The Expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup L3 within and out of Africa

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Soares, P.; Alshamali, F.; Pereira, J. B.; Fernandes, V.; Silva, N. M.; Afonso, C.; Costa, M. D.; Musilová, E.; Macaulay, V.; Richards, M. B.; Černý, Viktor; Pereira, L.

2012-01-01

Roč. 29, č. 3 (2012), s. 915-927 ISSN 0737-4038 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ME 917 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : mtDNA * complete genomes * haplogroup L3 * out of Africa * modern human expansions Sub ject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology Impact factor: 10.353, year: 2012

Gene Capture from Across the Grass Family in the Allohexaploid Elymus repens (L.) Gould (Poaceae, Triticeae) as Evidenced by ITS, GBSSI, and Molecular Cytogenetics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mahelka, Václav; Kopecký, David

2010-01-01

Roč. 27, č. 6 (2010), s. 1370-1390 ISSN 0737-4038 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP206/09/P312; GA ČR GA206/09/1126 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60050516; CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Keywords : Elymus repens * hybridization * Triticeae Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 5.510, year: 2010

12 CFR 403.8 - Appeals.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appeals. 403.8 Section 403.8 Banks and Banking EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL... Vice President & Vice Chairman, Export-Import Bank of the United States, 811 Vermont Avenue NW...

Similarity of PSR J1906+0746 to PSR J0737–3039: a Candidate of a New Double Pulsar System?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Yi-Yan; Lingfu, Rong-Feng; Zhou, Zhu-Wen [School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018 (China); Zhang, Cheng-Min; Li, Di [National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Wang, De-Hua [School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001 (China); Pan, Yuan-Yue, E-mail: yangyiyan@gznc.edu.cn, E-mail: zhangcm@bao.ac.cn [Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105 (China)

2017-02-01

PSR J1906+0746 is a nonrecycled strong magnetic field neutron star (NS), sharing the properties of the secondary-formed NS PSR J0737–3039B in the double pulsar system PSR J0737–3039AB. By comparing the orbital parameters of PSR J1906+0746 with those of PSR J0737–3039AB, we conclude that both systems have a similar origin and evolution history, involving an e-capture process for forming the second-born NS, like in the case of PSR J0737–3039B. We expect the companion of PSR J1906+0746 to be a long-lived recycled pulsar with radio beams that currently cannot be observed from Earth. We suggest possible ways to detect its presence. To compare PSR J1906+0746 with PSR J0737–3039, we also present the mass distribution of eight pairs of double NSs and find that in double NSs the mass of the recycled pulsar is usually larger than that of the nonrecycled one, which may be the result of accretion.

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-XTRO-01-0737 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-XTRO-01-0737 ref|YP_772985.1| binding-protein-dependent transport systems inne...r membrane component [Burkholderia cepacia AMMD] gb|ABI86651.1| binding-protein-dependent transport systems

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-XTRO-01-0737 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-XTRO-01-0737 ref|ZP_01555242.1| binding-protein-dependent transport systems in...ner membrane component [Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6] gb|EAV51825.1| binding-protein-dependent transport systems

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-TSYR-01-0737 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-TSYR-01-0737 emb|CAF22008.1| cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 [Timarcha olivieri p...arnassia] emb|CAF22009.1| cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 [Timarcha olivieri parnassia] CAF22008.1 2.5 29% ...

Pulsed X-Ray Emission from Pulsar A in the Double Pulsar System J0737-3039

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chatterjee, S.; Gaensler, B.M.; Melatos, A.; Brisken, W.F.; Stappers, B.W.

2007-01-01

The double pulsar system J0737-3039 is not only a test bed for general relativity and theories of gravity, but also provides a unique laboratory for probing the relativistic winds of neutron stars. Recent X-ray observations have revealed a point source at the position of the J0737-3039 system, but

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-MLUC-01-0737 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-MLUC-01-0737 ref|NP_067250.2| potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related ...assium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 4 [Mus musculus] emb|CAM23761.1| potassium voltage-gated channel, shak...4.1| potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 4 [Mus musculus] NP_067250.2 0.0 87% ...

Fermi LAT Pulsed Detection of PSR J0737-3039A in the Double Pulsar System

Science.gov (United States)

Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.; Johnson, T. J.; Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Venter, C.; Harding, A. K.; Ferdman, R. D.; Stairs, I. H.; Kerr, M.

2013-01-01

We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope discovery of gamma-ray pulsations from the 22.7 ms pulsar A in the double pulsar system J0737-3039A/B. This is the first mildly recycled millisecond pulsar (MSP) detected in the GeV domain. The 2.7 s companion object PSR J0737-3039B is not detected in gamma rays. PSR J0737-3039A is a faint gamma-ray emitter, so that its spectral properties are only weakly constrained; however, its measured efficiency is typical of other MSPs. The two peaks of the gamma-ray light curve are separated by roughly half a rotation and are well offset from the radio and X-ray emission, suggesting that the GeV radiation originates in a distinct part of the magnetosphere from the other types of emission. From the modeling of the radio and the gamma-ray emission profiles and the analysis of radio polarization data, we constrain the magnetic inclination alpha and the viewing angle zeta to be close to 90 deg., which is consistent with independent studies of the radio emission from PSR J0737-3039A. A small misalignment angle between the pulsar's spin axis and the system's orbital axis is therefore favored, supporting the hypothesis that pulsar B was formed in a nearly symmetric supernova explosion as has been discussed in the literature already.

FERMI LAT PULSED DETECTION OF PSR J0737-3039A IN THE DOUBLE PULSAR SYSTEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Radioastronomie, Auf dem Huegel 69, D-53121 Bonn (Germany); Johnson, T. J. [National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001 (United States); Craig, H. A.; Romani, R. W.; Kerr, M. [W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Venter, C. [Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom (South Africa); Harding, A. K. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Ferdman, R. D. [Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Stairs, I. H., E-mail: guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 (Canada)

2013-05-10

We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope discovery of {gamma}-ray pulsations from the 22.7 ms pulsar A in the double pulsar system J0737-3039A/B. This is the first mildly recycled millisecond pulsar (MSP) detected in the GeV domain. The 2.7 s companion object PSR J0737-3039B is not detected in {gamma} rays. PSR J0737-3039A is a faint {gamma}-ray emitter, so that its spectral properties are only weakly constrained; however, its measured efficiency is typical of other MSPs. The two peaks of the {gamma}-ray light curve are separated by roughly half a rotation and are well offset from the radio and X-ray emission, suggesting that the GeV radiation originates in a distinct part of the magnetosphere from the other types of emission. From the modeling of the radio and the {gamma}-ray emission profiles and the analysis of radio polarization data, we constrain the magnetic inclination {alpha} and the viewing angle {zeta} to be close to 90 Degree-Sign , which is consistent with independent studies of the radio emission from PSR J0737-3039A. A small misalignment angle between the pulsar's spin axis and the system's orbital axis is therefore favored, supporting the hypothesis that pulsar B was formed in a nearly symmetric supernova explosion as has been discussed in the literature already.

Constraining the gravitational binding energy of PSR J0737-3039B using terrestrial nuclear data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newton, W. G.; Li Baoan

2009-01-01

We show that the gravitational binding energy of a neutron star of a given mass is correlated with the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy at 1-2 times nuclear saturation density for equations of state without significant softening (i.e., those that predict maximum masses M max >1.44M · in line with the largest accurately measured neutron star mass). Applying recent laboratory constraints on the slope of the symmetry energy to this correlation we extract a constraint on the baryon mass of the lower mass member of the double pulsar binary system, PSR J0737-3039B. We compare with independent constraints derived from modeling the progenitor star of J0737-3039B up to and through its collapse under the assumption that it formed in an electron capture supernova. The two sets of constraints are consistent only if L < or approx. 70 MeV.

The very soft X-ray spectrum of the double pulsar system J0737-3039

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Possenti, A.; Rea, N.; McLaughlin, M.A.; Camilo, F.; Kramer, M.; Burgay, M.; Joshi, B.C.; Lyne, A.G.

2008-01-01

We present the results of an 80 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the double pulsar system J0737-3039. Furthermore, we report on spectral, spatial and timing analysis of the combined X-ray observations performed so far for this system. Fitting a total of similar to 1100 photons, we show that the

The Highly Relativistic Binary Pulsar PSR J0737-3039A: Discovery and Implications

OpenAIRE

Burgay, M.; D'Amico, N.; Possenti, A.; Manchester, R. N.; Lyne, A. G.; Joshi, B. C.; McLaughlin, M. A.; Kramer, M.; Sarkissian, J. M.; Camilo, F.; Kalogera, V.; Kim, C.; Lorimer, D. R.

2004-01-01

PSR J0737-3039A is a millisecond pulsar with a spin period of 22.7 ms included in a double-neutron star system with an orbital period of 2.4 hrs. Its companion has also been detected as a radio pulsar, making this binary the first known double-pulsar system. Its discovery has important implications for relativistic gravity tests, gravitational wave detection and plasma physics. Here we will shortly describe the discovery of the first pulsar in this unique system and present the first results ...

MULTI-FREQUENCY STUDIES OF RADIO RELICS IN THE GALAXY CLUSTERS A4038, A1664, AND A786

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kale, Ruta; Dwarakanath, K. S., E-mail: ruta@iucaa.ernet.in [Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080 (India)

2012-01-01

We present a multi-frequency study of radio relics associated with the galaxy clusters A4038, A1664, and A786. Radio images, integrated spectra, spectral index maps, and fits to the integrated spectra in the framework of the adiabatic compression model are presented. Images of the relic in A4038 at 150, 240, and 606 MHz with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope have revealed extended ultra-steep spectrum ({alpha} {approx} -1.8 to -2.7) emission of extent 210 Multiplication-Sign 80 kpc{sup 2}. The model of passively evolving radio lobes compressed by a shock fits the integrated spectrum best. The relic with a circular morphology at the outskirts of the cluster A1664 has an integrated spectral index of {approx} - 1.10 {+-} 0.06 and is best fit by the model of radio lobes lurking for {approx}4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} yr. The relic near A786 has a curved spectrum and is best fit by a model of radio lobes lurking for {approx}3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} yr. At 4.7 GHz, a compact radio source, possibly the progenitor of the A786 relic, is detected near the center of the radio relic. The A786 radio relic is thus likely a lurking radio galaxy rather than a site of cosmological shock as has been considered in earlier studies.

Technical evaluation report, TMI action NUREG-0737 (II.D.1), relief and safety valve testing, Comanche Peak, Unit 2, Docket No. 50-446

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fineman, C.P.

1993-01-01

In the past, safety and relief valves installed in the primary coolant system of light water reactors have performed improperly. As a result, the authors of NUREG-0578 (TMI-2 Lessons Learned Task Force Status Report and Short-Term Recommendations) and, subsequently, NUREG-0737 (Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements) recommended development and completion of programs to do two things. First, the programs should reevaluate the functional performance capabilities of pressurized water reactor safety, relief, and block valves. Second, they should verify the integrity of the pressurizer safety and relief valve piping systems for normal, transient, and accident conditions. This report documents the review of those programs by EG ampersand G Idaho, Inc. Specifically, this report documents the review of the Comanche Peak, Unit 2, Applicant response to the requirement of NUREG-0578 and NUREG-0737. This review found the Applicant provided an acceptable response reconfirming they met General Design Criteria 14, 15 and 30 of Appendix A to 10 CFR 50 for the subject equipment

Concerted Use of Slab and Cluster Models in an ab initio Study of Hydrogen Desorption from the Si(100) Surface

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Steckel, J. A.; Phung, T.; Jordan, K. D.; Nachtigall, Petr

2001-01-01

Roč. 105, č. 18 (2001), s. 4031-4038 ISSN 1089-5647 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : silicon * surface * hydrogen Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 3.379, year: 2001

RED SUPERGIANTS AS COSMIC ABUNDANCE PROBES: THE FIRST DIRECT METALLICITY DETERMINATION OF NGC 4038 IN THE ANTENNAE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lardo, C.; Davies, B.; Kudritzki, R-P.; Gazak, J. Z.; Evans, C. J.; Patrick, L. R.; Bergemann, M.; Plez, B.

2015-01-01

We present a direct determination of the stellar metallicity in the close pair galaxy NGC 4038 (D = 20 Mpc) based on the quantitative analysis of moderate-resolution KMOS/Very Large Telescope spectra of three super star clusters. The method adopted in our analysis has been developed and optimized to measure accurate metallicities from atomic lines in the J-band of single red supergiant (RSG) or RSG-dominated star clusters. Hence, our metallicity measurements are not affected by the biases and poorly understood systematics inherent to strong line H ii methods, which are routinely applied to massive data sets of galaxies. We find [Z] = +0.07 ± 0.03 and compare our measurements to H ii strong line calibrations. Our abundances and literature data suggest the presence of a flat metallicity gradient, which can be explained as redistribution of metal-rich gas following the strong interaction

Interstellar scintillation of the double pulsar J0737–3039

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rickett, B. J.; Coles, W. A.; Nava, C. F. [ECE Dept., University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0407 (United States); McLaughlin, M. A. [West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505 (United States); Ransom, S. M. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903 (United States); Camilo, F. [National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo, PR 00612-8346 (United States); Ferdman, R. D.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G. [Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Freire, P. C. C. [Dept. of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8 (Canada); Stairs, I. H., E-mail: bjrickett@ucsd.edu [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 (Canada)

2014-06-01

We report a series of observations of the interstellar scintillation (ISS) of the double pulsar J0737–3039 over the course of 18 months. As in earlier work, the basic phenomenon is the variation in the ISS caused by the changing transverse velocities of each pulsar, the ionized interstellar medium (IISM), and the Earth. The transverse velocity of the binary system can be determined both by very long baseline interferometry and timing observations. The orbital velocity and inclination is almost completely determined from timing observations, but the direction of the orbital angular momentum is not known. Since the Earth's velocity is known, and can be compared with the orbital velocity by its effect on the timescale of the ISS, we can determine the orientation Ω of the pulsar orbit with respect to equatorial coordinates (Ω = 65 ± 2°). We also resolve the ambiguity (i = 88.°7 or 91.°3) in the inclination of the orbit deduced from the measured Shapiro delay by our estimate i = 88.°1 ± 0.°5. This relies on the analysis of the ISS over both frequency and time, and provides a model for the location, anisotropy, turbulence level, and transverse phase gradient of the IISM. We find that the IISM can be well-modeled during each observation, typically of a few orbital periods, but its turbulence level and mean velocity vary significantly over the 18 months.

Contextualising and Visualising Saints in the 14-15th century

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Horníčková, Kateřina

-, č. 62 (2011), s. 21-39 ISSN 1029-0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90090514 Keywords : medieval art * saints' representation * representation of place Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Technical evaluation report TMI action: NUREG-0737 (II.D.1) relief and safety valve testing,. Diablo Canyon Units 1 and 2 (Docket Nos. 50-275, 50-323)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, G.K.; Magleby, H.L.; Nalezny, C.L.

1984-07-01

Light water reactor operators have experienced a number of occurrences of improper performance of safety and relief valves installed in their primary coolant systems. Because of this, the authors of NUREG-0578 (TMI-2 Lessons Learned Task Status Report and Short-Term Recommendations) and subsequently NUREG-0737 (Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements) recommended that programs be developed and completed which would reevaluate the functional performance capabilities of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) safety, relief, and block valves and which would verify the integrity of the piping systems for normal, transient and accident conditions. This report provides the results of the review of these programs and their results by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and their consultant, EG and G Idaho, Inc. Specifically, this report has examined the response of the Licensee for Diablo Canyon Units 1 and 2, to the requirements of NUREG-0578 and NUREG-0737 and finds that the Licensee has provided an acceptable response, reconfirming that the General Design Criteria 14, 15 and 30 of Appendix A to 10 CRF 50 have been met. 18 refs

Dipyridamole Body Surface Potential Mapping: Noninvasive Differentiation of Syndrome X from Coronary Artery Disease

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Boudík, F.; Anger, Z.; Aschermann, M.; Vojáček, J.; Tomečková, Marie

2002-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 3 (2002), s. 181-191 ISSN 0022-0736 R&D Projects: GA MZd IZ4038 Keywords : body surface potential mapping * dipyridamole * coronary artery disease * syndrome X Subject RIV: BD - Theory of Information Impact factor: 0.599, year: 2002

Dubravius on Dürer

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Konečný, Lubomír

2009-01-01

Roč. 28, č. 4 (2009), s. 8-13 ISSN 0737-4453 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80330511 Keywords : Albrecht Dürer * Jan Dubravius * humanism Subject RIV: AL - Art, Architecture, Cultural Heritage

Free Energy Landscape of GAGA and UUCG RNA Tetraloops

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bottaro, S.; Banáš, Pavel; Sponer, Jiri; Bussi, G.

2016-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 20 (2016), s. 4032-4038 ISSN 1948-7185 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP208/12/1878 Institutional support: RVO:68081707 Keywords : molecular-dynamics simulations * amber force-field * secondary structure * nmr relaxation Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 9.353, year: 2016

A new route alpha-alkyl-alpha-fluoromethylenebisphosphonates

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Beier, Petr; Opekar, Stanislav; Zibinsky, M.; Bychinskaya, I.; Prakash, G. K. S.

2011-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 11 (2011), s. 4035-4038 ISSN 1477-0520 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP203/08/P310 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : fluorine * phosphonate * alkylation Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 3.696, year: 2011

A market-clearing classroom experiment

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Boháček, Radim

2002-01-01

Roč. 69, č. 1 (2002), s. 189-194 ISSN 0038-4038 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7085904 Keywords : market theory * experiments * prices Subject RIV: AH - Economics Impact factor: 0.391, year: 2002 http://search. ebscohost .com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=7344330&site=ehost-live

Twenty Years Lasting Interventional Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle Aged Men

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tomečková, M.; Boudík, F.; Zvárová, Jana; Zvára, Karel; Štefek, Martin; Bultas, J.

1997-01-01

Roč. 13, Suppl.B (1997), s. 127B ISSN 0828-282X. [International Conference on Preventive Cardiology /4./ jointly with Annual Meeting of The Council on Epidemiology and Prevention /37./. 29.06.1997-03.07.1997, Montréal] Grant - others:COPERNICUS(XE) 10013; IGA MZ CR(CZ) IZ4038

Experimental evidence of a nonlinear loss mechanism in highly doped Yb:LuAG crystal

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pirri, A.; Toci, G.; Nikl, Martin; Babin, Vladimir; Vannini, M.

2014-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 4 (2014), s. 4038-4049 ISSN 1094-4087 Grant - others:AVČR(CZ) M100100910 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : lasers and laser optics * rare earth and transition metal solid-state lasers * laser materials Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 3.488, year: 2014

Numerical simulation of flow in fluidized beds

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bauer, Petr; Beneš, M.; Fučík, R.; Dieu, H.H.; Klement, V.; Máca, R.; Mach, J.; Oberhuber, T.; Strachota, P.; Žabka, V.; Havlena, V.

2015-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 5 (2015), s. 833-846 ISSN 1937-1632 Institutional support: RVO:61388998 Keywords : Navier-Stokes equations * multi- phase flow * combustion * turbulence * reactive flow s Subject RIV: BK - Fluid Dynamics Impact factor: 0.737, year: 2015

Two new characterizations of universal integrals on the scale [ 0, 1

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Greco, S.; Mesiar, Radko; Rindone, F.

2014-01-01

Roč. 267, č. 1 (2014), s. 217-224 ISSN 0020-0255 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP402/11/0378 Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : universal integral * non-additive integral * fuzzy measure Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 4.038, year: 2014 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2014/E/mesiar-0432225.pdf

Electron Attachment to the Gas Phase DNA Bases Cytosine and Thymine

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Denifl, S.; Ptasiňska, S.; Probst, M.; Hrušák, Jan; Scheier, P.; Märk, T. D.

2004-01-01

Roč. 108, č. 31 (2004), s. 6562-6569 ISSN 1089-5639 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : gas-phase * cytosine * thymine Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.639, year: 2004

Multiphase volume-preserving interface motions via localized signed distance vector scheme

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Muhammad, R. Z.; Švadlenka, Karel

2015-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 5 (2015), s. 969-988 ISSN 1937-1632 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : multiphase mean curvature flow * vector-valued signed distance * volume preservation Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.737, year: 2015 http://www.aimsciences.org/journals/displayArticlesnew.jsp?paperID=11386

Fast computation of Krawtchouk moments

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Honarvar Shakibaei Asli, B.; Flusser, Jan

2014-01-01

Roč. 288, č. 1 (2014), s. 73-86 ISSN 0020-0255 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP103/11/1552 Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : Krawtchouk polynomial * Krawtchouk moment * Geometric moment * Impulse response * Fast computation * Digital filter Subject RIV: JD - Computer Applications, Robotics Impact factor: 4.038, year: 2014 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2014/ZOI/flusser-0432452.pdf

Approximate Bayesian recursive estimation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kárný, Miroslav

2014-01-01

Roč. 285, č. 1 (2014), s. 100-111 ISSN 0020-0255 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-13502S Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : Approximate parameter estimation * Bayesian recursive estimation * Kullback–Leibler divergence * Forgetting Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics, Operational Research Impact factor: 4.038, year: 2014 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2014/AS/karny-0425539.pdf

Feasibility Study of Commercial Sorbent in Coal-derived Syngas Desulfurization Field.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Chien, H.-Y.; Chyou, Y.-P.; Svoboda, Karel

2015-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 4 (2015), s. 236-242 ISSN 2078-0737 R&D Projects: GA ČR GC14-09692J Grant - others:MOST(TW) NSC 103-2923-E-042A-001 -MY3 Institutional support: RVO:67985858 Keywords : gasification * desulfurization * sorbent Subject RIV: CI - Industrial Chemistry, Chemical Engineering

Using net sacks to examine the relationship between egg size and young size in Common Pochards

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hořák, D.; Albrecht, Tomáš

2007-01-01

Roč. 78, č. 3 (2007), s. 334-339 ISSN 0273-8570 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA6093403; GA MŠk LC06073 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : Aythya ferina * life history * methodology * net sack * reproduction Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 0.737, year: 2007

Selected Ion Flow Tube, SIFT, Studies of the Reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+ with Eleven C10H16 Monoterpenes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Wang, T.; Španěl, Patrik; Smith, D.

2003-01-01

Roč. 228, - (2003), s. 117-126 ISSN 1387-3806 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/03/0827; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : SIFT * terpenes * proton transfer Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.361, year: 2003

A SIFT Study of the Reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+ with Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxyacetic Acid

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Španěl, Patrik; Diskin, A. M.; Wang, T.; Smith, D.

2003-01-01

Roč. 228, - (2003), s. 269-283 ISSN 1387-3806 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/03/0827; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : SIFT * hydrogen peroxide * peroxyacetic acid Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.361, year: 2003

A Selected Ion Flow Tube, SIFT, Study of the Ion Chemistry of H3O+, NO+ and O2+ Ions with Several Nitroalkanes in the Presence of Water Vapour

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dryahina, Kseniya; Polášek, Miroslav; Španěl, Patrik

2004-01-01

Roč. 239, č. 1 (2004), s. 57-65 ISSN 1387-3806 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/02/0737; GA ČR GA202/03/0827 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : SIFT * nitropropane * nitromethane Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.235, year: 2004

Quantification of Hydrogen Cyanine in Humid Air by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Španěl, Patrik; Wang, T.; Smith, D.

2004-01-01

Roč. 18, - (2004), s. 1869-1873 ISSN 0951-4198 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/00/0632; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : SIFT * MS * gas-phase * kinetics Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.750, year: 2004

Quantification of Volatile Compounds in the Headspace of Aqueous Liguids Using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Španěl, Patrik; Diskin, A. M.; Abbott, S. M.; Wang, T.; Smith, D.

2002-01-01

Roč. 16, - (2002), s. 2148-2153 ISSN 0951-4198 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/00/0632; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : mass spectrometry * SIFT-MS Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.372, year: 2002

Analysis of Petrol and Diesel Vapour and Vehicle Engine Exhaust Gases Using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Smith, D.; Cheng, P.; Španěl, Patrik

2002-01-01

Roč. 16, - (2002), s. 1124-1134 ISSN 0951-4198 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/00/0632; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : SIFT-MS * petrol * vehicle exhaust gas Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.372, year: 2002

A Selected Ion Flow Tube, SIFT, Study of the Reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+·áIons with Several N- and O-containing Heterocyclic Compounds in Support of SIFT-MS

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Wang, T.; Smith, D.; Španěl, Patrik

2004-01-01

Roč. 237, č. 1 (2004), s. 167-174 ISSN 1387-3806 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/03/0827; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : SIFT * heterocyclic s * SIFT-MS Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.235, year: 2004

Analysis of Ketones by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Smith, D.; Wang, T.; Španěl, Patrik

2003-01-01

Roč. 17, - (2003), s. 2655-2660 ISSN 0951-4198 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/03/0827; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : mass spectrometry * selected ion flow tube * ketones Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.789, year: 2003

Technical evaluation report TMI action - NUREG-0737 (II.D.1) relief and safety valve testing for Clinton Power Station Unit 1. (Docket No. 50-461)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burr, T.K.; Magleby, H.L.

1985-05-01

Light water reactors operators have experienced a number of occurrences of improper performance by safety and relief valves installed in their primary coolant systems. Because of this, the authors of NUREG-0578 (TMI-2 Lessons Learned Task Force Status Report and Short-Term Recommendations) recommended that programs be developed and completed which would reevaluate the performance capabilities of BWR safety and relief valves. This report has examined the response of the Licensee for the Clinton Power Station, Unit 1 to the requirements of NUREG-0578 and subsequently NUREG-0737 and finds that the Licensee has provided an acceptable response, reconfirming that the General Design Criteria 14, 15 and 30 of Appendix A to 10 CFR-50 have been met

Quantification of Acetaldehyde Released by Lung Cancer Cells in vintro Using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Smith, D.; Wang, T.; Sule-Suso, J.; Španěl, Patrik; El Haj, A.

2003-01-01

Roč. 17, - (2003), s. 845-850 ISSN 0951-4198 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/03/0827; GA ČR GA203/02/0737 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : stage ranal-failure * trace gas-analysis * quantitative-analysis Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.789, year: 2003

Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy] pyrimidines

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Balzarini, J.; Schols, D.; Van Laethem, K.; De Clercq, E.; Hocková, Dana; Masojídková, Milena; Holý, Antonín

2007-01-01

Roč. 59, č. 1 (2007), s. 80-86 ISSN 0305-7453 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1M0508; GA AV ČR IBS4055109; GA AV ČR 1QS400550501 Grant - others:ISEP/FORTIS(XE) GOA/2005/19 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : acyclic nucleoside phosphonates * antiretroviral drugs * HIV * MSV * PMEO-DAPy Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 4.038, year: 2007

HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE DETECTION OF THE DOUBLE PULSAR SYSTEM J0737–3039 IN THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durant, Martin; Kargaltsev, Oleg; Pavlov, George G.

2014-01-01

We report on detection of the double pulsar system J0737–3039 in the far-UV with the Advanced Camera for Surveys/Solar-blind Channel detector aboard Hubble Space Telescope. We measured the energy flux F = (4.6 ± 1.0) × 10 –17  erg cm –2 s –1 in the 1250-1550 Å band, which corresponds to the extinction-corrected luminosity L ≈ 1.5 × 10 28  erg s –1 for the distance d = 1.1 kpc and a plausible reddening E(B – V) = 0.1. If the detected emission comes from the entire surface of one of the neutron stars with a 13 km radius, the surface blackbody temperature is in the range T ≅ (2-5) × 10 5  K for a reasonable range of interstellar extinction. Such a temperature requires an internal heating mechanism to operate in old neutron stars, or, less likely, it might be explained by heating of the surface of the less energetic Pulsar B by the relativistic wind of Pulsar A. If the far-ultraviolet emission is non-thermal (e.g., produced in the magnetosphere of Pulsar A), its spectrum exhibits a break between the UV and X-rays

Herschel-spire Fourier transform spectrometer observations of excited CO and [C I] in the antennae (NGC 4038/39): Warm and cold molecular gas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schirm, Maximilien R. P.; Wilson, Christine D.; Parkin, Tara J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 (Canada); Kamenetzky, Julia; Glenn, Jason; Rangwala, Naseem [Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 (United States); Spinoglio, Luigi; Pereira-Santaella, Miguel [Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma (Italy); Baes, Maarten; De Looze, Ilse [Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent (Belgium); Barlow, Michael J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT (United Kingdom); Clements, Dave L. [Astrophysics Group, Imperial College, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Cooray, Asantha [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); Karczewski, Oskar Ł. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH (United Kingdom); Madden, Suzanne C.; Rémy-Ruyer, Aurélie; Wu, Ronin, E-mail: schirmmr@mcmaster.ca, E-mail: wilson@physics.mcmaster.ca [CEA, Laboratoire AIM, Irfu/SAp, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

2014-02-01

We present Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) observations of the Antennae (NGC 4038/39), a well-studied, nearby (22 Mpc), ongoing merger between two gas-rich spiral galaxies. The SPIRE-FTS is a low spatial ( FWHM ∼ 19''-43'') and spectral (∼1.2 GHz) resolution mapping spectrometer covering a large spectral range (194-671 μm, 450-1545 GHz). We detect five CO transitions (J = 4-3 to J = 8-7), both [C I] transitions, and the [N II] 205 μm transition across the entire system, which we supplement with ground-based observations of the CO J = 1-0, J = 2-1, and J = 3-2 transitions and Herschel Photodetecting Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) observations of [C II] and [O I] 63 μm. Using the CO and [C I] transitions, we perform both a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) analysis of [C I] and a non-LTE radiative transfer analysis of CO and [C I] using the radiative transfer code RADEX along with a Bayesian likelihood analysis. We find that there are two components to the molecular gas: a cold (T {sub kin} ∼ 10-30 K) and a warm (T {sub kin} ≳ 100 K) component. By comparing the warm gas mass to previously observed values, we determine a CO abundance in the warm gas of x {sub CO} ∼ 5 × 10{sup –5}. If the CO abundance is the same in the warm and cold gas phases, this abundance corresponds to a CO J = 1-0 luminosity-to-mass conversion factor of α{sub CO} ∼ 7 M {sub ☉} pc{sup –2} (K km s{sup –1}){sup –1} in the cold component, similar to the value for normal spiral galaxies. We estimate the cooling from H{sub 2}, [C II], CO, and [O I] 63 μm to be ∼0.01 L {sub ☉}/M {sub ☉}. We compare photon-dominated region models to the ratio of the flux of various CO transitions, along with the ratio of the CO flux to the far-infrared flux in NGC 4038, NGC 4039, and the overlap region. We find that the densities recovered from our non-LTE analysis are consistent with a

HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE DETECTION OF THE DOUBLE PULSAR SYSTEM J0737–3039 IN THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Durant, Martin [Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Hospital M6 623, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto M4N 3M5 (Canada); Kargaltsev, Oleg [Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052 (United States); Pavlov, George G., E-mail: mdurant@sri.utoronto.ca, E-mail: kargaltsev@email.gwu.edu, E-mail: pavlov@astro.psu.edu [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)

2014-03-01

We report on detection of the double pulsar system J0737–3039 in the far-UV with the Advanced Camera for Surveys/Solar-blind Channel detector aboard Hubble Space Telescope. We measured the energy flux F = (4.6 ± 1.0) × 10{sup –17} erg cm{sup –2} s{sup –1} in the 1250-1550 Å band, which corresponds to the extinction-corrected luminosity L ≈ 1.5 × 10{sup 28} erg s{sup –1} for the distance d = 1.1 kpc and a plausible reddening E(B – V) = 0.1. If the detected emission comes from the entire surface of one of the neutron stars with a 13 km radius, the surface blackbody temperature is in the range T ≅ (2-5) × 10{sup 5} K for a reasonable range of interstellar extinction. Such a temperature requires an internal heating mechanism to operate in old neutron stars, or, less likely, it might be explained by heating of the surface of the less energetic Pulsar B by the relativistic wind of Pulsar A. If the far-ultraviolet emission is non-thermal (e.g., produced in the magnetosphere of Pulsar A), its spectrum exhibits a break between the UV and X-rays.

100 million years of multigene family evolution: origin and evolution of the avian MHC class IIB

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Goebel, J.; Promerová, Marta; Bonadonna, F.; McCoy, K. D.; Serbielle, C.; Strandh, M.; Yannic, G.; Burri, R.; Fumagalli, L.

2017-01-01

Roč. 18, č. 460 (2017), s. 1-9 ISSN 1471-2164 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP505/10/1871 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Birds * Birth -death evolution * Concerted evolution * Gene duplication * Gene conversion * Major histocompatibility complex * Recombination Subject RIV: EG - Zoology OBOR OECD: Genetics and heredity (medical genetics to be 3) Impact factor: 3.729, year: 2016

100 million years of multigene family evolution: origin and evolution of the avian MHC class IIB

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Goebel, J.; Promerová, Marta; Bonadonna, F.; McCoy, K. D.; Serbielle, C.; Strandh, M.; Yannic, G.; Burri, R.; Fumagalli, L.

