taking the 2 populations together, 6.6% had hypothyroidism (about one third of these patients were on L-T4 treatment. The mean thyroid volume was 11.2 mL. Domestic salt had a normal concentration of iodine (35.5 + 6.61 mg/kg. Urinary excretion of iodine was above 300 µg Iodine/L in 58.5% of the total population. CONCLUSION: The high iodine intake (above 300 µg Iodine/L of urine that

Memory color effect induced by familiarity of brand logos.

Science.gov (United States)

Kimura, Atsushi; Wada, Yuji; Masuda, Tomohiro; Goto, Sho-Ichi; Tsuzuki, Daisuke; Hibino, Haruo; Cai, Dongsheng; Dan, Ippeita

2013-01-01

When people are asked to adjust the color of familiar objects such as fruits until they appear achromatic, the subjective gray points of the objects are shifted away from the physical gray points in a direction opposite to the memory color (memory color effect). It is still unclear whether the discrepancy between memorized and actual colors of objects is dependent on the familiarity of the objects. Here, we conducted two experiments in order to examine the relationship between the degree of a subject's familiarity with objects and the degree of the memory color effect by using logographs of food and beverage companies. In Experiment 1, we measured the memory color effects of logos which varied in terms of their familiarity (high, middle, or low). Results demonstrate that the memory color effect occurs only in the high-familiarity condition, but not in the middle- and low-familiarity conditions. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the memory color effect and the actual number of domestic stores of the brand. In Experiment 2, we assessed the semantic association between logos and food/beverage names by using a semantic priming task to elucidate whether the memory color effect of logos relates to consumer brand cognition, and found that the semantic associations between logos and food/beverage names in the high-familiarity brands were stronger than those in the low-familiarity brands only when the logos were colored correctly, but not when they were appropriately or inappropriately colored, or achromatic. The current results provide behavioral evidence of the relationship between the familiarity of objects and the memory color effect and suggest that the memory color effect increases with the familiarity of objects, albeit not constantly.

Memory Color Effect Induced by Familiarity of Brand Logos

Science.gov (United States)

Kimura, Atsushi; Wada, Yuji; Masuda, Tomohiro; Goto, Sho-ichi; Tsuzuki, Daisuke; Hibino, Haruo; Cai, Dongsheng; Dan, Ippeita

2013-01-01

Background When people are asked to adjust the color of familiar objects such as fruits until they appear achromatic, the subjective gray points of the objects are shifted away from the physical gray points in a direction opposite to the memory color (memory color effect). It is still unclear whether the discrepancy between memorized and actual colors of objects is dependent on the familiarity of the objects. Here, we conducted two experiments in order to examine the relationship between the degree of a subject’s familiarity with objects and the degree of the memory color effect by using logographs of food and beverage companies. Methods and Findings In Experiment 1, we measured the memory color effects of logos which varied in terms of their familiarity (high, middle, or low). Results demonstrate that the memory color effect occurs only in the high-familiarity condition, but not in the middle- and low-familiarity conditions. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the memory color effect and the actual number of domestic stores of the brand. In Experiment 2, we assessed the semantic association between logos and food/beverage names by using a semantic priming task to elucidate whether the memory color effect of logos relates to consumer brand cognition, and found that the semantic associations between logos and food/beverage names in the high-familiarity brands were stronger than those in the low-familiarity brands only when the logos were colored correctly, but not when they were appropriately or inappropriately colored, or achromatic. Conclusion The current results provide behavioral evidence of the relationship between the familiarity of objects and the memory color effect and suggest that the memory color effect increases with the familiarity of objects, albeit not constantly. PMID:23874638

Memory color effect induced by familiarity of brand logos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atsushi Kimura

Full Text Available When people are asked to adjust the color of familiar objects such as fruits until they appear achromatic, the subjective gray points of the objects are shifted away from the physical gray points in a direction opposite to the memory color (memory color effect. It is still unclear whether the discrepancy between memorized and actual colors of objects is dependent on the familiarity of the objects. Here, we conducted two experiments in order to examine the relationship between the degree of a subject's familiarity with objects and the degree of the memory color effect by using logographs of food and beverage companies.In Experiment 1, we measured the memory color effects of logos which varied in terms of their familiarity (high, middle, or low. Results demonstrate that the memory color effect occurs only in the high-familiarity condition, but not in the middle- and low-familiarity conditions. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the memory color effect and the actual number of domestic stores of the brand. In Experiment 2, we assessed the semantic association between logos and food/beverage names by using a semantic priming task to elucidate whether the memory color effect of logos relates to consumer brand cognition, and found that the semantic associations between logos and food/beverage names in the high-familiarity brands were stronger than those in the low-familiarity brands only when the logos were colored correctly, but not when they were appropriately or inappropriately colored, or achromatic.The current results provide behavioral evidence of the relationship between the familiarity of objects and the memory color effect and suggest that the memory color effect increases with the familiarity of objects, albeit not constantly.

Modality dependency of familiarity ratings of Japanese words.

Science.gov (United States)

Amano, S; Kondo, T; Kakehi, K

1995-07-01

Familiarity ratings for a large number of aurally and visually presented Japanese words wer measured for 11 subjects, in order to investigate the modality dependency of familiarity. The correlation coefficient between auditory and visual ratings was .808, which is lower than that observed for English words, suggesting that a substantial portion of the mental lexicon is modality dependent. It was shown that the modality dependency is greater for low-familiarity words than it is for medium- or high-familiarity words. This difference between the low- and the medium- or high-familiarity words has a relationship to orthography. That is, the dependency is larger in words consisting only of kanji, which may have multiple pronunciations and usually represent meaning, than it is in words consisting only of hiragana or katakana, which have a single pronunciation and usually do not represent meaning. These results indicate that the idiosyncratic characteristics of Japanese orthography contribute to the modality dependency.

The Influence of Familiarity on Affective Responses to Natural Scenes

Science.gov (United States)

Sanabria Z., Jorge C.; Cho, Youngil; Yamanaka, Toshimasa

This kansei study explored how familiarity with image-word combinations influences affective states. Stimuli were obtained from Japanese print advertisements (ads), and consisted of images (e.g., natural-scene backgrounds) and their corresponding headlines (advertising copy). Initially, a group of subjects evaluated their level of familiarity with images and headlines independently, and stimuli were filtered based on the results. In the main experiment, a different group of subjects rated their pleasure and arousal to, and familiarity with, image-headline combinations. The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale was used to evaluate pleasure and arousal, and a bipolar scale was used to evaluate familiarity. The results showed a high correlation between familiarity and pleasure, but low correlation between familiarity and arousal. The characteristics of the stimuli, and their effect on the variables of pleasure, arousal and familiarity, were explored through ANOVA. It is suggested that, in the case of natural-scene ads, familiarity with image-headline combinations may increase the pleasure response to the ads, and that certain components in the images (e.g., water) may increase arousal levels.

Efficient privacy-enhanced familiarity-based recommender system

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jeckmans, Arjan; Peter, Andreas; Hartel, Pieter H.

Recommender systems can help users to find interesting content, often based on similarity with other users. However, studies have shown that in some cases familiarity gives comparable results to similarity. Using familiarity has the added bonus of increasing privacy between users and utilizing a

La tributación familiar

OpenAIRE

Soler Roch, María Teresa

2006-01-01

El trabajo trata la evolución de la tributación familiar en el Derecho tributario español con referencia a la imposición directa (Impuesto sobre la renta de las personas físicas, Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio e Impuesto sobre Sucesiones y Donaciones). En los Impuestos sobre la Renta y el Patrimonio, se analiza el tratamiento de la unidad familiar desde la perspectiva de los principios constitucionales de capacidad económica e igualdad y las distintas reformas en el tratamiento de l...

Empresa familiar: mujer y sucesión

OpenAIRE

Pascual García, Consolación

2013-01-01

La Empresa Familiar desempeña un papel fundamental en las principales economías del mundo. Uno de sus objetivos fundamentales es el traspaso de una generación a otra, lo cual hace que el tema de la sucesión sea especialmente importante. Como consecuencia de todo ello surgió el interés por la Empresa Familiar para realizar este trabajo de investigación, que trata de explicar el proceso de sucesión en la Empresa Familiar, determinando cuáles son los criterios que predominan en la elección del s...

Semantic memory influences episodic retrieval by increased familiarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yujuan; Mao, Xinrui; Li, Bingcan; Lu, Baoqing; Guo, Chunyan

2016-07-06

The role of familiarity in associative recognition has been investigated in a number of studies, which have indicated that familiarity can facilitate recognition under certain circumstances. The ability of a pre-experimentally existing common representation to boost the contribution of familiarity has rarely been investigated. In addition, although many studies have investigated the interactions between semantic memory and episodic retrieval, the conditions that influence the presence of specific patterns were unclear. This study aimed to address these two questions. We manipulated the degree of overlap between the two representations using synonym and nonsynonym pairs in an associative recognition task. Results indicated that an increased degree of overlap enhanced recognition performance. The analysis of event-related potentials effects in the test phase showed that synonym pairs elicited both types of old/rearranged effects, whereas nonsynonym pairs elicited a late old/rearranged effect. These results confirmed that a common representation, irrespective of source, was necessary for assuring the presence of familiarity, but a common representation could not distinguish associative recognition depending on familiarity alone. Moreover, our expected double dissociation between familiarity and recollection was absent, which indicated that mode selection may be influenced by the degree of distinctness between old and rearranged pairs rather than the degree of overlap between representations.

Familiarity Affects Entrainment of EEG in Music Listening

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Yuiko Kumagai

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Music perception involves complex brain functions. The relationship between music and brain such as cortical entrainment to periodic tune, periodic beat, and music have been well investigated. It has also been reported that the cerebral cortex responded more strongly to the periodic rhythm of unfamiliar music than to that of familiar music. However, previous works mainly used simple and artificial auditory stimuli like pure tone or beep. It is still unclear how the brain response is influenced by the familiarity of music. To address this issue, we analyzed electroencelphalogram (EEG to investigate the relationship between cortical response and familiarity of music using melodies produced by piano sounds as simple natural stimuli. The cross-correlation function averaged across trials, channels, and participants showed two pronounced peaks at time lags around 70 and 140 ms. At the two peaks the magnitude of the cross-correlation values were significantly larger when listening to unfamiliar and scrambled music compared to those when listening to familiar music. Our findings suggest that the response to unfamiliar music is stronger than that to familiar music. One potential application of our findings would be the discrimination of listeners' familiarity with music, which provides an important tool for assessment of brain activity.

Procesos matrimoniales y mediación familiar

OpenAIRE

Fernández López, Mercedes

2012-01-01

Presentación de la regulación de los procesos matrimoniales y de las posibilidades de acudir a la mediación familiar como medio para alcanzar acuerdos que eviten el proceso contradictorio. Momentos procesales en los que procede acudir a la mediación familiar.

Criação de Valor no Desempenho Econômico de Empresas Familiares e Não Familiares Brasileiras

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Micheli Aparecida Lunardi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a criação de valor no desempenho econômico de empresas familiares e não familiares brasileiras. Para tanto, adotou-se como universo do estudo as ações listadas no IBRX 100 do IBM&FBOVESPA no período de 2011 a 2015. Fundamento: A contabilidade e a finanças são pedras angulares no apoio à gestão baseada na criação de valor. Os dados contábeis são usados para avaliação de desempenho econômico-financeiro das organizações. Não obstante, os gestores ainda carecem de informações que representam a criação de riqueza de uma organização. Nas últimas décadas, as empresas brasileiras seguem uma tendência mundial, que busca aderir ao modelo de gestão baseada na criação de valor de modo a maximizar a riqueza do acionista. Método: O estudo é descritivo, documental com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra é composta por 21 empresas familiares e 42 não familiares. Adotou-se o modelo de Análise por Envelopamento de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis – DEA no qual as medidas de criação de valor (EVA e MVA são consideradas inputs e os indicadores de desempenho (ROI e ROA apresentam-se como outputs. Resultados: A análise permite concluir que no período de 2011 a 2013 as empresas familiares apresentaram score de eficiência em relação às não familiares. Em 2014, observou-se uma queda na eficiência nos dois grupos de propriedade. No ano subsequente, as empresas não familiares apresentaram uma melhor eficiência na relação entre criação de valor e desempenho econômico. Contribuições: Por fim, o estudo reforça que o desempenho das empresas, no período de 2011 até 2014 apresentou forte redução no número de empresas eficientes, em virtude da crise econômica brasileira, com oscilação acentuada para as empresas não familiares. Com isso, fica evidenciado o perfil mais conservador das empresas familiares em função do desempenho econômico e criação de valor que

Metro Profile: A Familiar Name with an Economy Facing Familiar Challenges

OpenAIRE

Fernandez Laris, Georgette A; Gascon, Charles S.

2015-01-01

Springfield, Mo., a city with a common name, has an economy with familiar successes and challenges. The health care sector is booming, and the cost of living is somewhat low, as are wages. But labor productivity seems to be subpar, and the poverty rate is above average.

Proceso de reconstitución familiar: etapas y tareas

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Ilein Morales Ramos

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: la formación de nuevas familias con antecedentes de frustración de proyectos de vida familiar es una tendencia en Pinar del Río, que coexiste con la inexistencia de pautas de organización para el logro del proyecto actual. Objetivo: caracterizar el proceso de reconstitución familiar en familias de la ciudad de Pinar del Río que transitan el mismo entre los dos a cinco años de su constitución. Material y métodos: investigación descriptiva de estudio de casos múltiples que respondió a la metodología cualitativa. Se estudiaron trece familias pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" en el año 2012. Las técnicas aplicadas fueron: entrevistas individual y familiar, curva familiar, mapa familiar, escudo familiar, curva de la vida familiar, dibujo de la familia y escala valorativa. Resultados: predominaron sentimientos de fracaso que influyeron en las expectativas de las personas para conceptualizar la nueva familia y la diferenciación entre la familia tradicional y la nueva familia, en la primera etapa. La segunda etapa se caracterizó por la distribución de tareas familiares por el subsistema parental dirigidas a la reestructuración de roles en detrimento de la resolución de conflictos emocionales. Conclusiones: fueron identificadas dos etapas delimitadas por el tránsito a la convivencia. No se reconoció la necesidad de proyectar acciones en función de los cambios en la familia, por lo que las tareas cumplidas tuvieron un carácter predominantemente espontáneo. Las familias le otorgaron una doble valencia a la reconstitución familiar.

La Estructura Familiar del Delincuente Juvenil

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Miguel Alberto Ramírez Villaseñor

2001-07-01

Full Text Available En una muestra de 250 familias de menores infractores se analiza la presencia de 12 variables pertenecientes a la estructura familiar observada en el trabajo terapéutico con este tipo de familias. Todas las familias habían sido canalizadas al programa Grupo de Padres de la Clínica de Control de la Conducta por robo y/o fármaco dependencia entre febrero y septiembre de 1988. En dichas familias, el factor inmigración, el valor atribuido al hijo identificado como paciente, la adolescencia de éste, la presencia de miembros de la familia extensa, un hermano muerto cercano en la escala familiar pareciera determinar la aparición de la sintomatología más que otras variables manejadas frecuentemente, tales como estado civil de los padres, separaciones, divorcios, nuevas uniones conyugales, ocupación de la madre. La estructura familiar detectada parecería señalar cómo el P.I. y la madre tenían un vínculo m s estrecho desplazando al padrea la periferia del sistema. Se considera que este tipo de estructuras familiares también presentan madres solteras o hijas promiscuas a manera similar que los síntomas del P.I.

Music and emotions in the brain: familiarity matters.

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Carlos Silva Pereira

Full Text Available The importance of music in our daily life has given rise to an increased number of studies addressing the brain regions involved in its appreciation. Some of these studies controlled only for the familiarity of the stimuli, while others relied on pleasantness ratings, and others still on musical preferences. With a listening test and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI experiment, we wished to clarify the role of familiarity in the brain correlates of music appreciation by controlling, in the same study, for both familiarity and musical preferences. First, we conducted a listening test, in which participants rated the familiarity and liking of song excerpts from the pop/rock repertoire, allowing us to select a personalized set of stimuli per subject. Then, we used a passive listening paradigm in fMRI to study music appreciation in a naturalistic condition with increased ecological value. Brain activation data revealed that broad emotion-related limbic and paralimbic regions as well as the reward circuitry were significantly more active for familiar relative to unfamiliar music. Smaller regions in the cingulate cortex and frontal lobe, including the motor cortex and Broca's area, were found to be more active in response to liked music when compared to disliked one. Hence, familiarity seems to be a crucial factor in making the listeners emotionally engaged with music, as revealed by fMRI data.

Music and emotions in the brain: familiarity matters.

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira, Carlos Silva; Teixeira, João; Figueiredo, Patrícia; Xavier, João; Castro, São Luís; Brattico, Elvira

2011-01-01

The importance of music in our daily life has given rise to an increased number of studies addressing the brain regions involved in its appreciation. Some of these studies controlled only for the familiarity of the stimuli, while others relied on pleasantness ratings, and others still on musical preferences. With a listening test and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, we wished to clarify the role of familiarity in the brain correlates of music appreciation by controlling, in the same study, for both familiarity and musical preferences. First, we conducted a listening test, in which participants rated the familiarity and liking of song excerpts from the pop/rock repertoire, allowing us to select a personalized set of stimuli per subject. Then, we used a passive listening paradigm in fMRI to study music appreciation in a naturalistic condition with increased ecological value. Brain activation data revealed that broad emotion-related limbic and paralimbic regions as well as the reward circuitry were significantly more active for familiar relative to unfamiliar music. Smaller regions in the cingulate cortex and frontal lobe, including the motor cortex and Broca's area, were found to be more active in response to liked music when compared to disliked one. Hence, familiarity seems to be a crucial factor in making the listeners emotionally engaged with music, as revealed by fMRI data.

Music and Emotions in the Brain: Familiarity Matters

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira, Carlos Silva; Teixeira, João; Figueiredo, Patrícia; Xavier, João; Castro, São Luís; Brattico, Elvira

2011-01-01

The importance of music in our daily life has given rise to an increased number of studies addressing the brain regions involved in its appreciation. Some of these studies controlled only for the familiarity of the stimuli, while others relied on pleasantness ratings, and others still on musical preferences. With a listening test and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, we wished to clarify the role of familiarity in the brain correlates of music appreciation by controlling, in the same study, for both familiarity and musical preferences. First, we conducted a listening test, in which participants rated the familiarity and liking of song excerpts from the pop/rock repertoire, allowing us to select a personalized set of stimuli per subject. Then, we used a passive listening paradigm in fMRI to study music appreciation in a naturalistic condition with increased ecological value. Brain activation data revealed that broad emotion-related limbic and paralimbic regions as well as the reward circuitry were significantly more active for familiar relative to unfamiliar music. Smaller regions in the cingulate cortex and frontal lobe, including the motor cortex and Broca's area, were found to be more active in response to liked music when compared to disliked one. Hence, familiarity seems to be a crucial factor in making the listeners emotionally engaged with music, as revealed by fMRI data. PMID:22110619

The impact of familiarization strategies on the missing-letter effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Plamondon, Andréanne; Roy-Charland, Annie; Chamberland, Justin; Quenneville, Joannie; Laforge, Christian

2017-08-01

When reading a text and searching for a target letter, readers make more omissions of the target letter if it is embedded in frequent function words than if it is in rare content words. While word frequency effects are consistently found, few studies have examined the impacts of passage familiarity on the missing-letter effect and studies that have present conflicting evidence. The present study examines the effects of passage familiarity, as well as the impacts of passage familiarization strategy promoting surface or deep encoding, on the missing-letter effect. Participants were familiarized with a passage by retyping a text, replacing all common nouns with synonyms, or generating a text on the same topic as that of the original text, and then completed a letter search task on the familiar passage as well as an unfamiliar passage. In Experiment 1, when both familiar and unfamiliar passages use the same words, results revealed fewer omissions for the retyping and synonyms conditions. However, in Experiment 2, when different words are used in both types of texts, no effect of familiarization strategy was observed. Furthermore, the missing-letter effect is maintained in all conditions, adding support to the robustness of the effect regardless of familiarity with the text.

Familiarity with music increases walking speed in rhythmic auditory cuing.

Science.gov (United States)

Leow, Li-Ann; Rinchon, Cricia; Grahn, Jessica

2015-03-01

Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) is a gait rehabilitation method in which patients synchronize footsteps to a metronome or musical beats. Although RAS with music can ameliorate gait abnormalities, outcomes vary, possibly because music properties, such as groove or familiarity, differ across interventions. To optimize future interventions, we assessed how initially familiar and unfamiliar low-groove and high-groove music affected synchronization accuracy and gait in healthy individuals. We also experimentally increased music familiarity using repeated exposure to initially unfamiliar songs. Overall, familiar music elicited faster stride velocity and less variable strides, as well as better synchronization performance (matching of step tempo to beat tempo). High-groove music, as reported previously, led to faster stride velocity than low-groove music. We propose two mechanisms for familiarity's effects. First, familiarity with the beat structure reduces cognitive demands of synchronizing, leading to better synchronization performance and faster, less variable gait. Second, familiarity might have elicited faster gait by increasing enjoyment of the music, as enjoyment was higher after repeated exposure to initially low-enjoyment songs. Future studies are necessary to dissociate the contribution of these mechanisms to the observed RAS effects of familiar music on gait. © 2015 New York Academy of Sciences.

Il diritto al ricongiungimento familiare e la sua tutela multilivello

OpenAIRE

BANA, SOKOL

2013-01-01

L’unità familiare rappresenta, ovviamente, uno dei diritti primari della persona e il ricongiungimento familiare può ascriversi all’insieme di garanzie giuridiche poste a tutela della famiglia, intesa quale nucleo naturale e fondamentale della società. Il diritto a farsi accompagnare o a ricongiungersi ai membri della propria famiglia costituisce il presupposto da cui dipende la possibilità per lo straniero di esercitare il proprio diritto alla vita familiare. Il ricongiungimento familiare è ...

As perspectivas da pequena produção familiar na agricultura The perspectives for the small familiar farming

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Olivio Ciprandi

1996-04-01

Full Text Available As perspectivas da pequena produção familiar na agricultura constitui um tema controvertido na sociologia e na economia rural. A modernização da agricultura alterou suas relações com o restante da economia. As mudanças na base técnica e as políticas agrícolas determinaram a necessidade de crescimento das escalas mínimas viáveis do ponto de vista técnico e econômico, promovendo um processo de seleção e exclusão entre os pequenos produtores rurais, sem no entanto implicar na eliminação da pequena produção familiar.The perspective for the small familiar farming is still ect of controversy in rural sociology and economy sciences. The modernization of the agriculture changed the relation ships between the agriculture and the rest of the economy. The new tecniques and the policies for the agriculture determined a need for larger production scales. This fenomenon promoted a farming selection owith exclusion of some od them, but had no eliminated the familiar farming.

Exploring the Concept of (Un)familiarity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, D. J.

2013-01-01

the concept of (un)familiarity, an explanatory problem remains concerning people's unarticulated and perhaps deeper reasons for mobility and lack thereof. This leaves a question mark as to why feelings of (un)familiarity occur in the first place as well as the actual degree to which they constitute barriers......In border region studies, the concept of (un)familiarity is applied in empirical studies of consumer culture across borders, illustrating how feelings of unfamiliarity can have an off-putting influence on cross-border interaction (e.g. because of dislike of or lack of attraction to the other side......) at the same time as it can be an incentive for people living at borders to cross them (e.g. to explore the exotic other side). The concepts explanatory scope has, thus, far responded to the normative claim that a borderless Europe encourages and increases mobility. However, in previous studies applying...

Culture-specific familiarity equally mediates action representations across cultures.

Science.gov (United States)

Umla-Runge, Katja; Fu, Xiaolan; Wang, Lamei; Zimmer, Hubert D

2014-01-01

Previous studies have shown that we need to distinguish between means and end information about actions. It is unclear how these two subtypes of action information relate to each other with theoretical accounts postulating the superiority of end over means information and others linking separate means and end routes of processing to actions of differential meaningfulness. Action meaningfulness or familiarity differs between cultures. In a cross-cultural setting, we investigated how action familiarity influences recognition memory for means and end information. Object directed actions of differential familiarity were presented to Chinese and German participants. Action familiarity modulated the representation of means and end information in both cultures in the same way, although the effects were based on different stimulus sets. Our results suggest that, in the representation of actions in memory, end information is superordinate to means information. This effect is independent of culture whereas action familiarity is not.

RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO E ORGANIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO NO ASSENTAMENTO VEREDA I - PADRE BERNARDO (GO

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Leles Romarco Oliveira

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada no assentamento Vereda I localizado no município de Padre Bernardo, no estado de Goiás. Na região da pesquisa, diversos assentamentos foram criados ao final da década de 1990, por trabalhadores de origem rural que migraram, principalmente, do Nordeste brasileiro para trabalharem em Brasília, antes de chegarem no assentamento. Assim, esse espaço surgiu como um campo de possibilidade para que esses trabalhadores pudessem criar condições favoráveis de viver e produzir. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma caracterização geral das relações de trabalho, da organização da produção e o perfil tecnológico adotado pelos assentados. Como material e método a pesquisa privilegiou o estudo de caso, utilizando-se das entrevistas em profundidades como técnica principal para a coleta das informações. Ao final da pesquisa foi possível identificar que a falta de experiência com as terras do Cerrado, o desconhecimento de tecnologias apropriadas para a região, à falta de infraestrutura e de acompanhamento são apontados como os principais motivos dos baixos resultados na utilização dos créditos e na produção.

Effect of word familiarity on visually evoked magnetic fields.

Science.gov (United States)

Harada, N; Iwaki, S; Nakagawa, S; Yamaguchi, M; Tonoike, M

2004-11-30

This study investigated the effect of word familiarity of visual stimuli on the word recognizing function of the human brain. Word familiarity is an index of the relative ease of word perception, and is characterized by facilitation and accuracy on word recognition. We studied the effect of word familiarity, using "Hiragana" (phonetic characters in Japanese orthography) characters as visual stimuli, on the elicitation of visually evoked magnetic fields with a word-naming task. The words were selected from a database of lexical properties of Japanese. The four "Hiragana" characters used were grouped and presented in 4 classes of degree of familiarity. The three components were observed in averaged waveforms of the root mean square (RMS) value on latencies at about 100 ms, 150 ms and 220 ms. The RMS value of the 220 ms component showed a significant positive correlation (F=(3/36); 5.501; p=0.035) with the value of familiarity. ECDs of the 220 ms component were observed in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Increments in the RMS value of the 220 ms component, which might reflect ideographical word recognition, retrieving "as a whole" were enhanced with increments of the value of familiarity. The interaction of characters, which increased with the value of familiarity, might function "as a large symbol"; and enhance a "pop-out" function with an escaping character inhibiting other characters and enhancing the segmentation of the character (as a figure) from the ground.

Strangers in Familiar Places

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Muhr, Sara Louise

2012-01-01

Employees working across multiple cultures are exposed to a vast number of different norms and values, and consequentially work is often a struggle to retain a coherent sense of self. However, when international workers travel, they also encounter more bland spaces where familiarity and similarity...... are important. These spaces appear culturally generic to the Western traveler, but are highly Westernized to bring comfort to Western employees traveling in foreign cultures. This paper argues that these spaces are important in cross-cultural identity work in the sense that international workers – professional...... strangers – need these places to belong and relate to familiarity and to regain a sense of identity. Drawing on an illustrative empirical vignette of an international consultant, I demonstrate how culturally generic spaces can be used in identity work of an international relations consultant....

Characterizing episodic memory retrieval: electrophysiological evidence for diminished familiarity following unitization.

Science.gov (United States)

Pilgrim, Lea K; Murray, Jamie G; Donaldson, David I

2012-08-01

Episodic memory relies on both recollection and familiarity; why these processes are differentially engaged during retrieval remains unclear. Traditionally, recollection has been considered necessary for tasks requiring associative retrieval, whereas familiarity supports recognition of items. Recently, however, familiarity has been shown to contribute to associative recognition if stimuli are "unitized" at encoding (a single representation is created from multiple elements)-the "benefit" of unitization. Here, we ask if there is also a "cost" of unitization; are the elements of unitized representations less accessible via familiarity? We manipulated unitization during encoding and used ERPs to index familiarity and recollection at retrieval. The data revealed a selective reduction in the neural correlate of familiarity for individual words originally encoded in unitized compared with nonunitized word pairs. This finding reveals a measurable cost of unitization, suggesting that the nature of to-be-remembered stimuli is critical in determining whether familiarity contributes to episodic memory.

Ocio digital y ambiente familiar en estudiantes de Postobligatoria

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2017-01-01

Full Text Available La «Sociedad Red» se identifica con acelerados cambios que se suceden entre el mundo real y el virtual. El progreso de dispositivos digitales ha generado un nuevo modelo de ocio que ha condicionado las interacciones familiares. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar percibido por estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria postobligatoria y su práctica de ocio digital. La muestra ascendió a 1.764 estudiantes. El ocio digital se midió a partir de una pregunta abierta en la que debían señalar las tres actividades de ocio más importantes, y el funcionamiento familiar se valoró mediante la versión española del FACES IV (Escala de cohesión y adaptación familiar. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre las actividades de ocio digital de los jóvenes, se determinó el coeficiente del funcionamiento familiar de cada sujeto y mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA de un factor se valoró la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar percibido por los estudiantes y las actividades de ocio digital practicadas por los mismos. Los jóvenes otorgan importancia a las actividades digitales de ocio, destacando la participación en redes sociales, jugar a videojuegos y navegar por Internet. La cohesión, la flexibilidad y el funcionamiento familiar gozan de mejor salud cuando los hijos no apuntan actividades digitales entre sus prácticas preferentes de ocio. Los resultados sugieren nuevas investigaciones que comprueben si esta asociación negativa entre funcionamiento familiar y ocio digital es causal o se debe a otros factores.

Hiperlipidemia familiar combinada: documento de consenso

OpenAIRE

Pedro Mata; Rodrigo Alonso; Antonio Ruíz-Garcia; Jose L. Díaz-Díaz; Noemí González; Teresa Gijón-Conde; Ceferino Martínez-Faedo; Ignacio Morón; Ezequiel Arranz; Rocío Aguado; Rosa Argueso; Leopoldo Perez de Isla

2014-01-01

La hiperlipidemia familiar combinada (HFC) es un trastorno muy frecuente asociado a enfermedad coronaria prematura. Se transmite de forma autosómica dominante, aunque no existe un gen único asociado al trastorno. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante criterios clínicos, y son importantes la variabilidad del fenotipo lipídico y la historia familiar de hiperlipidemia. Es frecuente la asociación con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial y obesidad central. Los pacientes con HFC se cons...

Violencia familiar

OpenAIRE

Giraldo Arias, Regina; González Jaramillo, María Isabel; Beneroso, Julia; Betino, Lorena; Ceberio, Marcelo R.; De los Santos, Pía; Giovanazzi, Sandro; Hernández González, Eduardo; Inclan, Jaime; Laso, Esteban; Linares Fernández, Juan Luis; Morejón, Judith; Pereira Tercero, Roberto; Ramos, Ricardo; Ruiz López, Josefina

2009-01-01

Este libro reúne los pensamientos, las ideas, las propuestas y las experiencias en torno al tema de la violencia familiar de 20 autores sistémicos de habla hispana, entre ellos, algunos de los más reconocidos y destacados por sus contribuciones al paradigma en la posmodernidad. El contenido del texto, con los aportes de cada uno, ha sido cuidadosamente dispuesto por las editoras académicas, en una estructura que busca proporcionar a la complejidad del tema, un armonioso conjunto de los difere...

Social familiarity modulates group living and foraging behaviour of juvenile predatory mites

Science.gov (United States)

Strodl, Markus A.; Schausberger, Peter

2012-04-01

Environmental stressors during early life may have persistent consequences for phenotypic development and fitness. In group-living species, an important stressor during juvenile development is the presence and familiarity status of conspecific individuals. To alleviate intraspecific conflicts during juvenile development, many animals evolved the ability to discriminate familiar and unfamiliar individuals based on prior association and use this ability to preferentially associate with familiar individuals. Assuming that familiar neighbours require less attention than unfamiliar ones, as predicted by limited attention theory, assorting with familiar individuals should increase the efficiency in other tasks. We assessed the influence of social familiarity on within-group association behaviour, development and foraging of juvenile life stages of the group-living, plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. The observed groups consisted either of mixed-age familiar and unfamiliar juvenile mites or of age-synchronized familiar or unfamiliar juvenile mites or of pairs of familiar or unfamiliar larvae. Overall, familiar mites preferentially grouped together and foraged more efficiently, i.e. needed less prey at similar developmental speed and body size at maturity, than unfamiliar mites. Preferential association of familiar mites was also apparent in the inter-exuviae distances. Social familiarity was established by imprinting in the larval stage, was not cancelled or overridden by later conspecific contacts and persisted into adulthood. Life stage had an effect on grouping with larvae being closer together than nymphal stages. Ultimately, optimized foraging during the developmental phase may relax within-group competition, enhance current and future food supply needed for optimal development and optimize patch exploitation and leaving under limited food.

Preparing for novel versus familiar events: shifts in global and local processing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Förster, J.; Liberman, N.; Shapiro, O.

2009-01-01

Six experiments examined whether novelty versus familiarity influences global versus local processing styles. Novelty and familiarity were manipulated by either framing a task as new versus familiar or by asking participants to reflect upon novel versus familiar events prior to the task (i.e.,

Familiarity speeds up visual short-term memory consolidation.

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Weizhen; Zhang, Weiwei

2017-06-01

Existing long-term memory (LTM) can boost the number of retained representations over a short delay in visual short-term memory (VSTM). However, it is unclear whether and how prior LTM affects the initial process of transforming fragile sensory inputs into durable VSTM representations (i.e., VSTM consolidation). The consolidation speed hypothesis predicts faster consolidation for familiar relative to unfamiliar stimuli. Alternatively, the perceptual boost hypothesis predicts that the advantage in perceptual processing of familiar stimuli should add a constant boost for familiar stimuli during VSTM consolidation. To test these competing hypotheses, the present study examined how the large variance in participants' prior multimedia experience with Pokémon affected VSTM for Pokémon. In Experiment 1, the amount of time allowed for VSTM consolidation was manipulated by presenting consolidation masks at different intervals after the onset of to-be-remembered Pokémon characters. First-generation Pokémon characters that participants were more familiar with were consolidated faster into VSTM as compared with recent-generation Pokémon characters that participants were less familiar with. These effects were absent in participants who were unfamiliar with both generations of Pokémon. Although familiarity also increased the number of retained Pokémon characters when consolidation was uninterrupted but still incomplete due to insufficient encoding time in Experiment 1, this capacity effect was absent in Experiment 2 when consolidation was allowed to complete with sufficient encoding time. Together, these results support the consolidation speed hypothesis over the perceptual boost hypothesis and highlight the importance of assessing experimental effects on both processing and representation aspects of VSTM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Efeitos da governança corporativa e da performance empresarial sobre o turnover de executivos no Brasil: comparando empresas familiares e não-familiares.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wesley Mendes-da-Silva

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A análise da governança corporativa, incluindo-se a transparência da administração, tem se tornado um fator chave para conhecer as grandes empresas. Ao mesmo tempo, vem sendo apontada como um indicador de confiança dos investidores nas decisões tomadas pela administração das empresas listadas em bolsas de valores. Uma das formas de avaliar as estruturas e práticas de governança corporativa é verificar a sensibilidade do turnover de executivos ao desempenho da firma (VOLPIN, 2002. Neste artigo, objetiva-se verificar a existência de diferenças significativas de desempenho, valor e estruturas de governança corporativa entre empresas familiares e não-familiares; e, ainda, a existência de associações entre performance e turnover de executivos, tendo em vista a atuação da governança corporativa. A análise é conduzida tomando como referência um conjunto de 176 empresas industriais listadas na Bovespa, segmentadas por tipo (familiar ou não-familiar, entre 1997 e 2001. A contribuição do estudo se dá pelas peculiaridades que envolvem as empresas familiares, que não têm sido consideradas em pesquisas brasileiras, e pelo oferecimento de elementos para refletir teoricamente o desempenho das empresas familiares e suas estruturas de governança. Os resultados alcançados revelam a existência de diferenças significativas de desempenho, valor e estruturas de governança corporativa entre empresas familiares e não-familiares. É possível verificar ainda que, nas empresas familiares, quanto maior a rentabilidade, menores são os níveis de turnover.

Orientação familiar e seus efeitos na gagueira infantil Familiar counseling and its effects on childhood stuttering

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Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a contribuição da orientação familiar de curto prazo na fluência da fala de crianças com gagueira. MÉTODOS: Participaram 20 díades de crianças com gagueira e familiares. Os procedimentos foram realizados em três etapas: avaliação da fluência, orientações familiares e reavaliação da fluência. A avaliação inicial da fluência foi realizada para caracterizar a tipologia e a frequência das disfluências antes das orientações. A orientação familiar foi realizada em duas sessões, enfatizando os comportamentos verbais e não verbais da família que podem promover a fluência na criança. A reavaliação da fluência ocorreu depois de trinta dias, utilizando-se os mesmos procedimentos da avaliação inicial. Foi aplicado o Teste dos Postos Sinalizados de Wilcoxon, para medir o grau de significância da diferença entre as informações obtidas nas duas fases. RESULTADOS: No que se refere à tipologia, a análise comparativa das duas avaliações mostrou que, dentre os seis tipos de disfluências comuns, quatro diminuíram, e, dentre os seis tipos de disfluências gagas, cinco apresentaram redução. No que se refere à frequência das rupturas, 70% das crianças tiveram uma diminuição na porcentagem de descontinuidade de fala, e 80% no total de rupturas gagas. CONCLUSÃO: A orientação fonoaudiológica realizada com familiares de crianças com gagueira favoreceu a promoção da fluência na fala da criança, mostrando-se relevante na área da fluência infantil.PURPOSE: To determine the contribution of short-term familiar counseling in the speech fluency of children who stutter. METHODS: Participants were 20 dyads of child who stutters and a family member. Procedures were carried out in three stages: assessment of fluency, familiar counseling, and reassessment of fluency. The initial assessment of fluency was performed in order to characterize the type and frequency of disfluencies produced before

Competitividade da Agricultura Familiar no Rio Grande do SulI

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Eliane Pinheiro de Sousa

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetiva identificar os determinantes da competitividade da agricultura familiar nos municípios gaúchos; mensurar um índice de desempenho competitivo da agricultura familiar (IDAF em tais municípios; e verificar se há diferença significativa na competitividade da agricultura familiar entre as mesorregiões gaúchas. Para tal, utilizaram-se os métodos de estatística multivariada de análise fatorial e os testes paramétricos de Levene e t de Student para dados não pareados. Os resultados indicaram que apenas dois municípios gaúchos apresentaram alto nível de desempenho competitivo da agricultura familiar, considerando os parâmetros estabelecidos. Verificou-se também que há diferenças significativas na competitividade da agricultura familiar entre as mesorregiões gaúchas

Effects of visual familiarity for words on interhemispheric cooperation for lexical processing.

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Yoshizaki, K

2001-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of visual familiarity of words on interhemispheric lexical processing. Words and pseudowords were tachistoscopically presented in a left, a right, or bilateral visual fields. Two types of words, Katakana-familiar-type and Hiragana-familiar-type, were used as the word stimuli. The former refers to the words which are more frequently written with Katakana script, and the latter refers to the words which are written predominantly in Hiragana script. Two conditions for the words were set up in terms of visual familiarity for a word. In visually familiar condition, words were presented in familiar script form and in visually unfamiliar condition, words were presented in less familiar script form. The 32 right-handed Japanese students were asked to make a lexical decision. Results showed that a bilateral gain, which indicated that the performance in the bilateral visual fields was superior to that in the unilateral visual field, was obtained only in the visually familiar condition, not in the visually unfamiliar condition. These results suggested that the visual familiarity for a word had an influence on the interhemispheric lexical processing.

Is Familiarity a Moderator of Brand/Country Alliances? One More Look

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Tore Kristensen; Gorm Gabrielsen; Eugene D. Jaffe

2014-01-01

Product and brand familiarity have an important role in consumer choice behaviour and they have been equated with knowledge and experience Consumers having high and low familiarity utilized brand information (an extrinsic cue) in their evaluations, whereas moderately familiar consumers used intrinsic cues (product attributes) in evaluating products. The question of whether familiarity moderates the country-of-origin (COO) effect is a valid one. In this present paper, we attempt to provide add...

Familiarity, ambivalence, and firm reputation: is corporate fame a double-edged sword?

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Brooks, Margaret E; Highhouse, Scott; Russell, Steven S; Mohr, David C

2003-10-01

This research questioned the proposition that corporate familiarity is positively associated with firm reputation. Student images of familiar and unfamiliar Fortune 500 corporations were examined in 4 experiments. The results suggested that, consistent with behavioral decision theory and attitude theory, highly familiar corporations provide information that is more compatible with the tasks of both admiring and condemning than less familiar corporations. Furthermore, the judgment context may determine whether positive or negative judgments are reported about familiar companies. The notion that people can simultaneously hold contradictory images of well-known firms may help to explain the inconsistent findings on the relation between familiarity and reputation.

Clima familiar relacional nas familias adoptivas

OpenAIRE

Machado, Cláudia Sofia Canteiro

2010-01-01

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2010 A presente investigação insere-se no contexto das famílias adoptivas e procura, através de uma abordagem sistémica, compreender o Clima Familiar Relacional, explorando e aprofundando as inter-relações entre o funcionamento familiar, a satisfação conjugal e a parentalidade. O estudo exploratório foi realizado a 10 casais que a...

"La verdad sobre las empresas familiares"

OpenAIRE

Chavez Partida, Ma. Guadalupe

2011-01-01

En este trabajo se estudia principalmente, el cuidar el proyecto de la sucesión de la empresa a los familiares más jóvenes y para lo cual también se plantean algunas propuestas utilizando el modelo de los tres círculos. El modelo de los tres círculos ha tenido gran aceptación porque combina una elegancia teórica y una aplicabilidad inmediata. Es una herramienta muy útil para entender la fuente de los conflictos interpersonales, los roles, las prioridades y los límites de las empresas familiar...

Effects of symmetry and familiarity on the attractiveness of human faces

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Mentus Tatjana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The effects of both symmetry (perceptual factor and familiarity (cognitive factor on facial attractiveness were investigated. From the photographs of original slightly asymmetric faces, symmetric left-left (LL and right-right (RR versions were generated. Familiarity was induced in the learning block using the repetitive presentation of original faces. In the test block participants rated the attractiveness of original, previously seen (familiar faces, original, not previously seen faces, and both LL and RR versions of all faces. The analysis of variance showed main effects of symmetry. Post hoc tests revealed that asymmetric original faces were rated as more attractive than both LL and RR symmetric versions. Familiarity doesn’t have a significant main effect, but the symmetry-familiarity interaction was obtained. Additional post hoc tests indicated that facial attractiveness is positively associated with natural slight asymmetry rather than with perfect symmetry. Also, unfamiliar LL symmetric versions were rated as more attractive than familiar LL versions, whereas familiar RR versions were rated as more attractive than RR unfamiliar faces. These results suggested that symmetry (perceptual factor and familiarity (cognitive or memorial factor play differential roles in facial attractiveness, and indicate a relatively stronger effect of the perceptual compared to the cognitive factor. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON179018 i br. ON179033

Cooperativismo e Agricultura Familiar: um estudo de caso

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Marta Cleia Andrade

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho enfoca algumas práticas, vantagens e desafios enfrentados por agricultores familiares da cidade de Rubiataba, estado de Goiás, em direção à busca pelo fortalecimento da atividade produtiva. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as principais práticas, dificuldades e oportunidades encontradas pelos cooperados de uma cooperativa de agricultores familiares, denominada Cooperativa Mista de Agricultores Familiares de Rubiataba (COOMAFAR. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, e para a coleta de dados utilizaram-se questionários e entrevistas. Como resultado, a pesquisa aponta grande interesse dos produtores em diversificar a produção, agregar maior valor aos produtos, ter maior acesso ao mercado e com isso obter melhor competitividade. Mas esbarram em aspectos como a falta de incentivos do poder público, de recursos financeiros, qualificação técnica e escassez de mão de obra. Com esta pesquisa buscou-se colaborar para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre cooperativismo e agricultura familiar.

Positron-emission tomography of brain regions activated by recognition of familiar music.

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Satoh, M; Takeda, K; Nagata, K; Shimosegawa, E; Kuzuhara, S

2006-05-01

We can easily recognize familiar music by listening to only one or 2 of its opening bars, but the brain regions that participate in this cognitive processing remain undetermined. We used positron-emission tomography (PET) to study changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) that occur during listening to familiar music. We used a PET subtraction technique to elucidate the brain regions associated with the recognition of familiar melodies such as well-known nursery tunes. Nonmusicians performed 2 kinds of musical tasks: judging the familiarity of musical pieces (familiarity task) and detecting deliberately altered notes in the pieces (alteration-detecting task). During the familiarity task, bilateral anterior portions of bilateral temporal lobes, superior temporal regions, and parahippocampal gyri were activated. The alteration-detecting task bilaterally activated regions in the precunei, superior/inferior parietal lobules, and lateral surface of frontal lobes, which seemed to show a correlation with the analysis of music. We hypothesize that during the familiarity task, activated brain regions participate in retrieval from long-term memory and verbal and emotional processing of familiar melodies. Our results reinforced the hypothesis reported in the literature as a result of group and case studies, that temporal lobe regions participate in the recognition of familiar melodies.

The Lateral Occipital Complex shows no net response to object familiarity.

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Margalit, Eshed; Shah, Manan P; Tjan, Bosco S; Biederman, Irving; Keller, Brenton; Brenner, Rorry

2016-09-01

In 1995, Malach et al. discovered an area whose fMRI BOLD response was greater when viewing intact, familiar objects than when viewing their scrambled versions (resembling texture). Since then hundreds of studies have explored this late visual region termed the Lateral Occipital Complex (LOC), which is now known to be critical for shape perception (James, Culham, Humphrey, Milner, & Goodale, 2003). Malach et al. (1995) discounted a role of familiarity by showing that "abstract" Henry Moore sculptures, unfamiliar to the subjects, also activated this region. This characterization of LOC as a region that responds to shape independently of familiarity has been accepted but never tested with control of the same low-level features. We assessed LOC's response to objects that had identical parts in two different arrangements, one familiar and the other novel. Malach was correct: There is no net effect of familiarity in LOC. However, a multivoxel correlation analysis showed that LOC does distinguish familiar from novel objects.

Familiar shapes attract attention in figure-ground displays.

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Nelson, Rolf A; Palmer, Stephen E

2007-04-01

We report five experiments that explore the effect of figure-ground factors on attention. We hypothesized that figural cues, such as familiar shape, would draw attention to the figural side in an attentional cuing task using bipartite figure-ground displays. The first two experiments used faces in profile as the familiar shape and found a perceptual advantage for targets presented on the meaningful side of the central contour in detection speed (Experiment 1) and discrimination accuracy (Experiment 2). The third experiment demonstrated the figural advantage in response time (RT) with nine other familiar shapes (including a sea horse, a guitar, a fir tree, etc.), but only when targets appeared in close proximity to the contour. A fourth experiment obtained a figural advantage in a discrimination task with the larger set of familiar shapes. The final experiment ruled out eye movements as a possible confounding factor by replicating the RT advantage for targets on the figural side of face displays when all trials containing eye movements were eliminated. The results are discussed in terms of ecological influences on attention, and are cast within the framework of Yantis and Jonides's hypothesis that attention is exogenously drawn to the onset of new perceptual objects. We argue that the figural side constitutes an "object" whereas the ground side does not, and that figural cues such as shape familiarity are effective in determining which areas represent objects.

Musical familiarity in congenital amusia: evidence from a gating paradigm.

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Tillmann, Barbara; Albouy, Philippe; Caclin, Anne; Bigand, Emmanuel

2014-10-01

Congenital amusia has been described as a lifelong deficit of music perception and production, notably including amusic individuals' difficulties to recognize a familiar tune without the aid of lyrics. The present study aimed to evaluate whether amusic individuals might have acquired long-term knowledge of familiar music, and to test for the minimal amount of acoustic information necessary to access this knowledge (if any) in amusia. Segments of familiar and unfamiliar instrumental musical pieces were presented with increasing duration (250, 500, 1000 msec etc.), and participants provided familiarity judgments for each segment. Results showed that amusic individuals succeeded in differentiating familiar from unfamiliar excerpts with as little acoustic information as did control participants (i.e., within 500 msec). The findings reveal that amusic individuals have stored musical pieces in long-term memory (LTM), and, together with other recent findings, they suggest that congenital amusia might impair conscious access to music processing rather than music processing per se.

Estudo dos fatores que determinam a formação do capital social familiar em empresas familiares na região sul de Minas Gerais

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Daniela Meirelles Andrade

2013-09-01

Full Text Available No estudo aqui relatado identificaram-se os fatores que levam à formação do capital social familiar em empresas familiares. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se, como aporte teórico, a teoria do capital social e do capital social familiar. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, do tipo survey, em 120 empreendimentos familiares. Aplicou-se questionário, sob a forma de entrevista, a todos os empresários. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise fatorial. Os resultados foram apresentados em dois blocos: primeiro, a caracterização da amostra em relação ao perfil do respondente e ao perfil do empreendimento, bem como a apresentação da frequência de cada uma das assertivas; na segunda parte, foi feita a análise fatorial, após a qual foram identificados sete fatores relacionados com a formação do capital social familiar. São eles: diálogo colaborativo, rede familiar, infraestrutura moral, confiança, normas éticas, ideias próprias e canais de informação externos. O capital social familiar é solidificado por meio do diálogo colaborativo, a partir do qual é possível enraizar, na família e na empresa, as normas éticas, originando o que se chama de infraestrutura moral, quando a família e a empresa estão em sintonia interna e externa. Em um sentido contraditório, a ausência do diálogo colaborativo gera autoritarismo por parte dos dirigentes e membros da família, prevalecendo ideias próprias, as quais foram identificadas como fator contraditório à formação do capital social familiar.

Empresas familiares de inmigrantes en Barcelona y Montevideo

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Paola Martínez Pérez

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es observar las diferentes dimensiones que adquiere la familia en las empresas familiares de inmigrantes. En este caso, la propuesta metodológica es analizar, de forma comparativa, la realidad empresarial consolidada del colectivo gallego en Montevideo con las empresas familiares de inmigrantes de reciente creación en el área metropolitana en Barcelona.

Empresas familiares: conceptos, teorías y estructuras

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Raúl Francisco Quejada Pérez

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Este documento presenta aspectos conceptuales, teóricos, históricos y estructurales de las empresas familiares. Se destaca el rol que desempeñan en materia de generación de empleo y riqueza. También se analizan sus sistemas de gobierno corporativo, los cuales desembocan en la temática de continuidad generacional. La continuidad es entendida como una de las principales dificultades de estas organizaciones, debido a que sus directivos y/o propietarios no logran separar el papel del núcleo familiar y las decisiones organizacionales de las compañías. En este sentido, las estrategias de internacionalización y profesionalización representan el camino para garantizar la permanencia de las empresas familiares.

