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Sample records for faibles additions metalliques

  1. Improvements to the properties of uranium by addition of small quantities of other metals; Ameliorations apportees a l'uranium par de faibles additions metalliques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Englander, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1960-07-01

    The most economical nuclear fuel used in power reaction which produce energy for industrial purposes is metallic uranium, either in natural form or slightly enriched in the {sup 235}U isotope. Under optimum working conditions any fuel should produce a minimum of 3,000 MW days/tonne, i.e. 72 x 10{sup 6} kWh per tonne of natural uranium, while at the same lime being maintained at a temperature sufficiently high for it to fulfil its role of heat-source (at a minimum of between 350 and 550 deg. C). Now it is rather surprising to note that polycrystalline aggregates in uranium billets, obtained either by casting under vacuum or by extrusion at high temperature, are made up of course grains having broken-up, irregular contours and exhibit numerous signs of intergranular deformation (twin crystals, slip-lines) as well as a pronounced sub-structure. As well as this, the range of grain diameters extends from a few microns up to a few millimeters, according to the micrographic zones examined. Under the influence of irradiation at these temperatures, pure cylindrical metallic uranium bars of about 1 inch diameter are deformed: cracks appear in the metal and changes in the length and diameter occur (these produce an 'orange-peel' texture on the surface). These changes are caused either by growths which are more or less oriented, or else by surface distortions which can cause faults in the material and in the canning and can produce bending which may be sufficiently pronounced to interfere with the cooling circuits. It has since been realised that this instability under the effects of thermal stresses of nuclear origin is due to the heterogeneous morphology of uranium and to its anisotropic crystalline structure (U{sub {alpha}} or U{sub {beta}}). (author) [French] Les reacteurs de puissance destines a fournir l'energie industriellement recuperable utilisent comme materiau combustible nucleaire le plus economique, l'uranium metallique naturel ou legerement enrichi en isotope U

  2. Interactions faibles en harmonie

    CERN Multimedia

    1978-01-01

    Des résultats de haute précision obtenus à Stanford ouvrent la voie vers une unification des interactions faible et électromagnétique ; Présentation à la Conférence neutrino d'Oxford de nouveaux résultats en accord avec la théorie de la synthèse des forces faible et électro- magnétique

  3. Conductivite dans le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel a faible couplage

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bergeron, Dominic

    Le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel (2D) est souvent considere comme le modele minimal pour les supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique a base d'oxyde de cuivre (SCHT). Sur un reseau carre, ce modele possede les phases qui sont communes a tous les SCHT, la phase antiferromagnetique, la phase supraconductrice et la phase dite du pseudogap. Il n'a pas de solution exacte, toutefois, plusieurs methodes approximatives permettent d'etudier ses proprietes de facon numerique. Les proprietes optiques et de transport sont bien connues dans les SCHT et sont donc de bonne candidates pour valider un modele theorique et aider a comprendre mieux la physique de ces materiaux. La presente these porte sur le calcul de ces proprietes pour le modele de Hubbard 2D a couplage faible ou intermediaire. La methode de calcul utilisee est l'approche auto-coherente a deux particules (ACDP), qui est non-perturbative et inclue l'effet des fluctuations de spin et de charge a toutes les longueurs d'onde. La derivation complete de l'expression de la conductivite dans l'approche ACDP est presentee. Cette expression contient ce qu'on appelle les corrections de vertex, qui tiennent compte des correlations entre quasi-particules. Pour rendre possible le calcul numerique de ces corrections, des algorithmes utilisant, entre autres, des transformees de Fourier rapides et des splines cubiques sont developpes. Les calculs sont faits pour le reseau carre avec sauts aux plus proches voisins autour du point critique antiferromagnetique. Aux dopages plus faibles que le point critique, la conductivite optique presente une bosse dans l'infrarouge moyen a basse temperature, tel qu'observe dans plusieurs SCHT. Dans la resistivite en fonction de la temperature, on trouve un comportement isolant dans le pseudogap lorsque les corrections de vertex sont negligees et metallique lorsqu'elles sont prises en compte. Pres du point critique, la resistivite est lineaire en T a basse temperature et devient

  4. INTRODUCTION A L'UNIFICATION DES INTERACTIONS ELECTROMAGNETIQUES ET FAIBLES

    OpenAIRE

    Martin , F.

    1980-01-01

    Après avoir décrit l'état actuel de la phénoménologie des interactions faibles on discute les principes de base des théories de jauge. On montre ensuite comment le mécanisme de Higgs permet d'obtenir des quanta d'interaction massifs. Le modèle dit de "Weinberg-Salam" permettant d'unifier les interactions électromagnétiques et faibles est présenté. On termine par quelques mots sur l'unification avec les interactions fortes et la gravitation.

  5. Overhauser effect in metallic lithium; Effet Overhauser dans le lithium metallique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gueron, J.; Ryter, Ch. [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1960-07-01

    The Overhauser effect has been observed: a) at ordinary temperatures, by measuring the increase in the nuclear resonance signal of Li{sup 7}; b) at the temperature of liquid helium, by observing the electron resonance shift due to the secular part of the electron-nucleus coupling. The metallic lithium particles are produced by irradiating lithium hydride with thermal neutrons. Reprint of a paper published in Physical Review Letters, vol. 3, no. 7, 1959, p. 338-340 [French] L'effet Overhauser est mis en evidence: a) a la temperature ordinaire, en mesurant l'augmentation du signal de resonance nucleaire du Li{sup 7}; b) a la temperature de l'helium liquide, en observant le deplacement de la raie de resonance electronique du a la partie seculaire du couplage electron-noyau. Les particules de lithium metallique sont produites par irradiations aux neutrons thermiques de l'hydrure de lithium Li{sup 7}. Reproduction d'un article publie dans Physical Review Letters, vol. 3, no. 7, 1959, p. 338-340.

  6. Accès de familles à faible revenu à une alimentation saine grâce ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Accès de familles à faible revenu à une alimentation saine grâce aux cantines populaires au Pérou. Les maladies non transmissibles (MNT) sont une importante cause de décès au Pérou (60 % des décès en 2010). Un régime alimentaire malsain est l'un des quatre principaux facteurs de risque de MNT. Les chercheurs se ...

  7. Fast measure proceeding of weak currents; Un procede de mesure rapide des courants faibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Taieb, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Siege (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1953-07-01

    The process of fast measure of the weak currents that we are going to describe briefly apply worthy of the provided currents by the sources to elevated value internal resistance, as it is the case for the ionization chamber, the photocells, mass spectroscopic tubes. The problem to measure weak currents is essentially a problem of amplifier and of input circuit. We intended to achieve a whole amplifier and input circuit with advanced performances, meaning that for a measured celerity we wanted to have an signal/noise ratio the most important as in the classic systems and for a same report signal/noise a more quickly done measure. (M.B.) [French] Le procede de mesure rapide des courants faibles que nous allons brievement decrire s'applique a la mesure des courants fournis par les sources a resistance interne de valeur elevee, comme c'est le cas pour les chambres d'ionisation, les photocellules, les tubes de spectrographe de masse. Le probleme de mesure de courants faibles est essentiellement un probleme d'amplificateur et de circuit d'entree. Nous nous sommes proposes de realiser un ensemble amplificateur et circuit d'entree a performances poussees, c'est a dire que pour une meme rapidite de mesure nous desirions avoir un rapport signal/bruit plus important que dans les systemes classiques et pour un meme rapport signal/bruit une mesure effectuee plus rapidement. (M.B.)

  8. Modelisation de la diffusion sur les surfaces metalliques: De l'adatome aux processus de croissance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boisvert, Ghyslain

    Cette these est consacree a l'etude des processus de diffusion en surface dans le but ultime de comprendre, et de modeliser, la croissance d'une couche mince. L'importance de bien mai triser la croissance est primordiale compte tenu de son role dans la miniaturisation des circuits electroniques. Nous etudions ici les surface des metaux nobles et de ceux de la fin de la serie de transition. Dans un premier temps, nous nous interessons a la diffusion d'un simple adatome sur une surface metallique. Nous avons, entre autres, mis en evidence l'apparition d'une correlation entre evenements successifs lorsque la temperature est comparable a la barriere de diffusion, i.e., la diffusion ne peut pas etre associee a une marche aleatoire. Nous proposons un modele phenomenologique simple qui reproduit bien les resultats des simulations. Ces calculs nous ont aussi permis de montrer que la diffusion obeit a la loi de Meyer-Neldel. Cette loi stipule que, pour un processus active, le prefacteur augmente exponentiellement avec la barriere. En plus, ce travail permet de clarifier l'origine physique de cette loi. En comparant les resultats dynamiques aux resultats statiques, on se rend compte que la barriere extraite des calculs dynamiques est essentiellement la meme que celle obtenue par une approche statique, beaucoup plus simple. On peut donc obtenir cette barriere a l'aide de methodes plus precises, i.e., ab initio, comme la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite, qui sont aussi malheureusement beaucoup plus lourdes. C'est ce que nous avons fait pour plusieurs systemes metalliques. Nos resultats avec cette derniere approche se comparent tres bien aux resultats experimentaux. Nous nous sommes attardes plus longuement a la surface (111) du platine. Cette surface regorge de particularites interessantes, comme la forme d'equilibre non-hexagonale des i lots et deux sites d'adsorption differents pour l'adatome. De plus, des calculs ab initio precedents n'ont pas reussi a confirmer la

  9. Etude du faible poids de naissance associé à l'âge maternel et la ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Introduction: évaluer l'influence de l'âge maternel et de la parité sur la naissance d'un faible poids de naissance (FPN) à Lubumbashi. Méthodes: il s'agit d'une étude basée sur une analyse documentaire des dossiers médicaux des accouchées enregistrées dans les maternités des 10 hôpitaux généraux de référence ...

  10. Diagrams of the variations in the free energy of formation of metallic compounds (1960); Diagrammes de variations d'energie libre de formation des composes metalliques (1960)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Darras, R; Loriers, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1960-07-01

    The variations in the standard free energy {delta}G produced during the formation of the principal simple metallic compounds have been calculated as a function of the temperature from recently published data, and are presented in convenient diagram form. Their usefulness in metallurgy is illustrated by some possible applications. (author) [French] Les variations d'energie libre standard {delta}G intervenant lors de la formation des principaux composes metalliques simples ont ete calculees, en fonction de la temperature, d'apres les donnees recentes de la litterature et rassemblees sous forme de diagrammes d'utilisation commode. Leur interet certain en metallurgie est concretise par quelques exemples d'applications possibles. (auteur)

  11. La gouvernance de la sécurité dans les États faibles et défaillants The Governance of Security in Weak and Failing State

    OpenAIRE

    Samuel Tanner; Benoît Dupont; Peter Grabosky; Clifford Shearing

    2009-01-01

    Cet article vise à identifier des moyens permettant le renforcement des mécanismes de contrôle social et de résolution des conflits dans les États faibles et défaillants. Après avoir examiné la gouvernance de la sécurité telle qu’elle se développe dans les États forts, nous montrons que certaines configurations institutionnelles peuvent être transposées dans un contexte d’État faible, où les institutions étatiques en charge de la sécurité sont défaillantes ou inexistantes. Nous identifions de...

  12. Inflammability of magnesium and its alloys in carbon dioxide either pure or mixed with water vapour, air or oxygen; Inflammabilite du magnesium et de ses alliages dans le gaz carbonique et ses melanges avec la vapeur d'eau, l'air ou l'oxygene

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baque, P; Chevilliard, C; Darras, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    Whereas low contents of metallic additions have only a small influence on the temperature at which magnesium begins to burn in carbon dioxide, an increase in the specific surface area of the samples is likely to reduce it considerably, the self-heating phenomena being then more pronounced. On the other hand, the exact nature of the surrounding atmosphere is a very important factor; thus the temperature at which ignition begins increases with increasing carbon dioxide pressure, decreases very rapidly when the moisture content of this gas increases up to 3000 v.p.m., and decreases regularly when the partial pressure of air or oxygen increases. (authors) [French] Alors que de faibles teneurs en additions metalliques n'ont que peu d'influence sur la temperature d'inflammation du magnesium dans le gaz carbonique, l'augmentation de la surface specifique des echantillons est susceptible de l'abaisser fortement, le phenomene d'autochauffage se trouvant alors accru. D'autre part, la nature exacte de l'atmosphere gazeuse ambiante est un facteur tres important; ainsi la temperature d'inflammation croit avec la pression du gaz carbonique, decroit tres rapidement lorsque sa teneur en humidite augmente jusqu'a 3000 v.p.m., et diminue regulierement lorsque la pression partielle d'air ou d'oxygene augmente. (auteurs)

  13. Stabilization of mixed carbides of uranium-plutonium by zirconium. Part 1.: uranium carbide with small additions of zirconium; Etude de la stabilisation des carbures mixtes d'uranium et de plutonium par addition de zirconium. 1. partie: etude des carbures d'uranium avec de faibles additions de zirconium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bocker, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1969-07-01

    Cast carbide samples, being of a high density and purity, are preferable for research purposes, to samples produced by powder metallurgy methods. Samples of uranium carbide with small additions of zirconium (1 to 5 per cent) were cast, as rods, in an arc furnace. A single phase carbide with interesting qualities was produced. As cast, a dendrite structure is observed, which does not disappear, after a treatment at 1900 deg. C during 110 hours. In comparison with uranium monocarbide the compatibility with stainless steel is much improved. The specific heat (between room temperature and 2500 deg. C) is similar to the specific heat of uranium monocarbide. A study of these mixed carbides, but having a part of the uranium replaced by plutonium is under way. (author) [French] Les echantillons de monocarbures obtenus par coulee sont tres interessants pour les recherches experimentales a cause de leur grande purete, de leur densite tres elevee et de la facilite d'obtention des lingots de forme et dimensions variees. On a prepare et coule dans un four a arc des echantillons de carbures d'uranium avec de faibles additions de zirconium (1 a 5 at. pour cent). On obtient ainsi des carbures monophases presentant de meilleures proprietes que le monocarbure d'uranium. A l'etat brut de coulee on observe une structure dendritique qui n'est pas detruite par un traitement thermique de 110 heures a 1900 deg. C. La compatibilite avec l'acier inoxydable 316 (a 925 deg. C pendant 500 heures) est nettement amelioree par rapport a UC. La chaleur specifique (entre la temperature ordinaire et 2500 deg. C) et la densite sont tres peu differentes de celles du monocarbure d'uranium. Une etude concernant les composes U-Pu-Zr-C est actuellement en cours. (auteur)

  14. A new scintillation counter with very fast resolving time (1961); Nouveau compteur a scintillation a tres faible temps de resolution (1961)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koch, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-07-01

    The rare gases used as scintillators are characterized by their short time of luminescence and by the linearity of their response as a function of the total energy imparted to the gas by the incident particle. It is possible with these scintillators, when associated with a fast response photomultiplier, to solve certain problems of nuclear physics demanding a linear detector with a very fast resolving time (a few nanoseconds). Two examples of the construction of this apparatus are described. The results obtained and future possibilities are briefly outlined. (author) [French] Les gaz rares utilises comme scintillateurs sont caracterises par leur faible duree de luminescence et par la linearite de leur reponse en fonction de l'energie totale cedee au gaz par la particule incidente. Ces scintillateurs, associes a un photomultiplicateur a une reponse rapide, permettent de resoudre certains problemes de physique nucleaire dans lesquels un detecteur lineaire a tres faible temps de resolution (quelques nanosecondes) se revele indispensable. Deux exemples de realisation sont decrits. Les resultats obtenus et les possibilites futures sont brievement exposes. (auteur)

  15. A contribution to the study of the mixed uranium-plutonium mono-carbides containing small quantities of zirconium; Contribution a l'etude du monocarbure d'uranium et de plutonium avec de faibles additions de zirconium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bocker, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1970-03-01

    We have studied a mixed monocarbide, type (U,Pu)C, containing small additions of zirconium for the application as a fast neutron reactor fuel. A preliminary study was conducted on the (U,Zr)C monocarbide (Report CEA-R-3765(1). It was found that small additions of zirconium to the uranium-plutonium monocarbide improve a number of properties such as atmospheric corrosion, the hardness, and particularly the compatibility with 316 stainless steel. However, properties such as the coefficient of expansion and the melting point are only slightly changed. The relative percentage of Pu/U+Pu in the monocarbide was fixed at 20 per cent. Two processes of fabrication were employed: casting in an arc furnace, sintering, carried out after having the hydrides of the metals carburized. The metallurgical results indicate, that the above mentioned fuel might be of interest for fast neutron reactor application. (author) [French] On a etudie un combustible de type carbure (U,Pu)C pour les reacteurs a neutrons rapides. Les recherches preliminaires ont porte sur le carbure (UZr)C (rapport CEA-R-3765(1)). L'addition de faibles quantites de zirconium (3 at. pour cent) au monocarbure (U,Pu)C, ameliore certaines proprietes, commee la tenue a la corrosion atmospherique, la durete et surtout la compatibilite avec l'acier inoxydable X-18 M, Par contre le coefficient de dilatation et la densite sont peu changes. Le rapport Pu/Pu+U etait fixe a 20 pour cent. Deux procedes de fabrication ont ete etudies: l'un par fusion a l'arc, l'autre par frittage a partir de metaux hydrures. Au vu des resultats metallurgiques obtenus le carbure (U,Pu,Zr)C semble presenter un interet certain. (auteur)

  16. Fixing of metallic acetates on an anion-exchange resin; Fixation d'acetates metalliques dans une resine echangeuse d'anions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brigaudeau-Vaissiere, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etude Nucleaires

    1966-06-01

    After giving a brief review of the theoretical principles governing the fixation of anionic complexes of metallic elements on an anion exchange resin, we consider the particular case of uranyl acetate. By plotting the partition curves we have been able to calculate the exchange constants in the resin. By studying the changes in the logarithm of the limiting partition coefficient as a function of the logarithm of the free acetate ion concentration, it has been possible to calculate the dissociation constants for the complexes in solution. The fixation of a large number of metallic acetates has been studied. All the tests have been negative except in the case of mercury. For this reason we have been able to consider the possibility of separating uranium from a certain number of elements. Some of these separations are possible even in the presence of interfering anions such as chlorides which have a greater affinity for the resin than have the acetate ions. In the case of water-ethanol and water-isopropanol mixtures, we have improved the conditions under which copper acetate and mercury acetate may be fixed. This study has enabled us to calculate the dissociation constant for the CuAc{sub 3}{sup -} complex in the mixtures water +40% (by weight) isopropanol and water +50% (by weight) isopropanol. It should also make it possible to use separation conditions which could not hitherto be applied in aqueous media. (author) [French] Apres avoir rappele les principes theoriques de la fixation des complexes anioniques des elements metalliques dans une resine echangeuse d'anions, nous avons etudie tout particulierement le cas de l'acetate d'uranyle. Le trace des courbes de partage nous a permis de calculer les constantes d'echange dans la resine. L'etude des variations du logarithme du coefficient limite de partage avec le logarithme de la concentration des ions acetate libres nous a conduits aux calculs des constantes de dissociation des complexes en solution. La fixation d

  17. A contribution to the study of the mixed uranium-plutonium mono-carbides containing small quantities of zirconium; Contribution a l'etude du monocarbure d'uranium et de plutonium avec de faibles additions de zirconium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bocker, S. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1970-03-01

    We have studied a mixed monocarbide, type (U,Pu)C, containing small additions of zirconium for the application as a fast neutron reactor fuel. A preliminary study was conducted on the (U,Zr)C monocarbide (Report CEA-R-3765(1). It was found that small additions of zirconium to the uranium-plutonium monocarbide improve a number of properties such as atmospheric corrosion, the hardness, and particularly the compatibility with 316 stainless steel. However, properties such as the coefficient of expansion and the melting point are only slightly changed. The relative percentage of Pu/U+Pu in the monocarbide was fixed at 20 per cent. Two processes of fabrication were employed: casting in an arc furnace, sintering, carried out after having the hydrides of the metals carburized. The metallurgical results indicate, that the above mentioned fuel might be of interest for fast neutron reactor application. (author) [French] On a etudie un combustible de type carbure (U,Pu)C pour les reacteurs a neutrons rapides. Les recherches preliminaires ont porte sur le carbure (UZr)C (rapport CEA-R-3765(1)). L'addition de faibles quantites de zirconium (3 at. pour cent) au monocarbure (U,Pu)C, ameliore certaines proprietes, commee la tenue a la corrosion atmospherique, la durete et surtout la compatibilite avec l'acier inoxydable X-18 M, Par contre le coefficient de dilatation et la densite sont peu changes. Le rapport Pu/Pu+U etait fixe a 20 pour cent. Deux procedes de fabrication ont ete etudies: l'un par fusion a l'arc, l'autre par frittage a partir de metaux hydrures. Au vu des resultats metallurgiques obtenus le carbure (U,Pu,Zr)C semble presenter un interet certain. (auteur)

  18. Influence des paramètres d'un laser ER: YAG sur l'adaptation marginale d'une restauration à faible contraction

    OpenAIRE

    Peeters, Frédéric

    2013-01-01

    Quarante molaires ont été réparties en cinq groupes. C'est avec un laser de type Er:YAG que des cavités occlusales ont été faites sur les dents des quatre premiers groupes et cela avec certains paramètres définis et spécifiques à chacun. Les dents du dernier groupe quant à elles, ont subi un traitement conventionnel de fraisage. L’obturation des cavités a été faite avec le même matériau, une résine composite à faible taux de contraction. L'adaptation marginale de chaque dent a ensuite été com...

  19. Limit to the measurement of feeble activities using ionization chambers; Limite des possibilites de mesure de faibles activites au moyen de chambres d'ionisation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Briere, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The present account based on experience acquired in the Biology Service, in measuring feeble activities of tritium and carbon-14 has been prepared for the benefit hose who have to carry out measurements of feeble activities using ionization chambers. Precision are given on the behaviour and actual performance of vibrating condenser electrometers, based on approximately two years operating experience. It is shown that the possibilities of utilisation are not limited as is generally believed by insufficient sensitivity and stability of the electronic equipment, but by the existence of various parasitic phenomena coming from the ionization chamber itself, which make very difficult the measurement of ionization currents which are less than 10{sup -14} A. (author)Fren. [French] Le present compte rendu, base sur l'experience acquise au Service de Biologie dans la mesure de faibles activites de tritium et de carbone-14, est redige a l'intention des personnes ayant a effectuer des mesures de tres faibles activites au moyen de chambres d'ionisation. Il donne des precisions sur le comportement et les performances reelles des electrometres a condensateur vibrant, basees sur environ deux ans d'utilisation, et demontre que les possibilites de mesure ne sont pas limitees - comme on le croit generalement - par l'insuffisance de sensibilite et de stabilite de l'appareillage electronique, mais par l'existence de divers phenomenes parasites dont la chambre d'ionisation est le siege et qui rendent tres difficiles la mesure de courants d'ionisation inferieurs a 10{sup -14} A. (auteur)

  20. Contribution to the study of luminous sources for uranium isotope measurements by emission spectrometry; Contribution a l'etude de sources lumineuses destinees au dosage isotopique de l'uranium par spectrometrie d'emission

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leichnam, J P; Capitini, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    After a brief summary of results obtained with different hollow cathode luminous sources, the reasons for which they cannot be more widely used are given: an insufficient luminosity when uranium oxides are used in the cathode hollow; the large amount of sample required when it is metallic; the impossibility of effecting a chemical purification of the sample. Electrode-less discharge tubes excited by high frequency whose qualities (luminosity, stability, rapidity of preparation starting from small amounts of sample in various chemical forms, in particular iron) satisfy the conditions laid down for the measurement of uranium 235 by interferometry are used. Tho production process for such lamps is given together with the method of excitation. Examples of recordings obtained with an interferometer of the 'HYPEAC' type and a small grating spectrometer give an idea of the spectral qualities of these sources. (authors) [French] Apres avoir rappele les resultats obtenus avec differentes sources de lumiere a cathode creuse, on explique les raisons qui limitent leur emploi: brillance trop faible lorsque les oxydes d'uranium sont utilises dans le trou cathodique; trop grande quantite d'echantillon necessaire lorsque celui-ci est sous forme metallique; impossibilite de purifier chimiquement l'echantillon. On a employe des tubes a decharge sans electrode excitee par haute frequence, dont les qualites (brillance, stabilite, rapidite de preparation a partir de faibles quantites d'echantillon se presentant sous des formes chimiques diverses, elimination des impuretes chimiques, en particulier du fer) repondent aux conditions imposees pour le dosage isotopique de l'uranium 235 par interferometrie. On decrit le mode operatoire de fabrication de telles lampes et on rappelle le systeme d'excitation. Des exemples d'enregistrement, obtenus avec un appareil interferometrique 'HYPEAC' et un petit spectrometre a reseau, donnent une idee des qualites spectrales de ces sources. (auteurs)

  1. Faible taux de succes du sevrage tabagique a court et moyen termes au decours d�un infarctus aigu du myocarde dans un service de cardiologie de Dakar au Senegal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alassane Mbaye

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available e le tabac pendant l�hospitalisation. Apres un suivi de 3 mois, 45% des patients ont repris le tabac, 65% a 6 mois et 85% a 12 mois. CONCLUSION: Le tabagisme est assez frequent chez les patients senegalais presentant un infarctus du myocarde. Le taux de sevrage tabagique a court et moyen termes est faible. Le sevrage tabagique devrait alors constituer un objectif privilegie dans la prevention des maladies cardio-vasculaires.

  2. Application du concept de maillon faible à un critère d'endurance multiaxial

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flacelière, L.; Morel, F.; Palin-Luc, T.

    2002-12-01

    En fatigue à grand nombre de cycle, il est aujourd'hui admis que la distribution des contraintes, ainsi que la taille des composants, sont responsables de variations de la limite de fatigue. Sous chargement uniaxial ou multiaxial, on peut montrer qu'une approche statistique dite du maillon le plus faible, combiné à un critère multiaxial d'endurance basé sur une analyse micro plastique, permet de prédire la limite de fatigue de plusieurs matériaux métalliques. Quatre types de chargement sont analysés (traction-compression, torsion, flexion rotative et flexion plane), puis comparées aux résultats expérimentaux, pour une fonte et deux aciers haute résistance. L'approche statistique proposée permet d'intégrer un certain nombre d'aspects: la dispersion des données pour tous types de chargement, l'effet de gradient et l'influence de la présence de défauts matériaux. Enfin, ce modèle rend également compte de la diminution de la limite de fatigue avec l'augmentation du volume contraint. Les prédictions des probabilités de rupture sont raisonnables bien que seules des limites de fatigue relatives à des probabilités de rupture de 50% soient utilisées pour l'identification des paramètres du modèle.

  3. The action of uranium hexafluoride on some metallic fluorides (1962); Action de l'hexafluorure d'uranium sur quelques fluorures metalliques (1962)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Michallet, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-12-15

    A metallic difluoride is inert to UF{sub 6} unless the metal can exist in a higher valency state. In this case, UF{sub 6} acts as an oxidising agent and is transformed into UF{sub 4}. The fluorides of tri- and tetra-valent metals give rise to new compounds when they are maintained at a high temperature (500 deg. C) in the presence of uranium hexachloride vapour. The products obtained are characterized by their X-ray diffraction diagrams. The distributions of the lines of the powder diagrams are very similar to that of U{sub 4}F{sub 17}. Assuming that this resemblance is due to a stacking of identical fluorine atoms, it can be calculated that the corresponding structure is given by the theoretical formulae: MeF{sub 3}, 0,562 UF{sub 6}; MeF{sub 4}, 0,396 UF{sub 6} which are in good agreement with chemical measurements. (author) [French] Un di-fluorure metallique est inerte vis-a-vis de UF{sub 6}, sauf si le metal est susceptible d'exister a une valence plus elevee. Dans ce cas, UF{sub 6} joue le role d'un oxydant et se transforme en UF{sub 4}. Les fluorures de metaux tri et tetravalents donnent naissance a des composes nouveaux quand ils sont maintenus a haute temperature (500 deg. C) en presence de vapeur d'hexafluorure d'uranium. Les produits obtenus sont caracterises par leurs diagrammes de diffraction X. Les distributions de raies des diagrammes de poudre sont tres voisines de celles de U{sub 4}F{sub 17}. En supposant que cette analogie resulte d'un empilement d'ions fluor identique, le calcul conduit aux formules theoriques suivantes: MeF{sub 3}, 0,562 UF{sub 6}; MeF{sub 4}, 0,396 UF{sub 6} en bon accord avec les resultats des dosages chimiques. (auteur)

  4. Experimental study of metal gasketed joints for ultra-high vacuums; Etude experimentale de joints metalliques pour ultra-vide

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boulloud, J. P.; Schweitzer, J. [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA, Service de Physique Appliquee, groupe de Vide, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1960-07-01

    Various type of leak-tight metal joints have been studied with their application in assemblies containing total vacuums in mind. Their integrity has been tested with a helium leak detector, and leaks of about 2 x 10{sup -12} cm{sup 3} Atm/s per meter of joint have been measured, simultaneously with the clamping effort applied at the joint and the deformation of the metal gasket. The integrity to clamping effort ratio curve is not retraced in reverse upon relaxation of the clamping effort, but a 'return curve' analogous to a hysteresis cycle explains why certain types of joint retain their integrity at high temperatures. The use of a tracer gas permits discrimination between external permeation of the joint and gas from occlusions between its mating surfaces. The authors have been led to consider that neither the nature nor the purity or surface condition of the joint have any basic influence on its integrity. Clamping effort values in respect of various joints and necessary for total integrity are indicated. Reprint of a paper published in Le vide, no. 82, Jul-Aug 1959 [French] L'etude de differents types de joints metalliques etanches, en vue de leur application a l'ultra-vide, a ete effectuee a l'aide d'un detecteur de fuite a helium. On a mesure simultanement le debit de fuite, l'effort applique sur le joint et sa deformation. On a reussi a mesurer des debits de fuite de l'ordre de 2 x 10{sup -12} cm{sup 3} Atm/s/m de joint pour l'air. La courbe de l'etancheite en fonction de l'effort applique n'est pas reversible et on a pu mettre en evidence un 'cycle d'hysteresis' qui explique que certains joints conservent leur etancheite a haute temperature. La methode de mesure d'etancheite au moyen d'un gaz traceur a amene a faire une distinction entre la permeation et le degazage des gaz occlus dans l'interface des joints et a considerer que ni la nature, ni la purete et ni l'etat de surface du joint n'ont une influence primordiale sur l'etancheite de joint. Des valeurs

  5. Blocage de Coulomb dans une boite quantique laterale contenant un faible nombre d'electrons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gould, Charles

    Dans ce travail on utilise une nouvelle geometrie pour augmenter le controle sur le nombre d'electrons contenus dans une boite quantique laterale, et ainsi atteindre un regime de petit nombre d'electrons. Ces echantillons permettent une etude du blocage de Coulomb quand les electrons sont injectes a partir d'un gaz electronique a deux dimensions (2DEG). Les mesures a faible champ magnetique demontrent la grande flexibilite des echantillons et montrent que l'on peut faire varier le nombre d'electrons dans une boite quantique a partir de plus de 40 electrons jusqu'a un seul electron, ce qui est assez courant dans les boites quantiques verticales, mais ce qui n'avait jamais ete reussi dans une boite quantique laterale. Nos resultats montrent egalement que dans les boites quantiques laterales il est possible de determiner le spin du niveau qui participe au transport a l'aide du phenomene de blocage de spin. De plus, dans certaines circonstances il est meme possible de determiner le spin total de la boite quantique, ce qui peut avoir des applications pratiques dans des domaines tels l'informatique quantique. Les mesures dans le regime de renversement de spin a un champ magnetique plus eleve montrent l'importance des correlations electrons---electrons dans ces boites quantiques, qui menent a des depolarisations et a des structures de spins qui ont un effet sur le transport. En particulier, ces correlations menent a l'existence de niveaux excites de basse energie qui causent une dependance anormale de l'amplitude des pics de blocage de Coulomb en fonction de la temperature. Nos experiences demontrent egalement la possibilite d'utiliser ces boites quantiques comme sondes pour etudier les proprietes du bord d'un 2DEG. Une voie de recherche a etre exploree.

  6. Contribution to the study of nuclear fuel materials with a metallic uranium base; Contribution a l'etude des materiaux combustibles nucleaires a base d'uranium metallique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Englander, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1957-11-15

    In a power reactor destined to supply industrially recoverable thermal energy, the most economical source of heat still consists of natural metallic uranium. However, the nuclear fuel material, most often employed in the form of rods of 20 to 40 mm diameter, is subjected to a series of stresses which lead to irreversible distortions usually incompatible with the substructure of the reactor. As a result the fuel material must possess at the outset a certain number of qualities which must be determined. Investigations have therefore been carried out, first on the technological characters peculiar to each of the three allotropic phases of pure uranium metal, and on their interactions on the stabilisation of the material which consists of either cast uranium or uranium pile-treated in the {gamma} phase. (author) [French] Dans un reacteur de puissance destine a fournir de l'energie thermique industriellement recuperable, la source de chaleur la plus economique reste constituee par de l'uranium metallique naturel. Or, le materiau combustible nucleaire, employe le plus souvent sous forme de barreaux de 20 a 40 mm de diametre, se trouve soumis a un ensemble de contraintes qui provoque des deformations irreversibles, le plus souvent incompatibles avec l'infrastructure du reacteur. Par consequent, le materiau combustible doit presenter a l'origine un certain nombre de qualites qu'il est necessaire de determiner. Aussi a-t-on d'abord etudie les caracteres technologiques propres a chacune des trois phases allotropiques de l'uranium-metal pur et leurs interactions sur la stabilisation du materiau constitue soit par de l'uranium coule, soit par de l'uranium traite en pile en phase {gamma}. (auteur)

  7. Comprehensive measurements in 4 {pi} geometry for radio-active samples having a low {beta}-activity (1962); Ensemble de mesure'en geometrie 4 {pi} pour echantillons radioactifs de faible activite {beta} (1962)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Colomer, J; Valentin, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-07-01

    The realisation is described of a comprehensive measurement system having low background noise and, as well as a lead-wall protection, an electronic protection made up of a plastic scintillator placed in anticoincidence with the 4 {pi} counter used for making the measurements. The apparatus is described and its performance discussed. (authors) [French] Realisation d'un ensemble de mesures ayant un faible bruit de fond en utilisant en plus d'une protection par murs de Pb, une protection electronique constituee par un scintillateur plastique mis en ainticoincidence avec le compteur 4 {pi} utilise pour faire les mesures. L'appareillage est decrit et ses performances discutees. (auteurs)

  8. Low content uranium alloys for nuclear fuels; Alliages d'uranium a faible teneur pour elements combustibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aubert, H; Laniesse, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    A description is given of the structure and the properties of low content alloys containing from 0.1 to 0.5 per cent by weight of Al, Fe, Cr, Si, Mo or a combination of these elements. A study of the kinetics and of the mode of transformation has made it possible to choose the most satisfactory thermal treatment. An attempt has been made to prepare alloys suitable for an economical industrial development having a small {alpha} grain structure without marked preferential orientation, with very fine and stable precipitates as well as a high creep-resistance. The physical properties and the mechanical strength of these alloys are given for temperatures of 20 to 600 deg C. These alloys proved very satisfactory when irradiated in the form of normal size fuel elements. (authors) [French] Sont decrits la structure et les proprietes d'alliages a faible teneur, contenant de 0,1 a 0,5 pour cent en poids de Al, Fe, Cr, Si, Mo ou une combinaison de ces elements. L'etude des cinetiques et du mode de transformation permet de choisir le traitement thermique le plus favorable. On a cherche a mettre, au point des alliages se pretant a une mise en oeuvre industrielle economique et presentant une structure a petits grains {alpha}, sans orientation preferentielle marquee, avec des precipites tres fins et stables ainsi qu'une bonne resistance au fluage. Les proprietes physiques et la resistance mecanique de ces alliages sont decrites entre la temperature ambiante et 600 deg C. Irradies sous forme d'elements combustibles de dimensions normales, ces alliages ont montre un bon comportement. (auteurs)

  9. Le modele de Hubbard bidimensionnel a faible couplage: Thermodynamique et phenomenes critiques

    Science.gov (United States)

    Roy, Sebastien

    Une etude systematique du modele de Hubbard en deux dimensions a faible couplage a l'aide de la theorie Auto-Coherente a Deux Particules (ACDP) dans le diagramme temperature-dopage-interaction-sauts permet de mettre en evidence l'influence des fluctuations magnetiques sur les proprietes thermodynamiques du systeme electronique sur reseau. Le regime classique renormalise a temperature finie pres du dopage nul est marque par la grandeur de la longueur de correlation de spin comparee a la longueur thermique de de Broglie et est caracterisee par un accroissement drastique de la longueur de correlation de spin. Cette croissance exponentielle a dopage nul marque la presence d'un pic de chaleur specifique en fonction de la temperature a basse temperature. Une temperature de crossover est alors associee a la temperature a laquelle la longueur de correlation de spin est egale a la longueur thermique de de Broglie. C'est a cette temperature caracteristique, ou est observee l'ouverture du pseudogap dans le poids spectral, que se situe le maximum du pic de chaleur specifique. La presence de ce pic a des consequences sur l'evolution du potentiel chimique avec le dopage lorsque l'uniformite thermodynamique est respectee. Les contraintes imposees par les lois de la thermodynamique font en sorte que l'evolution du potentiel chimique avec le dopage est non triviale. On demontre entre autres que le potentiel chimique est proportionnel a la double occupation qui est reliee au moment local. Par ailleurs, une derivation de la fonction de mise a l'echelle de la susceptibilite de spin a frequence nulle au voisinage d'un point critique marque sans equivoque la presence d'un point critique quantique en dopage pour une valeur donnee de l'interaction. Ce point critique, associe a une transition de phase magnetique en fonction du dopage a temperature nulle, induit un comportement non trivial sur les proprietes physiques du systeme a temperature finie. L'approche quantitative ACDP permet de

  10. Preparation of small uranium hexafluoride samples in view of mass spectrometry analysis; Preparation de petits echantillons d'hexafluorure d'uranium en vue d'analyse spectrometrique de masse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Severin, Michel

    1958-07-01

    We have studied the preparation of uranium hexafluoride for the determination of the isotopic ratio {sup 235}U/{sup 238}U by means of a mass spectrometer. UF{sub 6} should be produced from an amount of raw material (metallic uranium or oxide) that should not exceed 0,1 g. Our method has a good yield (we have studied the rate of transformation) and gives samples which present a content of impurities (HF and SiF{sub 4}) low enough to enable correct isotopic measurements. The method which seemed the best uses the cobalt trifluoride as a fluorining agent. It is now in current use in the laboratories of mass spectrometry. (author) [French] Nous avons etudie la preparation de l'hexafluorure d'uranium en vue de la determination au spectrometre de masse du rapport isotopique {sup 235}U/{sup 238}U. L'hexafluorure d'uranium devait etre produit a partir d'une quantite de matiere premiere (uranium metallique ou oxyde) ne devant pas exceder 0,1 g. Nous avons mis au point une methode de preparation presentant un rendement eleve (etude du taux de transformation) et donnant des echantillons dont le taux d'impuretes (HF et SiF{sub 4}) est suffisamment faible pour permettre des mesures isotopiques correctes. La methode ayant donne le plus de satisfaction utilise le trifluorure de cobalt comme agent fluorant. Ce procede est maintenant couramment employe dans les laboratoires de spectrometrie de masse. (auteur)

  11. Contribution to the study of the production and properties of finely divided solids, prepared in a flame reactor (1960); Contribution a l'etude de procedes d'obtention et des proprietes des solides finement divises elabores dans un reacteur a flamme (1960)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cuer, J P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1960-04-15

    dispersion du milieu reactionnel soit modifiee. Le procede le plus aise a realiser semble etre la reaction dans un chalumeau oxhydrique. Lorsque les gaz du chalumeau contiennent un compose metallique volatil, il se produit dans la flamme a haute temperature une precipitation du solide finement divise sous forme d'oxyde. Des oxydes d'aluminium, de titane, de fer, de zirconium et de la silice dont les particules, de diametre tres homogene, ont la forme spherique, ont ete ainsi prepares. Les surfaces specifiques calculees a partir des diametres sur les photographies au microscope electronique sont en accord avec celles mesurees par l'adsorption d'azote a 195 deg. C. Les oxydes ainsi prepares ne possedent donc pas de porosite intense. Les proprietes et la taille des particules d'oxydes sont etudiees en fonction de differents parametres de fonctionnement du chalumeau, tels que temperature de la flamme et concentration en derive metallique volatil dans les gaz reactifs. Lorsque le chalumeau est alimente en particules d'oxydes de faible diametre, un tres net grossissement de celles-ci est observe. Les proprietes de ces preparations sont egalement examinees. (auteur)

  12. Low content uranium alloys for nuclear fuels; Alliages d'uranium a faible teneur pour elements combustibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aubert, H.; Laniesse, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    A description is given of the structure and the properties of low content alloys containing from 0.1 to 0.5 per cent by weight of Al, Fe, Cr, Si, Mo or a combination of these elements. A study of the kinetics and of the mode of transformation has made it possible to choose the most satisfactory thermal treatment. An attempt has been made to prepare alloys suitable for an economical industrial development having a small {alpha} grain structure without marked preferential orientation, with very fine and stable precipitates as well as a high creep-resistance. The physical properties and the mechanical strength of these alloys are given for temperatures of 20 to 600 deg C. These alloys proved very satisfactory when irradiated in the form of normal size fuel elements. (authors) [French] Sont decrits la structure et les proprietes d'alliages a faible teneur, contenant de 0,1 a 0,5 pour cent en poids de Al, Fe, Cr, Si, Mo ou une combinaison de ces elements. L'etude des cinetiques et du mode de transformation permet de choisir le traitement thermique le plus favorable. On a cherche a mettre, au point des alliages se pretant a une mise en oeuvre industrielle economique et presentant une structure a petits grains {alpha}, sans orientation preferentielle marquee, avec des precipites tres fins et stables ainsi qu'une bonne resistance au fluage. Les proprietes physiques et la resistance mecanique de ces alliages sont decrites entre la temperature ambiante et 600 deg C. Irradies sous forme d'elements combustibles de dimensions normales, ces alliages ont montre un bon comportement. (auteurs)

  13. Contribution to the study of nuclear fuel materials with a metallic uranium base; Contribution a l'etude des materiaux combustibles nucleaires a base d'uranium metallique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Englander, M. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1957-11-15

    In a power reactor destined to supply industrially recoverable thermal energy, the most economical source of heat still consists of natural metallic uranium. However, the nuclear fuel material, most often employed in the form of rods of 20 to 40 mm diameter, is subjected to a series of stresses which lead to irreversible distortions usually incompatible with the substructure of the reactor. As a result the fuel material must possess at the outset a certain number of qualities which must be determined. Investigations have therefore been carried out, first on the technological characters peculiar to each of the three allotropic phases of pure uranium metal, and on their interactions on the stabilisation of the material which consists of either cast uranium or uranium pile-treated in the {gamma} phase. (author) [French] Dans un reacteur de puissance destine a fournir de l'energie thermique industriellement recuperable, la source de chaleur la plus economique reste constituee par de l'uranium metallique naturel. Or, le materiau combustible nucleaire, employe le plus souvent sous forme de barreaux de 20 a 40 mm de diametre, se trouve soumis a un ensemble de contraintes qui provoque des deformations irreversibles, le plus souvent incompatibles avec l'infrastructure du reacteur. Par consequent, le materiau combustible doit presenter a l'origine un certain nombre de qualites qu'il est necessaire de determiner. Aussi a-t-on d'abord etudie les caracteres technologiques propres a chacune des trois phases allotropiques de l'uranium-metal pur et leurs interactions sur la stabilisation du materiau constitue soit par de l'uranium coule, soit par de l'uranium traite en pile en phase {gamma}. (auteur)

  14. The handling of plutonium hexafluoride (1962); Manipulation de l'hexafluorure de plutonium (1962)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Berard, Ph [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-11-15

    The major problem posed in this work is the instability of plutonium hexafluoride. The influence of various factors on the decomposition of the fluoride has been studied: physical aspect of the walls, nature of the metal and its pretreatment, influence of the temperature. A means of detecting plutonium-239 in a metallic apparatus by {gamma}-ray counting has been developed; the sensitivity is of the order of half a milligram, but the precision is very low (about 50 per cent). Yields of over 95 per cent have been obtained for the transfer of plutonium during the preparation and sublimation of the hexafluoride. This study confirms the possibility of using plutonium hexafluoride for the extraction of plutonium from irradiated fuel elements by a dry method. (author) [French] Le probleme majeur de cette etude a ete l'instabilite de l'hexafluorure de plutonium. Nous avons etudie l'influence de divers facteurs sur la decomposition de l'hexafluorure: aspect physique des parois, nature du metal et de son pretraitement, influence de la temperature. Nous avons mis au point un mode de detection du plutonium-239 dans un appareillage metallique par comptage du rayonnement {gamma}; la sensibilite est de l'ordre du demi-milligramme, mais la precision est tres faible (50 pour cent environ). Nous avons obtenu des rendements depassant 95 pour cent dans le transfert du plutonium au cours de la fabrication et de la sublimation de l'hexafluorure. Cette etude confirme la possibilite d'utiliser l'hexafluorure de plutonium dans l'extraction du plutonium des combustibles irradies par voie seche. (auteur)

  15. Study of the secondary electron emission during bombardment of metal targets by positive D{sup +} and D{sub 2}{sup +} ions (1960); Etude de l'emission secondaire d'electrons au cours du bombardement de cibles metalliques par des ions positifs D{sup +} et D{sub 2}{sup +} (1960)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leroy, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Prelec, K [Institut Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb (Croatia)

    1960-07-01

    The secondary electron yield {gamma}-bar due to primary positive ions D{sup +} and D{sup +}{sub 2} has been measured in the 70 keV to 300 keV ion energy range. Several metallic targets have been used. The variation of this yield with the angle of incidence is proportional to sec {theta} where {theta} is the angle between the beam of primary ions and the normal to the target surface. The values {gamma}-bar decrease for increasing energy ions. At a given energy all the targets tried gave approximately the same electron yield. (author) [French] Le facteur d'emission secondaire a ete mesure pour des ions positifs D{sup +} et D{sup +}{sub 2} ayant une energie comprise entre 70 keV et 300 keV, sur differentes cibles metalliques. La variation de ce facteur avec l'angle d'incidence suit une loi de la forme {gamma}{sub 0} sec {theta}, {theta} etant l'angle entre le faisceau et la normale a la cible. Les valeurs de {gamma}-bar trouvees decroissent lorsque l'energie des ions incidents augmente, mais sont assez voisines les unes des autres, a une energie donnee, pour les differentes cibles essayees. (auteur)

  16. Approche au diagnostic de la maladie cœliaque chez les patients ayant une faible densité minérale osseuse ou des fractures de fragilité

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rios, Lorena P.; Khan, Aliya; Sultan, Muhammad; McAssey, Karen; Fouda, Mona A.; Armstrong, David

    2013-01-01

    Résumé Objectif Présenter aux cliniciens une mise à jour sur le diagnostic de la maladie cœliaque (MC), ainsi que des recommandations sur les indications de procéder au dépistage de la MC chez les patients présentant une faible densité minérale osseuse (DMO) ou des fractures de fragilité. Qualité des données Un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire a élaboré des questions cliniquement pertinentes relativement au diagnostic de la MC servant de fondement à une recherche documentaire dans les bases de données MEDLINE, EMBASE et CENTRAL (de janvier 2000 à janvier 2009) à l’aide des mots clés en anglais celiac disease, osteoporosis, osteopenia, low bone mass et fracture. Les ouvrages scientifiques existants comportent des études de niveaux I et II. Message principal La prévalence estimée de la MC asymptomatique est de 2 % à 3 % chez les personnes qui ont une faible DMO. Par ailleurs, un dépistage ciblé est recommandé pour les patients qui ont des T-scores de −1,0 ou moins à la colonne vertébrale ou aux hanches ou des antécédents de fractures de fragilité associées à des symptômes ou à des problèmes reliés à la MC, des antécédents familiaux de MC ou de bas niveaux de calcium urinaire, une insuffisance en vitamine D et des niveaux à la hausse d’hormones parathyroïdiennes en dépit d’un apport suffisant en calcium et en vitamine D. Le dépistage de la MC devrait se faire pendant que le sujet consomme un régime alimentaire contenant du gluten. On procède au dépistage initial par le dosage d’immunoglobuline (Ig) A antitransglutaminase en utilisant la transglutaminase tissulaire humaine recombinante ou une autre transglutaminase tissulaire, en association avec l’immunofluorescence des IgA anti-endomysium. Une biopsie du duodénum est nécessaire pour confirmer le diagnostic de la MC. Le typage des antigènes des leucocytes humains peut aider à confirmer ou à exclure le diagnostic de la MC dans les cas où la s

  17. Contribution to the microwave characterisation of superconductive materials by means of sapphire resonators; Contribution a la caracterisation hyperfrequence de materiaux supraconducteurs par des resonateurs-saphirs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hanus, Xavier

    1993-12-06

    The objective of this research thesis is to find a compact resonant structure which would allow the residual surface impedance of superconductive samples to be simply, quickly and economically characterised. The author first explains why he decided to use a sapphire single-crystal as inner dielectric, given some performance reached by resonant structures equipped with such inner dielectrics, and given constraints adopted from the start. He explains the origin of microwave losses which appear in this type of resonant structure, i.e. respectively the surface impedance as far as metallic losses are concerned, and the sapphire dielectric loss angle for as far as dielectric losses are concerned. The experimental installation and the principle of microwave measurements are described. The performance of different possible solutions of resonant structures from starting criteria is presented. The solution of the cavity-sapphire with a TE{sub 011} resonant mode is derived [French] Le but de cette etude est de trouver une structure resonnante compacte permettant de caracteriser simplement, rapidement et economiquement l'impedance de surface residuelle d'echantillons supraconducteurs. Les contraintes de mise en oeuvre et les performances atteintes par des resonateurs avec saphirs synthetiques justifient le choix d'un tel dielectrique a faible angle de perte. L'evaluation des performances experimentales appuyee par des modelesanalytiques permet de rejeter differentes solutions. Ainsi les resonateurs fermes avec saphirs minces sont rejetes en raison des mauvais contacts metalliques. Les resonateurs ouverts avec saphirs minces et epais sont egalement rejetes, meme pour les modes de resonance en principe confines, en raison des pertes par rayonnement. La seule solution est donc d'utiliser une cavite-saphir TE{sub 011} qui offre une configuration de champs naturellement confines. Des mesures sur une premiere cavite en niobium massif ont permis de selectionner un saphir obtenu par

  18. Study of a preamplifier for the detection of weak impulses of neutrons from a critical medium (Proserpine) (1960); Etude d'un preamplificateur pour la detection d'impulsions faibles de neutrons issues d'un milieu critique (proserpine) (1960)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Agaisse, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1960-07-01

    In a critical experiment the small detection instruments supply weak impulses, and these must be brought outside the pile for counting. The important parameter is the ratio of the signal to the background. For the preamplifier studied in this report the background, considered at the input, is 12 micro-volts; a factor 2 is thus gained with respect to ordinary preamplifiers. (author) [French] Dans une experience critique, les appareils de detection, de petite taille, fournissent des impulsions faibles. Elles doivent etre transportees en dehors de la pile pour y etre comptees. Le rapport du signal au bruit de fond est le parametre important. Pour le preamplificateur etudie dans ce rapport, le bruit, ramene a l'entree est de 12 microvolts, ce qui permet de gagner un facteur 2 par rapport aux preamplificateurs usuels. (auteur)

  19. Approche écosystémique et fondements de l’intervention educative précoce en milieux socio- économiques faibles. Les conditions de la résilience scolaire

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Johanne Bédard

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Dans cet article, nous faisons état du rôle que l’adoption d’un discours fondé sur le modèle écosystémique a joué sur le plan de l’évolution des pratiques d’intervention éducative précoce auprès de l’enfant de milieu socio-économique faible et de sa famille. Nous situons les limites des interventions qui s’y réfèrent en démontrant la variabilité des fondements épistémologiques qui les orientent et leur impact spécifique sur la conception du rapport de l’enfant aux systèmes dans lesquels il transite. Nous terminons en identifiant les obstacles au développement d’une intervention de réseau, de nature écosystémique, fondée sur une lecture constructiviste du développement, notamment dans la structure même des curriculums préscolaires ainsi que dans la lecture que les intervenants font de la compétence de l’enfant de mséf ainsi que de celle de sa famille.

