Talys calculations for evaluation of neutron-induced single-event upset cross sections

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourselier, Jean-Christophe

2005-08-15

The computer code TALYS has been used to calculate interactions between cosmic-ray neutrons and silicon nuclei with the goal to describe single-event upset (SEU) cross sections in microelectronics devices. Calculations for the Si(n,X) reaction extend over an energy range of 2 to 200 MeV. The obtained energy spectra of the resulting residuals and light-ions have been integrated using several different critical charges as SEU threshold. It is found that the SEU cross section seems largely to be dominated by {sup 28}Si recoils from elastic scattering. Furthermore, the shape of the SEU cross section as a function of the energy of the incoming neutron changes drastically with decreasing critical charge. The results presented in this report stress the importance of performing studies at mono-energetic neutron beams to advance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing SEUs.

Talys calculations for evaluation of neutron-induced single-event upset cross sections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bourselier, Jean-Christophe

2005-08-01

The computer code TALYS has been used to calculate interactions between cosmic-ray neutrons and silicon nuclei with the goal to describe single-event upset (SEU) cross sections in microelectronics devices. Calculations for the Si(n,X) reaction extend over an energy range of 2 to 200 MeV. The obtained energy spectra of the resulting residuals and light-ions have been integrated using several different critical charges as SEU threshold. It is found that the SEU cross section seems largely to be dominated by 28 Si recoils from elastic scattering. Furthermore, the shape of the SEU cross section as a function of the energy of the incoming neutron changes drastically with decreasing critical charge. The results presented in this report stress the importance of performing studies at mono-energetic neutron beams to advance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing SEUs

Calculation of cosmic ray induced single event upsets: Program CRUP (Cosmic Ray Upset Program)

Science.gov (United States)

Shapiro, P.

1983-09-01

This report documents PROGRAM CRUP, COSMIC RAY UPSET PROGRAM. The computer program calculates cosmic ray induced single-event error rates in microelectronic circuits exposed to several representative cosmic-ray environments.

Heavy Ion Irradiation Fluence Dependence for Single-Event Upsets in a NAND Flash Memory

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Dakai; Wilcox, Edward; Ladbury, Raymond L.; Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Seidleck, Christina; Label, Kenneth

2016-01-01

We investigated the single-event effect (SEE) susceptibility of the Micron 16 nm NAND flash, and found that the single-event upset (SEU) cross section varied inversely with cumulative fluence. We attribute the effect to the variable upset sensitivities of the memory cells. Furthermore, the effect impacts only single cell upsets in general. The rate of multiple-bit upsets remained relatively constant with fluence. The current test standards and procedures assume that SEU follow a Poisson process and do not take into account the variability in the error rate with fluence. Therefore, traditional SEE testing techniques may underestimate the on-orbit event rate for a device with variable upset sensitivity.

Single Event Upsets in the ATLAS IBL Front End ASICs

CERN Document Server

Rozanov, Alexandre; The ATLAS collaboration

2018-01-01

During operation at instantaneous luminosities of up to 2.1 1034 cm2 s−1 frontend chips of the ATLAS innermost pixel layer (IBL) experienced single event upsets affecting its global registers as well as the settings for the individual pixels, causing, amongst other things loss of occupancy, noisy pixels, and silent pixels. A quantitative analysis of the single event upsets as well as the operational issues and mitigation techniques are presented.

Single Event Upsets in the ATLAS IBL Front End ASICs

CERN Document Server

Rozanov, Alexander; The ATLAS collaboration

2018-01-01

During operation at instantaneous luminosities of up to 2.1 10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1} the front end chips of the ATLAS innermost pixel layer (IBL) experienced single event upsets affecting its global registers as well as the settings for the individual pixels, causing, among other things loss of occupancy, noisy pixels, and silent pixels. A quantitative analysis of the single event upsets as well as the operational issues and mitigation techniques will be presented.

Single event upset studies on the CMS tracker APV25 readout chip

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noah, E.; Bauer, T.; Bisello, D.; Faccio, F.; Friedl, M.; Fulcher, J.R.; Hall, G.; Huhtinen, M.; Kaminsky, A.; Pernicka, M.; Raymond, M.; Wyss, J.

2002-01-01

The microstrip tracker for the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider will be read out using APV25 chips. During high luminosity running the tracker will be exposed to particle fluxes up to 10 7 cm -2 s -1 , which raises concerns that the APV25 could occasionally suffer Single Event Upsets (SEUs). The effect of SEU on the APV25 has been studied to investigate implications for CMS detector operation and from the viewpoint of detailed circuit operation, to improve the understanding of its origin and what factors affect its magnitude. Simulations were performed to reconstruct the effects created by highly ionising particles striking sensitive parts of the circuits, along with consideration of the underlying mechanisms of charge deposition, collection and the consequences. A model to predict the behaviour of the memory circuits in the APV25 has been developed and data collected from dedicated experiments using both heavy ions and hadrons have been shown to support it

Heavy Ion Irradiation Fluence Dependence for Single-Event Upsets of NAND Flash Memory

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Dakai; Wilcox, Edward; Ladbury, Raymond; Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Seidleck, Christina; LaBel, Kenneth

2016-01-01

We investigated the single-event effect (SEE) susceptibility of the Micron 16 nm NAND flash, and found the single-event upset (SEU) cross section varied inversely with fluence. The SEU cross section decreased with increasing fluence. We attribute the effect to the variable upset sensitivities of the memory cells. The current test standards and procedures assume that SEU follow a Poisson process and do not take into account the variability in the error rate with fluence. Therefore, heavy ion irradiation of devices with variable upset sensitivity distribution using typical fluence levels may underestimate the cross section and on-orbit event rate.

TDRS-1 single event upsets and the effect of the space environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilkinson, D.C.; Daughtridge, S.C.; Stone, J.L.; Sauer, H.H.; Darling, P.

1991-01-01

The systematic recording of Single Event Upsets on TDRS-1 from 1984 to 1990 allows correlations to be drawn between those upsets and the space environment. In this paper, ground based neutron monitor data are used to illustrate the long-term relationship between galactic cosmic rays and TDRS-1 upsets. The short-term effects of energetic solar particles are illustrated with space environment data from GOES-7

Charge collection and SEU (Single Event Upset) mechanisms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Musseau, O.

1994-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to review the mechanisms of single event upset in microelectronic devices due to interaction with cosmic ions. Experimental and theoretical results are presented, and actual questions and problems are discussed. A brief introduction recalls the creation of the dense plasma of electron-hole pairs along the ion track. The basic processes for charge collection in a simple np junction (drift and diffusion) are presented. The funneling-field effect is discussed and experimental results are compared to numerical simulations and semi-empirical models. Charge collection in actual microelectronic structures is then presented. Single event upset of memory cells is discussed, based on numerical and experimental data. The main parameters for device characterization are presented. From the physical interpretation of charge collection mechanisms, the intrinsic sensitivity of various microelectronic technologies is determined and compared to experimental data. Scaling laws and future trends are discussed. (author)

Single Event Upset Analysis: On-orbit performance of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Digital Signal Processor Memory aboard the International Space Station

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jiaqiang; Choutko, Vitaly; Xiao, Liyi

2018-03-01

Based on the collection of error data from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Digital Signal Processors (DSP), on-orbit Single Event Upsets (SEUs) of the DSP program memory are analyzed. The daily error distribution and time intervals between errors are calculated to evaluate the reliability of the system. The particle density distribution of International Space Station (ISS) orbit is presented and the effects from the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the geomagnetic poles are analyzed. The impact of solar events on the DSP program memory is carried out combining data analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (MC). From the analysis and simulation results, it is concluded that the area corresponding to the SAA is the main source of errors on the ISS orbit. Solar events can also cause errors on DSP program memory, but the effect depends on the on-orbit particle density.

Impact of NBTI Aging on the Single-Event Upset of SRAM Cells

CERN Document Server

Bagatin, M; Gerardin, Simone; Paccagnella, Alessandro; Bagatin, Marta

2010-01-01

We analyzed the impact of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) on the single-event upset rate of SRAM cells through experiments and SPICE simulations. We performed critical charge simulations introducing different degradation patterns in the cells, in three technology nodes, from 180 to 90 nm. The simulations results were checked with alpha-particle and heavy-ion irradiations on a 130-nm technology. Both simulations and experimental results show that NBTI degradation does not significantly affect the single-event upset SRAM cell rate as long as the parametric drift induced by aging is within 10\\%.

Computing in the presence of soft bit errors. [caused by single event upset on spacecraft

Science.gov (United States)

Rasmussen, R. D.

1984-01-01

It is shown that single-event-upsets (SEUs) due to cosmic rays are a significant source of single bit error in spacecraft computers. The physical mechanism of SEU, electron hole generation by means of Linear Energy Transfer (LET), it discussed with reference made to the results of a study of the environmental effects on computer systems of the Galileo spacecraft. Techniques for making software more tolerant of cosmic ray effects are considered, including: reducing the number of registers used by the software; continuity testing of variables; redundant execution of major procedures for error detection; and encoding state variables to detect single-bit changes. Attention is also given to design modifications which may reduce the cosmic ray exposure of on-board hardware. These modifications include: shielding components operating in LEO; removing low-power Schottky parts; and the use of CMOS diodes. The SEU parameters of different electronic components are listed in a table.

Relationship between single-event upset immunity and fabrication processes of recent memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nemoto, N.; Shindou, H.; Kuboyama, S.; Matsuda, S.; Itoh, H.; Okada, S.; Nashiyama, I.

1999-01-01

Single-Event upset (SEU) immunity for commercial devices were evaluated by irradiation tests using high-energy heavy ions. We show test results and describe the relationship between observed SEU and structures/fabrication processes. We have evaluated single-even upset (SEU) tolerance of recent commercial memory devices using high energy heavy ions in order to find relationship between SEU rate and their fabrication process. It was revealed that the change of the process parameter gives much effect for the SEU rate of the devices. (authors)

FinFET memory cell improvements for higher immunity against single event upsets

Science.gov (United States)

Sajit, Ahmed Sattar

The 21st century is witnessing a tremendous demand for transistors. Life amenities have incorporated the transistor in every aspect of daily life, ranging from toys to rocket science. Day by day, scaling down the transistor is becoming an imperious necessity. However, it is not a straightforward process; instead, it faces overwhelming challenges. Due to these scaling changes, new technologies, such as FinFETs for example, have emerged as alternatives to the conventional bulk-CMOS technology. FinFET has more control over the channel, therefore, leakage current is reduced. FinFET could bridge the gap between silicon devices and non-silicon devices. The semiconductor industry is now incorporating FinFETs in systems and subsystems. For example, Intel has been using them in their newest processors, delivering potential saving powers and increased speeds to memory circuits. Memory sub-systems are considered a vital component in the digital era. In memory, few rows are read or written at a time, while the most rows are static; hence, reducing leakage current increases the performance. However, as a transistor shrinks, it becomes more vulnerable to the effects from radioactive particle strikes. If a particle hits a node in a memory cell, the content might flip; consequently, leading to corrupting stored data. Critical fields, such as medical and aerospace, where there are no second chances and cannot even afford to operate at 99.99% accuracy, has induced me to find a rigid circuit in a radiated working environment. This research focuses on a wide spectrum of memories such as 6T SRAM, 8T SRAM, and DICE memory cells using FinFET technology and finding the best platform in terms of Read and Write delay, susceptibility level of SNM, RSNM, leakage current, energy consumption, and Single Event Upsets (SEUs). This research has shown that the SEU tolerance that 6T and 8T FinFET SRAMs provide may not be acceptable in medical and aerospace applications where there is a very high

NEPP Update of Independent Single Event Upset Field Programmable Gate Array Testing

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Melanie; Label, Kenneth; Campola, Michael; Pellish, Jonathan

2017-01-01

This presentation provides a NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program update of independent Single Event Upset (SEU) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) testing including FPGA test guidelines, Microsemi RTG4 heavy-ion results, Xilinx Kintex-UltraScale heavy-ion results, Xilinx UltraScale+ single event effect (SEE) test plans, development of a new methodology for characterizing SEU system response, and NEPP involvement with FPGA security and trust.

Single event upset mitigation techniques for FPGAs utilized in nuclear power plant digital instrumentation and control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xin; Holbert, Keith E.; Clark, Lawrence T.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementation is the best solution for digital I and C. → Maximal probability of two simultaneous errors with TMR maximum partition is 4.44%. → Dual modular redundancy minimum logic partitioning design is an additional option. - Abstract: Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits being increasingly used for digital instrumentation and control (I and C) in nuclear power plants (NPPs) because of low cost, re-configurability and low design turn-around time. However, to ensure reliability, proper design techniques must be employed since the memory and logic in FPGAs are susceptible to single event upsets (SEUs). Triple modular redundancy (TMR) has become a common SEU mitigation design technique because of its straightforward implementation and reliable results. Partitioned TMR approaches are introduced in this paper, and formulae derived indicate that the maximum probability of two simultaneous errors [P E ] max is inversely proportional to the number of logic partitions in a TMR design, when each redundant logic block in every logic partition has the same number of sensitive nodes. However, the maximum logic partitioning design cannot completely eliminate the possibility of two simultaneous upsets. For the example test circuit it is found that [P E ] max is reduced dramatically from 66.67% for minimum logic partitioning to 4.44% for maximum logic partitioning. Because TMR introduces significant overhead due to its full hardware redundancy, a dual modular redundancy approach is also examined for application to less demanding situations. By comparative analysis this study reaches the conclusion that the maximum logic partitioning TMR implementation is the best solution for digital I and C applications in NPPs where obtaining robustness is of the highest importance, despite its higher area overhead.

Device simulation of charge collection and single-event upset

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dodd, P.E.

1996-01-01

In this paper the author reviews the current status of device simulation of ionizing-radiation-induced charge collection and single-event upset (SEU), with an emphasis on significant results of recent years. The author presents an overview of device-modeling techniques applicable to the SEU problem and the unique challenges this task presents to the device modeler. He examines unloaded simulations of radiation-induced charge collection in simple p/n diodes, SEU in dynamic random access memories (DRAM's), and SEU in static random access memories (SRAM's). The author concludes with a few thoughts on future issues likely to confront the SEU device modeler

Single Event Upset Energy Dependence In a Buck-Converter Power Supply Design

CERN Document Server

Drake, G; The ATLAS collaboration; Gopalakrishnan, A; Mahadik, S; Mellado, B; Proudfoot, J; Reed, R; Senthilkumaran, A; Stanek, R

2012-01-01

We present a study of Single Event Upsets (SEU) performed on a commercial pulse-width modulator controller chip for switching power supplies. We performed tests to study the probability of an SEU occurring as a function of incident particle (hadron) energy. We discuss the performance of the circuit, and present a solution using external circuitry to effectively eliminate the effect.

Low-energy neutron-induced single-event upsets in static random access memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Xiaoqiang; Guo Hongxia; Wang Guizhen; Ling Dongsheng; Chen Wei; Bai Xiaoyan; Yang Shanchao; Liu Yan

2009-01-01

The visual analysis method of data process was provided for neutron-induced single-event upset(SEU) in static random access memory(SRAM). The SEU effects of six CMOS SRAMs with different feature size(from 0.13 μm to 1.50 μm) were studied. The SEU experiments were performed using the neutron radiation environment at Xi'an pulsed reactor. And the dependence of low-energy neutron-induced SEU cross section on SRAM's feature size was given. The results indicate that the decreased critical charge is the dominant factor for the increase of single event effect sensitivity of SRAM devices with decreased feature size. Small-sized SRAM devices are more sensitive than large-sized ones to single event effect induced by low-energy neutrons. (authors)

Single event upset susceptibilities of latchup immune CMOS process programmable gate arrays

Science.gov (United States)

Koga, R.; Crain, W. R.; Crawford, K. B.; Hansel, S. J.; Lau, D. D.; Tsubota, T. K.

Single event upsets (SEU) and latchup susceptibilities of complementary metal oxide semiconductor programmable gate arrays (CMOS PPGA's) were measured at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 88-in. cyclotron facility with Xe (603 MeV), Cu (290 MeV), and Ar (180 MeV) ion beams. The PPGA devices tested were those which may be used in space. Most of the SEU measurements were taken with a newly constructed tester called the Bus Access Storage and Comparison System (BASACS) operating via a Macintosh II computer. When BASACS finds that an output does not match a prerecorded pattern, the state of all outputs, position in the test cycle, and other necessary information is transmitted and stored in the Macintosh. The upset rate was kept between 1 and 3 per second. After a sufficient number of errors are stored, the test is stopped and the total fluence of particles and total errors are recorded. The device power supply current was closely monitored to check for occurrence of latchup. Results of the tests are presented, indicating that some of the PPGA's are good candidates for selected space applications.

Single Event Upset Energy Dependence In a Buck-Converter Power Supply Design

CERN Document Server

Drake, G; The ATLAS collaboration; De Lurgio, P; Stanek, R; Mellado, B; Gopalakrishnan, A; Mahadik, S; Reed, R; Senthilkumaran, A

2012-01-01

We present a study of Single Event Upsets performed on a commercial pulse-width modulator controller chip that we are using for a switching power supply design for the Atlas Tile Calorimeter at the LHC. We performed tests to study the probability of an SEU occurring as a function of incident particle (hadron) energy. We compare the results with prediction from theory. We discuss the performance of the circuit, and perform an analysis using Bendel parameters. We also present a solution that we found using external circuitry that eliminates the effect.

Single-event phenomena on recent semiconductor devices. Charge-type multiple-bit upsets in high integrated memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Makihara, Akiko; Shindou, Hiroyuki; Nemoto, Norio; Kuboyama, Satoshi; Matsuda, Sumio; Ohshima, Takeshi; Hirao, Toshio; Itoh, Hisayoshi

2001-01-01

High integrated memories are used in solid state data recorder (SSDR) of the satellite for accumulating observation data. Single event upset phenomena which turn over an accumulated data in the memory cells are caused by heavy ion incidence. Studies on single-bit upset and multiple-bit upset phenomena in the high integrated memory cells are in progress recently. 16 Mbit DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memories) and 64 Mbit DRAM are irradiated by heavy ion species, such as iodine, bromine and nickel, in comparison with the irradiation damage in the cosmic environment. Data written on the memory devices are read out after the irradiation. The memory cells in three kinds of states, all of charged state, all of discharged state, and an alternative state of charge and discharge, are irradiated for sorting out error modes caused by heavy ion incidence. The soft error in a single memory cells is known as a turn over from charged state to discharged state. Electrons in electron-hole pair generated by heavy ion incidence are captured in a diffusion region between capacitor electrodes of semiconductor. The charged states in the capacitor electrodes before the irradiation are neutralized and changed to the discharged states. According to high integration of the memories, many of the cells are affected by a single ion incidence. The multiple-bit upsets, however, are generated in the memory cells of discharged state before the irradiation, also. The charge-type multiple-bit upsets is considered as that error data are written on the DRAM during refresh cycle of a sense-up circuit and a pre-charge circuit which control the DRAM. (M. Suetake)

Single event upsets calculated from new ENDF/B-VI proton and neutron data up to 150 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chadwick, M.B.

1999-01-01

Single-event upsets (SEU) in microelectronics are calculated from newly-developed silicon nuclear reaction recoil data that extend up to 150 MeV, for incident protons and neutrons. Calculated SEU cross sections are compared with measured data

Application of RADSAFE to Model Single Event Upset Response of a 0.25 micron CMOS SRAM

Science.gov (United States)

Warren, Kevin M.; Weller, Robert A.; Sierawski, Brian; Reed, Robert A.; Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Massengill, Lloyd; Porter, Mark; Wilkerson, Jeff; LaBel, Kenneth A.;

Single event upset threshold estimation based on local laser irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chumakov, A.I.; Egorov, A.N.; Mavritsky, O.B.; Yanenko, A.V.

1999-01-01

An approach for estimation of ion-induced SEU threshold based on local laser irradiation is presented. Comparative experiment and software simulation research were performed at various pulse duration and spot size. Correlation of single event threshold LET to upset threshold laser energy under local irradiation was found. The computer analysis of local laser irradiation of IC structures was developed for SEU threshold LET estimation. The correlation of local laser threshold energy with SEU threshold LET was shown. Two estimation techniques were suggested. The first one is based on the determination of local laser threshold dose taking into account the relation of sensitive area to local irradiated area. The second technique uses the photocurrent peak value instead of this relation. The agreement between the predicted and experimental results demonstrates the applicability of this approach. (authors)

Characterization of System Level Single Event Upset (SEU) Responses using SEU Data, Classical Reliability Models, and Space Environment Data

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Melanie; Label, Kenneth; Campola, Michael; Xapsos, Michael

2017-01-01

We propose a method for the application of single event upset (SEU) data towards the analysis of complex systems using transformed reliability models (from the time domain to the particle fluence domain) and space environment data.

Calculation of neutron-induced single-event upset cross sections for semiconductor memory devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeuchi, Taketo; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Nakashima, Hideki; Sun, Weili

2001-01-01

Neutron-induced single-event upset (SEU) cross sections for semiconductor memory devices are calculated by the Burst Generation Rate (BGR) method using LA150 data and QMD calculation in the neutron energy range between 20 MeV and 10 GeV. The calculated results are compared with the measured SEU cross sections for energies up to 160 MeV, and the validity of the calculation method and the nuclear data used is verified. The kind of reaction products and the neutron energy range that have the most effect on SEU are discussed. (author)

New insights gained on mechanisms of low-energy proton-induced SEUs by minimizing energy straggle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dodds, Nathaniel Anson; Dodd, Paul E.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Sexton, Frederick W.; Martinez, Marino J.; Black, Jeffrey D.; Marshall, P. W.; Reed, R. A.; McCurdy, M. W.; Weller, R. A.; Pellish, J. A.; Rodbell, K. P.; Gordon, M. S.

2015-01-01

In this study, we present low-energy proton single-event upset (SEU) data on a 65 nm SOI SRAM whose substrate has been completely removed. Since the protons only had to penetrate a very thin buried oxide layer, these measurements were affected by far less energy loss, energy straggle, flux attrition, and angular scattering than previous datasets. The minimization of these common sources of experimental interference allows more direct interpretation of the data and deeper insight into SEU mechanisms. The results show a strong angular dependence, demonstrate that energy straggle, flux attrition, and angular scattering affect the measured SEU cross sections, and prove that proton direct ionization is the dominant mechanism for low-energy proton-induced SEUs in these circuits

Implications of the spatial dependence of the single-event-upset threshold in SRAMs measured with a pulsed laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchner, S.; Langworthy, J.B.; Stapor, W.J.; Campbell, A.B.; Rivet, S.

1994-01-01

Pulsed laser light was used to measure single event upset (SEU) thresholds for a large number of memory cells in both CMOS and bipolar SRAMs. Results showed that small variations in intercell upset threshold could not explain the gradual rise in the curve of cross section versus linear energy transfer (LET). The memory cells exhibited greater intracell variations implying that the charge collection efficiency within a memory cell varies spatially and contributes substantially to the shape of the curve of cross section versus LET. The results also suggest that the pulsed laser can be used for hardness-assurance measurements on devices with sensitive areas larger than the diameter of the laser beam

Analyzing Test-As-You-Fly Single Event Upset (SEU) Responses using SEU Data, Classical Reliability Models, and Space Environment Data

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Melanie; Label, Kenneth; Campola, Michael; Xapsos, Michael

2017-01-01

We propose a method for the application of single event upset (SEU) data towards the analysis of complex systems using transformed reliability models (from the time domain to the particle fluence domain) and space environment data.

Estimation of the LET threshold of single event upset of microelectronics in experiments with Cf-252

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznetsov, N.V.; Nymmik, R.A.

1996-01-01

A method is proposed for analyzing single event upsets (SEU) in large scale integration circuits of random access memory (RAM) when exposed to Cf-252 fission fragments. The method makes is possible to find the RAM linear energy transfer (LET) threshold to be used for estimations of RAM SEU rates in space. The method is illustrated by analyzing experimental data for the 2 x 8 kbit CMOS/bulk RAM. (author)

Airplane Upset Training Evaluation Report

Science.gov (United States)

Gawron, Valerie J.; Jones, Patricia M. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Airplane upset accidents are a leading factor in hull losses and fatalities. This study compared five types of airplane-upset training. Each group was composed of eight, non-military pilots flying in their probationary year for airlines operating in the United States. The first group, 'No aero / no upset,' was made up of pilots without any airplane upset training or aerobatic flight experience; the second group, 'Aero/no upset,' of pilots without any airplane-upset training but with aerobatic experience; the third group, 'No aero/upset,' of pilots who had received airplane-upset training in both ground school and in the simulator; the fourth group, 'Aero/upset,' received the same training as Group Three but in addition had aerobatic flight experience; and the fifth group, 'In-flight' received in-flight airplane upset training using an instrumented in-flight simulator. Recovery performance indicated that clearly training works - specifically, all 40 pilots recovered from the windshear upset. However few pilots were trained or understood the use of bank to change the direction of the lift vector to recover from nose high upsets. Further, very few thought of, or used differential thrust to recover from rudder or aileron induced roll upsets. In addition, recovery from icing-induced stalls was inadequate.

Influence of edge effects on single event upset susceptibility of SOI SRAMs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu, Song; Liu, Jie; Zhao, Fazhan; Zhang, Zhangang; Bi, Jinshun; Geng, Chao; Hou, Mingdong; Liu, Gang; Liu, Tianqi; Xi, Kai

2015-01-01

An experimental investigation of the single event upset (SEU) susceptibility for heavy ions at tilted incidence was performed. The differences of SEU cross-sections between tilted incidence and normal incidence at equivalent effective linear energy transfer were 21% and 57% for the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) static random access memories (SRAMs) of 0.5 μm and 0.18 μm feature size, respectively. The difference of SEU cross-section raised dramatically with increasing tilt angle for SOI SRAM of deep-submicron technology. The result of CRÈME-MC simulation for tilted irradiation of the sensitive volume indicates that the energy deposition spectrum has a substantial tail extending into the low energy region. The experimental results show that the influence of edge effects on SEU susceptibility cannot be ignored in particular with device scaling down

Single-Event Upset and Scaling Trends in New Generation of the Commercial SOI PowerPC Microprocessors

Science.gov (United States)

Irom, Farokh; Farmanesh, Farhad; Kouba, Coy K.

2006-01-01

Single-event upset effects from heavy ions are measured for Motorola silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microprocessor with 90 nm feature sizes. The results are compared with previous results for SOI microprocessors with feature sizes of 130 and 180 nm. The cross section of the 90 nm SOI processors is smaller than results for 130 and 180 nm counterparts, but the threshold is about the same. The scaling of the cross section with reduction of feature size and core voltage for SOI microprocessors is discussed.

Characterization of System on a Chip (SoC) Single Event Upset (SEU) Responses Using SEU Data, Classical Reliability Models, and Space Environment Data

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Melanie; Label, Kenneth; Campola, Michael; Xapsos, Michael

2017-01-01

We propose a method for the application of single event upset (SEU) data towards the analysis of complex systems using transformed reliability models (from the time domain to the particle fluence domain) and space environment data.

A simple analytical model of single-event upsets in bulk CMOS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sogoyan, Armen V.; Chumakov, Alexander I.; Smolin, Anatoly A., E-mail: aasmol@spels.ru; Ulanova, Anastasia V.; Boruzdina, Anna B.

2017-06-01

During the last decade, multiple new methods of single event upset (SEU) rate prediction for aerospace systems have been proposed. Despite different models and approaches being employed in these methods, they all share relatively high usage complexity and require information about a device that is not always available to an end user. This work presents an alternative approach to estimating SEU cross-section as a function of linear energy transfer (LET) that can be further developed into a method of SEU rate prediction. The goal is to propose a simple, yet physics-based, approach with just two parameters that can be used even in situations when only a process node of the device is known. The developed approach is based on geometrical interpretation of SEU cross-section and an analytical solution to the diffusion problem obtained for a simplified IC topology model. A good fit of the model to the experimental data encompassing 7 generations of SRAMs is demonstrated.

A simple analytical model of single-event upsets in bulk CMOS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sogoyan, Armen V.; Chumakov, Alexander I.; Smolin, Anatoly A.; Ulanova, Anastasia V.; Boruzdina, Anna B.

2017-01-01

During the last decade, multiple new methods of single event upset (SEU) rate prediction for aerospace systems have been proposed. Despite different models and approaches being employed in these methods, they all share relatively high usage complexity and require information about a device that is not always available to an end user. This work presents an alternative approach to estimating SEU cross-section as a function of linear energy transfer (LET) that can be further developed into a method of SEU rate prediction. The goal is to propose a simple, yet physics-based, approach with just two parameters that can be used even in situations when only a process node of the device is known. The developed approach is based on geometrical interpretation of SEU cross-section and an analytical solution to the diffusion problem obtained for a simplified IC topology model. A good fit of the model to the experimental data encompassing 7 generations of SRAMs is demonstrated.

Evaluation of single-event upset tolerance on 64Mbit DRAM and 16Mbit DRAM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nemoto, N; Shindou, H; Matsuzaki, K; Akutsu, T; Matsuda, S [National Space Development Agency of Japan, Tokyo (Japan); Hirao, T; Itoh, H; Nashiyama, I

1997-11-01

In recent years, reduction in the mission cost is regarded as one of the most important matters, and thus much effort has been made to reduce the cost of electronic components used in spacecrafts without diminishing their performance. On this policy, there has been a growing interest in space application of commercial devices such as highly integrated memory ICs because of low prices and high performance of such devices. To ensure success in this application, it is indispensable to investigate radiation effects, e.g., single-event and total-dose effects, on commercial devices precisely. In the present study, we have evaluated single-event upset (SEU) tolerance for 1Mbit, 4Mbit SRAM and 16Mbit, 64Mbit DRAM by irradiation of high energy heavy ions such as 175MeV-Ar{sup 8+} and 450MeV-Xe{sup 23+}. We observed these SEU tolerance in space. (author)

Solar particle induced upsets in the TDRS-1 attitude control system RAM during the October 1989 solar particle events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Croley, D.R.; Garrett, H.B.; Murphy, G.B.; Garrard, T.L.

1995-01-01

The three large solar particle events, beginning on October 19, 1989 and lasting approximately six days, were characterized by high fluences of solar protons and heavy ions at 1 AU. During these events, an abnormally large number of upsets (243) were observed in the random access memory of the attitude control system (ACS) control processing electronics (CPE) on-board the geosynchronous TDRS-1 (Telemetry and Data Relay Satellite). The RAM unit affected was composed of eight Fairchild 93L422 memory chips. The Galileo spacecraft, launched on October 18, 1989 (one day prior to the solar particle events) observed the fluxes of heavy ions experienced by TDRS-1. Two solid-state detector telescopes on-board Galileo, designed to measure heavy ion species and energy, were turned on during time periods within each of the three separate events. The heavy ion data have been modeled and the time history of the events reconstructed to estimate heavy ion fluences. These fluences were converted to effective LET spectra after transport through the estimated shielding distribution around the TDRS-1 ACS system. The number of single event upsets (SEU) expected was calculated by integrating the measured cross section for the Fairchild 93L422 memory chip with average effective LET spectrum. The expected number of heavy ion induced SEU's calculated was 176. GOES-7 proton data, observed during the solar particle events, were used to estimate the number of proton-induced SEU's by integrating the proton fluence spectrum incident on the memory chips, with the two-parameter Bendel cross section for proton SEU's. The proton fluence spectrum at the device level was gotten by transporting the protons through the estimated shielding distribution. The number of calculated proton-induced SEU's was 72, yielding a total of 248 predicted SEU's, very close to the 243 observed SEU's

The single event upset environment for avionics at high latitude

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sims, A.J.; Dyer, C.S.; Peerless, C.L.; Farren, J.

1994-01-01

Modern avionic systems for civil and military applications are becoming increasingly reliant upon embedded microprocessors and associated memory devices. The phenomenon of single event upset (SEU) is well known in space systems and designers have generally been careful to use SEU tolerant devices or to implement error detection and correction (EDAC) techniques where appropriate. In the past, avionics designers have had no reason to consider SEU effects but is clear that the more prevalent use of memory devices combined with increasing levels of IC integration will make SEU mitigation an important design consideration for future avionic systems. To this end, it is necessary to work towards producing models of the avionics SEU environment which will permit system designers to choose components and EDAC techniques which are based on predictions of SEU rates correct to much better than an order of magnitude. Measurements of the high latitude SEU environment at avionics altitude have been made on board a commercial airliner. Results are compared with models of primary and secondary cosmic rays and atmospheric neutrons. Ground based SEU tests of static RAMs are used to predict rates in flight

Nuclear data relevant to single event upsets in semiconductor memories induced by cosmic-ray neutrons and protons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Yukinobu

2008-01-01

The role of nuclear data is examined in the study of single event upset (SEU) phenomena in semiconductor memories caused by cosmic-ray neutrons and protons. Neutron and proton SEU cross sections are calculated with a simplified semi-empirical model using experimental heavy-ion SEU cross-sections and a dedicated database of neutron and proton induced reactions on 28 Si. Some impacts of the nuclear reaction data on SEU simulation are analyzed by investigating relative contribution of secondary ions and neutron elastic scattering to SEU and influence of simultaneous multiple ions emission on SEU. (author)

Solar Particle Induced Upsets in the TDRS-1 Attitude Control System RAM During the October 1989 Solar Particle Events

Science.gov (United States)

Croley, D. R.; Garrett, H. B.; Murphy, G. B.; Garrard,T. L.

1995-01-01

The three large solar particle events, beginning on October 19, 1989 and lasting approximately six days, were characterized by high fluences of solar protons and heavy ions at 1 AU. During these events, an abnormally large number of upsets (243) were observed in the random access memory of the attitude control system (ACS) control processing electronics (CPE) on-board the geosynchronous TDRS-1 (Telemetry and Data Relay Satellite). The RAM unit affected was composed of eight Fairchild 93L422 memory chips. The Galileo spacecraft, launched on October 18, 1989 (one day prior to the solar particle events) observed the fluxes of heavy ions experienced by TDRS-1. Two solid-state detector telescopes on-board Galileo, designed to measure heavy ion species and energy, were turned on during time periods within each of the three separate events. The heavy ion data have been modeled and the time history of the events reconstructed to estimate heavy ion fluences. These fluences were converted to effective LET spectra after transport through the estimated shielding distribution around the TDRS-1 ACS system. The number of single event upsets (SEU) expected was calculated by integrating the measured cross section for the Fairchild 93L422 memory chip with average effective LET spectrum. The expected number of heavy ion induced SEU's calculated was 176. GOES-7 proton data, observed during the solar particle events, were used to estimate the number of proton-induced SEU's by integrating the proton fluence spectrum incident on the memory chips, with the two-parameter Bendel cross section for proton SEU'S. The proton fluence spectrum at the device level was gotten by transporting the protons through the estimated shielding distribution. The number of calculated proton-induced SEU's was 72, yielding a total of 248 predicted SEU'S, very dose to the 243 observed SEU'S. These calculations uniquely demonstrate the roles that solar heavy ions and protons played in the production of SEU

Relationship between single-event upset immunity and fabrication processes of recent memories; Relations entre l'immunite au SEU et les procedes de fabrication de memoires recentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nemoto, N.; Shindou, H.; Kuboyama, S.; Matsuda, S. [National Space Development Agency of Japan, Ibaraki-ken (Japan); Itoh, H.; Okada, S.; Nashiyama, I. [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Takasaki, Gunma (Japan)

1999-07-01

Single-Event upset (SEU) immunity for commercial devices were evaluated by irradiation tests using high-energy heavy ions. We show test results and describe the relationship between observed SEU and structures/fabrication processes. We have evaluated single-even upset (SEU) tolerance of recent commercial memory devices using high energy heavy ions in order to find relationship between SEU rate and their fabrication process. It was revealed that the change of the process parameter gives much effect for the SEU rate of the devices. (authors)

Single Event Upset Rate Estimates for a 16-K CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).

Science.gov (United States)

1986-09-30

4 . ~**..ft.. ft . - - - ft SI TABLES 9 I. SA32~40 Single Event Upset Test, 1140-MeV Krypton, 9/l8/8~4. . .. .. .. .. .. .16 II. CRUP Simulation...cosmic ray interaction analysis described in the remainder of this report were calculated using the CRUP computer code 3 modified for funneling. The... CRUP code requires, as inputs, the size of a depletion region specified as a retangular parallel piped with dimensions a 9 b S c, the effective funnel

Swift heavy ion induced single event upsets in high density UV-EPROM's

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dahiwale, S.S. [Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 7 (India); Shinde, N.S. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Mie University (Japan); Kanjilal, D. [Inter University Accelerator Center, New Delhi (India); Bhoraskar, V.N. [Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 7 (India); Dhole, S.D. [Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 7 (India)], E-mail: sanjay@physics.unipune.ernet.in

2008-04-15

A few high density UV-EPROM's (32Kb x 8) were irradiated with 5.41 MeV energy {alpha}-particles with fluences from 10{sup 4} to 10{sup 8} alphas/cm{sup 2} and 100 MeV nickel, iodine and silver ions for low fluences between 5 x 10{sup 7} and 10{sup 8} ions/cm{sup 2}. The energy and ion species was selected on the basis of predicted threshold values of linear energy transfer (LET) in silicon. The program which was stored in the memory found to be changed from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 state, respectively. On the basis of changed states, the cross-sections ({sigma}) were calculated to investigate the single event effects/upsets. No upset was observed in case of {alpha}-particle since it has very low LET, but the SEU cross-section found to be more in case of Iodine i.e. 2.29 x 10{sup -3} cm{sup 2} than that of nickel, 2.12 x 10{sup -3} cm{sup 2} and silver, 2.26 x 10{sup -3}. This mainly attributes that LET for iodine is more as compared to silver and nickel ions, which deposits large amount of energy near the sensitive node of memory cell in the form of electron-hole pairs required to change the state. These measured SEU cross-section were also compared with theoretically predicted values along with the Weibull distribution fit to the ion induced experimental SEU data. The theoretical predicted SEU cross-section 3.27 x 10{sup -3} cm{sup 2} found to be in good agreement with the measured SEU cross-section.

Investigation of radial dose effect on single event upset cross-section due to heavy ions using GEANT4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boorboor, S.; Feghhi, S.A.H.; Jafari, H.

2015-01-01

The heavy ions are the main cause to produce single event upset (SEU) damage on electronic devices since they are high LET radiations. The dimension of electronic components in new technology, arise a challenge in radiation effect estimations. Accurate investigations require fully considering the ion track in energy deposition as a radial dose distribution. In this work, the distribution of delta rays as well as LET have been calculated to determine ionization structure around ion track by a Monte Carlo code, GEANT4. The radial dose of several heavy ions with different energy in silicon was investigated and compared with the works by other authors in this field. The results showed that heavy ions with identical LET can have different SEU cross-section in silicon transistors. As a demonstrative example, according to our results, the error probability for 4.8 GeV iron was 8 times greater than that for 15 MeV carbon ions, in transistors with new process technology which have small dimension and low critical charges. Our results show that considering radial dose distribution considerably improves the accuracy of the SEU cross-section estimation in electronic devices especially for new technologies. - Highlights: • The single event upset is produced by heavy ions interaction on electronic devices. • The radial dose of several heavy ions in silicon was calculated by GEANT4. • Heavy ions with identical LET had different SEU cross-section in silicon transistors. • Low dimension and critical charge devices were more sensitive to radial dose effect

Synergistic effects of total ionizing dose on single event upset sensitivity in static random access memory under proton irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Yao; Guo Hong-Xia; Zhang Feng-Qi; Zhao Wen; Wang Yan-Ping; Zhang Ke-Ying; Ding Li-Li; Luo Yin-Hong; Wang Yuan-Ming; Fan Xue

2014-01-01

Synergistic effects of the total ionizing dose (TID) on the single event upset (SEU) sensitivity in static random access memories (SRAMs) were studied by using protons. The total dose was cumulated with high flux protons during the TID exposure, and the SEU cross section was tested with low flux protons at several cumulated dose steps. Because of the radiation-induced off-state leakage current increase of the CMOS transistors, the noise margin became asymmetric and the memory imprint effect was observed. (interdisciplinary physics and related areas of science and technology)

Feasibility of a neutron detector-dosemeter based on single-event upsets in dynamic random-access memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phillips, G.W.; August, R.A.; Campbell, A.B.; Nelson, M.E.; Guardala, N.A.; Price, J.L.; Moscovitch, M.

2002-01-01

The feasibility was investigated of a solid-state neutron detector/dosemeter based on single-event upset (SEU) effects in dynamic random-access memories (DRAMs), commonly used in computer memories. Such a device, which uses a neutron converter material to produce a charged particle capable of causing an upset, would be light-weight, low-power, and could be read simply by polling the memory for bit flips. It would have significant advantages over standard solid-state neutron dosemeters which require off-line processing for track etching and analysis. Previous efforts at developing an SEU neutron detector/dosemeter have suffered from poor response, which can be greatly enhanced by selecting a modern high-density DRAM chip for SEU sensitivity and by using a thin 10 B film as a converter. Past attempts to use 10 B were not successful because the average alpha particle energy was insufficient to penetrate to the sensitive region of the memory. This can be overcome by removing the surface passivation layer before depositing the 10 B film or by implanting 10B directly into the chip. Previous experimental data show a 10 3 increase in neutron sensitivity by chips containing borosilicate glass, which could be used in an SEU detector. The results are presented of simulations showing that the absolute efficiency of an SEU neutron dosemeter can be increased by at least a factor of 1000 over earlier designs. (author)

Study on relations between heavy ions single event upset cross sections and γ accumulated doses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Chaohui; Geng Bin; Wang Yanping; Peng Honglun; Yang Hailiang; Chen Xiaohua; Li Guozheng

2002-01-01

Experiments were done under 252 Cf and 60 Co γ source to study the relation between heavy ion Single Event Upset (SEU) cross sections and γ accumulated doses. There was no obvious rule and little influence of γ accumulated doses on SEU cross sections when Static Random Access Memories were in power off mode and static power on mode. In active measuring mode, the SEU cross section increased as the accumulated doses increasing when same data were written in memory cells. If reverse data, such as '55' and 'AA', were written in memory cells during the experiment, the SEU cross sections decreased to the level when memories were not irradiated under 60 Co γ source, even more small. It implied that the influence of γ accumulated doses on SEU cross sections can be set off by this method

SUPRA - Enhanced upset recovery simulation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groen, E.; Ledegang, W.; Field, J.; Smaili, H.; Roza, M.; Fucke, L.; Nooij, S.; Goman, M.; Mayrhofer, M.; Zaichik, L.E.; Grigoryev, M.; Biryukov, V.

2012-01-01

The SUPRA research project - Simulation of Upset Recovery in Aviation - has been funded by the European Union 7th Framework Program to enhance the flight simulation envelope for upset recovery simulation. Within the project an extended aerodynamic model, capturing the key aerodynamics during and

Neutron-induced Single Event Upset on the RPC front-end chips for the CMS experiment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abbrescia, M.; Colaleo, A.; Iaselli, G.; Loddo, F.; Maggi, M.; Marangelli, B.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pugliese, G.; Ranieri, A.; Romano, F.; Altieri, S.; Belli, G.; Bruno, G.; Guida, R.; Merlo, M.; Ratti, S.P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P. E-mail: paolo.vitulo@pv.infn.it; De Bari, A.; Manera, S

2002-05-21

Neutrons from a reactor and from a cyclotron have been used to characterise the CMS Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) front-end chip to neutron-induced damaging events. Single Event Upset (SEU) cross-sections have been measured up to 60 MeV for different chip thresholds. Tests at a reactor were done with an integrated fast (E{sub n}>3 MeV) neutron fluence of 1.7x10{sup 10} cm{sup -2} and a thermal neutron fluence of 9.5x10{sup 11} cm{sup -2}. High-energy neutrons from a cyclotron were used up to a fluence of 10{sup 12} cm{sup -2}. Data indicate the existence of a chip SEU sensitivity already at thermal energy and a saturated SEU cross-section from 3 to 60 MeV. Values of the SEU cross-sections from the thermal run well agree with those obtained by another CMS group that uses the same technology (0.8 {mu}m BiCMOS) though with different architecture. Cross-sections obtained with fast neutrons (from 3 MeV to about 10 MeV) are consistently higher by one order of magnitude compared to the thermal one. The average time between consecutive SEU events in each chip of the CMS barrel RPCs can be estimated to be 1 h.

Sex differences in the events that elicit jealousy among homosexuals

OpenAIRE

Dijkstra, Pieternel; Groothof, Hinke A. K.; Poel, Gerda A.; Laverman, Teunis, T. G.; Schrier, Michiel; Buunk, Bram P.

2008-01-01

When individuals are asked which event would upset them more - a partner's emotional infidelity or a partner's sexual infidelity- among heterosexuals more men than women select a partner's sexual infidelity as the most upsetting event, whereas more more women than men select a partner's emotional infidelity as the most upsetting event. Because homosexuals' mating psychology is unlike that of heterosexuals, the present study examinend which of these two events is more upsetting in a sample of ...

Core Flight Executive Software Radiation Mitigation Study

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The reliability of SmallSat / CubeSat missions may be increased by using software radiation mitigation for single event upsets (SEUs). Implementing protection in...

Impact of temperature on single event upset measurement by heavy ions in SRAM devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Tianqi; Geng Chao; Zhang Zhangang; Gu Song; Tong Teng; Xi Kai; Hou Mingdong; Liu Jie; Zhao Fazhan; Liu Gang; Han Zhengsheng

2014-01-01

The temperature dependence of single event upset (SEU) measurement both in commercial bulk and silicon on insulator (SOI) static random access memories (SRAMs) has been investigated by experiment in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). For commercial bulk SRAM, the SEU cross section measured by 12 C ions is very sensitive to the temperature. The temperature test of SEU in SOI SRAM was conducted by 209 Bi and 12 C ions, respectively, and the SEU cross sections display a remarkable growth with the elevated temperature for 12 C ions but keep constant for 209 Bi ions. The impact of temperature on SEU measurement was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation. It is revealed that the SEU cross section is significantly affected by the temperature around the threshold linear energy transfer of SEU occurrence. As the SEU occurrence approaches saturation, the SEU cross section gradually exhibits less temperature dependency. Based on this result, the experimental data measured in HIRFL was analyzed, and then a reasonable method of predicting the on-orbit SEU rate was proposed. (semiconductor devices)

Proton upset rate prediction: a new sensitive volume concept definition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inguimbert, Christophe

1999-01-01

We present a model for predicting proton induced single event upset rate. The approach uses heavy ion cross section experimental data combined with nuclear reaction calculations in order to determine the proton upset cross section. The p+Si nuclear reaction as well as the Si(p, p)Si Coulombic scattering are described. The upset rate calculation depends on the energy deposited available in the charge collection region (sensitive region). This region is treated as a rectangular parallelepiped of thickness d at depth h. The sensitive thickness d is used as an input parameter in our model we have developed an original method to probe the sensitive region to evaluate d with reasonable accuracy d. We use short range ions and we propose a new mathematical analysis of these experimental data to determine h and d. This method consists in de-convoluting the heavy ion upset cross section σ_S_E_U(r) by the LET function of the incident ion LET(r) (r is the range of the incident ion). Our results are in relatively good agreement with other models. The accuracy of the method allows us to discuss the validity of the sensitive volume concept. Furthermore, we extrapolate an internal gain factor α that permit to take into account the charge collection mechanisms. α and d serve for quick and reasonably accurate prediction of proton induced SEU cross section in microelectronic devices. (author) [fr

Comparison of analytical models and experimental results for single-event upset in CMOS SRAMs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mnich, T.M.; Diehl, S.E.; Shafer, B.D.