Rol de género y funcionamiento familiar

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Patricia Herrera Santi

2000-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se realiza un breve bosquejo del surgimiento y significación del rol de género y se relaciona con algunos de los indicadores de funcionamiento familiar, analizando en qué medida puede afectar la expresión favorable del mismo, alterar la dinámica interna de las relaciones familiares y actuar como factor patógeno en la salud familiarA brief sketch of the appearance and significance of the gender role is made in this paper. It is also related to some indicators of family functioning and it is analyzed to what extent this relationship may affect its favorable expression, alter the internal dynamics of the family relations and act as a pathogenic factor in family health

Influence of group member familiarity on online collaborative learning

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Janssen, J.J.H.M.; Erkens, G.; Kirschner, P.A.; Kanselaar, G.

2009-01-01

This study investigated the effects of group member familiarity during computer-supported collaborative learning. Familiarity may have an impact on online collaboration, because it may help group members to progress more quickly through the stages of group development, and may lead to higher group

Estructura familiar de usuarios de crack analizada con auxilio del genograma

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Maycon Rogério Seleghim

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: analizar la estructura familiar de usuarios de crack con la ayuda del genograma, identificando las relaciones y los antecedentes familiares de uso de drogas. Metodología: Investigación transversal, teniendo como referencial la Teoría General de Sistemas, particularmente el genograma. Participaron 15 familiares de usuarios habituales o dependientes de crack, en tratamiento en una Comunidad Terapéutica de Paraná, Brasil, en el mes de mayo de 2011. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y el cuestionario de clasificación económica. Los genogramas fueron analizados en un proceso semejante al del análisis de contenido. Resultados: El genograma incluyó 378 familiares; nueve familias eran nucleares, y todas presentaron por lo menos una relación armoniosa con un miembro familiar. Catorce familias presentaban antecedentes de uso de drogas. Conclusión: Se evidenció la reproducción multi-generacional de comportamientos asociados al uso de drogas, con la influencia de aspectos culturales y valores familiares.

Sex differences in attraction to familiar and unfamiliar opposite-sex faces: men prefer novelty and women prefer familiarity.

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Little, Anthony C; DeBruine, Lisa M; Jones, Benedict C

2014-07-01

Familiarity is attractive in many types of stimuli and exposure generally increases feelings of liking. However, men desire a greater number of sexual partners than women, suggesting a preference for novelty. We examined sex differences in preferences for familiarity. In Study 1 (N = 83 women, 63 men), we exposed individuals to faces twice and found that faces were judged as more attractive on the second rating, reflecting attraction to familiar faces, with the exception that men's ratings of female faces decreased on the second rating, demonstrating attraction to novelty. In Studies 2 (N = 42 women, 28 men) and 3 (N = 51 women, 25 men), exposure particularly decreased men's ratings of women's attractiveness for short-term relationships and their sexiness. In Study 4 (N = 64 women, 50 men), women's attraction to faces was positively related to self-rated similarity to their current partner's face, while the effect was significantly weaker for men. Potentially, men's attraction to novelty may reflect an adaptation promoting the acquisition of a high number of sexual partners.

EFEKTIVITAS SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING: PERAN BRAND FAMILIARITY DAN KONGRUENSI ENDORSER

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Sony Kusumasondjaja

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This study examined the impact of brand familiarity and endorsers’ congruence with product being advertised on consumer responses to social media advertising in Twitter. Findings suggested that the product with a familiar brand endorsed by celebrity with high image congruence led to greater consumer trust, more positive attitude, and greater purchase intention than any other familiarity-congruence combinations. Interestingly, for unfamiliar brand, there is no significant difference between high and low endorsers’ congruence.

Proverb comprehension in youth: the role of concreteness and familiarity.

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Nippold, M A; Haq, F S

1996-02-01

This study examined factors that were posited to play an important role in the development of proverb comprehension in school-age children and adolescents, namely, the concreteness and the familiarity of the expressions. Normally achieving students enrolled in Grades 5, 8, and 11 (n = 180) were administered a written forced-choice task that contained eight instances of four different types of proverbs: concrete-familiar ("A rolling stone gathers no moss"); concrete-unfamiliar ("A caged bird longs for the clouds"); abstract-familiar ("Two wrongs don't make a right"); and abstract-unfamiliar ("Of idleness comes no goodness"). Performance on the task steadily improved as a function of increasing grade level and, as predicted, the expressions proved to be differentially challenging: Concrete proverbs were easier to understand than abstract proverbs, and familiar proverbs were easier to understand than unfamiliar proverbs. The results concerning concreteness support the "metasemantic" hypothesis, the view that comprehension develops through active analysis of the words contained in proverbs. The results concerning familiarity support the "language experience" hypothesis, the view that comprehension develops through meaningful exposure to proverbs.

Soporte social, familiar y autoconcepto: relación entre los constructos

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Makilim Nunes Baptista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue verificar las asociaciones entre el soporte social, el soporte familiar y el autoconcepto en un grupo de hombres y mujeres. En el caso de los hombres hubo correlaciones negativas entre el soporte familiar y los factores negligencia, agresividad e indiferencia del instrumento de autoconcepto. En el grupo de mujeres el soporte familiar total fue correlacionado positivamente con sensualidad y responsabilidad, y negativamente con inseguridad, siendo las tres medidas del instrumento de autoconcepto. Al considerar las relaciones entre el soporte familiar y el soporte social, todas fueron positivas, tanto en los hombres como en las mujeres.

Revisiting the earliest electrophysiological correlate of familiar face recognition.

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Huang, Wanyi; Wu, Xia; Hu, Liping; Wang, Lei; Ding, Yulong; Qu, Zhe

2017-10-01

The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to reinvestigate the earliest face familiarity effect (FFE: ERP differences between familiar and unfamiliar faces) that genuinely reflects cognitive processes underlying recognition of familiar faces in long-term memory. To trigger relatively early FFEs, participants were required to categorize upright and inverted famous faces and unknown faces in a task that placed high demand on face recognition. More importantly, to determine whether an observed FFE was linked to on-line face recognition, systematical investigation about the relationship between the FFE and behavioral performance of face recognition was conducted. The results showed significant FFEs on P1, N170, N250, and P300 waves. The FFEs on occipital P1 and N170 (faces, and were not correlated with any behavioral measure (accuracy, response time) or modulated by learning, indicating that they might merely reflect low-level visual differences between face sets. In contrast, the later FFEs on occipito-temporal N250 (~230ms) and centro-parietal P300 (~350ms) showed consistent polarities for upright and inverted faces. The N250 FFE was individually correlated with recognition speed for upright faces, and could be obtained for inverted faces through learning. The P300 FFE was also related to behavior in many aspects. These findings provide novel evidence supporting that cognitive discrimination of familiar and unfamiliar faces starts no less than 200ms after stimulus onset, and the familiarity effect on N250 may be the first electrophysiological correlate underlying recognition of familiar faces in long-term memory. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Familiarity and Voice Representation: From Acoustic-Based Representation to Voice Averages

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Maureen Fontaine

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The ability to recognize an individual from their voice is a widespread ability with a long evolutionary history. Yet, the perceptual representation of familiar voices is ill-defined. In two experiments, we explored the neuropsychological processes involved in the perception of voice identity. We specifically explored the hypothesis that familiar voices (trained-to-familiar (Experiment 1, and famous voices (Experiment 2 are represented as a whole complex pattern, well approximated by the average of multiple utterances produced by a single speaker. In experiment 1, participants learned three voices over several sessions, and performed a three-alternative forced-choice identification task on original voice samples and several “speaker averages,” created by morphing across varying numbers of different vowels (e.g., [a] and [i] produced by the same speaker. In experiment 2, the same participants performed the same task on voice samples produced by familiar speakers. The two experiments showed that for famous voices, but not for trained-to-familiar voices, identification performance increased and response times decreased as a function of the number of utterances in the averages. This study sheds light on the perceptual representation of familiar voices, and demonstrates the power of average in recognizing familiar voices. The speaker average captures the unique characteristics of a speaker, and thus retains the information essential for recognition; it acts as a prototype of the speaker.

Familias con Adultos Quirúrgicos: Riesgo y Salud Familiar. 2007-2010

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Luz Amparo Leyva Morales

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Estudio descriptivo cuantitativo que caracterizó familias con adultos quirúrgicos en la Unidad Hospitalaria "Clínica San Pedro Claver", apoyado en la Teoría de Riesgo Familiar Total (1 y Organización Sistémica de Friedman (2 Utilizó los instrumentos: Riesgo Familiar Total RFT: 6-69 y Salud Familiar General ISF: GEN 25, diseñados, validados para población colombiana por Amaya P. con validez y confiabilidad comprobados internacionalmente. La muestra de 202 familias residentes en Bogotá con adultos quirúrgicos institucionalizados, total 928 personas que fueron en 65% adultos. Predominó familia nuclear (43% con promedio cuatro personas por familia en la vivienda. El Riesgo Familiar Total fue riesgo bajo en un 88% y el 12% fue de familias amenazadas: 11% riesgo medio y solo 1% alto. La categoría de mayor riesgo corresponde a Servicios y Prácticas de Salud, en donde riesgo medio y alto suman 46%. Las categorías Condiciones de Vivienda y Vecindario y Condición Socioeconómica el riesgo medio y alto suman respectivamente 7% y 8%. La medición de la salud familiar fue Poco Organizada (49%, aunque Satisfecha (84%. Todas las familias requieren intervención en promoción de la salud, prevención y control del riesgo familiar total y salud familiar.

The sensorimotor contributions to implicit memory, familiarity, and recollection.

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Topolinski, Sascha

2012-05-01

The sensorimotor contributions to memory for prior occurrence were investigated. Previous research has shown that both implicit memory and familiarity draw on gains in stimulus-related processing fluency for old, compared with novel, stimuli, but recollection does not. Recently, it has been demonstrated that processing fluency itself resides in stimulus-specific motor simulations or reenactment (e.g., covert pronouncing simulations for words as stimuli). Combining these lines of evidence, it was predicted that stimulus-specific motor interference preventing simulations should impair both implicit memory and familiarity but leave recollection unaffected. This was tested for words as verbal stimuli associated to pronouncing simulations in the oral muscle system (but also for tunes as vocal stimuli and their associated vocal system, Experiment 2). It was found that oral (e.g., chewing gum), compared with manual (kneading a ball), motor interference prevented mere exposure effects (Experiments 1-2), substantially reduced repetition priming in word fragment completion (Experiment 3), reduced the familiarity estimates in a remember-know task (Experiment 5) and in receiver-operating characteristics (Experiment 6), and completely neutralized familiarity measured by self-reports (Experiment 4) and skin conductance responses (Experiment 7), while leaving recollection and free recall unaffected (across Experiments 1-7). This pattern establishes a rare memory dissociation in healthy participants, that is, explicit without implicit memory or recognizing without feeling familiar. Implications for embodied memory and neuropsychology are discussed.

The Role of Familiarity for Representations in Norm-Based Face Space.

Science.gov (United States)

Faerber, Stella J; Kaufmann, Jürgen M; Leder, Helmut; Martin, Eva Maria; Schweinberger, Stefan R

2016-01-01

According to the norm-based version of the multidimensional face space model (nMDFS, Valentine, 1991), any given face and its corresponding anti-face (which deviates from the norm in exactly opposite direction as the original face) should be equidistant to a hypothetical prototype face (norm), such that by definition face and anti-face should bear the same level of perceived typicality. However, it has been argued that familiarity affects perceived typicality and that representations of familiar faces are qualitatively different (e.g., more robust and image-independent) from those for unfamiliar faces. Here we investigated the role of face familiarity for rated typicality, using two frequently used operationalisations of typicality (deviation-based: DEV), and distinctiveness (face in the crowd: FITC) for faces of celebrities and their corresponding anti-faces. We further assessed attractiveness, likeability and trustworthiness ratings of the stimuli, which are potentially related to typicality. For unfamiliar faces and their corresponding anti-faces, in line with the predictions of the nMDFS, our results demonstrate comparable levels of perceived typicality (DEV). In contrast, familiar faces were perceived much less typical than their anti-faces. Furthermore, familiar faces were rated higher than their anti-faces in distinctiveness, attractiveness, likability and trustworthiness. These findings suggest that familiarity strongly affects the distribution of facial representations in norm-based face space. Overall, our study suggests (1) that familiarity needs to be considered in studies of mental representations of faces, and (2) that familiarity, general distance-to-norm and more specific vector directions in face space make different and interactive contributions to different types of facial evaluations.

The Role of Familiarity for Representations in Norm-Based Face Space.

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Stella J Faerber

Full Text Available According to the norm-based version of the multidimensional face space model (nMDFS, Valentine, 1991, any given face and its corresponding anti-face (which deviates from the norm in exactly opposite direction as the original face should be equidistant to a hypothetical prototype face (norm, such that by definition face and anti-face should bear the same level of perceived typicality. However, it has been argued that familiarity affects perceived typicality and that representations of familiar faces are qualitatively different (e.g., more robust and image-independent from those for unfamiliar faces. Here we investigated the role of face familiarity for rated typicality, using two frequently used operationalisations of typicality (deviation-based: DEV, and distinctiveness (face in the crowd: FITC for faces of celebrities and their corresponding anti-faces. We further assessed attractiveness, likeability and trustworthiness ratings of the stimuli, which are potentially related to typicality. For unfamiliar faces and their corresponding anti-faces, in line with the predictions of the nMDFS, our results demonstrate comparable levels of perceived typicality (DEV. In contrast, familiar faces were perceived much less typical than their anti-faces. Furthermore, familiar faces were rated higher than their anti-faces in distinctiveness, attractiveness, likability and trustworthiness. These findings suggest that familiarity strongly affects the distribution of facial representations in norm-based face space. Overall, our study suggests (1 that familiarity needs to be considered in studies of mental representations of faces, and (2 that familiarity, general distance-to-norm and more specific vector directions in face space make different and interactive contributions to different types of facial evaluations.

Teoria social, agricultura familiar e pluriatividade

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Schneider Sérgio

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura apresentar um referencial de análise que permita entender a pluriatividade como um estratégia de reprodução social e econômica das famílias rurais. O tema central trata a agricultura familiar e a pluriatividade do ponto de vista teórico e conceitual. Situa-se o contexto em que aparece o estudo da agricultura familiar e da pluriatividade no Brasil e discute-se a origem e a evolução do debate sobre a pluriatividade, uma situação eminentemente relacionada à realidade dos países desenvolvidos. Situam-se, ainda, as análises sobre a pluriatividade no contexto das tradições teóricas clássicas dos estudos agrários, mostrando como esse fenômeno já fora objeto de preocupação de outros autores. Analisa-se, em seguida, a pluriatividade no âmbito das principais abordagens analíticas contemporâneas da teoria social e indica-se qual o referencial teórico que parece adequado ao seu estudo. Por fim, é indicada uma perspectiva metodológica para o estudo da pluriatividade em unidades familiares.

The role of oxytocin in familiarization-habituation responses to social novelty

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Mattie eTops

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Stress or arousal responses to novel social contexts ease off when individuals get familiar with the social context. In the present study we investigated whether oxytocin is involved in this process of familiarization-habituation, as oxytocin is known to increase trust and decrease anxiety. Fifty-nine healthy female subjects took part in the same experimental procedure in two sessions separated by four weeks. In the first (novelty session state trust scores were significantly positively correlated with salivary oxytocin levels, while in the second (familiarity session state trust scores were significantly negatively correlated with salivary oxytocin levels. In a path model, oxytocin was associated with increased trust in the novelty session and trust was associated with decreased oxytocin levels in the familiarity session. The results are consistent with the idea that oxytocin decreases stress-to-novelty responses by promoting familiarization to novel social contexts.

Effects of Individual Health Topic Familiarity on Activity Patterns During Health Information Searches

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Moriyama, Koichi; Fukui, Ken–ichi; Numao, Masayuki

2015-01-01

Background Non-medical professionals (consumers) are increasingly using the Internet to support their health information needs. However, the cognitive effort required to perform health information searches is affected by the consumer’s familiarity with health topics. Consumers may have different levels of familiarity with individual health topics. This variation in familiarity may cause misunderstandings because the information presented by search engines may not be understood correctly by the consumers. Objective As a first step toward the improvement of the health information search process, we aimed to examine the effects of health topic familiarity on health information search behaviors by identifying the common search activity patterns exhibited by groups of consumers with different levels of familiarity. Methods Each participant completed a health terminology familiarity questionnaire and health information search tasks. The responses to the familiarity questionnaire were used to grade the familiarity of participants with predefined health topics. The search task data were transcribed into a sequence of search activities using a coding scheme. A computational model was constructed from the sequence data using a Markov chain model to identify the common search patterns in each familiarity group. Results Forty participants were classified into L1 (not familiar), L2 (somewhat familiar), and L3 (familiar) groups based on their questionnaire responses. They had different levels of familiarity with four health topics. The video data obtained from all of the participants were transcribed into 4595 search activities (mean 28.7, SD 23.27 per session). The most frequent search activities and transitions in all the familiarity groups were related to evaluations of the relevancy of selected web pages in the retrieval results. However, the next most frequent transitions differed in each group and a chi-squared test confirmed this finding (Pinformation search patterns

Episodic and Semantic Memory Contribute to Familiar and Novel Episodic Future Thinking.

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Wang, Tong; Yue, Tong; Huang, Xi Ting

2016-01-01

Increasing evidence indicates that episodic future thinking (EFT) relies on both episodic and semantic memory; however, event familiarity may importantly affect the extent to which episodic and semantic memory contribute to EFT. To test this possibility, two behavioral experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, we directly compared the proportion of episodic and semantic memory used in an EFT task. The results indicated that more episodic memory was used when imagining familiar future events compared with novel future events. Conversely, significantly more semantic memory was used when imagining novel events compared with familiar events. Experiment 2 aimed to verify the results of Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, we found that familiarity moderated the effect of priming the episodic memory system on EFT; particularly, it increased the time required to construct a standard familiar episodic future event, but did not significantly affect novel episodic event reaction time. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that event familiarity importantly moderates episodic and semantic memory's contribution to EFT.

Comprendiendo la convivencia familiar en presencia del trastorno bipolar Understanding the familiar living in the presence of bipolar disorder

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Ricardo Alberto Moreno

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El entendimiento de la familia sobre el trastorno bipolar es vital para su participación en el tratamiento. Con la investigación cualitativa de tipo etnográfico se buscó comprender el significado cultural de la convivencia familiar. Esta se realizó en una ciudad del interior del Estado de São Paulo (Brasil. Los datos fueron obtenidos por la observación participante y entrevistas. Fue respetado el rigor investigativo y los aspectos éticos. Participaron 25 personas (portadores y familiares. Las categorías identificadas fueron: convivencia intra-familiar conflictiva, relaciones extra-familiares perjudicadas, rutinas diarias alteradas, repercusiones en el presupuesto familiar, estigma y prejuicio. El tema cultural encontrado fue: "De la angustia inicial al enfrentamiento por una mejor calidad de vida". Las familias perciben que el programa psicoeducativo abierto, asociado al tratamiento farmacológico, constituye una forma rica de aprendizaje sobre la enfermedad y sobre las formas de ayuda necesarias para alcanzar la estabilización del humor.Understanding family life in the presence of bipolar disorder is vital to their participation in the treatment. Through qualitative ethnographic research, carried out in a medium - sized town, in the State of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil, we aimed at better understanding family life in the presence of bipolar disorder. Patients and their families participated in the research, which included 25 individuals. Participant observation and interviews were used for data collection, which was carried out in accordance to ethical principles and scientific rigor. Data analysis identified the following categories: conflictive family life; impaired relationships with people outside the immediate family; disturbed daily routine; impact on family budget; stigma and prejudice. The cultural theme "From Initial Distress to Coping and Achieving a Better Quality of Life" emerged. Families perceived the

The Neuropsychology of Familiar Person Recognition from Face and Voice

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Guido Gainotti

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Prosopagnosia has been considered for a long period of time as the most important and almost exclusive disorder in the recognition of familiar people. In recent years, however, this conviction has been undermined by the description of patients showing a concomitant defect in the recognition of familiar faces and voices as a consequence of lesions encroaching upon the right anterior temporal lobe (ATL. These new data have obliged researchers to reconsider on one hand the construct of ‘associative prosopagnosia’ and on the other hand current models of people recognition. A systematic review of the patterns of familiar people recognition disorders observed in patients with right and left ATL lesions has shown that in patients with right ATL lesions face familiarity feelings and the retrieval of person-specific semantic information from faces are selectively affected, whereas in patients with left ATL lesions the defect selectively concerns famous people naming. Furthermore, some patients with right ATL lesions and intact face familiarity feelings show a defect in the retrieval of person-specific semantic knowledge greater from face than from name. These data are at variance with current models assuming: (a that familiarity feelings are generated at the level of person identity nodes (PINs where information processed by various sensory modalities converge, and (b that PINs provide a modality-free gateway to a single semantic system, where information about people is stored in an amodal format. They suggest, on the contrary: (a that familiarity feelings are generated at the level of modality-specific recognition units; (b that face and voice recognition units are represented more in the right than in the left ATLs; (c that in the right ATL are mainly stored person-specific information based on a convergence of perceptual information, whereas in the left ATLs are represented verbally-mediated person-specific information.

A model of ant route navigation driven by scene familiarity.

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Bart Baddeley

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we propose a model of visually guided route navigation in ants that captures the known properties of real behaviour whilst retaining mechanistic simplicity and thus biological plausibility. For an ant, the coupling of movement and viewing direction means that a familiar view specifies a familiar direction of movement. Since the views experienced along a habitual route will be more familiar, route navigation can be re-cast as a search for familiar views. This search can be performed with a simple scanning routine, a behaviour that ants have been observed to perform. We test this proposed route navigation strategy in simulation, by learning a series of routes through visually cluttered environments consisting of objects that are only distinguishable as silhouettes against the sky. In the first instance we determine view familiarity by exhaustive comparison with the set of views experienced during training. In further experiments we train an artificial neural network to perform familiarity discrimination using the training views. Our results indicate that, not only is the approach successful, but also that the routes that are learnt show many of the characteristics of the routes of desert ants. As such, we believe the model represents the only detailed and complete model of insect route guidance to date. What is more, the model provides a general demonstration that visually guided routes can be produced with parsimonious mechanisms that do not specify when or what to learn, nor separate routes into sequences of waypoints.

Coping with divided attention: the advantage of familiarity.

OpenAIRE

Griffiths, S. W.; Brockmark, S.; Höjesjö, J.; Johnsson, J. I.

2004-01-01

The ability of an animal to perform a task successfully is limited by the amount of attention being simultaneously focused on other activities. One way in which individuals might reduce the cost of divided attention is by preferentially focusing on the most beneficial tasks. In territorial animals where aggression is lower among familiar individuals, the decision to associate preferentially with familiar conspecifics may therefore confer advantages by allowing attention to be switched from ag...

The effects of advertisement location and familiarity on selective attention.

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Jessen, Tanja Lund; Rodway, Paul

2010-06-01

This study comprised two experiments to examine the distracting effects of advertisement familiarity, location, and onset on the performance of a selective attention task. In Exp. 1, familiar advertisements presented in peripheral vision disrupted selective attention when the attention task was more demanding, suggesting that the distracting effect of advertisements is a product of task demands and advertisement familiarity and location. In Exp. 2, the onset of the advertisement shortly before, or after, the attention task captured attention and disrupted attentional performance. The onset of the advertisement before the attention task reduced target response time without an increase in errors and therefore facilitated performance. Despite being instructed to ignore the advertisements, the participants were able to recall a substantial proportion of the familiar advertisements. Implications for the presentation of advertisements during human-computer interaction were discussed.

LAFD: TA-55 General Facility Familiarization Tour, Course #55261

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutherford, Victor Stephen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Miller, Joshua [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Mason, Robert Clifford [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2018-01-10

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) will conduct familiarization tours for personnel of the Los Alamos County Fire Department (LAFD) at the TA-55 General Facility. These familiarization tours are official LANL business; the purpose of these tours is to orient LAFD firefighters to the facility so that they can respond efficiently and quickly to a variety of emergency situations. This orientation includes, among other topics, ingress and egress of the area and buildings, layout and organization of the facility, evacuation procedures and assembly points, and areas of concern within the various buildings at the facility. LAFD firefighters have the skills and abilities to perform firefighting operations and other emergency response tasks that cannot be provided by LANL personnel who have the required clearance level. This handout provides details of the information, along with maps and diagrams, to be presented during the familiarization tours. The handout will be distributed to the trainees at the time of the tour. A corresponding checklist will also be used as guidance during the familiarization tours to ensure that all required information is presented to LAFD personnel.

LAFD: TA-16 HE Facility Familiarization Tour, OJT 55258

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutherford, Victor Stephen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-05-31

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) will conduct familiarization tours for personnel of the Los Alamos County Fire Department (LAFD) at TA-16 high explosives (HE) facilities. These familiarization tours are official LANL business; the purpose of these tours is to orient LAFD firefighters to the facility so that they can respond efficiently and quickly to a variety of emergency situations. This orientation includes, among other topics, ingress and egress of the area and buildings, layout and organization of the facility, evacuation procedures and assembly points, and areas of concern within the various buildings at the facility. LAFD firefighters have the skills and abilities to perform firefighting operations and other emergency response tasks that cannot be provided by LANL personnel who have the required clearance. This handout provides details of the information, along with maps and diagrams, to be presented during the familiarization tours. The handout will be distributed to the trainees at the time of the tour. A corresponding checklist will also be used as guidance during the familiarization tours to ensure that all required information is presented to LAFD personnel.

Significado do cuidado familiar à mulher mastectomizada Significado de la atención familiar a la mujer mastectomizada Meaning of family care to mastectomized women

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Ana Fátima Carvalho Fernandes

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se compreender o significado do cuidado familiar prestado à mulher mastectomizada. Estudo qualitativo, cujo referencial teórico utilizado foi o Interacionismo Simbólico, e o metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Entrevistaram-se 11 familiares entre julho e agosto de 2008. Os resultados evidenciaram os seguintes fenômenos: enfrentamento das dificuldades da família para cuidar, diagnóstico de câncer de mama defrontado pela família e cuidado familiar percebido após a cirurgia. Concluiuse que, apesar de os participantes valorizarem o cuidado familiar, alguns se sentiam despreparados para assumi-lo efetivamente. Considera-se a relação familiar consistente uma estratégia fundamental para a reabilitação da mulher mastectomizada.El objetivo del estudio fue comprender el significado de la atención familiar a las mujeres mastectomizadas. Estudio cualitativo, cuyo marco teórico fue la Interacción Simbólica y Metodológica, la Teoría Fundamentada. Fueron entrevistadas 11 familias entre julio y agosto de 2008. Los resultados señalaron los siguientes fenómenos: hacer frente a las dificultades de la familia en la atención a la mujer mastectomizada, el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama enfrentado por la familia y el cuidado familiar percibido después de la cirugía. Se concluyó que, aunque los participantes valoren la atención familiar, algunos se sentían sin preparo para asumirlo con eficacia. Se considera que la relación familiar consistente una estrategia clave para la rehabilitación de mujeres mastectomizadas.It was aimed to understand the meaning of family care offered to mastectomized women. This is a qualitative study that used as theoretical reference the symbolic and methodological Interactionism and the Grounded Theory. 11 relatives were interviewed between July and August 2008. The results showed the following phenomena: facing family difficulty to take care, facing the diagnosis of breast cancer in the

Vivências pessoais e familiares de homossexuais femininas Vivencias personales y familiares de homosexuales femeninas Lesbians' personal and family experiences

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Yáskara Arrial Palma

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho, teve como objetivo descrever as vivências pessoais e familiares de homossexuais femininas. Foram entrevistadas seis mulheres, residentes em Caxias do Sul e região, de 22 a 33 anos, cujos familiares conheciam sua orientação sexual. Todas eram solteiras e de nível socioeconômico médio, e exerciam alguma atividade profissional. Uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas gerou diversas categorias e subcategorias temáticas. Em geral, a homossexualidade foi considerada normal/natural, uma situação que trouxe felicidade para as participantes, apesar dos preconceitos enfrentados. Na percepção delas, a reação dos familiares quando da descoberta da sua orientação sexual foi negativa, tendo melhorado ao longo do tempo em alguns casos. Tais achados revelaram uma mudança social na forma de pensar e agir diante da homossexualidade feminina, porém ainda lenta e gradual. Ficou evidenciada a necessidade de atuação da psicologia através de programas de atendimento às famílias e às homossexuais.Ese trabajo objetivó describir las vivencias personales y familiares de homosexuales femeninas. Seis mujeres (22 a 33 años, de Caxias del Sur y región, cuyos familiares conocían su orientación sexual, fueron entrevistadas. Todas eran solteras, de nivel socio-económico medio y ejercían alguna actividad profesional. Análisis de contenido cualitativa de las entrevistas generó diversas categorías y subcategorías temáticas. En general, la homosexualidad fue considerada normal/natural, una condición que trajo felicidad, a pesar de los prejuicios enfrentados. Las participantes consideraron negativa la reacción de los familiares frente a la descubierta de su orientación sexual, lo que ha mejorado a lo largo del tiempo en algunos casos. Tales resultados revelaron un cambio social en la manera de pensar y actuar delante de la homosexualidad femenina, sin embargo aún lenta y gradual. Se quedó evidenciada la

Prior Familiarization With Takeover Requests Affects Drivers' Takeover Performance and Automation Trust.

Science.gov (United States)

Hergeth, Sebastian; Lorenz, Lutz; Krems, Josef F

2017-05-01

The objective for this study was to investigate the effects of prior familiarization with takeover requests (TORs) during conditional automated driving on drivers' initial takeover performance and automation trust. System-initiated TORs are one of the biggest concerns for conditional automated driving and have been studied extensively in the past. Most, but not all, of these studies have included training sessions to familiarize participants with TORs. This makes them hard to compare and might obscure first-failure-like effects on takeover performance and automation trust formation. A driving simulator study compared drivers' takeover performance in two takeover situations across four prior familiarization groups (no familiarization, description, experience, description and experience) and automation trust before and after experiencing the system. As hypothesized, prior familiarization with TORs had a more positive effect on takeover performance in the first than in a subsequent takeover situation. In all groups, automation trust increased after participants experienced the system. Participants who were given no prior familiarization with TORs reported highest automation trust both before and after experiencing the system. The current results extend earlier findings suggesting that prior familiarization with TORs during conditional automated driving will be most relevant for takeover performance in the first takeover situation and that it lowers drivers' automation trust. Potential applications of this research include different approaches to familiarize users with automated driving systems, better integration of earlier findings, and sophistication of experimental designs.

Familias en el trabajo: Estrategias de afrontamiento de grupos microempresarios familiares

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María Amarís

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Las microempresas colombianas ocupan un segmento importante de la economía del país, siendo fundamentalmente de tipo familiar. En estas microempresas se manifiesta una dinámica caracterizada por ser punto de encuentro entre el ámbito laboral y el familiar, lo que permite diferenciarlas de otro tipo de negocios no parentales. Este estudio, de tipo cualitativo, tuvo como propósito comprender cómo se enfrentan las situaciones adversas en el contexto familiar y organizacional de las familias microempresarias. Por esta razón, se analizan las estrategias de afrontamiento de dos grupos microempresarios familiares ubicados en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Caribe colombiano por medio del método de estudio de casos, usando la entrevista abierta y a profundidad como instrumento de recolección de datos. Para analizar la experiencia subjetiva de la persona se empleó el método del análisis de discurso de Giorgi y Giorgi (2003, donde ésta se analiza desde una perspectiva gadameriana (Gadamer, 1960;1989. Como principal resultado se destaca que, ante situaciones adversas en los ámbitos familiar y empresarial, las estrategias de afrontamiento familiares mayormente empleadas por ambas familias microempresarias son el apoyo social y la reestructuración.

Importancia del apoyo familiar en el control de la glucemia

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RODRÍGUEZ-MORÁN MARTHA

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la importancia del apoyo familiar en el control de la glucemia en diabéticos no insulino dependientes. Material y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles, considerando como casos a los pacientes con glucemia o = 140 mg/dl. El apoyo familiar se determinó con el cuestionario Environmental Barriers to Adherence Scales, que estima el apoyo otorgado para que el paciente siga las indicaciones terapéuticas. Se incluyeron 32 casos y 50 controles. Resultados. El apoyo familiar que recibe el paciente se asocia significativamente a la presencia de glucemia <140 mg/dl (razón de momios = 3.9; IC95% 1.4-11.1. Las demás variables no mostraron asociación significativa. Conclusiones. El apoyo familiar que reciben los enfermos influye en el control de la glucemia.

Riesgo familiar total en salud y grado de salud familiar en las familias de los pacientes con diagnostico de síndrome coronario agudo

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Ruby Elizabeth Vargas-Toloza

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: identificar el riesgo familiar total en salud y grado de salud familiar en las familias de los pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo de la Clínica San José de Cúcuta. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo transversal; en el que se calculó una muestra de 165 familias por muestreo no probabilístico. La recolección de la información se realizo por medio de los instrumentos RFT: 5-33 y ISF GEN-21 donde se clasifico el riesgo familiar total y se percibió el grado de salud familiar. Resultados: se evidencia que las familias están conformes con el modelo habitual de organización familiar en función de cada uno de los integrantes y del grupo como tal. Lo cual nos indica que toda la familia del paciente coronario lo ayuda a sobrellevar el proceso de salud-enfermedad y tiene claro el papel que juega dentro de ella permitiendo así la funcionalidad y la unidad que requiere este tipo de pacientes para su rehabilitación. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo biológicos, sociales y del medio ambiente que clasifican a la población estudiada dentro de riesgo familiar bajo. Se evidenció un alto grado de organización y satisfacción asegurando en gran medida la adaptación y el éxito de las familias frente al proceso de salud- enfermedad por la que atraviesan algunos de los miembros especialmente si es un paciente coronario.

Reflexiones acerca de la salud familiar

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Idarmis González Benítez

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Con el presente trabajo nos propusimos hacer una revisión de un conjunto de aspectos relacionados con la salud familiar, considerando ésta como un proceso único e irrepetible, que se caracteriza por no ser la suma de los problemas de salud individual de sus miembros y por tener un origen multicausal donde intervienen factores socioeconómicos, sociopsicológicos, psicosociales, del funcionamiento familiar, de la etapa del ciclo evolutivo, de la estructura y de la propia salud individual de los miembros. La salud familiar no es un estado estático, sino está sometido a un proceso de transformación, donde juegan un papel fundamental las potencialidades con que cuenta la familiaThis paper was aimed at reviewing a set of aspects related to family health, considering it as a unique and irrepeatable process that is not characterized by the sum of the individual health problems of the family members, but by its multicausal origin, where not only the socioeconomic, sociopsychological and psychosocial factors take part, but also factors connected with the family functioning, the stage of the evolutive cycle, the structure and the own individual health of the members. Health family is not a static state. It is subjected to a process of transformation, in which the potentialities of the family play a fundamental role

The Influence of Kinship on Familiar Natal Migrant Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Science.gov (United States)

Albers, Monika; Widdig, Anja

2014-01-01

In most primate species, females remain in the natal group with kin while males disperse away from kin around the time of puberty. Philopatric females bias their social behavior toward familiar maternal and paternal kin in several species, but little is known about kin bias in the dispersing sex. Male dispersal is likely to be costly because males encounter an increased risk of predation and death, which might be reduced by dispersing together with kin and/or familiar males (individuals that were born and grew up in same natal group) or into a group containing kin and/or familiar males. Here we studied the influence of kinship on familiar natal migrant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, by combining demographic, behavioral, and genetic data. Our data suggest that kinship influences spatial proximity between recent natal immigrants and males familiar to them. Immigrants were significantly nearer to more closely related familiar males than to more distantly related individuals. Within a familiar subgroup, natal migrants were significantly closer to maternal kin, followed by paternal kin, then non-kin, and finally to males related via both the maternal and paternal line. Spatial proximity between natal immigrants and familiar males did not decrease over time in the new group, suggesting that there is no decline in associations between these individuals within the first months of immigration. Overall, our results might indicate that kinship is important for the dispersing sex, at least during natal dispersal when kin are still available. PMID:24850977

The role of familiarity in episodic memory and metamemory for music.

Science.gov (United States)

Korenman, Lisa M; Peynircioglu, Zehra F

2004-07-01

Participants heard music snippets of varying melodic and instrumental familiarity paired with animal-name titles. They then recalled the target when given either the melody or the title as a cue, or they gave name feeling-of-knowing (FOK) ratings. In general, recall for titles was better than it was for melodies, and recall was enhanced with increasing melodic familiarity of both the cues and the targets. Accuracy of FOK ratings, but not magnitude, also increased with increasing familiarity. Although similar ratings were given after melody and title cues, accuracy was better with title cues. Finally, knowledge of the real titles of the familiar music enhanced recall but had, by and large, no effect on the FOK ratings. Copyright 2004 APA, all rights reserved

Factores familiares asociados a los Trastornos Alimentarios: una revisión

OpenAIRE

Ruíz Martínez, Ana Olivia; Vázquez Arévalo, Rosalía; Mancilla Díaz, Juan Manuel; Viladrich i Segués, Carme; Halley Castillo, María Elizabeth

2013-01-01

Desde una perspectiva multifactorial el presente trabajo es una revisión sobre los factores familiares asociados a los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), considerando las aportaciones teóricas y empíricas propuestas en artículos nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados de la búsqueda sobre TCA y familia, indican que los principales tópicos investigados son: funcionamiento familiar, relaciones hija-padres, experiencias estresantes, psicopatología familiar, actitudes y conductas h...

Estudio de la conciliación del área personal, familiar y profesional en enfermeras/os hospitalarios con cargas familiares

OpenAIRE

Martínez López, Nuria

2017-01-01

Las familias y las mujeres en particular, que trabajan fuera del hogar, necesitan conciliar no solo el trabajo y las responsabilidades familiares, también el área personal o tiempo dedicado a sí mismas. La profesión enfermera, mayoritariamente femenina y con una elevada carga física y emocional, resulta el marco idóneo para estudiar cómo se concilia el área personal, familiar y profesional, así como los aspectos que influyen en la conciliación. Hemos estudiado a las enfermeras/os con cargas ...

Familiarity breeds dissent: Reliability analyses for British-English idioms on measures of familiarity, meaning, literality, and decomposability.

Science.gov (United States)

Nordmann, Emily; Cleland, Alexandra A; Bull, Rebecca

2014-06-01

To date, there have been several attempts made to build a database of normative data for English idiomatic expressions (e.g., Libben & Titone, 2008; Titone & Connine, 1994), however, there has been some discussion in the literature as to the validity and reliability of the data obtained, particularly for decomposability ratings. Our work aimed to address these issues by looking at ratings from native and non-native speakers and to extend the deeper investigation and analysis of decomposability to other aspects of idiomatic expressions, namely familiarly, meaning and literality. Poor reliability was observed on all types of ratings, suggesting that rather than decomposability being a special case, individual variability plays a large role in how participants rate idiomatic phrases in general. Ratings from native and non-native speakers were positively correlated and an analysis of covariance found that once familiarity with an idiom was accounted for, most of the differences between native and non-native ratings were not significant. Overall, the results suggest that individual experience with idioms plays an important role in how they are perceived and this should be taken into account when selecting stimuli for experimental studies. Furthermore, the results are suggestive of the inability of speakers to inhibit the figurative meanings for idioms that they are highly familiar with. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gravidez em mulheres adolescentes: a ótica de familiares

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Fátima Raquel Rosado Morais

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Estudo descritivo, em que se objetivou conhecer a ótica de familiares acerca da situação da gravidez de uma adolescente do grupo. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Mossoró-RN, no Conjunto Liberdade II. Quatorze famílias participaram do estudo e a amostra de familiares de adolescentes grávidas ficou constituida por dezenove pessoas: treze mães, uma avó, duas sogras, um pai. um padrasto e um sogro. Entre os resultados do estudo, verificou-se que a preocupação com a imaturidade física e emocional das adolescentes grávidas e as questões de ordem econômica predominaram nos discursos de grande parte dos familiares; que a crise situacional intrafamiliar parecia resolver-se com o evolver da gestação e ter solução mais rápida quando a adolescente estabelecia uma união consensual com o parceiro afetivo-sexual; e que, mesmo vivendo uma crise, o comportamento de solidariedade dos familiares superou as reações emocionais negativas e os conflitos interpessoais iniciais.

Impact of familiarity on information complexity in human-computer interfaces

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Bakaev Maxim

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A quantitative measure of information complexity remains very much desirable in HCI field, since it may aid in optimization of user interfaces, especially in human-computer systems for controlling complex objects. Our paper is dedicated to exploration of subjective (subject-depended aspect of the complexity, conceptualized as information familiarity. Although research of familiarity in human cognition and behaviour is done in several fields, the accepted models in HCI, such as Human Processor or Hick-Hyman’s law do not generally consider this issue. In our experimental study the subjects performed search and selection of digits and letters, whose familiarity was conceptualized as frequency of occurrence in numbers and texts. The analysis showed significant effect of information familiarity on selection time and throughput in regression models, although the R2 values were somehow low. Still, we hope that our results might aid in quantification of information complexity and its further application for optimizing interaction in human-machine systems.

Social learning in nest-building birds: a role for familiarity.

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Guillette, Lauren M; Scott, Alice C Y; Healy, Susan D

2016-03-30

It is becoming apparent that birds learn from their own experiences of nest building. What is not clear is whether birds can learn from watching conspecifics build. As social learning allows an animal to gain information without engaging in costly trial-and-error learning, first-time builders should exploit the successful habits of experienced builders. We presented first-time nest-building male zebra finches with either a familiar or an unfamiliar conspecific male building with material of a colour the observer did not like. When given the opportunity to build, males that had watched a familiar male build switched their material preference to that used by the familiar male. Males that observed unfamiliar birds did not. Thus, first-time nest builders use social information and copy the nest material choices when demonstrators are familiar but not when they are strangers. The relationships between individuals therefore influence how nest-building expertise is socially transmitted in zebra finches. © 2016 The Author(s).

Scent of the familiar: an fMRI study of canine brain responses to familiar and unfamiliar human and dog odors.

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Berns, Gregory S; Brooks, Andrew M; Spivak, Mark

2015-01-01

Understanding dogs' perceptual experience of both conspecifics and humans is important to understand how dogs evolved and the nature of their relationships with humans and other dogs. Olfaction is believed to be dogs' most powerful and perhaps important sense and an obvious place to begin for the study of social cognition of conspecifics and humans. We used fMRI in a cohort of dogs (N=12) that had been trained to remain motionless while unsedated and unrestrained in the MRI. By presenting scents from humans and conspecifics, we aimed to identify the dimensions of dogs' responses to salient biological odors - whether they are based on species (dog or human), familiarity, or a specific combination of factors. We focused our analysis on the dog's caudate nucleus because of its well-known association with positive expectations and because of its clearly defined anatomical location. We hypothesized that if dogs' primary association to reward, whether it is based on food or social bonds, is to humans, then the human scents would activate the caudate more than the conspecific scents. Conversely, if the smell of conspecifics activated the caudate more than the smell of humans, dogs' association to reward would be stronger to their fellow canines. Five scents were presented (self, familiar human, strange human, familiar dog, strange dog). While the olfactory bulb/peduncle was activated to a similar degree by all the scents, the caudate was activated maximally to the familiar human. Importantly, the scent of the familiar human was not the handler, meaning that the caudate response differentiated the scent in the absence of the person being present. The caudate activation suggested that not only did the dogs discriminate that scent from the others, they had a positive association with it. This speaks to the power of the dog's sense of smell, and it provides important clues about the importance of humans in dogs' lives. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Canine

Predictive codes of familiarity and context during the perceptual learning of facial identities

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Apps, Matthew A. J.; Tsakiris, Manos

2013-11-01

Face recognition is a key component of successful social behaviour. However, the computational processes that underpin perceptual learning and recognition as faces transition from unfamiliar to familiar are poorly understood. In predictive coding, learning occurs through prediction errors that update stimulus familiarity, but recognition is a function of both stimulus and contextual familiarity. Here we show that behavioural responses on a two-option face recognition task can be predicted by the level of contextual and facial familiarity in a computational model derived from predictive-coding principles. Using fMRI, we show that activity in the superior temporal sulcus varies with the contextual familiarity in the model, whereas activity in the fusiform face area covaries with the prediction error parameter that updated facial familiarity. Our results characterize the key computations underpinning the perceptual learning of faces, highlighting that the functional properties of face-processing areas conform to the principles of predictive coding.

Word learning in adults with second language experience: Effects of phonological and referent familiarity

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Kaushanskaya, Margarita; Yoo, Jeewon; Van Hecke, Stephanie

2014-01-01

Purpose The goal of this research was to examine whether phonological familiarity exerts different effects on novel word learning for familiar vs. unfamiliar referents, and whether successful word-learning is associated with increased second-language experience. Method Eighty-one adult native English speakers with various levels of Spanish knowledge learned phonologically-familiar novel words (constructed using English sounds) or phonologically-unfamiliar novel words (constructed using non-English and non-Spanish sounds) in association with either familiar or unfamiliar referents. Retention was tested via a forced-choice recognition-task. A median-split procedure identified high-ability and low-ability word-learners in each condition, and the two groups were compared on measures of second-language experience. Results Findings suggest that the ability to accurately match newly-learned novel names to their appropriate referents is facilitated by phonological familiarity only for familiar referents but not for unfamiliar referents. Moreover, more extensive second-language learning experience characterized superior learners primarily in one word-learning condition: Where phonologically-unfamiliar novel words were paired with familiar referents. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that phonological familiarity facilitates novel word learning only for familiar referents, and that experience with learning a second language may have a specific impact on novel vocabulary learning in adults. PMID:22992709

Revisiting the Novelty Effect: When Familiarity, Not Novelty, Enhances Memory

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Poppenk, J.; Kohler, S.; Moscovitch, M.

2010-01-01

Reports of superior memory for novel relative to familiar material have figured prominently in recent theories of memory. However, such "novelty effects" are incongruous with long-standing observations that familiar items are remembered better. In 2 experiments, we explored whether this discrepancy was explained by differences in the…

Consumo de drogas psicoactivas y factores de riesgo familiar en adolescentes

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Gregoria Francisca Canales Quezada

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Los adolescentes constituyen un grupo vulnerable de la población para el uso de drogas, siendo influenciados pór factores de riesgo de naturaleza biológica, psicológica o social, en el contexto individual, familiar y social. Los factores de riesgo familiar para el uso de drogas se relacionan con los estilos parentales de manejo familiar, incluyendo el tipo de comunicación construida, el establecimiento de normas y el manejo de sanciones, el clima emocional familiar y la cultura en torno a las drogas. Objetivo: Describir el consumo de drogas y los factores de riesgo familiar en los adolescentes del Reparto Primero de Mayo de la ciudad de León, Nicaragua. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal con una muestra de 76 adolescentes, elegidos a través del muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Para la obtención de los datos se aplicó un instrumento estructurado con preguntas cerradas. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo familiares presentes en la mayoría de los adolescentes fueran ausencia de los padres 65%, caracterizada por la disfunción familiar, presencia de problemas en el manejo de la familia y relaciones conflictivas. De los 76 adolescentes, 53% consumen alcohol y tabaco y el 47% consumen algún tipo de droga. Discusión y Conclusiones: De acuerdo al estudio son necesarios nuevos estudios en esta temática con mayor análisis que permitan continuar profundizando sobre el fenómeno de las drogas en este grupo vulnerable y el desarrollo de estrategias que contribuyan a la efectiva inserción social de los adolescentes y sus familiares.(Rev Cuid 2012; 3(3:260-9.Palabras clave: Adolescente, Factores de Riesgo, Drogas. (Fuente:DeCS BIREME.

Funcionamiento familiar en familias víctimas de abuso sexual intrafamiliar-incesto

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Ibeth Villanueva Sarmiento

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract This article of research describes family functioning in victims of domestic sexual abuse (incest in the city of Barranquilla and the following dimension were taken in account: a Familiar adaptation to face up conflict situations, b Level of participation and emotional growth in each one of the members and c Affective relationships and commitments between family members. That is a descriptive study and Familiar APGAR test, which measures the rank of family functionality, proposed by Gabriel Smilkstein (1978, modify for Colombia by Liliana Arias (2006 was used. The sample was ten (10 members of families, victims of domestic sexual abuse (incest that received the clinical intervention en the “Centro de Atención Integral e Investigación para Víctimas de Abuso Sexual” (CAIVAS in the Barranquilla city. The results shows that 20% of the total population presents a severe family dysfunction, a 0% a moderate family dysfunction, a 20% a slight dysfunction and finally a 60% presented a normal familiar functionality. Resumen El presente artículo de investigación describe el funcionamiento familiar en víctimas de abuso sexual intrafamiliar (incesto en la ciudad de Barranquilla, teniendo en cuenta las siguientes dimensiones: a adaptación familiar para afrontar situaciones de conflicto, b nivel de participación y crecimiento emocional de sus miembros y c relaciones afectivas y compromisos existentes entre los miembros de familias. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo mediante la aplicación del test de APGAR Familiar propuesto por Smilkstein (1989, modificado para Colombia por Arias (2006, el cual mide el grado de funcionalidad familiar. Se aplicó a una muestra de diez (10 miembros de familias víctimas de abuso sexual intrafamiliar (incesto que recibían intervención clínica en el Centro de Atención Integral e Investigación para Víctimas de Abuso Sexual (CAIVAS de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar

¿"Desintegración familiar" o "Transición familiar"? Perspectivas sobre el cambio familiar en Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

OpenAIRE

Sylvia Chant; Wagner Moreno

2011-01-01

Como en otros países de América Latina y del Caribe, sin mencionar el resto del mundo, la estructura de vida familiar en Costa Rica ha cambiado en décadas recientes. El matrimonio ha decaído, el divorcio y la separación aumentan, se incrementan los nacimientos fuera del matrimonio y en un número creciente de hogares las mujeres son jefas de hogar. Tanto a nivel nacional como internacional estas tendencias han sido consideradas como indicadores de una “desintegración familiar”. Esto a su vez c...

Criação de Valor no Desempenho Econômico de Empresas Familiares e Não Familiares Brasileiras

OpenAIRE

Micheli Aparecida Lunardi; Edmery Tavares Barbosa; Moacir Manoel Rodrigues Junior; Tarcísio Pedro da Silva; Wilson Thoshiro Nakamura

2017-01-01

Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a criação de valor no desempenho econômico de empresas familiares e não familiares brasileiras. Para tanto, adotou-se como universo do estudo as ações listadas no IBRX 100 do IBM&FBOVESPA no período de 2011 a 2015. Fundamento: A contabilidade e a finanças são pedras angulares no apoio à gestão baseada na criação de valor. Os dados contábeis são usados para avaliação de desempenho econômico-financeiro das organizações. Não obstante, os gest...