2017-01-01

Roč. 18, č. 460 (2017), s. 1-9 ISSN 1471-2164 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP505/10/1871 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Birds * Birth-death evolution * Concerted evolution * Gene duplication * Gene conversion * Major histocompatibility complex * Recombination Subject RIV: EG - Zoology OBOR OECD: Genetics and heredity (medical genetics to be 3) Impact factor: 3.729, year: 2016

The Evolution of Galaxies

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Palouš, Jan

2007-01-01

Roč. 17, - (2007), s. 34-40 ISSN 1220-5168. [Heliospere and galaxy. Sinaia, 03.05.2007-05.05.2007] R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC06014 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10030501 Keywords : ISM structure * stars formation * evolution of galaxies Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics

Evolution of Karyotypes in Chameleons

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rovatsos, M.; Altmanová, M.; Johnson Pokorná, Martina; Velenský, P.; Baca, A. S.; Kratochvíl, L.

2017-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 12 (2017), č. článku 382. ISSN 2073-4425 Institutional support: RVO:67985904 Keywords : karyotype evolution * ITS * rDNA Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Genetics and heredity (medical genetics to be 3) Impact factor: 3.600, year: 2016

EVALUASI KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA JASA PERPUSTAKAAN DAN ISSN PDII-LIPI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wahid Nashihuddin

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The purposes of this study are: (a determine the level of customer satisfaction in library and ISSN services; (b determine customers feedback in improving the quality of library and ISSN services. Type of data this study is quantitative. Data were collected by distributing Survei Kepuasan Masyarakat (SKM questionnaires. There are nine indicators in SKM: (1 compliance with the service requirements; (2 easy of servicing procedures; (3 the timeliness of service; (4 the suitability of the service charge; (5 product assurance services; (6 the competence of service personnel; (7 the behavior of the service personnel; (8 clear intimation of service; and (9 the handling of complaints, suggestions, and feedback of services. SKM questionnaire distributed to 60 respondents who have received services from the concierge of library and ISSN service. The data are interpreted with a frequency distribution table. Each indicator item in SKM has processed by the value/score of the class interval system. Results of this study indicated that the information service on library and ISSN are satisfactory of customer. The results based on customer survey uses nine indicators of SKM. Most respondents who become customers of the library and ISSN feel satisfied, the number of 43 respondents (71,7% said they were satisfied and 11 respondents (18,3% expressed great satisfaction with the services. If viewed from the service unit, there are 25 respondents (83,33% as a subscribers of library services and 18 respondents (60% as a ISSN customers whose are satisfied with the those services. However, despite on the results of SKM had been satisfaction, the institution must be to improve the quality system of services ongoing basis. This is done to reduce or eliminate various forms of complaints from customers.

Heme pathway evolution in kinetoplastid protists

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cenci, U.; Moog, D.; Curtis, B.A.; Tanifuji, G.; Eme, L.; Lukeš, Julius; Archibald, J.M.

2016-01-01

Roč. 16, MAY 18 (2016), č. článku 109. ISSN 1471-2148 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : heme * kinetoplastea * Paramoeba pemaquidensis * Perkinsela * evolution * endosymbiosis * Prokinetoplastina * lateral gene transfer Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 3.221, year: 2016

Evolution of parasitism in kinetoplastid flagellates

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lukeš, Julius; Skalický, Tomáš; Týč, Jiří; Votýpka, Jan; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav

2014-01-01

Roč. 195, č. 2 (2014), s. 115-122 ISSN 0166-6851 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.30.0032 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Evolution * Phylogeny * Vectors * Diversity * Parasitism * Trypanosome Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.787, year: 2014

Technical evaluation report - TMI action: NUREG-0737 (II.D.1) relief and safety valve testing for Grand Gulf Nuclear Station Unit No. 1 (Docket No. 50-416)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burr, T.K.; Nalezny, C.L.

1985-09-01

Light water reactors operators have experienced a number of occurrences of improper performance by safety and relief valves installed in their primary coolant systems. Because of this, the authors of NUREG-0578 (TMI-2 Lessons Learned Task Force Status Report and Short-Term Recommendations) recommended that programs be developed and completed which would reevaluate the performance capabilities of BWR safety and relief valves. This report provides the results of the review of these programs and their results by the NRC and their consultant, EG and G Idaho, Inc. Specifically, this report has examined the response of the Licensee for the Grand Gulf Nuclear Station, Unit 1 to the requirements of NUREG-0578 and subsequently NUREG-0737 and finds that the Licensee has provided an acceptable response, reconfirming that the General Design Criteria 14, 15 and 30 of Appendix A to 10 CFR-50 have been met

On uniqueness in evolution quasivariational inequalities

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Brokate, M.; Krejčí, Pavel; Schnabel, H.

2004-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 1 (2004), s. 111-130 ISSN 0944-6532 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1019905 Keywords : evolution quasivariational inequality * uniqueness * sweeping process Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.425, year: 2004 http://www.heldermann-verlag.de/jca/jca11/jca0386.pdf

Fishing-induced evolution of growth: concepts, mechanisms and the empirical evidence

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Enberg, K.; Jørgensen, C.; Dunlop, E. S.; Varpe, Ø.; Boukal S., David; Baulier, L.; Eliassen, S.; Heino, M.

2012-01-01

Roč. 33, č. 1 (2012), s. 1-25 ISSN 0173-9565 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50070508 Keywords : fisheries -induced evolution * fishing-induced evolution * growth Subject RIV: ED - Physiology Impact factor: 2.561, year: 2012 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00460.x/pdf

Selectivity of Nanocrystalline IrO2-Based Catalysts in Parallel Chlorine and Oxygen Evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kuznetsova, Elizaveta; Petrykin, Valery; Sunde, S.; Krtil, Petr

2015-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 2 (2015), s. 198-210 ISSN 1868-2529 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 214936 Institutional support: RVO:61388955 Keywords : iridium dioxide * oxygen evolution * chlorine evolution Subject RIV: CG - Electrochemistry Impact factor: 2.347, year: 2015

Chitosan catalyzes hydrogen evolution at mercury electrodes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Paleček, Emil; Římánková, Ludmila

2014-01-01

Roč. 44, JUL2014 (2014), s. 59-62 ISSN 1388-2481 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP301/11/2055 Institutional support: RVO:68081707 Keywords : Chitosan * Glucosamine-containing polymers * Catalytic hydrogen evolution Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 4.847, year: 2014

Prospects of Constraining the Dense Matter Equation of State from Timing Analysis of Pulsars in Double Neutron Star Binaries: The Cases of PSR J0737 ‒ 3039A and PSR J1757 ‒ 1854

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manjari Bagchi

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The Lense-Thirring effect from spinning neutron stars in double neutron star binaries contributes to the periastron advance of the orbit. This extra term involves the moment of inertia of the neutron stars. The moment of inertia, on the other hand, depends on the mass and spin of the neutron star, as well as the equation of state of the matter. If at least one member of the double neutron star binary (better the faster one is a radio pulsar, then accurate timing analysis might lead to the estimation of the contribution of the Lense-Thirring effect to the periastron advance, which will lead to the measurement of the moment of inertia of the pulsar. The combination of the knowledge on the values of the moment of inertia, the mass and the spin of the pulsar will give a new constraint on the equation of state. Pulsars in double neutron star binaries are the best for this purpose as short orbits and moderately high eccentricities make the Lense-Thirring effect substantial, whereas tidal effects are negligible (unlike pulsars with main sequence or white-dwarf binaries. The most promising pulsars are PSR J0737 − 3039A and PSR J1757 − 1854. The spin-precession of pulsars due to the misalignment between the spin and the orbital angular momentum vectors affect the contribution of the Lense-Thirring effect to the periastron advance. This effect has been explored for both PSR J0737 − 3039A and PSR J1757 − 1854, and as the misalignment angles for both of these pulsars are small, the variation in the Lense-Thirring term is not much. However, to extract the Lense-Thirring effect from the observed rate of the periastron advance, more accurate timing solutions including precise proper motion and distance measurements are essential.

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of mosquito parasitic Microsporidia (Microsporidia: Amblyosporidae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vossbrinck, C. R.; Andreadis, T.; Vávra, Jiří; Becnel, J. J.

2004-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 1 (2004), s. 88-95 ISSN 1066-5234 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6022909 Keywords : Microsporidia * molecular phylogeny * evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.403, year: 2004

Beyond the top of the volcano? A unified approach to electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Busch, M.; Halck, N. B.; Kramm, U. I.; Siehrostami, S.; Krtil, Petr; Rossmeisl, J.

2016-01-01

Roč. 29, NOV 2016 (2016), s. 126-135 ISSN 2211-2855 Institutional support: RVO:61388955 Keywords : hydrogen evolution * catalytic-activity * Electrocatalysis * Oxygen reduction * Oxygen evolution * Volcano * Density functional theory Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 12.343, year: 2016

Gene fragmentation: a key to mitochondrial genome evolution in Euglenozoa?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Flegontov, Pavel; Gray, M.W.; Burger, G.; Lukeš, Julius

2011-01-01

Roč. 57, č. 4 (2011), 225-232 ISSN 0172-8083 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : Euglena * Diplonema * Mitochondrial genome * RNA editing * Constructive neutral evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 2.556, year: 2011

Quasistatic isothermal evolution of shape memory alloys

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Frigeri, S.; Krejčí, Pavel; Stefanelli, U.

2011-01-01

Roč. 21, č. 12 (2011), s. 2409-2432 ISSN 0218-2025 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP201/10/2315 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : shape memory alloys * quasistatic evolution Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 1.635, year: 2011 http://www.worldscinet.com/m3as/21/2112/S0218202511005787.html

Pax genes in eye development and evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kozmik, Zbyněk

2005-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 4 (2005), s. 430-438 ISSN 0959-437X R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 1M0520; GA ČR(CZ) GA204/04/1358 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5052915 Keywords : paxpax * eye development * evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 9.361, year: 2005

First stars. II. Evolution with mass loss

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bahena, David; Hadrava, Petr

2012-01-01

Roč. 337, č. 2 (2012), s. 651-663 ISSN 0004-640X R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC506; GA ČR GA202/09/0772 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10030501 Keywords : first stars * evolution * mass loss Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics Impact factor: 2.064, year: 2012

A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fu, Q.; Mittnik, A.; Johnson, P. L. F.; Bos, K.; Lari, M.; Bollongino, R.; Sun, Ch.; Giemsch, L.; Schmitz, R.; Burger, J.; Ronchitelli, A. M.; Martini, F.; Cremonesi, R. G.; Svoboda, Jiří; Bauer, P.; Caramelli, D.; Castellano, S.; Reich, D.; Pääbo, S.; Krause, J.

2013-01-01

Roč. 23, April 8 (2013), s. 553-559 ISSN 0960-9822 Institutional support: RVO:68081758 Keywords : mitochondrial genome * human evolution * calibration Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Archaeology Impact factor: 9.916, year: 2013

Karyotype evolution in harvestmen of the suborder Cyphophthalmi (Opiliones)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Svojanovská, H.; Nguyen, Petr; Hiřman, M.; Tuf, I. H.; Wahab, R. A.; Haddad, C. R.; Šťáhlavský, F.

2016-01-01

Roč. 148, 2-3 (2016), s. 227-236 ISSN 1424-8581 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GP14-35819P Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : 18S rDNA * FISH * karyotype evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.354, year: 2016

The role of Pax genes in eye evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kozmik, Zbyněk

2008-01-01

Roč. 75, 2-4 (2008), s. 335-339 ISSN 0361-9230 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA500520604; GA MŠk(CZ) 1M0520 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50520514 Keywords : eye * Pax * evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 2.281, year: 2008

Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Late Cretaceous of Utah, USA

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Roček, Zbyněk; Eaton, J. G.; Gardner, J.; Přikryl, Tomáš

2010-01-01

Roč. 90, č. 4 (2010), s. 341-393 ISSN 1867-1594 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ME08066 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30130516 Keywords : Anura * evolution * Late Cretaceous * fossil frogs * stratigraphy * Utah Subject RIV: EG - Zoology

Evolution of learning and memory (a brief sketch)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Telenský, Petr

2007-01-01

Roč. 11, Suppl.2 (2007), s. 94-96 ISSN 1211-7579. [Celostátní konference biologické psychiatrie /13./. 06.06.2007-09.06.2007, Luhačovice] R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC554 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50110509 Keywords : cpr1 * learning * memory * evolution Subject RIV: FH - Neurology

Laboratory evolution of an epoxide hydrolase - Towards an enantioconvergent biocatalyst

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kotík, Michael; Archelas, A.; Faměrová, Veronika; Oubrechtová, Pavla; Křen, Vladimír

2011-01-01

Roč. 156, č. 1 (2011), s. 1-10 ISSN 0168-1656 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP207/10/0135 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50200510 Keywords : Directed evolution * Regioselectivity * Enantioconvergence Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 3.045, year: 2011

Cubozoan genome illuminates functional diversification of opsins and photoreceptor evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Liegertová, Michaela; Pergner, Jiří; Kozmiková, Iryna; Fabian, Peter; Pombinho, António R.; Strnad, Hynek; Pačes, Jan; Vlček, Čestmír; Bartůněk, Petr; Kozmik, Zbyněk

2015-01-01

Roč. 5, Jul 8 (2015) ISSN 2045-2322 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP305/10/2141; GA MŠk LO1220 Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : Cubozoan genome * opsins * photoreceptor * evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 5.228, year: 2015

Cascades of convergent evolution: The corresponding evolutionary histories of euglenozoans and dinoflagellates

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lukeš, Julius; Leander, B. S.; Keeling, P. J.

2009-01-01

Roč. 106, č. 1 (2009), s. 9963-9970 ISSN 0027-8424 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA204/09/1667; GA MŠk LC07032; GA MŠk 2B06129 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : comparative genomics * convergent evolution * dinoflagellates * Euglenozoa * mitochondria * molecular evolution * plastids * RNA editing * RNA editing Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 9.432, year: 2009

Armed reproductives: Evolution of the frontal gland in imagoes of Termitidae

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kutalová, Kateřina; Bourguignon, T.; Sillam-Dusses, D.; Hanus, Robert; Roisin, Y.; Šobotník, Jan

2013-01-01

Roč. 42, č. 4 (2013), s. 339-348 ISSN 1467-8039 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP506/10/1570 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 Keywords : alate * defence * Isoptera * morphological evolution Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 1.826, year: 2013

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cihlář, J.; Füssy, Z.; Horák, A.; Oborník, Miroslav

2016-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 11 (2016), e0166338 E-ISSN 1932-6203 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID * PLASTID EVOLUTION * EUGLENA-GRACILIS Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 2.806, year: 2016

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073 9990 East Cent. Afr. J. 9990 East Cent. Afr. J.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Hp 630 Dual Core

Serturner, B.Benjamin R.B: Evolution of opium and discovery of morphine. Annals of surgery, 1988. 17. Gushier C., W J. Meyers: Postoperative pain and Pulmonary Complications. A comparison of three Analgesic regimes. British Journal of surgery, 1955, 723: 495 8. 18. Joel katooz and Ronal Melzack: Pain measurement ...

Evolution of magnetic field inclination in a forming penumbra

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jurčák, Jan; Bello González, N.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Rezaei, R.

2014-01-01

Roč. 66, SP1 (2014), S3/1-S3/8 ISSN 0004-6264 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP209/12/0287; GA ČR(CZ) GA14-04338S Institutional support: RVO:67985815 Keywords : Sun * evolution * magnetic fields Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics Impact factor: 2.066, year: 2014

Amphioxus photoreceptors insights into the evolution of vertebrate opsins, vision and circadian rhythmicity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pergner, Jiří; Kozmik, Zbyněk

2017-01-01

Roč. 61, č. 10-12 (2017), s. 665-681 ISSN 0214-6282 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA17-15374S; GA MŠk(CZ) LM2015062; GA MŠk LO1419 Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : chordate * opsin evolution * photoreceptor * eye evolution * phototransduction Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Biology (theoretical, mathematical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), Evolutionary biology Impact factor: 1.981, year: 2016

Evolution of the serum resistance-associated SRA gene in African trypanosomes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lai, D. H.; Wang, Q.P.; Lukeš, Julius; Lun, Z.R.

2009-01-01

Roč. 54, č. 7 (2009), s. 1275-1278 ISSN 1001-6538 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2B06129 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : SRA * SRAbc * evolution * African trypanosomes Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 0.898, year: 2009

How genome size variation is linked with evolution within Chenopodium sensu lato

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mandák, Bohumil; Krak, Karol; Vít, Petr; Pavlíková, Zuzana; Lomonosova, M. N.; Habibi, Farzaneh; Lei, Wang; Jellen, E.N.; Douda, Jan

2016-01-01

Roč. 23, DEC 2016 (2016), s. 18-32 ISSN 1433-8319 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-02290S Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : Chenopodium * genome size evolution * flow cytometry Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 3.123, year: 2016

Molecular phylogeny, population genetics, and evolution of heterocystous cyanobacteria using nifH gene sequences

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Singh, P.; Singh, S. S.; Elster, Josef; Mishra, A. K.

2013-01-01

Roč. 250, č. 3 (2013), s. 751-764 ISSN 0033-183X Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : evolution * heterocystous cyanobacteria * nifH gene Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 3.171, year: 2013

Diet-microbe co-metabolic interactions in wild primates reveal clues on human evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gomez, A. M.; Rothman, J. M.; Petrželková, Klára Judita; Yeoman, C. J.; Vlčková, K.; Umana, J. D.; Carr, M.; Modrý, D.; Tod, A.; Nelson, K.; Stumpf, R. M.; Wilson, B. A.; White, B. A.; Leigh, S. R.

2015-01-01

Roč. 156, č. 60 (2015), s. 149 ISSN 0002-9483. [Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists /84./. 25.03.2015-28.03.2015, St Louis] Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : wild primates * human evolution Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology

Evolution and structural diversification of PILS putative auxin carriers in plants

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Feraru, E.; Vosolsobě, S.; Feraru, M.; Petrášek, Jan; Kleine-Vehn, J.

2012-01-01

Roč. 3, č. 227 (2012) ISSN 1664-462X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP305/11/2476 Institutional support: RVO:61389030 Keywords : PILS proteins * auxin * evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470039/pdf/fpls-03-00227.pdf

Galaxy Collisions, Gas Stripping and Star Formation in the Evolution of Galaxies

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Palouš, Jan

2006-01-01

Roč. 18, - (2006), s. 125-146 ISSN 0941-1445. [From Cosmological Structures to the Milky Way. Praha, 20.09.2004-25.09.2004] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10030501 Keywords : galaxies * evolution of galaxies * interstellar matter Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics

Microstructure evolution during cyclic tests on EUROFER 97 at room temperature. TEM observation and modelling

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Giordana, M. F.; Giroux, P. F.; Alvarez; Armas, I.; Sauzay, M.; Armas, A.; Kruml, Tomáš

2012-01-01

Roč. 550, JUL (2012), s. 103-111 ISSN 0921-5093 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : martensitic steels * softening behaviour * microstructural evolution * modelling Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics Impact factor: 2.108, year: 2012

Nonlinear evolution inclusions arising from phase change models

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Colli, P.; Krejčí, Pavel; Rocca, E.; Sprekels, J.

2007-01-01

Roč. 57, č. 4 (2007), s. 1067-1098 ISSN 0011-4642 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA201/02/1058 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : nonlinear and nonlocal evolution equations * Cahn-Hilliard type dynamics * phase transitions models Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.155, year: 2007 http://www.dml.cz/bitstream/handle/10338.dmlcz/128228/CzechMathJ_57-2007-4_2.pdf

Molecular bases for parallel evolution of translucent bracts in an alpine "glasshouse" plant Rheum alexandrae (Polygonaceae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Liu, B. B.; Opgenoorth, L.; Miehe, G.; Zhang, D.-Y.; Wan, D.-S.; Zhao, C.-M.; Jia, Dong-Rui; Liu, J.-Q.

2013-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 2 (2013), s. 134-141 ISSN 1674-4918 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : cDNA-AFLPs * parallel evolution * adaptations, mutations, diversity Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 1.648, year: 2013

ISSN Exercise & Sport Nutrition Review: Research & Recommendations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mendel Ron

2004-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Sport nutrition is a constantly evolving field with literally thousands of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training through nutrition. More specifically, this article discusses: 1. how to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 2. general nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 3. our current understanding of the available science behind weight gain, weight loss, and performance enhancement supplements. Our hope is that ISSN members find this review useful in their daily practice and consultation with their clients.

Almost periodic evolution systems with impulse action at state-dependent moments

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hakl, Robert; Pinto, M.; Tkachenko, V.; Trofimchuk, S.

2017-01-01

Roč. 446, č. 1 (2017), s. 1030-1045 ISSN 0022-247X Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : Wexler's almost periodic solution * evolution system * impulse action at variable times Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics OBOR OECD: Applied mathematics Impact factor: 1.064, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022247X16305273

Morphostructual evolution of the relief of the Rychlebské Mountains (SE Sudeten Mts, Czech Republic)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Štěpančíková, Petra

2007-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 1 (2007), s. 15-26 ISSN 1335-9541 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA205/06/1828 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30460519 Keywords : morphostructural evolution * neotectonics Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy

Rapid evolution of parental rDNA in a synthetic tobacco allotetraploid line

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Skalická, Kamila; Lim, K. Y.; Matyášek, Roman; Koukalová, Blažena; Leitch, A. R.; Kovařík, Aleš

2003-01-01

Roč. 90, č. 7 (2003), s. 988-996 ISSN 0002-9122 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA204/01/0313; GA ČR GA521/01/0037 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z5004920 Keywords : evolution * gene conversion * Nicotiana Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 2.373, year: 2003

SIMS and thermal evolution analysis of oxygen in Zr-1%Nb alloy after high-temperature transitions

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lorinčík, Jan; Klouček, V.; Negyesi, M.; Kabátová, J.; Novotný, L.; Vrtílková, V.

2011-01-01

Roč. 43, 1-2 (2011), s. 618-620 ISSN 0142-2421 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20670512 Keywords : SIMS * Thermal evolution analysis * Zirconium alloy Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 1.180, year: 2011

Focused directed evolution of beta-glucosidases: theoretical versus real effectiveness of a minimal working setup and simple robust screening

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mazura, P.; Filipi, T.; Souček, P.; Brzobohatý, Břetislav

2011-01-01

Roč. 346, č. 2 (2011), s. 238-242 ISSN 0008-6215 Institutional support: RVO:68081707 Keywords : Directed evolution * beta-Glucosidase * Mutagenesis Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 2.332, year: 2011

Evolution and metabolic significance of the urea cycle in photosynthetic diatoms

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Allen, A. E.; Dupont, Ch. L.; Oborník, Miroslav; Horák, Aleš; Nunes-Nesi, A.; McCrow, J. P.; Zheng, H.; Johnson, D. A.; Hu, H.; Fernie, A. R.; Bowler, Ch.

2011-01-01

Roč. 473, č. 7346 (2011), s. 203-209 ISSN 0028-0836 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/08/1423 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE * PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM * MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD * PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION * MOLECULAR EVOLUTION * SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT * DIVERGENCE TIMES * MARINE DIATOMS * MIXED MODELS * TREE Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 36.280, year: 2011

Evolution of Fe/S cluster biogenesis in the anaerobic parasite Blastocystis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tsaousis, A.D.; de Choudens, S. O.; Gentekaki, E.; Long, Shaojun; Gaston, D.; Stechmann, A.; Vinella, D.; Py, B.; Fontecave, M.; Barras, F.; Lukeš, Julius; Roger, A. J.

2012-01-01

Roč. 109, č. 26 (2012), s. 10426-10431 ISSN 0027-8424 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA204/09/1667; GA ČR(CZ) GAP305/11/2179 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : iron/sulfur cluster biosynthesis * lateral gene transfer * parasite evolution * sulfur-mobilization machinery * oxygen stress adaptation Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 9.737, year: 2012

Evolution of the apicoplast and its hosts: from heterotrophy to autotrophy and back again

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Oborník, Miroslav; Janouškovec, Jan; Chrudimský, Tomáš; Lukeš, Julius

2009-01-01

Roč. 39, č. 1 (2009), s. 1-12 ISSN 0020-7519 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/06/1439 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : Apicoplast * Apicomplexan * evolution * Chromera velia * GAPDH Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 3.819, year: 2009

The evolution of amphibian metamorphosis: insights based on the transformation of the aortic arches of Pelobates fuscus (Anura)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kolesová, H.; Lametschwandtner, A.; Roček, Zbyněk

2007-01-01

Roč. 210, č. 4 (2007), s. 379-393 ISSN 0021-8782 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30130516 Keywords : Anura * circulatory system * development * evolution * metamorphosis Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.547, year: 2007

Parasite histories and novel phylogenetic tools: alternative approaches to inferring parasite evolution from molecular markers

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hypša, Václav

2006-01-01

Roč. 36, č. 2 (2006), s. 141-155 ISSN 0020-7519 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/04/0520 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : molecular phylogeny * parasite evolution Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 3.337, year: 2006

Time evolution of the drop size distribution for liquid-liquid dispersion in an agitated tank

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šulc, R.; Kysela, Bohuš; Ditl, P.

2018-01-01

Roč. 72, č. 3 (2018), s. 543-553 ISSN 0366-6352 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA16-20175S Institutional support: RVO:67985874 Keywords : liquid–liquid dispersion * drop breakup * drop size distribution * time evolution Subject RIV: BK - Fluid Dynamics Impact factor: 1.258, year: 2016

Dynamics of second order in time evolution equations with state-dependent delay

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Chueshov, I.; Rezunenko, Oleksandr

123-124, č. 1 (2015), s. 126-149 ISSN 0362-546X R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP103/12/2431 Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : Second order evolution equations * State dependent delay * Nonlinear plate * Finite-dimensional attractor Subject RIV: BD - Theory of Information Impact factor: 1.125, year: 2015 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2015/AS/rezunenko-0444708.pdf

The ups and downs of genome size evolution in polyploid species of Nicotiana (Solanaceae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Leitch, I.J.; Hanson, L.; Lim, K.Y.; Kovařík, Aleš; Chase, M.W.; Clarkson, J.J.; Leitch, A.R.

2008-01-01

Roč. 101, č. 6 (2008), s. 805-814 ISSN 0305-7364 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA521/07/0116 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50040507; CEZ:AV0Z50040702 Keywords : genome size * allopolyploidy * evolution-Nicotiana Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 2.755, year: 2008

Morphology evolution during cooling of quiescent immiscible polymer blends: matrix crystallization effect on the dispersed phase coalescence

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dimzoski, Bojan; Fortelný, Ivan; Šlouf, Miroslav; Sikora, Antonín; Michálková, Danuše

2013-01-01

Roč. 70, č. 1 (2013), s. 263-275 ISSN 0170-0839 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA200500903 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40500505 Keywords : polymer blends * coalescence * morphology evolution Subject RIV: BJ - Thermodynamics Impact factor: 1.491, year: 2013

Cobalt-Embedded Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nanotubes Efficiently Catalyze Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Zou, X.; Huang, X.; Goswami, A.; Silva, R.; Sathe, B. R.; Mikmeková, Eliška; Asefa, T.

2014-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 17 (2014), s. 4372-4376 ISSN 1433-7851 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1212 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : carbon nanotubes * cobalt nanoparticles * electrocatalysis * hydrogen evolution reaction * water splitting Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 11.261, year: 2014

Macrobothriotaenia ficta (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of sunbeam snake (Xenopeltis unicolor): example of convergent evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Scholz, Tomáš; de Chambrier, A.; Kuchta, Roman; Littlewood, D. T. J.; Waeschenbach, A.

2013-01-01

Roč. 3640, č. 3 (2013), s. 485-499 ISSN 1175-5326 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP506/12/1632 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : morphology * scolex * multilocus phylogenetic analysis * convergent evolution * redescription * Ophidia * Xenopeltidae * South-East Asia Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.060, year: 2013

Phase structure evolution during mixing and processing of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) blends

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fortelný, Ivan; Ostafinska, Aleksandra; Michálková, Danuše; Jůza, Josef; Mikešová, Jana; Šlouf, Miroslav

2015-01-01

Roč. 72, č. 11 (2015), s. 2931-2947 ISSN 0170-0839 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA14-17921S; GA ČR GAP106/11/1069 Institutional support: RVO:61389013 Keywords : polymer blends * morphology evolution * poly( lactic acid ) Subject RIV: CD - Macromolecular Chemistry Impact factor: 1.371, year: 2015

The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - I. Chemical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Walch, S.; Girichidis, P.; Naab, T.; Gatto, A.; Glover, S.C.O.; Wünsch, Richard; Klessen, R.S.; Clark, P.C.; Peters, T.; Derigs, D.; Baczynski, C.

2015-01-01

Roč. 454, č. 1 (2015), s. 238-268 ISSN 0035-8711 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP209/12/1795 Institutional support: RVO:67985815 Keywords : magnetodydrodynamics * ISM clouds * ISM evolution Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy , Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics Impact factor: 4.952, year: 2015

Evolution of the solar wind proton temperature anisotropy from 0.3 to 2.5 AU

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matteini, L.; Landi, S.; Hellinger, Petr; Pantellini, F.; Maksimovic, M.; Velli, M.; Goldstein, B. E.; Marsch, E.

2007-01-01

Roč. 34, č. 20 (2007), L20105/1-L20105/5 ISSN 0094-8276 Grant - others:ASI(IT) I/015/07/0 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30420517 Keywords : Proton temperature anisotropy * solar wind * radial evolution * observations Subject RIV: BL - Plasma and Gas Discharge Physics Impact factor: 2.744, year: 2007

Convergent evolution of sunbird pollination systems of Impatiens species in tropical Africa and hummingbird systems of the New World

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Janeček, Štěpán; Bartoš, Michael; Njabo, K. Y.

2015-01-01

Roč. 115, č. 1 (2015), s. 127-133 ISSN 0024-4066 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP505/11/1617 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : Cameroon * co-evolution * pollination Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 1.984, year: 2015

Radial evolution of nonthermal electron populations in the low-latitude solar wind: Helios, Cluster, and Ulysses Observations

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Štverák, Štěpán; Maksimovic, M.; Trávníček, Pavel M.; Marsch, E.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Scime, E. E.

2009-01-01

Roč. 114, - (2009), A05104/1-A05104/15 ISSN 0148-0227 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30420517; CEZ:AV0Z10030501 Keywords : solar wind * radial evolution * non- thermal electron properties Subject RIV: BL - Plasma and Gas Discharge Physics Impact factor: 3.082, year: 2009

Evolution of moth sex pheromone composition by a single amino acid substitution in a fatty acid desaturase

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Buček, Aleš; Matoušková, P.; Vogel, H.; Šebesta, Petr; Jahn, Ullrich; Weissflog, J.; Svatoš, Aleš; Pichová, Iva

2015-01-01

Roč. 112, č. 41 (2015), s. 12586-12591 ISSN 0027-8424 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LO1302 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 Keywords : fatty acid desaturase * Manduca sexta * sex pheromone biosynthesis * pheromone evolution * substrate specificity Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 9.423, year: 2015

Evolution of rDNA in Nicotiana allopolyploids: A potential link between rDNa homogenization and epigenetics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kovařík, Aleš; Nešpor Dadejová, Martina; Lim, Y.K.; Chase, M.W.; Clarkson, J.J.; Knapp, S.; Leitch, A.R.

2008-01-01

Roč. 101, č. 6 (2008), s. 815-823 ISSN 0305-7364 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA521/07/0116 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50040507; CEZ:AV0Z50040702 Keywords : rDNA * allopolyploidy * evolution-Nicotiana Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 2.755, year: 2008

Non-instantaneous gas recycling and chemical evolution in N-body disk galaxies

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jungwiert, Bruno; Carraro, G.; Dalla Vecchia, C.

2004-01-01

Roč. 289, 3-4 (2004), s. 441-444 ISSN 0004-640X. [From observations to self-consistent modelling of the ISM in galaxies. Porto, 03.09.2002-05.09.2002] R&D Projects: GA ČR GP202/01/D075 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1003909 Keywords : N-body simulations * galaxy evolution * gas recycling Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics Impact factor: 0.597, year: 2004

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Cihlář, Jaromír; Füssy, Zoltán; Horák, Aleš; Oborník, Miroslav

2016-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 11 (2016), č. článku e0166338. E-ISSN 1932-6203 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP506/12/1522 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : delta aminolevulinic acid * plastid evolution * Euglena gracilis * gene transfer * diatom endosymbionts * Bigelowiella natans * chloroplast genome * sequence alignment * nuclear genomes * protein import Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 2.806, year: 2016

Testing the Formation Scenarios of Binary Neutron Star Systems with Measurements of the Neutron Star Moment of Inertia

Science.gov (United States)

Newton, William G.; Steiner, Andrew W.; Yagi, Kent

2018-03-01

Two low-mass (M slope of the nuclear symmetry energy L. We find that, if either J0737-3039B or the J1756-2251 companion were formed in a US-SN, no more than 0.06 M ⊙ could have been lost from the progenitor core. Furthermore, a measurement of the moment of inertia of J0737-3039A to within 10% accuracy can discriminate between formation scenarios and, given current constraints on the predicted core mass loss, potentially rule them out. Advanced LIGO can potentially measure the neutron star tidal polarizability to equivalent accuracy which, using the I-Love-Q relations, would obtain similar constraints on the formation scenarios. Such information would help constrain important aspects of binary evolution used for population synthesis predictions of the rate of binary neutron star mergers and resulting electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals. Further progress needs to be made in modeling the core-collapse process that leads to low-mass neutron stars, particularly in making robust predictions for the mass loss from the progenitor core.