1983-01-01

In an effort to design fully radiation-hardened memories for satellite and deep-space applications, a 16K and a 2K CMOS static RAM were modeled for single-particle upset during the design stage. The modeling resulted in the addition of a hardening feedback resistor in the 16K remained tentatively unaltered. Subsequent experiments, using the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories' 88-inch cyclotron to accelerate krypton and oxygen ions, established an upset threshold for the 2K and the 16K without resistance added, as well as a hardening threshold for the 16K with feedback resistance added. Results for the 16K showed it to be hardenable to the higher level than previously published data for other unhardened 16K RAMs. The data agreed fairly well with the modeling results; however, a close look suggests that modification of the simulation methodology is required to accurately predict the resistance necessary to harden the RAM cell

Modeling of Single Event Transients With Dual Double-Exponential Current Sources: Implications for Logic Cell Characterization

Science.gov (United States)

Black, Dolores A.; Robinson, William H.; Wilcox, Ian Z.; Limbrick, Daniel B.; Black, Jeffrey D.

2015-08-01

Single event effects (SEE) are a reliability concern for modern microelectronics. Bit corruptions can be caused by single event upsets (SEUs) in the storage cells or by sampling single event transients (SETs) from a logic path. An accurate prediction of soft error susceptibility from SETs requires good models to convert collected charge into compact descriptions of the current injection process. This paper describes a simple, yet effective, method to model the current waveform resulting from a charge collection event for SET circuit simulations. The model uses two double-exponential current sources in parallel, and the results illustrate why a conventional model based on one double-exponential source can be incomplete. A small set of logic cells with varying input conditions, drive strength, and output loading are simulated to extract the parameters for the dual double-exponential current sources. The parameters are based upon both the node capacitance and the restoring current (i.e., drive strength) of the logic cell.

Monte Carlo calculation of the cross-section of single event upset induced by 14MeV neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.; Deng, J.Y.; Chang, D.M.

2005-01-01

High-density static random access memory may experience single event upsets (SEU) in neutron environments. We present a new method to calculate the SEU cross-section. Our method is based on explicit generation and transport of the secondary reaction products and detailed accounting for energy loss by ionization. Instead of simulating the behavior of the circuit, we use the Monte Carlo method to simulate the process of energy deposition in sensitive volumes. Thus, we do not need to know details about the circuit. We only need a reasonable guess for the size of the sensitive volumes. In the Monte Carlo simulation, the cross-section of SEU induced by 14MeV neutrons is calculated. We can see that the Monte Carlo simulation not only can provide a new method to calculate SEU cross-section, but also can give a detailed description about random process of the SEU

Application of reactors for testing neutron-induced upsets in commercial SRAMs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Griffin, P.J.; Luera, T.F.; Sexton, F.W.; Cooper, P.J.; Karr, S.G.; Hash, G.L.; Fuller, E.

1997-01-01

Reactor neutron environments can be used to test/screen the sensitivity of unhardened commercial SRAMs to low-LET neutron-induced upset. Tests indicate both thermal/epithermal (< 1 keV) and fast neutrons can cause upsets in unhardened parts. Measured upset rates in reactor environments can be used to model the upset rate for arbitrary neutron spectra

Single event upset and charge collection measurements using high energy protons and neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Normand, E.; Oberg, D.L.; Wert, J.L.; Ness, J.D.; Majewski, P.P.; Wender, S.; Gavron, A.

1994-01-01

RAMs, microcontrollers and surface barrier detectors were exposed to beams of high energy protons and neutrons to measure the induced number of upsets as well as energy deposition. The WNR facility at Los Alamos provided a neutron spectrum similar to that of the atmospheric neutrons. Its effect on devices was compared to that of protons with energies of 200, 400, 500, and 800 MeV. Measurements indicate that SEU cross sections for 400 MeV protons are similar to those induced by the atmospheric neutron spectrum

Upset in response to a Sibling's partner's infidelities.

Science.gov (United States)

Michalski, Richard L; Shackelford, Todd K; Salmon, Catherine A

2007-03-01

Using data collected from people with at least one brother and one sister, and consistent with an evolutionary perspective, we find that older men and women (a) are more upset by a brother's partner's sexual infidelity than by her emotional infidelity and (b) are more upset by a sister's partner's emotional infidelity than by his sexual infidelity. There were no effects of participant sex or sex of in-law on upset over a sibling's partner's infidelities, but there was an effect of participant sex on reports of upset over one's own partner's infidelities. The results suggest that the key variable among older participants is the sex of the sibling or, correspondingly, the sex of the sibling's partner, as predicted from an evolutionary analysis of reproductive costs, and not the sex of the participant, as predicted from a socialization perspective. Discussion offers directions for future work on jealousy.

Investigation of Single Events Upsets in Silicon and GaAs Structures Using Reaction Calculations

Science.gov (United States)

1994-09-01

Cubed Corporation. The CREME (Cosmic-Ray-Effects on Microelectronics) (73) and the CRUP (Cos- mic Ray Upset Program) (74) are both from the Naval...knowledge, that is impossible to do in advance. The errors per bit day calculated using CREME and CRUP for a device exposed to Adams’ 90% worst-case...emitter junction was measured for alpha particles ion measurements and used in CREME (2) and CRUP from an Americium source in two ways: First, the (3

The supply voltage scaled dependency of the recovery of single event upset in advanced complementary metal—oxide—semiconductor static random-access memory cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Da-Wei; Qin Jun-Rui; Chen Shu-Ming

2013-01-01

Using computer-aided design three-dimensional simulation technology, the supply voltage scaled dependency of the recovery of single event upset and charge collection in static random-access memory cells are investigated. It reveals that the recovery linear energy transfer threshold decreases with the supply voltage reducing, which is quite attractive for dynamic voltage scaling and subthreshold circuit radiation-hardened design. Additionally, the effect of supply voltage on charge collection is also investigated. It is concluded that the supply voltage mainly affects the bipolar gain of the parasitical bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and the existence of the source plays an important role in supply voltage variation. (geophysics, astronomy, and astrophysics)

The measurement and prediction of proton upset

Science.gov (United States)

Shimano, Y.; Goka, T.; Kuboyama, S.; Kawachi, K.; Kanai, T.

1989-12-01

The authors evaluate tolerance to proton upset for three kinds of memories and one microprocessor unit for space use by irradiating them with high-energy protons up to nearly 70 MeV. They predict the error rates of these memories using a modified semi-empirical equation of Bendel and Petersen (1983). A two-parameter method was used instead of Bendel's one-parameter method. There is a large difference between these two methods with regard to the fitted parameters. The calculation of upset rates in orbits were carried out using these parameters and NASA AP8MAC, AP8MIC. For the 93419 RAM the result of this calculation was compared with the in-orbit data taken on the MOS-1 spacecraft. A good agreement was found between the two sets of upset-rate data.

Sex differences in the events that elicit jealousy among homosexuals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dijkstra, Pieternel; Groothof, Hinke A. K.; Poel, Gerda A.; Laverman, Teunis, T. G.; Schrier, Michiel; Buunk, Bram P.

2008-01-01

When individuals are asked which event would upset them more - a partner's emotional infidelity or a partner's sexual infidelity- among heterosexuals more men than women select a partner's sexual infidelity as the most upsetting event, whereas more more women than men select a partner's emotional

UpSet: Visualization of Intersecting Sets

Science.gov (United States)

Lex, Alexander; Gehlenborg, Nils; Strobelt, Hendrik; Vuillemot, Romain; Pfister, Hanspeter

2016-01-01

Understanding relationships between sets is an important analysis task that has received widespread attention in the visualization community. The major challenge in this context is the combinatorial explosion of the number of set intersections if the number of sets exceeds a trivial threshold. In this paper we introduce UpSet, a novel visualization technique for the quantitative analysis of sets, their intersections, and aggregates of intersections. UpSet is focused on creating task-driven aggregates, communicating the size and properties of aggregates and intersections, and a duality between the visualization of the elements in a dataset and their set membership. UpSet visualizes set intersections in a matrix layout and introduces aggregates based on groupings and queries. The matrix layout enables the effective representation of associated data, such as the number of elements in the aggregates and intersections, as well as additional summary statistics derived from subset or element attributes. Sorting according to various measures enables a task-driven analysis of relevant intersections and aggregates. The elements represented in the sets and their associated attributes are visualized in a separate view. Queries based on containment in specific intersections, aggregates or driven by attribute filters are propagated between both views. We also introduce several advanced visual encodings and interaction methods to overcome the problems of varying scales and to address scalability. UpSet is web-based and open source. We demonstrate its general utility in multiple use cases from various domains. PMID:26356912

Nuclear interaction contribution to SEUs in heavy ion energy deposition in the ESA monitor

CERN Document Server

Bahamonde, Cristina

2013-01-01

The effects of nuclear interactions inducing Single Event Upsets in ESA SEU monitor are explored for heavy ion beams of different energies. The experimental and simulated results are compared, the possible causes of disagreement are suggested as well as the future steps to take.

Development of Single-Event Upset hardened programmable logic devices in deep submicron CMOS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonacini, S.

2007-11-01

The electronics associated to the particle detectors of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), under construction at CERN, will operate in a very harsh radiation environment. Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components cannot be used in the vicinity of particle collision due to their poor radiation tolerance. This thesis is a contribution to the effort to cover the need for radiation-tolerant SEU-robust (Single Event Upset) programmable components for application in high energy physics experiments. Two components are under development: a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) and a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The PLD is a fuse-based, 10-input, 8-I/O general architecture device in 0.25 μm CMOS technology. The FPGA under development is a 32*32 logic block array, equivalent to ∼ 25 k gates, in 0.13 μm CMOS. The irradiation test results obtained in the CMOS 0.25 μm technology demonstrate good robustness of the circuit up to an LET (Linear Energy Transfer) of 79.6 cm 2 *MeV/mg, which make it suitable for the target environment. The CMOS 0.13 μm circuit has showed robustness to an LET of 37.4 cm 2 *MeV/mg in the static test mode and has increased sensitivity in the dynamic test mode. This work focused also on the research for an SEU-robust register in both the mentioned technologies. The SEU-robust register is employed as a user data flip-flop in the FPGA and PLD designs and as a configuration cell as well in the FPGA design

Review of Research On Guidance for Recovery from Pitch Axis Upsets

Science.gov (United States)

Harrison, Stephanie J.

2016-01-01

A literature review was conducted to identify past efforts in providing control guidance for aircraft upset recovery including stall recovery. Because guidance is integrally linked to the intended function of aircraft attitude awareness and upset recognition, it is difficult, if not impossible, to consider these issues separately. This literature review covered the aspects of instrumentation and display symbologies for attitude awareness, aircraft upset recognition, upset and stall alerting, and control guidance. Many different forms of symbology have been investigated including, but not limited to, pitch scale depictions, attitude indicator icons, horizon symbology, attitude recovery arrows, and pitch trim indicators. Past research on different visual and alerting strategies that provide advisories, cautions, and warnings to pilots before entering an unusual attitude (UA) are also discussed. Finally, potential control guidance for recovery from upset or unusual attitudes, including approach-to-stall and stall conditions, are reviewed. Recommendations for future research are made.

Upset Prediction in Friction Welding Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei Liu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the upset prediction problem of friction welded joints. Based on finite element simulations of inertia friction welding (IFW, a radial basis function (RBF neural network was developed initially to predict the final upset for a number of welding parameters. The predicted joint upset by the RBF neural network was compared to validated finite element simulations, producing an error of less than 8.16% which is reasonable. Furthermore, the effects of initial rotational speed and axial pressure on the upset were investigated in relation to energy conversion with the RBF neural network. The developed RBF neural network was also applied to linear friction welding (LFW and continuous drive friction welding (CDFW. The correlation coefficients of RBF prediction for LFW and CDFW were 0.963 and 0.998, respectively, which further suggest that an RBF neural network is an effective method for upset prediction of friction welded joints.

Approaches to proton single-event rate calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petersen, E.L.

1996-01-01

This article discusses the fundamentals of proton-induced single-event upsets and of the various methods that have been developed to calculate upset rates. Two types of approaches are used based on nuclear-reaction analysis. Several aspects can be analyzed using analytic methods, but a complete description is not available. The paper presents an analytic description for the component due to elastic-scattering recoils. There have been a number of studies made using Monte Carlo methods. These can completely describe the reaction processes, including the effect of nuclear reactions occurring outside the device-sensitive volume. They have not included the elastic-scattering processes. The article describes the semiempirical approaches that are most widely used. The quality of previous upset predictions relative to space observations is discussed and leads to comments about the desired quality of future predictions. Brief sections treat the possible testing limitation due to total ionizing dose effects, the relationship of proton and heavy-ion upsets, upsets due to direct proton ionization, and relative proton and cosmic-ray upset rates

Proton induced single event upset cross section prediction for 0.15 μm six-transistor (6T) silicon-on-insulator static random access memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Lei; Zhou Wanting; Liu Huihua

2012-01-01

In this paper, an efficient physics-based method to estimate the saturated proton upset cross section for six-transistor (6T) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) static random access memory (SRAM) cells using layout and technology parameters is proposed. This method calculates the effects of radiation based on device physics. The simple method handles the problem with ease by SPICE simulations, which can be divided into two stages. At first, it uses a standard SPICE program to predict the cross section for recoiling heavy ions with linear energy transfer (LET) of 14 MeV-cm 2 /mg. Then, the predicted cross section for recoiling heavy ions with LET of 14 MeV-cm 2 /mg is used to estimate the saturated proton upset cross section for 6T SOI SRAM cells with a simple model. The calculated proton induced upset cross section based on this method is in good agreement with the test results of 6T SOI SRAM cells processed using 0.15 μm technology. (author)

Modeling and control of a DC upset resistance butt welding process

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Naus, G.J.L.; Meulenberg, R.; Molengraft, van de M.J.G.

2007-01-01

This paper presents the analysis and synthesis of modeling and control of the DC upset resistance butt welding process used in rim production lines. A new control strategy is developed, enabling active control of the welding seam temperature and the upset size. As a result, set-up times and energy

Reactor internals design/analysis for normal, upset, and faulted conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burke, F.R.

1977-06-01

The analytical procedures used by Babcock and Wilcox to demonstrate the structural integrity of the 205-FA reactor internals are described. Analytical results are presented and compared to ASME Code allowable limits for Normal, Upset, and Faulted conditions. The particular faulted condition considered is a simultaneous loss-of-coolant accident and safe shutdown earthquake. The operating basis earthquake is addressed as an Upset condition

Upset Over Sexual versus Emotional Infidelity Among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Frederick, David A; Fales, Melissa R

2016-01-01

One hypothesis derived from evolutionary perspectives is that men are more upset than women by sexual infidelity and women are more upset than men by emotional infidelity. The proposed explanation is that men, in contrast to women, face the risk of unwittingly investing in genetically unrelated offspring. Most studies, however, have relied on small college or community samples of heterosexual participants. We examined upset over sexual versus emotional jealousy among 63,894 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual participants. Participants imagined which would upset them more: their partners having sex with someone else (but not falling in love with them) or their partners falling in love with someone else (but not having sex with them). Consistent with this evolutionary perspective, heterosexual men were more likely than heterosexual women to be upset by sexual infidelity (54 vs. 35 %) and less likely than heterosexual women to be upset by emotional infidelity (46 vs. 65 %). This gender difference emerged across age groups, income levels, history of being cheated on, history of being unfaithful, relationship type, and length. The gender difference, however, was limited to heterosexual participants. Bisexual men and women did not differ significantly from each other in upset over sexual infidelity (30 vs. 27 %), regardless of whether they were currently dating a man (35 vs. 29 %) or woman (28 vs. 20 %). Gay men and lesbian women also did not differ (32 vs. 34 %). The findings present strong evidence that a gender difference exists in a broad sample of U.S. adults, but only among heterosexuals.

Single event effects and performance predictions for space applications of RISC processors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kimbrough, J.R.; Colella, N.J.; Denton, S.M.; Shaeffer, D.L.; Shih, D.; Wilburn, J.W.; Coakley, P.G.; Casteneda, C.; Koga, R.; Clark, D.A.; Ullmann, J.L.

1994-01-01

Proton and ion Single Event Phenomena (SEP) tests were performed on 32-b processors including R3000A's from all commercial manufacturers along with the Performance PR3400 family, Integrated Device Technology Inc. 79R3081, LSI Logic Corporation LR33000HC, and Intel i80960MX parts. The microprocessors had acceptable upset rates for operation in a low earth orbit or a lunar mission such as CLEMENTINE with a wide range in proton total dose failure. Even though R3000A devices are 60% smaller in physical area than R3000 devices, there was a 340% increase in device Single Event Upset (SEU) cross section. Software tests of varying complexity demonstrate that registers and other functional blocks using register architecture dominate the cross section. The current approach of giving a single upset cross section can lead to erroneous upset rates depending on the application software

Corrected multiple upsets and bit reversals for improved 1-s resolution measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brucker, G.J.; Stassinopoulos, E.G.; Stauffer, C.A.

1994-01-01

Previous work has studied the generation of single and multiple errors in control and irradiated static RAM samples (Harris 6504RH) which were exposed to heavy ions for relatively long intervals of time (minute), and read out only after the beam was shut off. The present investigation involved storing 4k x 1 bit maps every second during 1 min ion exposures at low flux rates of 10 3 ions/cm 2 -s in order to reduce the chance of two sequential ions upsetting adjacent bits. The data were analyzed for the presence of adjacent upset bit locations in the physical memory plane, which were previously defined to constitute multiple upsets. Improvement in the time resolution of these measurements has provided more accurate estimates of multiple upsets. The results indicate that the percentage of multiples decreased from a high of 17% in the previous experiment to less than 1% for this new experimental technique. Consecutive double and triple upsets (reversals of bits) were detected. These were caused by sequential ions hitting the same bit, with one or two reversals of state occurring in a 1-min run. In addition to these results, a status review for these same parts covering 3.5 years of imprint damage recovery is also presented

Upset in Response to a Sibling’s Partner’s Infidelity

OpenAIRE

Dafni Hellstrand; Elisavet Chrysochoou

2015-01-01

Existing evidence suggests that the psychological design of romantic jealousy differs for men and women: Men are more likely than women to report greater upset in response to a partner’s sexual than emotional infidelity, whereas women are more likely than men to report greater upset in response to a partner’s emotional than sexual infidelity. However, the observed sex difference can be explained after the fact by both an evolutionary analysis of past reproductive costs and a social constructi...

Fabrication and properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O high Tc superconductor by upset-forging method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Ho Jung; Kang, Kae Myung; Song, Jin Tae

1990-01-01

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x oxide superconductors was fabricated by sintering process and upset-forging method, respectively, and microstructures and conduction properties were compared. There was no difference in crystal structure the (001) x-ray reflection presumably due to preferred crystal orientation of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconductor. Furthermore, the grain size of the 123-phase increased as the reduction ratio became larger during the upset-forging. The critical temperature for zero resistivity of both samples was almost the same, i.e., about 90K. These results have demonstrated the potential of producing YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x superconducting wire or tape effectively using a upset-forging method. The critical current density of the upset-forged sample, however, was lower than that of the sintered one, which fact might be ascribed to microcrack formation during fast upset-forging. (Author)

Single-Event Effect Performance of a Conductive-Bridge Memory EEPROM

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Dakai; Wilcox, Edward; Berg, Melanie; Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Figueiredo, Marco; Seidleck, Christina; LaBel, Kenneth

2015-01-01

We investigated the heavy ion single-event effect (SEE) susceptibility of the industry’s first stand-alone memory based on conductive-bridge memory (CBRAM) technology. The device is available as an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). We found that single-event functional interrupt (SEFI) is the dominant SEE type for each operational mode (standby, dynamic read, and dynamic write/read). SEFIs occurred even while the device is statically biased in standby mode. Worst case SEFIs resulted in errors that filled the entire memory space. Power cycle did not always clear the errors. Thus the corrupted cells had to be reprogrammed in some cases. The device is also vulnerable to bit upsets during dynamic write/read tests, although the frequency of the upsets are relatively low. The linear energy transfer threshold for cell upset is between 10 and 20 megaelectron volts per square centimeter per milligram, with an upper limit cross section of 1.6 times 10(sup -11) square centimeters per bit (95 percent confidence level) at 10 megaelectronvolts per square centimeter per milligram. In standby mode, the CBRAM array appears invulnerable to bit upsets.

Dynamic effect in ultrasonic assisted micro-upsetting

Science.gov (United States)

Presz, Wojciech

2018-05-01

The use of ultrasonic assistance in microforming is becoming more and more popular. Mainly due to the beneficial effect of vibrations on the flow of plastic deformation reported already in the 50s of the last century. The influence is of two types: surface and volume. The surface effect is mainly the reduction of friction forces, and volumetric is the impact on the dislocation movement and even on phase transitions. The work focuses on the dynamic aspect of vibration assisted microforming. The use of ultrasonic vibrations at a frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of 16 µm, in the micro-upsetting process of an aluminum sample resulted in a high concentration of strain on both ends of the sample - at 14% of the height on both sides. There was observed (in relation to deformations of the sample without vibrations) 150-250% increase and a 50% decrease in strain in the center of the sample. At the same time, the larger deformations occurred from the impact side of the punch. Analyzing the course of forces of the upsetting process in the loading and unloading phase as well as the process of breaking glass samples, the spring deflections of key system elements and their natural frequencies were determined or calculated. Based on the determined or calculated parameters of the test stand, it was shown that during the micro-upsetting process the punch may detach from the sample surface and this is the main reason for the phenomena occurring. Detach of the punch is also the cause of the observed instability of the measurement of force, which should be considered unbelievable in such a situation.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance upset butt welded 304 austenitic stainless steel joints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharifitabar, M.; Halvaee, A.; Khorshahian, S.

2011-01-01

Graphical abstract: Three different microstructural zones formed at different distances from the joint interface in resistance upset butt welding of 304 austenitic stainless steel. Highlights: → Evaluation of microstructure in resistance upset welding of 304 stainless steel. → Evaluation of welding parameters effects on mechanical properties of the joint. → Introducing the optimum welding condition for joining stainless steel bars. -- Abstract: Resistance upset welding (UW) is a widely used process for joining metal parts. In this process, current, time and upset pressure are three parameters that affect the quality of welded products. In the present research, resistance upset butt welding of 304 austenitic stainless steel and effect of welding power and upset pressure on microstructure, tensile strength and fatigue life of the joint were investigated. Microstructure of welds were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to distinguish the phase(s) that formed at the joint interface and in heat affected zone (HAZ). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) linked to the SEM was used to determine chemical composition of phases formed at the joint interface. Fatigue tests were performed using a pull-push fatigue test machine and the fatigue properties were analyzed drawing stress-number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves. Also tensile strength tests were performed. Finally tensile and fatigue fracture surfaces were studied by SEM. Results showed that there were three different microstructural zones at different distances from the joint interface and delta ferrite phase has formed in these regions. There was no precipitation of chromium carbide at the joint interface and in the HAZ. Tensile and fatigue strengths of the joint decreased with welding power. Increasing of upset pressure has also considerable influence on tensile strength of the joint. Fractography of fractured samples showed that formation of hot spots at

Injecting Artificial Memory Errors Into a Running Computer Program

Science.gov (United States)

Bornstein, Benjamin J.; Granat, Robert A.; Wagstaff, Kiri L.

2008-01-01

Single-event upsets (SEUs) or bitflips are computer memory errors caused by radiation. BITFLIPS (Basic Instrumentation Tool for Fault Localized Injection of Probabilistic SEUs) is a computer program that deliberately injects SEUs into another computer program, while the latter is running, for the purpose of evaluating the fault tolerance of that program. BITFLIPS was written as a plug-in extension of the open-source Valgrind debugging and profiling software. BITFLIPS can inject SEUs into any program that can be run on the Linux operating system, without needing to modify the program s source code. Further, if access to the original program source code is available, BITFLIPS offers fine-grained control over exactly when and which areas of memory (as specified via program variables) will be subjected to SEUs. The rate of injection of SEUs is controlled by specifying either a fault probability or a fault rate based on memory size and radiation exposure time, in units of SEUs per byte per second. BITFLIPS can also log each SEU that it injects and, if program source code is available, report the magnitude of effect of the SEU on a floating-point value or other program variable.

Statistics and methodology of multiple cell upset characterization under heavy ion irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zebrev, G.I.; Gorbunov, M.S.; Useinov, R.G.; Emeliyanov, V.V.; Ozerov, A.I.; Anashin, V.S.; Kozyukov, A.E.; Zemtsov, K.S.

2015-01-01

Mean and partial cross-section concepts and their connections to multiplicity and statistics of multiple cell upsets (MCUs) in highly-scaled digital memories are introduced and discussed. The important role of the experimental determination of the upset statistics is emphasized. It was found that MCU may lead to quasi-linear dependence of cross-sections on linear energy transfer (LET). A new form of function for interpolation of mean cross-section dependences on LET has been proposed

A Model for Microcontroller Functionality Upset Induced by External Pulsed Electromagnetic Irradiation

Science.gov (United States)

2016-11-21

AFRL-RD-PS- AFRL-RD-PS- TN-2016-0003 TN-2016-0003 A Model for Microcontroller Functionality Upset Induced by External Pulsed Electromagnetic...TYPE Technical Note 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 22-11-2015 – 21-11-2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A Model for Microcontroller Functionality Upset Induced by... microcontroller (µC) subjected to external irradiation by a narrowband electromagnetic (EM) pulse. In our model, the state of a µC is completely specified by

Upset in Response to a Sibling’s Partner’s Infidelity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dafni Hellstrand

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Existing evidence suggests that the psychological design of romantic jealousy differs for men and women: Men are more likely than women to report greater upset in response to a partner’s sexual than emotional infidelity, whereas women are more likely than men to report greater upset in response to a partner’s emotional than sexual infidelity. However, the observed sex difference can be explained after the fact by both an evolutionary analysis of past reproductive costs and a social constructionist analysis of social and gender role training. Attempting to disentangle these competing perspectives, researchers have measured participants’ upset in response to a sibling’s or a child’s partner’s infidelities. In contrast to what a socialization perspective would predict, participants’ sex did not seem to affect their responses; the key variable was the sex of the sibling or the child, in line with a heuristic application of the evolutionary perspective. The present study attempted not only to test these competing hypotheses but also to extend previous work by involving participants with a gay or lesbian sibling and examining whether participants’ responses are triggered by their sibling’s or sibling’s partner’s sex. In line with an evolutionary perspective, participants’ sex did not assert an effect on their responses. The key variable seemed to be the sex of the sibling (rather than the sex of the sibling’s partner, with participants reporting greater levels of upset in response to the sexual than emotional infidelity of a gay brother’s partner and to the emotional than sexual infidelity of a lesbian sister’s partner. The ensuing discussion offers suggestions for future work on sex-specific triggers of jealousy.

Single-event transients (SET) in analog circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Panxun; Zhou Kaiming

2006-01-01

A new phenomenon of single- event upset is introduced. The transient signal is produced in the output of analog circuits after a heavy ion strikes. The transient upset can influence the circuit connected with the output of analog circuits. For example, the output of operational amplifier can be connected with the input of a digital counter, and the pulse of sufficiently high transient output induced by an ion can increase counts of the counter. On the other hand, the transient voltage signal at the output of analog circuits can change the stage of other circuits. (authors)

Stability and performance analysis of a jump linear control system subject to digital upsets

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Rui; Sun, Hui; Ma, Zhen-Yang

2015-04-01

This paper focuses on the methodology analysis for the stability and the corresponding tracking performance of a closed-loop digital jump linear control system with a stochastic switching signal. The method is applied to a flight control system. A distributed recoverable platform is implemented on the flight control system and subject to independent digital upsets. The upset processes are used to stimulate electromagnetic environments. Specifically, the paper presents the scenarios that the upset process is directly injected into the distributed flight control system, which is modeled by independent Markov upset processes and independent and identically distributed (IID) processes. A theoretical performance analysis and simulation modelling are both presented in detail for a more complete independent digital upset injection. The specific examples are proposed to verify the methodology of tracking performance analysis. The general analyses for different configurations are also proposed. Comparisons among different configurations are conducted to demonstrate the availability and the characteristics of the design. Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61403395), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (Grant No. 13JCYBJC39000), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry, China, the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance in Civil Aviation of China (Grant No. 104003020106), and the Fund for Scholars of Civil Aviation University of China (Grant No. 2012QD21x).

Sex differences in the events that elicit jealousy among homosexuals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dijkstra, Pieternel; Groothof, H.; Poel, G.A.; Haverman, T.TG; Buunk, Abraham (Bram)

When individuals ale asked which event would upset them more-a partner's emotional infidelity or a partner's sexual infidelity-among heterosexuals more men than women select a partner's sexual infidelity as the most distressing event, whereas more women than men select a partner's emotional

Single event effect testing of the Intel 80386 family and the 80486 microprocessor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moran, A.; LaBel, K.; Gates, M.; Seidleck, C.; McGraw, R.; Broida, M.; Firer, J.; Sprehn, S.

1996-01-01

The authors present single event effect test results for the Intel 80386 microprocessor, the 80387 coprocessor, the 82380 peripheral device, and on the 80486 microprocessor. Both single event upset and latchup conditions were monitored

Experimental study on heavy-ion single event effect on nanometer DDR SRAM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Yinhong; Zhang Fengqi; Guo Hongxia; Zhou Hui; Wang Yanping; Zhang Keying

2013-01-01

Single event effect experimental study on 90 nm and 65 nm DDR SRAM were carried out, single event upset (SEU) cross section was discussed as a function of several parameters such as feature size, test pattern, incidence angle, supply voltage. Key influence factors and effect rule were analyzed. Feasibility of the current test method was discussed. Results indicate that, SEU cross section reduces as technologies scale down; the influence of test pattern and power supply on SEU cross section is small; tilt angle increases SEU cross section due to multiple upset increasement. The applicability of cosine tilt test method is correlative to ion species and linear energy transfer (LET) values. (authors)

Techniques to maximize software reliability in radiation fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eichhorn, G.; Piercey, R.B.

1986-01-01

Microprocessor system failures due to memory corruption by single event upsets (SEUs) and/or latch-up in RAM or ROM memory are common in environments where there is high radiation flux. Traditional methods to harden microcomputer systems against SEUs and memory latch-up have usually involved expensive large scale hardware redundancy. Such systems offer higher reliability, but they tend to be more complex and non-standard. At the Space Astronomy Laboratory the authors have developed general programming techniques for producing software which is resistant to such memory failures. These techniques, which may be applied to standard off-the-shelf hardware, as well as custom designs, include an implementation of Maximally Redundant Software (MRS) model, error detection algorithms and memory verification and management

Test CMOS/SOS RAM for transient radiation upset comparative research and failure analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikiforov, A.Y.; Poljakov, I.V.

1995-01-01

The test Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor/Silicon-on-Sapphire Random Access Memory (CMOS/SOS RAM) with eight types of memory cells was designed and tested at high dose rates with a flash X-ray machine and laser simulator. The memory cell (MC) design with additional transistors and RC-chain was found to be upset free up to 2 x 10 12 rad(Si)/s. An inversion effect was discovered in which almost 100% logic upset was observed in poorly protected memory cell arrays at very high dose rates

Are Sexual and Emotional Infidelity Equally Upsetting to Men and Women? Making Sense of Forced-Choice Responses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David A. Lishner

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Forced-choice measures that assess reactions to imagined sexual and emotional infidelity are ubiquitous in studies testing the Jealousy as a Specific Innate Module (JSIM model. One potential problem with such measures is that they fail to identify respondents who find both forms of infidelity equally upsetting. To examine this issue, an experiment was conducted in which two groups of participants imagined a romantic infidelity after which participants in the first group used a traditional forced-choice measure to indicate whether they found sexual or emotional infidelity more upsetting. Participants in the second group instead used a modified forced-choice measure that allowed them also to indicate whether they found both forms of infidelity equally upsetting. Consistent with previous research, those given the traditional forced-choice measure tended to respond in a manner that supported the JSIM model. However, the majority of participants given the modified measure indicated that both forms of infidelity were equally upsetting.

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesJoint Redundant Residue Number Systems and Module Isolation for Mitigating Single Event Multiple Bit Upsets in Datapath

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Lei; Hu, Jianhao

2010-12-01

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles"Joint Redundant Residue Number Systems and Module Isolation for Mitigating Single Event Multiple Bit Upsets in Datapath"by Lei Li and Jianhao Hu,in the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol.57, no.6, Dec. 2010, pp. 3779-3786After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.This paper contains substantial duplication of original text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following articles:"Multiple Error Detection and Correction Based on Redundant Residue Number Systems"by Vik Tor Goh and M.U. Siddiqi,in the IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.56, no.3, March 2008, pp.325-330"A Coding Theory Approach to Error Control in Redundant Residue Number Systems. I: Theory and Single Error Correction"by H. Krishna, K-Y. Lin, and J-D. Sun, in the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.39, no.1, Jan 1992, pp.8-17In this paper, we propose a joint scheme which combines redundant residue number systems (RRNS) with module isolation (MI) for mitigating single event multiple bit upsets (SEMBUs) in datapath. The proposed hardening scheme employs redundant residues to improve the fault tolerance for datapath and module spacings to guarantee that SEMBUs caused by charge sharing do not propagate among the operation channels of different moduli. The features of RRNS, such as independence, parallel and error correction, are exploited to establish the radiation hardening architecture for the datapath in radiation environments. In the proposed

Solid-state resistance upset welding: A process with unique advantages for advanced materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanne, W.R. Jr.

1993-01-01

Solid-state resistance upset welding is suitable for joining many alloys that are difficult to weld using fusion processes. Since no melting takes place, the weld metal retains many of the characteristics of the base metal. Resulting welds have a hot worked structure, and thereby have higher strength than fusion welds in the same mate. Since the material being joined is not melted, compositional gradients are not introduced, second phase materials are minimally disrupted, and minor alloying elements, do not affect weldability. Solid-state upset welding has been adapted for fabrication of structures considered very large compared to typical resistance welding applications. The process has been used for closure of capsules, small vessels, and large containers. Welding emphasis has been on 304L stainless steel, the material for current applications. Other materials have, however, received enough attention to have demonstrated capability for joining alloys that are not readily weldable using fusion welding methods. A variety of other stainless steels (including A-286), superalloys (including TD nickel), refractory metals (including tungsten), and aluminum alloys (including 2024) have been successfully upset welded

Upset Prevention and Recovery for Unimpaired and Impaired Aircraft, Phase II

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The objective of the project is the development of an on-board envelope estimation, protection and upset recovery tool to address loss of control incidents in...

The educational inclusion of the students with upsets of the oral communication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Merling Murguia Moré

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The educational inclusion imposes challenges to the National System of Education, to optimize the attention to the students with upsets of the oral communication. Is the objective of the article to share the design of an investigation that assists to the scientific problem how to contribute to the improvement of the educational inclusion of the students with upsets of the oral communication? The employment of the investigation-action-participativa it drives to the execution of the objective related with the construction of a pedagogic model for the improvement of this process. The results of the investigation will constitute a necessary contribution to the educational inclusion in the National System of Education

Investigation and control of factors influencing resistance upset butt welding.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kerstens, N.F.H.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this work is to investigate the factors influencing the resistance upset butt welding process to obtain an understanding of the metal behaviour and welding process characteristics, so that new automotive steels can be welded with reduced development time and fewer failures in

upSET, the Drosophila homologue of SET3, Is Required for Viability and the Proper Balance of Active and Repressive Chromatin Marks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kyle A. McElroy

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Chromatin plays a critical role in faithful implementation of gene expression programs. Different post-translational modifications (PTMs of histone proteins reflect the underlying state of gene activity, and many chromatin proteins write, erase, bind, or are repelled by, these histone marks. One such protein is UpSET, the Drosophila homolog of yeast Set3 and mammalian KMT2E (MLL5. Here, we show that UpSET is necessary for the proper balance between active and repressed states. Using CRISPR/Cas-9 editing, we generated S2 cells that are mutant for upSET. We found that loss of UpSET is tolerated in S2 cells, but that heterochromatin is misregulated, as evidenced by a strong decrease in H3K9me2 levels assessed by bulk histone PTM quantification. To test whether this finding was consistent in the whole organism, we deleted the upSET coding sequence using CRISPR/Cas-9, which we found to be lethal in both sexes in flies. We were able to rescue this lethality using a tagged upSET transgene, and found that UpSET protein localizes to transcriptional start sites (TSS of active genes throughout the genome. Misregulated heterochromatin is apparent by suppressed position effect variegation of the wm4 allele in heterozygous upSET-deleted flies. Using nascent-RNA sequencing in the upSET-mutant S2 lines, we show that this result applies to heterochromatin genes generally. Our findings support a critical role for UpSET in maintaining heterochromatin, perhaps by delimiting the active chromatin environment.

Direct Observation of Asperity Deformation of Specimen with Random Rough Surface in Upsetting Process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Azushima, A.; Kuba, S.; Tani, S.

2004-01-01

The trapping behavior of liquid lubricant and contact behavior of asperities at the workpiece-tool interface during upsetting and indentation are observed directly using a compression subpress which consists of a transparent die made of sapphire, a microscope with a CCD camera and a video system....... The experiments are carried out without lubricant and with lubricant. Specimens used are commercially pure A1100 Aluminum with a random rough surface. From this observation, the change in the fraction of real contact area is measured by an image processor. The real contact area ratios in upsetting experiment...

CRRES microelectronics test package (MEP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mullen, E.G.; Ray, K.P.

1993-01-01

The Microelectronics Test Package (MEP) flown on board the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) contained over 60 device types and approximately 400 total devices which were tested for both single event upset (SEU) and total dose (parametric degradation and annealing). A description of the experiment, the method of testing devices, and the structure of data acquisition are presented. Sample flight data are shown. These included SEUs from a GaAs 1 K RAM during the March 1991 solar flare, and a comparison between passive shielding and a specially designed spot shielding package

Analysis by Monte Carlo simulations of the sensitivity to single event upset of SRAM memories under spatial proton or terrestrial neutron environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lambert, D.

2006-07-01

Electronic systems in space and terrestrial environments are subjected to a flow of particles of natural origin, which can induce dysfunctions. These particles can cause Single Event Upsets (SEU) in SRAM memories. Although non-destructive, the SEU can have consequences on the equipment functioning in applications requiring a great reliability (airplane, satellite, launcher, medical, etc). Thus, an evaluation of the sensitivity of the component technology is necessary to predict the reliability of a system. In atmospheric environment, the SEU sensitivity is mainly caused by the secondary ions resulting from the nuclear reactions between the neutrons and the atoms of the component. In space environment, the protons with strong energies induce the same effects as the atmospheric neutrons. In our work, a new code of prediction of the rate of SEU has been developed (MC-DASIE) in order to quantify the sensitivity for a given environment and to explore the mechanisms of failures according to technology. This code makes it possible to study various technologies of memories SRAM (Bulk and SOI) in neutron and proton environment between 1 MeV and 1 GeV. Thus, MC-DASIE was used with experiment data to study the effect of integration on the sensitivity of the memories in terrestrial environment, a comparison between the neutron and proton irradiations and the influence of the modeling of the target component on the calculation of the rate of SEU. (author)

High electrical resistivity Nd-Fe-B die-upset magnet doped with eutectic DyF3–LiF salt mixture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. M. Kim

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Nd-Fe-B-type die-upset magnet with high electrical resistivity was prepared by doping of eutectic DyF3–LiF salt mixture. Mixture of melt-spun Nd-Fe-B flakes (MQU-F: Nd13.6Fe73.6Co6.6Ga0.6B5.6 and eutectic binary (DyF3–LiF salt (25 mol% DyF3 – 75 mol% LiF was hot-pressed and then die-upset. By adding the eutectic salt mixture (> 4 wt%, electrical resistivity of the die-upset magnet was enhanced to over 400 μΩ.cm compared to 190 μΩ.cm of the un-doped magnet. Remarkable enhancement of the electrical resistivity was attributed to homogeneous and continuous coverage of the interface between flakes by the easily melted eutectic salt dielectric mixture. It was revealed that active substitution of the Nd atoms in neighboring flakes by the Dy atoms from the added (DyF3–LiF salt mixture had occurred during such a quick thermal processing of hot-pressing and die-upsetting. This Dy substitution led to coercivity enhancement in the die-upset magnet doped with the eutectic (DyF3–LiF salt mixture. Coercivity and remanence of the die-upset magnet doped with (DyF3–LiF salt mixture was as good as those of the DyF3-doped magnet.

Crying without a cause and being easily upset in two-year-olds: heritability and predictive power of behavioral problems.

Science.gov (United States)

Groen-Blokhuis, Maria M; Middeldorp, Christel M; M van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E; Boomsma, Dorret I

2011-10-01

In order to estimate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on 'crying without a cause' and 'being easily upset' in 2-year-old children, a large twin study was carried out. Prospective data were available for ~18,000 2-year-old twin pairs from the Netherlands Twin Register. A bivariate genetic analysis was performed using structural equation modeling in the Mx software package. The influence of maternal personality characteristics and demographic and lifestyle factors was tested to identify specific risk factors that may underlie the shared environment of twins. Furthermore, it was tested whether crying without a cause and being easily upset were predictive of later internalizing, externalizing and attention problems. Crying without a cause yielded a heritability estimate of 60% in boys and girls. For easily upset, the heritability was estimated at 43% in boys and 31% in girls. The variance explained by shared environment varied between 35% and 63%. The correlation between crying without a cause and easily upset (r = .36) was explained both by genetic and shared environmental factors. Birth cohort, gestational age, socioeconomic status, parental age, parental smoking behavior and alcohol use during pregnancy did not explain the shared environmental component. Neuroticism of the mother explained a small proportion of the additive genetic, but not of the shared environmental effects for easily upset. Crying without a cause and being easily upset at age 2 were predictive of internalizing, externalizing and attention problems at age 7, with effect sizes of .28-.42. A large influence of shared environmental factors on crying without a cause and easily upset was detected. Although these effects could be specific to these items, we could not explain them by personality characteristics of the mother or by demographic and lifestyle factors, and we recognize that these effects may reflect other maternal characteristics. A substantial influence of genetic factors

Cosmic and terrestrial single-event radiation effects in dynamic random access memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Massengill, L.W.

1996-01-01

A review of the literature on single-event radiation effects (SEE) on MOS integrated-circuit dynamic random access memories (DRAM's) is presented. The sources of single-event (SE) radiation particles, causes of circuit information loss, experimental observations of SE information upset, technological developments for error mitigation, and relationships of developmental trends to SE vulnerability are discussed

Single-event effect ground test issues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koga, R.

1996-01-01

Ground-based single event effect (SEE) testing of microcircuits permits characterization of device susceptibility to various radiation induced disturbances, including: (1) single event upset (SEU) and single event latchup (SEL) in digital microcircuits; (2) single event gate rupture (SEGR), and single event burnout (SEB) in power transistors; and (3) bit errors in photonic devices. These characterizations can then be used to generate predictions of device performance in the space radiation environment. This paper provides a general overview of ground-based SEE testing and examines in critical depth several underlying conceptual constructs relevant to the conduct of such tests and to the proper interpretation of results. These more traditional issues are contrasted with emerging concerns related to the testing of modern, advanced microcircuits

Development and Flight Testing of an Automated Upset Recovery System, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Loss of control (LOC) due to upset is one of the main causes of accidents in manned aircraft and is already emerging as a significant causal factor in unmanned...

Final results of the supra project : Improved Simulation of Upset Recovery

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fucke, L.; Groen, E.; Goman, M.; Abramov, N.; Wentink, M.; Nooij, S.; Zaichik, L.E.; Khrabrov, A.

2012-01-01

The objective of the European research project SUPRA (Simulation of Upset Recovery in Aviation) is to develop technologies that eventually contribute to a reduction of risk of Loss of control - in flight (LOC-I) accidents, today's major cause of fatal accidents in commercial aviation. To this end

CMOS/SOS RAM transient radiation upset and ''inversion'' effect investigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikiforov, A.Y.; Poljakov, I.V.

1996-01-01

The Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor/Silicon-on-Sapphire Random Access Memory (CMOS/SOS RAM) transient upset and inversion effect were investigated with pulsed laser, pulsed voltage generator and low-intensity light simulators. It was found that the inversion of information occurs due to memory cell photocurrents simultaneously with the power supply voltage drop transfer to memory cells outputs

Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Large Transport Airplanes in Upset Conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Foster, John V.; Cunningham, Kevin; Fremaux, Charles M.; Shah, Gautam H.; Stewart, Eric C.; Rivers, Robert A.; Wilborn, James E.; Gato, William

2005-01-01

As part of NASA's Aviation Safety and Security Program, research has been in progress to develop aerodynamic modeling methods for simulations that accurately predict the flight dynamics characteristics of large transport airplanes in upset conditions. The motivation for this research stems from the recognition that simulation is a vital tool for addressing loss-of-control accidents, including applications to pilot training, accident reconstruction, and advanced control system analysis. The ultimate goal of this effort is to contribute to the reduction of the fatal accident rate due to loss-of-control. Research activities have involved accident analyses, wind tunnel testing, and piloted simulation. Results have shown that significant improvements in simulation fidelity for upset conditions, compared to current training simulations, can be achieved using state-of-the-art wind tunnel testing and aerodynamic modeling methods. This paper provides a summary of research completed to date and includes discussion on key technical results, lessons learned, and future research needs.

Ductile failure in upsetting of a rapid-solidification-processed aluminium alloy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Habraken, F.A.C.M.; Dautzenberg, J.H.

1993-01-01

Cold upset-tests have been performed on a Rapid Solidification Processed (RSP) aluminium-alloy, produced by the ‘melt-spun ribbons’-process out of 70% car-scrap and 30% primary scrap. The ribbons are hot extruded, resulting in 29 mm diameter bar. Its properties regarding plastic flow and fracture

Direct observation of asperity deformation of specimens with random rough surfaces in upsetting and indentation processes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Azushima, A.; Kuba, S.; Tani, S.

2006-01-01

The trapping behavior of liquid lubricant and contact behavior of asperities at the workpiece-tool interface during upsetting and indentation are observed directly using a compression subpress which consists of a transparent die made of sapphire, a microscope with a CCD camera and a video system....... The experiments are carried out without lubricant and with lubricant. Specimens used are commercially pure A1100 aluminum with a random rough surface. From these observations, the change in the fraction of real contact area is measured by an image processor. The real contact area ratios in upsetting experiments...