Recollection and Familiarity in Recognition Memory: Evidence from ROC Curves

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Heathcote, Andrew; Raymond, Frances; Dunn, John

2006-01-01

Does recognition memory rely on discrete recollection, continuous evidence, or both? Is continuous evidence sensitive to only the recency and duration of study (familiarity), or is it also sensitive to details of the study episode? Dual process theories assume recognition is based on recollection and familiarity, with only recollection providing…

Una educación integral para los médicos de la Universidad de Buenos Aires: las propuestas de José Ramos Mejía y Bernardo Houssay entre 1870-1940

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von Stecher, Pablo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available At the end of nineteenth century, certain Argentinean doctors who taught medicine at the Universidad de Buenos Aires considered that students had to develop an integral knowledge able to outweigh the medicine subjects. Consequently, not only have they tried to inculcate this wide knowledge into the students -which included literature and art concepts- but have also promoted the advantages of the physical activity -derived from sports- as necessary to strengthen the students, allowing them to face such extensive career and, in this way, increase the feelings of friendship and brotherhood. In 1920, Bernardo Houssay, renowned Argentinean doctor and Nobel Prize winner (in 1947, again insisted on the need of an exhaustive education and a harmonious development for the medicine student, for which he suggested building a University campus in Buenos Aires. Therefore, this paper analyzes the attempts of training the students in different practices and widening their knowledge beyond the strictly medical concepts. It also looks into the different projects (political, social in connection with the purposes above mentioned which were supported during those years in Argentina.Hacia fines del siglo XIX, algunos médicos argentinos que enseñaban en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires entendían que los estudiantes y futuros médicos debían ser formados en un saber integral, que superara las materias clínicas. De este modo, intentaron inculcarles el conocimiento de las letras y el arte, pero también promovieron las ventajas del desarrollo físico, forjado en las prácticas deportivas, necesario para fortalecer a los alumnos ante una carrera de tal magnitud y para acrecentar los sentimientos de confraternidad y camaradería. Hacia la década de 1920, Bernardo Houssay, célebre médico argentino y ganador del premio Nobel (en 1947, volvía a insistir sobre la necesidad de una educación integral del estudiante de medicina y propon

Effects of Sex and Education on Cognitive Change Over a 27-Year Period in Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

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Reas, Emilie T; Laughlin, Gail A; Bergstrom, Jaclyn; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; McEvoy, Linda K

2017-08-01

This study investigated how cognitive function changes with age and whether rates of decline vary by sex or education in a large, homogenous longitudinal cohort characterized by high participation rates, long duration of follow-up, and minimal loss to follow-up. Between 1988 and 2016, 2,225 community-dwelling participants of the Rancho Bernardo Study, aged 31 to 99 years at their initial cognitive assessment, completed neuropsychological testing approximately every 4 years, over a maximum 27-year follow-up. Linear mixed effects regression models defined sex-specific cognitive trajectories, adjusting for education and retest effects. Significant decline across all cognitive domains began around age 65 years and accelerated after age 80 years. Patterns of decline were generally similar between sexes, although men declined more rapidly than women on the global function test. Higher education was associated with slower decline on the tests of executive and global functions. After excluding 517 participants with evidence of cognitive impairment, accelerating decline with age remained for all tests, and women declined more rapidly than men on the executive function test. Accelerating decline with advancing age occurs across multiple cognitive domains in community-dwelling older adults, with few differences in rates of decline between men and women. Higher education may provide some protection against executive and global function decline with age. These findings better characterize normal cognitive aging, a critical prerequisite for identifying individuals at risk for cognitive impairment, and lay the groundwork for future studies of health and behavioral factors that affect age-related decline in this cohort. Copyright © 2017 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relationship between familiar environment and wandering behaviour among Korean elders with dementia.

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Hong, Gwi-Ryung Son; Song, Jun-Ah

2009-05-01

To explore the relationship between wandering behaviour and familiar environment in community-residing persons with dementia in Korea. Numerous non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to decrease behavioural symptoms and to increase the quality of life among persons with dementia. Although the concept of familiarity is very important and environmental interventions using the concept should have been developed for persons with dementia, no study examining even the direct relationship between familiar environment and wandering has yet been published. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design. A convenience sample was gathered of 77 non-institutionalised, community-dwelling persons with dementia and their family caregivers in Seoul and Wonju, South Korea. Descriptive statics, Pearson's correlations, t-tests, and multiple regressions were used in the data analysis. The mean age of persons with dementia was 76.9 years (SD 8.0) and their mean cognitive level score using the Mini-Mental State Examination was 13.51 (SD 6.10). Most persons with dementia (71.4%) had been diagnosed with known types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarct dementia, mixed type or Parkinson's disease with dementia. A familiar feeling with the environment was associated with cognitive impairment (r = 0.32, p familiar feeling with the environment (r = -0.56, p Familiarity and physical dependency in activities of daily living were the significant predictors for overall wandering and they explained 45% of the total variance. Cognitive impairment was the only significant predictor on the subscale of spatial disorientation. It was found that a familiar feeling with the environment was an important factor affecting persons with dementia's cognitive and functional abilities as well as specific features of wandering. However, future research using a more reliable method is necessary to confirm the findings obtained in this study. This study suggested that providing

Reflexiones sobre el Real Decreto español 171/2007, de 9 de febrero, por el que se regula la publicidad de los protocolos familiares en las sociedades familiares

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María Angustias Díaz Gómez

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo es analizar el Protocolo Familiar, estudiando su concepto, naturaleza jurídica y eficacia, su contenido, publicidad y desarrollo. El protocolo familiar es un instrumento jurídico que pretende organizar la relación entre la familia y la empresa, separando ambas realidades y, especialmente, trata de planificar adecuadamente la sucesión de la empresa familiar. Se trata de reflexionar sobre el Real Decreto español 171/2007, de 9 de febrero, por el que se regula la publicidad de los protocolos familiares en las Sociedades Familiares.The object of this work is to analyze the Family Protocol, studying his concept, juridical nature and effectiveness, his content, advertising and development. The family protocol is a legal instrument that, intends to organize the interaction between a family and their family-owned business, separating both realities and, specially, it tries to plan adequately the succession of the family business. It is a question of thinking about the Spanish Royal decree 171/2007, of February 9rd, by which there is regulated the advertising of the family protocols in the Familiar Companies.

Clima familiar deportivo y autoconcepto físico en la adolescencia

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Lorena Revuelta

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se analizan las relaciones entre las actitudes, valores e intereses familiares percibidos sobre la actividad físico-deportiva en general y de los hijos e hijas en particular, la autopercepción física y la actividad físico-deportiva realizada por los adolescentes. Participaron en el estudio 355 adolescentes de entre 12 y 22 años de las comunidades autónomas vasca y cántabra, a quienes se administraron el Cuestionario de Clima Familiar Deportivo y el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico. Los resultados indican que un clima familiar deportivo favorable se relaciona con un autoconcepto físico más elevado y con una mayor frecuencia de actividad físico-deportiva. Así mismo, aparecen diferencias en cuanto al clima familiar deportivo en función del sexo de los participantes. Las chicas percibieron climas menos favorables que los chicos y se advirtieron diferencias a este respecto en función del sexo del resto de hijos e hijas de la unidad familiar. Los hijos de familias en las que sólo había chicos percibieron climas familiares deportivos más positivos que aquellos pertenecientes a familias en las que había chicos y chicas, siendo las percepciones más desfavorables las de las chicas que sólo tenían hermanas o eran hijas únicas

You look familiar, but I don’t care: Lure rejection in hybrid visual and memory search is not based on familiarity

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Wolfe, Jeremy M.; Boettcher, Sage E. P.; Josephs, Emilie L.; Cunningham, Corbin A.; Drew, Trafton

2015-01-01

In “hybrid” search tasks, observers hold multiple possible targets in memory while searching for those targets amongst distractor items in visual displays. Wolfe (2012) found that, if the target set is held constant over a block of trials, RTs in such tasks were a linear function of the number of items in the visual display and a linear function of the log of the number of items held in memory. However, in such tasks, the targets can become far more familiar than the distractors. Does this “familiarity” – operationalized here as the frequency and recency with which an item has appeared – influence performance in hybrid tasks In Experiment 1, we compared searches where distractors appeared with the same frequency as the targets to searches where all distractors were novel. Distractor familiarity did not have any reliable effect on search. In Experiment 2, most distractors were novel but some critical distractors were as common as the targets while others were 4× more common. Familiar distractors did not produce false alarm errors, though they did slightly increase response times (RTs). In Experiment 3, observers successfully searched for the new, unfamiliar item among distractors that, in many cases, had been seen only once before. We conclude that when the memory set is held constant for many trials, item familiarity alone does not cause observers to mistakenly confuse target with distractors. PMID:26191615

Mate familiarity and social learning in a monogamous lizard.

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Munch, Kirke L; Noble, Daniel W A; Wapstra, Erik; While, Geoffrey M

2018-05-08

Social learning is thought to be advantageous as it allows an animal to gather information quickly without engaging in costly trial-and-error learning. However, animals should be selective about when and whom they learn from. Familiarity is predicted to positively influence an animal's reliance on social learning; yet, few studies have empirically tested this theory. We used a lizard (Liopholis whitii) that forms long-term monogamous pair bonds to examine the effects of partner familiarity on social learning in two novel foraging tasks, an association and a reversal task. We allowed female lizards to observe trained conspecifics that were either familiar (social mate) or unfamiliar execute these tasks and compared these two groups with control females that did not receive social information. Lizards preferentially relied on trial-and-error learning in the association task. In the reversal task, lizards that were demonstrated by familiar partners learnt in fewer trials compared to control lizards and made more correct choices. Our results provide some evidence for context-dependent learning with lizards differentiating between when they utilize social learning, and, to a limited degree, whom they learnt from. Understanding the role of the social context in which learning occurs provides important insights into the benefits of social learning and sociality more generally.

Automatization and familiarity in repeated checking

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dek, E.C.P.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/313959552; van den Hout, M.A.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/070445354; Giele, C.L.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/318754460; Engelhard, I.M.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/239681533

2015-01-01

Repetitive, compulsive-like checking of an object leads to reductions in memory confidence, vividness, and detail. Experimental research suggests that this is caused by increased familiarity with perceptual characteristics of the stimulus and automatization of the checking procedure (Dek, van den

Familiarity and Sex Based Stereotypes on Instant Impressions of Male and Female Faculty

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Nadler, Joel T.; Berry, Seth A.; Stockdale, Margaret S.

2013-01-01

To address the stranger-to-stranger critique of stereotyping research, psychology students (n = 139) and law students (n = 58) rated photographs of familiar or unfamiliar male or female professors on competence. Results from Study 1 indicated that familiar male psychology faculty were rated as more competent than were familiar female faculty,…

Transnacionalización de la subsistencia familiar

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Stéphanie Arsenault

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La familia es el grupo a través del cual se gestiona la mayor parte de los movimientos de dinero entre la provincia de Quebec y Colombia, y por lo común son destinados a la subsistencia familiar cotidiana. Los flujos de dinero entre ambos territorios se producen en el seno de la mayoría de las familias, tienen una frecuencia muy variada y los montos involucrados son modestos. Los testimonios recogidos entre las personas que mandan dinero a sus familiares en Colombia revelan que, para la mayoría de ellas, la frecuencia y los montos que envían se reducen una vez que se han asentado en la provincia de Quebec, en comparación con la situación previa al exilio. Para muchos de ellos, el papel de proveedor económico que desempeñaban dentro de su familia se ha reducido de manera considerable; y para otros inclusive desaparece. De manera general, se puede afirmar que no se producen cambios importantes en lo que se refiere a las intenciones de las personas en colaborar económicamente con sus familiares al salir en exilio. Los cambios se producen en las posibilidades concretas de hacerlo, las cuales disminuyen o desaparecen.

Familiarity and recollection in heuristic decision making.

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Schwikert, Shane R; Curran, Tim

2014-12-01

Heuristics involve the ability to utilize memory to make quick judgments by exploiting fundamental cognitive abilities. In the current study we investigated the memory processes that contribute to the recognition heuristic and the fluency heuristic, which are both presumed to capitalize on the byproducts of memory to make quick decisions. In Experiment 1, we used a city-size comparison task while recording event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the potential contributions of familiarity and recollection to the 2 heuristics. ERPs were markedly different for recognition heuristic-based decisions and fluency heuristic-based decisions, suggesting a role for familiarity in the recognition heuristic and recollection in the fluency heuristic. In Experiment 2, we coupled the same city-size comparison task with measures of subjective preexperimental memory for each stimulus in the task. Although previous literature suggests the fluency heuristic relies on recognition speed alone, our results suggest differential contributions of recognition speed and recollected knowledge to these decisions, whereas the recognition heuristic relies on familiarity. Based on these results, we created a new theoretical framework that explains decisions attributed to both heuristics based on the underlying memory associated with the choice options. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

La crisis normativa de la adolescencia y su repercusión familiar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia María Herrera Santí

2002-10-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se hace un análisis del impacto de la adolescencia como crisis normativa en la salud familiar, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes áreas que la componen, como la socioeconómica, la sociopsicológica, el funcionamiento familiar y la salud individual. También se relaciona el nivel de este impacto y si es favorable o no a la salud familiar con otras variables como la estructura familiar, las características del subsistema parental y fraternal y la presencia de otras crisis familiares. El estudio fue realizado en el período de Marzo del 1999 a Marzo del 2000, con 57 familias, que constituyen el total de las que presentaban al menos un hijo en el período adolescente, todas correspondientes al consultorio 647 del Policlínico Docente "Enrique Betancourt Neninger", en Alamar. Dentro de los resultados encontramos que este evento tuvo un impacto de moderado a elevado, con un sentido favorable para la salud familiar, excepto en el área socioeconómica donde hay un predominio del sentido desfavorable, encontrándose relación significativa entre el sentido del impacto y las consecuencias percibidas por la familia debido al paso por esta etapa.

Social familiarity relaxes the constraints of limited attention and enhances reproduction of group-living predatory mites

Science.gov (United States)

Strodl, Markus A; Schausberger, Peter

2013-01-01

In many group-living animals, within-group associations are determined by familiarity, i.e. familiar individuals, independent of genetic relatedness, preferentially associate with each other. The ultimate causes of this behaviour are poorly understood and rigorous documentation of its adaptive significance is scarce. Limited attention theory states that focusing on a given task has interrelated cognitive, behavioural and physiological costs with respect to the attention paid to other tasks. In multiple signal environments attention has thus to be shared among signals. Assuming that familiar neighbours require less attention than unfamiliar ones, associating with familiar individuals should increase the efficiency in other tasks and ultimately increase fitness. We tested this prediction in adult females of the group-living, plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. We evaluated the influence of social familiarity on within-group association behaviour, activity, predation and reproduction. In mixed groups (familiar and unfamiliar), familiar predator females preferentially associated with each other. In pure groups (either familiar or unfamiliar), familiar predator females produced more eggs than unfamiliar females at similar predation rates. Higher egg production was correlated with lower activity levels, indicating decreased restlessness. In light of limited attention theory, we argue that the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals and preferential association with familiar individuals confers a selective advantage because familiar social environments are cognitively and physiologically less taxing than unfamiliar social environments. PMID:24273345

Perception of Family Functioning Among Relatives of Women Who Survived Breast Cancer: Gender Differences Percepción del funcionamiento familiar entre familiares de mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama: diferencias de género Percepção do funcionamento familiar entre familiares de mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer de mama: diferenças de gênero

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Gabrielli Biffi

2010-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to know how female and male family members perceive their family dynamics after breast cancer. Barnhill's proposal of a healthy family functional model served as the theoretical framework for this qualitative research. The data was obtained through interviews and submitted to content analysis. The results showed that, in the adaptation process to breast cancer, both genders use clear communication in order to achieve family balance and present interactions characterized by mutual and individual feelings. The responsibility for maintaining the family is attributed to the daughters, whereas the male elements show more disorganization with regard to family functions. The bond between family members of both genders who are affected by breast cancer shows important interactions in the identity process.El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer como familiares del género femenino y masculino perciben la dinámica de sus familias, después del cáncer de mama. Es una investigación de abordaje cualitativo que tomó como marco teórico el modelo de funcionamiento familiar saludable, propuesto por Barnhill. Participaron 23 familiares constituyentes de 10 familias. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevistas y sometidos al análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que, en el proceso de adaptación al cáncer de mama, ambos géneros utilizan la comunicación clara para la búsqueda del equilibrio familiar y presentan interacciones caracterizadas por sentimientos de mutualidad e individuación. A las hijas es atribuida la responsabilidad por la manutención de la familia y los elementos del género masculino demuestran mayor desorganización en el funcionamiento familiar. El vínculo de los familiares de ambos géneros, que experimentan el cáncer de mama, presenta interacciones importantes en el proceso de identidad.O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer como familiares do gênero feminino e masculino percebem a din

Effects of Familiarity and Feeding on Newborn Speech-Voice Recognition

Science.gov (United States)

Valiante, A. Grace; Barr, Ronald G.; Zelazo, Philip R.; Brant, Rollin; Young, Simon N.

2013-01-01

Newborn infants preferentially orient to familiar over unfamiliar speech sounds. They are also better at remembering unfamiliar speech sounds for short periods of time if learning and retention occur after a feed than before. It is unknown whether short-term memory for speech is enhanced when the sound is familiar (versus unfamiliar) and, if so,…

You can't drink a word: lexical and individual emotionality affect subjective familiarity judgments.

Science.gov (United States)

Westbury, Chris

2014-10-01

For almost 30 years, subjective familiarity has been used in psycholinguistics as an explanatory variable, allegedly able to explain many phenomena that have no other obvious explanation (Gernsbacher in J Exp Psychol General 113:256-281, 1984). In this paper, the hypothesis tested is that the subjective familiarity of words is reflecting personal familiarity with or importance of the referents of words. Using an empirically-grounded model of affective force derived from Wundt (Grundriss der Psychologie [Outlines of Psychology]. Engelmann, Leibzig, 1896) and based in a co-occurrence model of semantics (which involves no human judgment), it is shown that affective force can account for the same variance in a large set of human subjective familiarity judgments as other human subjective familiarity judgments, can predict whether people will rate new words of the same objective frequency as more or less familiar, can predict lexical access as well as human subjective familiarity judgments do, and has a predicted relationship to age of acquisition norms. Individuals who have highly affective reactivity [as measured by Carver and White's (J Pers Soc Psychol 67(2):319-333, 1994) Behavioral Inhibition Scale and Behavioral Activation Scales] rate words as significantly more familiar than individuals who have low affective reactivity.

Human Novelty Response to Emotional Animal Vocalizations: Effects of Phylogeny and Familiarity

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Marina Scheumann

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Darwin (1872 postulated that emotional expressions contain universals that are retained across species. We recently showed that human rating responses were strongly affected by a listener's familiarity with vocalization types, whereas evidence for universal cross-taxa emotion recognition was limited. To disentangle the impact of evolutionarily retained mechanisms (phylogeny and experience-driven cognitive processes (familiarity, we compared the temporal unfolding of event-related potentials (ERPs in response to agonistic and affiliative vocalizations expressed by humans and three animal species. Using an auditory oddball novelty paradigm, ERPs were recorded in response to task-irrelevant novel sounds, comprising vocalizations varying in their degree of phylogenetic relationship and familiarity to humans. Vocalizations were recorded in affiliative and agonistic contexts. Offline, participants rated the vocalizations for valence, arousal, and familiarity. Correlation analyses revealed a significant correlation between a posteriorly distributed early negativity and arousal ratings. More specifically, a contextual category effect of this negativity was observed for human infant and chimpanzee vocalizations but absent for other species vocalizations. Further, a significant correlation between the later and more posteriorly P3a and P3b responses and familiarity ratings indicates a link between familiarity and attentional processing. A contextual category effect of the P3b was observed for the less familiar chimpanzee and tree shrew vocalizations. Taken together, these findings suggest that early negative ERP responses to agonistic and affiliative vocalizations may be influenced by evolutionary retained mechanisms, whereas the later orienting of attention (positive ERPs may mainly be modulated by the prior experience.

Cortical mechanisms of person representation: recognition of famous and personally familiar names.

Science.gov (United States)

Sugiura, Motoaki; Sassa, Yuko; Watanabe, Jobu; Akitsuki, Yuko; Maeda, Yasuhiro; Matsue, Yoshihiko; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Kawashima, Ryuta

2006-06-01

Personally familiar people are likely to be represented more richly in episodic, emotional, and behavioral contexts than famous people, who are usually represented predominantly in semantic context. To reveal cortical mechanisms supporting this differential person representation, we compared cortical activation during name recognition tasks between personally familiar and famous names, using an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Normal subjects performed familiar- or unfamiliar-name detection tasks during visual presentation of personally familiar (Personal), famous (Famous), and unfamiliar (Unfamiliar) names. The bilateral temporal poles and anterolateral temporal cortices, as well as the left temporoparietal junction, were activated in the contrasts Personal-Unfamiliar and Famous-Unfamiliar to a similar extent. The bilateral occipitotemporoparietal junctions, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex showed activation in the contrasts Personal-Unfamiliar and Personal-Famous. Together with previous findings, differential activation in the occipitotemporoparietal junction, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex between personally familiar and famous names is considered to reflect differential person representation. The similar extent of activation for personally familiar and famous names in the temporal pole and anterolateral temporal cortex is consistent with the associative role of the anterior temporal cortex in person identification, which has been conceptualized as a person identity node in many models of person identification. The left temporoparietal junction was considered to process familiar written names. The results illustrated the neural correlates of the person representation as a network of discrete regions in the bilateral posterior cortices, with the anterior temporal cortices having a unique associative role.

LAFD: TA-15 DARHT Firefighter Facility Familiarization Tour, OJT 53044, Revision 0.2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutherford, Victor Stephen [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Priestley, Terry B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Maestas, Marvin Manuel [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2016-03-17

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Lab) will conduct familiarization tours for the Los Alamos County Fire Department (LAFD) at the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) Facility, TA-15-0312. The purpose of these tours is to orient LAFD firefighters to the DARHT facility layout and hazards. This document provides information and figures to supplement the familiarization tours. The document will be distributed to the trainees at the time of the familiarization tour. A checklist (Attachment A) has also been developed to ensure that all required information is consistently presented to LAFD personnel during the familiarization tours.

Orientación psicológica en Centros de Planificación Familiar.

OpenAIRE

Margarita Recondo García; Antonio Villasana Cunchillos

1988-01-01

La intención básica de este trabajo es explicar cómo se realizaría la orientación psicológica en Centros de Planificación Familiar. Señalando, primero, los objetivos generales y específicos en Planificación Familiar y luego los objetivos específicos del psicólogo y sus etapas de trabajo en los Centros de Planificación Familiar. Se estudian las necesidades psicológicas de la comunidad, el rol del psicólogo y la organización del trabajo en Planificación Familiar.

The effects of familiarity and similarity on compliance in social networks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kaptein, M.C.; Nass, C.; Markopoulos, P.

2014-01-01

Advertisers on social network sites often use recommendations by others in a user's networks to endorse products. While these familiar others are hypothesised to be more effective in influencing users than unfamiliar others, there is a catch: familiarity does not necessarily ensure similarity to the

Familiar units prevail over statistical cues in word segmentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Poulin-Charronnat, Bénédicte; Perruchet, Pierre; Tillmann, Barbara; Peereman, Ronald

2017-09-01

In language acquisition research, the prevailing position is that listeners exploit statistical cues, in particular transitional probabilities between syllables, to discover words of a language. However, other cues are also involved in word discovery. Assessing the weight learners give to these different cues leads to a better understanding of the processes underlying speech segmentation. The present study evaluated whether adult learners preferentially used known units or statistical cues for segmenting continuous speech. Before the exposure phase, participants were familiarized with part-words of a three-word artificial language. This design allowed the dissociation of the influence of statistical cues and familiar units, with statistical cues favoring word segmentation and familiar units favoring (nonoptimal) part-word segmentation. In Experiment 1, performance in a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task between words and part-words revealed part-word segmentation (even though part-words were less cohesive in terms of transitional probabilities and less frequent than words). By contrast, an unfamiliarized group exhibited word segmentation, as usually observed in standard conditions. Experiment 2 used a syllable-detection task to remove the likely contamination of performance by memory and strategy effects in the 2AFC task. Overall, the results suggest that familiar units overrode statistical cues, ultimately questioning the need for computation mechanisms of transitional probabilities (TPs) in natural language speech segmentation.

A Critical Assessment of the Flux Transport Dynamo Arnab Rai ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The second school of thought is due to Babcock. (1961) and Leighton (1964). Sunspot pairs forming out of the toroidal magnetic field have tilts produced by the Coriolis force (D'Silva & Choudhuri 1993)—tilts increas- ing with latitude in accordance with Joy's law. According to the Babcock–Leighton viewpoint, the decay of ...

Valoración funcional del adulto mayor relacionado con el abandono familiar.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jenny Fernanda Villarroel Vargas

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Se estima que entre el 2000 al 2050 la población mundial envejecida ascenderá del 11% al 22 %, con ello el incremento de las diversas enfermedades o trastornos propios de la edad. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre capacidad funcional del adulto mayor con el abandono familiar en el barrio La Calera Centro, Latacunga, 2015-2016. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte trasversal, donde previo consentimiento informado participaron 70 adultos mayores, a quienes se les aplicó escalas para valoración de la capacidad funcional, así como la encuesta para valorar abandono familiar y aspectos sociodemográficos de la población. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Chi Cuadrado de Pearson con un nivel de significancia del 0,05. Resultados: Se reportó el abandono en el 75,7% de los adultos mayores y tuvo significancia con respecto a la capacidad funcional y la estructura familiar (p=0,002. Hubo relación  entre capacidad funcional y abandono familiar, así como también predominio de los adultos mayores entre los 65 a 74 años, sexo femenino, sin ninguna actividad laboral y analfabetos. Hubo relación significativa entre capacidad funcional, edades geriátricas y ocupación; y de igual manera entre la estructura familiar y el abandono. La capacidad funcional y la estructura familiar fueron factores asociados al abandono.    Conclusiones: La dependencia del adulto mayor condicionó a diferentes tipos de maltrato, destacando el abandono familiar.

LAFD: TA-55 RLUOB/CUB Facility Familiarization Tour, OJT #55265

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutherford, Victor Stephen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-09-14

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) conducts familiarization tours for personnel of the Los Alamos County Fire Department (LAFD) at the RLUOB/CUB, technical area (TA)-55, 400/440, facility, Radiological Laboratory Utility Office Building (RLUOB)/Central Utility Building (CUB). These familiarization tours are official LANL business; the purpose of these tours is to orient LAFD firefighters to the facility so that they can respond efficiently and quickly to a variety of emergency situations. This orientation includes, among other topics, the ingress and egress of the area and buildings, layout and organization of the facility, evacuation procedures and assembly points, and areas of concern within the various buildings at the facility. LAFD firefighters have the skills and abilities to perform firefighting operations and other emergency response tasks that cannot be provided by other LANL personnel who have the required clearance level. This handout provides details of the information, along with maps and diagrams, to be presented during the familiarization tours. The handout is distributed to the trainees at the time of the tour; a corresponding checklist is also used as guidance during the familiarization tours to ensure that all required information is presented to LAFD personnel.

Memory Color Effect Induced by Familiarity of Brand Logos

OpenAIRE

Kimura, Atsushi; Wada, Yuji; Masuda, Tomohiro; Goto, Sho-ichi; Tsuzuki, Daisuke; Hibino, Haruo; Cai, Dongsheng; Dan, Ippeita

2013-01-01

Background When people are asked to adjust the color of familiar objects such as fruits until they appear achromatic, the subjective gray points of the objects are shifted away from the physical gray points in a direction opposite to the memory color (memory color effect). It is still unclear whether the discrepancy between memorized and actual colors of objects is dependent on the familiarity of the objects. Here, we conducted two experiments in order to examine the relationship between the ...

Making sense of infant familiarity and novelty responses to words at lexical onset

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Rory A DePaolis

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This study suggests that familiarity and novelty preferences in infant experimental tasks can in some instances be interpreted together as a single indicator of language advance. We provide evidence to support this idea based on our use of the auditory headturn preference paradigm to record responses to words likely to be either familiar or unfamiliar to infants. Fifty-nine ten-month-old infants were tested. The task elicited mixed preferences: familiarity (longer average looks to the words likely to be familiar to the infants, novelty (longer average looks to the words likely to be unfamiliar and no-preference (similar-length of looks to both type of words. The infants who exhibited either a familiarity or a novelty response were more advanced on independent indices of phonetic advance than the infants who showed no preference. In addition, infants exhibiting novelty responses were more lexically advanced than either the infants who exhibited familiarity or those who showed no-preference. The results provide partial support for Hunter and Ames’ (1988 developmental model of attention in infancy and suggest caution when interpreting studies indexed to chronological age.

Agricultura familiar para el desarrollo rural incluyente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laksmi Reddiar Krishnamurthy

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Las comunidades indígenas Mayas de la península de Yucatán han practicado la antigua tradición de agricultura familiar, en particular los huertos caseros, para garantizar su seguridad alimentaria. Con el objetivo de mejorar la práctica tradicional considerando paradigmas de la ciencia moderna, por una parte, se colectaron datos para definir la complejidad estructural y diversidad funcional a partir de 20 huertos familiares en cinco comunidades: X - Maben, X - Pichil, X - Yatil, San José II y Melchor Ocampo; y por otra, se organizaron grupos de discusión para dilucidar la estrategia de gestión practicada por las comunidades nativas. Los resultados mostraron que los huertos son manejados principalmente por las mujeres. También mostraron que el propósito principal del crecimiento y mantenimiento de los huertos familiares es garantizar la producción de alimentos nutritivos durante todo el año. Y, por último que los huertos caseros también sirven para propósitos secundarios tales como la provisión de productos y servicios para la medicina tradicional. El estudio sugiere que se debe de promover e invertir en huertos caseros para mejorar las estrategias de desarrollo incluyente en ambientes socio-culturales y biofísicos similares.

High, low, or familiar? Nest site preferences of experienced laying hens.

Science.gov (United States)

Krause, E T; Schrader, L

2018-05-22

1. The aim of this study was to investigate which nest heights are preferred by laying hens in the absence of familiar nest locations and whether preferred nest heights are more attractive than a familiar location. In two experiments, a total of 108 hens of four different layer breeds, which were at least 50 weeks of age, were studied. 2. In the first experiment, hens were given individual free choice between nests for 1-week at four different heights (0 cm, 39 cm, 78 cm, and 117 cm above ground). Hens of the four breeds differed in their nest height preferences (P = 0.0013). However, hens of three breeds preferred ground level nests (P < 0.007) and the fourth line showed an equal preference for the ground level and level three, the latter level corresponding to the height of the nests in their home compartments. 4. In the second experiment, hens from the four breeds were given a choice between ground level nests and nests at a familiar location, i.e. at the same location as in their home compartment. Hens of all strains preferred the familiar nest location (P = 0.002) and preferences did not differ between strains (P = 0.77). 5. Laying hens seem to prefer nests at ground level in the absence of a familiar nest. However, if possible, experienced 50 week old hens continue to use a familiar nest location instead of a ground nest location. The results are discussed with respect to a potential primary preference that may be modifiable by experience and with respect to possible relevance in commercial housing.

The ugliness-in-averageness effect: Tempering the warm glow of familiarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Evan W; Huber, David E; Pecher, Diane; Zeelenberg, Rene; Halberstadt, Jamin; Winkielman, Piotr

2017-06-01

Mere exposure (i.e., stimulus repetition) and blending (i.e., stimulus averaging) are classic ways to increase social preferences, including facial attractiveness. In both effects, increases in preference involve enhanced familiarity. Prominent memory theories assume that familiarity depends on a match between the target and similar items in memory. These theories predict that when individual items are weakly learned, their blends (morphs) should be relatively familiar, and thus liked-a beauty-in-averageness effect ( BiA ). However, when individual items are strongly learned, they are also more distinguishable. This "differentiation" hypothesis predicts that with strongly encoded items, familiarity (and thus, preference) for the blend will be relatively lower than individual items-an ugliness-in-averageness effect ( UiA ). We tested this novel theoretical prediction in 5 experiments. Experiment 1 showed that with weak learning, facial morphs were more attractive than contributing individuals (BiA effect). Experiments 2A and 2B demonstrated that when participants first strongly learned a subset of individual faces (either in a face-name memory task or perceptual-tracking task), morphs of trained individuals were less attractive than the trained individuals (UiA effect). Experiment 3 showed that changes in familiarity for the trained morph (rather than interstimulus conflict) drove the UiA effect. Using a within-subjects design, Experiment 4 mapped out the transition from BiA to UiA solely as a function of memory training. Finally, computational modeling using a well-known memory framework (REM) illustrated the familiarity transition observed in Experiment 4. Overall, these results highlight how memory processes illuminate classic and modern social preference phenomena. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Ajustamento familiar após o surgimento da esquizofrenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bianca Cristina Ciccone Giacon

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Considera-se que, quando ocorre o primeiro episódio da esquizofrenia, a vida familiar é interrompida e a sua trajetória de vida pode ser modificada. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a trajetória de famílias nos primeiros cinco anos de convivência com a doença mental, identificando o seu processo de ajustamento. A pesquisa está fundamentada no Interacionismo Simbólico. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 23 familiares de 21 portadores de esquizofrenia. A análise foi realizada visando à determinação de uma linha do tempo, que permitiu descrever o processo de ajustamento familiar através de três momentos: Percebendo a Mudança, Diagnóstico e Início do Tratamento, e Seguindo em Frente. Conclui-se que todas as fases apresentadas neste projeto são ricas e podem ser mais exploradas.

Agricultura familiar Algunas reflexiones para un debate necesario

OpenAIRE

Moyano EStrada, Eduardo

2014-01-01

Mientras que en los países desarrollados la agricultura familiar es vista como algo anacrónico, en los países en vía de desarrollo continúa siendo percibida como un modelo agrícola atractivo y funcional para promover el desarrollo rural y el bienestar de la población local, así como una vía para la seguridad alimentaria. En todo caso, la agricultura familiar es difícil de aprehender sea cual fuere el área geográfica de estudio, al ser un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional. En muchas áreas r...

La Terapia Familiar en el tratamiento de las adicciones

OpenAIRE

Marcos Sierra, Juan Antonio; Garrido Fernández, Miguel

2009-01-01

En este trabajo se presenta un breve recorrido histórico sobre el papel de la terapia familiar en el tratamiento de las adicciones. Siguiendo la propuesta de Rolland y Walsh (1996) se analizan con detenimiento los modelos centrados en la resolución de problemas y los modelos intergeneracionales. El objetivo básico del artículo es mostrar las aportaciones de las diferentes perspectivas y contribuir a enfoques más integradores en el tratamiento familiar de las adicciones. En esta...

Desarrollo de la personalidad y virtudes sociales: relaciones en el contexto educativo familiar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Consuelo Martínez-Priego

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La multiculturalidad ha conducido al replanteamiento de la problemática de la consistencia social; es decir, la cohesión entre los diversos miembros de la sociedad. Para abordar el problema educativo, pueden estudiarse las condiciones psicológicas y pedagógicas ligadas todas ellas al contexto familiar. Son las condiciones familiares -los estilos y dinámicas familiares- las que posibilitan un desarrollo armónico de la personalidad que permita la sociabilidad. Por otro lado, son los vínculos familiares también, la condición para el desarrollo de virtudes que han venido a denominarse "sociales". El objetivo de este trabajo es, precisamente, describir los nexos que vinculan la educación familiar con las dos variables indicadas: el desarrollo de la personalidad y el crecimiento de las virtudes que favorecen la consistencia social. Se hacen también observaciones que apuntan al nexo real existente entre personalidad y desarrollo de las virtudes.

Musical Expertise Increases Top–Down Modulation Over Hippocampal Activation during Familiarity Decisions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre Gagnepain

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The hippocampus has classically been associated with episodic memory, but is sometimes also recruited during semantic memory tasks, especially for the skilled exploration of familiar information. Cognitive control mechanisms guiding semantic memory search may benefit from the set of cognitive processes at stake during musical training. Here, we examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging, whether musical expertise would promote the top–down control of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG over the generation of hippocampally based goal-directed thoughts mediating the familiarity judgment of proverbs and musical items. Analyses of behavioral data confirmed that musical experts more efficiently access familiar melodies than non-musicians although such increased ability did not transfer to verbal semantic memory. At the brain level, musical expertise specifically enhanced the recruitment of the hippocampus during semantic access to melodies, but not proverbs. Additionally, hippocampal activation contributed to speed of access to familiar melodies, but only in musicians. Critically, causal modeling of neural dynamics between LIFG and the hippocampus further showed that top–down excitatory regulation over the hippocampus during familiarity decision specifically increases with musical expertise – an effect that generalized across melodies and proverbs. At the local level, our data show that musical expertise modulates the online recruitment of hippocampal response to serve semantic memory retrieval of familiar melodies. The reconfiguration of memory network dynamics following musical training could constitute a promising framework to understand its ability to preserve brain functions.

ERP correlates of source memory: unitized source information increases familiarity-based retrieval.

Science.gov (United States)

Diana, Rachel A; Van den Boom, Wijnand; Yonelinas, Andrew P; Ranganath, Charan

2011-01-07

Source memory tests typically require subjects to make decisions about the context in which an item was encoded and are thought to depend on recollection of details from the study episode. Although it is generally believed that familiarity does not contribute to source memory, recent behavioral studies have suggested that familiarity may also support source recognition when item and source information are integrated, or "unitized," during study (Diana, Yonelinas, and Ranganath, 2008). However, an alternative explanation of these behavioral findings is that unitization affects the manner in which recollection contributes to performance, rather than increasing familiarity-based source memory. To discriminate between these possibilities, we conducted an event-related potential (ERP) study testing the hypothesis that unitization increases the contribution of familiarity to source recognition. Participants studied associations between words and background colors using tasks that either encouraged or discouraged unitization. ERPs were recorded during a source memory test for background color. The results revealed two distinct neural correlates of source recognition: a frontally distributed positivity that was associated with familiarity-based source memory in the high-unitization condition only and a parietally distributed positivity that was associated with recollection-based source memory in both the high- and low-unitization conditions. The ERP and behavioral findings provide converging evidence for the idea that familiarity can contribute to source recognition, particularly when source information is encoded as an item detail. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects on topic familiarity on online search behaviour and use of relevance criteria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wen, Lei; Ruthven, Ian; Borlund, Pia

2006-01-01

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of topic familiarity on the assessment behaviour of online searchers. In particular we investigate the effect of topic familiarity on the resources and relevance criteria used by searchers. Our results indicate that searching on an unfamiliar...... topic leads to use of more generic and fewer specialised resources and that searchers employ different relevance criteria when searching on less familiar topics....

A sucessão da empresa familiar : importância dos pactos parassociais e outros instrumentos relevantes para a preservação da empresa e da propriedade familiar

OpenAIRE

Nóbrega, João Rafael de Farias Furtado

2012-01-01

O tema A sucessão da empresa familiar: importância dos pactos parassociais e outros instrumentos relevantes para a preservação da empresa e da propriedade familiar foi escolhido em decorrência do panorama atual em que se encontram as empresas familiares brasileiras, considerando especialmente sua alta taxa de mortalidade, que é, contraditoriamente, tão elevada quanto sua importância no cenário econômico nacional. Por esse motivo, ao longo do trabalho, serão abordados temas relac...

Boys Affiliate More than Girls with a Familiar Same-Sex Peer

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Benenson, Joyce F.; Quinn, Amanda; Stella, Sandra

2012-01-01

Evidence from ethnographic, observational, and experimental studies with humans converges to suggest that males affiliate more than females with unrelated, familiar same-sex peers, but this has never been examined directly. With this aim, we compared frequency of affiliation with a single, randomly chosen, familiar same-sex peer for the two sexes…

Corpo e linguagem em Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho, e “Meu tio o iauaretê”, de João Guimarães Rosa

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Márcia Marques de Morais

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho intenta refletir sobre a relação entre corpo e linguagem, a partir dos modos como ela é encenada em Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho, e “Meu tio o iauaretê, de Guimarães Rosa. No romance de Carvalho, narradores, agenciados pelo narrador-romancista, tentam esclarecer, a partir de múltiplos relatos, o suicídio de Buell Quain, que mutilou o próprio corpo, aniquilando-se, como resposta a um conflito entre seus desejos e o processo civilizatório que incide na existência de cada sujeito e a constitui. No conto de Rosa, por sua vez, o leitor depara com um narrador-escritor que, encenando o discurso oscilante do onceiro-jaguar, relata como o matou para salvar-se de ser devorado. Trata-se, portanto, de uma narrativa sobre a aniquilação de um corpo que, como último recurso à sobrevivência, volta-se à natureza animalesca, diante da incidência da linguagem impossível de realizar-se satisfatoriamente na língua (dominadora do outro. Como recursos a essa reflexão, são agenciadas a concepção de linguagem de Benveniste (1989a, 1989b, 1976a, 1976b, a noção de ficção de Iser (2002 e a leitura do conto de Rosa feita por Wey (2005.

DESVALIMIENTO PSIQUICO Y VIOLENCIA FAMILIAR EN DOS AREAS DE CORDOBA. ARGENTINA

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Martha Beatriz Melo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo intenta explorar las relaciones entre lo que denominamos «desvalimiento psíquico individual y familiar» y las posibilidades de enfrentar con éxito situaciones de violencia familiar Dicho concepto alude a factores de riesgo que afectan el normal desarrollo de la personalidad, generando un estado de indefensión psíquica que se reproduce, muchas veces, de generación en generación Se establecieron relaciones entre indicadores de vulnerabilidad social: capital humano, material y social. Particularmente este último se relaciona de manera directa con la posibilidad de modificar situaciones adversas tales como la violencia familiar. La investigación fue realizada en el sur de Córdoba Capital en dos zonas altamente vulnerables desde el punto de vista de los escasos recursos materiales y humanos pero con diferentes niveles de capital social. En este contexto y previo analizar los aportes de otras investigaciones realizadas, se pondera el capital social de las zonas analizadas y se lo relaciona con las posibilidades de una comunidad de enfrentar exitosamente problemas de violencia familiar.

Affective significance enhances covert attention: roles of anxiety and word familiarity.

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Calvo, Manuel G; Eysenck, Michael W

2008-11-01

To investigate the processing of emotional words by covert attention, threat-related, positive, and neutral word primes were presented parafoveally (2.2 degrees away from fixation) for 150 ms, under gaze-contingent foveal masking, to prevent eye fixations. The primes were followed by a probe word in a lexical-decision task. In Experiment 1, results showed a parafoveal threat-anxiety superiority: Parafoveal prime threat words facilitated responses to probe threat words for high-anxiety individuals, in comparison with neutral and positive words, and relative to low-anxiety individuals. This reveals an advantage in threat processing by covert attention, without differences in overt attention. However, anxiety was also associated with greater familiarity with threat words, and the parafoveal priming effects were significantly reduced when familiarity was covaried out. To further examine the role of word knowledge, in Experiment 2, vocabulary and word familiarity were equated for low- and high-anxiety groups. In these conditions, the parafoveal threat-anxiety advantage disappeared. This suggests that the enhanced covert-attention effect depends on familiarity with words.

Color preference and familiarity in performance on brand logo recall.

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Huang, Kuo-Chen; Lin, Chin-Chiuan; Chiang, Shu-Ying

2008-10-01

Two experiments assessed effects of color preference and brand-logo familiarity on recall performance. Exp. 1 explored the color preferences, using a forced-choice technique, of 189 women and 63 men, Taiwanese college students ages 18 to 20 years (M = 19.4, SD = 1.5). The sequence of the three most preferred colors was white, light blue, and black and of the three least preferred colors was light orange, dark violet, and dark brown. Exp. 2 investigated the effects of color preference based on the results of Exp. 1 and brand-logo familiarity on recall. A total of 27 women and 21 men, Taiwanese college students ages 18 to 20 years (M = 19.2, SD = 1.2) participated. They memorized a list of 24 logos (four logos shown in six colors) and then performed sequential recall. Analyses showed color preference significantly affected recall accuracy. Accuracy for high color preference was significantly greater than that for low preferences. Results showed no significant effects of brand-logo familiarity or sex on accuracy. In addition, the interactive effect of color preference and brand-logo familiarity on accuracy was significant. These results have implications for the design of brand logos to create and sustain memory of brand images.

Physical therapists familiarity and beliefs about health services utilization and health seeking behaviour.

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Clewley, Derek; Rhon, Dan; Flynn, Tim; Koppenhaver, Shane; Cook, Chad

2018-02-21

Physical therapists' familiarity, perceptions, and beliefs about health services utilization and health seeking behaviour have not been previously assessed. The purposes of this study were to identify physical therapists' characteristics related to familiarity of health services utilization and health seeking behaviour, and to assess what health seeking behaviour factors providers felt were related to health services utilization. We administered a survey based on the Andersen behavioural model of health services utilization to physical therapists using social media campaigns and email between March and June of 2017. In addition to descriptive statistics, we performed binomial logistic regression analysis. We asked respondents to rate familiarity with health services utilization and health seeking behaviour and collected additional characteristic variables. Physical therapists are more familiar with health services utilization than health seeking behaviour. Those who are familiar with either construct tend to be those who assess for health services utilization, use health services utilization for a prognosis, and believe that health seeking behaviour is measurable. Physical therapists rated need and enabling factors as having more influence on health services utilization than predisposing and health belief factors. Physical therapists are generally familiar with health services utilization and health seeking behaviour; however, there appears to be a disconnect between what is familiar, what is perceived to be important, and what can be assessed for both health services utilization and health seeking behaviour. Copyright © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia. All rights reserved.

Predicting Intentions of a Familiar Significant Other Beyond the Mirror Neuron System

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Stephanie Cacioppo

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Inferring intentions of others is one of the most intriguing issues in interpersonal interaction. Theories of embodied cognition and simulation suggest that this mechanism takes place through a direct and automatic matching process that occurs between an observed action and past actions. This process occurs via the reactivation of past self-related sensorimotor experiences within the inferior frontoparietal network (including the mirror neuron system, MNS. The working model is that the anticipatory representations of others' behaviors require internal predictive models of actions formed from pre-established, shared representations between the observer and the actor. This model suggests that observers should be better at predicting intentions performed by a familiar actor, rather than a stranger. However, little is known about the modulations of the intention brain network as a function of the familiarity between the observer and the actor. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI with a behavioral intention inference task, in which participants were asked to predict intentions from three types of actors: A familiar actor (their significant other, themselves (another familiar actor, and a non-familiar actor (a stranger. Our results showed that the participants were better at inferring intentions performed by familiar actors than non-familiar actors and that this better performance was associated with greater activation within and beyond the inferior frontoparietal network i.e., in brain areas related to familiarity (e.g., precuneus. In addition, and in line with Hebbian principles of neural modulations, the more the participants reported being cognitively close to their partner, the less the brain areas associated with action self-other comparison (e.g., inferior parietal lobule, attention (e.g., superior parietal lobule, recollection (hippocampus, and pair bond (ventral tegmental area, VTA were recruited, suggesting that the

PENGARUH BRAND FAMILIARITY TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION MELALUI BRAND FIT PADA HOTEL MULIA JAKARTA

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Widiawaty .

2016-01-01

The purpose this paper is to examine the effects of Brand familiarity and Brand Fit on Purchase Intention towards the offerings of co branded hotels. The findings showed that the fit between cobrands mediate the relationship between Brand familiarity and Purchase Intention. In particular, a well-known co-branded hotel a high level of Brand Fit could directly or indirectly affect consumer decision-making processes regarding Purchase Intention towards the co-brand. conversely, a less familiar c...

The use of cue familiarity during retrieval failure is affected by past versus future orientation.

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Cleary, Anne M

2015-01-01

Cue familiarity that is brought on by cue resemblance to memory representations is useful for judging the likelihood of a past occurrence with an item that fails to actually be retrieved from memory. The present study examined the extent to which this type of resemblance-based cue familiarity is used in future-oriented judgments made during retrieval failure. Cue familiarity was manipulated using a previously-established method of creating differing degrees of feature overlap between the cue and studied items in memory, and the primary interest was in how these varying degrees of cue familiarity would influence future-oriented feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments given in instances of cued recall failure. The present results suggest that participants do use increases in resemblance-based cue familiarity to infer an increased likelihood of future recognition of an unretrieved target, but not to the extent that they use it to infer an increased likelihood of past experience with an unretrieved target. During retrieval failure, the increase in future-oriented FOK judgments with increasing cue familiarity was significantly less than the increase in past-oriented recognition judgments with increasing cue familiarity.

Empresas familiares frente a las crisis

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María Guadalupe Serna

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo llevo a cabo una reflexión sobre los efectos de las crisis de 1984-1985 y 1994-1995 en un pequeño grupo de empresas familiares localizadas en la ciudad de Aguascalientes. Exploro el tipo de recursos tangibles e intangibles con los que contaban sus propietarios durante esos periodos, los apoyos que tenían a su disposición, así como las distintas formas en que respondieron y se adaptaron a las condiciones económicas prevalecientes. Analizo las distintas acciones adoptadas por los propietarios para hacer frente a las condiciones económicas prevalecientes, así como la forma en que algunas veces la crisis en puerta impulsó o bien obstaculizó el proyecto empresarial. Para ello empleo el concepto de capital social que resulta de gran utilidad para explicar las diversas condiciones en que surgen y se desarrollan las pequeñas empresas familiares, así como sus distintas posibilidades de éxito en condiciones de crisis.

Familiarity Detection is an Intrinsic Property of Cortical Microcircuits with Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity.

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Zhang, Xiaoyu; Ju, Han; Penney, Trevor B; VanDongen, Antonius M J

2017-01-01

Humans instantly recognize a previously seen face as "familiar." To deepen our understanding of familiarity-novelty detection, we simulated biologically plausible neural network models of generic cortical microcircuits consisting of spiking neurons with random recurrent synaptic connections. NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity was implemented to allow for unsupervised learning and bidirectional modifications. Network spiking activity evoked by sensory inputs consisting of face images altered synaptic efficacy, which resulted in the network responding more strongly to a previously seen face than a novel face. Network size determined how many faces could be accurately recognized as familiar. When the simulated model became sufficiently complex in structure, multiple familiarity traces could be retained in the same network by forming partially-overlapping subnetworks that differ slightly from each other, thereby resulting in a high storage capacity. Fisher's discriminant analysis was applied to identify critical neurons whose spiking activity predicted familiar input patterns. Intriguingly, as sensory exposure was prolonged, the selected critical neurons tended to appear at deeper layers of the network model, suggesting recruitment of additional circuits in the network for incremental information storage. We conclude that generic cortical microcircuits with bidirectional synaptic plasticity have an intrinsic ability to detect familiar inputs. This ability does not require a specialized wiring diagram or supervision and can therefore be expected to emerge naturally in developing cortical circuits.