Selected geomorphological methods assessing neotectonic evolution of the seismoactive Hronov-Poříčí Fault Zone

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Stejskal, Vladimír; Štěpančíková, Petra; Vilímek, V.

2006-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 1 (2006), s. 14-22 ISSN 1335-9541 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GD205/05/H020 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30460519 Keywords : Hronov-Poříčí Fault Zone * seismic activity * neotectonic evolution Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy

ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper is a five year update of the sports nutrition review article published as the lead paper to launch the JISSN in 2004 and presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training and athletic performance through nutrition. More specifically, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) The definitional category of ergogenic aids and dietary supplements; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated; 3.) How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4.) General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5.) An overview of our current understanding of the ergogenic value of nutrition and dietary supplementation in regards to weight gain, weight loss, and performance enhancement. Our hope is that ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition find this review useful in their daily practice and consultation with their clients.

ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mendel Ron

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper is a five year update of the sports nutrition review article published as the lead paper to launch the JISSN in 2004 and presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training and athletic performance through nutrition. More specifically, this paper provides an overview of: 1. The definitional category of ergogenic aids and dietary supplements; 2. How dietary supplements are legally regulated; 3. How to evaluate the scientific merit of nutritional supplements; 4. General nutritional strategies to optimize performance and enhance recovery; and, 5. An overview of our current understanding of the ergogenic value of nutrition and dietary supplementation in regards to weight gain, weight loss, and performance enhancement. Our hope is that ISSN members and individuals interested in sports nutrition find this review useful in their daily practice and consultation with their clients.

The Platonic Receptacle (Hypodoché), Whitehead’s Philosophy, and Genome Evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Svoboda, Jan; Svoboda, Jan

2017-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 12 (2017), s. 1-3, č. článku 381. ISSN 1999-4915 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 ; RVO:68378050 Keywords : Platonic receptacle * Whitehead’s argument * realization of ideas * present day genetics * genetic code * evolution changes Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion; EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology (UMG-J) OBOR OECD: Philosophy, History and Philosophy of science and technology; Virology (UMG-J) Impact factor: 3.465, year: 2016 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/12/381

Phylogeny, evolution and host-parasite relationships of the order Proteocephalidea (Eucestoda) as revealed by combined analysis and secondary structure characters

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hypša, Václav; Škeříková, Andrea; Scholz, Tomáš

2005-01-01

Roč. 130, č. 3 (2005), s. 359-371 ISSN 0031-1820 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KSK6005114 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : phylogeny * co-evolution * Proteocephalidea Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 1.703, year: 2005

Structure and evolution of Apetala3, a sex-linked gene in Silene latifolia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Čegan, Radim; Marais, G.A.B.; Kubeková, Hana; Blavet, N.; Widmer, A.; Vyskot, Boris; Doležel, Jaroslav; Šafář, Jan; Hobza, Roman

2010-01-01

Roč. 10, č. 180 (2010), s. 1-10 ISSN 1471-2229 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA522/09/0083; GA ČR(CZ) GD204/09/H002; GA AV ČR(CZ) KJB600040901 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50040507; CEZ:AV0Z50040702; CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Keywords : sex chromosomes evolution * Apetala3 * Silene Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 4.085, year: 2010

Evolution equation of Lie-type for finite deformations, time-discrete integration, and incremental methods

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fiala, Zdeněk

2015-01-01

Roč. 226, č. 1 (2015), s. 17-35 ISSN 0001-5970 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA103/09/2101 Institutional support: RVO:68378297 Keywords : solid mechanics * finite deformations * evolution equation of Lie-type * time-discrete integration Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics OBOR OECD: Statistics and probability Impact factor: 1.694, year: 2015 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00707-014-1162-9#page-1

Essential role of Bmp signaling and its positive feedback loop in the early cell fate evolution of chordates

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kozmiková, Iryna; Candiani, S.; Fabian, Peter; Gurská, Daniela; Kozmik, Zbyněk

2013-01-01

Roč. 382, č. 2 (2013), s. 538-554 ISSN 0012-1606 R&D Projects: GA ČR GCP305/10/J064; GA MŠk EE2.3.30.0027 Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : Bmp signaling * axial patterning * cell fate * chordates * evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 3.637, year: 2013

Protein evolution of Toll-like receptors 4, 5 and 7 within Galloanserae birds

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vinkler, M.; Bainová, H.; Bryja, Josef

2014-01-01

Roč. 46, č. 72 (2014), s. 72 ISSN 0999-193X R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP505/10/1871; GA MŠk EE2.3.20.0303 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : in-silico identification * ligand-binding domain * leucine-rich repeats * structural basis * positive selection * crystal-structure * messenger-RNA * functional characterization * molecular evolution * maximum-likelihood Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 3.821, year: 2014 http://www.gsejournal.org/content/46/1/72

Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787) — A Journal of Pharmacy Education and Practice

OpenAIRE

Keith A. Wilson; Yvonne Perrie

2013-01-01

Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787) — A journal of pharmacy education and practice is an international scientific open access journal on pharmacy education and practice, and is published by MDPI online quarterly. The practice of pharmacy is changing at an unprecedented rate as the profession moves from a focus upon preparation and supply of medicines to a clinical patient-facing role. While an understanding of the science related to medicines remains core to pharmacy education, the changes in practice ...

On the mechanism of hydrogen evolution catalysis by proteins: A case study with bovine serum albumin

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Doneux, T.; Ostatná, Veronika; Paleček, Emil

2011-01-01

Roč. 56, č. 25 (2011), s. 9337-9343 ISSN 0013-4686 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) ME09038; GA MŠk(CZ) LC06035 Grant - others:GA ČR(CZ) GAP301/11/2055 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50040507; CEZ:AV0Z50040702 Keywords : hydrogen evolution reaction * mediated catalysis * proton transfer Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 3.832, year: 2011

The Evolution of the FT/TFL1 Genes in Amaranthaceae and Their Expression Patterns in the Course of Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Chenopodium rubrum

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Drabešová, Jana; Černá, Lucie; Mašterová, Helena; Koloušková, Pavla; Potocký, Martin; Štorchová, Helena

2016-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 10 (2016), s. 3065-3076 ISSN 2160-1836 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1359; GA ČR GA13-02290S Institutional support: RVO:61389030 Keywords : rna-seq data * locus-t * ft homologs * functional evolution * floral initiation * reference genome * arabidopsis * protein * quantification * activation * transcriptome * flowering locus t * TERMINAL FLOWER1 gene family * evolution * flowering * gene rearrangement * Amaranthaceae * Chenopodium rubrum Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 2.861, year: 2016

Differentiation of sex chromosomes and karyotypic evolution in the eye-lid geckos (Squamata: Gekkota: Eublepharidae), a group with different modes of sex determination

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pokorná, M.; Rábová, Marie; Ráb, Petr; Kratochvíl, L.

2010-01-01

Roč. 18, č. 6 (2010), s. 748-748 ISSN 0967-3849. [19th International Colloquium on animal cytogenetics and gene mapping. 06.06.-09.06.2010, Krakow] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50450515 Keywords : sex chromosomes * karyotypic evolution * eye-lid geckos Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology

Gender analysis of use of participatory tools among extension workers

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(c2 = 0.833, p = 0.361; t = 0.737, p = 0.737, CC = 0.396) Participatory tools used by both male and female extension personnel include resource map, mobility map, transect map, focus group discussion, venn diagram, seasonal calendar, SWOT analysis, semistructured interview, daily activity schedule, resource analysis, ...

Concerted evolution rapidly eliminates sequence variation in rDNA coding regions but not in intergenic spacers in Nicotiana tabacum allotetraploid

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lunerová Bedřichová, Jana; Renny-Byfield, S.; Matyášek, Roman; Leitch, A.; Kovařík, Aleš

2017-01-01

Roč. 303, č. 8 (2017), s. 1043-1060 ISSN 0378-2697 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA17-11642S; GA ČR(CZ) GC16-02149J Institutional support: RVO:68081707 Keywords : Concerted evolution * Immunomodulation * Neutrophils Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Genetics and heredity (medical genetics to be 3) Impact factor: 1.239, year: 2016

The Carboniferous to Jurassic evolution of the pre-Alpine basement of Crete: Constraints from U-Pb and U-(Th)-Pb dating of orthogneiss, fission-track dating of zircon, structural and petrological data

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Romano, S. S.; Brix, M. R.; Dörr, K.; Fiala, Jiří; Krenn, E.; Zulauf, G.

2006-01-01

Roč. 260, - (2006), s. 69-90 ISSN 0375-6440 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30130516 Keywords : tectonic-evolution * Carboniferous * Jurassic * uranium-lead-dating * orthogneiss * fission-track-dating * zircon * structural-geology * petrology * metamorphism * high-temperature Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy

Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Tertiary and Quaternary of Europe, in the context of palaeoclimate and palaeogeography

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rage, J.C.; Roček, Zbyněk

2003-01-01

Roč. 24, č. 2 (2003), s. 133-167 ISSN 0173-5373 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA6013701 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z3013912 Keywords : Anura * evolution * Palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 0.417, year: 2003 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=3&hid=13&sid=290992f1-8204-46f5-8d76-b6960b2d1be8%40SRCSM1

Evolutionary relationships among cyst-forming coccidia Sarcocystis spp. (Alveolata: Apicomplexa: Coccidea) in endemic African tree vipers and perspective for evolution of heteroxenous life cycle

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šlapeta, Jan Roger; Modrý, David; Votýpka, Jan; Jirků, Milan; Lukeš, Julius; Koudela, Břetislav

2003-01-01

Roč. 27, č. 3 (2003), s. 464-475 ISSN 1055-7903 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA524/00/P015; GA AV ČR KSK6005114 Grant - others:GA FRVŠ(CZ) 1268/2001 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6022909 Keywords : coccidia * Sarcocystis * evolution Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 2.826, year: 2003

Chromosomal distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences as signs of evolution through chromosome fusion in six species of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera, Belostoma)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Chirino, M. G.; Dalíková, Martina; Marec, František; Bressa, M. J.

2017-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 14 (2017), s. 5227-5235 ISSN 2045-7758 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA17-13713S Grant - others:GA ČR(CZ) GA17-17211S Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : chromosomal fusion * interstitial telomeric repeats * karyotype evolution Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Genetics and heredity (medical genetics to be 3) Impact factor: 2.440, year: 2016 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.3098/full

The gynogenetic reproduction of diploid and triploid hybrid spined loaches (Cobitis: Teleostei), and their ability to establish successful clonal lineages - on the evolution of polyploidy in asexual vertebrates

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Janko, Karel; Bohlen, Jörg; Lamatsch, D.; Flajšhans, Martin; Epplen, J. T.; Ráb, Petr; Kotlík, Petr; Šlechtová, Věra

2007-01-01

Roč. 131, - (2007), s. 185-194 ISSN 0016-6707 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP206/05/P586 Grant - others:EU Marie Curie Research amd Training Network(EU) MCRTN-CT-2004-512492; German Research Foundation(DE) SFB 567 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50450515 Keywords : asexual reproduction * evolution of polyploidy * hybridisation Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.396, year: 2007

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

A 12 years old girl, first in birth order was brou right clavicular area. The swelling had been not in size gradually as the patient grew up with ag medical, surgical or family history of significa injury. On examination, the patient was of avera middle of right clavicle. The skin over the lum increased with abduction of the right.

The Mass Function of Young Star Clusters in the "Antennae" Galaxies.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang; Fall

1999-12-20

We determine the mass function of young star clusters in the merging galaxies known as the "Antennae" (NGC 4038/9) from deep images taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the refurbished Hubble Space Telescope. This is accomplished by means of reddening-free parameters and a comparison with stellar population synthesis tracks to estimate the intrinsic luminosity and age, and hence the mass, of each cluster. We find that the mass function of the young star clusters (with ages less, similar160 Myr) is well represented by a power law of the form psi&parl0;M&parr0;~M-2 over the range 104 less, similarM less, similar106 M middle dot in circle. This result may have important implications for our understanding of the origin of globular clusters during the early phases of galactic evolution.

Efficacy of Some Combination Regimens of Oral Hypoglycaemic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research July 2015; 14 (7): 1279-1284 ... Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, .... Overweight. 63. 40.38. Obesity. 45. 28.85. Co-morbidity. DM + Hypertension.

Relations between the galactic evolution and the stellar evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Audouze, J.

1984-01-01

After a quick definition of the galactic evolution and a summary of the basic ingredients (namely the abundances of the chemical elements observed in different astrophysical sites), the parameters directly related to the stellar evolution which govern the galactic evolution are outlined. They are the rates of star formation, the initial mass functions and the various nucleosynthetic yields. The 'classical' models of chemical evolution of galaxies are then briefly recalled. Finally, attention is drawn to three recent contributions concerning both the galactic evolution and the stellar evolution. They are (i) some prediction of the rate of star formation for low mass stars made from the planetary nebula abundance distribution (ii) the chemical evolution of C, O and Fe and (iii) the chemical evolution of the galactic interstellar medium. (Auth.)

78 FR 4038 - Critical Parts for Airplane Propellers

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-18

... manufacturers are not required to provide information concerning propeller critical part design, manufacture, or... engineering, manufacturing, and service management processes should provide clear information for propeller... manufacture critical parts for airplane propellers update their manuals to record engineering, manufacture...

Vývoj vědy jako evoluční boj idejí?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havlík, Vladimír

2016-01-01

Roč. 64, č. 1 (2016), s. 75-94 ISSN 0015-1831 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : evolution * epistemology * development of knowledge * universal evolution * conceptual evolution Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Clarification of TMI action plan requirements. Requirements for emergency response capability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-01-01

This document, Supplement 1 to NUREG-0737, is a letter from D. G. Eisenhut, Director of the Division of Licensing, NRR, to licensees of operating power reactors, applicants for operating licenses, and holders of construction permits forwarding post-TMI requirements for emergency response capability which have been approved for implementation. On October 30, 1980, the NRC staff issued NUREG-0737, which incorporated into one document all TMI-related items approved for implementation by the Commission at that time. In this NRC report, additional clarification is provided regarding Safety Parameter Display Systems, Detailed Control Room Design Reviews, Regulatory Guide 1.97 (Revision 2) - Application to Emergency Response Facilities, Upgrade of Emergency Operating Procedures, Emergency Response Facilities, and Meteorological Data

40 CFR 35.907 - Municipal pretreatment program.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... industrial survey as required by § 403.8 of this chapter including identification of system users, the... program; (4) A determination of technical information necessary to support development of an industrial waste ordinance or other means of enforcing pretreatment standards; (5) Design of a monitoring...

MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF GLOBULAR CLUSTER EVOLUTION. V. BINARY STELLAR EVOLUTION

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chatterjee, Sourav; Umbreit, Stefan; Rasio, Frederic A.; Fregeau, John M.

2010-01-01

We study the dynamical evolution of globular clusters containing primordial binaries, including full single and binary stellar evolution using our Monte Carlo cluster evolution code updated with an adaptation of the single and binary stellar evolution codes SSE and BSE from Hurley et al. We describe the modifications that we have made to the code. We present several test calculations and comparisons with existing studies to illustrate the validity of the code. We show that our code finds very good agreement with direct N-body simulations including primordial binaries and stellar evolution. We find significant differences in the evolution of the global properties of the simulated clusters using stellar evolution compared with simulations without any stellar evolution. In particular, we find that the mass loss from the stellar evolution acts as a significant energy production channel simply by reducing the total gravitational binding energy and can significantly prolong the initial core contraction phase before reaching the binary-burning quasi-steady state of the cluster evolution. We simulate a large grid of models varying the initial cluster mass, binary fraction, and concentration parameter, and we compare properties of the simulated clusters with those of the observed Galactic globular clusters (GGCs). We find that simply including stellar evolution in our simulations and assuming the typical initial cluster half-mass radius is approximately a few pc independent of mass, our simulated cluster properties agree well with the observed GGC properties such as the core radius and the ratio of the core radius to the half-mass radius. We explore in some detail qualitatively different clusters in different phases of their evolution and construct synthetic Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams for these clusters.

Effective Strategies for Teaching Evolution: The Primary Evolution Project

Science.gov (United States)

Hatcher, Chris

2015-01-01

When Chris Hatcher joined the Primary Evolution Project team at the University of Reading, his goal was to find effective strategies to teach evolution in a way that keeps children engaged and enthused. Hatcher has collaborated with colleagues at the University's Institute of Education to break the evolution unit down into distinct topics and…

Chemical evolution coefficients for the study of galactic evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mallik, D.C.V.

1980-01-01

A new evaluation of chemical evolution coefficients has been made using recent stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis data. The role of the low and intermediate mass stars in galactic nuclosynthesis has been emphasized. A significant amount of 4 He, 12 C and neutron-rich species is found to be contributed by these stars. Comparison with observed abundances suggests a primary origin of 14 N. The simple model of galactic evolution with the new coefficients has been used to derive the ratio of helium to heavy element enrichment in the Galaxy. The new stellar evolution data do not explain the large value of this ratio that has been determined observationally. (orig.)

Chemical evolution coefficients for the study of galactic evolution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mallik, D C.V. [Indian Inst. of Astrophysics, Bangalore

1980-05-01

A new evaluation of chemical evolution coefficients has been made using recent stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis data. The role of the low and intermediate mass stars in galactic nucleosynthesis has been emphasized. A significant amount of /sup 4/He, /sup 12/C and neutron-rich species is found to be contributed by these stars. Comparison with observed abundances suggests a primary origin of /sup 14/N. The simple model of galactic evolution with the new coefficients has been used to derive the ratio of helium to heavy element enrichment in the Galaxy. The new stellar evolution data do not explain the large value of this ratio that has been determined observationally.

Om religion og evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Geertz, Armin W.

2011-01-01

for kulturens kausale virkning på den menneskelige kognition og ikke mindst den hominine evolution. Ud fra, hvad vi ved om den menneskelige evolution, ses det, at den hominine evolution har en dybde, som sjældent medtænkes i teorier og hypoteser om den menneskelige evolution. Den menneskelige evolution er...

Teaching genetics prior to teaching evolution improves evolution understanding but not acceptance

Science.gov (United States)

Mead, Rebecca; Hejmadi, Momna

2017-01-01

What is the best way to teach evolution? As microevolution may be configured as a branch of genetics, it being a short conceptual leap from understanding the concepts of mutation and alleles (i.e., genetics) to allele frequency change (i.e., evolution), we hypothesised that learning genetics prior to evolution might improve student understanding of evolution. In the UK, genetics and evolution are typically taught to 14- to 16-y-old secondary school students as separate topics with few links, in no particular order and sometimes with a large time span between. Here, then, we report the results of a large trial into teaching order of evolution and genetics. We modified extant questionnaires to ascertain students’ understanding of evolution and genetics along with acceptance of evolution. Students were assessed prior to teaching, immediately post teaching and again after several months. Teachers were not instructed what to teach, just to teach in a given order. Regardless of order, teaching increased understanding and acceptance, with robust signs of longer-term retention. Importantly, teaching genetics before teaching evolution has a significant (p Teaching genetics first additionally had positive effects on genetics understanding, by increasing knowledge. These results suggest a simple, minimally disruptive, zero-cost intervention to improve evolution understanding: teach genetics first. This same alteration does not, however, result in a significantly increased acceptance of evolution, which reflects a weak correlation between knowledge and acceptance of evolution. Qualitative focus group data highlights the role of authority figures in determination of acceptance. PMID:28542179

Teaching genetics prior to teaching evolution improves evolution understanding but not acceptance.

Science.gov (United States)

Mead, Rebecca; Hejmadi, Momna; Hurst, Laurence D

2017-05-01

What is the best way to teach evolution? As microevolution may be configured as a branch of genetics, it being a short conceptual leap from understanding the concepts of mutation and alleles (i.e., genetics) to allele frequency change (i.e., evolution), we hypothesised that learning genetics prior to evolution might improve student understanding of evolution. In the UK, genetics and evolution are typically taught to 14- to 16-y-old secondary school students as separate topics with few links, in no particular order and sometimes with a large time span between. Here, then, we report the results of a large trial into teaching order of evolution and genetics. We modified extant questionnaires to ascertain students' understanding of evolution and genetics along with acceptance of evolution. Students were assessed prior to teaching, immediately post teaching and again after several months. Teachers were not instructed what to teach, just to teach in a given order. Regardless of order, teaching increased understanding and acceptance, with robust signs of longer-term retention. Importantly, teaching genetics before teaching evolution has a significant (p genetics was taught first. Teaching genetics first additionally had positive effects on genetics understanding, by increasing knowledge. These results suggest a simple, minimally disruptive, zero-cost intervention to improve evolution understanding: teach genetics first. This same alteration does not, however, result in a significantly increased acceptance of evolution, which reflects a weak correlation between knowledge and acceptance of evolution. Qualitative focus group data highlights the role of authority figures in determination of acceptance.

Comparison of implementation of selected TMI action plan requirements on operating plants designed by Babcock and Wilcox

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thoma, J.O.

1984-05-01

This report provides the results of a study conducted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff to compare the degree to which eight Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) designed licensed nuclear power plants have complied with the requirements in NUREG-0737, Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements. The eight licensed operating plants examined are as follows: Arkansas Nuclear One Unit 1 (ANO-1), Crystal River Unit 3, Davis Besse, Oconee Units 1, 2, and 3, Rancho Seco, and Three Mile Island Unit 1 (TMI-1). The purpose of this audit was to establish the progress of the TMI-1 licensee, General Public Utilities (GPU) Nuclear Corporation, in completing the long-term requirements in NUREG-0737 relative to the other B and W licensees examined

October, 2009 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nekky Umera

Biology, Chemistry and Economics in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were obtained. ... questions across the levels of the cognitive domain is concerned, WAEC and. NECO are ... in the process of collecting and packaging of the answer scripts. Following ... in this study, Olatunji used her own model of the levels of the cognitive.

January, 2010 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FIRST LADY

and Occupation. The issues raised, amongst others were promotion of non- ..... refer to social pressures that steer girls and young women towards career in traditionally ... productive resources and inadequate sharing of family responsibilities,.

January, 2010 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FIRST LADY

Technical and Vocational Education for a Future World of. Work (Pp ... The Nigeria's educational system during the colonial era was literal in nature and ..... Teachers at the primary school level should use the activity approach to provide for the ...

A new paradigma on the plant evolution: from a natural evolution to an artificial evolution?

Science.gov (United States)

Bennici, Andrea

2005-01-01

After evidencing the great importance of plants for animals and humans in consequence of the photosynthesis, several considerations on plant evolution are made. One of the peculiar characteristics of the plant is the sessile property, due especially to the cell wall. This factor, principally, strengthened by the photosynthetic process, determined the particular developmental pattern of the plant, which is characterized by the continuous formation of new organs. The plant immobility, although negative for its survival, has been, in great part, overcome by the acquisition of the capacity of adaptation (plasticity) to the environmental stresses and changes, and the establishment of more adapted genotypes. This capacity to react to the external signals induced Trewavas to speak of "plant intelligence". The plant movement incapacity and the evolution of the sexual reproduction system were strongly correlated. In this context, the evolution of the flower in the Angiosperms has been particularly important to allow the male gamete to fertilize the immobile female gamete. Moreover, the formation of fruit and seed greatly improved the dispersal and conservation of the progeny in the environment. With the flower, mechanisms to favour the outcrossing among different individuals appeared, which are essential to increase the genetic variability and, then, the plant evolution itself. Although the Angiosperms seem highly evolved, the plant evolution is not surely finished, because many reported morpho-physiological processes may be still considered susceptible of further improvement. In the last years the relationships among humans, plants and environment are becoming closer and closer. This is due to the use of the DNA recombinant techniques with the aim to modify artificially plant characters. Therefore, the risk of a plant evolution strongly directed towards practical or commercial objectives, or "an artificial evolution", may be hypothesized.

Inlet Geomorphology Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

2015-04-01

APR 2015 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2015 to 00-00-2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Inlet Geomorphology Evolution 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b...Std Z39-18 Coastal Inlets Research Program Inlet Geomorphology Evolution The Inlet Geomorphology Evolution work unit of the CIRP evaluates

[The motive force of evolution based on the principle of organismal adjustment evolution.].

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Jia-Shu

2010-08-01

From the analysis of the existing problems of the prevalent theories of evolution, this paper discussed the motive force of evolution based on the knowledge of the principle of organismal adjustment evolution to get a new understanding of the evolution mechanism. In the guide of Schrodinger's theory - "life feeds on negative entropy", the author proposed that "negative entropy flow" actually includes material flow, energy flow and information flow, and the "negative entropy flow" is the motive force for living and development. By modifying my own theory of principle of organismal adjustment evolution (not adaptation evolution), a new theory of "regulation system of organismal adjustment evolution involved in DNA, RNA and protein interacting with environment" is proposed. According to the view that phylogenetic development is the "integral" of individual development, the difference of negative entropy flow between organisms and environment is considered to be a motive force for evolution, which is a new understanding of the mechanism of evolution. Based on such understanding, evolution is regarded as "a changing process that one subsystem passes all or part of its genetic information to the next generation in a larger system, and during the adaptation process produces some new elements, stops some old ones, and thereby lasts in the larger system". Some other controversial questions related to evolution are also discussed.

Supershells: origin, evolution and fragmentation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Palouš, Jan; Ehlerová, Soňa

2000-01-01

Roč. 44, - (2000), s. 369-373 ISSN 1387-6473 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA205/97/0699; GA AV ČR KSK1003601 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1003909 Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics

Stellar evolution

CERN Document Server

Meadows, A J

2013-01-01

Stellar Evolution, Second Edition covers the significant advances in the understanding of birth, life, and death of stars.This book is divided into nine chapters and begins with a description of the characteristics of stars according to their brightness, distance, size, mass, age, and chemical composition. The next chapters deal with the families, structure, and birth of stars. These topics are followed by discussions of the chemical composition and the evolution of main-sequence stars. A chapter focuses on the unique features of the sun as a star, including its evolution, magnetic fields, act

Adaptability and evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Bateson, Patrick

2017-10-06

The capacity of organisms to respond in their own lifetimes to new challenges in their environments probably appeared early in biological evolution. At present few studies have shown how such adaptability could influence the inherited characteristics of an organism's descendants. In part, this has been because organisms have been treated as passive in evolution. Nevertheless, their effects on biological evolution are likely to have been important and, when they occurred, accelerated the pace of evolution. Ways in which this might have happened have been suggested many times since the 1870s. I review these proposals and discuss their relevance to modern thought.

Evolution: from cosmogenesis to biogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lukacs, B.; Berczi, Sz.; Molnar, I.; Paal, G.

1990-11-01

The volume contains the material of an interdisciplinary evolution symposium. The purpose was to shed some light on possible connections between steps of evolution of matter on different levels of organisation. The topics involved are as follow: cosmogenesis; galactic and stellar evolution; formation and evolution of the solar system; global atmospheric and tectonic changes of Earth; viral evolution; phylogeny and evolution of terrestrial life; evolution of neural system; hominization. The material also includes some discussions of the underlying phenomena and laws of nature. (author)

Has Human Evolution Stopped?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alan R. Templeton

2010-07-01

Full Text Available It has been argued that human evolution has stopped because humans now adapt to their environment via cultural evolution and not biological evolution. However, all organisms adapt to their environment, and humans are no exception. Culture defines much of the human environment, so cultural evolution has actually led to adaptive evolution in humans. Examples are given to illustrate the rapid pace of adaptive evolution in response to cultural innovations. These adaptive responses have important implications for infectious diseases, Mendelian genetic diseases, and systemic diseases in current human populations. Moreover, evolution proceeds by mechanisms other than natural selection. The recent growth in human population size has greatly increased the reservoir of mutational variants in the human gene pool, thereby enhancing the potential for human evolution. The increase in human population size coupled with our increased capacity to move across the globe has induced a rapid and ongoing evolutionary shift in how genetic variation is distributed within and among local human populations. In particular, genetic differences between human populations are rapidly diminishing and individual heterozygosity is increasing, with beneficial health effects. Finally, even when cultural evolution eliminates selection on a trait, the trait can still evolve due to natural selection on other traits. Our traits are not isolated, independent units, but rather are integrated into a functional whole, so selection on one trait can cause evolution to occur on another trait, sometimes with mildly maladaptive consequences.

A novel microbond bundle pullout technique to evaluate the ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

... pullout technique to evaluate the interfacial properties of fibre-reinforced plastic composites ... https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/boms/040/04/0737-0744. Keywords. Microbond bundle pullout test; carbon/epoxy; fibre-reinforced composites; ...

Quasars and galactic evolution

CERN Document Server

Woltjer, L

1978-01-01

The evolution of quasars is discussed. It is noted that substantial clustering may be present at faint magnitudes. The relationship between quasar evolution and galactic evolution is considered. (4 refs).

Schumpeter's Evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Esben Sloth

reworking of his basic theory of economic evolution in Development from 1934, and this reworking was continued in Cycles from 1939. Here Schumpeter also tried to handle the statistical and historical evidence on the waveform evolution of the capitalist economy. Capitalism from 1942 modified the model...

Darwinian evolution

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jagers op Akkerhuis, Gerard A.J.M.; Spijkerboer, Hendrik Pieter; Koelewijn, Hans Peter

2016-01-01

Darwinian evolution is a central tenet in biology. Conventionally, the defi nition of Darwinian evolution is linked to a population-based process that can be measured by focusing on changes in DNA/allele frequencies. However, in some publications it has been suggested that selection represents a

Cepheid evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, S.A.

1984-05-01

A review of the phases of stellar evolution relevant to Cepheid variables of both Types I and II is presented. Type I Cepheids arise as a result of normal post-main sequence evolutionary behavior of many stars in the intermediate to massive range of stellar masses. In contrast, Type II Cepheids generally originate from low-mass stars of low metalicity which are undergoing post core helium-burning evolution. Despite great progress in the past two decades, uncertainties still remain in such areas as how to best model convective overshoot, semiconvection, stellar atmospheres, rotation, and binary evolution as well as uncertainties in important physical parameters such as the nuclear reaction rates, opacity, and mass loss rates. The potential effect of these uncertainties on stellar evolution models is discussed. Finally, comparisons between theoretical predictions and observations of Cepheid variables are presented for a number of cases. The results of these comparisons show both areas of agreement and disagreement with the latter result providing incentive for further research

The Evolution of Musicality: What Can Be Learned from Language Evolution Research?

Science.gov (United States)

Ravignani, Andrea; Thompson, Bill; Filippi, Piera

2018-01-01

Language and music share many commonalities, both as natural phenomena and as subjects of intellectual inquiry. Rather than exhaustively reviewing these connections, we focus on potential cross-pollination of methodological inquiries and attitudes. We highlight areas in which scholarship on the evolution of language may inform the evolution of music. We focus on the value of coupled empirical and formal methodologies, and on the futility of mysterianism , the declining view that the nature, origins and evolution of language cannot be addressed empirically. We identify key areas in which the evolution of language as a discipline has flourished historically, and suggest ways in which these advances can be integrated into the study of the evolution of music.

The Evolution of Musicality: What Can Be Learned from Language Evolution Research?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Ravignani

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Language and music share many commonalities, both as natural phenomena and as subjects of intellectual inquiry. Rather than exhaustively reviewing these connections, we focus on potential cross-pollination of methodological inquiries and attitudes. We highlight areas in which scholarship on the evolution of language may inform the evolution of music. We focus on the value of coupled empirical and formal methodologies, and on the futility of mysterianism, the declining view that the nature, origins and evolution of language cannot be addressed empirically. We identify key areas in which the evolution of language as a discipline has flourished historically, and suggest ways in which these advances can be integrated into the study of the evolution of music.

Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 3

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Krisai-Greilhuber, I.; Chen, Y.; Jabeen, S.; Madrid, H.; Marincowitz, S.; Razaq, A.; Ševčíková, H.; Voglmayr, H.; Yazici, K.; Aptroot, A.; Aslan, A.; Boekhout, T.; Borovička, Jan; Crous, P.W.; Ilyas, S.; Jami, F.; Jiang, Y. L.; Khalid, A. N.; Kolecká, A.; Konvalinková, T.; Norphanphoun, C.; Shaheen, S.; Wang, Y.; Wingfield, M. J.; Wu, S. P.; Wu, Y. M.; Yu, J. Y.