  20. Fission ionisation chamber for the measurement of low fluxes of slow neutrons; Chambre d'ionisation a fission pour la mesure des faibles flux de neutrons lents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Weill, J; Duchene, J P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The ionisation chamber described is designed for the measurement of slow neutron fluxes of average or low intensity, in the presence, eventually, of very high gamma fluxes. The capture of a slow neutron by a fissile material, in this case {sup 235}U, gives rise to fission fragments, high-energy particles which ionise the gas contained in the chamber. The neutrons are detected by virtue of the potential pulses, on the collecting electrode of the chamber, deriving from the collection of the ions produced by the fission fragments. The pulses are counted by means of a measuring system consisting of a preamplifier, a 2 Mc amplifier, a discriminator and an electronic scale with numerator or integrator. The general characteristics are as follows: sensitivity to neutrons: 0.07 kicks/n/cm{sup 2}.s, sensitivity to {gamma} rays: zero up to 3.10{sup 4} R/H, a background noise at the normal discrimination voltage: 0.01 kicks/s, working H.T.: -500 V, capacity: 40 {mu}{mu}F, average height of pulse: 8 mV, limits of use: from several neutrons to 10{sup 6} n/cm{sup 2}.s. This chamber may be used in all cases where low fluxes of slow neutrons must be measured, especially in the presence of high gamma fluxes, for example in the checking of Pu concentrations in an extraction plant or for the starting up of reactors. (author) [French] La chambre d'ionisation decrite est destinee a la mesure des flux de neutrons lents d'intensite moyenne ou faible, en presence eventuelle de flux gamma tres importants. La capture d'un neutron lent par un materiau fissile, en l'occurrence {sup 235}U, donne naissance a des fragments de fission, particules de grande energie qui ionisent le gaz contenu dans la chambre. Les neutrons sont detectes grace aux impulsions de potentiel, sur l'electrode collectrice de la chambre, provenant de la collection des ions produits par les fragments de fission. Une chaine de mesure comprenant un preamplificateur, un amplificateur 2 Mc, un discriminateur, une echelle

  1. Corrosion of metallic materials by uranium hexafluoride at high temperatures (1963); Corrosion de materiaux metalliques par l'hexafluorure d'uranium a haute temperature (1963)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Langlois, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1963-07-01

    trop rapidement pour pouvoir etre utilises au-dela de 500 deg. C, le monel et surtout le nickel paraissant seuls susceptibles de presenter une tenue acceptable aux hautes temperatures. L'etude detaillee du comportement du nickel met en evidence la volatilisation du fluorure metallique et son influence sur la vitesse de corrosion. D'autre part, elle revele l'existence d'une zone de temperature, comprise entre 550 et 700 deg. C dans laquelle se manifeste une Intense corrosion intergranulaire, dont la cause semble etre la presence d'impuretes au sein du metal. (auteur)

  2. Superconducting transition and low-field magnetoresistance of a niobium single crystal at 4.2 deg. K; Transition supraconductrice et magnetoresistance en champ faible d'un echantillon monocristallin de niobium a 4.2 deg. K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perriot, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires. Service de physique du solide et de resonnance magnetique

    1967-01-01

    We report the study of the electrical resistance of a niobium single crystal, at 4.2 deg. K, from the beginning of the superconductive transition to 80 kilo oersteds. Critical fieldsH{sub c2} and H{sub c3} have been determined. Influences on superconductive transition of current density, field-current angle, crystal orientation and magnetoresistance have been studied. Variation laws of low-field transverse and longitudinal magneto-resistances have been determined. (author) [French] La variation de la resistance electrique d'un monocristal cylindrique de niobium a ete etudiee, a 4,2 deg. K, depuis le debut de la transition supraconductrice jusqu'a 80 kilooersteds. Les champs critiques H{sub c2} et H{sub c3} ont ete determines. On a etudie l'influence de la densite de courant, de l'angle champ-courant, de l'anisotropie cristalline et de la magnetoresistance sur la transition supraconductrice. Les lois de variation des magnetoresistances transversale et longitudinale ont ete determinees dans le domaine des champs faibles. (auteur)

  3. New applications of radio-isotopes in France; Quelques nouvelles applications des radioelements en France

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leveque, P; Hours, R; Martinelli, P; May, S; Sandier, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Brillant, J [Societe Soletanche (France)

    1958-07-01

    By measuring the transmission of a flat beam of thermal neutrons, the moisture content of a parallelepiped shaped soil sample can be measured to {+-} 4 per cent and the moisture gradient along the longitudinal axis determined. The method permits the determination of chemically bound water and the measurement of diffusion coefficients of water into low hydrogenated materials. By measuring the intensity of fluorescence excited by 13 radiation it is possible to determine the thickness of metal coatings of less than 20 p. for metals of atomic number less than 40. This method has been applied to chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. By using a suitable metal filter it is possible to measure coating thicknesses of metals differing by only one atomic number from the supporting material. By employing labeled cement it is possible to determine the extent or movement of cement grout used for soil stabilization and waterproofing. The kinetic of ion exchange of different ultramarines in aqueous solutions were studied by tracing the movement of labeled ions in the solution or in the exchanger. Values of the diffusion coefficients and activation energies were determined from the exchange studies. (author)Fren. [French] La mesure de la transmission d'un faisceau plat de neutrons thermiques permet d'evaluer a {+-} 4 pour cent l'humidite d'un echantillon parallelepipedique de sol et d'en effectuer une exploration longitudinale systematique. La methode peut s'appliquer a la determination de l'eau de constitution ainsi qu'a la mesure des coefficients de diffusion de l'eau a travers des substances faiblement hydrogenees. En utilisant la fluorescence X excitee au moyen de rayons {beta} il est possible de mesurer des epaisseurs (< 20) de depots metalliques de faible numero atomique (Z < 40). Ces essais ont porte sur: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu et Zn. L'emploi d'ecrans metalliques convenables permet de mesurer l'epaisseur d'un metal dont le numero atomique differe de 1

  4. Contribution to the study of the fission-gas release in metallic nuclear fuels; Contribution a l'etude du degagement des gaz de fission dans les combustibles nucleaires metalliques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kryger, B [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1969-10-01

    le cas de l'uranium. On etablit pour chaque type de combustible une relation gonflement-degagement des gaz de fission. Les resultats suggerent la possibilite d'obtenir des performances elevees avec un combustible metallique destine a fonctionner dans les conditions d'un reacteur rapide. (auteur)

  5. Corrosion of metallic materials by uranium hexafluoride at high temperatures (1963); Corrosion de materiaux metalliques par l'hexafluorure d'uranium a haute temperature (1963)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Langlois, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1963-07-01

    precieux et l'inconel sont attaques beaucoup trop rapidement pour pouvoir etre utilises au-dela de 500 deg. C, le monel et surtout le nickel paraissant seuls susceptibles de presenter une tenue acceptable aux hautes temperatures. L'etude detaillee du comportement du nickel met en evidence la volatilisation du fluorure metallique et son influence sur la vitesse de corrosion. D'autre part, elle revele l'existence d'une zone de temperature, comprise entre 550 et 700 deg. C dans laquelle se manifeste une Intense corrosion intergranulaire, dont la cause semble etre la presence d'impuretes au sein du metal. (auteur)

  6. Very heavy iron-punching concretes; Betons tres lourds a base de riblons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dubois, F [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay(France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1966-07-01

    The present report deals with all the heavy iron-punching concretes, metallic wastes produced by the transformation industry. After a detailed description of the physical properties of metallic aggregates, a classification of heavy mortars is given, into three main categories: steel-shot grouts d = 5,3 - 6; steel-shot grouts mixed with a mineral d = 3,7 - 4,2; injection heavy grouts d = 3,5 - 4. The following chapter describes iron-punching concretes the most used in the atomic industry: iron-punching concretes mixed with cast-iron - iron-punching concretes mixed with magnetite; iron-punching concretes mixed with barite; iron-punching concretes mixed with limonite; iron-punching concretes mixed with boron. The compositions of these concretes are given together with their physical and mechanical characteristics. Numerous diagrams make it possible to find rapidly the proportions of the constituents of these concretes as a function of the required density. Technical advice and specifications are given in an appendix together with a bibliography of these heavy concretes. (author) [French] Le present rapport traite de l'ensemble des betons lourds realises a l'aide de riblons, dechets metalliques fournis par l'industrie de transformation. Apres une description detaillee des proprietes physiques des agregats metalliques, les mortiers lourds sont d'abord presentes en les classant en trois grandes categories: les mortiers a base de grenailles d 5,3 a 6; les mortiers a base de grenailles avec addition d'un mineral d 3,7 a 4,2; les mortiers lourds injectables d = 3,5 a 4. Le chapitre suivant decrit les betons a base de riblons les plus utilises, dans l'industrie atomique: les betons de riblons avec addition de fonte; les betons de riblons avec addition de magnetite; les betons de riblons avec addition de barytine; les betons de riblons avec addition de limonite; les betons de riblons avec addition de bore. Les compositions de ces betons ainsi que leurs caracteristiques

  7. Very heavy iron-punching concretes; Betons tres lourds a base de riblons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dubois, F. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay(France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1966-07-01

    The present report deals with all the heavy iron-punching concretes, metallic wastes produced by the transformation industry. After a detailed description of the physical properties of metallic aggregates, a classification of heavy mortars is given, into three main categories: steel-shot grouts d = 5,3 - 6; steel-shot grouts mixed with a mineral d = 3,7 - 4,2; injection heavy grouts d = 3,5 - 4. The following chapter describes iron-punching concretes the most used in the atomic industry: iron-punching concretes mixed with cast-iron - iron-punching concretes mixed with magnetite; iron-punching concretes mixed with barite; iron-punching concretes mixed with limonite; iron-punching concretes mixed with boron. The compositions of these concretes are given together with their physical and mechanical characteristics. Numerous diagrams make it possible to find rapidly the proportions of the constituents of these concretes as a function of the required density. Technical advice and specifications are given in an appendix together with a bibliography of these heavy concretes. (author) [French] Le present rapport traite de l'ensemble des betons lourds realises a l'aide de riblons, dechets metalliques fournis par l'industrie de transformation. Apres une description detaillee des proprietes physiques des agregats metalliques, les mortiers lourds sont d'abord presentes en les classant en trois grandes categories: les mortiers a base de grenailles d 5,3 a 6; les mortiers a base de grenailles avec addition d'un mineral d 3,7 a 4,2; les mortiers lourds injectables d = 3,5 a 4. Le chapitre suivant decrit les betons a base de riblons les plus utilises, dans l'industrie atomique: les betons de riblons avec addition de fonte; les betons de riblons avec addition de magnetite; les betons de riblons avec addition de barytine; les betons de riblons avec addition de limonite; les betons de riblons avec addition de bore. Les compositions de ces betons ainsi que

  8. Development of a semiconductor counter telescope with low background for the investigations of charged particles produced in reactions induced by neutrons; Realisation et mise au point d'un telescope a semi-conducteurs et a faible bruit-de-fond pour l'etude des reactions neutronsparticules chargees

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Helleboid, J M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1967-08-15

    A AE-E counter telescope for charged particles (p, d, t) produced in reactions with neutrons has been constructed. The semiconductor counter telescope method allows the investigations of two and three-body reactions {sup 6}Li(n,p), D(n,np)n induced by 14 MeV neutrons. By using a coincidence of associated alpha particle pulses with those ({delta}E,E) in the telescope, the background is considerably reduced for all angles outside the coincidence cone, i.e. larger than 15 deg. (L). For forward angles, the same telescope ({delta}E{sub 2}/E) plus a thin semiconductor ({delta}E{sub 1}) allows keeping a low background. The multiparameter analysing method ({delta}E{sub 1}, {delta}E{sub 2}, E) from the experimental range-energy data gives a linearity, an efficiency and an identifying power which are satisfactory. The identification is performed by differed time on a IBM 7044 computer. (author) [French] On a realise un spectrometre de particules chargees (p, d, t) avec identification des particules, pour l'etude des reactions neutrons-particules chargees. La methode du telescope a semi-conducteurs permet d'effectuer l'etude de reactions a deux corps [{sup 6}Li(n,p)] et de reactions a trois corps [D(n,pn)n] a 14 MeV. L'utilisation de la particule alpha associee en coincidence avec les impulsions ({delta}E,E) du telescope permet d'obtenir un bruit-de-fond tres faible pour tous les angles situes en dehors du cone de coincidence, c'est-a-dire superieurs a {approx_equal} 15 deg. (L). Pour les angles avant, le meme telescope ({delta}E{sub 2}/E) plus un semi-conducteur mince ({delta}E{sub 1}) permet de conserver un faible bruit-de-fond. La methode d'analyse multiparametrique ({delta}E{sub 1}, {delta}E{sub 2}, E) a partir des donnees experimentales parcours-energie, donne une linearite, une efficacite et un pouvoir d'identification satisfaisants. L'identification est effectuee en temps differe sur un calculateur numerique IBM 7044. (auteur)

  9. Superconducting transition and low-field magnetoresistance of a niobium single crystal at 4.2 deg. K; Transition supraconductrice et magnetoresistance en champ faible d'un echantillon monocristallin de niobium a 4.2 deg. K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perriot, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires. Service de physique du solide et de resonnance magnetique

    1967-01-01

    We report the study of the electrical resistance of a niobium single crystal, at 4.2 deg. K, from the beginning of the superconductive transition to 80 kilo oersteds. Critical fieldsH{sub c2} and H{sub c3} have been determined. Influences on superconductive transition of current density, field-current angle, crystal orientation and magnetoresistance have been studied. Variation laws of low-field transverse and longitudinal magneto-resistances have been determined. (author) [French] La variation de la resistance electrique d'un monocristal cylindrique de niobium a ete etudiee, a 4,2 deg. K, depuis le debut de la transition supraconductrice jusqu'a 80 kilooersteds. Les champs critiques H{sub c2} et H{sub c3} ont ete determines. On a etudie l'influence de la densite de courant, de l'angle champ-courant, de l'anisotropie cristalline et de la magnetoresistance sur la transition supraconductrice. Les lois de variation des magnetoresistances transversale et longitudinale ont ete determinees dans le domaine des champs faibles. (auteur)

  10. The use of radioactive inserts in the study of metal deformation during tube-making processes; Emploi de fils metalliques radioactifs pour l'etude des deformations des metaux pendant la fabrication de tubes; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh vtulok dlya izucheniya deformatsii metallov pri protsesse izgotovleniya trub; Empleo de insertos radiactivos en el estudio de la deformacion de los metales durante la fabricacion de tubos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Davison, W H.T. [Tube Investments Research Laboratories, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

    1962-01-15

    This paper reports on the use of radioactive inserts in studying the deformation of steel in hot rotary piercing for tube making. Iron or steel wires are activated in the pile, inserted in tubes drilled in iron or steel billets, which are then processed under normal production conditions. Careful monitoring shows that the radiation exposures and contamination of the plant are quite negligible. On cooling, the billets are scanned in the laboratory, using a collimated scintillationcounter mounted normal to the surface of the pierced billet, and isodose curves show the shape of the deformed insert normal to the tube surface. A similar scan of a section normal to the axis of the tube gives a second plot; from a combination of the two plots, a three-dimensional picture is obtained. Some results are quoted, but the main emphasis of the paper is on the experimental technique, which has quite general applicability to metal deformation studies. The insert must be located within a millimeter or thereabouts, for which a higher resolution is required than is normal in medical scanning techniques. The problems of achieving this are discussed in terms of {gamma}-energy, collimator design and energy discrimination. (author) [French] Le present memoire traite de l'emploi de fils metalliques radioactifs pour l'etude de la deformation de l'acier durant le forage rotatif a chaud en vue de la fabrication des tubes. Des fils de fer ou d'acier sont actives dans un reacteur et places dans des cavites tabulaires menagees a l'interieur de billettes de fer ou d'acier que l'on transforme ensuite dans les conditions de fabrication normales. Un controle radiologique minutieux montre que les dangers d'irradiation et de contamination dans l'usine sont pratiquement negligeables. Apres refroidissement, les billettes sont examinees en laboratoire au moyen d'un compteur a scintillations avec collimateur de faible ouverture, monte de facon que l'axe soit perpendiculaire a la surface de la billette

  11. Design and construction of a faraday cup for measuring small electron currents; Etudes et realisation d'une ''coupe de faraday'' pour les mesures de faibles courants electroniques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Veyssiere, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1967-07-01

    This paper describes the design of a device for measuring and integrating very small currents generated by the impact of a charged particle beam upon a Faraday cup. Part one considers the detector as such. The main component is a graphite bloc capable of stopping practically all the incident charges. Part two describes the associated electrode apparatus required to measure better than 10{sup -13} ampere with a precision- of 1 per cent: Integration of such weak currents over periods of several hours, in the presence of a strong background current, is also discussed. (author) [French] Ce rapport decrit l'etude et la realisation d'un ensemble permettant de mesurer et d'integrer sur des periodes de plusieurs heures des courants electroniques tres faibles provenant d'un faisceau de particules chargees, Dans la premiere partie du rapport nous etudierons le capteur proprement dit qui se compose essentiellement d'un bloc de graphite dont la forme et les dimensions sont telles, que la majeure partie des charges (positons et negatons de 60 MeV) est captee (1 pour mille reussissent a s'echapper). Dans la deuxieme partie nous decrivons l'appareillage associe au capteur capable de mesurer moins de 10{sup -13} ampere avec une precision de l'ordre du pour cent et d'integrer ce courant sur des periodes de temps variables, compte tenu de l'ambiance 'bruyante' (Accelerateur Lineaire) dans laquelle la mesure s'effectue. (auteur)

  12. High energy discharge through deuterium in a metal-lined torus; Decharges a forte intensite dans le deuterium dans un tore a parois metalliques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Andreoletti, J; Breton, C; Charon, J; Hubert, P; Jourdan, P; Vendryes, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The discharge chamber is an aluminium torus, measuring 80 cm (about 2'8'') large medium diameter and 8 cm (about 3'5'') small diameter. The torus contains a double disruption, formed by two isolating mantles, to prevent short-circuiting of the discharge by the metallic partitions. Openings have been provided for the purpose of studying the characteristics of the discharge by means of electro or magnetic sounding apparatus (double sounding type). A constant longitudinal field (maximum value of the order of 5000 gauss) can be established. One can also realize pre-ionization from the chamber gas by means of an H.F. generator (27 MHz). The energy for the generating of the discharge is drawn from a 31 condenser battery, forming a total of 62 {mu}F, 50 kV. The studies already accomplished, and those we anticipate chiefly bear upon the following points: 1) the starting off and intensity of current in the discharge as regards the following parameters: a) intensity and electric field, b) initial pressure of filling, c) intensity of the longitudinal magnetic field, d) pre-ionization, e) length of the isolating disruptions; 2) cinematographic study of the section of discharge in the course of time; 3) spectrographic study of the discharge; 4) research of electrons accelerated during the discharge; 5) research of electronic density, electronic temperature, and of longitudinal and azimuthal magnetic fields in the discharge as regards distance, at the center of column of the discharge and as regards time; 6) the use of micro-waves for the study of the characteristics of the discharge. (author)Fren. [French] La chambre a decharge est un tore en aluminium de 80 cm de grand diametre moyen et de 8 cm de petit diametre. Le tore comporte deux coupures formees par deux manchons isolants afin d'eviter un court-circuit de la decharge par les parois metalliques. Des orifices sont prevus pour etudier les caracteristiques de la decharge au moyen de sondes electriques (type double

  13. Catalysis under Irradiation in the Presence of Non-Metallic Solids; Catalyse sous irradiation en presence de solides non metalliques; Radiatsionnyj kataliz pri nalichii'nemetallicheskikh tverdykh tel; Radiocatalisis en presencia de solidos no metalicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Coekelbergs, R.; Crucq, A.; Decot, J.; Degols, L.; Frennet, A.; Lienard, G.; Timmerman, L. [Laboratoire de Chimie Nucleaire, Institut Interuniversitaire des Sciences Nucleaires et Ecole Royale Militaire, Bruxelles (Belgium)

    1963-11-15

    Catalytic processes induced by radiation in the presence of non-metallic solids are discussed, attention being given exclusively to the effects associated with modification of the steady state concentration of charge carriers. The effect of such modification on the kinetics and equilibrium of heterogeneous reactions is quantitatively estimated within the framework of the electronic theory of catalysis, due regard being paid to the electronic characteristics of the surface of the solid. In conclusion, the relationship between these phenomena, catalyst activation and transfer of energy, as previously described, is discussed. (author) [French] Les auteurs discutent des processus catalytiques induits par les radiations en presence de solides non metalliques. Ils considerent exclusivement les effets lies a la modification de la concentration stationnaire des porteurs de charge.- L'influence de cette modification sur la cinetique et l'equilibre des reactions heterogenes est evaluee quantitativement dans le cadre de la theorie electronique de la catalyse et en tenant compte de caracteristiques electroniques de la surface du solide. Enfin, ils discutent la relation existant entre ces phenomenes, l'activation des catalyseurs et le transfert d'energie decrits anterieurement. (author) [Spanish] Los autores examinan los procesos cataliticos inducidos por las radiaciones en presencia de solidos no metalicos. Consideran exclusivamente los efectos vinculados con la modificacion de la concentracion estacionaria de los portadores de carga. Sobre la base de la teoria electronica de la catalisis y teniendo en cuenta las caracteristicas electronicas de la superficie del solido, determinan cuantitativamente la influencia de aquella modificacion sobre la cinetica y el equilibrio de las reacciones heterogeneas. Por ultimo, analizan la relacion que existe entre estos fenomenos, la activacion de los catalizadores y la transmision de energia descritas anteriormente. (author) [Russian

  14. Transistor precision pulse-shaper with short recovery time; Dispositif de haute precision pour la mise en forme des impulsions, a transistors et a faible temps de recuperation; Tranzistornyj tochnyj formirovatel' impul'sov s korotkim vremenem vosstanovleniya; Formador de impulsos de precision, transistorizado, de corto tiempo de recuperacion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lotto, I De [European Atomic Energy Community, CCR, Ispra (Italy)

    1962-04-15

    A pulse-shaper with a short recovery time is very often necessary in nuclear electronics. The pulse-shaper which has the lowest recovery time is the one-shot multivibrator with RC timing-network. This type of timing network and the influence of transistor characteristics on the performance of this circuit are analysed. Some circuit modifications are suggested for obtaining (1) a pulse-width precision better than 2% without the need for individual adjustments and (2) a pulse-width stability better than 1% over a 20{sup o}C temperature range. The circuit is so designed that use is allowed of transistors with a low base-emitter inverse-voltage like that of most of the fastest types. (author) [French] Un dispositif de mise en forme des impulsions, a faible temps de recuperation, est frequemment indispensable en electronique nucleaire. Le dispositif ayant le temps de recuperation le plus faible est le multivibrateur a un seul coup muni d'un systeme de synchronisation RC. L'auteur analyse ce systeme de synchronisation et les effets des caracteristiques des transistors sur le rendement du circuit. Il propose d'apporter au circuit certaines modifications en vue d'obtenir: 1{sup o} une largeur d'impulsion d'une precision superieure a 2% sans qu'il soit necessaire de proceder a divers ajustements, et 2{sup o} une largeur d'impulsion d'une stabilite superieure a 1% sur une gamme de temperature de 20{sup o}C. Le circuit est concu de telle maniere qu'il permet d'utiliser, comme pour les circuits ultra-rapides, des transistors a tension inverse base-emetteur faible. (author) [Spanish] En electronica nuclear es a menudo necesario un formador de impulsos de corto periodo de recuperacion. El formador de impulsos de periodo de recuperacion mas breve es el univibrador con periodo determinado por una RC. Se estudia este circuito y la influencia de las caracteristicas de los transistores en su funcionamiento. Se sugieren algunas modificaciones para obtener 1) una precision en la

  15. Plutonium, nuclear fuel; Le plutonium, combustible nucleaire

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grison, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay

    1960-07-01

    A review of the physical properties of metallic plutonium, its preparation, and the alloys which it forms with the main nuclear metals. Appreciation of its future as a nuclear fuel. (author) [French] Apercu sur les proprietes physiques du plutonium metallique, sa preparation, ses alliages avec les principaux metaux nucleaires. Consideration sur son avenir en tant que combustible nucleaire. (auteur)

  16. Construction of an apparatus for nuclear orientation measurements at low temperatures. Application to neodymium-cobalt alloy; Realisation d'un appareil pour des mesures d'orientation nucleaire a basse temperature. Application a l'alliage neodyme-cobalt

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mayer, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1965-10-01

    We describe experiments along which has been studied the anisotropy of {gamma} radiations emitted by oriented nuclei. We have used the great hyperfine fields acting on nuclei in ferromagnetic metals so as to produce alignment at low temperature. By irradiation we obtained a few cobalt 60 nuclei in our samples which were then cooled down to 0,01 K. The anisotropic rate of the 1,33 MeV {gamma} radiation was measured in function of the sample temperature, using as thermometer the anisotropy of {gamma} radiation emitted by cobalt 60 nuclei in a cobalt single crystal. Cobalt 60 was lined up in a cobalt nickel alloy (40% Ni). The hyperfine field at the cobalt was measured compared to the effective field in metallic cobalt: Heff(Co Ni)/Heff(Co metal) = 0.71 {+-} 0.12. These results are in good agreement with specific heat measurements made previously. Cobalt 60 has been polarised in a neodymium-cobalt alloy (NdCo{sub 5}). The field at the cobalt in NdCo{sub 5} has been measured compared to the field in metallic cobalt and taking the non-saturation into account we found 165000 oersteds < Heff(NdCo{sub 5}) < 220000 oersteds. (author) [French] Nous decrivons des experiences au cours desquelles nous avons etudie l'anisotropie de rayonnements {gamma} emis par des noyaux orientes. Nous avons utilise les grands champs hyperfins agissant sur las noyaux dans les metaux ferromagnetiques pour produire l'alignement a basse temperature. Par irradiation nous avons obtenu quelques noyaux de cobalt 60 dans nos echantillons qui furent ensuite refroidis a 0,01 K. Le degre d'anisotropie du rayonnement {gamma} de 1,33 MeV fut mesure en fonction de la temperature de l'echantillon en utilisant l'anisotropie du rayonnement {gamma} de noyaux de cobalt 60 dans un monocristal de cobalt metallique utilise comme thermometre. Le cobalt 60 a ete aligne dans un alliage de cobalt-nickel (40% Ni). Le champ hyperfin au niveau du cobalt a ete mesure par rapport au champ effectif dans le cobalt metallique

  17. Dimensionnement des actionneurs électriques alimentés à fréquence variable sous faible tension

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biedinger, J.-M.; Vilain, J.-P.

    1999-09-01

    In Part I we present a multidisciplinary analysis model for the prediction of functional connections between the design variables and the electromagnetical, electrical and thermal performances of a brushless permanent magnet motor. In this paper we have elaborated a design methodology for electrical motors supplied from a variable-frequency low-voltage source. The objective is to take into account the influence of the inverter's dynamics from the beginning of the design, for the same reasons as we do for electromechanical and thermal constraints. The procedure is based on a Sequential Quadratic Programming optimization method. Two techniques are used to take into account the influence of the inverter: the first one develops the performance analysis with the multidisciplinary model; the second one considers the inverter's current reference as a supplementary optimization variable for the control of the design. Optimization difficulties linked to the chopping of the converter are discuted in connection with a sensitivity analysis of the torque, with respect to the inverter's current reference; a method is proposed to enhance the performances of the algorithm. The method has been applied to the design of a permanent magnet brushless DC motor used in the propulsion system of an electrical scooter; evolution of the design with the complexity level of analysis model is evidenced. Dans une première partie nous avons développé un modèle d'analyse pluridisciplinaire qui établissait les dépendances fonctionnelles entre les variables de conception et les performances magnéto-électro-thermiques d'un moteur brushless à aimants permanents. Dans cet article nous décrivons une procédure de dimensionnement adaptée à la conception de la machine alimentée à fréquence variable sous faible tension. L'objectif est d'intégrer la dynamique du convertisseur électronique dès la phase initiale du dimensionnement, au même titre que les spécifications

  18. High vacuum high temperature x-ray camera (1961); Chambre de diffraction de rayons x a haute temperature sous vide pousse (1961)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baron, J L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-07-01

    - This camera makes it possible to carry out X-ray studies on highly oxidisable materials, up to about 900 deg. C. Most of the existing models do not provide sufficient protection against the formation of surface oxide or carbide films on the sample. The present arrangement makes it possible to operate at very low pressures: 5 x 10{sup -8} to 10{sup -7} torr, thanks to an entirely metallic apparatus. The radiation heating system consists of an incandescent lamp, outside the evacuated portion, and a reflector which concentrates the energetic flux into the sample through a silica window. The heated parts have thus only a small thermal inertia. With the apparatus it has been possible to determine the phase parameters of uranium-{alpha} up to 650 deg. C with a precision of {+-} 0.0015 A. A similar study has been carried out on a uranium-chromium alloy in the {beta}-phase up to 740 deg. C. (author) [French] Cette chambre permet l'etude, par diffraction de rayons X, de materiaux tres oxydables, ceci jusqu'a 900 deg. C environ. La plupart des modeles existant a l'heure actuelle n'assurent pas une protection suffisante de l'echantillon contre la formation de films superficiels d'oxydes ou de carbures. La disposition d'ensemble permet d'operer sous des pressions tres basses: 5.10{sup -8} a 10{sup -7} torr, grace a une construction entierement metallique. Le systeme de chauffage par rayonnement associe une lampe a incandescence, exterieure a l'enceinte sous vide, et un reflecteur, qui concentre le flux energetique sur l'echantillon, a travers un hublot de silice. Les pieces echauffees ne presentent ainsi qu'une faible inertie thermique. L'appareil a permis la determination des parametres de l'uranjum en phase a, jusqu'a 650 deg. C, avec une precision de {+-} 0,0015 A. Une etude similaire a ete effectuee sur un alliage uranium-chrome, en phase {beta}, jusqu'a 740 deg. C. (auteur)

  19. Integrator drawer with pre-adjusted time for the study of decay of very low activity sources; Tiroir integrateur a temps preregle pour l'etude de decroissance des sources de tres faible activite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Couly, J. P.

    1962-07-01

    The author presents a drawer which can be adapted on standard counting assemblies to control the decay of very low activity sources such as samples aimed at atmospheric control. The operation principle relies on charging a tank capacitor with pulses received from a sensor. The resulting voltage is measured by a high input resistance circuit, and then recorded. The tank capacitor is periodically discharged by pulses from a time base circuit. The recording appears under the form of rays. Their length corresponds to the counting rate and the extremity envelope represents the source activity decay curve as a function of time [French] Ce tiroir, pouvant s'adapter sur les ensembles de comptage standards, permet de suivre la decroissance de sources radioactives de tres faible activite (de l'ordre de 10{sup -9} curie) tels que les prelevements de controle atmospherique. Le principe de fonctionnement consiste a charger un condensateur reservoir avec les impulsions recues du detecteur, et prealablement mises en forme. La tension resultante est mesuree par un circuit a grande resistance d'entree puis enregistree a l'aide d'un enregistreur MECI monovoie. Le condensateur reservoir est decharge periodiquement par des impulsions provenant d'un circuit de base de temps. L'enregistrement apparait sous la forme de traits, leur longueur correspond au taux de comptage et l'enveloppe de leur extremite represente la courbe de decroissance de l'activite de la source en fonction du temps. (auteur)

  20. OCEANEXPO 󈨔 Bordeaux, France.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1980-03-31

    development and the creation of coastal industrial complexes . c. Protection of coastal sites--talks were on protection of the natural environment and...port complex , especially coastal navigation aids. 7. The Southeast Asian Countries. Chaired by the unlikely personage of a zoology instructor from UK’s...collected in a container which can be tipped into a trailer (see Figure 2 below). TAPIS METALLIQUE GRILLAGE BATTEUR SCREEN CONVEYORR BATIDOR METALICO

  1. Solubility of metallic mercury in organic solvents; Solubilite du mercure metallique dans les solvants organiques; Rastvorimost' metallicheskoj rtuti v organicheskikh rastvoritelyakh; Solubilidad del mercurio metalico en solventes organicos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klehr, E H; Voigt, A F [Institute for Atomic Research and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States)

    1962-03-15

    The solubilities of metallic mercury at 25{sup o}C in the solvents carbon tetrachloride, 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane, n-decane, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene and bromobenzene have been determined by the use of Hg{sup 203} tracer. Measurements were made either by shaking mercury metal of known specific activity with the solvent, or by measuring the distribution coefficient of the metal between the solvent and water and combining this measurement with the solubility of mercury in water, or by both methods. Radioactivity was measured by counting precipitated samples with a GM counter or liquid aliquots with a well-type scintillator counter. All solubilities were in the range (4.6 to 16) x 10{sup -6} g atoms/l. For n-decane, toluene and chlorobenzene, the temperature dependence of the solubility was determined over the range 0 to 45{sup o}C. The Hildebrand-Scott theory of solubility has been applied to these systems for comparison. For the aliphatic hydrocarbons, the solubilities predicted by theory are within 35% of those observed, but for the other solvents, the predicted values are 4 to 18 times larger than those observed. Modification of the theory gives better agreement for some solvents but poorer agreement for others. Curves of log G (solubility) vs. 1/T were straight lines with slopes similar to those obtained from the Hildebrand-Scott theory but displaced from those curves. The slopes of the curves were used for the calculation of heats and entropies of solution. Entropies were also calculated from curves of log G vs. log T. The two sets of entropy values were in agreement with each other and were within one to four entropy units of the ideal entropies of mixing. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont determine la solubilite du mercure metallique a 25{sup o}C dans les solvants suivants: tetrachlorure de carbone, trimethylpentane 2, 2, 4, n-decane, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene et bromobenzene en utilisant le mercure-203 comme

  2. Etat des lieux sur l'entrepreneuriat feminin dans la wilaya de Djelfa ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Abstract. En Algérie, l'entrepreneuriat féminin est faible malgré la politique volontariste de l'Etat pour booster l'activité féminine qui se trouve être la plus faible dans le Maghreb. Seulement 5 % des ... et la gestion de leur projet. Mots clefs: Entreprenariat féminin, Djelfa, Investissement, Micro crédit, Développement social ...

  3. The life of some metallic uranium based fuel elements; Duree de vie de quelques combustibles a base d'uranium metal

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stohr, J A; Englander, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    Description of some theoretical and experimental data concerning the design and most economic preparation of metallic uranium based fuel elements, which are intended to produce an energy of 3 kW days/g of uranium in a thermal reactor, at a sufficiently high mean temperature. Experimental results obtained by testing by analogy or by actually trying out fuel elements obtained by alloying uranium with other metals in proportions such that the resistance to deformation of the alloy produced is much higher than that of pure metallic uranium and that the thermal utilisation factor is only slightly different from that of the uranium. (author) [French] Description de quelques donnees theoriques et experimentales concernant la conception et la preparation la plus economique d'elements combustibles a base d'uranium metallique naturel, destines a degager dans un reacteur thermique une energie de l'ordre de 3 kWj/g d'uranium a une temperature moyenne suffisamment elevee. Resultats experimentaux acquis par tests analogiques ou reels sur combustibles obtenus par alliage de l'uranium avec des elements metalliques en proportions telles que la resistance a la deformation soit bien superieure a celle de l'uranium metal pur et que le facteur propre d'utilisation thermique n ne soit que peu affecte. (auteur)

  4. Conseils subventionnaires de la recherche scientifique : un examen ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La façon dont les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu intermédiaire financent la science publique a un effet direct sur la capacité des chercheurs de produire des connaissances et sur la manière dont les organismes tiennent compte de ces connaissances et les utilisent. Même si certains pays à faible revenu et pays à ...

  5. Perspectives d'amélioration du rendement à très faible charge des moteurs d'automobile Prospects for Lmprovinq the Very-Low-Load Efficiency of Automotive Engines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Douaud A.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Le mauvais rendement énergétique des véhicules utilisés à très faible charge (circulation urbaine, vitesses limitées provient entre autres des combustions non optimales. Celles-ci sont de plusieurs types : combustion lente et/ou tardive, ratés de propagation. L'acquisition de cycles de pression au moyen du système DIGITAP développé à l'In-titut Français du Pétrole (IFP est décrite et le calcul instantané du travail cycle-à-cycle permet de définir un critère de stabilité de fonctionnement du moteur. L'analyse thermodynamique des cycles montre que la composition du mélange air + carburant + gaz résiduels, trop proche des limites de propagabilité de flamme, est à l'origine des phénomènes observés. Des voies d'action portant sur les gaz résiduels, la turbulence et les paramètres du système d'allumage sont dégagées et permettent des améliorations importantes du rendement. The poor energy efficiency of vehicles used at very low engine load (urban traffic, limited speeds comes from non-optimum combustion, among other causes. Such combustion may be of several types, i. e. slow and/or late combustion, propagation misfiring. The recording of pressure cycles by the DIGITAP system developed at Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP is described, and the instantaneous computing of the cycle-to-cycle work enables a stability criterion for engine operating to be described. The thermodynamic analysis of the cycles shows that the composition of the air + fuel + residuel gas mixture which is too close to flame propagation limits is at the origin of the phenomena observed. Methods of action concerning residual gases, turbulence and the parameters of the ignition system are determined and make for great improvements in efficiency and stability for such types of running.

  6. 2146-IJBCS-Article-Dr Tedonkeng Fernand

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    chaumes de maïs (Devun et al., 2011 ; CNC,. 2012 ; Matumuini et al., 2014). Les ingestions de MS, de MO et des parois cellulaires ont été faibles avec la ration. CM28+M0 quelle que soit l'espèce. Cela serait lié à la faible prolifération des microbes du rumen dû à l'absence de glucides hautement fermentescibles et dont la.

  7. Oxygen titration in sodium. The mercury method and its use for very low values; Dosage de l'oxygene dans le sodium. La methode au mercure : son utilisation dans le cas de tres faibles teneurs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Champeix, L; Darras, R; Duflo, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The mercury method for the oxygen titration in sodium has now been known for ten years and is probably the more frequently used. In this text, precision are given to what extent it is valuable when used in microanalysis. Details are given on the apparatus, its manipulation and its calibration. After testing, we have decided to use flame spectroscopy to titrate the sodium hydroxide formed. Discussions are exposed on the errors due to the presence of sodium chloride and calcium. Results are examined from the point of view of their reproducibility and accuracy. If great care is taken, this method allows oxygen titration in sodium even for values below 10 ppm with satisfactory precision. (author) [French] La methode au mercure pour le dosage de l'oxygene dans le sodium est connue depuis une dizaine d'annees, elle est probablement la plus utilisee. Nous avons voulu preciser dans quelle mesure elle etait valable dans le domaine des faibles teneurs avec une precision acceptable. Nous decrivons en detail l'appareil utilise pour l'analyse, le mode operatoire et la methode d'etalonnage. Nos essais nous ont conduit a adopter la spectrographie de flamme pour le dosage de la soude formee, les erreurs introduites par la presence de chlorure de sodium et de calcium sont discutes. Les resultats obtenus sont examines du point de vue de la reproductibilite, de la justesse. Moyennant un mode operatoire tres soigne, cette methode permet le dosage de l'oxygene dans le sodium, meme a des teneurs inferieures a 10 ppm avec une precision satisfaisante. (auteur)

  8. Influence of Low Molecular Weight Polymers on the Rheology of Bentonite Suspensions Influence de polymères de faible masse moléculaire sur la rhéologie de suspensions de bentonite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rossi S.

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available In this communication we demonstrate how relatively low molecular weight synthetic polymers significantly alter the rheological properties of Bentonite/water suspensions depending upon the polymer dosage and/or degree of surface coverage on the clay particle. The behaviour of two types of nonionic polymers are reported; a series of nonylphenol poly(propylene oxide poly(ethylene oxide polymers with varying EO chain length and a series consisting of an ABA block copolymer of poly(propylene oxide-poly(ethylene oxide with varying EO chain length. Adsorption isotherms of dilute clay suspensions showed a higher uptake of the lowest molecular weight polymer (in µmol/m² for each series. The adsorbed amount G increases in the order NPE > PEO > PE. The oscillatory shear and steady state shear stress-shear rate measurements of concentrated clay suspensions (3-6% w/v facilitate the interpretation of the particle-particle interactions. The yield stress, plastic viscosity and elastic modulus showed a maximum at about 50% surface coverage by the NPE polymers, and a subsequent decrease due to stabilisation of the suspension. For the PE polymers these parameters continously decreased as the surface of the clay particle was covered. Scaling of the elastic modulus with increasing clay content allows the determination of the exponent n from a power-law fit G = Kon which qualitatively describes the degree of dispersion for the different polymers. Preliminary results of the effect of temperature and pressure on Bentonite/polymer suspensions are also presented. Dans cette communication, nous démontrons comment les polymères synthétiques de masse moléculaire relativement faible modifient notablement les propriétés rhéologiques de suspensions de bentonite dans l'eau en fonction de polymère et/ou du degré de couverture superficielle de la particule d'argile. Les comportements de deux types de polymères non ioniques sont décrits: une série de polymères

  9. L’Application des Codes de Costas et des Codes a Congruences Quadratiques a la Compression d’Impulsion Numerique (The Application of Cost, Codes and Quadratic Congruence Codes to the Compression of Numeric Impulsion)

    Science.gov (United States)

    1991-12-01

    de produire des diagrammes d’ambigult& en forme de punaise avec de faibles lobes...particularit& de produire des diagrammes d’ambiguiLt6 en forme de punaise tout en ayant de faibles lobes secondaires. Ce rapport traite des diff6rentes m6thodes...les codes de Costas, les r~sultats obtenus mantrent que les codes de Golomb of frent de mains bonnes possibi- lit ~s que les codes de Welch pour

  10. evaluation de la fertilite femelle des arabusta par le niveau de ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Les hybrides Arabusta sont caractérisés par une faible fertilité exprimée par des taux de caracolis élevés et des taux de loges vides importants induisant des productivités faibles. Pour une stratégie plus efficiente des sélections, il est important de connaître les niveaux de fertilité femelle des différents types de caféiers ...

  11. Methods of X-ray CT image reconstruction from few projections; Methodes de reconstruction d'images a partir d'un faible nombre de projections en tomographie par rayons X

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, H.

    2011-10-24

    To improve the safety (low dose) and the productivity (fast acquisition) of a X-ray CT system, we want to reconstruct a high quality image from a small number of projections. The classical reconstruction algorithms generally fail since the reconstruction procedure is unstable and suffers from artifacts. A new approach based on the recently developed 'Compressed Sensing' (CS) theory assumes that the unknown image is in some sense 'sparse' or 'compressible', and the reconstruction is formulated through a non linear optimization problem (TV/l1 minimization) by enhancing the sparsity. Using the pixel (or voxel in 3D) as basis, to apply the CS framework in CT one usually needs a 'sparsifying' transform, and combines it with the 'X-ray projector' which applies on the pixel image. In this thesis, we have adapted a 'CT-friendly' radial basis of Gaussian family called 'blob' to the CS-CT framework. The blob has better space-frequency localization properties than the pixel, and many operations, such as the X-ray transform, can be evaluated analytically and are highly parallelizable (on GPU platform). Compared to the classical Kaisser-Bessel blob, the new basis has a multi-scale structure: an image is the sum of dilated and translated radial Mexican hat functions. The typical medical objects are compressible under this basis, so the sparse representation system used in the ordinary CS algorithms is no more needed. 2D simulations show that the existing TV and l1 algorithms are more efficient and the reconstructions have better visual quality than the equivalent approach based on the pixel or wavelet basis. The new approach has also been validated on 2D experimental data, where we have observed that in general the number of projections can be reduced to about 50%, without compromising the image quality. (author) [French] Afin d'ameliorer la surete (faible dose) et la productivite (acquisition rapide) du

  12. Thermic decomposition of biphenyl; Decomposition thermique du biphenyle

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lutz, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1966-03-01

    Liquid and vapour phase pyrolysis of very pure biphenyl obtained by methods described in the text was carried out at 400 C in sealed ampoules, the fraction transformed being always less than 0.1 per cent. The main products were hydrogen, benzene, terphenyls, and a deposit of polyphenyls strongly adhering to the walls. Small quantities of the lower aliphatic hydrocarbons were also found. The variation of the yields of these products with a) the pyrolysis time, b) the state (gas or liquid) of the biphenyl, and c) the pressure of the vapour was measured. Varying the area and nature of the walls showed that in the absence of a liquid phase, the pyrolytic decomposition takes place in the adsorbed layer, and that metallic walls promote the reaction more actively than do those of glass (pyrex or silica). A mechanism is proposed to explain the results pertaining to this decomposition in the adsorbed phase. The adsorption seems to obey a Langmuir isotherm, and the chemical act which determines the overall rate of decomposition is unimolecular. (author) [French] Du biphenyle tres pur, dont la purification est decrite, est pyrolyse a 400 C en phase vapeur et en phase liquide dans des ampoules scellees sous vide, a des taux de decomposition n'ayant jamais depasse 0,1 pour cent. Les produits provenant de la pyrolyse sont essentiellement: l' hydrogene, le benzene, les therphenyles, et un depot de polyphenyles adherant fortement aux parois. En plus il se forme de faibles quantites d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques gazeux. On indique la variation des rendements des differents produits avec la duree de pyrolyse, l'etat gazeux ou liquide du biphenyle, et la pression de la vapeur. Variant la superficie et la nature des parois, on montre qu'en absence de liquide la pyrolyse se fait en phase adsorbee. La pyrolyse est plus active au contact de parois metalliques que de celles de verres (pyrex ou silice). A partir des resultats experimentaux un mecanisme de degradation du biphenyle en phase

  13. Titanium Diboride Electrodeposited Coatings

    Science.gov (United States)

    1977-06-01

    4 Ti02. This material was deposited in the form of a porous mass or loose particles which must be leached in water and acid to remove adherent...poudres metallique par electrolyse ignee. Revue de Metallurgie, v. 45, 1948, p. 49-59. 7. POWELL, C. F. Borides in High Temperature Materials and... water solution of thallium formate-thallium malonate 50-50 mole percent mixture with a density ranging from about 5 g/cm^ at the bottom to about 2 g/cm

  14. Contribution to the study of hard, low-density pyrolytic carbons; Contribution a l'etude des carbones pyrolytiques de variete dure et de faible densite

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boutin, F R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1967-07-01

    'ordre de quelques microns, formes par un empilement de lamelles de carbone de faible dimension, enchevetrees les unes dans les autres et presentant entre elles une orientation preferentielle. C'est la diversite d'orientation des domaines qui determine la desorientation generale du depot. Nous pensons qu'elle est provoquee par l'introduction de particules, peu differentes d'un noir thermique, dont la presence a ete mise en evidence a l'aide du microscope electronique. La densite et la durete du depot sont liees a l'enchevetrement des lamelles, enchevetrement qui cree une porosite fermee et un blocage du glissement des couches atomiques. (auteur)

  15. Application du groupe de renormalisation aux conducteurs organiques quasi-unidimensionnels soumis a un champ magnetique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hubert, Laurent

    Des conducteurs organiques fortement anisotropes presentent, sous l'effet d'un champ magnetique, une etonnante variete de proprietes physiques tel que: l'effet Shubnikov-de Haas, l'effet de Haas-van-Alphen, l'existence de cascades d'ondes de densite de spin apparentees a l'effet Hall quantique, reentrance vers la phase metallique pouvant provenir d'un 'breakdown' magnetique, et tout recemment la possibilite d'un confinement charge induit par le champ magnetique. A cela s'ajoute les nombreuses caracteristiques deja apparues en variant la pression hydrostatique ou la substitution chimique: separation spin-charge, localisation de la charge, transition spin-Peierls, antiferromagnetisme itinerant ou non, supraconductivite, et l'existence d'une frontiere commune entre les phases supraconductrice et antiferromagnetique. En vue de completer la description theorique du diagramme de phase generalise des conducteurs organiques, nous adaptons et elargissons la methode du groupe de renormalisation quantique (GRQ) au cas ou le champ magnetique est non nul. On sait deja que cette methode permet de resoudre le dilemme tout particulier des composes Q-1D, soit leur capacite de produire des transitions de phase malgre leur forte anisotropie et consequemment de leur faible dimensionalite. Cette methode est deja utilisee pour decrire le diagramme de phase temperature versus pression des sels de Bechgaard, de leurs analogues souffres et mixtes. Le GRQ permet aussi de comprendre comment des systemes anisotropes comme les conducteurs organiques peuvent se comporter comme des liquides de Luttinger a haute temperature et comme des liquides de Fermi ou condenses a basse temperature. Nous montrons que l'introduction d'un champ magnetique dans un regime de saut coherent interchai ne a deux particules n'apporte que de simples corrections aux lois d'echelles dans le canal zero son, alors qu'il introduit un mecanisme de brisure de paire dans le canal Cooper. Dans le regime de saut coherent a une

  16. Niger Republic Mineral Planning : Part IV - first volume : Main mineral substances specific study and their geological context; Plan Mineral de la Republique du Niger : Tome IV - 1er volume : Etude specifique des principales substances minerals et leur contexte geologique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Franconi, Antoine; Joo' , Julien; Zibo, Idde

    1981-07-01

    This volume contains the detailed study of mineral substances industrially exploited to date : uranium, coal, non metallic building materials and public activities, and non conventionally exploited substances, that are : tin, columbite-tantalite, tungsten, gold, phosphates and evaporates. [French] Ce volume contient l'etude detaillee des substances minerals exploitees industriellement a ce jour : l'uranium, le charbon, les materiaux non metalliques de construction et de travaux publics et les substances exploitees artisanalement qui sont : l'etain, la Colombo-tantalite, le tungstene, l'or, les phosphates et les evaporates.