Children do not exhibit ambiguity aversion despite intact familiarity bias.

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Li, Rosa; Brannon, Elizabeth M; Huettel, Scott A

2014-01-01

The phenomenon of ambiguity aversion, in which risky gambles with known probabilities are preferred over ambiguous gambles with unknown probabilities, has been thoroughly documented in adults but never measured in children. Here, we use two distinct tasks to investigate ambiguity preferences of children (8- to 9-year-olds) and a comparison group of adults (19- to 27-year-olds). Across three separate measures, we found evidence for significant ambiguity aversion in adults but not in children and for greater ambiguity aversion in adults compared to children. As ambiguity aversion in adults has been theorized to result from a preference to bet on the known and avoid the unfamiliar, we separately measured familiarity bias and found that children, like adults, are biased towards the familiar. Our findings indicate that ambiguity aversion emerges across the course of development between childhood and adolescence, while a familiarity bias is already present in childhood.

Dogs and their human companions: the effect of familiarity on dog-human interactions.

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Kerepesi, Andrea; Dóka, Antal; Miklósi, Ádám

2015-01-01

There are few quantitative examinations of the extent to which dogs discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar persons. In our study we have investigated whether dogs show differential behaviour towards humans of different degrees of familiarity (owner, familiar person, unfamiliar person). Dogs and humans were observed in eight test situations: (1) Three-way strange situation test, (2) Calling in from food, (3) Obedience test, (4) Walking away, (5) Threatening approach, (6) Playful interaction, (7) Food inhibition test and (8) Manipulation of the dog's body. Dogs distinguished between the owner and the two other test partners in those tests which involved separation from the owner (Test 1, 4), were aversive for the dog (Test 5) or involved playing interaction (Test 6). Our results revealed that the owner cannot be replaced by a familiar person in situations provoking elevated anxiety and fear. In contrasts, dogs did not discriminate between the owner and the familiar person in those tests that were based on obedient behaviour or behaviour towards an assertive person (Tests 2, 3, 7 and 8). Dogs' former training experience reduced the difference between their behaviour towards the owner and the familiar person in situations requiring obedience but it did not mask it totally. The dogs' behaviour towards each of the humans participating in the tests was consistent all over the test series. In summary, dogs discriminated between their owner and the unfamiliar person and always preferred the owner to the unfamiliar person. However, the discrimination between the owner and the familiar person is context-specific. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Canine Behavior. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DIFICULDADES DE MECANIZAÇÃO AGRÍCOLA NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR BRASILEIRA

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Winny Silva Trugilho

2017-05-01

Full Text Available A produtividade do setor agrícola brasileiro e a oferta do produto final ao mercado consumidor estão diretamente relacionadas com a mecanização em todas as etapas do processo produtivo. No entanto, poucos agricultores familiares possuem acesso à mecanização agrícola devido alto custo do investimento inicial. O presente trabalho descreve as principais dificuldades para a implementação de máquinas agrícolas na agricultura familiar e os principais problemas da mecanização. Contudo, pôde-se observar que a mecanização é pouco empregada pelos agricultores familiares, no entanto, as patrulhas agrícolas possibilitam o emprego de máquinas pelos pequenos agricultores.

Smells familiar: group-joining decisions of predatory mites are mediated by olfactory cues of social familiarity☆

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Muleta, Muluken G.; Schausberger, Peter

2013-01-01

Group-living animals frequently have to trade off the costs and benefits of leaving an established group and joining another group. Owing to their high fitness relevance, group-joining decisions are commonly nonrandom and may be based on traits of both individual members and the group such as life stage, body size, social status and group density or size, respectively. Many group-living animals are able to recognize and to associate preferentially with familiar individuals, i.e. those encountered before. Hence, after dispersing from established groups, animals commonly have to decide whether to join a new familiar or unfamiliar group. Using binary choice situations we assessed the effects of social familiarity on group-joining behaviour of the plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Group living in P. persimilis is brought about by the patchy distribution of its spider mite prey and mutual conspecific attraction. In the first experiment, gravid predator females given a choice between spider mite patches occupied by unfamiliar and familiar groups of females strongly preferred to join familiar groups and to deposit their eggs in these patches. Preference for socially familiar groups was robust across biases of spider mite prey densities between choice options. The second experiment revealed that the predatory mite females can smell social familiarity from a distance. Females subjected to odour choice situations in artificial cages were more strongly attracted to the odour of familiar than unfamiliar groups. We argue that P. persimilis females preferentially join socially familiar groups because a familiar social environment relaxes competition and optimizes foraging and reproduction. PMID:24027341

Visual laterality in dolphins: importance of the familiarity of stimuli

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2012-01-01

Background Many studies of cerebral asymmetries in different species lead, on the one hand, to a better understanding of the functions of each cerebral hemisphere and, on the other hand, to develop an evolutionary history of hemispheric laterality. Our animal model is particularly interesting because of its original evolutionary path, i.e. return to aquatic life after a terrestrial phase. The rare reports concerning visual laterality of marine mammals investigated mainly discrimination processes. As dolphins are migrant species they are confronted to a changing environment. Being able to categorize new versus familiar objects would allow dolphins a rapid adaptation to novel environments. Visual laterality could be a prerequisite to this adaptability. To date, no study, to our knowledge, has analyzed the environmental factors that could influence their visual laterality. Results We investigated visual laterality expressed spontaneously at the water surface by a group of five common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in response to various stimuli. The stimuli presented ranged from very familiar objects (known and manipulated previously) to familiar objects (known but never manipulated) to unfamiliar objects (unknown, never seen previously). At the group level, dolphins used their left eye to observe very familiar objects and their right eye to observe unfamiliar objects. However, eyes are used indifferently to observe familiar objects with intermediate valence. Conclusion Our results suggest different visual cerebral processes based either on the global shape of well-known objects or on local details of unknown objects. Moreover, the manipulation of an object appears necessary for these dolphins to construct a global representation of an object enabling its immediate categorization for subsequent use. Our experimental results pointed out some cognitive capacities of dolphins which might be crucial for their wild life given their fission-fusion social system

Visual laterality in dolphins: importance of the familiarity of stimuli

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Blois-Heulin Catherine

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Many studies of cerebral asymmetries in different species lead, on the one hand, to a better understanding of the functions of each cerebral hemisphere and, on the other hand, to develop an evolutionary history of hemispheric laterality. Our animal model is particularly interesting because of its original evolutionary path, i.e. return to aquatic life after a terrestrial phase. The rare reports concerning visual laterality of marine mammals investigated mainly discrimination processes. As dolphins are migrant species they are confronted to a changing environment. Being able to categorize new versus familiar objects would allow dolphins a rapid adaptation to novel environments. Visual laterality could be a prerequisite to this adaptability. To date, no study, to our knowledge, has analyzed the environmental factors that could influence their visual laterality. Results We investigated visual laterality expressed spontaneously at the water surface by a group of five common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus in response to various stimuli. The stimuli presented ranged from very familiar objects (known and manipulated previously to familiar objects (known but never manipulated to unfamiliar objects (unknown, never seen previously. At the group level, dolphins used their left eye to observe very familiar objects and their right eye to observe unfamiliar objects. However, eyes are used indifferently to observe familiar objects with intermediate valence. Conclusion Our results suggest different visual cerebral processes based either on the global shape of well-known objects or on local details of unknown objects. Moreover, the manipulation of an object appears necessary for these dolphins to construct a global representation of an object enabling its immediate categorization for subsequent use. Our experimental results pointed out some cognitive capacities of dolphins which might be crucial for their wild life given their

LIVING WITH THE PSYCHOTIC IN THE FAMILIAR POINT OF VIEW

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Cíntia Nasi

2006-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: A lot of people live situations of mental sickness, from psychotic character, that can cause suffering both for the sick and his family. We believe that try this situation means to live with limitations and wearings in the familiar everyday, what makes difficult the living with the psychotic person. Considering these aspects, this research has the purpose of knowing the familiar perception about his living with a psychotic bearer person. It is about a qualitative, explorative and descriptive study, developed in a northwest city of Rio Grande do Sul state, called Ijuí. The people of the investigation are composed of five psychotic’s parents, which frequent the socioterapy group in Gloria district. The information collection happened trough open interviews, recorded and wrote out at all. The analysis of the obtained data followed MINAYO’s (2002 methodological proposition. By the contained information in the stud’s social actor’s declarations, emerged three thematic with a similar nucleus of thoughts. On first thematic, we discussed about the difficulties faced by the familiars in the living with the psychotic in the moment he has the acute symptoms. On the second thematic, we talked about the medical question as bring a therapeutic element that helps the mental sick to keep stable., becoming better the familiars life. The third thematic shows the family conception about mental sickness. With this research we concluded that the living with a mental sick person is taxing for the familiar and, sometimes, there are difficulties to understand the symptoms showed by the sick person. Besides that, the family considers the medication one of the most important possibilities of intervention in the psychotic’s therapy, what is reinforced by the health team that leads with these people. KEY WORDS: Family; Mental Illness; Nursing.

Different impacts of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

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Oh, Jee-Young; Allison, Matthew A; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth

2017-01-01

Although the prevalence rates of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus are slowing in some high-income countries, HTN and diabetes mellitus remain as the two major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. We aimed to observe the association of HTN and diabetes mellitus with all-cause and CVD mortality in older white adults. All community-dwelling Rancho Bernardo Study participants who were at least 55 years old and had carefully measured blood pressure and plasma glucose from 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at the baseline visit (1984-1987, n = 2186) were followed up until death or the last clinic visit in 2013 (median 14.3 years, interquartile range 8.4-21.3). In unadjusted analyses, diabetes mellitus was associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.60] and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.39-2.00); HTN with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.93 (1.73-2.15)] and CVD mortality [hazard ratio 2.45 (2.10-2.93)]. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, including age, BMI, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, exercise, and alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus was associated with CVD mortality only (hazard ratio 1.25, P = 0.0213). Conversely, HTN was associated with both all-cause (hazard ratio 1.34, P diabetes mellitus and HTN was associated with all-cause (hazard ratio 1.38, P = 0.0002) and CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.70, P diabetes mellitus. Having both confers a modest increase in the hazards for these types of mortality.

Abordaje de un grupo familiar con displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica a partir de salud familiar

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Sara Caro de Pallares

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La salud del grupo familiar está sujeta a una complejidad de condiciones socioeconómicas, culturales, ambientales, biológicas, genéticas, psicológicas y relacionales, que configuran los factores condicionantes de la salud. Por lo anterior, la Salud Familiar incide de manera importante en la dinámica poblacional, en el desencadenamiento de la enfermedad, en el cumplimiento de funciones claves en el desarrollo biopsicosocial del ser humano y en las decisiones acerca de la utilización de los servicios de salud. En las familias con enfermedades de origen genético, sus miembros desarrollan temores a morir a una determinada edad. El caso objeto de estudio se presentó en un centro de salud de la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia con una escolar que llegó a control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, quien fue asignada a un estudiante para su seguimiento. Luego de una evaluación médica multidisciplinaria, fue diagnosticada Displasia Ectodérmica Hipohidrotica.

Miastenia gravis familiar: registro de dois irmãos

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Marcos R. G. de Freitas

1985-03-01

Full Text Available A forma familiar da miastenia gravis é condição relativamente rara, ocorrendo em cerca de 3,4% dos pacientes miastênicos. Os autores registram os casos de dois irmãos não-gêmeos, apresentando miastenia gravis com acometimento predominantemente ocular desde o nascimento. Um terceiro irmão faleceu na infância, provavelmente com a mesma afecção. Os pais eram consanguíneos. Estudo da incidência da forma familiar da miastenia e de seus aspectos clínicos, genéticos e terapêuticos complementa os registros.

El programa nacional contra la violencia familiar y sexual y su impacto en la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Perú, período 2003-2009

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Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica; Aguirre Alarcón, Candy Jessica

2012-01-01

El presente estudio de investigación tiene por objetivo probar que a través de la intervención con una gestión de resultados del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, del Ministerio de la Mujer y Desarrollo Social, se contribuye en la reducción de la prevalencia de la violencia familiar y sexual en el Per˙, en el periodo 2004-2009. Teniendo como fuente de datos la información oficial del Programa Nacional Contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, para los periodos 2003 ...

Vivência de violência familiar: homens que violentam suas companheiras Vivencia de violência familiar: hombres que son violentos con sus compañeras Experiencing familiar violence: men who commit violence against their mates

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Nadirlene Pereira Gomes

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetiva compreender os elementos presentes na construção da identidade dos homens que violentam suas companheiras. De abordagem qualitativa, tem como referencial teórico as Representações Sociais. Foi realizado na comunidade do Calafate, localizada no bairro de San Martin/Salvador-BA. Os sujeitos foram compreendidos por 07 homens que violentavam suas companheiras. Como técnica de coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados foram organizados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, especificamente a Análise Temática, no tema eixo: Relação familiar. O estudo permitiu identificar elementos que interferem na construção da identidade de homens que violentam suas companheiras. Estes têm origem no relacionamento familiar marcado por diversos fatores, dentre os quais: ausência de diálogo e agressões físicas.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los elementos presentes en la formación de la identidad de los hombres que emplean la violência contra sus compañeras. El mismo con un enfoque cualitativo, tiene como referencia teórica las Representaciones Sociales. El estudio fue realizado en la comunidad de Calafate, localizada en el bairro San Martin/Salvador-BA. Los sujetos fueron 07 hombres que eran violentos con sus compañeras. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó la entrevista semi estructurada. Estos datos fueron organizados a partir del Análisis de Contenido de Bardin, especificamente, el Análisis Temático, en el tema central: Relación familiar. El estudio permitió identificar los elementos que intervieren en la formación de la identidad de los hombres violentos con sus compañeras. Estes elementos se originan en la relación familiar marcada por diversos factores, entre los cuales estan la ausencia de dialogo y las agresiones físicas.The aim of this study was to understand which elements are present on the construction of the identity of men who commit violence against

Abstraction and the (misnamed) language familiarity effect

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Johnson, E.K.; Bruggeman, L.L.I.C.; Cutler, A.

2018-01-01

Talkers are recognized more accurately if they are speaking the listeners’ native language rather than an unfamiliar language. This "language familiarity effect" has been shown not to depend upon comprehension and must instead involve language sound patterns. We further examine the level of

OS IMPACTOS DA GESTÃO FAMILIAR NOS CONFLITOS E CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL

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Fabio Santarossa Dante

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Frente aos desafios em gestão de pessoas na década presente, os conflitos geracionais alimentam uma discussão sobre quais fatores definem as carreiras e motivam os profissionais. O objetivo central desse artigo é diagnosticar os impactos da gestão familiar nos conflitos e na construção da cultura organizacional em uma prestadora de serviço. Ao final do estudo, tais resultados identificados poderão ser trabalhados como insumos informacionais a empregadores, organizações e profissionais quanto ao entendimento de gestão familiar, conflitos organizacionais e cultura organizacional. Como método de estudo de coleta e análise dos resultados, utilizou-se um questionário desenvolvido para essa própria necessidade divido em 4 etapas, aplicado a 36 pessoas. Os dados foram analisados em forma quantitativa. O resultado é que a empresa é considerada profissional mesmo estando sob uma gestão familiar e que não há conflitos internos dos familiares mas sim conflitos internos organizacionais e que a cultura não é explanada aos funcionários.

GESTIÓN DE LA COMPLEJIDAD ORGANIZACIONAL EN LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES VENEZOLANAS

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Migdlys del Carmen González Marín

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación presenta como objetivo analizar la Gestión de la Complejidad Organizacional en las Empresas Familiares Venezolanas, con este propósito se realizó un estudio de tipo documental con un nivel descriptivo, para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica que permitió analizar la gestión de la complejidad organizacional, aspecto relevante en las empresas familiares, a fin de mejorar el desarrollo y productividad organizacional. En este sentido, se destaca la revisión de teorías, tales como, Teoría del Caos (1960, Morín (2006, entre otros. Entre las principales conclusiones destaca que las empresas familiares requieren establecer nuevos conceptos en la gestión empresarial; tales como, aplicación de las Tics, innovación, creatividad; exigiendo una constante reingeniería organizacional mejorando la competitividad y los resultados empresariales. Es así como, desde una visión prospectiva las empresas familiares puedan presentar problemas, asociadas a insuficiencias en los modos de gestión y a la influencia de un entorno complejo

Salud familiar en familias con adolescente gestante Saúde familiar em famílias com adolescentes gestantes Family health in families with pregnant adolescents

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Martha cecilia Veloza Morales

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación se basó en la teoría de organización sistémica de Marie Louse Friedemann; el objetivo fue describir el grado de salud familiar de familias con adolescente gestante. Estudio Descriptivo transversal comparativo, con abordaje cuantitativo donde se evaluó el grado de salud familiar a 100 familias atendidas en dos instituciones prestadoras de Salud (IPS en Bogotá, Colombia; se organizaron en dos grupos: la mitad de las familias con adolescentes gestantes que presentaron morbilidad en el tercer trimestre del embarazo y la otra mitad que no presentaron morbilidad; para la recolección de la información se utilizó el instrumento ISF GES 19 diseñado, implementado y probado por la doctora Pilar Amaya de Peña. Se obtuvo una visión global acerca de la salud familiar y se comparó el grado de salud familiar de acuerdo con las características halladas en cada uno de los grupos. Se concluye que las familias no sienten o no perciben el riesgo de sufrir o no una patología durante el embarazo, y por tanto, no afecta su grado de salud familiar el cual consideran saludable y satisfecho. Se invita a crear estrategias que conlleven a disminuir los riesgos de salud a que se expone la familia y la madre adolescente.Apesquisa foi baseada na teoria da organização sistémica de Marie Louse Friedemann; o objeto foi descrever o grau de saúde familiar das famílias com adolescentes gestantes. Estu-do descritivo transversal comparativo, com abordagem quan-titativa onde foi avaliado o grau de saúde familiar de 100 famí-lias atendidas em duas instituições fornecedoras de serviços de saúde (IPS em Bogotá, Colômbia. As 100 famílias foram organizadas em dois grupos: a metade das famílias com adolescentes gestantes que apresentaram morbidez no terceiro trimestre de gravidez e a outra metade conformada por aquelas famílias com adolescentes gestantes que não apresentaram morbidez; para a compilação da informação, utilizou-se o

Affect and Cognition in Attitude Formation toward Familiar and Unfamiliar Attitude Objects

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van Giesen, Roxanne I.

2015-01-01

At large attitudes are built on earlier experience with the attitude object. If earlier experiences are not available, as is the case for unfamiliar attitude objects such as new technologies, no stored evaluations exist. Yet, people are still somehow able to construct attitudes on the spot. Depending on the familiarity of the attitude object, attitudes may find their basis more in affect or cognition. The current paper investigates differences in reliance on affect or cognition in attitude formation toward familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects. In addition, individual differences in reliance on affect (high faith in intuition) or cognition (high need for cognition) are taken into account. In an experimental survey among Dutch consumers (N = 1870), we show that, for unfamiliar realistic attitude objects, people rely more on affect than cognition. For familiar attitude objects where both affective and cognitive evaluations are available, high need for cognition leads to more reliance on cognition, and high faith in intuition leads to more reliance on affect, reflecting the influence of individually preferred thinking style. For people with high need for cognition, cognition has a higher influence on overall attitude for both familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects. On the other hand, affect is important for people with high faith in intuition for both familiar and unfamiliar attitude objects and for people with low faith in intuition for unfamiliar attitude objects; this shows that preferred thinking style is less influential for unfamiliar objects. By comparing attitude formation for familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects, this research contributes to understanding situations in which affect or cognition is the better predictor of overall attitudes. PMID:26517876

Affect and Cognition in Attitude Formation toward Familiar and Unfamiliar Attitude Objects.

Science.gov (United States)

van Giesen, Roxanne I; Fischer, Arnout R H; van Dijk, Heleen; van Trijp, Hans C M

2015-01-01

At large attitudes are built on earlier experience with the attitude object. If earlier experiences are not available, as is the case for unfamiliar attitude objects such as new technologies, no stored evaluations exist. Yet, people are still somehow able to construct attitudes on the spot. Depending on the familiarity of the attitude object, attitudes may find their basis more in affect or cognition. The current paper investigates differences in reliance on affect or cognition in attitude formation toward familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects. In addition, individual differences in reliance on affect (high faith in intuition) or cognition (high need for cognition) are taken into account. In an experimental survey among Dutch consumers (N = 1870), we show that, for unfamiliar realistic attitude objects, people rely more on affect than cognition. For familiar attitude objects where both affective and cognitive evaluations are available, high need for cognition leads to more reliance on cognition, and high faith in intuition leads to more reliance on affect, reflecting the influence of individually preferred thinking style. For people with high need for cognition, cognition has a higher influence on overall attitude for both familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects. On the other hand, affect is important for people with high faith in intuition for both familiar and unfamiliar attitude objects and for people with low faith in intuition for unfamiliar attitude objects; this shows that preferred thinking style is less influential for unfamiliar objects. By comparing attitude formation for familiar and unfamiliar realistic attitude objects, this research contributes to understanding situations in which affect or cognition is the better predictor of overall attitudes.

Diversidad y organizaciones familiares

OpenAIRE

Delucca, Norma Edith; Rodríguez Durán, Adriana

2009-01-01

Se presentará una síntesis del nuevo proyecto para el período 2010-2014, en el que se propone investigar las Modalidades de la diversidad, en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y la pareja. La búsqueda apuntará a una indagación en dos campos de problemáticas: 1) la diversidad en relación a las múltiples formas que adquieren hoy las configuraciones vinculares familiares y 2) la diversidad en relación a la conformación sexual de la pareja. Como objetivos específicos se plantea: - Investigar dif...

Os padrões comportamentais que influenciam na longevidade da empresa familiar

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Claudionor Guedes Laimer

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho inserido no âmbito das empresas familiares, tema notadamente preponderante em nossa realidade socioeconômica, tendo como objetivo analisar os padrões comportamentais que influenciam na longevidade da empresa familiar. A pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de casos múltiplos, onde através da coleta de dados com empresas familiares da região norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul com idade superior a 50 anos. Como resultado do estudo foi possível observar a influência direta de padrões comportamentais relacionados à governança, sucessão, regras, acordos e critérios, além de família e valores, como fontes de financiamento externo, consciência da família sobre o seu papel no negócio, mecanismos de proteção patrimonial, reconcentração acionária e distribuição de dividendos na longevidade das empresas familiares. Além disso, foi possível apontar a profissionalização como tendência de padrão comportamental que pode afetar de maneira significativa a perpetuação de tais empresas no futuro. Com base nestas informações, abre-se a possibilidade da realização de um novo estudo visando realmente confirmar se os padrões comportamentais e fatores identificados neste trabalho configuram-se como essenciais para a longevidade das empresas familiares, bem como identificar outras variáveis que possam exercer influência sobre o tema.

The effect of real-world personal familiarity on the speed of face information processing.

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Benjamin Balas

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Previous studies have explored the effects of familiarity on various kinds of visual face judgments, yet the role of familiarity in face processing is not fully understood. Across different face judgments and stimulus sets, the data is equivocal as to whether or not familiarity impacts recognition processes.Here, we examine the effect of real-world personal familiarity in three simple delayed-match-to-sample tasks in which subjects were required to match faces on the basis of orientation (upright v. inverted, gender and identity. We find that subjects had a significant speed advantage with familiar faces in all three tasks, with large effects for the gender and identity matching tasks.Our data indicates that real-world experience with a face exerts a powerful influence on face processing in tasks where identity information is irrelevant, even in tasks that could in principle be solved via low-level cues. These results underscore the importance of experience in shaping visual recognition processes.

Recognition of familiar food activates feeding via an endocrine serotonin signal in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Song, Bo-mi; Faumont, Serge; Lockery, Shawn; Avery, Leon

2013-01-01

Familiarity discrimination has a significant impact on the pattern of food intake across species. However, the mechanism by which the recognition memory controls feeding is unclear. Here, we show that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans forms a memory of particular foods after experience and displays behavioral plasticity, increasing the feeding response when they subsequently recognize the familiar food. We found that recognition of familiar food activates the pair of ADF chemosensory neurons, which subsequently increase serotonin release. The released serotonin activates the feeding response mainly by acting humorally and directly activates SER-7, a type 7 serotonin receptor, in MC motor neurons in the feeding organ. Our data suggest that worms sense the taste and/or smell of novel bacteria, which overrides the stimulatory effect of familiar bacteria on feeding by suppressing the activity of ADF or its upstream neurons. Our study provides insight into the mechanism by which familiarity discrimination alters behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00329.001 PMID:23390589

The Global Solar Dynamo

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Cameron, R. H.; Dikpati, M.; Brandenburg, A.

2017-09-01

A brief summary of the various observations and constraints that underlie solar dynamo research are presented. The arguments that indicate that the solar dynamo is an alpha-omega dynamo of the Babcock-Leighton type are then shortly reviewed. The main open questions that remain are concerned with the subsurface dynamics, including why sunspots emerge at preferred latitudes as seen in the familiar butterfly wings, why the cycle is about 11 years long, and why the sunspot groups emerge tilted with respect to the equator (Joy's law). Next, we turn to magnetic helicity, whose conservation property has been identified with the decline of large-scale magnetic fields found in direct numerical simulations at large magnetic Reynolds numbers. However, magnetic helicity fluxes through the solar surface can alleviate this problem and connect theory with observations, as will be discussed.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DE PROFISSIONALIZAR A GESTÃO DA EMPRESA FAMILIAR PARA SUCESSÃO

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Gregui Becker Luz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo acadêmico aborda o tema empresa familiar e a importância de profissionalizar a gestão desse tipo de organização, especialmente quando a finalidade é preparar a empresa para a sucessão familiar. As empresas familiares são muito importantes para a sociedade, pois elas são a base que sustenta a economia de muitos países, o que eleva a necessidade de estudar sua profissionalização. No objetivo geral do estudo, propôs-se destacar a importância de profissionalizar a gestão de uma empresa familiar prestadora de serviços de reforma de móveis e estofados, localizada na cidade de Novo Hamburgo, a fim de prepará-la para a sucessão familiar. A fundamentação teórica pautou-se em algumas categorias, como: gestão da empresa familiar (BORNHOLDT, 2005; CASILLAS, VÁZQUEZ, DÍAZ, 2007; LODI, 1978, profissionalização (LODI, 1993; RICCA, 2005 e sucessão (GRZYBOVSKI, TEDESCO, 2000. No que diz respeito à metodologia utilizada, a pesquisa foi do tipo exploratória com procedimentos baseados na pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram: pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista não estruturada e observação sistemática. O resultado da análise aponta que as empresas familiares podem se profissionalizar e realizar o processo de sucessão de maneira harmoniosa, desde que adotem práticas de gestão mais racionais e menos personalizadas. Palavras-chave: Empresa familiar. Gestão. Profissionalização. Sucessão.

Influence of text type, topic familiarity, and stuttering frequency on listener recall, comprehension, and mental effort.

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Panico, James; Healey, E Charles

2009-04-01

To determine how text type, topic familiarity, and stuttering frequency influence listener recall, comprehension, and perceived mental effort. Sixty adults listened to familiar and unfamiliar narrative and expository texts produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% stuttering. Participants listened to 4 experimental text samples at only 1 stuttering frequency. After hearing the text samples, each listener performed a free recall task, answered cued recall questions, answered story comprehension questions, and rated their perceived mental effort. Free and cued recall as well as story comprehension scores were higher for narrative than for expository texts. Free and cued recall scores were better for familiar than for unfamiliar stories, although topic familiarity did not affect story comprehension scores. Samples with all levels of stuttering resulted in higher mental effort ratings for both text types and topic familiarities. Stuttering has a greater influence on listener recall and comprehension for narrative than for expository texts. Topic familiarity affects free and cued recall but has no influence on story comprehension. Regardless of the amount of stuttering, mental effort was high for both text types and levels of familiarity.

A familiar font drives early emotional effects in word recognition.

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Kuchinke, Lars; Krause, Beatrix; Fritsch, Nathalie; Briesemeister, Benny B

2014-10-01

The emotional connotation of a word is known to shift the process of word recognition. Using the electroencephalographic event-related potentials (ERPs) approach it has been documented that early attentional processing of high-arousing negative words is shifted at a stage of processing where a presented word cannot have been fully identified. Contextual learning has been discussed to contribute to these effects. The present study shows that a manipulation of the familiarity with a word's shape interferes with these earliest emotional ERP effects. Presenting high-arousing negative and neutral words in a familiar or an unfamiliar font results in very early emotion differences only in case of familiar shapes, whereas later processing stages reveal similar emotional effects in both font conditions. Because these early emotion-related differences predict later behavioral differences, it is suggested that contextual learning of emotional valence comprises more visual features than previously expected to guide early visual-sensory processing. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influencia del clima escolar y familiar en adolescentes, víctimas de ciberacoso

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Jessica Ortega Barón

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El ciberacoso es un fenómeno de creciente preocupación social que afecta cada vez más a niños y adolescentes de todos los países desarrollados. A diferencia de la considerable literatura que hay sobre las relaciones entre el acoso escolar y el contexto familiar y escolar, todavía hay pocos trabajos sobre la influencia de estos entornos sociales en el problema del ciberacoso. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia del contexto escolar y familiar en víctimas de ciberacoso. La muestra estuvo formada por 1.062 adolescentes (51,5% chicos y 48,5% chicas, de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M=14,5; DT=1,62. Se establecieron tres grupos de contraste: cibervíctimas severas, cibervíctimas moderadas y no víctimas de ciberacoso. Los resultados del análisis de varianza indicaron que las cibervíctimas severas en comparación con las no víctimas puntúan significativamente más alto en conflicto familiar y obtienen puntuaciones más bajas en el resto de variables familiares (autoestima familiar, cohesión y expresividad, y variables escolares (implicación, afiliación y ayuda al profesor, consideradas en el estudio. Los análisis de regresión revelaron que la autoestima académica y familiar y algunas dimensiones del clima familiar y escolar predicen la cibervictimización en la adolescencia. Estos novedosos resultados muestran la importancia de incluir a la familia y a la escuela en los programas de prevención del ciberacoso.

Riesgo familiar total en familias con personas mayores, municipio de Funza (Cundinamarca, Colombia

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Vilma Florisa Velásquez Gutiérrez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Caracterizar las familias con personas mayores en el municipio de Funza (Cundinamarca desde el enfoque de Riesgo Familiar Total. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo. Muestra de 71 familias seleccionadas por conveniencia. Se utilizó el instrumento de Riesgo Familiar Total RFT 7-70 (1. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la mitad de las familias son extensas, distribuidas en extensas modificadas (46.5% y extensas (2.8%, con riesgo familiar total alto (47.9%, influido principalmente por las subcategorías "morbilidad en la familia" y "ambiente socioeconómico". Estos son los coeficientes de correlación entre las subcategorías del instrumento RFT 7-70: estilos de vida familiar con ambiente psicoafectivo (0.566, prácticas de salud con morbilidad familiar (.402, estilos de vida familiar con ambiente físico de vivienda (.388, servicios de salud con ambiente físico de la vivienda (.362 y con la morbilidad (.361. Discusión y conclusiones: En las familias colombianas clasificadas en los estratos socioeconómicos uno a tres, los riesgos familiares son asociados con las características de los miembros, la morbimortalidad, el medio ambiente (socioeconómicos, de la vivienda, psicoafectivo, estilo y prácticas de salud y la accesibilidad, disponibilidad y aceptación de los servicios de salud. Todas las familias del estudio tienen riesgo, por tanto requieren atención en salud en todos los niveles de cuidado. Son prioritarias las familias de alto riesgo producto de las precarias condiciones económicas, sociales, educacionales y de salud. El RFT es útil para delinear aspectos de investigación y la práctica.

Novelty vs. familiarity principles in preference decisions: Task-context of past experience matters

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Hsin-I eLiao

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Our preferences are shaped by past experience in many ways, but a systematic understanding of the factors is yet to be achieved. For example, studies of the mere exposure effect show that experience with an item leads to increased liking (familiarity preference, but the exact opposite tendency is found in other studies utilizing dishabituation (novelty preference. Recently, it has been found that image category affects whether familiarity or novelty preference emerges from repeated stimulus exposure (Park, Shimojo, and Shimojo, PNAS 2010. Faces elicited familiarity preference, but natural scenes elicited novelty preference. In their task, preference judgments were made throughout all exposures, raising the question of whether the task-context during exposure was involved. We adapt their paradigm, testing if passive exposure or objective judgment task-contexts lead to different results. Results showed that after passive viewing, familiar faces were preferred, but no preference bias in either direction was found with natural scenes, or with geometric figures (control. After exposure during the objective judgment task, familiar faces were preferred, novel natural scenes were preferred, and no preference bias was found with geometric figures. The overall results replicate the segregation of preference biases across object categories and suggest that the preference for familiar faces and novel natural scenes are modulated by task-context memory at different processing levels or selection involvement. Possible underlying mechanisms of the two types of preferences are discussed.

Destination memory and familiarity: better memory for conversations with Elvis Presley than with unknown people.

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El Haj, Mohamad; Omigie, Diana; Samson, Séverine

2015-06-01

Familiarity is assumed to exert a beneficial effect on memory in older adults. Our paper investigated this issue specifically for destination memory, that is, memory of the destination of previously relayed information. Young and older adults were told familiar (Experiment 1) and unfamiliar (Experiment 2) proverbs associated with pictures depicting faces of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley) or unknown people, with a specific proverb assigned to each face. In a later recognition task, participants were presented with the previously exposed proverb-face pairs and for each pair had to decide whether they had previously relayed the given proverb to the given face. In general, destination performance was found to be higher for familiar than for unfamiliar faces. However while there was no difference between the two groups when the proverbs being relayed were unfamiliar, the advantage of face familiarity on destination memory was present only for older adults when the proverbs being relayed were familiar. Our results show that destination memory in older adults is sensitive to familiarity of both destination and output information.

Percepción de la mujer ejecutiva sobre su trabajo y vida familiar

OpenAIRE

Cárdenas Sánchez, Moraima Victoria; Estela Basaldua, Raúl Alfredo; Noriega de la Melena, Danny; Portales Bernal, William Jesús

2016-01-01

La investigación busca identificar la percepción de la mujer ejecutiva sobre su trabajo, vida familiar y la interacción trabajo-vida familiar, con la finalidad de obtener información que pueda ser útil para las empresas y Estado, y que esta información sea referenciada al momento de elaborar planes relacionados a promover el balance entre el trabajo-vida familiar. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, se entrevistó a 28 mujeres ejecutivas de Lima, que tienen pers...

La organización del trabajo en la agricultura familiar : los hogares con trabajadores familiares renmunerados en la región pampeana : el caso del Partido de Junín

OpenAIRE

Neiman, Melina

2008-01-01

El tema general de investigación de esta Tesis se refiere al proceso de expansión de la condición de remuneración entre los “trabajadores familiares” en las unidades familiares de producción agropecuaria de la región pampeana, de la Argentina. Su estudio es de particular interés para el análisis de los cambios sucedidos en los últimos años en la agricultura familiar pampeana que llevaron al incremento de situaciones de remuneración de los trabajadores familiares como también pa...

Familiarity mediates the relationship between emotional arousal and pleasure during music listening

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van den Bosch, Iris; Salimpoor, Valorie N.; Zatorre, Robert J.

2013-01-01

Emotional arousal appears to be a major contributing factor to the pleasure that listeners experience in response to music. Accordingly, a strong positive correlation between self-reported pleasure and electrodermal activity (EDA), an objective indicator of emotional arousal, has been demonstrated when individuals listen to familiar music. However, it is not yet known to what extent familiarity contributes to this relationship. In particular, as listening to familiar music involves expectations and predictions over time based on veridical knowledge of the piece, it could be that such memory factors plays a major role. Here, we tested such a contribution by using musical stimuli entirely unfamiliar to listeners. In a second experiment we repeated the novel music to experimentally establish a sense of familiarity. We aimed to determine whether (1) pleasure and emotional arousal would continue to correlate when listeners have no explicit knowledge of how the tones will unfold, and (2) whether this could be enhanced by experimentally-induced familiarity. In the first experiment, we presented 33 listeners with 70 unfamiliar musical excerpts in two sessions. There was no relationship between the degree of experienced pleasure and emotional arousal as measured by EDA. In the second experiment, 7 participants listened to 35 unfamiliar excerpts over two sessions separated by 30 min. Repeated exposure significantly increased EDA, even though individuals did not explicitly recall having heard all the pieces before. Furthermore, increases in self-reported familiarity significantly enhanced experienced pleasure and there was a general, though not significant, increase in EDA. These results suggest that some level of expectation and predictability mediated by prior exposure to a given piece of music play an important role in the experience of emotional arousal in response to music. PMID:24046738

Cambio familiar y maltrato conyugal a la mujer

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Meil Landwerlin, Gerardo

2004-04-01

Full Text Available According to family resources theory, the empowerment of women caused by the different dimensions of family change during the last decades (deinstitutionalization of the family, female work, higher education, etc has brought about a greater say in the process of negotiation of gender roles inside the family and the couple life. This impowerment of women should have implied also a lower degree of partner violence against women in “modern” family life settings. Based on a survey on violence against women carried out in 1999 in Spain among 20.000 women, the paper analyses using logistic regressions models if different dimensions of family change (female work, cohabitation, among others are associated with lower risks of partner violence against women. Results from such type of analyses show that there is little support to suppose that family change and the corresponding empowerment of women which it implies will bring about a lower risk of partner violence against women.

Según la teoría de los recursos, la ganancia de recursos de poder por parte de las mujeres derivada de las distintas dimensiones del cambio familiar (desintitucionalización de la familia, incorporación de la mujer al mercado de trabajo, mayor nivel educativo, etc. ha comportado un mayor poder de negociación del contenido de los roles familiares y domésticos. Esta ganancia en recursos de poder debería haberse traducido en una menor violencia conyugal contra las mujeres que viven en uniones “modernas”. A partir de la macroencuesta sobre violencia de género realizada por el Instituto de la Mujer en 1999 se analiza si las distintas dimensiones del cambio familiar están asociadas con un menor riesgo de maltrato. Los resultados obtenidos mediante ajustes de regresión logística indican que el cambio familiar y el correspondiente aumento de poder de negociación de las mujeres no se ha traducido automáticamente en una reducción del riesgo de maltrato.

Implicación familiar, autoconcepto del adolescente y rendimiento académico

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Ana Álvarez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación específica entre las diferentes formas de implicación familiar, las dimensiones del autoconcepto del estudiante y su rendimiento académico. En el estudio han participado 503 estudiantes de la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO y el primer curso de Bachillerato. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de dos inventarios (Cuestionario de Implicación Familiar –CIF-, Escala de Evaluación del Autoconcepto -ESEA-2 y las calificaciones académicas. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis multivariados de la varianza y a través de análisis de senderos. Los resultados mostraron relación significativa entre las dimensiones de la implicación familiar percibida y las dimensiones del autoconcepto, excepto el reforzamiento de logro. Por otra parte, la relación entre implicación familiar percibida y rendimiento académico es mediada parcialmente por el autoconcepto académico.

LA SUCESIÓN EXITOSA EN LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES

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María Roselia Aira

2016-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo general de investigación fue establecer las características requeridas para la sucesión exitosa en empresas familiares del Estado Carabobo. La metodología se sustenta en la indagación exploratoria y descriptiva, apoyada en un esquema de investigación cualitativa empleando la entrevista. Los resultados del estudio consideran que la empresa familiar está en manos de personas que son familia, con capacidad profesional, confianza, tolerancia, lealtad, colaboración y comunicación. Con características de liderazgo, rol de mando, adecuado uso de recursos de la empresa y negociación en condiciones favorables, búsqueda de resultados económicos satisfactorios. Con actitudes concretas que implican compromiso, integración afectiva y proactividad.

Características familiares asociadas a violencia filio-parental en adolescentes

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Esther Calvete

2014-10-01

Full Text Available La violencia filio-parental (VFP constituye un área de creciente interés. Los estudios previos apuntan a factores familiares dispares como elementos explicativos de la VFP, tales como exposición a la violencia, la negligencia emocional y el estilo permisivo de crianza. Este estudio evaluó la asociación de estos factores con la ocurrencia de VFP física y psicológica severa. Un total de 1698 adolescentes (870 chicos y 828 chicas, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años contestaron medidas de VFP, exposición a la violencia familiar, afecto y comunicación, abandono parental y estilo permisivo de crianza. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión logística indicaron que los bajos niveles de afecto y comunicación se asociaban a todas las formas de VFP. Ser testigo de la violencia familiar se asoció a la VFP física contra padres mientras que la victimización directa familiar lo hizo con la VFP física contra madres y la VFP psicológica contra ambos progenitores. El estilo permisivo se asoció a la VFP psicológica severa pero no a la física.

El acogimiento familiar de la infancia: modelos de familia y contextos de intervención social

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Poyatos García, Ana

2015-01-01

El acogimiento familiar de la infancia: modelos de familia y contextos de intervención social La tesis es un estudio microsocial del acogimiento familiar de la infancia en situación de abandono o desamparo desde la mirada del Trabajo Social. Tiene como objetivo evidenciar las transformaciones acontecidas en el acogimiento familiar y su influencia en el bienestar de los/as menores acogidos en la Comunidad Valenciana; las diferencias y similitudes de los modelos de acogimiento familiar en re...

Product placement in video games: The effect of brand familiarity and repetition on consumers´ memory

OpenAIRE

Martí Parreño, José; Bermejo Berros, Jesús; Aldás Manzano, Joaquín

2017-01-01

Product placement in video games is gaining momentum as a means to target audiences in an indirect and engaging way. This research uses a 2 (high repetition vs low repetition) x 2 (high brand familiarity vs low brand familiarity) factorial design to test the effects of repetition and brand familiarity on consumers’ memory for brands placed in video games. Results suggest that consumers recall better familiar than unfamiliar brands placed in the video game and repetition increases recall for f...

Community pharmacists' involvement in smoking cessation: familiarity and implementation of the National smoking cessation guideline in Finland

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Sandström Patrick

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Guidelines on smoking cessation (SC emphasize healthcare cooperation and community pharmacists' involvement. This study explored the familiarity and implementation of the National SC Guideline in Finnish community pharmacies, factors relating to Guideline familiarity, implementation and provision of SC services. Methods A nationwide mail survey was sent to a systematic, sample of community pharmacy owners and staff pharmacists (total n = 2291. Response rate was 54% (n = 1190. Factors related to the SC Guideline familiarity were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Almost half (47% of the respondents (n = 1190 were familiar with the SC Guideline and familiarity enhanced Guideline implementation. The familiarity was associated with the respondents' perceptions of their personal SC skills and knowledge (OR 3.8; of customers' value of counseling on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT (OR 3.3; and regular use of a pocket card supporting SC counseling (OR 3.0. Pharmacists' workplaces' characteristics, such as size and geographical location were not associated with familiarity. In addition to recommending NRT, the pharmacists familiar with the Guideline used more frequently other Guideline-based SC methods, such as recommended non-pharmacological SC aids, compared to unfamiliar respondents. Conclusions SC Guideline familiarity and implementation is crucial for community pharmacists' involvement in SC actions in addition to selling NRT products. Pharmacists can constitute a potential public health resource in SC easily accessible throughout the country.

Mortalidade materna na perspectiva do familiar Mortalidad materna en la perspectiva del familiar Maternal mortality on the family members' perspective

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Flávia Azevedo Gomes

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A mortalidade materna é um dos indicadores do desenvolvimento de saúde e social de um país. É uma tragédia para a família, pois a morte da mãe priva a criança da amamentação e do contato materno, e pelo fato de caber à mulher manter a unidade da família. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o significado da morte atribuído por familiares das mulheres falecidas por causas maternas. A população foi constituída por dez familiares de sete mulheres que morreram durante o ciclo grávido-puerperal no município de Ribeirão Preto. Realizamos visitas domiciliares e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista dada pelo familiar da mulher. Para a análise dos dados, utilizamos a análise temática, em que depreendemos três categorias temáticas: significado da morte materna, vivenciando a mortalidade materna na família e vivenciando a mortalidade materna na instituição de saúde. As visitas domiciliares confirmaram que existem fatores coadjuvantes que influenciaram na ocorrência das mortes maternas.La mortalidad materna es uno de los indicadores del desarrollo en salud y social de un país. Es una tragedia para la familia, pues la muerte de la madre priva al niño del amamantamiento y del contacto materno, y por el hecho de que cabe a la mujer mantener la unidad de la familia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el significado de la muerte atribuido por familiares de las mujeres fallecidas por causas maternas. La población estuvo constituida por diez familiares de siete mujeres que murieron durante el ciclo grávido-puerperal en el municipio de Ribeirão Preto. Se efectuaron visitas domiciliarias y la recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de entrevista al familiar de la mujer. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el análisis temático, desprendiéndose tres categorías temáticas: significado de la muerte materna, vivenciando la mortalidad materna en la familia y vivenciando la mortalidad

Calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares

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Clara Inés Giraldo Molina

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es describir, desde la perspectiva etnográfica, cómo podría estar afectada la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con dependencia funcional, como consecuencia del desempeño del rol de cuidador, y según su percepción. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo etnográfico, con apoyo en la etnografía enfocada, en 14 cuidadoras familiares de adultos mayores de 65 años, con más de seis meses a su cuidado, en el municipio de Envigado, Colombia, en 2002, y una muestra de quince entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis de las entrevistas identificó siete grandes temas o categorías con las percepciones de las cuidadoras sobre su rol y los efectos de éste en su calidad de vida: significado de calidad de vida, percepción de la cuidadora sobre el rol de cuidadora, consecuencias del rol sobre su salud física y mental, relaciones cuidadora y persona cuidada, conocimientos y aprendizajes sobre el cuidado de las personas, apoyos que recibe la cuidadora para el cuidado, y la invisibilidad del trabajo de las cuidadoras. Las categorías que emergieron coinciden con las de otros estudios; se hace énfasis en la categoría "la invisibilidad del trabajo de la cuidadora familiar", en tanto es la menos documentada en la literatura, y en la importancia del acercamiento a los valores y las tradiciones de grupos para la interpretación de las respuestas de su vida social.

RESTABELECIMENTO DO PODER FAMILIAR: reintegração à família natural

OpenAIRE

Trentin, Fernanda; Unoesc - São Miguel do Oeste; Lamberti Pasini, Vivian Carla; Unoesc - Campus São Miguel do Oeste

2015-01-01

Ante a possibilidade dos pais perderem a o poder familiar de seus filhos, necessária se faz a análise acerca de restabelecimento de tal vínculo. Assim, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade do restabelecimento do poder familiar nos casos cujos pais consigam comprovar a superação da situação que ensejou o processo judicial de destituição. A ação de destituição do poder familiar somente é aplicada em situações excepcionais, contudo, em alguns casos, a família consegue adqu...

Estrategias de manejo en torno al VIH/SIDA a nivel familiar

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ROBERTO CASTRO

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar los puntos críticos en la trayectoria de los familiares de personas VIH positivas y con SIDA, que pueden servir de base para desarrollar intervenciones educativas y de apoyo material y emocional por parte de las instituciones y asociaciones civiles cuya labor se vincula con esta enfermedad. Teoría y métodos. En 1995, se realizó una investigación cualitativa en Ciudad Netzahualcóyotl, Estado de México. Se aplicaron técnicas de diagnóstico rápido para definir el contexto socioeconómico, demográfico y cultural del VIH/SIDA en la comunidad; se realizaron 46 entrevistas a profundidad a enfermos de VIH/SIDA, sus familiares y miembros de su red social. Resultados. Se caracterizan los principales puntos de la respuesta familiar ante el VIH/SIDA, y se demuestra que es posible identificar puntos críticos en la respuesta familiar, así como las reacciones hacia sus miembros enfermos de VIH/SIDA. En Ciudad Netzahualcóyotl, el contexto familiar de pobreza, tradición migratoria y las condicionantes diferenciales de género fundamentan el apoyo y el rechazo en las relaciones familiares de las personas enfermas. El principal descubrimiento revela que las relaciones familiares para con la persona enferma son ambiguas, y pasan del apoyo al rechazo. Este patrón varía de acuerdo con la historia familiar y las condiciones de cada familia. Conclusiones. Se proponen algunas intervenciones específicas en salud necesarias para brindar apoyo a las familias con uno o más miembros infectados por el VIH/SIDA.Objective. To identify the critical points of the trajectories of the families of persons with AIDS which may serve as a basis to develop educational and support programs. Theory and methods. A qualitative investigation was conducted in 1995 in Ciudad Netzahualcóyotl, State of Mexico, Mexico. Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP were applied to determine the social, economic, demographic and cultural context of persons with HIV

Caracterización de las relaciones familiares del anciano

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Tamara B Domínguez González

2001-10-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las relaciones familiares del anciano a partir de su percepción, en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Reina" del municipio de Centro Habana. Se caracterizaron 144 ancianos que viven en familias multigeneracionales utilizando la prueba de relaciones familiares, la escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage, la escala de actividades instrumentadas de la vida diaria y un cuestionario confeccionado al efecto. Se obtuvo como resultado el predominio de las relaciones poco armónicas y disarmónicas, dificultades en la definición de los límites intergeneracionales, rigidez en la estructura jerárquica familiar y actitudes intolerantes hacia las características y comportamiento de los ancianos por parte de su familia. Igualmente se encontró una importante asociación entre el tipo de relaciones familiares percibidas por el anciano y las variables edad, estado emocional y capacidad físicaThe present paper is aimed at characterizing the elderly person’s family relations on the basis of his/her perception and is carried out in the health area of "Reina" teaching polyclinics in Centro Habana municipality. One-hundred and forty-four elderly persons who live in multi-generation families were characterized by using the family relation test, Yesavage´s geriatric depression scale, the daily life instrumented activities scale and a questionnaire. The results were the predominance of little harmonic or non-harmonic relations, difficulties in defining the inter-generation limits, rigid family hierarchical structure and intolerant attitudes toward the characteristics and behaviours of the elderly people on the part of their families. Likewise, there was a substantial linking of the type of family relations perceived by the elderly and the age, emotional condition and physical capability variables

Familiarity Enhances Visual Working Memory for Faces

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Jackson, Margaret C.; Raymond, Jane E.

2008-01-01

Although it is intuitive that familiarity with complex visual objects should aid their preservation in visual working memory (WM), empirical evidence for this is lacking. This study used a conventional change-detection procedure to assess visual WM for unfamiliar and famous faces in healthy adults. Across experiments, faces were upright or…

Modulation of Brain Activity during Phonological Familiarization

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Majerus, S.; Van der Linden, M.; Collette, F.; Laureys, S.; Poncelet, M.; Degueldre, C.; Delfiore, G.; Luxen, A.; Salmon, E.