2017-01-01

Roč. 36, 29 December 2017 (2017), s. 229-264 ISSN 0082-0598 Institutional support: RVO:67985831 Keywords : biodiversity * ITS varcodes * phylogeny * systematics Subject RIV: EF - Botanics OBOR OECD: Mycology Impact factor: 0.896, year: 2016

78 FR 43879 - Information Collection Request Submitted to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-22

... Pollution Prevention, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2012-0737; FRL-9534-7] Information Collection Request... Containment AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Environmental...

Rwanda Journal ISSN 2305-2678 (Print); ISSN 2305- 5944 (Online ...

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Education

Rwanda Journal, Series B: Social Sciences, Volume 4 No 1, 2017 33. Rwanda Journal .... The print media, the political parties manifestos, the official reports ..... and of psychological alienation from taboos by which it was surrounded by the ...

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Education

emotional organizational commitment and the job satisfaction and that association is stronger with ..... refers to the motivational aspect of the human resource management, i.e. with the release of a latent energy or the activation of a potential.

Rwanda Journal ISSN 2305-2678 (Print); ISSN 2305- 5944 (Online ...

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Education

Rwanda Journal, Series B: Social Sciences, Volume 4 No 1, 2017 62. Rwanda Journal ... constitution of men is different from that of women and that men are unable to ... share the same biological disposition driving sexual behaviors, then all could be ... gender roles (Brannon 1985; Brannon & Juni 1984), negative attitudes ...

(5), October, 2009 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083

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Nekky Umera

The study investigated the feeding habit and problems of the aged people in ... sample comprised of 150 elderly men and women from various occupational groups. ... accumulated wealth and so in poor position to maintain their standard of ... between 65-70 years. Twelve percent of them were between 71-75 years. The.

Galactic evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pagel, B.

1979-01-01

Ideas are considered concerning the evolution of galaxies which are closely related to those of stellar evolution and the origin of elements. Using information obtained from stellar spectra, astronomers are now able to consider an underlying process to explain the distribution of various elements in the stars, gas and dust clouds of the galaxies. (U.K.)

Evolution of complex dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Wilds, Roy; Kauffman, Stuart A.; Glass, Leon

2008-09-01

We study the evolution of complex dynamics in a model of a genetic regulatory network. The fitness is associated with the topological entropy in a class of piecewise linear equations, and the mutations are associated with changes in the logical structure of the network. We compare hill climbing evolution, in which only mutations that increase the fitness are allowed, with neutral evolution, in which mutations that leave the fitness unchanged are allowed. The simple structure of the fitness landscape enables us to estimate analytically the rates of hill climbing and neutral evolution. In this model, allowing neutral mutations accelerates the rate of evolutionary advancement for low mutation frequencies. These results are applicable to evolution in natural and technological systems.

SIMULATING MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE ANTENNAE GALAXIES

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kotarba, H.; Karl, S. J.; Naab, T.; Johansson, P. H.; Lesch, H.; Dolag, K.; Stasyszyn, F. A.

2010-01-01

We present self-consistent high-resolution simulations of NGC 4038/4039 (the A ntennae galaxies ) including star formation, supernova feedback, and magnetic fields performed with the N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) code GADGET, in which magnetohydrodynamics are followed with the SPH method. We vary the initial magnetic field in the progenitor disks from 10 -9 to 10 -4 G. At the time of the best match with the central region of the Antennae system, the magnetic field has been amplified by compression and shear flows to an equilibrium field value of ∼10 μG, independent of the initial seed field. These simulations are a proof of the principle that galaxy mergers are efficient drivers for the cosmic evolution of magnetic fields. We present a detailed analysis of the magnetic field structure in the central overlap region. Simulated radio and polarization maps are in good morphological and quantitative agreement with the observations. In particular, the two cores with the highest synchrotron intensity and ridges of regular magnetic fields between the cores and at the root of the southern tidal arm develop naturally in our simulations. This indicates that the simulations are capable of realistically following the evolution of the magnetic fields in a highly nonlinear environment. We also discuss the relevance of the amplification effect for present-day magnetic fields in the context of hierarchical structure formation.

78 FR 57146 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-17

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Constrained evolution in numerical relativity

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Matthew William

The strongest potential source of gravitational radiation for current and future detectors is the merger of binary black holes. Full numerical simulation of such mergers can provide realistic signal predictions and enhance the probability of detection. Numerical simulation of the Einstein equations, however, is fraught with difficulty. Stability even in static test cases of single black holes has proven elusive. Common to unstable simulations is the growth of constraint violations. This work examines the effect of controlling the growth of constraint violations by solving the constraints periodically during a simulation, an approach called constrained evolution. The effects of constrained evolution are contrasted with the results of unconstrained evolution, evolution where the constraints are not solved during the course of a simulation. Two different formulations of the Einstein equations are examined: the standard ADM formulation and the generalized Frittelli-Reula formulation. In most cases constrained evolution vastly improves the stability of a simulation at minimal computational cost when compared with unconstrained evolution. However, in the more demanding test cases examined, constrained evolution fails to produce simulations with long-term stability in spite of producing improvements in simulation lifetime when compared with unconstrained evolution. Constrained evolution is also examined in conjunction with a wide variety of promising numerical techniques, including mesh refinement and overlapping Cartesian and spherical computational grids. Constrained evolution in boosted black hole spacetimes is investigated using overlapping grids. Constrained evolution proves to be central to the host of innovations required in carrying out such intensive simulations.

Micro-droplet based directed evolution outperforms conventional laboratory evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sjostrom, Staffan L.; Huang, Mingtao; Nielsen, Jens

2014-01-01

We present droplet adaptive laboratory evolution (DrALE), a directed evolution method used to improve industrial enzyme producing microorganisms for e.g. feedstock digestion. DrALE is based linking a desired phenotype to growth rate allowing only desired cells to proliferate. Single cells are con...... a whole-genome mutated library of yeast cells for α-amylase activity....

Experimental evolution and the dynamics of adaptation and genome evolution in microbial populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Lenski, Richard E

2017-10-01

Evolution is an on-going process, and it can be studied experimentally in organisms with rapid generations. My team has maintained 12 populations of Escherichia coli in a simple laboratory environment for >25 years and 60 000 generations. We have quantified the dynamics of adaptation by natural selection, seen some of the populations diverge into stably coexisting ecotypes, described changes in the bacteria's mutation rate, observed the new ability to exploit a previously untapped carbon source, characterized the dynamics of genome evolution and used parallel evolution to identify the genetic targets of selection. I discuss what the future might hold for this particular experiment, briefly highlight some other microbial evolution experiments and suggest how the fields of experimental evolution and microbial ecology might intersect going forward.

A Genome Sequence-directed Investigation of D-Tagatose Utilization by Kosmotoga Olearia

Science.gov (United States)

Butzin, N. C.; Bradnan, D. M.; Noll, K. M.

2010-04-01

The research goals are to determine the pathway that Kosmotoga olearia uses tagatose, the roles of Kole_0686, Kole_0737 and Kole_1652 in this process, and the evolutionary history of the genes that encode the proteins involved in tagatose catabolism.

Contemporary evolution strategies

CERN Document Server

Bäck, Thomas; Krause, Peter

2013-01-01

Evolution strategies have more than 50 years of history in the field of evolutionary computation. Since the early 1990s, many algorithmic variations of evolution strategies have been developed, characterized by the fact that they use the so-called derandomization concept for strategy parameter adaptation. Most importantly, the covariance matrix adaptation strategy (CMA-ES) and its successors are the key representatives of this group of contemporary evolution strategies. This book provides an overview of the key algorithm developments between 1990 and 2012, including brief descriptions of the a

Speed of quantum evolution of entangled two qubits states: Local vs. global evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Curilef, S; Zander, C; Plastino, A R

2008-01-01

There is a lower bound for the 'speed' of quantum evolution as measured by the time needed to reach an orthogonal state. We show that, for two-qubits systems, states saturating the quantum speed limit tend to exhibit a small amount of local evolution, as measured by the fidelity between the initial and final single qubit states after the time τ required by the composite system to reach an orthogonal state. Consequently, a trade-off between the speed of global evolution and the amount of local evolution seems to be at work.

Statistical and physical evolution of QSO's

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caditz, D.; Petrosian, V.

1989-09-01

The relationship between the physical evolution of discrete extragalactic sources, the statistical evolution of the observed population of sources, and the cosmological model is discussed. Three simple forms of statistical evolution: pure luminosity evolution (PLE), pure density evolution (PDE), and generalized luminosity evolution (GLE), are considered in detail together with what these forms imply about the physical evolution of individual sources. Two methods are used to analyze the statistical evolution of the observed distribution of QSO's (quasars) from combined flux limited samples. It is shown that both PLE and PDE are inconsistent with the data over the redshift range 0 less than z less than 2.2, and that a more complicated form of evolution such as GLE is required, independent of the cosmological model. This result is important for physical models of AGN, and in particular, for the accretion disk model which recent results show may be inconsistent with PLE

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Obekpa (2001) view child abuse as any condition injurious to physical or emotional health that has been ... defines it as a non-accidental injury inflicted on a child by a parent or guardian. ... potential for or has actually caused serious emotional cognitive, mental or behavioral .... Child abuse and parenting styles in. Nigerian ...

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status on voting among Americans by formally modeling the effect of partisan government on ... incentives in deciding who and what party to vote for in any general elections. ... take care of the three lower level needs before making an attempt to meet these needs. .... Priming at the polls: Can polling place location influence ...

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core business and primary function of universities. Secondly, HEIs make a .... There is a traditional, liberal theory of the state which argues for a clear ..... interest in the matter to cloud his judgment, or if he is the same person who has reported a ...

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GSM: +2348035629290. Folarin, N. A. – Department of banking & Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo ... (1959), argue that the propagation of inflation is the result of incompatible .... The quantitative impact of monetary expansion and exchange rate.

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user

2010-06-10

Jun 10, 2010 ... THE LABOUR APPEAL COURT: COMMENTS ON KYLIE V CCMA 2010 4 SA 383 (LAC). 2011 VOLUME .... In the light of the fact that the employee was a sex worker, the CCMA Commissioner ruled that she did ..... workers are particularly vulnerable and are exposed to exploitation and vicious abuse,. 73.

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This contribution is based on research undertaken by the author in partial fulfilment of the ... Senior Lecturer, Department of Law, Faculty of. Humanities ..... approach in R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd 1985 50 CCC (3d) 1 (SCC) which was followed by.

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Chapter 2 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. 5 ... tional democracy. But even in ... These factors are, first, the court's exercise of constitu- .... A subsidiary constitutional statute may, in the third place, "extend protection beyond ... public involvement in the legislative and other processes of the Assembly and its.

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Okereke, Chinwe - Faculty of Education, Imo State University, Owerri. E-mail: ... students towards discovered eating. A sample of 300 ... disordered eating; they know little about the effects of disordered eating. There is a .... not eat when ill. Item 2 had a low ... consuming fast foods and trying unconventional diets. Their friends.

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Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info. An International ... The roles the classroom teachers would play and the challenges they would have to face in using ... implementation of computer education programme in Nigerian secondary schools. .... Computer has specially designed languages for operations. These are.

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4th UN Conference on LDCs Energy Services″ (Background Paper ..... Human Health, Natural Resources and Ecosystems Centre for International Sustainable ..... The adoption of the NFSD was the first step in mapping out the South African.

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neighbourhood, facilities for the restoration of declining areas as well as the recreation of ... beautification of monuments and structures, and city conservation among others. .... market, convention facility and convention hotels.Zone 2 will ...

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within and amongst the institutions for productivity and effectiveness. Keywords: ... a project to link all federal tertiary institutions in a countrywide electronic network named ... full-time, part-time, off-campus and distance education students. ... facilities, substantial online learning resources, inadequate funds and facilities ...

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The Southern African Development Community trade legal instruments compliance .... Cottier and Foltea 'Constitutional Functions of the WTO and Regional Trade ..... a prima facie case that NAFTA met the definition of an FTA under Article ...

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DETERMINING THE EFFECT (THE SOCIAL COSTS) OF EXCLUSION UNDER THE. SOUTH AFRICAN ... THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXCLUSIONARY RULE: SHOULD FACTUAL GUILT TILT ..... However, in the decision of Thint (Pty) Ltd v National Director of .... Even though the concept of "detriment" involves the making.

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Fissse en Bucy, sien Du Toit en Pienaar PER 2011 44-57. 9. Artikel 12.1(1) Criminal Code Act 1995. 10. Artikel 12.1(2) Criminal Code Act 1995. 11. Artikel 12.2 Criminal Code Act 1995. 12. Clough en Mulhern Prosecution of Corporations 139; Woolf 1997 Crim LJ 259-261; Wilkinson. 2003 Canterbury Law Review 173.

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Because of the high level of credence it enjoys, an attorney's ... attorney's trust account as a bank account into which to deposit criminal proceeds for .... of encompassing attorneys, who head the list of accountable institutions in Schedule 1. For.

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will be done by distinguishing the legal position relating to trust law from the law relating to .... imposes upon its bearer a duty to act in the best interest of the person or persons to whom the duty is owed. ..... Register of Internet sources. Cheadle ...

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To meet this challenge it is necessary to instill skills that ... This article discusses the teaching of first-generation students and how to overcome the existing ... 2.1 Student profile ... higher education, or a student who has a sibling at university. 5.

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The GSM subscribers on their part also face many problems, major of which is ... GSM revolution, mobile operators forced by fierce competition and market forces .... Many managers regard customers who complain in a negative light. In fact,.

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change that was brought about when the sentencing court considered Section ..... the duty of the state towards children, places a powerful obligation on the state to act. .... rights of the parents in order to protect the rights of the children. 3.2 .... time of the hearing, was convicted of fraud committed over a period of two years. 80.

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fundamental principles of Art and Design, the intellectual content of art is brought to bear on the .... The year 1915 to 1920 was a landmark in the history ..... Omotayo Aiyegbusi (b.1921-) who trained as a graphic artist in the USA and. Britain in ...

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pipe home water, electricity, medical services, regular transportation systems, among others. ... understand his position in the universe and his environment. For instance ... Control of Disease and Maintenance of Good Health: Science and ... may be prevented through early warning signals of troop or aircraft movement, air ...

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In this paper, both approaches (the aesthetic and the ethnological) are ... But, African sculptures became known in Europe only from about the end of the .... body', 'arts of the surrounding', and 'autonomous figurative arts'. It is in keeping ... The cultural diversity of the people of Africa inevitably stimulated to a diversity of art ...

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... SA 721 (CC). 3 See for example Cullinan 2006 www.health-e.org.za. ... staff at the health care facilities, both in terms of their number and the appropriate .... tools required for efficient service delivery (personal protective equipment and ... also revealed that many clinics 'did not even have such basic supplies as soap'. 53.

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The design of standards and the administration of discipline in general often involve an exercise .... administrative action, in order to qualify as just, must satisfy the requirements of ... with enabling legislation and with the rules of common law.

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intervened in private landlord-tenant relationships in a number of jurisdictions, ... private rental market in order to restrict rent increases and provide security of tenure. ..... 44 In 1914 only one per cent of the housing stock in Britain was council ...

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achieved through the accommodation of diversities of all kinds, granting ..... illiteracy rates through increased and renewed adult education, an increase of TVET ... budget. Table 2 shows a constant increase of education's share of the overall.

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statement of intent and resolve to overcome the burden of history but also an .... consolidated version of the Treaty and all its amendments can be accessed on ...... Financial Support for the Translation of the Content of the SADC Website into.

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The GSM subscribers on their part also face many problems, major of which is ... The primary source includes questionnaire and personal interaction. The secondary source ... Consumer/Subscriber Complaints-Implication and Consequences. Keaveney ... customs unpredictable clearance process and bad network of roads.

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study employs data from primary and secondary sources and use facility model and ... ports and foot paths); Storage facilities (Silos, Warehouse, cribs, open air .... Hospital, Ado, Dental Headquarters, Ado and Hospital Management Board.

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(as a non-legal subject) on the one hand, and women (as legal subjects) exercising their rights to ... rights, and affect the right to terminate a pregnancy in South Africa. This is reflected ..... to working conditions, detention or armed conflict.

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transformation it has brought to the development and building of a united South ... leadership in reinforcing the right to gender equality, it has done nothing more than .... left in respect of which the individual could exercise associational rights.

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2012-03-13

Mar 13, 2012 ... protect the rights of those likely to be affected. 4 .... geared towards the promotion of adequate social protection in the region. ..... management of SADC programmes, the implementation of decisions of SADC policy organs and .... services generally purchase a private health insurance policy or contribute ...

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4 See s A(3) of the Securities Regulation Code in Takeovers and Mergers for a .... relevance, if any, of the solvency and liquidity of the company embarking on a ..... The board must compare the value and the price with the consideration.

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the consideration of issues of race, gender and disability will no longer be required of ... racial spoils system" and to result in reverse discrimination. 4 ... inequalities but also to deal with existing inequalities within society - and having a.

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place the question is addressed how a monist or dualist approach regarding the ... humanitarian law, customary international law, and the law and practice of States. ... Law 171 et seq; Boothby 2006 Intervention 244-259; Cohn 1991 IJRL 100-111; ...... as victims because of their emotional, mental and intellectual immaturity.

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However, the proposed commercial treatment of traditional knowledge may also have legal consequences for the parties whose transactions have to do with traditional knowledge. One of the legal consequences that always merits attention in the commercial world is the tax liability of such parties, which may be affected by ...

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paper: Prof Elizabeth Cooke (Law Commission and University of Reading, UK), who facilitated .... hastily signed into force in 2004, an election year, amidst severe criticism. 13. Given its ... Good governance in the private (corporate) and public ..... because of our country's peculiar colonial past, South Africa has a registration.

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the context of which is a large body of jurisprudence, standard philosophy ... tension, slip, slide, perish,/Decay with imprecision, will not stay in place,/Will not stay ... fond of the dead language, Latin) and is very obviously still with us today, as is.

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evaluation feedback have on the students' performance of cognitive learning tasks in block .... re-examines his achievement in government. To evaluate ... that a student should be graded both in comparison with his own ability and in relation ...

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Louis Harms

DEMYSTIFICATION OF THE INQUISITORIAL SYSTEM ... beloved preconceptions as to how cases should be managed and trials run. Sometimes the police ... into a river. If she floats, it means that the Devil kept her floating and is on her side.

ISSN 2070-0083

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FIRST LADY

perceptual realists. It must be ... indigenous materials to forge ahead with the creative process. There is also a .... The human figure is often treated in a stylized or .... into series of lines and mass area while using textured ground. This is.

Anmeldelse af Evolution, Literature and Film

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grodal, Torben Kragh

2011-01-01

Diskussion af basisproblemer i evolutionær fiktionsteori med udgangspunkt i en anmeldelse af Evolution, Literature and Film......Diskussion af basisproblemer i evolutionær fiktionsteori med udgangspunkt i en anmeldelse af Evolution, Literature and Film...

Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 3

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Krisai-Greilhuber, I.; Chen, Y.; Jabeen, S.; Madrid, H.; Marincowitz, S.; Razaq, A.; Ševčíková, H.; Voglmayr, H.; Yazici, K.; Aptroot, A.; Aslan, A.; Boekhout, T.; Borovička, Jan; Crous, P. W.; Ilyas, S.; Jami, F.; Jiang, Y. L.; Khalid, A. N.; Kolecká, A.; Konvalinková, Tereza; Norphanphoun, C.; Shaheen, S.; Wang, Y.; Wingfield, M. J.; Wu, S. P.; Wu, Y. M.; Yu, J. Y.

2017-01-01

Roč. 69, č. 12 (2017), s. 229-264 ISSN 0082-0598 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 ; RVO:61388971 Keywords : biodiversity * ITS varcodes * phylogeny * systematics Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation; EE - Microbiology, Virology (MBU-M) OBOR OECD: Analytical chemistry; Mycology (MBU-M) Impact factor: 0.896, year: 2016

Evolution across the Curriculum: Microbiology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alita R. Burmeister

2016-05-01

Full Text Available An integrated understanding of microbiology and evolutionary biology is essential for students pursuing careers in microbiology and healthcare fields. In this Perspective, we discuss the usefulness of evolutionary concepts and an overall evolutionary framework for students enrolled in microbiology courses. Further, we propose a set of learning goals for students studying microbial evolution concepts. We then describe some barriers to microbial evolution teaching and learning and encourage the continued incorporation of evidence-based teaching practices into microbiology courses at all levels. Next, we review the current status of microbial evolution assessment tools and describe some education resources available for teaching microbial evolution. Successful microbial evolution education will require that evolution be taught across the undergraduate biology curriculum, with a continued focus on applications and applied careers, while aligning with national biology education reform initiatives.

Evolution across the Curriculum: Microbiology

Science.gov (United States)

Burmeister, Alita R.; Smith, James J.

2016-01-01

An integrated understanding of microbiology and evolutionary biology is essential for students pursuing careers in microbiology and healthcare fields. In this Perspective, we discuss the usefulness of evolutionary concepts and an overall evolutionary framework for students enrolled in microbiology courses. Further, we propose a set of learning goals for students studying microbial evolution concepts. We then describe some barriers to microbial evolution teaching and learning and encourage the continued incorporation of evidence-based teaching practices into microbiology courses at all levels. Next, we review the current status of microbial evolution assessment tools and describe some education resources available for teaching microbial evolution. Successful microbial evolution education will require that evolution be taught across the undergraduate biology curriculum, with a continued focus on applications and applied careers, while aligning with national biology education reform initiatives. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education PMID:27158306

Chemical evolution of galaxies

CERN Document Server

Matteucci, Francesca

2012-01-01

The term “chemical evolution of galaxies” refers to the evolution of abundances of chemical species in galaxies, which is due to nuclear processes occurring in stars and to gas flows into and out of galaxies. This book deals with the chemical evolution of galaxies of all morphological types (ellipticals, spirals and irregulars) and stresses the importance of the star formation histories in determining the properties of stellar populations in different galaxies. The topic is approached in a didactical and logical manner via galaxy evolution models which are compared with observational results obtained in the last two decades: The reader is given an introduction to the concept of chemical abundances and learns about the main stellar populations in our Galaxy as well as about the classification of galaxy types and their main observables. In the core of the book, the construction and solution of chemical evolution models are discussed in detail, followed by descriptions and interpretations of observations of ...

Stellar structure and evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kippernhahn, R.; Weigert, A.

1990-01-01

This book introduces the theory of the internal structure of stars and their evolution in time. It presents the basic physics of stellar interiors, methods for solving the underlying equations, and the most important results necessary for understanding the wide variety of stellar types and phenomena. The evolution of stars is discussed from their birth through normal evolution to possibly spectacular final stages. Chapters on stellar oscillations and rotation are included

Chemical evolution and life

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Malaterre Christophe

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In research on the origins of life, the concept of “chemical evolution” aims at explaining the transition from non-living matter to living matter. There is however strong disagreement when it comes to defining this concept more precisely, and in particular with reference to a chemical form of Darwinian evolution: for some, chemical evolution is nothing but Darwinian evolution applied to chemical systems before life appeared; yet, for others, it is the type of evolution that happened before natural selection took place, the latter being the birthmark of living systems. In this contribution, I review the arguments defended by each side and show how both views presuppose a dichotomous definition of “life”.

Dual phase evolution

CERN Document Server

Green, David G; Abbass, Hussein A

2014-01-01

This book explains how dual phase evolution operates in all these settings and provides a detailed treatment of the subject. The authors discuss the theoretical foundations for the theory, how it relates to other phase transition phenomena and its advantages in evolutionary computation and complex adaptive systems. The book provides methods and techniques to use this concept for problem solving. Dual phase evolution concerns systems that evolve via repeated phase shifts in the connectivity of their elements. It occurs in vast range of settings, including natural systems (species evolution, landscape ecology, geomorphology), socio-economic systems (social networks) and in artificial systems (annealing, evolutionary computing).

Analysis of the Science and Technology Preservice Teachers' Opinions on Teaching Evolution and Theory of Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Töman, Ufuk; Karatas, Faik Özgür; Çimer, Sabiha Odabasi

2014-01-01

In this study, we investigate of science and technology teachers' opinions about the theory of evolution and the evolution teaching. The aim of this study, we investigate of science and technology teachers' opinions about the theory of evolution and the evolution teaching. This study is a descriptive study. Open-ended questions were used to…

Inlet Geomorphology Evolution Work Unit

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-30

Coastal Inlets Research Program Inlet Geomorphology Evolution Work Unit The Inlet Geomorphology Evolution work unit of the CIRP develops methods...morphologic response. Presently, the primary tool of the Inlet Geomorphology Evolution work unit is the Sediment Mobility Tool (SMT), which allows the user

Toward Documentation of Program Evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vestdam, Thomas; Nørmark, Kurt

2005-01-01

The documentation of a program often falls behind the evolution of the program source files. When this happens it may be attractive to shift the documentation mode from updating the documentation to documenting the evolution of the program. This paper describes tools that support the documentatio....... It is concluded that our approach can help revitalize older documentation, and that discovery of the fine grained program evolution steps help the programmer in documenting the evolution of the program....

Student Visual Communication of Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Alandeom W.; Cook, Kristin

2017-06-01

Despite growing recognition of the importance of visual representations to science education, previous research has given attention mostly to verbal modalities of evolution instruction. Visual aspects of classroom learning of evolution are yet to be systematically examined by science educators. The present study attends to this issue by exploring the types of evolutionary imagery deployed by secondary students. Our visual design analysis revealed that students resorted to two larger categories of images when visually communicating evolution: spatial metaphors (images that provided a spatio-temporal account of human evolution as a metaphorical "walk" across time and space) and symbolic representations ("icons of evolution" such as personal portraits of Charles Darwin that simply evoked evolutionary theory rather than metaphorically conveying its conceptual contents). It is argued that students need opportunities to collaboratively critique evolutionary imagery and to extend their visual perception of evolution beyond dominant images.

modelling of directed evolution: Implications for experimental design and stepwise evolution

OpenAIRE

Wedge , David C.; Rowe , William; Kell , Douglas B.; Knowles , Joshua

2009-01-01

In silico modelling of directed evolution: Implications for experimental design and stepwise evolution correspondence: Corresponding author. Tel.: +441613065145. (Wedge, David C.) (Wedge, David C.) Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester - 131 Princess Street--> , Manchester--> , M1 7ND--> - UNITED KINGDOM (Wedge, David C.) UNITED KINGDOM (Wedge, David C.) Man...

Multicolour Observations, Inhomogeneity & Evolution

OpenAIRE

Hellaby, Charles

2000-01-01

We propose a method of testing source evolution theories that is independent of the effects of inhomogeneity, and thus complementary to other studies of evolution. It is suitable for large scale sky surveys, and the new generation of large telescopes. In an earlier paper it was shown that basic cosmological observations - luminosity versus redshift, area distance versus redshift and number counts versus redshift - cannot separate the effects of cosmic inhomogeneity, cosmic evolution and sourc...

Student Teachers' Approaches to Teaching Biological Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Borgerding, Lisa A.; Klein, Vanessa A.; Ghosh, Rajlakshmi; Eibel, Albert

2015-06-01

Evolution is fundamental to biology and scientific literacy, but teaching high school evolution is often difficult. Evolution teachers face several challenges including limited content knowledge, personal conflicts with evolution, expectations of resistance, concerns about students' conflicts with religion, and curricular constraints. Evolution teaching can be particularly challenging for student teachers who are just beginning to gain pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge related to evolution teaching and who seek approval from university supervisors and cooperating teachers. Science teacher educators need to know how to best support student teachers as they broach the sometimes daunting task of teaching evolution within student teaching placements. This multiple case study report documents how three student teachers approached evolution instruction and what influenced their approaches. Data sources included student teacher interviews, field note observations for 4-5 days of evolution instruction, and evolution instructional artifacts. Data were analyzed using grounded theory approaches to develop individual cases and a cross-case analysis. Seven influences (state exams and standards, cooperating teacher, ideas about teaching and learning, concerns about evolution controversy, personal commitment to evolution, knowledge and preparation for teaching evolution, and own evolution learning experiences) were identified and compared across cases. Implications for science teacher preparation and future research are provided.

The theory of evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oleg Bazaluk

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The book The Theory of Evolution: from the Space Vacuum to Neural Ensembles and Moving Forward, an edition of 100 copies, was published in Russian language, in December 2014 in Kiev. Its Russian version is here: http://en.bazaluk.com/journals.html. Introduction, Chapter 10 and Conclusion published in English for the first time. Since 2004 author have been researching in the field of theory of Evolution, Big History. The book was written on the base of analysis of more than 2000 primary sources of this research topic. The volume is 90,000 words (with Reference. The book is for a wide range of professionals, from students to professors and researchers working in the fields of: philosophical anthropology, philosophy, Big History, cosmology, biology, neuroscience and etc. In the book, the author defines the evolution as continuous and nonlinear complication of the structure of matter, the types of interaction and environments; analyzes existing in modern science and philosophy approaches to the research of the process of evolution, degree of development of the factors and causes of evolution. Unifying interdisciplinary researches of evolution in cosmology, biology, neuroscience and philosophy, the author presents his vision of the model of «Evolving Matter», which allows us to consider not only the laws of transition of space vacuum in neural ensembles but also to see our Universe as a complication, heterogeneous organization. Interdisciplinary amount of information on the theory of evolution is systematized and a new method of world perception is proposed in the book.

Evolution of Constructivism

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chu Chih; Chen, I Ju

2010-01-01

The contrast between social constructivism and cognitive constructivism are depicted in different ways in many studies. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the evolution of constructivism and put a focus on social constructivism from the perception of Vygotsky. This study provides a general idea of the evolution of constructivism for people…

Evolution and transitions in complexity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jagers op Akkerhuis, Gerard A.J.M.

2016-01-01

This book discusses several recent theoretic advancements in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary integration in the field of evolution. While exploring novel views, the text maintains a close link with one of the most broadly held views on evolution, namely that of "Darwinian evolution." This

THE PSEUDO-EVOLUTION OF HALO MASS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diemer, Benedikt; Kravtsov, Andrey V.; More, Surhud

2013-01-01

A dark matter halo is commonly defined as a spherical overdensity of matter with respect to a reference density, such as the critical density or the mean matter density of the universe. Such definitions can lead to a spurious pseudo-evolution of halo mass simply due to redshift evolution of the reference density, even if its physical density profile remains constant over time. We estimate the amount of such pseudo-evolution of mass between z = 1 and 0 for halos identified in a large N-body simulation, and show that it accounts for almost the entire mass evolution of the majority of halos with M 200ρ-bar ≲ 10 12 h -1 M ☉ and can be a significant fraction of the apparent mass growth even for cluster-sized halos. We estimate the magnitude of the pseudo-evolution assuming that halo density profiles remain static in physical coordinates, and show that this simple model predicts the pseudo-evolution of halos identified in numerical simulations to good accuracy, albeit with significant scatter. We discuss the impact of pseudo-evolution on the evolution of the halo mass function and show that the non-evolution of the low-mass end of the halo mass function is the result of a fortuitous cancellation between pseudo-evolution and the absorption of small halos into larger hosts. We also show that the evolution of the low-mass end of the concentration-mass relation observed in simulations is almost entirely due to the pseudo-evolution of mass. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the interpretation of the evolution of various scaling relations between the observable properties of galaxies and galaxy clusters and their halo masses.

Low rate of interchromosomal rearrangements during old radiation of gekkotan lizards (Squamata: Gekkota)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Johnson Pokorná, Martina; Trifonov, V. A.; Rens, W.; Ferguson-Smith, M. A.; Kratochvíl, L.

2015-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 2 (2015), s. 299-309 ISSN 0967-3849 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP506/10/0718 Institutional support: RVO:67985904 Keywords : genome evolution * geckos * chromosome painting * karyotype evolution Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.590, year: 2015

Plant domestication slows pest evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Turcotte, Martin M; Lochab, Amaneet K; Turley, Nash E; Johnson, Marc T J

2015-09-01

Agricultural practices such as breeding resistant varieties and pesticide use can cause rapid evolution of pest species, but it remains unknown how plant domestication itself impacts pest contemporary evolution. Using experimental evolution on a comparative phylogenetic scale, we compared the evolutionary dynamics of a globally important economic pest - the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) - growing on 34 plant taxa, represented by 17 crop species and their wild relatives. Domestication slowed aphid evolution by 13.5%, maintained 10.4% greater aphid genotypic diversity and 5.6% higher genotypic richness. The direction of evolution (i.e. which genotypes increased in frequency) differed among independent domestication events but was correlated with specific plant traits. Individual-based simulation models suggested that domestication affects aphid evolution directly by reducing the strength of selection and indirectly by increasing aphid density and thus weakening genetic drift. Our results suggest that phenotypic changes during domestication can alter pest evolutionary dynamics. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.

Oxygen evolution reaction catalysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haber, Joel A.; Jin, Jian; Xiang, Chengxiang; Gregoire, John M.; Jones, Ryan J.; Guevarra, Dan W.; Shinde, Aniketa A.

2016-09-06

An Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) catalyst includes a metal oxide that includes oxygen, cerium, and one or more second metals. In some instances, the cerium is 10 to 80 molar % of the metals in the metal oxide and/or the catalyst includes two or more second metals. The OER catalyst can be included in or on an electrode. The electrode can be arranged in an oxygen evolution system such that the Oxygen Evolution Reaction occurs at the electrode.