The single-event effect evaluation technology for nano integrated circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Hongchao; Zhao Yuanfu; Yue Suge; Fan Long; Du Shougang; Chen Maoxin; Yu Chunqing

2015-01-01

Single-event effects of nano scale integrated circuits are investigated. Evaluation methods for single-event transients, single-event upsets, and single-event functional interrupts in nano circuits are summarized and classified in detail. The difficulties in SEE testing are discussed as well as the development direction of test technology, with emphasis placed on the experimental evaluation of a nano circuit under heavy ion, proton, and laser irradiation. The conclusions in this paper are based on many years of testing at accelerator facilities and our present understanding of the mechanisms for SEEs, which have been well verified experimentally. (paper)

A software solution to estimate the SEU-induced soft error rate for systems implemented on SRAM-based FPGAs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Zhongming; Lu Min; Yao Zhibin; Guo Hongxia

2011-01-01

SRAM-based FPGAs are very susceptible to radiation-induced Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) in space applications. The failure mechanism in FPGA's configuration memory differs from those in traditional memory device. As a result, there is a growing demand for methodologies which could quantitatively evaluate the impact of this effect. Fault injection appears to meet such requirement. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to analyze the soft errors in SRAM-based FPGAs. This method is based on in depth understanding of the device architecture and failure mechanisms induced by configuration upsets. The developed programs read in the placed and routed netlist, search for critical logic nodes and paths that may destroy the circuit topological structure, and then query a database storing the decoded relationship of the configurable resources and corresponding control bit to get the sensitive bits. Accelerator irradiation test and fault injection experiments were carried out to validate this approach. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Single event effects in pulse width modulation controllers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Penzin, S.H.; Crain, W.R.; Crawford, K.B.; Hansel, S.J.; Kirshman, J.F.; Koga, R.

1996-01-01

SEE testing was performed on pulse width modulation (PWM) controllers which are commonly used in switching mode power supply systems. The devices are designed using both Set-Reset (SR) flip-flops and Toggle (T) flip-flops which are vulnerable to single event upset (SEU) in a radiation environment. Depending on the implementation of the different devices the effect can be significant in spaceflight hardware

High-energy heavy ion testing of VLSI devices for single event ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

per describes the high-energy heavy ion radiation testing of VLSI devices for single event upset (SEU) ... The experimental set up employed to produce low flux of heavy ions viz. silicon ... through which they pass, leaving behind a wake of elec- ... for use in Bus Management Unit (BMU) and bulk CMOS ... was scheduled.

Single event effects induced by 15.14 MeV/u 136Xe ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hou Mingdong; Zhang Qingxiang; Liu Jie; Wang Zhiguang; Jin Yunfan; Zhu Zhiyong; Zhen Honglou; Liu Changlong; Chen Xiaoxi; Wei Xinguo; Zhang Lin; Fan Youcheng; Zhu Zhourong; Zhang Yiting

2002-01-01

Single event effects induced by 15.14 MeV/u 136 Xe ions in different batches of 32k x 8 bits static random access memory are studied. The incident angle dependences of the cross sections for single event upset and single event latch up are presented. The SEE cross sections are plotted versus energy loss instead of linear energy transfer value in sensitive region. The depth of sensitive volume and thickness of 'dead' layer above the sensitive volume are estimated

Investigation and control of factors influencing resistance upset butt welding.

OpenAIRE

Kerstens, N.F.H.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this work is to investigate the factors influencing the resistance upset butt welding process to obtain an understanding of the metal behaviour and welding process characteristics, so that new automotive steels can be welded with reduced development time and fewer failures in production. In principle the welding process is rather simple, the materials to be joined are clamped between two electrodes and pressed together. Because there is an interface present with a higher resist...

Dealing with unexpected events on the flight deck : A conceptual model of startle and surprise

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Landman, H.M.; Groen, E.L.; Paassen, M.M. van; Bronkhorst, A.W.; Mulder, M.

2017-01-01

Objective: A conceptual model is proposed in order to explain pilot performance in surprising and startling situations. Background: Today’s debate around loss of control following in-flight events and the implementation of upset prevention and recovery training has highlighted the importance of

Cyfrowy synchroniczny układ ASIC, jako detektor promieniowania neutronowego

CERN Document Server

Romiński, Adrian; Napieralski, Andrzej

2011-01-01

The paper presents a design of neutron radiation detector. The neutron detector was designed with the application of sensitive to reversible Single Event Upsets (SEUs) digital circuit. The detector bases on a modified shift register (see fig. 3), using dual supply voltage.. The paper presents a number of methods that were developed to enhance sensitivity of the detector to reversible SEUs. The paper discuses physical phenomena that have influenced on the technological fabrication process and topology of the integrated circuit. Some exemplary parameters of the designed register has been given (input capacitance, clock-to-output delay) for the internal flip-flops, pre-layout, as well as post-layout (with extracted parasitic components) simulations, with visible (e.g. approx. 2-3 times) difference between ideal (pre-layout) and real (post-layout) design. The simulation tests and the final layout (see fig. 4) were prepared using CADENCE IC environment in 6.1.4 version, as the process design kit for chosen ITE CMO...

Future challenges in single event effects for advanced CMOS technologies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo Hongxia; Wang Wei; Luo Yinhong; Zhao Wen; Guo Xiaoqiang; Zhang Keying

2010-01-01

SEE have became a substantial Achilles heel for the reliability of space-based advanced CMOS technologies with features size downscaling. Future space and defense systems require identification and understanding of single event effects to develop hardening approaches for advanced technologies, including changes in device geometry and materials affect energy deposition, charge collection,circuit upset, parametric degradation devices. Topics covered include the impact of technology scaling on radiation response, including single event transients in high speed digital circuits, evidence for single event effects caused by proton direct ionization, and the impact for SEU induced by particle energy effects and indirect ionization. The single event effects in CMOS replacement technologies are introduced briefly. (authors)

Analysis of Control Strategies for Aircraft Flight Upset Recovery

Science.gov (United States)

Crespo, Luis G.; Kenny, Sean P.; Cox, David E.; Muri, Daniel G.

2012-01-01

This paper proposes a framework for studying the ability of a control strategy, consisting of a control law and a command law, to recover an aircraft from ight conditions that may extend beyond the normal ight envelope. This study was carried out (i) by evaluating time responses of particular ight upsets, (ii) by evaluating local stability over an equilibrium manifold that included stall, and (iii) by bounding the set in the state space from where the vehicle can be safely own to wings-level ight. These states comprise what will be called the safely recoverable ight envelope (SRFE), which is a set containing the aircraft states from where a control strategy can safely stabilize the aircraft. By safe recovery it is implied that the tran- sient response stays between prescribed limits before converging to a steady horizontal ight. The calculation of the SRFE bounds yields the worst-case initial state corresponding to each control strategy. This information is used to compare alternative recovery strategies, determine their strengths and limitations, and identify the most e ective strategy. In regard to the control law, the authors developed feedback feedforward laws based on the gain scheduling of multivariable controllers. In regard to the command law, which is the mechanism governing the exogenous signals driving the feed- forward component of the controller, we developed laws with a feedback structure that combines local stability and transient response considera- tions. The upset recovery of the Generic Transport Model, a sub-scale twin-engine jet vehicle developed by NASA Langley Research Center, is used as a case study.

Evaluation of the upset risk in CMOS SRAM through full three dimensional simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moreau, Y.; Gasiot, J.; Duzellier, S.

1995-01-01

Upsets caused by incident heavy ion on CMOS static RAM are studied here. Three dimensional device simulations, based on a description of a full epitaxial CMOS inverter, and experimental results are reported for evaluation of single and multiple bit error risk. The particular influences of hit location and incidence angle are examined

Prediction of particle orientation in simple upsetting process of NdFeB magnets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chang, Chao-Cheng; Hsiao, Po-Jen [Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien-Kung Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan (China); You, Jr-Shiang; Chen, Yen-Ju; Chang, Can-Xun [Metal Forming Technology Section, Metal Processing R and D Department, Metal Industries Research and Development Centre, 1001 Kaonan Highway, Kaohsiung 81160, Taiwan (China)

2013-12-16

The magnetic properties of NdFeB magnets are strongly affected by crystallographic texture which is highly associated with particle orientation. This study proposed a method for predicting the particle orientation in the simple upsetting process of NdFeB magnets. The method is based on finite element simulation with flow net analysis. The magnets in a cylindrical form were compressed by two flat dies in a chamber filled with argon at 750°C. Three forming speeds were taken into account in order to obtain flow stress curves used in simulations. The micrographs of the cross sections of the deformed magnets show that the particle deformation significantly increases with the compression. The phenomenon was also predicted by the proposed method. Both simulated and experimental results show that the inhomogeneity of the texture of the NdFeB magnets can be increased by the simple upsetting process. The predicted particle orientations were in a good agreement with those examined in the deformed magnets. The proposed method for predicting particle orientations can also be used in other forming processes of NdFeB magnets.

Prediction of particle orientation in simple upsetting process of NdFeB magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Chao-Cheng; Hsiao, Po-Jen; You, Jr-Shiang; Chen, Yen-Ju; Chang, Can-Xun

2013-01-01

The magnetic properties of NdFeB magnets are strongly affected by crystallographic texture which is highly associated with particle orientation. This study proposed a method for predicting the particle orientation in the simple upsetting process of NdFeB magnets. The method is based on finite element simulation with flow net analysis. The magnets in a cylindrical form were compressed by two flat dies in a chamber filled with argon at 750°C. Three forming speeds were taken into account in order to obtain flow stress curves used in simulations. The micrographs of the cross sections of the deformed magnets show that the particle deformation significantly increases with the compression. The phenomenon was also predicted by the proposed method. Both simulated and experimental results show that the inhomogeneity of the texture of the NdFeB magnets can be increased by the simple upsetting process. The predicted particle orientations were in a good agreement with those examined in the deformed magnets. The proposed method for predicting particle orientations can also be used in other forming processes of NdFeB magnets

Design Tools for Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit (RHinO)

Science.gov (United States)

French, Mathew; Graham, Paul; Wirthlin, Michael; Larchev, Gregory; Bellows, Peter; Schott, Brian

2004-01-01

The Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit (RHinO) project is focused on creating a set of design tools that facilitate and automate design techniques for reconfigurable computing in space, using SRAM-based field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) technology. These tools leverage an established FPGA design environment and focus primarily on space effects mitigation and power optimization. The project is creating software to automatically test and evaluate the single-event-upsets (SEUs) sensitivities of an FPGA design and insert mitigation techniques. Extensions into the tool suite will also allow evolvable algorithm techniques to reconfigure around single-event-latchup (SEL) events. In the power domain, tools are being created for dynamic power visualiization and optimization. Thus, this technology seeks to enable the use of Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit, via an integrated design tool-suite aiming to reduce risk, cost, and design time of multimission reconfigurable space processors using SRAM-based FPGAs.

Development of Single-Event Upset hardened programmable logic devices in deep submicron CMOS; Developpement de circuits logiques programmables resistants aux aleas logiques en technologie CMOS submicrometrique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonacini, S

2007-11-15

The electronics associated to the particle detectors of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), under construction at CERN, will operate in a very harsh radiation environment. Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components cannot be used in the vicinity of particle collision due to their poor radiation tolerance. This thesis is a contribution to the effort to cover the need for radiation-tolerant SEU-robust (Single Event Upset) programmable components for application in high energy physics experiments. Two components are under development: a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) and a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The PLD is a fuse-based, 10-input, 8-I/O general architecture device in 0.25 {mu}m CMOS technology. The FPGA under development is a 32*32 logic block array, equivalent to {approx} 25 k gates, in 0.13 {mu}m CMOS. The irradiation test results obtained in the CMOS 0.25 {mu}m technology demonstrate good robustness of the circuit up to an LET (Linear Energy Transfer) of 79.6 cm{sup 2}*MeV/mg, which make it suitable for the target environment. The CMOS 0.13 {mu}m circuit has showed robustness to an LET of 37.4 cm{sup 2}*MeV/mg in the static test mode and has increased sensitivity in the dynamic test mode. This work focused also on the research for an SEU-robust register in both the mentioned technologies. The SEU-robust register is employed as a user data flip-flop in the FPGA and PLD designs and as a configuration cell as well in the FPGA design.

Research on generation mechanism of single event transient current generated in the semiconductor using ion accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirao, Toshio

2007-01-01

Single-event upset (SEU) is triggered when an amount of electric charges induced by energetic ion incidence exceeds a value known as a critical charge in a very short time period. Therefore, accurate evaluation of electric charge and understanding of basic mechanism of SEU are necessary for the improvement of SEU torrance of electronic devices. In this paper, the collected charges for the single event transient current induced on semiconductor by heavy ion microbeams, and application to use microbeam for single event studies are presented. (author)

Simulation Study of Flap Effects on a Commercial Transport Airplane in Upset Conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Cunningham, Kevin; Foster, John V.; Shah, Gautam H.; Stewart, Eric C.; Ventura, Robin N.; Rivers, Robert A.; Wilborn, James E.; Gato, William

2005-01-01

As part of NASA's Aviation Safety and Security Program, a simulation study of a twinjet transport airplane crew training simulation was conducted to address fidelity for upset or loss of control conditions and to study the effect of flap configuration in those regimes. Piloted and desktop simulations were used to compare the baseline crew training simulation model with an enhanced aerodynamic model that was developed for high-angle-of-attack conditions. These studies were conducted with various flap configurations and addressed the approach-to-stall, stall, and post-stall flight regimes. The enhanced simulation model showed that flap configuration had a significant effect on the character of departures that occurred during post-stall flight. Preliminary comparisons with flight test data indicate that the enhanced model is a significant improvement over the baseline. Some of the unrepresentative characteristics that are predicted by the baseline crew training simulation for flight in the post-stall regime have been identified. This paper presents preliminary results of this simulation study and discusses key issues regarding predicted flight dynamics characteristics during extreme upset and loss-of-control flight conditions with different flap configurations.

Some aspects of barreling in sintered plain carbon steel powder metallurgy preforms during cold upsetting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sumesh Narayan

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The present research establishes a relationship of bulged diameter with densification and hydrostatic stress in forming of sintered iron (Fe powder metallurgy preforms cold upset under two different frictional conditions, namely, nil/no and graphite lubricant condition. Sintered plain carbon steel cylindrical preforms with carbon (C contents of 0, 0.35, 0.75 and 1.1% with constant initial theoretical density of 84% and aspect ratio of 0.4 and 0.6 were prepared using a suitable die-set assembly on a 1 MN capacity hydraulic press and sintered for 90 minutes at 1200 °C. Each sintered preform was cold upset under two different frictional constraints. It is seen that the degree of bulging reduces with reducing frictional constraints at the die contact surface. Further, it is found that the bulging ratio changed as a function of relative density and hydrostatic stress, respectively, according to the power law equations.

Effect of Friction on Barreling during cold Upset Forging of Aluminium 6082 Alloy Solid cylinders

Science.gov (United States)

Priyadarshini, Amrita; Kiran, C. P.; Suresh, K.

2018-03-01

Friction is one of the significant factors in forging operations since it affects metal flow in the die, forming load, strain distribution, tool and die life, surface quality of the product etc. In upset forging, the frictional forces at the die-workpiece interface oppose the outward flow of the material due to which the specimen develops a barrel shape. As a result, the deformation becomes non-uniform or inhomogeneous which is undesirable. Barreling can be reduced by applying effective lubricant on the surface of the platens. The objective of the present work is to study experimentally the effect of various frictional conditions (dry, grease, mineral oil) on barreling during upset forging of aluminum 6082 solid cylinders of different aspect ratio (length/diameter: 0.5, 0.75, 1). The friction coefficients are determined using the ring compression test. Curvature of barrel is determined based on the assumption that the curvature of the barrel follows the geometry of circular arc.

The upgrade of the multiwire drift chamber readout of the HADES experiment at GSI: the optical end point board

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tarantola, Attilio; Michel, Jan; Muentz, Christian; Stroth, Joachim [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Goethe-Universitaet, Frankfurt (Germany); GSI, Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Froehlich, Ingo; Stroebele, Herbert [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Goethe-Universitaet, Frankfurt (Germany); Kolb, Burkhard; Traxler, Michael [GSI, Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Palka, Marek [Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (Poland); GSI, Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany); Wuestenfeld, Joern [Institut fuer Strahlenphysik, Forschungszentrum, Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany)

2009-07-01

One of the goal of the HADES upgrade project is the realization of a new data acquisition scheme for the 24 Multiwire Drift Chambers (MDCs), which allows to increase the readout speed of the 40.000 TDC channels. On the existing MDC Front End Electronic (FEE) side an Optical End Point Board (OEPB) has been designed to control configuration and readout of the chamber's TDCs. The OEPB uses Plastic Optical Fibres (POF) for data transmission, which results in total electromagnetic immunity, amazing simplicity in handling and low power consumption. The employment of a Lattice ECP2/M FPGA with SERDES manages serial data transmission and its large resources allow for the storage of several events close-to-front-end. As 400 OEPBs will be located in the detector acceptance, dedicated FPGA hardware is used to detect Single Event Upsets (SEUs).

Single event effects induced by 15.14 MeV/u sup 1 sup 3 sup 6 Xe ions

CERN Document Server

Hou Ming Dong; LiuJie; Wang Zhi Guang; Jin Yun Fan; Zhu Zhi Yong; Zhen Hong Lou; Liu Chang Long; Chen Xiao Xi; Wei Xin Guo; Zhang Li; Fan You Cheng; Zhu Zhou Rong; Zhang Yiting

2002-01-01

Single event effects induced by 15.14 MeV/u sup 1 sup 3 sup 6 Xe ions in different batches of 32k x 8 bits static random access memory are studied. The incident angle dependences of the cross sections for single event upset and single event latch up are presented. The SEE cross sections are plotted versus energy loss instead of linear energy transfer value in sensitive region. The depth of sensitive volume and thickness of 'dead' layer above the sensitive volume are estimated

O RELACIONAMENTO DO IDOSO COM OS SEUS FAMILIARES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alcinéa Eustáquia Costa

Full Text Available Estudo exploratório-descritivo com os objetivos de conhecer o relacionamento interpessoal entre o idoso e seus familiares e verificar a percepção deste sobre o processo de envelhecimento. Foram entrevistadas 20 pessoas (10 homens e 10 mulheres acima de 60 anos. Os resultados encontrados, provavelmente subsidiarão a assistência de enfermagem a pessoas nessa faixa etária.

Single Event Effects Test Facility Options at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riemer, Bernie [ORNL; Gallmeier, Franz X [ORNL; Dominik, Laura J [ORNL

2015-01-01

Increasing use of microelectronics of ever diminishing feature size in avionics systems has led to a growing Single Event Effects (SEE) susceptibility arising from the highly ionizing interactions of cosmic rays and solar particles. Single event effects caused by atmospheric radiation have been recognized in recent years as a design issue for avionics equipment and systems. To ensure a system meets all its safety and reliability requirements, SEE induced upsets and potential system failures need to be considered, including testing of the components and systems in a neutron beam. Testing of integrated circuits (ICs) and systems for use in radiation environments requires the utilization of highly advanced laboratory facilities that can run evaluations on microcircuits for the effects of radiation. This paper provides a background of the atmospheric radiation phenomenon and the resulting single event effects, including single event upset (SEU) and latch up conditions. A study investigating requirements for future single event effect irradiation test facilities and developing options at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is summarized. The relatively new SNS with its 1.0 GeV proton beam, typical operation of 5000 h per year, expertise in spallation neutron sources, user program infrastructure, and decades of useful life ahead is well suited for hosting a world-class SEE test facility in North America. Emphasis was put on testing of large avionics systems while still providing tunable high flux irradiation conditions for component tests. Makers of ground-based systems would also be served well by these facilities. Three options are described; the most capable, flexible, and highest-test-capacity option is a new stand-alone target station using about one kW of proton beam power on a gas-cooled tungsten target, with dual test enclosures. Less expensive options are also described.

Three-dimensional simulation of charge collection and multiple-bit upset in Si devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dodd, P.E.; Sexton, F.W.; Winokur, P.S.

1994-01-01

In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulation is used to explore the basic charge-collection mechanisms in silicon n + /p diodes. For diodes on lightly-doped substrates ( 15 cm -3 ) struck by a 100-MeV Fe ion, the funneling effect is very strong and essentially all collection is by funnel-assisted drift. This drift collection may occur as late as several nanoseconds after the strike, later than is usually associated with drift collection. For moderately-doped substrates (∼1 x 10 16 cm -3 ) and epitaxial structures grown on heavily-doped substrates, the funnel effect is weaker and drift and diffusion are of more equal importance. For 5-MeV He (α-particle) strikes with low-density charge tracks, the charge-collection transient exhibits both drift and diffusion regimes regardless of the substrate doping. Simulations of diodes with passive external loads indicate that while the current response is altered considerably by the load, total collected charge is not greatly affected for the simple resistive loads studied. Three-dimensional mixed-mode simulation is performed to investigate charge-collection behavior and upset mechanisms in complete CMOS SRAM cells. Simulations of double SRAM cell structures indicate that only collection by diffusion from ''between-node'' strikes is capable of producing multiple-bit upsets in the simulated technology. Limitations of the simulations, specifically carrier-carrier scattering models and large concentration gradients, are also discussed

Experimental Research and Method for Calculation of 'Upsetting-with-Buckling' Load at the Impression-Free (Dieless Preforming of Workpiece

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kukhar Volodymir

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the results of experimental studies of load characteristic changes during the upsetting of high billets with the upsetting ratio (height to diameter ratio from 3.0 to 6.0, which is followed by buckling. Such pass is an effective way of preforming the workpiece for production of forgings with a bended axis or dual forming, and belongs to impression-free (dieless operation of bulk forming. Based on the experimental data analysis, an engineering method for calculation of workpiece pre-forming load as a maximum buckling force has been developed. The analysis of the obtained data confirmed the possibility of performing of this pre-forming operation on the main forging equipment, since the load of shaping by buckling does not exceed the load of the dieforging.

Experimental Research and Method for Calculation of 'Upsetting-with-Buckling' Load at the Impression-Free (Dieless) Preforming of Workpiece

Science.gov (United States)

Kukhar, Volodymir; Artiukh, Victor; Prysiazhnyi, Andrii; Pustovgar, Andrey

2018-03-01

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of load characteristic changes during the upsetting of high billets with the upsetting ratio (height to diameter ratio) from 3.0 to 6.0, which is followed by buckling. Such pass is an effective way of preforming the workpiece for production of forgings with a bended axis or dual forming, and belongs to impression-free (dieless) operation of bulk forming. Based on the experimental data analysis, an engineering method for calculation of workpiece pre-forming load as a maximum buckling force has been developed. The analysis of the obtained data confirmed the possibility of performing of this pre-forming operation on the main forging equipment, since the load of shaping by buckling does not exceed the load of the dieforging.

Upsetting the apple cart: a community anticoagulation clinic survey of life event factors that undermine safe therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Edmundson, Sarah; Stuenkel, Diane L; Connolly, Phyllis M

2005-09-01

Anticoagulation therapy is a life-enhancing therapy for patients who are at risk for embolic events secondary to atrial fibrillation, valve replacement, and other comorbidities. Clinicians are motivated to decrease the amount of time that patients are either under- or over-anticoagulated, common conditions that decrease patient safety at either extreme. The primary purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the relationship between personal life event factors as measured by Norbeck's Life Events Questionnaire, core demographics such as age and income, and anticoagulation regulation. Although many factors affect anticoagulation therapy, the precise impact of life events, positive or negative, is unknown. The salient findings of this study (n = 202) showed a small, though statistically significant, inverse relationship (r = -0.184, P < .01) between negative life events and decreased time within therapeutic international normalized ratio. Total Life Event scores showed a statistically significant inverse relationship (r = -0.159, P < .05) to international normalized ratio time within therapeutic level. Lower income was inversely associated with higher negative Life Event scores (r = -0.192, P < .01). The findings demonstrate the need for strategies that address the potential impact of life events in conjunction with coexisting screening measures used in anticoagulation clinics. Implications for this study are limited by lack of methodology documenting concurrent social support factors and limitations of the research tool to reflect life event issues specific to outpatient seniors.

Results from the First Two Flights of the Static Computer Memory Integrity Testing Experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Hancock, Thomas M., III

1999-01-01

This paper details the scientific objectives, experiment design, data collection method, and post flight analysis following the first two flights of the Static Computer Memory Integrity Testing (SCMIT) experiment. SCMIT is designed to detect soft-event upsets in passive magnetic memory. A soft-event upset is a change in the logic state of active or passive forms of magnetic memory, commonly referred to as a "Bitflip". In its mildest form a soft-event upset can cause software exceptions, unexpected events, start spacecraft safeing (ending data collection) or corrupted fault protection and error recovery capabilities. In it's most severe form loss of mission or spacecraft can occur. Analysis after the first flight (in 1991 during STS-40) identified possible soft-event upsets to 25% of the experiment detectors. Post flight analysis after the second flight (in 1997 on STS-87) failed to find any evidence of soft-event upsets. The SCMIT experiment is currently scheduled for a third flight in December 1999 on STS-101.

Upset due to a single particle caused propagated transients in a bulk CMOS microprocessor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leavy, J.F.; Hoffmann, L.F.; Shoran, R.W.; Johnson, M.T.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on data pattern advances observed in preset, single event upset (SEU) hardened clocked flip-flops, during static Cf-252 exposures on a bulk CMOS microprocessor, that were attributable to particle caused anomalous clock signals, or propagated transients. SPICE simulations established that particle strikes in the output nodes of a clock control logic flip-flop could produce transients of sufficient amplitude and duration to be accepted as legitimate pulses by clock buffers fed by the flip-flop's output nodes. The buffers would then output false clock pulses, thereby advancing the state of the present flip-flops. Masking the clock logic on one of the test chips made the flip-flop data advance cease, confirming the clock logic as the source of the SEU. By introducing N 2 gas, at reduced pressures, into the SEU test chamber to attenuate Cf-252 particle LET's, a 24-26 MeV-cm 2 /mg LET threshold was deduced. Subsequent tests, at the 88-inch cyclotron at Berkeley, established an LET threshold of 30 MeV-cm 2 /mg (283 MeV Cu at 0 degrees) for the generation of false clocks. Cyclotron SEU tests are considered definitive, while Cf-252 data usually is not. However, in this instance Cf-252 tests proved analytically useful, providing SEU characterization data that was both timely and inexpensive

Embedded Detection and Correction of SEU Bursts in SRAM Memories Used as Radiation Detectors

CERN Document Server

Secondo, R.; Danzeca, S.; Losito, R.; Peronnard, P.; Masi, A.; Brugger, M.; Dusseau, L.

2016-01-01

SRAM memories are widely used as particle fluence detectors in high radiation environments, such as in the Radiation Monitoring System (RadMon) currently in operation in the CERN accelerator complex. Multiple Cell Upsets (MCUs), arising from micro-latchup events, are characterized by a large number of SEUs, ultimately affecting the measurement of particle fluxes and resulting in corrupted data and accuracy losses. A study of the generation of this type of SEU bursts was performed on an 8 Mbit 90-nm SRAM memory. Experimental tests were carried out with a focused beam of protons on target as well as in a mixed field environment dominated by high energy hadrons. A solution approach using an on-line detection and correction algorithm embedded on an FPGA was investigated and evaluated for use on a RadMon device.

Analysis of cosmic ray neutron-induced single-event phenomena

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tukamoto, Yasuyuki; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Nakashima, Hideki

2003-01-01

We have developed a database of cross sections for the n+ 28 Si reaction in the energy range between 2 MeV and 3 GeV in order to analyze single-event upset (SEU) phenomena induced by cosmic-ray neutrons in semiconductor memory devices. The data are applied to calculations of SEU cross sections using the Burst Generation Rate (BGR) model including two parameters, critical charge and effective depth. The calculated results are compared with measured SEU cross-sections for energies up to 160 MeV, and the reaction products that provide important effects on SEU are mainly investigated. (author)

Vinculacão em mães adolescentes e seus bebés

OpenAIRE

Jongenelen, Ines; Soares, Isabel; Grossmann, Karin; Martins, Carla

2006-01-01

Neste artigo, as autoras apresentam uma investigação empírica com mães adolescentes e seus bebés, conduzida sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Vinculação de Bowlby. Quarenta adolescentes e seus bebés foram avaliados na gravidez e 12.º mês do pós‑parto, com base, respectivamente, na Adult Attachment Interview e na Situação Estranha. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos bebés apresenta uma organização de vinculação segura à mãe, aos 12 meses de idade. Não foi encontrada uma associação significat...

An Approach for the Assessment of System Upset Resilience

Science.gov (United States)

Torres-Pomales, Wilfredo

2013-01-01

This report describes an approach for the assessment of upset resilience that is applicable to systems in general, including safety-critical, real-time systems. For this work, resilience is defined as the ability to preserve and restore service availability and integrity under stated conditions of configuration, functional inputs and environmental conditions. To enable a quantitative approach, we define novel system service degradation metrics and propose a new mathematical definition of resilience. These behavioral-level metrics are based on the fundamental service classification criteria of correctness, detectability, symmetry and persistence. This approach consists of a Monte-Carlo-based stimulus injection experiment, on a physical implementation or an error-propagation model of a system, to generate a system response set that can be characterized in terms of dimensional error metrics and integrated to form an overall measure of resilience. We expect this approach to be helpful in gaining insight into the error containment and repair capabilities of systems for a wide range of conditions.

Crying without a cause and being easily upset in two-year-olds: heritability and predictive power of behavioral problems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groen-Blokhuis, Maria M.; Middeldorp, Christel M.; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.; Boomsma, Dorret I.

2011-01-01

In order to estimate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on 'crying without a cause' and 'being easily upset' in 2-year-old children, a large twin study was carried out. Prospective data were available for ~18,000 2-year-old twin pairs from the Netherlands Twin Register. A bivariate

Crying Without a Cause and Being Easily Upset in Two-Year-Olds: Heritability and Predictive Power of Behavioral Problems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groen-Blokhuis, M.M.; Middeldorp, C.M.; van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M.; Boomsma, D.I.

2011-01-01

In order to estimate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on 'crying without a cause' and 'being easily upset' in 2-year-old children, a large twin study was carried out. Prospective data were available for ∼18,000 2-year-old twin pairs from the Netherlands Twin Register. A bivariate

CREME96: A revision of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tylka, A.J.; Adams, J.H. Jr.; Boberg, P.R.

1997-01-01

CREME96 is an update of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics code, a widely-used suite of programs for creating numerical models of the ionizing-radiation environment in near-Earth orbits and for evaluating radiation effects in spacecraft. CREME96, which is now available over the World-Wide Web (WWW) at http://crsp3.nrl.navy.mil/creme96/, has many significant features, including (1) improved models of the galactic cosmic ray, anomalous cosmic ray, and solar energetic particle (flare) components of the near-Earth environment; (2) improved geomagnetic transmission calculations; (3) improved nuclear transport routines; (4) improved single-event upset (SEU) calculation techniques, for both proton-induced and direct-ionization-induced SEUs; and (5) an easy-to-use graphical interface, with extensive on-line tutorial information. In this paper the authors document some of these improvements

The magnitude and effects of extreme solar particle events

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiggens Piers

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The solar energetic particle (SEP radiation environment is an important consideration for spacecraft design, spacecraft mission planning and human spaceflight. Herein is presented an investigation into the likely severity of effects of a very large Solar Particle Event (SPE on technology and humans in space. Fluences for SPEs derived using statistical models are compared to historical SPEs to verify their appropriateness for use in the analysis which follows. By combining environment tools with tools to model effects behind varying layers of spacecraft shielding it is possible to predict what impact a large SPE would be likely to have on a spacecraft in Near-Earth interplanetary space or geostationary Earth orbit. Also presented is a comparison of results generated using the traditional method of inputting the environment spectra, determined using a statistical model, into effects tools and a new method developed as part of the ESA SEPEM Project allowing for the creation of an effect time series on which statistics, previously applied to the flux data, can be run directly. The SPE environment spectra is determined and presented as energy integrated proton fluence (cm−2 as a function of particle energy (in MeV. This is input into the SHIELDOSE-2, MULASSIS, NIEL, GRAS and SEU effects tools to provide the output results. In the case of the new method for analysis, the flux time series is fed directly into the MULASSIS and GEMAT tools integrated into the SEPEM system. The output effect quantities include total ionising dose (in rads, non-ionising energy loss (MeV g−1, single event upsets (upsets/bit and the dose in humans compared to established limits for stochastic (or cancer-causing effects and tissue reactions (such as acute radiation sickness in humans given in grey-equivalent and sieverts respectively.

Minimalist fault-tolerance techniques for mitigating single-event effects in non-radiation-hardened microcontrollers

Science.gov (United States)

Caldwell, Douglas Wyche

Commercial microcontrollers--monolithic integrated circuits containing microprocessor, memory and various peripheral functions--such as are used in industrial, automotive and military applications, present spacecraft avionics system designers an appealing mix of higher performance and lower power together with faster system-development time and lower unit costs. However, these parts are not radiation-hardened for application in the space environment and Single-Event Effects (SEE) caused by high-energy, ionizing radiation present a significant challenge. Mitigating these effects with techniques which require minimal additional support logic, and thereby preserve the high functional density of these devices, can allow their benefits to be realized. This dissertation uses fault-tolerance to mitigate the transient errors and occasional latchups that non-hardened microcontrollers can experience in the space radiation environment. Space systems requirements and the historical use of fault-tolerant computers in spacecraft provide context. Space radiation and its effects in semiconductors define the fault environment. A reference architecture is presented which uses two or three microcontrollers with a combination of hardware and software voting techniques to mitigate SEE. A prototypical spacecraft function (an inertial measurement unit) is used to illustrate the techniques and to explore how real application requirements impact the fault-tolerance approach. Low-cost approaches which leverage features of existing commercial microcontrollers are analyzed. A high-speed serial bus is used for voting among redundant devices and a novel wire-OR output voting scheme exploits the bidirectional controls of I/O pins. A hardware testbed and prototype software were constructed to evaluate two- and three-processor configurations. Simulated Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) were injected at high rates and the response of the system monitored. The resulting statistics were used to evaluate

Static Computer Memory Integrity Testing (SCMIT): An experiment flown on STS-40 as part of GAS payload G-616

Science.gov (United States)

Hancock, Thomas

1993-01-01

This experiment investigated the integrity of static computer memory (floppy disk media) when exposed to the environment of low earth orbit. The experiment attempted to record soft-event upsets (bit-flips) in static computer memory. Typical conditions that exist in low earth orbit that may cause soft-event upsets include: cosmic rays, low level background radiation, charged fields, static charges, and the earth's magnetic field. Over the years several spacecraft have been affected by soft-event upsets (bit-flips), and these events have caused a loss of data or affected spacecraft guidance and control. This paper describes a commercial spin-off that is being developed from the experiment.

Measurements of proton upset induced in Cmos devices synthesis of CEA studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mijuin, D.; Buisson, J.; Brunet, J.P.; Murat, J.; Chapuis, T.

1990-01-01

Within its space activities, the Departement d'Electronique et d'Instrumentation Nucleaire (DEIN) is involved in a research program regarding the behaviour of electronic components submitted to the type of radiations encountered in earth orbits or by planetary probes. Located at Saclay, the SATURNE synchrotron is a tool well suited to simulate the effects of high energy cosmic particles. The DEIN has thus carried out several experimental runs in which CMOS SRAM were irradiated with a proton beam. SATURNE is a synchrotron designed for basic research in the physics of light particles and heavy ions of intermediate energy. The energy supplied to the protons lies between 0.2 and 2.9 GeV with an intensity larger than 10 12 protons cycle -1 . During the experiment and in order to lower the proton energy under 200 MeV, an Al-absorber was used. The flux measurement was obtained by two different methods: measurement by activation and measurement by counting (scintillator coupled with a PM). The increase number of upsets during irradiation was determined, on line, for each cycle, by a testor using a comparative hardware method. The testor was designed by the DEIN. Latch-up was also detected. The results, presented in this paper, were obtained during the run of September 1990. The upset cross-sections per bit of static memories MHS 65162. MHS 65641, MOSTEK 48H64 and HYUNDAI 6116 were measured for 1000, 200, 158.9, 147.5, 122.6, 93.3 and 66.2 MeV. These experimental values were fitted using the Bendel equation with two variable parameters proposed by Stapor and al (3). The results of the run of September 1990 encourage us to pursue our studies. By now, it seems necessary to improve the experimental line (elimination of the parasitic effects generated by the Al-absorber) and to upgrade the methods used for measuring the flux

Self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts and emotional eating in family caregivers.

Science.gov (United States)

MacDougall, Megan; Steffen, Ann

2017-10-01

Self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts was examined as a predictor of emotional eating by family caregivers of physically and cognitively impaired older adults. Adult women (N = 158) providing healthcare assistance for an older family member completed an online survey about caregiving stressors, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and emotional eating. A stress process framework was used as a conceptual model to guide selection of variables predicting emotional eating scores. A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted and the overall model was significant (R 2 = .21, F(4,153) = 10.02, p accounting for IADL, role overload, and depression scores. These findings replicate previous research demonstrating the relationship between managing cognitions about caregiving and behavioral responses to stressors, and point to the importance of addressing cognitive processes in efforts to improve caregiver health behaviors.

Single event phenomena in atmospheric neutron environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gossett, C.A.; Hughlock, B.W.; Katoozi, M.; LaRue, G.S.; Wender, S.A.

1993-01-01

As integrated circuit technology achieves higher density through smaller feature sizes and as the airplane manufacturing industry integrates more sophisticated electronic components into the design of new aircraft, it has become increasingly important to evaluate the contribution of single event effects, primarily Single Event Upset (SEU), to the safety and reliability of commercial aircraft. In contrast to the effects of radiation on electronic systems in space applications for which protons and heavy ions are of major concern, in commercial aircraft applications the interactions of high energy neutrons are the dominant cause of single event effects. These high energy neutrons are produced by the interaction of solar and galactic cosmic rays, principally protons and heavy ions, in the upper atmosphere. This paper will describe direct experimental measurements of neutron-induced Single Event Effect (SEE) rates in commercial high density static random access memories in a neutron environment characteristic of that at commercial airplane altitudes. The first experimental measurements testing current models for neutron-silicon burst generation rates will be presented, as well as measurements of charge collection in silicon test structures as a function of neutron energy. These are the first laboratory SEE and charge collection measurements using a particle beam having a continuum energy spectrum and with a shape nearly identical to that observed during flight

To Leave a Praxis to Itself May Be to Upset It in Unintended Ways

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olsen, Poul Bitsch; Axel, Erik

by the researchers on a conception of situated praxis, of conflictual cooperation, and on an interest in morals and the meaning of upsetting practices. The organization of the material may hopefully provoke discussions around praxis as part of its further development. Thus, our presentation is based on a notion...... of praxis. Praxis is formed by the reciprocal differentiations of acts. In order to be able to act here, we try to arrange things to be done in specific ways there. In order to build the house here, we arrange a supply of inhabitants here, a conglomerate of producers there etc.. Furthermore, what we achieve...

Radiation tolerance studies using fault injection on the Readout Control FPGA design of the ALICE TPC detector

Science.gov (United States)

Alme, J.; Fehlker, D.; Lippmann, C.; Mager, M.; Rehman, A. U.; Røed, K.; Röhrich, D.; Ullaland, K.

2013-01-01

Single Event Upsets (SEUs) are a major concern for the TPC Readout Control Unit (RCU) of the ALICE experiment. A SEU is defined as a radiation related bit-flip in a memory cell, and a SEU in the onboard SRAM based FPGA of the RCU may lead to corrupted data or, even worse, a system malfunction. The latter situation will affect the operation of the ALICE detector since it causes a premature end of data taking. Active partial reconfiguration is utilized in a dedicated reconfiguration solution on the RCU, and this makes it possible to implement fault injection. Fault injection means inserting bit flips in the configuration memory of the FPGA in a controlled laboratory environment. This paper presents the results of the fault injection study and shows how this result can be combined with SEU measurements to estimate the functional failure rate as a function of luminosity.

A capacitively coupled dose-rate-dependent transient upset mechanism in a bipolar memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turfler, R.M.; Pease, R.L.; Dinger, G.; Armstrong, B.

1992-01-01

This paper reports on a pattern sensitivity that was observed in the threshold dose rate response of a bipolar 16K PROM for radiation pulse widths of 20-100 ns. For the worst case pattern, the upset threshold was a factor of three lower than for the commonly used checkerboard pattern. The mechanism for this pattern sensitivity was found to be a capacitively coupled voltage transient on a sensitive node which caused a low-to-high transition at the output. A design fix was implemented to significantly alter the ratio of the two parasitic capacitances in a capacitive divider which reduced the amplitude of the voltage transient at the sensitive node. It was demonstrated that in the redesign, the pattern sensitivity was eliminated

Survey of Quantitative Research Metrics to Assess Pilot Performance in Upset Recovery

Science.gov (United States)

Le Vie, Lisa R.

2016-01-01

Accidents attributable to in-flight loss of control are the primary cause for fatal commercial jet accidents worldwide. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a literature review to determine and identify the quantitative standards for assessing upset recovery performance. This review contains current recovery procedures for both military and commercial aviation and includes the metrics researchers use to assess aircraft recovery performance. Metrics include time to first input, recognition time and recovery time and whether that input was correct or incorrect. Other metrics included are: the state of the autopilot and autothrottle, control wheel/sidestick movement resulting in pitch and roll, and inputs to the throttle and rudder. In addition, airplane state measures, such as roll reversals, altitude loss/gain, maximum vertical speed, maximum/minimum air speed, maximum bank angle and maximum g loading are reviewed as well.

Texture evolution maps for upset deformation of body-centered cubic metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Myoung-Gyu; Wang, Jue; Anderson, Peter M.

2007-01-01

Texture evolution maps are used as a tool to visualize texture development during upset deformation in body-centered cubic metals. These maps reveal initial grain orientations that tend toward normal direction (ND)|| versus ND|| . To produce these maps, a finite element analysis (FEA) with a rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive relation for tantalum is used. A reference case having zero workpiece/die friction shows that ∼64% of randomly oriented grains rotate toward ND|| and ∼36% rotate toward ND|| . The maps show well-established trends that increasing strain rate sensitivity and decreasing latent-to-self hardening ratio reduce both and percentages, leading to more diffuse textures. Reducing operative slip systems from both {1 1 0}/ and {1 1 2}/ to just {1 1 0}/ has a mixed effect: it increases the percentage but decreases the percentage. Reducing the number of slip systems and increasing the number of FEA integration points per grain strengthen - texture bands that are observed experimentally

O estigma da violência sofrida por mulheres na relação com seus parceiros íntimos

OpenAIRE

Moreira,Virginia; Boris,Georges Daniel Janja Bloc; Venâncio,Nadja

2011-01-01

Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa sobre o estigma da violência sofrida pelas mulheres na relação com seus parceiros íntimos. Focaliza a compreensão de quais fatores determinantes na relação agressivo-abusiva concorrem para que as mulheres sintam tanta dificuldade de denunciar seus agressores. Fizemos uso do método fenomenológico crítico mundano e, como instrumento, usamos entrevistas áudio-gravadas. Os resultados mostram que essas mulheres suportam várias modalidades de violência na relação c...

Analyzing the Influence of the Angles of Incidence and Rotation on MBU Events Induced by Low LET Heavy Ions in a 28-nm SRAM-Based FPGA

Science.gov (United States)

Tonfat, Jorge; Kastensmidt, Fernanda Lima; Artola, Laurent; Hubert, Guillaume; Medina, Nilberto H.; Added, Nemitala; Aguiar, Vitor A. P.; Aguirre, Fernando; Macchione, Eduardo L. A.; Silveira, Marcilei A. G.

2017-08-01

This paper shows the impact of low linear energy transfer heavy ions on the reliability of 28-nm Bulk static random access memory (RAM) cells from Artix-7 field-programmable gate array. Irradiation tests on the ground showed significant differences in the multiple bit upset cross section of configuration RAM and block RAM memory cells under various angles of incidence and rotation of the device. Experimental data are analyzed at transistor level by using the single-event effect prediction tool called multiscale single-event phenomenon prediction platform coupled with SPICE simulations.

IMPACTO DA ESTRUTURA ORGANIZACIONAL DE DOIS HOSPITAIS PÚBLICOS PORTUGUESES NA EXECUÇÃO DOS SEUS OBJECTIVOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Alves Faria

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objectivo procurar compreender o impacto da estrutura organizacional de dois hospitais públicos portugueses, com diferentes figuras jurídicas, na execução dos seus objectivos, através da percepção dos seus colaboradores. Pretendemos dar um contributo sobre como os gestores dos hospitais podem controlar e modificar a estrutura e o desenho da organização e de que forma essas modificações podem vir a influenciar a execução dos seus objectivos. Assim, recorremos à metodologia do estudo de caso, através do questionário como principal instrumento de recolha de dados, efectuado a 612 colaboradores de ambos os hospitais. Para além de não terem sido encontradas diferenças significativas na estrutura organizacional, entre os dois hospitais, este estudo permite-nos concluir, que o tipo de estrutura organizacional adoptado tem impacto na execução dos objectivos de uma organização, não sendo, no entanto, o único factor que afecta a sua execução.

Influences of lubricant pocket geometry and working conditions upon micro lubrication mechanisms in upsetting and strip drawing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Shimizu, Ichiro; Martins, P. A. F.; Bay, Niels

2010-01-01

, during upsetting and strip drawing, by means of a rigid-viscoplastic finite-element formulation. Special emphasis is placed on the effect of pocket geometry on the build-up of hydrostatic pressure, which is responsible for the onset of micro-lubrication mechanisms. A good agreement is found between......Micro-lubricant pockets located in the surface of plastically deforming workpieces are recognised to improve the performance of fluid lubrication in a metal-forming process. This work investigates the joint influence of pocket geometry and process working conditions on micro-lubrication mechanisms...

Considerations about radioactive events and their psycho social effects; Consideracoes sobre eventos radioativos e seus efeitos psicossociais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasconcelos, Laercia Abreu [Brasilia Univ., DF (Brazil). Inst. de Psicologia. Dept. de Processos Psicologicos Basicos

1995-09-01

This study presents some behavioral patterns which are observed in the context of a radioactive accident. Comparing three different situations involving radioactive elements, Three Mile Island (USA), Chernobyl (ISC) and Goiania (Brazil), it is observed that, despite the differences in radiological levels, the populations involved show similar response characteristics. The impact of the radioactive events on health has been the main concern of the exposed population, and the response patterns observed in the different radioactive events seem to be less variable than it was proposed in the first studies. (author) 29 refs.

ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER (ECAL)

CERN Multimedia

D. Barney

2012-01-01

  All necessary improvements to the online system and configuration to cope with the high-pile-up running conditions in 2012 have been commissioned successfully before the start of data-taking and during 2012 RunA. Hardware interventions included a rework of the preshower HV distribution system (increasing the number of working silicon sensor channels by 2%) and the deployment of two new lasers (blue and green) to improve the long-term stability of the monitoring system. The new lasers were deployed before the start of 2012 running and have been steadily producing monitoring constants since April, in parallel with the old laser, which is still used for the default monitoring corrections. Improvements to the DAQ include a firmware upgrade to recover on-the-fly from many types of suspected single-event upsets (SEUs). Configuration changes include new zero-suppression settings applied online and a new tuning for the algorithm to reduce the rate of anomalous signals firing the Level-1 trigger. Moreo...