  17. Identification et étude du comportement de quelques additifs des huiles moteurs à base minérale par spectrophotométries IR intégrale et différentielle Identification and Study of the Behavior of Several Additives for Mineral-Bass Motor Oils by Differential and Integral Ir Spectrophotometry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Subran C.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available L'utilisation d'additifs dans les huiles moteurs est un facteur déterminant pour la longévité et les performances des moteurs. On présente dans cet article quelques procédés d'identification de certains additifs (améliorant d'indice de viscosité, antioxydants, détergents, antimousse, abaisseur du point de congélation en utilisant les méthodes de la spectroscopie IR différentielle et intégrale, l'étude de leur comportement durant l'altération des huiles, le contrôle des dosages dans les huiles neuves. La technique est caractérisée par sa rapidité, par les faibles quantités d'huile prélevées (millilitres, par la possibilité d'un contrôle permanent et d'un diagnostique possible de l'ensemble huile-moteur. The addition of additives to motor oils is one of the main factors in determining the optimum duration of the use of an oil as well as the lifetime and efficiency of an automotive engine. This article describes several processes used for identifying various additives (VI improvers, antioxidant, detergent, antifoaming, pour-point depressant involving differential and integral IR spectroscopy methods. Additive behavior during use is discussed along with how to control dosages in new oils. The technique proposed is characterized by its rapidity, by the small quantities of samples used (milliliters by the possibility of permanent control, and by being able to make a general diagnosis of the oil/engine system.

  18. Study of a photomultiplier for the measurement of low light flows by photon counting; Etude d'un photomultiplicateur en vue de la mesure des faibles flux lumineux par comptage de photons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haye, Kleber

    1964-03-20

    After a recall of the history of the discovery and use of the photoemission effect, a presentation of the main characteristics of photomultipliers, a discussion of performance and weaknesses of electron multiplier-based cells, this research thesis addresses the study of low light flows. The author tried to determine whether it was possible, at ambient temperature, to reduce the influence of the thermoelectric effect. In order to do so, he made a detailed study of the amplitude spectrum of pulses of photoelectric origin. In order to analyse the influence of temperature of photomultiplier characteristics, he studied, with respect to temperature, the variation of the counting rate corresponding to darkness, the variation of pulse amplitude spectrum, and relative variations of the quantum efficiency for various wavelengths. In parallel with the study by counting, a study has been performed by using the well known mean current measurement [French] Si l'on veut etudier de faibles flux lumineux, c'est surtout l'effet thermoelectronique qui limite a temperature ambiante le domaine possible des mesures. Les electrons qui arrivent en effet a quitter la photocathode ou les dynodes donnent naissance a des groupes supplementaires d'electrons venant s'ajouter a ceux causes par effet photoelectrique. En utilisant une methode de mesure par comptage des groupes d'electrons, nous nous sommes attaches a determiner s'il etait possible a temperature ordinaire de reduire 1'influence de l'effet thermoelectronique. Pour cela, nous avons fait une etude detaillee du spectre d'amplitude des impulsions d'origine photoelectrique. Toutefois, la solution la plus efficace pour combattre l'effet thermoelectronique etant le refroidissement, nous avons essaye d'analyser l'influence de la temperature sur les caracteristiques du photomultiplicateur. Nous avons ainsi etudie en fonction de la temperature la variation du taux de comptage correspondant a l'obscurite, la variation du spectre d

  19. Relationship between the nuclear resonance of cobalt metal and its ferromagnetic properties; Relations entre la resonance nucleaire du cobalt metallique et ses proprietes ferromagnetiques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aubrun, J.N. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-05-15

    resulte du couplage intense existant entre les noyaux et les electrons porteurs du magnetisme. Ces derniers excitent les noyaux et, dans les parois de Bloch, les soumettent a un champ radio-frequence bien plus intense que le champ RF applique. Les parametres de la resonance se determinent alors a partir du mouvement des parois, et dependent donc des constantes ferromagnetiques. La theorie permet de prevoir quantitativement certains effets particuliers, notamment par action d'un champ magnetique continu ou de la temperature. L'etude expeimentale a porte sur des poudres de cobalt et est en bon accord avec la theorie. Toutefois il faut tenir compte de l'effet de peau et reviser la theorie en consequence. Ceci permet d'expliquer certaines divergences observees, ainsi que l'influence de la taille des grains et celle du champ magnetique sur la forme de raie. Des renseignements originaux ont ete obtenus sur certaines proprietes purement ferromagnetiques du cobalt, en etudiant l'effet d'un champ magnetique et cette methode a pu etre appliquee a d'autres corps ferromagnetiques. En raison du caractere particulier de cette resonance nucleaire, qui se produit en l'absence de champ directeur et possede une importante largeur de raie, des spectrographes de type nouveau ont ete realises qui ont rendu possible des mesures precises de la forme de raie. La faible intensite des signaux obtenus dans certains cas a conduit a la mise au point d'une methode originale d'extraction dont la theorie et les applications pratiques sont donnees ici. L'ensemble de ces experiences fait apparaitre la resonance nucleaire comme un puissant moyen d'etude du ferromagnetique permettant de deceler des phenomenes microscopiques difficilement accessibles par les methodes classiques. (auteur)

  20. Relationship between the nuclear resonance of cobalt metal and its ferromagnetic properties; Relations entre la resonance nucleaire du cobalt metallique et ses proprietes ferromagnetiques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aubrun, J N [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-05-15

    couplage intense existant entre les noyaux et les electrons porteurs du magnetisme. Ces derniers excitent les noyaux et, dans les parois de Bloch, les soumettent a un champ radio-frequence bien plus intense que le champ RF applique. Les parametres de la resonance se determinent alors a partir du mouvement des parois, et dependent donc des constantes ferromagnetiques. La theorie permet de prevoir quantitativement certains effets particuliers, notamment par action d'un champ magnetique continu ou de la temperature. L'etude expeimentale a porte sur des poudres de cobalt et est en bon accord avec la theorie. Toutefois il faut tenir compte de l'effet de peau et reviser la theorie en consequence. Ceci permet d'expliquer certaines divergences observees, ainsi que l'influence de la taille des grains et celle du champ magnetique sur la forme de raie. Des renseignements originaux ont ete obtenus sur certaines proprietes purement ferromagnetiques du cobalt, en etudiant l'effet d'un champ magnetique et cette methode a pu etre appliquee a d'autres corps ferromagnetiques. En raison du caractere particulier de cette resonance nucleaire, qui se produit en l'absence de champ directeur et possede une importante largeur de raie, des spectrographes de type nouveau ont ete realises qui ont rendu possible des mesures precises de la forme de raie. La faible intensite des signaux obtenus dans certains cas a conduit a la mise au point d'une methode originale d'extraction dont la theorie et les applications pratiques sont donnees ici. L'ensemble de ces experiences fait apparaitre la resonance nucleaire comme un puissant moyen d'etude du ferromagnetique permettant de deceler des phenomenes microscopiques difficilement accessibles par les methodes classiques. (auteur)

  1. Risque de réémergence du paludisme au Maroc Étude de la capacité vectorielle d’Anopheles labranchiae dans une zone rizicole au nord du pays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Faraj C.

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Dans le but d’estimer le risque de réintroduction du paludisme au Maroc, nous avons analysé le potentiel paludogène d’une zone rizicole au nord du pays. Nos résultats ont montré que la capacité vectorielle d’An. labranchiae, vecteur du paludisme au Maroc, était particulièrement élevée pendant la période estivale qui correspond à la période de culture du riz. Le risque d’une reprise de la transmission du paludisme autochtone est élevé du fait de l’éventuelle présence de porteurs de parasite dans le dernier foyer de paludisme limitrophe de la zone d’étude. Le risque d’une introduction du paludisme tropical est faible, vu la faible vulnérabilité de la région et la compétence de ses vecteurs, considérée comme faible. Toutefois, ce risque doit faire l’objet d’une grande attention.

  2. Ultra-wideband indoor communications using optical technology

    OpenAIRE

    Mirshafiei, Mehrdad

    2013-01-01

    La communication ultra large bande (UWB) a attiré une énorme quantité de recherches ces dernières années, surtout après la présentation du masque spectral de US Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Les impulsions ultra-courtes permettent de très hauts débits de faible puissance tout en éliminant les interférences avec les systèmes existants à bande étroite. La faible puissance, cependant, limite la portée de propagation des radios UWB à quelques mètres pour la transmission sans fil à l’in...

  3. Pollution metallique relargable par les aerosols d'origine autoroutiere

    OpenAIRE

    Lebreton , Laurent; Thevenot , Daniel ,

    1992-01-01

    International audience; Because they are highly contaminated by heavy metals, road aerosols may pollute runoff waters. To estimate the mobility of some toxic metals such as Zn, Pb or Cd, these aerosols have been submited to a range of sequential chemical extraction (chemical speciation) and to laboratory release experiments. Both chemical speciation and reactor experiments show similar metal behaviour. Zn and Cd are extremely mobile (60 % released) while Pb, highly bound to particles, needs a...

  4. Improved Oxidation Resistance of Zirconium Resulting from Addition of Small Amounts of Copper; Amelioration de la Resistance a l'Oxydation du Zirconium par de Faibles Additions de Cuivre; Povyshenie soprotivlyaemosti k okisleniyu tsirkoniya posle dobavlenij nebol'shikh kolichestv medi; Aumento de la Resistencia del Circonio a la Oxidacion por Agregado de Pequenas Cantidades de Cobre

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loriers, H.; Darras, R.; Baque, P. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1966-02-15

    The authors have tried to explain the process by which the addition of small amounts of copper improves the resistance of zirconium to oxidation by pressurized carbon dioxide between 600 and 700 Degree-Sign C. The resulting alloys, particularly that with 2.5% copper, seem to offer interesting possibilities as cladding or structural materials for the fuel elements of reactors of the heavy water-carbon dioxide type. The corrosion of zirconium by carbon dioxide amounts essentially to oxidation, in which two processes are involved: (1) the building up of a layer of monoclinic zirconia, through which oxygen diffuses by migration of the anionic vacancies: (2) the dissolution and diffusion of oxygen, which penetrates into the metal. The combination of gravimetric data and measurements of the thickness of the oxide layers permits evaluation of the two corresponding diffusion coefficients. This calculation has been extended, by analogy, to the case of binary zirconium-copper alloys with a concentration of copper less than or equal to 4% by weight. Comparison of the results obtained shows that the apparent diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the oxide layer that is formed decreases as the copper content of the alloy in question increases; as regards the apparent diffusion coefficient of the oxygen in the alloy, though this is only slightly modified at 600 Degree-Sign C, at 700 Degree-Sign C it too decreases when the copper content is increased to 2.5%. The improved oxidation resistance associated with slowing down of the diffusion processes results, in particular, in prolongation of parabolic-type kinetics whereas, in the case of non-alloyed zirconium or other alloys, cracking in the oxide layer rapidly leads to linear oxidation kinetics as a result of the phenomenon of peeling. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont cherche a interpreter l'amelioration apportee par de faibles additions de cuivre a la resistance a l'oxydation du zirconium par le gaz carbonique sous pression entre

  5. Etude de la réaction $\\pi^{-}$p $\\to$ $\\pi^{-}$ $\\pi^{o}$p à 2,77 GeV/c pour de faibles impulsions du proton diffusé. Application de la méthode d'extrapolation de Chew et Low à la diffusion élastique $\\pi^{-}$ $\\pi$°

    CERN Document Server

    Baton, Jean-Pierre

    Dans le cas actuel de nos connaissances sur les interactions fortes, il peut paraître inutile d'entreprendre une nouvelle expérience du type pour vérifier la validité du modèle périphérique exposé par CHEW et LOW en 1959 et, cela , en toute rigueur, à l'étude de la diffusion pion pion. *?Tv l°rS> 6n 6ffet) Un trèS grand n° mbre d' exP érien ' es [2 - 56]' portant sur la réaction (I) raooe ±00" pOUr/°nfirmer ce modèle da • ! f^ d obtenir dans des ûé ^ raisonnables un nombre d'événements qu'a Ta rlacuon ?*" ^^ ^ CSM d6S e*P^ences précitées nous a conduit à ne regarder pour de faibles impulsions du proton diffusé. Dans le Chapitre I, nous décrivons les conditions expérimentales de cette étude et les mé- thodes employées pour l'obtention des données. Il est fait état en détail des précautions prises pour éviter l'introduction de biais dans nos données expérimentales. Le Chapitre II traite de la détermination de la section efficace de production de la réaction (1) à parti...

  6. Une nouvelle modélisation du comportement d'un joint collé élastique prenant en compte les oscillations et concentrations de gradient

    OpenAIRE

    Pagano , Stéphane; Licht , Christian; Michaille , Gérard

    2009-01-01

    International audience; Nous considérons l'assemblage de deux corps hyperélastiques (non-linéaire) liés par un adhésif hyperélastique de faible rigidité (non linéaire) occupant une petite couche d'épaisseur ε. Une stratégie numérique du problème n'est pas vraiment envisageable en raison du grand nombre de degrés de liberté lié au maillage de la fine couche de colle et du très mauvais conditionnement du système dû à la très faible rigidité de la colle. Il est donc pertinent de proposer un modè...

  7. Effects of low doses; Effet des faibles doses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le Guen, B. [Electricite de France (EDF-LAM-SCAST), 93 - Saint-Denis (France)

    2001-07-01

    Actually, even though it is comfortable for the risk management, the hypothesis of the dose-effect relationship linearity is not confirmed for any model. In particular, in the area of low dose rate delivered by low let emitters. this hypothesis is debated at the light of recent observations, notably these ones relative to the mechanisms leading to genetic instability and induction eventuality of DNA repair. The problem of strong let emitters is still to solve. (N.C.)

  8. Heat transfer by gas-liquid mixture in forced turbulent flow with weak vaporization of the liquid phase (1962); Transfert de chaleur par melange de liquide et de gaz en convection forcee turbulente avec faible vaporisation de la phase liquide (1962)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huyghe, J; Mondin, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1962-07-01

    The present study deals with measures of heat transfer and pressure drop in two-phase liquid flow. The stream is of annular dispersed type, obtained by introducing a small quantity of liquid in a gas turbulent flow. The heat transfer experiments are performed without vaporization of the liquid phase. A notable improvement of the heat transfer coefficient of such a stream is observed, compared with a gas-alone or liquid-alone flow. The improvement concerning the gas-alone is of about 20 when it is compared with the same gas Reynolds's number, of about 8 when it is compared with the same total mass flow rate. A hydrodynamic study of the flow pattern lets us know the original structure of the flow, and allows to foresee the experimental results by means of a simplified theory. (authors) [French] II est fait etat de mesures de transfert thermique et de perte de charge dans un ecoulement en double phase gaz-liquide. L'ecoulement est du type annulaire disperse, obtenu par injection d'une faible quantite de liquide dans un ecoulement gazeux en regime turbulent. Les experiences de transfert thermique sont menees sans vaporisation de la phase liquide. On note une amelioration sensible du coefficient de transfert thermique dans un tel ecoulement par rapport a un ecoulement de gaz seul ou de liquide seul. L'augmentation est de l'ordre de 20 par rapport au gaz seul si on opere a meme nombre de REYNOLDS du gaz, de l'ordre de 8 si on opere a meme debit massique total. Une etude hydrodynamique rapide de l'ecoulement permet de connaitre la structure originale de l'ecoulement, puis de prevoir par une theorie simplifiee le phenomene thermique observe. (auteurs)

  9. Etude du faible poids de naissance associé à l’âge maternel et la parité dans une population couple mère-enfant suivi à Lubumbashi

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luhete, Prosper Kakudji; Mukuku, Olivier; Kayamba, Prosper Kalenga Muenze

    2015-01-01

    Introduction Evaluer l'influence de l’âge maternel et de la parité sur la naissance d'un faible poids de naissance (FPN) à Lubumbashi. Méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude basée sur une analyse documentaire des dossiers médicaux des accouchées enregistrées dans les maternités des 10 hôpitaux généraux de référence (HGR) de la ville de Lubumbashi en République Démocratique du Congo entre le 1er décembre 2013 et le 31 mars 2014. Ces accouchées ont été réparties en deux groupes, en fonction du poids de naissance de leurs enfants: groupe I (femmes ayant accouché de nouveau-nés vivants dont le poids était inférieur à 2500 grammes) et groupe II (femmes ayant accouché de nouveau-nés vivants dont le poids était supérieur ou égal à 2500 grammes). Il s'agissait dans tous les cas de grossesses monofoetales âgées de 28 semaines ou plus. L’âge maternel et la parité ont été étudiés et comparés dans les deux groupes. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide des logiciels Épi info version 7.0 et SPSS version 19. Les différences étaient jugées significatives pour un seuil p < 0,05. Résultats La prévalence du FPN chez les nouveau-nés issus de ces accouchées était ainsi de 6,4% (71/1112). En analyse univariée, les femmes d’âge < 20 ans présentent un risque multiplié par 2,47 fois d'avoir un nouveau-né de FPN comparativement à celles de ≥20 ans (OR = 2,47; IC95%: 1,26-4,78) et celui pour les primipares d'avoir un enfant de FPN est 2,3 fois supérieur à celui de multipares (OR = 2,32; IC95%: 1,34-3,99). En faisant la régression logistique, nous avons observé que seule la parité est significativement corrélée au poids de naissance (OR ajusté = 2,61; IC95%: 1,43-4,74). Conclusion L’étude que nous avons menée montre que le taux de FPN diminue considérablement avec l’âge de la mère à partir de 20 ans et la multiparité. PMID:26161169

  10. Demountable 4 {pi} Geiger Counters for Standardization and the Assay of Low-Activity Samples; Compteurs 4 {pi} GM demontables pour l'etalonnage et l'essai d'echantillons de faible activite; S'emnye schetchiki Gejgera na 4 {pi} dlya standartizatsii i otsenki prob nizkoj aktivnosti; Condatores GM 4 {pi} para la normalizacion de patrones radiactivos con baja actividad

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Trott, N G; Bentley, R E; Burton, L K [Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London, S. W. 3 (United Kingdom)

    1960-06-15

    Some developments in the design of 4 {pi} GM counters are reported and applications of these counters in the measurements of radioactive standards, in relation to radiological work, are discussed. In the two types of 4 {pi} GM counter described the anode wires can be easily removed thereby facilitating cleaning. One type has been used successfully for several years in the standardization of {beta}-emitting radioactive nuclides and some results of intercomparison s of standards with other laboratories are presented. These counters have also been applied, in conjunction with a {gamma} ionization system, in determinations of the specific {gamma}-ray emission (k-factor) for Fe{sup 59}, Cs{sup 137} and Ir{sup 192}. The second type is a smaller low-background version of the above counter, constructed in stainless steel and designed primarily for the assay of small amounts of radioactivity in biological materials. It can also be adapted for the absolute measurement of radioactive sources at low counting rates {<=} 100 counts per minute) since, when shielded with cosmic-ray counters in anti-coincidence, a stable background of between 1 and 2 counts per minute can be obtained. (author) [French] Les auteurs decrivent certains perfectionnement s dans la construction de compteurs 4 {pi} GM et discutent les utilisations de ces compteurs pour la mesure d'etalons radioactifs, en relation avec les recherches radiologiques. Les filaments anodiques des deux types de compteurs 4 {pi} GM decrits peuvent etre facilement enleves, ce qui facilite le nettoyage. L'un des types a ete utilise avec succes durant plusieures annees pour l'etalonnage de nuclides {beta} actifs; les auteurs presentent les resultats des comparaisons d'etalons faites avec d'autres laboratoires. Ce type de compteur a ete egalement utilise pour la determination du facteur k (emission {gamma} specifique) de Fe{sup 59}, Cs{sup 137} et Ir{sup 182}. Le second type de compteurs est une version reduite, a faible mouvement

  11. Eestimaa Kirjanduse Ühingu Muuseum (Provintsiaalmuuseum) 1842-1940 / Vello Kuldna

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kuldna, Vello

    2002-01-01

    Eesti Ajaloomuuseumi kujunemisest, mille alguseks loetakse 1842. aastat, kui loodi Eestimaa Kirjanduse Ühing. Ajaloomuuseumi ühe väärtuslikuma osa moodustab Tallinna raeapteekri Johannes Burchardi erakollektsioon Mon Faible

  12. Consommation d’alcool et lignes directrices pour la consommation d’alcool à faible risque chez les adultes : une analyse transversale de l’Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darren R. Brenner

    2017-01-01

    . De manière générale, les hommes étaient plus susceptibles que les femmes de correspondre aux profils comportementaux à risque modéré et élevé ainsi que de consommer quotidiennement de l'alcool. Conclusion : Malgré les messages de santé publique à propos de l’impact négatif de la consommation d’alcool, une proportion considérable de participants de l’Alberta’s Tomorrow Project consommait davantage d’alcool que ce que préconisent les recommandations en matière de prévention du cancer. Des stratégies durables en faveur d'une consommation d’alcool à faible risque auprès de ceux qui choisissent de boire pourraient avoir une influence sur le risque de maladie chronique au sein de cette population.

  13. Compounds Labelled with Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Emitters for Medical Isotope Scanning; Gammagraphie au Moyen de Composes Marques avec des Emetteurs Gamma de Faible Energie; Soedineniya, ispol'zuemye pri meditsinskom izotopnom skennirovanii, mechennye s pomoshch'yu gamma-izluchatelej nizkoj ehnergii; Compuestos Marcados con Emisores Gamma de Baja Energia para la Exploracion Medica Mediante Isotopos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Scheer, K. E.; Zum Winkel, K.; Georgi, M. [Czerny-Krankenhaus der Universitat Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1964-10-15

    Low-energy gamma emitters have a special merit for medical scintillation scanning for the following reasons: (1) The lead shielding of the collimators is much more effective. Multiple focusing thin-walled hole collimators can therefore be used, making a higher geometrical resolution possible and, therefore, the detection of smaller lesions. (2) The absorption of the radiation within the body tissue limits the depth of visibility of lesions. In extended organs like the liver, the superposition of radiation originating from the back of the organ is avoided. This allows a better detection of more superficial lesions. The most important low-energy gamma-emitting nuclide is I{sup 125}. For thyroid scanning, it is used in the form of iodide. A suitable compound for liver scanning is I{sup 125}-labelled Rose Bengal. An alternative compound is I{sup 125} -CAI (heat denatured albumin). For kidney scanning I{sup 125}-Hippuran was found to be suitable when injected intramuscularly with hyaluronidase to ensure a uniform level of radioactivity in the kidneys. Another useful low-energy gamma-emitting nuclide for medical scanning is Hg{sup 197} which may be used as chloride for kidney and spleen scanning. Special precautions must be taken to avoid overlying of kidney and spleen. A higher quality scan is obtained with Hg{sup 197}-labelled Neohydrin. This compound is also useful for brain-tumour localization. Typical scans of thyroid, liver, spleen, kidney and brain tumours obtained with low-energy gamma emitters and conventional nuclides and compounds are presented and the merits of the former are discussed. (author) [French] Les emetteurs gamma de faible energie presentent un interet particulier en gammagraphie, pour les raisons suivantes: 1. L'ecran en plomb des collimateurs est beaucoup plus efficace. On peut donc utiliser des collimateurs a focalisation a canaux multiples, et a parois minces, qui permettent d'avoir un excellent pouvoir de resolution et, par consequent, de

  14. Double protection passive pour les equipages de l'helicoptere d'attaque "Tigre" : Concept et etude experimentale (Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter "Tiger")

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Baudou, J; Reynaud, G; Poussin, G; Leger, A

    2005-01-01

    .... Par sa simplicite de mise en oeuvre, sans impact sur le casque, son faible cout et son efficacite d'attenuation propre, la protection complementaire offerte par les bouchons d'oreille passifs s'est...

  15. Additive manufacturing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mumith, A; Thomas, M; Shah, Z; Coathup, M; Blunn, G

    2018-04-01

    Increasing innovation in rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is bringing about major changes in translational surgical research. This review describes the current position in the use of additive manufacturing in orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:455-60.

  16. Theory of high frequency discharge in gases under low pressures. Experimental investigation of high-frequency type ion sources; Theorie de la decharge haute frequence dans les gaz aux faibles pressions. Etude experimentale des sources d'ions du type haute frequence

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Salmon, Jean

    1955-03-02

    The first part of this research thesis addresses the theory of high frequency discharge in gases under low pressures, and first proposes a calculation of the distribution function for electrons present within the gas. The author then studies the evolution of electron density within a discharge tube by assigning the governing role in electron multiplication to the secondary emission of tube walls. The second part proposes a detailed description of a source operating at 96.5 Mc/s, a discussion of measurements performed on this source, and the search for a theoretical explanation of some of its properties. The author then briefly analyses various existing types of high frequency sources, and finally discusses their use in corpuscular microscopy and in particle accelerators [French] La presente these comprend deux parties. La premiere est consacree a la theorie de la decharge haute frequence dans les gaz aux faibles pressions et comporte tout d'abord le calcul de la fonction de distribution des electrons presents au sein du gaz. Nous etudions ensuite l'evolution de la densite electronique a l'interieur d'un tube a decharge en attribuant, a l'emission secondaire des parois de ce dernier, le role essentiel dans la multiplicalion des electrons. Nous obtenons ainsi les conditions d'amorcage. Tout au long de cette etude, on doit distinguer soigneusement le cas ou le libre parcours moyen des electrons dans le gaz est inferieur aux dimensions de l'enceinte et le cas ou il leur est superieur. La deuxieme partie comprend la description detaillee d'une source fonctionnant sur 96.5 Mc/s, l'expose des mesures effectuees sur celle-ci et la recherche d'une explication theorique de certaines de ses proprietes. Nous faisons ensuite une breve analyse des divers types de sources d'ions haute frequence existant a l'heure actuelle et nous terminons en traitant de leur utilisation en microscopie corpusculaire et dans les accelerateurs de particules.

  17. effects of sulphur addition on addition on and mechanical properties

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    234-8034714355. 8034714355. 1. EFFECTS OF SULPHUR ADDITION ON. ADDITION ON. 2. AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES O. 3. 4. C. W. Onyia. 5. 1DEPT. OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS. 6. 2, 4DEPT. OF METALLURGICAL ...

  18. Moteur photovoltaïque

    OpenAIRE

    Queval , Loic; Coty , Alain; Hebert , Baptiste; Vido , Lionel; Multon , Bernard

    2017-01-01

    International audience; Saurea propose un moteur à reluctance variable photovoltaïque de faible puissance, adapté aux étudiants, pour servir de support de cours aux énergies renouvelables et à la conversion d'énergie.

  19. Low doses effects and gamma radiations low dose rates; Les effets des faibles doses et des faibles debits de doses de rayons gamma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Averbeck, D [Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 2027, 75 - Paris (France)

    1999-07-01

    This expose wishes for bringing some definitions and base facts relative to the problematics of low doses effects and low dose rates effects. It shows some already used methods and some actual experimental approaches by focusing on the effects of ionizing radiations with a low linear energy transfer. (N.C.)

  20. etude physico-chimique et parasitologique des eaux usees

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AISA

    pollution ont été relativement faibles, comparativement à la moyenne des concentrations habituellement rencontrées pour les ... Mots clés : Pollution, eaux usées, physico-chimie, Helminthes, lac Fouarat, Maroc. ...... Paris, 1383 p. SDNAL.

  1. Metallic joints for very high vacuum; Joints metalliques pour ultra-vide

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paigne, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-07-01

    After defining three main types of joint; three types of distribution of the tightening force in the clamps are demonstrated; the distribution of stresses, distortion and displacements in these clamps is then calculated by means of the theory of elasticity. This is followed by experimental results on a particular means of tightening (i.e. screw-clamps). From a brief discussion on the behaviour of the clamps it is possible finally to define other types of joint deriving from the main types originally foreseen. (author) [French] Apres avoir defini trois principaux types de joints, on met en evidence trois types de distribution des forces de serrage des brides; puis on calcule a l'aide de la theorie de l'elasticite la distribution des contraintes, deformations et deplacements dans ces brides. On donne ensuite des resultats experimentaux sur un mode de serrage particulier (cas des serres-joints). Une discussion sommaire sur le comportement des brides permet de definir finalement d'autres types de joints derivant des types principaux envisages initialement. (auteur)

  2. Preparation of metallic uranium tubes; Elaboration des tubes d'uranium metallique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lerouge, G; Decours, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    The production furnace is an induction heated vacuum furnace having a capacity at the moment of 250 kg. Previously the crucible was heated by the inductor, the mould being outside the inductor. The tubes thus produced contained cavities, the alloy structure was fine; this was cold-mould casting, At the moment the top of the moulds are pre-heated, this is the so called hot-mould casting. This method has the advantage of eliminating the cavities but leads to a less fine microstructure. The alloy used for the 18 x 40 mm and 23 x 43 mm tubes is U-Mo (1.1 per cent). Since the moulds are now heated at the top, the solidification of the metal is very slow in this zone leading to a pronounced {gamma} grain, whereas towards the base the faster cooling leads to a smaller {gamma} grain. The {gamma} structure depends essentially on the solidification rate and on the time spent in this zone. In order to obtain a fine and homogeneous grain along the whole length of the tube, a controlled cooling treatment is effected. It consists in heating the uranium tubes in the {gamma} place and then in cooling them at a rate of between 20 and 50 deg C/mm down to 400 deg C. The 77 x 95 mm and 54 x 70 mm annular elements are at the moment being produced for research purposes. Their preparation is similar to that of 18 x 40 mm and 23 x 43 mm elements. The 77 x 95 mm tubes are at the moment made from U-Cr alloy (0.1 per cent); because of their size, their preparation is carried out in 600 mm diameter furnaces. (authors) [French] Le four d'elaboration est un four sous vide chaufffe par induction, dont la capacite actuelle est de 250 kg. Anterieurement le creuset seul etait chauffe par l'inducteur, les moules etaient hors de l'inducteur. Les tubes obtenus presentaient des cavites, la structure de l'alliage etait fine, c'etait la coulee en moules froids. Actuellement on prechauffe le haut des moules, c'est la coulee dite en moules chauds. Cette facon de faire a l'avantage de supprimer les cavites mais de conduire, a une microstructure plus grossiere. L'alliage mis en oeuvre pour les tubes 18 x 40 mm et 23 x 43 mm est l'U-Mo (1,1 pour cent). Les moules etant actuellement prechauffes en tete, la solidification du metal est tres lente dans cette zone, produisant un grain {gamma} important, alors qu'en pied le refroidissement etant plus rapide le grain {gamma} est de petite dimension. La structure {gamma} depend essentiellement de la vitesse de solidification et du temps de maintien dans ce domaine. Pour obtenir un grain {gamma} fin et homogene sur toute la longueur du tube, on effectue un traitement de refroidissement controle. Il consiste a chauffer les tubes d'uranium en phase {gamma}, puis a les refroidir a une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 50 deg C/mn jusqu'a 400 deg C. Les elements annulaires 77 x 95 mm et 54 x 70 mm sont fabriques actuellement a titre d'etude. Leur elaboration est semblable a celle des elements 18 x 40 mm et 23 x 43 mm. Les tubes 77 x 95 mm sont pour l'instant en alliage U-Cr (0,1 pour cent); etant donne leurs dimensions, on etudie leur elaboration dans des fours de diametre 600 mm. (auteurs)

  3. 2553 IJBCS-Article-Seyni Sané

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    Etude de la dynamique de Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) dans les vergers ... faibles «densités» semblent être les périodes les plus propices pour le contrôle des mouches. ... meilleure gestion des populations de mouches.

  4. Eesti ajaloomuuseumi vanim kogu on...

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2002-01-01

    19. XII avatud näitusega tähistab Ajaloomuuseum oma vanima kogu, Tallinna raeapteekri Johann Burchardi kollektsiooni "Mon Faible" ("Minu nõrkus") 200. sünnipäeva. Kogusse kuulub Tallinna timuka mõõk aastast 1525, etnograafilisi materjale jm.

  5. "Si le fleuve se tord, que le crocodile se torde" : une analyse des systèmes agraires de la région nord-ouest du Burkina Faso à l'aide des modèles de programmation mathématique

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maatma, Arnoldus Johannes

    2000-01-01

    Le présente étude a pour but d'analyser les perspectives d'intensification durable des systemes de production agricole dans la région Nord-Quest du Burkina Faso par des techniques a faibles couts. Zie: Résumé

  6. [Food additives and healthiness].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heinonen, Marina

    2014-01-01

    Additives are used for improving food structure or preventing its spoilage, for example. Many substances used as additives are also naturally present in food. The safety of additives is evaluated according to commonly agreed principles. If high concentrations of an additive cause adverse health effects for humans, a limit of acceptable daily intake (ADI) is set for it. An additive is a risk only when ADI is exceeded. The healthiness of food is measured on the basis of nutrient density and scientifically proven effects.

  7. Polylactides in additive biomanufacturing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poh, Patrina S P; Chhaya, Mohit P; Wunner, Felix M; De-Juan-Pardo, Elena M; Schilling, Arndt F; Schantz, Jan-Thorsten; van Griensven, Martijn; Hutmacher, Dietmar W

    2016-12-15

    New advanced manufacturing technologies under the alias of additive biomanufacturing allow the design and fabrication of a range of products from pre-operative models, cutting guides and medical devices to scaffolds. The process of printing in 3 dimensions of cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) and biomaterials (bioinks, powders, etc.) to generate in vitro and/or in vivo tissue analogue structures has been termed bioprinting. To further advance in additive biomanufacturing, there are many aspects that we can learn from the wider additive manufacturing (AM) industry, which have progressed tremendously since its introduction into the manufacturing sector. First, this review gives an overview of additive manufacturing and both industry and academia efforts in addressing specific challenges in the AM technologies to drive toward AM-enabled industrial revolution. After which, considerations of poly(lactides) as a biomaterial in additive biomanufacturing are discussed. Challenges in wider additive biomanufacturing field are discussed in terms of (a) biomaterials; (b) computer-aided design, engineering and manufacturing; (c) AM and additive biomanufacturing printers hardware; and (d) system integration. Finally, the outlook for additive biomanufacturing was discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Additives in yoghurt production

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milna Tudor

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available In yoghurt production, mainly because of sensory characteristics, different types of additives are used. Each group, and also each substance from the same group has different characteristics and properties. For that reason, for improvement of yoghurt sensory characteristics apart from addition selection, the quantity of the additive is very important. The same substance added in optimal amount improves yoghurt sensory attributes, but too small or too big addition can reduce yoghurt sensory attributes. In this paper, characteristics and properties of mostly used additives in yoghurt production are described; skimmed milk powder, whey powder, concentrated whey powder, sugars and artificial sweeteners, fruits, stabilizers, casein powder, inulin and vitamins. Also the impact of each additive on sensory and physical properties of yoghurt, syneresis and viscosity, are described, depending on used amount added in yoghurt production.

  9. Additive Manufacturing Infrared Inspection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gaddy, Darrell; Nettles, Mindy

    2015-01-01

    The Additive Manufacturing Infrared Inspection Task started the development of a real-time dimensional inspection technique and digital quality record for the additive manufacturing process using infrared camera imaging and processing techniques. This project will benefit additive manufacturing by providing real-time inspection of internal geometry that is not currently possible and reduce the time and cost of additive manufactured parts with automated real-time dimensional inspections which deletes post-production inspections.

  10. Relation nappe-rivière dans le bassin versant du Bandama en ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dr gatsin

    'Information Géographique (SIG). Traitement des images. L'objectif ici est de ..... effluents des ouvrages d'assainissement). Une faible connexion entre ces deux aquifères qui ralentirait la continuité hydraulique et donc un mélange de ces deux ...

  11. 1483-IJBCS-Article-Souaibou Farougou.+

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin. ... contamination du wagashi vendu au Bénin par des pathogènes associée à sa faible valeur nutritionnelle pourrait ..... pathogènes tels que E. coli, Klebsiella, ...

  12. Distribution spatiale intra-urbaine des particules fines : monitoring ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    30 sept. 2014 ... En outre, l'accumulation des particules fines est faible pendant un mois pluvieux par rapport à un mois sec ..... benjamina, et la structure (tige, branches) des arborées ... par Zhang et al., (2006) sur des feuilles de Pinus pumila.

  13. Contamination potentielle des aliments par des ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARA Computers

    la notion de la pollution et de l'exposition aux PCBs, lorsque 77% n'ont pas conscience de cette situation de risque ... 2018). Quoique la contamination par les. PCBs soit de faible niveau, elle est ...... Université Paris-Est, Paris, France ; 183.

  14. Incidence de la clarification des moûts de raisin sur les fermentescibilltés alcoolique et malolactique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michèle Guilloux-Benatier

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available Des essais de débourbage en vinification en blanc, réalisés de 1988 à 1992, mettent en évidence le rôle important joué par la teneur en macromolécules solubles dans le moût de raisin. Les moûts de faible turbidité conduisent en effet à des fermentations alcooliques lentes en relation avec de faibles populations levuriennes. Il est également confirmé que la libération de polysaccharides exocellulaires par les levures au cours de la fermentation alcoolique est d'autant plus élevée que le moût de départ a été fortement appauvri en colloïdes de raisin. Par contre, ce sont dans les lots les plus clarifiés que l'on observe la meilleure fermentescibilité malolactique.

  15. Study of the behavior of AX-55 resin when used for recovering uranium from solutions formed by attacking low grade minerals with sulfuric acid; Etude du comportement de la resine ax-55 pour la recuperation de l'uranium des solutions d'attaque sulfurique de mineraux a faible teneur

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parly, B; Pottier, P; Rigaud, A

    1959-03-01

    Uranium is recuperated on the anionic resin ACFI AX-55 from solution formed by attacking a Vendean mineral with sulfuric acid. This solution contains 373 mg of uranium acid 15,4 g of SO{sub 4} per litre. The pH is 1,5. The object of the text is on the one hand to study the behaviour of the resin AX,-55 during several absorption and desorption cycles and on the other hand to see whether this resin can be used industrially. The following conclusions are: 1) at the flow rate of 6,6 m{sup 3}/m{sup 2}.h which was employed the resin AX-55 can be used industrially; 2) Its principal advantage is to furnish an concentrated elutriation liquor containing: 15,84 g/1 of U; 3) It has the disadvantage of having a low capacity (approximately 60 per cent of that of Deacidit 'FF'). (author) [French] On recupere sur la resine anionique ACFI AX-55 l'uranium d'une solution d'attaque sulfurique d'un minerai de Vendee. Cette solution contient 373 mg d'uranium et 15,4 g de SO{sub 4} par litre. Son pH est 1,5. Le but de l'essai est, d'une part d'etudier le comportement de la resine AX 55 au cours de plusieurs cycles, d'autre part de verifier que son utilisation est possible industriellement. Les conclusions sont les suivantes: 1) au debit de 6,6 m{sup 3}/m{sup 2}.h utilise, la resine AX 55 peut etre utilisee industriellement; 2) son principal avantage est de fournir une liqueur d'elution concentree: 15,84 g/1 en U; 3) son inconvenient est sa capacite faible (environ 60 pour cent de celle de la Deacidit 'FF'). (auteur)

  16. Case series

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    hémodialyse chronique en raison de sa longévité, son taux faible de complication et de mortalité par rapport aux pontages artério-veineux et aux cathéters. Cependant, il arrive assez souvent que l'on assiste à des.

  17. Agriculture et environnement | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La production mondiale de tabac provient en grande partie de pays à faible ... des lieux de l'économie politique du contrôle du tabagisme en Afrique subsaharienne, ... On reconnaît volontiers que la gestion de l'environnement ne saurait être ...

  18. Résultats de recherche | Page 106 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le Centre d'innovation pour la résilience de l'Afrique de l'Est. D'ici 2025, la pauvreté sera essentiellement concentrée dans les pays africains à faible revenu touchés par des conflits et de la violence. Projet.

  19. Pêches, aquaculture et bien vivre en Bolivie : contributions à la ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La consommation de poisson en Bolivie est parmi l'une des plus faibles au ... De 2011 à 2014, l'alliance PECES PARA LA VIDA (PPV –. Poissons pour la vie) a .... In: Proyecto Mejoramiento de la Legislación Para la Pesca y Acuicultura.

  20. Analyse de la croissance chez Gymnogongrus patens (j

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    LBBM

    échantillon mensuel pris au hasard dans le site de récolte durant la période ..... Les faibles teneurs en pigments hydrosolubles coïncident avec la meilleure période de ..... “A carotenoid characteristic of chlorophycean seaweeds living in deep.

  1. in blood transfusion

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    gestion de la transfusion des patients se traduit par une diminution spectaculaire de .... lABoRAToRy pERFoRMANCE ChECKs ... CoNTRôlEs DE pERFoRMANCE DE ...... mesure de fournir des packs ayant un faible volume de sang et une.

  2. Vacuum welding of metals; Soudage des metaux sous vide

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stohr, J A; Briola, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    This new welding process has been developed by the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in France. The edges of the work-pieces are melted by the impact of an electron beam produced by an electron gun. Welding is carried out in a vacuum of 10{sup -4} to 10{sup -8} mm of mercury. The welding machine consists, diagrammatically, of: a) a metal enclosure in which a vacuum is produced; b) a cathode for electron emission, a high-voltage generator for accelerating these electrons, a focusing device; c) a mechanical device for moving (rotating) the work-piece. Advantages of the process: 1) possible welding of highly oxidizable metals (e.g. zirconium); 2) fabrication of high-vacuum-sealed metal containers; 3) production of very deeply penetrated welds. Therefore, this new process is particularly advantageous for atomic power applications, the fabrication of electron tubes and, more generally, for all industries in which very special metals are used. (author) [French] Ce procede de soudage a ete recemment mis au point au Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique en France (CEA). Il consiste a utiliser, pour fondre les levres des pieces a souder, l'impact d'un faisceau d'electrons produit par un canon a electrons. Le soudage s'effectue sous un vide de 10{sup -4} a 10{sup -8} mm de mercure. La machine a souder se compose schematiquement: a) d'une enceinte metallique ou l'on fait le vide; b) d'une cathode emettant des electrons, d'un generateur H.T. permettant d'accelerer ces electrons d'un dispositif de focalisation; c) d'un dispositif mecanique permettant le deplacement (rotation) de la piece a souder. Avantages de ce procede: 1) possibilite de souder les metaux tres oxydables (exemple: zirconium); 2) realisation de 'containers' metalliques fermes sous vide pousse; 3) obtention de profondeurs de soudures considerables. Ce nouveau procede est donc particulierement interessant pour l ' energie atomique, la fabrication des tubes electroniques et, en general, toutes les industries

  3. Construction of dry-boxes for plutonium metallurgy; Construction des boites a gants pour la metallurgie du plutonium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grison, E; Pascard, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The dry-boxes used at Chatillon are of two main types: a) boxes with a metal frame work of welded angle-pieces, panels of plexiglass, bakelite, duralumin, etc... They include a standard panel which enables them to be connected up to the contaminated repairs workshop; b) boxes made entirely of welded plastic. The working face only is of plexiglas held by screw clamps to a pure rubber joint. These boxes, which cannot be connected to the contaminated workshop, are generally reserved for small pieces of chemical apparatus. None has yet been used for working under argon, although their airtightness is excellent. After an interval of several hours, in fact, no decrease in the pressure inside the box can be detected. Several means can be adopted to ensure that the joints between panels and mountings are absolutely air-tight. Up to the present we are using three types of box with metal framework at the same time, without being able to make a definitive choice. (author) [French] Les boites a gants utilisees a Chatillon sont de deux types principaux: a) boites a armature metallique en cornieres soudees, panneaux en plexiglas, bakelite, duralumin, etc... Elles comportent un panneau standard permettant de les raccorder a l'atelier de reparations contamine; b) boites entierement en matiere plastique soudee. Seule la face de travail est en plexiglas appliquee par serre-joints sur un joint de caoutchouc pur. Ces boites, qui ne peuvent etre raccordees a l'atelier contamine, sont en general reservees a du petit materiel de chimie. Aucune, jusqu'a present, n'a ete utilisee pour le travail sous argon bien que leur etancheite soit excellente. On ne detecte en effet sur un intervalle de plusieurs heures aucune diminution de la depression regnant dans la boite. Plusieurs solutions peuvent etre adoptees pour assurer l'etancheite des panneaux sur les montants. Jusqu'a ce jour, nous utilisons concurremment trois types de boites a armature metallique sans qu'il soit possible de faire un

  4. Oxidation of ordinary steels or alloys heated in carbon dioxide under pressure; Oxydation d'aciers ordinaires ou allies chauffes dans le gaz carbonique sous pression

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leclercq, D; Chevilliard, C; Darras, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1960-07-01

    Selection tests were carried out on commercial steels from the viewpoint of their resistance to oxidation in carbon dioxide, under 25 atmospheres pressure, between 350 and 600 deg. C. Comparative curve of oxidation kinetics were obtained, from which the influence of various additive elements can be found; small amounts of aluminium particularly seem to be favourable in the case of only slightly alloyed steels. (author) [French] Des essais de selection d'aciers commerciaux ont ete effectues quant a leur resistance a l'oxydation dans le gaz carbonique, sous pression de 25 atmospheres, ente 350 et 600 deg. C. Des courbes comparatives de cinetique d'oxydation ont ete obtenues, ce qui permet de degager l'influence de divers elements d'addition; de faibles teneurs en aluminium apparaissent notamment favorables dans le cas des aciers peu allies. L'acier inoxydable 18-8 a egalement ete etudie, notamment sous forme de tubes minces. Son comportement est bon jusqu'au moins 600 deg. C dans ces conditions. (auteur)

  5. Model Additional Protocol

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rockwood, Laura

    2001-01-01

    Since the end of the cold war a series of events has changed the circumstances and requirements of the safeguards system. The discovery of a clandestine nuclear weapons program in Iraq, the continuing difficulty in verifying the initial report of Democratic People's Republic of Korea upon entry into force of their safeguards agreement, and the decision of the South African Government to give up its nuclear weapons program and join the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons have all played a role in an ambitious effort by IAEA Member States and the Secretariat to strengthen the safeguards system. A major milestone in this effort was reached in May 1997 when the IAEA Board of Governors approved a Model Protocol Additional to Safeguards Agreements. The Model Additional Protocol was negotiated over a period of less than a year by an open-ended committee of the Board involving some 70 Member States and two regional inspectorates. The IAEA is now in the process of negotiating additional protocols, State by State, and implementing them. These additional protocols will provide the IAEA with rights of access to information about all activities related to the use of nuclear material in States with comprehensive safeguards agreements and greatly expanded physical access for IAEA inspectors to confirm or verify this information. In conjunction with this, the IAEA is working on the integration of these measures with those provided for in comprehensive safeguards agreements, with a view to maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency, within available resources, the implementation of safeguards. Details concerning the Model Additional Protocol are given. (author)

  6. diversité botanique dans le sud du parc national de taï, côte d

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    AKA Boko Mathieu

    assainissement de type unitaire qui dessert environ 78 % de la population urbaine. ... Afrique SCIENCE 03(1) (2007) 123 - 145 technique de BAILENGER fortement recommandée par l'OMS [2] pour sa facilité d'exécution, son faible coût et sa fiabilité.