Sperm size evolution in African greenbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Omotoriogun, T. C.; Albrecht, Tomáš; Hořák, D.; Laskemoen, T.; Ottosson, U.; Rowe, M.; Sedláček, O.; Lifjeld, J. T.

2016-01-01

Roč. 117, č. 2 (2016), s. 337-349 ISSN 0024-4066 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : competition * diversification * evolutionary rate * phylogenetic signal * Pycnonotidae Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.288, year: 2016

American Muslim Undergraduates' Views on Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Fouad, Khadija Engelbrecht

2016-01-01

A qualitative investigation into American Muslim undergraduates' views on evolution revealed three main positions on evolution: theistic evolution, a belief in special creation of all species, and a belief in special creation of humans with evolution for all non-human species. One can conceive of the manner in which respondents chose their…

Expanding the Understanding of Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Musante, Susan

2011-01-01

Originally designed for K-12 teachers, the Understanding Evolution (UE) Web site ("www.understandingevolution.org") is a one-stop shop for all of a teacher's evolution education needs, with lesson plans, teaching tips, lists of common evolution misconceptions, and much more. However, during the past five years, the UE project team learned that…

Animal evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Claus

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of evolution in the animal kingdom. It reviews the classical, morphological information from structure and embryology, as well as the new data gained from studies using immune stainings of nerves and muscles and blastomere markings, which makes it possi......This book provides a comprehensive analysis of evolution in the animal kingdom. It reviews the classical, morphological information from structure and embryology, as well as the new data gained from studies using immune stainings of nerves and muscles and blastomere markings, which makes...

76 FR 52336 - Information Collection Requests to Office of Management and Budget

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-22

...-0094 and 1625- 0096] Information Collection Requests to Office of Management and Budget AGENCY: Coast... Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), requesting... docket number [USCG-2011-0737] to the Docket Management Facility (DMF) at the U.S. Department of...

Software architecture evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barais, Olivier; Le Meur, Anne-Francoise; Duchien, Laurence

2008-01-01

Software architectures must frequently evolve to cope with changing requirements, and this evolution often implies integrating new concerns. Unfortunately, when the new concerns are crosscutting, existing architecture description languages provide little or no support for this kind of evolution....... The software architect must modify multiple elements of the architecture manually, which risks introducing inconsistencies. This chapter provides an overview, comparison and detailed treatment of the various state-of-the-art approaches to describing and evolving software architectures. Furthermore, we discuss...... one particular framework named Tran SAT, which addresses the above problems of software architecture evolution. Tran SAT provides a new element in the software architecture descriptions language, called an architectural aspect, for describing new concerns and their integration into an existing...

Binary evolution and observational constraints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loore, C. de

1984-01-01

The evolution of close binaries is discussed in connection with problems concerning mass and angular momentum losses. Theoretical and observational evidence for outflow of matter, leaving the system during evolution is given: statistics on total masses and mass ratios, effects of the accretion of the mass gaining component, the presence of streams, disks, rings, circumstellar envelopes, period changes, abundance changes in the atmosphere. The effects of outflowing matter on the evolution is outlined, and estimates of the fraction of matter expelled by the loser, and leaving the system, are given. The various time scales involved with evolution and observation are compared. Examples of non conservative evolution are discussed. Problems related to contact phases, on mass and energy losses, in connection with entropy changes are briefly analysed. For advanced stages the disruption probabilities for supernova explosions are examined. A global picture is given for the evolution of massive close binaries, from ZAMS, through WR phases, X-ray phases, leading to runaway pulsars or to a binary pulsar and later to a millisecond pulsar. (Auth.)

Clarification of TMI action plan requirements. Technical report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-11-01

This document, NUREG-0737, is a letter from D.G. Eisenhut, Director of the Division of Licensing, NRR, to licensees of operating power reactors and applicants for operating licenses forwarding post-TMI requirements which have been approved for implementation. Following the accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2, the NRC staff developed the Action Plan, NUREG-0660, to provide a comprehensive and integrated plan to improve safety at power reactors. Specific items from NUREG-0660 have been approved by the Commission for implementation at reactors. In this NRC report, these specific items comprise a single document which includes additional information about schedules, applicability, method of implementation review, submittal dates, and clarification of technical positions. It should be noted that the total set of TMI-related actions have been collected in NUREG-0660, but only those items that the Commission has approved for implementation to date are included in this document, NUREG-0737

The fate of the Antennae galaxies

Science.gov (United States)

Lahén, Natalia; Johansson, Peter H.; Rantala, Antti; Naab, Thorsten; Frigo, Matteo

2018-04-01

We present a high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulation of the Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/4039) and follow the evolution 3 Gyr beyond the final coalescence. The simulation includes metallicity-dependent cooling, star formation, and both stellar feedback and chemical enrichment. The simulated best-match Antennae reproduce well both the observed morphology and the off-nuclear starburst. We also produce for the first time a simulated two-dimensional (2D) metallicity map of the Antennae and find good agreement with the observed metallicity of off-nuclear stellar clusters; however, the nuclear metallicities are overproduced by ˜0.5 dex. Using the radiative transfer code SKIRT, we produce multiwavelength observations of both the Antennae and the merger remnant. The 1-Gyr-old remnant is well fitted with a Sérsic profile of n = 7.07, and with an r-band effective radius of re = 1.6 kpc and velocity dispersion of σe = 180 km s-1 the remnant is located on the Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies (ETGs). The initially blue Antennae remnant evolves on to the red sequence after ˜2.5 Gyr of secular evolution. The remnant would be classified as a fast rotator, as the specific angular momentum evolves from λRe ≈ 0.11 to 0.14 during its evolution. The remnant shows ordered rotation and a double peaked maximum in the mean 2D line-of-sight velocity. These kinematical features are relatively common amongst local ETGs and we specifically identify three local ETGs (NGC 3226, NGC 3379, and NGC 4494) in the atlas3D sample, whose photometric and kinematic properties most resemble the Antennae remnant.

Understanding Collateral Evolution in Linux Device Drivers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Padioleau, Yoann; Lawall, Julia Laetitia; Muller, Gilles

2006-01-01

no tools to help in this process, collateral evolution is thus time consuming and error prone.In this paper, we present a qualitative and quantitative assessment of collateral evolution in Linux device driver code. We provide a taxonomy of evolutions and collateral evolutions, and use an automated patch......-analysis tool that we have developed to measure the number of evolutions and collateral evolutions that affect device drivers between Linux versions 2.2 and 2.6. In particular, we find that from one version of Linux to the next, collateral evolutions can account for up to 35% of the lines modified in such code....

Evolution of REP diversity: a comparative study

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Nunvář, Jaroslav; Lichá, I.; Schneider, Bohdan

2013-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 385 (2013) ISSN 1471-2164 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP305/12/1801 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50520701 Keywords : REP elements * Stenotrophomonas maltophilia * Pseudomonas fluorescens Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 4.041, year: 2013

Evolution, epigenetics and cooperation.

Science.gov (United States)

Bateson, Patrick

2014-04-01

Explanations for biological evolution in terms of changes in gene frequencies refer to outcomes rather than process. Integrating epigenetic studies with older evolutionary theories has drawn attention to the ways in which evolution occurs. Adaptation at the level of the gene is givingway to adaptation at the level of the organism and higher-order assemblages of organisms. These ideas impact on the theories of how cooperation might have evolved. Two of the theories, i.e. that cooperating individuals are genetically related or that they cooperate for self-interested reasons, have been accepted for a long time. The idea that adaptation takes place at the level of groups is much more controversial. However, bringing together studies of development with those of evolution is taking away much of the heat in the debate about the evolution of group behaviour.

Spectral evolution of galaxies: current views

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruzual, A.G.

1985-01-01

A summary of current views on the interpretation of the various evolutionary tests aimed at detecting spectral evolution in galaxies is presented. It is concluded that the evolution taking place in known galaxy samples is a slow process (perhaps consistent with no evolution at all), and that the early phases of rapid spectral evolution in early-type galaxies have not yet been detected. (author)

Antarctic bdelloid rotifers: diversity, endemism and evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Iakovenko, N. S.; Smykla, J.; Convey, P.; Kašparová, Eva; Kozeretska, I. A.; Trokhymets, V.; Dykyy, I.; Plewka, M.; Devetter, Miloslav; Duriš, Z.; Janko, Karel

2015-01-01

Roč. 761, č. 1 (2015), s. 5-43 ISSN 0018-8158 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KJB600450903; GA MŠk(CZ) LM2010009 Institutional support: RVO:67985904 ; RVO:60077344 Keywords : Bdelloidea * DNA taxonomy * Molecular biogeography Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 2.051, year: 2015

Physical Complexity and Cognitive Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Jedlicka, Peter

Our intuition tells us that there is a general trend in the evolution of nature, a trend towards greater complexity. However, there are several definitions of complexity and hence it is difficult to argue for or against the validity of this intuition. Christoph Adami has recently introduced a novel measure called physical complexity that assigns low complexity to both ordered and random systems and high complexity to those in between. Physical complexity measures the amount of information that an organism stores in its genome about the environment in which it evolves. The theory of physical complexity predicts that evolution increases the amount of `knowledge' an organism accumulates about its niche. It might be fruitful to generalize Adami's concept of complexity to the entire evolution (including the evolution of man). Physical complexity fits nicely into the philosophical framework of cognitive biology which considers biological evolution as a progressing process of accumulation of knowledge (as a gradual increase of epistemic complexity). According to this paradigm, evolution is a cognitive `ratchet' that pushes the organisms unidirectionally towards higher complexity. Dynamic environment continually creates problems to be solved. To survive in the environment means to solve the problem, and the solution is an embodied knowledge. Cognitive biology (as well as the theory of physical complexity) uses the concepts of information and entropy and views the evolution from both the information-theoretical and thermodynamical perspective. Concerning humans as conscious beings, it seems necessary to postulate an emergence of a new kind of knowledge - a self-aware and self-referential knowledge. Appearence of selfreflection in evolution indicates that the human brain reached a new qualitative level in the epistemic complexity.

A comparison of biological and cultural evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Portin, Petter

2015-03-01

This review begins with a definition of biological evolution and a description of its general principles. This is followed by a presentation of the biological basis of culture, specifically the concept of social selection. Further, conditions for cultural evolution are proposed, including a suggestion for language being the cultural replicator corresponding to the concept of the gene in biological evolution. Principles of cultural evolution are put forward and compared to the principles of biological evolution. Special emphasis is laid on the principle of selection in cultural evolution, including presentation of the concept of cultural fitness. The importance of language as a necessary condition for cultural evolution is stressed. Subsequently, prime differences between biological and cultural evolution are presented, followed by a discussion on interaction of our genome and our culture. The review aims at contributing to the present discussion concerning the modern development of the general theory of evolution, for example by giving a tentative formulation of the necessary and sufficient conditions for cultural evolution, and proposing that human creativity and mind reading or theory of mind are motors specific for it. The paper ends with the notion of the still ongoing coevolution of genes and culture.

A simple model for binary star evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whyte, C.A.; Eggleton, P.P.

1985-01-01

A simple model for calculating the evolution of binary stars is presented. Detailed stellar evolution calculations of stars undergoing mass and energy transfer at various rates are reported and used to identify the dominant physical processes which determine the type of evolution. These detailed calculations are used to calibrate the simple model and a comparison of calculations using the detailed stellar evolution equations and the simple model is made. Results of the evolution of a few binary systems are reported and compared with previously published calculations using normal stellar evolution programs. (author)

Damage initiation and evolution in silicon nitride under\

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Raga, R.; Khader, I.; Chlup, Zdeněk; Kailer, A.

360-361, AUG (2016), s. 147-159 ISSN 0043-1648 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 263476 - ROLICER Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Silicon nitride * Rollingcontactfatigue * Subsurface damage Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics Impact factor: 2.531, year: 2016

Mechanisms and evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jersáková, Jana; Johnson, S.D.; Kindlmann, Pavel

2006-01-01

Roč. 81, - (2006), s. 219-235 ISSN 1464-7931 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60870520 Keywords : cross-pollination * floral deception * geitonogamy * inbreeding * nectar * Orchidaceae * pollinaria * reward * self-pollination Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 5.565, year: 2006

Landscape Evolution Modelling-LAPSUS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baartman, J. E. M.; Temme, A. J. A. M.; Schoorl, J. M.; Claessens, L.; Viveen, W.; Gorp, W. van; Veldkamp, A.

2009-07-01

Landscape evolution modelling can make the consequences of landscape evolution hypotheses explicit and theoretically allows for their falsification and improvement. ideally, landscape evolution models (LEMs) combine the results of all relevant landscape forming processes into an ever-adapting digital landscape (e.g. DEM). These processes may act on different spatial and temporal scales. LAPSUS is such a LEM. Processes that have in different studies been included in LAPSUS are water erosion and deposition, landslide activity, creep, solidification, weathering, tectonics and tillage. Process descriptions are as simple and generic as possible, ensuring wide applicability. (Author) 25 refs.

Landscape Evolution Modelling-LAPSUS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baartman, J. E. M.; Temme, A. J. A. M.; Schoorl, J. M.; Claessens, L.; Viveen, W.; Gorp, W. van; Veldkamp, A.

2009-01-01

Landscape evolution modelling can make the consequences of landscape evolution hypotheses explicit and theoretically allows for their falsification and improvement. ideally, landscape evolution models (LEMs) combine the results of all relevant landscape forming processes into an ever-adapting digital landscape (e.g. DEM). These processes may act on different spatial and temporal scales. LAPSUS is such a LEM. Processes that have in different studies been included in LAPSUS are water erosion and deposition, landslide activity, creep, solidification, weathering, tectonics and tillage. Process descriptions are as simple and generic as possible, ensuring wide applicability. (Author) 25 refs.

Weathering and landscape evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Turkington, Alice V.; Phillips, Jonathan D.; Campbell, Sean W.

2005-04-01

In recognition of the fundamental control exerted by weathering on landscape evolution and topographic development, the 35th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium was convened under the theme of Weathering and Landscape Evolution. The papers and posters presented at the conference imparted the state-of-the-art in weathering geomorphology, tackled the issue of scale linkage in geomorphic studies and offered a vehicle for interdisciplinary communication on research into weathering and landscape evolution. The papers included in this special issue are encapsulated here under the general themes of weathering mantles, weathering and relative dating, weathering and denudation, weathering processes and controls and the 'big picture'.

Homeostasis: An underestimated focal point of-ecology and evolution

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Giordano, Mario

2013-01-01

Roč. 211, OCT 2013 (2013), s. 92-101 ISSN 0168-9452 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Acclimation * Adaptation * C allocation Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 4.114, year: 2013

Evolution algebras generated by Gibbs measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rozikov, Utkir A.; Tian, Jianjun Paul

2009-03-01

In this article we study algebraic structures of function spaces defined by graphs and state spaces equipped with Gibbs measures by associating evolution algebras. We give a constructive description of associating evolution algebras to the function spaces (cell spaces) defined by graphs and state spaces and Gibbs measure μ. For finite graphs we find some evolution subalgebras and other useful properties of the algebras. We obtain a structure theorem for evolution algebras when graphs are finite and connected. We prove that for a fixed finite graph, the function spaces have a unique algebraic structure since all evolution algebras are isomorphic to each other for whichever Gibbs measures are assigned. When graphs are infinite graphs then our construction allows a natural introduction of thermodynamics in studying of several systems of biology, physics and mathematics by theory of evolution algebras. (author)

Reticulate Evolution of the Rye Genome

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Martis, M.M.; Zhou, R.; Haseneyer, G.; Schmutzer, T.; Vrána, Jan; Kubaláková, Marie; Konig, S.; Kugler, K.G.; Scholz, U.; Hackauf, B.; Korzun, V.; Schon, C.C.; Doležel, Jaroslav; Bauer, E.; Mayer, K. F. X.; Stein, N.

2013-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 10 (2013), s. 3685-3698 ISSN 1040-4651 R&D Projects: GA ČR GBP501/12/G090 Grant - others:GA MŠk(CZ) ED0007/01/01 Program:ED Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Keywords : SECALE-CEREALE L. * CULTIVATED RYE * PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 9.575, year: 2013

Conical differentiability for evolution variational inequalities

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jarušek, Jiří; Krbec, Miroslav; Rao, M.; Sokolowski, J.

2003-01-01

Roč. 193, č. 1 (2003), s. 131-146 ISSN 0022-0396 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1075005; GA ČR GA201/01/1201 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1019905; CEZ:AV0Z1019905 Keywords : parabolic variational inequality * Lipschitz domain * tangent cone Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.862, year: 2003

Universal pacemaker of genome evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Snir, Sagi; Wolf, Yuri I; Koonin, Eugene V

2012-01-01

A fundamental observation of comparative genomics is that the distribution of evolution rates across the complete sets of orthologous genes in pairs of related genomes remains virtually unchanged throughout the evolution of life, from bacteria to mammals. The most straightforward explanation for the conservation of this distribution appears to be that the relative evolution rates of all genes remain nearly constant, or in other words, that evolutionary rates of different genes are strongly correlated within each evolving genome. This correlation could be explained by a model that we denoted Universal PaceMaker (UPM) of genome evolution. The UPM model posits that the rate of evolution changes synchronously across genome-wide sets of genes in all evolving lineages. Alternatively, however, the correlation between the evolutionary rates of genes could be a simple consequence of molecular clock (MC). We sought to differentiate between the MC and UPM models by fitting thousands of phylogenetic trees for bacterial and archaeal genes to supertrees that reflect the dominant trend of vertical descent in the evolution of archaea and bacteria and that were constrained according to the two models. The goodness of fit for the UPM model was better than the fit for the MC model, with overwhelming statistical significance, although similarly to the MC, the UPM is strongly overdispersed. Thus, the results of this analysis reveal a universal, genome-wide pacemaker of evolution that could have been in operation throughout the history of life.

Student Teachers' Approaches to Teaching Biological Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Borgerding, Lisa A.; Klein, Vanessa A.; Ghosh, Rajlakshmi; Eibel, Albert

2015-01-01

Evolution is fundamental to biology and scientific literacy, but teaching high school evolution is often difficult. Evolution teachers face several challenges including limited content knowledge, personal conflicts with evolution, expectations of resistance, concerns about students' conflicts with religion, and curricular constraints. Evolution…

Boussinesq evolution equations

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bredmose, Henrik; Schaffer, H.; Madsen, Per A.

2004-01-01

This paper deals with the possibility of using methods and ideas from time domain Boussinesq formulations in the corresponding frequency domain formulations. We term such frequency domain models "evolution equations". First, we demonstrate that the numerical efficiency of the deterministic...... Boussinesq evolution equations of Madsen and Sorensen [Madsen, P.A., Sorensen, O.R., 1993. Bound waves and triad interactions in shallow water. Ocean Eng. 20 359-388] can be improved by using Fast Fourier Transforms to evaluate the nonlinear terms. For a practical example of irregular waves propagating over...... a submerged bar, it is demonstrated that evolution equations utilising FFT can be solved around 100 times faster than the corresponding time domain model. Use of FFT provides an efficient bridge between the frequency domain and the time domain. We utilise this by adapting the surface roller model for wave...

Helicity evolution at small x

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovchegov, Yuri V.; Pitonyak, Daniel; Sievert, Matthew D.

2016-01-01

We construct small-x evolution equations which can be used to calculate quark and anti-quark helicity TMDs and PDFs, along with the g 1 structure function. These evolution equations resum powers of α s ln 2  (1/x) in the polarization-dependent evolution along with the powers of α s ln (1/x) in the unpolarized evolution which includes saturation effects. The equations are written in an operator form in terms of polarization-dependent Wilson line-like operators. While the equations do not close in general, they become closed and self-contained systems of non-linear equations in the large-N c and large-N c   N f limits. As a cross-check, in the ladder approximation, our equations map onto the same ladder limit of the infrared evolution equations for the g 1 structure function derived previously by Bartels, Ermolaev and Ryskin http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002880050285.

Formal Definitions of Unbounded Evolution and Innovation Reveal Universal Mechanisms for Open-Ended Evolution in Dynamical Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, Alyssa; Zenil, Hector; Davies, Paul C W; Walker, Sara Imari

2017-04-20

Open-ended evolution (OEE) is relevant to a variety of biological, artificial and technological systems, but has been challenging to reproduce in silico. Most theoretical efforts focus on key aspects of open-ended evolution as it appears in biology. We recast the problem as a more general one in dynamical systems theory, providing simple criteria for open-ended evolution based on two hallmark features: unbounded evolution and innovation. We define unbounded evolution as patterns that are non-repeating within the expected Poincare recurrence time of an isolated system, and innovation as trajectories not observed in isolated systems. As a case study, we implement novel variants of cellular automata (CA) where the update rules are allowed to vary with time in three alternative ways. Each is capable of generating conditions for open-ended evolution, but vary in their ability to do so. We find that state-dependent dynamics, regarded as a hallmark of life, statistically out-performs other candidate mechanisms, and is the only mechanism to produce open-ended evolution in a scalable manner, essential to the notion of ongoing evolution. This analysis suggests a new framework for unifying mechanisms for generating OEE with features distinctive to life and its artifacts, with broad applicability to biological and artificial systems.

Evolution of Things

OpenAIRE

Eiben, A. E.; Ferreira, N.; Schut, M.; Kernbach, S.

2011-01-01

Evolution is one of the major omnipresent powers in the universe that has been studied for about two centuries. Recent scientific and technical developments make it possible to make the transition from passively understanding to actively mastering evolution. As of today, the only area where human experimenters can design and manipulate evolutionary processes in full is that of Evolutionary Computing, where evolutionary processes are carried out in a digital space, inside computers, in simulat...

77 FR 4038 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-26

... hospitals. In 1999, the Institute of Medicine called for health care organizations to develop a ``culture of... respect to the quality, effectiveness, efficiency, appropriateness and value of healthcare services and... Exhibit 1 are based on an estimate of nursing homes submitting data in the coming years, with the...

Chromosome and genome size variation in Luzula (Juncaceae), a genus with holocentric chromosomes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bozek, M.; Leitch, A. R.; Leitch, I. J.; Záveská Drábková, Lenka; Kuta, E.

2012-01-01

Roč. 170, č. 4 (2012), s. 529-541 ISSN 0024-4074 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP206/07/P147 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : chromosomal evolution * endopolyploidy * holokinetic chromosome * karyotype evolution * tetraploides * centromeres * TRNF intergenic spacer Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 2.589, year: 2012

Bipteria vetusta n. sp. – an old parasite in an old host: tracing the origin of myxosporean parasitism in vertebrates

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kodádková, Alena; Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla; Holzer, Astrid S.; Fiala, Ivan

2015-01-01

Roč. 45, č. 4 (2015), s. 269-276 ISSN 0020-7519 R&D Projects: GA ČR GBP505/12/G112 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Myxosporean evolution * Molecular clock * Bipteria * Holocephali * Vertebrate host * Cartilaginous fish * Phylogeny * Co-evolution Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 4.242, year: 2015

Does rapid evolution matter? Measuring the rate of contemporary evolution and its impacts on ecological dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Ellner, Stephen P; Geber, Monica A; Hairston, Nelson G

2011-06-01

Rapid contemporary evolution due to natural selection is common in the wild, but it remains uncertain whether its effects are an essential component of community and ecosystem structure and function. Previously we showed how to partition change in a population, community or ecosystem property into contributions from environmental and trait change, when trait change is entirely caused by evolution (Hairston et al. 2005). However, when substantial non-heritable trait change occurs (e.g. due to phenotypic plasticity or change in population structure) that approach can mis-estimate both contributions. Here, we demonstrate how to disentangle ecological impacts of evolution vs. non-heritable trait change by combining our previous approach with the Price Equation. This yields a three-way partitioning into effects of evolution, non-heritable phenotypic change and environment. We extend the approach to cases where ecological consequences of trait change are mediated through interspecific interactions. We analyse empirical examples involving fish, birds and zooplankton, finding that the proportional contribution of rapid evolution varies widely (even among different ecological properties affected by the same trait), and that rapid evolution can be important when it acts to oppose and mitigate phenotypic effects of environmental change. Paradoxically, rapid evolution may be most important when it is least evident. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.

Dynamical Evolution of Ring-Satellite Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Ohtsuki, Keiji

2005-01-01

The goal of this research was to understand dynamical processes related to the evolution of size distribution of particles in planetary rings and application of theoretical results to explain features in the present rings of giant planets. We studied velocity evolution and accretion rates of ring particles in the Roche zone. We developed a new numerical code for the evolution of ring particle size distribution, which takes into account the above results for particle velocity evolution and accretion rates. We also studied radial diffusion rate of ring particles due to inelastic collisions and gravitational encounters. Many of these results can be also applied to dynamical evolution of a planetesimal disk. Finally, we studied rotation rates of moonlets and particles in planetary rings, which would influence the accretional evolution of these bodies. We describe our key accomplishments during the past three years in more detail in the following.

Kognition, evolution og Bibel

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Hans Jørgen Lundager

2012-01-01

En opfordring til, at Bibelvidneskaberne oprienterer sig i retning af aktuelle teorier om bio-kulturel evolution (Merlin Donald, aksetids-teori hos fx Robert Bellah)......En opfordring til, at Bibelvidneskaberne oprienterer sig i retning af aktuelle teorier om bio-kulturel evolution (Merlin Donald, aksetids-teori hos fx Robert Bellah)...

Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst

Science.gov (United States)

Subbaraman, Ram; Stamenkovic, Vojislav; Markovic, Nenad; Tripkovic, Dusan

2016-02-09

Systems and methods for a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst are provided. Electrode material includes a plurality of clusters. The electrode exhibits bifunctionality with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrode with clusters exhibits improved performance with respect to the intrinsic material of the electrode absent the clusters.

Evolution: Theory or Dogma?

Science.gov (United States)

Mayer, William V.

In this paper the author examines the question of whether evolution is a theory or a dogma. He refutes the contention that there is a monolithic scientific conspiracy to present evolution as dogma and suggests that his own presentation might be more appropriately entitled "Creationism: Theory or Dogma." (PEB)

The phylogeny and evolution of the genus Claviceps

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pažoutová, Sylvie

2001-01-01

Roč. 105, - (2001), s. 275-283 ISSN 0953-7562 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/97/0611 Institutional research plan: CEZ:A53/98:Z5-020-9ii Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 1.346, year: 2001

Factorizing the time evolution operator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia Quijas, P C; Arevalo Aguilar, L M

2007-01-01

There is a widespread belief in the quantum physical community, and textbooks used to teach quantum mechanics, that it is a difficult task to apply the time evolution operator e itH-hat/h on an initial wavefunction. Because the Hamiltonian operator is, generally, the sum of two operators, then it is not possible to apply the time evolution operator on an initial wavefunction ψ(x, 0), for it implies using terms like (a-hat + b-hat). A possible solution is to factorize the time evolution operator and then apply successively the individual exponential operator on the initial wavefunction. However, the exponential operator does not directly factorize, i.e. e a-hat+b-hat ≠ e a-hat e b-hat . In this study we present a useful procedure for factorizing the time evolution operator when the argument of the exponential is a sum of two operators, which obey specific commutation relations. Then, we apply the exponential operator as an evolution operator for the case of elementary unidimensional potentials, like a particle subject to a constant force and a harmonic oscillator. Also, we discuss an apparent paradox concerning the time evolution operator and non-spreading wave packets addressed previously in the literature

Molluscan shell evolution with review of shell calcification hypothesis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Furuhashi, T.; Schwarzinger, C.; Mikšík, Ivan; Smrž, Miloslav; Beran, A.

2009-01-01

Roč. 154, č. 3 (2009), s. 351-371 ISSN 1096-4959 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50110509 Keywords : mollusca * shell * biomineralization Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 1.607, year: 2009

Implementing recommendations for introductory biology by writing a new textbook.

Science.gov (United States)

Barsoum, Mark J; Sellers, Patrick J; Campbell, A Malcolm; Heyer, Laurie J; Paradise, Christopher J

2013-01-01

We redesigned the undergraduate introductory biology course by writing a new textbook (Integrating Concepts in Biology [ICB]) that follows first principles of learning. Our approach emphasizes primary data interpretation and the utility of mathematics in biology, while de-emphasizing memorization. This redesign divides biology into five big ideas (information, evolution, cells, emergent properties, homeostasis), addressing each at five levels of organization (molecules, cells, organisms, populations, ecological systems). We compared our course outcomes with two sections that used a traditional textbook and were taught by different instructors. On data interpretation assessments administered periodically during the semester, our students performed better than students in the traditional sections (p = 0.046) and exhibited greater improvement over the course of the semester (p = 0.015). On factual content assessments, our students performed similarly to students in the other sections (p = 0.737). Pre- and postsemester assessment of disciplinary perceptions and self-appraisal indicate that our students acquired a more accurate perception of biology as a discipline and may have developed a more realistic evaluation of their scientific abilities than did the control students (p biology.

The evolution of Lean organizations

OpenAIRE

Serafinas, Dalius; Ruželė, Darius

2014-01-01

Remiantis evoliucijos tyrimų modeliais bei autorių sudarytu evoliucionuojančios organizacijos modeliu,straipsnyje analizuojama Lean vadybos metodologija ir tiriama, kaip evoliucionuoja ją įgyvendinančios Lietuvosgamybinės organizacijos. The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of Lean organizations.Design/methodology/approach: a conceptual literature on the evolution of species, organisms and organizations was reviewed and an original model (framework) of the evolution of orga...

Chromosomal Evolution in Chiroptera.

Science.gov (United States)

Sotero-Caio, Cibele G; Baker, Robert J; Volleth, Marianne

2017-10-13

Chiroptera is the second largest order among mammals, with over 1300 species in 21 extant families. The group is extremely diverse in several aspects of its natural history, including dietary strategies, ecology, behavior and morphology. Bat genomes show ample chromosome diversity (from 2n = 14 to 62). As with other mammalian orders, Chiroptera is characterized by clades with low, moderate and extreme chromosomal change. In this article, we will discuss trends of karyotypic evolution within distinct bat lineages (especially Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae), focusing on two perspectives: evolution of genome architecture, modes of chromosomal evolution, and the use of chromosome data to resolve taxonomic problems.

Chromosomal Evolution in Chiroptera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cibele G. Sotero-Caio

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Chiroptera is the second largest order among mammals, with over 1300 species in 21 extant families. The group is extremely diverse in several aspects of its natural history, including dietary strategies, ecology, behavior and morphology. Bat genomes show ample chromosome diversity (from 2n = 14 to 62. As with other mammalian orders, Chiroptera is characterized by clades with low, moderate and extreme chromosomal change. In this article, we will discuss trends of karyotypic evolution within distinct bat lineages (especially Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae, focusing on two perspectives: evolution of genome architecture, modes of chromosomal evolution, and the use of chromosome data to resolve taxonomic problems.

Rethinking the evolution of specialization: A model for the evolution of phenotypic heterogeneity.

Science.gov (United States)

Rubin, Ilan N; Doebeli, Michael

2017-12-21

Phenotypic heterogeneity refers to genetically identical individuals that express different phenotypes, even when in the same environment. Traditionally, "bet-hedging" in fluctuating environments is offered as the explanation for the evolution of phenotypic heterogeneity. However, there are an increasing number of examples of microbial populations that display phenotypic heterogeneity in stable environments. Here we present an evolutionary model of phenotypic heterogeneity of microbial metabolism and a resultant theory for the evolution of phenotypic versus genetic specialization. We use two-dimensional adaptive dynamics to track the evolution of the population phenotype distribution of the expression of two metabolic processes with a concave trade-off. Rather than assume a Gaussian phenotype distribution, we use a Beta distribution that is capable of describing genotypes that manifest as individuals with two distinct phenotypes. Doing so, we find that environmental variation is not a necessary condition for the evolution of phenotypic heterogeneity, which can evolve as a form of specialization in a stable environment. There are two competing pressures driving the evolution of specialization: directional selection toward the evolution of phenotypic heterogeneity and disruptive selection toward genetically determined specialists. Because of the lack of a singular point in the two-dimensional adaptive dynamics and the fact that directional selection is a first order process, while disruptive selection is of second order, the evolution of phenotypic heterogeneity dominates and often precludes speciation. We find that branching, and therefore genetic specialization, occurs mainly under two conditions: the presence of a cost to maintaining a high phenotypic variance or when the effect of mutations is large. A cost to high phenotypic variance dampens the strength of selection toward phenotypic heterogeneity and, when sufficiently large, introduces a singular point into

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Head and Neck Cancer (H&N CA) has had a fascinating and, along with most surgery, a fairly ... Innovations utilized by George Crile: ... As the management of H&N CA advanced in the 1950s oncology and surgery began working together.

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Difficult Gallbladder Surgery, Improving Patient Outcomes Through Appropriate Surgical. Decisions. ... If the position is too close to the common bile duct, an aberrant ... M.M, a 65-years old female had a bile duct injury post open cholecystectomy. She had .... With radiologic advances, cholecystostomy can be performed as a.