2005-01-01

We measured brain activity in 12 adults for the repetition of auditorily presented words and nonwords, before and after repeated exposure to their phonological form. The nonword phoneme combinations were either of high (HF) or low (LF) phonotactic frequency. After familiarization, we observed, for both word and nonword conditions, decreased…

GRUPO OPERATIVO FAMILIAR NA EQUOTERAPIA

OpenAIRE

Taborda, Cristina; da Costa, Greice Quelle; Monteiro, Mariliane Adriana

2011-01-01

Este trabalho versa sobre atividades terapêuticas no contexto do grupo operativo familiar realizado no Centro Missioneiro de Equoterapia Santo Ângelo Custódio, no período de 2009 a 2010, totalizando 40 sessões com 64 participantes. Apresentamos questões acerca do grupo operativo que tem como finalidade a psicoterapia focal, por meio de textos, brincadeiras, dinâmicas, cujos temas são planejados e sistematizados atendendo as necessidades dos pais e/ou cuidadores. A Equoterapia é um método tera...

Familiar Music as an Enhancer of Self-Consciousness in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

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Arroyo-Anlló, Eva M.; Díaz, Juan Poveda; Gil, Roger

2013-01-01

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of familiar music on self-consciousness (SC) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, two AD groups of 20 patients matched by age, educational level, gender, illness duration, and cognitive state were assessed using an SC questionnaire before and after music intervention. The SC questionnaire measured several aspects: personal identity, anosognosia, affective state, body representation, prospective memory, introspection and moral judgments. One AD group received familiar music stimulation and another AD group unfamiliar music stimulation over three months. The AD patients who received a familiar music intervention showed a stabilization or improvement in aspects of SC. By contrast, control AD group showed a deterioration of most of the SC aspects after unfamiliar music stimulation, except the SC aspects of body representation and affective state. Familiar music stimulation could be considered as an enhancer of SC in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PMID:24106716

Long-term memory for odors: influences of familiarity and identification across 64 days.

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Cornell Kärnekull, Stina; Jönsson, Fredrik U; Willander, Johan; Sikström, Sverker; Larsson, Maria

2015-05-01

Few studies have investigated long-term odor recognition memory, although some early observations suggested that the forgetting rate of olfactory representations is slower than for other sensory modalities. This study investigated recognition memory across 64 days for high and low familiar odors and faces. Memory was assessed in 83 young participants at 4 occasions; immediate, 4, 16, and 64 days after encoding. The results indicated significant forgetting for odors and faces across the 64 days. The forgetting functions for the 2 modalities were not fundamentally different. Moreover, high familiar odors and faces were better remembered than low familiar ones, indicating an important role of semantic knowledge on recognition proficiency for both modalities. Although odor recognition was significantly better than chance at the 64 days testing, memory for the low familiar odors was relatively poor. Also, the results indicated that odor identification consistency across sessions, irrespective of accuracy, was positively related to successful recognition. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

Familiar music as an enhancer of self-consciousness in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Arroyo-Anlló, Eva M; Díaz, Juan Poveda; Gil, Roger

2013-01-01

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of familiar music on self-consciousness (SC) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, two AD groups of 20 patients matched by age, educational level, gender, illness duration, and cognitive state were assessed using an SC questionnaire before and after music intervention. The SC questionnaire measured several aspects: personal identity, anosognosia, affective state, body representation, prospective memory, introspection and moral judgments. One AD group received familiar music stimulation and another AD group unfamiliar music stimulation over three months. The AD patients who received a familiar music intervention showed a stabilization or improvement in aspects of SC. By contrast, control AD group showed a deterioration of most of the SC aspects after unfamiliar music stimulation, except the SC aspects of body representation and affective state. Familiar music stimulation could be considered as an enhancer of SC in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Mujeres: Entre la autonomía y la vida familiar

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America Tonantzin Becerra Romero

2018-01-01

Full Text Available La capacitación para el trabajo constituye una herramienta importante para las mujeres, ya que les permite estar en mejores condiciones para ingresar o mantenerse en el mundo laboral; sin embargo, ellas viven diversas tensiones al tratar de compaginar la vida familiar con la capacitación. Este texto es resultado de una investigación cualitativa basada en el método biográfico, diseñada para analizar el significado que tiene dicha capacitación en la vida personal, familiar y laboral de las mujeres. Entre los resultados se encontró, que el incremento en su formación no ha modificado sustancialmente la visión tradicional sobre las funciones sociales de las mujeres y los hombres, pero las ayuda a impulsar su autonomía personal y económica, sin renunciar a sus responsabiliades reproductivas y familiares. Las mujeres asignan valor tanto al ámbito doméstico como al público, y los consideran como espacios diferenciados que es necesario concertar.

The effects of tempo and familiarity on children's affective interpretation of music.

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Mote, Jasmine

2011-06-01

When and how does one learn to associate emotion with music? This study attempted to address this issue by examining whether preschool children use tempo as a cue in determining whether a song is happy or sad. Instrumental versions of children's songs were played at different tempos to adults and children ages 3 to 5 years. Familiar and unfamiliar songs were used to examine whether familiarity affected children's identification of emotion in music. The results indicated that adults, 4 year olds and 5 year olds rated fast songs as significantly happier than slow songs. However, 3 year olds failed to rate fast songs differently than slow songs at above-chance levels. Familiarity did not significantly affect children's identification of happiness and sadness in music.

Using guitar learning to probe the Action Observation Network's response to visuomotor familiarity.

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Gardner, Tom; Aglinskas, Aidas; Cross, Emily S

2017-08-01

Watching other people move elicits engagement of a collection of sensorimotor brain regions collectively termed the Action Observation Network (AON). An extensive literature documents more robust AON responses when observing or executing familiar compared to unfamiliar actions, as well as a positive correlation between amplitude of AON response and an observer's familiarity with an observed or executed movement. On the other hand, emerging evidence shows patterns of AON activity counter to these findings, whereby in some circumstances, unfamiliar actions lead to greater AON engagement than familiar actions. In an attempt to reconcile these conflicting findings, some have proposed that the relationship between AON response amplitude and action familiarity is nonlinear in nature. In the present study, we used an elaborate guitar training intervention to probe the relationship between movement familiarity and AON engagement during action execution and action observation tasks. Participants underwent fMRI scanning while executing one set of guitar sequences with a scanner-compatible bass guitar and observing a second set of sequences. Participants then acquired further physical practice or observational experience with half of these stimuli outside the scanner across 3 days. Participants then returned for an identical scanning session, wherein they executed and observed equal numbers of familiar (trained) and unfamiliar (untrained) guitar sequences. Via region of interest analyses, we extracted activity within AON regions engaged during both scanning sessions, and then fit linear, quadratic and cubic regression models to these data. The data best support the cubic regression models, suggesting that the response profile within key sensorimotor brain regions associated with the AON respond to action familiarity in a nonlinear manner. Moreover, by probing the subjective nature of the prediction error signal, we show results consistent with a predictive coding account of

Cambio Social y dinámica familiar

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Mercedes Gonzales de la Rocha

1999-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda algunos de los más relevantes cambios en la organización social de las familias urbanas en México y plantea la importancia de analizar los grupos familiares que difieren el modelo tradicional (nuclear, basado en la figura del hombre adulto proveedor.

Bodystorming: effects of collaboration and familiarity on improvising contemporary dance.

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Stevens, Catherine J; Leach, James

2015-09-01

In contemporary dance, cognitive events are not necessarily restricted "to the skin or skull of an individual" (Hutchins in Int Encycl Soc Behav Sci 2068-2072, 2001) but distributed across dancers during collaborative improvisation. There is some experimental evidence of greater output when people perform problem-solving tasks alone. However, when a task is challenging and paired participants are familiar with each other, pairwise and emergent outcomes are more plentiful than solo outcomes. We investigate these factors in the context of dance with the broad hypothesis that innovation is enhanced when dancers improvise together compared with when they improvise alone. Dancers (N = 10) in a professional company improvised for 2 min alone and then with another dancer. Dancer familiarity (familiar, unfamiliar) and task (expressive, non-expressive) were crossed (within-subjects). The improvisations were video-recorded over 2 h in the dancers' usual improvisation space. After each improvisation, the dancers: stated the number of movement ideas expressed and rated task ease, satisfaction, interest, novelty, originality and clarity. In both tasks, there was a tendency for self-report of a greater number of movement ideas expressed in familiar and unfamiliar pairs than alone. Ratings of task ease, satisfaction, interest, clarity, etc. were slightly higher in the unfamiliar pair condition. In the non-expressive task, ratings of the task were higher in pairs (M = 3.02, SD 0.82) than in the solo (M = 2.67, SD 0.96) condition. Distributed creativity, relational cognition and social facilitation are used to interpret the results.

The Comprehension of Familiar and Novel Metaphoric Meanings in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

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Rapp, Alexander M.; Felsenheimer, Anne K.; Langohr, Karin; Klupp, Magdalena

2018-01-01

Miscomprehension of nonliteral (“figurative”) language like metaphors, proverbs, idioms, and ironic expressions by patients with schizophrenia is a phenomenon mentioned already in historical psychiatric descriptions. However, it was only recently that studies did differentiate between novel and conventional metaphors, a factor that is known to influence the difficulty of comprehension in healthy subjects. Further, familiarity with stimuli is an important factor for comprehension, which was not recommended in utmost previous studies. In this study, 23 patients with DSM IV schizophrenia and 19 healthy control subjects performed a newly-developed German metaphor comprehension test with three types of stimuli: novel metaphors, conventional German metaphors, and meaningless statements. During the test procedure, participants indicated familiarity with the stimulus and then matched the meaning with one out of four given alternatives. Familiarity rankings did not significantly differ between patients and control subjects. However, on descriptive level, there was a tendency for healthy controls to be more familiar with conventional metaphors than schizophrenic patients. Further, comprehension of conventional and novel metaphors differed significantly between the groups, with higher performance in healthy controls. Considering only those metaphors that had been ranked as familiar, patients only revealed significant lower performance opposed to controls regarding novel metaphors, while they did not differ in conventional metaphors. Taken together, the results indicate that patients with schizophrenia might show an altered way of comprehension in novel metaphors, leading to more misunderstandings. However, their previously reported impairments in conventional metaphors might rather be due to a lack of familiarity with the stimuli—making conventional metaphors to novel metaphors in the individual case. PMID:29354082

The Comprehension of Familiar and Novel Metaphoric Meanings in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

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Alexander M. Rapp

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Miscomprehension of nonliteral (“figurative” language like metaphors, proverbs, idioms, and ironic expressions by patients with schizophrenia is a phenomenon mentioned already in historical psychiatric descriptions. However, it was only recently that studies did differentiate between novel and conventional metaphors, a factor that is known to influence the difficulty of comprehension in healthy subjects. Further, familiarity with stimuli is an important factor for comprehension, which was not recommended in utmost previous studies. In this study, 23 patients with DSM IV schizophrenia and 19 healthy control subjects performed a newly-developed German metaphor comprehension test with three types of stimuli: novel metaphors, conventional German metaphors, and meaningless statements. During the test procedure, participants indicated familiarity with the stimulus and then matched the meaning with one out of four given alternatives. Familiarity rankings did not significantly differ between patients and control subjects. However, on descriptive level, there was a tendency for healthy controls to be more familiar with conventional metaphors than schizophrenic patients. Further, comprehension of conventional and novel metaphors differed significantly between the groups, with higher performance in healthy controls. Considering only those metaphors that had been ranked as familiar, patients only revealed significant lower performance opposed to controls regarding novel metaphors, while they did not differ in conventional metaphors. Taken together, the results indicate that patients with schizophrenia might show an altered way of comprehension in novel metaphors, leading to more misunderstandings. However, their previously reported impairments in conventional metaphors might rather be due to a lack of familiarity with the stimuli—making conventional metaphors to novel metaphors in the individual case.

The effect of exercise-induced arousal on chosen tempi for familiar melodies.

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Jakubowski, Kelly; Halpern, Andrea R; Grierson, Mick; Stewart, Lauren

2015-04-01

Many previous studies have shown that arousal affects time perception, suggesting a direct influence of arousal on the speed of the pacemaker of the internal clock. However, it is unknown whether arousal influences the mental representation of tempo (speed) for highly familiar and complex stimuli, such as well-known melodies, that have long-term representations in memory. Previous research suggests that mental representations of the tempo of familiar melodies are stable over time; the aim of the present study was to investigate whether these representations can be systematically altered via an increase in physiological arousal. Participants adjusted the tempo of 14 familiar melodies in real time until they found a tempo that matched their internal representation of the appropriate tempo for that piece. The task was carried out before and after a physiologically arousing (exercise) or nonarousing (anagrams) manipulation. Participants completed this task both while hearing the melodies aloud and while imagining them. Chosen tempi increased significantly following exercise-induced arousal, regardless of whether a melody was heard aloud or imagined. These findings suggest that a change in internal clock speed affects temporal judgments even for highly familiar and complex stimuli such as music.

La leucemia del bambino come causa di disgregazione familiare

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G. Varchetta

2003-05-01

Full Text Available

Introduzione: le patologie del bambino, soprattutto se gravi e durature, possono essere definite come “malattie della famiglia” a causa dell’intensità di assistenza richiesta, delle difficoltà organizzative quotidiane e dello stress causato. Obiettivo: identificare il ruolo di alcuni potenziali fattori di rischio coinvolti nella rottura di famiglie di bambini leucemici.

Materiali e metodi: mediante l’uso di questionari, sono state studiate, durante l’anno 2002, 150 cartelle cliniche di bambini leucemici dell’ospedale pediatrico “Santobono-Pausillipon”- Dipartimento di Oncologia; 11 casi sono stati esclusi per incompletezza dei dati. Outcome è stata considerata la “separazione familiare.” Sono state analizzate le seguenti variabili: trapianto di midollo osseo, lavoro del padre, della madre e loro età ed educazione, sesso ed età del bambino (CA, numerosità della famiglia, stato socio-economico, probabilità clinica di guarire (CPR, appartenenza ad una associazione. Sono state condotte analisi bivariate e logistiche. Risultati: all’analisi bivariata CA e CPR, entrambi stratificati in tre livelli, sono risultati associati alla separazione. L’Odds Ratio grezzo (OR della separazione familiare con CA di 5/10 anni e bambini di 11 anni o più a confronto con quelli d’età di 0/4 era, rispettivamente, di 8.68 (p=0.02 e di 5.7 (p=0.07. L’OR grezzo della separazione con un CPR medio e un CPR buono confrontato con un CPR basso ha dato rispettivamente 0.35 (p=0.02 e 0.08 (p‹0.001. Un modello logistico che includeva CPR come variabile principale e controllata per CA ha evidenziato che la probabilità di guarigione è media o alta e, dopo aver aggiustato per l’età del bambino, è stato ottenuto un rischio di rottura familiare rispettivamente di 0.29 (p=0.01 e 0.08 (p=0.02.

Conclusioni: la rottura dell’unità familiare è evento frequente in caso di grave

Niños y niñas como cuidadores familiares

OpenAIRE

María Rosa Estupiñán Aponte

2015-01-01

En el contexto familiar, el cuidado de otra persona por parte de niños y niñas constituye un terreno inexplorado tanto en su significado como en las implicaciones que podrían darse en el proceso. Aunque históricamente se ha asignado el cuidado familiar a las mujeres generando condiciones de inequidad, incrementada con los cambios sociales de los últimos tiempos, es necesario reconocer que en muchos hogares niños y niñas se han visto obligados a desempeñar esta labor sin la preparación ni las ...

Effect of familiarity on reward anticipation in children with and without autism spectrum disorders.

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Katherine K M Stavropoulos

Full Text Available Previous research on the reward system in autism spectrum disorders (ASD suggests that children with ASD anticipate and process social rewards differently than typically developing (TD children--but has focused on the reward value of unfamiliar face stimuli. Children with ASD process faces differently than their TD peers. Previous research has focused on face processing of unfamiliar faces, but less is known about how children with ASD process familiar faces. The current study investigated how children with ASD anticipate rewards accompanied by familiar versus unfamiliar faces.The stimulus preceding negativity (SPN of the event-related potential (ERP was utilized to measure reward anticipation. Participants were 6- to 10-year-olds with (N = 14 and without (N = 14 ASD. Children were presented with rewards accompanied by incidental face or non-face stimuli that were either familiar (caregivers or unfamiliar. All non-face stimuli were composed of scrambled face elements in the shape of arrows, controlling for visual properties.No significant differences between familiar versus unfamiliar faces were found for either group. When collapsing across familiarity, TD children showed larger reward anticipation to face versus non-face stimuli, whereas children with ASD did not show differential responses to these stimulus types. Magnitude of reward anticipation to faces was significantly correlated with behavioral measures of social impairment in the ASD group.The findings do not provide evidence for differential reward anticipation for familiar versus unfamiliar face stimuli in children with or without ASD. These findings replicate previous work suggesting that TD children anticipate rewards accompanied by social stimuli more than rewards accompanied by non-social stimuli. The results do not support the idea that familiarity normalizes reward anticipation in children with ASD. Our findings also suggest that magnitude of reward anticipation to faces is

The Price of Fame: The Impact of Stimulus Familiarity on Proactive Interference Resolution

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Prabhakaran, Ranjani; Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.

2011-01-01

Interference from previously learned information, known as proactive interference (PI), limits our memory retrieval abilities. Previous studies of PI resolution have focused on the role of short-term familiarity, or recency, in causing PI. In the present study, we investigated the impact of long-term stimulus familiarity on PI resolution…

The feeling of familiarity for music in patients with a unilateral temporal lobe lesion: A gating study.

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Huijgen, Josefien; Dellacherie, Delphine; Tillmann, Barbara; Clément, Sylvain; Bigand, Emmanuel; Dupont, Sophie; Samson, Séverine

2015-10-01

Previous research has indicated that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and more specifically the perirhinal cortex, plays a role in the feeling of familiarity for non-musical stimuli. Here, we examined contribution of the MTL to the feeling of familiarity for music by testing patients with unilateral MTL lesions. We used a gating paradigm: segments of familiar and unfamiliar musical excerpts were played with increasing durations (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 ms and complete excerpts), and participants provided familiarity judgments for each segment. Based on the hypothesis that patients might need longer segments than healthy controls (HC) to identify excerpts as familiar, we examined the onset of the emergence of familiarity in HC, patients with a right MTL resection (RTR), and patients with a left MTL resection (LTR). In contrast to our hypothesis, we found that the feeling of familiarity was relatively spared in patients with a right or left MTL lesion, even for short excerpts. All participants were able to differentiate familiar from unfamiliar excerpts as early as 500 ms, although the difference between familiar and unfamiliar judgements was greater in HC than in patients. These findings suggest that a unilateral MTL lesion does not impair the emergence of the feeling of familiarity. We also assessed whether the dynamics of the musical excerpt (linked to the type and amount of information contained in the excerpts) modulated the onset of the feeling of familiarity in the three groups. The difference between familiar and unfamiliar judgements was greater for high than for low-dynamic excerpts for HC and RTR patients, but not for LTR patients. This indicates that the LTR group did not benefit in the same way from dynamics. Overall, our results imply that the recognition of previously well-learned musical excerpts does not depend on the integrity of either right or the left MTL structures. Patients with a unilateral MTL resection may compensate for the effects of

Funcionamiento familiar y consumo de sustancias en adolescentes: el rol mediador de la autoestima

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Teresa I. Jiménez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio ex post facto se analizan las relaciones directas e indirectas entre el funcionamiento familiar, la autoestima considerada desde una perspectiva multidimensional (autoestima familiar, escolar, social y física y el consumo de sustancias en una muestra de 414 adolescentes. Para el análisis de datos se utilizan matrices de correlaciones bivariadas, el cálculo de ecuaciones estructurales y se sigue el procedimiento de análisis de efectos mediadores. Los resultados muestran que las distintas dimensiones de la autoestima median conjuntamente el 82% de la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y el consumo de sustancias de los adolescentes. Además, se observa, por un lado, un efecto protector de las autoestimas familiar y escolar frente a la implicación en el consumo de sustancias y, por otro, un efecto de riesgo de las autoestimas social y física. Finalmente, se discute el rol de la autoestima como un mediador para determinadas influencias del contexto familiar y como un recurso psicosocial paradójico en relación con el consumo de sustancias en la edad adolescente.

Exploratory behaviour modulates the relationship between colony familiarity and helping in a cooperative bird.

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Expósito-Granados, Mónica; De La Cruz, Carlos; Parejo, Deseada; Valencia, Juliana; Alarcos, Susana; Avilés, Jesús M

2016-10-01

Individuals within animal groups may differ in personality and degree of familiarity raising the question of how this influences their social interactions. In Iberian magpies Cyanopica cooki, a portion of first-year males engage in cooperative behaviours and dispersal, allowing addressing this question. In this study, we first investigate the relationship between colony familiarity (native versus foreign) and reproductive status (breeding versus helping) of males during 21 years. Secondly, we measure the exploratory behaviour and monitor reproductive status of a sample of individuals with different colony familiarity during 2 years. Long-term monitoring revealed that foreign individuals were more likely breeders. The analysis on the subset of individuals in which exploratory behaviour was measured revealed a mediatory effect of exploratory behaviour in the association between colony familiarity and helping behaviour. Specifically, among foreign individuals, higher explorative males were more frequently involved in helping behaviour than lower explorative ones. Conversely, among native males, breeders were more explorative than helpers. Our results suggest that aspects of personality may mediate the value of familiarity in reproductive tasks in social species. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ideación suicida, funcionalidad familiar y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de Colombia

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Ingrid Forero

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio no experimental, de tipo descriptivo, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre ideación suicida, funcionalidad familiar y consumo de alcohol en 289 adolescentes (126 hombres y 163 mujeres estudiantes de colegios públicos de Tunja - Colombia, con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 17 años, efectuado mediante el Inventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa (Pansi, el cuestionario Apgar familiar, y el cuestionario de identificación de trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol (Audit. Los resultados indican que el 30% de los individuos participantes refirieron un nivel alto de ideación suicida, el 67% un buen funcionamiento familiar, y el 84% consumo de alcohol de bajo riesgo; así mismo, identificamos una asociación mayor entre ideación suicida y el tipo de funcionalidad familiar grave.

Planificación familiar en el climaterio

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Marianela de la C Prendes Labrada

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la consulta de planificación familiar de Santos Suárez en el período de 1 año a partir de abril de 1998. La muestra la conformó el total de mujeres mayores de 35 años que acudieron por primera vez a la consulta de planificación familiar, a las que se les llenó un cuestionario. Los datos se procesaron con el cálculo porcentual. Se concluyó que la asistencia de las mujeres mayores de 35 años a la consulta de planificación familiar fue baja; predominaron las que tienen unión estable (82,6 %, nivel de escolaridad preuniversitario (60,9 % y trabajadoras (69,6 %; la presencia de otros factores de riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional diferentes a la edad fue baja (39,12 % y la mayoría seleccionó los dispositivos intrauterinos y los anticonceptivos hormonales inyectables sólo de progestina.A descriptive study was carried out in the family planning department of Santos Suárez for 1 year, since April 1998. The sample consisted in the total amount of women over 35 years old, who for the first time attended the family planning department and filled out a questionaire. Data were processed by the percentage calculation. It was concluded that the attendance of women over 35 years old to the family planning department was low. There was a predominance of those women with a stable union (82.6 %, pre-universitary educational level (60.9 %, and working women (69.6 %. The existence of other preconception reproductive risk factors different from age was low (39.12 % and the majority chose the intrauterine devices and the injectable contraceptives containing only progrestational hormones.

Tentativa de suicidio y apgar familiar modificado

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Bárbara de la C Santos Céspedes

1997-08-01

Full Text Available Se estudian 50 pacientes con tentativa de suicidio durante 1993 en el área de salud del Policlínico "Josué País García" del Centro Urbano "Abel Santamaría" de Santiago de Cuba, mediante el Apgar familiar modificado, instrumento que mide el grado de funcionamiento familiar, adaptado después de estudios pilotos en la misma población. Las categorías adaptación, relación, desarrollo, efecto y convivencia, así como el resultado general del Apgar, demostraron que la dinámica familiar de las personas investigadas fue significativamente desfavorable, hallazgos que se validaron por las técnicas estadísticas convencionales. Este trabajo propone la investigación del fenómeno del suicidio con la perspectiva del enfoque sistémico de la familia y el individuo, modelo que se escapa a la tradición médica, el cual se considera importante como instrumento para los médicos de la familia.50 patients who attempted suicide in 1993 at the health area of the "Josué País García" Polyclinic from the "Abel Santamaría" Urban Center, in Santiago de Cuba, were studied by using the modified family Apgar, a tool that measures the family functioning degree, adaptation, relation, development, effect, and living together categories, as well as the Apgar's general result, showed that the family dynamics of the persons investigated was significantly unfavourable. These findings were validated by the conventional statistical techniques. This paper recommends the investigation of the sucide phenomenon with the perspective of the systemic approach of the family and the individual, a model hat escapes as an important tool for family physicians.

Rhesus monkeys see who they hear: spontaneous cross-modal memory for familiar conspecifics.

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Ikuma Adachi

Full Text Available Rhesus monkeys gather much of their knowledge of the social world through visual input and may preferentially represent this knowledge in the visual modality. Recognition of familiar faces is clearly advantageous, and the flexibility and utility of primate social memory would be greatly enhanced if visual memories could be accessed cross-modally either by visual or auditory stimulation. Such cross-modal access to visual memory would facilitate flexible retrieval of the knowledge necessary for adaptive social behavior. We tested whether rhesus monkeys have cross-modal access to visual memory for familiar conspecifics using a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. Monkeys learned visual matching of video clips of familiar individuals to photographs of those individuals, and generalized performance to novel videos. In crossmodal probe trials, coo-calls were played during the memory interval. The calls were either from the monkey just seen in the sample video clip or from a different familiar monkey. Even though the monkeys were trained exclusively in visual matching, the calls influenced choice by causing an increase in the proportion of errors to the picture of the monkey whose voice was heard on incongruent trials. This result demonstrates spontaneous cross-modal recognition. It also shows that viewing videos of familiar monkeys activates naturally formed memories of real monkeys, validating the use of video stimuli in studies of social cognition in monkeys.

Rastreo de familiares de una paciente con miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva

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Eliza Kaori Uenishi

2018-01-01

Conclusión: Con el estudio de los familiares de la paciente índice se logró descubrir la afectación de esta enfermedad en 2 familiares de primer grado y en 2 familiares de segundo grado, con predominancia para el sexo masculino (3:1; en la paciente femenina se encontró, además, hipertensión arterial y miocardiopatía hipertrófica asociadas a fibrilación auricular. Ninguno de ellos tuvo historia personal de síncope o resucitación de muerte súbita.

Experience with adults shapes multisensory representation of social familiarity in the brain of a songbird.

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Isabelle George

Full Text Available Social animals learn to perceive their social environment, and their social skills and preferences are thought to emerge from greater exposure to and hence familiarity with some social signals rather than others. Familiarity appears to be tightly linked to multisensory integration. The ability to differentiate and categorize familiar and unfamiliar individuals and to build a multisensory representation of known individuals emerges from successive social interactions, in particular with adult, experienced models. In different species, adults have been shown to shape the social behavior of young by promoting selective attention to multisensory cues. The question of what representation of known conspecifics adult-deprived animals may build therefore arises. Here we show that starlings raised with no experience with adults fail to develop a multisensory representation of familiar and unfamiliar starlings. Electrophysiological recordings of neuronal activity throughout the primary auditory area of these birds, while they were exposed to audio-only or audiovisual familiar and unfamiliar cues, showed that visual stimuli did, as in wild-caught starlings, modulate auditory responses but that, unlike what was observed in wild-caught birds, this modulation was not influenced by familiarity. Thus, adult-deprived starlings seem to fail to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals. This suggests that adults may shape multisensory representation of known individuals in the brain, possibly by focusing the young's attention on relevant, multisensory cues. Multisensory stimulation by experienced, adult models may thus be ubiquitously important for the development of social skills (and of the neural properties underlying such skills in a variety of species.

CRIANÇAS DEPENDENTES DE TECNOLOGIA: DESVELANDO A REALIDADE DO CUIDADOR FAMILIAR

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Muriel Fernanda de Lima

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, con objetivo de comprender el proceso de cuidar de niño tecnológicamente dependiente, desde la perspectiva del cuidador familiar preferencial y describir los puntos fuertes y debilidades de la familia en el proceso de atención. Fueron realizadas entrevista semiestructuradas con nueve familiares que viven en Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, en el primer semestre de 2012. Los datos se analizaron basados en el análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Se identificó que la atención se centra en la figura de la madre, que pasa por un proceso continuo de aprendizaje, luchando con sentimientos como miedo e inseguridad en la prestación de cuidados. El proceso de atención impuso cambios en la rutina familiar, destacándose la importancia del apoyo del equipo de salud para orientar y aclarar dudas, así como adopción de otras estrategias de afrontamiento de esta nueva rutina.

Arranjos familiares de crianças das camadas populares

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Amazonas Maria Cristina Lopes de Almeida

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa estudou o funcionamento e os arranjos familiares de crianças de uma escola pública da cidade do Recife. A amostra se constituiu de 100 pessoas, sendo 50 adultos (pais ou responsáveis pelas crianças e 50 crianças de 06 a 11 anos. Foram utilizados como instrumento a Entrevista do Genograma e o Desenho da Família com Estória. Os resultados mostram vários tipos de arranjos familiares entre estas crianças, predominando a família nuclear. Quanto ao funcionamento, a maioria dessas famílias se organiza em torno de mulheres, sendo as figuras masculinas fragilizadas pelo desemprego, uso de álcool ou outras drogas.

Factores familiares asociados a codependencia en enfermeras de un hospital de Cancún, Quintana Roo, México

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Margarita Ramírez-Amaro

2014-05-01

Conclusiones: Se encontró que la disfunción familiar y la familia monoparental fueron los factores familiares que más se asociaron a la presencia de codependencia en las enfermeras de un hospital; por lo tanto, al poder identificar estos factores, nosotros como médicos familiares podremos mejorar su dinámica y funcionalidad a través de nuestro estudio familiar, facilitando una comunicación eficaz con el personal de enfermería y sus familias.

Intangibles en la internacionalización de las bodegas españolas: Percepción directiva y comparada entre empresas familiares y no familiares

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Guadalupe Fuentes-Lombardo

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Objeto: Determinar cuál es la dotación de recursos intangibles que presentan las empresas del sector vitivinícola español, como fuente de ventaja competitiva en el desarrollo de su estrategia internacional. Estudio exploratorio del impacto que los diferentes recursos intangibles de las bodegas españolas tienen sobre el grado de desarrollo de su estrategia internacional: diferencias en función del carácter familiar o no de las mismas.Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Estudio empírico cuantitativo de carácter básicamente descriptivo a partir del análisis de la información recogida en cuestionarios realizados a directivos de bodegas, familiares y no familiares españolas, representativas del sector en el contexto nacional.Aportaciones y resultados: La dotación de los recursos intangibles que presentan las empresas del sector vitivinícola español, como fuente de la ventaja competitiva en su expansión internacional, varía en relación al tipo de recursos analizados (tecnológicos, humanos, organizativos y relacionales y, en algunos aspectos, en relación al carácter familiar o no de la empresa.Limitaciones: El hecho de haber concentrado todo el estudio en un único sector económico. Un estudio similar en otros sectores industriales podría ofrecer resultados distintos a los obtenidos en este trabajo. Implicaciones prácticas: Se señalan los principales retos a alcanzar por las empresas vitivinícolas españolas, en relación a su dotación de recursos intangibles, para reforzar y fortalecer su posición competitiva en el mercado internacional. Implicaciones sociales: Este estudio señala cómo podrían distintos organismos e instituciones, relacionados con el sector, de carácter público o privado, ayudar a las empresas a alcanzar los retos que se plantean. De igual manera orienta sobre cuáles y en qué medida han de ser aplicadas las políticas sobre recursos intangibles en este sector.Valor añadido: Pese a existir numerosos datos

Effect of Familiar Olfactory Stimulus on Responses to Blood Sampling Pain in Neonates

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A. Sadathosseini

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction & Objective: Pain in neonates can lead to various risks. So, it seems essential to find a simple, safe, and acceptable method for relieving pain. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of olfactory stimuli (familiar and unfamiliar on physiological and behavioral responses to the pain of arterial blood draws in term neonates. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental clinical trial, according to the conditions of the study 135 term neonates were chosen by convenience sampling and were assigned to three groups. During the procedure, familiar odor group was presented with the vanilla smell with which they had been familiarized prior to the procedure for 9 hours. Unfamiliar odor group was presented with the vanilla smell to which they had not been previously exposed, and the control group was presented with no odor. The heart rate and O2 saturation levels were measured before, after inserting and after removing the needle. Also, their cry duration was measured from onset until a crying free interval of more than five seconds. Results: The infants exposed to the familiar odor cried significantly less during the procedure compared to the unfamiliar odor and no odor group (P<0.001. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the heart rate among the groups after inserting and removing the needle and in the O2 saturation rate after inserting the needle. The O2 saturation rate was significantly higher in the familiar odor group compared with the other groups (p<0.05 after the needle removal. Conclusion: A familiar odor is effective in reducing crying during arterial blood draws in neonates, but does not affect on physiological parameters. (Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2011;18(1:10-19

Teammate Familiarity, Teamwork, and Risk of Workplace Injury in Emergency Medical Services Teams.

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Hughes, Ashley M; Patterson, P Daniel; Weaver, Matthew D; Gregory, Megan E; Sonesh, Shirley C; Landsittel, Douglas P; Krackhardt, David; Hostler, David; Lazzara, Elizabeth H; Wang, Xiao; Vena, John E; Salas, Eduardo; Yealy, Donald M

2017-07-01

Increased teammate familiarity in emergency medical services (EMS) promotes development of positive teamwork and protects against workplace injury. Measures were collected using archival shift records, workplace injury data, and cross-sectional surveys from a nationally representative sample of 14 EMS agencies employing paramedics, prehospital nurses, and other EMS clinicians. One thousand EMS clinicians were selected at random to complete a teamwork survey for each of their recent partnerships and tested the hypothesized role of teamwork as a mediator in the relationship between teammate familiarity and injury with the PROCESS macro. We received 2566 completed surveys from 333 clinicians, of which 297 were retained. Mean participation was 40.5% (standard deviation [SD] = 20.5%) across EMS agencies. Survey respondents were primarily white (93.8%), male (67.3%), and ranged between 21-62 years of age (M = 37.4, SD = 9.7). Seventeen percent were prehospital nurses. Respondents worked a mean of 3 shifts with recent teammates in the 8 weeks preceding the survey (M = 3.06, SD = 4.4). We examined data at the team level, which suggest positive views of teamwork (M = 5.92, SD = 0.69). Our hypothesis that increased teammate familiarity protects against adverse safety outcomes through development of positive teamwork was not supported. Teamwork factor Partner Adaptability and Backup Behavior is a likely mediator (odds ratio = 1.03, P = .05). When dyad familiarity is high and there are high levels of backup behavior, the likelihood of injury is increased. The relationship between teammate familiarity and outcomes is complex. Teammate adaptation and backup behavior is a likely mediator of this relationship in EMS teams with greater familiarity. Copyright © 2017 Emergency Nurses Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

“Trezentas mil implicações”: possibilidades familiares em uma pesquisa sobre conjugalidade

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Rafael Reis Luz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2017v14n1p152 Este artigo consiste em um recorte de minha pesquisa de Mestrado, na qual investiguei a experiência da conjugalidade homossexual a partir de entrevistas com quatro casais, tendo como referenciais teóricos os estudos queer. No presente texto, parto de recentes contribuições sobre parentesco de Marilyn Strathern (2005/2015, especialmente suas discussões sobre parentalidade e demais relações familiares, para apresentar as narrativas de um dos casais de mulheres entrevistadas e pensar os (desencontros entre certa ordem familiar instituída e novos arranjos familiares. Dentre as muitas expectativas, planos e dilemas, observamos que, no tocante à geração de filhos, são temidos os questionamentos da família de origem quanto à identificação e inclusão do genitor na rede familiar, à orientação sexual das mães etc. O discurso do casal aponta para uma complexa trama que envolve variadas possibilidades de arranjos parentais e familiares, sexualidades e afetos. Não obstante, o casal de mulheres entrevistadas parece operar sob uma reiteração subversiva: as possibilidades são discutidas e negociadas tendo a família de origem como referência legitimadora, como instituição que se autoriza a indagar seus vínculos, afetos e desejos. Nesse sentido, o casal analisado apropria-se de determinadas referências familiares porque estas dizem respeito às histórias individuais, ao mesmo tempo em que as negociam, reformulam-nas, submetem-nas às reavaliações que fazem em seu projeto de uma vida a dois ‘alternativa’.

Riesgo familiar total en familias con escolares según rendimiento académico

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CAROLINA LUCERO ENRÍQUEZ GUERRERO

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados del estudio cuyo objetivo fue establecer las diferencias en el riesgo familiar entre dos grupos de familias: con niños escolares de alto rendimiento y niños de bajo rendimiento académico en un centro educativo distrital de Bogotá. Metodología: estudio descriptivo comparativo transversal con un componente analítico y abordaje cuantitativo; la muestra fue de 186 familias, durante abril a julio de 2007. Los resultados muestran predominio de familias nucleares en ambos grupos (65%, relación inversa entre el riesgo familiar total evaluado por el instrumento RFT 7-70 y el rendimiento académico del escolar de la familia, es decir que las familias que registraron riesgo alto (9% y medio (31% en mayor proporción son familias con escolares de bajo rendimiento académico, frente al predominio del riesgo familiar bajo (78% en las familias con niños de alto rendimiento. Se aplicó t de student para diferencia de medias y se encontró asociación (P = 0,02 entre el riesgo familiar total alto y el bajo rendimiento académico del escolar. En conclusión, estos resultados sugieren principalmente que se deben priorizar los factores de riesgo que determinan mayor riesgo familiar en familias con escolares de bajo rendimiento académico y dar atención de salud integral con enfoque familiar e intersectorial, y participación activa de la comunidad. Continuar investigando en posibles asociaciones entre salud individual, prácticas de salud, educación, ambiente socioeconómico y psicoafectivo de la familia y el logro educativo de escolares en familias con niños en edad escolar.

PENGARUH BRAND FAMILIARITY TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION MELALUI BRAND FIT PADA HOTEL MULIA JAKARTA

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Widiawaty .

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose this paper is to examine the effects of Brand familiarity and Brand Fit on Purchase Intention towards the offerings of co branded hotels. The findings showed that the fit between cobrands mediate the relationship between Brand familiarity and Purchase Intention. In particular, a well-known co-branded hotel a high level of Brand Fit could directly or indirectly affect consumer decision-making processes regarding Purchase Intention towards the co-brand. conversely, a less familiar co-branded hotel had positive effect on Purchase Intention only if respondents perceived a good fit between allied brands. Brand Fit could be a more important factor than Brand familiarity in influencing the success of hotel co-branding strategis. future research to examinate the co-branding concept in different social and cultural contexts and also from different perspectives, such as owners or manager is recommended. Most hospitality studies focus on co-branding between hotels and restaurant. This study empirically investigated the effects co-branding on consumer behavior in the hotel sector.

Implicit preferences: the role(s) of familiarity in the structural mere exposure effect.

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Zizak, Diane M; Reber, Arthur S

2004-06-01

In four experiments using an artificial grammar (AG) learning procedure, the authors examined the links between the "classic" mere exposure effect [heightened affect for previously encountered stimulus items (Bornstein, 1989; Zajonc, 1968)] and the "structural" mere exposure effect [greater hedonic appreciation for novel stimuli that conform to an implicitly acquired underlying rule system (Gordon & Holyoak, 1983)]. After learning, participants: (a) classified stimuli according to whether they conformed to the principles of the grammar and, (b) rated them in terms of how much they liked them. In some experiments unusual and unfamiliar symbols were used to instantiate the AG, in others highly familiar characters were used. In all cases participants showed standard AG learning. However, whether the two exposure effects emerged was dependent on symbol familiarity. Symbols with high a priori familiarity produced a structural mere exposure effect. Moderately familiar symbols produced only the classic, but not the structural, mere exposure effect. Highly unfamiliar symbols produced neither exposure effect. Results are discussed in the context of implicit learning theory and implications for a general theory of aesthetics are presented.

GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: PERCEPÇÕES, COMPORTAMENTOS E EXPERIÊNCIAS DE FAMILIARES

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Tereza Alves de Souza

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El embarazo en la adolescencia es un grave problema social y de salud pública, por las consecuencias a la madre y al concepto. Estudio cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue aprehender el significado del embarazo en la adolescencia para los familiares. Desarrollado con siete familias de adolescentes embarazadas y/o que tuvieron parto en 2010, asistidas en Centro de Salud de la Familia de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Las informaciones fueran buscadas en guión de entrevista semiestructurada, en hogares. Los resultados fueron organizados en temáticas y analizados de acuerdo con la literatura. Se detectaron manifestaciones de sentimientos y reacciones ocasionadas por la singularidad de la historia, dinámica familiar, contexto sociocultural y económico vivido por la familia. Diversas causas contribuyeron para el embarazo precoz, haciéndose necesario enfoque amplio de profesionales de salud, familiares, comunidad y gobernantes, como también la inclusión de familiares o de personas significativas en atención holística y humanizada.

Las empresas familiares en el sector de la construcción

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Gómez Brañas, David

2007-01-01

El sector de la construcción cuenta en Cataluña con importantes compañías de carácter familiar. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo caracterizar las particularidades de las empresas familiares y ahondar en el conocimiento de las que pertenecen propiamente al sector de la construcción, tomando como base las empresas catalanas. Los aspectos relacionados con el Control de la Propiedad, el Riesgo y el Crecimiento son los que reportan una mayor significación, estando estos claramente vinculados con la...

Effects of relationship motivation, partner familiarity, and alcohol on women's risky sexual decision making.

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Zawacki, Tina; Norris, Jeanette; Hessler, Danielle M; Morrison, Diane M; Stoner, Susan A; George, William H; Davis, Kelly Cue; Abdallah, Devon A

2009-06-01

This experiment examined the effects of women's relationship motivation, partner familiarity, and alcohol consumption on sexual decision making. Women completed an individual difference measure of relationship motivation and then were randomly assigned to partner familiarity condition (low, high) and to alcohol consumption condition (high dose, low dose, no alcohol, placebo). Then women read and projected themselves into a scenario of a sexual encounter. Relationship motivation and partner familiarity interacted with intoxication to influence primary appraisals of relationship potential. Participants' primary and secondary relationship appraisals mediated the effects of women's relationship motivation, partner familiarity, and intoxication on condom negotiation, sexual decision abdication, and unprotected sex intentions. These findings support a cognitive mediation model of women's sexual decision making and identify how individual and situational factors interact to shape alcohol's influences on cognitive appraisals that lead to risky sexual decisions. This knowledge can inform empirically based risky sex interventions.

LAFD: TA-3 NISC & SCC Facility Familiarization Tour, OJT #53356

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutherford, Victor Stephen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Norman, Rich [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Montoya, Gene [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Blumberg, Paul A. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); McCurdy, Patrick B. [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-10-24

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL, the Laboratory, or the Lab) conducts familiarization tours for Los Alamos County Fire Department (LAFD) personnel at the Strategic Computing Complex (SCC), TA-03-2327, and the Nonproliferation & International Security Complex (NISC), TA-03-2322. These tours are official LANL business; their purpose is to orient the firefighters to the SCC and the NISC so that they can respond efficiently and quickly to a variety of emergency situations. The tour includes ingress and egress of the buildings, layout and organization of the buildings, evacuation procedures, and areas of concern to emergency responders within these buildings. LAFD firefighters have the training, skills, and abilities to perform these emergency responder tasks; other LANL personnel who have the required clearance level cannot perform these tasks. This handout provides details of the information, along with maps and diagrams, to be presented during the familiarization tours. The report will be distributed to the trainees at the time of the tour. A corresponding checklist will also be used as guidance during the familiarization tours to ensure that all required information is presented to the LAFD personnel.

30 CFR 56.19096 - Familiarity with signal code.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 56.19096 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Personnel... signals for cages, skips, and mantrips when persons or materials are being transported shall be familiar...

30 CFR 57.19096 - Familiarity with signal code.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 57.19096 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND METAL AND NONMETAL MINES Personnel... signals for cages, skips, and mantrips when persons or materials are being transported shall be familiar...

Familiar Person Recognition: Is Autonoetic Consciousness More Likely to Accompany Face Recognition Than Voice Recognition?

Science.gov (United States)

Barsics, Catherine; Brédart, Serge

2010-11-01

Autonoetic consciousness is a fundamental property of human memory, enabling us to experience mental time travel, to recollect past events with a feeling of self-involvement, and to project ourselves in the future. Autonoetic consciousness is a characteristic of episodic memory. By contrast, awareness of the past associated with a mere feeling of familiarity or knowing relies on noetic consciousness, depending on semantic memory integrity. Present research was aimed at evaluating whether conscious recollection of episodic memories is more likely to occur following the recognition of a familiar face than following the recognition of a familiar voice. Recall of semantic information (biographical information) was also assessed. Previous studies that investigated the recall of biographical information following person recognition used faces and voices of famous people as stimuli. In this study, the participants were presented with personally familiar people's voices and faces, thus avoiding the presence of identity cues in the spoken extracts and allowing a stricter control of frequency exposure with both types of stimuli (voices and faces). In the present study, the rate of retrieved episodic memories, associated with autonoetic awareness, was significantly higher from familiar faces than familiar voices even though the level of overall recognition was similar for both these stimuli domains. The same pattern was observed regarding semantic information retrieval. These results and their implications for current Interactive Activation and Competition person recognition models are discussed.

No Measured Effect of a Familiar Contextual Object on Color Constancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanematsu, Erika; Brainard, David H

2014-08-01

Some familiar objects have a typical color, such as the yellow of a banana. The presence of such objects in a scene is a potential cue to the scene illumination, since the light reflected from them should on average be consistent with their typical surface reflectance. Although there are many studies on how the identity of an object affects how its color is perceived, little is known about whether the presence of a familiar object in a scene helps the visual system stabilize the color appearance of other objects with respect to changes in illumination. We used a successive color matching procedure in three experiments designed to address this question. Across the experiments we studied a total of 6 subjects (2 in Experiment 1, 3 in Experiment 2, and 4 in Experiment 3) with partial overlap of subjects between experiments. We compared measured color constancy across conditions in which a familiar object cue to the illuminant was available with conditions in which such a cue was not present. Overall, our results do not reveal a reliable improvement in color constancy with the addition of a familiar object to a scene. An analysis of the experimental power of our data suggests that if there is such an effect, it is small: less than approximately a change of 0.09 in a constancy index where an absence of constancy corresponds to an index value of 0 and perfect constancy corresponds to an index value of 1.

Estrés académico y funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes de odontología

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shyrley Díaz Cárdenas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Asociar estrés académico y funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes de odontología. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal en una muestra probabilística de 251 estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia. Se midieron características sociodemográficas, estrés académico (escala SISCO y funcionalidad familiar (APGAR familiar. Se estimó ocurrencia (prevalencias, asociación entre variables (odd ratios y análisis multivariable (regresión logística nominal. Resultados: El estrés académico se presentó en 87,3 % de los estudiantes; la situación más estresante en el entorno académico fue la evaluación docente; la disfuncionalidad familiar se comportó como un factor asociado para el estrés académico (OR=2,32. En el análisis de regresión logística, el modelo que mejor que explica el estrés académico estuvo conformado por los siguientes factores: la participación familiar, sexo y ciclo académico cursado (p= 0,0001; X2= 22,9. Conclusiones: La disfuncionalidad familiar puede agravar las situaciones de estrés académico en estudiantes de odontología e influir en su rendimiento académico, lo que ameritaría la necesidad de una atención permanente a la relación entre el entorno familiar y la universidad en aras del desarrollo integral de los universitarios.

O conhecimento dos familiares acerca da problemática do portador de diabetes mellitus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pace Ana Emilia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Considerando a família como fonte de apoio ao doente, realizou-se este estudo visando analisar a problemática do portador de diabetes na visão dos familiares, em Unidade Ambulatorial de um hospital universitário do interior do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de 24 familiares por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada. Para apresentação e análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Nos resultados, observou-se que os familiares conhecem as causas do diabetes parcialmente. Quanto às condições de adesão ao tratamento, 70,8% consideraram prioritário dieta adequada que, concomitantemente, foi salientada como problema. Em relação às doenças decorrentes, 23 salientaram problemas nos rins/visão. Quanto aos cuidados com os pés, destacou-se a utilização de meias de algodão e limpas. Referente às experiências dos familiares com pessoas portadoras de problemas nos pés, 83,3% responderam afirmativamente, destacando as amputações/úlceras. Dados apontam necessidade de educação aos familiares, uma vez que proporcionam suporte no controle da doença e na prevenção de complicações.

Familiarity knowledge in student nurses' clinical studies: exemplified by student nurses in palliative care.

Science.gov (United States)

Haugan, Grethe; Hanssen, Ingrid

2012-01-01

In this article based on a literary study, the form of knowledge named familiarity knowledge is examined. Although rooted in the philosophical tradition of Wittgenstein and Polanyi, the development of familiarity knowledge is tied in with clinical practice and particular patients and contexts while paying attention to the framework factors influencing the setting as a whole as well as with theoretical knowledge relevant to the situation at hand. Palliative care makes a backdrop for some of the discussion. Familiarity knowledge can never be context free and attends to that which is unique in every nurse-patient relationship. Both assertive and familiarity knowledge are needed to care for dying patients in a competent, sensitive, and truly caring manner. Mentors need to help students synthesize assertive knowledge and familiarity knowledge during their clinical studies to enrich both kinds of knowledge and deepen their understanding. Student nurses expertly mentored and tutored while caring for dying patients living at home become, for instance, less apprehensive about facing dying patients than students not so mentored. Nurses need to understand the complexity of nursing care to be able to see the uniqueness of the situation and approach the individual patient on the bases of experience and insight.

familiarity with modern health management trends by west african

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2010-09-09

Sep 9, 2010 ... Results: Their familiarity with business and financial concepts was ... ones related to marketing strategies. ... to advertisement of medical services as very appropriate. ..... cases presenting to a Nigerian tertiary health facility:.