  7. Research

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    9 juil. 2015 ... stratégique de la gestion des ressources hospitalières. Hermès ... soins et les décideurs politiques s'aperçoivent que les objectifs du millénium pour le ..... un mauvais recrutement des syndicalistes, la faible collaboration du.

  8. Les femmes, un effectif sur qui il faut compter | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    30 juil. 2015 ... L'emploi peut transformer la vie d'une personne et une société tout entière. ... leur revenu potentiel et améliorer la distribution des ressources dans les familles. ... où les salaires sont faibles et les protections sociales minimes.

  9. Les agriculteurs s'adaptent aux changements climatiques en Tunisie ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    23 août 2011 ... À La Soukra, en Tunisie, des centaines de familles à faible revenu vivent des produits de la terre qu'elles cultivent. Or, depuis quelques décennies, ce mode de vie est menacé par l'urbanisation et les changements climatiques.

  10. 473-IJBCS-Article-Dr Bernard Ossey Yapo

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DR GATSING

    Evaluation de la qualité des eaux de puits à usage domestique dans les ... 1 Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement (L.S.E.), UFR-SGE, Université ... urbains, la faible profondeur de la nappe, la nature des sols et la perméabilité de.

  11. Entre chercheurs et entrepreneurs - pour la recherche et la ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    entrepreneuriat en Afrique francophone. L'entrepreneuriat est un vecteur de la croissance économique des nations. Toutefois, les pays en développement ont généralement un entrepreneuriat dit " de nécessité ", constitué d'une faible valeur ajoutée ...

  12. L’IMPACT DE L’APPLICATION DES REFORMES BALE III SUR L’INDUSTRIE BANCAIRE ROUMAINE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Halep

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Le début du XXIème a connu un essor remarquable des marchés financiers, de l’innovation et des processus de déréglementation. L’inflation faible, la liquidité abondante, la confiance dans les marchés efficaces et autorégulateurs ont conduit à une perception généralisée de risque faible, incitant les acteurs à une prise accrue de risque. Face aux crises qui s’enchaînent depuis maintenant cinq ans, des mesures de ré-réglementation du système ont été proposées, communément appelées Reformes de Bâle.L’article analyse l’évolution des recommandations de Bâle en lien avec l’évolution économique et des marchés financiers et évalue l’impact de ces dernières sur le secteur bancaire roumain.

  13. Food additives

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... GO About MedlinePlus Site Map FAQs Customer Support Health Topics Drugs & Supplements Videos & Tools Español You Are Here: Home → Medical Encyclopedia → Food additives URL of this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/ ...

  14. Contribution of the Steady State Method to Water Permeability Measurement in Very Low Permeability Porous Media Contribution de la méthode stationnaire dans les mesures des très faibles perméabilités à l’eau

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boulin P.F.

    2012-04-01

    . Still, pulse decay remains an interesting alternative to steady state methods when permeability is higher than 50 nD (5 × 10-20 m2. Les milieux très peu perméables (k < 10 nD (10-20 m2 comme les argiles sont étudiés dans le cadre de problématiques très diverses telles que le stockage du CO2, les surpressions en forage profond ou le stockage des déchets radioactifs. La caractérisation pétrophysique de ces roches, et notamment la mesure de leur faible perméabilité, est difficile. La technique en laboratoire la plus répandue est celle du pulse decay. Cette technique consiste à imposer un pulse de pression en amont de l’échantillon puis de suivre l’évolution des pressions amont et aval. La durée de l’essai est supérieure à la journée pour des échantillons d’un nanoDarcy. Le signal est fortement tributaire des fuites dans le système ou des variations de température. La méthode stationnaire consiste à mesurer directement le débit d’eau à travers l’échantillon pour un gradient de pression donné. Cette technique est rarement utilisée pour les milieux très peu perméables car réputée très longue (Hsieh et al., 1981, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 18, 245-252. Des essais en laboratoire ont été réalisés sur trois échantillons. La méthode stationnaire ainsi que des méthodes transitoires (dont le pulse decay furent employées. La limitation principale des méthodes transitoires est la difficulté d’interpréter correctement les profils de relaxation. La méthode stationnaire s’est montrée aussi rapide (trois jours pour un échantillon de 0.8 nD (8 × 10-22 m2, voire plus rapide (moins d’une journée pour un échantillon de 2.6 nD (2.6 × 10-21 m2, que la méthode du pulse decay. La perméabilité a été plus simple à déterminer et cette méthode peut être rapide avec un équipement adapté. En réalité, la faible compressibilité de la roche permet une propagation rapide des ondes de pression

  15. Preparation of metallic uranium tubes; Elaboration des tubes d'uranium metallique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lerouge, G.; Decours, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    The production furnace is an induction heated vacuum furnace having a capacity at the moment of 250 kg. Previously the crucible was heated by the inductor, the mould being outside the inductor. The tubes thus produced contained cavities, the alloy structure was fine; this was cold-mould casting, At the moment the top of the moulds are pre-heated, this is the so called hot-mould casting. This method has the advantage of eliminating the cavities but leads to a less fine microstructure. The alloy used for the 18 x 40 mm and 23 x 43 mm tubes is U-Mo (1.1 per cent). Since the moulds are now heated at the top, the solidification of the metal is very slow in this zone leading to a pronounced {gamma} grain, whereas towards the base the faster cooling leads to a smaller {gamma} grain. The {gamma} structure depends essentially on the solidification rate and on the time spent in this zone. In order to obtain a fine and homogeneous grain along the whole length of the tube, a controlled cooling treatment is effected. It consists in heating the uranium tubes in the {gamma} place and then in cooling them at a rate of between 20 and 50 deg C/mm down to 400 deg C. The 77 x 95 mm and 54 x 70 mm annular elements are at the moment being produced for research purposes. Their preparation is similar to that of 18 x 40 mm and 23 x 43 mm elements. The 77 x 95 mm tubes are at the moment made from U-Cr alloy (0.1 per cent); because of their size, their preparation is carried out in 600 mm diameter furnaces. (authors) [French] Le four d'elaboration est un four sous vide chaufffe par induction, dont la capacite actuelle est de 250 kg. Anterieurement le creuset seul etait chauffe par l'inducteur, les moules etaient hors de l'inducteur. Les tubes obtenus presentaient des cavites, la structure de l'alliage etait fine, c'etait la coulee en moules froids. Actuellement on prechauffe le haut des moules, c'est la coulee dite en moules chauds. Cette facon de faire a l'avantage de supprimer les cavites mais de conduire, a une microstructure plus grossiere. L'alliage mis en oeuvre pour les tubes 18 x 40 mm et 23 x 43 mm est l'U-Mo (1,1 pour cent). Les moules etant actuellement prechauffes en tete, la solidification du metal est tres lente dans cette zone, produisant un grain {gamma} important, alors qu'en pied le refroidissement etant plus rapide le grain {gamma} est de petite dimension. La structure {gamma} depend essentiellement de la vitesse de solidification et du temps de maintien dans ce domaine. Pour obtenir un grain {gamma} fin et homogene sur toute la longueur du tube, on effectue un traitement de refroidissement controle. Il consiste a chauffer les tubes d'uranium en phase {gamma}, puis a les refroidir a une vitesse comprise entre 20 et 50 deg C/mn jusqu'a 400 deg C. Les elements annulaires 77 x 95 mm et 54 x 70 mm sont fabriques actuellement a titre d'etude. Leur elaboration est semblable a celle des elements 18 x 40 mm et 23 x 43 mm. Les tubes 77 x 95 mm sont pour l'instant en alliage U-Cr (0,1 pour cent); etant donne leurs dimensions, on etudie leur elaboration dans des fours de diametre 600 mm. (auteurs)

  16. 37 CFR 1.776 - Calculation of patent term extension for a food additive or color additive.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... extension for a food additive or color additive. 1.776 Section 1.776 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights... Calculation of patent term extension for a food additive or color additive. (a) If a determination is made pursuant to § 1.750 that a patent for a food additive or color additive is eligible for extension, the term...

  17. autonomisation économique des femmes et économie du soin des ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Alanna Karpa

    dépend en grande partie d'un financement versé par des bailleurs de fonds et qui est aux prises avec ... services dont leurs enfants ont besoin et à intégrer le marché du travail. ..... roulement, qui produit des services de soins de faible qualité.

  18. 867-IJBCS-Article-Dr Pierre Dossou Yovo

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DR GATSING

    Le séchage des aliments en Afrique est sujet à d'énormes contraintes dues au faible niveau de développement .... fécaux, d'E. coli, de Staphylocoques aureus, de salmonelles .... remarque la présence de contamination croisée dans le produit ...

  19. Etude comparative de la flore aux abords des cours d'eau dans les ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    4 UFR des Sciences biologiques, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo. 5 Centre Suisse de ... abords des plans d'eau des zones de forte et de faible endémicité d'UB. L'inventaire ...... modifié pour les besoins de l'agriculture et de.

  20. Vers des modèles de services juridiques de base viables et pouvant ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    fdieudonne

    17 mai 2016 ... En fait, historiquement, le financement du secteur de la justice par les bailleurs de ..... sociétaux au niveau macro tel qu'un plus grand respect de la loi. .... Dans les trois pays à faible revenu ou à revenu intermédiaire de la ...

  1. Donner aux filles et aux femmes le pouvoir de décider | CRDI ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    éclampsie et d'hypertension artérielle, et peuvent également entraîner un faible poids à la naissance et des naissances prématurées. La Federation of Muslim Women's Association of Nigeria et l'Université McGill à Montréal, ...

  2. 2346-IJBCS-Article-Mme DEDI Juliette

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    favorables à la culture du bananier : un pH basique (entre 7,5 et 8,5), une très faible salinité (129,90 µmhos/cm à l'horizon C et .... variété Cavendish est sensible est apparue en. Asie, tandis ..... Aspergillus: molecular biology and genomics.

  3. institutions pour la gestion efficace de la demande en eau

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    nkhaled

    1 On entend par la gestion de la demande en eau (GDE) « toute mesure ...... Mis à part un faible pourcentage réservé à l'abreuvement du bétail et au traitement de base des ..... demand management », Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol.

  4. Additive and polynomial representations

    CERN Document Server

    Krantz, David H; Suppes, Patrick

    1971-01-01

    Additive and Polynomial Representations deals with major representation theorems in which the qualitative structure is reflected as some polynomial function of one or more numerical functions defined on the basic entities. Examples are additive expressions of a single measure (such as the probability of disjoint events being the sum of their probabilities), and additive expressions of two measures (such as the logarithm of momentum being the sum of log mass and log velocity terms). The book describes the three basic procedures of fundamental measurement as the mathematical pivot, as the utiliz

  5. Alternative additives; Alternative additiver

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    2007-08-15

    In this project a number of industrial and agricultural waste products have been characterised and evaluated in terms of alkali-getter performance. The intended use is for biomass-fired power stations aiming at reducing corrosion or slagging related problems. The following products have been obtained, characterised and evaluated: 1) Brewery draff 2) Danish de-gassed manure 3) Paper sludge 4) Moulding sand 5) Spent bleaching earth 6) Anorthosite 7) Sand 8) Clay-sludge. Most of the above alternative additive candidates are deemed unsuitable due to insufficient chemical effect and/or expensive requirements for pre-treatment (such as drying and transportation). 3 products were selected for full-scale testing: de-gassed manure, spent bleaching earth and clay slugde. The full scale tests were undertaken at the biomass-fired power stations in Koege, Slagelse and Ensted. Spent bleaching earth (SBE) and clay sludge were the only tested additive candidates that had a proven ability to react with KCl, to thereby reduce Cl-concentrations in deposits, and reduce the deposit flux to superheater tubes. Their performance was shown to nearly as good as commercial additives. De-gassed manure, however, did not evaluate positively due to inhibiting effects of Ca in the manure. Furthermore, de-gassed manure has a high concentration of heavy metals, which imposes a financial burden with regard to proper disposal of the ash by-products. Clay-sludge is a wet clay slurring, and drying and transportation of this product entails substantial costs. Spent bleaching does not require much pre-treatment and is therefore the most promising alternative additive. On the other hand, bleaching earth contains residual plant oil which means that a range of legislation relating to waste combustion comes into play. Not least a waste combustion fee of 330 DKK/tonne. For all alternative (and commercial) additives disposal costs of the increase ash by-products represents a significant cost. This is

  6. Knowledge About HIV/AIDS and Sexual Practices Among ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Malgré une note de connaissance parmi ces travailleurs à faible revenu dominé par les mâles, leur pratiques sexuelles sont de nature à encourager la transmission du VIH. Keywords: knowledge, automobile mechanics, sexual behaviour, small scale industries. African Journal of Reproductive Health Vol. 11 (2) 2007: pp.

  7. Evaluation de la qualité technologique et organoleptique de la ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    30 mars 2013 ... Evaluation de la qualité de la viande de bovins des races Borgou,. Lagunaire et ... Au jour d'abattage, l'indice du rouge le plus faible a été obtenu chez ...... races peut être liée soit à la composition floristique du parcours ou ...

  8. Oxidation kinetic changes of UO2 by additive addition and irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    You, Gil-Sung; Kim, Keon-Sik; Min, Duck-Kee; Ro, Seung-Gy

    2000-01-01

    The kinetic changes of air-oxidation of UO 2 by additive addition and irradiation were investigated. Several kinds of specimens, such as unirradiated-UO 2 , simulated-UO 2 for spent PWR fuel (SIMFUEL), unirradiated-Gd-doped UO 2 , irradiated-UO 2 and -Gd-doped UO 2 , were used for these experiments. The oxidation results represented that the kinetic patterns among those samples are remarkably different. It was also revealed that the oxidation kinetics of irradiated-UO 2 seems to be more similar to that of unirradiated-Gd-doped UO 2 than that of SIMFUEL

  9. ADDITIVES USED TO OBTAIN FOOD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dorina Ardelean

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Use of food additives in food is determined by the growth of contemporary food needs of the world population. Additives used in food, both natural and artificial ones, contribute to: improving the organoleptic characteristics and to preserve the food longer, but we must not forget that all these additives should not be found naturally in food products. Some of these additives are not harmful and human pests in small quantities, but others may have harmful effects on health.

  10. Co-occurring nonnative woody shrubs have additive and non-additive soil legacies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuebbing, Sara E; Patterson, Courtney M; Classen, Aimée T; Simberloff, Daniel

    2016-09-01

    To maximize limited conservation funds and prioritize management projects that are likely to succeed, accurate assessment of invasive nonnative species impacts is essential. A common challenge to prioritization is a limited knowledge of the difference between the impacts of a single nonnative species compared to the impacts of nonnative species when they co-occur, and in particular predicting when impacts of co-occurring nonnative species will be non-additive. Understanding non-additivity is important for management decisions because the management of only one co-occurring invader will not necessarily lead to a predictable reduction in the impact or growth of the other nonnative plant. Nonnative plants are frequently associated with changes in soil biotic and abiotic characteristics, which lead to plant-soil interactions that influence the performance of other species grown in those soils. Whether co-occurring nonnative plants alter soil properties additively or non-additively relative to their effects on soils when they grow in monoculture is rarely addressed. We use a greenhouse plant-soil feedback experiment to test for non-additive soil impacts of two common invasive nonnative woody shrubs, Lonicera maackii and Ligustrum sinense, in deciduous forests of the southeastern United States. We measured the performance of each nonnative shrub, a native herbaceous community, and a nonnative woody vine in soils conditioned by each shrub singly or together in polyculture. Soils conditioned by both nonnative shrubs had non-additive impacts on native and nonnative performance. Root mass of the native herbaceous community was 1.5 times lower and the root mass of the nonnative L. sinense was 1.8 times higher in soils conditioned by both L. maackii and L. sinense than expected based upon growth in soils conditioned by either shrub singly. This result indicates that when these two nonnative shrubs co-occur, their influence on soils disproportionally favors persistence

  11. Additionality of global benefits and financial additionality in the context of the AIJ negotiations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Puhl, I.

    1996-12-31

    The Conference of the Party at their first meeting (COP1) took a decision regarding criteria for joint implementation as indicated in Art. 4.2 (a) of the FCCC which established a pilot phase for activities implemented jointly (AIJ) under the pilot phase. Besides some more technical issues this decision specified that such measures should bring about real, measurable and long-term environmental benefits related to the mitigation of climate change that would not have occurred in the absence of such activities. It also established that the financing of AIJ shall be additional to the financial obligations of developed country parties. These two requirements are called the additionality criteria for AIJ. The first refers to the realness of GHG emission abatement (which means reduction compared to a baseline) whereas the second describes that funds earmarked for AIJ have no other objective (i.e. profit making, export promotion) but to reduce GHG emissions to avoid the free-riding of investors and subsequently developed country parties. The reporting framework as well as the reporting requirements under national programs do not specify further the two types of additionality and even though research focuses on issues like baseline determination there has been no attempt so far to identify approaches which contribute towards defining strict and practicable methods and guidelines to frame additionality criteria. The first FCCC assessment of pilot project reporting revealed that in the reporting of activities, emissions additionality often remained unclear, especially in cases where AIJ was only a portion of an existing or already planned project, and that there is a point about how to account for financial additionality. It subsequently proposed to develop a uniform approach to baseline determination and the assessment of emission (reduction) additionality and financial additionality.

  12. ÉTUDE DE CAS — Governador Valdares, Brésil : Le jardinage s ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    16 déc. 2010 ... À Governador Valadares, au Brésil, un programme municipal d'agriculture urbaine contribue à garnir la table des citadins des quartiers à faible revenu. Les protagonistes vont et viennent, mais les jardiniers tiennent bon, grâce à l'appui bien coordonné de nombreux acteurs locaux.

  13. Kenya : tous les projets | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le tabagisme est l'un des principaux facteurs de risque associé à la charge de morbidité croissante liée aux maladies non transmissibles (MNT) dans les pays à faible revenu et pays à revenu intermédiaire. Région: Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé.

  14. Droit et accès des femmes à l'eau et aux systèmes d'assainissement ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    2 mai 2012 ... Axe de recherche Le projet vise à améliorer les services d'approvisionnement en eau et d'assainissement fournis aux femmes vivant dans les collectivités à faible revenu de New Delhi, de même qu'à favoriser de meilleurs rapports entre les habitants et les administrations locales.

  15. Petits mils

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    cinq fois moins d'eau que le riz ? Note d'analyse ... dont une teneur élevée en micronutriments et en fibres alimentaires et un indice glycémique faible. ... Malgré les qualités nutritionnelles supérieures et la résilience au climat des petits mils, ...

  16. Cancer Research UK | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Cancer Research UK. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/. Initiative de recherche sur la dimension économique de la lutte antitabac. L'Initiative de recherche sur la dimension économique de la lutte antitabac finance la recherche novatrice sur les politiques fiscales qui appuient la lutte antitabac dans les pays à faible revenu ...

  17. INTERDÉPENDANCE, DÉSÉQUILIBRE ET CROISSANCE

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    abolir les contrôles des changes aux États-Unis ( 1974 ) et en ..... Cette mesure et l'indice du développement humain ( IDH ), lequel réunit les indicateurs de .... la très faible performance de ces pays ces années-là sur le plan de la croissance.

  18. Tables of formulae for calculating the mechanics of stacks in gas-graphite reactors; Formulaire pour le calcul de la mecanique des empilements des reacteurs graphite-gaz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1968-07-01

    This collection of formulae only gives, for nuclear graphite stacks. The mechanical effects due to the strains, thermal or not, of steel structures supporting or surrounding graphite blocks. Equations have been established by mean of experiments made at Chinon with large pile models. Thus, it is possible to calculate displacement, strain and stress in the EDF type stacks of horizontal triangular block lattice. (authors) [French] Le domaine de ce formulaire est strictement limite aux effets mecaniques, pour les empilements, des deformations, thermiques ou autres, des structures metalliques de soutien (aire - support et corset). On propose un ensemble de relations qui ont ete etablies a la suite des essais de CHINON sur des maquettes de grande taille. Ces relations permettent le calcul des mouvements, des deformations et des contraintes dans les empilements du type EDF, a reseau horizontal triangulaire regulier. (auteurs)

  19. Déserts alimentaires à Winnipeg (Canada : une nouvelle méthodologie de mesure d'un concept complexe et controversé

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joyce Slater

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction : Les « déserts alimentaires » ont vu le jour dans les 20 dernières années et forment des secteurs préoccupants pour les collectivités, les autorités en santé publique et les chercheurs en raison de leur effet négatif possible sur la qualité de l’alimentation et en raison de leurs conséquences sur la santé. Ce sont des espaces résidentiels, habituellement en milieu urbain, où les résidents à faible revenu n’ont que peu ou pas accès à des établissements de vente au détail d'aliments qui offrent suffisamment de variété à un prix abordable. La recherche sur les déserts alimentaires présente des défis méthodologiques, notamment la façon de repérer et de classer les magasins d’alimentation au détail, la définition de la population à faible revenu ainsi que les paramètres concernant le transport et la proximité. De plus, les méthodes complexes qui sont souvent employées dans la recherche sur les déserts alimentaires peuvent être difficiles à reproduire et à communiquer aux principaux intervenants. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, nous avons voulu montrer qu’on pouvait concevoir une méthode simple et reproductible pour repérer les déserts alimentaires, à l’aide de données facilement accessibles en contexte canadien. Méthodologie : Cette étude a été menée à Winnipeg (Canada en 2014. Les établissements de vente au détail des aliments ont été trouvés à l’aide des Pages Jaunes et vérifiés par des diététistes en santé publique. Nous avons créé deux scénarios sur les déserts alimentaires en fonction de l’emplacement de la population à quintile de revenu le plus faible : a celle qui habitait à 500 m ou plus d’une épicerie appartenant à une chaîne nationale et b celle qui habitait à 500 m ou plus d’une épicerie appartenant à une chaîne nationale ou d’une épicerie à service complet. Résultats : En fonction du scénario utilisé, 64 574 ou 104 335 r

  20. Eviscération scrotale: complication rare de la pulpectomie | Moataz ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    La pulpectomie est un geste assez fréquent et simple dans notre structure devant son faible cout économique par rapport à une castration médicale. Cependant, plusieurs complications peuvent apparaitre à la suite de cette chirurgie. Nous allons présenter à travers cette observation une complication rare de la pulpectomie ...

  1. Étude de la Cinétique d'adsorption des molécules anti paludéennes ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    29 mai 2013 ... elimination of drugs from blood, and the static adsorption simulates the elimination of drugs from stomach. Chloroquine .... concentration du produit en solution. Les prélèvements pour la mesure de la concentration sont de quantité suffisamment faible pour ne pas modifier de manière significative la ...

  2. ORIGINAL ARTILE 141

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Boaz

    extracts employed were from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Anacardium occidentale (Cashew), Euphorbia hirta (Asthma weed),Jatropha curcas (Physic nut), ... d'inhibition complète à l'égard d'aucun des isolats cliniques à 100 mg/ml mais montrent un souci nettement inférieur à la plus faible concentration de. 25 mg/ml mieux.

  3. Résultats de recherche | Page 11 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La socialisation sexospécifique des très jeunes adolescents à l'école, et la santé sexuelle et reproductive. Les adolescents de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en particulier ceux issus de zones urbaines à faible revenu, sont très vulnérables en ce qui concerne la santé sexuelle et reproductive.

  4. Le Centre d'innovation pour la résilience de l'Afrique de l'Est | IDRC ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    D'ici 2025, la pauvreté sera essentiellement concentrée dans les pays africains à faible revenu touchés par des conflits et de la violence. ... International Water Resources Association, in close collaboration with IDRC, is holding a webinar titled “Climate change and adaptive water management: Innovative solutions from the ...

  5. Noise and Man 󈨡. Noise as a Public Health Problem. Proceedings of the International Congress (6th) Held in Nice on July 5 - 9, 1993

    Science.gov (United States)

    1993-07-01

    l’Ouest et le Japon . Ceci est refl&t6 dans plus de 60 contributions dans ce domaine de recherche A ce congres. Nous avons dO structurer ces nombreuses...en particulier en Europe et au Japon - prdvoient le ddveloppemnent de groupe mocopropulseurs A faible dmission de bruit et de pneus silencicux. Les

  6. Speech Understanding in Noise in the Bison Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) Mobile Command Post (MCP)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-01

    messages étaient présentés au moyen des haut-parleurs en présence de bruit dans le véhicule. Même si des notes relativement faibles ont été obtenues...Research Ethics Committee. Each subject read the protocol and provided informed consent before participating. The terms and conditions of remuneration

  7. effects of sulphur addition on addition on and mechanical properties

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    User

    on the microstructure and mechanical properties of sand cast been investigated ... owed that the addition of sulphur to Al-12wt%Si alloy. 12wt%Si alloy .... 28 materials. 29. Element. Aluminum. Silicon. Al. Si. Ca. Fe. Cu. Zn. Mn. Mg. Cr. B. 99.71.

  8. Drag reduction by natural polymeric additives in PMDS microchannel: Effect of types of additives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ling Fiona W.M.

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Drag reduction technology was used in medical applications to enhance the blood flow in semiclogged blood streams which can be an alternative treatment for atherosclerosis. In this present study, natural polymeric drag reducing additives (DRA was introduced to replace synthetic polymer which has the possibility of bringing side effects to human health. Three different sources, namely okra, aloe vera and hibiscus were utilized to extract the natural polymeric additives which were then tested in custom made microchannel simulating human heart blood vessels. The performance of different types of additives was evaluated using pressure measurements. The maximum drag reduction up to 63.48% is achieved using 300 ppm of hibiscus mucilage at operating pressure of 50 mbar. In this present work, hibiscus showed the best drag reduction performance, giving the highest %FI in most of the cases. This experimental results proved that these natural polymeric additives could be utilized as DRA in enhancing the blood flow in semiclogged blood streams.

  9. 76 FR 41687 - Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Hydroxypropyl Cellulose

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-15

    ... Organization and the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Expert Committee for Food Additives (JECFA) has... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Part 172 [Docket No. FDA-2010-F-0103] Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption...

  10. Évaluation d'une intervention intégrée visant à convaincre les ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Dans les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu intermédiaire où le tabagisme est répandu, la tuberculose constitue un problème majeur. ... ASSIST Pakistan : Action to Stop Smoking In Suspected Tuberculosis in Pakistan; an intervention to stop tobacco use among patients suspected of TB - evaluation of an integrated ...

  11. Résultats de recherche | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Élaboration et diffusion de diagnostics peu coûteux et sur support papier du virus Zika. L'éclosion du virus Zika montre qu'il faut pouvoir élaborer, analyser et diffuser rapidement et à faible coût des diagnostics à l'intention des régions exposées à cette menace pandémique. Projet.

  12. Gestion intégrée de l'eau et des nutriments pour la production ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le microdosage comporte l'ajout de petites quantités d'engrais au moment des semences ou peu de temps après la germination des graines. Bien que cette technologie puisse accroître les rendements dans une proportion pouvant atteindre 120 %, seulement 5 % des producteurs sahéliens l'utilisent. Ce faible taux ...

  13. Amélioration de la nutrition au Cambodge au moyen de l ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Amélioration de la nutrition au Cambodge au moyen de l'aquaculture et des jardins potagers domestiques (FCRSAI). Si l'on produit au Cambodge suffisamment de riz pour nourrir la population, la sous-alimentation maternelle et infantile y demeure quand même élevée en raison de la faible diversification des cultures et du ...

  14. India | Page 22 | IDRC - International Development Research Centre

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Taxation policy is one of the most powerful tools governments can employ to reduce smoking-related illnesses and death and to curb the enormous healthcare costs ... L'une des premières évaluations officielles d'un programme de services de garde d'enfants pour les ménages à faible revenu en Inde pourrait fournir des ...

  15. Gestion du risque et audit | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'innovation va de pair avec le risque, peu importe où la recherche a lieu. Puisque bon nombre de nos projets sont en place dans certains des pays les plus pauvres au monde, le CRDI fait souvent face à un autre niveau de risque, comme une faible infrastructure de recherche, des établissements fragiles, ainsi que des ...

  16. Augmenter le taux de vaccination et réduire la mortalité infantile à Haïti

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    2 mai 2016 ... Résultats de l'Initiative canadienne d'immunisation internationale pour Haïti À Haïti, un enfant sur quatorze ne survit pas assez longtemps pour fêter son premier anniversaire. Parmi les facteurs contributifs, citons les taux extrêmement faibles de vaccination à Haïti, qui sont parmi les plus bas au monde.

  17. Money, Power and HIV: Economic Influences and HIV Among Men ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Malgré les preuves cohérentes, les interventions efficaces et les déclarations politiques visant à réduire les infections par le VIH chez les hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH), la couverture des programmes des HSH en Afrique sub-saharienne (ASS) reste faible. Les cadres juridiques punitifs et ...

  18. Thailand : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Les économies à faible revenu dépendent énormément de l'agriculture, et la croissance dans ce secteur est responsable d'une plus grande réduction de la pauvreté que dans tout autre secteur. Région: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Viet Nam, Thailand, Canada. Programme: Employment and Growth. Financement total : CA$ ...

  19. South Africa : tous les projets | Page 6 | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 40,000.00. L'investissement étranger direct (IED) dans les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire. Project. Dans le cadre de ce projet, les chercheurs étudieront l'impact de l'investissement étranger direct (IED) sur l'efficience économique, ...

  20. Éliminer les obstacles à l'autonomisation économique des jeunes ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le programme CEDEF est un partenariat de cinq ans cofinancé par le Department for International Development du Royaume-Uni, la Fondation William et Flora Hewlett et le CRDI. Axé sur les pays à faible revenu de l'Afrique subsaharienne et de l'Asie du Sud, le programme CEDEF vise à soutenir les politiques et les ...

  1. Résultats de recherche | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Selon l'étude sur la charge mondiale de morbidité de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, ce sont les maladies non transmissibles liées à l'obésité qui pèseront le plus dans la charge de morbidité des pays à faible revenu et des pays à revenu inte. Projet.

  2. 1780-IJBCS-Article-Jean Christian Bitha

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    fixatrices d'azote, en vue de servir d'alternative pour améliorer la nutrition azotée et augmenter les rendements des cultures. Le rapport entre le taux de fixation de ... L'agriculture des pays d'Afrique tropicale est caractérisée par sa faible ..... territoriales pour concilier production agricole et gestion des ressources naturelles?

  3. Résultats de recherche | Page 24 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'appel à notes conceptuelles sur la dimension économique de la lutte antitabac dans les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu intermédiaire (PFR-PRI) offre jusqu'à 1 million de CAD sur un maximum de quatre ans pour appuyer des recherches fond. Region. North and Central America. Deadline. 15 décembre 2017.

  4. 1 1) Pourquoi est-ce que je ne parviens pas à ouvrir les formulaires ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    IDRC CRDI

    Faites vos calculs avec soin car votre demande pourrait ne pas être admissible.) 6) Existe-t-il une liste de pays admissibles dans lesquels mon établissement ou organisme est autorisé à travailler ou à avoir des partenaires ? Non, le CRDI n'a rien de tel; cependant, il ne soutient des travaux que dans les pays à faible.

  5. Résultats de recherche | Page 27 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Évaluation d'une intervention intégrée visant à convaincre les patients qu'on pense atteints de tuberculose de cesser de fumer (Pakistan). Dans les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu intermédiaire où le tabagisme est répandu, la tuberculose constitue un problème majeur. Projet.

  6. Food additives: an ethical evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mepham, Ben

    2011-01-01

    Food additives are an integral part of the modern food system, but opinion polls showing most Europeans have worries about them imply an urgent need for ethical analysis of their use. The existing literature on food ethics, safety assessment and animal testing. Food additives provide certain advantages in terms of many people's lifestyles. There are disagreements about the appropriate application of the precautionary principle and of the value and ethical validity of animal tests in assessing human safety. Most consumers have a poor understanding of the relative benefits and risks of additives, but concerns over food safety and animal testing remain high. Examining the impacts of food additives on consumer sovereignty, consumer health and on animals used in safety testing should allow a more informed debate about their appropriate uses.

  7. Addition Table of Colours: Additive and Subtractive Mixtures Described Using a Single Reasoning Model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mota, A. R.; Lopes dos Santos, J. M. B.

    2014-01-01

    Students' misconceptions concerning colour phenomena and the apparent complexity of the underlying concepts--due to the different domains of knowledge involved--make its teaching very difficult. We have developed and tested a teaching device, the addition table of colours (ATC), that encompasses additive and subtractive mixtures in a single…

  8. Classification automatique de documents bruités à faible contenu textuel

    OpenAIRE

    Laroum , Sami; Béchet , Nicolas; Hamza , Hatem; Roche , Mathieu

    2010-01-01

    National audience; La classification de documents numériques est une tâche complexe dans un flux numérique de gestion électronique de documents. Cependant, la quantité des documents issus de la retro-conversion d'OCR (Reconnaissance Optique de Caractères) constitue une problématique qui ne facilite pas la tâche de classification. Après l'étude et l'évaluation des descripteurs les mieux adaptés aux documents issus d'OCR, nous proposons une nouvelle approche de représentation des données textue...

  9. Hypersurfaces cubiques : équivalence rationnelle, R-équivalence et approximation faible

    OpenAIRE

    Madore , David

    2005-01-01

    version 2 en tout point identique à la version 1 (le PDF est rigoureusement le même) mais incluant les fichiers sources; This thesis presents some results concerning the arithmetic of rationally connected varieties and, more specifically, cubic hypersurfaces, in three main directions: rational equivalence, R-equivalence, and weak approximation. In the first part, we describe explicitly the specialization of R-equivalence. The second part deals with the vanishing of the Chow group of 0-cycles ...

  10. Food additives and preschool children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martyn, Danika M; McNulty, Breige A; Nugent, Anne P; Gibney, Michael J

    2013-02-01

    Food additives have been used throughout history to perform specific functions in foods. A comprehensive framework of legislation is in place within Europe to control the use of additives in the food supply and ensure they pose no risk to human health. Further to this, exposure assessments are regularly carried out to monitor population intakes and verify that intakes are not above acceptable levels (acceptable daily intakes). Young children may have a higher dietary exposure to chemicals than adults due to a combination of rapid growth rates and distinct food intake patterns. For this reason, exposure assessments are particularly important in this age group. The paper will review the use of additives and exposure assessment methods and examine factors that affect dietary exposure by young children. One of the most widely investigated unfavourable health effects associated with food additive intake in preschool-aged children are suggested adverse behavioural effects. Research that has examined this relationship has reported a variety of responses, with many noting an increase in hyperactivity as reported by parents but not when assessed using objective examiners. This review has examined the experimental approaches used in such studies and suggests that efforts are needed to standardise objective methods of measuring behaviour in preschool children. Further to this, a more holistic approach to examining food additive intakes by preschool children is advisable, where overall exposure is considered rather than focusing solely on behavioural effects and possibly examining intakes of food additives other than food colours.

  11. Versatility of cooperative transcriptional activation: a thermodynamical modeling analysis for greater-than-additive and less-than-additive effects.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Till D Frank

    Full Text Available We derive a statistical model of transcriptional activation using equilibrium thermodynamics of chemical reactions. We examine to what extent this statistical model predicts synergy effects of cooperative activation of gene expression. We determine parameter domains in which greater-than-additive and less-than-additive effects are predicted for cooperative regulation by two activators. We show that the statistical approach can be used to identify different causes of synergistic greater-than-additive effects: nonlinearities of the thermostatistical transcriptional machinery and three-body interactions between RNA polymerase and two activators. In particular, our model-based analysis suggests that at low transcription factor concentrations cooperative activation cannot yield synergistic greater-than-additive effects, i.e., DNA transcription can only exhibit less-than-additive effects. Accordingly, transcriptional activity turns from synergistic greater-than-additive responses at relatively high transcription factor concentrations into less-than-additive responses at relatively low concentrations. In addition, two types of re-entrant phenomena are predicted. First, our analysis predicts that under particular circumstances transcriptional activity will feature a sequence of less-than-additive, greater-than-additive, and eventually less-than-additive effects when for fixed activator concentrations the regulatory impact of activators on the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter increases from weak, to moderate, to strong. Second, for appropriate promoter conditions when activator concentrations are increased then the aforementioned re-entrant sequence of less-than-additive, greater-than-additive, and less-than-additive effects is predicted as well. Finally, our model-based analysis suggests that even for weak activators that individually induce only negligible increases in promoter activity, promoter activity can exhibit greater-than-additive

  12. Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Clausen, Anders

    This PhD thesis deals with the combination of topology optimization and additive man-ufacturing (AM, also known as 3D-printing). In addition to my own works, the thesis contains a broader review and assessment of the literature within the field. The thesis first presents a classification...... of the various AM technologies, a review of relevant manufacturing materials, the properties of these materials in the additively manufactured part, as well as manufacturing constraints with a potential for design optimization. Subsequently, specific topology optimization formulations relevant for the most im...... for scalable manufacturing. In relation to interface problems it is shown how a flexible void area may be included into a standard minimum compliance problem by employing an additional design variable field and a sensitivity filter. Furthermore, it is shown how the design of coated structures may be modeled...

  13. Non-additive measure and integral

    CERN Document Server

    Denneberg, Dieter

    1994-01-01

    Non-Additive Measure and Integral is the first systematic approach to the subject. Much of the additive theory (convergence theorems, Lebesgue spaces, representation theorems) is generalized, at least for submodular measures which are characterized by having a subadditive integral. The theory is of interest for applications to economic decision theory (decisions under risk and uncertainty), to statistics (including belief functions, fuzzy measures) to cooperative game theory, artificial intelligence, insurance, etc. Non-Additive Measure and Integral collects the results of scattered and often isolated approaches to non-additive measures and their integrals which originate in pure mathematics, potential theory, statistics, game theory, economic decision theory and other fields of application. It unifies, simplifies and generalizes known results and supplements the theory with new results, thus providing a sound basis for applications and further research in this growing field of increasing interest. It also co...

  14. 21 CFR 25.32 - Foods, food additives, and color additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... use in food, drugs, devices, or cosmetics. (d) Testing and certification of batches of a color... for humans or animals on FDA's initiative or in response to a petition, under parts 182, 184, 186, or... for humans or animals to use as animal feeds. (i) Approval of a food additive petition or GRAS...

  15. Modification of the sulphur resistance of platinum by addition of metals for aromatics hydrogenation; Modification de la thioresistance du platine par ajouts d'elements metalliques pour l'hydrogenation d'aromatiques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guillon, E

    1999-09-15

    The aim of this study is based on the understanding of sulphur resistance of platinum catalytic systems. In this work, bimetallic systems (Pt-Ge, Pt-Au and Pt-Pd) supported on {gamma}-alumina have been studied. Preparation methods have been chosen to give the best control of the physicochemical properties of final system. Electronic and geometrical properties of the metallic phase were characterised by various techniques (TPR, infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO (IR(CO)), EXAFS, LEIS). Ortho-xylene hydrogenation in presence of 100 ppm of sulphur was used as model catalytic test in order to study the sulphur resistance of the catalysts. It has been shown that germanium and palladium act as electro-acceptors toward platinum. The ranking of catalytic activity in presence of sulphur is as followed: Pt-Pd > Pt-Au {approx_equal} Pt >> Pt-Ge {approx_equal} 0. The best sulphur resistance for Pt-Pd was obtained for the composition Pt{sub 20}Pd{sub 80} (Pd/Pt=4). An eggshell PdS structure with Pt (sulfur free) core is proposed. These works show that the sulphur resistance of platinum is not only linked with its electronic properties. They allow us to propose an original concept of sulphur resistant catalyst taking into account each catalytic parameters such as chemical bonding of S and aromatic compounds on the metallic site, physico-chemical characteristics of the bimetallic aggregates (particle size, structure, surface composition) and electronic modification of surface atoms in bimetallic catalysts. (author)

  16. The Philosophical Consideration about Food Additives

    OpenAIRE

    Baoyu Ma

    2015-01-01

    This study mainly analyzes the essential features of food additives technology from the angle of philosophy, explaining the essential characteristics of food additives technology. As for the attitude towards the application of food additives, it is influenced by the public's gender, age, educational level, occupation and monthly expenditure for buying non-staple food and other variables, thus, the attitude towards food additives and green food, as well as the attitude towards using artificial...

  17. Nouvelle filière technologique de circuits micro-ondes coplanaires à faibles pertes et à faible dispersion sur membrane composite d'oxyde et de nitrure de silicium

    OpenAIRE

    Saint-Etienne , Eric

    1998-01-01

    This memoir treats of the elaboration and validation of a new manufacturing process for microwave circuits. Chapter I shows the advantages of coplanar-type structures and the possibility of minimizing losses and frequency dispersion by replacing the wafer with a membrane. Chapter II sets out the development of a membrane composed of silicon-oxide and -nitride. 1.4 µm - thick membranes of 5 mm x 10 mm are shown feasible with silicon chemical micro-machining ; the membranes stand up to 0.5 bar ...

  18. Behaviors of Polymer Additives Under EHL and Influences of Interactions Between Additives on Friction Modification

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakurai, T.

    1984-01-01

    Polymer additives have become requisite for the formulation of multigrade engine oils. The behavior of polymethacrylate (PMA)-thickened oils as lubricants in concentrated contacts under nominal rolling and pure sliding conditions was investigated by conventional optical interferometry. The PMA thickened oils behaved differently from the base oil in the formation of elastohydrodynamic (EHL) films. The higher the elastohydrodynamic molecular weight of the PMA contained in the lubricant, the thinner was the oil film under EHL conditions. The film thickness of shear-degraded PMA-thickened oils was also investigated. The behavior of graphite particles dispersed in both the base oil and the PMA-thickened oil was studied under pure sliding by taking photomicrographs. Many kinds of additives are contained in lubricating oil and the interactions between additives are considered. The interactions of zinc-organodithiophosphates (ZDP) with other additives is discussed.

  19. How Safe Are Color Additives?

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Linkedin Pin it Email Print Subscribe: FDA Consumer Health Information Color additives give the red tint to your fruit punch ... in Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, and Medical Devices Color Additives: FDA's Regulatory Process and Historical Perspectives ... Health Cosmetics Dietary Supplements Drugs Food Medical Devices Nutrition ...

  20. Apparatus for studying the diffusion of rare gases in stainless steel; Appareil pour etude de la diffusion des gaz rares dans l'acier inoxydable

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stohr, J A; Alfille, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1959-07-01

    This apparatus enables measurements to be carried out on the diffusion of gaseous fission products and of gases in general across thin metallic walls at high temperatures. This work was initially intended to solve the problems involved in systems for detecting the rupture of a fuel element can (D.R.G.) by the diffusion of fission products through the cans at high temperatures. The extension of the work to other fields is envisaged. (author) [French] Cet appareil permet d'effectuer des mesures sur la diffusion des produits de fission gazeux, et des gaz en general, au travers de parois metalliques minces a haute temperature. Au depart, ce procede devait contribuer a resoudre les problemes poses aux systemes detecteurs de rupture de gaine (D.R.G.), par la diffusion des produits de fission au travers des gaines de cartouches a haute temperature. Son extension a d'autres etudes est envisagee. (auteur)

  1. 77 FR 13009 - Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-05

    ... Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Identification of Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel Pathways Under the Renewable Fuel Standard Program AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Withdrawal... Renewable Fuel Standard program regulations. Because EPA received adverse comment, we are withdrawing the...

  2. Merits and Demerits of Food Additives

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Xuening; YANG; Yong; ZHAN

    2014-01-01

    Food additive is a double-edged sword. It has merits and demerits. Food additives have such merits as improving sensory properties of foods,preventing deterioration and extending the shelf life,increasing varieties of foods,enhancing convenience of foods,facilitating food processing,and satisfying other demands. However,excessive and illegal use of food additives will exert adverse influence on food security.Therefore,it is required to take proper measures to bring merits of food additives into full play,and get rid of their demerits.

  3. Density measures and additive property

    OpenAIRE

    Kunisada, Ryoichi

    2015-01-01

    We deal with finitely additive measures defined on all subsets of natural numbers which extend the asymptotic density (density measures). We consider a class of density measures which are constructed from free ultrafilters on natural numbers and study a certain additivity property of such density measures.

  4. Prevalence of Food Additive Intolerance

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, Charlotte Bernhard

    1994-01-01

    The prevalence estimates vary with a factor 100. As the results vary so do the study populations. 6 If the different study populations are accounted for, a common conclusion can be drawn: Food additive intolerance is found in adults with atopic symptoms from the respiratory tract and skin. The prevalence......1 The existing prevalence estimates of food additive intolerance(1-4) are being reviewed. 2 In the EEC report the estimated frequency of food additive intolerance is 0.03% to 0.15% based on data from patient groups. 3 The British population study results in a prevalence estimate of 0.......026%. The challenged population is 81 children and adults with a history of reproducible clinical symptoms after ingestion of food additives. 4 In the Danish population study a prevalence of 1-2% is found in children age 5-16. In this study a total of 606 children mainly with atopic disease have been challenged. 5...

  5. Utility of noise addition image made by using water phantom and image addition and subtraction software

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watanabe, Ryo; Aoki, Takahiro; Hayano, Mizuho; Ogawa, Masato; Mituzono, Hiroki; Watanabe, Yuka

    2010-01-01

    In optimizing exposures, it is very important to evaluate the impact of image noise on image quality. To realize this, there is a need to evaluate how much image noise will make the subject disease invisible. But generally it is very difficult to shoot images of different quality in a clinical examination. Thus, a method to create a noise addition image by adding the image noise to raw data has been reported. However, this approach requires a special system, so it is difficult to implement in many facilities. We have invented a method to easily create a noise addition image by using the water phantom and image add-subtract software that accompanies the device. To create a noise addition image, first we made a noise image by subtracting the water phantom with different standard deviation (SD). A noise addition image was then created by adding the noise image to the original image. By using this method, a simulation image with intergraded SD can be created from the original. Moreover, the noise frequency component of the created noise addition image is as same as the real image. Thus, the relationship of image quality to SD in the clinical image can be evaluated. Although this method is an easy method of LDSI creation on image data, a noise addition image can be easily created by using image addition and subtraction software and water phantom, and this can be implemented in many facilities. (author)

  6. Estimating additive and non-additive genetic variances and predicting genetic merits using genome-wide dense single nucleotide polymorphism markers.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guosheng Su

    Full Text Available Non-additive genetic variation is usually ignored when genome-wide markers are used to study the genetic architecture and genomic prediction of complex traits in human, wild life, model organisms or farm animals. However, non-additive genetic effects may have an important contribution to total genetic variation of complex traits. This study presented a genomic BLUP model including additive and non-additive genetic effects, in which additive and non-additive genetic relation matrices were constructed from information of genome-wide dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP markers. In addition, this study for the first time proposed a method to construct dominance relationship matrix using SNP markers and demonstrated it in detail. The proposed model was implemented to investigate the amounts of additive genetic, dominance and epistatic variations, and assessed the accuracy and unbiasedness of genomic predictions for daily gain in pigs. In the analysis of daily gain, four linear models were used: 1 a simple additive genetic model (MA, 2 a model including both additive and additive by additive epistatic genetic effects (MAE, 3 a model including both additive and dominance genetic effects (MAD, and 4 a full model including all three genetic components (MAED. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability were 0.397, 0.373, 0.379 and 0.357 for models MA, MAE, MAD and MAED, respectively. Estimated dominance variance and additive by additive epistatic variance accounted for 5.6% and 9.5% of the total phenotypic variance, respectively. Based on model MAED, the estimate of broad-sense heritability was 0.506. Reliabilities of genomic predicted breeding values for the animals without performance records were 28.5%, 28.8%, 29.2% and 29.5% for models MA, MAE, MAD and MAED, respectively. In addition, models including non-additive genetic effects improved unbiasedness of genomic predictions.

  7. 76 FR 47210 - Notices of Filing of Petitions for Food Additives and Color Additives; Relocation in the Federal...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0518] Notices of Filing of Petitions for Food Additives and Color Additives; Relocation in the Federal Register...) is notifying the public that notices of filing of petitions for food additives and color additives...

  8. Adsorption of molecular additive onto lead halide perovskite surfaces: A computational study on Lewis base thiophene additive passivation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Lei; Yu, Fengxi; Chen, Lihong; Li, Jingfa

    2018-06-01

    Organic additives, such as the Lewis base thiophene, have been successfully applied to passivate halide perovskite surfaces, improving the stability and properties of perovskite devices based on CH3NH3PbI3. Yet, the detailed nanostructure of the perovskite surface passivated by additives and the mechanisms of such passivation are not well understood. This study presents a nanoscopic view on the interfacial structure of an additive/perovskite interface, consisting of a Lewis base thiophene molecular additive and a lead halide perovskite surface substrate, providing insights on the mechanisms that molecular additives can passivate the halide perovskite surfaces and enhance the perovskite-based device performance. Molecular dynamics study on the interactions between water molecules and the perovskite surfaces passivated by the investigated additive reveal the effectiveness of employing the molecular additives to improve the stability of the halide perovskite materials. The additive/perovskite surface system is further probed via molecular engineering the perovskite surfaces. This study reveals the nanoscopic structure-property relationships of the halide perovskite surface passivated by molecular additives, which helps the fundamental understanding of the surface/interface engineering strategies for the development of halide perovskite based devices.