HADRON CALORIMETER (HCAL)

CERN Multimedia

P. De Barbaro and J. Mans.

2013-01-01

  After the successful operation of the HCAL sub-detector during the proton-proton run in 2012 and heavy-ion run at the beginning of 2013, the group is now focusing on the following four LS1 tasks: ·       Replacement of present, thick-window, single-anode photomultipliers on HF with new, thin-window, multi-anode PMTs. The replacement of photomultipliers will reduce rate of punch-through window hits. All needed PMTs and baseboards have been delivered to CERN. A quality control station has been set up in B904. ·       Replacement of boards responsible for clock distribution in all HBHE and HO Clock and Control Modules (CCMs).  CCMs reside in each Readout Box and are only accessible when the CMS detector is open.  The installation of new CCMs will allow us to eliminate data loss caused by single-event upsets (SEUs) experienced during the 2011&ndash...

Mitigated FPGA design of multi-gigabit transceivers for application in high radiation environments of High Energy Physics experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brusati, M.; Camplani, A.; Cannon, M.; Chen, H.; Citterio, M.

2017-01-01

SRAM-ba8ed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic devices arc very attractive in applications where high data throughput is needed, such as the latest generation of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. FPGAs have been rarely used in such experiments because of their sensitivity to radiation. The present paper proposes a mitigation approach applied to commercial FPGA devices to meet the reliability requirements for the front-end electronics of the Liquid Argon (LAr) electromagnetic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment, located at CERN. Particular attention will be devoted to define a proper mitigation scheme of the multi-gigabit transceivers embedded in the FPGA, which is a critical part of the LAr data acquisition chain. A demonstrator board is being developed to validate the proposed methodology. :!\\litigation techniques such as Triple Modular Redundancy (T:t\\IR) and scrubbing will be used to increase the robustness of the design and to maximize the fault tolerance from Single-Event Upsets (SEUs).

Evaluation of radiation tolerance of TMR designs in SRAM-based FPGA.

CERN Document Server

Shibin, Konstantin

2016-01-01

During the Summer Student program in CERN I was working in the CMS Muon Drift Tube group, building a setup for evaluating the radiation tolerance of the drift tube signal encoding hardware (Time-to-Digital Converter, TDC) implemented in SRAM-based FPGA using Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). While commercially available SRAM-based FPGAs have more computational power, are more advanced in general than flash-based FPGAs and are the most suitable technology for implementing the TDC logic (also taking into account the performance requirements), in the context of operation inside an environment with high levels of ionizing radiation (such as inside CMS DT detector) they are more susceptible to configuration memory bit flips – Single Event Upsets (SEUs) - due to lower required energy for a memory bit being flipped. The effect of a SEU inside the configuration memory might change the functionality of the underlying building blocks of FPGA and if the respective blocks were involved in implementing the desired custom...

SEU Prediction from SET modeling using multi-node collection in bulk transistors and SRAMs down to the 65 nm technology node

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Artola, L.; Hubert, G.; Duzellier, S.; Artola, L.; Bezerra, F.; Warren, K.M.; Massengill, L.W.; Gaillardin, M.; Paillet, Ph.; Raine, M.; Girard, S.; Schrimpf, R.D.; Reed, R.A.; Weller, R.A.; Ahlbin, J.R.

2011-01-01

A new methodology of prediction for SEU is proposed based on SET modeling. The modeling of multi-node charge collection is performed using the ADDICT model for predicting single event transients and upsets in bulk transistors and SRAMs down to 65 nm. The predicted single event upset cross sections agree well with experimental data for SRAMs. (authors)

Compendium of Single Event Effects, Total Ionizing Dose, and Displacement Damage for Candidate Spacecraft Electronics for NASA

Science.gov (United States)

LaBel, Kenneth A.; OBryan, Martha V.; Chen, Dakai; Campola, Michael J.; Casey, Megan C.; Pellish, Jonathan A.; Lauenstein, Jean-Marie; Wilcox, Edward P.; Topper, Alyson D.; Ladbury, Raymond L.;

Radiation Hardening and Verification Procedure for Compact Flip-Flop Design

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kwon, Inyong; Sung, Seung Hwan [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

For radiation-related applications applying electronic devices in nuclear, space, medicine, and scientific experiment, single event transients (SETs) and single event upsets (SEUs) are become primary concern since they can cause malfunctions in a system by affecting the signal transition and flipping digital bits. The D flip-flop as a register is generally used in digital circuits that require data stability and high speed. For many years, radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) circuits have been gradually developed from traditional circuit architectures. One of common methods is to exploit redundancy in an important circuit block to preserve the correct signal. This technique uses a voting process to have a correct output when other duplicated systems fail due to a single event effect (SEE) including SET and SEU. For instance, B. Olson applied the redundancy technique, formally referred the triple modular redundancy (TMR). Other researchers use various error detection and correction (EDAC) algorithms including redundant bits in the storage circuits to detect and correct errors at the system level. practical experiments at radiation exposure facilities. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) operates a laboratory with high energy radioactive isotope, {sup 60}Co in Jeongeup, Korea. The facility can provide various experiments requiring experimental environment changes by controlling radiation activity and radiated energy. The future direction on RHBD circuits would be integration with the digital DFF presented in this paper and analog front-end units such as OP-amp for charge sensitive or shaping amplifier. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are also major components necessarily imbedded in the most of sensor related electronics. Thus RHBD techniques are inevitably required to protect these circuits from SEE; specifically, SEUs for digital logics and SETs for analog signals. Since most ADCs consist of both analog and digital circuits in their architectures

NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Field Programmable Gate Array Single Event Effects Test Guideline Update

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Melanie D.; LaBel, Kenneth A.

2018-01-01

The following are updated or new subjects added to the FPGA SEE Test Guidelines manual: academic versus mission specific device evaluation, single event latch-up (SEL) test and analysis, SEE response visibility enhancement during radiation testing, mitigation evaluation (embedded and user-implemented), unreliable design and its affects to SEE Data, testing flushable architectures versus non-flushable architectures, intellectual property core (IP Core) test and evaluation (addresses embedded and user-inserted), heavy-ion energy and linear energy transfer (LET) selection, proton versus heavy-ion testing, fault injection, mean fluence to failure analysis, and mission specific system-level single event upset (SEU) response prediction. Most sections within the guidelines manual provide information regarding best practices for test structure and test system development. The scope of this manual addresses academic versus mission specific device evaluation and visibility enhancement in IP Core testing.

Simulation of charge generation and transport in semi-conductors under energetic-particle bombardment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, R.C.

1990-01-01

The passage of energetic ions through semiconductor devices generates excess charge which can produce logic upset, memory change, and device damage. This single event upset (SEU) phenomenon is increasingly important for satellite communications. Experimental and numerical simulation of SEUs is difficult because of the subnanosecond times and large charge densities within the ion track. The objective of this work is twofold: (1) the determination of the track structure and electron-hole pair generation profiles following the passage of an energetic ion; (2) the development and application of a new numerical method for transient charge transport in semiconductor devices. A secondary electron generation and transport model, based on the Monte Carlo method, is developed and coupled to an ion transport code to simulate ion track formation in silicon. A new numerical method is developed for the study of transient charge transport. The numerical method combines an axisymmetric quadratic finite-element formulation for the solution of the potential with particle simulation methods for electron and hole transport. Carrier transport, recombination, and thermal generation of both majority and minority carriers are included. To assess the method, transient one-dimensional solutions for silicon diodes are compared to a fully iterative finite-element method. Simulations of charge collection from ion tracks in three-dimensional axisymmetric devices are presented and compared to previous work. The results of this work for transient current pulses following charged ion passage are in agreement with recent experimental data

Failure modes induced by natural radiation environments on DRAM memories: study, test methodology and mitigation technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bougerol, A.

2011-05-01

DRAMs are frequently used in space and aeronautic systems. Their sensitivity to cosmic radiations have to be known in order to satisfy reliability requirements for critical applications. These evaluations are traditionally done with particle accelerators. However, devices become more complex with technology integration. Therefore new effects appear, inducing longer and more expensive tests. There is a complementary solution: the pulsed laser, which triggers similar effects as particles. Thanks to these two test tools, main DRAM radiation failure modes were studied: SEUs (Single Event Upset) in memory blocks, and SEFIs (Single Event Functional Interrupt) in peripheral circuits. This work demonstrates the influence of test patterns on SEU and SEFI sensitivities depending on technology used. In addition, this study identifies the origin of the most frequent type of SEFIs. Moreover, laser techniques were developed to quantify sensitive surfaces of the different effects. This work led to a new test methodology for industry, in order to optimize test cost and efficiency using both pulsed laser beams and particle accelerators. Finally, a new fault tolerant technique is proposed: based on DRAM cell radiation immunity when discharged, this technique allows to correct all bits of a logic word. (author)

Applicability of LET to single events in microelectronic structures

Science.gov (United States)

Xapsos, Michael A.

1992-12-01

LET is often used as a single parameter to determine the energy deposited in a microelectronic structure by a single event. The accuracy of this assumption is examined for ranges of ion energies and volumes of silicon appropriate for modern microelectronics. It is shown to be accurate only under very restricted conditions. Significant differences arise because (1) LET is related to energy lost by the ion, not energy deposited in the volume; and (2) LET is an average value and does not account for statistical variations in energy deposition. Criteria are suggested for determining when factors other than LET should be considered, and new analytical approaches are presented to account for them. One implication of these results is that improvements can be made in space upset rate predictions by incorporating the new methods into currently used codes such as CREME and CRUP.

Effects of Cabin Upsets on Adsorption Columns for Air Revitalization

Science.gov (United States)

LeVan, Douglas

1999-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) utilizes adsorption technology as part of contaminant removal systems designed for long term missions. A variety of trace contaminants can be effectively removed from gas streams by adsorption onto activated carbon. An activated carbon adsorption column meets NASA's requirements of a lightweight and efficient means of controlling trace contaminant levels aboard spacecraft and space stations. The activated carbon bed is part of the Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) which is utilized to purify the cabin atmosphere. TCCS designs oversize the adsorption columns to account for irregular fluctuations in cabin atmospheric conditions. Variations in the cabin atmosphere include changes in contaminant concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity. Excessively large deviations from typical conditions can result from unusual crew activity, equipment malfunctions, or even fires. The research carried out under this award focussed in detail on the effects of cabin upsets on the performance of activated carbon adsorption columns. Both experiments and modeling were performed with an emphasis on the roll of a change in relative humidity on adsorption of trace contaminants. A flow through fixed-bed apparatus was constructed at the NASA Ames Research Center, and experiments were performed there. Modeling work was performed at the University of Virginia.

A Novel Application of Machine Learning Methods to Model Microcontroller Upset Due to Intentional Electromagnetic Interference

Science.gov (United States)

Bilalic, Rusmir

A novel application of support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Gaussian processes (GPs) for machine learning (GPML) to model microcontroller unit (MCU) upset due to intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) is presented. In this approach, an MCU performs a counting operation (0-7) while electromagnetic interference in the form of a radio frequency (RF) pulse is direct-injected into the MCU clock line. Injection times with respect to the clock signal are the clock low, clock rising edge, clock high, and the clock falling edge periods in the clock window during which the MCU is performing initialization and executing the counting procedure. The intent is to cause disruption in the counting operation and model the probability of effect (PoE) using machine learning tools. Five experiments were executed as part of this research, each of which contained a set of 38,300 training points and 38,300 test points, for a total of 383,000 total points with the following experiment variables: injection times with respect to the clock signal, injected RF power, injected RF pulse width, and injected RF frequency. For the 191,500 training points, the average training error was 12.47%, while for the 191,500 test points the average test error was 14.85%, meaning that on average, the machine was able to predict MCU upset with an 85.15% accuracy. Leaving out the results for the worst-performing model (SVM with a linear kernel), the test prediction accuracy for the remaining machines is almost 89%. All three machine learning methods (ANNs, SVMs, and GPML) showed excellent and consistent results in their ability to model and predict the PoE on an MCU due to IEMI. The GP approach performed best during training with a 7.43% average training error, while the ANN technique was most accurate during the test with a 10.80% error.

A novel back-up control structure to manage nonroutine steam upsets in industrial methanol distillation columns

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udugama, Isuru A.; Zander, Cornina; Mansouri, Seyed Soheil

2017-01-01

Industrial methanol production plants have extensive heat integration to achieve energy efficient operations where steam generated from these heat integration operations are used to provide reboiler duty for methanol distillation columns that purify crude methanol produced into industrial AA grade...... supervisory layer to control the column during these non-routine process upsets. These control schemes were tested against realistic reboiler duty disturbances that can occur in an industrial process. The tests revealed that both the MPC and supervisory systems control structures are able to regulate...... the process, even during sudden drops in reboiler duty. However, the cost of implementation and the relative simplicity will likely favour the implementation of the supervisory control structure in an industrial environment....

Effect of material parameters on stress wave propagation during fast upsetting

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

WANG Zhong-jin; CHENG Li-dong

2008-01-01

Based'on a dynamic analysis method and an explicit algorithm, a dynamic explicit finite element code was developed for modeling the fast upsetting process of block under drop hammer impact, in which the hammer velocity during the deformation was calculated by energy conservation law according to the operating principle of hammer equipment. The stress wave propagation and its effect on the deformation were analyzed by the stress and strain distributions. Industrial pure lead, oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper and 7039 aluminum alloy were chosen to investigate the effect of material parameters on the stress wave propagation. The results show that the stress wave propagates from top to bottom of block, and then reflects back when it reaches the bottom surface. After that, stress wave propagates and reflects repeatedly between the upper surface and bottom surface. The stress wave propagation has a significant effect on the deformation at the initial stage, and then becomes weak at the middle-final stage. When the ratio of elastic modulus or the slope of stress-strain curve to mass density becomes larger, the velocity of stress wave propagation increases, and the influence of stress wave on the deformation becomes small.

Texture evolution in upset-forged P/M and wrought tantalum: Experimentation and modeling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bingert, J.F.; Desch, P.B.; Bingert, S.R.; Maudlin, P.J.; Tome, C.N.

1997-11-01

Preferred orientations in polycrystalline materials can significantly affect their physical and mechanical response through the retention of anisotropic properties inherent to the single crystal. In this study the texture evolution in upset-forged PIM and wrought tantalum was measured as a function of initial texture, compressive strain, and relative position in the pressing. A / duplex fiber texture parallel to the compression axis was generally observed, with varying degrees of a radial component evident in the wrought material. The development of deformation textures derives from restricted crystallographic slip conditions that generate lattice rotations, and these grain reorientations can be modeled as a function of the prescribed deformation gradient. Texture development was simulated for equivalent deformations using both a modified Taylor approach and a viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model. A comparison between the predicted evolution and experimental results shows a good correlation with the texture components, but an overly sharp prediction at large strains from both the Taylor and VPSC models

Porto Alegre e seus patrimônios no século XX: evolução de conceitos, valores e feições na materialidade urbana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeniffer Cuty

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Discute algumas questões referentes à transformação de Porto Alegre no século XX, refletindo posturas diante de suas arquiteturas e seus traçados urbanos, bem como de seus planos e programas de preservação e valorização do patrimônio cultural.

Pulsed laser-induced SEU in integrated circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchner, S.; Kang, K.; Stapor, W.J.; Campbell, A.B.; Knudson, A.R.; McDonald, P.; Rivet, S.

1990-01-01

The authors have used a pulsed picosecond laser to measure the threshold for single event upset (SEU) and single event latchup (SEL) for two different kinds of integrated circuits. The relative thresholds show good agreement with published ion upset data. The consistency of the results together with the advantages of using a laser system suggest that the pulsed laser can be used for SEU/SEL hardness assurance of integrated circuits

Evolution of microstructure and texture in copper during repetitive extrusion-upsetting and subsequent annealing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, Q.; Shu, D. Y.; Lin, J.

2017-01-01

The evolution of the microstructure and texture in copper has been studied during repetitive extrusion-upsetting (REU) to a total von Mises strain of 4.7 and during subsequent annealing at different temperatures. It is found that the texture is significantly altered by each deformation pass...... strain of 4.7 is measured to be ∼0.3μm. This refined microstructure is unstable at room temperature as is evident from the presence of a small number of recrystallized grains in the deformed matrix. Pronounced recrystallization took place during annealing at 200 °C for 1 h with recrystallized grains...... developing predominantly in high misorientation regions. At 350 ºC the microstructure is fully recrystallized with an average grain size of only 2.3 μm and a very weak crystallographic texture. This REU-processed and subsequently annealed material is considered to be potentially suitable for using...

NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Single Event Effects (SEE) Test Guideline Update

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Melanie D.; LaBel, Kenneth A.

2018-01-01

The following are updated or new subjects added to the FPGA SEE Test Guidelines manual: academic versus mission specific device evaluation, single event latch-up (SEL) test and analysis, SEE response visibility enhancement during radiation testing, mitigation evaluation (embedded and user-implemented), unreliable design and its affects to SEE Data, testing flushable architectures versus non-flushable architectures, intellectual property core (IP Core) test and evaluation (addresses embedded and user-inserted), heavy-ion energy and linear energy transfer (LET) selection, proton versus heavy-ion testing, fault injection, mean fluence to failure analysis, and mission specific system-level single event upset (SEU) response prediction. Most sections within the guidelines manual provide information regarding best practices for test structure and test system development. The scope of this manual addresses academic versus mission specific device evaluation and visibility enhancement in IP Core testing.

SEU ground and flight data in static random access memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, J.; Duan, J.L.; Hou, M.D.; Sun, Y.M.; Yao, H.J.; Mo, D.; Zhang, Q.X.; Wang, Z.G.; Jin, Y.F.; Cai, J.R.; Ye, Z.H.; Han, J.W.; Lin, Y.L.; Huang, Z.

2006-01-01

This paper presents the vulnerabilities of single event effects (SEEs) simulated by heavy ions on ground and observed on SJ-5 research satellite in space for static random access memories (SRAMs). A single event upset (SEU) prediction code has been used to estimate the proton-induced upset rates based on the ground test curve of SEU cross-section versus heavy ion linear energy transfer (LET). The result agrees with that of the flight data

Heavy Ion SEU Cross Section Calculation Based on Proton Experimental Data, and Vice Versa

CERN Document Server

Wrobel, F; Pouget, V; Dilillo, L; Ecoffet, R; Lorfèvre, E; Bezerra, F; Brugger, M; Saigné, F

2014-01-01

The aim of this work is to provide a method to calculate single event upset (SEU) cross sections by using experimental data. Valuable tools such as PROFIT and SIMPA already focus on the calculation of the proton cross section by using heavy ions cross-section experiments. However, there is no available tool that calculates heavy ion cross sections based on measured proton cross sections with no knowledge of the technology. We based our approach on the diffusion-collection model with the aim of analyzing the characteristics of transient currents that trigger SEUs. We show that experimental cross sections could be used to characterize the pulses that trigger an SEU. Experimental results allow yet defining an empirical rule to identify the transient current that are responsible for an SEU. Then, the SEU cross section can be calculated for any kind of particle and any energy with no need to know the Spice model of the cell. We applied our method to some technologies (250 nm, 90 nm and 65 nm bulk SRAMs) and we sho...

HADRON CALORIMETER (HCAL)

CERN Multimedia

J. Spalding

2011-01-01

Throughout the entire proton-proton run of 2011, all HCAL calorimeters operated very efficiently. Over 99% of HCAL readout and trigger channels were alive. However, during the year we did face two hardware problems. One major operation problem was the occasional loss of data from a single RBX caused by single event upsets (SEUs). The rate of RBX data loss was on average one incident per 10 pb–1 of integrated luminosity. This led to approximately 1% of CMS data loss. In order to mitigate this problem, HCAL has introduced an automatic reset of the RBX. With this reset, full operation was restored within about one minute. The final hardware correction of the problem will be possible only during a long shutdown (LS1) in 2013-’14. Another hardware problem that developed in 2011 was the failure of QPLL (quartz phase lock loops) chips. This led to the loss of phase of the readout clock with respect to the LHC clock. As a consequence, in two sections in HCAL (10 degree in φ on HB and 1...

SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT MONITORED BY KITSAT-1 AND KITSAT-2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Y. H. Shin

1996-06-01

Full Text Available The results of space radiation experiments carried out on board the first two Korean technology demonstration microsatellites are presented in this paper. The first satellite, KITSAT-1, launched in August 1992, carries a radiation monitoring payload called cosmic ray experiment(CRE for characterizing the low-earth orbit(LEO radiation environment. The CRE consists of two sub-systems: the cosmic particle experiment (CPE and the total dose experiment(TDE. In addition, single event upset(SEUrates of the program memory and the RAM disk are also monitored. The second satellite, KITSAT-2, launched in September 1993, carries a newly developed 32-bit on-board computer(OBC, KASCOM(KAIST satellite computer in addition to OBC186. SEUs ocurred in the KASCOM, as well as in the program memory and RAM disk memory, have been monitored since the beginning of the satellite operation. These two satellites, which are very similar in structures but different in orbits, provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of the radiation environment characterized by the orbit.

Relações entre a resposta de ansiedade de pais e mães e a reposta de ansiedade de seus filhos

OpenAIRE

Nascimento,Célia Regina Rangel

2001-01-01

Este estudo investigou a relação entre as respostas de ansiedade de pais e as respostas de ansiedade de seus filhos, considerando a possibilidade de diferenças de gênero e faixa etária dos filhos nesta relação. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças e 49 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, alunos de escolas estaduais de Porto Alegre, e seus pais e mães. Para avaliar a ansiedade das crianças, foi aplicado o Inventário de Ansiedade-traço-Estado para Crianças (IDATE-C). Nos adolescentes, nos pais e ...

A topografia da dark web e seus não lugares : por um estudo das dobras invisíveis do ciberespaço

OpenAIRE

Richele Grenge Vignoli

2014-01-01

Existe no ciberespaço uma web escura e escondida denominada Dark Web. Nesse viés, esta pesquisa objetivou topografar a Dark Web e seus não lugares no Ciberespaço e como objetivos específicos: reunir brevemente as dobras visíveis do ciberespaço; caracterizar as dobras invisíveis do ciberespaço; investigar as especificidades da Dark Web em relação à definição, localização, acesso, conteúdo e mecanismos de busca; contextualizar os seus não lugares de acordo com os preceitos de Augé (2012) e Baum...

Tendência das taxas de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes em Guarulhos-SP, no período de 1996 a 2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Hideki Bando

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: analisar as tendências das taxas de mortalidade infantil (TMI e seus componentes em Guarulhos-SP, no período 1996-2011. MÉTODOS: regressão linear segmentada, para estimar as variações percentuais anuais (VPA. RESULTADOS: em 1996, a TMI e de seus componentes neonatal precoce, neonatal tardio e pós-neonatal foram, respectivamente, de 31,6, 16,7, 3,4 e 11,6 por 1000 nascidos vivos; em 2011, essas taxas foram de 12,6, 5,9, 1,6 e 5,1 respectivamente; houve diminuição significativa das TMI em todo o período; de 1996 a 2002, a VPA foi de -9,9, e de 2002 a 2011, foi de -3,7; o componente neonatal apresentou igual padrão; o componente neonatal precoce apresentou diminuição de 1996 a 2002 (VPA: -12,8, permanecendo estável até 2011; verificou-se diminuição do componente neonatal tardio de 1996 a 2009 (VPA: -2,8; o componente pós-neonatal apresentou redução em todo o período (VPA: -5,7. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se tendência de diminuição das TMI e de seus componentes.

Applications Of Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Simulation Techniques For Predicting Single Event Effects In Microelectronics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Warren, Kevin; Reed, Robert; Weller, Robert; Mendenhall, Marcus; Sierawski, Brian; Schrimpf, Ronald

2011-01-01

MRED (Monte Carlo Radiative Energy Deposition) is Vanderbilt University's Geant4 application for simulating radiation events in semiconductors. Geant4 is comprised of the best available computational physics models for the transport of radiation through matter. In addition to basic radiation transport physics contained in the Geant4 core, MRED has the capability to track energy loss in tetrahedral geometric objects, includes a cross section biasing and track weighting technique for variance reduction, and additional features relevant to semiconductor device applications. The crucial element of predicting Single Event Upset (SEU) parameters using radiation transport software is the creation of a dosimetry model that accurately approximates the net collected charge at transistor contacts as a function of deposited energy. The dosimetry technique described here is the multiple sensitive volume (MSV) model. It is shown to be a reasonable approximation of the charge collection process and its parameters can be calibrated to experimental measurements of SEU cross sections. The MSV model, within the framework of MRED, is examined for heavy ion and high-energy proton SEU measurements of a static random access memory.

Experiment in Onboard Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Processing

Science.gov (United States)

Holland, Matthew

2011-01-01

Single event upsets (SEUs) are a threat to any computing system running on hardware that has not been physically radiation hardened. In addition to mandating the use of performance-limited, hardened heritage equipment, prior techniques for dealing with the SEU problem often involved hardware-based error detection and correction (EDAC). With limited computing resources, software- based EDAC, or any more elaborate recovery methods, were often not feasible. Synthetic aperture radars (SARs), when operated in the space environment, are interesting due to their relevance to NASAs objectives, but problematic in the sense of producing prodigious amounts of raw data. Prior implementations of the SAR data processing algorithm have been too slow, too computationally intensive, and require too much application memory for onboard execution to be a realistic option when using the type of heritage processing technology described above. This standard C-language implementation of SAR data processing is distributed over many cores of a Tilera Multicore Processor, and employs novel Radiation Hardening by Software (RHBS) techniques designed to protect the component processes (one per core) and their shared application memory from the sort of SEUs expected in the space environment. The source code includes calls to Tilera APIs, and a specialized Tilera compiler is required to produce a Tilera executable. The compiled application reads input data describing the position and orientation of a radar platform, as well as its radar-burst data, over time and writes out processed data in a form that is useful for analysis of the radar observations.

An advanced SEU tolerant latch based on error detection

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Hui; Zhu, Jianwei; Lu, Xiaoping; Li, Jingzhao

2018-05-01

This paper proposes a latch that can mitigate SEUs via an error detection circuit. The error detection circuit is hardened by a C-element and a stacked PMOS. In the hold state, a particle strikes the latch or the error detection circuit may cause a fault logic state of the circuit. The error detection circuit can detect the upset node in the latch and the fault output will be corrected. The upset node in the error detection circuit can be corrected by the C-element. The power dissipation and propagation delay of the proposed latch are analyzed by HSPICE simulations. The proposed latch consumes about 77.5% less energy and 33.1% less propagation delay than the triple modular redundancy (TMR) latch. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed latch can mitigate SEU effectively. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61404001, 61306046), the Anhui Province University Natural Science Research Major Project (No. KJ2014ZD12), the Huainan Science and Technology Program (No. 2013A4011), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61371025).

Empresas familiares: desfilando seus processos sucessórios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Félix João Rossato Neto

Full Text Available O Mercado Público configura-se como uma instituição centenária que através da tradição vem mantendo uma posição diferenciada em relação aos demais centros de compra do gênero na capital gaúcha. A presente pesquisa busca identificar os aspectos que levam os filhos dos donos das lojas a darem continuidade ou não aos negócios de seus pais. O método etnográfico permitiu a vivência daquele cotidiano. Os resultados mostram que a primeira geração de empresários, descendentes de italianos, oriundos da zona rural do interior do Estado, estabeleceu uma rede. Aos homens, jovens, que optarem por não estudar, cabe-lhes o "castigo" de começar desde tenra idade a sua socialização no ambiente onde os pais exercem suas atividades visando a sucessão. A filha mulher deve, preferencialmente, manter-se afastada do Mercado Público por ser esse um espaço predominantemente masculino Os atritos entre pais e filhos encontram ressonância nas diferenças geracionais decorrentes da ênfase ao "novo" dada pelos segundos e no apego ao "velho" defendido pelos primeiros.

Optimization of resistively hardened latches

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gagne, G.; Savaria, Y.

1990-01-01

The design of digital circuits tolerant to single-event upsets is considered. The results of a study are presented on which an analytical model was used to predict the behavior of a standard resistively hardened latch. It is shown that a worst case analysis for all possible single-event upset situations (on the latch or in the logic) can be derived from studying the effects of a transient disturbed write cycle. The existence of an intrinsic minimum write period to tolerate a transient of a given duration is also demonstrated

Chrysler Upset Protrusion Joining Techniques for Joining Dissimilar Metals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Logan, Stephen [FCA US LLC, Auburn Hills, MI (United States)

2017-09-28

The project goal was to develop and demonstrate a robust, cost effective, and versatile joining technique, known as Upset Protrusion Joining (UPJ), for joining challenging dissimilar metal com-binations, especially those where one of the metals is a die cast magnesium (Mg) component. Since two of the key obstacles preventing more widespread use of light metals (especially in high volume automotive applications) are 1) a lack of robust joining techniques and 2) susceptibility to galvanic corrosion, and since the majority of the joint combinations evaluated in this project include die cast Mg (the lightest structural metal) as one of the two materials being joined, and since die casting is the most common and cost effective process for producing Mg components, then successful project completion provides a key enabler to high volume application of lightweight materials, thus potentially leading to reduced costs, and encouraging implementation of lightweight multi-material vehicles for significant reductions in energy consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Eco-nomic benefits to end-use consumers are achieved primarily via the reduction in fuel consumption. Unlike currently available commercial processes, the UPJ process relies on a very robust mechanical joint rather than intermetallic bonding, so the more cathodic material can be coated prior to joining, thus creating a robust isolation against galvanic attack on the more anodic material. Additionally, since the UPJ protrusion is going through a hole that can be pre-drilled or pre-punched prior to coating, the UPJ process is less likely to damage the coating when the joint is being made. Further-more, since there is no additional cathodic material (such as a steel fastener) used to create the joint, there is no joining induced galvanic activity beyond that of the two parent materials. In accordance with its originally proposed plan, this project has successfully developed process variants of UPJ to enable

Múltiplos e seus determinantes: um estudo para o mercado de ações brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Arruda Filho, Rubens Paes de

2015-01-01

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre três múltiplos específicos (Preço/Lucro, Preço/Valor Patrimonial e Preço/Vendas) e seus determinantes (crescimento, payout ratio, risco, ROE e margem líquida), de acordo com a teoria apresentada por Aswath Damodaran. Para verificar essas relações, foram utilizadas duas metodologias econométricas distintas: A Regressão Linear Múltipla e o Modelo de Dados em Painel. Os dados coletados são referentes às empresas listadas no índice de açõ...

#JeSuisCharlie: Towards a Multi-Method Study of Hybrid Media Events

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johanna Sumiala

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This article suggests a new methodological model for the study of hybrid media events with global appeal. This model, developed in the project on the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris, was created specifically for researching digital media—and in particular, Twitter. The article is structured as follows. Firstly, the methodological scope is discussed against the theoretical context, e.g. the theory of media events. In the theoretical discussion, special emphasis is given to i disruptive, upsetting, or disintegrative media events and hybrid media events and ii the conditions of today’s heterogeneous and globalised media communication landscape. Secondly, the article introduces a multi-method approach developed for the analysis of hybrid media events. In this model, computational social science—namely, automated content analysis (ACA and social network analytics (SNA—are combined with a qualitative approach—specifically, digital ethnography. The article outlines three key phases for research in which the interplay between quantitative and qualitative approaches is played out. In the first phase, preliminary digital ethnography is applied to provide the outline of the event. In the second phase, quantitative social network analytics are applied to construct the digital field for research. In this phase, it is necessary to map a what is circulating on the websites and b where this circulation takes place. The third and final phase applies a qualitative approach and digital ethnography to provide a more nuanced, in-depth interpretation of what (substance/content is circulating and how this material connects with the ‘where’ in the digital landscape, hence constituting links and connections in the hybrid media landscape. In conclusion, the article reflects on how this multi-method approach contributes to understanding the workings of today’s hybrid media events: how they create and maintain symbolic battles over certain imagined

Densification of sintered molybdenum during hot upsetting: experiments and modelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parteder, E.; Kopp, R.

1999-01-01

The densification behaviour of sintered molybdenum is investigated experimentally and by modelling using a pressure dependent plasticity model. Therefore the yield condition of Gurson, extended by Tvergaard is used. The uniaxial compression test is applied to determine the evolution of the density as well as the stress-strain curves for the porous metal. Powder metallurgical molybdenum exhibits closed porosity after consolidation due to sintering with nearly spherical shaped pores. The experimental results show that the densification, especially during the first stage of deformation, is different from that of powder compacts or partially consolidated powder materials with open porosity. During hot upsetting, the pores change their size and shape. This behaviour strongly affects the densification rate. For an accurate prediction of the evolution of the density using Gurson's model, the parameters q 1 and q 2 introduced by Tvergaard, will be defined as internal variables. The use of internal variables is justified by the fact that the pores change their shape during deformation, although the link between the internal variables and the pore shape is not explicitly established in this paper. If the loading is proportional (which means that the ratio of the stress-components does not change with plastic strain), the pore shape can be associated with the applied plastic strain. With this association the parameters q i can be defined as a function from the invariant quantity equivalent plastic strain, which can be used as the internal variable in the finite element simulation. The influence of the porosity on the flow stress at different levels of plastic strain will also be investigated and is used as a second information to fit both parameters q 1 and q 2 . (orig.)

MUON DETECTORS: CSC

CERN Multimedia

J. Hauser

2012-01-01

  The CSC muon system has run well and very stably during the 2012 run. Problems with the delivery of low voltage to 10–15% of the ME1/1 chambers were mitigated in the trigger by triggering modes that make use of coincidences between stations 2, 3, and 4. Attention now focuses on the ambitious upgrade program in LS1. Simulation and reconstruction code has been prepared for the post-LS1 era, for which the CSC system will have a full set of 72 ME4/2 chambers installed, and the 3:1 ganging of strips in the inner section of ME1/1 (pseudorapidity 2.1–2.4) will be replaced by flash digitisation of each strip. Several improvements were made to the CSC system during the course of the year. Zero-suppression of the anode readout reduced 15% from the CSC data volume. The response to single-event upsets (SEUs) that cause downstream FED readout problems was improved in two ways: first, the FED monitoring software now detects FEDs that are stuck in a warning state and resets within about 4 ...

The development of symptoms-oriented operating procedures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colquhoun, R.

1983-04-01

Until recently the formal treatment of control room procedures for nuclear power plant upset conditions has been event-oriented. The demise of Three Mile Island, Unit 2, caused the American industry to recognize the pitfalls inherent in relying totally on event-oriented procedures, and led to the initiation of a program for the development of a symptoms-oriented approach for handling upset conditions. The U.S. program has been independently paralleled by a Canadian program. This paper describes the development of the Canadian symptoms-oriented philosophy and identifies the relevance of a generic symptoms based emergency procedure to current operating practices

Mitigating bit flips or single event upsets in epilepsy neurostimulators

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alice X. Dong

2016-01-01

Conclusions: Cosmic radiation can threaten RAM and settings of neurostimulators; neuromodulation teams and device designers need to take this threat into account when designing multifunctional neuromodulation systems.

POLIFENÓIS NO VINHO: RESVERATROL E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS

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Pâmela Padovani Martins

2016-12-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa foi direcionada para abordar as características peculiares do vinho, visando esclarecer os seus benefícios, considerando alguns ativos presentes sua composição. O objetivo foi elucidar o quê, como e o porquê as substâncias contidas no vinho (em especial, o resveratrol beneficiam o organismo humano, por meio de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo utilizando-se como fontes de informação técnico-científica: bases eletrônicas de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO, National Institutes of Health (PubMed e MedLine, Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME, além de fontes secundárias, no período de 1994 a 2015, que teve como foco de busca os estudos com evidência científica realizados com modelos animais e, também, em humanos, principalmente, quanto aos efeitos do resveratrol. A pesquisa evidenciou a capacidade do resveratrol em evitar a arteriosclerose, as doenças inflamatórias e alérgicas, os problemas cardíacos, entre outros agravos à saúde. Dentre as substâncias encontradas no vinho, o resveratrol destaca-se por suas propriedades terapêuticas benéficas.

BEVILAQUA, Ciméa Barbato. 2008. Consumidores e seus direitos: um estudo sobre conflitos no mer

OpenAIRE

Rego, André Gondim do

2017-01-01

Em “Consumidores e seus direitos: um estudo sobre conflitos no mercado de consumo”, Ciméa Barbato Bevilaqua nos oferece uma exitosa etnografia. Fruto de sua tese de doutorado, defendida em 2002 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade de São Paulo, o livro procura demonstrar que a representação feita das transações no mercado de consumo como efêmeras e livres de implicações morais está longe de dar conta das experiências vividas neste mercado, especialmente quando t...

O Brasil no horizonte dos megaeventos esportivos de 2014 e 2016: sua cara, seus sócios e seus negócios

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Arlei Sander Damo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objeto os significados da realização, no Brasil, da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e das Olimpíadas de 2016. Dada a extensão desses megaeventos, seus significados são diversificados e controversos. Como não é possível dar conta de todas as possibilidades analíticas que eles nos oferecem, foca-mos nosso olhar em dois aspectos principais. Um deles trata das representações de brasilidade atualizadas por ocasião dos cerimoniais oficiais, e o fato tomado como referência é o anúncio do Rio de Janeiro como sede das Olimpíadas de 2016. O outro aspecto é mais difuso e fragmentado, atinente às controvérsias em torno dos usos de recursos públicos empenhados pelo Estado na organização da Copa de 2014. Nesse caso nos valemos de fontes diversas, incluindo-se narrativas oficiais, relatórios de gastos, postagens jornalísticas, entre outras. Nosso objetivo não é promover uma síntese acerca do significado dos megaeventos para os brasileiros, mas mostrar como o país vive um momento singular, de enunciação, justificação e tensionamento da própria identidade nacional e do Estado.

Development of symptoms-oriented operating procedures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colquhoun, R.

1984-01-01

Until recently, the formal treatment of control room procedures for upset conditions in nuclear power plants has been event-oriented. This orientation was not so much a reflection of power plant operating practice as it was a reflection of design-oriented thinking - design-basis events, therefore event-oriented procedures. Event orientation is not common in other professions. In the medical profession, for example, the stabilization of vital functions through a symptoms-oriented approach has priority over diagnosis and prognosis. The American nuclear power industry has initiated programs for the development and application of a symptoms-oriented approach for handling upset conditions. Canadian programs have independently paralleled the US programs. This article describes the rationale and current applications of the Canadian programs and identifies the relevance of a generic symptoms-based emergency procedure to current operating practices

Using Pipelined XNOR Logic to Reduce SEU Risks in State Machines

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Martin; Zheng, Xin; Katanyoutant, Sunant

2008-01-01

Single-event upsets (SEUs) pose great threats to avionic systems state machine control logic, which are frequently used to control sequence of events and to qualify protocols. The risks of SEUs manifest in two ways: (a) the state machine s state information is changed, causing the state machine to unexpectedly transition to another state; (b) due to the asynchronous nature of SEU, the state machine's state registers become metastable, consequently causing any combinational logic associated with the metastable registers to malfunction temporarily. Effect (a) can be mitigated with methods such as triplemodular redundancy (TMR). However, effect (b) cannot be eliminated and can degrade the effectiveness of any mitigation method of effect (a). Although there is no way to completely eliminate the risk of SEU-induced errors, the risk can be made very small by use of a combination of very fast state-machine logic and error-detection logic. Therefore, one goal of two main elements of the present method is to design the fastest state-machine logic circuitry by basing it on the fastest generic state-machine design, which is that of a one-hot state machine. The other of the two main design elements is to design fast error-detection logic circuitry and to optimize it for implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture: In the resulting design, the one-hot state machine is fitted with a multiple-input XNOR gate for detection of illegal states. The XNOR gate is implemented with lookup tables and with pipelines for high speed. In this method, the task of designing all the logic must be performed manually because no currently available logic synthesis software tool can produce optimal solutions of design problems of this type. However, some assistance is provided by a script, written for this purpose in the Python language (an object-oriented interpretive computer language) to automatically generate hardware description language (HDL) code from state

Identification of passive shutdown system parameters in a metal fueled LMR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilim, R.B.

1992-01-01

This document discusses periodic testing of the passive shutdown system in a metal fueled liquid metal reactor which has been proposed as a Technical Specification requirement. In the approach to testing considered in this paper, perturbation experiments performed at normal operation are used to predict an envelope that bounds reactor response to flowrate, inlet temperature and external reactivity forcing functions. When the envelope for specific upsets lies within safety limits, one concludes that the passive shutdown system is operation properly for those upsets. Simulation results for the EBR-II reactor show that the response envelope for loss of flow and rod reactivity insertion events does indeed bound these events

Experimental study on reactor neutron induced effect of deep sub-micron CMOS static random access memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Shanchao; Guo Xiaoqiang; Lin Dongsheng; Chen Wei; Li Ruibin; Bai Xiaoyan; Wang Guizhen

2010-01-01

This paper investigates neutron irradiation effects of two kinds of commercial CMOS SRAM (static random access memory), of which one is 4M memory with the feature size of 0.25 μm and the other is 16M memory with the feature size of 0.13 μm. We designed a memory testing system of irradiation effects and performed the neutron irradiation experiment using the Xi'an Pulse Reactor. The upset of two kinds of memory cells did not present a threshold versus the increase of neutron fluence. The results showed that deep sub-micron SRAM behaved single-event upset (SEU) effect in neutron irradiation environment. The SEU effect of SRAM with smaller size and higher integrated level tends to upset is considered to be related to the reduction of the device feature size, and fewer charges for upsets of the memory cell also lead to the SEU effect. (authors)

Measuring the upset of CMOS and TTL due to HPM-signals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. Esser

2004-01-01

Full Text Available To measure the performance of electronic components when stressed by High Power Microwave signals a setup was designed and tested which allows a well-defined voltage signal to enter the component during normal operation, and to discriminate its effect on the component. The microwave signal is fed to the outside conductor of a coaxial cable and couples into the inner signal line connected to the device under test (DUT. The disturbing HF-signal is transferred almost independent from frequency to maintain the pulse shape in the time domain. The configuration designed to perform a TEM-coupling within a 50 Ohm system prevents the secondary system from feeding back to the primary system and, due to the geometrical parameters chosen, the coupling efficiency is as high as 50–90%. Linear dimensions and terminations applied allow for pulses up to a width of 12ns and up to a voltage level of 4–5 kV on the outside conductor. These pulse parameters proved to be sufficient to upset the DUTs tested so far. In more than 400 measurements a rectangular pulse of increasing voltage level was applied to different types of CMOS and TTL until the individual DUT was damaged. As well the pulse width (3, 6 or 12 ns and its polarity were varied in single-shot or repetitive-shot experiments (500 shots per voltage at a repetition rate of 3 Hz. The state of the DUT was continuously monitored by measuring both the current of the DUT circuit and that of the oscillator providing the operating signal for the DUT. The results show a very good reproducibility within a set of identical samples, remarkable differences between manufacturers and lower thresholds for repetitive testing, which indicates a memory effect of the DUT to exist for voltage levels significantly below the single-shot threshold.

Enxertia do meloeiro rendilhado e seus feitos sobre a produção em ambiente protegido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucas Aparecido Gaion

2017-09-01

Full Text Available O emprego da enxertia pode induzir maior vigor nas plantas, maior produtividade e resistência a patógenos de solo. No entanto, para aplicação de seus benefícios é necessário o estabelecimento do estádio ideal para sua realização e da combinação porta-enxerto e enxerto mais adequada, ou seja, conhecer a relação de compatibilidade e incompatibilidade entre os mesmos. Diante do exposto o objetivo deste trabalho a utilização de diferentes genótipos de cucurbitáceas como porta-enxertos para o meloeiro rendilhado ‘Fantasy’ e seus efeitos sobre a produção do meloeiro. Para tanto, empregou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 33 tratamentos, constituídos pelos diferentes genótipos de cucurbitáceas utilizados como porta-enxertos, auto-enxertia e testemunha sem enxertia e quatro repetições para estudo de compatibilidade. Empregou-se a técnica de enxertia por fenda-cheia e as plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se características como, porcentagem de sobrevivência das plantas, diâmetro do caule, abaixo, na região e acima da região de enxertia, além de variáveis qualitativas, como, teor de sólidos solúveis, e rendilhamento e quantitativas, como massa média dos frutos e espessura de polpa. O porta-enxerto pepino ‘Caipira’ proporcionou os maiores valores de produtividade.

Os caminhos do sistema de moda: os diálogos com a arte e seus disfarces

OpenAIRE

Patrícia Helena Soares Fonseca Rossi de Resende

2014-01-01

Aborda a evolução do sistema de moda e sua relação com a arte. Analisa o surgimento das primeiras lojas de departamentos a partir da implementação das exposições universais e como ambas fundaram a estrutura do sistema de moda moderno. Demonstra como os estilistas Charles Fréderic Worth e Paul Poiret moldaram suas imagens de grandes criadores a partir da relação com a arte e seus atores, e argumenta como essas relações foram utilizadas para dotar seu trabalho comercial da distinção e status do...

Radiation-hardened MRAM-based LUT for non-volatile FPGA soft error mitigation with multi-node upset tolerance

Science.gov (United States)

Zand, Ramtin; DeMara, Ronald F.

2017-12-01

In this paper, we have developed a radiation-hardened non-volatile lookup table (LUT) circuit utilizing spin Hall effect (SHE)-magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices. The design is motivated by modeling the effect of radiation particles striking hybrid complementary metal oxide semiconductor/spin based circuits, and the resistive behavior of SHE-MRAM devices via established and precise physics equations. The models developed are leveraged in the SPICE circuit simulator to verify the functionality of the proposed design. The proposed hardening technique is based on using feedback transistors, as well as increasing the radiation capacity of the sensitive nodes. Simulation results show that our proposed LUT circuit can achieve multiple node upset (MNU) tolerance with more than 38% and 60% power-delay product improvement as well as 26% and 50% reduction in device count compared to the previous energy-efficient radiation-hardened LUT designs. Finally, we have performed a process variation analysis showing that the MNU immunity of our proposed circuit is realized at the cost of increased susceptibility to transistor and MRAM variations compared to an unprotected LUT design.

Multiple cell upset cross-section modeling: A possible interpretation for the role of the ion energy-loss straggling and Auger recombination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zebrev, G.I., E-mail: gizebrev@mephi.ru; Zemtsov, K.S.

2016-08-11

We found that the energy deposition fluctuations in the sensitive volumes may cause the multiple cell upset (MCU) multiplicity scatter in the nanoscale (with feature sizes less than 100 nm) memories. A microdosimetric model of the MCU cross-section dependence on LET is proposed. It was shown that ideally a staircase-shaped cross-section vs LET curve spreads due to the energy-loss straggling impact into a quasi-linear dependence with a slope depending on the memory cell area, the cell critical energy and efficiency of charge collection. This paper also presents a new model of the Auger recombination as a limiting process of the electron–hole charge yield, especially at the high-LET ion impact. A modified form of the MCU cross-section vs LET data interpolation is proposed, discussed and validated.

Multiple cell upset cross-section modeling: A possible interpretation for the role of the ion energy-loss straggling and Auger recombination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zebrev, G.I.; Zemtsov, K.S.