El apgar familiar en ancianos conviventes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orlando Díaz Tabares

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento del Apgar familiar en ancianos conviventes, no institucionalizados y sin alteraciones de la esfera cognoscitiva, pertenecientes a dos consultorios médicos de la familia, ubicados en la comunidad rural del policlínico docente de San Cristóbal, durante el año 1995 se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo, mediante la aplicación de un modelo de encuesta a los 70 ancianos que conformaron el universo de estudio. Los resultados fueron procesados estadísticamente utilizando el método Chi cuadrado mediante un sistema computarizado, y se consideró significativo todo valor asociado a una probabilidad menor que 0,05. Resultó estadísticamente notable la percepción de funcionabilidad familiar en los ancianos pertenecientes a familias nucleadas. Existió correspondencia muy significativa entre la evaluación de funcionabilidad que el anciano otorgó a su familia y la detectada por el investigador. No se comprobó relación estadísticamente significativa entre el Apgar familiar y la edad de los ancianos, el vínculo laboral actual y el comportamiento de las funciones asignadas y asumidas por ellosA retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted to determine the behavior of family Apgar among noninstitutionalized, living together aged patients who had no alternations of the cognitive sphere and who received medical attention at two family physician’s offices located in the rural community of the Teaching Polyclinic of San Cristóbal, during 1995, 70 elderly patients were surveyed and the results were statistically processed using the Chi square method by a computerized system. Every value associated to a probability under 0.05 was considered as significant. The perception of family functionability in the elderly from nucleated families was statistically remarkable. There was a very important correspondence between the evaluation of functionability granted by

Impairment of recollection but not familiarity in a case of developmental amnesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Brandt, Karen R; Gardiner, John M; Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh; Baddeley, Alan D; Mishkin, Mortimer

2008-01-01

In a re-examination of the recognition memory of Jon, a young adult with developmental amnesia due to perinatal hippocampal damage, we used a test procedure that provides estimates of the separate contributions to recognition of recollection and familiarity. Comparison between Jon and his controls revealed that, whereas he was unimpaired in the familiarity process, he showed abnormally low levels of recollection, supporting the view that the hippocampus mediates the latter process selectively.

Episodic and Semantic Memory Contribute to Familiar and Novel Episodic Future Thinking

OpenAIRE

Tong Wang; Tong Yue; Xi ting Huang

2016-01-01

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that episodic future thinking (EFT) relies on both episodic and semantic memory; however, event familiarity may importantly affect the extent to which episodic and semantic memory contribute to EFT. To test this possibility, two behavioral experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, we directly compared the proportion of episodic and semantic memory used in an EFT task. The results indicated that more episodic memory was used when imagining familiar fut...

ERP correlates of source memory: Unitized source information increases familiarity-based retrieval

OpenAIRE

Diana, Rachel A.; Van den Boom, Wijnand; Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Ranganath, Charan

2010-01-01

Source memory tests typically require subjects to make decisions about the context in which an item was encoded and are thought to depend on recollection of details from the study episode. Although it is generally believed that familiarity does not contribute to source memory, recent behavioral studies have suggested that familiarity may also support source recognition when item and source information are integrated, or “unitized”, during study (Diana, Yonelinas, and Ranganath 2008). However,...

Impairment of recollection but not familiarity in a case of developmental amnesia

Science.gov (United States)

Brandt, Karen R.; Gardiner, John M.; Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh; Baddeley, Alan D.; Mishkin, Mortimer

2010-01-01

In a re-examination of the recognition memory of Jon, a young adult with developmental amnesia due to perinatal hippocampal damage, we used a test procedure that provides estimates of the separate contributions to recognition of recollection and familiarity. Comparison between Jon and his controls revealed that, whereas he was unimpaired in the familiarity process, he showed abnormally low levels of recollection, supporting the view that the hippocampus mediates the latter process selectively. PMID:19090415

GESTIÓN DE LA COMPLEJIDAD ORGANIZACIONAL EN LAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES VENEZOLANAS

OpenAIRE

Migdlys del Carmen González Marín

2016-01-01

Esta investigación presenta como objetivo analizar la Gestión de la Complejidad Organizacional en las Empresas Familiares Venezolanas, con este propósito se realizó un estudio de tipo documental con un nivel descriptivo, para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica que permitió analizar la gestión de la complejidad organizacional, aspecto relevante en las empresas familiares, a fin de mejorar el desarrollo y productividad organizacional. En este sentido, se destaca la revisión de teor...

Desempeño de la microempresa familiar en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Yamada Fukusaki, Gustavo

2009-01-01

Dos de cada tres empleos en el Perú se generan en el trabajo independiente y la microempresa familiar. Este estudio hace uso del módulo especializado de «Ingreso del trabajador independiente» en empresas familiares no agrícolas de las Encuestas Nacionales de Hogares, entre el 2002 y el 2006, y estima un conjunto de modelos empíricos que tratan de explicar las diferencias en los niveles y las tasas de crecimiento real de los ingresos en estos emprendimientos. Se arriba a un conjunto de resulta...

Desempeño de la microempresa familiar en el Perú

OpenAIRE

Yamada, Gustavo

2014-01-01

Dos de cada tres empleos en el Perú se generan en el trabajo independiente y la microempresa familiar. Este estudio hace uso del módulo especializado de «Ingreso del trabajador independiente» en empresas familiares no agrícolas de las Encuestas Nacionales de Hogares, entre el 2002 y el 2006, y estima un conjunto de modelos empíricos que tratan de explicar las diferencias en los niveles y las tasas de crecimiento real de los ingresos en estos emprendimientos. Se arriba a un conjunto de resulta...

DIFICULDADES DE MECANIZAÇÃO AGRÍCOLA NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR BRASILEIRA

OpenAIRE

Winny Silva Trugilho; Bruno Fardim Christo; Gabriel Mancini Antunes da Silva; Fernanda Dassie Rangel; Elaine Cristina Gomes da Silva

2017-01-01

A produtividade do setor agrícola brasileiro e a oferta do produto final ao mercado consumidor estão diretamente relacionadas com a mecanização em todas as etapas do processo produtivo. No entanto, poucos agricultores familiares possuem acesso à mecanização agrícola devido alto custo do investimento inicial. O presente trabalho descreve as principais dificuldades para a implementação de máquinas agrícolas na agricultura familiar e os principais problemas da mecanização. Contudo, pôde-se obser...

El cuidado cotidiano en la perspectiva de ancianos independientes y sus familiares más cercanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafaely de Cássia Nogueira Sanches

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: identificar cómo el anciano independiente y el familiar más próximo vivencian la relación de cuidado. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en Jandaia do Sul (departamento de Paraná, Brasil, con 15 ancianos independientes y sus respectivos familiares. Los datos fueron recolectados en junio de 2012 por medio de entrevista semi-estructurada y sometidos al análisis de contenido, en la modalidad temática. Resultados: el promedio de edad de los ancianos fue de 70 ± 9 años; el 85 % de los participantes (13 era del sexo femenino. El promedio de edad de los familiares fue de 45 ± 5 años, siendo el 85 % (13 del sexo femenino (9 hijas y 4 nueras; los dos familiares del sexo masculino eran hijos de los ancianos. El análisis de las informaciones posibilitó la identificación de dos categorías: La percepción del anciano independiente sobre el cuidado recibido y La percepción del familiar sobre el cuidado ofrecido. Conclusión: el cuidado ofrecido por el familiar era percibido por los ancianos independientes de modo impositivo y controlador, en desacuerdo con la intención del familiar, que era ofrecer cuidados y atención. Esta disonancia en la percepción de ambos termina por sobrecargar la relación entre ellos.

Does familiarity breed contempt or liking? Comment on Reis, Maniaci, Caprariello, Eastwick, and Finkel (2011).

Science.gov (United States)

Norton, Michael I; Frost, Jeana H; Ariely, Dan

2011-09-01

Reis, Maniaci, Caprariello, Eastwick, and Finkel (see record 2011-04644-001) conducted 2 studies that demonstrate that in certain cases, familiarity can lead to liking--in seeming contrast to the results of our earlier article (see record 2006-23056-008). We believe that Reis et al. (a) utilized paradigms far removed from spontaneous, everyday social interactions that were particularly likely to demonstrate a positive link between familiarity and liking and (b) failed to include and incorporate other sources of data-both academic and real-world-showing that familiarity breeds contempt. We call for further research exploring when and why familiarity is likely to lead to contempt or liking, and we suggest several factors that are likely to inform this debate. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

Vivências de familiares de crianças internadas em um Serviço de Pronto-Socorro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos

2011-04-01

Full Text Available A infância apresenta-se como uma fase que exige bastante atenção da família e do serviço de saúde, uma vez que seus integrantes, além de dependerem de familiares, são vulneráveis ao ambiente. Objetivou-se descrever as vivências de familiares de crianças internadas em um serviço de pronto-socorro, discutir como essas vivências influenciam no cotidiano da família e relatar os aspectos que interferem no cuidado de enfermagem. Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em um hospital de urgência da rede privada. Utilizou a técnica de entrevista com dez familiares para produzir os dados. Estes foram submetidos à análise temática, elaborando-se três categorias: vivências do familiar, alterações no cotidiano da família, a fé e a aproximação familiar atuando como agentes facilitadores. Concluiu-se que o ser acompanhante passa por adaptações, ao vivenciar a hospitalização, existindo alterações na rotina familiar. Porém, devido aos conflitos vivenciados pelo familiar, a enfermagem deve compreendê-lo como sujeito do cuidado ampliado.

Exploring Familiarity and Destination Choice in International Tourism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lee, G.; Tussyadiah, Iis

2012-01-01

tourists' characteristics and the destination choices. The results indicate that (1) teens and people in their 50s and above were interested in visiting more popular places, (2) tourists who are more familiar with Japan tended to visit less popular destinations, and (3) tourists with more travel...

La encuesta de presupuestos familiares 1973-74

OpenAIRE

Alonso-Colmenares, María Dolores; Lara, Ana; Ruiz-Castillo, Javier

1991-01-01

En este trabajo se describe la construcción y el contenido de una serie de ficheros sobre los gastos, los ingresos, el ahorro y las caracteristicas geognificas, demograficas y socioecon6micas de los hogares espaiioles residentes en viviendas familiares. La fuente de informaci6n es la Encuesta de Presupuestos F amiliares realizada por el INE en 1973-74

Online and offline conversations about alcohol: Comparing the effects of familiar and unfamiliar discussion partners

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hendriks, H.; de Bruijn, G.-J.; Meehan, O.; van den Putte, B.

2016-01-01

Although research has demonstrated that interpersonal communication about alcohol influences drinking behaviors, this notion has mainly been examined in offline contexts with familiar conversation partners. The present study investigated how communication mode and familiarity influence

Funcionamiento familiar en situación de trasplante de órganos pediátrico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisa Kernde Castro

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo revisa recientes hallazgos y examina algunas cuestiones relacionadas a las implicaciones del trasplante de órganos en la infancia para las relaciones familiares. El trasplante de órganos pediátrico es un procedimiento que puede desestabilizar el funcionamiento familiar y puede influenciar la adaptación y manejo del niño con respecto a la enfermedad y tratamiento. Los estudios revisados muestran que se pueden producir cambios importantes en las relaciones familiares cuando se plantea la posibilidad de un trasplante de órganos, especialmente un aumento en el estrés de los padres y la aparición de conductas sobreprotectoras con el niño. Actualmente existen pocos estudios sobre el tema, pero las evidencias revelan que el funcionamiento familiar y la salud mental de los padres son aspectos importantes que pueden influenciar el bienestar psicológico del niño.

College students' stigmatization of people with mental illness: familiarity, implicit person theory, and attribution.

Science.gov (United States)

Lyndon, Amy E; Crowe, Allison; Wuensch, Karl L; McCammon, Susan L; Davis, Karen B

2016-11-25

Stigma associated with mental illness (MI) results in underutilization of mental health care. We must understand factors contributing to stigma to shape anti-stigma campaigns. To investigate the factors influencing stigma in university students. Undergraduate psychology students completed measures on causal attribution, stigma, social distance, implicit person theory (IPT), and familiarity. The hypothesis was partially supported; people who felt personality traits were unchangeable (i.e. entity IPT) were more likely to stigmatize individuals with mental disorders and desired more social distance from them. Familiarity with people with a MI individually predicted less desire for social distance, yet the redundancy of the predictors made the effect of familiarity on stigma fall just short of statistical significance. Judgments of biogenetic causal attribution were related to higher stigma levels, but not so when familiarity and IPT were taken into account. Educational campaigns may be effective by focusing on aspects of MI highlighting similarity with non-diagnosed people, and that people with MI can recover.

Familiar Music as an Enhancer of Self-Consciousness in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva M. Arroyo-Anlló

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of familiar music on self-consciousness (SC in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD. For this purpose, two AD groups of 20 patients matched by age, educational level, gender, illness duration, and cognitive state were assessed using an SC questionnaire before and after music intervention. The SC questionnaire measured several aspects: personal identity, anosognosia, affective state, body representation, prospective memory, introspection and moral judgments. One AD group received familiar music stimulation and another AD group unfamiliar music stimulation over three months. The AD patients who received a familiar music intervention showed a stabilization or improvement in aspects of SC. By contrast, control AD group showed a deterioration of most of the SC aspects after unfamiliar music stimulation, except the SC aspects of body representation and affective state. Familiar music stimulation could be considered as an enhancer of SC in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

The neural representation of personally familiar and unfamiliar faces in the distributed system for face perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo; Halchenko, Yaroslav O; Guntupalli, J Swaroop; Gors, Jason D; Gobbini, M Ida

2017-09-25

Personally familiar faces are processed more robustly and efficiently than unfamiliar faces. The human face processing system comprises a core system that analyzes the visual appearance of faces and an extended system for the retrieval of person-knowledge and other nonvisual information. We applied multivariate pattern analysis to fMRI data to investigate aspects of familiarity that are shared by all familiar identities and information that distinguishes specific face identities from each other. Both identity-independent familiarity information and face identity could be decoded in an overlapping set of areas in the core and extended systems. Representational similarity analysis revealed a clear distinction between the two systems and a subdivision of the core system into ventral, dorsal and anterior components. This study provides evidence that activity in the extended system carries information about both individual identities and personal familiarity, while clarifying and extending the organization of the core system for face perception.

Left-right facial orientation of familiar faces: developmental aspects of « the mere exposure hypothesis »

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anouck Amestoy

2010-09-01

Full Text Available We investigated the developmental aspect of sensitivity to the orientation of familiar faces by asking 38 adults and 72 children from 3 to 12 years old to make a preference choice between standard and mirror images of themselves and of familiar faces, presented side-by-side or successively. When familiar (parental faces were presented simultaneously, 3–5 year-olds showed no preference, but by age 5-7 years an adult-like preference for the standard image emerged. Similarly, the adult-like preference for the mirror image of their own face emerged by 5-7 years of age. When familiar or self faces were presented successively, 3–7 year-olds showed no preference, and adult-like preference for the standard image emerged by age 7-12 years. These results suggest the occurrence of an early developmental process in the perception of familiar face asymmetries which is retained in memory related to knowledge about faces.

Left-right facial orientation of familiar faces: developmental aspects of « the mere exposure hypothesis ».

Science.gov (United States)

Amestoy, Anouck; Bouvard, Manuel P; Cazalets, Jean-René

2010-01-01

We investigated the developmental aspect of sensitivity to the orientation of familiar faces by asking 38 adults and 72 children from 3 to 12 years old to make a preference choice between standard and mirror images of themselves and of familiar faces, presented side-by-side or successively. When familiar (parental) faces were presented simultaneously, 3- to 5-year-olds showed no preference, but by age 5-7 years an adult-like preference for the standard image emerged. Similarly, the adult-like preference for the mirror image of their own face emerged by 5-7 years of age. When familiar or self faces were presented successively, 3- to 7-year-olds showed no preference, and adult-like preference for the standard image emerged by age 7-12 years. These results suggest the occurrence of a developmental process in the perception of familiar face asymmetries which is retained in memory related to knowledge about faces.

The integration of familiarity and recollection information in short-term recognition: modeling speed-accuracy trade-off functions.

Science.gov (United States)

Göthe, Katrin; Oberauer, Klaus

2008-05-01

Dual process models postulate familiarity and recollection as the basis of the recognition process. We investigated the time-course of integration of the two information sources to one recognition judgment in a working memory task. We tested 24 subjects with a response signal variant of the modified Sternberg recognition task (Oberauer, 2001) to isolate the time course of three different probe types indicating different combinations of familiarity and source information. We compared two mathematical models implementing different ways of integrating familiarity and recollection. Within each model, we tested three assumptions about the nature of the familiarity signal, with familiarity having (a) only positive values, indicating similarity of the probe with the memory list, (b) only negative values, indicating novelty, or (c) both positive and negative values. Both models provided good fits to the data. A model combining the outputs of both processes additively (Integration Model) gave an overall better fit to the data than a model based on a continuous familiarity signal and a probabilistic all-or-none recollection process (Dominance Model).

Doença Terminal: A Construção da Integridade Familiar no Cuidador Idoso

OpenAIRE

Filipa Daniela Marques; Inês Mendes

2017-01-01

ObjetivosCuidar de uma pessoa no fim da vida é um evento cada vez mais comum e constitui um desafio a nível físico, emocional, relacional e desenvolvimental. A integridade familiar, processo emocional caraterizado por sentimentos de conexão, continuidade e pertença na família, constitui um desafio normal no desenvolvimento das pessoas idosas, influenciado por fatores do sistema familiar. Este estudo explora as experiências de pessoas idosas cuidadoras principais de familiares com doença termi...

Word Learning in Adults with Second-Language Experience: Effects of Phonological and Referent Familiarity

Science.gov (United States)

Kaushanskaya, Margarita; Yoo, Jeewon; Van Hecke, Stephanie

2013-01-01

Purpose: The goal of this research was to examine whether phonological familiarity exerts different effects on novel word learning for familiar versus unfamiliar referents and whether successful word learning is associated with increased second-language experience. Method: Eighty-one adult native English speakers with various levels of Spanish…

Mechanisms Supporting Superior Source Memory for Familiar Items: A Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis Study

Science.gov (United States)

Poppenk, Jordan; Norman, Kenneth A.

2012-01-01

Recent cognitive research has revealed better source memory performance for familiar relative to novel stimuli. Here we consider two possible explanations for this finding. The source memory advantage for familiar stimuli could arise because stimulus novelty induces attention to stimulus features at the expense of contextual processing, resulting…

Factores de la dinámica familiar de los niños y niñas en situación de calle en alrededores del Mercado Mayorista que determinan su expulsión del seno familiar

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Cecilia Aliaga Sandoval

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: La investigación fue para determinar los factores de la dinámica familiar de los niños y niñas en situación de calle en alrededores del Mercado Mayorista que propiciaron su expulsión del seno familiar. Métodos: Es una investigación de tipo básica, de nivel descriptivo; de carácter cualitativo; el método que se utilizó fue el análisis síntesis, y una muestra no probabilística, se desarrolló a partir del estudio de caso de cinco niños que viven en la calle en alrededores del Mercado Mayorista de la ciudad de Huancayo, Perú; que fueron identificados a partir de informantes claves, se hizo abordaje paulatinos y progresivos y cuando ya se estableció un nivel mínimo de confianza, se les registró su testimonio. Resultados: Los factores de la dinámica familiar que determinan la expulsión del seno familiar son la desestructuración en su cohesión familiar no solo por producto de ruptura conyugal; sino también por dos características identificadas en esta población uno es el proceso de “migración” y otro es “las experiencias de violencia” que se dan al interior del seno familiar; otros factores de la dinámica familiar son: la existencia de inadecuados niveles de comunicación familiar producto de la incompatibilidad de caracteres entre padres e hijos y por la existencia de un negativo clima emocional afectivo por las escasas expresiones de afecto entre padres e hijos. Conclusiones: Se encontró que son niños y no niñas que se ven afectados por los problemas al interior de la familia y los principales factores para determinar su expulsión son el proceso de “migración” y otro es “las experiencias de violencia”; así mismo los inadecuados niveles de comunicación familiar y la existencia de un clima emocional afectivo.

Acquaintanceship, Familiarity, and Coordinated Laughter in Writing Tutorials

Science.gov (United States)

Thonus, Terese

2008-01-01

This study compared the frequency, structure, and purposes of laughter in writing tutorials between 46 acquainted and unacquainted tutor-student pairs. Of particular interest were instances of shared, or coordinated laughter, which took the form of sequenced, simultaneous, and extended laughter. Familiarity, viewed as a continuum, was also…

The effect of exercise-induced arousal on chosen tempi for familiar melodies

OpenAIRE

Jakubowski, Kelly; Halpern, Andrea; Grierson, Mick; Stewart, Lauren

2014-01-01

Many previous studies have shown that arousal affects time perception, suggesting a direct influence of arousal on the speed of the pacemaker of the internal clock. However, it is unknown whether arousal influences the mental representation of tempo (speed) for highly familiar and complex stimuli, such as well-known melodies, that have long-term representations in memory. Previous research suggests that mental representations of the tempo of familiar melodies are stable over time; the aim of ...

Familiarity with modern health management trends by West African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Familiarity with modern health management trends by West African Surgeons. ... of the West African College of Surgeons, which was held in Calabar, Nigeria, from ... We recommend for a well-focussed short time duration health management ...

LIVING WITH THE PSYCHOTIC IN THE FAMILIAR POINT OF VIEW

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Leila Mariza Hildebrandt

2004-04-01

Full Text Available A lot of people live situations of mental sickness, from psychotic character, that can cause sufferingboth for the sick and his family. We believe that try this situation means to live with limitations and wearings in thefamiliar everyday, what makes difficult the living with the psychotic person. Considering these aspects, thisresearch has the purpose of knowing the familiar perception about his living with a psychotic bearer person. It isabout a qualitative, explorative and descriptive study, developed in a northwest city of Rio Grande do Sul state,called Ijuí. The people of the investigation are composed of five psychotic’s parents, which frequent the socioterapygroup in Gloria district. The information collection happened trough open interviews, recorded and wrote out at all.The analysis of the obtained data followed MINAYO’s (2002 methodological proposition. By the containedinformation in the stud’s social actor’s declarations, emerged three thematic with a similar nucleus of thoughts. Onfirst thematic, we discussed about the difficulties faced by the familiars in the living with the psychotic in themoment he has the acute symptoms. On the second thematic, we talked about the medical question as bring atherapeutic element that helps the mental sick to keep stable., becoming better the familiars life. The third thematicshows the family conception about mental sickness. With this research we concluded that the living with a mentalsick person is taxing for the familiar and, sometimes, there are difficulties to understand the symptoms showed bythe sick person. Besides that, the family considers the medication one of the most important possibilities ofintervention in the psychotic’s therapy, what is reinforced by the health team that leads with these people.

Caracterización psicofuncional de pacientes con estrés familiar

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Odalys García Montes

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Se hizo un estudio de 150 pacientes con crisis familiares, pertenecientes al área de salud del poblado de Boniato, en el municipio Santiago de Cuba. El funcionamiento familiar disfuncional predominó en los casos de familias extensas, la mayoría de ellas con estilo de vida nocivo. La familia y la pareja fueron las redes de apoyo más utilizadas; razón por la cual se recomienda promover en la comunidad, mediante la valoración de las dinámicas familiares, el uso adecuado de las redes de apoyo social como potentes amortiguadores del estrés.150 patients with family crises from the health area of the village of Boniato, in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba, were studied. The abnormal family functioning predominated among the large families. Most of them had a noxious life style. The family and the couple were the most used supporting networks. Therefore, it is recommended to promote in the community the adequate use of the social supporting networks as powerful stress reducers by assessing family dynamics.

Orientation of pigeons exposed to constant light and released from familiar sites.

Science.gov (United States)

Dall'Antonia, P; Luschi, P

1993-12-01

It has been proposed that homing pigeons may use pilotage to orient home when released from familiar sites. To test this possibility, a group of pigeons was released from familiar locations after being exposed to a constant bright light. This treatment produced the loss of the circadian rhythmicity of general activity of the birds and thus presumably impaired their time-compensating sun compass mechanism. Experimental birds, both anosmic and olfactorily unimpaired, did not show any tendency to orient home, their bearing distributions being generally not different from random. Their homing performances were also affected. These results show that initial orientation of pigeons released from familiar sites entails the use of the sun compass even when the birds are released after a treatment that makes them arrhythmic in their activity. The possibility that pilotage may play a role in the first part of the homing flight of pigeons remains to be demonstrated.

Relación entre funcionalidad familiar y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por adolescentes embarazadas

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Gloria Esperanza Zambrano Plata

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la relación que existe entre la funcionalidad familiar y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las adolescentes embarazadas usuarias de tres Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud (IPS pertenecientes a la Empresa Social del Estado Imsalud en el primer semestre de 2011. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo correlacional y probabilístico, la muestra conformada por 150 adolescentes inscritas en el Programa de Atención a la Adolescente Gestante. Resultados: se destacó que la mayoría de adolescentes embarazadas se encontraban en el rango de edad de 17-19 años con un promedio de 18 años, la menarquía se presentó principalmente a edades tempranas cuando las adolescentes tenían 12 años; y la edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales fue a los 16 años. En el sistema familiar de las adolescentes embarazadas se encontró que un gran porcentaje del total de participantes, tienen un sistema familiar disfuncional (54% y en menor medida tienen sistema familiar funcional correspondiente al 46%. Conclusiones: respecto a la funcionalidad familiar y las estrategias de afrontamiento se encontró asociación directa y positiva entre estas variables demostrándose que a mayor nivel de funcionalidad familiar se utilizaran estrategias más productivas y viceversa.

AVISTANDO O PRESENTEÍSMO DA CONVIVÊNCIA FAMILIAR COM PESSOA DEPENDENTE DE CUIDADOS FÍSICOS

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MARIA DAS NEVES DECESARO

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La vida familiar y las relaciones inter y extra familiares cambian radicalmente cuando uno de sus miembros padece de alguna enfermedad. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo presentar elementos aprehendidos de la actitud de presencia con sus aspectos de alteridad y complementariedad, que participan o están presentes en la dinámica de las relaciones cotidianas de familiares, que pasan a convivir con un familiar adulto que se transformó en dependiente de cuidados físicos. Elegimos para la investigación, el planteo cualitativo de pesquisa, según el referencial teórico - metodológico de Maffesoli el cual utiliza como apoyo metodológico el formismo. Se recogieron datos en el domicilio de cuatro familias, en un periodo de seis meses, utilizando las técnicas de entrevista y grupo focal. Los resultados revelaron que la actitud de presencia en la dinámica de las relaciones, cuando se trata de la convivencia con un familiar dependiente de cuidados físicos se altera y se rehace, en un movimiento de construcción del presente que no quita las marcas del pasado.

Familiarization, validity and smallest detectable difference of the isometric squat test in evaluating maximal strength.

Science.gov (United States)

Drake, David; Kennedy, Rodney; Wallace, Eric

2018-02-06

Isometric multi-joint tests are considered reliable and have strong relationships with 1RM performance. However, limited evidence is available for the isometric squat in terms of effects of familiarization and reliability. This study aimed to assess, the effect of familiarization, stability reliability, determine the smallest detectible difference, and the correlation of the isometric squat test with 1RM squat performance. Thirty-six strength-trained participants volunteered to take part in this study. Following three familiarization sessions, test-retest reliability was evaluated with a 48-hour window between each time point. Isometric squat peak, net and relative force were assessed. Results showed three familiarizations were required, isometric squat had a high level of stability reliability and smallest detectible difference of 11% for peak and relative force. Isometric strength at a knee angle of ninety degrees had a strong significant relationship with 1RM squat performance. In conclusion, the isometric squat is a valid test to assess multi-joint strength and can discriminate between strong and weak 1RM squat performance. Changes greater than 11% in peak and relative isometric squat performance should be considered as meaningful in participants who are familiar with the test.

La empresa familiar y la sociedad legal de gananciales y su sucesión

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Carlos Miguélez del Río

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo hace referencia a la problemática derivada de la existencia de la empresa familiar y a las características específicas de las explotaciones familiares, especialmente las de asegurar la conservación y continuación de la misma. Ante la falta de una regulación específica en la materia, estudiaremos la normativa común sobre la empresa familiar dentro del régimen económico del matrimonio y la sucesión de la misma. Con esta finalidad examinaremos las nuevas reformas introducidas en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico contemplando la empresa familiar, tanto como bien ganancial, como privativo, como integrada por bienes privativos y gananciales, así como en cuanto a sus beneficios y pérdidas y los efectos que en ella produce la liquidación de la sociedad ganancial. Efectuaremos también un estudio específico del protocolo familiar y de las formas de sucesión de la empresa familiar, con mención concreta al novedoso contenido del art. 1056 del Cc y a las facultades de mejora de hijos o descendientes, para concluir con las notas más importantes de los pactos sucesorios y su trascendencia jurídica.His work refers to the problematics derived from the existence of the family business and to the specific characteristics of the familiar developments, specially them of assuring the conservation and continuation of the same one. Before the lack of a specific regulation in the matter, we will study the common regulation on the family business inside the economic regime of the marriage and the succession of the same one. With this purpose we will examine the new reforms got in our juridical classification contemplating the family business, so much as profit good, since exclusively, since integrated by exclusive and profit goods, as well as for his benefits and losses and the effects that in her there produces the liquidation of the profit company. We will effect also a specific study of the familiar protocol and of the forms of succession

Estrés académico y funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes de odontología

OpenAIRE

Shyrley Díaz Cárdenas; Katherine Arrieta Vergara; Farith González Martínez

2014-01-01

Objetivo: Asociar estrés académico y funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes de odontología. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal en una muestra probabilística de 251 estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Se midieron características sociodemográficas, estrés académico (escala SISCO) y funcionalidad familiar (APGAR familiar). Se estimó ocurrencia (prevalencias), asociación entre variables (odd ratios) y análisis multivariable (regresión log...

Familiarity and Within-Person Facial Variability: The Importance of the Internal and External Features.

Science.gov (United States)

Kramer, Robin S S; Manesi, Zoi; Towler, Alice; Reynolds, Michael G; Burton, A Mike

2018-01-01

As faces become familiar, we come to rely more on their internal features for recognition and matching tasks. Here, we assess whether this same pattern is also observed for a card sorting task. Participants sorted photos showing either the full face, only the internal features, or only the external features into multiple piles, one pile per identity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we showed the standard advantage for familiar faces-sorting was more accurate and showed very few errors in comparison with unfamiliar faces. However, for both familiar and unfamiliar faces, sorting was less accurate for external features and equivalent for internal and full faces. In Experiment 3, we asked whether external features can ever be used to make an accurate sort. Using familiar faces and instructions on the number of identities present, we nevertheless found worse performance for the external in comparison with the internal features, suggesting that less identity information was available in the former. Taken together, we show that full faces and internal features are similarly informative with regard to identity. In comparison, external features contain less identity information and produce worse card sorting performance. This research extends current thinking on the shift in focus, both in attention and importance, toward the internal features and away from the external features as familiarity with a face increases.

Influencia del medio familiar en niños con conductas agresivas

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Nilo Valentín Noroño Morales

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, sobre la influencia del medio familiar en niños de 9 a 11 años, con conductas agresivas, evaluados y diagnosticados en el Departamento de Psicología del Policlínico " Dr. Tomás Romay"; la muestra estuvo conformada además, por los padres de estos niños. A todos ellos se les aplicó una serie de técnicas con el objetivo principal de describir las características del medio familiar y su influencia en las conductas agresivas de los infantes. Se concluyó en que como características del medio familiar predominaron las familias disfuncionales incompletas, con manifestaciones de agresividad, alcoholismo, mala integración social y familiar, rechazo hacia los hijos e irresponsabilidad en su cuidado y atención.A descriptive study of the influence of the family environment on children aged 9-11 years old, evaluated and diagnosed at the Psychology Department of "Dr Tomás Romay" polyclinics, was carried out. The children´s parents were also part of the sample. All of them were applied a series of techniques to find out the characteristics of the family environment and its influence on children´s aggressive behaviors. It was concluded that the predominant characteristics were uncompleted dysfunctional families with manifestations of aggressiveness, alcoholism, poor social and family integration, rejection to children and lack of responsibility in relation to their care and attention.

Poliposis adenomatosa familiar en niños cubanos

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Tulio Antonio Amaya Sorto

Full Text Available Introducción: la poliposis adenomatosa familiar es una enfermedad autosómica dominante con evolución al cáncer colorrectal. Objetivo: caracterizar a los niños cubanos con poliposis adenomatosa familiar. Métodos: se realizó un estudio, descriptivo, prospectivo de serie de casos, atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología de Cuba, durante el periodo comprendido entre febrero de 2011 y mayo de 2013. Se incluyeron 15 niños, en los cuales se había establecido el diagnóstico de poliposis por colonoscopia, con confirmación histológica de adenomas. A todos se les realizó endoscopia del tracto digestivo superior, ultrasonografía de abdomen superior, ortopantomografía, survey óseo, tránsito intestinal, consulta de oftalmología y neurología. Resultados: el 60,0 % fue del sexo masculino y el 60,0 % de color de piel blanca. La pesquisa de los pacientes asintomáticos y el sangrado rectal fueron los motivos de consulta más frecuentes (40,0 % respectivamente. Predominó la forma florida de la enfermedad, y la displasia de bajo grado se observó en el 73,3 %. El 26,7 % tuvo pólipos en el estómago, y fue la localización más observada. La manifestación extraintestinal más frecuente fue la hipertrofia congénita del epitelio retiniano (73,3 %, seguida por los dientes supernumerarios y los quistes dentígenos. Al analizarlo por grupos de edades, entre 10 y 18 años, al 40,0 % ya se les había realizado colectomía. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados tenían antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad, la pesquisa familiar y el sangrado rectal fueron los principales motivos de estudio. Todos presentaron la forma florida, y en su gran mayoría, displasia de bajo grado en el momento del diagnóstico. Los pólipos extracolónicos se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el estómago, y la manifestación extraintestinal más frecuente fue la hipertrofia congénita del epitelio retiniano. La mayoría de los pacientes no se hab

Understanding the mechanisms of familiar voice-identity recognition in the human brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Maguinness, Corrina; Roswandowitz, Claudia; von Kriegstein, Katharina

2018-03-31

Humans have a remarkable skill for voice-identity recognition: most of us can remember many voices that surround us as 'unique'. In this review, we explore the computational and neural mechanisms which may support our ability to represent and recognise a unique voice-identity. We examine the functional architecture of voice-sensitive regions in the superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, and bring together findings on how these regions may interact with each other, and additional face-sensitive regions, to support voice-identity processing. We also contrast findings from studies on neurotypicals and clinical populations which have examined the processing of familiar and unfamiliar voices. Taken together, the findings suggest that representations of familiar and unfamiliar voices might dissociate in the human brain. Such an observation does not fit well with current models for voice-identity processing, which by-and-large assume a common sequential analysis of the incoming voice signal, regardless of voice familiarity. We provide a revised audio-visual integrative model of voice-identity processing which brings together traditional and prototype models of identity processing. This revised model includes a mechanism of how voice-identity representations are established and provides a novel framework for understanding and examining the potential differences in familiar and unfamiliar voice processing in the human brain. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

RELACIÓN ENTRE FUNCIONAMIENTO FAMILIAR Y CONDUCTAS DE RIESGO EN ADOLESCENTES DE LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA SECUNDARIA COMERCIO N° 45, PUNO. 2012.

OpenAIRE

MÁLAGA YANQUI, FRIDA JUDITH

2013-01-01

LA FAMILIA FUNCIONAMIENTO FAMILIAR BASES TEÓRICAS SOBRE FUNCIONAMIENTO FAMILIAR DESCRIPCIÓN DEL MODELO CIRCUMPLEJO DE OLSON FUNCIONAMIENTO FAMILIAR SEGÚN EL MODELO CIRCUMPLEJO DE OLSON CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS NIVELES DE COHESIÓN FAMILIAR CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS NIVELES DE ADAPTABILIDAD FAMILIAR MODELO CIRCUMPLEJO DE OLSON TIPOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO FAMILIAR ADOLESCENCIA - ETAPAS CONDUCTAS DE RIESGO EN LA ADOLESCENCIA CONDUCTAS SEXUALES INICIO PRECOZ DE LAS RELACIONES SEXUALES SEXO SIN PROTECCIÓN...

COMPETITIVIDAD Y PRODUCTIVIDAD en empresas familiares pymes Una aproximación desde la interacción familia-empresa

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Luis Ernesto Romero

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo llama la atención sobre la importancia que tiene el factor familiar en el desarrollo de la productividad y la competitividad de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMES familiares. El mismo, está dividido en tres partes; la primera parte introduce conceptualmente al lector en el mundo de las empresas familiares; la segunda parte, plantea el problema de la interacción familia-empresa como factor determinante en las posibilidades de fortalecer la productividad y la capacidad competitiva de una PyME familiar, y finalmente la tercera parte del artículo describe un caso típico que ejemplifica los efectos de la dinámica familiar sobre el desempeño de tales organizaciones.

Frieze: Getting beneath the Surface of the Past in Aestheticist Painting and Literature

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østermark-Johansen, Lene

2010-01-01

Artiklen ser på frisen som æstetisk form i malerier af Albert Moore, Lawrence Alma-Tadema og Frederick Leighton og kæder dette sammen med frisen som gennemgående motiv i Walter Paters roman Marius the Epicurean (1885).......Artiklen ser på frisen som æstetisk form i malerier af Albert Moore, Lawrence Alma-Tadema og Frederick Leighton og kæder dette sammen med frisen som gennemgående motiv i Walter Paters roman Marius the Epicurean (1885)....

Determinación de la confiabilidad del instrumento de efectividad familiar Determinação da confiabilidade do instrumento de efetividade familiar Determining the reliability of the family effectiveness instrument

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Rosalba Leal Carrillo

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio cuyos objetivos fueron determinar la confiabilidad de la versión en español del instrumento Escala de Evaluación de la Funcionalidad Familiar, de Marie Luise Friedemann, e identificar la efectividad de la funcionalidad familiar, mediante la aplicación del instrumento en 883 familias de la ciudad de Villavicencio. La metodología incluyó un diseño de tipo descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, transversal. La confiabilidad se valoró por el método de fiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach con cada ítem. Entre los resultados se evidenció que los coeficientes intraindividuales del instrumento se encuentran entre 0,691 y 0,742; hubo consistencia interna entre los ítems. En la efectividad de la funcionalidad familiar, la clasificación de las dimensiones y metas de las familias en estudio fue de niveles bajo y medio con los siguientes porcentajes: dimensiones de coherencia, 46%; individuación, 47,5%; mantenimiento, 29%; cambio en el sistema, 52%. Metas de: crecimiento, 49%; control, 52% y espiritualidad, 47%. En conclusión, el 49,3% de las familias se clasificó en niveles bajo e intermedio de efectividad de la funcionalidad familiar, lo cual es coherente con el obtenido en las dimensiones y metas, y refleja deficiente incorporación de conocimientos para adquirir nuevas conductas, problemas en la comunicación efectiva, no compartir experiencias y sentimientos, dificultad para adaptarse a nuevos valores, estilos de vida, ausencia de relaciones con otros sistemas familiares, deficiencias en acciones colectivas, dificultad para incorporar nuevos conocimientos y apropiarse de conductas para transformar la cultura (morfogénesis; lo anterior ocasiona deterioro en la evolución del sistema familiar.Realizou-se um estudo que objetivou determinar a confiabilidade da versão em espanhol do instrumento Escala de Avaliação da Funcionalidade Familiar, de Marie Luise Friedemann, e identificar a efetividade da funcionalidade familiar

The effects of song familiarity and age on phenomenological characteristics and neural recruitment during autobiographical memory retrieval.

Science.gov (United States)

Ford, Jaclyn H; Rubin, David C; Giovanello, Kelly S

2016-09-01

Recent research suggests that emotional music clips can serve as a highly successful tool for eliciting rich autobiographical memories, and that the utility of these cues may be related to their subjective familiarity. The current study was designed to examine the effects of familiarity on phenomenological characteristics and neural recruitment during retrieval of autobiographical memories elicited by musical cues. Further, we were interested in understanding how these effects differ as a function of age. In an event-related functional neuroimaging study, participants retrieved autobiographical memories associated with age-specific popular musical clips. Participants rated song familiarity, as well as the temporal specificity and emotional valence of each memory. Song familiarity was associated with increased dmPFC activity and ratings of temporal specificity and positivity across participants. In addition, behavioral and neuroimaging findings suggest age differences in familiarity-related effects in which familiarity was more associated with enhancement of memory detail in young adults and affective positivity in older adults. These findings highlight important age-related shifts in how individuals retrieve autobiographical events and how personally-relevant musical cues may be used to facilitate memory retrieval.

Tactile object familiarity in the blind brain reveals the supramodal perceptual-mnemonic nature of the perirhinal cortex

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Laura eCacciamani

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This study is the first to investigate the neural underpinnings of tactile object familiarity in the blind during both perception and memory. In the sighted, the perirhinal cortex (PRC has been implicated in the assessment of visual object familiarity—a crucial everyday task—as evidenced by reduced activation when an object becomes familiar. Here, to examine the PRC’s role in tactile object familiarity in the absence of vision, we trained blind subjects on a unique memory-guided drawing technique and measured brain activity while they perceptually explored raised-line drawings, drew them from tactile memory, and scribbled (control. FMRI before and after a week of training revealed a significant decrease in PRC activation from pre- to post-training (i.e., from unfamiliar to familiar during perceptual exploration as well as memory-guided drawing, but not scribbling. This familiarity-based reduction is the first evidence that the PRC represents tactile object familiarity in the blind. Furthermore, the finding of this effect during both tactile perception and tactile memory provides the critical link in establishing the PRC as a structure whose representations are supramodal for both perception and memory.

Inventario de necesidades de los familiares de los pacientes egresados de la unidad de cuidado intensivo

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Dianne Sofía González-Escobar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de los familiares de los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidado intensivo de una institución de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. Se entrevistaron a 144 familiares que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de información se empleó el Inventario de Necesidades y Estresores de Familiares en Terapia Intensiva. Resultados: La necesidad de información fue catalogada por el 95.1% de los familiares como muy importante, y Al analizar el grado de satisfacción de las 43 necesidades, se constató que el 96.5% de los familiares señala todas las necesidades como muy importantes. Conclusiones El reconocimiento e inclusión de la familia de los pacientes en los procesos de atención demanda cambios fundamentales en la visión y en la organización de las instituciones de salud.

Exploring the relationships between drivers' familiarity and two-lane rural road accidents. A multi-level study.

Science.gov (United States)

Intini, Paolo; Berloco, Nicola; Colonna, Pasquale; Ranieri, Vittorio; Ryeng, Eirin

2018-02-01

Previous research has suggested that drivers' route familiarity/unfamiliarity (using different definitions of familiarity), and the interactions between familiar and unfamiliar drivers, may affect both the driving performances and the likelihood of road crashes. The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution in the search for relationships between familiarity and crashes by: 1) introducing a measure of familiarity based on the distance from residence; 2) analyzing a traffic and accident dataset referred to rural two-lane sections of the Norwegian highways E6 and E39; 3) using a multi-level approach, based on different perspectives, from a macro analysis to more detailed levels. In the macro analyses, the accident rates computed for different seasons and for different summer traffic variation rates (used as indicators of the share of familiar drivers in the flow) were performed. At the second level, a logistic regression model was used to explain the familiarity/unfamiliarity of drivers (based on their distance from residence), through variables retrieved from the database. In the last step, an in-depth analysis considering also accident types and dynamics was conducted. In the macro analysis, no differences were found between accident rates in the different conditions. Whereas, as emerged from the detailed analyses, the factors: high traffic volume, low summer traffic variation, autumn/winter, minor intersections/driveways, speed limits accident risk, possibly due to distraction and dangerous behaviors, while the influence of being unfamiliar on the accident proneness has some unclarified aspects. However, crashes to unfamiliar drivers may cluster at sites showing high summer traffic variation and in summer months. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A gravidez na adolescência sob a perspectiva dos familiares: compartilhando projetos de vida e cuidado

OpenAIRE

Silva, Lucía; Tonete, Vera Lúcia Pamplona

2006-01-01

Estudo qualitativo, que objetivou apreender o significado da gravidez da adolescente para seus familiares. Empregou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e discurso do sujeito coletivo. A gravidez da adolescente é representada como problema a ser enfrentado com o suporte familiar. As famílias preocupam-se e se mobilizam para resolver as adversidades. Além do choque pela notícia, impotência quanto à prevenção da gravidez, conformismo, alegria e melhora no relacionamento familiar pela chegada do beb...

El COMPROMISO EN LA EMPRESA FAMILIAR BAJO UNA ÓPTICA DE LIDERAZGO TRANSFORMACIONAL Y APRENDIZAJE ORGANIZACIONAL /

OpenAIRE

Vallejo Martos, M. C.

2007-01-01

La principal aportación del presente trabajo de investigación no es otra que la contrastación empírica de que la existencia de mayores niveles de compromiso organizacional en las empresas familiar se debe al liderazgo transformacional y puede ser explicada mediante el enfoque cognitivo del aprendizaje organizacional. Asimismo, el trabajo arroja evidencia de la diferencialidad del compromiso en la empresa familiar respecto de la no familiar a partir de las tres dimensiones del compromiso organ...

PENGUJIAN BIAS PERILAKU: GAMBLER’S FALLACY, HALO EFFECT, DAN FAMILIARITY EFFECT DI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA

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Riana Rahmawati Djojopranoto

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study aims to examine the biased behavior of investor in uptrend and/or downtrend market in Indonesian stock exchange. Behavioral bias is indicated by three variables: gambler’s fallacy, halo effect, and familiarity effect. Data were collected using questionnaire and distributed to 384 respondents. First, questionnaires were analyzed using frequency distribution. Second, questionnaires were assessed using Likert scale and analyzed using one sample t-test and paired t-test to answer the hypothesis and research questions. The result shows that gambler’s fallacy exists in investors when they trade in uptrend stock market, but does not exist in downtrend stock market. Halo effect does not exist when they trade in uptrend and downtrend stock market. Meanwhile, familiarity effect exists when they trade in uptrend and downtrend stock market. In uptrend stock market, familiarity effect was greater than that of the downtrend stock market. Based on the result, this research concluded that in general, investors in Indonesian stock market are irrational in decision making process. In the uptrend market, behavioral bias is potentially greater than that in the downtrend market as indicated by the occurrence of gambler’s fallacy and familiarity effect. Meanwhile, in the downtrend market, the behavioral bias is indicated by familiarity effect.

La reagrupación familiar en la sociedad española desde una perspectiva latinoamericana

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Joel Harry Clavijo Suntura

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación está orientada a realizar un estudio de la reagrupación familiar; en ese marco, a manera de introducción se hará un análisis de esta figura en el ámbito social, se identificarán los inconvenientes que tienen los familiares reagrupados durante el transcurso de este proceso tanto en el país de origen como en el país receptor. Luego de ello se efectuará un estudio analítico e interpretativo de la figura jurídica de la reagrupación familiar. En ese contexto, el tema será analizado primero desde la legislación internacional y posteriormente desde la legislación española; esto con la finalidad de determinar si su regulación hace viable el proceso de la reunificación de la familia o si, por el contrario, dificulta su realización. Y para concluir se realizará un breve enfoque sobre las características de la estructura familiar en Latinoamérica, con el objetivo de comparar si existen similitudes con la sociedad española y si esto hace factible el proceso de reagrupación familiar.

[Experiencing familiar violence: men who commit violence against their mates].

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, Nadirlene Pereira; Diniz, Normélia Maria Freire; Freire, Normélia Maria

2005-01-01

The aim of this study was to understand which elements are present on the construction of the identity of men who commit violence against their mates. This qualitative study took as theoretical reference the Social Representations. It was carried out on Calafate community, San Martin, Salvador, BA. Its population was composed by 7 men who committed violence against their mates. Semi-structured interview provided data, which was organized through Bardin's Content Analysis, specifically thematic analysis, in the axis Familiar Relation. The study enabled us to identify elements that interfere on the construction of the identity of men who commit violence against their mates. Its origin is in the familiar relationship, marked by factors as lack of dialogue and physical aggressions.

When familiarity breeds accuracy: cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition.

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Elfenbein, Hillary Anger; Ambady, Nalini

2003-08-01

Two studies provide evidence for the role of cultural familiarity in recognizing facial expressions of emotion. For Chinese located in China and the United States, Chinese Americans, and non-Asian Americans, accuracy and speed in judging Chinese and American emotions was greater with greater participant exposure to the group posing the expressions. Likewise, Tibetans residing in China and Africans residing in the United States were faster and more accurate when judging emotions expressed by host versus nonhost society members. These effects extended across generations of Chinese Americans, seemingly independent of ethnic or biological ties. Results suggest that the universal affect system governing emotional expression may be characterized by subtle differences in style across cultures, which become more familiar with greater cultural contact.

Relação familiar da pessoa idosa com comprometimento da capacidade funcional

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Luana Araújo dos Reis

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comprender la relación familiar de la persona adulta con comprometimiento de la capacidad funcional. Materiales y mé - todos: estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, fundamentado en el método de la historia oral, realizado con 15 adultos mayores asistidos por una unidad de salud de la familia, residentes con familiares y que presentaban comprometimiento de la capacidad funcional. Se recolectaron los datos en el período de marzo y abril del 2012, por medio de entrevistas en profundidad. Las categorías temáticas fueron: buena relación familiar, cambios en la relación familiar, sintiéndose un estorbo para la familia, sintiéndose abandonado por la familia. Resultado: el estudio ha revelado que las personas mayores con comprometimiento de la capacidad funcional vivencian sentimientos diversos que van desde la alegría porque son respetadas y tienen sus necesidades atendidas, hasta la tristeza y revuelta, por la adaptación negativa de la familia y el abandono de los hijos. Conclusión: la relación familiar de la persona mayor pasa por reajustes luego del comprometimiento de la capacidad funcional, lo que repercute significativamente en la dinámica de las relaciones. Desde esta comprensión, los profesionales de salud, sobre todo de enfermería, deben reconocer los retos a los que la familia afronta, orientarla y capacitarla para la atención a las demandas de cuidado presentadas por la persona mayor con comprometimiento de la capacidad funcional, y favorecer la realización del cuidado sin que esto desgaste las relaciones.

Factores de riesgo para la salud familiar: acontecimientos significativos Risk factors for family health: significative events

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Patricia María Herrera Santi

2012-08-01

Full Text Available El trabajo aborda el estudio de aquellos acontecimientos que pueden generar crisis familiares. Se define el concepto de acontecimiento significativo de la vida familiar y se establece una diferenciación de estos con las crisis familiares. Se realiza un recorrido por las diferentes etapas que atraviesa el ciclo de vida familiar y de los acontecimientos significativos que constituyen momentos de riesgo en éste.This work deals with the study of those events that can generate family crises. The concept of significative event of the family life is defined, and it is established a difference between them and the family crises. The different stages through which the family life passes by and the significative events that constitute risk peaks within this cycle are analyzed.

Familiar real-world spatial cues provide memory benefits in older and younger adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Robin, Jessica; Moscovitch, Morris

2017-05-01

Episodic memory, future thinking, and memory for scenes have all been proposed to rely on the hippocampus, and evidence suggests that these all decline in healthy aging. Despite this age-related memory decline, studies examining the effects of context reinstatement on episodic memory have demonstrated that reinstating elements of the encoding context of an event leads to better memory retrieval in both younger and older adults. The current study was designed to test whether more familiar, real-world contexts, such as locations that participants visited often, would improve the detail richness and vividness of memory for scenes, autobiographical events, and imagination of future events in young and older adults. The predicted age-related decline in internal details across all 3 conditions was accompanied by persistent effects of contextual familiarity, in which a more familiar spatial context led to increased detail and vividness of remembered scenes, autobiographical events, and, to some extent, imagined future events. This study demonstrates that autobiographical memory, imagination of the future, and scene memory are similarly affected by aging, and all benefit from being associated with more familiar (real-world) contexts, illustrating the stability of contextual reinstatement effects on memory throughout the life span. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Individual differences in forced-choice recognition memory: partitioning contributions of recollection and familiarity.