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Background: A case report of stab neck presenting at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South. Africa with atypical meningitis. The objective was to illustrate the challenge of diagnosing this unusual and late presentation of meningitis. Case Report: A 48 year-old male patient presented to us two days after a stab neck. He was ...

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Prof Kakande

Afr. J. surg. ..... September/October 2003. 3. Hardin R, Stevenson M, Downie W, Wilson G. Assessment of clinical competence using objective ... Michael J. Griesser, Matthew C. Beran, David C. Flanigan, Michael Quackenbush, DO, Corey Van ...

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2005-04-10

Apr 10, 2005 ... J. Gathara1, M. Galukande1, E. Kiguli-Malwadde2 ... The reason for this apparent surge is mostly speculative; presumed change in lifestyle to a .... HBD and breast cancer, cigarette smoking is documented to have an anti ...

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Antibiotic Prescription Patterns in the Management of Open Fractures at Mulago Hospital in. Kampala. ... antibiotics and also the use of checklists to ensure patients receive all necessary medications .... There was no relationship between the.

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Prof Kakande

A case admitted in the emergency department with pain lower abdomen and anal region following ... are only limited by the capacity of their rectum, not their imagination5. A total of ... which is important in planning of the extraction program7.

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Prof Kakande

This study was aimed at determining the pattern of gastric malignancies in Nigeria, a developing country like and ... Methods: a retrospective study utilizing case-files, histopathology reports and cancer registry data of patients who have .... which are attributed to better living conditions and dietary changes2. Conversely, in ...

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Prof Kakande

Use of a laparoscopic bag for facilitating extraction/ morcellation of the operative ... which are freely available and hence can solve the problem without extra cost ... Before inserting into the abdominal cavity, one edge of plastic bag is cut short ...

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Improper mastication from poorly fitting dentures is present in up to 50% of cases; in fact edentulous patients may be at risk due to inadequate mastication resulting in large boluses of food entering the stomach5,6. Another key element in the development of phytobezoar is gastric stasis induced by gastric surgery2,3.

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Prof Kakande

value=0.08). Conclusion: ... examination, problem-solve, arrive at a working diagnosis, and outline a plan of management 1, 2. Traditionally, clinical skills have been evaluated by means of multiple choice tests, oral examinations, progressive ...

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. Before specific measurement of the portal vein diameter was performed, routine scanning was done to check for the sonographic exclusion criterias. The patient was scanned in supine and right anterior oblique position with the transducer in ...

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Background: Uterine rupture is an infrequent but life threatening obstetric emergency. Rupture of previously scarred uterus is often encountered especially in multiparous women, but the traumatic rupture of an unscarred primigravid uterus as presented here is a relatively rare event. We report a case of rupture of an ...

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Page 69. 12. Aldemir M, Yagnur Y, Tacyildir I. The predictive factors for the necessity of operative treatment in adhesive small bowel obstruction cases. Acta Chir Belg 2004; 104; 76-80. 13. Fevang BTS, Fevang J, Lie SA, Soriede O, Svanes K, Viste A. Long-term prognosis after operation for adhesive small bowel obstruction.

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the centre for disease control (CDC 2001) in the United state of America ... for preventing injury by sharp objects involving disinfection procedures but in sub Saharan Africa .... Barnett T, Whiteside A, Aids in twenty first centaury disease And ...

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Prof Kakande

vomiting and constipation. Abdominal X-rays demonstrated large bowel obstruction. At laparotomy, this patient was found to have adhesions causing sigmoid colon obstruction. Conclusion: In this paper, we demonstrate the rarity of large bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions especially in a virgin abdomen, emphasize ...

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This was traumatic and done under anaesthesia and subsequently Fine Needle Biopsy (FNB) was introduced by Guthrie in the United States to diagnose cancer 2, which was later popularized by. Martin and Ellis3.FNB is the most accurate, cost effective and simplest screening test for the rapid diagnosis of breast lumps and ...

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2005-04-29

Apr 29, 2005 ... in the urethra and genitourinary system of male newborns. .... surveillance and care and that even today the eventual outcome is unclear in many instances6. ... Urinary tract infection was taken as prior history of recurrent fever.

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2005-04-29

Apr 29, 2005 ... Urinary tract infection was also common, being present in 58.9% of ... vesicostomy (42.9%), initial valve ablation (51.8%) and urethral catheterization 5.3%. ... 10% of the cases and included poor stream, gross haematuria and.

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Emergency department of Bugando Medical Centre between April 2009 and March ... surgeon or senior registrar or under their supervision, in case the operative .... from the stump or blow out of appendicular stump, less chances of peritonitis ...

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adnexal mass, with normal cervix, uterus and endometrium, the differential diagnosis of fallopian tube carcinoma should be kept in mind. Introduction. Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is an uncommon tumor accounting for approximately 0.14% to. 1.8% of female genital malignancies1. The first classic case was reported in ...

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Prof Kakande

bacterial culturing and drug sensitivity testing. Data was .... The sample was placed in a sterile transportation/storage container. Following this ..... associated with antibiotic resistance in coliform organisms from community urinary tract infection in ... parenteral drug abuse: presentation, microbiology, and treatment. Am Surg.

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identify risk factors that contribute to complications following tracheostomies. The aim of this ... important to perform an objective audit on the complications following this important surgery. .... the model and the results have been excluded.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

%), Gastritis. (12.6%) and Peptic ulcer disease (duodenal and gastric ulcers) was 6.2%. The malignant conditions (Gastric and Esophageal cancers) contributed to 2.6% . Other less frequent causes of. UGIB were Hiatus hernia (1.8), ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

underwent surgical treatment at Kigali University Teaching Hospital. ..... Melero11 in Mexico reported a similar distribution with a ... environnement, system related drawbacks, serious shortages both in personnel and resources, inadequate.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

recent introduction of ESWL in this region and the adoption of endourological stone management techniques will have their long-term impacts on this complication. All nephrectomy specimens should be subjected to histopathological examination. Open nephrectomy, which remains our local practice, is safe and unilateral ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

Table 2. Therapeutic Procedures and Postoperative Recommendations of Patients who Underwent URS for ureteric stone. Procedure. Frequency. Percent. Post-operative recommendation. Frequency. Percent. None. 6. 15.8. Discharge. 24. 63.2. Only J stenting. 9. 23.7. Repeat URS. 2. 5.3. Stone extraction 19. 50. ESWL. 4.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

COSECSA/ASEA Publication East and Central African Journal of Surgery. ... Bisphosphonates are currently widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis. ... Subtrochanteric fracture, lateral cortical thickening (solid black arrows), .... Schilcher J, Aspenberg P.Incidence of stress fractures of the femoral shaft in women treated.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

Background: This study was aimed at establishing the degree of conformity with the referral system, level of pre-referral investigative evaluations and degree of diagnosis concordance between the referring centres and the referral hospital in Western region of Kenya. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive, ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

The hematoma was evacuated and a drain inserted. On the ... measures used to prevent this complication. Rigid and flexible ... suction through endotracheal tubes in patients who cannot withstand bronchoscopy. However the use of.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

Bolger WE, Butzin CA, Parsons DS. Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope 1991; 101(1 Pt 1):. 56-64. 23. Wang J, Bidari S, Inoue K, Yang H, Rhoton A Jr. Extensions of the sphenoid sinus: a new classification. Neurosurgery 2010; 66: ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

The infection runs a chronic course with destruction of the affected part. The diagnosis usually requires high level of suspicion followed by biopsy to confirm and they usually respond well to chemotherapy with surgery only being adjuvant for specific indication. The natural cause of tuberculous arthritis evolves over several ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 9990 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof Kakande

The optimal technique depends on the level of injury, the type of tissue lostdestroyed ... on its vascular pedicle And used to cover web ... dorsal arteries) were also damaged as well as the terminal radial artery feed into the deep palmar arch.

Evolution, epigenetics and cooperation

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Explanations for biological evolution in terms of changes in gene frequencies refer to outcomes rather than process. Integrating epigenetic studies with older evolutionary theories has drawn attention to the ways in which evolution occurs. Adaptation at the level of the gene is givingway to adaptation at the level of the ...

Florida Teachers' Attitudes about Teaching Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Fowler, Samantha R.; Meisels, Gerry G.

2010-01-01

A survey of Florida teachers reveals many differences in comfort level with teaching evolution according to the state's science teaching standards, general attitudes and beliefs about evolution, and the extent to which teachers are criticized, censured, disparaged, or reprehended for their beliefs about the teaching of evolution.

Evolution of energy structures; Evolution des structures energetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nifenecker, H. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 38 - Grenoble (France)

2005-07-01

Because of the big inertia and long time constants of energy systems, their long-time behaviour is mainly determined by their present day state and by the trends of their recent evolution. For this reason, it is of prime importance to foresee the evolution of the different energy production sources which may play an important role in the future. A status of the world energy consumption and production is made first using the energy statistics of the IEA. Then, using the trends observed since 1973, the consequences of a simple extrapolation of these trends is examined. Finally, the scenarios of forecasting of energy structures, like those supplied by the International institute for applied systems analysis (IIASA) are discussed. (J.S.)

Education and Evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjermitslev, Hans Henrik

2015-01-01

Herbert Spencer’s ideas were first introduced to a Scandinavian audience in the early 1870s when the Danish philosopher Harald Høffding published and lectured on his evolutionary philosophy. At this time, Høffding also played an important role in disseminating Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution...... and in discussing the philosophical consequences of an evolutionary worldview. In the late 1870s and 1880s several of Spencer’s works were translated into Danish and Swedish and he became a household name among liberal intellectuals who primarily discussed his views on education and evolution. His most influential...... known foreign thinkers in the general public at the time of his death in 1903. Moreover, in the decades around 1900 Spencer’s thoughts on education were part of the curricula at many colleges of education. Spencer’s ideas on evolution and education were thus widely circulated and positively received...

Giant lobelias exemplify convergent evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Givnish Thomas J

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Giant lobeliads on tropical mountains in East Africa and Hawaii have highly unusual, giant-rosette growth forms that appear to be convergent on each other and on those of several independently evolved groups of Asteraceae and other families. A recent phylogenetic analysis by Antonelli, based on sequencing the widest selection of lobeliads to date, raises doubts about this paradigmatic example of convergent evolution. Here I address the kinds of evidence needed to test for convergent evolution and argue that the analysis by Antonelli fails on four points. Antonelli's analysis makes several important contributions to our understanding of lobeliad evolution and geographic spread, but his claim regarding convergence appears to be invalid. Giant lobeliads in Hawaii and Africa represent paradigmatic examples of convergent evolution.

Feeding with speed: prey capture evolution in cichlids

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Higham, T. E.; Hulsey, C. D.; Říčan, Oldřich; Carroll, A. M.

2007-01-01

Roč. 20, - (2007), s. 70-78 ISSN 1010-061X Grant - others:GA JU(CZ) 04_GAJU-58 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50450515 Keywords : Cichlidae * comparative methods * ecomorphology Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 3.920, year: 2007

Nonlinear Evolution of Alfvenic Wave Packets

Science.gov (United States)

Buti, B.; Jayanti, V.; Vinas, A. F.; Ghosh, S.; Goldstein, M. L.; Roberts, D. A.; Lakhina, G. S.; Tsurutani, B. T.

1998-01-01

Alfven waves are a ubiquitous feature of the solar wind. One approach to studying the evolution of such waves has been to study exact solutions to approximate evolution equations. Here we compare soliton solutions of the Derivative Nonlinear Schrodinger evolution equation (DNLS) to solutions of the compressible MHD equations.

Evolution for Young Victorians

Science.gov (United States)

Lightman, Bernard

2012-01-01

Evolution was a difficult topic to tackle when writing books for the young in the wake of the controversies over Darwin's "Origin of Species." Authors who wrote about evolution for the young experimented with different ways of making the complex concepts of evolutionary theory accessible and less controversial. Many authors depicted presented…

MDSplus evolution continues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manduchi, G.; Fredian, T.W.; Stillerman, J.A.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► The paper describes the recent evolution of the MDSplus data system. ► It presents a Use Case to explain MDSplus expressions. ► It presents the features recently developed. ► It presents the features under development. - Abstract: The MDSplus data system has been in operation on several fusion machines since 1991 and it is currently in use at over 30 sites spread over 5 continents. A consequence is the extensive feedback provided by the MDSplus user community for bug fixes and improvements and therefore the evolution of MDSplus is keeping pace with the evolution in data acquisition and management techniques. In particular, the recent evolution of MDSplus has been driven by the change in the paradigm for data acquisition in long lasting plasma discharges, where a sustained data stream is transferred from the acquisition devices into the database. Several new features are currently available or are being implemented in MDSplus. The features already implemented include a comprehensive Object-Oriented interface to the system, the python support for data acquisition devices and the full integration in EPICS. Work is in progress for the integration of multiple protocols and security systems in remote data access, a new high level data view layer and a new version of the jScope tool for online visualization and the optimized visualization of very large signals.

Continuous "in vitro" Evolution of a Ribozyme Ligase: A Model Experiment for the Evolution of a Biomolecule

Science.gov (United States)

Ledbetter, Michael P.; Hwang, Tony W.; Stovall, Gwendolyn M.; Ellington, Andrew D.

2013-01-01

Evolution is a defining criterion of life and is central to understanding biological systems. However, the timescale of evolutionary shifts in phenotype limits most classroom evolution experiments to simple probability simulations. "In vitro" directed evolution (IVDE) frequently serves as a model system for the study of Darwinian…

Experimental evolution in biofilm populations

Science.gov (United States)

Steenackers, Hans P.; Parijs, Ilse; Foster, Kevin R.; Vanderleyden, Jozef

2016-01-01

Biofilms are a major form of microbial life in which cells form dense surface associated communities that can persist for many generations. The long-life of biofilm communities means that they can be strongly shaped by evolutionary processes. Here, we review the experimental study of evolution in biofilm communities. We first provide an overview of the different experimental models used to study biofilm evolution and their associated advantages and disadvantages. We then illustrate the vast amount of diversification observed during biofilm evolution, and we discuss (i) potential ecological and evolutionary processes behind the observed diversification, (ii) recent insights into the genetics of adaptive diversification, (iii) the striking degree of parallelism between evolution experiments and real-life biofilms and (iv) potential consequences of diversification. In the second part, we discuss the insights provided by evolution experiments in how biofilm growth and structure can promote cooperative phenotypes. Overall, our analysis points to an important role of biofilm diversification and cooperation in bacterial survival and productivity. Deeper understanding of both processes is of key importance to design improved antimicrobial strategies and diagnostic techniques. PMID:26895713

A Python Calculator for Supernova Remnant Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Leahy, D. A.; Williams, J. E.

2017-05-01

A freely available Python code for modeling supernova remnant (SNR) evolution has been created. This software is intended for two purposes: to understand SNR evolution and to use in modeling observations of SNR for obtaining good estimates of SNR properties. It includes all phases for the standard path of evolution for spherically symmetric SNRs. In addition, alternate evolutionary models are available, including evolution in a cloudy ISM, the fractional energy-loss model, and evolution in a hot low-density ISM. The graphical interface takes in various parameters and produces outputs such as shock radius and velocity versus time, as well as SNR surface brightness profile and spectrum. Some interesting properties of SNR evolution are demonstrated using the program.

Titan Polar Landscape Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Jeffrey M.

2016-01-01

With the ongoing Cassini-era observations and studies of Titan it is clear that the intensity and distribution of surface processes (particularly fluvial erosion by methane and Aeolian transport) has changed through time. Currently however, alternate hypotheses substantially differ among specific scenarios with respect to the effects of atmospheric evolution, seasonal changes, and endogenic processes. We have studied the evolution of Titan's polar region through a combination of analysis of imaging, elevation data, and geomorphic mapping, spatially explicit simulations of landform evolution, and quantitative comparison of the simulated landscapes with corresponding Titan morphology. We have quantitatively evaluated alternate scenarios for the landform evolution of Titan's polar terrain. The investigations have been guided by recent geomorphic mapping and topographic characterization of the polar regions that are used to frame hypotheses of process interactions, which have been evaluated using simulation modeling. Topographic information about Titan's polar region is be based on SAR-Topography and altimetry archived on PDS, SAR-based stereo radar-grammetry, radar-sounding lake depth measurements, and superposition relationships between geomorphologic map units, which we will use to create a generalized topographic map.

Evolution of Scale Worms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gonzalez, Brett Christopher

) caves, and the interstitium, recovering six monophyletic clades within Aphroditiformia: Acoetidae, Aphroditidae, Eulepethidae, Iphionidae, Polynoidae, and Sigalionidae (inclusive of the former ‘Pisionidae’ and ‘Pholoidae’), respectively. Tracing of morphological character evolution showed a high degree...... of adaptability and convergent evolution between relatively closely related scale worms. While some morphological and behavioral modifications in cave polynoids reflected troglomorphism, other modifications like eye loss were found to stem from a common ancestor inhabiting the deep sea, further corroborating...... the deep sea ancestry of scale worm cave fauna. In conclusion, while morphological characterization across Aphroditiformia appears deceptively easy due to the presence of elytra, convergent evolution during multiple early radiations across wide ranging habitats have confounded our ability to reconstruct...

Predicting Community Evolution in Social Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stanisław Saganowski

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, sustained development of different social media can be observed worldwide. One of the relevant research domains intensively explored recently is analysis of social communities existing in social media as well as prediction of their future evolution taking into account collected historical evolution chains. These evolution chains proposed in the paper contain group states in the previous time frames and its historical transitions that were identified using one out of two methods: Stable Group Changes Identification (SGCI and Group Evolution Discovery (GED. Based on the observed evolution chains of various length, structural network features are extracted, validated and selected as well as used to learn classification models. The experimental studies were performed on three real datasets with different profile: DBLP, Facebook and Polish blogosphere. The process of group prediction was analysed with respect to different classifiers as well as various descriptive feature sets extracted from evolution chains of different length. The results revealed that, in general, the longer evolution chains the better predictive abilities of the classification models. However, chains of length 3 to 7 enabled the GED-based method to almost reach its maximum possible prediction quality. For SGCI, this value was at the level of 3–5 last periods.

Tracing Cultural Evolution Through Memetics

OpenAIRE

Tiktik Dewi Sartika

2004-01-01

Viewing human being, as a part of evolution process is still a controversial issue for some people, in fact the evolution runs. As a sociocultural entity, human being has distinctive characters in its evolution process. A Theory inherited from Darwin may have only been able to answer how a simple unit such genes evolve to such complex animal like human. Yet, how among those complex animals interact, communicate, and replicate idea in so forth formed a such self-organized sociocultural complex...

Reconstructing human evolution

CERN Multimedia

AUTHOR|(CDS)2074069

1999-01-01

One can reconstruct human evolution using modern genetic data and models based on the mathematical theory of evolution and its four major factors : mutation, natural selection, statistical fluctuations in finite populations (random genetic drift), and migration. Archaeology gives some help on the major dates and events of the process. Chances of studying ancient DNA are very limited but there have been a few successful results. Studying DNA instead of proteins, as was done until a few years ago, and in particular the DNA of mitochondria and of the Y chromosome which are transmitted, respectively, by the maternal line and the paternal line, has greatly simplified the analysis. It is now possible to carry the analysis on individuals, while earlier studies were of necessity based on populations. Also the evolution of ÒcultureÓ (i.e. what we learn from others), in particular that of languages, gives some help and can be greatly enlightened by genetic studies. Even though it is largely based on mechanisms of mut...

Viral Evolution Core | FNLCR Staging

Science.gov (United States)

Brandon F. Keele, Ph.D. PI/Senior Principal Investigator, Retroviral Evolution Section Head, Viral Evolution Core Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick, MD 21702-1201 Tel: 301-846-173

Evolution of imitation networks in Minority Game model

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lavička, H.; Slanina, František

2007-01-01

Roč. 56, - (2007), s. 53-63 ISSN 1434-6028 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1P04OCP10.001 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : econophysics * networks * minority game Subject RIV: BE - Theoretical Physics Impact factor: 1.356, year: 2007

Stress evolution in Ti-C:H films

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kulikovsky, V.; Franc, František; Deineka, Alexander; Vorlíček, Vladimír; Jastrabík, Lubomír

2000-01-01

Roč. 33, - (2000), s. 2880-2883 ISSN 0022-3727 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1010827; GA MŠk LN00A015 Grant - others:Concerted European Action on Tribology (XE) COST516 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.179, year: 2000

Damage evolution during fatigue in structural materials

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Polák, Jaroslav; Man, Jiří; Petrenec, Martin

2012-01-01

Roč. 1, August (2012), s. 3-12 ISSN 2211-8128. [International Congress on Metallurgy and Materials - SAM/CONAMET 2011 /11./. Rosario, 18.10.2011-21.10.2011] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA106/09/1954 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : cyclic plasticity * crack nucleation * crack growth * fatigue damage Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics

77 FR 15779 - Medical Devices; Availability of Safety and Effectiveness Summaries for Premarket Approval...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-16

...-2011-M-0746 Pluromed, Inc........ LEGOO September 28, 2011. P090024, FDA-2011-M-0737 Siemens Healthcare...). P110022, FDA-2011-M-0786 Roche Diagnostics ELECSYS anti-HBC IGM October 26, 2011. Corp. immunoassay and....... November 14, 2011. H090002, FDA-2011-M-0848 BSD Medical Corp..... BSD-2000 November 18, 2011. hyperthermia...

Cognition and the evolution of camouflage.

Science.gov (United States)

Skelhorn, John; Rowe, Candy

2016-02-24

Camouflage is one of the most widespread forms of anti-predator defence and prevents prey individuals from being detected or correctly recognized by would-be predators. Over the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in both the evolution of prey camouflage patterns, and in understanding animal cognition in a more ecological context. However, these fields rarely collide, and the role of cognition in the evolution of camouflage is poorly understood. Here, we review what we currently know about the role of both predator and prey cognition in the evolution of prey camouflage, outline why cognition may be an important selective pressure driving the evolution of camouflage and consider how studying the cognitive processes of animals may prove to be a useful tool to study the evolution of camouflage, and vice versa. In doing so, we highlight that we still have a lot to learn about the role of cognition in the evolution of camouflage and identify a number of avenues for future research. © 2016 The Author(s).

Quantum Correlations Evolution Asymmetry in Quantum Channels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Meng; Huang Yun-Feng; Guo Guang-Can

2017-01-01

It was demonstrated that the entanglement evolution of a specially designed quantum state in the bistochastic channel is asymmetric. In this work, we generalize the study of the quantum correlations, including entanglement and quantum discord, evolution asymmetry to various quantum channels. We found that the asymmetry of entanglement and quantum discord only occurs in some special quantum channels, and the behavior of the entanglement evolution may be quite different from the behavior of the quantum discord evolution. To quantum entanglement, in some channels it decreases monotonously with the increase of the quantum channel intensity. In some other channels, when we increase the intensity of the quantum channel, it decreases at first, then keeps zero for some time, and then rises up. To quantum discord, the evolution becomes more complex and you may find that it evolutes unsmoothly at some points. These results illustrate the strong dependence of the quantum correlations evolution on the property of the quantum channels. (paper)

The chemical evolution of galaxies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiosi, Cesare

1986-01-01

The chemical evolution of galaxies is reviewed with particular attention to the theoretical interpretation of the distribution and abundances of elements in stars and the interstellar medium. The paper was presented to the conference on ''The early universe and its evolution'', Erice, Italy, 1986. The metallicity distribution of the solar vicinity, age metallicity relationship, abundance gradients in the galaxy, external galaxies, star formation and evolution, major sites of nucleosynthesis, yields of chemical elements, chemical models, and the galactic disk, are all discussed. (U.K.)

Hamiltonian evolutions of twisted polygons in RPn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beffa, Gloria Marì; Wang, Jing Ping

2013-01-01

In this paper we find a discrete moving frame and their associated invariants along projective polygons in RP n , and we use them to describe invariant evolutions of projective N-gons. We then apply a reduction process to obtain a natural Hamiltonian structure on the space of projective invariants for polygons, establishing a close relationship between the projective N-gon invariant evolutions and the Hamiltonian evolutions on the invariants of the flow. We prove that any Hamiltonian evolution is induced on invariants by an invariant evolution of N-gons—what we call a projective realization—and both evolutions are connected explicitly in a very simple way. Finally, we provide a completely integrable evolution (the Boussinesq lattice related to the lattice W 3 -algebra), its projective realization in RP 2 and its Hamiltonian pencil. We generalize both structures to n-dimensions and we prove that they are Poisson, defining explicitly the n-dimensional generalization of the planar evolution (a discretization of the W n -algebra). We prove that the generalization is completely integrable, and we also give its projective realization, which turns out to be very simple. (paper)

Cyanobacterial evolution during the Precambrian

Science.gov (United States)

Schirrmeister, Bettina E.; Sanchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Wacey, David

2016-07-01

Life on Earth has existed for at least 3.5 billion years. Yet, relatively little is known of its evolution during the first two billion years, due to the scarceness and generally poor preservation of fossilized biological material. Cyanobacteria, formerly known as blue green algae were among the first crown Eubacteria to evolve and for more than 2.5 billion years they have strongly influenced Earth's biosphere. Being the only organism where oxygenic photosynthesis has originated, they have oxygenated Earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere, triggered the evolution of plants -being ancestral to chloroplasts- and enabled the evolution of complex life based on aerobic respiration. Having such a strong impact on early life, one might expect that the evolutionary success of this group may also have triggered further biosphere changes during early Earth history. However, very little is known about the early evolution of this phylum and ongoing debates about cyanobacterial fossils, biomarkers and molecular clock analyses highlight the difficulties in this field of research. Although phylogenomic analyses have provided promising glimpses into the early evolution of cyanobacteria, estimated divergence ages are often very uncertain, because of vague and insufficient tree-calibrations. Results of molecular clock analyses are intrinsically tied to these prior calibration points, hence improving calibrations will enable more precise divergence time estimations. Here we provide a review of previously described Precambrian microfossils, biomarkers and geochemical markers that inform upon the early evolution of cyanobacteria. Future research in micropalaeontology will require novel analyses and imaging techniques to improve taxonomic affiliation of many Precambrian microfossils. Consequently, a better understanding of early cyanobacterial evolution will not only allow for a more specific calibration of cyanobacterial and eubacterial phylogenies, but also provide new dates for the tree

Musical emotions: Functions, origins, evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Perlovsky, Leonid

2010-03-01

Theories of music origins and the role of musical emotions in the mind are reviewed. Most existing theories contradict each other, and cannot explain mechanisms or roles of musical emotions in workings of the mind, nor evolutionary reasons for music origins. Music seems to be an enigma. Nevertheless, a synthesis of cognitive science and mathematical models of the mind has been proposed describing a fundamental role of music in the functioning and evolution of the mind, consciousness, and cultures. The review considers ancient theories of music as well as contemporary theories advanced by leading authors in this field. It addresses one hypothesis that promises to unify the field and proposes a theory of musical origin based on a fundamental role of music in cognition and evolution of consciousness and culture. We consider a split in the vocalizations of proto-humans into two types: one less emotional and more concretely-semantic, evolving into language, and the other preserving emotional connections along with semantic ambiguity, evolving into music. The proposed hypothesis departs from other theories in considering specific mechanisms of the mind-brain, which required the evolution of music parallel with the evolution of cultures and languages. Arguments are reviewed that the evolution of language toward becoming the semantically powerful tool of today required emancipation from emotional encumbrances. The opposite, no less powerful mechanisms required a compensatory evolution of music toward more differentiated and refined emotionality. The need for refined music in the process of cultural evolution is grounded in fundamental mechanisms of the mind. This is why today's human mind and cultures cannot exist without today's music. The reviewed hypothesis gives a basis for future analysis of why different evolutionary paths of languages were paralleled by different evolutionary paths of music. Approaches toward experimental verification of this hypothesis in

Phylogenomic Insights into Animal Evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Telford, Maximilian J; Budd, Graham E; Philippe, Hervé

2015-10-05

Animals make up only a small fraction of the eukaryotic tree of life, yet, from our vantage point as members of the animal kingdom, the evolution of the bewildering diversity of animal forms is endlessly fascinating. In the century following the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, hypotheses regarding the evolution of the major branches of the animal kingdom - their relationships to each other and the evolution of their body plans - was based on a consideration of the morphological and developmental characteristics of the different animal groups. This morphology-based approach had many successes but important aspects of the evolutionary tree remained disputed. In the past three decades, molecular data, most obviously primary sequences of DNA and proteins, have provided an estimate of animal phylogeny largely independent of the morphological evolution we would ultimately like to understand. The molecular tree that has evolved over the past three decades has drastically altered our view of animal phylogeny and many aspects of the tree are no longer contentious. The focus of molecular studies on relationships between animal groups means, however, that the discipline has become somewhat divorced from the underlying biology and from the morphological characteristics whose evolution we aim to understand. Here, we consider what we currently know of animal phylogeny; what aspects we are still uncertain about and what our improved understanding of animal phylogeny can tell us about the evolution of the great diversity of animal life. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Manipulation of quantum evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Cabera, David Jose Fernandez; Mielnik, Bogdan

1994-01-01

The free evolution of a non-relativistic charged particle is manipulated using time-dependent magnetic fields. It is shown that the application of a programmed sequence of magnetic pulses can invert the free evolution process, forcing an arbitrary wave packet to 'go back in time' to recover its past shape. The possibility of more general operations upon the Schrodinger wave packet is discussed.

Quantum evolution across singularities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Craps, Ben; Evnin, Oleg

2008-01-01

Attempts to consider evolution across space-time singularities often lead to quantum systems with time-dependent Hamiltonians developing an isolated singularity as a function of time. Examples include matrix theory in certain singular time-dependent backgounds and free quantum fields on the two-dimensional compactified Milne universe. Due to the presence of the singularities in the time dependence, the conventional quantum-mechanical evolution is not well-defined for such systems. We propose a natural way, mathematically analogous to renormalization in conventional quantum field theory, to construct unitary quantum evolution across the singularity. We carry out this procedure explicitly for free fields on the compactified Milne universe and compare our results with the matching conditions considered in earlier work (which were based on the covering Minkowski space)

Emergence and Evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bullwinkle, Tammy J; Ibba, Michael

2013-01-01

ancestor and as such they provide insights into the evolution and development of the extant genetic code. Although the aaRSs have long been viewed as a highly conserved group of enzymes, findings within the last couple of decades have started to demonstrate how diverse and versatile these enzymes really...... are. Beyond their central role in translation, aaRSs and their numerous homologs have evolved a wide array of alternative functions both inside and outside translation. Current understanding of the emergence of the aaRSs, and their subsequent evolution into a functionally diverse enzyme family...

Evolution 2.0

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Casper; Bek-Thomsen, Jakob; Clasen, Mathias

2013-01-01

Studies in the history of science and education have documented that the reception and understanding of evolutionary theory is highly contingent on local factors such as school systems, cultural traditions, religious beliefs, and language. This has important implications for teaching evolution...... audiences readily available. As more and more schools require teachers to use low cost or free web-based materials, in the research community we need to take seriously how to facilitate that demand in communication strategies on evolution. This article addresses this challenge by presenting the learning...

On the thermodynamics of multilevel evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Tessera, Marc; Hoelzer, Guy A

2013-09-01

Biodiversity is hierarchically structured both phylogenetically and functionally. Phylogenetic hierarchy is understood as a product of branching organic evolution as described by Darwin. Ecosystem biologists understand some aspects of functional hierarchy, such as food web architecture, as a product of evolutionary ecology; but functional hierarchy extends to much lower scales of organization than those studied by ecologists. We argue that the more general use of the term "evolution" employed by physicists and applied to non-living systems connects directly to the narrow biological meaning. Physical evolution is best understood as a thermodynamic phenomenon, and this perspective comfortably includes all of biological evolution. We suggest four dynamical factors that build on each other in a hierarchical fashion and set the stage for the Darwinian evolution of biological systems: (1) the entropic erosion of structure; (2) the construction of dissipative systems; (3) the reproduction of growing systems and (4) the historical memory accrued to populations of reproductive agents by the acquisition of hereditary mechanisms. A particular level of evolution can underpin the emergence of higher levels, but evolutionary processes persist at each level in the hierarchy. We also argue that particular evolutionary processes can occur at any level of the hierarchy where they are not obstructed by material constraints. This theoretical framework provides an extensive basis for understanding natural selection as a multilevel process. The extensive literature on thermodynamics in turn provides an important advantage to this perspective on the evolution of higher levels of organization, such as the evolution of altruism that can accompany the emergence of social organization. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

National Hydroelectric Power Resources Study:Regional Assessment: Volume XXIII: Alaska and Hawaii

Science.gov (United States)

1981-09-01

miles) are Niihau (73), Kauai (553), Oahu (608), Molokai (261), Lanai (140), Kahoo1awe (45), Maui (729), and Hawaii (4,038). These islands form a...Kahoolawe is barren, uninhabited and under military control; Niihau is pri- vately owned and little developed. The other six islands of Kauai, Oahu...coastline, a distance of about 225 miles. 2-1 N I N Niihau Kauai 160· ------------------ 22· City and County of Honolulu <vtr~ ~ OU

High-Resolution Imaging of Colliding and Merging Galaxies

Science.gov (United States)

Whitmore, Brad

1991-07-01

We propose to obtain high-resolution images, using the WF/PC, of two colliding and merging galaxies (i.e., NGC 4038/4039 = "The Antennae" and NGC 7252 ="Atoms-for-Peace Galaxy". Our goal is to use HST to make critical observations of each object in order to gain a better understanding of the various phases of the merger process. Our primary objective is to determine whether globular clusters are formed during mergers\\?