  9. Evaluation of certain food additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-01-01

    This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to concluding as to safety concerns and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives, including flavouring agents. A summary follows of the Committee’s evaluations of technical, toxicological and dietary exposure data for 10 food additives (Allura Red AC; carob bean gum; lutein esters from Tagetes erecta; octenyl succinic acid (OSA)– modified gum arabic; pectin; Quinoline Yellow; rosemary extract; steviol glycosides; tartrazine; and xanthan gum) and five groups of flavouring agents (alicyclic, alicyclic-fused and aromatic-fused ring lactones; aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides; aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; cinnamyl alcohol and related substances; and tetrahydrofuran and furanone derivatives). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: aspartame; cassia gum; citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol (CITREM); modified starches; octanoic acid; starch sodium octenyl succinate; and total colouring matters. Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee’s recommendations for dietary exposures to and toxicological evaluations of all of the food additives, including flavouring agents, considered at this meeting.

  10. The dilemma of allergy to food additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bahna, Sami L; Burkhardt, Joshua G

    2018-01-01

    To provide a brief summary on food additives and to outline a practical approach for evaluating subjects suspected of having reactions to food additives. Information was derived from selected reviews and original articles published in peer-reviewed journals, supplemented by the clinical experience of the authors. Priority was given to studies that used blinded, placebo controlled, oral challenges to confirm adverse reactions to food additives. In addition, selected, appropriately evaluated case reports were included. A large number of food additives are widely used in the food industry. Allergic reactions to additives seem to be rare but are very likely underdiagnosed, primarily due to a low index of suspicion. A wide variety of symptoms to food additives have been reported, but a cause-and-effect relationship has not been well documented in the majority of cases. Reactions to food additives should be suspected in patients who report symptoms related to multiple foods or to a certain food when commercially prepared but not when home made. It is also prudent to investigate food additives in subjects considered to have "idiopathic" reactions. Except for a limited number of natural additives, there is a small role for skin tests or in vitro testing. Oral challenge, in stages, with commonly used additives is the definitive procedure for detecting the offending agent. Once the specific additive is identified, management is strict avoidance, which can be difficult.

  11. Septic tank additive impacts on microbial populations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pradhan, S; Hoover, M T; Clark, G H; Gumpertz, M; Wollum, A G; Cobb, C; Strock, J

    2008-01-01

    Environmental health specialists, other onsite wastewater professionals, scientists, and homeowners have questioned the effectiveness of septic tank additives. This paper describes an independent, third-party, field scale, research study of the effects of three liquid bacterial septic tank additives and a control (no additive) on septic tank microbial populations. Microbial populations were measured quarterly in a field study for 12 months in 48 full-size, functioning septic tanks. Bacterial populations in the 48 septic tanks were statistically analyzed with a mixed linear model. Additive effects were assessed for three septic tank maintenance levels (low, intermediate, and high). Dunnett's t-test for tank bacteria (alpha = .05) indicated that none of the treatments were significantly different, overall, from the control at the statistical level tested. In addition, the additives had no significant effects on septic tank bacterial populations at any of the septic tank maintenance levels. Additional controlled, field-based research iswarranted, however, to address additional additives and experimental conditions.

  12. Hydronéphrose géante sur rein ectopique pelvien révélée par un ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    R. Yassine

    L'imagerie par résonnance magnétique (MRU magnetic resonance urography) est un excellent examen diagnostic, qui permet une évaluation précise tant morphologique que fonctionnelle [7]. Elle peut-être proposée en première intention; mais dans notre contexte, du fait de sa faible disponibilité, nous n'y recourons qu'en ...

  13. Tabagisme, tabagisme passif, maladies chroniques et pauvreté en ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La mondialisation de l'industrie du tabac constitue une menace grave pour la santé publique dans le monde entier. À l'heure actuelle, en Chine, le taux de tabagisme est très élevé chez les hommes (63 %) et plutôt faible chez les femmes (4 %). Cependant, ces taux risquent d'augmenter, en particulier chez les femmes et ...

  14. 288 Géomorphologie structurale et risque naturel dans une portion ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Tandus

    montrent que cette région a été affectée par trois phases de déformation .... par une répartition inégale des contraintes sur des matériaux à rhéologie .... de la faible charge solide transportée et libérée brutalement sous l'effet du changement ...

  15. Research

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    raoul

    16 févr. 2012 ... Page number not for citation purposes. 1. Prévalence du ... cigarettes. L'initiation du tabagisme à souvent été tardive (21,5 ans) et la dépendance est absente ou faible chez 33% des fumeurs. Les personnes pensent que ..... Idrissi Hassaria E. Tabagisme dans les structures sanitaires à Laayoune. Mémoire ...

  16. South of Sahara | Page 11 | IDRC - International Development ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La productivité agricole en Afrique centrale et occidentale demeure faible, mais il existe un solide potentiel de recherche pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans la région. La mise en place d'une production agricole durable est essentielle à des stratégies efficaces pour une croissance économique durable ...

  17. Étude du Partenariat de recherche sur l'influenza aviaire en Asie sur ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Étude du Partenariat de recherche sur l'influenza aviaire en Asie sur l'efficacité des mesures de lutte. L'influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (H5N1) est une grave maladie qui touche la volaille et contamine les êtres humains dans une faible proportion. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé croit que le virus pourrait subir ...

  18. Effets de certaines pratiques oenologiques telles que : pied de cuve, sulfitage et régulation du pH sur la flore de fermentation dans les moûts de Xérès

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel José Valcárcel Muñoz

    1990-06-01

    Les résultats mettent en évidence l'efficacité de l'usage correct du pied de cuve contenant des levures sélectionnées, l'influence relativement faible de la régulation du pH sur la flore blastomicète, et enfin la sélection correcte de la flore par un sulfitage adéquat.

  19. Untitled

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    , paraît donc considérable ; ceci se manifeste par l'augmentation de la résistivité apparente, et par conséquent, celle de la profondeur de pénétration. Les autres stations (A, A, A, As ; B,. B) sont situées à l'intérieur bassin, les faibles résistivités.

  20. Le pouvoir des services de garde d'enfants | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    1 mai 2017 ... L'une des premières évaluations officielles d'un programme de services de garde d'enfants pour les ménages à faible revenu en Inde pourrait fournir des données empiriques permettant d'améliorer l'égalité des sexes au pays et au-delà de ses frontières.

  1. : tous les projets | Page 624 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Dans le cadre de ce projet, les chercheurs étudieront l'impact de l'investissement étranger direct (IED) sur l'efficience économique, la pauvreté et les inégalités dans les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire. Date de début : 10 mars 2006. End Date: 10 janvier 2009. Sujet: FOREIGN INVESTMENT, DIRECT ...

  2. Résultats de recherche | Page 33 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Diffuser à grande échelle l'apprentissage numérique au Kenya. Dans les pays en développement, des millions d'enfants n'ont pas accès à une éducation de base de qualité. À titre d'exemple, en 2012, seulement un tiers des enfants de pays à faible revenu terminaient l'école primaire. Projet.

  3. kenya : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Affichage 1 - 10 de 122. La socialisation sexospécifique des très jeunes adolescents à l'école, et la santé sexuelle et reproductive. Projet. Les adolescents de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en particulier ceux issus de zones urbaines à faible revenu, sont très vulnérables en ce qui concerne la santé sexuelle et reproductive.

  4. Favoriser la croissance économique des femmes dans les pays à ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le CEDEF est un partenariat quinquennal concerté réunissant le Department for International Development (DFID) du Royaume-Uni, la William and Flora Hewlett Foundation et le CRDI. Axé sur les pays à faible revenu de l'Afrique subsaharienne et de l'Asie du Sud, le programme, qui a été lancé en 2013, vise à soutenir ...

  5. Emploi et croissance | Page 25 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Non seulement les pauvres ont-ils de faibles revenus, mais surtout, ces revenus sont très instables. Ainsi, les ménages pauvres sont particulièrement vulnérables face aux imprévus. En cas de perte d'emploi, de maladie ou de mauvaise récolte, la principale source de protection sociale vers laquelle ils peuvent se tourner ...

  6. Gender | Page 25 | IDRC - International Development Research ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La productivité agricole en Afrique centrale et occidentale demeure faible, mais il existe un solide potentiel de recherche pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans la région. La mise en place d'une production agricole durable est essentielle à des stratégies efficaces pour une croissance économique durable ...

  7. Transformer l'agriculture en Afrique centrale et occidentale grâce à ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    29 août 2017 ... La productivité agricole en Afrique centrale et occidentale demeure faible, mais il existe un solide potentiel de recherche pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans la région. La mise en place d'une production agricole durable est essentielle à des stratégies efficaces pour une croissance ...

  8. SIG POSTER

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    analphabètes. Créer des programmes novateurs pour accroître la productivité et les revenus des jeunes travailleurs autonomes. Traiter les causes profondes des faibles taux de réussite scolaire. Éliminer les obstacles qui limitent le potentiel des femmes. Établir une base de données probantes permettant de créer des ...

  9. Résultats de recherche | Page 10 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    ... physique et du transport actif chez les enfants d'âge scolaire au Kenya, au Nigeria et au Mozambique. Les maladies non transmissibles (MNT) représentent un important problème de santé publique à l'échelle mondiale. Les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu intermédiaire (PFR-PRI) sont particulièrement touchés.

  10. Contribution a l'étude physicochimique de l'écosystème lacustre ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Contribution a l'étude physicochimique de l'écosystème lacustre Dayet Aoua au Maroc. ... Les analyses des formes azotées et des orthophosphates des eaux du lac donnent des valeurs très faibles, et ne décèlent aucune sorte de pollution de type organique pouvant engendrer son eutrophisation, ce qui permet de le ...

  11. Programme conjoint canado-israélien de recherche en santé | CRDI ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La recherche en immunologie peut aussi cibler certains des plus graves problèmes de santé des pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire, comme le VIH/sida, le cancer, le développement de vaccins et les maladies infectieuses. À cette fin, le Programme conjoint canado-israélien de recherche en santé appuie 6 ...

  12. Maintenance in Service of High Temperature Parts

    Science.gov (United States)

    1982-01-01

    Olastiquc est vraisembiabije.•amnt plot faibIc, - iu•i peut mkne conduire a cv qgo’ l soilt sollicit6 dans le damaine plastique . De meme, a faible...taux de ddformation, on1 ravCttment mq-se fragile pourvu qu’i soit soilicitl en leqgA de son domaice de ddfonmation plastique n’a pas ci 6 Ll

  13. Résultats de recherche | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le chômage persistant chez les jeunes qui vivent dans des collectivités à faible revenu (on les appelle aussi " jeunes à risque ") est relié en partie au mauvais fonctionnement du marché du travail dans les pays en développement. Projet. -. Bourse de recherche postdoctorale sur l'Amérique centrale et les Caraïbes au ...

  14. Gestion intégrée du mildiou du mil en station au centre régional de ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    user

    Le mil (Pennicetum glaucum) L.R.Br constitue 75% de la production céréalière du Niger. Cependant, son rendement est très faible dû à plusieurs types de contraintes. La maladie du mildiou du mil causé par un champignon Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc) Schroët, occupe une place importante. L'objectif de cette étude.

  15. Estimating Additive and Non-Additive Genetic Variances and Predicting Genetic Merits Using Genome-Wide Dense Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Su, Guosheng; Christensen, Ole Fredslund; Ostersen, Tage

    2012-01-01

    of genomic predictions for daily gain in pigs. In the analysis of daily gain, four linear models were used: 1) a simple additive genetic model (MA), 2) a model including both additive and additive by additive epistatic genetic effects (MAE), 3) a model including both additive and dominance genetic effects...

  16. Additive manufacturing in maxillofacial reconstruction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dincă Luciana Laura

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available In this paper the benefits of using additive manufacturing technologies in maxillofacial reconstruction are highlighted. Based on a real clinical case, the paper describes the manufacture of an implant prototype replacing the right zygomatic bone and a part of maxilla using additive manufacturing technologies. The face is the most expressive part of the human body that makes us unique. It was shown that the maxillofacial prostheses help to improve the psychological state of patients affected by, because low self esteem feeling appears commonly to this patients with the facial defects. The aim of this paper is to show how using additive manufacturing technologies methods within this research, the producing a surgical model will help surgeon to improve the pre-operative planning. For this we used additive manufacturing technologies such as Stereolitography to achieve the biomodel and FDM-fused deposition modelling to obtain a prototype model because these technologies make it possible to obtain prosthesis according to the physical and mechanical requirements of the region of implantation.

  17. Additivity vs Synergism: Investigation of the Additive Interaction of Cinnamon Bark Oil and Meropenem in Combinatory Therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Shun-Kai; Yusoff, Khatijah; Mai, Chun-Wai; Lim, Wei-Meng; Yap, Wai-Sum; Lim, Swee-Hua Erin; Lai, Kok-Song

    2017-11-04

    Combinatory therapies have been commonly applied in the clinical setting to tackle multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and these have frequently proven to be effective. Specifically, combinatory therapies resulting in synergistic interactions between antibiotics and adjuvant have been the main focus due to their effectiveness, sidelining the effects of additivity, which also lowers the minimal effective dosage of either antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study was undertaken to look at the effects of additivity between essential oils and antibiotic, via the use of cinnamon bark essential oil (CBO) and meropenem as a model for additivity. Comparisons between synergistic and additive interaction of CBO were performed in terms of the ability of CBO to disrupt bacterial membrane, via zeta potential measurement, outer membrane permeability assay and scanning electron microscopy. It has been found that the additivity interaction between CBO and meropenem showed similar membrane disruption ability when compared to those synergistic combinations which was previously reported. Hence, results based on our studies strongly suggest that additive interaction acts on a par with synergistic interaction. Therefore, further investigation in additive interaction between antibiotics and adjuvant should be performed for a more in depth understanding of the mechanism and the impacts of such interaction.

  18. Additivity vs Synergism: Investigation of the Additive Interaction of Cinnamon Bark Oil and Meropenem in Combinatory Therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shun-Kai Yang

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Combinatory therapies have been commonly applied in the clinical setting to tackle multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and these have frequently proven to be effective. Specifically, combinatory therapies resulting in synergistic interactions between antibiotics and adjuvant have been the main focus due to their effectiveness, sidelining the effects of additivity, which also lowers the minimal effective dosage of either antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study was undertaken to look at the effects of additivity between essential oils and antibiotic, via the use of cinnamon bark essential oil (CBO and meropenem as a model for additivity. Comparisons between synergistic and additive interaction of CBO were performed in terms of the ability of CBO to disrupt bacterial membrane, via zeta potential measurement, outer membrane permeability assay and scanning electron microscopy. It has been found that the additivity interaction between CBO and meropenem showed similar membrane disruption ability when compared to those synergistic combinations which was previously reported. Hence, results based on our studies strongly suggest that additive interaction acts on a par with synergistic interaction. Therefore, further investigation in additive interaction between antibiotics and adjuvant should be performed for a more in depth understanding of the mechanism and the impacts of such interaction.

  19. Color Addition and Subtraction Apps

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruiz, Frances; Ruiz, Michael J.

    2015-01-01

    Color addition and subtraction apps in HTML5 have been developed for students as an online hands-on experience so that they can more easily master principles introduced through traditional classroom demonstrations. The evolution of the additive RGB color model is traced through the early IBM color adapters so that students can proceed step by step…

  20. Drag reduction by natural polymeric additives in PMDS microchannel: Effect of types of additives

    OpenAIRE

    Ling Fiona W.M.; Abdulbari Hayder A.

    2017-01-01

    Drag reduction technology was used in medical applications to enhance the blood flow in semiclogged blood streams which can be an alternative treatment for atherosclerosis. In this present study, natural polymeric drag reducing additives (DRA) was introduced to replace synthetic polymer which has the possibility of bringing side effects to human health. Three different sources, namely okra, aloe vera and hibiscus were utilized to extract the natural polymeric additives which were then tested ...

  1. 76 FR 16285 - Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Bacteriophage...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-23

    ... mammalian cells. (See discussion at 71 FR 47729 at 47730). As such, traditional animal testing of the... 51758 at 51759, August 25, 2000). Suitability relates to the effectiveness of the ingredient in... additive be shown to be safe prior to marketing. Under Sec. 170.3(i), a food additive is ``safe'' if...

  2. Additive manufacturing of tunable lenses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schlichting, Katja; Novak, Tobias; Heinrich, Andreas

    2017-02-01

    Individual additive manufacturing of optical systems based on 3D Printing offers varied possibilities in design and usage. In addition to the additive manufacturing procedure, the usage of tunable lenses allows further advantages for intelligent optical systems. Our goal is to bring the advantages of additive manufacturing together with the huge potential of tunable lenses. We produced tunable lenses as a bundle without any further processing steps, like polishing. The lenses were designed and directly printed with a 3D Printer as a package. The design contains the membrane as an optical part as well as the mechanical parts of the lens, like the attachments for the sleeves which contain the oil. The dynamic optical lenses were filled with an oil. The focal length of the lenses changes due to a change of the radius of curvature. This change is caused by changing the pressure in the inside of the lens. In addition to that, we designed lenses with special structures to obtain different areas with an individual optical power. We want to discuss the huge potential of this technology for several applications. Further, an appropriate controlling system is needed. Wéll show the possibilities to control and regulate the optical power of the lenses. The lenses could be used for illumination tasks, and in the future, for individual measurement tasks. The main advantage is the individuality and the possibility to create an individual design which completely fulfills the requirements for any specific application.

  3. Harnessing the Potential of Additive Manufacturing

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-12-01

    31 Defense AT&L: November-December 2016 Harnessing the Potential of Additive Manufacturing Bill Decker Decker is director of Technology...achieve its goal of competition throughout the acquisition life cycle. When we look at additive manufacturing , we have a much different environment. To...Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion. This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V

  4. Terminal addition in a cellular world.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Torday, J S; Miller, William B

    2018-07-01

    Recent advances in our understanding of evolutionary development permit a reframed appraisal of Terminal Addition as a continuous historical process of cellular-environmental complementarity. Within this frame of reference, evolutionary terminal additions can be identified as environmental induction of episodic adjustments to cell-cell signaling patterns that yield the cellular-molecular pathways that lead to differing developmental forms. Phenotypes derive, thereby, through cellular mutualistic/competitive niche constructions in reciprocating responsiveness to environmental stresses and epigenetic impacts. In such terms, Terminal Addition flows according to a logic of cellular needs confronting environmental challenges over space-time. A reconciliation of evolutionary development and Terminal Addition can be achieved through a combined focus on cell-cell signaling, molecular phylogenies and a broader understanding of epigenetic phenomena among eukaryotic organisms. When understood in this manner, Terminal Addition has an important role in evolutionary development, and chronic disease might be considered as a form of 'reverse evolution' of the self-same processes. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  5. Biocompatibility of photopolymers for additive manufacturing

    OpenAIRE

    Leonhardt Stefan; Klare Martin; Scheer Maurice; Fischer Theresa; Cordes Burghard; Eblenkamp Markus

    2016-01-01

    To establish photopolymers for the production of class II or class III medical products by additive manufacturing it is essential to know which components of photopolymeric systems, consisting of monomers, photoinitiators and additives, are the determining factors on their biocompatible properties. In this study the leachable substances of a cured photopolymeric system were eluted and identified by HPLC-MS detection. In addition the cured photopolymer was testes for cytotoxicity and genotoxic...

  6. Jauch-Piron States and σ-Additivity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bunce, L. J.; Hamhalter, Jan

    We study σ-additivity of the physically plausible Jauch-Piron states on a von Neumann algebra M. Amongst other consequences we extend our earlier results [5] by showing that geometric conditions much weaker than pureness imply σ-additivity for a Jauch-Piron state and, further, that if M is properly infinite and the continuum hypothesis is assumed to be true then all Jauch-Piron factor states are σ-additive.

  7. Lanthanum additions and the toughness of ultra-high strength steels and the determination of appropriate lanthanum additions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garrison, Warren M.; Maloney, James L.

    2005-01-01

    Studies of commercial heats of AF1410 steel suggest that under appropriate conditions additions of rare-earth elements can significantly enhance fracture toughness. This improvement in toughness is not due to an extremely low inclusion volume fraction but is apparently due to the formation of larger and more widely spaced inclusions. The purpose of this work is to discuss our experience in using rare-earth additions to laboratory scale vacuum induction melted and subsequently vacuum arc remelted heats of ultra-high strength steels to achieve inclusion distributions similar to those observed in commercial heats modified with lanthanum additions. The results indicate that lanthanum additions of 0.015 wt.% to low sulfur steels which have been well deoxidized using carbon-vacuum deoxidation can result in lanthanum rich inclusions which are similar in size, volume fraction and spacing to those obtained in commercially produced heats of ultra-high strength steel to which lanthanum has been added. The heat of steel to which lanthanum additions of 0.015 wt.% were made had significantly higher toughness than did the heat of the same steel in which the sulfur had been gettered as small and closely spaced particles of MnS and which had an inclusion volume fraction similar to that of the heat modified by the addition of 0.015 wt.% lanthanum. This improvement in toughness was attributed to an increase in inclusion spacing. An addition of 0.06 wt.% lanthanum was excessive. Such an addition of lanthanum resulted in a huge volume fraction of large cuboidal inclusions which primarily contain lanthanum and oxygen and which are extremely detrimental to toughness

  8. Wide and High Additive Manufacturing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Post, Brian K. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Roschli, Alex C. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    2017-03-01

    The goal of this project is to develop and demonstrate the enabling technologies for Wide and High Additive Manufacturing (WHAM). WHAM will open up new areas of U.S. manufacturing for very large tooling in support of the transportation and energy industries, significantly reducing cost and lead time. As with Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM), the initial focus is on the deposition of composite materials.

  9. Additional safety assessment of ITER - Addition safety investigation of the INB ITER

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-01-01

    This assessment aims at re-assessing safety margins in the light of events which occurred in Fukushima Daiichi, i.e. extreme natural events challenging the safety of installations. After a presentation of some characteristics of the ITER installation (location, activities, buildings, premise detritiation systems, electric supply, handling means, radioactive materials, chemical products, nuclear risks, specific risks), the report addresses the installation robustness by identifying cliff-edge effect risks which can be related to a loss of confinement of radioactive materials, explosions, a significant increase of exposure level, a possible effect on water sheets, and so on. The next part addresses the various aspects related to a seismic risk: installation sizing (assessment methodology, seismic risk characterization in Cadarache), sizing protection measures, installation compliance, and margin assessment. External flooding is the next addressed risk: installation sizing with respect to this specific risk, protection measures, installation compliance, margin assessment, and studied additional measures. Other extreme natural phenomena are considered (meteorological conditions, earthquake and flood) which may have effects on other installations (dam, canal). Then, the report addresses technical risks like the loss of electric supplies and cooling systems, the way a crisis is managed in terms of technical and human means and organization in different typical accidental cases. Subcontracting practices are also discussed. A synthesis proposes an overview of this additional safety assessment and discusses the impact which could have additional measures which could be implemented

  10. Calcium addition in straw gasification

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Risnes, H.; Fjellerup, Jan Søren; Henriksen, Ulrik Birk

    2003-01-01

    The present work focuses on the influence of calcium addition in gasification. The inorganic¿organic element interaction as well as the detailed inorganic¿inorganic elements interaction has been studied. The effect of calcium addition as calcium sugar/molasses solutions to straw significantly...... affected the ash chemistry and the ash sintering tendency but much less the char reactivity. Thermo balance test are made and high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements are performed, the experimental results indicate that with calcium addition major inorganic¿inorganic reactions take place very late...... in the char conversion process. Comprehensive global equilibrium calculations predicted important characteristics of the inorganic ash residue. Equilibrium calculations predict the formation of liquid salt if sufficient amounts of Ca are added and according to experiments as well as calculations calcium binds...

  11. Additive interaction in survival analysis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rod, Naja Hulvej; Lange, Theis; Andersen, Ingelise

    2012-01-01

    It is a widely held belief in public health and clinical decision-making that interventions or preventive strategies should be aimed at patients or population subgroups where most cases could potentially be prevented. To identify such subgroups, deviation from additivity of absolute effects...... an empirical example of interaction between education and smoking on risk of lung cancer. We argue that deviations from additivity of effects are important for public health interventions and clinical decision-making, and such estimations should be encouraged in prospective studies on health. A detailed...... is the relevant measure of interest. Multiplicative survival models, such as the Cox proportional hazards model, are often used to estimate the association between exposure and risk of disease in prospective studies. In Cox models, deviations from additivity have usually been assessed by surrogate measures...

  12. Merits and Demerits of Food Additives

    OpenAIRE

    YANG, Xuening; ZHAN, Yong

    2014-01-01

    Food additive is a double-edged sword. It has merits and demerits. Food additives have such merits as improving sensory properties of foods, preventing deterioration and extending the shelf life, increasing varieties of foods, enhancing convenience of foods, facilitating food processing, and satisfying other demands. However, excessive and illegal use of food additives will exert adverse influence on food security. Therefore, it is required to take proper measures to bring merits of food addi...

  13. Implementing the South African additive manufacturing technology roadmap - the role of an additive manufacturing centre of competence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Du Preez, Willie Bouwer

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The Rapid Product Development Association of South Africa (RAPDASA expressed the need for a national Additive Manufacturing Roadmap. Consequentially, the South African Department of Science and Technology commissioned the development of a South African Additive Manufacturing Technology Roadmap. This was intended to guide role-players in identifying business opportunities, addressing technology gaps, focusing development programmes, and informing investment decisions that would enable local companies and industry sectors to become global leaders in selected areas of additive manufacturing. The challenge remains now for South Africa to decide on an implementation approach that will maximize the impact in the shortest possible time. This article introduces the concept of a national Additive Manufacturing Centre of Competence (AMCoC as a primary implementation vehicle for the roadmap. The support of the current leading players in additive manufacturing in South Africa for such a centre of competence is shared and their key roles are indicated. A summary of the investments that the leading players have already made in the focus areas of the AMCoC over the past two decades is given as confirmation of their commitment towards the advancement of the additive manufacturing technology. An exposition is given of how the AMCoC could indeed become the primary initiative for achieving the agreed national goals on additive manufacturing. The conclusion is that investment by public and private institutions in an AMCoC would be the next step towards ensuring South Africa’s continued progress in the field.

  14. Additive operator-difference schemes splitting schemes

    CERN Document Server

    Vabishchevich, Petr N

    2013-01-01

    Applied mathematical modeling isconcerned with solving unsteady problems. This bookshows how toconstruct additive difference schemes to solve approximately unsteady multi-dimensional problems for PDEs. Two classes of schemes are highlighted: methods of splitting with respect to spatial variables (alternating direction methods) and schemes of splitting into physical processes. Also regionally additive schemes (domain decomposition methods)and unconditionally stable additive schemes of multi-component splitting are considered for evolutionary equations of first and second order as well as for sy

  15. Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Folic Acid. Final rule.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-04-15

    The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is amending the food additive regulations to provide for the safe use of folic acid in corn masa flour. We are taking this action in response to a food additive petition filed jointly by Gruma Corporation, Spina Bifida Association, March of Dimes Foundation, American Academy of Pediatrics, Royal DSM N.V., and National Council of La Raza.

  16. Non-additive Effects in Genomic Selection

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Varona

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available In the last decade, genomic selection has become a standard in the genetic evaluation of livestock populations. However, most procedures for the implementation of genomic selection only consider the additive effects associated with SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers used to calculate the prediction of the breeding values of candidates for selection. Nevertheless, the availability of estimates of non-additive effects is of interest because: (i they contribute to an increase in the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values and the genetic response; (ii they allow the definition of mate allocation procedures between candidates for selection; and (iii they can be used to enhance non-additive genetic variation through the definition of appropriate crossbreeding or purebred breeding schemes. This study presents a review of methods for the incorporation of non-additive genetic effects into genomic selection procedures and their potential applications in the prediction of future performance, mate allocation, crossbreeding, and purebred selection. The work concludes with a brief outline of some ideas for future lines of that may help the standard inclusion of non-additive effects in genomic selection.

  17. Additional disulfide bonds in insulin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vinther, Tine N; Pettersson, Ingrid; Huus, Kasper

    2015-01-01

    The structure of insulin, a glucose homeostasis-controlling hormone, is highly conserved in all vertebrates and stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Recently, we designed a novel insulin analogue containing a fourth disulfide bond located between positions A10-B4. The N-terminus of insulin's B......-chain is flexible and can adapt multiple conformations. We examined how well disulfide bond predictions algorithms could identify disulfide bonds in this region of insulin. In order to identify stable insulin analogues with additional disulfide bonds, which could be expressed, the Cβ cut-off distance had...... in comparison to analogues with additional disulfide bonds that were more difficult to predict. In contrast, addition of the fourth disulfide bond rendered all analogues resistant to fibrillation under stress conditions and all stable analogues bound to the insulin receptor with picomolar affinities. Thus...

  18. Additives in food and their properties

    OpenAIRE

    TYLOVÁ, Kristýna

    2013-01-01

    The aim of this work is to deepen the knowledge about additives in foods, the importance of technological additives in foods, their properties and effects on human health. The aim of this work is a study of technical and scientific literature on the topic: "additives in foods and their properties" and review of the literature. Also in the practical part, implementation and evaluation of a questionnaire survey of the experimental group related to the topic: "Validation and comparison of knowle...

  19. RJHS 5(4).cdr

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    La maladie rénale chronique constitue un problème de santé publique avec une incidence croissante, une prévalence, de mauvais résultats et un coût élevé. La sensibilisation et le dépistage de l'insuffisance rénale chronique demeurent faibles partout dans le monde. Ainsi, des millions de personnes à travers le monde ...

  20. Maladie rénale chronique: facteurs associés, étiologies ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Introduction: La maladie rénale chronique constitue un véritable problème mondial de santé publique du fait de l'augmentation de ses principaux facteurs de risque à savoir l'hypertension artérielle et le diabète sucré. Dans nos milieux à faible revenu et spécialement dans notre pays, peu d'études sont connues sur cette ...

  1. Efficacité de la gestion de vaccins et qualité de vaccination à l ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    La revue documentaire complétée par les entretiens semi-dirigés des gestionnaires et prestataires de services de vaccination ont permis d'évaluer la gestion de vaccins en se servant des modèle GEV de l'OMS, en vue de dégager les écarts. Résultats: il est observé une faible connaissance des prestataires sur les vaccins ...

  2. Élaboration et diffusion de diagnostics peu coûteux et sur support ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'éclosion du virus Zika montre qu'il faut pouvoir élaborer, analyser et diffuser rapidement et à faible coût des diagnostics à l'intention des régions exposées à cette menace pandémique. Soit que les examens diagnostiques actuels sont coûteux et inaccessibles dans les endroits où la surveillance de Zika est la plus ...

  3. Designing and Conducting Health Systems Research Projects ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Un article du Canadian Geographic se penche sur la recherche sur la santé des mères et des enfants. Un chercheur subventionné par le CRDI retient l'attention de la ... Le rôle des intervenants non gouvernementaux dans le renforcement des systèmes de santé. Dans la majorité des pays à faible revenu et à revenu ...

  4. Quatrième assemblée publique annuelle du CRDI : Investir pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    15 avr. 2016 ... Bon nombre de ces pratiques sont peu coûteuses. Ce sont « des améliorations qui peuvent être [faites] à très faible coût. Ces activités vont tout probablement être adoptées dans le monde en développement […]souvent le CRDI a voulu soutenir de telles initiatives ». Photos : CRDI/Teckles Photography​ ...

  5. Processus hydrogéochimiques et origine des sources naturelles ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Dr Gatsing

    minéralisées. La signature chimique des eaux de sources marquée par de faibles conductivités se rapproche nettement de celle des eaux de puits qui captent les altérites, et s'éloigne de celle des eaux de forages qui interceptent le socle fissuré. Le calcul des indices de saturation par rapport à la dolomie et la calcite, et.

  6. Research

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    raoul

    10 oct. 2011 ... Page number not for citation purposes. 1. Faible taux de succès .... l'âge moyen de la première cigarette était de 18 ± 5 ans [13-35]. Le premier contact avec le .... Grenier O, Cambou JP, Ferrieres J, Thomas D, Amelineau E, Cantet C, Danchin N. Caractéristiques initiales et prise en charge thérapeutique de ...

  7. LE SECTEUR INFORMEL EN ALGERIE : APPROCHES, ACTEURS ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Résumé. Le secteur informel en Algérie est peu étudié de manière directe et .... très diverses que Bernard (1980,1988) a classées en 3 catégories plus ou moins .... sont amenés en raison de l'ambiguïté de la loi et de sa faible appli- cation à ...

  8. La socialisation sexospécifique des très jeunes adolescents à l ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Les adolescents de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en particulier ceux issus de zones urbaines à faible revenu, sont très vulnérables en ce qui concerne la santé sexuelle et reproductive. La plupart des interventions visant à améliorer la santé sexuelle et reproductive des adolescents sont axées sur les adolescents plus âgés et ...

  9. Difficultes d'une campagne de depistage du cancer du col uterin en ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... on dénombrait 10 cas (20%) de Gadnerella, 3(6%) Candida et 2 (4%) Trichomonas. Au vu de ces résultats en zone rurale marqués notamment par une faible participation des femmes et un grand nombre de frottis inflammatoires, une approche révisée des moyens de campagne de dépistage des cancers est nécessaire, ...

  10. Résultats de recherche | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'une des premières évaluations officielles d'un programme de services de garde d'enfants pour les ménages à faible revenu en Inde pourrait fournir des données empiriques permettant d'améliorer l'égalité des sexes au pays et au-delà de ses frontières. En vedette. Health LEISHMANIASIS PARASITOLOGY Ecohealth ...

  11. Profils clinique, biologique et therapeutique des enfants infectes par ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Introduction : La prise en charge du VIH pédiatrique reste un maillon faible de la riposte au Togo. Le but de notre travail est de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques, immunologiques et thérapeutiques des enfants infectés au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Lomé-Commune (CHR-LC). Matériels et méthode : Cette étude ...

  12. Petites et moyennes entreprises, création d'emplois et durabilité ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Après des décennies de faible croissance, l'Amérique du Sud connaît un boom économique. Toutefois, la dépendance à l'égard des exportations de produits de base suscite de plus en plus de préoccupations et on se demande comment favoriser un mode de développement plus durable sur le plan économique, ...

  13. Résultats de recherche | Page 97 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Accès de familles à faible revenu à une alimentation saine grâce aux cantines populaires au Pérou ... Un régime alimentaire malsain est l'un des quatre principaux facteurs de risque de MNT. Projet ... Impact, en ce qui a trait aux revenus et à la santé, de la restructuration de la taxe d'accise sur le tabac aux Philippines.

  14. 172 Toxicité aigüe et effet aphrodisiaque de l'extrait aqueux de ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DELL

    Matériel animal. Des souris mâles de souche albinos suisse de poids compris entre20 et 25 g et des rats albinos (mâle et femelle) de souche wistar de poids compris entre 150 et .... Vigilance. +. +. +. +. -. - -. Nombre de morts. 0. 0. 0. 0. 03. 04. A : Absent ; N : Normal ; + : Oui ; - : très faible ; -- : Pas de réaction ; D : diminution ...

  15. Hanging on a Shoestring: Cameroon's Democratisation Process ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Pour les bénéficiaires [du système], il engendre un changement dans la culture politique. Les perdants optent pour la sortie. A cause de cette situation le Cameroun est une faible, plutôt qu'une forte démocratie. Quand bien même seule cette dernière permettrait une consolidation démocratique, il est argumenté que ceci a ...

  16. ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DES CATIONS ECHANGEABLES

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SEI Joseph

    Correspondance, courriel : kamsamir@yahoo.fr. Résumé. Cet article décrit la ..... code « Matlab ». Le composant essentiel que nous avons choisi pour réaliser la boucle à verrouillage de phase est le LMX 2316 de National Semiconductor, capable de générer et de contrôler un signal très stable de faible bruit dans la ...

  17. Variation saisonnière des paramètres abiotiques de la lagune Aghien

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    30 déc. 2017 ... développement économique va de pair avec l'augmentation de la consommation et l'apparition ..... pénétration de la lumière d'où la diminution de l'activité photosynthétique. Ce qui expliquerait les faibles ... par leur consommation par les microorganismes. (bactéries et champignons) (Issola et al. 2008).

  18. African Journal of Neurological Sciences - 2009 Vol. 28 No 1

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    veines périmédullaires. C'est un shunt à faible débit, le plus souvent situé en regard du trou de conjugaison ou sur le trajet d'une racine postérieure. Toute fistule est constamment associée à des perturbations du drainage veineux médullaire. Le drainage veineux se fait de manière descendante vers les veines de la.

  19. Une opportunité en or pour améliorer la santé en Équateur | CRDI ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    3 févr. 2011 ... Le corps humain ne fait pas la différence entre le plomb et le calcium; aussi, le plomb est-il absorbé dans les os où il s'accumule pour le reste de la vie. Les effets chroniques sont souvent attribués à de faibles expositions pendant une longue période. Fatigue excessive, irritabilité nerveuse, tremblements ...

  20. Ce que nous faisons | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    ... petits producteurs dans les pays les moins développés du Sud-Est asiatique. Les économies à faible revenu dépendent énormément de l'agriculture, et la croissance dans ce secteur est responsable d'une plus grande réduction de la pauvreté que dans tout autre secteur. Cambodge, Laos, Birmanie, Vietnam, Thaïlande, ...

  1. Case report

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    22 avr. 2016 ... une La tomodensitométrie thoraco-abdomino-pelienne. La patiente a été perdue de vue après son refus total de l'interruption de grossesse, puis s'est présentée a la salle d'accouchement enceinte à terme en travail. L'examen clinique objective des métrorragies de faible abondance, une tuméfaction ...

  2. De nouvelles variétés de pomme de terre pour lutter contre la ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    C'est la principale culture à laquelle s'adonnent les membres de 67 collectivités autochtones dans le département de Nariño, la région qui affiche le deuxième plus fort taux de malnutrition en Colombie. Pourtant, cette culture est fort susceptible au mildiou et donne, par conséquent, de faibles rendements. Il en résulte une ...

  3. Research

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    13 avr. 2016 ... infectieux transmissibles par transfusion tels que le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB), le virus de l'hépatite. C (VHC) et la .... l'instar des autres pays à faible revenu, la République Démocratique du Congo ... et du Programme National de Lutte contre le Sida et IST qui.

  4. African Journal of Neurological Sciences 2013 - Vol. 32, No 2 http ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Gukiusu

    conducteurs, moniteurs et inspecteurs d'auto-écoles en matière d'épilepsie. Methode. Il s'agissait ... Conclusion. A l'instar de nos précédentes études communautaires au Mali, ce travail a permis de mettre l'accent, d'une ... médicale au volant d'un véhicule représentent une proportion faible dans les analyses statistiques.

  5. Optimisation de la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux sans fil fixes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Coudert, David; Vieira Nepomuceno, Napoleao; Tahiri, Issam

    Nous étudions le problème d'optimisation énergétique dans les réseaux sans fil fixes dans le cas d'une faible demande de trafic par rapport à la capacité du réseau. Nous proposons un programme linéaire pour résoudre le problème, puis nous présentons une heuristique permettant de trouver rapidemen...

  6. New bean products to improve food security | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    21 avr. 2016 ... De nouveaux produits à base de haricots pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire. De nouveaux produits à base de haricots qui cuisent facilement devraient améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle des ménages à faible e. Voir davantageDe nouveaux produits à base de haricots pour améliorer la ...

  7. 1585-IJBCS -Article-Plycarpe kayode

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    (maïs, sorgho, mil) contribuent pour 43% et. 55% à la couverture des besoins énergétiques des enfants d'âge scolaire respectivement en période d'abondance et de soudure. (Mitchikpè, 2007). La faible teneur de ces produits d'origine végétale en. (micro)nutriments expliquent aussi les problèmes de carence en nutriments ...

  8. 27 CFR 19.318 - Addition of caramel to rum or brandy and addition of oak chips to spirits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... or brandy and addition of oak chips to spirits. 19.318 Section 19.318 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... PLANTS Production § 19.318 Addition of caramel to rum or brandy and addition of oak chips to spirits. Caramel possessing no material sweetening properties may be added to rum or brandy on bonded premises...

  9. 27 CFR 19.343 - Addition of oak chips to spirits and addition of caramel to brandy and rum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... spirits and addition of caramel to brandy and rum. 19.343 Section 19.343 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and... PLANTS Storage § 19.343 Addition of oak chips to spirits and addition of caramel to brandy and rum. Oak... records. Caramel possessing no material sweetening properties may be added to rum or brandy in packages or...

  10. Additive Manufacturing of Aerospace Propulsion Components

    Science.gov (United States)

    Misra, Ajay K.; Grady, Joseph E.; Carter, Robert

    2015-01-01

    The presentation will provide an overview of ongoing activities on additive manufacturing of aerospace propulsion components, which included rocket propulsion and gas turbine engines. Future opportunities on additive manufacturing of hybrid electric propulsion components will be discussed.

  11. Evaluation of certain food additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to concluding as to safety concerns and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives, including flavouring agents. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and dietary exposure data for five food additives (magnesium dihydrogen diphosphate; mineral oil (medium and low viscosity) classes II and III; 3-phytase from Aspergillus niger expressed in Aspergillus niger; serine protease (chymotrypsin) from Nocardiopsis prasina expressed in Bacillus licheniformis; and serine protease (trypsin) from Fusarium oxysporum expressed in Fusarium venenatum) and 16 groups of flavouring agents (aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides; aliphatic and aromatic ethers; aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers containing furan substitution; aliphatic linear alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, acids and related alcohols, acetals and esters; amino acids and related substances; epoxides; furfuryl alcohol and related substances; linear and branched-chain aliphatic, unsaturated, unconjugated alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters; miscellaneous nitrogen-containing substances; phenol and phenol derivatives; pyrazine derivatives; pyridine, pyrrole and quinoline derivatives; saturated aliphatic acyclic branched-chain primary alcohols, aldehydes and acids; simple aliphatic and aromatic sulfides and thiols; sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds; and sulfur-substituted furan derivatives). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: ethyl cellulose, mineral oil (medium viscosity), modified starches and titanium

  12. A Quick Method of Measuring and Analyzing {beta} Emitters in Solution of Very Low-Level Specific Activity; Remarques sur une technique rapide de mesure et d'analyse d'emetteurs {beta} en solution de tres faible activite specifique; Zamechaniya o bystroj tekhnike izmereniya i analize izluchatelej {beta}-chastits v rastvore s ochen' slaboj spetsificheskoj aktivnost'yu; Observaciones sobre un metodo rapido de medicion y analisis de emisores {beta} en soluciones de muy baja actividad especifica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Le Gallic, Y; Grinberg, B; Thenard, M [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1960-06-15

    1. Description of a measuring instrument with a low-level background, for measuring radioactive materials in liquid form. Essentially the instrument consists of two flat counters, each with one hole, and one flat counter with two holes, mounted parallel to each other and enclosed in a casing of counters mounted in anti-coincidence with the inner counter. 2. Possible applications of the method: a) To measure much lower-level specific activities than with liquid counters, and particularly soft {beta} emitters; b) To detect radioactive impurities within a radionuclide (e. g. 2/10,000 of P{sup 32} in S{sup 35}); c) For most radionuclides, to measure, without previous concentration, specific activities corresponding to the tolerance limits permitted at present. (author) [French] 1. Description d'un dispositif de mesure a faible mouvement propre, destine a la mesure de produits radioactifs sous forme liquide, et qui comprend essentiellement 2 compteurs plats a une fenetre, et un compteur plat a deux fenetres, disposes parallelement et enfermes a l'interieur d'une gaine de comp- teurs montes en anticoincidence avec les premiers. 2. Possibilites et domaines d'utilisation de la methode: a) permet de mesurer des activites specifiques beaucoup plus faibles qu'avec les compteurs a liquides, particulieremen t avec les emetteurs {beta} mous; b) permet de deceler des impuretes radioactives au sein d'un radioelement (ex. 2/10.000 de P{sup 32} dans S{sup 35}); c) permet, pour la plupart des radioelements, de mesurer, sans concentration prealable, des activites specifiques egales respectivement aux limites de tolerance aujourd'hui admises. (author) [Spanish] 1. Los autores describen un dispositivo de medicion poco sensible a la actividad de fondo, destinado a medir la radiactividad de sustancias liquidas. El dispositivo consta fundamentalment e de dos contadores planos provistos de una ventana y de un contador plano con dos ventanas, disquestos paralelamente en el interior de una

  13. Comparison of Various Dynamic Balancing Principles Regarding Additional Mass and Additional Inertia

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Wijk, V.; Demeulenaere, Bram; Herder, Justus Laurens

    2009-01-01

    The major disadvantage of existing dynamic balancing principles is that a considerable amount of mass and inertia is added to the system. The objectives of this article are to summarize, to compare, and to evaluate existing complete balancing principles regarding the addition of mass and the

  14. Additive conjoint measurement for multiattribute utility

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maas, A.; Wakker, P.P.

    1994-01-01

    This paper shows that multiattribute utility can be simplified by methods from additive conjoint measurement. Given additive conjoint measurability under certainty, axiomatizations can be simplified, and implementation and reliability of elicitation can be improved. This also contributes to the

  15. Food Additives and Hyperkinesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wender, Ester H.

    1977-01-01

    The hypothesis that food additives are causally associated with hyperkinesis and learning disabilities in children is reviewed, and available data are summarized. Available from: American Medical Association 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610. (JG)

  16. 48 CFR 1603.7002 - Additional guidelines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Additional guidelines. 1603.7002 Section 1603.7002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL... OF INTEREST Misleading, Deceptive, or Unfair Advertising 1603.7002 Additional guidelines. Any...

  17. 40 CFR 80.162 - Additive compositional data.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... detergent production quality control. EPA will respond to such requests in writing; the additional... variability is required, and provide evidence that the production detergent will perform adequately throughout... (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Detergent Gasoline § 80.162 Additive compositional data...

  18. Aminodisulfides as additives to lubricants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Balin, A.I.; Tarasevich, V.B.; Veretenova, T.N.

    1980-01-01

    A study was carried out and tehcnology developed for producing sulfur-nitrogen containing additives of the type of aminodisulfide by interaction of beta, beta-dichlordialkyl (aryl) disulfides with diethanolamine in a medium of sulfur-diethanolamine. The 2,2'-bis-(diethanol)-dialkyl(aryl) disulfides obtained do not hydrolyze in aqueous soltuions of alkalis, exhibit rather high antiscoring properties and are recommended for tests as active additives of high pressure to SOZH and technological lubricants of the oil and emulsion types.

  19. Groups – Additive Notation

    OpenAIRE

    Coghetto Roland

    2015-01-01

    We translate the articles covering group theory already available in the Mizar Mathematical Library from multiplicative into additive notation. We adapt the works of Wojciech A. Trybulec [41, 42, 43] and Artur Korniłowicz [25].

  20. Prévalence du syndrome métabolique et de ses facteurs de risque chez les enfants et les adolescents canadiens : Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé, cycle 1 (2007-2009 et cycle 2 (2009-2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. MacPherson

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction : Nous avons étudié la prévalence du syndrome métabolique (SMet et de ses facteurs de risque ainsi que l'influence du statut socioéconomique chez les enfants et les adolescents canadiens. Méthodologie : Nous avons inclus dans notre étude les 1228 répondants de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé, cycle 1 (2007-2009 et cycle 2 (2009-2011, âgés de 10 à 18 ans et ayant fourni un échantillon de sang à jeun. Nous avons utilisé les définitions consensuelles du SMet proposées par la Fédération internationale du diabète (FID pour les enfants et adolescents (10 à 15 ans et pour les adultes (16 ans et plus. Nous avons mesuré la prévalence du SMet et de ses facteurs de risque ainsi que les différences en fonction du statut socioéconomique au moyen de tests du x2. Résultats : La prévalence du SMet était de 2,1 %. Le tiers (37,7 % des répondants présentaient au moins un facteur de risque, les plus répandus étant l'obésité abdominale (21,6 %, un faible taux de C-HDL (19,1 % et un taux de triglycérides élevé (7,9 %. Cette combinaison d'obésité abdominale, de faible taux de C-HDL et de taux élevé de triglycérides correspondait à 61,5 % des cas de SMet. Les participants des ménages de la tranche supérieure de revenu et bénéficiant d'un niveau de scolarité élevé présentaient la plus faible prévalence d'un ou de plusieurs facteurs de risque du SMet, d'obésité abdominale et de faible taux de C-HDL. Conclusion :La prévalence du SMet (2,1 % s'est révélée inférieure à celle mesurée auparavant pour le Canada (3,5 % et les États-Unis (4,2 % à 9,2 %, sans doute en raison de l'application stricte des critères de la FID pour l'étude du SMet. Le tiers des enfants et des adolescents canadiens présentaient au moins un facteur de risque de SMet. Comme le risque de SMet augmente avec l'âge, ces estimations de la prévalence, couplées à une prévalence nationale de l'obésité d

  1. Photoactive devices including porphyrinoids with coordinating additives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Forrest, Stephen R; Zimmerman, Jeramy; Yu, Eric K; Thompson, Mark E; Trinh, Cong; Whited, Matthew; Diev, Vlacheslav

    2015-05-12

    Coordinating additives are included in porphyrinoid-based materials to promote intermolecular organization and improve one or more photoelectric characteristics of the materials. The coordinating additives are selected from fullerene compounds and organic compounds having free electron pairs. Combinations of different coordinating additives can be used to tailor the characteristic properties of such porphyrinoid-based materials, including porphyrin oligomers. Bidentate ligands are one type of coordinating additive that can form coordination bonds with a central metal ion of two different porphyrinoid compounds to promote porphyrinoid alignment and/or pi-stacking. The coordinating additives can shift the absorption spectrum of a photoactive material toward higher wavelengths, increase the external quantum efficiency of the material, or both.