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Migo, Ellen M; Quamme, Joel R; Holmes, Selina; Bendell, Andrew; Norman, Kenneth A; Mayes, Andrew R; Montaldi, Daniela

2014-01-01

In forced-choice recognition memory, two different testing formats are possible under conditions of high target-foil similarity: Each target can be presented alongside foils similar to itself (forced-choice corresponding; FCC), or alongside foils similar to other targets (forced-choice noncorresponding; FCNC). Recent behavioural and neuropsychological studies suggest that FCC performance can be supported by familiarity whereas FCNC performance is supported primarily by recollection. In this paper, we corroborate this finding from an individual differences perspective. A group of older adults were given a test of FCC and FCNC recognition for object pictures, as well as standardized tests of recall, recognition, and IQ. Recall measures were found to predict FCNC, but not FCC performance, consistent with a critical role for recollection in FCNC only. After the common influence of recall was removed, standardized tests of recognition predicted FCC, but not FCNC performance. This is consistent with a contribution of only familiarity in FCC. Simulations show that a two-process model, where familiarity and recollection make separate contributions to recognition, is 10 times more likely to give these results than a single-process model. This evidence highlights the importance of recognition memory test design when examining the involvement of recollection and familiarity.

Neural correlates of pantomiming familiar and unfamiliar tools: action semantics versus mechanical problem solving?

Science.gov (United States)

Vingerhoets, Guy; Vandekerckhove, Elisabeth; Honoré, Pieterjan; Vandemaele, Pieter; Achten, Eric

2011-06-01

This study aims to reveal the neural correlates of planning and executing tool use pantomimes and explores the brain's response to pantomiming the use of unfamiliar tools. Sixteen right-handed volunteers planned and executed pantomimes of equally graspable familiar and unfamiliar tools while undergoing fMRI. During the planning of these pantomimes, we found bilateral temporo-occipital and predominantly left hemispheric frontal and parietal activation. The execution of the pantomimes produced additional activation in frontal and sensorimotor regions. In the left posterior parietal region both familiar and unfamiliar tool pantomimes elicit peak activity in the anterior portion of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus--A region associated with the representation of action goals. The cerebral activation during these pantomimes is remarkably similar for familiar and unfamiliar tools, and direct comparisons revealed only few differences. First, the left cuneus is significantly active during the planning of pantomimes of unfamiliar tools, reflecting increased visual processing of the novel objects. Second, executing (but not planning) familiar tool pantomimes showed significant activation on the convex portion of the inferior parietal lobule, a region believed to serve as a repository for skilled object-related gestures. Given the striking similarity in brain activation while pantomiming familiar and unfamiliar tools, we argue that normal subjects use both action semantics and function from structure inferences simultaneously and interactively to give rise to flexible object-to-goal directed behavior. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Sex Differences in Music: A Female Advantage at Recognizing Familiar Melodies

Science.gov (United States)

Miles, Scott A.; Miranda, Robbin A.; Ullman, Michael T.

2016-01-01

Although sex differences have been observed in various cognitive domains, there has been little work examining sex differences in the cognition of music. We tested the prediction that women would be better than men at recognizing familiar melodies, since memories of specific melodies are likely to be learned (at least in part) by declarative memory, which shows female advantages. Participants were 24 men and 24 women, with half musicians and half non-musicians in each group. The two groups were matched on age, education, and various measures of musical training. Participants were presented with well-known and novel melodies, and were asked to indicate their recognition of familiar melodies as rapidly as possible. The women were significantly faster than the men in responding, with a large effect size. The female advantage held across musicians and non-musicians, and across melodies with and without commonly associated lyrics, as evidenced by an absence of interactions between sex and these factors. Additionally, the results did not seem to be explained by sex differences in response biases, or in basic motor processes as tested in a control task. Though caution is warranted given that this is the first study to examine sex differences in familiar melody recognition, the results are consistent with the hypothesis motivating our prediction, namely that declarative memory underlies knowledge about music (particularly about familiar melodies), and that the female advantage at declarative memory may thus lead to female advantages in music cognition (particularly at familiar melody recognition). Additionally, the findings argue against the view that female advantages at tasks involving verbal (or verbalizable) material are due solely to a sex difference specific to the verbal domain. Further, the results may help explain previously reported cognitive commonalities between music and language: since declarative memory also underlies language, such commonalities may be

Sex Differences in Music: A Female Advantage at Recognizing Familiar Melodies.

Science.gov (United States)

Miles, Scott A; Miranda, Robbin A; Ullman, Michael T

2016-01-01

Although sex differences have been observed in various cognitive domains, there has been little work examining sex differences in the cognition of music. We tested the prediction that women would be better than men at recognizing familiar melodies, since memories of specific melodies are likely to be learned (at least in part) by declarative memory, which shows female advantages. Participants were 24 men and 24 women, with half musicians and half non-musicians in each group. The two groups were matched on age, education, and various measures of musical training. Participants were presented with well-known and novel melodies, and were asked to indicate their recognition of familiar melodies as rapidly as possible. The women were significantly faster than the men in responding, with a large effect size. The female advantage held across musicians and non-musicians, and across melodies with and without commonly associated lyrics, as evidenced by an absence of interactions between sex and these factors. Additionally, the results did not seem to be explained by sex differences in response biases, or in basic motor processes as tested in a control task. Though caution is warranted given that this is the first study to examine sex differences in familiar melody recognition, the results are consistent with the hypothesis motivating our prediction, namely that declarative memory underlies knowledge about music (particularly about familiar melodies), and that the female advantage at declarative memory may thus lead to female advantages in music cognition (particularly at familiar melody recognition). Additionally, the findings argue against the view that female advantages at tasks involving verbal (or verbalizable) material are due solely to a sex difference specific to the verbal domain. Further, the results may help explain previously reported cognitive commonalities between music and language: since declarative memory also underlies language, such commonalities may be

Sex Differences in Music: A Female Advantage at Recognizing Familiar Melodies

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Michael T Ullman

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Although sex differences have been observed in various cognitive domains, there has been little work examining sex differences in the cognition of music. We tested the prediction that women would be better than men at recognizing familiar melodies, since memories of specific melodies are likely to be learned (at least in part by declarative memory, which shows female advantages. Participants were 24 men and 24 women, with half musicians and half non-musicians in each group. The two groups were matched on age, education, and various measures of musical training. Participants were presented with well-known and novel melodies, and were asked to indicate their recognition of familiar melodies as rapidly as possible. The women were significantly faster than the men in responding, with a large effect size. The female advantage held across musicians and non-musicians, and across melodies with and without commonly associated lyrics, as evidenced by an absence of interactions between sex and these factors. Additionally, the results did not seem to be explained by sex differences in response biases, or in basic auditory or motor processes as tested in a control task. Though caution is warranted given that this is the first study to examine sex differences in familiar melody recognition, the results are consistent with the hypothesis motivating our prediction, namely that declarative memory underlies knowledge about music (particularly about familiar melodies, and that the female advantage at declarative memory may thus lead to female advantages in music cognition (particularly at familiar melody recognition. Additionally, the findings argue against the view that female advantages at tasks involving verbal (or verbalizable material are due solely to a sex difference specific to the verbal domain. Further, the results may help explain previously-reported cognitive commonalities between music and language: since declarative memory also underlies language

Significados de violência familiar para idosos no contexto da atenção primária

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Ana Claudia Wanderbroocke

Full Text Available A pesquisa analisou os significados da violência familiar na perspectiva de idosos usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, ancorado na Teoria Fundamentada Empiricamente, no qual participaram nove idosos, identificados por profissionais da saúde como vítimas de violência familiar. Os dados oriundos das entrevistas semiestruturadas evidenciaram que o significado de violência familiar contra o idoso está associado a comportamentos de familiares que geram: privação de autonomia, desrespeito por parte dos netos, abandono ou negligência. Alguns tipos de violência não foram reconhecidos pelos participantes em seus próprios relacionamentos com familiares, uma vez que o significado mostrou-se alicerçado na ideia da violência que ocorre "no outro idoso", o frágil e dependente, condição com a qual não se identificaram.

Vivencias de familiares en sala de espera de trabajo de parto

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Dora Isabel Giraldo-Montoya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir las vivencias de los familiares en sala de espera de trabajo de parto. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo etnográfico. Se entrevistaron diez participantes y cuatro grupos focales; la saturación se logró cuando los investigadores no encontraron más explicación, interpretación o descripción de la experiencia. Para el análisis, se usó el método de Spradley, se construyeron categorías y dominios, y se realizó análisis taxonómico. Se desarrollaron notas de campo y observación participante. Se utilizó el software Atlas ti. Resultados: los familiares experimentan necesidades de información oportuna y eficiente. El lenguaje verbal y no verbal y el contenido de la información les produjo ansiedad e incertidumbre. Los familiares sienten la necesidad de acompañar a la gestante durante el trabajo de parto para brindarle apoyo. El ambiente en la sala de espera depende de los factores internos del familiar y los factores externos de la sala. La educación en la sala de espera representó una excelente oportunidad para aprovechar el tiempo. Emergieron los dominios: comunicación terapéutica, acompañamiento, ambiente y educación. Conclusión: el significado cultural de esperar es un acontecimiento de la vida altamente significativo, atravesado por cuatro circunstancias: la comunicación, el acompañamiento, el ambiente de la sala y la educación, situaciones que cambiaron la experiencia del nacimiento.

Experiência de profissionais e familiares de pacientes em cuidados paliativos

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Suzane Bandeira Magalhaes

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio buscó comprender la experiencia de los cuidadores familiares y profesionales que enfrentan la muerte de los pacientes de cáncer bajo cuidados paliativos en fase terminal. Se realizaron entrevistas a diez cuidadores familiares y un grupo de enfoque a un equipo de atención domiciliaria profesional de un hospital de Oncología. Algunos pacientes de estas familias estaban en la residencia y otros hospitalizados en la institución. Del grupo de enfoque se definieron cuatro categorías para análisis que a su vez apoyan el análisis de las entrevistas, que son: conceptos de cuidador, capacitación de cuidadores, los retos laborales y las creencias y actitudes acerca de la muerte. Los análisis han permitido afirmar que tanto los cuidadores profesionales como los familiares reconocen la experiencia como un proceso que los constituye con el tiempo y que los retos de precaución que rodean a la muerte son objeto de reflexión permanente. Este estudio contribuye al debate sobre los cuidados paliativos, con un crecimiento de objeto de trabajo interdisciplinario que acerca profesionales y familia.

Action prediction in younger versus older adults: neural correlates of motor familiarity.

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Nadine Diersch

Full Text Available Generating predictions during action observation is essential for efficient navigation through our social environment. With age, the sensitivity in action prediction declines. In younger adults, the action observation network (AON, consisting of premotor, parietal and occipitotemporal cortices, has been implicated in transforming executed and observed actions into a common code. Much less is known about age-related changes in the neural representation of observed actions. Using fMRI, the present study measured brain activity in younger and older adults during the prediction of temporarily occluded actions (figure skating elements and simple movement exercises. All participants were highly familiar with the movement exercises whereas only some participants were experienced figure skaters. With respect to the AON, the results confirm that this network was preferentially engaged for the more familiar movement exercises. Compared to younger adults, older adults recruited visual regions to perform the task and, additionally, the hippocampus and caudate when the observed actions were familiar to them. Thus, instead of effectively exploiting the sensorimotor matching properties of the AON, older adults seemed to rely predominantly on the visual dynamics of the observed actions to perform the task. Our data further suggest that the caudate played an important role during the prediction of the less familiar figure skating elements in better-performing groups. Together, these findings show that action prediction engages a distributed network in the brain, which is modulated by the content of the observed actions and the age and experience of the observer.

Calidad de vida del cuidador familiar y dependencia del paciente con Alzheimer

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LINA MARÍA VARGAS ESCOBAR

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la relación entre la calidad de vida del cuidador familiar y el grado de dependencia del paciente con Alzheimer. Es un estudio descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo. Participaron 192 cuidadores familiares de pacientes con Alzheimer pertenecientes al programa Cuidado a Cuidadores® de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, la Fundación Acción Familiar Alzheimer Colombia y la Asociación Colombiana de Alzheimer. Se aplicaron el instrumento "Calidad de vida versión familiar" de Betty Ferrell, quien define la calidad de vida desde las dimensiones física, psicológica, social y espiritual, y el Índice de Barthel (IB, que mide el grado de dependencia funcional del paciente. La calidad de vida general de los cuidadores obtuvo una puntuación media. El bienestar físico y espiritual presentó una tendencia positiva, mientras que el bienestar psicológico y social de este grupo poblacional mostró una tendencia negativa con riesgo de alteración a futuro. El grado de dependencia funcional del paciente con Alzheimer se encontró en dependencia total a severa, con mayor compromiso en actividades de aseo y arreglo personal. En el estudio no se encontró correlación estadística entre la calidad de vida y el grado de dependencia del paciente con Alzheimer.

Relacionamentos Afetivo-Familiares em Mulheres com Anorexia e Bulimia

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Carolina Leonidas

Full Text Available RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo investigar a rede social de apoio de mulheres com anorexia e bulimia, com ênfase em suas relações afetivo-familiares. A amostra foi composta por 12 participantes atendidas em hospital universitário. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, Mapa de Rede e Genograma. Os resultados indicaram que as redes sociais das participantes têm configuração restrita, com proeminência de membros da família em sua composição. Os relacionamentos familiares oscilam, contudo, entre turbulência e distanciamento afetivo. As relações de afeto mantidas com pais, cônjuges e namorados são marcadas por divergências e insatisfações. A baixa densidade da rede de amizades e o empobrecimento da vida social resultam em isolamento e dificuldades de dar início e/ou manter relacionamentos afetivos duradouros.

Wayfinding characteristics and familiarity indexes in an urban environment

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H. Najafpour

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Many people are encountered with finding the best way to reach to their destination. One definition for wayfinding is “the act of travelling to the destination by continuous processes of making route-choices whilst evaluating previous spatial decisions against stable cognition of the environment.  General understanding and keen appraisal of the environment can aid decision-making process of how to navigate around an area in the form of mental schemas. However, having a level of familiarity and attachment to a place is the underlying factor. The study is aimed at evaluating what is the level of familiarity of people and what is their attachment to notable landmarks in the town of Muar, Malaysia. To do so, the traditional survey analysis with the focus on data set that is attributed to a specific phenomenon and the quantifiable variable using statistical analysis on the tabularized format is undertaken.

Gobierno Corporativo: Una comparación de códigos de gobierno en el mundo, un modelo para empresas latinoaméricanas familiares y no familiares

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Gonzalo Gómez-Betancourt

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de proponer un modelo de gobierno corporativo para empresas latinoamericanas familiares y no familiares, se estudió y analizó códigos de gobierno corporativo de catorce países, encontrandó que solo dos hacen referencia a empresas familiares: Brasil y Colombia. La mayoría de códigos están dirigidos a empresas que cotizan en la bolsa, dejando a un lado las empresas familiares, pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas, que hacen una gran contribución en la economía de un país. Se encontró una gran diferencia entre los códigos de gobierno según la estructura empresarial del país: i hay países donde los dueños delegan la mayoría de sus responsabilidades a la Junta Directiva, como Estados Unidos, Australia y Reino Unido; ii países donde los dueños se involucran fuertemente en el gobierno corporativo, como Japón y México; y iii países que tienen un nivel medio de delegación. Estos últimos dividos así: a países que no delegan las responsabilidades de los dueños como la auditoría y nominación de los miembros de junta, por ejemplo, Noruega y Alemania; y b países donde se delega a la Junta Directiva, la auditoria y/o nominación de miembros de junta. Se hace una propuesta académica para con el fin de encontrar el equilibrio de poderes basado en la cultura y tradición en la ley civil latinoamericana donde los dueños tienen responsabilidades no delegables como la auditoría y nominación de miembros de junta.

Competencia de los cuidadores familiares para cuidar a los pacientes con falla cardíaca

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Diana Marcela Achury Saldaña

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El cuidador familiar es la fuente más importante de apoyo social y requiere desarrollar habilidades para reforzar las conductas de autocuidado en su familiar. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la competencia de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares de los pacientes con falla cardiaca (FC en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Con un tamaño de muestra de 41 cuidadores familiares de personas con FC que asisten al programa de FC en una institución de salud de cuarto nivel, durante el segundo semestre del 2016. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó el instrumento “CUIDAR” que cuenta con pruebas de validez de constructo y consistencia interna con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.93. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El nivel de competencia global para el cuidado en el hogar de los cuidadores familiares de los pacientes con FC fue medio y alto. Las dimensiones que alcanzaron un nivel más alto de competencia fueron Disfrutar e Instrumental y Procedimental. Discusión: Una adecuada competencia para el cuidado en los cuidadores se convierte en un factor que puede influir de manera positiva en el manejo de la persona. Conclusiones: Una adecuada competencia del cuidador familiar va a permitir una mejor adaptación a los nuevos requerimientos de la vida del paciente con su enfermedad y pueden ayudar a prevenir las descompensaciones. Cómo citar este artículo: Achury DM, Restrepo A, Torres NM, Buitrago AL, Neira NX, Devia P. Competencia de los cuidadores familiares para cuidar a los pacientes con falla cardíaca. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(3: 1721-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i3.407

When familiar social partners are selected in open-ended situations: further tests of the socioemotional selectivity theory.

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Dudley, Nikki M; Multhaup, Kristi S

2005-01-01

Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST; Carstensen, 1995, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 151-156) predicts that novel social partners are preferred in open-ended situations, whereas familiar social partners are preferred in future-limited situations. The authors attempted to generalize past research to new familiar and novel partner options. Studies 1 (N=144; undergraduates, community-dwelling adults ages 65 to 95) and 2 (N=336 community-dwelling participants ages 11 to 89) indicated that young and older participants in a future-limited situation preferred familiar partners. However, with different social partner options than have been used in previous research, young participants in an open-ended situation also preferred a familiar partner, contrary to the predictions of SST.

Criterios para una acompañamiento familiar integral, con orientación personalista, para instituciones educativas

OpenAIRE

Marroquín Valdiviezo, Carmen Isabel del Pilar

2016-01-01

Frente a la crisis familiar que vivimos actualmente, la presente investigación cualitativa buscó proponer los criterios para un acompañamiento familiar integral, con orientación personalista, para instituciones educativas. En un primer momento, hemos identificado las bases teóricas: las perspectivas de la persona desde el personalismo y las teorías psicológicas sobre las familias. Dichas bases nos han permitido conocer diversas posturas en torno a la persona y su vínculo familiar. Además, se ...

Conhecimento da rotulagem de produtos industrializados por familiares de pacientes com alergia a leite de vaca

OpenAIRE

Binsfeld,Bruna de Lima; Pastorino,Antonio Carlos; Castro,Ana Paula B. M.; Yonamine,Glauce Hiromi; Gushken,Andréa Keiko F.; Jacob,Cristina Miuki A.

2009-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade de identificação dos termos relacionados ao leite de vaca em rótulos de produtos industrializados por familiares de pacientes com alergia à bebida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo, baseado em entrevista com familiares de pacientes. Inicialmente, aplicou-se um questionário sobre o hábito de leitura de rótulos e identificação de termos relacionados ao leite e, posteriormente, apresentaram-se rótulos de 12 produtos industrializados para que os familiares de...

A VIOLÊNCIA NA TESSITURA FAMILIAR

OpenAIRE

Maria Elisa Pacheco de Oliveira Silva; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

2014-01-01

RESUMO Este artigo é parte constitutiva de projeto de pesquisa-extensão, Inclusão social em tempos de violência doméstica: o lugar da escola, empreendido por uma equipe interdisciplinar de pesquisadores da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana-Ba, em uma escola pública, de um bairro periférico do mesmo município. As ações extensionistas ocorreram através de oficinas pedagógicas, em momentos distintos com os docentes e os familiares dos estudantes. Neste trabalho descrevemos e analisamo...

Roles familiares y mercado de trabajo

OpenAIRE

Coller, Xavier, 1965-

1991-01-01

La diferent posició dels individus en el mercat de treball sembla convertir-se en una variable (no l'única) amb un fort pes explicatiu de determinades pràctiques familiars que s'analitzen en aquest article. Així, les desigualtats viscudes a la família per raó de sexe poden explicar-se per la desigual situación d'homes i dones en l’esfera laboral; unes desigualtats a les quals donen suport discursos diferenciats que, a la vegada, determinen unes pràctiques socials que ens permeten distingir (e...

Distress do paciente oncológico: prevalência e fatores associados na opinião de familiares

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Karla Alexsandra de Albuquerque

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo verificou a prevalência e fatores associados ao distress de pacientes oncológicos, na opinião de familiares. Foram entrevistados 140 familiares responsáveis pelo cuidado de pacientes com câncer. O Termômetro de Distress foi adaptado para uso em familiares. Estes consideraram que 72,9% dos pacientes estavam com distress relacionado a preocupações (80,4%, nervosismo (78,4%, tristeza (74,5%, dor (67,6%, fadiga (67,6% e problemas com alimentação (57,8%. Modelos de regressão logística hierárquica mostraram que, enquanto familiares do sexo masculino (OR=0,025 e idades mais avançadas (OR=0,006 a 0,059 tiveram menor risco de perceber o distress, indivíduos protestantes, comparados a católicos, tiveram chance 12,77 vezes maior de percebê-lo. Quanto aos fatores associados, nervosismo (OR=10,8 contribuiu significativamente mais com a percepção de distress pelos familiares quando comparado a fadiga (OR=3,38 ou ter plano de saúde privado (OR=2,55. Familiares podem ser grandes aliados na avaliação e acompanhamento do distress de pacientes com câncer.

Análise de um caso de extinção do poder familiar

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Paula Inez Cunha Gomide

Full Text Available Este estudo procurou demonstrar os caminhos percorridos pelos pesquisadores para constituírem um processo de destituição do poder familiar a partir da análise cuidadosa da documentação de uma criança, abrigada por maus tratos, há três anos sem a visita dos pais. Foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com seus familiares para que um pleno convencimento sobre os devidos encaminhamentos fossem tomados. Ao final do estudo, o processo foi instaurado a pedido do próprio pai da criança que instituiu, inclusive, advogada para dar andamento ao caso. O poder familiar foi cassado e a criança colocada para adoção.

Prevalência de Transtornos Mentais e Percepção de Suporte Familiar em Policiais Civis

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Maria Cristina d'Avila de Castro

Full Text Available Este estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo, verificou a prevalência de Transtorno Mental e Comportamental (TMC e percepção do suporte familiar em Policiais Civis de Santa Catarina, afastados do trabalho pela Perícia Médica do Estado, no período entre 2009 e 2010. Utilizaram-se na coleta de dados: a planilha de dados de prevalência de TMC da Secretaria de Estado da Administração/SC; b inventário de percepção de suporte familiar; c investigação das dimensões desse suporte e do processo de adoecimento relacionado ao trabalho, na perspectiva do policial e do familiar. Os dados de prevalência referem-se aos afastamentos por TMC (n = 148 no período mencionado e os de suporte familiar, aos policiais (n = 19 e familiares (n = 13 participantes da entrevista. Detectou-se que, para cada 100 policiais, 4,6 foram afastados por TMC. A percepção do suporte familiar por parte dos policiais indicou ser ele um recurso importante durante o período de afastamento do trabalho, na recuperação e no retorno à atividade, corroborando a existência de uma associação inversa entre nível de apoio social e sofrimento psíquico. Conclui-se que o incentivo à valorização do suporte familiar e o estímulo às relações interpessoais na família, no trabalho e nas relações sociais ampliadas, tornam-se ferramentas importantes para a percepção de bem-estar e se relacionam com o aumento da satisfação de vida, da autoestima e, por consequência, contribuem para o controle dos sintomas.

Social familiarity reduces reaction times and enhances survival of group-living predatory mites under the risk of predation.

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Markus Andreas Strodl

Full Text Available Social familiarity, which is based on the ability to recognise familiar conspecific individuals following prior association, may affect all major life activities of group-living animals such as foraging, reproduction and anti-predator behaviours. A scarcely experimentally tested explanation why social familiarity is beneficial for group-living animals is provided by limited attention theory. Limited attention theory postulates that focusing on a given task, such as inspection and assessment of unfamiliar group members, has cognitive and associated physiological and behavioural costs with respect to the attention paid to other tasks, such as anti-predator vigilance and response. Accordingly, we hypothesised that social familiarity enhances the anti-predator success of group-living predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, confronted with an intraguild predator, the predatory mite Amblyseius andersoni.We videotaped and analysed the response of two P. persimilis larvae, held in familiar or unfamiliar pairs, to attacks by a gravid A. andersoni female, using the behavioural analyses software EthoVision Pro®. Familiar larvae were more frequently close together, reacted more quickly to predator attacks, survived more predator encounters and survived longer than unfamiliar larvae.In line with the predictions of limited attention theory, we suggest that social familiarity improves anti-predator behaviours because it allows prey to shift attention to other tasks rather than group member assessment.

Social Familiarity Reduces Reaction Times and Enhances Survival of Group-Living Predatory Mites under the Risk of Predation

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Strodl, Markus Andreas; Schausberger, Peter

2012-01-01

Background Social familiarity, which is based on the ability to recognise familiar conspecific individuals following prior association, may affect all major life activities of group-living animals such as foraging, reproduction and anti-predator behaviours. A scarcely experimentally tested explanation why social familiarity is beneficial for group-living animals is provided by limited attention theory. Limited attention theory postulates that focusing on a given task, such as inspection and assessment of unfamiliar group members, has cognitive and associated physiological and behavioural costs with respect to the attention paid to other tasks, such as anti-predator vigilance and response. Accordingly, we hypothesised that social familiarity enhances the anti-predator success of group-living predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, confronted with an intraguild predator, the predatory mite Amblyseius andersoni. Methodology/Principal Findings We videotaped and analysed the response of two P. persimilis larvae, held in familiar or unfamiliar pairs, to attacks by a gravid A. andersoni female, using the behavioural analyses software EthoVision Pro®. Familiar larvae were more frequently close together, reacted more quickly to predator attacks, survived more predator encounters and survived longer than unfamiliar larvae. Significance In line with the predictions of limited attention theory, we suggest that social familiarity improves anti-predator behaviours because it allows prey to shift attention to other tasks rather than group member assessment. PMID:22927997

Familiarity increases the number of remembered Pokémon in visual short-term memory.

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Xie, Weizhen; Zhang, Weiwei

2017-05-01

Long-term memory (LTM) can influence many aspects of short-term memory (STM), including increased STM span. However, it is unclear whether LTM enhances the quantitative or qualitative aspect of STM. That is, do we retain a larger number of representations or more precise representations in STM for familiar stimuli than unfamiliar stimuli? This study took advantage of participants' prior rich multimedia experience with Pokémon, without investing on laboratory training to examine how prior LTM influenced visual STM. In a Pokémon visual STM change detection task, participants remembered more first-generation Pokémon characters that they were more familiar with than recent-generation Pokémon characters that they were less familiar with. No significant difference in memory quality was found when quantitative and qualitative effects of LTM were isolated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Critically, these effects were absent in participants who were unfamiliar with first-generation Pokémon. Furthermore, several alternative interpretations were ruled out, including general video-gaming experience, subjective Pokémon preference, and verbal encoding. Together, these results demonstrated a strong link between prior stimulus familiarity in LTM and visual STM storage capacity.

Tolerance for distorted faces: challenges to a configural processing account of familiar face recognition.

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Sandford, Adam; Burton, A Mike

2014-09-01

Face recognition is widely held to rely on 'configural processing', an analysis of spatial relations between facial features. We present three experiments in which viewers were shown distorted faces, and asked to resize these to their correct shape. Based on configural theories appealing to metric distances between features, we reason that this should be an easier task for familiar than unfamiliar faces (whose subtle arrangements of features are unknown). In fact, participants were inaccurate at this task, making between 8% and 13% errors across experiments. Importantly, we observed no advantage for familiar faces: in one experiment participants were more accurate with unfamiliars, and in two experiments there was no difference. These findings were not due to general task difficulty - participants were able to resize blocks of colour to target shapes (squares) more accurately. We also found an advantage of familiarity for resizing other stimuli (brand logos). If configural processing does underlie face recognition, these results place constraints on the definition of 'configural'. Alternatively, familiar face recognition might rely on more complex criteria - based on tolerance to within-person variation rather than highly specific measurement. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Escala de emoções vivenciadas em ambiente familiar - BEAF

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Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Aiming to help professionals and researchers to investigate emotions in a familiar environment, this study observed indices of factorial validity and internal consistency of the Familiar Affective Well-Being Scale (by adapting items from the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale. To this end, the sample included 302 college students, mean age 23 years and 59.6% female. Using a principal components analysis (Varimax rotation, it was showed two factors, Family Negative and Family Positive, which showed acceptable Cronbach's alphas to psychometric standards. Factors correlated in the expected direction to acceptance, identification and importance attributed to family by individual, but did not show significant differences according to gender or age. It is, therefore, that BEAF is presented as an appropriate scale to measure the emotional context of family environment.

Escala de emoções vivenciadas em ambiente familiar - BEAF

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Aiming to help professionals and researchers to investigate emotions in a familiar environment, this study observed indices of factorial validity and internal consistency of the Familiar Affective Well-Being Scale (by adapting items from the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale. To this end, the sample included 302 college students, mean age 23 years and 59.6% female. Using a principal components analysis (Varimax rotation, it was showed two factors, Family Negative and Family Positive, which showed acceptable Cronbach's alphas to psychometric standards. Factors correlated in the expected direction to acceptance, identification and importance attributed to family by individual, but did not show significant differences according to gender or age. It is, therefore, that BEAF is presented as an appropriate scale to measure the emotional context of family environment.

Future Time Perspective in Occupational Teams: Do Older Workers Prefer More Familiar Teams?

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Laura U. A. Gärtner

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Working in teams is quite popular across different industries and cultures. While some of these teams exist for longer time periods, other teams collaborate only for short periods and members switch into new teams after goals are accomplished. However, workers’ preferences for joining a new team might vary in different ways. Based on Carstensen’s socioemotional selectivity theory, we predict that emotionally meaningful teams are prioritized when occupational future time perspective (OFTP is perceived as limited. Building and expanding on studies outside of the work context, we expected that older as compared to younger workers prefer more familiar teams, and that this effect is mediated by workers’ OFTP. Moreover, we assumed that experimentally manipulated OFTP can change such team preferences. The hypotheses were tested in an online scenario study using three experimental conditions (within-person design. Four hundred and fifty-four workers (57% female, age M = 45.98, SD = 11.46 were asked to choose between a familiar and a new team in three consecutive trials: under an unspecified OFTP (baseline, under an expanded OFTP (amendment of retirement age, and under a restricted OFTP (insolvency of the current company. Whereas the baseline condition was always first, the order of the second and third conditions was randomized among participants. In the baseline condition, results showed the expected mediation effect of workers’ OFTP on the relation between workers’ age and preference for a familiar over a new team. Higher age was associated with more limited OFTP, which in turn was associated with higher preference for a familiar over a new team. Moreover, experimentally restricting OFTP increased preference for a familiar team over a new team regardless of workers’ age, providing further evidence for the assumed causal processes and showing interesting avenues for practical interventions in occupational teams.

Future Time Perspective in Occupational Teams: Do Older Workers Prefer More Familiar Teams?

Science.gov (United States)

Gärtner, Laura U. A.; Hertel, Guido

2017-01-01

Working in teams is quite popular across different industries and cultures. While some of these teams exist for longer time periods, other teams collaborate only for short periods and members switch into new teams after goals are accomplished. However, workers’ preferences for joining a new team might vary in different ways. Based on Carstensen’s socioemotional selectivity theory, we predict that emotionally meaningful teams are prioritized when occupational future time perspective (OFTP) is perceived as limited. Building and expanding on studies outside of the work context, we expected that older as compared to younger workers prefer more familiar teams, and that this effect is mediated by workers’ OFTP. Moreover, we assumed that experimentally manipulated OFTP can change such team preferences. The hypotheses were tested in an online scenario study using three experimental conditions (within-person design). Four hundred and fifty-four workers (57% female, age M = 45.98, SD = 11.46) were asked to choose between a familiar and a new team in three consecutive trials: under an unspecified OFTP (baseline), under an expanded OFTP (amendment of retirement age), and under a restricted OFTP (insolvency of the current company). Whereas the baseline condition was always first, the order of the second and third conditions was randomized among participants. In the baseline condition, results showed the expected mediation effect of workers’ OFTP on the relation between workers’ age and preference for a familiar over a new team. Higher age was associated with more limited OFTP, which in turn was associated with higher preference for a familiar over a new team. Moreover, experimentally restricting OFTP increased preference for a familiar team over a new team regardless of workers’ age, providing further evidence for the assumed causal processes and showing interesting avenues for practical interventions in occupational teams. PMID:29018376

Future Time Perspective in Occupational Teams: Do Older Workers Prefer More Familiar Teams?

Science.gov (United States)

Gärtner, Laura U A; Hertel, Guido

2017-01-01

Working in teams is quite popular across different industries and cultures. While some of these teams exist for longer time periods, other teams collaborate only for short periods and members switch into new teams after goals are accomplished. However, workers' preferences for joining a new team might vary in different ways. Based on Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory, we predict that emotionally meaningful teams are prioritized when occupational future time perspective (OFTP) is perceived as limited. Building and expanding on studies outside of the work context, we expected that older as compared to younger workers prefer more familiar teams, and that this effect is mediated by workers' OFTP. Moreover, we assumed that experimentally manipulated OFTP can change such team preferences. The hypotheses were tested in an online scenario study using three experimental conditions (within-person design). Four hundred and fifty-four workers (57% female, age M = 45.98, SD = 11.46) were asked to choose between a familiar and a new team in three consecutive trials: under an unspecified OFTP (baseline), under an expanded OFTP (amendment of retirement age), and under a restricted OFTP (insolvency of the current company). Whereas the baseline condition was always first, the order of the second and third conditions was randomized among participants. In the baseline condition, results showed the expected mediation effect of workers' OFTP on the relation between workers' age and preference for a familiar over a new team. Higher age was associated with more limited OFTP, which in turn was associated with higher preference for a familiar over a new team. Moreover, experimentally restricting OFTP increased preference for a familiar team over a new team regardless of workers' age, providing further evidence for the assumed causal processes and showing interesting avenues for practical interventions in occupational teams.

Differential effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on recollection and familiarity-based recognition memory.

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McCullough, Andrew M; Ritchey, Maureen; Ranganath, Charan; Yonelinas, Andrew

2015-09-01

Stress-induced changes in cortisol can impact memory in various ways. However, the precise relationship between cortisol and recognition memory is still poorly understood. For instance, there is reason to believe that stress could differentially affect recollection-based memory, which depends on the hippocampus, and familiarity-based recognition, which can be supported by neocortical areas alone. Accordingly, in the current study we examined the effects of stress-related changes in cortisol on the processes underlying recognition memory. Stress was induced with a cold-pressor test after incidental encoding of emotional and neutral pictures, and recollection and familiarity-based recognition memory were measured one day later. The relationship between stress-induced cortisol responses and recollection was non-monotonic, such that subjects with moderate stress-related increases in cortisol had the highest levels of recollection. In contrast, stress-related cortisol responses were linearly related to increases in familiarity. In addition, measures of cortisol taken at the onset of the experiment showed that individuals with higher levels of pre-learning cortisol had lower levels of both recollection and familiarity. The results are consistent with the proposition that hippocampal-dependent memory processes such as recollection function optimally under moderate levels of stress, whereas more cortically-based processes such as familiarity are enhanced even with higher levels of stress. These results indicate that whether post-encoding stress improves or disrupts recognition memory depends on the specific memory process examined as well as the magnitude of the stress-induced cortisol response. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effects of Topic Familiarity, Author Expertise, and Content Relevance on Norwegian Students' Document Selection: A Mixed Methods Study

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McCrudden, Matthew T.; Stenseth, Tonje; Bråten, Ivar; Strømsø, Helge I.

2016-01-01

This mixed methods study investigated the extent to which author expertise and content relevance were salient to secondary Norwegian students (N = 153) when they selected documents that pertained to more familiar and less familiar topics. Quantitative results indicated that author expertise was more salient for the less familiar topic (nuclear…

The Effects of Spatial Contextual Familiarity on Remembered Scenes, Episodic Memories, and Imagined Future Events

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Robin, Jessica; Moscovitch, Morris

2014-01-01

Several recent studies have explored the effect of contextual familiarity on remembered and imagined events. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of this effect by comparing the effect of cuing spatial memories, episodic memories, and imagined future events with spatial contextual cues of varying levels of familiarity. We used…

Cross-cultural variation of memory colors of familiar objects.

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Smet, Kevin A G; Lin, Yandan; Nagy, Balázs V; Németh, Zoltan; Duque-Chica, Gloria L; Quintero, Jesús M; Chen, Hung-Shing; Luo, Ronnier M; Safi, Mahdi; Hanselaer, Peter

2014-12-29

The effect of cross-regional or cross-cultural differences on color appearance ratings and memory colors of familiar objects was investigated in seven different countries/regions - Belgium, Hungary, Brazil, Colombia, Taiwan, China and Iran. In each region the familiar objects were presented on a calibrated monitor in over 100 different colors to a test panel of observers that were asked to rate the similarity of the presented object color with respect to what they thought the object looks like in reality (memory color). For each object and region the mean observer ratings were modeled by a bivariate Gaussian function. A statistical analysis showed significant (p culture was found to be small. In fact, the differences between the region average observers and the global average observer were found to of the same magnitude or smaller than the typical within region inter-observer variability. Thus, although statistical differences in color appearance ratings and memory between regions were found, regional impact is not likely to be of practical importance.

General object recognition is specific: Evidence from novel and familiar objects.

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Richler, Jennifer J; Wilmer, Jeremy B; Gauthier, Isabel

2017-09-01

In tests of object recognition, individual differences typically correlate modestly but nontrivially across familiar categories (e.g. cars, faces, shoes, birds, mushrooms). In theory, these correlations could reflect either global, non-specific mechanisms, such as general intelligence (IQ), or more specific mechanisms. Here, we introduce two separate methods for effectively capturing category-general performance variation, one that uses novel objects and one that uses familiar objects. In each case, we show that category-general performance variance is unrelated to IQ, thereby implicating more specific mechanisms. The first approach examines three newly developed novel object memory tests (NOMTs). We predicted that NOMTs would exhibit more shared, category-general variance than familiar object memory tests (FOMTs) because novel objects, unlike familiar objects, lack category-specific environmental influences (e.g. exposure to car magazines or botany classes). This prediction held, and remarkably, virtually none of the substantial shared variance among NOMTs was explained by IQ. Also, while NOMTs correlated nontrivially with two FOMTs (faces, cars), these correlations were smaller than among NOMTs and no larger than between the face and car tests themselves, suggesting that the category-general variance captured by NOMTs is specific not only relative to IQ, but also, to some degree, relative to both face and car recognition. The second approach averaged performance across multiple FOMTs, which we predicted would increase category-general variance by averaging out category-specific factors. This prediction held, and as with NOMTs, virtually none of the shared variance among FOMTs was explained by IQ. Overall, these results support the existence of object recognition mechanisms that, though category-general, are specific relative to IQ and substantially separable from face and car recognition. They also add sensitive, well-normed NOMTs to the tools available to study

Familiar trajectories facilitate the interpretation of physical forces when intercepting a moving target.

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Mijatović, Antonija; La Scaleia, Barbara; Mercuri, Nicola; Lacquaniti, Francesco; Zago, Myrka

2014-12-01

Familiarity with the visual environment affects our expectations about the objects in a scene, aiding in recognition and interaction. Here we tested whether the familiarity with the specific trajectory followed by a moving target facilitates the interpretation of the effects of underlying physical forces. Participants intercepted a target sliding down either an inclined plane or a tautochrone. Gravity accelerated the target by the same amount in both cases, but the inclined plane represented a familiar trajectory whereas the tautochrone was unfamiliar to the participants. In separate sessions, the gravity field was consistent with either natural gravity or artificial reversed gravity. Target motion was occluded from view over the last segment. We found that the responses in the session with unnatural forces were systematically delayed relative to those with natural forces, but only for the inclined plane. The time shift is consistent with a bias for natural gravity, in so far as it reflects an a priori expectation that a target not affected by natural forces will arrive later than one accelerated downwards by gravity. Instead, we did not find any significant time shift with unnatural forces in the case of the tautochrone. We argue that interception of a moving target relies on the integration of the high-level cue of trajectory familiarity with low-level cues related to target kinematics.

Habilidad de cuidado de cuidadores familiares de niños y adultos con enfermedad crónica

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Gloria Mabel Carrillo González

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir y comparar la habilidad de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares de niños con enfermedad crónica con la de cuidadores familiares de adultos con enfermedad crónica. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio, comparativo, con 212 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica no trasmisible (ECNT, quienes una vez caracterizados respondieron el inventario de habilidad de cuidado (CAI adaptado para ser aplicado en el cuidador familiar de personas con ECNT. Resultados: Los cuidadores familiares de niños y adultos con ECNT tienen similitudes en el género, ocupación y el ser cuidadores únicos. Los cuidadores de adultos con ECNT tienen una habilidad de cuidado total y en las dimensiones conocimiento y valor significativamente superior a la de los cuidadores de niños con ECNT; estos últimos tienen mayor habilidad en la dimensión paciencia. Conclusión: Se requiere consolidar propuestas para fortalecer la habilidad de cuidado de cuidadores teniendo en cuenta la edad del receptor del cuidado.

Pronóstico 2012 de las remesas familiares en México

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Plinio Hernández Barriga

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento de las remesas familiares en México desde una perspectiva estadística. El estudio identifica tendencias y movimientos estacionales que permiten la modelización estadística y el pronóstico empleando la metodología de series de tiempo de Box-Jenkins. Los resultados indican que es factible suponer que las remesas familiares pueden revertir su tendencia en el 2012 respecto de los años previos. No obstante, la posibilidad de una recesión en los Estados Unidos podría ajustar a la baja el pronóstico calculado, lo que confirmaría el comportamiento pro cíclico de las remesas.

Estado actual de la investigación sobre la gestión del conocimiento en empresas familiares

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Ketty Navarro de Granadillo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se expone el resultado de un trabajo de carácter exploratorio con dos objetivos: examinar el estado actual de la investigación sobre gestión del conocimiento en empresas familiares, con especial énfasis en aquellas experiencias relacionadas con la gestión del conocimiento y actualizar la clasificación de los estudios de empresas familiares propuesta por Sharma (2004. Representa la etapa inicial de una investigación mayor que tiene el propósito de estudiar a las empresas familiares españolas desde el enfoque de la gestión del conocimiento. Para los efectos se tomó como referencia el modelo de Sharma (2004 para la clasificación de los estudios sobre empresas familiares. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones académicas registradas en las diversas bases de datosmultidisciplinarias y sobre negocios, disponibles desde la biblioteca de la Universidad Castilla la Mancha (UCLM España, en el área de empresa familiar. Los resultados encontrados, indican que a partir del año 2000 se incrementa considerablemente el número de publicaciones sobre las empresas familiares, no obstante, se observa la inexistencia de estudios sobre gestión del conocimiento en este tipo de empresa.

Quem irá empurrar minha cadeira de rodas? A escolha do cuidador familiar do idoso

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Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini

2006-12-01

Full Text Available As relações afetivas e pessoais ao longo da vida podem determinar as relações familiares no processo do envelhecer humano. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a funcionalidade familiar de idosos pertencentes a um movimento de alfabetização de adultos e identificar quem escolheriam para cuidar deles na velhice. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, baseado nos pressupostos do método quantitativo e qualitativo de investigação. Para a avaliação da funcionalidade familiar utilizou-se o Apgar de Família proposto por SMILKSTEIN (1978 e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente segundo medidas de freqüência. Foram avaliados 93 idosos. Para a compreensão da escolha do cuidador foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com 9 idosos, sendo três de cada categoria do Apgar. As entrevistas foram analisadas, segundo o Modelo de Análise de Conteúdo, categoria Análise Temática proposta por BARDIN (1977.Todos os cuidados éticos que regem pesquisas com seres humanos foram respeitados. Os resultados do Apgar de família mostram que 81 idosos apresentaram boa funcionalidade familiar, 8 moderada disfunção e 4 elevada disfunção familiar. Os resultados das entrevistas mostram que, nas três categorias do Apgar, a escolha do cuidador foi a mesma no que diz respeito ao gênero (mulher, ao grau de parentesco (filha, à composição familiar (multigeracional, à história de vida e ao relacionamento. “Quem irá empurrar minha cadeira de rodas” é uma escolha determinada por valores sociais e culturais e pela história de vida de cada um. É multideterminada, multivariada e se processa ao longo da vida.

Familiar Sports and Activities Adapted for Multiply Impaired Persons.

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Schilling, Mary Lou, Ed.

1984-01-01

Means of adapting some familiar and popular physical activities for multiply impaired persons are described. Games reviewed are dice baseball, one base baseball, in-house bowling, wheelchair bowling, ramp bowling, swing-ball bowling, table tennis, shuffleboard, beanbag bingo and tic-tac-toe, balloon basketball, circle football, and wheelchair…

Los Alamos County Fire Department LAFD: TA-55 PF-4 Facility Familiarization Tour, OJT 55260

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rutherford, Victor Stephen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-07-13

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) will conduct familiarization tours for Los Alamos County Fire Department (LAFD) personnel at the Plutonium Facility (PF-4) at Technical Area (TA)-55. These familiarization tours are official LANL business; the purpose of these tours is to orient the firefighters to the facility so that they can respond efficiently and quickly to a variety of emergency situations. This orientation includes the ingress and egress of the area and buildings, layout and organization of the facility, evacuation procedures and assembly points, and areas of concern within the various buildings at the facility. LAFD firefighters have the skills and abilities to perform firefighting operations and other emergency response tasks that cannot be provided by other LANL personnel who have the required clearance level. This handout provides details of the information, along with maps and diagrams, to be presented during the familiarization tours. The handout will be distributed to the trainees at the time of the tour. A corresponding checklist will also be used as guidance during the familiarization tours to ensure that all required information is presented to LAFD personnel.

Active sleep is associated with the face preference in the newborns who familiarized with a responsive face.

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Cecchini, Marco; Iannoni, Maria Elena; Aceto, Paola; Baroni, Eleonora; Di Vito, Cinzia; Lai, Carlo

2017-11-01

Aim of this study was to investigate the preferential looking behaviour, subsequent to a familiarization task (8-min) with a previously responsive or motionless face, before and after a sleep cycle. Moreover, the role of the active sleep in memory consolidation of the responsive or motionless faces was explored. Hypotheses were that the newborns undergoing a motionless familiarization will exhibit a novelty effect (preference for the novel face) whereas the newborns undergoing a responsive familiarization will show a familiarity effect (preference for the known face) before and after the sleep cycle; moreover, the amount of active sleep will be associated with the looking time at the known face after a sleep cycle. Forty-five healthy full-term newborns were randomly assigned to two groups (group 1: motionless-familiarization and group 2: responsive-familiarization); in both groups newborns were video-recorded during four post-familiarization face-preference tasks, two of them performed before and two after a sleep cycle. During the pre-sleep-trials, there was not a significant preference for one face in both groups. During the post-sleep trials, the newborns showed a clear preference for the novel face. This effect was more evident in group 1. Only in group 2 there was a significant positive correlation between the active sleep duration and the looking duration at the known-face during the post-sleep trials (r=0.41; p=0.040). Multiple regression confirmed that only in the group 2 the total duration of the active sleep was associated with the looking duration at the known-face during the post-sleep trials (Adjusted R 2 =0.13; β=0.41; t=2.2; p=0.040). Findings showed that in newborns the face representation can be recalled after a sleep cycle. Moreover, the amount of the active sleep predicted the post-sleep looking toward the known-face only in the newborns who interactively familiarized with the face. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Children’s identification of familiar songs from pitch and timing cues

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Anna eVolkova

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The goal of the present study was to ascertain whether children with normal hearing and prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants could use pitch or timing cues alone or in combination to identify familiar songs. Children 4-7 years of age were required to identify the theme songs of familiar TV shows in a simple task with excerpts that preserved (1 the relative pitch and timing cues of the melody but not the original instrumentation, (2 the timing cues only (rhythm, meter, and tempo, and (3 the relative pitch cues only (pitch contour and intervals. Children with normal hearing performed at high levels and comparably across the three conditions. The performance of child implant users was well above chance levels when both pitch and timing cues were available, marginally above chance with timing cues only, and at chance with pitch cues only. This is the first demonstration that children can identify familiar songs from monotonic versions—timing cues but no pitch cues—and from isochronous versions—pitch cues but no timing cues. The study also indicates that, in the context of a very simple task, young implant users readily identify songs from melodic versions that preserve pitch and timing cues.

TIPIFICAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO MUNICIPIO DE ICAPUÍ-CE

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Frederico Silva Thé Pontes

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This work makes a approach of the familiar agriculture of the Assentamento Redonda in the City of Icapuí in the State of the Ceará, objectifying tytisy to identify, to classify the familiar agriculturists having for base the survival strategies put in practical for these actors in the process of local development. The methodology adopted in the work searched to make possible adequate knowledge of the agricultural activity and the agricultural agriculturist, through the analysis of economic performance and parameters that they make possible to measure the stimulus to the investment in the production, as well as the degrees of integration to the market and specialization of the production. In accordance with the gotten results, in the studied locality, the properties are considered integrated to the market and possess greater specialization in the cattle production and of cashew chestnut. Between the studied producers, it has low stimulus to invest in the farming production; this if must to the fact from that the majority of the income of the seated ones is proceeding from other sources as: retirements, pensions, stock market family (bolsa família, wages and others, what it becomes the agricultural activity relatively less attractive. Words Key: Tipificação, Familiar Agriculture, System of Production, Icapuí-ce.

Impacto psicossocial da artrite idiopática juvenil no ambiente familiar

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Ana Flávia de Almeida Batista

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ é uma doença crônica, raramente fatal, que exige adaptações dos familiares na presença de um membro doente. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto dos pacientes com AIJ na vida familiar. Metodologia: Vinte e nove pacientes com AIJ e seus familiares foram estudados pela aplicação de questionários. Resultados: Dezenove pacientes eram mulheres e dez eram homens. A idade variou de 1 a 22 anos de idade. Trinta e um por cento dos casos tinham inicio de AIJ sistêmico; 20,6%, de AIJ oligoarticular;20,6% de AIJ poliarticular fator reumatóide negativo; 20,6% de AIJ poliarticular fator reumatóide positivo e 6,9% artrite relacionada à entesite. Foram observados problemas financeiros para cobrir gastos médicos. Em um terço dos casos, ocorreu perdas de horas de trabalho ou desemprego devido à doença da criança. Aproximadamente metade das famílias havia diminuído suas atividades de lazer. Conclusão: A AIJ é um importante impedimento para a vida normal do paciente afetado, causando distúrbios na família.