2016-01-01

We found that the energy deposition fluctuations in the sensitive volumes may cause the multiple cell upset (MCU) multiplicity scatter in the nanoscale (with feature sizes less than 100 nm) memories. A microdosimetric model of the MCU cross-section dependence on LET is proposed. It was shown that ideally a staircase-shaped cross-section vs LET curve spreads due to the energy-loss straggling impact into a quasi-linear dependence with a slope depending on the memory cell area, the cell critical energy and efficiency of charge collection. This paper also presents a new model of the Auger recombination as a limiting process of the electron–hole charge yield, especially at the high-LET ion impact. A modified form of the MCU cross-section vs LET data interpolation is proposed, discussed and validated.

O estigma da violência sofrida por mulheres na relação com seus parceiros íntimos The stigma of violency suffered by women in their intimate relationship with partners

OpenAIRE

Virginia Moreira; Georges Daniel Janja Bloc Boris; Nadja Venâncio

2011-01-01

Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa sobre o estigma da violência sofrida pelas mulheres na relação com seus parceiros íntimos. Focaliza a compreensão de quais fatores determinantes na relação agressivo-abusiva concorrem para que as mulheres sintam tanta dificuldade de denunciar seus agressores. Fizemos uso do método fenomenológico crítico mundano e, como instrumento, usamos entrevistas áudio-gravadas. Os resultados mostram que essas mulheres suportam várias modalidades de violência na relação c...

Qualidade de vida de sujeitos com doença de Parkinson e seus cuidadores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadiesca Taisa Filippin

Full Text Available Introdução A doença de Parkinson (DP interfere na autonomia e independência do sujeito, afetando sua qualidade de vida (QV. Cuidadores podem ter sua QV comprometida, em função das dificuldades com o cuidado. Objetivo Avaliar e comparar a QV de sujeitos com DP e seus cuidadores e correlacionar a qualidade de vida com as características dos sujeitos. Material e métodos Foram avaliados 10 sujeitos com DP, com idade média de 65,4 anos, e 8 cuidadores, com idade média de 60,6 anos, de ambos os gêneros. Os instrumentos utilizados foram ficha de avaliação, Questionário PDQ-39, Questionário SF-36, UPDRS e Escala de Hoehn e Yahr modificada. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, utilizando nível de significância de α igual a 5%. Resultados A percepção geral sobre a QV foi moderadamente boa tanto para os sujeitos com DP quanto para cuidadores. No entanto, aspectos motores e emocionais influenciam negativamente a QV dos sujeitos com DP. Do contrário, aspectos sociais, mentais e demográficos parecem não exercer influência significativa. Para os cuidadores, fatores emocionais, sociais e físicos, além de características pessoais, estão relacionados com pior percepção sobre sua QV. As características dos sujeitos com DP e aquelas relacionadas ao cuidado não apresentaram correlação significativa com a QV dos cuidadores. Considerações finais Conhecer os principais fatores que interferem na QV ajuda a direcionar estratégias de prevenção, orientação, suporte e tratamento de pessoas com DP e seus cuidadores. A atenção deve ser integral, voltada para um conjunto de aspectos.

Preparation and Properties of Anisotropic Nano-crystalline NdFeB Powders Made by Hydrogen Decrepitation of Die Upsetting Magnets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yi, P P; Lee, D; Yan, A R, E-mail: ypp@nimte.ac.cn [Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)

2011-01-01

Anisotropic nanocrystalline NdFeB powders were prepared by hydrogen decrepitation (HD) of die upsetting magnets. The effects of varying temperatures of HD on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the anisotropic NdFeB particles were studied. It shows that the powders which obtained by HD process at higher temperature were larger than that at lower temperature, and the HD powders show a well anisotropy at 723 K, the remanence (B{sub r}) was more than 12.46 kG, the maximum energy product ((BH){sub max}) was 19.06 MGOe, and the coercivity (H{sub cj}) was 7.2 kOe. The microstructure of the anisotropic powders revealed that with a reasonable HD temperature, the platelet grains were not destroyed. They were nearly 150-300 nm long and 30-50 nm wide. The results indicate that HD process was an effective way to prepare the anisotropic NdFeB powders.

Especiação e seus mecanismos: histórico conceitual e avanços recentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Colley

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Apresenta uma abordagem histórica sobre conceitos gerais de especiação e seus mecanismos, a partir das ideias primordiais até as teorias mais recentes que visam elucidar a origem da biodiversidade. Sabe-se que especiação é um tema polêmico e complexo que abrange praticamente todas as linhas de pesquisa dentro da biologia, além da geologia e da paleontologia. O objetivo principal do artigo é clarificar os conceitos teóricos sobre a origem das espécies animais, na ordem cronológica em que foram estabelecidos, ao longo do desenvolvimento da biologia evolutiva como ciência.

O Mar da Galileia e seus contextos de simbolismos

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Elsbeth Léia Spode Becker

2017-10-01

Full Text Available O artigo descreve o Mar da Galileia e seu entorno no contexto bíblico. Após uma breve apresentação geográfica da região, buscou-se traçar os rumos da história, enfocando, especialmente, o contexto do Cristianismo, evidenciando o ambiente natural dos apóstolos que Jesus convidou para pescar homens e almas. A metodologia está embasada no estado da arte e na perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa que relaciona a história e a geografia como interação com a experiência no sagrado e a atividade do turismo. Concluiu-se que a história antiga no Mar da Galileia e seu entorno é uma terra de contrastes de religiões e de culturas onde os peregrinos e, também, os turistas buscam a experiência de fé que é visível na geografia e nas ruínas das antigas cidades de Carnafaum, Tiberíades, Magdala, Corazim e Betsaida. O sagrado e o profano coexistem, porém torna-se difícil distinguir os seus limites. O sagrado está nos símbolos que são abrigados pelas igrejas construídas no local para a realização dos ritos de fé. O espaço profano é o entorno, o espaço destinado ao comércio e ao lazer.

Architectures/Algorithms/Tools for Ultra-Low Power, Compact EVA Digital Radio, Phase I

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The EVA digital radio imposes tight constraints on power consumption, latency, throughput, form factor, reconfigurability, single event upset and fault tolerance,...

A educação em Cuba: seus fundamentos e desafios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margarita Quintero López

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata da importância da educação para qualquer nação, e para Cuba em particular, com seus fundamentos políticos, pedagógicos e sociológicos, e mostra seu comportamento nos últimos 50 anos. Para isso, são expostos os princípios que sustentam a política educativa do Estado cubano, que dão base ao Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE, como instrumento para levar adiante a obra educativa do país. Oferece, também, uma caracterização de cada um dos subsistemas que o integram para garantir o cumprimento dos objetivos principais da educação: formar as novas gerações e todo o povo na concepção científica do mundo; desenvolver em toda sua plenitude as capacidades intelectuais, físicas e espirituais; fomentar elevados sentimentos e gostos estéticos; e converter os princípios ideológicos, políticos e morais comunistas em convicções pessoais e hábitos de conduta diária, com a participação da escola, da família e de toda a sociedade. O artigo apresenta, também, as transformações que atualmente se levam adiante no Ministério da Educação com a participação de seus diretores, docentes, estudantes e demais agentes sociais, para continuar trabalhando na elevação da qualidade de seus resultados.Se argumenta la importancia de la educación para cualquier nación y para Cuba en particular, con sus fundamentos políticos, pedagógicos y sociológicos y se muestra su comportamiento en los últimos 50 años. Se exponen los principios que sustentan la política educacional del Estado cubano, que dan base al Sistema Nacional de Educación (SNE, como instrumento para llevar adelante la obra educacional del país. Se ofrece una caracterización de cada uno de los subsistemas que lo integran para garantizar el cumplimiento del objetivo principal de la educación: formar a las nuevas generaciones y a todo el pueblo en la concepción científica del mundo, desarrollar en toda su plenitud las capacidades intelectuales, f

O sofrimento e seus destinos na gestão do trabalho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brant Luiz Carlos

2005-01-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo, buscamos definir o sofrimento a partir da perspectiva freudiana e circunscrever os seus destinos, quando manifestado no trabalho. Foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com trabalhadores, gestores e profissionais da saúde de uma empresa pública de grande porte, do setor de serviços, em processo de reestruturação, na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, bem como com familiares dos trabalhadores. Para a análise dos relatos, recorremos ao método hermenêutico-dialético. Constatamos a existência, na gestão do trabalho, de um processo de transformação do sofrimento em adoecimento. A somatização, psiquiatrização, medicalização, licença médica, internação hospitalar e a aposentadoria por invalidez figuraram como alguns dos destinos do sofrimento nesse processo. Partindo do pressuposto de que o sofrimento é uma reação do sujeito diante da diversidade da vida, transformá-lo em adoecimento parece constituir, portanto, uma estratégia de quebra da resistência na gestão do trabalho.

Hardened Flip-Flop Optimized for Subthreshold Operation Heavy Ion Characterization of a Radiation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eric Bozeman

2012-05-01

Full Text Available A novel Single Event Upset (SEU tolerant flip-flop design is proposed, which is well suited for very-low power electronics that operate in subthreshold ( < Vt ≈ 500 mV. The proposed flip-flop along with a traditional (unprotected flip-flop, a Sense-Amplifier-based Rad-hard Flip-Flop (RSAFF and a Dual Interlocked storage Cell (DICE flip-flop were all fabricated in MIT Lincoln Lab’s XLP 0.15 μm fully-depleted SOI CMOS technology—a process optimized for subthreshold operation. At the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University, all four cells were subjected to heavy ion characterization in which the circuits were dynamically updated with alternating data and then checked for SEUs at both subthreshold (450 mV and superthreshold (1.5 V levels. The proposed flip-flop never failed, while the traditional and DICE designs did demonstrate faulty behavior. Simulations were conducted with the XLP process and the proposed flip-flop provided an improved energy delay product relative to the other non-faulty rad-hard flip-flop at subthreshold voltage operation. According to the XLP models operating in subthreshold at 250 mV, performance was improved by 31% and energy consumption was reduced by 27%.

In-Flight Observations of Long-Term Single Event Effect(SEE)Performance on Orbview-2 and Xray Timing Explorer(XTE)Solid State Recorders (SSR)

Science.gov (United States)

Poivey, Christian; Barth, Janet L.; LaBel, Ken A.; Gee, George; Safren, Harvey

2003-01-01

This paper presents Single Event Effect (SEE) in-flight data on Solid State Recorders (SSR) that have been collected over a long period of time for two NASA spacecraft: Orbview-2 and XTE. SEE flight data on solid-state memories give an opportunity to study the behavior in space of SEE sensitive commercial devices. The actual Single Event Upset (SEU) rates can be compared with the calculated rates based on environment models and ground test data. The SEE mitigation schemes can also be evaluated in actual implementation. A significant amount of data has already been published concerning observed SEE effects on memories in space. However, most of the data presented cover either a short period of time or a small number of devices. The data presented here has been collected on a large number of devices during several years. This allows statistically significant information about the effect of space weather fluctuations on SEU rates, and the effectiveness of SEE countermeasures used to be analyzed. Only Orbview-2 data is presented in this summary. XTE data will be included in the final paper.

Confiança e desenvolvimento de capital intelectual: o que os empregados esperam de seus líderes?

OpenAIRE

Teixeira, Maria Luísa Mendes; Popadiuk, Silvio

2003-01-01

A literatura tem demonstrado a importância da confiança na construção do capital intelectual. Este estudo pretende trazer uma perspectiva de gerenciamento interdependente da confiança, ao identificar e discutir o papel das expectativas dos empregados quanto ao comportamento dos seus líderes em relações de confiança. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como descritiva. Os dados foram coletados mediante questionário fechado, ao qual foi acoplada uma escala do tipo Likert de seis pontos, e tratados com e...

When a Patient Commits Suicide.

Science.gov (United States)

Marshall, Karol A.

1980-01-01

Suicide is a tragic and upsetting event which sometimes occurs when a person is in some form of therapy. This paper advocates a process after a patient commits suicide which allows for a thorough and orderly working through of the event by involved treatment personnel. (Author)

The Single Event Upset (SEU) response to 590 MeV protons

Science.gov (United States)

Nichols, D. K.; Price, W. E.; Smith, L. S.; Soli, G. A.

1984-01-01

The presence of high-energy protons in cosmic rays, solar flares, and trapped radiation belts around Jupiter poses a threat to the Galileo project. Results of a test of 10 device types (including 1K RAM, 4-bit microP sequencer, 4-bit slice, 9-bit data register, 4-bit shift register, octal flip-flop, and 4-bit counter) exposed to 590 MeV protons at the Swiss Institute of Nuclear Research are presented to clarify the picture of SEU response to the high-energy proton environment of Jupiter. It is concluded that the data obtained should remove the concern that nuclear reaction products generated by protons external to the device can cause significant alteration in the device SEU response. The data also show only modest increases in SEU cross section as proton energies are increased up to the upper limits of energy for both the terrestrial and Jovian trapped proton belts.

The effects of cosmic radiation on implantable medical devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bradley, P.

1996-01-01

Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuits, with the benefits of low power consumption, represent the state of the art technology for implantable medical devices. Three significant sources of radiation are classified as having the ability to damage or alter the behavior of implantable electronics; Secondary neutron cosmic radiation, alpha particle radiation from the device packaging and therapeutic doses(up to 70 Gγ) of high energy radiation used in radiation oncology. The effects of alpha particle radiation from the packaging may be eliminated by the use of polyimide or silicone rubber die coatings. The relatively low incidence of therapeutic radiation incident on an implantable device and the use of die coating leaves cosmic radiation induced secondary neutron single event upset (SEU) as the main pervasive ionising radiation threat to the reliability of implantable devices. A theoretical model which predicts the susceptibility of a RAM cell to secondary neutron cosmic radiation induced SEU is presented. The model correlates well within the statistical uncertainty associated with both the theoretical and field estimate. The predicted Soft Error Rate (SER) is 4.8 x l0 -12 upsets/(bit hr) compared to an observed upset rate of 8.5 x 10 -12 upsets/(bit hr) from 20 upsets collected over a total of 284672 device days. The predicted upset rate may increase by up to 20% when consideration is given to patients flying in aircraft The upset rate is also consistent with the expected geographical variations of the secondary cosmic ray neutron flux, although insufficient upsets precluded a statistically significant test. This is the first clinical data set obtained indicating the effects of cosmic radiation on implantable devices. Importantly, it may be used to predict the susceptibility of future to the implantable device designs to the effects of cosmic radiation

CINEMA E EDUCAÇÃO: OS PROFESSORES, SEUS IMAGINÁRIOS E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O AUDIOVISUAL

OpenAIRE

Rozangela Martins da Silva

2015-01-01

Esta pesquisa intitulada Cinema e educação: os professores, seus imaginários e suas relações com o audiovisual está inserida na linha de pesquisa LP1 Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A presente dissertação pretendeu investigar quais os imaginários construídos sobre a sétima arte e seu uso na escola e, como o cinema está sendo retratado nas práticas educativas de professores do Instituto Federal de Tocantins (...

O segredo dos seus olhos: os significantes da pós-modernidade = The Secret of Your Eyes: signifiers of Postmodernity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramos, Roberto José

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O filme O Segredo dos seus Olhos, do diretor Juan José Campanella, vencedor do Oscar de melhor filme estrangeiro em 2010, é uma metonímia da qualidade do Cinema argentino. Apresenta um investimento no universo simbólico revelador. Possibilita, através dos significantes verbais e não verbais, uma valorização da importância da subjetividade humana. Possui características da estética da Pós- Modernidade

Resistance Upset Welding of ODS Steel Fuel Claddings—Evaluation of a Process Parameter Range Based on Metallurgical Observations

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Fabien Corpace

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Resistance upset welding is successfully applied to Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS steel fuel cladding. Due to the strong correlation between the mechanical properties and the microstructure of the ODS steel, this study focuses on the consequences of the welding process on the metallurgical state of the PM2000 ODS steel. A range of process parameters is identified to achieve operative welding. Characterizations of the microstructure are correlated to measurements recorded during the welding process. The thinness of the clad is responsible for a thermal unbalance, leading to a higher temperature reached. Its deformation is important and may lead to a lack of joining between the faying surfaces located on the outer part of the join which can be avoided by increasing the dissipated energy or by limiting the clad stick-out. The deformation and the temperature reached trigger a recrystallization phenomenon in the welded area, usually combined with a modification of the yttrium dispersion, i.e., oxide dispersion, which can damage the long-life resistance of the fuel cladding. The process parameters are optimized to limit the deformation of the clad, preventing the compactness defect and the modification of the nanoscale oxide dispersion.

The impact of meal timing on performance, sleepiness, gastric upset, and hunger during simulated night shift.

Science.gov (United States)

Grant, Crystal Leigh; Dorrian, Jillian; Coates, Alison Maree; Pajcin, Maja; Kennaway, David John; Wittert, Gary Allen; Heilbronn, Leonie Kaye; Vedova, Chris Della; Gupta, Charlotte Cecilia; Banks, Siobhan

2017-10-07

This study examined the impact of eating during simulated night shift on performance and subjective complaints. Subjects were randomized to eating at night (n=5; 23.2 ± 5.5 y) or not eating at night (n=5; 26.2 ± 6.4 y). All participants were given one sleep opportunity of 8 h (22:00 h-06:00 h) before transitioning to the night shift protocol. During the four days of simulated night shift participants were awake from 16:00 h-10:00 h with a daytime sleep of 6 h (10:00 h-16:00 h). In the simulated night shift protocol, meals were provided at ≈0700 h, 1900 h and 0130 h (eating at night); or ≈0700 h, 0930 h, 1410 h and 1900 h (not eating at night). Subjects completed sleepiness, hunger and gastric complaint scales, a Digit Symbol Substitution Task and a 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Increased sleepiness and performance impairment was evident in both conditions at 0400 h (phunger and a small but significant elevation in stomach upset across the night (p<0.026). Eating at night was associated with elevated bloating on night one, which decreased across the protocol. Restricting food intake may limit performance impairments at night. Dietary recommendations to improve night-shift performance must also consider worker comfort.

Feasibility Analysis and Design of a Fault Tolerant Computing System: A TMR Microprocessor System Design of 64-Bit Cots Microprocessors

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Eken, Huseyin

2001-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and determine the feasibility of implementing a fault tolerant computing system that is able to function in the presence of radiation induced Single Event Upsets (SEU...

Irradiation setup at the U-120M cyclotron facility

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Křížek, Filip; Ferencei, Jozef; Matlocha, Tomáš; Pospíšil, Jan; Príbeli, Peter; Raskina, Valentina; Isakov, Artem; Štursa, Jan; Vaňát, Tomáš; Vysoká, K.

2018-01-01

Roč. 894, č. 6 (2018), s. 87-95 ISSN 0168-9002 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LM2015056; GA MŠk LM2015058 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : particle irradiation facility * radiation hardness * dosimetry * single event effect * single event upset * single event transient Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics , Colliders OBOR OECD: Nuclear physics Impact factor: 1.362, year: 2016

Bioacessibilidade in vitro das biotoxinas marinhas ácido ocadaico, dinofisistoxina-2 e seus derivados em bivalves crus e cozinhados

OpenAIRE

Manita, Diana Filipa Pereira

2017-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar As biotoxinas marinhas mais frequentes e abundantes em Portugal são as toxinas lipofílicas, nomeadamente as toxinas do grupo do ácido ocadaico (AO), que inclui as dinofisistoxinas (DTX1 e DTX2) e os seus derivados (DTX3), responsáveis pela intoxicação diarreica (DSP diarrhetic shellfish poisoning). A investigação da presença, variabilidade e transformação de biotoxinas marinhas em moluscos bivalves é de elevada importância não só p...

Plantas de cobertura e seus efeitos sobre o feijoeiro em plantio direto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliveira Tadário Kamel de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o rendimento de matéria fresca, matéria seca e o acúmulo de nutrientes da fitomassa produzida por milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L. Leek, sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench, milho (Zea mays L., mucuna-preta (Stizolobium aterrimum e feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis (L. DC., em cultivo exclusivo e consorciado, e seus efeitos sobre o feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca em plantio direto. Os tratamentos consistiram no cultivo exclusivo das espécies e nos consórcios das gramíneas com as leguminosas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O sorgo em cultivo exclusivo apresenta maior produtividade de matéria fresca e, juntamente com o milheto exclusivo e o consórcio milheto e mucuna-preta, maior produtividade de matéria seca. Ocorre maior acúmulo de nutrientes no milheto exclusivo e consorciado com mucuna-preta. Posteriormente, realizou-se o plantio direto do feijoeiro, cujo rendimento de grãos é influenciado pelas diferentes palhadas das plantas de cobertura no sistema plantio direto, sendo mais afetado pela espécie produtora de palha do que pela sua forma de cultivo.

O estigma da violência sofrida por mulheres na relação com seus parceiros íntimos The stigma of violency suffered by women in their intimate relationship with partners

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virginia Moreira

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa sobre o estigma da violência sofrida pelas mulheres na relação com seus parceiros íntimos. Focaliza a compreensão de quais fatores determinantes na relação agressivo-abusiva concorrem para que as mulheres sintam tanta dificuldade de denunciar seus agressores. Fizemos uso do método fenomenológico crítico mundano e, como instrumento, usamos entrevistas áudio-gravadas. Os resultados mostram que essas mulheres suportam várias modalidades de violência na relação com seus parceiros. Sentindo-se psicologicamente estigmatizadas, evitam a denúncia por não quererem ser reconhecidas pela sociedade como mulheres espancadas e maltratadas.This article describes a research about the stigma of violence suffered by women in their relationship with intimate partners. It focalizes the understanding on which determining factors in the aggressive/abusive relation concur in order that women feel so many difficulties to denounce their aggressors. We used the mundane critical phenomenological method and, as an implement, we used audio-record interviews. The results show that these women endure several modalities of violence in the relation with their partners. Feeling psychologically stigmatized, they avoid denouncing because they do not want to be recognized by society as trashed and ill-treated women.

PRISM -- A tool for modelling proton energy deposition in semiconductor materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oldfield, M.K.; Underwood, C.I.

1996-01-01

This paper presents a description of, and test results from, a new PC based software simulation tool PRISM (Protons in Semiconductor Materials). The model describes proton energy deposition in complex 3D sensitive volumes of semiconductor materials. PRISM is suitable for simulating energy deposition in surface-barrier detectors and semiconductor memory devices, the latter being susceptible to Single-Event Upset (SEU) and Multiple-Bit Upset (MBU). The design methodology on which PRISM is based, together with the techniques used to simulate ion transport and energy deposition, are described. Preliminary test results used to analyze the PRISM model are presented

A viable on-chip FPGA configuration memory scrubbing approach for CBM-ToF

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oancea, Andrei-Dumitru; Stuellein, Christian; Manz, Sebastian; Gebelein, Jano; Kebschull, Udo [Infrastruktur und Rechnersysteme in der Informationsverarbeitung (IRI), Goethe-Universitaet, Senckenberganlage 31, 60325 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Collaboration: CBM-Collaboration

2015-07-01

The ToF Detector of the CBM Experiment will be equipped with FPGA-based read-out boards (ROBs). These ROBs will be operated in a radiation environment, and therefore need a mitigation mechanism against soft errors in the SRAM-based configuration memories of the FPGAs. The proposed approach combines intrinsic on-chip single upset correction with extrinsic selective frame scrubbing for multiple-bit upsets. The slow control is realized using the GBT-SCA, which is capable of handling interrupts. This enables the new approach of event-driven configuration frame correction. While conventional blind scrubbing leads to a continuous load on the control path, the selective frame scrubbing reduces this load to a minimum. For verification purposes, radiation tests with a proton beam were performed at COSY, Juelich. The occurred soft errors were classified into single and multiple- bit upsets, enabling an estimation of the rate at which extrinsic intervention is necessary.

Single event upset test structures for digital CMOS application specific integrated circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baze, M.P.; Bartholet, W.G.; Braatz, J.C.; Dao, T.A.

1993-01-01

An approach has been developed for the design and utilization of SEU test structures for digital CMOS ASICs. This approach minimizes the number of test structures required by categorizing ASIC library cells according to their SEU response and designing a structure to characterize each response for each category. Critical SEU response parameters extracted from these structures are used to evaluate the SEU hardness of ASIC libraries and predict the hardness of ASIC chips

Radiation environment measurements and single event upset observations in sun-synchronous orbit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dyer, C.S.; Sims, A.J.; Farren, J.; Stephen, J.; Underwood, C.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on analysis of data from the Cosmic Radiation Environment and Dosimetry experiment (CREDO) carried in sun-synchronous polar orbit on UoSat-3 which shows the influence of cosmic rays, trapped protons and solar particles and allows comparison with device behavior

Random access memory immune to single event upset using a T-resistor

Science.gov (United States)

Ochoa, Jr., Agustin

1989-01-01

In a random access memory cell, a resistance "T" decoupling network in each leg of the cell reduces random errors caused by the interaction of energetic ions with the semiconductor material forming the cell. The cell comprises two parallel legs each containing a series pair of complementary MOS transistors having a common gate connected to the node between the transistors of the opposite leg. The decoupling network in each leg is formed by a series pair of resistors between the transistors together with a third resistor interconnecting the junction between the pair of resistors and the gate of the transistor pair forming the opposite leg of the cell.

O SURGIMENTO DA ESCOLA DE PENSAMENTO DO MARKETING DE RELACIONAMENTO E SEUS FUNDAMENTOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Edson Lara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste ensaio é discutir o surgimento do Marketing de Relacionamento (MR como escola de pensamento do marketing, após a década de 70. Primeiramente, será realizada uma revisão das principais escolas de marketing, conforme Sheth, Gardner e Garrett (1988. Considerando as influências de algumas dessas escolas sobre o Marketing de Relacionamento, será feito um resgate de seu surgimento, com a revisão de seus principais precursores e classificando-o nos critérios de interativo/não-interativo e econômico/não-econômico. Por fim, o artigo pretende responder às seguintes perguntas: O MR pode ser considerado hoje como escola proeminente no pensamento de marketing? É possível chegar a uma teoria geral para o MR? A objetividade nas pesquisas de MR é desejável/possível? A análise desses questionamentos será feita com base na discussão de correntes filosóficas do conhecimento científico (Comte, Durkhein, Popper, Nagel, Kant, Weber, que constituem fundamento epistemológico para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas da área.

Contribuição ao estudo do ascomiceto chrysonilia sitophila : biodegradação de madeira e seus componentes

OpenAIRE

Andre Luis Ferraz

1991-01-01

Resumo: Foram estudados diversos aspectos relacionados à biodegradacão de madeira e seus componentes pelo Ascomiceto Chrysonilia sitophila. A otimização das condições de cultivo indicou máxima velocidade de crescimento em pH 6,0, 28°C e concentração de nitrogênio 50 mEq N/l. Foi observado crescimento em níveis constitutivos de nitrogênio e assimilação indistinta de NO3 ou NH4. A presença de íons tartarato e biotina não interferiram significativamente no crescimento. O tampão mais indicado pa...

As exposições e seus publicos : a paleontologia no Museo de La Plata (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)

OpenAIRE

Sandra Elena Murriello

2006-01-01

Resumo: Esta tese pretende ser uma contribução à compreensão do diálogo estabelecido nas instituições museais com seus múltiplos visitantes, o que vem permitindo a sobrevivência, quando não a transformação, e consolidação dos museus como espaços culturais valorizados socialmente. Em particular, analiso a relação estabelecida entre o público do Museo de La Plata (Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) e suas exposições paleontológicas. Essas exposições e suas valiosas coleções são as mais procu...

Investigação das características psicodinâmicas de crianças obesas e de seus pais

OpenAIRE

Fernanda Kimie Tavares Mishima

2007-01-01

A obesidade é uma doença crônica que atinge milhares de pessoas. Considerada de alto risco e com graves conseqüências para a saúde física e mental, sua incidência na infância tornou-se ponto importante a ser investigado e relacionado com os prejuízos que pode acarretar, tanto individualmente quanto no âmbito familiar e social. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das características psicodinâmicas de crianças obesas e de seus pais, por meio de entrevi...

A influência do Brand Love e do Brand Gender no Brand Engagement no Facebook e seus efeitos no Brand Equity

OpenAIRE

Santos, Barbara Coutinho Pires dos

2015-01-01

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as relações existentes entre as motivações, o Brand Love e o Brand Gender no Brand Engagement dos consumidores com as marcas no Facebook e avaliar seus efeitos no Brand Equity. Desenvolveu-se um modelo de estudo no intuito de compreender essas relações, realizou-se um questionário online que obteve 223 respostas válidas. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, factoriais e teste de hipóteses com recurso ao SPSS. Os resultados indicam que...

Study of transient current induced by heavy-ion microbeams in Si and GaAs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirao, Toshio; Nashiyama, Isamu; Kamiya, Tomihiro; Suda, Tamotu [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Takasaki, Gunma (Japan). Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment

1997-03-01

Heavy-ion microbeams were applied to the study of mechanism of single event upset (SEU). Transient current induced in p{sup +}n junction diodes by strike of heavy ion microbeam were measured by using a high-speed digitizing sampling system. (author)

Atividades Agrícolas dos Imigrantes Italianos e seus Descendentes na Microrregião Oeste do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janaíne Trombini

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Os imigrantes italianos que chegaram a partir das últimas décadas do século XIX no RS estabeleceram-se na encosta superior do planalto, precisamente entre os vales dos Rios Caí e das Antas, e dedicaram-se às atividades agropecuárias. Após esta ocupação avançaram sobre novas terras e a partir do final da década de 1880, atingiram áreas que posteriormente passaram a denominar-se Vale do Taquari. O objetivo do estudo consiste em analisar as atividades agrícolas dos imigrantes italianos e seus descendentes na Microrregião Oeste do Vale do Taquari e as relações com o ambiente. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa e os procedimentos metodológicos consistem na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, pesquisa de campo com elaboração de diários e entrevistas com descendentes de italianos. Constatou-se que as práticas envolvendo atividades agrícolas, tais como cultivo do milho, trigo, uva, feijão e a criação de animais como gado, porcos e galinhas em áreas da Microrregião Oestes pelos imigrantes italianos e seus descendentes acarretaram significativos impactos ambientais.

A globalização e seus reflexos sobre os trabalhadores "estáveis": petroleiros da Fafen/Petrobrás

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romão Frederico Lisbôa

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Esse trabalho busca contribuir para discussão da globalização e seus reflexos sobre os trabalhadores ditos estáveis, suas organizações, a subjetividade operária e o chão da fábrica a partir de Sergipe na década de 90, no caso particular da Fábrica de Fertilizantes da Petrobrás (Fafen/Petrobrás. A tabulação e análise dos dados coletados, nos possibilita algumas conclusões: 1 As mudanças ocorridas no chão da fábrica denotam uma precarização das condições de trabalho externalizadas em: menos postos de serviço, mais tarefas, menos segurança, menos estabilidade, perda e flexibilização de direitos. Esse processo atinge diretamente os trabalhadores tidos como estáveis permitindo-nos concluir que não são precisas as afirmações que os denominam de "elite" ou privilegiados; 2 o sindicato da categoria, apesar da experiência dos seus quadros diretivos, que estavam à frente do movimento desde o início dos anos 80, tendo inclusive posição destacada a nível nacional, apesar do seu nível de organização e da sua inserção no interior da unidade fabril, foi incapaz de encontrar formas alternativas ao avanço da empresa, que consegue retirar muitas conquistas anteriores e cooptar antigas lideranças, criando um clima de impotência e atingindo diretamente a subjetividade da classe.

Importance of ion energy on SEU in CMOS SRAMs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dodd, P.E.; Shaneyfelt, M.R.; Sexton, F.W.; Hash, G.L.; Winokur, P.S. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Musseau, O.; Leray, J.L. [CEA-DAM, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France)

1998-03-01

The single-event upset (SEU) responses of 16 Kbit to 1 Mbit SRAMs irradiated with low and high-energy heavy ions are reported. Standard low-energy heavy ion tests appear to be sufficiently conservative for technologies down to 0.5 {micro}m.

Evaluation of Recent Technologies of Nonvolatile RAM

Science.gov (United States)

Nuns, Thierry; Duzellier, Sophie; Bertrand, Jean; Hubert, Guillaume; Pouget, Vincent; Darracq, FrÉdÉric; David, Jean-Pierre; Soonckindt, Sabine

2008-08-01

Two types of recent nonvolatile random access memories (NVRAM) were evaluated for radiation effects: total dose and single event upset and latch-up under heavy ions and protons. Complementary irradiation with a laser beam provides information on sensitive areas of the devices.

Development of measurement system for radiation effect on static random access memory based field programmable gate array

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao Zhibin; He Baoping; Zhang Fengqi; Guo Hongxia; Luo Yinhong; Wang Yuanming; Zhang Keying

2009-01-01

Based on the detailed investigation in field programmable gate array(FPGA) radiation effects theory, a measurement system for radiation effects on static random access memory(SRAM)-based FPGA was developed. The testing principle of internal memory, function and power current was introduced. The hardware and software implement means of system were presented. Some important parameters for radiation effects on SRAM-based FPGA, such as configuration RAM upset section, block RAM upset section, function fault section and single event latchup section can be gained with this system. The transmission distance of the system can be over 50 m and the maximum number of tested gates can reach one million. (authors)

Adolescentes em tratamento psiquiátrico: um estudo fenomenológico das vivências em seus relacionamentos sócio-afetivos-sexuais

OpenAIRE

Fernanda Tomé Marleta Iezzi

2013-01-01

RESUMO Marleta-Iezzi, F. T. (2013) Adolescentes em tratamento psiquiátrico: um estudo fenomenológico das vivências em seus relacionamentos sócio-afetivo-sexuais. Dissertação de Mestrado Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. Na presente dissertação buscamos situar e (re)conhecer o fenômeno das vivências dos relacionamentos sócio-afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes submetidos a tratamento psiquiátrico, por compreender que a adol...

SOLIDS PRECIPITATION EVENT IN MCU CAUSAL ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM SOLIDS RECOVERY TEAM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garrison, A.; Aponte, C.

2014-08-15

A process upset occurred in the Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) facility on April 6th, 2014. During recovery efforts, a significant amount of solids were found in the Salt Solution Feed Tank (SSFT), Salt Solution Receipt Tanks (SSRTs), two extraction contactors, and scrub contactors. The solids were identified by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) as primarily sodium oxalate and sodium alumina silicate (NAS) with the presence of some aluminum hydroxide. NAS solids have been present in the SSFT since simulant runs during cold chemical startup of MCU in 2007, and have not hindered operations since that time. During the process upset in April 2014, the oxalate solids partially blocked the aqueous outlet of the extraction contactors, causing salt solution to exit through the contactor organic outlet to the scrub contactors with the organic phase. This salt solution overwhelmed the scrub contactors and passed with the organic phase to the strip section of MCU. The partially reversed flow of salt solution resulted in a Strip Effluent (SE) stream that was high in Isopar™ L, pH and sodium. The primary cause of the excessive solids accumulation in the SSRTs and SSFT at MCU is attributed to an increase in the frequency of oxalic acid cleaning of the 512-S primary filter. Agitation in the SSRTs at MCU in response to cold weather likely provided the primary mechanism to transfer the solids to the contactors. Sources of the sodium oxalate solids are attributed to the oxalic acid cleaning solution used to clean the primary filter at the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) filtration at 512-S, as well as precipitation from the salt batch feed, which is at or near oxalate saturation. The Solids Recovery Team was formed to determine the cause of the solids formation and develop recommendations to prevent or mitigate this event in the future. A total of 53 recommendations were generated. These recommendations were organized into 4 focus areas: • Improve

Effects of radiations on electronic components - Course IN2P3, release 6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

As many off-the-shelf electronic components are now present onboard satellites, launchers and planes, this course proposes an overview of effects radiations can have on these components, notably in space applications. A first part proposes an overview of radiative environments, and more particularly presents the space radiative environment (solar wind, solar flares, cosmic radiation, radiation belts). It also presents the atmospheric and Earth radiative environment due to cosmic radiation, the alpha radiation (origin of particles, particle flow), the radiative environment within an accelerator. The second part addresses the effects of these radiative environments on electronic components, and the associated standards and tests. It addresses cumulative effects and proposes a detailed analysis of the effects of an ionizing dose on a MOS transistor, an analysis of the effects of ionising dose rate on a bipolar NPN or PNP vertical or lateral transistor, an analysis of the effects of atomic displacements, and a discussion of structure modifications. The next part describes various single events: the Single Event Upset (SEU) and the Multiple Bit Upset (MBU) in the case of a SRAM, the SEL (Single Event Latch-up) phenomenon, the SEGR (Single Event Gate Rupture) phenomenon in the case of a Power MOSFET, and the SEB (Single Event Burnout) phenomenon in the case of a Power MOSFET

As Guerras Mundiais e seus veteranos: uma abordagem comparativa The World Wars and their veterans: a comparative approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco César Alves Ferraz

2008-01-01

Full Text Available As Guerras Mundiais deixaram para a posteridade dezenas de milhões de ex-combatentes, que retornaram aos lares transformados física e psicologicamente. Em seu retorno, enfrentaram problemas de toda sorte para a reintegração social. Neste artigo são abordados os processos de reintegração social dos ex-combatentes norte-americanos, franceses e ingleses, nas duas guerras mundiais. A principal conclusão é que, mais que a existência ou não de uma estrutura de apoio e programas de retorno dos combatentes à sociedade, a variável decisiva para definição do sucesso ou não da reintegração social foi a relação que a sociedade não-combatente travou com a guerra lutada e com seus combatentes. Em outras palavras, a aceitação ou não, entre a população civil, da participação de seus jovens nos conflitos, bem como a memória social dessas guerras, repercutiram profundamente na forma como esses milhões de jovens retornaram às suas vidas sociais e profissionais.The World Wars left to posterity tens of millions of combat veterans who returned home physically and psychologically transformed. They faced all kinds of problems related to their social reintegration. This article examines the social reintegration processes of North-American, French and English ex-combatants from both World Wars. The main conclusion is that, more than the existence or not of a support structure and programs to reintegrate combatants into society, the decisive factor for success or failure in reintegration was the relationship of civilian society to the war. In other words, the civilian population's level of acceptance of their youngsters' participation in the conflicts, as well as the social memory of the wars, had a deep effect on the ways these millions of young people were able to return to their social and professional lives.

ARTICULAÇÕES DA POLÍTICA (NEO LIBERAL E SEUS IMPACTOS NA EDUCAÇÃO

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Luciana Belissimo Carvalho

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo visa a compreender a educação (sentido genérico e sua relação com a política (neo liberal e em decorrência o processo de emancipação humana. Para tanto, torna-se inescusável traçar um plano de investigação analítica no que concerne à sua base de sustentação, em outras palavras, seus determinantes sócio-políticos oriundos das imposições liberais. Para tanto, a metodologia respalda-se na pesquisa bibliográfica com ênfase no materialismo histórico dialético. Destarte, o trabalho traz como escopo precípuo a elucidação dos fatores e relações que se engendram no interior da lógica liberal que, por sua vez, influenciam na forma em que a educação se estabelece e quais fins se propõem. Palavras-chave: Liberalismo. Educação. Emancipação Humana.

Latent class analysis of indicators of intolerance of uncertainty

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boelen, P.A.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/174011954; Lenferink, L.I.M.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/411295896

Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor involved in depression and anxiety symptoms and disorders. IU encompasses Prospective IU (“Unforeseen events upset me greatly”) and Inhibitory IU (“The smallest doubt can stop me from acting”). Research has yet to explore

Exogenous HIV-1 Nef upsets the IFN-γ-induced impairment of human intestinal epithelial integrity.

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Maria Giovanna Quaranta

Full Text Available The mucosal tissues play a central role in the transmission of HIV-1 infection as well as in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Despite several clinical studies reported intestinal dysfunction during HIV infection, the mechanisms underlying HIV-induced impairments of mucosal epithelial barrier are still unclear. It has been postulated that HIV-1 alters enterocytic function and HIV-1 proteins have been detected in several cell types of the intestinal mucosa. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of the accessory HIV-1 Nef protein on human epithelial cell line.We used unstimulated or IFN-γ-stimulated Caco-2 cells, as a model for homeostatic and inflamed gastrointestinal tracts, respectively. We investigated the effect of exogenous recombinant Nef on monolayer integrity analyzing its uptake, transepithelial electrical resistance, permeability to FITC-dextran and the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, we measured the induction of proinflammatory mediators. Exogenous Nef was taken up by Caco-2 cells, increased intestinal epithelial permeability and upset the IFN-γ-induced reduction of transepithelial resistance, interfering with tight junction protein expression. Moreover, Nef inhibited IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and up-regulated TNF-α, IL-6 and MIP-3α production by Caco-2 cells while down-regulated IL-10 production. The simultaneous exposure of Caco-2 cells to Nef and IFN-γ did not affect cytokine secretion respect to untreated cells. Finally, we found that Nef counteracted the IFN-γ induced arachidonic acid cascade.Our findings suggest that exogenous Nef, perturbing the IFN-γ-induced impairment of intestinal epithelial cells, could prolong cell survival, thus allowing for accumulation of viral particles. Our results may improve the understanding of AIDS pathogenesis, supporting the discovery of new therapeutic interventions.

Effects Influencing Plutonium-Absorber Interactions and Distributions in Routine and Upset Waste Treatment Plant Operations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delegard, Calvin H. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Sinkov, Sergey I. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Fiskum, Sandra K. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

2015-05-01

This report is the third in a series of analyses written in support of a plan to revise the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) Preliminary Criticality Safety Evaluation Report (CSER) that is being implemented at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Criticality Safety Group. A report on the chemical disposition of plutonium in Hanford tank wastes was prepared as Phase 1 of this plan (Delegard and Jones 2015). Phase 2 is the provision of a chemistry report to describe the potential impacts on criticality safety of waste processing operations within the WTP (Freer 2014). In accordance with the request from the Environmental and Nuclear Safety Department of the WTP (Miles and Losey 2012), the Phase 2 report assessed the potential for WTP process conditions within and outside the range of normal control parameters to change the ratio of fissile material to neutron-absorbing material in the waste as it is processed with an eye towards potential implications for criticality safety. The Phase 2 study also considered the implications should WTP processes take place within the credible range of chemistry upset conditions. In the present Phase 3 report, the 28 phenomena described in the Phase 2 report were considered with respect to the disposition of plutonium and various absorber elements. The phenomena identified in the Phase 2 report are evaluated in light of the Phase 1 report and other resources to determine the impacts these phenomena might have to alter the plutonium/absorber dispositions and ratios. The outcomes of the Phase 3 evaluations then can be used to inform subsequent engineering decisions and provide reasonable paths forward to mitigate or overcome real or potential criticality concern in plant operations.

A classe média chinesa e seus padrões de consumo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhu Di

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo enfoca as oportunidades de vida e a orientação dos consumidores da classe média na China, além de examinar suas características e sua participação nas práticas de consumo. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo China General Social Survey 2003. Devido a disparidades econômicas significativas entre as regiões, este artigo volta sua atenção para a divisão entre migrantes e habitantes nativos em cidades metropolitanas, que apresentam mais posições de classe média e onde a cultura de consumo prospera mais. A minha pesquisa mostrou que as diferenças entre os migrantes metropolitanos e os nativos metropolitanos são irrelevantes quanto à conquista de status social e participação nas práticas de consumo. Pode-se inferir que os migrantes metropolitanos são motivados a alcançar uma classe social ou uma renda mais alta e que seus gostos e estilos de vida são influenciados pelas cidades metropolitanas após sua migração. Mesmo que a frugalidade continue sendo um aspecto característico da população urbana chinesa, a classe média, os jovens e os grupos de renda alta apresentam uma forte orientação para o prazer e conforto pessoal.

Indicadores sociodemográficos da atividade física nos seus diferentes domínios em adultos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina

OpenAIRE

Del Duca, Giovâni Firpo

2013-01-01

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2013 O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar a atividade física nos seus diferentes domínios (lazer, deslocamento, trabalho e domicílio) e as relações com indicadores sociodemográficos em adultos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo transversal de base populacional com adultos de 20 a 59 anos, de setembro de 2009 a janeiro...

Opinião dos pais sobre a voz, características de comportamento e de personalidade de seus filhos Parents opinion on the voice and on behavior and personality characteristics of their children

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Angela von Fritsch

2011-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar como os pais percebem e descrevem seus filhos com relação à voz e às características de comportamento e personalidade. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 66 pais de crianças entre 6 e 9 anos, de ambos os sexos, os quais responderam a um questionário com 28 questões que investigavam características de voz, comportamento e personalidade de seus filhos. RESULTADOS: os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos pais (90,9% se mostra satisfeita com o som da voz de seu filho(a. Somente 9,1% dos pais caracterizaram a voz de seu filho como sendo pior que a das demais crianças e 31,8% achou que seu filho(a fala muito mais se comparado aos colegas. Aproximadamente um quarto (22,7% dos pais observou que o volume de voz utilizado por seus filhos é aumentado. Os pais que caracterizaram seus filhos como sendo mais falantes também perceberam a voz deles como sendo mais aguda (p=0,013. O volume de voz aumentado mostrou correlação positiva com agitação (p=0,044, inquietação (p=0,005, sociabilidade (p=0,021, menos quantidade de horas dormidas (p=0,013 e extroversão (p=0,014. Crianças caracterizadas como sendo mais calmas (p=0,011 e menos argumentativas (p=0,044 são também menos falantes na comparação com outras crianças. CONCLUSÃO: em geral, os pais parecem perceber características vocais em seus filhos, têm forte tendência a considerar seus filhos sensíveis, observadores e exigentes quanto a si mesmos, além de perceberem relação entre volume de voz e características de comportamento e personalidade.PURPOSE: to check how parents perceive and describe their children with 'regard to their voice and behavior and personality traits. METHODS: the study involved the participation of 66 parents of children between 6 and 9 year old, from both genders, who answered a questionnaire with 28 questions addressing voice, behavior and personality traits of their children. RESULTS: results indicated that the majority of the parents

Comparison between ground tests and flight data for two static 32 KB memories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheynet, Ph.; Velazco, R.; Cheynet, Ph.; Ecoffet, R.; Duzellier, S.; David, J.P.; Loquet, J.G.

1999-01-01

The study concerns two 32 K-byte static memories, one from Hitachi (HM62256) and the other (HM65756) from Matra-MHS. The results correspond to around one year of measurement in high radiation orbit and a total of 268 upsets were detected. As a preliminary conclusion it can be stated that the MHS SRAM is probably at least 4 times more sensitive to SEU (single event upset) than the Hitachi SRAM. The Hitachi memory has exhibited what we call ''stuck-at'' bit errors. This kind of event is identified when the same address and data is found in error (fixed read data) for several consecutive read cycles. A confrontation of SEU rates derived from predictions to those measured in flight has shown that: - error rate is underestimated for HM62256 using standard prediction models, - error rate can be under or over-estimated for HM65756 but the dispersion on heavy-ion ground results does not allow us to conclude. (A.C.)

SRAM-Based Passive Dosimeter for High-Energy Accelerator Environments

CERN Document Server

Makowski, D R; Napieralski, A; Swiercz, B P

2005-01-01

This paper reports a novel NVRAM-based neutron dose monitor (REM counter). The principle of this device is based on the radiation effect initiating the Single Event Upset SEU in high density microelectronic memories. Several batches of Non-Volatile memories from different manufactures were examined in various radiation environments, i.e. 241Am-Be (alpha,n) and Linear accelerators produced radiation fields. A suitable moderator was used to enhance the detector sensitivity. Further experiments were carried out in Linear Accelerators: Linac II, TTF2 and Beam Loss Environment of various Experimental Facilities at DESY Research Centre in Hamburg. A separate batch of SRAM was irradiated with 60Co-gamma rays up to a dose of about 60 Gy. No Single Event Upset (SEU) was registered. This validates, that gamma radiation has a negligible effect to trigger SEU in the SRAM. The proposed detector could be ideal for a neutron dose measurement produced by a high-energy electron linac, including synchrotron and Free Electron L...