  2. [Effect of biochar addition on soil evaporation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Jian; Niu, Wen Quan; Zhang, Ming Zhi; Li, Yuan; Lyu, Wang; Li, Kang-Yong; Zou, Xiao-Yang; Liang, Bo-Hui

    2016-11-18

    In order to determine the rational amount of biochar application and its effect on soil hydrological processes in arid area, soil column experiments were conducted in the laboratory using three biochar additions (5%, 10% and 15%) and four different biochar types (devaporation. The results showed that the addition of biochar could change the phreatic water recharge, soil water-holding capacity, capillary water upward movement and soil evaporation obviously. But the effects were different depending on the type of biochar raw material and the size of particle. The phreatic water recharge increased with the increasing amount of biochar addition. The addition of biochar could obviously enlarge the soil water-holding capacity and promote the capillary water upward movement rate. This effect was greater when using the material of bamboo charcoal compared with using wood charcoal, while biochar with small particle size had greater impact than that with big particle size. The biochar could effectively restrain the soil evaporation at a low addition amount (5%). But it definitely promoted the soil evaporation if the addition amount was very high. In arid area, biochar addition in appropriate amount could improve soil water retention capacity.

  3. Protocol for ADDITION-PRO

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johansen, Nanna Borup; Hansen, Anne-Louise Smidt; Jensen, Troels M

    2012-01-01

    disease and microvascular diabetic complications. We also require a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie and drive early changes in cardiometabolic physiology. The ADDITION-PRO study was designed to address these issues among individuals at different levels of diabetes risk recruited from...... Danish primary care. METHODS/DESIGN: ADDITION-PRO is a population-based, longitudinal cohort study of individuals at high risk for diabetes. 16,136 eligible individuals were identified at high risk following participation in a stepwise screening programme in Danish general practice between 2001 and 2006....... All individuals with impaired glucose regulation at screening, those who developed diabetes following screening, and a random sub-sample of those at lower levels of diabetes risk were invited to attend a follow-up health assessment in 2009-2011 (n=4,188), of whom 2,082 (50%) attended. The health...

  4. Additives In Meat and Poultry Products

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Fact Sheets / Additives in Meat and Poultry Products / Additives in Meat and Poultry Products Z7_0Q0619C0JGR010IFST1G5B10H3 ... Affairs Recalls and Public Health Alerts Regulatory Compliance Regulations, Directives and Notices Rulemaking ...

  5. L'investissement étranger direct (IED) dans les pays à faible revenu ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    ... investment (FDI) behaviour in low and middle-income countries; final technical report covering the period from 10 March 2006 to 9 January 2009. Download PDF. Reports. Does foreign direct investment lead or follow development? : differences in FDI behavior in low- and middle-income countries; final technical report.

  6. ETUDE DE L' ARRACHEMENT DES FIBRES METALLIQUES ET CARACTERISATION DE LA LIAISON FIBRE MATRICE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F Z MIMOUNE

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Cette étude compare trois modes de caractérisation mécanique des propriétés de la liaison fibre matrice dans un composite d’argile ciment fibre d’acier. Des essais ont été effectués avec différents diamètres de fibres afin de mesurer une contrainte d’adhérence. Les différents résultats montrent la nature complexe de la liaison avec chacune des trois méthodes. Une explication du mécanisme et de la divergence des résultats est proposée, qui conduit à préférer l’un des trois tests vis-à-vis de son utilisation pour prévoir les qualités du composite.

  7. Addition of electric arc furnace dust in hot metal changing the form of addition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marques Sobrinho, Vicente de Paulo Ferreira; Oliveira, Jose Roberto de; Vieira, Estefano Aparecido; Telles, Victor Bridi; Grillo, Felipe Fardin; Tenorio, Jorge Alberto Soares; Espinosa, Denise Crocce Romano

    2014-01-01

    This research aims to study the incorporation of the mass of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), by addition in hot metal (1.78% Si) at a temperature of 1,400 degrees Celsius. The EAFD is from a steel plant producing long steel. The addition of the EAFD was as received, in the form of briquettes without agitation of the hot metal and in the form of briquettes with agitation of the hot metal. Previously, the EAFD was characterized using the following techniques: chemical analysis, size analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. The achievement of fusion experiments in laboratory scale, took place in a vertical tubular furnace with temperature control. The fusion experiments to assess the incorporation of EAFD mass used graphite crucibles. After cooling, the hot metal and the slag, remaining in the crucible, were weighed to do a mass balance. A flow of inert gas (argon) was maintained inside the furnace during the experiments. Results show that the experiment with addition of EAFD as received presents the best result of incorporating the mass of the final hot metal (1.73%) combined with the lowest percentage of volatilized mass of EAFD (46.52%). The experiment addition of EAFD in the form of briquette with agitation of hot metal presents the lowest percentage of slag mass (4.58%). The zinc content of volatilized EAFD (64.30%) is higher than the zinc content of the imported ore concentrate (52%) and zinc content of the national ore concentrate (12% to 39%). The presence of lead and cadmium in the slag characterizing it as a hazardous solid waste. (author)

  8. Study of zirconium-addition binary systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wozniakova, B.; Kuchar, L.

    1975-01-01

    The curves are given of the solid and the liquid of binary zirconium-addition systems. Most additions reduce the melting temperature of zirconium. The only known additions to increase the melting temperature are nitrogen, oxygen and hafnium. Also given are the transformation curves of the systems and the elements are given which reduce or raise the temperature of α-β transformation. From the Mendeleev table into which are plotted the curves of the solid and the liquid of binary systems it is possible to predict the properties of unknown binary systems. For the calculations of the curves of the solid and the liquid, 1860 degC was taken as the temperature of zirconium melting. For the calculations of transformation curves, 865 degC was taken as the temperature of α-β transformation. The equations are given of the curves of the solid and the liquid and of the transformation curves of some Zr-addition systems. Also given are the calculated equilibrium distribution coefficients and the equilibrium distribution coefficients of the transformation of additions in Zr and their limit values for temperatures approximating the melting point or the temperature of the transformation of pure Zr, and the values pertaining to eutectic and peritectic or eutectoid and peritectoid temperatures. (J.B.)

  9. Groups – Additive Notation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Coghetto Roland

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available We translate the articles covering group theory already available in the Mizar Mathematical Library from multiplicative into additive notation. We adapt the works of Wojciech A. Trybulec [41, 42, 43] and Artur Korniłowicz [25].

  10. 78 FR 34351 - Procurement List; Additions

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-07

    .... ADDRESSES: Committee for Purchase from People Who are Blind or Severely Disabled, 1401 S. Clark Street... COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR SEVERELY DISABLED Procurement List; Additions AGENCY: Committee for Purchase from People Who are Blind or Severely Disabled. ACTION: Additions to the...

  11. Allergic and immunologic reactions to food additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gultekin, Fatih; Doguc, Duygu Kumbul

    2013-08-01

    For centuries, food additives have been used for flavouring, colouring and extension of the useful shelf life of food, as well as the promotion of food safety. During the last 20 years, the studies implicating the additives contained in foods and medicine as a causative factor of allergic reactions have been proliferated considerably. In this review, we aimed to overview all of the food additives which were approved to consume in EU and find out how common and serious allergic reactions come into existence following the consuming of food additives.

  12. Additive manufactured serialization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bobbitt, III, John T.

    2017-04-18

    Methods for forming an identifying mark in a structure are described. The method is used in conjunction with an additive manufacturing method and includes the alteration of a process parameter during the manufacturing process. The method can form in a unique identifying mark within or on the surface of a structure that is virtually impossible to be replicated. Methods can provide a high level of confidence that the identifying mark will remain unaltered on the formed structure.

  13. Controlling the microstructure and properties of wire arc additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V with trace boron additions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bermingham, M.J.; Kent, D.; Zhan, H.; StJohn, D.H.; Dargusch, M.S.

    2015-01-01

    This study demonstrates that trace boron addition to Ti–6Al–4V coupons produced by additive layer manufacturing is an effective way to eliminate the deleterious anisotropic microstructures often encountered with this manufacturing technique. Trace boron additions (up to 0.13 wt.%) to this alloy eliminate grain boundary-α and colony-α, and instead produce a homogeneous α-microstructure consisting of fine equiaxed α-grains in both as-deposited and heat treated coupons. Prior-β grains remain columnar with boron addition but become narrower due to the wider solidification range and growth restricting effect of the boron solute. Compared to unmodified Ti–6Al–4V alloy, Ti–6Al–4V modified with trace boron additions showed up to 40% improvement in plasticity with no loss in strength under uniaxial compression at room temperature. Boron additions were found to inhibit twinning transmission that causes sudden large load drops during deformation of the unmodified Ti–6Al–4V alloy in the heat treated condition

  14. 18 CFR 33.10 - Additional information.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Additional information. 33.10 Section 33.10 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... § 33.10 Additional information. The Director of the Office of Energy Market Regulation, or his designee...

  15. Additive Manufacturing for Low Volume Bearings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tate, John G. [Schaeffler Group USA, Spartanburg, SC (United States); Richardson, Bradley S. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Love, Lonnie J. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    2017-09-01

    ORNL worked with the Schaeffler Group USA to explore additive manufacturing techniques that might be appropriate for prototyping of bearing cages. Multiple additive manufacturing techniques were investigated, including e-beam, binder jet and multiple laser based processes. The binder jet process worked best for the thin, detailed cages printed.

  16. Evaluation of certain food additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-01-01

    This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessment of intake of food additives (in particular, flavouring agents). A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and intake data for certain food additives (asparaginase from Aspergillus niger expressed in A. niger, calcium lignosulfonate (40-65), ethyl lauroyl arginate, paprika extract, phospholipase C expressed in Pichia pastoris, phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters, polydimethylsiloxane, steviol glycosides and sulfites [assessment of dietary exposure]) and 10 groups of related flavouring agents (aliphatic branched-chain saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters; aliphatic linear alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, acids and related alcohols, acetals and esters; aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; alkoxy-substituted allylbenzenes present in foods and essential oils and used as flavouring agents; esters of aliphatic acyclic primary alcohols with aliphatic linear saturated carboxylic acids; furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers; miscellaneous nitrogen-containing substances; monocyclic and bicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives; and substances structurally related to menthol). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: canthaxanthin; carob bean gum and carob bean gum (clarified); chlorophyllin copper complexes, sodium and potassium salts; Fast Green FCF; guar gum and guar gum (clarified

  17. Implementation of the Additional Protocol in Japan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogawa, T.

    2001-01-01

    The Additional Protocol between Japan and the IAEA entered into force in December 1999. To come into force a series of implementation trials of Additional Protocol was carried out at two Japanese representative nuclear research centers, i.e. Tokai Research Establishment of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and Oarai Engineering Center of Japan Nuclear Fuel Cycle Development Institute (JNC). These trials were proposed by Japan and were conducted in cooperation with the IAEA Secretariat. In addition, Japan amended 'the Law for the Regulation of Reactors etc.', to collect adequate information to submit to the IAEA, to arrange the surrounding for the complementary access, etc. In addition, Japan Submitted the Initial Declaration of the Additional Protocol within 180 days of the entry into force of the Protocol, in the middle of June, 2000

  18. Additive manufacturing of metals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herzog, Dirk; Seyda, Vanessa; Wycisk, Eric; Emmelmann, Claus

    2016-01-01

    Additive Manufacturing (AM), the layer-by layer build-up of parts, has lately become an option for serial production. Today, several metallic materials including the important engineering materials steel, aluminium and titanium may be processed to full dense parts with outstanding properties. In this context, the present overview article describes the complex relationship between AM processes, microstructure and resulting properties for metals. It explains the fundamentals of Laser Beam Melting, Electron Beam Melting and Laser Metal Deposition, and introduces the commercially available materials for the different processes. Thereafter, typical microstructures for additively manufactured steel, aluminium and titanium are presented. Special attention is paid to AM specific grain structures, resulting from the complex thermal cycle and high cooling rates. The properties evolving as a consequence of the microstructure are elaborated under static and dynamic loading. According to these properties, typical applications are presented for the materials and methods for conclusion.

  19. Additional symmetries of supersymmetric KP hierarchies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stanciu, S.

    1993-09-01

    We investigate the additional symmetries of several supersymmetric KP hierarchies: The SKP hierarchy of Manin and Radul, the SKP 2 hierarchy, and the Jacobian SKP hierarchy. The main technical tool is the supersymmetric generalisation of a map originally due to Radul between the Lie algebra of superdifferential operators and the Lie algebra of vector fields on the space of supersymmetric Lax operators. In the case of the Manin-Radul SKP hierarchy we identify additional symmetries which form an algebra isomorphic to a subalgebra of superdifferential operators; whereas in the case of the Jacobian SKP, the (additional) symmetries are identified with the algebra itself. (orig.)

  20. The Development of Korea Additional Protocol System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shim, Hye Won; Yeo, Jin Kyun

    2008-01-01

    The Agreement between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the IAEA for the Application of Safeguards in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (the Safeguards Agreement) entered into force on 14 November 1975. The Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement (the Additional Protocol) was signed on 21 June 1999 and entered into force on 19 February 2004. ROK has been submitting annual updated reports of initial declaration on every May 15th since August 2004. Additional protocol reports were submitted through Protocol Reporter provided by IAEA. Annual declarations were simply uploaded and stored in the Accounting Information Treatment System of KINAC, which did not provide data analysis and management function. There have been demands for improvement to handle ever-increasing information. KAPS (Korea Additional Protocol System) has been developed to assist and administrate the additional protocol related works effectively. The new system enables integrated management including composition of additional protocol report and version control, periodical update of related information, results of IAEA complementary access to each facility

  1. Fuel additive improves plant`s air quality

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kratch, K.

    1995-07-01

    Employees of a major pulp and paper manufacturer complained to the Michigan Department of Public Health that emissions from liquefied petroleum gas-powered fork-lifts used in one of the facility`s warehouses were making them ill. The new and tight building was locking in carbon monoxide emissions, according to the plant`s vehicle maintenance supervisor. Although LPG is a clean-burning fuel, it absorbs impurities from pipelines, resulting in emissions problems. After the company introduced a fuel additive to the LPG, employees` symptoms disappeared. According to the maintenance supervisor, there have been no complaints since the additive was introduced five years ago. A major US auto manufacturer also found the additive helpful in reducing carbon monoxide emissions from forklift trucks in a large parts warehouse to levels within OSHA limits. The carmaker conducted a test of 10 forklifts at its Toledo, Ohio, plant to determine the additive`s effectiveness. Trucks were equipped with new or rebuilt vaporizers, and their carburetors were adjusted for the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions levels prior to the test. According to Advanced Technology, five trucks were filled with LPG and treated with CGX-4, and five used fuel from the same stock but without the additive. All were operated 16 hours a day, six days a week without further tuning or adjusting. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were measured at 30-, 45- and 65-day intervals. Test results show that all of the trucks using the additive maintained low levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions longer than trucks not using the additive.

  2. KOKO KL.xps

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    HP Pro 2000

    En Côte d'Ivoire, le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) est traditionnellement cultivé selon un système extensif et itinérant, utilisant du matériel végétal peu performant. Les rendements en cacao sont donc faible (260 à 600 kg·ha-1·an-1). Pour améliorer la productivité des cacaoyères, les chercheurs ivoiriens ont mis au point.

  3. 2348-IJBCS-Article-Cheik Oumar Samb

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    sur l'écologie et la physiologie de la germination du tamarinier sont vitales, non seulement pour comprendre les variations génétiques des différentes populations de tamarinier au Sénégal, mais ... Cette dégradation de la couverture végétale est attribuée à l'avancée des fronts agricoles, à leur surexploitation, à leur faible.

  4. Original Paper Amélioration du sol dégradé par l'apport d'engrais ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    disponible les éléments minéraux essentiels dans le sol pour soutenir la production. En saison A, le rendement supérieur du groupe a été observé avec le traitement à base de T. diversifolia (1398.1 kg/ha) contre le témoin qui a enregistré un rendement faible du groupe soit 885.5 kg/ha. Comparativement à la saison.

  5. Efficacité des politiques publiques brésiliennes visant à s'attaquer à ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Ces plats font l'objet d'une vive promotion au sein des groupes à faible revenu les plus touchés par le taux d'obésité élevé. L'emballage des aliments et le marketing alimentaire ne sont encadrés par aucune règle et sont souvent considérés comme trompeurs et inadéquats sur le plan de l'information nutritionnelle.

  6. 1800-IJBCS-Article-Richard Ouedraogo

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    Conclusion : Il convient de prioriser les mesures préventives et la prise en charge précoce .... Heslop, 2006). Dans notre contexte, la faible accessibilité aux services de santé spécialisés, pourrait expliquer en partie l'importance de cette incidence. En effet, la ... contrefaçon « médicaments de la rue », se sont révélées peu ...

  7. Research

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ebutamanya

    17 mars 2015 ... l´accès aux soins, le type de patients, le plateau technique et les ressources .... expliquerait un taux élevé de prise de médicaments y afférent. 342(98 %). .... En effet, ces faibles poids de naissance sont le plus souvent rencontrés soient chez des prématurés, soient chez des nouveau-né dont l'évolution.

  8. Effet de la co-inoculation du rhizobium et de mycorhizes sur les ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    30 déc. 2013 ... RÉSUMÉ. Objectif : Les sols sahéliens se caractérisent par une faible fertilité dont l'amélioration se fait par la pratique de la jachère ou l'apport du fumier. La fixation de l'azote atmosphérique par certaines légumineuses est peu performante voir inefficace. De nos jours, l'inoculation de rhizobium et de ...

  9. Mobiliser les canadiens pour accroître l' impact | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    14 déc. 2010 ... L'objectif : trouver des solutions concrètes aux problèmes reliés à la santé et aux services de santé dans les pays à faible revenu et les pays à revenu ... ils recevront un financement de base à long terme, qui leur permettra de recruter et de garder des chercheurs de haut niveau et qui viendra améliorer la ...

  10. Health | Page 13 | IDRC - International Development Research Centre

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'une des premières évaluations officielles d'un programme de services de garde d'enfants pour les ménages à faible revenu en Inde pourrait fournir des données empiriques permettant d'améliorer l'égalité des sexes au pays et au-delà de ses frontières. Read more about Le pouvoir des services de garde d'enfants.

  11. 1234-IJBCS-Article-Bouré Ouéye G +

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    KODJIO NORBERT

    Le riz est la céréale de base des populations des Régions administratives de la Tandjilé et du Mayo-. Kebbi Est, dans le sud du Tchad. Le rendement du riz est cependant relativement très bas (moins de 1 t/ha). Ceci est lié à plusieurs facteurs parmi lesquels la forte infestation des rizières par les riz adventices et la faible.

  12. La promotion des produits alimentaires nourrissants à base de millet ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Le millet possède des qualités nutritives supérieures et une plus grande résilience au climat, mais sa production et sa consommation demeurent faibles dans de nombreux pays de l'Asie du Sud, comme l'Inde. Ce projet relèvera ce défi grâce à une recherche visant la mise en valeur de la transformation du millet et des ...

  13. 2303-IJBCS-Article-Alain Ignassou Djinet

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    laquelle la culture a été effectuée Zara et al. (1982). Pendant nos expérimentations, nous avons constaté que les résultats en termes de rendement sont importants en saison des pluies qu'en saison sèche malgré la faible pluviométrie relevée pendant ces expérimentations. Cependant, plusieurs études ont montré l'action ...

  14. Effets de six composts sur les réponses physiologiques ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Les effets de ces six composts sur le potentiel hydrique, la fuite d'électrolyte, la teneur en amidon des feuilles et sur quelques paramètres agronomiques ont été évalués sur les plantes stressées en comparaison avec les plantes témoins. Les résultats indiquent des valeurs du potentiel hydrique foliaire très faibles et une ...

  15. Risques dus aux résidus d'antibiotiques détectés dans le lait de ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    31 août 2014 ... Mots clés : résidus d'antibiotique, lait cru, bovin, risque, Bénin. Journal of Applied Biosciences 80:7102 – 7112. ISSN 1997–5902 .... cône à usage unique. Les microplaques ainsi apprêtées ont été recouvertes d'un film .... la gestion des pathologies. Toutefois, les faibles pourcentages, inférieurs à 50 % des ...

  16. Résultats de recherche | Page 176 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Dans le cadre de ce projet, les chercheurs étudieront l'impact de l'investissement étranger direct (IED) sur l'efficience économique, la pauvreté et les inégalités dans les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire. Projet. Les liens entre les changements dans l'utilisation des terres et la santé humaine dans l'est de l' ...

  17. Une simple trousse améliore la vie des paysans cultivant les ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Augmentation du rendement des producteurs de petits mils par leur participation à la sélection des variétés en Asie du Sud. En dépit du fait qu'ils ont une teneur élevée en micronutriments et en fibres alimentaires, présentent un indice glycémique faible et tolèrent le s. Voir davantageAugmentation du rendement des ...

  18. Date et densité optimales de semis du niébé [ Vigna unguiculata (L ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Objectifs : Au Sénégal, la production de mil est faible à cause de plusieurs facteurs parmi lesquels la pauvreté des sols, la pression des adventices. Ce présent travail envisage l'utilisation des cultures associées (mil et niébé) pour lutter contre les adventices et améliorer à la fois la qualité des sols et la production agricole.

  19. Non-autoclaved aerated concrete with mineral additives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Il'ina, L. V.; Rakov, M. A.

    2016-01-01

    We investigated the effect of joint grinding of Portland cement clinker, silica and carbonate components and mineral additives to specific surface of 280 - 300 m2/kg on the properties (strength, average density and thermal conductivity) of non-autoclaved aerated concrete, and the porosity of the hardened cement paste produced from Portland cement clinker with mineral additives. The joint grinding of the Portland cement clinker with silica and carbonate components and mineral additives reduces the energy consumption of non-autoclaved aerated concrete production. The efficiency of mineral additives (diopside, wollastonite) is due to the closeness the composition, the type of chemical bonds, physical and chemical characteristics (specific enthalpy of formation, specific entropy) to anhydrous clinker minerals and their hydration products. Considering the influence of these additions on hydration of clinker minerals and formation of hardened cement paste structure, dispersed wollastonite and diopside should be used as mineral additives. The hardness and, consequently, the elastic modulus of diopside are higher than that of hardened cement paste. As a result, there is a redistribution of stresses in the hardened cement paste interporous partitions and hardening, both the partitions and aerated concrete on the whole. The mineral additives introduction allowed to obtain the non-autoclaved aerated concrete with average density 580 kg/m3, compressive strength of 3.3 MPa and thermal conductivity of 0.131 W/(m.°C).

  20. Transfer of Training in Simple Addition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yalin; Campbell, Jamie I D

    2017-04-18

    In recent years several researchers have proposed that skilled adults may solve single-digit addition problems (e.g. 3 + 1 = 4, 4 + 3 = 7) using a fast counting procedure. Practicing a procedure, often leads to transfer of learning and faster performance of unpracticed items. Such transfer has been demonstrated using a counting-based alphabet arithmetic task (e.g., B + 4 = C D E F) that indicated robust generalization of practice (i.e., RT gains) when untrained transfer problems at test had been implicitly practiced (e.g., practice B + 3, test B + 2 or B + 1). Here we constructed analogous simple addition problems (practice 4 + 3, test 4 + 2 or 4 + 1). In each of three experiments (total n = 108) participants received six practice blocks followed by two test blocks of new problems to examine generalization effects. Practice of addition identity-rule problems (i.e., 0 + N = N) showed complete transfer of RT gains made during practice to unpracticed items at test. In contrast, the addition ties (2 + 2, 3 + 3, etc.) presented large RT costs for unpracticed problems at test, but sped up substantially in the second test block. This pattern is consistent with item-specific strengthening of associative memory. The critical items were small non-tie additions (sum ≤ 10) for which the test problems would be implicitly practiced if counting was employed during practice. In all three experiments (and collectively) there was no evidence of generalization for these items in the first test block, but there was robust speed up when the items were repeated in the second test block. Thus, there was no evidence of the generalization of practice that would be expected if counting procedures mediated our participants' performance on small non-tie addition problems.

  1. Enabling Technologies for Medium Additive Manufacturing (MAAM)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Richardson, Bradley S. [ORNL; Love, Lonnie J. [ORNL; Chesser, Phillip C. [ORNL; Miller, Jason [Cosine Additive, Inc.; McCalip, Andrew [Cosine Additive, Inc.

    2018-02-01

    ORNL has worked with Cosine Additive, Inc. on the design of MAAM extrusion components. The objective is to improve the print speed and part quality. A pellet extruder has been procured and integrated into the MAAM printer. Print speed has been greatly enhanced. In addition, ORNL and Cosine Additive have worked on alternative designs for a pellet drying and feed system.

  2. Biocompatibility of photopolymers for additive manufacturing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonhardt Stefan

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available To establish photopolymers for the production of class II or class III medical products by additive manufacturing it is essential to know which components of photopolymeric systems, consisting of monomers, photoinitiators and additives, are the determining factors on their biocompatible properties. In this study the leachable substances of a cured photopolymeric system were eluted and identified by HPLC-MS detection. In addition the cured photopolymer was testes for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity according to DIN EN ISO 10993 for long time applications. The results showed that uncured residual monomers are the determining factor on the biocompatible properties of the photopolymeric system. Strategies to reduce these residual monomers in the cured photopolymer are presented.

  3. A generalized additive regression model for survival times

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Scheike, Thomas H.

    2001-01-01

    Additive Aalen model; counting process; disability model; illness-death model; generalized additive models; multiple time-scales; non-parametric estimation; survival data; varying-coefficient models......Additive Aalen model; counting process; disability model; illness-death model; generalized additive models; multiple time-scales; non-parametric estimation; survival data; varying-coefficient models...

  4. Excessive Additive Effect On Engine Oil Viscosity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vojtěch Kumbár

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The main goal of this paper is excessive additive (for oil filling effect on engine oil dynamic viscosity. Research is focused to commercially distribute automotive engine oil with viscosity class 15W–40 designed for vans. There were prepared blends of new and used engine oil without and with oil additive in specific ratio according manufacturer’s recommendations. Dynamic viscosity of blends with additive was compared with pure new and pure used engine oil. The temperature dependence dynamic viscosity of samples was evaluated by using rotary viscometer with standard spindle. Concern was that the oil additive can moves engine oil of several viscosity grades up. It is able to lead to failure in the engine. Mathematical models were used for fitting experimental values of dynamic viscosity. Exponential fit function was selected, which was very accurate because the coefficient of determination R2 achieved high values (0.98–0.99. These models are able to predict viscosity behaviour blends of engine oil and additive.

  5. Additive Manufacturing in the Marine Corps

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-06-01

    TERMS additive manufacturing, 3D printing, improving logistics 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 123 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT...One such method is ultrasonic agglomeration. The process produces compact snack items that are nutrient-dense and shelf-stable. Currently Army...possess outdated technology. Additionally, prices for the printers are dropping significantly.202 Therefore, the Marine Corps will not only have outdated

  6. Anatomically ordered tapping interferes more with one-digit addition than two-digit addition: a dual-task fMRI study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soylu, Firat; Newman, Sharlene D

    2016-02-01

    Fingers are used as canonical representations for numbers across cultures. In previous imaging studies, it was shown that arithmetic processing activates neural resources that are known to participate in finger movements. Additionally, in one dual-task study, it was shown that anatomically ordered finger tapping disrupts addition and subtraction more than multiplication, possibly due to a long-lasting effect of early finger counting experiences on the neural correlates and organization of addition and subtraction processes. How arithmetic task difficulty and tapping complexity affect the concurrent performance is still unclear. If early finger counting experiences have bearing on the neural correlates of arithmetic in adults, then one would expect anatomically and non-anatomically ordered tapping to have different interference effects, given that finger counting is usually anatomically ordered. To unravel these issues, we studied how (1) arithmetic task difficulty and (2) the complexity of the finger tapping sequence (anatomical vs. non-anatomical ordering) affect concurrent performance and use of key neural circuits using a mixed block/event-related dual-task fMRI design with adult participants. The results suggest that complexity of the tapping sequence modulates interference on addition, and that one-digit addition (fact retrieval), compared to two-digit addition (calculation), is more affected from anatomically ordered tapping. The region-of-interest analysis showed higher left angular gyrus BOLD response for one-digit compared to two-digit addition, and in no-tapping conditions than dual tapping conditions. The results support a specific association between addition fact retrieval and anatomically ordered finger movements in adults, possibly due to finger counting strategies that deploy anatomically ordered finger movements early in the development.

  7. Additive Construction with Mobile Emplacement (ACME)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vickers, John

    2015-01-01

    The Additive Construction with Mobile Emplacement (ACME) project is developing technology to build structures on planetary surfaces using in-situ resources. The project focuses on the construction of both 2D (landing pads, roads, and structure foundations) and 3D (habitats, garages, radiation shelters, and other structures) infrastructure needs for planetary surface missions. The ACME project seeks to raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of two components needed for planetary surface habitation and exploration: 3D additive construction (e.g., contour crafting), and excavation and handling technologies (to effectively and continuously produce in-situ feedstock). Additionally, the ACME project supports the research and development of new materials for planetary surface construction, with the goal of reducing the amount of material to be launched from Earth.

  8. The Application of Non-Metallic Core Materials in a High-Temperature Reactor Experiment; Utilisation de materes non metalliques dans le coeur d'un reacteur experimental a haute temperature; Ispol'zovanie nemetallicheskikh materialov dlya aktivnoj zony vysokotemperaturnogo opytnogo reaktora; Empleo de materiales no metalicos en el nucleo de un reactor experimental de alta temperatura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huddle, R. A.U.; Shepherd, L. R. [Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Dragon Project, Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, Dorset (United Kingdom)

    1963-11-15

    refroidis par un gaz, construire et exploiter, dans le cadre de ce projet, un reacteur experimental de 20 MWth. Le reacteur - dont la construction touche a sa fin - est refroidi a l'helium; la temperature de sortie du coeur est de 750{sup o}C; il emploie de l'uranium-235 comme combustible et du thorium comme matiere fertile. Il est caracterise par l'absence de tout metal dans le coeur du reacteur. En raison'des hautes temperatures, qui peuvent atteindre 1050{sup o}C a la surface des elements combustibles et s'elever au dessus de 1500{sup o}C dans les regions les plus chaudes du combustible, on emploie des materiaux refractaires non metalliques. Le fait que tous les constituants du coeur sont reunis dans l'element combustible permet d'obtenir un rapport eleve entre la surface de transfert de la chaleur et le volume du coeur, d'ou une puissance specifique moyenne elevee pour un ensemble de dimension relativement faible. Chaque element combustible est constitue par un faisceau de tubes de graphite contenant les matieres fissiles et fertiles sous forme de carbure incorpore a des pastilles de graphite. Un courant refroidisseur d'helium traverse le centre de chaque barreau de combustible d'ou il ressort par la base pour etre conduit dans une installation de purification dans laquelle il est debarrasse des produits de fission et autres impuretes avant d'etre achemine de nouveau vers le reacteur. Cette methode permet de reduire la fuite des produits de fission qui, s'echappant du combustible ceramique porte a tres haute temperature, entrent dans le circuit de refroidissement primaire. Les auteurs exposent les problemes lies a la mise au point et a la fabrication du graphite et des elements combustibles ceramiques destines a ce reacteur ainsi que le comportement de ces materiaux dans les conditions de fonctionnement. Ils indiquent les resultats de recherches en pile et dans des boucles d'irradiation. Dans ce programme, tout l'effort se concentre sur la mise au point de reacteurs a

  9. Critical experiments in AQUILON with fuels slightly enriched in uranium 235 or in plutonium; Experiences critiques dans aquilon portant sur des combustibles legerement enrichis en uranium 235 et en plutonium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chabrillac, M; Ledanois, G; Lourme, P; Naudet, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    Reactivity comparisons have been, made in Aquilon II between geometrically identical lattices differing only by the composition of the fuel. The fuel elements consist in metallic uranium single rods with either slight differences of the isotopic composition (0.69 - 0.71 - 0.83 - 0.86 per cent of uranium 235) or slight additions of plutonium (0.043 per cent). Five lattices pitches have bean used, in order to produce a large variation of spectrum. Two additional sets of plutonium fuels are prepared to be used in the same conditions. The double comparisons: natural enriched 235 versus natural-enriched plutonium are made in such a way that a very precise interpretation is permitted. The results are perfectly consistent which seems to prove that the calculation methods are convenient. Further it can been inferred that the usual data, namely for the ratio of the {eta} of {sup 235}U and {sup 239}Pu seem reliable. (authors) [French] On a compare neutroniquement dans Aquilon II des reseaux geometriquement identiques mais comportant de petites differences de composition du combustible. EL s'agit de barres d'uranium metallique, les unes avec des teneurs differentes en isotopes 235 (0,69 - 0,71 - 0,83 - 0,86 pour cent) les autres comportant une legere addition de plutonium (0,043 pour cent). Les comparaisons ont ete faites a cinq pas differents, de maniere a mettre en jeu une assez large variation de spectre. Deux autres jeux de combustible au plutonium seront utilises ulterieurement dans les memes conditions. Les resultats des mesures se presentent sous forme de doubles comparaisons: naturel-enrichi 235/naturel-enrichi plutonium. On s'est place dans des conditions qui permettent des interpretations tres precises. Les resultats sont remarquablement coherents, ce qui semble montrer que les methodes de calcul sont bien adaptees, Ils tendent d'autre part a prouver que les valeurs numeriques admises dans la litterature, notamment pour le rapport des {eta} de l'U 235 et de Pu 239

  10. An Additive-Multiplicative Cox-Aalen Regression Model

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Scheike, Thomas H.; Zhang, Mei-Jie

    2002-01-01

    Aalen model; additive risk model; counting processes; Cox regression; survival analysis; time-varying effects......Aalen model; additive risk model; counting processes; Cox regression; survival analysis; time-varying effects...

  11. Sol-gel additive for systems with inorganic binders

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Akstinat, M.; Antenen, D.; Suter, W.

    1996-01-01

    A sol-gel additive for inorganic binder systems and sol-gel process for producing air-placed concrete and mortar by using such sol-gel additives are disclosed. Sol-gel additives for gel-derived inorganic binder systems (for example plaster, cement, lime, special slags, etc.) marked improve the consistency of such binder systems during processing or allow their consistency to be regulated. In addition, these sol-gel additives regulate setting times and substantially improve durability (chemical resistance, reduced permeability) and the mechanical properties of the set binder system. (author)

  12. Oil-leak detector; Detecteur de fuite d'huile

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Da Costa Viera, D; Fierard, P; Bacchiani, L; Lions, N [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1967-07-01

    This apparatus is designed to set off an alarm when the oil level in a reservoir exceeds or falls short of a given value. The detection system consists of a condenser whose plates are separated by air or by oil, the condenser being immersed or non-immersed. A very small change in capacity (of the order of 1 pF for a height of oil of 1 cm) should be detected with respect to the high capacity of the connecting cable. An application for a patent has been made for this apparatus which makes it possible to detect small changes in capacity. (authors) [French] Cet appareil est destine a declencher une alarme lorsque le niveau d'huile d'un reservoir est superieur ou inferieur a une certaine valeur. Le systeme de detection comporte un condensateur dont les armatures sont separees par de l'air ou de l'huile, le condensateur etant immerge ou non. Une tres faible variation de capacite (de l'ordre de 1 pF pour 1 cm de hauteur d'huile) doit etre detectee par rapport a une capacite importante due au cable de liaison. Cet appareil qui permet de deceler ces faibles variations de capacite, fait l'objet d'une demande de brevet. (auteurs)

  13. Application of the Moessbauer effect to the study of the structure of transition metal complexes; Applications de l'effet Mossbauer a l'etude de la structure des complexes des metaux de transition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tsymbal, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1968-07-01

    In this survey, the structural investigations of transition metal complexes by the hyperfine interactions in the Moessbauer effect are described. The isomer shift provides a unique tool for estimating s electrons covalency in high spin complexes and one of the best pieces of evidence for the importance of bacle donation in low spin complexes. The electric field gradient deriving from quadrupole coupling measurements is correlated with the energy levels distribution of d orbitals in high spin complexes, whereas in low spin complexes it originates from the unbalanced d electrons. (authors) [French] Dans cette etude, nous decrivons les applications des interactions hyperfines dans l' effet Mossbauer a l'etude de la structure des complexes des metaux de transition. Le deplacement isomerique donne des informations tres utiles sur la covalence des electrons s dans les complexes a spin eleve et met en evidence d'une maniere nette l'importance du phenomene de 'bacle donation' dans les complexes a spin faible. Le gradient de champ electrique qui provient des mesures d'interaction quadripolaire est lie a la distribution des niveaux d'energie des orbitales d dans les complexes a spin eleve alors que dans les complexes a spin faible, il est provoque par des electrons d non apparies. (auteurs)

  14. Additive manufacturing in production: challenges and opportunities

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahuja, Bhrigu; Karg, Michael; Schmidt, Michael

    2015-03-01

    Additive manufacturing, characterized by its inherent layer by layer fabrication methodology has been coined by many as the latest revolution in the manufacturing industry. Due to its diversification of Materials, processes, system technology and applications, Additive Manufacturing has been synonymized with terminology such as Rapid prototyping, 3D printing, free-form fabrication, Additive Layer Manufacturing, etc. A huge media and public interest in the technology has led to an innovative attempt of exploring the technology for applications beyond the scope of the traditional engineering industry. Nevertheless, it is believed that a critical factor for the long-term success of Additive Manufacturing would be its ability to fulfill the requirements defined by the traditional manufacturing industry. A parallel development in market trends and product requirements has also lead to a wider scope of opportunities for Additive Manufacturing. The presented paper discusses some of the key challenges which are critical to ensure that Additive Manufacturing is truly accepted as a mainstream production technology in the industry. These challenges would highlight on various aspects of production such as product requirements, process management, data management, intellectual property, work flow management, quality assurance, resource planning, etc. In Addition, changing market trends such as product life cycle, mass customization, sustainability, environmental impact and localized production will form the foundation for the follow up discussion on the current limitations and the corresponding research opportunities. A discussion on ongoing research to address these challenges would include topics like process monitoring, design complexity, process standardization, multi-material and hybrid fabrication, new material development, etc.

  15. Analysis of consumer preferences focused on food additives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dagmar Kozelová

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper is aimed to evaluate the role of additives in food production and to identify how these additives are known and used by consumers in their households. The questionnaire technique was used, the research involved 220 respondents. It was found that the respondents are perceptive to adding of additives into food. Cluster analysis confirmed that the majority of respondents is about the incidence of food additives only partially informed, although 87% of respondents knew what the (E letter of additive means. The correct answers for each question depended on the age and education of respondents and were not dependent on gender of respondents. We recommend to enhance public knowledge about nutrition, diet and food composition, functions, benefits and safety of food additives.

  16. Contribution to the study of metallic materials bio-corrosion phenomena; Contribution a l'etude des phenomenes de biocorrosion des materiaux metalliques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feron, D

    2004-05-01

    After having recalled the main electrochemical methods used for the study of metallic materials bio-deterioration phenomena, the corrosion of non or low alloy steels in anaerobic conditions is dealt with: the obtained results reveal a strong interaction between the metallic ions and the growth of sulfato reducing bacteria with inhibiting or accelerating ions of this growth. Concerning the corrosion, the chromium and molybdenum additions have a favourable effect on the resistance of low alloy steels. The sulfides impose the electrochemical behaviour of these materials, whereas the role of hydrogenases on the cathodic reaction is still to be specified to explain the observed localized corrosion, including the pure cultures of sulfato-reducing bacteria. The behaviour of stainless steels in seawater can be explained by an enzymatic catalysis of the cathodic reaction. Such a model takes into account the general behaviour of passivable alloys in natural waters in a general way and has allowed to perfect a synthetic seawater which leads to corrosion phenomena by crevice effect on stainless steels similar to those observed in natural seawater. The coupling of the aerobic conditions with the leading part of the enzymes on the cathodic reaction and of the anaerobic conditions with the presence of sulfides (which decrease the resistance of the passive layer) is the most unfavourable situation for the resistance of passivable alloys. These results lead to the concept of electrochemically activated bio-films which could be used in particular in energy production (fuel cells). (O.M.)

  17. Study of a pulsed discharge in hydrogen using the far ultraviolet emission of an additional element: electron temperature measurement; Etude d'une decharge pulsee dans l'hydrogene a partir de l'emission dans l'ultraviolet lointain d'un element additionnel: mesure de la temperature electronique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schwob, J L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1967-06-15

    Ionization and excitation of an additional element in a pulsed annular discharge in hydrogen at low pressure (T.A.2000) are described by means of a simple coronal type analytical model. This model allows us to interpret the time variation of the intensity of spectral lines observed in the vacuum ultraviolet region. From this analysis two methods of electron temperature determination are deduced. The first method is based on the apparition time measurement of the intensity maximum for the spectral lines emitted from successive ions of the additional element (nitrogen). In the second method the electron temperature is determined from the intensity ratio of two spectral lines of an alkali-like ion. The transition couples (2s-2p, 2s-3p) and (2s-2p, 3s-3p) of C IV, N V and O VI have been used. The results obtained with these two independent methods are in good agreement. The electron temperature varies from a few electron-volts at the beginning of the discharge, to 70 eV at the time of N V emission (at 55 {mu}s), before the current maximum in the discharge (at 170 {mu}s). (author) [French] On etudie l'ionisation et l'excitation d'un element additionnel dans une decharge annulaire pulsee dans l'hydrogene sous faible pression (T.A.2000) a ralde d'un modele analytique simple du type coronal. Ce modele permet d'interpreter l'evolution de l'intensite des raies spectrales observees dans l'ultraviolet lointain. On deduit de cette etude deux methodes de determination de la temperature electronique. La premiere est basee sur la meaure des temps d'apparition des maximums d'intensite des raies emises par les ions successifs de l'element additionnel (azote). Dans la deuxieme methode la temperature est determinee a partir du rapport d'intensite des deux raies d'un ion alcalinoide. On a utilise les couples de transitions (2s-2p, 2s-3p) et (2e-2p, 3s-3p) des ions C IV, N V et 0 VI. Les resultats obtenus par ces deux voies independantes montrent un assez bon accord. La temperature

  18. Advanced Material Strategies for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Jinke; He, Jiankang; Mao, Mao; Zhou, Wenxing; Lei, Qi; Li, Xiao; Li, Dichen; Chua, Chee-Kai; Zhao, Xin

    2018-01-22

    Additive manufacturing (AM) has drawn tremendous attention in various fields. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop novel additive manufacturing processes such as micro-/nano-scale 3D printing, bioprinting, and 4D printing for the fabrication of complex 3D structures with high resolution, living components, and multimaterials. The development of advanced functional materials is important for the implementation of these novel additive manufacturing processes. Here, a state-of-the-art review on advanced material strategies for novel additive manufacturing processes is provided, mainly including conductive materials, biomaterials, and smart materials. The advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of these materials for additive manufacturing are discussed. It is believed that the innovations of material strategies in parallel with the evolution of additive manufacturing processes will provide numerous possibilities for the fabrication of complex smart constructs with multiple functions, which will significantly widen the application fields of next-generation additive manufacturing.

  19. Advanced Material Strategies for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jinke Chang

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Additive manufacturing (AM has drawn tremendous attention in various fields. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop novel additive manufacturing processes such as micro-/nano-scale 3D printing, bioprinting, and 4D printing for the fabrication of complex 3D structures with high resolution, living components, and multimaterials. The development of advanced functional materials is important for the implementation of these novel additive manufacturing processes. Here, a state-of-the-art review on advanced material strategies for novel additive manufacturing processes is provided, mainly including conductive materials, biomaterials, and smart materials. The advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of these materials for additive manufacturing are discussed. It is believed that the innovations of material strategies in parallel with the evolution of additive manufacturing processes will provide numerous possibilities for the fabrication of complex smart constructs with multiple functions, which will significantly widen the application fields of next-generation additive manufacturing.

  20. Advanced Material Strategies for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chang, Jinke; He, Jiankang; Zhou, Wenxing; Lei, Qi; Li, Xiao; Li, Dichen

    2018-01-01

    Additive manufacturing (AM) has drawn tremendous attention in various fields. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop novel additive manufacturing processes such as micro-/nano-scale 3D printing, bioprinting, and 4D printing for the fabrication of complex 3D structures with high resolution, living components, and multimaterials. The development of advanced functional materials is important for the implementation of these novel additive manufacturing processes. Here, a state-of-the-art review on advanced material strategies for novel additive manufacturing processes is provided, mainly including conductive materials, biomaterials, and smart materials. The advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of these materials for additive manufacturing are discussed. It is believed that the innovations of material strategies in parallel with the evolution of additive manufacturing processes will provide numerous possibilities for the fabrication of complex smart constructs with multiple functions, which will significantly widen the application fields of next-generation additive manufacturing. PMID:29361754

  1. Laser additive manufacturing of high-performance materials

    CERN Document Server

    Gu, Dongdong

    2015-01-01

    This book entitled “Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Materials” covers the specific aspects of laser additive manufacturing of high-performance new materials components based on an unconventional materials incremental manufacturing philosophy, in terms of materials design and preparation, process control and optimization, and theories of physical and chemical metallurgy. This book describes the capabilities and characteristics of the development of new metallic materials components by laser additive manufacturing process, including nanostructured materials, in situ composite materials, particle reinforced metal matrix composites, etc. The topics presented in this book, similar as laser additive manufacturing technology itself, show a significant interdisciplinary feature, integrating laser technology, materials science, metallurgical engineering, and mechanical engineering. This is a book for researchers, students, practicing engineers, and manufacturing industry professionals interested i...

  2. Non-additive measures theory and applications

    CERN Document Server

    Narukawa, Yasuo; Sugeno, Michio; 9th International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence (MDAI 2012)

    2014-01-01

    This book provides a comprehensive and timely report in the area of non-additive measures and integrals. It is based on a panel session on fuzzy measures, fuzzy integrals and aggregation operators held during the 9th International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence (MDAI 2012) in Girona, Spain, November 21-23, 2012. The book complements the MDAI 2012 proceedings book, published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) in 2012. The individual chapters, written by key researchers in the field, cover fundamental concepts and important definitions (e.g. the Sugeno integral, definition of entropy for non-additive measures) as well some important applications (e.g. to economics and game theory) of non-additive measures and integrals. The book addresses students, researchers and practitioners working at the forefront of their field.  

  3. Minimum Additive Waste Stabilization (MAWS)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1994-02-01

    In the Minimum Additive Waste Stabilization(MAWS) concept, actual waste streams are utilized as additive resources for vitrification, which may contain the basic components (glass formers and fluxes) for making a suitable glass or glassy slag. If too much glass former is present, then the melt viscosity or temperature will be too high for processing; while if there is too much flux, then the durability may suffer. Therefore, there are optimum combinations of these two important classes of constituents depending on the criteria required. The challenge is to combine these resources in such a way that minimizes the use of non-waste additives yet yields a processable and durable final waste form for disposal. The benefit to this approach is that the volume of the final waste form is minimized (waste loading maximized) since little or no additives are used and vitrification itself results in volume reduction through evaporation of water, combustion of organics, and compaction of the solids into a non-porous glass. This implies a significant reduction in disposal costs due to volume reduction alone, and minimizes future risks/costs due to the long term durability and leach resistance of glass. This is accomplished by using integrated systems that are both cost-effective and produce an environmentally sound waste form for disposal. individual component technologies may include: vitrification; thermal destruction; soil washing; gas scrubbing/filtration; and, ion-exchange wastewater treatment. The particular combination of technologies will depend on the waste streams to be treated. At the heart of MAWS is vitrification technology, which incorporates all primary and secondary waste streams into a final, long-term, stabilized glass wasteform. The integrated technology approach, and view of waste streams as resources, is innovative yet practical to cost effectively treat a broad range of DOE mixed and low-level wastes

  4. A ¤flexible additive multiplicative hazard model

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Martinussen, T.; Scheike, T. H.

    2002-01-01

    Aalen's additive model; Counting process; Cox regression; Hazard model; Proportional excess harzard model; Time-varying effect......Aalen's additive model; Counting process; Cox regression; Hazard model; Proportional excess harzard model; Time-varying effect...

  5. Dolomitic lime containing hydraulic additive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lagzdina, S.; Sedmalis, U.; Bidermanis, L.; Liepins, J.; Grosvalds, I.

    1997-01-01

    To obtain qualitative dolomitic lime the optimum calcination temperature of dolomite containing about 9 % of clayey substances is 900 deg C. The mechanical strength of dolomitic lime containing 30 % of brick waste additive after 6-9 months of hardening is 1.4-1.5 times higher than that of samples without hydraulic additive, for calcium lime - 2.2-2.6 times higher. Generally the mechanical strength of dolomitic lime is higher than that one of calcium lime. It can be explained by the active role of MgO in the hydration and hardening processes of dolomitic lime. Xray diffraction phase analysis was performed by X-ray diffractometer DPON-3M with Cu-K α emission filter

  6. Additional symmetries of supersymmetric KP hierarchies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stanciu, S.

    1994-01-01

    We investigate the additional symmetries of several supersymmetric KP hierarchies: the SKP hierarchy of Manin and Radul, the SKP 2 hierarchy, and the Jacobian SKP hierarchy. In all three cases we find that the algebra of symmetries is isomorphic to the algebra of superdifferential operators, or equivalently SW 1+∞ . These results seem to suggest that despite their realization depending on the dynamics, the additional symmetries are kinematical in nature. (orig.)