Dissociable parietal regions facilitate successful retrieval of recently learned and personally familiar information.

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Elman, Jeremy A; Cohn-Sheehy, Brendan I; Shimamura, Arthur P

2013-03-01

In fMRI analyses, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is particularly active during the successful retrieval of episodic memory. To delineate the neural correlates of episodic retrieval more succinctly, we compared retrieval of recently learned spatial locations (photographs of buildings) with retrieval of previously familiar locations (photographs of familiar campus buildings). Episodic retrieval of recently learned locations activated a circumscribed region within the ventral PPC (anterior angular gyrus and adjacent regions in the supramarginal gyrus) as well as medial PPC regions (posterior cingulated gyrus and posterior precuneus). Retrieval of familiar locations activated more posterior regions in the ventral PPC (posterior angular gyrus, LOC) and more anterior regions in the medial PPC (anterior precuneus and retrosplenial cortex). These dissociable effects define more precisely PPC regions involved in the retrieval of recent, contextually bound information as opposed to regions involved in other processes, such as visual imagery, scene reconstruction, and self-referential processing. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ERP evidence for flexible adjustment of retrieval orientation and its influence on familiarity.

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Ecker, Ullrich K H; Zimmer, Hubert D

2009-10-01

The assumption was tested that familiarity memory as indexed by a mid-frontal ERP old-new effect is modulated by retrieval orientation. A randomly cued category-based versus exemplar-specific recognition memory test, requiring flexible adjustment of retrieval orientation, was conducted. Results show that the mid-frontal ERP old-new effect is sensitive to the manipulation of study-test congruency-that is, whether the same object is repeated identically or a different category exemplar is presented at test. Importantly, the effect pattern depends on subjects' retrieval orientation. With a specific orientation, only same items elicited an early old-new effect (same > different = new), whereas in the general condition, the old-new effect was graded (same > different > new). This supports the view that both perceptual and conceptual processes can contribute to familiarity memory and demonstrates that the rather automatic process of familiarity is not only data driven but influenced by top-down retrieval orientation, which subjects are able to adjust on a flexible basis.

Long-term memory traces for familiar spoken words in tonal languages as revealed by the Mismatch Negativity

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Naiphinich Kotchabhakdi

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Mismatch negativity (MMN, a primary response to an acoustic change and an index of sensory memory, was used to investigate the processing of the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar Consonant-Vowel (CV speech contrasts. The MMN was elicited by rare familiar words presented among repetitive unfamiliar words. Phonetic and phonological contrasts were identical in all conditions. MMN elicited by the familiar word deviant was larger than that elicited by the unfamiliar word deviant. The presence of syllable contrast did significantly alter the word-elicited MMN in amplitude and scalp voltage field distribution. Thus, our results indicate the existence of word-related MMN enhancement largely independent of the word status of the standard stimulus. This enhancement may reflect the presence of a longterm memory trace for familiar spoken words in tonal languages.

The effect of a fictitious peer on young children's choice of familiar v. unfamiliar low- and high-energy-dense foods.

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Bevelander, Kirsten E; Anschütz, Doeschka J; Engels, Rutger C M E

2012-09-28

The present experimental study was the first to investigate the impact of a remote (non-existent) peer on children's food choice of familiar v. unfamiliar low- and high-energy-dense food products. In a computer task, children (n 316; 50·3 % boys; mean age 7·13 (SD 0·75) years) were asked to choose between pictures of familiar and unfamiliar foods in four different choice blocks using the following pairs: (1) familiar v. unfamiliar low-energy-dense foods (fruits and vegetables), (2) familiar v. unfamiliar high-energy-dense foods (high sugar, salt and/or fat content), (3) familiar low-energy-dense v. unfamiliar high-energy-dense foods and (4) unfamiliar low-energy-dense v. familiar high-energy-dense foods. Participants who were not in the control group were exposed to the food choices (either always the familiar or always the unfamiliar food product) of a same-sex and same-age fictitious peer who was supposedly completing the same task at another school. The present study provided insights into children's choices between (un)familiar low- and high-energy-dense foods in an everyday situation. The findings revealed that the use of fictitious peers increased children's willingness to try unfamiliar foods, although children tended to choose high-energy-dense foods over low-energy-dense foods. Intervention programmes that use peer influence to focus on improving children's choice of healthy foods should take into account children's strong aversion to unfamiliar low-energy-dense foods as well as their general preference for familiar and unfamiliar high-energy-dense foods.

Soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer

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Henry Mauricio Puerto Pedraza

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El cáncer se reconoce como un problema universal que afecta a las personas de cualquier edad, género, cultura y situación económica, además impone fuertes cargas financieras y sociales para la persona enferma al igual que su familia. El objetivo fue determinar el Soporte social percibido en enfermedad crónica en los cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se entrevistaron 75 cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer a los cuales se les aplicó el instrumento "Soporte social percibido en enfermedad crónica". El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y estratificación de la escala Soporte social percibido. Resultados: Los cuidadores familiares son en mayoría mujeres de estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, de escolaridad primaria incompleta el (37,3%, en relación al estado civil se informó estar casados o en unión libre (66,7%, de ocupación hogar (50,7%, con una mediana de 18 horas de cuidado. Los cuidadores familiares presentan una percepción media del soporte social percibido de (36%. Las subescalas del instrumento reportan puntajes medios en la interacción personal (42,7%, guía (40%, retroalimentación (41,3% ayuda tangible (28%, interacción social (45,3%. Discusión: Se hace necesario abordar el soporte social desde una perspectiva holística donde las interrelaciones de salud física, emocional, funcionamiento familiar y social respondan a las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares. Conclusiones: El soporte social es conocido por ser la fuerza más grande y poderosa que facilita el éxito cuando una persona y su cuidador se ven amenazadas por el cáncer. Cómo citar este artículo: Puerto HM. Soporte social percibido en cuidadores familiares de personas en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(1:1407-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.345

Funcionamiento familiar y su relación con la exposición a la violencia en adolescentes mexicanos

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Julia Gallegos-Guajardo

Full Text Available Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la exposición a la violencia en adolescentes mexicanos. Se propuso un diseño transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 133 estudiantes de bachillerato con edades entre los 15 a 19 años de edad. Como instrumentos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: La Escala de Evaluación de la Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar (FACES IV-Esp de Rivero, Martínez-Pampliega y Olson (2010 y el Cuestionario de Exposición a la Violencia (CEV de Orue y Calvete (2010. Los resultados muestran diferencias de género en cuanto a la observación de la violencia en la calle y la victimización en la escuela y en la calle. Se muestran también diferencias de género en variables del funcionamiento familiar tales como: flexibilidad, cohesión, satisfacción y comunicación familiar. Los resultados del análisis de correlación sugieren que a mayor flexibilidad, cohesión, satisfacción y comunicación familiar menor observación de violencia en la escuela y en la casa, y menor victimización en casa. Se observó también una predicción significativa de la cohesión familiar sobre la victimización en casa. Finalmente, se concluye la importancia de fortalecer los vínculos familiares y de fomentar un funcionamiento familiar positivo y balanceado. Esto con el objetivo de que la familia ejerza un efecto protector ante la exposición a la violencia.

Toxicomania: complexo familiar e figura do pai

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Jean-Luc Gaspard

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O acompanhamento clínico em centro de atendimento de pais dea d o l e s c e n t e s o u d e j ov e n s a d u l t o s , em g r u p o d e f a l a o uindividualmente, permite que se evidenciem as carências natransmissão da função paterna encontradas na base da patologiado laço familiar. Assim, pode ter início um movimento deelaboração psíquica capaz de sustentar um trabalho de separaçãoreal e fantasmática. A partir do relato do atendimento de umamãe, este texto, valendo-se de uma referência precisa do ensino deLacan sobre a função das drogas, propõe uma reflexão sobre aposição subjetiva na toxicomania. Posição que o autor explicita comoa maneira pela qual cada sujeito se sustenta em sua relação aosaber e a suas determinações, o fato de chegar ou não a se inscreverno laço social e, também, o de consentir ou não à responsabilidadequanto a seu gozo.Palavras-chave: Toxicomania; Atendimento dos pais; Funçãopaterna; Complexo familiar.

Percepción del cuidado por parte del cuidador familiar

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Isabel Fernández Lao

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo principal: Determinar el significado del cuidado en el cuidador familiar. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico, descriptivo, con grupo focal, 14 cuidadoras pertenecientes a la Unidad de Gestión Clínica Almería Centro. Análisis de contenido, trascripción, segmentación, codificación y clasificación en categorías del texto. Resultados principales. Categorías: tareas, valores, reconocimiento (familiar, profesional, institucional, apoyo al cuidado, medidas de mejora. Conclusión principal: En el cuidado prima la obligación moral, especialmente en caso de la mujer, escasamente reconocido, especialmente por la persona cuidada, pese a medidas adoptadas las cuidadoras reclaman más información y captación activa por parte del personal de enfermería.

Participação dos agricultores familiares no programa PRONAF modalidade infra-estrutura

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Menezes, Sílvio Thadeu de

2001-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a participação dos agricultores familiares no processo decisório referente à aplicação de recursos do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf), na modalidade infra-estrutura, uma das principais fontes de financiamento da infra-estrutura municipal. Este estudo visa refletir també...

Negocios familiares e incidencias en la generación de nuevos emprendimientos en la ciudad de Milagro

OpenAIRE

Yadira Arteaga Estrella; Ligia Meibol Fajardo Vaca; Félix Villegas Yagual

2015-01-01

La microempresa familiar es una unidad económica de trabajo y gestión, que se forma por decisión familiar. En ella dos o más integrantes de la familia aportan diferentes recursos: fuerzas de trabajo, capacidades personales, conocimientos e informaciones sobre cómo hacer las cosas, medios materiales, local, equipamiento. En la ciudad de Milagro provincia del Guayas, Ecuador; se establecen micro negocios familiares donde se analizan varios factores que inciden en la generación de nuevos emprend...

O RELACIONAMENTO DO IDOSO COM OS SEUS FAMILIARES

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Alcinéa Eustáquia Costa

Full Text Available Estudo exploratório-descritivo com os objetivos de conhecer o relacionamento interpessoal entre o idoso e seus familiares e verificar a percepção deste sobre o processo de envelhecimento. Foram entrevistadas 20 pessoas (10 homens e 10 mulheres acima de 60 anos. Os resultados encontrados, provavelmente subsidiarão a assistência de enfermagem a pessoas nessa faixa etária.

Memorial familiarity remains intact for pictures but not for words in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Science.gov (United States)

Embree, Lindsay M; Budson, Andrew E; Ally, Brandon A

2012-07-01

Understanding how memory breaks down in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) process has significant implications, both clinically and with respect to intervention development. Previous work has highlighted a robust picture superiority effect in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, it remains unclear as to how pictures improve memory compared to words in this patient population. In the current study, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to obtain estimates of familiarity and recollection for pictures and words in patients with aMCI and healthy older controls. Analysis of accuracy shows that even when performance is matched between pictures and words in the healthy control group, patients with aMCI continue to show a significant picture superiority effect. The results of the ROC analysis showed that patients demonstrated significantly impaired recollection and familiarity for words compared controls. In contrast, patients with aMCI demonstrated impaired recollection, but intact familiarity for pictures, compared to controls. Based on previous work from our lab, we speculate that patients can utilize the rich conceptual information provided by pictures to enhance familiarity, and perceptual information may allow for post-retrieval monitoring or verification of the enhanced sense of familiarity. Alternatively, the combination of enhanced conceptual and perceptual fluency of the test item might drive a stronger or more robust sense of familiarity that can be accurately attributed to a studied item. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does familiarity breed contempt or liking? Comment on Reis, Maniaci, Caprariello, Eastwick, and Finkel

OpenAIRE

Norton, M.I.; Frost, J.H.; Ariely, D.

2011-01-01

Reis, Maniaci, Caprariello, Eastwick, and Finkel (2011) conducted 2 studies that demonstrate that in certain cases, familiarity can lead to liking-in seeming contrast to the results of our earlier article (Norton, Frost, & Ariely, 2007). We believe that Reis et al. (a) utilized paradigms far removed from spontaneous, everyday social interactions that were particularly likely to demonstrate a positive link between familiarity and liking and (b) failed to include and incorporate other sources o...

Recall versus familiarity when recall fails for words and scenes: the differential roles of the hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, and category-specific cortical regions.

Science.gov (United States)

Ryals, Anthony J; Cleary, Anne M; Seger, Carol A

2013-01-25

This fMRI study examined recall and familiarity for words and scenes using the novel recognition without cued recall (RWCR) paradigm. Subjects performed a cued recall task in which half of the test cues resembled studied items (and thus were familiar) and half did not. Subjects also judged the familiarity of the cue itself. RWCR is the finding that, among cues for which recall fails, subjects generally rate cues that resemble studied items as more familiar than cues that do not. For words, left and right hippocampal activity increased when recall succeeded relative to when it failed. When recall failed, right hippocampal activity was decreased for familiar relative to unfamiliar cues. In contrast, right Prc activity increased for familiar cues for which recall failed relative to both familiar cues for which recall succeeded and to unfamiliar cues. For scenes, left hippocampal activity increased when recall succeeded relative to when it failed but did not differentiate familiar from unfamiliar cues when recall failed. In contrast, right Prc activity increased for familiar relative to unfamiliar cues when recall failed. Category-specific cortical regions showed effects unique to their respective stimulus types: The visual word form area (VWFA) showed effects for recall vs. familiarity specific to words, and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) showed effects for recall vs. familiarity specific to scenes. In both cases, these effects were such that there was increased activity occurring during recall relative to when recall failed, and decreased activity occurring for familiar relative to unfamiliar cues when recall failed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recall versus familiarity when recall fails for words and scenes: The differential roles of the hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, and category-specific cortical regions☆

Science.gov (United States)

Ryals, Anthony J.; Cleary, Anne M.; Seger, Carol A.

2013-01-01

This fMRI study examined recall and familiarity for words and scenes using the novel recognition without cued recall (RWCR) paradigm. Subjects performed a cued recall task in which half of the test cues resembled studied items (and thus were familiar) and half did not. Subjects also judged the familiarity of the cue itself. RWCR is the finding that, among cues for which recall fails, subjects generally rate cues that resemble studied items as more familiar than cues that do not. For words, left and right hippocampal activity increased when recall succeeded relative to when it failed. When recall failed, right hippocampal activity was decreased for familiar relative to unfamiliar cues. In contrast, right Prc activity increased for familiar cues for which recall failed relative to both familiar cues for which recall succeeded and to unfamiliar cues. For scenes, left hippocampal activity increased when recall succeeded relative to when it failed but did not differentiate familiar from unfamiliar cues when recall failed. In contrast, right Prc activity increased for familiar relative to unfamiliar cues when recall failed. Category-specific cortical regions showed effects unique to their respective stimulus types: The visual word form area (VWFA) showed effects for recall vs. familiarity specific to words, and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) showed effects for recall vs. familiarity specific to scenes. In both cases, these effects were such that there was increased activity occurring during recall relative to when recall failed, and decreased activity occurring for familiar relative to unfamiliar cues when recall failed. PMID:23142268

INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTILO DE LIDERANÇA NA MOTIVAÇÃO E CONFLITOS INTERPESSOAIS EM EMPRESAS FAMILIARES

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Juliane Ruffatto

2017-04-01

Full Text Available As empresas familiares possuem grande representatividade no cenário econômico atual. Sua gestão, geralmente sob a responsabilidade de membros da família fundadora, possui uma complexidade maior, em razão da necessidade de separação entre as questões familiares e a estratégia do negócio. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a interferência do estilo de liderança em empresas familiares, evidenciando sua influência na motivação dos colaboradores e no surgimento de conflitos interpessoais na organização. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica quantitativa- descritiva, com aplicação de questionários a 156 colaboradores de 9 empresas familiares da região de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de regressão mostram que a motivação está significativamente relacionada com a liderança. Quanto aos conflitos intergrupais, embora ele esteja presente nas organizações familiares, este não está significativamente relacionado com a atuação do líder.

Funcionalidad familiar y ansiedad en pacientes adultos con enfermedad crónica

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Ma. del Refugio Zavala-Rodríguez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Describir el grado de relación entre la funcionalidad familiar y el nivel de ansiedad en pacientes adultos con enfermedad crónica de una institución de salud de segundo nivel. Metodología. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo, transversal, correlacional, se efectuó en una muestra de 97 pacientes y una misma cantidad de familiares; los primeros se seleccionaron mediante un análisis de potencia, cubriendo los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes adultos, orientados, de los servicios de hospitalización y consulta externa de una institución de segundo nivel de atención. Se utilizó una cédula sociodemográfica, la Escala de Efectividad en el Funcionamiento Familiar de Friedemann (E-EFF, y la escala de ansiedad-rasgo de Spielberger, estos últimos con una consistencia interna de ,83 y ,75 respectivamente, determinada por el alpha de Cronbach. Los datos se analizaron a través de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados. El grupo de edad que predominó en los familiares fue de 33 a 47 años, con una media de 45,73, y en los pacientes predominó el grupo de 60 a 70 años, con una media de 65,05; en ambos grupos se destacó el género femenino. El 56% de los pacientes presenta diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En cuanto a los índices, la ansiedad-rasgo obtuvo una media de 51 (DE 10,7, en la E-EFF fue de 84 (DE 11,5. Por tanto, se detectó nivel moderado de ansiedad en el 92% de los pacientes, y el 91% integra una familia funcional. La correlación de Spearman no arrojó una asociación significativa entre las dos variables del estudio (rho= -,094, p= ,362. Conclusión. Las cuatro subescalas de la E-EFF obtuvieron una media significativa, con valores que fluctúan entre 77,0 a 92,0. Este último valor equivale a la subescala de coherencia que, de acuerdo con Friedemann, guía a la unidad y pertenencia familiar, y permite vínculos emocionales positivos.

Repercusión familiar del comportamiento suicida Family repercussion of suicidal behavior

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Víctor T. Pérez Martínez

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en 34 familias en las que aconteció un comportamiento suicida durante los años 2001-2003. El sentido de la repercusión del comportamiento suicida resultó mayoritariamente desfavorable para la salud en el 82,4 % de los grupos familiares, con un predominio negativo en todas sus áreas. Las 2 familias donde aconteció un suicidio consumado, calificaron la Repercusión Familiar Global como severa, se precisó que con excepción del área socioeconómica que mostró una afectación moderada, las 3 áreas restantes tuvieron una afectación severa. En las 32 familias que sufrieron intento suicida, se confirmó un franco predominio de la elevada Repercusión Familiar Global en este hecho y las áreas que exhibieron mayor afectación fueron: la sociopsicológica, en un 62,5 %, seguida de la de funcionamiento familiar, en un 53,1 %. En general, el sentido de la repercusión del comportamiento suicida fue mayoritariamente desfavorable para la salud de los núcleos familiares con predominio negativo de todas sus áreas.A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 34 families in which a suicidal behavior was observed from 2001 to 2003. The sense of repercussion of the suicidal behavior was mostly unfavorable for health in 82.4 % of the family groups, with a negative predominance in all its areas. In the two families where suicide was committed, the Global Family Repercussion was considered as severe. It was determined that excepting the socioeconomic area that showed a moderate affectation, the other 3 areas had a severe affectation. In the 32 families where a suicide attempt ocurred, it was confirmed a clear prevalence of the elevated Global Family Repercussion in this event. The areas with the highest affectation were the sociopsychological, in 62.5 %, followed by family functioning, in 53.1 %. In general, the sense of the repercussion of the suicidal behavior was mostly unfavorable for the

A SECRETÁRIA EXECUTIVA NO PROCESSO DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NA EMPRESA FAMILIAR

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Elisandra C. Fonseca

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Empresas familiares têm enfrentado dificuldades quando se trata de sucessão familiar. Diante de tais dificuldades, sejam elas ocasionadas por questões sentimentais ou por conflitos de interesse, as empresas têm buscado ferramentas alternativas que buscam minimizar tais dificuldades, de forma a acomodar todos os interesses no processo. A Governança Corporativa tem se apresentado, então, como um eficiente meio nesse processo de conflito de gerações, além de fortalecer a empresa, reforçando suas competências e ampliando suas estratégias, contribuindo assim para resultados positivos e menos voláteis. O profissional de secretariado executivo pode exercer um importante papel no processo de implantação e manutenção da Governança Corporativa. Seu amplo conhecimento pode facilitar a perpetuação da Cultura Organizacional, atuando como facilitador, colaborador e mantenedor do bom ambiente familiar, da confiança e da boa comunicação entre conselheiros, família e funcionários. Este artigo busca mostrar, através de um estudo de caso, como o Grupo Maranhão enfrentou o processo de implantação da Governança Corporativa, a fim de profissionalizar o processo de sucessão familiar, e qual foi a importância da secretária executiva nesse processo.

Strengthening the working alliance through a clinician's familiarity with the 12-step approach.

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Dennis, Cory B; Roland, Brian D; Loneck, Barry M

2018-01-01

The working alliance plays an important role in the substance use disorder treatment process. Many substance use disorder treatment providers incorporate the 12-Step approach to recovery into treatment. With the 12-Step approach known among many clients and clinicians, it may well factor into the therapeutic relationship. We investigated how, from the perspective of clients, a clinician's level of familiarity with and in-session time spent on the 12-Step approach might affect the working alliance between clients and clinicians, including possible differences based on a clinician's recovery status. We conducted a secondary study using data from 180 clients and 31 clinicians. Approximately 81% of client participants were male, and approximately 65% of clinician participants were female. We analyzed data with Stata using a population-averaged model. From the perspective of clients with a substance use disorder, clinicians' familiarity with the 12-Step approach has a positive relationship with the working alliance. The client-estimated amount of in-session time spent on the 12-Step approach did not have a statistically significant effect on ratings of the working alliance. A clinician's recovery status did not moderate the relationship between 12-Step familiarity and the working alliance. These results suggest that clinicians can influence, in part, how their clients perceive the working alliance by being familiar with the 12-Step approach. This might be particularly salient for clinicians who provide substance use disorder treatment at agencies that incorporate, on some level, the 12-Step approach to recovery.

Children with Autism Show Altered Autonomic Adaptation to Novel and Familiar Social Partners.

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Neuhaus, Emily; Bernier, Raphael A; Beauchaine, Theodore P

2016-05-01

Social deficits are fundamental to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and a growing body of research implicates altered functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), including both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. However, few studies have explored both branches concurrently in ASD, particularly within the context of social interaction. The current study investigates patterns of change in indices of sympathetic (pre-ejection period; PEP) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) cardiac influence as boys (ages 8-11 years) with (N = 18) and without (N = 18) ASD engage in dyadic social interaction with novel and familiar social partners. Groups showed similar patterns of autonomic change during interaction with the novel partner, but differed in heart rate, PEP, and RSA reactivity while interacting with a familiar partner. Boys without ASD evinced decreasing sympathetic and increasing parasympathetic influence, whereas boys with ASD increased in sympathetic influence. Boys without ASD also demonstrated more consistent ANS responses across partners than those with ASD, with parasympathetic responding differentiating familiar and novel interaction partners. Finally, PEP slopes with a familiar partner correlated with boys' social skills. Implications include the importance of considering autonomic state during clinical assessment and treatment, and the potential value of regulation strategies as a complement to intervention programs aiming to support social cognition and behavior. Autism Res 2016, 9: 579-591. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Funcionamiento familiar de consumidores de sustancias adictivas con y sin conducta delictiva (

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Ana Olivia Ruíz Martínez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar el funcionamiento familiar de consumidores de sustancias adictivas que delinquen con respecto a consumidores que no delinquen y un grupo control que no es consumidor ni delinque. Se estudió una muestra de 150 jóvenes distribuidos en los tres grupos de comparación, quienes contestaron la Escala de Clima Social en la Familia (FES, obteniéndose diferencias significativas entre el grupo de consumidores que delinquen y el grupo control con respecto a la cohesión y el conflicto familiar. Asimismo, las actividades intelectuales-culturales aparecen relegadas en ambos grupos de consumidores en relación con el grupo control. Se sugiere indagar otros factores mediadores como autoestima, personalidad, abuso emocional familiar, violencia familiar y considerar los condicionantes socioculturales que rodean actualmente a los consumidores y sus familias. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to compare the family functioning of consumers of addictive substances that commit crimes with respect to consumers who do not commit crimes and a control group that is not a consumer or a delinquent. We studied a sample of 150 young people distributed in three comparison groups who answered the Family Environment Scale (FES resulting significant differences between the Group of consumers who commit crimes and the control group with regard to the cohesion and family conflict. Also, intellectual-cultural activities appear relegated in both groups of consumers relative to the control group. It is suggested to investigate other factors as personality, self-esteem, family violence, emotional abuse and consider the socio-cultural constraints that currently surround the consumers and their families.

Desplazamiento activo de los adolescentes al centro de estudios y funcionamiento familiar

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Eva Sanz Arazuri

2017-06-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio analiza el desplazamiento activo al centro de estudios del alumnado de secundaria postobligatoria y su posible relación con el funcionamiento interno familiar atendiendo de forma conjunta a dos constructos fundamentales: la cohesión y la flexibilidad entre padres e hijos. 1764 jóvenes (15 a 18 años, cumplimentan un cuestionario ad hoc y el FACES IV. Se detectan diferencias significativas a través del coeficiente V de Cramer y se efectúan Anova de un factor y análisis de contrastes, para una p < 0.05. Menos de la mitad de los adolescentes españoles (el 45.7% se desplazan activamente a su centro de estudios, siendo significativamente y ligeramente superior el porcentaje de hombres frente al de mujeres. El 91.2% de los estudiantes de secundaria posobligatoria en España perciben que el funcionamiento interno de su familia es sano. El 89.6% indican una buena cohesión entre los miembros de su familia y un 88.3% señalan que gozan de una flexibilidad familiar saludable. Los estudiantes que acuden al centro de estudios andando perciben un funcionamiento familiar menos sano que quienes se desplazan en cualquier medio de transporte motorizado. Se refuerza la necesidad de promocionar el transporte activo entre los escolares en general, y en estas edades en especial, a través de programas de intervención dirigidos a estudiantes y sus familiares, concienciando sobre los beneficios saludables del desplazamiento activo, tanto en su dimensión física como en la psicológica y social.

Gestión estratégica y competitiva de las empresas familiares turísticas mexicanas: un estudio empírico

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José Luis Esparza Aguilar

2009-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales diferencias de la gestión estratégica y competitiva de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MiPyME familiares y no familiares turísticas del estado de Quintana Roo (México. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, se utilizó una muestra de 138 MiPyMEs turísticas, distribuidas en 92 familiares y 46 no familiares. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas entre las empresas familiares y las no familiares, en cuanto a la orientación de la estrategia, el nivel tecnológico y la certificación de la calidad; sin embargo, se obtuvo evidencia de que los gerentes de las empresas familiares realizan menos planificación estratégica y le dan menos importancia a los programas para la formación de los recursos humanos, además que utilizan en menor medida las herramientas de gestión, contables y financieras para el proceso de toma de decisiones

Ritual de despedida em familiares de pacientes com prognóstico reservado

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Márcia Lucrecia Lisbôa

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Pesquisa qualitativa que teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos terapêuticos do ritual de despedida na iminência da morte, em familiares de pacientes com prognóstico reservado. Foram estudadas oito famílias de pacientes internados em um Hospital Geral. Utilizou-se o método clínico, as técnicas de estudo de caso e entrevistas pós-óbito, dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os familiares se despediram através da comunicação verbal e não-verbal, da religião, da "liberação", do "estar junto", sendo favoráveis à realização do ritual, destacando o aprendizado, o privilégio de participar e a importância da orientação psicológica. São difuculdades: sentimentos de pena, tristeza, ajuda na aceitação da morte, a aproximação entre os familiares e o paciente, abertura da comunicação, melhoria de condilções para elaborar o luto, redefinição dos relacionamentos com a pessoa ainda em vida.

Memorias y recomposiciones familiares

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Martine Segalen

2009-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo se pregunta sobre la especificidad de la memoria en las familias recompuestas, a partir de entrevistas procedentes de una gran investigación sobre tres generaciones. Los contrastes entre las tres generaciones se añaden a los que caracterizan a las separaciones, los divorcios y las recomposiciones. Apoyándose sobre los estudios antropológicos de los hechos memoriales contemporáneos, el análisis muestra cómo los lazos de la memoria se constituyen en gran parte durante la primera infancia, es decir, mediante la relación con los abuelos, la cual depende a su vez del modo en que se han desarrollado el divorcio y la recomposición familiar. Se muestra que, independientemente del tipo de familia, la memoria contemporánea es una construcción y que el individuo elige los materiales para fabricarse a sí mismo, dentro de un nuevo espíritu de familia.

Stimulus familiarity modulates functional connectivity of the perirhinal cortex and anterior hippocampus during visual discrimination of faces and objects

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McLelland, Victoria C.; Chan, David; Ferber, Susanne; Barense, Morgan D.

2014-01-01

Recent research suggests that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is involved in perception as well as in declarative memory. Amnesic patients with focal MTL lesions and semantic dementia patients showed perceptual deficits when discriminating faces and objects. Interestingly, these two patient groups showed different profiles of impairment for familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. For MTL amnesics, the use of familiar relative to unfamiliar stimuli improved discrimination performance. By contrast, patients with semantic dementia—a neurodegenerative condition associated with anterolateral temporal lobe damage—showed no such facilitation from familiar stimuli. Given that the two patient groups had highly overlapping patterns of damage to the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and temporal pole, the neuroanatomical substrates underlying their performance discrepancy were unclear. Here, we addressed this question with a multivariate reanalysis of the data presented by Barense et al. (2011), using functional connectivity to examine how stimulus familiarity affected the broader networks with which the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and temporal poles interact. In this study, healthy participants were scanned while they performed an odd-one-out perceptual task involving familiar and novel faces or objects. Seed-based analyses revealed that functional connectivity of the right perirhinal cortex and right anterior hippocampus was modulated by the degree of stimulus familiarity. For familiar relative to unfamiliar faces and objects, both right perirhinal cortex and right anterior hippocampus showed enhanced functional correlations with anterior/lateral temporal cortex, temporal pole, and medial/lateral parietal cortex. These findings suggest that in order to benefit from stimulus familiarity, it is necessary to engage not only the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus, but also a network of regions known to represent semantic information. PMID:24624075

Long-Term Retention in 3.5-Month-Olds: Familiarization Time and Individual Differences in Attentional Style.

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Courage, Mary L.; Howe, Mark L.

2001-01-01

Examined effect of familiarization on 3.5-month-olds' retention of visual stimuli with varying delay times. Found support for retention models in which direction of attentional preferences (novel, familiar, or null) depends on memory accessibility. Short lookers showed better retention over time than long lookers, indicating that much of the…

Familiar Face Recognition in Children with Autism: The Differential Use of Inner and Outer Face Parts

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Wilson, Rebecca; Pascalis, Olivier; Blades, Mark

2007-01-01

We investigated whether children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) have a deficit in recognising familiar faces. Children with ASD were given a forced choice familiar face recognition task with three conditions: full faces, inner face parts and outer face parts. Control groups were children with developmental delay (DD) and typically…

Nuevos datos para el estudio de los músicos Nebra en Aragón

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Ezquerro Esteban, Antonio

2002-12-01

Full Text Available On the occasion of the third centenary of the birth of the composer José Nebra in the town of Calatayud in the Province of Aragon, this article provides further information concerning the prevalence of a number of musicians bearing that same surname, both in Calatayud and in the city of Zaragoza. If, previously, certain things were only known through indirect references, now, for the first time, we can present photographs of the marriage certificate that initiated that family saga, together with the baptismal certificates of his brothers (José Bernardo, José Melchor, Francisco Javier and Joaquín. We are including for the first time José Nebra's certificate of confirmation (possibly, José Melchor, newly acquired information establishing the relationship between the Nebra and Blasco families (the latter family tree originating in Sevilla, as well as information from the principal music archives in Aragón, located in the Cathedrals in the city of Zaragoza, concerning the activities of the Nebra family and containing their public exam papers and surviving compositions.

Con ocasión del tercer centenario del nacimiento del compositor José Nebra en la localidad aragonesa de Calatayud, el presente artículo ofrece nuevas informaciones sobre la presencia de los diversos músicos así apellidados, tanto en Calatayud como en Zaragoza. A pesar de que algunos datos ya fueran conocidos por referencias indirectas, se aportan ahora por vez primera, las imágenes gráficas de la partida matrimonial del iniciador de la saga familiar, así como las partidas de bautismo de los hermanos (José Bernardo, José Melchor, Francisco Javier y Joaquín. Se incluye asimismo por vez primera la partida de confirmación de José Nebra (posiblemente, José Melchor, nuevos datos para establecer las conexiones entre los Nebra y los Blasco (rama familiar esta última que se desarrollaría en Sevilla, e informaciones procedentes del principal archivo musical aragon

Assessing Student Interest and Familiarity with Professional Psychology Specialty Areas

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Stark-Wroblewski, Kimberly; Wiggins, Tina L.; Ryan, Joseph J.

2006-01-01

The present study examined undergraduate psychology students' (N = 83) self-reported interest in and familiarity with five specialty areas in professional psychology: counseling psychology, clinical psychology, school psychology, forensic psychology, and criminal profiling. Results suggest that although students are quite interested in careers…

Sensitivity to feature displacement in familiar and unfamiliar faces: beyond the internal/external feature distinction.

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Brooks, Kevin R; Kemp, Richard I

2007-01-01

Previous studies of face recognition and of face matching have shown a general improvement for the processing of internal features as a face becomes more familiar to the participant. In this study, we used a psychophysical two-alternative forced-choice paradigm to investigate thresholds for the detection of a displacement of the eyes, nose, mouth, or ears for familiar and unfamiliar faces. No clear division between internal and external features was observed. Rather, for familiar (compared to unfamiliar) faces participants were more sensitive to displacements of internal features such as the eyes or the nose; yet, for our third internal feature-the mouth no such difference was observed. Despite large displacements, many subjects were unable to perform above chance when stimuli involved shifts in the position of the ears. These results are consistent with the proposal that familiarity effects may be mediated by the construction of a robust representation of a face, although the involvement of attention in the encoding of face stimuli cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, these effects are mediated by information from a spatial configuration of features, rather than by purely feature-based information.

Dilemas de pais e filhos no processo sucessório de empresas familiares

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José Elias Flores Jr.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo geral de destacar e analisar a vivência de dilemas de pais e filhos no que concerne ao processo sucessório em empresas familiares, desenvolveu-se pesquisa exploratória de orientação qualitativa a partir do pressuposto de que esses dilemas tenham papel determinante no planejamento (ou falta dele, execução e desfecho do processo sucessório, no futuro da empresa familiar e em suas chances de continuidade. No trabalho, buscou-se aliar o suporte teórico oferecido pela abordagem aplicada às empresas familiares às ideias de Bauman (2007a; 2007b; 2008 sobre a liquidez da existência e ao campo empírico referente a organizações com essas características, de um segmento específico de serviços. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio da realização de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas que somaram um total de 12 sujeitos - cinco pais-sucedidos e sete filhos-sucessores -, todos eles atuantes em cinco pequenas e médias empresas familiares brasileiras. Nesse sentido, foram identificados dez dilemas principais a serem abordados no presente artigo. Desses, cinco foram dilemas relativos aos pais-sucedidos entrevistados e cinco foram dilemas relativos aos filhos-sucessores indicados pelos primeiros. Analisados à luz da literatura, os resultados indicam, como um aspecto com cunho conclusivo, que os dilemas dos pais-sucedidos entrevistados estão prioritariamente relacionados com a dualidade vida-morte, enquanto os dilemas dos filhos-sucessores estão centrados na questão de legitimação pessoal. Igualmente, identificou-se, a partir do objetivo principal proposto, que os referidos dilemas de pais-sucedidos e filhos-sucessores podem influenciar e inclusive serem determinantes para o trato e o desenvolvimento da questão sucessória dentro da empresa familiar. Por derradeiro, expõem-se as limitações da pesquisa e apresentam-se sugestões para futuros trabalhos sobre o tema.

Significado construido por los cuidadores familiares acerca del personal de enfermería

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Carmen Liliana Escobar-Ciro

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir el significado que construye el cuidador familiar de personas en situación de enfermedad crónica acerca del personal de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron catorce entrevistas y cincuenta horas de observación participante. Los participantes fueron los cuidadores familiares de los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina interna en dos instituciones de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia. El análisis se hizo a partir de la lectura de los relatos, las observaciones y las notas de campo; se realizó análisis línea a línea, que permitió la codificación de la información; los relatos se agruparon en categorías y subcategorías. Resultados: el significado que construye el cuidador familiar de personas con enfermedad crónica acerca del personal de enfermería en el hospital parte de considerar la enfermería como un oficio duro y de vocación, donde se identifica como actores a la jefe (enfermera y a la enfermera (auxiliar de enfermería, cada una con características propias de su hacer, saber y ser por las cuales las diferencian, y con quienes establecen relaciones cercanas o lejanas. Conclusiones: los cuidadores familiares identifican al personal de enfermería de acuerdo con ciertas características, asumiendo que el profesional de enfermería posee conocimientos, estatus y poder, alejado del cuidador y del paciente. Por su parte, el auxiliar de enfermería es percibido como alguien cercano, con quien se puede interactuar y resolver situaciones. Independientemente del rol desempeñado, los enfermeros(as señalan una sobrecarga laboral que les hace difícil interactuar con el cuidador familiar.

Metodología para evaluar el impacto de los acontecimientos vitales de la familia en la salud familiar

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Patricia Ma. Herrera Santí

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de contribuir al diagnóstico de la salud familiar , proponemos una metodología de evaluación familiar orientada a profundizar en el impacto que tienen los diferentes eventos en la salud familiar. La repercusión, que para la salud familiar pueda tener cualquier evento, puede ser de diferentes magnitudes; desde muy severa, hasta leve, y puede afectar diferentes áreas de la familia como su funcionamiento, su integración social, la convivencia, la salud de sus miembros, los recursos económicos y hasta el propio modo de vida de la familia. Hacer un abordaje de la salud familiar, teniendo en cuenta todas las áreas que lo integran y 2 factores protectores primarios que son el apoyo social y los recursos adaptativos con que cuenta la familia, son la clave para el diagnóstico adecuado y la intervención eficaz en el tratamiento integral a la familia; de ahí que estén presentes en el modelo evaluativo que estamos proponiendo.

Pobreza, capital humano, capital social e familiar

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Petrini, Giancarlo; Fonseca, Ricardo; Porreca, Wladimir

2010-01-01

O presente estudo investiga a pobreza partindo de uma análise dos recursos que os pobres dispõem em sua realidade, analisando os temas do capital humano, social e familiar, procurando estabelecer conexões e elucidar fatores da realidade pouco considerados em estudos e  projetos de combate à pobreza e à exclusão social. O presente artigo, em seu conjunto, procura compreender porque, em condições semelhantes de pobreza, algumas pessoas conseguem elaborar um projeto de vida enquanto outras se es...

Alcoolismo no contexto familiar: um olhar fenomenológico

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Edite Lago da Silva Sena

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Conocer el significado de la convivencia diaria con una persona alcohólica fue el objeto de un estudio fenomenológico realizado con diez familiares de los alcohólicos, usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial - Alcohol y Drogas y de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia, del interior de Bahía, en el primer semestre de 2009. Las descripciones vivenciales fueron reveladas por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos focales, y luego sometidas a la analítica de la ambigüedad, que llevó a objetivar los siguientes temas: violencia percibida y violencia naturalizada; convivencia por necesidad personal y convivencia por la necesidad del otro. El fenómeno de la convivencia familiar con un miembro alcoholista apareció como vivencia ambigua, percibido siempre en perfil, trayendo con él varios otros perfiles. Los resultados destacaron la necesidad de una política de atención a la familia de personas alcohólicas, que sea capaz de incluirla en el planeamiento de la asistencia integral a la salud.

AGROECOSYSTEMS OF FAMILIAR ORCHARDS AT SUBTROPICAL MEXICAN HIGHLANDS. A SYSTEMIC VISION

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Jesús Gastón Gutiérrez Cedillo

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study is aimed to evaluate the traditional knowledge applied at agroecosystems of familiar orchards in San Nicolas, at southwest of the State of Mexico, in the Subtropical Central Highlands of Mexico generated by the Balsas River Depression; the selection of properties and informers was by means of intention. Were analyzed fourteen systems between march 2011 and april 2012.  Was elaborated the geographic, phyto geographic and agro ecological characterizations; the geographic characterization included physical, biotic and socio cultural aspects, mean by photo interpretation, localization through global positional systems, analysis of social statistics, in field observation about cultural outlines and elaboration of digital cartography. Related to phyto geographic characterization, was realized a floristically inventory, that included from de approach of Ethnobotanics the management and functionality of vegetal resources employed at the familiar orchards agroecosystems, based on the local inhabitants traditional knowledge; were realized collections of wild and cultivated botanical specimens. The agro ecological characterization was elaborated mean by in field work and interviews realized to the terrains owners, the obtained information was processed by means of data bases. The theoretical basis of the study was sustained on Agroecology, Cultural Ecology and Ethno botanical. These allows to evaluate the ecological importance, and to determinate the cultural and socioeconomic impacts of the familiar agroecosystems from a systemic point of view.

Event-related potentials indicate that fluency can be interpreted as familiarity.

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Bruett, Heather; Leynes, P Andrew

2015-11-01

Recent evidence suggests that fluency may be capable of supporting recognition independently of familiarity. This hypothesis was further tested in the present study. 29 participants encoded name-brand and off-brand products in an incidental task. Participants then judged whether the product was old or new during two tests with products from one category (i.e., only name-brand or only off-brand products) and a mixed test (where both name-brand and off-brand products were shown). The ERP data elicited by off-brand products varied as a function of test format. During the mixed test, off-brand products were correlated with a FN400 effect, whereas a fluency ERP (old ERPs were more negative than new at parietal electrodes 225-400ms) was observed during the other test. Importantly, no FN400 was detected during this test. The ERP results suggest that viewing the off-brand products during the mixed test produced a familiarity experience; however, fluency supported recognition when viewing off-brand products on the other test. The results are strong evidence that top-down processing of visual features during recognition interprets the information relative to the context. This process results in either fluency or, in other contexts, it is interpreted as familiarity as the Discrepancy-Attribution Hypothesis (Whittlesea and Williams, 2001a, 2001b) contends. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Learning to Recognize Patterns: Changes in the Visual Field with Familiarity

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Bebko, James M.; Uchikawa, Keiji; Saida, Shinya; Ikeda, Mitsuo

1995-01-01

Two studies were conducted to investigate changes which take place in the visual information processing of novel stimuli as they become familiar. Japanese writing characters (Hiragana and Kanji) which were unfamiliar to two native English speaking subjects were presented using a moving window technique to restrict their visual fields. Study time for visual recognition was recorded across repeated sessions, and with varying visual field restrictions. The critical visual field was defined as the size of the visual field beyond which further increases did not improve the speed of recognition performance. In the first study, when the Hiragana patterns were novel, subjects needed to see about half of the entire pattern simultaneously to maintain optimal performance. However, the critical visual field size decreased as familiarity with the patterns increased. These results were replicated in the second study with more complex Kanji characters. In addition, the critical field size decreased as pattern complexity decreased. We propose a three component model of pattern perception. In the first stage a representation of the stimulus must be constructed by the subject, and restricting of the visual field interferes dramatically with this component when stimuli are unfamiliar. With increased familiarity, subjects become able to reconstruct a previous representation from very small, unique segments of the pattern, analogous to the informativeness areas hypothesized by Loftus and Mackworth [J. Exp. Psychol., 4 (1978) 565].

Visual word form familiarity and attention in lateral difference during processing Japanese Kana words.

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Nakagawa, A; Sukigara, M

2000-09-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between familiarity and laterality in reading Japanese Kana words. In two divided-visual-field experiments, three- or four-character Hiragana or Katakana words were presented in both familiar and unfamiliar scripts, to which subjects performed lexical decisions. Experiment 1, using three stimulus durations (40, 100, 160 ms), suggested that only in the unfamiliar script condition was increased stimulus presentation time differently affected in each visual field. To examine this lateral difference during the processing of unfamiliar scripts as related to attentional laterality, a concurrent auditory shadowing task was added in Experiment 2. The results suggested that processing words in an unfamiliar script requires attention, which could be left-hemisphere lateralized, while orthographically familiar kana words can be processed automatically on the basis of their word-level orthographic representations or visual word form. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Percepción del clima social familiar y actitudes ante el acoso escolar en adolescentes

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María de la Villa Moral Jiménez

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La implicación de los factores familiares en la problemática del acoso escolar entre iguales está suficientemente documentada, no solo en lo relativo a los distintos perfiles diferenciales que presentan los bullies y sus víctimas en lo referente a los estilos socializadores paternos, sino por las implicaciones que se derivan de la percepción del clima familiar. En concreto, en este estudio se ofrece un análisis psicosocial de la vinculación entre la percepción del clima social familiar por parte de un colectivo de 550 adolescentes del Principado de Asturias (278 chicas, 50.5% y 272 chicos, 49.5% y sus actitudes ante el acoso escolar de acuerdo con un modelo de evaluación tridimensional (planos cognitivo, afectivo y disposicional medidas a través de la Escala de actitudes ante la agresión social construida ad hoc por los autores (Moral, 2005. Se ha confirmado que los adolescentes que presentan actitudes más favorables a la violencia entre iguales perciben un clima familiar más conflictivo, sienten menor afecto en las relaciones familiares, manifiestan una mayor dificultad para comunicarse con ellos, así como un menor respeto hacia sus opiniones y un mayor nivel de exigencia paterna y declaran ser objeto de castigo físico y psicológico por parte de sus padres en comparación con aquellos adolescentes que presentan unas actitudes más negativas hacia la violencia bullying.

Viviendo con un estoma digestivo: la importancia del apoyo familiar

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Candela Bonill de las Nieves

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo principal: Describir la relación y participación de la familia percibida por personas con estomas digestivos. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con 21 personas con estomas digestivos de las provincias de Málaga y Granada (España. La selección se hizo siguiendo los criterios de adecuación y diversidad mediante un muestreo intencional. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó un análisis del contenido, obteniéndose como categoría central el apoyo familiar. Resultados principales: Para las personas ostomizadas la familia se convierte en un recurso terapéutico esencial a lo largo de todo el proceso. Que el entorno familiar acepte esta nueva situación es fundamental para favorecer el reencuentro de la persona con su nueva realidad corporal. La implicación familiar en el proceso de aprendizaje de los cuidados desde el inicio es fundamental para la consecución de la autonomía. Contar con la aceptación y el apoyo de la pareja influye positivamente en el restablecimiento de las relaciones sexuales. Conclusión principal: La familia se convierte en un recurso terapéutico esencial a lo largo de todo el proceso, desde la toma de decisión acerca de la realización de la ostomía y durante el proceso de aceptación y adaptación del estoma.

Aceptación y uso de herbolaria en medicina familiar

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Taddei-Bringas Genaro Armando

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Explorar el grado de utilización de las plantas medicinales entre la población usuaria y el personal de salud en una unidad urbana de medicina familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo. Se diseñó y validó un cuestionario que exploró aceptación y utilización. Se aplicó a 60 médicos familiares, a una muestra aleatoria de 130 trabajadores de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar y a otra de 264 usuarios-pacientes de la misma. El porcentaje de respuesta fue de 78%. RESULTADOS. Se encontró que 83% de los médicos aceptan la herbolaria y 75% la utilizan como recurso terapéutico. Entre el personal de salud, la aceptación y la utilización fue de 100% y, en el caso de los usuarios, 92% la aceptan y 90% la utilizan. Las diferencias entre grupos son significativas (p< 0.05 Las plantas más utilizadas fueron el gordolobo (Gnaphalium sp., el eucalipto (Eucalyptus, probablemente E. globulus, la hierbabuena (Mentha sp., la manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla y el nopal (Opuntia sp., probablemente O. ficus-indica. CONCLUSIONES. Esta utilización es congruente con lo que indican informes previos en México, pero se documenta como recurso terapéutico en zonas urbanas, al que recurren médicos formados en el modelo biomédico farmacológico.

Coesão familiar associada à saúde bucal, fatores socioeconômicos e comportamentos em saúde

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Luale Leão Ferreira

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Pesquisas sobre saúde geral têm relacionado coesão familiar a fatores socioeconômicos e comportamentais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre coesão familiar e fatores socioeconômicos, comportamentais e de saúde bucal. Este foi um estudo transversal com amostra por conglomerados em dois estágios. A amostra randomizada de 524 adolescentes era proveniente de escolas públicas da cidade de Piracicaba-SP. As variáveis foram avaliadas por questionários autoaplicáveis e os dados de saúde bucal, pelos índices CPO e CPI. A coesão familiar percebida pelo adolescente foi avaliada por meio da escala de adaptabilidade e coesão familiar. Análise univariada e regressão logística multinominal mostraram que adolescentes com baixa coesão familiar apresentaram mais chance de terem baixa renda (OR 2,28 IC95% 1,14-4,55, presença de cárie (OR 2,23 IC95% 1,21-4,09 e baixa frequência de escovação diária (OR 1,91 IC95% 1,03-3,54. Adolescentes com alta coesão familiar apresentaram mais chance que adolescentes com média coesão de terem alta renda e fator de proteção contra o hábito de tabagismo. Desta forma, a coesão familiar percebida pelo adolescente associou-se com variáveis comportamentais, socioeconômicas e de saúde bucal, indicando a importância de uma abordagem integral da saúde do paciente.

No need to talk, I know you: familiarity influences early multisensory integration in a songbird's brain

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Isabelle GEORGE

2011-01-01

Full Text Available It is well known that visual information can affect auditory perception, as in the famous McGurk effect, but little is known concerning the processes involved. To address this issue, we used the best-developed animal model to study language-related processes in the brain: songbirds. European starlings were exposed to audiovisual compared to auditory-only playback of conspecific songs, while electrophysiological recordings were made in their primary auditory area (Field L. The results show that the audiovisual condition modulated the auditory responses. Enhancement and suppression were both observed, depending on the stimulus familiarity. Seeing a familiar bird led to suppressed auditory responses while seeing an unfamiliar bird led to response enhancement, suggesting that unisensory perception may be enough if the stimulus is familiar while redundancy may be required for unfamiliar items. This is to our knowledge the first evidence that multisensory integration may occur in a low-level, putatively unisensory area of a non-mammalian vertebrate brain, and also that familiarity of the stimuli may influence modulation of auditory responses by vision.