A random access memory immune to single event upset using a T-Resistor

Science.gov (United States)

Ochoa, A. Jr.

1987-10-28

In a random access memory cell, a resistance ''T'' decoupling network in each leg of the cell reduces random errors caused by the interaction of energetic ions with the semiconductor material forming the cell. The cell comprises two parallel legs each containing a series pair of complementary MOS transistors having a common gate connected to the node between the transistors of the opposite leg. The decoupling network in each leg is formed by a series pair of resistors between the transistors together with a third resistor interconnecting the junction between the pair of resistors and the gate of the transistor pair forming the opposite leg of the cell. 4 figs.

Review of nuclear power reactor coolant system leakage events and leak detection requirements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chokshi, N.C.; Srinivasan, M.; Kupperman, D.S.; Krishnaswamy, P.

2005-01-01

In response to the vessel head event at the Davis-Besse reactor, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) formed a Lessons Learned Task Force (LLTF). Four action plans were formulated to respond to the recommendations of the LLTF. The action plans involved efforts on barrier integrity, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), operating experience, and inspection and program management. One part of the action plan on barrier integrity was an assessment to identify potential safety benefits from changes in requirements pertaining to leakage in the reactor coolant system (RCS). In this effort, experiments and models were reviewed to identify correlations between crack size, crack-tip-opening displacement (CTOD), and leak rate in the RCS. Sensitivity studies using the Seepage Quantification of Upsets In Reactor Tubes (SQUIRT) code were carried out to correlate crack parameters, such as crack size, with leak rate for various types of crack configurations in RCS components. A database that identifies the leakage source, leakage rate, and resulting actions from RCS leaks discovered in U.S. light water reactors was developed. Humidity monitoring systems for detecting leakage and acoustic emission crack monitoring systems for the detection of crack initiation and growth before a leak occurs were also considered. New approaches to the detection of a leak in the reactor head region by monitoring boric-acid aerosols were also considered. (authors)

PROAGRO - Programa de Garantia de Atividade Agropecuaria: avaliação de seus objetivos na microrregião homogenea de Passo-Fundo - RS

OpenAIRE

Formiga, Tadeu Nobre

1983-01-01

No Brasil nao e raro a criação de Programas pelas autoridades governamentais, para atender. determina da situação conjuntural ou para direcionar os esforços de pro . .' dução a uma atividade específica. Ocorre, porém, na maioria das vezes que não se criam -- simultaneamente ã formulação-instr~ mentos efetivos para sua avaliação e assim, os programas se agigantam e -introdu~em seus próprios mecanismos de de fesa para sua autopreservação. Este trabalho objetiva avalia...

O Plano de Metas e seus possíveis efeitos no trabalho docente na rede estadual de ensino do Rio de Janeiro

OpenAIRE

Vera Lucia da Costa Nepomuceno

2014-01-01

O tema desta pesquisa é o Plano de Metas e seus possíveis efeitos no trabalho docente, com domínio de interesse no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O estudo também procura apresentar um breve e recente histórico das políticas de educação do Estado, no que tange ao período de transição do Programa Nova Escola para a implantação do Plano de Metas, procurando contextualizar o momento da implantação do Plano. Como desdobramento deste tema, buscase de um lado, analisar as características, estraté...

Gastronomia sensual: análise simbólica de A festa de Babette e Dona Flor e seus dois maridos = Sensual gastronomy: symbolic analysis of Babetes fiest and Dona Flor e seus dois maridos

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Rocha, Gilmar

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O texto apresenta uma análise simbólica sobre a representação do gênero feminino dramatizada nos filmes Dona Flor e seus dois maridos (1976 e A festa de Babette (1987. Ambientados em contextos socio-históricos diferentes, tais filmes podem ser vistos como “etnografias” que falam do imaginário religioso e do ethos cultural protestante na Dinamarca de fins do século 19 e do sincretismo afro-brasileiro da primeira metade do século 20. O ponto de vista da antropologia simbólica, alimentada pelas contribuições teóricas de Clifford Geertz, Marcel Mauss, Victor Turner e Roberto DaMatta, orienta a interpretação dos filmes a partir dos códigos culturais da culinária (comida, da corporalidade (sexualidade e da religiosidade (puritanismo e sincretismo. Destaca-se, nessas “etnografias fílmicas”, o modo como os sistemas da dádiva e da carnavalização que as estruturam convergem para um mesmo campo de significação. A estratégia metodológica adotada consiste em comparar os filmes tendo por base a estrutura conceitual dos “dramas sociais”

Broad Beam and Ion Microprobe Studies of Single-Event Upsets in High Speed 0.18micron Silicon Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors and Circuits

Science.gov (United States)

Reed, Robert A.; Marshall, Paul W.; Pickel, Jim; Carts, Martin A.; Irwin, TIm; Niu, Guofu; Cressler, John; Krithivasan, Ramkumar; Fritz, Karl; Riggs, Pam

2003-01-01

SiGe based technology is widely recognized for its tremendous potential to impact the high speed microelectronic industry, and therefore the space industry, by monolithic incorporation of low power complementary logic with extremely high speed SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) logic. A variety of studies have examined the ionizing dose, displacement damage and single event characteristics, and are reported. Accessibility to SiGe through an increasing number of manufacturers adds to the importance of understanding its intrinsic radiation characteristics, and in particular the single event effect (SEE) characteristics of the high bandwidth HBT based circuits. IBM is now manufacturing in its 3rd generation of their commercial SiGe processes, and access is currently available to the first two generations (known as and 6HP) through the MOSIS shared mask services with anticipated future release of the latest (7HP) process. The 5 HP process is described and is characterized by a emitter spacing of 0.5 micron and a cutoff frequency ff of 50 GHz, whereas the fully scaled 7HP HBT employs a 0.18 micron emitter and has an fT of 120 GHz. Previous investigations have the examined SEE response of 5 HP HBT circuits through both circuit testing and modeling. Charge collection modeling studies in the 5 H P process have also been conducted, but to date no measurements have been reported of charge collection in any SiGe HBT structures. Nor have circuit models for charge collection been developed in any version other than the 5 HP HBT structure. Our investigation reports the first indications of both charge collection and circuit response in IBM s 7HP-based SiGe process. We compare broad beam heavy ion SEU test results in a fully function Pseudo-Random Number (PRN) sequence generator up to frequencies of 12 Gbps versus effective LET, and also report proton test results in the same circuit. In addition, we examine the charge collection characteristics of individual 7HP HBT

Problemas da juventude e seus enfrentamentos: um estudo de representações sociais Problems of youth and its confrontations: a study of social representations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hebe Signorini Gonçalves

2008-08-01

Full Text Available O trabalho analisa as representações sociais dos jovens acerca de seus problemas, e das formas de enfrentá-los, com base em 39 entrevistas realizadas junto a moradores de Duque de Caxias, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando entre 13 e 22 anos. A análise mostra que a representação de problemas se esclarece por oposição aos projetos de vida dos jovens, estruturados em torno da estabilidade econômica e afetiva. Caberia ao jovem evitar os desvios que inviabilizam a realização de seu projeto de vida. Para isso, eles contam essencialmente com a ajuda de seus familiares e amigos, representados ao mesmo tempo como a maior fonte de apoio e um grande problema quando não atendem às expectativas de suporte e auxílio.This paper analyses social representations of youths on their main problems and how they deal with them. Data were collected in 39 interviews with residents in Duque de Caxias, of both genders, aged between 13 and 22 years old. The analysis shows that the representation of the problems are make clear in opposition to their projects of life, which are structured around economic and affective stability. The interviewed youths consider that they themselves must overcome the main obstacles to their projects. For that, they need support from parents and friends, who represent at the same time the major source of support, however, a significant concern when they are not able to correspond to the youths' expectations.

How "Does" the Comforting Process Work? An Empirical Test of an Appraisal-Based Model of Comforting

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, Susanne M.; Wirtz, John G.

2006-01-01

Burleson and Goldsmith's (1998) comforting model suggests an appraisal-based mechanism through which comforting messages can bring about a positive change in emotional states. This study is a first empirical test of three causal linkages implied by the appraisal-based comforting model. Participants (N=258) talked about an upsetting event with a…

FFTF fuel pin design bases and performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cox, C.M.; Hanson, J.E.; Roake, W.E.; Slember, R.J.; Weber, C.E.; Millunzi, A.C.

1975-04-01

The FFTF fuel pin was conservatively designed to meet thermal and structural performance requirements in the categories normal operation, upset events, emergency events, and hypothetical, faulted events. The fuel pin operating limits consistent with these requirements were developed from a strong fuel pin irradiation testing program scoped to define the performance capability under relevant steady state and transient conditions. Comparison of the results of the irradiation testing program with design requirements indicates that the FFTF fuel pin can exceed its goal burnup of 80,000 MWd/MTM. (U.S.)

Mulheres soropositivas para o HIV e seus companheiros frente à decisão pela gestação

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Fernanda Peixoto Cordova

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que objetivou investigar os motivos que levam mulheres soropositivas para o HIV e seus companheiros a decidirem engravidar, tendo em vista o risco da transmissão vertical e da contaminação ou reinfecção do parceiro. Participaram do estudo seis gestantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário semiestruturado, sendo os dados organizados no software NVivo 2.0 e interpretados por meio da análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Da análise emergiram três temas: Planejamento da Gravidez; Conhecimento sobre Transmissão e Tratamento do HIV/AIDS; Vivendo no Contexto HIV/AIDS. A importância do estudo reside no fato de que, apesar do risco da transmissão vertical e da contaminação do parceiro ser conhecido pelo casal, isto não interfere no desejo de serem pais.

A Companhia de Reis Santa Luzia, Londrina/PR: considerações acerca do catolicismo tradicional popular brasileiro e o papel de seus mestres-rituais

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André Camargo Lopes

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo é resultado de uma série deentrevistas realizadas com o mestreembaixadorAntonio Francisco, da Companhiade Reis Santa Luzia, assim como o trabalho deobservação participante da jornada de Reis2007/2008 que realizamos junto a Companhiapelos bairros do município de Londrina/PR.Temos por objetivo apontar neste artigo algunselementos que caracterizam o catolicismo tradicionalpopular brasileiro, em seu aspectocultural, configurando a partir desta perspectivaa formação de seus mestres-rituais e a estruturaritualística e organizacional da jornada deReis dentro deste universo cultural.

O valor dos valores: a perspectiva de pais em relação a seus filhos

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Felipe Queiroz Siqueira

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Este estudo baseou-se na teoria ecológico-cultural. O objetivo foi identificar, em pais de crianças e adolescentes, quais valores eles consideram mais e menos importantes para seus filhos. Vinte e dois participantes responderam a uma escala que avalia a importância de 27 valores. Após, participaram de uma entrevista semiestruturada, elencando os três valores mais importantes e os três menos, bem como justificando suas escolhas. Foram considerados mais importantes: honestidade, justiça e determinação. Os menos importantes foram: ambição, seguir regras dos pais e liderança. Dentre as justificativas dos mais importantes, destacaram-se: respeitar a alteridade, ser um meio para atingir objetivos e englobar outros valores. Nos menos importantes, destacaram-se: acarretar prejuízos, não ser essencial e não ser garantia de sucesso. Discutem-se os resultados à luz da literatura. Ressaltam-se a importância dos valores enquanto assunto interdisciplinar e a necessidade de reflexão sobre quais tipos de valores se deseja desenvolver na sociedade.

Improvements to the annunciation and display systems at Gentilly 2 NGS - An integrated approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dufresne, R; Desaulniers, M [Central Nucleaire Gentilly, PQ (Canada)

1997-09-01

Since 1990, Gentilly 2 Nuclear Generating Station has revised its overall strategy during upsets and abnormal events and has also completely revised its Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP), its abnormal General Operating Procedures (GOP) and is near completing the revision of its Operating Manuals (OM). This strategy, these new EOPs, abnormal GOPs and the abnormal OMs were validated on our full scale simulator when applicable by a multidisciplinary team composed of authorized staff, technical and safety specialists and also candidates in training for authorization. We have identified significant weakness in the annunciation and display systems impairing the management of these events. To benefit from CANDU Owner`s Group (COG) expertise, we met in some occasions the CRNL`s research team on CAMLS project (CANDU Annunciation Message List System). In order to have more immediate benefits, we chose to improve the actual annunciation and display systems using, in some cases, ideas and/or principles used in the prototype CAMLS. After a brief history, we will present the global approach used at Gentilly 2 for upset and event management and, we will therefore describe in more detail each of the improvements on annunciation and display systems which contributed to reinforce this global approach. Hereafter are some of these improvements: prioritization via color coding of window alarms, re-prioritization (major/minor) of all CRT alarms, coalescence of multi-channel analog and contact CRT alarms, increase in the amount of trends and bar charts for upset management, special alarm summary functions (contextual) for startup after a trip. We did also identify certain needs which are not yet fulfilled with the actual improved system. Finally we will describe some other proposed improvements to the annunciation and display systems that we foresee in the near future. (author). 3 refs, figs.

Improvements to the annunciation and display systems at Gentilly 2 NGS - An integrated approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dufresne, R.; Desaulniers, M.

1997-01-01

Since 1990, Gentilly 2 Nuclear Generating Station has revised its overall strategy during upsets and abnormal events and has also completely revised its Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP), its abnormal General Operating Procedures (GOP) and is near completing the revision of its Operating Manuals (OM). This strategy, these new EOPs, abnormal GOPs and the abnormal OMs were validated on our full scale simulator when applicable by a multidisciplinary team composed of authorized staff, technical and safety specialists and also candidates in training for authorization. We have identified significant weakness in the annunciation and display systems impairing the management of these events. To benefit from CANDU Owner's Group (COG) expertise, we met in some occasions the CRNL's research team on CAMLS project (CANDU Annunciation Message List System). In order to have more immediate benefits, we chose to improve the actual annunciation and display systems using, in some cases, ideas and/or principles used in the prototype CAMLS. After a brief history, we will present the global approach used at Gentilly 2 for upset and event management and, we will therefore describe in more detail each of the improvements on annunciation and display systems which contributed to reinforce this global approach. Hereafter are some of these improvements: prioritization via color coding of window alarms, re-prioritization (major/minor) of all CRT alarms, coalescence of multi-channel analog and contact CRT alarms, increase in the amount of trends and bar charts for upset management, special alarm summary functions (contextual) for startup after a trip. We did also identify certain needs which are not yet fulfilled with the actual improved system. Finally we will describe some other proposed improvements to the annunciation and display systems that we foresee in the near future. (author). 3 refs, figs

Space Weather Impacts on Spacecraft Operations: Identifying and Establishing High-Priority Operational Services

Science.gov (United States)

Lawrence, G.; Reid, S.; Tranquille, C.; Evans, H.

2013-12-01

Space Weather is a multi-disciplinary and cross-domain system defined as, 'The physical and phenomenological state of natural space environments. The associated discipline aims, through observation, monitoring, analysis and modelling, at understanding and predicting the state of the Sun, the interplanetary and planetary environments, and the solar and non-solar driven perturbations that affect them, and also at forecasting and nowcasting the potential impacts on biological and technological systems'. National and Agency-level efforts to provide services addressing the myriad problems, such as ESA's SSA programme are therefore typically complex and ambitious undertakings to introduce a comprehensive suite of services aimed at a large number and broad range of end users. We focus on some of the particular threats and risks that Space Weather events pose to the Spacecraft Operations community, and the resulting implications in terms of User Requirements. We describe some of the highest-priority service elements identified as being needed by the Operations community, and outline some service components that are presently available, or under development. The particular threats and risks often vary according to orbit, so the particular User Needs for Operators at LEO, MEO and GEO are elaborated. The inter-relationship between these needed service elements and existing service components within the broader Space Weather domain is explored. Some high-priority service elements and potential correlation with Space Weather drivers include: solar array degradation and energetic proton storms; single event upsets at GEO and solar proton events and galactic cosmic rays; surface charging and deep dielectric charging at MEO and radiation belt dynamics; SEUs at LEO and the South Atlantic Anomaly and its variability. We examine the current capability to provide operational services addressing such threats and identify some advances that the Operations community can expect to benefit

Fault injection as a test method for an FPGA in charge of data readout for a large tracking detector

CERN Document Server

Roed, K; Richter, M; Fehlker, D; Helstrup, H; Alme, J; Ullaland, K

2011-01-01

This paper describes how fault injection has been implemented as a test method for an FPGA in an existing hardware configuration setup. As this FPGA is in charge of data readout for a large tracking detector, the reliability of this FPGA is of high importance. Due to the complexity of the readout electronics, irradiation testing is technically difficult at this stage of the system commissioning. The work presented in this paper is therefore motivated by introducing fault injection as an alternative method to characterize failures caused by SEUs. It is a method to study the effect that a configuration upset may have on the operation of the FPGA. The target platform consists of two independent modules for data acquisition and detector control functionality. Fault injection to test the response of the data acquisition module is made possible by implementing the solution as part of the detector control functionality. Correct implementation is validated by a simple shift register design. Our results demonstrate th...

Heavy ion microbeam system for study of single event effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamiya, Tomihiro; Utsunomiya, Nobuhiro; Minehara, Eiichi; Tanaka, Ryuichi; Ohmura, Miyoshi; Kohno, Kazuhiro; Iwamoto, Eiji.

1992-01-01

A high-energy heavy ion microbeam system has been developed and installed on a beam line of a 3 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator mainly for analysis of basic mechanism of single event upset (SEU) of semiconductor devices in spacecraft. The SEU is now the most serious problem for highly reliable spacecraft electronics system with long space mission. However, the mechanism has not been understood on the basis of microscopic process of SEU. The SEU phenomena depends not only upon hitting particles, but also upon the hit position on the microcircuit. To observe the transient charge pulse from a SEU, a single ion particle must hit exactly the desired position of the microcircuit. Such an experiment requires the microbeam spot size within 1 μm, the beam positioning accuracy within ±1 μm, and single ion hitting. The microbeam system has been designed to meet the above technical requirements. The system is equipped with two lens systems: one to control the target beam current in a wide range down to extremely low current without any change of the beam optics, and the other to focus heavy ion beams within a spot size of 1 μm. The final goal is to hit a microscopic target area with a single 15 MeV nickel ion. The beam spot size has been evaluated by Gaussian fitting of secondary electron profiles with microbeam scanning across the fine Cu mesh. The single ion detection has been also tested to generate a trigger signal for closing beam shutter to prevent further hits. This paper outlines the new microbeam system and describes methods to realize these techniques. (author)

Resíduos de deltametrina em grãos de trigo e em seus produtos processados, determinados por cromatografia gasosa

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Trevizan Luiz Roberto Pimentel

2000-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a degradação/persistência do inseticida piretróide deltametrina em grãos de trigo e em seus produtos processados, a saber: farelo, farinha branca, farinha integral e pão. Os grãos foram tratados de modo a alcançar a concentração teórica de 0,35 mg kg-1 do piretróide. As amostras foram tomadas a zero, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a aplicação. Houve tendência de concentração do piretróide no farelo de trigo e um menor acúmulo nas farinhas, sendo que após o processo de cozimento do pão observou-se perda do inseticida.

Vision for cross-layer optimization to address the dual challenges of energy and reliability

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quinn, Heather M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dehon, Andre [U. PENN; Carter, Nicholas P [INTEL

2009-01-01

We are rapidly approaching an inflection point where the conventional target of producing perfect, identical transistors that operate without upset can no longer be maintained while continuing to reduce the energy per operation. With power requirements already limiting chip performance, continuing to demand perfect, upset-free transistors would mean the end of scaling benefits. The big challenges in device variability and reliability are driven by uncommon tails in distributions, infrequent upsets, one-size-fits-all technology requirements, and a lack of information about the context of each operation. Solutions co-designed across traditional layer boundaries in our system stack can change the game, allowing architecture and software (a) to compensate for uncommon variation, environments, and events, (b) to pass down invariants and requirements for the computation, and (c) to monitor the health of collections of deVices. Cross-layer codesign provides a path to continue extracting benefits from further scaled technologies despite the fact that they may be less predictable and more variable. While some limited multi-layer mitigation strategies do exist, to move forward redefining traditional layer abstractions and developing a framework that facilitates cross-layer collaboration is necessary.

Scattering extraction of ions at CRYRING for SEU testing

CERN Document Server

Novák, D; Klamra, W; Norlin, L O; Bagge, L; Kaellberg, A; Paál, A; Rensfelt, K G; Molnár, J

1999-01-01

A measuring station has been built at the CRYRING heavy ion accelerator to test the Single Event Upset (SEU) phenomena in working Static RAM circuits. The setup extracts the beam using Rutherford scattering and the ions are monitored with a BaF sub 2 scintillator. SEU measurements have been performed for standard bulk CMOS memory circuits.

SEE induced in SRAM operating in a superconducting electron linear accelerator environment

Science.gov (United States)

Makowski, D.; Mukherjee, Bhaskar; Grecki, M.; Simrock, Stefan

2005-02-01

Strong fields of bremsstrahlung photons and photoneutrons are produced during the operation of high-energy electron linacs. Therefore, a mixed gamma and neutron radiation field dominates the accelerators environment. The gamma radiation induced Total Ionizing Dose (TID) effect manifests the long-term deterioration of the electronic devices operating in accelerator environment. On the other hand, the neutron radiation is responsible for Single Event Effects (SEE) and may cause a temporal loss of functionality of electronic systems. This phenomenon is known as Single Event Upset (SEU). The neutron dose (KERMA) was used to scale the neutron induced SEU in the SRAM chips. Hence, in order to estimate the neutron KERMA conversion factor for Silicon (Si), dedicated calibration experiments using an Americium-Beryllium (241Am/Be) neutron standard source was carried out. Single Event Upset (SEU) influences the short-term operation of SRAM compared to the gamma induced TID effect. We are at present investigating the feasibility of an SRAM based real-time beam-loss monitor for high-energy accelerators utilizing the SEU caused by fast neutrons. This paper highlights the effects of gamma and neutron radiations on Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), placed at selected locations near the Superconducting Linear Accelerator driving the Vacuum UV Free Electron Laser (VUVFEL) of DESY.

Radiation Mitigation and Power Optimization Design Tools for Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit

Science.gov (United States)

French, Matthew; Graham, Paul; Wirthlin, Michael; Wang, Li; Larchev, Gregory

2005-01-01

The Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit (RHinO)project is focused on creating a set of design tools that facilitate and automate design techniques for reconfigurable computing in space, using SRAM-based field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) technology. In the second year of the project, design tools that leverage an established FPGA design environment have been created to visualize and analyze an FPGA circuit for radiation weaknesses and power inefficiencies. For radiation, a single event Upset (SEU) emulator, persistence analysis tool, and a half-latch removal tool for Xilinx/Virtex-II devices have been created. Research is underway on a persistence mitigation tool and multiple bit upsets (MBU) studies. For power, synthesis level dynamic power visualization and analysis tools have been completed. Power optimization tools are under development and preliminary test results are positive.

A União Bancária Europeia: seus pilares, objetivos e uma análise de sua efetividade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maxilene Soares Corrêa

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A União Bancária Europeia nasce como uma resposta às fragilidades da União Econômica e Monetária evidenciadas pela crise financeira que se instaurou em 2007. Está assentada sobre três pilares: o Mecanismo Único de Supervisão, o Mecanismo Único de Resolução e o Sistema Europeu de Garantia de Depósitos. Este escrito trata da União Bancária, partindo de considerações acerca desses três pilares. Em um segundo momento indica os principais objetivos da implementação da União Bancária, sublinhando os problemas aos quais essa visa dar resposta. Por fim, avança algumas críticas dirigidas ao modelo, realizando uma breve análise de seus pontos negativos e positivos, como forma de avaliar sua efetividade enquanto uma das respostas à crise e instrumento de prevenção de novas crises.

Event-by-event jet quenching

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fries, R.J.; Rodriguez, R.; Ramirez, E.

2010-08-14

High momentum jets and hadrons can be used as probes for the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in nuclear collisions at high energies. We investigate the influence of fluctuations in the fireball on jet quenching observables by comparing propagation of light quarks and gluons through averaged, smooth QGP fireballs with event-by-event jet quenching using realistic inhomogeneous fireballs. We find that the transverse momentum and impact parameter dependence of the nuclear modification factor R{sub AA} can be fit well in an event-by-event quenching scenario within experimental errors. However the transport coefficient {cflx q} extracted from fits to the measured nuclear modification factor R{sub AA} in averaged fireballs underestimates the value from event-by-event calculations by up to 50%. On the other hand, after adjusting {cflx q} to fit R{sub AA} in the event-by-event analysis we find residual deviations in the azimuthal asymmetry v{sub 2} and in two-particle correlations, that provide a possible faint signature for a spatial tomography of the fireball. We discuss a correlation function that is a measure for spatial inhomogeneities in a collision and can be constrained from data.

Event-by-event jet quenching

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez, R. [Cyclotron Institute and Physics Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Fries, R.J., E-mail: rjfries@comp.tamu.ed [Cyclotron Institute and Physics Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); RIKEN/BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 (United States); Ramirez, E. [Physics Department, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States)

2010-09-27

High momentum jets and hadrons can be used as probes for the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in nuclear collisions at high energies. We investigate the influence of fluctuations in the fireball on jet quenching observables by comparing propagation of light quarks and gluons through averaged, smooth QGP fireballs with event-by-event jet quenching using realistic inhomogeneous fireballs. We find that the transverse momentum and impact parameter dependence of the nuclear modification factor R{sub AA} can be fit well in an event-by-event quenching scenario within experimental errors. However the transport coefficient q extracted from fits to the measured nuclear modification factor R{sub AA} in averaged fireballs underestimates the value from event-by-event calculations by up to 50%. On the other hand, after adjusting q to fit R{sub AA} in the event-by-event analysis we find residual deviations in the azimuthal asymmetry v{sub 2} and in two-particle correlations, that provide a possible faint signature for a spatial tomography of the fireball. We discuss a correlation function that is a measure for spatial inhomogeneities in a collision and can be constrained from data.

CARREIRAS EM TRANSFORMAÇÃO E SEUS PARADOXAIS REFLEXOS NOS INDIVÍDUOS: PESQUISA DE METÁFORAS E ÂNCORAS DE CARREIRA, ASSOCIADA À REPRESENTAÇÃO DE COMPETÊNCIAS PROFISSIONAIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zélia Miranda Kilimnik

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a evolução da carreira e seus diversos significados e apresenta um estudo realizado com profissionais de Administração de empresas, suas autopercepções e aspirações (âncoras de carreira e as exigências em termos de competências profissionais. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, conjugadas com a aplicação do Inventário de Âncoras de Carreira de Edgar Schein, como etapa inicial e explorátoria de um estudo mais amplo. As trajetórias estudadas, e as metáforas e âncoras encontradas, revelaram-se exemplares de tendências atuais, como a busca pela ampliação das competências e a carreira em ziguezague, com características de autodirecionamento da carreira proteana, defrontando-se com diversas alternativas e evidenciando um postura pró-ativa. Essa metodologia permitiu o aprofundamento de questões internas dos sujeitos pesquisados, em relação ao trabalho e à carreira, possibiltando a manifestação de seus sentimentos, angústias e aspirações, assim como o repensar de suas escolhas e trajetórias profissionais, de forma livre e criativa.

Interpretações da globalização e seus reflexos na administração de empresas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabricio Quadros Borges

2014-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é o de desenvolver possibilidades de interpretação do processo de globalização de maneira a observar seus reflexos no ambiente da Administração de empresas. A globalização é um processo dotado de transformações tecnológicas, sociais, econômicas e culturais, que envolvem o aumento da comunicação e interdependência entre os países que reúnem os mercados mundiais, sociedades e culturas. Este estudo pretende questionar de que maneira estas transformações se refletiram no ambiente da Administração de empresas. A metodologia utilizou um levantamento bibliográfico e uma análise que associou a dinâmica do processo de globalização e grandes representantes do pensamento administrativo. A investigação verificou que as modificações decorrentes do processo de globalização foram absolvidas pelos modelos gerenciais conforme as demandas organizacionais e em determinadas conjunturas.

O ANTI-PSIQUÊ: REFLEXÕES SOBRE CORPOS E SEUS DUPLOS NA AMAZÔNIA

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LEIF GRÜNEWALD

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article focus on the question about how to talk about a soul without reducing it to a mere image that represents the human body. In order to do so, this thesis returns the ethnographic data on the Araweté and Yanomami peoples, to the cinema studies made by Gilles Deleuze and to the classic discussions that play an important role in current Amerindian Ethnology studies, through the texts of Tânia Stolze Lima. In doing so, this thesis proposes a reflection on different ways of thinking the notion of ‘soul’, stressing the ways it offers resistance to the stabilization, representation and condensation into a single image that stands for a body.Este ensaio parte de uma interrogação sobre como pensar uma noção de alma que não fosse redutível ao dualismo ‘corpo-substância’ e, logo, a uma imagem que é a simples figuração e a mera representação de um corpo humano. Para tanto, este ensaio revisita as etnografias araweté e yanomami e cruza seus dados com as discussões promovidas por Gilles Deleuze a respeito de outro tipo particular de imagem, a imagem cinematográfica; e por Tânia Stolze Lima sobre a noção de ponto de vista. Ao fazê-lo, este artigo finda por refletir sobre várias maneiras de conceber a ideia de alma, tendo em vista as maneiras e mecanismos que compõem e coordenam essa ideia, impedindo que ela congele enquanto uma representação de um corpo humano.

The anti-CO2 tax upsets the automotive fleets management. Car makers must adapt themselves. Deluxe cars spared. Small and medium size companies tempted by the long duration rental. At Biogen, medical visitors chose their vehicle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larmor, P.

2006-01-01

Since the beginning of the year 2006, the pollution level is now taken into consideration in the calculation of the society vehicles tax. This measure completely upsets the management and allocation rules of provided cars. Therefore, the government foresees to relax its position. Car makers will have to propose new versions of their models with pollution levels in agreement with the tax categories imposed by the new regulation. Small and medium size companies are now tempted by long duration car rental contracts. Therefore, car rental companies foresee interesting opportunities with this fiscality stiffening. This press-kit analyzes the situation from the different points of view: fleet managers, car makers, users, company managers, car hirers. (J.S.)

Assédio moral: seus impactos para os trabalhadores assediados e para os empregadores no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arthur Ramos do Nascimento

2017-07-01

Full Text Available O Assédio Moral vem ganhando destaque ao longo dos anos. Seus indícios já vêm desde os primórdios da humanidade e vem evoluindo ao longo do tempo. Com a Revolução Industrial, começou a se dissipar. Nos dias atuais sua prática apesar de não ser proibida por nenhuma lei federal, possui suas restrições como mostra o estudo que foi feito através do Código Civil, Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas, Constituição Federal de 1988, e também o Código penal entre outros projetos de lei. O presente artigo demonstra que prática do Assédio Moral, acarreta impactos para as organizações que são, como, indenizações por danos morais, imagem da organização exposta na mídia, e problemas de saúde para a vítima entre outros. Possuindo uma pesquisa bibliográfica, o presente artigo abordará o tipo de assédio moral mais comum que é o Assédio Vertical Descendente, e formas de reparação dos danos causados por suas práticas as vítimas.

Investigation of HZETRN 2010 as a Tool for Single Event Effect Qualification of Avionics Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Rojdev, Kristina; Koontz, Steve; Atwell, William; Boeder, Paul

2014-01-01

NASA's future missions are focused on long-duration deep space missions for human exploration which offers no options for a quick emergency return to Earth. The combination of long mission duration with no quick emergency return option leads to unprecedented spacecraft system safety and reliability requirements. It is important that spacecraft avionics systems for human deep space missions are not susceptible to Single Event Effect (SEE) failures caused by space radiation (primarily the continuous galactic cosmic ray background and the occasional solar particle event) interactions with electronic components and systems. SEE effects are typically managed during the design, development, and test (DD&T) phase of spacecraft development by using heritage hardware (if possible) and through extensive component level testing, followed by system level failure analysis tasks that are both time consuming and costly. The ultimate product of the SEE DD&T program is a prediction of spacecraft avionics reliability in the flight environment produced using various nuclear reaction and transport codes in combination with the component and subsystem level radiation test data. Previous work by Koontz, et al.1 utilized FLUKA, a Monte Carlo nuclear reaction and transport code, to calculate SEE and single event upset (SEU) rates. This code was then validated against in-flight data for a variety of spacecraft and space flight environments. However, FLUKA has a long run-time (on the order of days). CREME962, an easy to use deterministic code offering short run times, was also compared with FLUKA predictions and in-flight data. CREME96, though fast and easy to use, has not been updated in several years and underestimates secondary particle shower effects in spacecraft structural shielding mass. Thus, this paper will investigate the use of HZETRN 20103, a fast and easy to use deterministic transport code, similar to CREME96, that was developed at NASA Langley Research Center primarily for

Measurements of dose with individual FAMOS transistors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheick, L.Z.; McNulty, P.J.; Roth, D.R.; Davis, M.G.; Mason, B.E.

1999-12-01

A new method is described for measuring the doses absorbed by microstructures from an exposure to ionizing radiation. The decrease in the duration of UltraViolet light (UV) exposure required to erase each cell of a commercial UltraViolet erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (UVPROM) correlates with the dose absorbed by the floating gate of that transistor. This technique facilitates analysis of the microdose distribution across the array and the occurrence of Single Event Upset (SEU) like anomalous shifts due to rare large energy-deposition events.

Measurements of dose with individual FAMOS transistors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scheick, L.Z.; McNulty, P.J.; Roth, D.R.; Davis, M.G.; Mason, B.E.

1999-01-01

A new method is described for measuring the doses absorbed by microstructures from an exposure to ionizing radiation. The decrease in the duration of UltraViolet light (UV) exposure required to erase each cell of a commercial UltraViolet erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (UVPROM) correlates with the dose absorbed by the floating gate of that transistor. This technique facilitates analysis of the microdose distribution across the array and the occurrence of Single Event Upset (SEU) like anomalous shifts due to rare large energy-deposition events

Event Index - a LHCb Event Search System

CERN Document Server

INSPIRE-00392208; Kazeev, Nikita; Redkin, Artem

2015-12-23

LHC experiments generate up to $10^{12}$ events per year. This paper describes Event Index - an event search system. Event Index's primary function is quickly selecting subsets of events from a combination of conditions, such as the estimated decay channel or stripping lines output. Event Index is essentially Apache Lucene optimized for read-only indexes distributed over independent shards on independent nodes.

Event segmentation ability uniquely predicts event memory.

Science.gov (United States)

Sargent, Jesse Q; Zacks, Jeffrey M; Hambrick, David Z; Zacks, Rose T; Kurby, Christopher A; Bailey, Heather R; Eisenberg, Michelle L; Beck, Taylor M

2013-11-01

Memory for everyday events plays a central role in tasks of daily living, autobiographical memory, and planning. Event memory depends in part on segmenting ongoing activity into meaningful units. This study examined the relationship between event segmentation and memory in a lifespan sample to answer the following question: Is the ability to segment activity into meaningful events a unique predictor of subsequent memory, or is the relationship between event perception and memory accounted for by general cognitive abilities? Two hundred and eight adults ranging from 20 to 79years old segmented movies of everyday events and attempted to remember the events afterwards. They also completed psychometric ability tests and tests measuring script knowledge for everyday events. Event segmentation and script knowledge both explained unique variance in event memory above and beyond the psychometric measures, and did so as strongly in older as in younger adults. These results suggest that event segmentation is a basic cognitive mechanism, important for memory across the lifespan. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Análise da influência da geração digital no processo de decisão de compra de seus pais através da Internet

OpenAIRE

Hofmeister, Ronaldo Antonio

2001-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico A geração digital, jovens nascidos no final da década de 70 e que hoje estão envolvidos pela tecnologia digital, vem influenciando o modo como as empresas relacionam-se com seus clientes. Estamos na era do conhecimento, e isto tem afetado significativamente a sociedade, as empresas e particularmente a família. O poder não emana mais da autoridade imposta pelos pais, mas é distribuída pelo conhecimento q...

Radiation tolerant combinational logic cell

Science.gov (United States)

Maki, Gary R. (Inventor); Gambles, Jody W. (Inventor); Whitaker, Sterling (Inventor)

2009-01-01

A system has a reduced sensitivity to Single Event Upset and/or Single Event Transient(s) compared to traditional logic devices. In a particular embodiment, the system includes an input, a logic block, a bias stage, a state machine, and an output. The logic block is coupled to the input. The logic block is for implementing a logic function, receiving a data set via the input, and generating a result f by applying the data set to the logic function. The bias stage is coupled to the logic block. The bias stage is for receiving the result from the logic block and presenting it to the state machine. The state machine is coupled to the bias stage. The state machine is for receiving, via the bias stage, the result generated by the logic block. The state machine is configured to retain a state value for the system. The state value is typically based on the result generated by the logic block. The output is coupled to the state machine. The output is for providing the value stored by the state machine. Some embodiments of the invention produce dual rail outputs Q and Q'. The logic block typically contains combinational logic and is similar, in size and transistor configuration, to a conventional CMOS combinational logic design. However, only a very small portion of the circuits of these embodiments, is sensitive to Single Event Upset and/or Single Event Transients.

MODELOS INTEGRAL E DE PONTO CRÍTICO PARA ESTIMAR DANOS NO RENDIMENTO E SEUS COMPONENTES PELA MELA NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Rafael Garcés Fiallos

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Atualmente não existem estudos sobre os danos ocasionados por Rhizoctonia solani Khun [teleomorfo Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank Donk] nos componentes de rendimento do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L., pelo que o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a redução no rendimento de grãos e seus componentes de rendimento causados pela infecção natural de mela, em diferentes materiais genéticos de feijão, na safra agrícola de verão 2011, no município de Quevedo, Los Rios, Equador. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Utilizou-se as linhas Cf4 0-0-2-1, Cf6 0-0-4-9, Cf6 0-0-4-8, SER 03 e SER 08, e duas variedades estrangeiras FTS Soberano e BRS Valente. Foram quantificadas a incidência (% e severidade em percentagem e número de lesões folíolo-1, sendo esses valores obtidos integralizados na área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD. Também foi quantificado o número de lesões folíolo-1 durante os estágios reprodutivos R7 e R8. Após a colheita, foi quantificado o número de nós, vagens e grãos por planta e de grãos por vagem por planta, assim como rendimento (kg ha-1. Para estimar os danos causados pela doença foram utilizados os modelos de ponto crítico e integral, realizando a análise de regressão entre a intensidade da doença (variáveis independentes, e o rendimento de grãos e seus componentes (variáveis dependentes, obtendo-se as equações da função de dano. Os resultados da presente pesquisa mostraram que os modelos de ponto crítico e integral são uma ferramenta importante para estimar danos pela mela nos componentes de rendimento, sendo mais evidente no número de grãos por plantas (p<0.01.

Radiation induced Single Event Effects in the ATLAS MDT-ASD front-end chip

CERN Document Server

Posch, C

2002-01-01

Single Event Effect (SEE) tests of the MDT-ASD, the ATLAS MDT front-end chip have been performed at the Harvard Cyclotron Lab. The MDT-ASD is an 8-channel drift tube read-out ASIC fabricated in a commercial 0.5um CMOS process (AMOS14TB). The chip contains a 53 bit register which holds the setup information and an associated shift register of the same length plus some additional control logic. 10 test devices were exposed to a 160 MeV proton beam with a fluence of 1.05E9 p.cm-2.s-1 up to >4.4E p.cm-2 per device. After a total fluence of 4.46E13 p.cm-2, 7 soft SEEs (non-permanent bit flips in the registers) and 0 hard/destructive SEE (e.g. latch-ups, SEL) had occurred. The simulated fluence for 10 years of LHC operation at nominal luminosity for worst case location MDT components is 2.67E11 h.cm-2. The rate of SEUs in the ASD setup register for all of ATLAS, derived from these numbers, is 2.4 per day. It is foreseen to update the active registers of the on-detector electronics at regular intervals. Depending on...

Use of nuclear data for space and aeronautic designs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palau, M.C.; Carriere, Th.; Buard, B.; Weulersse, C.; Saigne, F.; Wrobel, F.

2008-01-01

Until recently, the effects of radiation environment on on-board electronics on launchers and aircraft had not been seriously taken into account. The situation has changed. And one of the most significant effects observed on on-board electronics is what we call Single Event Upset (SEU). This talk explains how the combination of electrical sensitivity of components and nuclear physics is important in the calculation of SEU rates, and emphasizes the aspects of nuclear physics useful to give the probability for a dangerous event to occur. Some circumvention methods will be rapidly identified. (authors)

Use of nuclear data for space and aeronautic designs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palau, M.C.; Carriere, Th. [Astrium ST, 78 - Les Mureaux (France); Buard, B.; Weulersse, C. [EADS IN, 92 - Suresnes (France); Saigne, F. [CEM2, 34 - Montpellier (France); Wrobel, F. [Nice Univ., LPES (France)

2008-07-01

Until recently, the effects of radiation environment on on-board electronics on launchers and aircraft had not been seriously taken into account. The situation has changed. And one of the most significant effects observed on on-board electronics is what we call Single Event Upset (SEU). This talk explains how the combination of electrical sensitivity of components and nuclear physics is important in the calculation of SEU rates, and emphasizes the aspects of nuclear physics useful to give the probability for a dangerous event to occur. Some circumvention methods will be rapidly identified. (authors)

Estimate of radiation damage to low-level electronics of the RF system in the LHC cavities arising from beam gas collisions.

Science.gov (United States)

Butterworth, A; Ferrari, A; Tsoulou, E; Vlachoudis, V; Wijnands, T

2005-01-01

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to estimate the radiation damage induced by high-energy hadrons in the digital electronics of the RF low-level systems in the LHC cavities. High-energy hadrons are generated when the proton beams interact with the residual gas. The contributions from various elements-vacuum chambers, cryogenic cavities, wideband pickups and cryomodule beam tubes-have been considered individually, with each contribution depending on the gas composition and density. The probability of displacement damage and single event effects (mainly single event upsets) is derived for the LHC start-up conditions.

Optimising and Predicting Performance of Industrial Filtrations using Process Data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

David Bähner, Franz; Santacoloma, Paloma A.; Abildskov, Jens

2017-01-01

Industrial cake filtration is non-trivial from an operational point of view. Discrete events such as the removal of filter cake occur on a frequent but irregular basis. These events tend to upset the steady state of the incorporating line, which may constrain plantwide optimisation. A case study...... has been carried out with an industrial partner where changes in the biological feedstock act as strong disturbances on a series of manually reinitialised dead-end pressure leaf filters. This renders production planning a challenging task which,so far, is carried out by experienced operators. We look...

A política da Igreja Universal e seus reflexos nos campos religioso e político brasileiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oro Ari Pedro

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto versa sobre a inserção da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD na política nacional e seus efeitos nos campos religioso e político. Em razão da eficácia de seu carisma institucional, a Universal procedeu, dentro do próprio grupo religioso, a uma ressemantização do ato de votar em particular e da percepção da política em geral, inscrevendo-os em sua lógica religiosa. Isso é uma importante chave explicativa para o elevado grau de fidelidade de votos e o êxito político cada vez maior constatado nas últimas eleições. Ademais, a prática política da Universal está produzindo um efeito mimético em outra igrejas evangélicas, que tendem a imitar seu modelo de fazer política. Sua inserção política, sobretudo por intermédio do Partido Liberal, não passa despercebida pelos partidos, constituindo-se, assim, em um ator relevante na atual conjuntura política brasileira.

Corpos estranhos, mas não esquecidos: representações de mulheres e homens sobre seus corpos feridos

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Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Estudo qualitativo, cujo objetivo foi apreender e analisar as representações sobre o corpo ferido, e em que foram colhidos, através da entrevista em profundidade, depoimentos de dezoito adultos, feridos crônicos, usuários de ambulatório de cuidado a pessoas com feridas de um hospital público na cidade de Salvador-BA. A partir da Análise de Conteúdo Temática, emergiram as seguintes categorias relativas ao corpo ferido: é um estranho que promove sofrimento; é constantemente vigiado; é rejeitado; é prisioneiro; está vulnerável à violência; exige cuidado especial e, é um corpo em luto. Essas representações firmam-se em imagens negativas e de sofrimento, e evidenciam que o corpo ferido, muito diferente do corpo idealizado, promove sentimentos contraditórios e autodepreciativos. Os resultados revelaram que as pessoas com feridas crônicas estranham seus próprios corpos, experimentam sentimentos negativos acerca de sua imagem, e mobilizam alternativas de autocuidado e de apresentação pessoal, distintas das acionadas antes da cronificação.

Event dependent sampling of recurrent events

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kvist, Tine Kajsa; Andersen, Per Kragh; Angst, Jules

2010-01-01

The effect of event-dependent sampling of processes consisting of recurrent events is investigated when analyzing whether the risk of recurrence increases with event count. We study the situation where processes are selected for study if an event occurs in a certain selection interval. Motivation...... retrospective and prospective disease course histories are used. We examine two methods to correct for the selection depending on which data are used in the analysis. In the first case, the conditional distribution of the process given the pre-selection history is determined. In the second case, an inverse...

O triângulo da formação docente: seus jogadores e configurações The triangle of teacher education: its players and configurations

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Flavia Medeiros Sarti

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem por tema a formação dos professores que atuam nos anos iniciais da educação básica, considerando-a como um jogo que assume diferentes configurações em função das relações estabelecidas entre seus jogadores. Essas relações são analisadas por meio de um esquema de triangulação, aqui denominado como triângulo da formação docente. Cada um dos três vértices desse triângulo é ocupado por agentes que, a partir de seus capitais específicos, localizam-se em lugares desiguais no campo da formação docente: os professores e as instâncias que os representam; as universidades, fundações e institutos de pesquisa, com seus especialistas; e o poder público, representado por secretarias de educação e outros órgãos administrativos. Relações privilegiadas entre dois vértices do triângulo da formação docente apontam para diferentes modelos formativos. Explorando esse triângulo como um recurso de análise, o artigo focaliza as configurações assumidas pelo jogo da formação docente na versão brasileira do movimento ora em curso de universitarização do magistério. Atenção especial é conferida ao lugar que os professores atuantes nos anos iniciais da educação básica ocupam nesse jogo, às relações que eles estabelecem com os demais jogadores e, também, às possibilidades que têm de subverter e alterar o jogo em andamento.The article has as its theme the education of teachers working at the initial series of basic education, regarding it as a game that takes on different configurations as a function of the relations established among its players. These relations are analyzed through a triangulation scheme, here denominated the triangle of teacher education. Each vertex of this triangle is occupied by agents that, based on their specific capitals, are placed in uneven locations within the field of teacher education: the teachers and the bodies that represent them; the universities, foundations and

Event Shape Sorting: selecting events with similar evolution

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Tomášik Boris

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We present novel method for the organisation of events. The method is based on comparing event-by-event histograms of a chosen quantity Q that is measured for each particle in every event. The events are organised in such a way that those with similar shape of the Q-histograms end-up placed close to each other. We apply the method on histograms of azimuthal angle of the produced hadrons in ultrarelativsitic nuclear collisions. By selecting events with similar azimuthal shape of their hadron distribution one chooses events which are likely that they underwent similar evolution from the initial state to the freeze-out. Such events can more easily be compared to theoretical simulations where all conditions can be controlled. We illustrate the method on data simulated by the AMPT model.