  7. Material Database for Additive Manufacturing Techniques

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-12-01

    components in the field. II. BACKGROUND Additive manufacturing is a rapidly maturing process by which digital 3-D design data are used to build up...improves readiness by offering on-demand low-rate production [8, 9]. 3-D printing also enables rapid design iterations and complexity, which improve...abundant in additive manufacturing , allowing design freedom that is only limited by the material strength requirements. A set of eight conductive

  8. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-01-01

    This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and a food contaminant with a view to concluding as to safety concerns and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and dietary exposure data for seven food additives (advantame; glucoamylase from Trichoderma reesei expressed in Trichoderma reesei; glycerol ester of gum rosin; glycerol ester of tall oil rosin; glycerol ester of wood rosin; nisin; and octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic) and an assessment of dietary exposure to cadmium from cocoa and cocoa products. Specifications for the following food additives were revised: annatto extracts (solvent-extracted bixin and solvent-extracted norbixin); Benzoe tonkinensis; food additives containing aluminium and/or silicon; mineral oil (medium viscosity); modified starches; paprika extract; phosphates (analytical methods for the determination of phosphorus and revision of specifications); 3-phytase from Aspergillus niger expressed in Aspergillus niger; potassium aluminium silicate; and potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments. Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for dietary exposures to and toxicological evaluations of the food additives and contaminant considered.

  9. Additive property of separative power

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamamoto, Ichiro; Kanagawa, Akira

    1980-01-01

    A separative power of a separating element, whose heads and tails separation factors are α and β, is expressed by phi sub(b)(α, β) = [α(β - 1)1n α - (α - 1)1n β]/(αβ - 1) for the unit flow of the desired material and phi sub(a)(α, β) (= phi sub(b)(β, α)) for that of undesired material. The additive properties of the functions phi sub(b) and phi sub(a) were demonstrated by calculations of various types of ideal cascades, but the origin of the property is not obvious. The present study has furnished the mathematical basis of the additivity based on the special functional equation. First, for symmetric processes (α = β), the functional equation which describes the function representing the quality of separation f(α, α) concerning the desired material was obtained and solved to give the functional form of f(α, α). The result was extented to the function f(α, β) representing the quality of asymmetric separation (α not equal β). The derived function f(α, β) was demonstrated to be equal to phi sub(b)(α, β), and it was verified that functions phi sub(b)(α, β) and phi sub(a)(α, β) have the additive property in themselves. (author)

  10. 1268-IJBCS-Article-Larwanou Mahamane

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    ressources naturelles (Jouve, 1996). Des solutions ont été développées pour faire face aux problèmes de dégradation des terres et pour améliorer les systèmes de production. (Yamba, 1994) : aménagement forestier,. Régénération Naturelle Assistée (RNA), multiplication végétative à faible coût (MVfc). (Peltier et al., 1994 ...

  11. Fertilisation minérale du cacaoyer ( Theobroma cacao L.) en Côte d ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    En Côte d'Ivoire, le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) est traditionnellement cultivé selon un système extensif et itinérant, utilisant du matériel végétal peu performant. Les rendements en cacao sont donc faible (260 à 600 kg·ha-1·an-1). Pour améliorer la productivité des cacaoyères, les chercheurs ivoiriens ont mis au point ...

  12. Amélioration de la nutrition en Éthiopie par le truchement de la ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Amélioration de la nutrition en Éthiopie par le truchement de la sélection végétale et de la gestion des sols (FCRSAI). L'Éthiopie présente l'un des plus hauts taux de malnutrition au monde. La situation est particulièrement grave dans le sud du pays en raison de la faible productivité agricole et du régime alimentaire ...

  13. Biodiversité et santé : Tuons-nous les plantes qui peuvent nous guérir

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    1 févr. 2011 ... En outre, le déboisement et la désertification, réduisant tant la qualité du bois que la quantité, ont eu des effets néfastes sur la demande, tandis que la ... La popularité des guérisseurs traditionnels et de leurs remèdes repose en partie sur le faible coût des services et des médicaments, affirme Messanvi ...

  14. 205 Apport de l'approche systémique des systèmes d'élevage à l ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Ben

    Mots-clés : télédétection, steppe, désertification, enquête, Naâma, Algérie. Abstract ... Algérie, près de 500.000 hectares de terres en zones steppiques sont en voie de désertification, et plus de 7 millions ..... parcours, malgré le faible rendement qui ne dépasse guerre 3 q x /ha selon la Direction des Services. Agricoles [9].

  15. Subventions de renforcement des capacités en vue d'essais en ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'intervention du Canada à l'égard de l'épidémie de VIH/sida à l'échelle internationale s'inscrit surtout dans le cadre de l'Initiative canadienne de vaccin contre le VIH (ICVV). L'ICVV se propose d'accroître les capacités du Canada, des pays à faible revenu et des pays à revenu intermédiaire de contrer cette épidémie, ...

  16. Charges froides actives pour le calibrage des radiomètres micro ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Nous présentons dans ce papier une synthèse concernant la réalisation de charges froides actives à partir d'un transistor micro onde. Le but de celle-ci est de fournir une source de référence pour les radiomètres qui présentent une faible température de bruit tout en fonctionnant à température ambiante. Une présentation ...

  17. les importations subventionnees de genisses a haut potentiel laitier

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Administrateur

    RÉSUMÉ. L'Algérie a adopté depuis les années soixante des politiques d'in- citation à l'élevage bovin laitier constitué à partir de génisses pleines importées subissant un droit de douane faible et dont l'achat par les agriculteurs est subventionné. Ce papier montre qu'il y a un écart considérable en 2011 entre le nombre de ...

  18. La conception d'un système d'étiquetage frontal au Guatemala pour ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'un des objectifs du plan est d'imposer un étiquetage frontal sur les emballages d'aliments et les contenants de boissons à forte teneur énergétique et à faible ... Une société de marketing préparera une série d'étiquettes fondées sur des données probantes et adaptées à la culture pour les boissons édulcorées au sucre.

  19. 1595-IJBCS-Article -Goalbaye Touroumgaye

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    1985 ; Avila, 1985 ; Wellhaussen, 1977 ;. Hallauer et Miranda, 1981). Ainsi elles sont susceptibles à certains stress d'où la nécessité de faire le test d'adaptation à la sécheresse. Alors l'inadaptabilité de certaines populations ou variétés de maïs à la sécheresse ne serait- elle pas l'une des causes de la faible productivité de ...

  20. Taxer pour diminuer l'effet néfaste du tabac à l'échelle mondiale ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    29 mai 2017 ... Mais à force de persévérance, l'Afrique de l'Ouest a connu un changement radical. La comparaison des portraits statistiques des 15 « profils de pays » créés par le CRES a permis de révéler que les pays imposant des taxes plus élevées sur le tabac présentaient des taux de tabagisme plus faibles, tandis ...

  1. An appraisal of irrigated temperate and tropical millet varieties in the ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Le mil est la principale culture vivrière dans les régions semi-arides de l'Afrique Occidentale. Les faibles rendements enregistrés dans les systèmes de culture de subsistance sont le fait d'une gestion inadéquate et de la rareté de l'eau. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer l'aptitude du mil à s'intégrer dans une rotation ...

  2. Assessing Vulnerability of Biometric Technologies for Identity Management Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-01

    Statement: Ethical conduct for research involving humans, National Council on Ethics in Human Research, Ottawa, 1998 as issued jointly by the Canadian...coûts d’implémentation relativement faibles. Malheureusement, nom d’utilisateur / mot de passe ne peut être la forme la plus sûre d’authentification en...network access. The team also reviewed documents relating to legal, ethical , cultural and privacy issues related to deployment. Table 1 lists some of

  3. Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Humbeeck, Jan

    2018-04-01

    Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing production process, also called 3D printing, in which functional, complex parts are produced by selectively melting patterns in consecutive layers of powder with a laser beam. The pattern the laser beam is following is controlled by software that calculates the pattern by slicing a 3D CAD model of the part to be constructed. Apart from SLM, also other additive manufacturing techniques such as EBM (Electron Beam Melting), FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling), WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing), LENS (Laser Engineered Net Shaping such as Laser Cladding) and binder jetting allow to construct complete parts layer upon layer. But since more experience of AM of shape memory alloys is collected by SLM, this paper will overview the potentials, limits and problems of producing NiTi parts by SLM.

  4. Flow Behaviour of Alkali, Surfactant, and Xanthan Solutions Used for Enhanced Oil Recovery Fluidité des solutions d'alcali, de tensio-actif et de xanthane utilisées pour la récupération assistée du pétrole

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nasr-El-Din H. A.

    2006-11-01

    viscosité de solutions aqueuses diluées de deux produits à base de xanthane, à teneur en pyruvate moyenne (polymère Statoil ou élevée (Flocon 4800, avec une large gamme de paramètres. L'effet des alcalis sur la viscosité des solutions de xanthane dépend du type et de la concentration de l'alcali, du gradient de cisaillement, et de la teneur en pyruvate. L'influence des alcalis sur la courbe de viscosité du xanthane n'est repérable que pour de faibles gradients de cisaillement. Les alcalis forts (hydroxyde de sodium par exemple provoquent une dégradation partielle des molécules de xanthane, d'où une réduction rapide et importante de la viscosité apparente, surtout avec une forte teneur en pyruvate. Les alcalis en solution-tampon (carbonate de sodium par exemple sont moins nocifs pour la viscosité des solutions de xanthane. Par conséquent, dans les procédés à l'alcali/ polymère ou à l'alcali/tensioactif/polymère utilisant la gomme de xanthane, il serait extrêmement avantageux, du point de vue économique, de préférer un alcali tampon plutôt qu'un alcali fort. L'effet des tensioactifs sur les courbes de viscosité des solutions de xanthane dépend du type et de la concentration du produit tensioactif. L'influence du Triton X-100 (tensioactif non ionique sur les courbes des deux produits à base de xanthane n'est pas significative jusqu'à 10 % en poids. Le Néodol 25-3S, tensioactif anionique, ne provoque de modifications de viscosité notables que pour le xanthane à forte teneur en pyruvate. Le Triton X-100, jusqu'à 10 % en poids, en présence d'alcali, n'a pas d'effet marqué sur les courbes de viscosité des deux produits à base de xanthane. L'addition de Néodol 25-3S à faible concentration diminue légèrement la viscosité des solutions alcali/xanthane. On a constaté un renforcement notable de la viscosité des solutions alcali/xanthane pour de plus fortes concentrations en tensioactif, sur une gamme étroite de concentrations en alcali

  5. Contribution to the study of the effect of a low dose of gamma irradiation on seeds and tubers before planting; Contribution a l'etude de l'effet d'une irradiation gamma a faible dose sur les graines et tubercules avant plantation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silvy, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1968-07-01

    From 1962 to 1965, 25 tests have been made with carrots (1 variety), radish (3 varieties), spinach (2 var.), tomatoes (2 var.), potatoes (2 var.), barley (2 var.), rice (3 var.) and corn (1 var.), with the object of studying the interest for agriculture of seed and tuber gamma irradiation at low dose before planting. These tests were made in the laboratory, in greenhouses and in the open field, all necessary care being taken for a valuable statistical analysis of- the results. Special attention was paid to the homogeneity of plant material by controlling more particularly moisture content of seeds and the storage conditions of tubers. The observations concerned germination, growth at early stages, development phases and yield of leaves, roots and fruit. Some stimulation cases are observed. For tomatoes, it is found that stimulation cases occur at extreme moisture content and not in the range of mean moisture content which corresponds to maximum radioresistance. The demonstration of these effects is related to varieties, complementary treatments, conditions of cultivation and observation criteria. In most cases, they are short-lived and suitable modifications of seed conditioning produce, upon controls, an effect equivalent to that of irradiation. In conclusion, it seems very unlikely - considering our cultivation methods - that seed and tuber irradiation before planting could be of interest for agriculture. (authors) [French] Dans le but d'etudier l'interet agricole d'une irradiation gamma a faible dose des graines et tubercules avant plantation, 25 essais ont ete mis en place de 1962 a 1965 sur carotte (1 var.), radis (3 var.), epinard (2 var.), tomate (2 var.), pomme de terse (2 var.), orge (2 var.), riz (3 var.) et mais (1 var. ). Les essais ont ete faits au laboratoire, dans les serres et en plein champ avec toutes les precautions requises pour une analyse statistique valable des resultats. On a prete une attention particuliere a l'homogeneite du materiel

  6. Additive effects in radiation grafting and curing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Viengkhou, V.; Ng, L.

    1996-01-01

    Full text: Detailed studies on the accelerative effect of novel additives in radiation grafting and curing using acrylated monomer/oligomer systems have been performed in the presence of ionising radiation and UV as sources. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is used as typical monomer for these grafting studies in the presence of the additives with model backbone polymers, cellulose and propropylene. Additives which have been found to accelerate these grafting processes are: mineral acid, occlusion compounds like urea, thermal initiators and photoinitiators as well as multifunctional monomers such as multifunctional acrylates. The results from irradiation with gamma rays have also been compared with irradiation from a 90W UV lamp. The role of the above additives in accelerating the analogous process of radiation curing has been investigated. Acrylated urethanes, epoxies and polyesters are used as oligomers together with acrylated monomers in this work with uv lamps of 300 watts/inch as radiation source. In the UV curing process bonding between film and substrate is usually due to physical forces. In the present work the presence of additives are shown to influence the occurrence of concurrent grafting during cure thus affecting the nature of the bonding of the cured film. The conditions under which concurrent grafting with UV can occur will be examined. A mechanism for accelerative effect of these additives in both grafting and curing processes has been proposed involving radiation effects and partitioning phenomena

  7. BFR Electrolyte Additive Safety and Flammability Characterization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Allcorn, Eric [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

    2017-10-13

    Lithium-ion battery safety is a critical issue in the adoption of the chemistry to larger scale applications such as transportation and stationary storage. One of the critical components impacting the safety of lithium-ion batteries is their use of highly flammable organic electrolytes. In this work, brominated flame retardants (BFR’s) – an existing class of flame retardant materials – are incorporated as additives to lithium-ion battery electrolytes with the intention to reduce the electrolyte flammability and thereby improve safety. There are a few critical needs for a successful electrolyte additive: solubility in the electrolyte, electrochemical stability over the range of battery operation, and minimal detrimental effects on battery performance. Those detrimental effects can take the form of electrolyte specific impacts, such as a reduction in conductivity, or electrode impacts, such as SEI-layer modification or chemical instability to the active material. In addition to these needs, the electrolyte additive also needs to achieve its intended purpose, which in this case is to reduce the flammability of the electrolyte. For the work conducted as part of this SPP agreement three separate BFR materials were provided by Albemarle to be tested by Sandia as additives in a traditional lithium-ion battery electrolyte. The provided BFR materials were tribromo-neopentyl alcohol, tetrabromo bisphenol A, and tribromoethylene. These materials were incorporated as separate 4 wt.% additives into a traditional lithium-ion battery electrolyte and compared to said traditional electrolyte, designated Gen2.

  8. The Frontiers of Additive Manufacturing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Grote, Christopher John [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    2016-03-03

    Additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3-D printing, has become a ubiquitous tool in science for its precise control over mechanical design. For additive manufacturing to work, a 3-D structure is split into thin 2D slices, and then different physical properties, such as photo-polymerization or melting, are used to grow the sequential layers. The level of control allows not only for devices to be made with a variety of materials: e.g. plastics, metals, and quantum dots, but to also have finely controlled structures leading to other novel properties. While 3-D printing is widely used by hobbyists for making models, it also has industrial applications in structural engineering, biological tissue scaffolding, customized electric circuitry, fuel cells, security, and more.

  9. Laser polishing of additive manufactured Ti alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, C. P.; Guan, Y. C.; Zhou, W.

    2017-06-01

    Laser-based additive manufacturing has attracted much attention as a promising 3D printing method for metallic components in recent years. However, surface roughness of additive manufactured components has been considered as a challenge to achieve high performance. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of fiber laser in polishing rough surface of additive manufactured Ti-based alloys as Ti-6Al-4V and TC11. Both as-received surface and laser-polished surfaces as well as cross-section subsurfaces were analyzed carefully by White-Light Interference, Confocal Microscope, Focus Ion Beam, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, and X-ray Diffraction. Results revealed that as-received Ti-based alloys with surface roughness more than 5 μm could be reduce to less than 1 μm through laser polishing process. Moreover, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of laser-polished zone was investigated in order to examine the thermal effect of laser polishing processing on the substrate of additive manufactured Ti alloys. This proof-of-concept process has the potential to effectively improve the surface roughness of additive manufactured metallic alloy by local polishing method without damage to the substrate.

  10. Fuel and Additive Characterization for HCCI Combustion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aceves, S M; Flowers, D; Martinez-Frias, J; Espinosa-Loza, F; Pitz, W J; Dibble, R

    2003-01-01

    This paper shows a numerical evaluation of fuels and additives for HCCl combustion. First, a long list of candidate HCCl fuels is selected. For all the fuels in the list, operating conditions (compression ratio, equivalence ratio and intake temperature) are determined that result in optimum performance under typical operation for a heavy-duty engine. Fuels are also characterized by presenting Log(p)-Log(T) maps for multiple fuels under HCCl conditions. Log(p)-Log(T) maps illustrate important processes during HCCl engine operation, including compression, low temperature heat release and ignition. Log(p)-Log(T) diagrams can be used for visualizing these processes and can be used as a tool for detailed analysis of HCCl combustion. The paper also includes a ranking of many potential additives. Experiments and analyses have indicated that small amounts (a few parts per million) of secondary fuels (additives) may considerably affect HCCl combustion and may play a significant role in controlling HCCl combustion. Additives are ranked according to their capability to advance HCCl ignition. The best additives are listed and an explanation of their effect on HCCl combustion is included

  11. Vacuum pyrolysis of waste tires with basic additives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Xinghua; Wang Tiejun; Ma Longlong; Chang Jie

    2008-01-01

    Granules of waste tires were pyrolyzed under vacuum (3.5-10 kPa) conditions, and the effects of temperature and basic additives (Na 2 CO 3 , NaOH) on the properties of pyrolysis were thoroughly investigated. It was obvious that with or without basic additives, pyrolysis oil yield increased gradually to a maximum and subsequently decreased with a temperature increase from 450 deg. C to 600 deg. C, irrespective of the addition of basic additives to the reactor. The addition of NaOH facilitated pyrolysis dramatically, as a maximal pyrolysis oil yield of about 48 wt% was achieved at 550 deg. C without the addition of basic additives, while a maximal pyrolysis oil yield of about 50 wt% was achieved at 480 deg. C by adding 3 wt% (w/w, powder/waste tire granules) of NaOH powder. The composition analysis of pyrolytic naphtha (i.b.p. (initial boiling point) ∼205 deg. C) distilled from pyrolysis oil showed that more dl-limonene was obtained with basic additives and the maximal content of dl-limonene in pyrolysis oil was 12.39 wt%, which is a valuable and widely-used fine chemical. However, no improvement in pyrolysis was observed with Na 2 CO 3 addition. Pyrolysis gas was mainly composed of H 2 , CO, CH 4 , CO 2 , C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 . Pyrolytic char had a surface area comparable to commercial carbon black, but its proportion of ash (above 11.5 wt%) was much higher

  12. 5 CFR 179.309 - Additional administrative procedures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Additional administrative procedures. 179.309 Section 179.309 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS CLAIMS COLLECTION STANDARDS Administrative Offset § 179.309 Additional administrative procedures. Nothing...

  13. The retro Grignard addition reaction revisited: the reversible addition of benzyl reagents to ketones

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Stig Holden; Holm, Torkil; Madsen, Robert

    2014-01-01

    transformation. The retro benzyl reaction was shown by the addition of benzylmagnesium chloride to di-tert-butyl ketone followed by exchange of both the benzyl and the ketone moiety with another substrate. Similar experiments were performed with phenylmagnesium bromide and tert-butylmagnesium chloride...

  14. 28 CFR 66.6 - Additions and exceptions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Additions and exceptions. 66.6 Section 66.6 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR... additional administrative requirements except in codified regulations published in the Federal Register. (b...

  15. 75 FR 17145 - Food Additives; Bisphenol A; Availability

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-05

    ...] Food Additives; Bisphenol A; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice... contact materials. Uses of BPA were approved by FDA under its food additive regulations in the early 1960s..., Division of 2009 Food Contact Notifications, Office of Food Additive Safety, Center for Food Safety and...

  16. 48 CFR 3452.216-70 - Additional cost principles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional cost principles... Clauses 3452.216-70 Additional cost principles. Insert the following clause in solicitations and contracts as prescribed in 3416.307(b): Additional Cost Principles (AUG 1987) (a) Bid and Proposal Costs. Bid...

  17. Shale-oil-derived additives for fuel oils

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raidma, E.; Leetsman, L.; Muoni, R.; Soone, Y.; Zhiryakov, Y.

    2002-01-01

    Studies have shown that the oxidation, wearing, and anticorrosive properties of shale oil as an additive to liquid fuels and oils enable to improve the conditions of their use. Studies conducted by Institute of Oil Shale have shown that it is possible, on the basis of shale oil produced by Viru Keemia Grupp AS (Viru Chemistry Group Ltd.) and, particularly, on the basis of its fractions 230-320 and 320-360 deg C to produce efficient and stable additives for liquid fuels to improve their combustion and storage properties. In the production of additives from shale oil the prerequisite taken into account is its complexity of composition and high concentration of neutral and phenolic oxygen compounds. Additives produced from shale oil have multifunctional properties which enable to improve operational data of liquid fuels and to increase the power of diesel engines and boilers. (author)

  18. Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers in Additive Manufacturing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hofstätter, Thomas; Pedersen, David Bue; Tosello, Guido

    2017-01-01

    Additive manufacturing technologies are these years entering the market of functional final parts. Initial research has been performed targeting the integration of fibers into additive manufactured plastic composites. Major advantages, among others, are for example increased tensile strength...... and Young's modulus. Key challenges in the field, as of now, are proper fiber placement, fiber seizing, an increased knowledge in the used materials and how they are applied into engineering solutions through proper control of the additive manufacturing process. The aim of this research is the improved...... understanding of fiber-reinforcement in additive manufacturing in terms of production and application. Vat polymerization and material extrusion techniques for composite additive manufacturing were investigated with respect of increasing adhesion between the matrix material and the fibers. Process optimization...

  19. Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Alumina

    OpenAIRE

    Gonzalez, Hugo

    2016-01-01

    Additive manufacturing is seen by many as the holy grail of manufacturing, the ability to produce parts nearly autonomously. Adding material rather than removing it would eliminate the need for expensive resources and machining. The recent expiration of key 3D printing patents has led to many advances in the field and has dramatically lowered the prices of 3D printers, making them accessible to the average individual. The one area where additive manufacturing is still in its infancy is in cer...

  20. Entropies of the automata networks with additive rule

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Guo-qingGU; GeCHEN; 等

    1996-01-01

    The matrix presentation for automata networks with additive rule are described.A set of entropy theorems of additive automata network are proved and an analytic formula of its entropy is built.For example,we proved that the topological entropy is identically equal to metric entropy for an additive antomata network.

  1. 48 CFR 352.216-70 - Additional cost principles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional cost principles... Additional cost principles. As prescribed in 316.307(j), the Contracting Officer shall insert the following clause: Additional Cost Principles (January 2006) (a) Bid and proposal (B & P) costs. (1) B & P costs are...

  2. Low-Level {beta} and {gamma} Counting in the Region 0-10 Disintegrations Per Minute; Comptage {beta} et {gamma} d'echantillons de faible activite (0 a 10 desintegrations par minute); Izmerenie {beta}- i {gamma}-izlucheniya maloj moshchnosti (0-10 raspadov v minutu); Recuento {beta} y {gamma} de muestras de baja actividad (0 a 10 desintegraciones por minuto)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manov, George G [Tracerlab Inc. (United States)

    1960-06-15

    Measurements of levels of radioactivity in the region of 0-1.0 disintegrations per minute are becoming increasingly useful in the standardization of radionuclides as well as in other branches of science such as geology and medicine. For example, there is frequent need for low-level counting in the field of biological and tracer applications, particularly, in those cases in which the use of a higher level of radiation would alter the course of the mechanism or process under study. Frequently such measurements must be made under conditions in which the sample possesses an activity of only 1% of the normal, unshielded background radiation. At other times, an additional requirement is imposed because the radionuclide may have a very short half-life. There are three general ways in which the reliability of low-level measurements can be increased: more efficient counters, smaller background corrections and more stable, noise-free electronic systems. In this paper, comparative tests are described of the relative merits of hree different types of guard (anti-coincidence) counters in reducing the background. Measurements were made of: (a) umbrella, (b) annular, and (c) scintillating plastic igloo. The increasing difficulty of obtaining activity-free materials for construction of counters is a matter of some concern. Data are presented for the range of activities of materials available commercially. Stockpiling of such materials, preferably of pre-War II origin is rapidly becoming a necessity. The stability of the electronic system is a prime requisite for low level counting, particularly to avoid the counting of spurious pulses. A system is described in which a slow, measured rate of pulses is fed into the electronics, passed through the amplifier and deducted from the gross output of the register. In general, transistorized circuitry including pre-amplifiers and power supplies are more satisfactory than conventional vacuum tube devices. (author) [French] La mesure des

  3. 20 CFR 655.154 - Additional positive recruitment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Additional positive recruitment. 655.154... recruitment. (a) Where to conduct additional positive recruitment. The employer must conduct positive recruitment within a multistate region of traditional or expected labor supply where the CO finds that there...

  4. Recommendations for Enhancing Implementation of Additional Protocol Declarations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Niina, Toshiaki; Nidaira, Kazuo; Aono, Yosuke

    2010-01-01

    Japan signed the Additional Protocol (hereafter, AP) in December 1998. The domestic law and regulation had been revised to implement the initial and annual declarations for the Agency and the Additional Protocol came into force in December 1999. Since initial declaration in 2000, Japan has submitted the annual declaration in every May. Until 2010, Japan has made 10 annual declarations. This paper gives recommendations to enhance implementation of Additional Protocol declarations based on 10-year experience in Japan and addresses the following: Current status of additional protocol declaration in Japan; Outline of processing method; AP Information Management System; Recommendations for improving quality of declaration. Preparation of additional protocol declaration in NMCC has been conducted in the course of contract with Japan Safeguards Office (hereafter, JSGO) for safeguards information treatment. (author)

  5. Effusion plate using additive manufacturing methods

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johnson, Thomas Edward; Keener, Christopher Paul; Ostebee, Heath Michael; Wegerif, Daniel Gerritt

    2016-04-12

    Additive manufacturing techniques may be utilized to construct effusion plates. Such additive manufacturing techniques may include defining a configuration for an effusion plate having one or more internal cooling channels. The manufacturing techniques may further include depositing a powder into a chamber, applying an energy source to the deposited powder, and consolidating the powder into a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the defined configuration. Such methods may be implemented to construct an effusion plate having one or more channels with a curved cross-sectional geometry.

  6. 40 CFR 51.117 - Additional provisions for lead.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Additional provisions for lead. 51.117... Additional provisions for lead. In addition to other requirements in §§ 51.100 through 51.116 the following requirements apply to lead. To the extent they conflict, there requirements are controlling over those of the...

  7. Additives for cement compositions based on modified peat

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kopanitsa, Natalya, E-mail: kopanitsa@mail.ru; Sarkisov, Yurij, E-mail: sarkisov@tsuab.ru; Gorshkova, Aleksandra, E-mail: kasatkina.alexandra@gmail.com; Demyanenko, Olga, E-mail: angel-n@sibmail.com [Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, 2, Solyanaya sq., Tomsk, 634003 (Russian Federation)

    2016-01-15

    High quality competitive dry building mixes require modifying additives for various purposes to be included in their composition. There is insufficient amount of quality additives having stable properties for controlling the properties of cement compositions produced in Russia. Using of foreign modifying additives leads to significant increasing of the final cost of the product. The cost of imported modifiers in the composition of the dry building mixes can be up to 90% of the material cost, depending on the composition complexity. Thus, the problem of import substitution becomes relevant, especially in recent years, due to difficult economic situation. The article discusses the possibility of using local raw materials as a basis for obtaining dry building mixtures components. The properties of organo-mineral additives for cement compositions based on thermally modified peat raw materials are studied. Studies of the structure and composition of the additives are carried out by physicochemical research methods: electron microscopy and X-ray analysis. Results of experimental research showed that the peat additives contribute to improving of cement-sand mortar strength and hydrophysical properties.

  8. (ICSID) ADDITIONAL FACILITY IN INTERNA

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Fr. Ikenga

    ... which is adopted by Article 5 of the Additional Facility Rules to guide the ... B, Barrister at Law, e-mail: kcezeibe@yahoo.com; Phone 08033950631 and .... revision and annulment which are internally available under the Washington ...

  9. 77 FR 41899 - Indirect Food Additives: Polymers

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-07-17

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Part 177 [Docket No. FDA-2012-F-0031] Indirect Food Additives: Polymers AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION... CFR part 177 is amended as follows: PART 177--INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS 0 1. The authority...

  10. Enantioselective conjugate radical addition to alpha'-hydroxy enones.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Sunggi; Lim, Chae Jo; Kim, Sunggak; Subramaniam, Rajesh; Zimmerman, Jake; Sibi, Mukund P

    2006-09-14

    Enantioselective conjugate radical addition to alpha'-hydroxy alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, compounds containing bidentate donors, has been investigated. It has been found that radical additions to alpha'-hydroxy alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones in the presence of Mg(NTf2)2 and bisoxazoline ligand 5a proceeded cleanly, yielding the addition products in high chemical yields and good enantiomeric excesses.

  11. Advances in High Temperature Materials for Additive Manufacturing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nordin, Nurul Amira Binti; Johar, Muhammad Akmal Bin; Ibrahim, Mohd Halim Irwan Bin; Marwah, Omar Mohd Faizan bin

    2017-08-01

    In today’s technology, additive manufacturing has evolved over the year that commonly known as 3D printing. Currently, additive manufacturing have been applied for many industries such as for automotive, aerospace, medical and other commercial product. The technologies are supported by materials for the manufacturing process to produce high quality product. Plus, additive manufacturing technologies has been growth from the lowest to moderate and high technology to fulfil manufacturing industries obligation. Initially from simple 3D printing such as fused deposition modelling (FDM), poly-jet, inkjet printing, to selective laser sintering (SLS), and electron beam melting (EBM). However, the high technology of additive manufacturing nowadays really needs high investment to carry out the process for fine products. There are three foremost type of material which is polymer, metal and ceramic used for additive manufacturing application, and mostly they were in the form of wire feedstock or powder. In circumstance, it is crucial to recognize the characteristics of each type of materials used in order to understand the behaviours of the materials on high temperature application via additive manufacturing. Therefore, this review aims to provide excessive inquiry and gather the necessary information for further research on additive material materials for high temperature application. This paper also proposed a new material based on powder glass, which comes from recycled tempered glass from automotive industry, having a huge potential to be applied for high temperature application. The technique proposed for additive manufacturing will minimize some cost of modelling with same quality of products compare to the others advanced technology used for high temperature application.

  12. Note de synthèse sur la sélection de niche spatiale et la compétition chez le jeune saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar et la truite commune (Salmo trutta en milieu lotique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HEGGENES J.

    1995-04-01

    Full Text Available La sélection de l'habitat analysée à partir d'un ensemble de données récoltées sur des cours d'eau hétérogènes du point de vue spatio-temporel doit être interprétée en fonction du site et de l'échelle d'étude. La microniche spatiale fondamentale du juvénile de saumon Atlantique et de truite commune est caractérisée en été par une forte préférence pour une faible valeur de la vitesse de courant focale en raison d'une stratégie de gain énergétique basée essentiellement sur une prise alimentaire de la faune dérivante qui permet de maximiser les comportements de prise de position et d'attente du poisson. Cette microniche est également dépendante de la taille : chez le saumon, les plus gros parrs sont tolérants ; par contre chez la truite, une préférence accrue pour les habitats profonds est observée lorsqu'elles grossissent. La niche effective de la truite est relativement plus structurée par des valeurs élevées de la profondeur d'eau et des valeurs faibles de vitesse de courant lorsqu'elle est comparée à celle du saumon caractérisée par de faibles hauteurs d'eau et par des vitesses de courant élevées. Ces différences proviennent d'une plus grande tolérance du saumon pour les fortes vitesses de courant, combinée à un déplacement de la niche de cette espèce par suite d'une compétition avec la truite qui est plus agressive. Cette compétition interactive et interspécifique aboutit à une réduction de la niche spatiale effective chez le Saumon lorsque les paramètres vitesse de courant et profondeur d'eau sont pris en compte simultanément, et pas chez la truite.

  13. Efficacité d'un exutoire de dévalaison et d'une barrière acoustique pour les smolts de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. à l'aménagement hydroélectrique de St. Cricq sur le gave d'Ossau.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    TRAVADE F.

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available Une expérimentation a été conduite en 1996 au niveau de l'aménagement hydroélectrique de St. Cricq (gave d'Ossau dans le but de tester deux dispositifs de dévalaison destinés à éviter le passage dans les turbines des smolts de saumon atlantique (Salmo sala L.. Le premier, localisé au barrage, consiste en une barrière acoustique répulsive destinée à détourner les smolts vers un clapet de décharge. Le champ sonore, généré par 16 émetteurs immergés, est dans la gamme de fréquence 100-600 Hz avec un niveau sonore maximal de 120-130 dB. Le deuxième dispositif, localisé à l'usine, consiste en un exutoire de surface situé en rive, à proximité immédiate de la grille de prise d'eau. L'efficacité des deux dispositifs a été évaluée par marquage-recapture et le comportement des smolts a été suivi par radiotélémétrie. Les passages de smolts par le clapet du barrage varient de 20 % à 60 % ; cette efficacité résulte essentiellement du débit élevé transitant par le clapet. Les tests effectués avec et sans barrière acoustique n'ont mis en évidence aucun effet significatif du champ sonore. L'efficacité de l'exutoire du bassin de mise en charge est d'environ 80 %. La faible largeur de la prise d'eau (11 m, le faible espacement des barreaux de la grille de prise d'eau (2,5 cm, les conditions hydrauliques devant la grille qui guident rapidement les poissons vers l'entrée de l'exutoire, et la configuration de l'entrée de l'exutoire qui crée un écoulement à faible gradient de vitesse peuvent expliquer l'efficacité élevée de ce dispositif.

  14. INFLUENCE OF NATURAL ADDITIVES ON PROTEIN COMPLEX OF BREAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dana Urminská

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available The study focuses on researching the influence of natural additives on certain technological characteristics of mixtures used for bread production, more particularly the influence of N substances in used raw material on selected qualitative parameters of bread. The blends for bread production to be analysed were prepared by mixing wheat flour with an addition of oat, buckwheat, lentil and chickpea wholegrain flour in different portions (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 %. The experiment showed that the addition of natural additives worsened the protein complex of the blends used in bread production (worsening also qualitative parameters known as product volume. The loaves prepared with an addition of buckwheat, oat, lentil and chickpea were evaluated to be of a lesser quality from a technological viewpoint when compared with pure wheat loaves. The lower content of gluten forming proteins and the generally changed protein composition of blends due to additives caused a lower percentage of wet gluten content, its lower extensibility and swelling capacity. The sedimentation value (Zeleny index decreased proportionally with the increase of addition until the level was unsatisfactory for raw material intended for bakery purposes. The N content in experimental loaves was higher than in the reference loaves and it increased according to the selected additive and its portion in the blend (more with the addition of lentil and chickpea, less in case of buckwheat and oat which is considered as positive from a nutritional point of view. But from the technological point of view the additives did not show any positive influence and caused a lower loaf bread volume. The most significant decrease of the loaf bread volume was found with the addition of 50 % of buckwheat (- 45.6 %. Better results were obtained with a lower portion of the additive: loaf with an addition of 30 % of chickpea (volume decreased by 12.8 % > loaf with an addition of 30 % of lentil (volume

  15. Graphite and Hybrid Nanomaterials as Lubricant Additives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhenyu J. Zhang

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Lubricant additives, based on inorganic nanoparticles coated with organic outer layer, can reduce wear and increase load-carrying capacity of base oil remarkably, indicating the great potential of hybrid nanoparticles as anti-wear and extreme-pressure additives with excellent levels of performance. The organic part in the hybrid materials improves their flexibility and stability, while the inorganic part is responsible for hardness. The relationship between the design parameters of the organic coatings, such as molecular architecture and the lubrication performance, however, remains to be fully elucidated. A survey of current understanding of hybrid nanoparticles as lubricant additives is presented in this review.

  16. Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Klus H

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Tobacco additives play an important role in the manufacturing and for the quality of tobacco products, particularly cigarettes and roll-your-own tobaccos. Attention is increasingly given to the potential effects of additives on consumer behavior and health. This review is intended to compile, collate and - to some degree - evaluate the wealth of pertinent scientific information available from the published literature and other special sources. At first, the reasons are set forth for the use of additives in cigarette manufacturing. In response to the growing controversy over the attractiveness and addictiveness of smoking, the clarification of terms and concepts is followed by a detailed discussion of two kinds of substances with particular relevance: Additives like ammonium compounds that are claimed to increase nicotine availability, and additives that are claimed to increase nicotine addictiveness.

  17. The structure of additive conservation laws

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Helmut Reen

    1979-01-01

    All additive conserved quantities are listed for a system with short range central force interaction between the particles: a special case shows up in Boltzmann H-theorem and his derivation of the Maxwell velocity distribution. It is concluded that in classical mechanics of mass points there are no other additive conservation laws besides of energy, momentum, angular momentum and center of mass motion. A generator is considered of a symmetry transformation defined as integral over a conserved local current density where the latter, in general, needs not be covariant under translations

  18. Composite Gypsum Binders with Silica-containing Additives

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chernysheva, N. V.; Lesovik, V. S.; Drebezgova, M. Yu; Shatalova, S. V.; Alaskhanov, A. H.

    2018-03-01

    New types of fine mineral additives are proposed for designing water-resistant Composite Gypsum Binders (CGB); these additives significantly differ from traditional quartz feed: wastes from wet magnetic separation of Banded Iron Formation (BIF WMS waste), nanodispersed silica powder (NSP), chalk. Possibility of their combined use has been studied as well.

  19. 29 CFR 1602.19 - Additional reporting requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ....19 Additional reporting requirements. The Commission reserves the right to require reports, other... necessary to accomplish the purpose of title VII, the ADA, or GINA. Any system for the requirement of such... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Additional reporting requirements. 1602.19 Section 1602.19...

  20. 29 CFR 1602.11 - Additional reporting requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Additional reporting requirements. The Commission reserves the right to require reports, other than that... accomplish the purposes of title VII, the ADA, or GINA. Any system for the requirement of such reports will... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Additional reporting requirements. 1602.11 Section 1602.11...

  1. 29 CFR 1602.26 - Additional reporting requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Report § 1602.26 Additional reporting requirements. The Commission reserves the right to require reports... to accomplish the purposes of title VII, the ADA, or GINA. Any system for requirement of such reports... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Additional reporting requirements. 1602.26 Section 1602.26...

  2. Prevalence of phosphorus containing food additives in grocery stores

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janeen B. Leon

    2012-06-01

    In conclusion, phosphorus additives are commonly present in groceries and contribute significantly to the phosphorus content of foods. Moreover, phosphorus additive foods are less costly than additive-free foods. As a result, phosphorus additives may be an important contributor to hyperphosphatemia among persons with chronic kidney disease

  3. Additive Manufacturing of Metastable Beta Titanium Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yannetta, Christopher J.

    Additive manufacturing processes of many alloys are known to develop texture during the deposition process due to the rapid reheating and the directionality of the dissipation of heat. Titanium alloys and with respect to this study beta titanium alloys are especially susceptible to these effects. This work examines Ti-20wt%V and Ti-12wt%Mo deposited under normal additive manufacturing process parameters to examine the texture of these beta-stabilized alloys. Both microstructures contained columnar prior beta grains 1-2 mm in length beginning at the substrate with no visible equiaxed grains. This microstructure remained constant in the vanadium system throughout the build. The microstructure of the alloy containing molybdenum changed from a columnar to an equiaxed structure as the build height increased. Eighteen additional samples of the Ti-Mo system were created under different processing parameters to identify what role laser power and travel speed have on the microstructure. There appears to be a correlation in alpha lath size and power density. The two binary alloys were again deposited under the same conditions with the addition of 0.5wt% boron to investigate the effects an insoluble interstitial alloying element would have on the microstructure. The size of the prior beta grains in these two alloys were reduced with the addition of boron by approximately 50 (V) and 100 (Mo) times.

  4. 21 CFR 170.18 - Tolerances for related food additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Tolerances for related food additives. 170.18... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) FOOD ADDITIVES General Provisions § 170.18 Tolerances for related food additives. (a) Food additives that cause similar or related pharmacological effects will be...

  5. 21 CFR 81.1 - Provisional lists of color additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS AND GENERAL RESTRICTIONS FOR PROVISIONAL COLOR ADDITIVES FOR USE IN FOODS, DRUGS... not to be construed as a listing for surgical suture use unless color additive petitions have been... the color additive for such use. The color additives listed in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this...

  6. Modification of the sulphur resistance of platinum by addition of metals for aromatics hydrogenation; Modification de la thioresistance du platine par ajouts d'elements metalliques pour l'hydrogenation d'aromatiques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guillon, E.

    1999-09-15

    The aim of this study is based on the understanding of sulphur resistance of platinum catalytic systems. In this work, bimetallic systems (Pt-Ge, Pt-Au and Pt-Pd) supported on {gamma}-alumina have been studied. Preparation methods have been chosen to give the best control of the physicochemical properties of final system. Electronic and geometrical properties of the metallic phase were characterised by various techniques (TPR, infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO (IR(CO)), EXAFS, LEIS). Ortho-xylene hydrogenation in presence of 100 ppm of sulphur was used as model catalytic test in order to study the sulphur resistance of the catalysts. It has been shown that germanium and palladium act as electro-acceptors toward platinum. The ranking of catalytic activity in presence of sulphur is as followed: Pt-Pd > Pt-Au {approx_equal} Pt >> Pt-Ge {approx_equal} 0. The best sulphur resistance for Pt-Pd was obtained for the composition Pt{sub 20}Pd{sub 80} (Pd/Pt=4). An eggshell PdS structure with Pt (sulfur free) core is proposed. These works show that the sulphur resistance of platinum is not only linked with its electronic properties. They allow us to propose an original concept of sulphur resistant catalyst taking into account each catalytic parameters such as chemical bonding of S and aromatic compounds on the metallic site, physico-chemical characteristics of the bimetallic aggregates (particle size, structure, surface composition) and electronic modification of surface atoms in bimetallic catalysts. (author)

  7. Maladie de Rendu-Osler: un diagnostic à ne pas méconnaitre ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Homme, âgé de 78 ans, ayant des antécédents familiaux d'épistaxis chronique non explorée, avait depuis l'âge de 45 ans des épisodes d'épistaxis récidivante, bilatérale, spontanée et de faible abondance isolée. L'examen physique a objectivé des lésions cutanéo-muqueuses à type de télangiectasies au niveau des ...

  8. Résultats de recherche | Page 35 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'éclosion du virus Zika montre qu'il faut pouvoir élaborer, analyser et diffuser rapidement et à faible coût des diagnostics à l'intention des régions exposées à cette menace pandémique. Projet. Évaluation de la dynamique de la transmission du Zika et des stratégies d'atténuation. Depuis qu'il a été détecté au Brésil en mai ...

  9. Gestion des forêts et des ressources hydriques pour l'atténuation ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Les collines de la région népalaise de l'Himalaya abritent une partie importante de la population du pays. Or, il s'agit d'une région particulièrement vulnérable aux répercussions des changements climatiques. Les faibles précipitations et les températures élevées qui ont marqué l'hiver 2008-2009 ont été à l'origine de la ...

  10. Systèmes de santé équitables : à qui revient la facture ? | IDRC ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    24 oct. 2012 ... Les pays à faible revenu, de leur côté, s'efforcent d'offrir à leurs citoyens ce qui est déjà monnaie courante ailleurs : un accès à des services de santé ... à revenu intermédiaire s'appuient sur des sources variées : régimes d'assurance publics et privés, impôts et taxes directs et indirects, frais imposés aux ...

  11. 2698-IJBCS-Article-Gouzilé Assikohon Pulcherie

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    potentielles à risque à l'ulcère de Buruli révèle que le sud de la région présente un risque élevé de la transmission .... évaluer les risques sanitaires en association ..... végétation est moins dense, avec une faible présence de lac et de bas-fond et les cultures dans cette région sont caractérisées par des cultures industrielles.

  12. Phenomene de deperdition scolaire feminine: analyse et ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    De façon précise, elle a montré que le travail des enfants (33,3 %) et le faible revenu des parents d'élèves (34,9 %), les échecs répétés, l'ignorance des enjeux de l'école (41,2 %) et l'enlèvement des filles pour le mariage forcé (23,6 %) sont les principaux facteurs économiques et les raisons culturelles explicatifs du ...

  13. Effet de la fréquence de traite sur la production laitière de la vache ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    L'amélioration de la productivité laitière par le métissage a eu des résultats limités dans les pays à faible rendement car les métisses résistent peu aux dures conditions climatiques. Des alternatives ont été envisagées sur la vache Zébu la mieux adaptée aux conditions du Sahel. L'objectif de cette étude était de tester.

  14. Comprendre l'accès aux outils numériques et leur utilisation dans ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    L'accès à Internet est devenu une priorité pour les pays en développement. Selon une étude de la Banque mondiale publiée en 2009, un accroissement de 10 % de la pénétration de la large bande engendre une augmentation de 1,4 % du produit intérieur brut dans les pays à faible revenu. De récentes études révèlent ...

  15. Évaluation du potentiel de germination de Moringa oleifera dans la ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    28 févr. 2014 ... graines. Au regard des résultats des travaux de. Quashie et al., (2009) in vitro ou en serre, la présence de la lumière raccourcit le temps de germination tout en réduisant de 10 à 20%, les taux cumulés de germination. Ces résultats expliqueraient le faible taux de germination ainsi que la durée du délai de ...

  16. 7 CFR 2902.13 - Diesel fuel additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... Items § 2902.13 Diesel fuel additives. (a) Definition. (1) Any substance, other than one composed solely of carbon and/or hydrogen, that is intentionally added to diesel fuel (including any added to a motor... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Diesel fuel additives. 2902.13 Section 2902.13...

  17. Additively manufactured porous tantalum implants

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wauthle, Ruben; Van Der Stok, Johan; Yavari, Saber Amin; Van Humbeeck, Jan; Kruth, Jean Pierre; Zadpoor, Amir Abbas; Weinans, Harrie; Mulier, Michiel; Schrooten, Jan

    2015-01-01

    The medical device industry's interest in open porous, metallic biomaterials has increased in response to additive manufacturing techniques enabling the production of complex shapes that cannot be produced with conventional techniques. Tantalum is an important metal for medical devices because of

  18. 21 CFR 170.10 - Food additives in standardized foods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Food additives in standardized foods. 170.10... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) FOOD ADDITIVES General Provisions § 170.10 Food additives... the Act, which proposes the inclusion of a food additive in such definition and standard of identity...

  19. La recherche de l'antigene D faible au Togo: etat des lieux | Kolou ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Matériel et méthodes: Nous avons analysé à travers une étude transversale la recherche du RH:W1 par la méthode sérologique dans trois laboratoires publics : le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus, l'Institut National d'Hygiène et le Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine. Parmi les 6737 groupages sanguins ...

  20. Additive Manufacturing: Unlocking the Evolution of Energy Materials.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhakeyev, Adilet; Wang, Panfeng; Zhang, Li; Shu, Wenmiao; Wang, Huizhi; Xuan, Jin

    2017-10-01

    The global energy infrastructure is undergoing a drastic transformation towards renewable energy, posing huge challenges on the energy materials research, development and manufacturing. Additive manufacturing has shown its promise to change the way how future energy system can be designed and delivered. It offers capability in manufacturing complex 3D structures, with near-complete design freedom and high sustainability due to minimal use of materials and toxic chemicals. Recent literatures have reported that additive manufacturing could unlock the evolution of energy materials and chemistries with unprecedented performance in the way that could never be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques. This comprehensive review will fill the gap in communicating on recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing for energy material and device applications. It will underpin the discoveries on what 3D functional energy structures can be created without design constraints, which bespoke energy materials could be additively manufactured with customised solutions, and how the additively manufactured devices could be integrated into energy systems. This review will also highlight emerging and important applications in energy additive manufacturing, including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen, solar cell as well as carbon capture and storage.

  1. Laser Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Materials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mikler, C. V.; Chaudhary, V.; Borkar, T.; Soni, V.; Jaeger, D.; Chen, X.; Contieri, R.; Ramanujan, R. V.; Banerjee, R.

    2017-03-01

    While laser additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important in the context of next-generation manufacturing technologies, most current research efforts focus on optimizing process parameters for the processing of mature alloys for structural applications (primarily stainless steels, titanium base, and nickel base alloys) from pre-alloyed powder feedstocks to achieve properties superior to conventionally processed counterparts. However, laser additive manufacturing or processing can also be applied to functional materials. This article focuses on the use of directed energy deposition-based additive manufacturing technologies, such as the laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) process, to deposit magnetic alloys. Three case studies are presented: Fe-30 at.%Ni, permalloys of the type Ni-Fe-V and Ni-Fe-Mo, and Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb (derived from Finemet) alloys. All these alloys have been processed from a blend of elemental powders used as the feedstock, and their resultant microstructures, phase formation, and magnetic properties are discussed in this paper. Although these alloys were produced from a blend of elemental powders, they exhibited relatively uniform microstructures and comparable magnetic properties to those of their conventionally processed counterparts.