Rank-dependant factorization of entanglement evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siomau, Michael

2016-01-01

Highlights: • In some cases the complex entanglement evolution can be factorized on simple terms. • We suggest factorization equations for multiqubit entanglement evolution. • The factorization is solely defined by the rank of the final state density matrices. • The factorization is independent on the local noisy channels and initial pure states. - Abstract: The description of the entanglement evolution of a complex quantum system can be significantly simplified due to the symmetries of the initial state and the quantum channels, which simultaneously affect parts of the system. Using concurrence as the entanglement measure, we study the entanglement evolution of few qubit systems, when each of the qubits is affected by a local unital channel independently on the others. We found that for low-rank density matrices of the final quantum state, such complex entanglement dynamics can be completely described by a combination of independent factors representing the evolution of entanglement of the initial state, when just one of the qubits is affected by a local channel. We suggest necessary conditions for the rank of the density matrices to represent the entanglement evolution through the factors. Our finding is supported with analytical examples and numerical simulations.

Hyperbolicity and constrained evolution in linearized gravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matzner, Richard A.

2005-01-01

Solving the 4-d Einstein equations as evolution in time requires solving equations of two types: the four elliptic initial data (constraint) equations, followed by the six second order evolution equations. Analytically the constraint equations remain solved under the action of the evolution, and one approach is to simply monitor them (unconstrained evolution). Since computational solution of differential equations introduces almost inevitable errors, it is clearly 'more correct' to introduce a scheme which actively maintains the constraints by solution (constrained evolution). This has shown promise in computational settings, but the analysis of the resulting mixed elliptic hyperbolic method has not been completely carried out. We present such an analysis for one method of constrained evolution, applied to a simple vacuum system, linearized gravitational waves. We begin with a study of the hyperbolicity of the unconstrained Einstein equations. (Because the study of hyperbolicity deals only with the highest derivative order in the equations, linearization loses no essential details.) We then give explicit analytical construction of the effect of initial data setting and constrained evolution for linearized gravitational waves. While this is clearly a toy model with regard to constrained evolution, certain interesting features are found which have relevance to the full nonlinear Einstein equations

Dynamical evolution of galaxies in clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ostriker, J.P.

1977-01-01

In addition to the processes involved in the evolution of star clusters, there are three kinds of processes that are peculiar to, or far more important in, galaxy clusters than in star clusters: galaxy interactions with gas, high-velocity tidal interactions, and accretion and cannibalism. The latter is discussed at some length; analytical calculations for the apparent luminosity evolution of the first brightest galaxy and the apparent luminosity evolution of M 12 are described, along with the numerical simulation of cluster evolution. It appears that many of the notable features of centrally condensed clusters of galaxies, particularly the presence of very luminous but low-surface-brightness central cD systems, can be understood in terms of a straightforward dynamical theory of galactic cannibalism. It is possible to maintain the hypothesis that dynamical evolution gradually transforms Bautz--Morgan III clusters to type II systems or type I systems. 36 references, 5 figures

Angular correlations and high energy evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovner, Alex; Lublinsky, Michael

2011-01-01

We address the question of to what extent JIMWLK evolution is capable of taking into account angular correlations in a high energy hadronic wave function. Our conclusion is that angular (and indeed other) correlations in the wave function cannot be reliably calculated without taking into account Pomeron loops in the evolution. As an example we study numerically the energy evolution of angular correlations between dipole scattering amplitudes in the framework of the large N c approximation to JIMWLK evolution (the 'projectile dipole model'). Target correlations are introduced via averaging over an (isotropic) ensemble of anisotropic initial conditions. We find that correlations disappear very quickly with rapidity even inside the saturation radius. This is in accordance with our physical picture of JIMWLK evolution. The actual correlations inside the saturation radius in the target QCD wave function, on the other hand, should remain sizable at any rapidity.

Enhancer evolution across 20 mammalian species

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Villar, Diego; Berthelot, Camille; Aldridge, Sarah

2015-01-01

The mammalian radiation has corresponded with rapid changes in noncoding regions of the genome, but we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory evolution in mammals. Here, we track the evolution of promoters and enhancers active in liver across 20 mammalian species from six diverse orders...... by profiling genomic enrichment of H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation. We report that rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes. Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements....... These results provide important insight into the functional genetics underpinning mammalian regulatory evolution....

Divergent Cumulative Cultural Evolution

OpenAIRE

Marriott, Chris; Chebib, Jobran

2016-01-01

Divergent cumulative cultural evolution occurs when the cultural evolutionary trajectory diverges from the biological evolutionary trajectory. We consider the conditions under which divergent cumulative cultural evolution can occur. We hypothesize that two conditions are necessary. First that genetic and cultural information are stored separately in the agent. Second cultural information must be transferred horizontally between agents of different generations. We implement a model with these ...

Dilation of non-quasifree dissipative evolution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Varilly, J C [Costa Rica Univ., San Jose. Escuela de Matematica

1981-03-01

A semigroup evolution for the 1/2-spin which admits a conservative dilation is known to be governed by a Bloch equation in a standard form. Here we construct a conservative dilation directly from the Bloch equation, thus yielding an example of a dilation scheme for an evolution which is not quasifree. Moreover, we show that this conservative evolution is never ergodic in the non-quasifree case.

Evolution of the radiation protection system; L'evolution du systeme de protection radiologique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clarke, R.H. [International Commission on Radiological Protection, Stockholm (Sweden); Schieber, C.; Cordoliani, Y.S. [Societe Francaise de Radioprotection, 92 - Fontenay aux Roses (France); Brechignac, F. [CEA Cadarache, Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Dept. de Protection de l' Environnement, 13 - Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)

2003-07-01

The evolution of the system of radiological protection: justification for new ICRP recommendations, thoughts of the SFRP work group about the evolution of the system of radiation protection proposed by the ICRP, protection of environment against ionizing radiations seen by the ICRP are the three parts of this chapter. (N.C.)

Battery parameterisation based on differential evolution via a boundary evolution strategy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yang, Guangya

2013-01-01

the advances of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Differential evolution (DE) is selected and modified to parameterise an equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion batteries. A boundary evolution strategy (BES) is developed and incorporated into the DE to update the parameter boundaries during the parameterisation......, as the equivalent circuit model is an abstract map of the battery electric characteristics, the determination of the possible ranges of parameters can be a challenging task. In this paper, an efficient yet easy to implement method is proposed to parameterise the equivalent circuit model of batteries utilising...

Intraspecific chemical communication in microalgae

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Venuleo, M.; Raven, J. A.; Giordano, Mario

2017-01-01

Roč. 215, č. 2 (2017), s. 516-530 ISSN 1469-8137 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : evolution * infochemicals * intraspecific communication Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology OBOR OECD: Microbiology

An increased estimate of the merger rate of double neutron stars from observations of a highly relativistic system.

Science.gov (United States)

Burgay, M; D'Amico, N; Possenti, A; Manchester, R N; Lyne, A G; Joshi, B C; McLaughlin, M A; Kramer, M; Sarkissian, J M; Camilo, F; Kalogera, V; Kim, C; Lorimer, D R

2003-12-04

The merger of close binary systems containing two neutron stars should produce a burst of gravitational waves, as predicted by the theory of general relativity. A reliable estimate of the double-neutron-star merger rate in the Galaxy is crucial in order to predict whether current gravity wave detectors will be successful in detecting such bursts. Present estimates of this rate are rather low, because we know of only a few double-neutron-star binaries with merger times less than the age of the Universe. Here we report the discovery of a 22-ms pulsar, PSR J0737-3039, which is a member of a highly relativistic double-neutron-star binary with an orbital period of 2.4 hours. This system will merge in about 85 Myr, a time much shorter than for any other known neutron-star binary. Together with the relatively low radio luminosity of PSR J0737-3039, this timescale implies an order-of-magnitude increase in the predicted merger rate for double-neutron-star systems in our Galaxy (and in the rest of the Universe).

Co-Evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

McGhee, Robert

2002-01-01

Discusses the role of techniques of DNA analysis in assessing the genetic relationships between various species. Focuses on wolf-dog evolution using DNA evidence and historical data about human/wolf-dog relationships. (DDR)

Chemical Evolution and the Evolutionary Definition of Life.

Science.gov (United States)

Higgs, Paul G

2017-06-01

Darwinian evolution requires a mechanism for generation of diversity in a population, and selective differences between individuals that influence reproduction. In biology, diversity is generated by mutations and selective differences arise because of the encoded functions of the sequences (e.g., ribozymes or proteins). Here, I draw attention to a process that I will call chemical evolution, in which the diversity is generated by random chemical synthesis instead of (or in addition to) mutation, and selection acts on physicochemical properties, such as hydrolysis, photolysis, solubility, or surface binding. Chemical evolution applies to short oligonucleotides that can be generated by random polymerization, as well as by template-directed replication, and which may be too short to encode a specific function. Chemical evolution is an important stage on the pathway to life, between the stage of "just chemistry" and the stage of full biological evolution. A mathematical model is presented here that illustrates the differences between these three stages. Chemical evolution leads to much larger differences in molecular concentrations than can be achieved by selection without replication. However, chemical evolution is not open-ended, unlike biological evolution. The ability to undergo Darwinian evolution is often considered to be a defining feature of life. Here, I argue that chemical evolution, although Darwinian, does not quite constitute life, and that a good place to put the conceptual boundary between non-life and life is between chemical and biological evolution.

Experimental evolution in budding yeast

Science.gov (United States)

Murray, Andrew

2012-02-01

I will discuss our progress in analyzing evolution in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We take two basic approaches. The first is to try and examine quantitative aspects of evolution, for example by determining how the rate of evolution depends on the mutation rate and the population size or asking whether the rate of mutation is uniform throughout the genome. The second is to try to evolve qualitatively novel, cell biologically interesting phenotypes and track the mutations that are responsible for the phenotype. Our efforts include trying to alter cell morphology, evolve multicellularity, and produce a biological oscillator.

Chaos and unpredictability in evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Doebeli, Michael; Ispolatov, Iaroslav

2014-05-01

The possibility of complicated dynamic behavior driven by nonlinear feedbacks in dynamical systems has revolutionized science in the latter part of the last century. Yet despite examples of complicated frequency dynamics, the possibility of long-term evolutionary chaos is rarely considered. The concept of "survival of the fittest" is central to much evolutionary thinking and embodies a perspective of evolution as a directional optimization process exhibiting simple, predictable dynamics. This perspective is adequate for simple scenarios, when frequency-independent selection acts on scalar phenotypes. However, in most organisms many phenotypic properties combine in complicated ways to determine ecological interactions, and hence frequency-dependent selection. Therefore, it is natural to consider models for evolutionary dynamics generated by frequency-dependent selection acting simultaneously on many different phenotypes. Here we show that complicated, chaotic dynamics of long-term evolutionary trajectories in phenotype space is very common in a large class of such models when the dimension of phenotype space is large, and when there are selective interactions between the phenotypic components. Our results suggest that the perspective of evolution as a process with simple, predictable dynamics covers only a small fragment of long-term evolution. © 2014 The Author(s). Evolution © 2014 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Quantum evolution life in the multiverse

CERN Document Server

McFadden, Johnjoe

2000-01-01

Quantum Evolution presents a revolutionary new scientific theory by asking: is there a force of will behind evolution? In his astonishing first book, Johnjoe McFadden shows that there is. 'McFadden's bold hypothesis that quantum physics plays a key role in the origin and evolution of life looks increasingly plausible. The weird behaviour of matter and information at the quantum level could be just what is needed to explain life's astonishing properties. If these ideas are right, they will transform our understanding of the relationship between physics and biology.' PAUL DAVIES In this brilliant debut, Johnjoe McFadden puts forward a theory of quantum evolution. He shows how living organisms have the ability to will themselves into action. Indeed, such an ability may be life's most fundamental attribute. This has radical implications. Evolution may not be random at all, as recent evolutionary theories have taught: rather, cells may, in certain circumstances, be able to choose to mutate particular genes that pr...

Microstructure evolution of an Al-Pd-Co alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kahalová, Ĺ.; Kusý, M.; Buršík, Jiří; Svoboda, Milan; Illeková, E.; Švec, P.; Dolinšek, J.; Janovec, J.

2008-01-01

Roč. 46, č. 4 (2008), s. 221-227 ISSN 0023-432X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA106/07/1259 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20410507 Keywords : complex metallic alloys * Al-Pd-Co system * differential thermal analysis Subject RIV: JG - Metallurgy Impact factor: 1.345, year: 2007

Towards physical principles of biological evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Katsnelson, Mikhail I.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Koonin, Eugene V.

2018-03-01

Biological systems reach organizational complexity that far exceeds the complexity of any known inanimate objects. Biological entities undoubtedly obey the laws of quantum physics and statistical mechanics. However, is modern physics sufficient to adequately describe, model and explain the evolution of biological complexity? Detailed parallels have been drawn between statistical thermodynamics and the population-genetic theory of biological evolution. Based on these parallels, we outline new perspectives on biological innovation and major transitions in evolution, and introduce a biological equivalent of thermodynamic potential that reflects the innovation propensity of an evolving population. Deep analogies have been suggested to also exist between the properties of biological entities and processes, and those of frustrated states in physics, such as glasses. Such systems are characterized by frustration whereby local state with minimal free energy conflict with the global minimum, resulting in ‘emergent phenomena’. We extend such analogies by examining frustration-type phenomena, such as conflicts between different levels of selection, in biological evolution. These frustration effects appear to drive the evolution of biological complexity. We further address evolution in multidimensional fitness landscapes from the point of view of percolation theory and suggest that percolation at level above the critical threshold dictates the tree-like evolution of complex organisms. Taken together, these multiple connections between fundamental processes in physics and biology imply that construction of a meaningful physical theory of biological evolution might not be a futile effort. However, it is unrealistic to expect that such a theory can be created in one scoop; if it ever comes to being, this can only happen through integration of multiple physical models of evolutionary processes. Furthermore, the existing framework of theoretical physics is unlikely to suffice

A stochastic approach to chemical evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Copi, C.J.

1997-01-01

Observations of elemental abundances in the Galaxy have repeatedly shown an intrinsic scatter as a function of time and metallicity. The standard approach to chemical evolution does not attempt to address this scatter in abundances since only the mean evolution is followed. In this work, the scatter is addressed via a stochastic approach to solving chemical evolution models. Three simple chemical evolution scenarios are studied using this stochastic approach: a closed box model, an infall model, and an outflow model. These models are solved for the solar neighborhood in a Monte Carlo fashion. The evolutionary history of one particular region is determined randomly based on the star formation rate and the initial mass function. Following the evolution in an ensemble of such regions leads to the predicted spread in abundances expected, based solely on different evolutionary histories of otherwise identical regions. In this work, 13 isotopes are followed, including the light elements, the CNO elements, a few α-elements, and iron. It is found that the predicted spread in abundances for a 10 5 M circle-dot region is in good agreement with observations for the α-elements. For CN, the agreement is not as good, perhaps indicating the need for more physics input for low-mass stellar evolution. Similarly for the light elements, the predicted scatter is quite small, which is in contradiction to the observations of 3 He in HII regions. The models are tuned for the solar neighborhood so that good agreement with HII regions is not expected. This has important implications for low-mass stellar evolution and on using chemical evolution to determine the primordial light-element abundances in order to test big bang nucleosynthesis. copyright 1997 The American Astronomical Society

Correlations and discreteness in nonlinear QCD evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Armesto, N.; Milhano, J.

2006-01-01

We consider modifications of the standard nonlinear QCD evolution in an attempt to account for some of the missing ingredients discussed recently, such as correlations, discreteness in gluon emission and Pomeron loops. The evolution is numerically performed using the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation on individual configurations defined by a given initial value of the saturation scale, for reduced rapidities y=(α s N c /π)Y<10. We consider the effects of averaging over configurations as a way to implement correlations, using three types of Gaussian averaging around a mean saturation scale. Further, we heuristically mimic discreteness in gluon emission by considering a modified evolution in which the tails of the gluon distributions are cut off. The approach to scaling and the behavior of the saturation scale with rapidity in these modified evolutions are studied and compared with the standard mean-field results. For the large but finite values of rapidity explored, no strong quantitative difference in scaling for transverse momenta around the saturation scale is observed. At larger transverse momenta, the influence of the modifications in the evolution seems most noticeable in the first steps of the evolution. No influence on the rapidity behavior of the saturation scale due to the averaging procedure is found. In the cutoff evolution the rapidity evolution of the saturation scale is slowed down and strongly depends on the value of the cutoff. Our results stress the need to go beyond simple modifications of evolution by developing proper theoretical tools that implement such recently discussed ingredients

Chemical evolution of galaxies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matteucci, F.; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Frascati

1989-01-01

In principle, a good model of galactic chemical evolution should fulfil the majority of well established observational constraints. The goal of this paper is to review the observational data together with the existing chemical evolution models for the Milky Way (the disk), Blue Compact and Elliptical galaxies and to show how well the models can account for the observations. Some open problems and future prospects are also discussed. (author)

Co je společné a zásadní pro masožravé rostliny?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Adamec, Lubomír

2017-01-01

Roč. 65, č. 3 (2017), "LXXX"-"LXXXI" ISSN 0044-4812 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : carnivorous syndrome * nutrition ecology * evolution Subject RIV: EF - Botanics OBOR OECD: Plant sciences, botany

Oheň. Ovládnutí nového živlu a první využití jeho energie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Králik, M.; Svoboda, Jiří

2009-01-01

Roč. 10, - (2009), s. 40-43 ISSN 1213-1628 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80010507 Keywords : fire * human evolution * pyrotechnology * ceramics Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Towards an alternative evolution model.

Science.gov (United States)

van Waesberghe, H

1982-01-01

Lamarck and Darwin agreed on the inconstancy of species and on the exclusive gradualism of evolution (nature does not jump). Darwinism, revived as neo-Darwinism, was almost generally accepted from about 1930 till 1960. In the sixties the evolutionary importance of selection has been called in question by the neutralists. The traditional conception of the gene is disarranged by recent molecular-biological findings. Owing to the increasing confusion about the concept of genotype, this concept is reconsidered. The idea of the genotype as a cluster of genes is replaced by a cybernetical interpretation of the genotype. As nature does jump, exclusive gradualism is dismissed. Saltatory evolution is a natural phenomenon, provided by a sudden collapse of the thresholds which resist against evolution. The fossil record and the taxonomic system call for a macromutational interpretation. As Lamarck and Darwin overlooked the resistance of evolutionary thresholds, an alternative evolution model is needed, the first to be constructed on a palaeontological and taxonomic basis.

Adaptive evolution in ecological communities.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin M Turcotte

Full Text Available Understanding how natural selection drives evolution is a key challenge in evolutionary biology. Most studies of adaptation focus on how a single environmental factor, such as increased temperature, affects evolution within a single species. The biological relevance of these experiments is limited because nature is infinitely more complex. Most species are embedded within communities containing many species that interact with one another and the physical environment. To understand the evolutionary significance of such ecological complexity, experiments must test the evolutionary impact of interactions among multiple species during adaptation. Here we highlight an experiment that manipulates species composition and tracks evolutionary responses within each species, while testing for the mechanisms by which species interact and adapt to their environment. We also discuss limitations of previous studies of adaptive evolution and emphasize how an experimental evolution approach can circumvent such shortcomings. Understanding how community composition acts as a selective force will improve our ability to predict how species adapt to natural and human-induced environmental change.

Evolution of viral virulence: empirical studies

Science.gov (United States)

Kurath, Gael; Wargo, Andrew R.

2016-01-01

The concept of virulence as a pathogen trait that can evolve in response to selection has led to a large body of virulence evolution theory developed in the 1980-1990s. Various aspects of this theory predict increased or decreased virulence in response to a complex array of selection pressures including mode of transmission, changes in host, mixed infection, vector-borne transmission, environmental changes, host vaccination, host resistance, and co-evolution of virus and host. A fundamental concept is prediction of trade-offs between the costs and benefits associated with higher virulence, leading to selection of optimal virulence levels. Through a combination of observational and experimental studies, including experimental evolution of viruses during serial passage, many of these predictions have now been explored in systems ranging from bacteriophage to viruses of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrate hosts. This chapter summarizes empirical studies of viral virulence evolution in numerous diverse systems, including the classic models myxomavirus in rabbits, Marek's disease virus in chickens, and HIV in humans. Collectively these studies support some aspects of virulence evolution theory, suggest modifications for other aspects, and show that predictions may apply in some virus:host interactions but not in others. Finally, we consider how virulence evolution theory applies to disease management in the field.

Epochs of radioactivity in historical evolution of the earth with reference to evolution of biosphere

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neruchev, S.G.

1976-01-01

Periodic epochs of intense contamination of the medium by uranium in the course of the Earth's evolution and the biogene mechanism of uranium accumulation in sediments during the lifetime are established. Global differentiation of the radioactivity epochs and essential effect of periodic radiation on the evolution of biosphere are shown. Radiational-mutational mechanism in shown to be extremely nonuniform during the evolution of the organic kingdom. It has been found that the intermittency in radioactive epochs is responsible for peculiarities in the stratigraphic distribution of sedimentary uranium, sapropelic shales, phosphorites, oil-producing rocks and other minerals

Expressing stochastic unravellings using random evolution operators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salgado, D; Sanchez-Gomez, J L

2002-01-01

We prove how the form of the most general invariant stochastic unravelling for Markovian (recently given in the literature by Wiseman and Diosi) and non-Markovian but Lindblad-type open quantum systems can be attained by imposing a single mathematical condition upon the random evolution operator of the system, namely a.s. trace preservation (a.s. stands for almost surely). The use of random operators ensures the complete positivity of the density operator evolution and characterizes the linear/non-linear character of the evolution in a straightforward way. It is also shown how three quantum stochastic evolution models - continuous spontaneous localization, quantum state diffusion and quantum mechanics with universal position localization - appear as concrete choices for the noise term of the evolution random operators are assumed. We finally conjecture how these operators may in the future be used in two different directions: both to connect quantum stochastic evolution models with random properties of space-time and to handle noisy quantum logical gates

Lossless Conditional Schema Evolution

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Ole Guttorm; Bøhlen, Michael Hanspeter

2003-01-01

The paper considers conditional schema evolution, where schema changes change the schema of the tuples that satisfy the change condition. When the schema of a relation change some tuples may no longer fit the current schema. Handling the mismatch between the intended schema of tuples and the reco......The paper considers conditional schema evolution, where schema changes change the schema of the tuples that satisfy the change condition. When the schema of a relation change some tuples may no longer fit the current schema. Handling the mismatch between the intended schema of tuples...... and the recorded schema of tuples is at the core of a DBMS that supports schema evolution. We propose to keep track of schema mismatches at the level of individual tuples, and prove that conditionally evolving schemas, in contrast to current commercial database systems, are lossless when the schema evolves...

Student Visual Communication of Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Alandeom W.; Cook, Kristin

2017-01-01

Despite growing recognition of the importance of visual representations to science education, previous research has given attention mostly to verbal modalities of evolution instruction. Visual aspects of classroom learning of evolution are yet to be systematically examined by science educators. The present study attends to this issue by exploring…

Evolution of the TOR Pathway.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dam, T.J.P. van; Zwartkruis, F.J.; Bos, J.L.; Snel, B.

2011-01-01

The TOR kinase is a major regulator of growth in eukaryotes. Many components of the TOR pathway are implicated in cancer and metabolic diseases in humans. Analysis of the evolution of TOR and its pathway may provide fundamental insight into the evolution of growth regulation in eukaryotes and

Mammal Evolution, an mustrated Guide

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mammal Evolution, an mustrated Guide. R.J.G. Savage and M.R. Long. British Museum of Natural ... structural anatomy of fossils can be related to their probable function. The body of the text discusses the ... gnawers, rooters and browsers, mammals on island continents, hoofed herbivores and ftnally primate evolution,.

Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The 1982 model for the formation of Hulse–Taylor binary radio pulsar PSR B1913+16 is described, which since has become the 'standard model' for the formation of the double neutron stars, confirmed by the 2003 discovery of the double pulsar system PSR J0737-3039AB. A brief overview is given of the present status of ...

Verification of f(R-gravity in binary pulsars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dyadina Polina

2016-01-01

Full Text Available We develop the parameterized post-Keplerian approach for class of analytic f (R-gravity models. Using the double binary pulsar system PSR J0737-3039 data we obtain restrictions on the parameters of this class of f (R-models and show that f (R-gravity is not ruled out by the observations in strong field regime.

OMI and Ground-Based In-Situ Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Observations over Several Important European Cities during 2005–2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Spiru Paraschiv

2017-11-01

Full Text Available In this work we present the evolution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2 content over several important European cities during 2005–2014 using space observations and ground-based in-situ measurements. The NO2 content was derived using the daily observations provided by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI, while the NO2 volume mixing ratio measurements were obtained from the European Environment Agency (EEA air quality monitoring stations database. The European cities selected are: Athens (37.98° N, 23.72° E, Berlin (52.51° N, 13.41° E, Bucharest (44.43° N, 26.10° E, Madrid (40.38° N, 3.71° W, Lisbon (38.71° N, 9.13° W, Paris (48.85° N, 2.35° E, Rome (41.9° N, 12.50° E, and Rotterdam (51.91° N, 4.46° E. We show that OMI NO2 tropospheric column data can be used to assess the evolution of NO2 over important European cities. According to the statistical analysis, using the seasonal variation, we found good correlations (R > 0.50 between OMI and ground-based in-situ observations for all of the cities presented in this work. Highest correlation coefficients (R > 0.80 between ground-based monitoring stations and OMI observations were calculated for the cities of Berlin, Madrid, and Rome. Both types of observations, in-situ and remote sensing, show an NO2 negative trend for all of locations presented in this study.

Phylogeny, longevity and evolution of adaptive immunity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vinkler, Michal; Albrecht, Tomáš

2011-01-01

Roč. 60, č. 3 (2011), s. 277-282 ISSN 0139-7893 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/08/0640; GA ČR GA206/08/1281; GA ČR GAP505/10/1871 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : acquired immunity * evolutionary immunology * immunological priming * innate immunity * invertebrates Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 0.554, year: 2011

Regressive Evolution of Photosynthesis in the Roseobacter Clade

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Koblížek, M.; Zeng, Y.; Horák, Aleš; Oborník, Miroslav

2013-01-01

Roč. 66, č. 2013 (2013), s. 385-405 ISSN 0065-2296 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ED2.1.00/03.0110; GA ČR GBP501/12/G055 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : bacteriochlorophyll-a * bacteria * horizontal transfer Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.740, year: 2013

Schramm-Loewner evolution and Liouville quantum gravity.

Science.gov (United States)

Duplantier, Bertrand; Sheffield, Scott

2011-09-23

We show that when two boundary arcs of a Liouville quantum gravity random surface are conformally welded to each other (in a boundary length-preserving way) the resulting interface is a random curve called the Schramm-Loewner evolution. We also develop a theory of quantum fractal measures (consistent with the Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolochikov relation) and analyze their evolution under conformal welding maps related to Schramm-Loewner evolution. As an application, we construct quantum length and boundary intersection measures on the Schramm-Loewner evolution curve itself.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

Teunissen LL, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, van Gijn J. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage. A systemic review. Stroke 1996; 27: 544-549. 22. Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, Brass LM, Blake D, Fayad P, et al. A comparative study of cerebro- vascular complications of cocaine: alkaloidal versus hydrochloride. Neurology 1991 ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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2005-04-12

Apr 12, 2005 ... East and Central African Journal of Surgery. .... Any man who is over 40 years with a positive family history (Especially one with HPC-1 gene) warrants a ..... effects of fluid retention, venous & arterial thrombosis, cardiac toxicity, stroke. .... with insertion of an indwelling catheter or intermittent catheterization ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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aspiration Fine Needle Techniques in Cytodiagnosis of ... Kobusingye5 found a high incidence of cancer of 19.6% of nodules from histopathology reports at Mulago. ... from the surgical and medical Endocrine units as well as Breast unit. ..... was made in 48.8% of the patients while with ultrasonography it was 82.2%. Other.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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ut also because of its negative effects on the process of recovery. Its management has, however, remained a major challenge. Numerous myths and ... challenges encountered by health providers in their service to patients. health providers in ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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accounting for 10-11% of global mortality and 13% of all disability adjusted life years (DALYs)1-3. Major causes of ... Effective advanced communication .... Further, the financial strain on the healthcare system is significant. .... Mock C, Lormand JD, Goosen J, Joshipura M, Peden M. Guidelines for essential trauma care.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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One hundred and eighty-seven final year medical students completed the seven final ... best chance of survival. Health ... Ever bled. 41 subjects. Bleed - last 12 months. 27 subjects. No of times within the last 12 months 2-5 times. Nature of ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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Oesophageal perforation in anterior cervical spine plating: A Case report ... systems and careful long-term follow-up in patients with anterior cervical spine plating ... used for the operative treatment of disc herniation, spondylosis, and injuries.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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East and Central African Journal of Surgery. ... collaboration in the writing and editing of Surgical Care at the District Hospital, ... increasing availability of computers and huge developments in software technology such ... Emergency Surgery ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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East and Central African Journal of Surgery. ... as the 3D cone beam CT machines which reduce exposure to irradiations, .... effect is closely related to the depth of impaction and height of the body of the mandible. ... extraction based on mere speculation or expectation of a sequelae, however a joint committee on third molar.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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Pinder D, Hilton M. Dissection versus diathermy for tonsillectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD002211. 3. Gendy S, O'leary M, Colreavy M, Rowley H, O'Dwyer T, Blayney A. Tonsillectomy- cold dissection versus hot dissection: a prospective study. Ir Med J 2005; 98(10):243-4. 4. Leach J, Manning S, Schaefer ...

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results of aberrant vessels angiogenesis during embryogenesis (i.e. arterial, venous, capillary, lymphatic or mixed)3. They are classified clinically by their blood flow characteristics and can be described as “high flow” or “low flow” lesions4,5. Low flow lesions are more prevalent and consist of capillary, venous, lymphatic and.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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Rare Occurrence: Buruli Ulcers in Gulu, Northern Uganda. A Case report .... induration or diffuse swelling in the legs and arms9,10. Because of ... fever, which may partly explain why those affected often, do not seek prompt treatment. However ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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Background: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a grave condition with high morbidity and mortality. ... World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WFNS) grade 1. ... Hydrocephalus was seen as a co-existing condition in 13 % .... Head CT is also the most reliable test for predicting cerebral vasospasm and poor outcome20.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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embryonal tumour of the kidney that may contain the 3 germ cells: the stroma cells, the .... renal pelvis anatomy is distorted, the renal vessels could be obscured and ... Sembulingam M.: Cardiac output, in Essentials of Medical physiology, ed 5.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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clinically based on pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, urine output, and mental ... evaluated the published literature on this common problem, seeking ... emphasizes the role of treating uterine atony with drugs or manipulation, removing .... Bacterial contamination of stored blood is a significant risk because blood is, ...

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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unrelated to ganglion cysts and only one patient had to undergo surgical excision due to surgical excision due to ... the dorsum of foot and one each on the thenar aspect at the base of thumb, toe and popliteal fossa .... this minimally invasive, atraumatic procedure and no patient has returned with a recurrence till date .

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cause very rarely is fungal. Five types of infected .... The patient later developed ischemic symptoms in his right leg with intermittent claudication. He had to .... Salmonella species. Few cases of aneurysm caused by Tb have been described. Our cases have presented with abdominal pain, pulsating mass and a bruit. Our first.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. Afr. J. surg. (Online) 90 East ...

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in size, may present during adolescence. The condition is correctible though there is need for screening and early detection in children through national Health Policy interventions. Introduction. Testicular maldescent or crytorchidism is the most common anomaly of the genitalia with an incidence of approximately 1% in ...

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The majority (64%) of all cases were from rural area. .... Arnic et al20 on pulmonary hydatid cyst cases, chest pain (44.9%) and cough (37.6%) were the ... An analysis of hydatid cyst surgeries in patients referred to hospitals in Khorram- Abad,.

ISSN 2073 ISSN 2073-9990 East Cent. East Cent. East Cent. Afr. J.

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2ENT Unit, Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Lagos. 3ENT Department, University ... the occurrence of wax impaction among these school children. the occurrence of wax ... school performance. school performance.

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Peritoneal Drains in Perforated Appendicitis without Peritonitis: A Prospective. Randomized ... of tube drainage provided (without suction) while the remaining 45 had no provided (without ..... with drains. Significance of the outcome measures.