Nano controllers characterization under radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bezerra, F.; Barde, S.; Carayon, J.L.; Sarthou, M.

1999-01-01

4 commercial nano-controllers (PIC16LC84, PIC16C73A, PIC16C76 and ST62E25) from MICROCHIP and SGS-Thomson have been characterized under heavy-ions, protons and total dose. The preliminary results show that PIC16LC84 has to be banned from the selection because it can not sustain high cumulated dose (its Idd begins to shift at 6 krads) and that its E 2 PROM code memory is too sensitive to SEU (single event upset). The 3 PICs have been tested with heavy-ions, the results show that they are sensible to upsets and latch-up, nevertheless no latch-up has been observed under proton irradiation. The sensitivity to latch-up does not matter a lot because PICs consume very little and it is planned to implement them in a tolerant design. (A.C.)

Event generators for address event representation transmitters

Science.gov (United States)

Serrano-Gotarredona, Rafael; Serrano-Gotarredona, Teresa; Linares Barranco, Bernabe

2005-06-01

Address Event Representation (AER) is an emergent neuromorphic interchip communication protocol that allows for real-time virtual massive connectivity between huge number neurons located on different chips. By exploiting high speed digital communication circuits (with nano-seconds timings), synaptic neural connections can be time multiplexed, while neural activity signals (with mili-seconds timings) are sampled at low frequencies. Also, neurons generate 'events' according to their activity levels. More active neurons generate more events per unit time, and access the interchip communication channel more frequently, while neurons with low activity consume less communication bandwidth. In a typical AER transmitter chip, there is an array of neurons that generate events. They send events to a peripheral circuitry (let's call it "AER Generator") that transforms those events to neurons coordinates (addresses) which are put sequentially on an interchip high speed digital bus. This bus includes a parallel multi-bit address word plus a Rqst (request) and Ack (acknowledge) handshaking signals for asynchronous data exchange. There have been two main approaches published in the literature for implementing such "AER Generator" circuits. They differ on the way of handling event collisions coming from the array of neurons. One approach is based on detecting and discarding collisions, while the other incorporates arbitration for sequencing colliding events . The first approach is supposed to be simpler and faster, while the second is able to handle much higher event traffic. In this article we will concentrate on the second arbiter-based approach. Boahen has been publishing several techniques for implementing and improving the arbiter based approach. Originally, he proposed an arbitration squeme by rows, followed by a column arbitration. In this scheme, while one neuron was selected by the arbiters to transmit his event out of the chip, the rest of neurons in the array were

Chronic Stress is Prospectively Associated with Sleep in Midlife Women: The SWAN Sleep Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Martica H; Casement, Melynda D; Troxel, Wendy M; Matthews, Karen A; Bromberger, Joyce T; Kravitz, Howard M; Krafty, Robert T; Buysse, Daniel J

2015-10-01

Evaluate whether levels of upsetting life events measured over a 9-y period prospectively predict subjective and objective sleep outcomes in midlife women. Prospective cohort study. Four sites across the United States. 330 women (46-57 y of age) enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep Study. N/A. Upsetting life events were assessed annually for up to 9 y. Trajectory analysis applied to life events data quantitatively identified three distinct chronic stress groups: low stress, moderate stress, and high stress. Sleep was assessed by self-report and in-home polysomnography (PSG) during the ninth year of the study. Multivariate analyses tested the prospective association between chronic stress group and sleep, adjusting for race, baseline sleep complaints, marital status, body mass index, symptoms of depression, and acute life events at the time of the Sleep Study. Women characterized by high chronic stress had lower subjective sleep quality, were more likely to report insomnia, and exhibited increased PSG-assessed wake after sleep onset (WASO) relative to women with low to moderate chronic stress profiles. The effect of chronic stress group on WASO persisted in the subsample of participants without baseline sleep complaints. Chronic stress is prospectively associated with sleep disturbance in midlife women, even after adjusting for acute stressors at the time of the sleep study and other factors known to disrupt sleep. These results are consistent with current models of stress that emphasize the cumulative effect of stressors on health over time. © 2015 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.

Highly focused ion beams in integrated circuit testing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horn, K.M.; Dodd, P.E.; Doyle, B.L.

1996-01-01

The nuclear microprobe has proven to be a useful tool in radiation testing of integrated circuits. This paper reviews single event upset (SEU) and ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) imaging techniques, with special attention to damage-dependent effects. Comparisons of IBICC measurements with three-dimensional charge transport simulations of charge collection are then presented for isolated p-channel field effect transistors under conducting and non-conducting bias conditions

"Why" or "how": the effect of concrete versus abstract processing on intrusive memories following analogue trauma

OpenAIRE

White, R; Wild, J

2016-01-01

Emergency service workers, military personnel, and journalists working in conflict zones are regularly exposed to trauma as part of their jobs and suffer higher rates of posttraumatic stress compared with the general population. These individuals often know that they will be exposed to trauma and therefore have the opportunity to adopt potentially protective cognitive strategies. One cognitive strategy linked to better mood and recovery from upsetting events is concrete information processing...

Total dose and dose rate radiation characterization of EPI-CMOS radiation hardened memory and microprocessor devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gingerich, B.L.; Hermsen, J.M.; Lee, J.C.; Schroeder, J.E.

1984-01-01

The process, circuit discription, and total dose radiation characteristics are presented for two second generation hardened 4K EPI-CMOS RAMs and a first generation 80C85 microprocessor. Total dose radiation performance is presented to 10M rad-Si and effects of biasing and operating conditions are discussed. The dose rate sensitivity of the 4K RAMs is also presented along with single event upset (SEU) test data

Formation and Decay of the Inner Electron Radiation Belt

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-09

a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 09-01-2017 2. REPORT TYPE...radiation belt: CRAND and trapped solar protons......17 APPENDIX C - Inward diffusion and loss of radiation belt protons...transfer orbit that can be damaged by the intense charged -particle environment. Protons are the prominent hazard, often causing single event upsets in

Brasil, 2015: como a presidenta, seu partido, seus eleitores e seu governo podem ser conceptualizados em rede social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariadne Domingues Almeida

2016-12-01

Full Text Available São apresentados resultados de um estudo realizado sobre o modo como a presidenta Dilma Rousseff, seu partido, seus eleitores e seu governo foram conceptualizados em um meme postado na página Movimento Contra Corrupção constante da rede social online Facebook. O estudo foi norteado pelos aportes teórico-metodológicos da Linguística Cognitiva. Como a conceptualização é um fenômeno complexo, foram associados conhecimentos adquiridos pela Linguística Cognitiva a saberes elaboradospela Teoria da Complexidade. Foram desenvolvidas reflexões sobre mapeamentos metafóricos e metonímicos, estruturados por esquemas imagéticos no âmbito dessa conceptualização. Ao final dos trabalhos, foi verificado o papel da interconexão entre o imagético e o verbal na geração de sentido, bem como foi observado que, na multimodalidade, o todo é mais do que a soma de suas partes, assim como o todo é menos do que a soma de suas partes.Palavras-chave: Conceptualização. Linguística Cognitiva. Teoria da Complexidade. Multimodalidade. Meme.

Magnetic structure and microstructure of die-upset hard magnets RE13.75Fe80.25B6 (RE=Nd, Pr): A possible origin of high coercivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkov, V.V.; Zhu, Y.

1999-01-01

In situ transmission electron microscopy magnetizing experiments combined with Lorentz magnetic microscopy in Fresnel endash Foucault modes were used to characterize the magnetic structure of die-upset, high energy-product hard magnets Nd 13.75 Fe 80.25 B 6 and Pr 13.75 Fe 80.25 B 6 . Experimental observations indicate a well-aligned grain structure and quasiperiodic nonaligned open-quotes extended defectclose quotes layers transverse to press direction. The local remanence of the open-quotes defectclose quotes layers is far from saturation when the external field is removed. The layers are enriched with inclusions of approximate composition Nd 7 Fe 3 , generally with a polygonal shape, and are associated with the original ribbon interfaces. They may be responsible for a high coercivity mechanism, since the motion of reverse domains can be impeded by these layers, even when they are nucleated. Thus, a delayed nucleation of reversed domains seems to be a limiting factor for magnetization reversal and coercivity force. Both Lorentz magnetic imaging and high-resolution microscopy highlight the role of magnetocrystalline anisotropy for domain wall-grain boundary interactions and pinning. Local remanence was estimated directly from magnetic moment sensitive Foucault images. copyright 1999 American Institute of Physics

Lepidopterans and their parasitoids on okra plants in Riberão Preto (SP, Brazil Lepidópteros e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogéria Inês Rosa Lara

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to identify the defoliating lepidopterans and their parasitoids occurring on okra plants in the district of Riberão Preto city (SP. Brazil. Caterpillars were collected by hand from an experimental field of okra, in March and April, 2009. They were placed individually on Petri dishes lined with wet filter paper, containing shredded okra leaves, and kept in a climactic chamber (25±1°C, 12:12h light/dark photoperiod, RH 70±10% until the emergence of lepidopterans and/or parasitoids. In all, 63 lepidopterans were obtained: three species of Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker; one of Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, and an unidentified species of Tortricidae. One unidentified tachinid fly (Diptera and the Hymenoptera parasitoids Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead (Encyrtidae and Euplectrus sp. (Eulophidae emerged from A. flava, while C. floridanum and an unidentified tachinid, from P. includens. This is the first report of an association between the herbivores S. frugiperda, P. includens and A. monuste orceis, the parasitoids C. floridanum and Euplectrus sp. on okra plants.Este estudo objetivou identificar lepidópteros desfolhadores e seus parasitoides em cultura de quiabo em Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. As lagartas foram coletadas através de catação manual entre março e abril de 2009, individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido contendo pedaços de folhas de quiabo e mantidas sob condições controladas (25±1°C, 12 horas de fotofase, 70±10% de UR até a obtenção dos adultos de lepidópteros e/ou de seus parasitoides. Foram obtidos 63 adultos de lepidópteros: três espécies de Noctuidae, Anomis flava (Fabricius, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, uma de Pieridae, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart e uma de Tortricidae não identificada. Uma espécie não identificada de taquinídeo (Diptera e os

SENTINEL EVENTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrej Robida

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Background. The Objective of the article is a two year statistics on sentinel events in hospitals. Results of a survey on sentinel events and the attitude of hospital leaders and staff are also included. Some recommendations regarding patient safety and the handling of sentinel events are given.Methods. In March 2002 the Ministry of Health introduce a voluntary reporting system on sentinel events in Slovenian hospitals. Sentinel events were analyzed according to the place the event, its content, and root causes. To show results of the first year, a conference for hospital directors and medical directors was organized. A survey was conducted among the participants with the purpose of gathering information about their view on sentinel events. One hundred questionnaires were distributed.Results. Sentinel events. There were 14 reports of sentinel events in the first year and 7 in the second. In 4 cases reports were received only after written reminders were sent to the responsible persons, in one case no reports were obtained. There were 14 deaths, 5 of these were in-hospital suicides, 6 were due to an adverse event, 3 were unexplained. Events not leading to death were a suicide attempt, a wrong side surgery, a paraplegia after spinal anaesthesia, a fall with a femoral neck fracture, a damage of the spleen in the event of pleural space drainage, inadvertent embolization with absolute alcohol into a femoral artery and a physical attack on a physician by a patient. Analysis of root causes of sentinel events showed that in most cases processes were inadequate.Survey. One quarter of those surveyed did not know about the sentinel events reporting system. 16% were having actual problems when reporting events and 47% beleived that there was an attempt to blame individuals. Obstacles in reporting events openly were fear of consequences, moral shame, fear of public disclosure of names of participants in the event and exposure in mass media. The majority of

Charge collection and SEU mechanisms

Science.gov (United States)

Musseau, O.

1994-01-01

In the interaction of cosmic ions with microelectronic devices a dense electron-hole plasma is created along the ion track. Carriers are separated and transported by the electric field and under the action of the concentration gradient. The subsequent collection of these carriers induces a transient current at some electrical node of the device. This "ionocurrent" (single ion induced current) acts as any electrical perturbation in the device, propagating in the circuit and inducing failures. In bistable systems (registers, memories) the stored data can be upset. In clocked devices (microprocessors) the parasitic perturbation may propagate through the device to the outputs. This type of failure only effects the information, and do not degrade the functionally of the device. The purpose of this paper is to review the mechanisms of single event upset in microelectronic devices. Experimental and theoretical results are presented, and actual questions and problems are discussed. A brief introduction recalls the creation of the dense plasma of electron-hole pairs. The basic processes for charge collection in a simple np junction (drift and diffusion) are presented. The funneling-field effect is discussed and experimental results are compared to numerical simulations and semi-empirical models. Charge collection in actual microelectronic structures is then presented. Due to the parasitic elements, coupling effects are observed. Geometrical effects, in densely packed structures, results in multiple errors. Electronic couplings are due to the carriers in excess, acting as minority carriers, that trigger parasitic bipolar transistors. Single event upset of memory cells is discussed, based on numerical and experimental data. The main parameters for device characterization are presented. From the physical interpretation of charge collection mechanisms, the intrinsic sensitivity of various microelectronic technologies is determined and compared to experimental data. Scaling laws

Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Raedt, H. De; Raedt, K. De; Michielsen, K.; Landau, DP; Lewis, SP; Schuttler, HB

2006-01-01

In various basic experiments in quantum physics, observations are recorded event-by-event. The final outcome of such experiments can be computed according to the rules of quantum theory but quantum theory does not describe single events. In this paper, we describe a stimulation approach that does

Conhecimento de idosos sobre seus direitos Conocimiento de los ancianos sobre sus derechos Knowledge of the elderly about their rights

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maristela Santini Martins

2010-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Identificar o conhecimento de idosos sobre seus direitos e se consideram que esses direitos são respeitados. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa e com coleta de dados prospectiva, através de entrevista. A amostra, composta por 63 idosos, foi probabilística, aleatória e estratificada por sexo e idade. RESULTADOS: Os direitos dos idosos eram conhecidos por 49,2% dos entrevistados. Dentre estes, os mais citados foram a gratuidade no transporte (50,0%, a prioridade no atendimento (38,1% e existência de assentos preferenciais nos meios de transporte (28,6%. Quanto ao respeito a esses direitos, 25,0% acreditavam que são respeitados e 44,4% que são respeitados parcialmente. CONCLUSÃO: A metade dos idosos entrevistados conhecia seus direitos e referiram que esses nem sempre são respeitados.OBJETIVOS: Identificar el conocimiento de los ancianos sobre sus derechos y evaluar si consideran que esos derechos son respetados. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva, con abordaje cuantitativo y recolección de datos prospectiva a través de entrevistas. La muestra, compuesta por 63 ancianos, fue probabilística, aleatoria y estratificada por género y edad. RESULTADOS: Los derechos de los ancianos fueron conocidos por 49,2% de los entrevistados. Entre los derechos, los más citados fueron la gratuidad en el transporte (50,0%, la prioridad en la atención (38,1% y la existencia de asientos preferenciales en los medios de transporte (28,6%. En cuanto al respeto a esos derechos, 25,0% creía que eran respetados y 44,4% que eran respetados parcialmente. CONCLUSIÓN: La mitad de los ancianos entrevistados conocían sus derechos y refirieron que estos no siempre fueron respetados.OBJECTIVES: To identify the knowledge of elderly people about their rights, and to assess whether they consider that these rights ware respected. METHODS: Exploratory and descriptive study with quantitative

Methods and tools for the evaluation of the sensitivity to natural radiations of advanced integrated circuits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peronnard, P.

2009-10-01

Atmospheric neutrons, whose fluxes and energies dependent on the altitude, the sun activity and the geographic coordinates, have been identified as being capable to provoke SEE (Single Event Effects), by indirect ionisation, in integrated devices issued from advanced manufacturing processes (nano-metric devices). This concerns not only avionics but also applications operating at ground level. The evaluation of the sensitivity to SEE provoked by natural radiation becomes thus a mandatory step during the selection of devices devoted to be included in applications requiring high reliability. The sensitivity to SEE can be mitigated by different approaches at different levels from manufacturing level (use of particular process technologies such as SOI - Silicon On Isolator -) to the system level (hardware/software redundancy). Independently of the adopted hardening approach, the so-called radiation ground testing are mandatory to evaluate the error rates of a device or a system. During such tests, the DUT (Device Under Test) is exposed to a flux of particles while it performs a given activity. For SEU (Single Event Upsets) radiation ground testing, two main strategies exist: static test: the circuit areas which are supposed to be sensitive to SEUs (registers, memories,...) are initialized with a reference pattern. The content of the sensitive area is periodically compared to the reference pattern to identify potential SEU. Dynamic test: the DUT performs an activity representative of the one it will execute during the final application. Static test: strategies are frequently adopted as they provide the intrinsic sensitivity, in terms of the average number of particles needed to provoke an SEU, of different sensitive areas of the device. From such a strategy can thus be obtained a 'worst case estimation' of the device sensitivity. This thesis aims at giving a description and validating the methodologies required to estimate the sensitivity to radiations of two types of

Estimate of radiation damage to low-level electronics of the RF system in the LHC cavities arising from beam gas collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butterworth, A.; Ferrari, A.; Tsoulou, E.; Vlachoudis, V.; Wijnands, T.

2005-01-01

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to estimate the radiation damage induced by high-energy hadrons in the digital electronics of the RF low-level systems in the LHC cavities. High-energy hadrons are generated when the proton beams interact with the residual gas. The contributions from various elements - vacuum chambers, cryogenic cavities, wideband pickups and cryo-module beam tubes - have been considered individually, with each contribution depending on the gas composition and density. The probability of displacement damage and single event effects (mainly single event upsets) is derived for the LHC start-up conditions. (authors)

The manufacture of system for testing static random access memory radiation effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Rui; Yang Chen

2008-01-01

Space radiation effects will lead to single event upset, event latch up and other phenomena in SRAM devices. This paper introduces the hardware, software composition and related testing technology of SRAM radiation effect testing device. Through to the SRAM chip current detection and power protection, it has solved the SRAM chip damage question in the SRAM experiment. It has accessed to the expected experimental data by using the device in different source of radiation conducted on SRAM Experimental study of radiation effects. It provides important references in the assessment of operational life and reinforcement of the memory carried in the satellites. (authors)

Estimate of neutrons event-by-event in DREAM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hauptman, John

2009-01-01

We have measured the contribution of neutrons to hadronic showers in the DREAM module event-by-event as a means to estimate the event-by-event fluctuations in binding energy losses by hadrons as they break up nuclei of the Cu absorber. We make a preliminary assessment of the consequences for hadronic energy resolution in dual-readout calorimeters.

Dissertation: Precompound Emission of Energetic Light Fragments in Spallation Reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kerby, Leslie Marie [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2015-08-04

Emission of light fragments (LF) from nuclear reactions is an open question. Different reaction mechanisms contribute to their production; the relative roles of each, and how they change with incident energy, mass number of the target, and the type and emission energy of the fragments is not completely understood. None of the available models are able to accurately predict emission of LF from arbitrary reactions. However, the ability to describe production of LF (especially at energies ≳ 30 MeV) from many reactions is important for different applications, such as cosmic-ray-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs), radiation protection, and cancer therapy with proton and heavy-ion beams, to name just a few. The Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) version 03.03 and the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String Model (LAQGSM) version 03.03 event generators in Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code version 6 (MCNP6) describe quite well the spectra of fragments with sizes up to ⁴He across a broad range of target masses and incident energies (up to ~ 5 GeV for CEM and up to ~ 1 TeV/A for LAQGSM). However, they do not predict the high energy tails of LF spectra heavier than ⁴He well. Most LF with energies above several tens of MeV are emitted during the precompound stage of a reaction. The current versions of the CEM and LAQGSM event generators do not account for precompound emission of LF larger than ⁴He. The aim of our work is to extend the precompound model in them to include such processes, leading to an increase of predictive power of LF-production in MCNP6. This entails upgrading the Modified Exciton Model currently used at the preequilibrium stage in CEM and LAQGSM. It also includes expansion and examination of the coalescence and Fermi break-up models used in the precompound stages of spallation reactions within CEM and LAQGSM. Extending our models to include emission of fragments heavier than ⁴He at the precompound stage has indeed provided results that have much

Soft error rate estimations of the Kintex-7 FPGA within the ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) Calorimeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wirthlin, M J; Harding, A; Takai, H

2014-01-01

This paper summarizes the radiation testing performed on the Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA in an effort to determine if the Kintex-7 can be used within the ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) Calorimeter. The Kintex-7 device was tested with wide-spectrum neutrons, protons, heavy-ions, and mixed high-energy hadron environments. The results of these tests were used to estimate the configuration ram and block ram upset rate within the ATLAS LAr. These estimations suggest that the configuration memory will upset at a rate of 1.1 × 10 −10 upsets/bit/s and the bram memory will upset at a rate of 9.06 × 10 −11 upsets/bit/s. For the Kintex 7K325 device, this translates to 6.85 × 10 −3 upsets/device/s for configuration memory and 1.49 × 10 −3 for block memory

Event Investigation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korosec, D.

2000-01-01

The events in the nuclear industry are investigated from the license point of view and from the regulatory side too. It is well known the importance of the event investigation. One of the main goals of such investigation is to prevent the circumstances leading to the event and the consequences of the event. The protection of the nuclear workers against nuclear hazard, and the protection of general public against dangerous effects of an event could be achieved by systematic approach to the event investigation. Both, the nuclear safety regulatory body and the licensee shall ensure that operational significant events are investigated in a systematic and technically sound manner to gather information pertaining to the probable causes of the event. One of the results should be appropriate feedback regarding the lessons of the experience to the regulatory body, nuclear industry and general public. In the present paper a general description of systematic approach to the event investigation is presented. The systematic approach to the event investigation works best where cooperation is present among the different divisions of the nuclear facility or regulatory body. By involving management and supervisors the safety office can usually improve their efforts in the whole process. The end result shall be a program which serves to prevent events and reduce the time and efforts solving the root cause which initiated each event. Selection of the proper method for the investigation and an adequate review of the findings and conclusions lead to the higher level of the overall nuclear safety. (author)

Hydrotreater/Distillation Column Hazard Analysis Report Rev. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lowry, Peter P. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Wagner, Katie A. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

2016-04-15

This project Hazard and Risk Analysis Report contains the results of several hazard analyses and risk assessments. An initial assessment was conducted in 2012, which included a multi-step approach ranging from design reviews to a formal What-If hazard analysis. A second What-If hazard analysis was completed during February 2013 to evaluate the operation of the hydrotreater/distillation column processes to be installed in a process enclosure within the Process Development Laboratory West (PDL-West) facility located on the PNNL campus. The qualitative analysis included participation of project and operations personnel and applicable subject matter experts. The analysis identified potential hazardous scenarios, each based on an initiating event coupled with a postulated upset condition. The unmitigated consequences of each hazardous scenario were generally characterized as a process upset; the exposure of personnel to steam, vapors or hazardous material; a spray or spill of hazardous material; the creation of a flammable atmosphere; or an energetic release from a pressure boundary.

Neutron induced permanent damage in Josephson junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, G.P.; Rosen, M.

1982-01-01

14 MeV neutron induced permanent changes in the critical current density of Josephson junctions due to displacement damage in the junction barrier are estimated using a worst case model and the binary collision simulation code MARLOWE. No likelihood of single event hard upsets is found in this model. It is estimated that a fluence of 10 18 -10 19 neutrons/cm 2 are required to change the critical current density by 5%

submitter Methodologies for the Statistical Analysis of Memory Response to Radiation

CERN Document Server

Bosser, Alexandre L; Tsiligiannis, Georgios; Frost, Christopher D; Zadeh, Ali; Jaatinen, Jukka; Javanainen, Arto; Puchner, Helmut; Saigne, Frederic; Virtanen, Ari; Wrobel, Frederic; Dilillo, Luigi

2016-01-01

Methodologies are proposed for in-depth statistical analysis of Single Event Upset data. The motivation for using these methodologies is to obtain precise information on the intrinsic defects and weaknesses of the tested devices, and to gain insight on their failure mechanisms, at no additional cost. The case study is a 65 nm SRAM irradiated with neutrons, protons and heavy ions. This publication is an extended version of a previous study [1].

Self-Testing Computer Memory

Science.gov (United States)

Chau, Savio, N.; Rennels, David A.

1988-01-01

Memory system for computer repeatedly tests itself during brief, regular interruptions of normal processing of data. Detects and corrects transient faults as single-event upsets (changes in bits due to ionizing radiation) within milliseconds after occuring. Self-testing concept surpasses conventional by actively flushing latent defects out of memory and attempting to correct before accumulating beyond capacity for self-correction or detection. Cost of improvement modest increase in complexity of circuitry and operating time.

Insulated pipe clamp design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, M.J.; Hyde, L.L.; Wagner, S.E.; Severud, L.K.

1980-01-01

Thin wall large diameter piping for breeder reactor plants can be subjected to significant thermal shocks during reactor scrams and other upset events. On the Fast Flux Test Facility, the addition of thick clamps directly on the piping was undesired because the differential metal temperatures between the pipe wall and the clamp could have significantly reduced the pipe thermal fatigue life cycle capabilities. Accordingly, an insulated pipe clamp design concept was developed. 5 refs

Mortes de mulheres internadas para parto e por aborto e de seus conceptos em maternidades públicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pauline Lorena Kale

Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar mortes de mulheres internadas para parto e por aborto, e de seus conceptos – fetais e neonatais – em maternidades públicas nas cidades de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Niterói (RJ, em 2011. Estudo seccional de base hospitalar. Participaram 7.845 mulheres resultando em um óbito materno, 498 abortos, 65 óbitos fetais, 44 óbitos neonatais e 7.291 sobreviventes infantis. Dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista, consulta ao prontuário, cartão da gestante e no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM. Foi descrita a população de estudo e estimados a concordância da causa básica (SIM e certificada pela pesquisa e os indicadores de mortalidade. A mortalidade materna foi 13,6 por cem mil nascidos vivos (NV, fetal 8,8‰ nascimentos e neonatal 6,0‰ NV. Misoprostol foi o medicamento mais utilizado no aborto provocado. Transtornos respiratórios e fatores maternos foram as principais causas entre óbitos fetais e neonatais. Sífilis congênita, diabetes e causas de morte fetal não especificada foram subdeclaradas no SIM. Os coeficientes kappa por capítulo foram 0,70 (neonatais e 0,54 (natimortos. A assistência de boa qualidade no planejamento reprodutivo, pré-natal, durante o parto e nascimento resultará na prevenção das mortes.

Event-by-event fluctuations at SPS

CERN Document Server

Appelshauser, Harald; Adamova, D.; Agakichiev, G.; Belaga, V.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Castillo, A.; Cherlin, A.; Damjanovic, S.; Dietel, T.; Dietrich, L.; Drees, A.; Esumi, S.I.; Filimonov, K.; Fomenko, K.; Fraenkel, Z.; Garabatos, C.; Glassel, P.; Hering, G.; Holeczek, J.; Kushpil, V.; Lenkeit, B.; Ludolphs, W.; Maas, A.; Marn, A.; Milosevic, J.; Milov, A.; Miskowiec, D.; Panebrattsev, Yu.; Petchenova, O.; Petracek, V.; Pfeiffer, A.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Rehak, P.; Schmitz, W.; Schukraft, J.; Sedykh, S.; Shimansky, S.; Slvova, J.; Stachel, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tilsner, H.; Tserruya, Itzhak; Wessels, J.P.; Wienold, T.; Windelband, B.; Wurm, J.P.; Xie, W.; Yurevich, S.; Yurevich, V.; Appelshauser, Harald; Sako, Hiro

2005-01-01

Results on event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and net charge in Pb-Au collisions, measured by the CERES Collaboration at CERN-SPS, are presented. We discuss the centrality and beam energy dependence and compare our data to cascade calculations.

Optically-based Sensor System for Critical Nuclear Facilities Post-Event Seismic Structural Assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McCallen, David [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Petrone, Floriana [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Buckle, Ian [Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States); Wu, Suiwen [Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States); Coates, Jason [California State Univ., Chico, CA (United States)

2017-09-30

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has ownership and operational responsibility for a large enterprise of nuclear facilities that provide essential functions to DOE missions ranging from national security to discovery science and energy research. These facilities support a number of DOE programs and offices including the National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Science, and Office of Environmental Management. With many unique and “one of a kind” functions, these facilities represent a tremendous national investment, and assuring their safety and integrity is fundamental to the success of a breadth of DOE programs. Many DOE critical facilities are located in regions with significant natural phenomenon hazards including major earthquakes and DOE has been a leader in developing standards for the seismic analysis of nuclear facilities. Attaining and sustaining excellence in nuclear facility design and management must be a core competency of the DOE. An important part of nuclear facility management is the ability to monitor facilities and rapidly assess the response and integrity of the facilities after any major upset event. Experience in the western U.S. has shown that understanding facility integrity after a major earthquake is a significant challenge which, lacking key data, can require extensive effort and significant time. In the work described in the attached report, a transformational approach to earthquake monitoring of facilities is described and demonstrated. An entirely new type of optically-based sensor that can directly and accurately measure the earthquake-induced deformations of a critical facility has been developed and tested. This report summarizes large-scale shake table testing of the sensor concept on a representative steel frame building structure, and provides quantitative data on the accuracy of the sensor measurements.

Discursos de usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial-CAPS e de seus familiares

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lívia Sales Cirilo

Full Text Available Este trabalho aborda a construção do transtorno mental em discursos de usuários de um centro de Atenção Psicossocial e de seus familiares. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que teve como referencial teórico-metodológico a Psicologia social discursiva. Foram entrevistados 15 usuários de um CAPS de Campina Grande-PB e 15 familiares. Em suas elaborações sobre as causas ou determinantes da doença mental, foram detectados cinco fatores determinantes da doença mental: biológicos, socioeconômicos, psicossociais, psicológicos e sobrenaturais. Já em suas elaborações discursivas sobre os sintomas e sinais da doença mental, sobre o modo como se manifesta, predominaram descrições nas quais o doente mental aparece como um ser incapaz de autonomia, um ser de desrazão, caracterizado pelo descontrole e pela periculosidade. Em outras palavras, são discursos que descrevem o doente mental com os mesmos termos encontrados no discurso psiquiátrico usado para justificar a ordem manicomial, discursos que reproduzem os estereótipos sobre a loucura e que são dominantes no imaginário social.

Grão de girassol e seus subprodutos: potenciais fontes proteicas para alimentação de aves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raimunda Thyciana Vasconcelos Fernandes

2014-05-01

Full Text Available O setor de avicultura pode ser considerado um dos mais desenvolvidos e tecnificados da agropecuária mundial. Os avanços do melhoramento genético aliado ao desenvolvimento da nutrição, sanidade e técnicas de manejo, resultaram na avicultura atual, de alta eficiência e organização com a finalidade de produzir proteína animal de alto valor biológico para o consumo humano a baixo custo. A cadeia produtiva avícola tem íntima relação com a agricultura, principalmente com milho e soja (principais alimentos utilizados na alimentação de aves, no entanto a utilização destes alimentos para nutrição humana e ou refinarias gera uma competição e consequentemente a valorização dos preços destas commodities, o que aumenta o custo de produção e reduz as margens de comercialização. Desta forma, pesquisadores buscam alternativas alimentares economicamente viáveis numa tentativa de minimizar estes custos e manter os índices de desempenho produtivo.  Neste contexto, o grão de girassol e seus subprodutos são caracterizados como uma fonte proteica de boa qualidade capaz de compor dietas para aves.

Event Displays for the Visualization of CMS Events

CERN Document Server

Jones, Christopher Duncan

2010-01-01

During the last year the CMS experiment engaged in consolidation of its existing event display programs. The core of the new system is based on the Fireworks event display program which was by-design directly integrated with the CMS Event Data Model (EDM) and the light version of the software framework (FWLite). The Event Visualization Environment (EVE) of the ROOT framework is used to manage a consistent set of 3D and 2D views, selection, user-feedback and user-interaction with the graphics windows; several EVE components were developed by CMS in collaboration with the ROOT project. In event display operation simple plugins are registered into the system to perform conversion from EDM collections into their visual representations which are then managed by the application. Full event navigation and filtering as well as collection-level filtering is supported. The same data-extraction principle can also be applied when Fireworks will eventually operate as a service within the full software framework.

Event Display for the Visualization of CMS Events

Science.gov (United States)

Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Eulisse, G.; Jones, C. D.; Kovalskyi, D.; McCauley, T.; Mrak Tadel, A.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Osborne, I.; Tadel, M.; Tu, Y.; Yagil, A.

2011-12-01

During the last year the CMS experiment engaged in consolidation of its existing event display programs. The core of the new system is based on the Fireworks event display program which was by-design directly integrated with the CMS Event Data Model (EDM) and the light version of the software framework (FWLite). The Event Visualization Environment (EVE) of the ROOT framework is used to manage a consistent set of 3D and 2D views, selection, user-feedback and user-interaction with the graphics windows; several EVE components were developed by CMS in collaboration with the ROOT project. In event display operation simple plugins are registered into the system to perform conversion from EDM collections into their visual representations which are then managed by the application. Full event navigation and filtering as well as collection-level filtering is supported. The same data-extraction principle can also be applied when Fireworks will eventually operate as a service within the full software framework.

Event Display for the Visualization of CMS Events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bauerdick, L A T; Eulisse, G; Jones, C D; McCauley, T; Osborne, I; Kovalskyi, D; Tadel, A Mrak; Muelmenstaedt, J; Tadel, M; Tu, Y; Yagil, A

2011-01-01

During the last year the CMS experiment engaged in consolidation of its existing event display programs. The core of the new system is based on the Fireworks event display program which was by-design directly integrated with the CMS Event Data Model (EDM) and the light version of the software framework (FWLite). The Event Visualization Environment (EVE) of the ROOT framework is used to manage a consistent set of 3D and 2D views, selection, user-feedback and user-interaction with the graphics windows; several EVE components were developed by CMS in collaboration with the ROOT project. In event display operation simple plugins are registered into the system to perform conversion from EDM collections into their visual representations which are then managed by the application. Full event navigation and filtering as well as collection-level filtering is supported. The same data-extraction principle can also be applied when Fireworks will eventually operate as a service within the full software framework.

Events and mega events: leisure and business in tourism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Alexandre Paiva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The promotion of events and mega events mobilizes at the same time, in a concatenated way or not, leisure and business practices, which are captured by the tourism industry as a stimulus for the reproduction of capitalism, by the amount of other activities which raise (primary, secondary and tertiary , placing the architecture and the city as protagonists in contemporary urban development. In this sense, the article analyzes the articulation of events and mega events to the provision of architecture and urban infrastructure, as well as the construction of the tourist image of the places, motivated by leisure and business activities. The methodological procedures have theoretical and exploratory character and have multidisciplinary intentions. This will be discussed, in a historical perspective, the concepts of leisure and business activities that raise as moving or traveling; next it will be delimited similarities and differences between tourism events and business tourism, entering after the analysis of the distinctions between events and mega events, highlighting the complexity and the role of mega-events as a major symptom of globalization; finally it will be presented the spatial scale developments in architecture and the city in the realization of (mega events, as well as its impact on the city's image. As a synthesis, it is important to notice that spatial developments business tourism, events and mega events are manifested in various scales and with different levels of complexity, revealing the strengths and / or weaknesses of the places. The urban planning, architecture and urbanism are important objects of knowledge and spatial intervention to ensure infrastructure and urban and architectural structures appropriate for events, which should be sensitive to the demands of tourists and host communities.

ATLAS TDAQ/DCS Event Filter Event Handler Requirements

CERN Document Server

Bee, C P; Meessen, C; Qian, Z; Touchard, F; Green, P; Pinfold, J L; Wheeler, S; Negri, A; Scannicchio, D A; Vercesi, V

2002-01-01

The second iteration of the Software Development Process of the ATLAS Event Filter has been launched. A summary of the design phase of the first iteration is given in the introduction. The document gives constraints, use cases, functional and non-functional requirements for the Event Handler sub-system of the Event Filter.

Event display of a H -> 4mu candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4mu candidate event with m(4l) = 124.1 (125.1) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 86.3 GeV and 31.6 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 10-Jun-2012, 13:24:31 CEST in run number 204769 as event number 71902630. Muon tracks are colored red.

Multi-unit shutdown due to boiler feedwater chemical excursion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diebel, M.E.

1991-01-01

Ontario Hydro's Bruce Nuclear Generating Station 'B' consists of four 935 W CANDU units located on the east shore of Lake Huron in the province of Ontario, Canada. On July 25 and 26, 1989 three of the four operating units were shutdown due to boiler feedwater chemical excursions initiated by a process upset in the Water Treatment Plant that provides demineralized make-up water to all four units. The chemicals that escaped from an ion exchange vessel during a routine regeneration very quickly spread through the condensate make-up system and into the boiler feedwater systems. This resulted in boiler sulfate levels exceeding shutdown limits. A total of 260 GWH of electrical generation was unexpectedly made unavailable to the grid at a time of peak seasonal demand. This event exposed several unforeseen deficiencies and vulnerabilities in the automatic demineralized water make-up quality protection scheme, system designs, operating procedures and the ability of operating personnel to recognize and appropriately respond to such an event. The combination of these factors contributed towards turning a minor system upset into a major multi-unit shutdown. This paper provides the details of the actual event initiation in the Water Treatment Plant and describes the sequence of events that led to the eventual shutdown of three units and near shutdown of the fourth. The design inadequacies, procedural deficiencies and operating personnel responses and difficulties are described. The process of recovering from this event, the flushing out of system piping, boilers and the feedwater train is covered as well as our experiences with setting up supplemental demineralized water supplies including trucking in water and the use of rental trailer mounted demineralizing systems. System design, procedural and operational changes that have been made and that are still being worked on in response to this event are described. The latest evidence of the effect of this event on boiler tube

Event display of a H -> 4mu candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4mu candidate event with m(4l) = 124.1 (125.1) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 86.3 GeV and 31.6 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 10-Jun-2012, 13:24:31 CEST in run number 204769 as event number 71902630. Zoom into the tracking detector. Muon tracks are colored red.

Physical-Mechanisms Based Reliability Analysis For Emerging Technologies

Science.gov (United States)

2017-05-05

irradiation effects on deep level states in Mg-doped p-type GaN grown by ammonia-based molecular beam epitaxy," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 106, article...Chan, A. Raman, and M. Turowski, "State and angular dependence of single-event upsets in an asymmetric RC-hardened SRAM using deep trench capacitors...Trinczek, E. W. Blackmore, S. J. Wen , R. Wong, B. Narasimham, J. A. Pellish and H. Puchner, "The contribution of low-energy protons to the total

Radiation Analysis Program

Science.gov (United States)

2018-02-28

distribution is unlimited.  The second project advanced within this grant is related to beam and total dose testing of modern microcontrollers and... PROJECT NUMBER 2181 Craig Kief 5e. TASK NUMBER PPM00019523 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER EF122950 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8...associated with on orbit assets. Research resulted in an on orbit test platform that provides the ability to observe single event upset information on the

An SEU rate prediction method for microprocessors of space applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Jie; Li Qiang

2012-01-01

In this article,the relationship between static SEU (Single Event Upset) rate and dynamic SEU rate in microprocessors for satellites is studied by using process duty cycle concept and fault injection technique. The results are compared to in-orbit flight monitoring data. The results show that dynamic SEU rate by using process duty cycle can estimate in-orbit SEU rate of microprocessor reasonable; and the fault injection technique is a workable method to estimate SEU rate. (authors)

MadEvent: automatic event generation with MadGraph

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maltoni, Fabio; Stelzer, Tim

2003-01-01

We present a new multi-channel integration method and its implementation in the multi-purpose event generator MadEvent, which is based on MadGraph. Given a process, MadGraph automatically identifies all the relevant subprocesses, generates both the amplitudes and the mappings needed for an efficient integration over the phase space, and passes them to MadEvent. As a result, a process-specific, stand-alone code is produced that allows the user to calculate cross sections and produce unweighted events in a standard output format. Several examples are given for processes that are relevant for physics studies at present and forthcoming colliders. (author)

Experimental and simulation study of the effects of cosmic particles on CMOS/SOS RAMs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Worley, E.; Williams, R.; Groninger, J.

1990-01-01

Van De Graaff particle accelerator data was taken on three different CMOS/SOS RAM cells. The resulting LET upset thresholds were then used to calculate the deposited charge needed to upset the cells. Detailed SPICE simulations of the various cells were used to determine the collected charge required for upset. A comparison of the two values indicated that the charge needed to upset the cells was greater than the deposited charge, thus confirming Rollins' results. Shorter channel lengths and higher power supply voltages caused the ratio, M, of upset charge to deposited charge to increase. As a result of this multiplication factor, actual devices are more likely to upset (i.e., upset at lower energy) than expected from an analysis of only the collected charge. A mixed mode simulator was then used to model the charge collection process. This simulator study showed that the M factor is a very fluid number which is dependent on minority carrier lifetime, drain voltage, and the switching dynamics of the cell in addition to the dependence on mobility ratio and channel length. Parasitic bipolar gain at high injection levels appears to be the primary mechanism allowing collected charge to be greater than deposited charge. In conclusion, the simulator and experimental data show that, as floating body static memory transistors are down scaled, the particle energy needed to upset the cell is reduced because of the enhanced parasitic bipolar gain effect as well as a reduction in the node capacitance. This result is shown by simulation to also apply to fully depleted SOI transistors

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event with m(4l) = 124.5 (124.6) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 70.6 GeV and 44.7 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-May-2012, 20:28:11 CEST in run number 203602 as event number 82614360. The tracks and clusters of the two electron pairs are colored red and blue, respectively.

Construction and Updating of Event Models in Auditory Event Processing

Science.gov (United States)

Huff, Markus; Maurer, Annika E.; Brich, Irina; Pagenkopf, Anne; Wickelmaier, Florian; Papenmeier, Frank

2018-01-01

Humans segment the continuous stream of sensory information into distinct events at points of change. Between 2 events, humans perceive an event boundary. Present theories propose changes in the sensory information to trigger updating processes of the present event model. Increased encoding effort finally leads to a memory benefit at event…

ENGAGING STUDENTS THROUGH EVENT MARKETING: AN EXAMPLE OF UNIVERSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP EVENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alev KOÇAK ALAN

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Despite the growing importance of event marketing, this study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship event on university students which was hosting by one of the leading university in Turkey. Three different assets of event image (event inventiveness, event appropriateness, event adequacy were proposed to influence students’ satisfaction and revisit intentions. Research conducted to 468 students which participate in the entrepreneurship event for two days. For the analyses structural equation modeling technique was used. It was found that (i the dimensions of event image (inventiveness, appropriateness, and adequacy have an impact on students’ satisfaction and (ii students’ satisfaction was a main driver of their revisit intention. Results, future researches and managerial implications were addressed.

Vaccine Adverse Events

Science.gov (United States)

... for Biologics Evaluation & Research Vaccine Adverse Events Vaccine Adverse Events Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it More sharing ... in the primary immunization series in infants Report Adverse Event Report a Vaccine Adverse Event Contact FDA ( ...

Single-Event Latchup Testing of the Micrel MIC4424 Dual Power MOSFET Driver

Science.gov (United States)

Pellish, J. A.; Boutte, A.; Kim, H.; Phan, A.; Topper, A.

2016-01-01

We conducted 47 exposures of four different MIC4424 devices and did not observe any SEL or high-current events. This included worst-case conditions with a LET of 81 MeV-sq cm/mg, applied voltage of 18.5 V, a case temperature greater than 120 C, and a final fluence of 1x10(exp 7)/sq cm. We also monitored both the outputs for the presence of SETs. While the period of the 1 MHz square wave was slightly altered in some cases, no pulses were added or deleted. 1. Purpose: The purpose of this testing is to characterize the BiCMOS/DMOS Micrel MIC4424 dual, non-inverting MOSFET driver for single-event latchup (SEL) susceptibility. These data will be used for flight lot evaluation purposes. 2. Devices Tested: The MIC4423/4424/4425 family are highly reliable BiCMOS/DMOS buffer/driver MOSFET drivers. They are higher output current versions of the MIC4426/4427/4428. They can survive up to 5V of noise spiking, of either polarity, on the ground pin. They can accept, without either damage or logic upset, up to half an amp of reverse current (either polarity) forced back into their outputs. Primarily intended for driving power MOSFETs, the MIC4423/4424/4425 drivers are suitable for driving other loads (capacitive, resistive, or inductive) which require low-impedance, high peak currents, and fast switching times. Heavily loaded clock lines, coaxial cables, or piezoelectric transducers are some examples. The only known limitation on loading is that total power dissipated in the driver must be kept within the maximum power dissipation limits of the package. Five (5) parts were provided for SEL testing. We prepared four parts for irradiation and reserved one piece as an un-irradiated control. More information about the devices can be found in Table 1. The parts were prepared for testing by removing the lid from the CDIP package to expose the target die. The parts were then soldered to small copper circuit adapter boards for easy handling. These parts are fabricated in a bulk Bi

Event group importance measures for top event frequency analyses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-01-01

Three traditional importance measures, risk reduction, partial derivative, nd variance reduction, have been extended to permit analyses of the relative importance of groups of underlying failure rates to the frequencies of resulting top events. The partial derivative importance measure was extended by assessing the contribution of a group of events to the gradient of the top event frequency. Given the moments of the distributions that characterize the uncertainties in the underlying failure rates, the expectation values of the top event frequency, its variance, and all of the new group importance measures can be quantified exactly for two familiar cases: (1) when all underlying failure rates are presumed independent, and (2) when pairs of failure rates based on common data are treated as being equal (totally correlated). In these cases, the new importance measures, which can also be applied to assess the importance of individual events, obviate the need for Monte Carlo sampling. The event group importance measures are illustrated using a small example problem and demonstrated by applications made as part of a major reactor facility risk assessment. These illustrations and applications indicate both the utility and the versatility of the event group importance measures

Event group importance measures for top event frequency analyses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-07-31

Three traditional importance measures, risk reduction, partial derivative, nd variance reduction, have been extended to permit analyses of the relative importance of groups of underlying failure rates to the frequencies of resulting top events. The partial derivative importance measure was extended by assessing the contribution of a group of events to the gradient of the top event frequency. Given the moments of the distributions that characterize the uncertainties in the underlying failure rates, the expectation values of the top event frequency, its variance, and all of the new group importance measures can be quantified exactly for two familiar cases: (1) when all underlying failure rates are presumed independent, and (2) when pairs of failure rates based on common data are treated as being equal (totally correlated). In these cases, the new importance measures, which can also be applied to assess the importance of individual events, obviate the need for Monte Carlo sampling. The event group importance measures are illustrated using a small example problem and demonstrated by applications made as part of a major reactor facility risk assessment. These illustrations and applications indicate both the utility and the versatility of the event group importance measures.