  2. Culture and neuroscience: additive or synergistic?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dapretto, Mirella; Iacoboni, Marco

    2010-01-01

    The investigation of cultural phenomena using neuroscientific methods—cultural neuroscience (CN)—is receiving increasing attention. Yet it is unclear whether the integration of cultural study and neuroscience is merely additive, providing additional evidence of neural plasticity in the human brain, or truly synergistic, yielding discoveries that neither discipline could have achieved alone. We discuss how the parent fields to CN: cross-cultural psychology, psychological anthropology and cognitive neuroscience inform the investigation of the role of cultural experience in shaping the brain. Drawing on well-established methodologies from cross-cultural psychology and cognitive neuroscience, we outline a set of guidelines for CN, evaluate 17 CN studies in terms of these guidelines, and provide a summary table of our results. We conclude that the combination of culture and neuroscience is both additive and synergistic; while some CN methodologies and findings will represent the direct union of information from parent fields, CN studies employing the methodological rigor required by this logistically challenging new field have the potential to transform existing methodologies and produce unique findings. PMID:20083533

  3. 21 CFR 170.38 - Determination of food additive status.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Determination of food additive status. 170.38... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) FOOD ADDITIVES Food Additive Safety § 170.38 Determination of food additive status. (a) The Commissioner may, in accordance with § 170.35(b)(4) or (c)(5...

  4. Bacteria-eating virus approved as food additive.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bren, Linda

    2007-01-01

    Not all viruses harm people. The Food and Drug Administration has approved a mixture of viruses as a food additive to protect people. The additive can be used in processing plants for spraying onto ready-to-eat meat and poultry products to protect consumers from the potentially life-threatening bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes).

  5. An implementation framework for additive manufacturing in supply chains

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raed Handal

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Additive manufacturing has become one of the most important technologies in the manufacturing field. Full implementation of additive manufacturing will change many well-known management practices in the production sector. However, theoretical development in the field of additive manufacturing with regard to its impact on supply chain management is rare. While additive manufacturing is believed to revolutionize and enhance traditional manufacturing, there is no comprehensive toolset developed in the manufacturing field to assess the impact of additive manufacturing and determine the best production method that suits the applied supply chain strategy. A significant portion of the existing supply chain methods and frameworks were adopted in this study to examine the implementation of additive manufacturing in supply chain management. The aim of this study is to develop a framework to explain when additive manufacturing impacts supply chain management efficiently.

  6. Power transformer additional load losses separation procedure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kostić Miloje M.

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The proposed procedure is based on the fact that total transformer losses (PLL1,n, determined by short circuit test, can be separated into two components: the eddy current losses in the windings (PEC1,n and stray flux losses (PSL1,n in iron parts of construction as well as in the transformer tank walls. The total additional load losses, PLLd1 and PLLdh, are determined by short circuit test results, conducted at rated frequency (f1 and at increased harmonic frequency (fh=h*f1. Using so obtained total additional load losses, PLLd1 and PLLdh, which can be expressed in the form PLLdh=PEC1,n*h2 + PSL1,n*h, the corresponding rate additional load losses values PEC1,n and PSL1,n are derived. At the end, for given load with predefined high harmonics content, (Ih/I1n, relative to rated current, the total additional load losses value ΣPLLdh > PLLd1, is found. In such a way all harmonics up to hmax are taken into account.

  7. Between and beyond additivity and non-additivity : the statistical modelling of genotype by environment interaction in plant breeding

    OpenAIRE

    Eeuwijk, van, F.A.

    1996-01-01

    In plant breeding it is a common observation to see genotypes react differently to environmental changes. This phenomenon is called genotype by environment interaction. Many statistical approaches for analysing genotype by environment interaction rely heavily on the analysis of variance model. Genotype by environment interaction is then taken to be equivalent to non-additivity. This thesis criticizes the analysis of variance approach. Modelling genotype by environment interaction by non-addit...

  8. 21 CFR 570.38 - Determination of food additive status.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of food additive status. 570.38... (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS FOOD ADDITIVES Food Additive Safety § 570.38 Determination of food additive status. (a) The Commissioner may, in accordance with § 570.35 (b)(4) or (c)(5...

  9. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Eightieth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-01-01

    This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and contaminants and to prepare specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a brief description of general considerations addressed at the meeting, including updates on matters of interest to the work of the Committee. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and/or dietary exposure data for seven food additives (benzoates; lipase from Fusarium heterosporum expressed in Ogataea polymorpha; magnesium stearate; maltotetraohydrolase from Pseudomonas stutzeri expressed in Bacillus licheniformis; mixed β-glucanase, cellulase and xylanase from Rasamsonia emersonii; mixed β-glucanase and xylanase from Disporotrichum dimorphosporum; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)- polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer) and two groups of contaminants (non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and pyrrolizidine alkaloids). Specifications for the following food additives were revised or withdrawn: advantame; annatto extracts (solavnt extracted bixin, ad solvent-extracted norbixin); food additives containing aluminium and/or silicon (aluminium silicate; calcium aluminium silicate; calcium silicate; silicon dioxide, amorphous; sodium aluminium silicate); and glycerol ester of gum rosin. Annexed to the report are tables or text summarizing the toxicological and dietary exposure information and information on specifications as well as the Committees recommendations on the food additives and contaminants considered at this meeting.

  10. Additive theory of prime numbers

    CERN Document Server

    Hua, L K

    2009-01-01

    Loo-Keng Hua was a master mathematician, best known for his work using analytic methods in number theory. In particular, Hua is remembered for his contributions to Waring's Problem and his estimates of trigonometric sums. Additive Theory of Prime Numbers is an exposition of the classic methods as well as Hua's own techniques, many of which have now also become classic. An essential starting point is Vinogradov's mean-value theorem for trigonometric sums, which Hua usefully rephrases and improves. Hua states a generalized version of the Waring-Goldbach problem and gives asymptotic formulas for the number of solutions in Waring's Problem when the monomial x^k is replaced by an arbitrary polynomial of degree k. The book is an excellent entry point for readers interested in additive number theory. It will also be of value to those interested in the development of the now classic methods of the subject.

  11. Photogrammetry for Repositioning in Additive Manufacturing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Janus Nørtoft; Lyngby, Rasmus Ahrenkiel; Aanæs, Henrik

    2017-01-01

    In this preliminary work, we present our current status on how to use single camera photogrammetry to determine the orientation of an additively manufactured partly finished object that has been repositioned in the printing chamber, from a single image taken with a calibrated camera, and comparing...... this to the CAD model of the object. We describe how this knowledge can be used to update the machine code of the printer such that printing of the object can be resumed in the new location. This opens possibilities for embedding and assembling foreign parts into the additive manufacturing pipeline, adding...

  12. Additives in crude oil. A new attempt to prevent boilover; Additive im Rohoel. Ein neuer Ansatz zur Vermeidung eines Boilover

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gosewinkel, Martin; Dworschak, Rene [INBUREX Consulting GmbH, Hamm (Germany)

    2011-03-15

    Boilover of tanks is a rare cause of serious fires in crude oil storage. The greatest danger is the spill of burning material from the tank. In the research project presented here, a method to prevent boilover and/or reduce its effects was to be developed. One approach is the addition of additives that modify the hetero-azeotropic boiling characteristics of crude oil components in case of fire. Even minimum concentrations of the additive will delay the time until boilover and also reduce its intensity.

  13. Experiments on light water lattices with enriched uranium fuel; Analyse des donnees experimentales sur les reseaux a eau legere et uranium enrichi

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Audinet, M [Societe des Forges et Ateliers du Creusot, 75 - Paris (France); Lamare, J de [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Panossian, J [Societe Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques (France)

    1958-07-01

    Experiments a light water lattices with slightly enriched uranium fuel, have been performed at Brookhaven and Bettis Plant Laboratories. The results are studied and compared with simple theories on reactor calculations. By taking into account shadow effects and non Maxwellian neutron spectrum, which are important in this kind of reactors, we have been able to explain the observed results fairly well. We can thus give a constituent set of formulas with which to calculate lattices similar to there we studied. (author) [French] Les resultats d'experiences effectuees aux Laboratoires de Brookbaven et de Bettis Plant, sur des reseaux heterogenes a eau legere et uranium metallique legerement enrichi, sont analyses et confrontes avec les theories simples du calcul de pile. En tenant compte des effets d'interaction et d'echauffement du spectre de neutrons qui sont importants dans ce type de reacteurs, on parvient a rendre compte convenablement des resultats observes. On a ainsi mis au point un formulaire permettant le calcul des reseaux quivpeuvent etre consideres comme assez semblables aux reseaux etudies. (auteur)

  14. Study of the coefficient of separation for some processes which are applied to lithium isotopes; Etude du coefficient de separation de quelques processus concernant les isotopes du lithium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perret, L; Rozand, L; Saito, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The fundamental separation factors of some processes are investigated: the distillation of metallic lithium, counter current electromigration in fused salts (particularly in lithium nitrate) electrolysis in aqueous solution and ion exchange. The chemical transfer between a lithium amalgam and lithium salts in a dimethylformamide solution (a solvent which is not attacked by the amalgam) is also studied. Finally a description is given of isotopic analyses carried out either by scintillation counting or by mass spectrography using apparatus specially designed for this particular task. (author) [French] Les facteurs de separation elementaires de quelques processus connus sont etudies: distillation du lithium metallique, electromigration a contre-courant en sels fondus (en particulier le nitrate), electrolyse en solution aqueuse et echange d'ions. L'echange chimique entre l'amalgame de lithium et les sels de lithium en solution dans la dimethylformamide - solvant non attaque par l'amalgame - est egalement etudie. Enfin, on decrit les methodes d 'analyse isotopique, soit par comptage par scintillation, soit par spectrometrie de masse au moyen d'un appareil specialement concu pour cet usage particulier. (auteur)

  15. Study of the coefficient of separation for some processes which are applied to lithium isotopes; Etude du coefficient de separation de quelques processus concernant les isotopes du lithium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perret, L.; Rozand, L.; Saito, E. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    The fundamental separation factors of some processes are investigated: the distillation of metallic lithium, counter current electromigration in fused salts (particularly in lithium nitrate) electrolysis in aqueous solution and ion exchange. The chemical transfer between a lithium amalgam and lithium salts in a dimethylformamide solution (a solvent which is not attacked by the amalgam) is also studied. Finally a description is given of isotopic analyses carried out either by scintillation counting or by mass spectrography using apparatus specially designed for this particular task. (author) [French] Les facteurs de separation elementaires de quelques processus connus sont etudies: distillation du lithium metallique, electromigration a contre-courant en sels fondus (en particulier le nitrate), electrolyse en solution aqueuse et echange d'ions. L'echange chimique entre l'amalgame de lithium et les sels de lithium en solution dans la dimethylformamide - solvant non attaque par l'amalgame - est egalement etudie. Enfin, on decrit les methodes d 'analyse isotopique, soit par comptage par scintillation, soit par spectrometrie de masse au moyen d'un appareil specialement concu pour cet usage particulier. (auteur)

  16. The behaviour of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate friction modifier additives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Graham, Jocelyn Claire Herries

    2001-01-01

    In recent years there has been growing concern to produce energy-efficient lubricated components and modem engine oil specifications require lubricants to demonstrate fuel efficiency in standardised engine tests. One important method of producing low friction and thus fuel-efficient lubricants is to use oil-soluble, molybdenum-containing, friction modifier additives. In optimal conditions these additives are able to produce very low friction coefficients, in the range 0.045 to 0.075 in boundary lubrication conditions. Very little is known about the chemical and physical mechanisms by which oil soluble molybdenum additives form low friction films in tribological contacts. Information about their activity could lead to optimal use of these additives in lubricants and, therefore, more efficient engine running. The work outlined in this thesis investigated the behaviour of oil-soluble molybdenum additives and showed that these additives were able to effectively reduce friction in the absence of other additives such as ZnDTP. Their activity was shown to be highly concentration and temperature dependent and was also found to be sensitive to the roughness of the contacting surfaces. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyse the chemical nature of molybdenum-containing reaction films and found that friction reduction indubitably arises from the local formation of platelets (diameter 30-50 nm) of MoS 2 . The formation of MoS 2 -rich films was found to occur only during direct asperity-asperity rubbing of the contacting surfaces (this type of contact being especially prevalent in pure sliding contacts). At elevated temperatures and in the presence of oxidising gases the consumption of MoDTC was monitored. MoDTC concentration dropped until the total value fell below a critical level to reduce friction. The study showed that decay rate of molybdenum-containing species was reduced by the addition of peroxide-decomposing antioxidants. (author)

  17. Fluxional additives: a second generation control in enantioselective catalysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sibi, Mukund P; Manyem, Shankar; Palencia, Hector

    2006-10-25

    The concept of "fluxional additives", additives that can adopt enantiomeric conformations depending on the chiral information in the ligand, is demonstrated in enantioselective Diels-Alder and nitrone cycloaddition reactions. The additive design is modular, and diverse structures are accessible in three steps. Chiral Lewis acids from main group and transition metals show enhancements in enantioselectivity in the presence of these additives.

  18. Feed Additives for Aquaculture and Aquarium Culture

    OpenAIRE

    Barata, Eduardo N.; Velez, Zélia

    2011-01-01

    The presente invention refers of feed additives for aquaculture and aquarium culture. These additives comprise the amino acid, 1-methyl-L-tryptophane, or its isomers with the objective of improving the attractiveness of feeds used in aquaculture and aquaria for fish, as well as other aquatic organisms, under culture conditions. Therefore, this invention has applications in the agriculture-food industry.

  19. Additive direct-write microfabrication for MEMS: A review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teh, Kwok Siong

    2017-12-01

    Direct-write additive manufacturing refers to a rich and growing repertoire of well-established fabrication techniques that builds solid objects directly from computer- generated solid models without elaborate intermediate fabrication steps. At the macroscale, direct-write techniques such as stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling ink-jet printing, and laminated object manufacturing have significantly reduced concept-to-product lead time, enabled complex geometries, and importantly, has led to the renaissance in fabrication known as the maker movement. The technological premises of all direct-write additive manufacturing are identical—converting computer generated three-dimensional models into layers of two-dimensional planes or slices, which are then reconstructed sequentially into threedimensional solid objects in a layer-by-layer format. The key differences between the various additive manufacturing techniques are the means of creating the finished layers and the ancillary processes that accompany them. While still at its infancy, direct-write additive manufacturing techniques at the microscale have the potential to significantly lower the barrier-of-entry—in terms of cost, time and training—for the prototyping and fabrication of MEMS parts that have larger dimensions, high aspect ratios, and complex shapes. In recent years, significant advancements in materials chemistry, laser technology, heat and fluid modeling, and control systems have enabled additive manufacturing to achieve higher resolutions at the micrometer and nanometer length scales to be a viable technology for MEMS fabrication. Compared to traditional MEMS processes that rely heavily on expensive equipment and time-consuming steps, direct-write additive manufacturing techniques allow for rapid design-to-prototype realization by limiting or circumventing the need for cleanrooms, photolithography and extensive training. With current direct-write additive

  20. PicPrint: Embedding pictures in additive manufacturing

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Jannik Boll; Eiríksson, Eyþór Rúnar; Lyngby, Rasmus Ahrenkiel

    2017-01-01

    Here  we  present  PicPrint,  a  method  and  tool  for  producing  an  additively  manufactured  lithophane,  enabling  transferring  and embedding  2D  information  into  additively  manufactured  3D  objects.  The  method  takes  an  input  image  and  converts  it  to  a......, after which  the mesh is  ready  for either  direct  print  on an additive manufacturing system, or transfer to other geometries via Boolean mesh operations. ...

  1. Development of new addition-type composite resins

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kray, R. J.

    1981-01-01

    The most promising of a number of new addition type polyimides and polyaromatic melamine (NCNS) resins for use in high performance composite materials. Three different cure temperature ranges were of interest: 530-560 K (500-550 F), 475-530 K (400-500 F), and 450 K (350 F). Examined were a wide variety of polyimide precursors terminated with 5 norbornene groups and addition polymerized at 560 K similar to PMR-15 and LARC-160 polyimides. In addition, a number of lower curing cinnamal end capped polyimides and a bismaleimide were investigated but were not found promising. A group of NCNS resins were investigated and some were found to be superior to current epoxy resins in moisture resistance, oxidative aging and flame and smoke properties.

  2. Is there a cosmological evidence for additional particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kirilova, D.P.; Chizhov, M.V.

    1998-05-01

    An extended cosmological model of the early Universe with additional antisymmetric tensor particles is described. The cosmological effects of the additional particles, namely additional interactions of the early Universe plasma with the tensor particles, a shift of the early Universe temperature-time dependence and the total energy density increase are discussed. The efficiency of the tensor particles interactions with the early Universe plasma components and their corresponding cosmological time and temperature are determined. (author)

  3. Additive to clay drilling muds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Voytenko, V.S.; Nekrasova, V.B.; Nikitinskiy, E.L.; Ponomarev, V.N.

    1984-01-01

    The purpose of the invention is to improve the lubricating and strengthening properties of clay drilling muds. This goal is achieved because the lubricating and strengthening additive used is waste from the pulp and paper industry at the stage of reprocessing crude sulfate soap into phytosterol.

  4. Characterization of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Slotwinski, J A; Garboczi, E J; Stutzman, P E; Ferraris, C F; Watson, S S; Peltz, M A

    2014-01-01

    Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques can produce complex, high-value metal parts, with potential applications as critical parts, such as those found in aerospace components. The production of AM parts with consistent and predictable properties requires input materials (e.g., metal powders) with known and repeatable characteristics, which in turn requires standardized measurement methods for powder properties. First, based on our previous work, we assess the applicability of current standardized methods for powder characterization for metal AM powders. Then we present the results of systematic studies carried out on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless steel and cobalt-chrome. The characterization of these powders is important in NIST efforts to develop appropriate measurements and standards for additive materials and to document the property of powders used in a NIST-led additive manufacturing material round robin. An extensive array of characterization techniques was applied to these two powders, in both virgin and recycled states. The physical techniques included laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to structure and chemistry, including X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analytical X-ray analysis using the X-rays generated during scanning electron microscopy, and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy were also employed. The results of these analyses show how virgin powder changes after being exposed to and recycled from one or more Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) additive manufacturing build cycles. In addition, these findings can give insight into the actual additive manufacturing process.

  5. Characterization of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Slotwinski, JA; Garboczi, EJ; Stutzman, PE; Ferraris, CF; Watson, SS; Peltz, MA

    2014-01-01

    Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques1 can produce complex, high-value metal parts, with potential applications as critical parts, such as those found in aerospace components. The production of AM parts with consistent and predictable properties requires input materials (e.g., metal powders) with known and repeatable characteristics, which in turn requires standardized measurement methods for powder properties. First, based on our previous work, we assess the applicability of current standardized methods for powder characterization for metal AM powders. Then we present the results of systematic studies carried out on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless steel and cobalt-chrome. The characterization of these powders is important in NIST efforts to develop appropriate measurements and standards for additive materials and to document the property of powders used in a NIST-led additive manufacturing material round robin. An extensive array of characterization techniques was applied to these two powders, in both virgin and recycled states. The physical techniques included laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to structure and chemistry, including X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analytical X-ray analysis using the X-rays generated during scanning electron microscopy, and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy were also employed. The results of these analyses show how virgin powder changes after being exposed to and recycled from one or more Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) additive manufacturing build cycles. In addition, these findings can give insight into the actual additive manufacturing process. PMID:26601040

  6. Decontamination formulation with sorbent additive

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tucker; Mark D. , Comstock; Robert H.

    2007-10-16

    A decontamination formulation and method of making that neutralizes the adverse health effects of both chemical and biological compounds, especially chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation provides solubilizing compounds that serve to effectively render the chemical and biological compounds, particularly CW and BW compounds, susceptible to attack, and at least one reactive compound that serves to attack (and detoxify or kill) the compound. The formulation includes at least one solubilizing agent, a reactive compound, a bleaching activator, a sorbent additive, and water. The highly adsorbent, water-soluble sorbent additive (e.g., sorbitol or mannitol) is used to "dry out" one or more liquid ingredients, such as the liquid bleaching activator (e.g., propylene glycol diacetate or glycerol diacetate) and convert the activator into a dry, free-flowing powder that has an extended shelf life, and is more convenient to handle and mix in the field.

  7. An Additively Manufactured Torch Igniter for Liquid Propellants

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Consistent and reliable rocket engine ignition has yet to be proven through an additively manufactured torch igniter for liquid propellants. The coupling of additive...

  8. Editorial: Alimentation méditerranéenne et santé [Mediterranean diet and health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malika BOUCHENAK

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Ce numéro de Nutrition & Santé est un retour sur le 2 Congrès International de la Société Algérienne de Nutrition qui s'est tenu du 13 au 15 octobre 2015, à Alger, et dont la thématique principale portait sur l'Alimentation méditerranéenne et la santé. L'alimentation méditerranéenne représente un véritable trésor culturel et culinaire, prônant la consommation de certains aliments, comme les fruits, les légumes, les légumineuses, les grains entiers, les noix, le poisson. De plus, l'un de ses piliers repose sur la consommation de l'huile d'olive, dont les avantages sont nombreux. A cet effet, l'OMS et la FAO ont reconnu le régime méditerranéen comme un modèle d'alimentation de qualité, sain et durable. Par ailleurs, les régimes méditerranéens traditionnels sont nutritionnellement appropriés, avec des teneurs variées en graisses totales, faibles en acides gras saturés et très faibles en acides gras Trans, et riches en fibres et en vitamines et flavonoïdes antioxydants.

  9. Etude de la violation de $CP$ directe pour l'extraction de l'angle $\\gamma$ via le canal de désintégration $B^{\\pm} \\rightarrow \\pi^{\\pm} \\pi^{\\mp} K^{\\pm}$. Etude d'un algorithme d'identification de particules dans le RICH 2 de LHCb

    CERN Document Server

    Gilles, G

    2007-01-01

    LHCb est une expérience consacrée à la physique des hadrons {it beaux} dont les premières prises de données sont prévues vers $2008$.\\ Le but de l'expérience {it LHCb} est l'étude précise de la violation de {it CP} dans le secteur de la {it beauté}. Ces particules seront produites dans les collisions proton-proton, qui auront lieu dans le futur collisionneur hadronique LHC du CERN près de Genève. La grande précision de l'expérience et la statistique disponible ($10^{12}$ événements {it beaux} par an) permettront de contraindre fortement le modèle standard et de tester sa validité. \\ L'étude de la {it violation directe de CP} dans le canal des mésons {it beaux} chargés est très prometteuse mais délicate tant les probabilités de désintégrations de ces derniers, dans les canaux susceptibles de violer la symétrie {it CP}, sont faibles ($sim 10^{-5}$). D'autre part, l'effet de {it violation de CP directe} attendu est très faible.\\ Afin de "concentrer" l'effet de {it violation de CP}, l'...

  10. Advances in 3D printing & additive manufacturing technologies

    CERN Document Server

    Pandey, Pulak; Kumar, L

    2017-01-01

    This edited volume comprises select chapters on advanced technologies for 3D printing and additive manufacturing and how these technologies have changed the face of direct, digital technologies for rapid production of models, prototypes and patterns. Because of its wide applications, 3D printing and additive manufacturing technology has become a powerful new industrial revolution in the field of manufacturing. The evolution of 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies has changed design, engineering and manufacturing processes across industries such as consumer products, aerospace, medical devices and automotives. The objective of this book is to help designers, R&D personnel, and practicing engineers understand the state-of-the-art developments in the field of 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. .

  11. The selective addition of water

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Resch, V.; Hanefeld, U.

    2014-01-01

    Water is omnipresent and essential. Yet at the same time it is a rather unreactive molecule. The direct addition of water to C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds is therefore a challenge not answered convincingly. In this perspective we critically evaluate the selectivity and the

  12. Design and additive manufacture for flow chemistry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Capel, Andrew J; Edmondson, Steve; Christie, Steven D R; Goodridge, Ruth D; Bibb, Richard J; Thurstans, Matthew

    2013-12-07

    We review the use of additive manufacturing (AM) as a novel manufacturing technique for the production of milli-scale reactor systems. Five well-developed additive manufacturing techniques: stereolithography (SL), multi-jet modelling (MJM), selective laser melting (SLM), laser sintering (LS) and fused deposition modelling (FDM) were used to manufacture a number of miniaturised reactors which were tested using a range of organic and inorganic reactions.

  13. USABILITY OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (THREEDIMENSIONAL PRINTING) TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION

    OpenAIRE

    ÖZSOY, KORAY; DUMAN, BURHAN

    2017-01-01

    Additive manufacturing technologies which are emerge in 1980’s years, they are using for prototip production in first time for that reason their denomination rapid prototyping . Nowadays it called additive manufacturing because of it using for end use functional part’s production. In additive manufacturing, the basic rationales the same, but many different technologies have been developed to manufacture with different approaches. The most common additive manufacturing technologies are stereol...

  14. Sewage sludge additive

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalvinskas, J. J.; Mueller, W. A.; Ingham, J. D. (Inventor)

    1980-01-01

    The additive is for a raw sewage treatment process of the type where settling tanks are used for the purpose of permitting the suspended matter in the raw sewage to be settled as well as to permit adsorption of the dissolved contaminants in the water of the sewage. The sludge, which settles down to the bottom of the settling tank is extracted, pyrolyzed and activated to form activated carbon and ash which is mixed with the sewage prior to its introduction into the settling tank. The sludge does not provide all of the activated carbon and ash required for adequate treatment of the raw sewage. It is necessary to add carbon to the process and instead of expensive commercial carbon, coal is used to provide the carbon supplement.

  15. Children with Crohn's Disease Frequently Consume Select Food Additives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Dale; Swan, C Kaiulani; Suskind, David; Wahbeh, Ghassan; Vanamala, Jairam; Baldassano, Robert N; Leonard, Mary B; Lampe, Johanna W

    2018-06-04

    Certain food additives may promote the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), but thus far the evaluation of food additive exposures in humans has been limited. The objective of this study was to quantify food additive exposures in children with CD. In a trial for bone health in CD, children were followed over 24 months with evaluation of disease characteristics, dietary intake, and body composition. At baseline, participants completed three 24-h dietary recalls. Foods were categorized, and the ingredient list for each item was evaluated for the presence of select food additives: polysorbate-80, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, soy lecithin, titanium dioxide, carrageenan, maltodextrin, and aluminosilicates. The frequency of exposures to these food additives was described for study participants and for food categories. At study baseline, 138 participants, mean age 14.2 ± 2.8 years, 95% having inactive or mild disease, were enrolled and dietary recalls were collected. A total of 1325 unique foods were recorded. Mean exposures per day for xanthan gum was 0.96 ± 0.72, carrageenan 0.58 ± 0.63, maltodextrin 0.95 ± 0.77, and soy lecithin 0.90 ± 0.74. The other additives had less than 0.1 exposures per day. For the 8 examined food additives, participants were exposed to a mean (SD) of 3.6 ± 2.1 total additives per recall day and a mean (SD) of 2.4 ± 1.0 different additives per day. Children with CD frequently consume food additives, and the impact on disease course needs further study.

  16. Analyse géochimique de la matiére organique extraite des roches sédimentaires. IV. Extraction des roches en faible quantités Geochemical Analysis of Organic Matter Extracted from Sedimentary Rocks Iv. Exraction from Small Amounts of Rock

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monin J. C.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available L'extraction en Soxhlet est inappllcable lorsque les échantillons de roche sont de trop petite taille. A l'occasion de la mise au point du protocole d'extraction correspondant, on examine l'influence d'un certain nombre de conditions opératoires sur le rendement d'extraction : température, durée nature et quantité du solvant, présence de lumière, présence d'air, procédé d'extraction. Pour les hydrocarbures, tant saturés qu'aromatiques, le facteur essentiel est l'agitation du milieu d'extraction ; la nature du solvant n'est pas critique, à condition de ne pas choisir un très mauvais solvant des hydrocarbures : l'extractibilité est en effet plus fonction du pouvoir désorbant vis-à-vis de la roche que du pouvoir solvant proprement dit. Pour les résines et asphalténes, l'interprétation des résultats est délicate, car la frontière n'est pas nette entre produits simplement dissous, produits de solvolyse et, produits de néoformation par interaction solvant-matière organique-matière minérale. II n'existe donc pas de protocole d'extraction recommandable dans l'absolu. Tout dépend des exigences analytiques et aussi pratiques du laboratoire; à l'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP le protocole retenu est l'extraction en bécher avec agitation magnétique pendant 20 min dans le chroroforme à 50 °C (approximativement; on donne aussi le protocole d'évaporation du solvant et de récupération de l'extrait, qui doit être étudié soigneusement étant donné les faibles quantités mises en jeu. A Soxhlet extractor cannot be used with rock samples that are too small in size. With the development of on extraction procédure for such cases, this article examines the influence of various operating conditions on extraction yield, i. e. temperature, duration, nature and amount of solvent, presence of light, présence of air and extraction process. For both saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, the essential factor is the stirring of the

  17. ADDITIVE SELF-HELICITY AS A KINK MODE THRESHOLD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malanushenko, A.; Longcope, D. W.; Fan, Y.; Gibson, S. E.

    2009-01-01

    In this paper, we propose that additive self-helicity, introduced by Longcope and Malanushenko, plays a role in the kink instability for complex equilibria, similar to twist helicity for thin flux tubes. We support this hypothesis by a calculation of additive self-helicity of a twisted flux tube from the simulation of Fan and Gibson. As more twist gets introduced, the additive self-helicity increases, and the kink instability of the tube coincides with the drop of additive self-helicity, after the latter reaches the value of H A /Φ 2 ∼ 1.5 (where Φ is the flux of the tube and H A is the additive self-helicity). We compare the additive self-helicity to twist for a thin subportion of the tube to illustrate that H A /Φ 2 is equal to the twist number, studied by Berger and Field, when the thin flux tube approximation is applicable. We suggest that the quantity H A /Φ 2 could be treated as a generalization of a twist number, when the thin flux tube approximation is not applicable. A threshold on a generalized twist number might prove extremely useful studying complex equilibria, just as the twist number itself has proven useful studying idealized thin flux tubes. We explicitly describe a numerical method for calculating additive self-helicity, which includes an algorithm for identifying a domain occupied by a flux bundle and a method of calculating potential magnetic field confined to this domain. We also describe a numerical method to calculate twist of a thin flux tube, using a frame parallelly transported along the axis of the tube.

  18. Cleaning Process Development for Metallic Additively Manufactured Parts

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tramel, Terri L.; Welker, Roger; Lowery, Niki; Mitchell, Mark

    2014-01-01

    Additive Manufacturing of metallic components for aerospace applications offers many advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques. As a new technology, many aspects of its widespread utilization remain open to investigation. Among these are the cleaning processes that can be used for post finishing of parts and measurements to verify effectiveness of the cleaning processes. Many cleaning and drying processes and measurement methods that have been used for parts manufactured using conventional techniques are candidates that may be considered for cleaning and verification of additively manufactured parts. Among these are vapor degreasing, ultrasonic immersion and spray cleaning, followed by hot air drying, vacuum baking and solvent displacement drying. Differences in porosity, density, and surface finish of additively manufactured versus conventionally manufactured parts may introduce new considerations in the selection of cleaning and drying processes or the method used to verify their effectiveness. This presentation will review the relative strengths and weaknesses of different candidate cleaning and drying processes as they may apply to additively manufactured metal parts for aerospace applications. An ultrasonic cleaning technique for exploring the cleanability of parts will be presented along with an example using additively manufactured Inconel 718 test specimens to illustrate its use. The data analysis shows that this ultrasonic cleaning approach results in a well-behaved ultrasonic cleaning/extraction behavior. That is, it does not show signs of accelerated cavitation erosion of the base material, which was later confirmed by neutron imaging. In addition, the analysis indicated that complete cleaning would be achieved by ultrasonic immersion cleaning at approximately 5 minutes, which was verified by subsequent cleaning of additional parts.

  19. An evaluation of estimation methods for determining addition in presbyopes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bittencourt, Leonardo Catunda; Alves, Milton Ruiz; Dantas, Daniel Oliveira; Rodrigues, Pablo Felipe; Santos-Neto, Edson dos

    2013-01-01

    The optical correction of presbyopia must be handled individually. Our aim was to compare the methods used in addition to the refractive near vision, with the final addition used in presbyopic patients. Eighty healthy subjects with a mean age of 49.7 years (range 40 to 60 years) were studied. Tentative near additions were determined using four different techniques: one-half amplitude accommodation with minus lenses (AAL); one-third accommodative demand with positive lens (ADL); balanced range of accommodation with minus and positive lenses (BRA) and crossed cylinder test with initial myopisation (CCT). The power of the addition was then refined to arrive at the final addition. The mean tentative near additions were lower than the final addition for ADL and BRA addition methods. The mean differences between tentative and final additions were low for all the tests examined (less than 0.25 D). The intervals between the 95% limits of agreement differed substantially and were always higher than ±0.50 D. All the methods used displayed similar behavior and provided a tentative addition close to the final addition. The coefficient of agreements (COA) detected suggests that every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient.

  20. An evaluation of estimation methods for determining addition in presbyopes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Catunda Bittencourt

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: The optical correction of presbyopia must be handled individually. Our aim was to compare the methods used in addition to the refractive near vision, with the final addition used in presbyopic patients. METHODS: Eighty healthy subjects with a mean age of 49.7 years (range 40 to 60 years were studied. Tentative near additions were determined using four different techniques: one-half amplitude accommodation with minus lenses (AAL; one-third accommodative demand with positive lens (ADL; balanced range of accommodation with minus and positive lenses (BRA and crossed cylinder test with initial myopisation (CCT. The power of the addition was then refined to arrive at the final addition. RESULTS: The mean tentative near additions were lower than the final addition for ADL and BRA addition methods. The mean differences between tentative and final additions were low for all the tests examined (less than 0.25 D. The intervals between the 95% limits of agreement differed substantially and were always higher than ±0.50 D. CONCLUSION: All the methods used displayed similar behavior and provided a tentative addition close to the final addition. The coefficient of agreements (COA detected suggests that every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient.

  1. BWR zinc addition Sourcebook

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia, Susan E.; Giannelli, Joseph F.; Jarvis, Alfred J.

    2014-01-01

    Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) have been injecting zinc into the primary coolant via the reactor feedwater system for over 25 years for the purpose of controlling primary system radiation fields. The BWR zinc injection process has evolved since the initial application at the Hope Creek Nuclear Station in 1986. Key transitions were from the original natural zinc oxide (NZO) to depleted zinc oxide (DZO), and from active zinc injection of a powdered zinc oxide slurry (pumped systems) to passive injection systems (zinc pellet beds). Zinc addition has continued through various chemistry regimes changes, from normal water chemistry (NWC) to hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) and HWC with noble metals (NobleChem™) for mitigation of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of reactor internals and primary system piping. While past reports published by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) document specific industry experience related to these topics, the Zinc Sourcebook was prepared to consolidate all of the experience gained over the past 25 years. The Zinc Sourcebook will benefit experienced BWR Chemistry, Operations, Radiation Protection and Engineering personnel as well as new people entering the nuclear power industry. While all North American BWRs implement feedwater zinc injection, a number of other BWRs do not inject zinc. This Sourcebook will also be a valuable resource to plants considering the benefits of zinc addition process implementation, and to gain insights on industry experience related to zinc process control and best practices. This paper presents some of the highlights from the Sourcebook. (author)

  2. Replacing Phosphorus-Containing Food Additives With Foods Without Additives Reduces Phosphatemia in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Fornasari, Margareth Lage Leite; Dos Santos Sens, Yvoty Alves

    2017-03-01

    The purpose of the study was to verify the effects of replacing phosphorus-containing food additives with foods without additives on phosphatemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Randomized clinical trial. Adult patients on hemodialysis for ≥6 months at a single center. A total of 134 patients with phosphorus levels of >5.5 mg/dL were included and were randomized into an intervention group (n = 67) and a control group (n = 67). The IG received individual orientation to replace processed foods that have phosphorus additives with foods of similar nutritional value without these additives. The CG received only the nutritional orientation given before the study. Clinical laboratory data, nutritional status, energy and protein intake, and normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and after 90 days. There was no initial difference between the groups in terms of serum phosphorus levels, nutritional status, and energy intake. After 3 months, there was a decline in phosphorus levels in the IG (from 7.2 ± 1.4 to 5.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL, P food additives with foods without additives reduced serum phosphorus without interfering in the nutritional status of ESRD patients. Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. depistage de surdite dans les ecoles fondamentales de la ville de

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    phonie AZuR. Objectif général ... En Centrafrique il est possible de réduire la prévalence de la surdité en milieu scolaire par la prévention primaire, le dépistage ... 2 médecins chargés de faire le dépistage (l'acoumétrie .... faible sensibilisation générale des familles sur les pro- .... L'amélioration des soins pré et périnatals ;.

  4. 1549-IJBCS-Article-Mohamed Soumanou

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    hp

    rose-orangée, odorants avec une fragrance douce et florale du rônier mûr et légèrement visqueux. Ils sont modérément sucrés avec une faible amertume caractéristique du fruit. Les résultats de l'évaluation de l'acidité de ces jus sont présentés dans le Tableau 2. Ces résultats montrent que les jus frais extraits au moyen de ...

  5. Effet du stress salin sur le comportement physiologique et ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SARAH

    30 juin 2013 ... rapidement dans les feuilles à partir de 25 mmol de NaCl. Le rapport de sélectivité K+/Na+ a été plus discriminant entre les variétés : Midass a présenté le rapport de sélectivité le plus élevé et Nabeul le rapport de sélectivité le plus faible. Conclusion et application : La variété Nabeul qui est de type piment ...

  6. Collective effects in {sup 17}F and {sup 19}Ne; Effets collectifs dans {sup 17}F et {sup 19}Ne

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lehmann, P; Leveque, A; Grjebine, T; Barloutaud, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1959-07-01

    The quadrupolar transition periods {sup 17}F1/2+ {yields} 5/2+ and {sup 19}Ne5/2+ {yields} 1/2+ have been measured, and are compatible with the model of a weak coupling between core and external nucleons. (author) [French] Les periodes des transitions quadrupolaires {sup 17}F1/2+ {yields} 5/2+ et {sup 19}Ne5/2+ {yields} 1/2+ ont ete mesurees et sont compatibles avec le modele d'un couplage faible entre coeur et nucleons exterieures. (auteur)

  7. Additional Samples: Where They Should Be Located

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pilger, G. G.; Costa, J. F. C. L.; Koppe, J. C.

    2001-01-01

    Information for mine planning requires to be close spaced, if compared to the grid used for exploration and resource assessment. The additional samples collected during quasimining usually are located in the same pattern of the original diamond drillholes net but closer spaced. This procedure is not the best in mathematical sense for selecting a location. The impact of an additional information to reduce the uncertainty about the parameter been modeled is not the same everywhere within the deposit. Some locations are more sensitive in reducing the local and global uncertainty than others. This study introduces a methodology to select additional sample locations based on stochastic simulation. The procedure takes into account data variability and their spatial location. Multiple equally probable models representing a geological attribute are generated via geostatistical simulation. These models share basically the same histogram and the same variogram obtained from the original data set. At each block belonging to the model a value is obtained from the n simulations and their combination allows one to access local variability. Variability is measured using an uncertainty index proposed. This index was used to map zones of high variability. A value extracted from a given simulation is added to the original data set from a zone identified as erratic in the previous maps. The process of adding samples and simulation is repeated and the benefit of the additional sample is evaluated. The benefit in terms of uncertainty reduction is measure locally and globally. The procedure showed to be robust and theoretically sound, mapping zones where the additional information is most beneficial. A case study in a coal mine using coal seam thickness illustrates the method

  8. Additive manufacturing: state-of-the-art and application framework

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rodrigues, Vinicius Picanco; de Senzi Zancul, Eduardo; Gonçalves Mançanares, Cauê

    2017-01-01

    Additive manufacturing encompasses a class of production processes with increasing applications indifferent areas and supply chains. Due to its flexibility for production in small batches and the versatilityof materials and geometries, this technology is recognized as being capable...... of revolutionizing theproduction processes as well as changing production strategies that are currently employed. However,there are different technologies under the generic label of additive manufacturing, materials and applicationareas with different requirements. Given the growing importance of additive...... manufacturingas a production process, and also considering the need to have a better insight into the potential applicationsfor driving research and development efforts, this article presents a proposal of organizationfor additive manufacturing applications in seven areas. Additionally, the article provides...

  9. Application of Natural Mineral Additives in Construction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Linek, Malgorzata; Nita, Piotr; Wolka, Paweł; Zebrowski, Wojciech

    2017-12-01

    The article concerns the idea of using selected mineral additives in the pavement quality concrete composition. The basis of the research paper was the modification of cement concrete intended for airfield pavements. The application of the additives: metakaolonite and natural zeolite was suggested. Analyses included the assessment of basic physical properties of modifiers. Screening analysis, assessment of micro structure and chemical microanalysis were conducted in case of these materials. The influence of the applied additives on the change of concrete mix parameters was also presented. The impact of zeolite and metakaolinite on the mix density, oxygen content and consistency class was analysed. The influence of modifiers on physical and mechanical changes of the hardened cement concrete was discussed (concrete density, compressive strength and bending strength during fracturing) in diversified research periods. The impact of the applied additives on the changes of internal structure of cement concrete was discussed. Observation of concrete micro structure was conducted using the scanning electron microscope. According to the obtained lab test results, parameters of the applied modifiers and their influence on changes of internal structure of cement concrete are reflected in the increase of mechanical properties of pavement quality concrete. The increase of compressive and bending strength in case of all analysed research periods was proved.

  10. Effects of additives on PVG dosifilm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Wenxiu; Liu, Aiguo

    1995-01-01

    Dosifilm PVG is a new radiochromic film dosimeter composed of matrix material polyvinyl butyral (PVB), leuco malachite green (LMG) and additive halogenated organic compound (RX), etc. The control of the dose range on PVG dosifilm was examined. The addition of halogenated compounds played an important role in the radiation reaction of LMG beyond the concentration of LMG. Bromide is more effective than chloride in this system, the oxidative species are X · and X 2 · - . PVB with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) can induce the oxidation of LMG before irradiation. The reaction mechanism of PVG was discussed. Different linear ranges of radiation response on PVG dosifilm could be controlled by alternating the relative concentrations of halogenated compounds and LMG. (author)

  11. Additional gleaning of fusion energy development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamamoto, Kenzo; Koizumi, Koichi

    2002-09-01

    This report summarizes the major topics in the history of fusion energy development in Japan from its dawn to the tokamak fusion experimental reactor, ITER. The domestic circumstances and situation in foreign countries in those days, and the details of each decision and discussion, are described. Since my previous writing, 'Forty years for Nuclear Fusion Energy Development - Big Science in Japan (1997, ERC Press. Co. Ltd.)', was a book which briefly summarize a large quantity of documents on the history, there are many points, which require additional detail explanation. This time, I selected and extracted major topics in the fusion research history, and added additional descriptions and my comments so as to supplement my previous writing. (author)

  12. Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review of Mechanical Properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewandowski, John J.; Seifi, Mohsen

    2016-07-01

    This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and directed energy deposition (e.g., LENS, EBF3). Although only a limited number of metallic alloy systems are currently available for additive manufacturing (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V, TiAl, stainless steel, Inconel 625/718, and Al-Si-10Mg), the bulk of the published mechanical properties information has been generated on Ti-6Al-4V. However, summary tables for published mechanical properties and/or key figures are included for each of the alloys listed above, grouped by the additive technique used to generate the data. Published values for mechanical properties obtained from hardness, tension/compression, fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth, and high cycle fatigue are included for as-built, heat-treated, and/or HIP conditions, when available. The effects of test orientation/build direction on properties, when available, are also provided, along with discussion of the potential source(s) (e.g., texture, microstructure changes, defects) of anisotropy in properties. Recommendations for additional work are also provided.

  13. Nutrient additions in pristine Patagonian Sphagnum bog vegetation: can phosphorus addition alleviate (the effects of) increased nitrogen loads.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fritz, C; van Dijk, G; Smolders, A J P; Pancotto, V A; Elzenga, T J T M; Roelofs, J G M; Grootjans, A P

    2012-05-01

    Sphagnum-bog ecosystems have a limited capability to retain carbon and nutrients when subjected to increased nitrogen (N) deposition. Although it has been proposed that phosphorus (P) can dilute negative effects of nitrogen by increasing biomass production of Sphagnum mosses, it is still unclear whether P-addition can alleviate physiological N-stress in Sphagnum plants. A 3-year fertilisation experiment was conducted in lawns of a pristine Sphagnum magellanicum bog in Patagonia, where competing vascular plants were practically absent. Background wet deposition of nitrogen was low (≈ 0.1-0.2 g · N · m(-2) · year(-1)). Nitrogen (4 g · N · m(-2) · year(-1)) and phosphorus (1 g · P · m(-2) · year(-1)) were applied, separately and in combination, six times during the growing season. P-addition substantially increased biomass production of Sphagnum. Nitrogen and phosphorus changed the morphology of Sphagnum mosses by enhancing height increment, but lowering moss stem density. In contrast to expectations, phosphorus failed to alleviate physiological stress imposed by excess nitrogen (e.g. amino acid accumulation, N-saturation and decline in photosynthetic rates). We conclude that despite improving growth conditions by P-addition, Sphagnum-bog ecosystems remain highly susceptible to nitrogen additions. Increased susceptibility to desiccation by nutrients may even worsen the negative effects of excess nitrogen especially in windy climates like in Patagonia. © 2011 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

  14. Tribological performance of nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gulzar, M.; Masjuki, H. H.; Kalam, M. A.; Varman, M.; Zulkifli, N. W. M.; Mufti, R. A.; Zahid, Rehan

    2016-01-01

    The prospect of modern tribology has been expanded with the advent of nanomaterial-based lubrication systems, whose development was facilitated by the nanotechnology in recent years. In literature, a variety of nanoparticles have been used as lubricant additives with potentially interesting friction and wear properties. To date, although there has been a great deal of experimental research on nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives, many aspects of their tribological behavior are yet to be fully understood. With growing number of possibilities, the key question is: what types of nanoparticles act as a better lubricating oil additive and why? To answer this question, this paper reviews main types of nanoparticles that have been used as lubricants additives and outlines the mechanisms by which they are currently believed to function. Significant aspects of their tribological behavior such as dispersion stability and morphology are also highlighted.

  15. Tribological performance of nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gulzar, M., E-mail: mubashir-nustian@hotmail.com; Masjuki, H. H., E-mail: masjuki@um.edu.my; Kalam, M. A.; Varman, M.; Zulkifli, N. W. M. [University of Malaya, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Energy Sciences (Malaysia); Mufti, R. A. [National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) (Pakistan); Zahid, Rehan [University of Malaya, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Energy Sciences (Malaysia)

    2016-08-15

    The prospect of modern tribology has been expanded with the advent of nanomaterial-based lubrication systems, whose development was facilitated by the nanotechnology in recent years. In literature, a variety of nanoparticles have been used as lubricant additives with potentially interesting friction and wear properties. To date, although there has been a great deal of experimental research on nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives, many aspects of their tribological behavior are yet to be fully understood. With growing number of possibilities, the key question is: what types of nanoparticles act as a better lubricating oil additive and why? To answer this question, this paper reviews main types of nanoparticles that have been used as lubricants additives and outlines the mechanisms by which they are currently believed to function. Significant aspects of their tribological behavior such as dispersion stability and morphology are also highlighted.

  16. Additive manufacturing: state-of-the-art and application framework

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vinícius Picanço Rodrigues

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Additive manufacturing encompasses a class of production processes with increasing applications in different areas and supply chains. Due to its flexibility for production in small batches and the versatility of materials and geometries, this technology is recognized as being capable of revolutionizing the production processes as well as changing production strategies that are currently employed. However, there are different technologies under the generic label of additive manufacturing, materials and application areas with different requirements. Given the growing importance of additive manufacturing as a production process, and also considering the need to have a better insight into the potential applications for driving research and development efforts, this article presents a proposal of organization for additive manufacturing applications in seven areas. Additionally, the article provides a panorama of the current development stage of this technology, with a review of its major technological variants. The results presented aim to serve as a basis to support driving initiatives in additive manufacturing in companies, development agencies and research institutions.

  17. Fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured porous biomaterials

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hedayati, R.; Amin Yavari, S.; Zadpoor, A.A.

    2017-01-01

    Additively manufactured porous titanium implants, in addition to preserving the excellent biocompatible properties of titanium, have very small stiffness values comparable to those of natural bones. Although usually loaded in compression, biomedical implants can also be under tensional, shear,

  18. 20 CFR 404.278 - Additional cost-of-living increase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Additional cost-of-living increase. 404.278... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Computing Primary Insurance Amounts Cost-Of-Living Increases § 404.278 Additional cost-of-living increase. (a) General. In addition to the cost-of-living increase explained in...

  19. 7 CFR 27.25 - Additional samples of cotton; drawing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Additional samples of cotton; drawing. 27.25 Section... Samples § 27.25 Additional samples of cotton; drawing. In addition to the samples hereinbefore prescribed, separate samples, if desired, may be drawn and furnished to the owner of the cotton. ...

  20. Quantum field theories on algebraic curves. I. Additive bosons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takhtajan, Leon A

    2013-01-01

    Using Serre's adelic interpretation of cohomology, we develop a 'differential and integral calculus' on an algebraic curve X over an algebraically closed field k of constants of characteristic zero, define algebraic analogues of additive multi-valued functions on X and prove the corresponding generalized residue theorem. Using the representation theory of the global Heisenberg algebra and lattice Lie algebra, we formulate quantum field theories of additive and charged bosons on an algebraic curve X. These theories are naturally connected with the algebraic de Rham theorem. We prove that an extension of global symmetries (Witten's additive Ward identities) from the k-vector space of rational functions on X to the vector space of additive multi-valued functions uniquely determines these quantum theories of additive and charged bosons.