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gender, mean operating time, volume of fluid collection in thyroid bed, ... appears to confer several advantages over the routine drainage method and achieves significant reduction of hospital stay, which led to a reduction in costs for the patients ... than 30 ml in 24 hours following which the patients were discharged.

Evolution of helping and harming in heterogeneous groups.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigues, António M M; Gardner, Andy

2013-08-01

Social groups are often composed of individuals who differ in many respects. Theoretical studies on the evolution of helping and harming behaviors have largely focused upon genetic differences between individuals. However, nongenetic variation between group members is widespread in natural populations, and may mediate differences in individuals' social behavior. Here, we develop a framework to study how variation in individual quality mediates the evolution of unconditional and conditional social traits. We investigate the scope for the evolution of social traits that are conditional on the quality of the actor and/or recipients. We find that asymmetries in individual quality can lead to the evolution of plastic traits with different individuals expressing helping and harming traits within the same group. In this context, population viscosity can mediate the evolution of social traits, and local competition can promote both helping and harming behaviors. Furthermore, asymmetries in individual quality can lead to the evolution of competition-like traits between clonal individuals. Overall, we highlight the importance of asymmetries in individual quality, including differences in reproductive value and the ability to engage in successful social interactions, in mediating the evolution of helping and harming behaviors. © 2013 The Author(s). Evolution © 2013 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Review of chromosome races in blind mole rats (Spalax and Nannospalax)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Arslan, A.; Kryštufek, B.; Matur, F.; Zima, Jan

2016-01-01

Roč. 65, č. 4 (2016), s. 249-301 ISSN 0139-7893 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : karyotype * evolution * cytotypes * speciation Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 0.739, year: 2016

A new endophytic insect-associated Daldinia species, recognised from a comparison of secondary metabolite profiles and molecular phylogeny

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pažoutová, Sylvie; Follert, S.; Bitzer, J.; Keck, M.; Surup, F.; Šrůtka, P.; Holuša, J.; Stadler, M.

2013-01-01

Roč. 60, č. 1 (2013), s. 107-123 ISSN 1560-2745 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Fungi * Endophytes * Evolution Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 6.938, year: 2013

A cryptic taxon rather than a hybrid species of Tragopogon (Asteraceae) from the Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mavrodiev, E. V.; Krahulec, František; Soltis, D. E.; Soltis, P.S.

2013-01-01

Roč. 68, č. 1 (2013), s. 133-141 ISSN 0075-5974 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : DNA-sequence polyformism * nuclear ribosomal DNA * miscellus Asteraceae * evolution * fertility Subject RIV: EF - Botanics

A deep phylogeny of viral and cellular right-hand polymerases

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Černý, Jiří; Černá Bolfíková, B.; Zanotto, P. M. de A.; Grubhoffer, Libor; Růžek, Daniel

2015-01-01

Roč. 36, 2015-Dec (2015), s. 275-286 ISSN 1567-1348 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP502/11/2116; GA ČR GA15-03044S; GA ČR GAP302/12/2490; GA MŠk(CZ) EE2.3.30.0032 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 278976 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : Right-hand polymerase * Polymerase evolution * Virus evolution * Structural evolution * Protein tertiary structure Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 2.591, year: 2015

Evolutive and nonlinear vibrations of rotor on aerodynamic bearings

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Půst, Ladislav; Kozánek, Jan

2007-01-01

Roč. 2007, č. 50 (2007), s. 829-840 ISSN 0924-090X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA101/06/1787 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20760514 Keywords : rotordynamics * aerodynamic bearings * vibrations Subject RIV: BI - Acoustics Impact factor: 1.045, year: 2007

Geohistory. Global evolution of the earth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ozima, Minoru

1987-01-01

A full understanding of the earth's evolution can be achieved only by considering it as a continuous process starting with the birth of the solar system. This book traces the evolution of the earth, mainly on the basis of radiogenic isotopes from long half-life parent elements, and discusses it in terms of the latest developments in astrophysical theory, which impose unique constraints on the earth's origin and early evolution. By its 'historical' nature, geohistorical study also offers a unique approach to forecasting the future of the earth, yielding useful clues for the understanding of environmental problems, such as radioactive waste disposal. This book aims to provide an outline of global evolution of the planet earth for students of general science and for earth scientists.

The evolution of mollusc shells.

Science.gov (United States)

McDougall, Carmel; Degnan, Bernard M

2018-05-01

Molluscan shells are externally fabricated by specialized epithelial cells on the dorsal mantle. Although a conserved set of regulatory genes appears to underlie specification of mantle progenitor cells, the genes that contribute to the formation of the mature shell are incredibly diverse. Recent comparative analyses of mantle transcriptomes and shell proteomes of gastropods and bivalves are consistent with shell diversity being underpinned by a rapidly evolving mantle secretome (suite of genes expressed in the mantle that encode secreted proteins) that is the product of (a) high rates of gene co-option into and loss from the mantle gene regulatory network, and (b) the rapid evolution of coding sequences, particular those encoding repetitive low complexity domains. Outside a few conserved genes, such as carbonic anhydrase, a so-called "biomineralization toolkit" has yet to be discovered. Despite this, a common suite of protein domains, which are often associated with the extracellular matrix and immunity, appear to have been independently and often uniquely co-opted into the mantle secretomes of different species. The evolvability of the mantle secretome provides a molecular explanation for the evolution and diversity of molluscan shells. These genomic processes are likely to underlie the evolution of other animal biominerals, including coral and echinoderm skeletons. This article is categorized under: Comparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity Comparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Radiation and the evolution of life

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gentner, N.E.; Myers, D.K.

1980-08-01

A general review is presented of the nature of various forms of radiation; radiant energy which reaches the earth from the sun; the role of this energy in prebiotic chemical evolution; current ideas on the origin of life; the dependence of living organisms upon radiant energy; the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of life, from the viewpoint of modern genetics and molecular biology; the biological consequences of alterations in the genetic material; and the role of ionizing radiation in production of genetic changes and in evolution. In the final analysis, the biosynthetic processes of life are driven by radiant energy from the sun. This overview is necessarily focussed on the infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions of the solar output spectrum since these particular radiations are responsible for most of the radiant energy that reaches the earth's surface. Ionizing radiation appears to have played at best a minor role in biological evolution. Small increments in the amounts of ionizing radiation are therefore unlikely to have a significant effect on life or its evolution. (auth)

Mapping the evolution of scientific ideas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roberts, David C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Herrera, Mark [UNIV OF MARYLAND; Gulbahce, Natali [NORTHEASTERN UNIV

2008-01-01

The importance of interdisciplinary research is ever increasing as challenging world problems require expertise across diverse fields. Despite the apparent conceptual boundaries of scientific fields, a formal description for their evolution is lacking. Here we describe a novel approach to study the dynamics and evolution of scientific ideas and fields using a network-based analysis. We build a idea network consisting of American Physical Society Pacs numbers as nodes representing scientific concepts. Two Pacs numbers are linked in the network if there exist publications that reference them simultaneously. We locate scientific fields using an overlapping community finding algorithm and describe the time evolution of these fields using a community evolution method over the course of 1985-2006. We find that the communities we find map to scientific fields, the lifetime of these fields strongly depends on their size, impact and activity, and longest living communities are least volatile. The described approach to quantify the evolution of ideas is expected to be relevant in making predictions about the future of science and how to guide its development.

Nitrogen evolution during rapid hydropyrolysis of coal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, W.-C.; Kumagai, M. [Institute of Research and Innovation, Kashiwa (Japan)

2002-12-01

The behavior of nitrogen evolution during rapid hydropyrolysis of coal has been investigated at temperatures ranging from 923 to 1123 K and hydrogen pressure up to 5 MPa using a continuous free fall pyrolyzer. Three coals have been tested in this study. The dominant nitrogen gaseous species is ammonia, together with a little amount of HCN because most of HCN is converted to NH{sub 3} through secondary reactions. The results show that the evolution of nitrogen in coal is caused mainly by devolatilization at temperatures below 973 K, while the evolution of volatile nitrogen in char is accelerated with increasing temperature and hydrogen pressure. The mineral matter in coal act as catalysts to promote the evolution of volatile nitrogen in char to N{sub 2} apparently at high temperatures of 1123 K, as found during pyrolysis of coal by Ohtsuka et al. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was applied to the evolution of nitrogen in coal during rapid hydropyrolysis. The model shows the activation energy for the nitrogen evolution from coal is 36.6 58.6 kJ/mol while the rate of the nitrogen evolution depends on hydrogen pressure in the order of 0.16 0.24. 41 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.

Nonlinear evolution of MHD instabilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bateman, G.; Hicks, H.R.; Wooten, J.W.; Dory, R.A.

1975-01-01

A 3-D nonlinear MHD computer code was used to study the time evolution of internal instabilities. Velocity vortex cells are observed to persist into the nonlinear evolution. Pressure and density profiles convect around these cells for a weak localized instability, or convect into the wall for a strong instability. (U.S.)

An x-space analysis of evolution equations: Soffer's inequality and the non-forward evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cafarella, Alessandro; Coriano, Claudio; Guzzi, Marco

2003-01-01

We analyze the use of algorithms based in x-space for the solution of renormalization group equations of DGLAP-type and test their consistency by studying bounds among partons distributions - in our specific case Soffer's inequality and the perturbative behaviour of the nucleon tensor charge - to next-to-leading order in QCD. A discussion of the perturbative resummation implicit in these expansions using Mellin moments is included. We also comment on the (kinetic) proof of positivity of the evolution of h1, using a kinetic analogy and illustrate the extension of the algorithm to the evolution of generalized parton distributions. We prove positivity of the non-forward evolution in a special case and illustrate a Fokker-Planck approximation to it. (author)

Developing theology for evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chris Wiltsher

2013-07-01

Full Text Available This speculative paper explores one idea for approaching some of the problems which arise when the doctrines of Christian theology meet the current scientific understanding of evolution through natural selection. The main suggestion is that Christian theology should relax the requirement that God controls everything. Some implications of this move are explored, with a brief look at how similar ideas might be of use for non-Christian religions entering into dialogue with the theory of evolution

Software evolution with XVCL

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Weishan; Jarzabek, Stan; Zhang, Hongyu

2004-01-01

This chapter introduces software evolution with XVCL (XML-based Variant Configuration Language), which is an XML-based metaprogramming technique. As the software evolves, a large number of variants may arise, especially whtn such kinds of evolutions are related to multiple platforms as shown in our...... case study. Handling variants and tracing the impact of variants across the development lifecycle is a challenge. This chapter shows how we can maintain different versions of software in a reuse-based way....

Evolution of massive stars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loore, C. de

1984-01-01

The evolution of stars with masses larger than 15 sun masses is reviewed. These stars have large convective cores and lose a substantial fraction of their matter by stellar wind. The treatment of convection and the parameterisation of the stellar wind mass loss are analysed within the context of existing disagreements between theory and observation. The evolution of massive close binaries and the origin of Wolf-Rayet Stars and X-ray binaries is also sketched. (author)

Novel Random Mutagenesis Method for Directed Evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Hong; Wang, Hai-Yan; Zhao, Hong-Yan

2017-01-01

Directed evolution is a powerful strategy for gene mutagenesis, and has been used for protein engineering both in scientific research and in the biotechnology industry. The routine method for directed evolution was developed by Stemmer in 1994 (Stemmer, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 10747-10751, 1994; Stemmer, Nature 370, 389-391, 1994). Since then, various methods have been introduced, each of which has advantages and limitations depending upon the targeted genes and procedure. In this chapter, a novel alternative directed evolution method which combines mutagenesis PCR with dITP and fragmentation by endonuclease V is described. The kanamycin resistance gene is used as a reporter gene to verify the novel method for directed evolution. This method for directed evolution has been demonstrated to be efficient, reproducible, and easy to manipulate in practice.

POET: Planetary Orbital Evolution due to Tides

Science.gov (United States)

Penev, Kaloyan

2014-08-01

POET (Planetary Orbital Evolution due to Tides) calculates the orbital evolution of a system consisting of a single star with a single planet in orbit under the influence of tides. The following effects are The evolutions of the semimajor axis of the orbit due to the tidal dissipation in the star and the angular momentum of the stellar convective envelope by the tidal coupling are taken into account. In addition, the evolution includes the transfer of angular momentum between the stellar convective and radiative zones, effect of the stellar evolution on the tidal dissipation efficiency, and stellar core and envelope spins and loss of stellar convective zone angular momentum to a magnetically launched wind. POET can be used out of the box, and can also be extended and modified.

Embodied Evolution in Collective Robotics: A Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Bredeche

2018-02-01

Full Text Available This article provides an overview of evolutionary robotics techniques applied to online distributed evolution for robot collectives, namely, embodied evolution. It provides a definition of embodied evolution as well as a thorough description of the underlying concepts and mechanisms. This article also presents a comprehensive summary of research published in the field since its inception around the year 2000, providing various perspectives to identify the major trends. In particular, we identify a shift from considering embodied evolution as a parallel search method within small robot collectives (fewer than 10 robots to embodied evolution as an online distributed learning method for designing collective behaviors in swarm-like collectives. This article concludes with a discussion of applications and open questions, providing a milestone for past and an inspiration for future research.

Pulse pressure is not an independent predictor of outcome in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Theilade, S; Claggett, B; Hansen, T W

2015-01-01

Pulse pressure (PP) remains an elusive cardiovascular risk factor with inconsistent findings. We clarified the prognostic value in patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia in the Trial to Reduce cardiovascular Events with Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) Therapy. In 4038......, CKD and anemia, PP did not independently predict cardiovascular events or ESRD. This may reflect confounding by aggressive antihypertensive treatment, or PP may be too rough a risk marker in these high-risk patients....

Perceiving prospects properly

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Steiner, Jakub; Stewart, C.

2016-01-01

Roč. 106, č. 7 (2016), s. 1601-1631 ISSN 0002-8282 Institutional support: RVO:67985998 Keywords : evolution * perception bias * prospect theory Subject RIV: AH - Economics Impact factor: 4.026, year: 2016

Pollen limitation and pollinator preferences in Scorzonera hispanica

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Červenková, Z.; Münzbergová, Zuzana

2014-01-01

Roč. 16, č. 5 (2014), s. 967-972 ISSN 1435-8603 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : evolution * floral display * generative reproduction Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 2.633, year: 2014

Algae

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Raven, John A.; Giordano, Mario

2014-01-01

Roč. 24, č. 13 (2014), s. 590-595 ISSN 0960-9822 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : algae * life cycle * evolution Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 9.571, year: 2014

Time evolution in quantum cosmology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lawrie, Ian D.

2011-01-01

A commonly adopted relational account of time evolution in generally covariant systems, and more specifically in quantum cosmology, is argued to be unsatisfactory, insofar as it describes evolution relative to observed readings of a clock that does not exist as a bona fide observable object. A modified strategy is proposed, in which evolution relative to the proper time that elapses along the worldline of a specific observer can be described through the introduction of a ''test clock,'' regarded as internal to, and hence unobservable by, that observer. This strategy is worked out in detail in the case of a homogeneous cosmology, in the context of both a conventional Schroedinger quantization scheme, and a 'polymer' quantization scheme of the kind inspired by loop quantum gravity. Particular attention is given to limitations placed on the observability of time evolution by the requirement that a test clock should contribute only a negligible energy to the Hamiltonian constraint. It is found that suitable compromises are available, in which the clock energy is reasonably small, while Dirac observables are reasonably sharply defined.

Modelling microstructural evolution under irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tikare, V.

2015-01-01

Microstructural evolution of materials under irradiation is characterised by some unique features that are not typically present in other application environments. While much understanding has been achieved by experimental studies, the ability to model this microstructural evolution for complex materials states and environmental conditions not only enhances understanding, it also enables prediction of materials behaviour under conditions that are difficult to duplicate experimentally. Furthermore, reliable models enable designing materials for improved engineering performance for their respective applications. Thus, development and application of mesoscale microstructural model are important for advancing nuclear materials technologies. In this chapter, the application of the Potts model to nuclear materials will be reviewed and demonstrated, as an example of microstructural evolution processes. (author)

Topological structure of the solution set for evolution inclusions

CERN Document Server

Zhou, Yong; Peng, Li

2017-01-01

This book systematically presents the topological structure of solution sets and attractability for nonlinear evolution inclusions, together with its relevant applications in control problems and partial differential equations. It provides readers the background material needed to delve deeper into the subject and explore the rich research literature.  In addition, the book addresses many of the basic techniques and results recently developed in connection with this theory, including the structure of solution sets for evolution inclusions with m-dissipative operators; quasi-autonomous and non-autonomous evolution inclusions and control systems;evolution inclusions with the Hille-Yosida operator; functional evolution inclusions; impulsive evolution inclusions; and stochastic evolution inclusions. Several applications of evolution inclusions and control systems are also discussed in detail.  Based on extensive research work conducted by the authors and other experts over the past four years, the information p...

Effects of mass loss on the evolution of massive stars. I. Main-sequence evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dearborn, D.S.P.; Blake, J.B.; Hainebach, K.L.; Schramm, D.N.

1978-01-01

The effect of mass loss on the evolution and surface composition of massive stars during main-sequence evolution are examined. While some details of the evolutionary track depend on the formula used for the mass loss, the results appear most sensitive to the total mass removed during the main-sequence lifetime. It was found that low mass-loss rates have very little effect on the evolution of a star; the track is slightly subluminous, but the lifetime is almost unaffected. High rates of mass loss lead to a hot, high-luminosity stellar model with a helium core surrounded by a hydrogen-deficient (Xapprox.0.1) envelope. The main-sequence lifetime is extended by a factor of 2--3. These models may be identified with Wolf-Rayet stars. Between these mass-loss extremes are intermediate models which appear as OBN stars on the main sequence. The mass-loss rates required for significant observable effects range from 8 x 10 -7 to 10 -5 M/sub sun/ yr -1 , depending on the initial stellar mass. It is found that observationally consistent mass-loss rates for stars with M> or =30 M/sub sun/ may be sufficiently high that these stars lose mass on a time scale more rapidly than their main-sequence core evolution time. This result implies that the helium cores resulting from the main-sequence evolution of these massive stars may all be very similar to that of a star of Mapprox.30 M/sub sun/ regardless of the zero-age mass

Evolution of interstellar grains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Greenberg, J.M.

1984-01-01

The principal aim of this chapter is to derive the properties of interstellar grains as a probe of local physical conditions and as a basis for predicting such properties as related to infrared emissivity and radiative transfer which can affect the evolution of dense clouds. The first sections will develop the criteria for grain models based directly on observations of gas and dust. A summary of the chemical evolution of grains and gas in diffuse and dense clouds follows. (author)

Validering av Evolution 220

OpenAIRE

Krakeli, Tor-Arne

2013-01-01

- Det har blitt kjøpt inn et nytt spektrofotometer (Evolution 220, Thermo Scientific) til BioLab Nofima. I den forbindelsen har det blitt utført en validering som involverer kalibreringsstandarder fra produsenten og en test på normal distribusjon (t-test) på to metoder (Total fosfor, Tryptofan). Denne valideringen fant Evolution 220 til å være et akseptabelt alternativ til det allerede benyttede spektrofotometeret (Helios Beta). På bakgrunn av noen instrumentbegrensninger må de aktuelle an...

Reflecting on the philosophical implications of evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.H. Horn

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Evolution as paradigm is a prescribed topic in contemporary South African education. This means that macro-evolution – the idea that life evolved progressively from inert matter to humankind’s coming into being – must form the foundation of South African education. The aim of this article is to reflect, in a spirit of respectful yet critical enquiry, on three issues with regard to macro-evolution: First, the theory of macro-evolution is placed in its historical context which indicates that although this theory owes its widespread acceptance to Charles Darwin, it did not originate with him. Second, the scientific status of the theory of macro-evolution is scrutinised. Karl Popper’s view of this theory as a metaphysical framework for research is given, accompanied by a brief discussion. Third, three evolutionary worldviews are identified and discussed.

Conceptualizing the origin of life in terms of evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Takeuchi, N.; Hogeweg, P.; Kaneko, K.

2017-11-01

In this opinion piece, we discuss how to place evolution in the context of origin-of-life research. Our discussion starts with a popular definition: `life is a self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution'. According to this definition, the origin of life is the same as the origin of evolution: evolution is the `end' of the origin of life. This perspective, however, has a limitation, in that the ability of evolution in and of itself is insufficient to explain the origin of life as we know it, as indicated by Spiegelman's and Lincoln and Joyce's experiments. This limitation provokes a crucial question: What conditions are required for replicating systems to evolve into life? From this perspective, the origin of life includes the emergence of life through evolution: evolution is a `means' of the origin of life. After reviewing Eigen's pioneering work on this question, we mention our ongoing work suggesting that a key condition might be conflicting multi-level evolution. Taken together, there are thus two questions regarding the origin of life: how evolution gets started, and how evolution produces life. Evolution is, therefore, at the centre of the origin of life, where the two lines of enquiry must meet. This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.

The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey - VII. A dense filament with extremely long H I streams

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Taylor, Rhys; Minchin, R.F.; Herbst, H.; Davies, J.I.; Vazquez, C.

2014-01-01

Roč. 443, č. 3 (2014), s. 2634-2649 ISSN 0035-8711 Institutional support: RVO:67985815 Keywords : galaxies * evolution * interactions Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics Impact factor: 5.107, year: 2014

Bats carry pathogenic hepadnaviruses antigenically related to hepatitis B virus and capable of infecting human hepatocytes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Drexler, J. F.; Geipel, A.; König, A.; Corman, V. M.; Van Riel, D.; Leijten, L. M.; Bremer, C. M.; Rasche, A.; Cottontail, V. M.; Maganga, G. D.; Schlegel, M.; Müller, M. A.; Adam, A.; Klose, S. M.; Borges Carneiro, A. J.; Stöcker, A.; Franke, C. R.; Gloza-Rausch, F.; Geyer, J.; Annan, A.; Adu-Sarkodie, Y.; Oppong, S.; Binger, T.; Vallo, Peter; Tschapka, M.; Ulrich, R. G.; Gerlich, W. H.; Leroy, E.; Kuiken, T.; Glebe, D.; Drosten, C.

2013-01-01

Roč. 110, č. 40 (2013), s. 16151-16156 ISSN 0027-8424 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Evolution * Zoonosis * Virome * Metagenomics * Reverse genetics Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 9.809, year: 2013

Generic diversity and distributional dynamics of the Palaeobatrachidae (Amphibia: Anura)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Wuttke, M.; Přikryl, Tomáš; Ratnikov, V. Y.; Dvořák, Z.; Roček, Zbyněk

2012-01-01

Roč. 92, č. 3 (2012), s. 367-395 ISSN 1867-1594 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z30130516 Keywords : Anura * Anura (Europe) * evolution * osteology * Palaeobatrachidae * palaeogeography Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy

Structural evolution of ZTA composites during synthesis and processing

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Exare, C.; Kiat, J. M.; Guiblin, N.; Porcher, F.; Petříček, Václav

2015-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 4 (2015), s. 1273-1283 ISSN 0955-2219 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA14-03276S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : ceramic s * alumina–zirconia composites * structural properties * strain effect * size effect Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation Impact factor: 2.933, year: 2015

40 CFR 403.8 - Pretreatment Program Requirements: Development and Implementation by POTW.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GENERAL PRE-TREAT-MENT REGULATIONS FOR EXIST-ING AND... applicable civil and criminal penalties for violation of Pretreatment Standards and requirements, and any... authority to seek or assess civil or criminal penalties in at least the amount of $1,000 a day for each...

Outwards pointing hysteresis operators and asymptotic behaviour of evolution equations

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Klein, O.; Krejčí, Pavel

2003-01-01

Roč. 4, č. 5 (2003), s. 755-785 ISSN 1468-1218 Keywords : hysteresis operators * Prandtl-Ishlinskii operator * asymptotic behaviour Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.257, year: 2003 http://www.wias-berlin.de/preprint/748/wias_preprints_748.pdf

Spatial evolution of quantum mechanical states

Science.gov (United States)

Christensen, N. D.; Unger, J. E.; Pinto, S.; Su, Q.; Grobe, R.

2018-02-01

The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved traditionally as an initial-time value problem, where its solution is obtained by the action of the unitary time-evolution propagator on the quantum state that is known at all spatial locations but only at t = 0. We generalize this approach by examining the spatial evolution from a state that is, by contrast, known at all times t, but only at one specific location. The corresponding spatial-evolution propagator turns out to be pseudo-unitary. In contrast to the real energies that govern the usual (unitary) time evolution, the spatial evolution can therefore require complex phases associated with dynamically relevant solutions that grow exponentially. By introducing a generalized scalar product, for which the spatial generator is Hermitian, one can show that the temporal integral over the probability current density is spatially conserved, in full analogy to the usual norm of the state, which is temporally conserved. As an application of the spatial propagation formalism, we introduce a spatial backtracking technique that permits us to reconstruct any quantum information about an atom from the ionization data measured at a detector outside the interaction region.

Mapping the evolution of scientific ideas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roberts, David [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Herrera, Mark [UNIV OF MARYLAND; Gulbahce, Natali [UNIV OF BOSTON

2009-01-01

Despite the apparent conceptual boundaries of scientific fields, a formal description for their evolution is lacking. Here we describe a novel approach to study the dynamics and evolution of scientific fields using a network-based analysis. We build an idea network consisting of American Physical Society PACS numbers as nodes representing scientific concepts. Two PACS numbers are linked if there exist publications that reference them simultaneously. We locate scientific fields using Cfinder, an overlapping community finding algorithm, and describe the time evolution of these fields using a community evolution method over the course of 1985-2006. The communities we identify map to known scientific fields, and their age strongly depends on t.heir size, impact and activity. Our analysis further suggests that communities that redefine themselves by merging and creating new groups of ideas tend to have more fitness as measured by the impact per paper, and hence communities with a higher fitness tend to be short-lived. The described approach to quantify the evolution of ideas may be relevant in making predictions about the future of science and how to guide its development.

Uniparental Inheritance Promotes Adaptive Evolution in Cytoplasmic Genomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Christie, Joshua R; Beekman, Madeleine

2017-03-01

Eukaryotes carry numerous asexual cytoplasmic genomes (mitochondria and plastids). Lacking recombination, asexual genomes should theoretically suffer from impaired adaptive evolution. Yet, empirical evidence indicates that cytoplasmic genomes experience higher levels of adaptive evolution than predicted by theory. In this study, we use a computational model to show that the unique biology of cytoplasmic genomes-specifically their organization into host cells and their uniparental (maternal) inheritance-enable them to undergo effective adaptive evolution. Uniparental inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes decreases competition between different beneficial substitutions (clonal interference), promoting the accumulation of beneficial substitutions. Uniparental inheritance also facilitates selection against deleterious cytoplasmic substitutions, slowing Muller's ratchet. In addition, uniparental inheritance generally reduces genetic hitchhiking of deleterious substitutions during selective sweeps. Overall, uniparental inheritance promotes adaptive evolution by increasing the level of beneficial substitutions relative to deleterious substitutions. When we assume that cytoplasmic genome inheritance is biparental, decreasing the number of genomes transmitted during gametogenesis (bottleneck) aids adaptive evolution. Nevertheless, adaptive evolution is always more efficient when inheritance is uniparental. Our findings explain empirical observations that cytoplasmic genomes-despite their asexual mode of reproduction-can readily undergo adaptive evolution. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Stable numerical method in computation of stellar evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugimoto, Daiichiro; Eriguchi, Yoshiharu; Nomoto, Ken-ichi.

1982-01-01

To compute the stellar structure and evolution in different stages, such as (1) red-giant stars in which the density and density gradient change over quite wide ranges, (2) rapid evolution with neutrino loss or unstable nuclear flashes, (3) hydrodynamical stages of star formation or supernova explosion, (4) transition phases from quasi-static to dynamical evolutions, (5) mass-accreting or losing stars in binary-star systems, and (6) evolution of stellar core whose mass is increasing by shell burning or decreasing by penetration of convective envelope into the core, we face ''multi-timescale problems'' which can neither be treated by simple-minded explicit scheme nor implicit one. This problem has been resolved by three prescriptions; one by introducing the hybrid scheme suitable for the multi-timescale problems of quasi-static evolution with heat transport, another by introducing also the hybrid scheme suitable for the multi-timescale problems of hydrodynamic evolution, and the other by introducing the Eulerian or, in other words, the mass fraction coordinate for evolution with changing mass. When all of them are combined in a single computer code, we can compute numerically stably any phase of stellar evolution including transition phases, as far as the star is spherically symmetric. (author)

Mapping the evolution of scientific fields.

Science.gov (United States)

Herrera, Mark; Roberts, David C; Gulbahce, Natali

2010-05-04

Despite the apparent cross-disciplinary interactions among scientific fields, a formal description of their evolution is lacking. Here we describe a novel approach to study the dynamics and evolution of scientific fields using a network-based analysis. We build an idea network consisting of American Physical Society Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) numbers as nodes representing scientific concepts. Two PACS numbers are linked if there exist publications that reference them simultaneously. We locate scientific fields using a community finding algorithm, and describe the time evolution of these fields over the course of 1985-2006. The communities we identify map to known scientific fields, and their age depends on their size and activity. We expect our approach to quantifying the evolution of ideas to be relevant for making predictions about the future of science and thus help to guide its development.

Framework for Computer-Aided Evolution of Object-Oriented Designs

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ciraci, S.; van den Broek, P.M.; Aksit, Mehmet

2008-01-01

In this paper, we describe a framework for the computer aided evolution of the designs of object-oriented software systems. Evolution mechanisms are software structures that prepare software for certain type of evolutions. The framework uses a database which holds the evolution mechanisms, modeled

Evolution to Autonomy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Horace Lockwood Fairlamb

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Since both modern moral theory and evolutionary theory arose in the shadow of Newtonian and Humean conceptions of nature, debates about evolutionary ethics have typically been vexed by deeper problems with the nature of evolution itself as well as meta-ethical questions about the link between facts and values. Humean skepticism and mechanistic selectionism have recently coincided in postmodern attacks on essentialism,on meta-narratives of progress, on models of human nature, and on moral collectivism. Against this most recent wave of skepticism, however, contemporary reconstructions of evolution in light of complex systems science suggest useful ways of reinterpreting both evolutionary causation, the biology of human nature, and their implications for ethics.

Human evolution: humanistic selection and looking to the future.

Science.gov (United States)

Krsiak, Miloslav

2006-10-01

Cultural evolution has predominated over biological evolution in modern man (Homo sapiens sapiens). Cultural evolution differs from biological evolution not only by inheritance of acquired characteristics but also, as is proposed in the present essay, by another kind of selection mechanism. Whereas selection in biological evolution is executed according to a criterion of reproductive success (the natural selection), selection in cultural evolution appears to be carried out according to human and humanistic criteria (success or fitness in meeting human needs, interests and humanistic values--"humanistic selection"). Many humanistic needs or values do not seem to be prerequisite for reproductive success, yet some of them (e.g. a need for freedom) seem to be inborn. Innateness, humanistic selection (decisive at a community level) and hierarchy of some human needs, interests and values appear to give cultural evolution a generally upward trend although long periods of stagnation or even regression may occur. Modern humans appear to be still at the early stage of their cultural evolution. A further cultural evolution of man appears to be, in contrast to biological evolution, predictable (with an optimistic outlook) and testable. The problem is that the hopeful result of this test will probably be known only in the fairly remote future provided that this species will not become extinct before that.

Quasistatic evolution of magnetoelastic plates via dimension reduction

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kružík, Martin; Stefanelli, U.; Zanini, Ch.

2015-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 12 (2015), s. 5999-6013 ISSN 1078-0947 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP201/10/0357; GA ČR GA14-15264S Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : magnetoelasticity * energetic solution * existence * dimension reduction Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 1.127, year: 2015 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2015/MTR/kruzik-0444502.pdf

Regressive Evolution of Photosynthesis in the Roseobacter Clade

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Koblížek, Michal; Zeng, Yonghui; Horák, A.; Oborník, Miroslav

2013-01-01

Roč. 66, č. 2013 (2013), s. 385-405 ISSN 0065-2296 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP501/10/0221; GA ČR GBP501/12/G055; GA MŠk ED2.1.00/03.0110 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : roseobacter clade * photosynthesis * marine microbial communities Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 1.740, year: 2013

Evolution equations for Killing fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coll, B.

1977-01-01

The problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions on the Cauchy data for Einstein equations which insure the existence of Killing fields in a neighborhood of an initial hypersurface has been considered recently by Berezdivin, Coll, and Moncrief. Nevertheless, it can be shown that the evolution equations obtained in all these cases are of nonstrictly hyperbolic type, and, thus, the Cauchy data must belong to a special class of functions. We prove here that, for the vacuum and Einstein--Maxwell space--times and in a coordinate independent way, one can always choose, as evolution equations for the Killing fields, a strictly hyperbolic system: The above theorems can be thus extended to all Cauchy data for which the Einstein evolution problem has been proved to be well set