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event with m(4l) = 124.5 (124.6) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 70.6 GeV and 44.7 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-May-2012, 20:28:11 CEST in run number 203602 as event number 82614360. The tracks of the two electron pairs are colored red, the clusters in the LAr calorimeter are colored darkgreen.

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event with m(4l) = 124.5 (124.6) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 70.6 GeV and 44.7 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-May-2012, 20:28:11 CEST in run number 203602 as event number 82614360. Zoom into the tracking detector. The tracks and clusters of the two electron pairs are colored red and blue, respectively.

Event Modeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bækgaard, Lars

2001-01-01

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss conceptual event modeling within a context of information modeling. Traditionally, information modeling has been concerned with the modeling of a universe of discourse in terms of information structures. However, most interesting universes of discourse...... are dynamic and we present a modeling approach that can be used to model such dynamics.We characterize events as both information objects and change agents (Bækgaard 1997). When viewed as information objects events are phenomena that can be observed and described. For example, borrow events in a library can...

Plantas transgênicas e seus produtos: impactos, riscos e segurança alimentar (Biossegurança de plantas transgênicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nodari Rubens Onofre

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho aborda tópicos relacionados com plantas transgênicas, também chamadas de Organismos Geneticamente Modificados, alimentos derivados delas e segurança alimentar. As biotecnologias modernas são ferramentas de grande potencial de reprogramação dos seres vivos. Contudo, o maior problema na análise de risco destes organismos gerados pela biotecnologia é que seus efeitos não podem ser previstos em sua totalidade. Os riscos à saúde humana incluem aqueles inesperados, alergias, toxicidade e intolerância. No ambiente, as conseqüências são a transferência lateral de genes, a poluição genética e os efeitos prejudiciais a organismos não-alvo. O princípio da equivalência substancial, até agora utilizado, deveria ser abandonado em favor de um cientificamente embasado. Com a aprovação em janeiro de 2002 do Protocolo Internacional de Biossegurança, o princípio da precaução foi estabelecido como básico e a rotulagem tornou-se obrigatória. A percepção pública obriga empresas e cientistas a um maior uso da ciência na análise de risco antes do consumo destes alimentos.

Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena

NARCIS (Netherlands)

De Raedt, H.; Zhao, S.; Yuan, S.; Jin, F.; Michielsen, K.; Miyashita, S.

We discuss recent progress in the development of simulation algorithms that do not rely on any concept of quantum theory but are nevertheless capable of reproducing the averages computed from quantum theory through an event-by-event simulation. The simulation approach is illustrated by applications

Reconfigurable fault tolerant avionics system

Science.gov (United States)

Ibrahim, M. M.; Asami, K.; Cho, Mengu

This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable avionics system based on modern Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)-based Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to be used in future generations of nano satellites. A major concern in satellite systems and especially nano satellites is to build robust systems with low-power consumption profiles. The system is designed to be flexible by providing the capability of reconfiguring itself based on its orbital position. As Single Event Upsets (SEU) do not have the same severity and intensity in all orbital locations, having the maximum at the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the polar cusps, the system does not have to be fully protected all the time in its orbit. An acceptable level of protection against high-energy cosmic rays and charged particles roaming in space is provided within the majority of the orbit through software fault tolerance. Check pointing and roll back, besides control flow assertions, is used for that level of protection. In the minority part of the orbit where severe SEUs are expected to exist, a reconfiguration for the system FPGA is initiated where the processor systems are triplicated and protection through Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) with feedback is provided. This technique of reconfiguring the system as per the level of the threat expected from SEU-induced faults helps in reducing the average dynamic power consumption of the system to one-third of its maximum. This technique can be viewed as a smart protection through system reconfiguration. The system is built on the commercial version of the (XC5VLX50) Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA on bulk silicon with 324 IO. Simulations of orbit SEU rates were carried out using the SPENVIS web-based software package.

Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena

NARCIS (Netherlands)

De Raedt, Hans; Michielsen, Kristel

A discrete-event simulation approach is reviewed that does not require the knowledge of the solution of the wave equation of the whole system, yet reproduces the statistical distributions of wave theory by generating detection events one-by-one. The simulation approach is illustrated by applications

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event with m(4l) = 124.5 (124.6) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 70.6 GeV and 44.7 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-May-2012, 20:28:11 CEST in run number 203602 as event number 82614360. Zoom into the tracking detector and the LAr calorimeter where its detailed structure is highlighted. The tracks and clusters of the two electron pairs are colored red and blue, respectively.

Study of the intelligent control robustness with respect to radiations induced faults

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheynet, Ph.

1999-01-01

The so-called intelligent control techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, are considered as being potentially robust. Their digital implementation gives compact and powerful solutions to some problems difficult to be tackled by classical techniques. Such approaches might be used for applications working in harsh environment (nuclear and space). The aim of this thesis is to study the robustness of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic against Single Event Upset faults, in order to evaluate their viability and their efficiency for onboard spacecraft processes. A set of experiments have been performed on a neural network and a fuzzy controller, both implementing real space applications: texture analysis from satellite images and wheel control of a martian rover. An original method, allowing to increase the recognition rate of any artificial neural network has been developed and used on the studied network. Digital architectures implementing the two studied techniques in this thesis, have been boarded on two scientific satellites. One is in flight since one year, the other will be launched in the end of 1999. Obtained results, both from software simulations, hardware fault injections or particle accelerator tests, show that intelligent control techniques have a significant robustness against Single Event Upset faults. Data issued from the flight experiment confirm these properties, showing that some onboard spacecraft processes can be reliably executed by digital artificial neural networks. (author)

Joint Attributes and Event Analysis for Multimedia Event Detection.

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Zhigang; Chang, Xiaojun; Xu, Zhongwen; Sebe, Nicu; Hauptmann, Alexander G

2017-06-15

Semantic attributes have been increasingly used the past few years for multimedia event detection (MED) with promising results. The motivation is that multimedia events generally consist of lower level components such as objects, scenes, and actions. By characterizing multimedia event videos with semantic attributes, one could exploit more informative cues for improved detection results. Much existing work obtains semantic attributes from images, which may be suboptimal for video analysis since these image-inferred attributes do not carry dynamic information that is essential for videos. To address this issue, we propose to learn semantic attributes from external videos using their semantic labels. We name them video attributes in this paper. In contrast with multimedia event videos, these external videos depict lower level contents such as objects, scenes, and actions. To harness video attributes, we propose an algorithm established on a correlation vector that correlates them to a target event. Consequently, we could incorporate video attributes latently as extra information into the event detector learnt from multimedia event videos in a joint framework. To validate our method, we perform experiments on the real-world large-scale TRECVID MED 2013 and 2014 data sets and compare our method with several state-of-the-art algorithms. The experiments show that our method is advantageous for MED.

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event with m(4l) = 124.5 (124.6) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 70.6 GeV and 44.7 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-May-2012, 20:28:11 CEST in run number 203602 as event number 82614360. The tracks and clusters of the two electron pairs are colored red and blue, respectively. The three displays on the right-hand side show the r-phi view of the event (top), a zoom into the vertex region, indicating that the 4 electrons originate from the same primary vertex (middle), and a Lego plot indicating the amount of transverse energy Et measured in the calorimeters (bottom).

Construction and updating of event models in auditory event processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Huff, Markus; Maurer, Annika E; Brich, Irina; Pagenkopf, Anne; Wickelmaier, Florian; Papenmeier, Frank

2018-02-01

Humans segment the continuous stream of sensory information into distinct events at points of change. Between 2 events, humans perceive an event boundary. Present theories propose changes in the sensory information to trigger updating processes of the present event model. Increased encoding effort finally leads to a memory benefit at event boundaries. Evidence from reading time studies (increased reading times with increasing amount of change) suggest that updating of event models is incremental. We present results from 5 experiments that studied event processing (including memory formation processes and reading times) using an audio drama as well as a transcript thereof as stimulus material. Experiments 1a and 1b replicated the event boundary advantage effect for memory. In contrast to recent evidence from studies using visual stimulus material, Experiments 2a and 2b found no support for incremental updating with normally sighted and blind participants for recognition memory. In Experiment 3, we replicated Experiment 2a using a written transcript of the audio drama as stimulus material, allowing us to disentangle encoding and retrieval processes. Our results indicate incremental updating processes at encoding (as measured with reading times). At the same time, we again found recognition performance to be unaffected by the amount of change. We discuss these findings in light of current event cognition theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

A Favela Santa Marta e seus guias de turismo: identidade, mobilização e conflito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Ferreira Barbosa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A proposta deste artigo é descrever o processo de constituição de um mercado turístico na Favela Santa Marta e os efeitos observados no que se refere aos conflitos e consequentes mobilizações que reivindicam a legitimidade de se contar a história desse lugar. Por ter sido a primeira favela da cidade do Rio de Janeiro onde foi instalada uma Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP em dezembro de 2008[1], a Santa Marta passa a ser reconhecida como uma “favela modelo” por parte da administração pública, como se ela fosse um “laboratório” para experiências de políticas públicas. Esse processo ocorre em um contexto – notadamente os megaeventos esportivos como a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e as Olimpíadas de 2016 -  em que se busca um “reencantamento” das representações sobre as favelas, mais especificamente aquelas onde as UPPs passam a fazer parte do cotidiano de seus moradores. O programa Rio Top Tour, que é a política analisada aqui, foi lançado na Favela Santa Marta, e consistiu na formação de guias turísticos locais e estímulo ao desenvolvimento de um mercado turístico. A partir da atuação desses guias e a sua mobilização para serem os legítimos portadores da narrativa sobre a história da Favela Santa Marta no âmbito do mercado turístico local, analisarei os conflitos que resultam desse processo. Antes disso, entretanto, é preciso apresentar este lugar e as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo nos últimos anos desde a instalação da UPP – que é o corte temporal proposto neste trabalho.

Developing future precipitation events from historic events: An Amsterdam case study.

Science.gov (United States)

Manola, Iris; van den Hurk, Bart; de Moel, Hans; Aerts, Jeroen

2016-04-01

Due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events is expected to increase. It is therefore of high importance to develop climate change scenarios tailored towards the local and regional needs of policy makers in order to develop efficient adaptation strategies to reduce the risks from extreme weather events. Current approaches to tailor climate scenarios are often not well adopted in hazard management, since average changes in climate are not a main concern to policy makers, and tailoring climate scenarios to simulate future extremes can be complex. Therefore, a new concept has been introduced recently that uses known historic extreme events as a basis, and modifies the observed data for these events so that the outcome shows how the same event would occur in a warmer climate. This concept is introduced as 'Future Weather', and appeals to the experience of stakeholders and users. This research presents a novel method of projecting a future extreme precipitation event, based on a historic event. The selected precipitation event took place over the broader area of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in the summer of 2014, which resulted in blocked highways, disruption of air transportation, flooded buildings and public facilities. An analysis of rain monitoring stations showed that an event of such intensity has a 5 to 15 years return period. The method of projecting a future event follows a non-linear delta transformation that is applied directly on the observed event assuming a warmer climate to produce an "up-scaled" future precipitation event. The delta transformation is based on the observed behaviour of the precipitation intensity as a function of the dew point temperature during summers. The outcome is then compared to a benchmark method using the HARMONIE numerical weather prediction model, where the boundary conditions of the event from the Ensemble Prediction System of ECMWF (ENS) are perturbed to indicate a warmer climate. The two

PROFESSIONAL AND NONPROFESSIONAL EVENT MANAGERS: AGENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS OF EVENT-ACTIVITIES FIELD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Nikolaevna Startseva

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The main research question focuses on studying of the «new», non-traditional, recent forming professional group of event managers in modernRussia. This article provides the event group boundaries, its numerical and structural composition. On the basis of existing community event stereotypes, perceptions of event managers, supervisors’ event agencies and customers such the all agents included in the event activities, the author designed the image of professional and nonprofessional manager.Scientific, theoretical and practical significance of the work is leading to characterize agent-field-event activities and outline the prospects for the professional groups’ formation of event managers in modernRussia.Conceptuality and validity of the study is based on using theoretical and methodological comparative, functional and activity approaches.The obtained results can be used for further investigations in the event managers’ field and for other professional-groups, as well as useful in the study plan such as «Sociology of professions and professional groups» and «Sociology of culture and spiritual life».

Event display of a H -> 4mu candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 4mu candidate event with m(4l) = 124.1 (125.1) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 86.3 GeV and 31.6 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 10-Jun-2012, 13:24:31 CEST in run number 204769 as event number 71902630. Muon tracks are colored red. The inset on the right-hand side shows a zoom into the tracking detector. The inset on top shows a zoom into the vertex region, indicating that the 4 muons originate from the same primary vertex.

Probabilistic analysis of external events with focus on the Fukushima event

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kollasko, Heiko; Jockenhoevel-Barttfeld, Mariana; Klapp, Ulrich

2014-01-01

External hazards are those natural or man-made hazards to a site and facilities that are originated externally to both the site and its processes, i.e. the duty holder may have very little or no control over the hazard. External hazards can have the potential of causing initiating events at the plant, typically transients like e.g., loss of offsite power. Simultaneously, external events may affect safety systems required to control the initiating event and, where applicable, also back-up systems implemented for risk-reduction. The plant safety may especially be threatened when loads from external hazards exceed the load assumptions considered in the design of safety-related systems, structures and components. Another potential threat is given by hazards inducing initiating events not considered in the safety demonstration otherwise. An example is loss of offsite power combined with prolonged plant isolation. Offsite support, e.g., delivery of diesel fuel oil, usually credited in the deterministic safety analysis may not be possible in this case. As the Fukushima events have shown, the biggest threat is likely given by hazards inducing both effects. Such hazards may well be dominant risk contributors even if their return period is very high. In order to identify relevant external hazards for a certain Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) location, a site specific screening analysis is performed, both for single events and for combinations of external events. As a result of the screening analysis, risk significant and therefore relevant (screened-in) single external events and combinations of them are identified for a site. The screened-in events are further considered in a detailed event tree analysis in the frame of the Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) to calculate the core damage/large release frequency resulting from each relevant external event or from each relevant combination. Screening analyses of external events performed at AREVA are based on the approach provided

Event display of a H -> 4e candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display (side view) of a H -> 4e candidate event with m(4l) = 124.5 (124.6) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 70.6 GeV and 44.7 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-May-2012, 20:28:11 CEST in run number 203602 as event number 82614360. The tracks of the two electron pairs are colored red and blue, respectively. Electron clusters in the LAr calorimeter are colored darkgreen. The three displays on the right-hand side show the r-phi view of the event (top), a zoom into the vertex region, indicating that the 4 electrons originate from the same primary vertex (middle), and a Lego plot indicating the amount of transverse energy Et measured in the calorimeters (bottom).

Event segmentation improves event memory up to one month later.

Science.gov (United States)

Flores, Shaney; Bailey, Heather R; Eisenberg, Michelle L; Zacks, Jeffrey M

2017-08-01

When people observe everyday activity, they spontaneously parse it into discrete meaningful events. Individuals who segment activity in a more normative fashion show better subsequent memory for the events. If segmenting events effectively leads to better memory, does asking people to attend to segmentation improve subsequent memory? To answer this question, participants viewed movies of naturalistic activity with instructions to remember the activity for a later test, and in some conditions additionally pressed a button to segment the movies into meaningful events or performed a control condition that required button-pressing but not attending to segmentation. In 5 experiments, memory for the movies was assessed at intervals ranging from immediately following viewing to 1 month later. Performing the event segmentation task led to superior memory at delays ranging from 10 min to 1 month. Further, individual differences in segmentation ability predicted individual differences in memory performance for up to a month following encoding. This study provides the first evidence that manipulating event segmentation affects memory over long delays and that individual differences in event segmentation are related to differences in memory over long delays. These effects suggest that attending to how an activity breaks down into meaningful events contributes to memory formation. Instructing people to more effectively segment events may serve as a potential intervention to alleviate everyday memory complaints in aging and clinical populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Event by event physics in ALICE

CERN Document Server

Christakoglou, Panos

2009-01-01

Fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities are fundamental for the study of the QGP phase transition. The ALICE experiment is well suited for precise event-by-event measurements of various quantities. In this article, we review the capabilities of ALICE to study the fluctuations of several key observables such as the net charge, the temperature, and the particle ratios. Among the observables related to correlations, we review the balance functions and the long range correlations.

IBM ThinkPad radiation testing and recovery during EUROMIR missions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martignano, M.; Harboe-Sorensen, R.

1995-01-01

This paper presents the results of an experiment, conducted on-board the Russian MIR Space Station during a joint Russian and European mission, EUROMIR '94. A commercially available IBM ThinkPad 750C was evaluated by running a software system which monitored the notebook's behavior and counted the number of single event upsets. The used software system and ground verification tests are also presented. Finally, another software system, able to ruggedize normal personal computers for usage in space, is described

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) in a configurable fault-tolerant processor (CFTP) for space applications

OpenAIRE

Yuan, Rong

2003-01-01

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited Without the protection of atmosphere, space systems have to mitigate radiation effects. Several different technologies are used to deal with different radiation effects in order to keep the space device work properly. One of the radiation effects called Single Event Upset (SEU) can change the state of a component or data on the bus. A single error is possible to cause a system failure if it is not corrected. Besides error correction, a...

Design and measurements of SEU tolerant latches

CERN Document Server

Menouni, M; Barbero, M; Beccherle, R; Breugnon, P; Ely, R; Fougeron, D; García-Sciveres, M; Gnani, D; Hemperek, T; Karagounis, M; Kluit, R; Mekkaoui, A; Rozanov, A; Schipper, J-D

2008-01-01

Latches based on the Dual Interlocked storage Cell or DICE are very tolerant to Single Event Upsets (SEU). However, for highly scaled processes where the sizes continue to decrease, the data in this latch can be corrupted by an SEU due to charge sharing between adjacent nodes. Some layout considerations are used to improve the tolerance of the DICE latches to SEU and especially the influence of sensitive nodes separation is tested for DICE latches designed with a 130 nm process.

Predictions of integrated circuit serviceability in space radiation fields

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khamidullina, N.M.; Kuznetsov, N.V.; Pichkhadze, K.M.; Popov, V.D

1999-10-01

The present paper suggests an approach to estimating and predicting the serviceability of on-board electronic equipment. It is based on the postulates of the reliability theory and accounts for total-dose and single-event radiation effects as well as other exterior destabilizing factors. The methods of determination of failure and upset rates for CMOS devices are considered. The probability of non-failure operation of a two CMOS RAM is calculated along the whole trajectory of the 'Solar Probe' spacecraft.

NI Based System for Seu Testing of Memory Chips for Avionics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boruzdina Anna

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the results of implementation of National Instrument based system for Single Event Upset testing of memory chips into neutron generator experimental facility, which used for SEU tests for avionics purposes. Basic SEU testing algorithm with error correction and constant errors detection is presented. The issues of radiation shielding of NI based system are discussed and solved. The examples of experimental results show the applicability of the presented system for SEU memory testing under neutrons influence.

Charge-dependent correlations from event-by-event anomalous hydrodynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirono, Yuji [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 (United States); Hirano, Tetsufumi [Department of Physics, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554 (Japan); Kharzeev, Dmitri E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 (United States); Department of Physics and RIKEN-BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)

2016-12-15

We report on our recent attempt of quantitative modeling of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in heavy-ion collisions. We perform 3+1 dimensional anomalous hydrodynamic simulations on an event-by-event basis, with constitutive equations that contain the anomaly-induced effects. We also develop a model of the initial condition for the axial charge density that captures the statistical nature of random chirality imbalances created by the color flux tubes. Basing on the event-by-event hydrodynamic simulations for hundreds of thousands of collisions, we calculate the correlation functions that are measured in experiments, and discuss how the anomalous transport affects these observables.

Physical Processes and Applications of the Monte Carlo Radiative Energy Deposition (MRED) Code

Science.gov (United States)

Reed, Robert A.; Weller, Robert A.; Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Warren, Kevin M.; Sierawski, Brian D.; King, Michael P.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Auden, Elizabeth C.

2015-08-01

MRED is a Python-language scriptable computer application that simulates radiation transport. It is the computational engine for the on-line tool CRÈME-MC. MRED is based on c++ code from Geant4 with additional Fortran components to simulate electron transport and nuclear reactions with high precision. We provide a detailed description of the structure of MRED and the implementation of the simulation of physical processes used to simulate radiation effects in electronic devices and circuits. Extensive discussion and references are provided that illustrate the validation of models used to implement specific simulations of relevant physical processes. Several applications of MRED are summarized that demonstrate its ability to predict and describe basic physical phenomena associated with irradiation of electronic circuits and devices. These include effects from single particle radiation (including both direct ionization and indirect ionization effects), dose enhancement effects, and displacement damage effects. MRED simulations have also helped to identify new single event upset mechanisms not previously observed by experiment, but since confirmed, including upsets due to muons and energetic electrons.

Event by event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koch, Volker

2001-01-01

The authors discuss the physics underlying event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We will argue that the fluctuations of the ratio of positively over negatively charged particles may serve as a unique signature for the Quark Gluon Plasma.

Percepções de jovens em acolhimento residencial acerca dos seus estilos parentais futuros: o papel de variáveis individuais, da relação família-jovem acolhido e do acolhimento

OpenAIRE

Reis, Ana Cristina da Rocha

2011-01-01

Mestrado em Psicologia Comunitária e Protecção de Menores A presente investigação visa 1) analisar as percepções de jovens em acolhimento residencial acerca dos seus estilos parentais futuros, e o papel de variáveis individuais (género, tempo de acolhimento e história de acolhimentos anteriores), da relação família-jovem acolhido (contacto e tipo de relação existente) e relacionadas com os Lares de Infância e Juventude (LIJ) (dimensão e acolhimento face ao género). Complementarmente, prete...

Topology of Event Horizon

OpenAIRE

Siino, Masaru

1997-01-01

The topologies of event horizons are investigated. Considering the existence of the endpoint of the event horizon, it cannot be differentiable. Then there are the new possibilities of the topology of the event horizon though they are excluded in smooth event horizons. The relation between the topology of the event horizon and the endpoint of it is revealed. A torus event horizon is caused by two-dimensional endpoints. One-dimensional endpoints provide the coalescence of spherical event horizo...

Event Segmentation Improves Event Memory up to One Month Later

Science.gov (United States)

Flores, Shaney; Bailey, Heather R.; Eisenberg, Michelle L.; Zacks, Jeffrey M.

2017-01-01

When people observe everyday activity, they spontaneously parse it into discrete meaningful events. Individuals who segment activity in a more normative fashion show better subsequent memory for the events. If segmenting events effectively leads to better memory, does asking people to attend to segmentation improve subsequent memory? To answer…

Event-Based Conceptual Modeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bækgaard, Lars

2009-01-01

The purpose of the paper is to obtain insight into and provide practical advice for event-based conceptual modeling. We analyze a set of event concepts and use the results to formulate a conceptual event model that is used to identify guidelines for creation of dynamic process models and static...... information models. We characterize events as short-duration processes that have participants, consequences, and properties, and that may be modeled in terms of information structures. The conceptual event model is used to characterize a variety of event concepts and it is used to illustrate how events can...... be used to integrate dynamic modeling of processes and static modeling of information structures. The results are unique in the sense that no other general event concept has been used to unify a similar broad variety of seemingly incompatible event concepts. The general event concept can be used...

Event-by-event fluctuations in the medium-induced jet evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Escobedo, Miguel A.; Iancu, Edmond

2016-01-01

We develop the event-by-event picture of the gluon distribution produced via medium-induced gluon branching by an energetic jet which propagates through a dense QCD medium. A typical event is characterized by the production of a large number of soft gluons which propagate at large angles with respect to the jet axis and which collectively carry a substantial amount of energy. By explicitly computing 2-gluon correlations, we demonstrate the existence of large event-by-event fluctuations, which reflect the stochastic nature of the branching process. For the two quantities that we have investigated — the energy loss at large angles and the soft gluon multiplicity —, the dispersion is parametrically as large as the respective expectation value. We identify interesting scaling laws, which suggest that the multiplicity distribution should exhibit KNO (Koba-Nielsen-Olesen) scaling. A similar scaling is known to hold for a jet branching in the vacuum, but the medium-induced distribution is found to be considerably broader. We predict that event-by-event measurements of the di-jet asymmetry in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC should observe large fluctuations in the number of soft hadrons propagating at large angles and also in the total energy carried by these hadrons.

Purchase decision involvement: Event management segments and related event behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Rodney B. Warnick; David C. Bojanic

2012-01-01

The goal of this research was to examine the relationships between different levels of event purchase decision involvement (PDI) segments and their respective event behaviors (e.g., expenditures, travel behavior, event consumption and satisfaction). The specific purpose was to answer two major research questions: 1) Can PDI identify different levels or segments of...

ICPP criticality event of October 17, 1978. Facts and sequential description of criticality event and precursor events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-01-01

On October 17 during the period of approximately 8:15 to 8:40 p.m., a criticality event occurred in the base of IB column, H-100. The inventory of medium short-lived fission products used to determine the number of fissions indicates that the criticality occurred in column H-100 aqueous phase and the sampling of the column wall with counting of the filings clearly indicates that the event occurred in the column base. The events leading up to the accident are described. The event produced no personnel injury, on-or off-site contamination, nor damage to equipment or property

Event-Based Conceptual Modeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bækgaard, Lars

The paper demonstrates that a wide variety of event-based modeling approaches are based on special cases of the same general event concept, and that the general event concept can be used to unify the otherwise unrelated fields of information modeling and process modeling. A set of event......-based modeling approaches are analyzed and the results are used to formulate a general event concept that can be used for unifying the seemingly unrelated event concepts. Events are characterized as short-duration processes that have participants, consequences, and properties, and that may be modeled in terms...... of information structures. The general event concept can be used to guide systems analysis and design and to improve modeling approaches....

As pessoas em situação de rua em Porto Alegre e seus dramas, tramas e manhas : a cooperação e a solidariedade como forma de humanização

OpenAIRE

Roque Grazziola

2011-01-01

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma reflexão prático-teórica sobre As pessoas em situação de rua em Porto Alegre e seus dramas, tramas e manhas: a cooperação e a solidariedade como forma de humanização, enquanto parte final do processo de Pesquisa de Mestrado junto à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Educação (FACED), na linha de pesquisa: Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais, com a orientação do Professor Dr. Jaime José Zitkoski. A estrutura d...

Movements of the Albanians in Kosovo and Metohia in the eve of the Young Turkish Revolution

OpenAIRE

Zarković, Vesna

2011-01-01

As per the author's view, deep crisis which was upsetting the Ottoman Empires at the beginning of the 20th century was the consequence of a long-term non-resolution of the occurred problems, and a wrong approach to the events in the state. One of the ways of problems solving was the introduction of reforms what some great powers were insisting on. Non-accordance among them, non-sincerity of the Ottoman powers, and resistance of the local leaders together with the inhabitants, were main obstac...

Safeguards summary event list (SSEL)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davidson, J.J.; MacMurdy, P.H.

1980-12-01

The List contains nine categories of events involving NRC licensed material or licensees. It is deliberately broad in scope for two main reasons. First, the list is designed to serve as a reference document. It is as complete and accurate as possible. Second, the list is intended to provide as broad a perspective of the nature of licensee-related events as possible. The nine categories of events are as follows: bomb-related events; intrusion events; missing and/or allegedly stolen events; transportation-related events; vandalism events; arson events; firearms-related events; sabotage events; and miscellaneous events

Event-By-Event Initial Conditions for Heavy Ion Collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rose, S; Fries, R J

2017-01-01

The early time dynamics of heavy ion collisions can be described by classical fields in an approximation of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) called Color Glass Condensate (CGC). Monte-Carlo sampling of the color charge for the incoming nuclei are used to calculate their classical gluon fields. Following the recent work by Chen et al. we calculate the energy momentum tensor of those fields at early times in the collision event-by-event. This can then be used for subsequent hydrodynamic evolution of the single events. (paper)

Event-By-Event Initial Conditions for Heavy Ion Collisions

Science.gov (United States)

Rose, S.; Fries, R. J.

2017-04-01

The early time dynamics of heavy ion collisions can be described by classical fields in an approximation of Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) called Color Glass Condensate (CGC). Monte-Carlo sampling of the color charge for the incoming nuclei are used to calculate their classical gluon fields. Following the recent work by Chen et al. we calculate the energy momentum tensor of those fields at early times in the collision event-by-event. This can then be used for subsequent hydrodynamic evolution of the single events.

Episodes, events, and models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sangeet eKhemlani

2015-10-01

Full Text Available We describe a novel computational theory of how individuals segment perceptual information into representations of events. The theory is inspired by recent findings in the cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience of event segmentation. In line with recent theories, it holds that online event segmentation is automatic, and that event segmentation yields mental simulations of events. But it posits two novel principles as well: first, discrete episodic markers track perceptual and conceptual changes, and can be retrieved to construct event models. Second, the process of retrieving and reconstructing those episodic markers is constrained and prioritized. We describe a computational implementation of the theory, as well as a robotic extension of the theory that demonstrates the processes of online event segmentation and event model construction. The theory is the first unified computational account of event segmentation and temporal inference. We conclude by demonstrating now neuroimaging data can constrain and inspire the construction of process-level theories of human reasoning.

A Mosque event

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Simonsen, Kirsten; Neergaard, Maja de; Koefoed, Lasse Martin

2017-01-01

and public imaginations attached to it. And they are connected to a specific event – the opening of the mosque. In the first part, a conceptual framework is presented bringing together literature on three notions: encounters, visibility and the event. Following this, the paper explores the opening event...

The global event system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winans, J.

1994-01-01

The support for the global event system has been designed to allow an application developer to control the APS event generator and receiver boards. This is done by the use of four new record types. These records are customized and are only supported by the device support modules for the APS event generator and receiver boards. The use of the global event system and its associated records should not be confused with the vanilla EPICS events and the associated event records. They are very different

Causal events enter awareness faster than non-causal events

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pieter Moors

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Philosophers have long argued that causality cannot be directly observed but requires a conscious inference (Hume, 1967. Albert Michotte however developed numerous visual phenomena in which people seemed to perceive causality akin to primary visual properties like colour or motion (Michotte, 1946. Michotte claimed that the perception of causality did not require a conscious, deliberate inference but, working over 70 years ago, he did not have access to the experimental methods to test this claim. Here we employ Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS—an interocular suppression technique to render stimuli invisible (Tsuchiya & Koch, 2005—to test whether causal events enter awareness faster than non-causal events. We presented observers with ‘causal’ and ‘non-causal’ events, and found consistent evidence that participants become aware of causal events more rapidly than non-causal events. Our results suggest that, whilst causality must be inferred from sensory evidence, this inference might be computed at low levels of perceptual processing, and does not depend on a deliberative conscious evaluation of the stimulus. This work therefore supports Michotte’s contention that, like colour or motion, causality is an immediate property of our perception of the world.

Event planning the ultimate guide to successful meetings, corporate events, fundraising galas, conferences, conventions, incentives and other special events

CERN Document Server

Allen, Judy

2009-01-01

This bestselling all–in–one guide to the event planning business is back and better than ever, fully updated and revised to reflect the very latest trends and best practices in the industry. This handy, comprehensive guide includes forms, checklists, and tips for managing events, as well as examples and case studies of both successful and unsuccessful events. Judy Allen (Toronto, ON, Canada) is founder and President of Judy Allen Productions, a full–service event planning production company.

Event-by-Event Observables and Fluctuations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petersen, Hannah

2013-01-01

In this talk the status and open questions of the phenomenological description of all the stages of a heavy ion reaction are highlighted. Special emphasis is put on event-by-event fluctuations and associated observables. The first part is concentrated on high RHIC and LHC energies and the second part reviews the challenges for modeling heavy ion reactions at lower beam energies in a more realistic fashion. Overall, the main conclusion is that sophisticated theoretical dynamical approaches that describe many observables in the same framework are essential for the quantitative understanding of the properties of hot and dense nuclear matter

A study on friction welding of localized SPS5 spring steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeong, S. U. [Gyeongsang National Univ., Jinju (Korea, Republic of)

2000-07-01

This thesis studied whether friction welding of SPS5, localized torsion bar material could be accomplished or not. And then optimum welding conditions were examined and leaded through tensile, impact, torsion and hardness test after postweld heat treatment of the actual field condition. Obtained results were as follows; linear relationship was existed between heating time and total upset, and a quadratic equation model could be made between tensile strength and heating time. Optimum welding conditions with fine structure were as follows in case total upset(U)= 8.5mm; the number of rotations(n)= 2,000 rpm, heating pressure(p{sub 1})= 80 MPa, upset pressure(P{sub 2})200 MPa, heating time(t{sub 1})= 4 sec, upset time(t{sub 2})= 3 sec.

Friction welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsujino, R.; Ochi, H. [Osaka Inst. of Tech., Osaka (Japan); Kawai, G. [Osaka Sangyo Univ., Osaka (Japan); Yamaguchi, H.; Ogawa, K. [Osaka Prefecture Univ., Osaka (Japan); Suga, Y. [Keio Univ., Kanagawa (Japan)

2003-07-01

In this paper, for an acceleration of utilization of magnesium alloy which is being interested in recent years, friction welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy was carried out, and the joint performance was discussed in relation to the deformation heat input in the upset stage and upset loss as a evaluation factor. Where, the deformation heat input in the upset stage is mechanical work represented by the product of upset speed and axial pressure. As a result, it was made clear that the friction welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy was easy in the atmosphere, and good welded joints without a non- adhesion area at the weld interface could de obtained. Moreover, the evaluation factors discussed were possible to evaluate to joint performance. (orig.)

Dynamics of Charged Events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bachas, Constantin; Bunster, Claudio; Henneaux, Marc

2009-01-01

In three spacetime dimensions the world volume of a magnetic source is a single point, an event. We make the event dynamical by regarding it as the imprint of a flux-carrying particle impinging from an extra dimension. This can be generalized to higher spacetime dimensions and to extended events. We exhibit universal observable consequences of the existence of events and argue that events are as important as particles or branes. We explain how events arise on the world volume of membranes in M theory, and in a Josephson junction in superconductivity.

ATLAS event at 13 TeV - Multijet Exotics Search Event Display - 2015 data

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS Collaboration

2015-01-01

Run 279984, Event 1079767163 A 10 jet event selected in the search for strong gravity in multijet final states (CERN-PH-EP-2015-312). The scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT) of the event is 4.4 TeV. Run 282712, Event 474587238 The event with the largest scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT) selected in the search for strong gravity in multijet final states (CERN-PH-EP-2015-312). The HT of the event is 6.4 TeV.

Event display of a H -> 2e2mu candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 2e2mu candidate event with m(4l) = 122.6 (123.9) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 87.9 GeV and 19.6 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-Jun-2012, 11:07:47 CEST in run number 205113 as event number 12611816. Zoom into the tracking detector. Muon tracks are colored red, electron tracks and clusters in the LAr calorimeter are colored green.

Initiating events frequency determination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simic, Z.; Mikulicic, V.; Vukovic, I.

2004-01-01

The paper describes work performed for the Nuclear Power Station (NPS). Work is related to the periodic initiating events frequency update for the Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA). Data for all relevant NPS initiating events (IE) were reviewed. The main focus was on events occurring during most recent operating history (i.e., last four years). The final IE frequencies were estimated by incorporating both NPS experience and nuclear industry experience. Each event was categorized according to NPS individual plant examination (IPE) initiating events grouping approach. For the majority of the IE groups, few, or no events have occurred at the NPS. For those IE groups with few or no NPS events, the final estimate was made by means of a Bayesian update with general nuclear industry values. Exceptions are rare loss-of-coolant-accidents (LOCA) events, where evaluation of engineering aspects is used in order to determine frequency.(author)

An SEU-hardened latch with a triple-interlocked structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Yuanqing; Yao Suying; Xu Jiangtao; Gao Jing

2012-01-01

A single event upset (SEU) tolerant latch with a triple-interlocked structure is presented. Its self-recovery mechanism is implemented by using three pairs of guard-gates and inverters to construct feedback lines inside the structure. This latch effectively suppresses the effects of charge deposition at any single internal node caused by particle strikes. Three recently reported SEU-hardened latches are chosen and compared with this latch in terms of reliability. The potential problems that these three latches could still get flipped due to single event effects or single event effects plus crosstalk coupling are pointed out, which can be mitigated by this proposed latch. The SEU tolerance of each latch design is evaluated through circuit-level SEU injection simulation. Furthermore, discussions on the crosstalk robustness and some other characteristics of these latches are also presented. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Bixina, Norbixina e Quercetina e seus efeitos no metabolismo lipídico de coelhos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Ramos Paes Lima

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Os flavonóides apresentam diversas atividades biológicas (antioxidantes, antiinflamatórios, anticancerígenos, dentre outras e estreitas correlações entre o consumo de alimentos ricos em flavonóides e doenças cardíacas. Pesquisas mostram que os flavonóides 7-glicosil-apigenina, 7-bissulfato-apigenina, 7-glicosil-luteolina, 7-bissulfato-luteolina e os corantes bixina e norbixina foram isolados e identificadas suas estruturas de sementes de urucum. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar, isoladamente bixina, norbixina e a quercetina, presentes no urucum e a associação da bixina com a quercetina, para verificar seus efeitos hipolipidêmicos em coelhos. A hiperlipidemia foi induzida misturando à ração colesterol 1% + ácido cólico 0,1%, durante 28 dias. As substâncias testadas foram fornecidas na dose de 0,01 mol/kg de peso corporal, por via oral, em cápsulas. Após 28 dias, as dosagens sorológicas foram efetuadas e os resultados expressos em mg/dL de colesterol, colesterol-HDL e triacilgliceróis. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a bixina apresentou o maior valor na redução do colesterol total embora não tenha sido significativo na manutenção dos níveis elevados de colesterol-HDL e a quercetina na redução dos triacilgliceróis. A bixina apresentou melhor eficácia em relação ao colesterol-HDL uma vez que a redução deste parâmetro foi menor (-11,43% ao se comparar o grupo 3 com o grupo 2, sendo vantajoso, já que esta lipoproteína transporta o colesterol da circulação sangüínea para o fígado. Com relação à concentração de triacilgliceróis, a quercetina apresentou a maior percentagem de redução e a associação bixina + quercetina apresentou uma percentagem de --38,92%, que foi maior que a bixina isoladamente. Assim, estas substâncias apresentaram potencial para serem, futuramente, utilizadas como fármacos, no tratamento e/ou na prevenção de doenças cardíacas, diabetes e outras.

On semirecurrent events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dvurechenskij, A.

1984-01-01

In some problems of the mathematical theory of particle counters, film or filmless measurements of track ionization in high energy physics,queueing theory, random walks, etc., the classes of emirecurrent and m-semirecurrent events, which generalize the recurrent events and the recurrent events with delay, appeared. In the paper their basic properties, and some relationships between them are shown

Event management for large scale event-driven digital hardware spiking neural networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Caron, Louis-Charles; D'Haene, Michiel; Mailhot, Frédéric; Schrauwen, Benjamin; Rouat, Jean

2013-09-01

The interest in brain-like computation has led to the design of a plethora of innovative neuromorphic systems. Individually, spiking neural networks (SNNs), event-driven simulation and digital hardware neuromorphic systems get a lot of attention. Despite the popularity of event-driven SNNs in software, very few digital hardware architectures are found. This is because existing hardware solutions for event management scale badly with the number of events. This paper introduces the structured heap queue, a pipelined digital hardware data structure, and demonstrates its suitability for event management. The structured heap queue scales gracefully with the number of events, allowing the efficient implementation of large scale digital hardware event-driven SNNs. The scaling is linear for memory, logarithmic for logic resources and constant for processing time. The use of the structured heap queue is demonstrated on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with an image segmentation experiment and a SNN of 65,536 neurons and 513,184 synapses. Events can be processed at the rate of 1 every 7 clock cycles and a 406×158 pixel image is segmented in 200 ms. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Das ondas que se fizeram mar em Rio Grande : a construção de um projeto de educação ambiental no entrelaçamento das trajetórias de vida dos seus autores

OpenAIRE

Vinícius Lima Lousada

2006-01-01

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a proposta de Educação Ambiental (EA) Ondas que te quero mar, desenvolvida pelo Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental, na cidade do Rio Grande/RS, para a Rede Pública de Ensino Municipal, articulado com as trajetórias de vida de seus autores, onde procuro demonstrar essa conexão no quefazer metodológico dessa proposta. As reflexões aqui expostas baseiam-se em referenciais teóricos sobre Educação, Educação Ambiental e Pesquisa Social, sendo a maio...

Events as spaces for upgrading : Automotive events in Shanghai

NARCIS (Netherlands)

E. van Tuijl (Erwin); K. Dittrich (Koen)

2015-01-01

textabstractThis study contributes to the literature dealing with upgrading of the Chinese automotive industry by analysing the role of events in the upgrading process. By combining literature on temporary clusters with that of knowledge sourcing and upgrading, we investigate how firms use events

Contributos dos doutores palhaços da Operação Nariz Vermelho para a qualidade da adaptação e do desenvolvimento em contexto pediátrico: o olhar da criança e seus pais

OpenAIRE

Esteves, Carla Hiolanda Ferreira

2015-01-01

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação (Área Especialidade em Psicologia da Educação) A hospitalização pediátrica surge, habitualmente, como um momento particularmente difícil do percurso desenvolvimental da criança ou do adolescente, podendo, nalguns casos, revelar-se como uma experiência traumática (Oliveira, 1997; Parcianello & Felin, 2008). O desenraizamento dos seus contextos habituais, a submissão a procedimentos intrusivos e/ou dolorosos ou, ainda, a imersão num mu...

Features, Events, and Processes: Disruptive Events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

P. Sanchez

2004-01-01

The purpose of this analysis report is to evaluate and document the inclusion or exclusion of the disruptive events features, events, and processes (FEPs) with respect to modeling used to support the total system performance assessment for license application (TSPA-LA). A screening decision, either ''Included'' or ''Excluded,'' is given for each FEP, along with the technical basis for screening decisions. This information is required by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at 10 CFR 63.114 (d), (e), and (f) [DIRS 156605]. The FEPs addressed in this report deal with both seismic and igneous disruptive events, such as fault displacements through the repository and an igneous intrusion into the repository. For included FEPs, this analysis summarizes the implementation of the FEP in TSPA-LA (i.e., how the FEP is included). For excluded FEPs, this analysis provides the technical basis for exclusion from TSPA-LA (i.e., why the FEP is excluded). Previous versions of this report were developed to support the total system performance assessments (TSPA) for various prior repository designs. This revision addresses the repository design for the license application (LA)

Features, Events, and Processes: Disruptive Events

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

P. Sanchez

2004-11-08

The purpose of this analysis report is to evaluate and document the inclusion or exclusion of the disruptive events features, events, and processes (FEPs) with respect to modeling used to support the total system performance assessment for license application (TSPA-LA). A screening decision, either ''Included'' or ''Excluded,'' is given for each FEP, along with the technical basis for screening decisions. This information is required by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at 10 CFR 63.114 (d), (e), and (f) [DIRS 156605]. The FEPs addressed in this report deal with both seismic and igneous disruptive events, such as fault displacements through the repository and an igneous intrusion into the repository. For included FEPs, this analysis summarizes the implementation of the FEP in TSPA-LA (i.e., how the FEP is included). For excluded FEPs, this analysis provides the technical basis for exclusion from TSPA-LA (i.e., why the FEP is excluded). Previous versions of this report were developed to support the total system performance assessments (TSPA) for various prior repository designs. This revision addresses the repository design for the license application (LA).

Caracterização e diversidade genética do capim-elefante e seus híbridos com milheto mediante padrões isoenzimáticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

FREITAS NARA SUZY AGUIAR DE

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliadas isoenzimaticamente sete cultivares de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum e seus híbridos com milheto (P. americanum, selecionados pela Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA, visando à identificação de acessos. Foram estudados, em gel de poliacrilamida, os sistemas peroxidase (POX, esterase (EST, glutamato oxalacetato transaminase (GOT, leucina aminopeptidase (LAP, álcool-desidrogenase (ADH e fosfatase ácida (ACP, em folhas jovens, aos 28 dias após o corte de uniformização. Não foi observada atividade isoenzimática da ADH e observou-se baixa resolução do sistema LAP, os quais não são indicados para caracterização dos germoplasmas. Os padrões de ACP, GOT, POX e EST permitiram conhecer os fenótipos dos 14 acessos estudados. Foram revelados 9, 3, 13 e 19 diferentes padrões de bandas, respectivamente, sendo possível a identificação da coleção de forma rápida e segura utilizando apenas os padrões de esterase.

A Prática Relacional Existente entre um Fabricante e seus Distribuidores e a Percepção de Valor do Relacionamento na Díade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deonir De Toni

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Os relacionamentos interorganizacionais têm despertado inúmeros estudos na área do marketing de relacionamento. Assim sendo, o objetivo central deste trabalho foi o de verificar qual o impacto da prática relacional na díade fabricante e distribuidor sobre a percepção de valor do relacionamento. A partir da utilização de escalas validadas foi realizada uma survey envolvendo o pessoal de linha de frente (PLF do fabricante e seus clientes (distribuidores, sendo que a análise de dados se deu, basicamente, pela técnica da Modelagem de Equações Estr uturais. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram as hipóteses de pesquisa relativas ao modelo teórico testado, contribuindo para a avaliação dos relacionamentos no contexto da díade. A avaliação sobre os dois tipos de agente (PLF do fabricante e clientes in dicou diferenças de percepção no relacionamento, o que pode direcionar estratégias e ações mais assertivas.

Sensitivity studies on the approaches for addressing multiple initiating events in fire events PSA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kang, Dae Il; Lim, Ho Gon [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

A single fire event within a fire compartment or a fire scenario can cause multiple initiating events (IEs). As an example, a fire in a turbine building fire area can cause a loss of the main feed-water (LOMF) and loss of off-site power (LOOP) IEs. Previous domestic fire events PSA had considered only the most severe initiating event among multiple initiating events. NUREG/CR-6850 and ANS/ASME PRA Standard require that multiple IEs are to be addressed in fire events PSA. In this paper, sensitivity studies on the approaches for addressing multiple IEs in fire events PSA for Hanul Unit 3 were performed and their results were presented. In this paper, sensitivity studies on the approaches for addressing multiple IEs in fire events PSA are performed and their results were presented. From the sensitivity analysis results, we can find that the incorporations of multiple IEs into fire events PSA model result in the core damage frequency (CDF) increase and may lead to the generation of the duplicate cutsets. Multiple IEs also can occur at internal flooding event or other external events such as seismic event. They should be considered in the constructions of PSA models in order to realistically estimate risk due to flooding or seismic events.

Event-by-event particle multiplicity fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arslandok, Mesut [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt (Germany); Collaboration: ALICE-Collaboration

2014-07-01

The study of event-by-event fluctuations of identified hadrons may reveal the degrees of freedom of the strongly interacting mater created in heavy-ion collisions. Particle identification that is based on the measurement of the specific ionization energy loss dE/dx works well on a statistical basis, however, suffers from ambiguities when applied on the event-by-event level. A novel experimental technique called the ''Identity Method'' was recently proposed to overcome such limitations. The method follows a probabilistic approach using the inclusive dE/dx distributions measured in the ALICE TPC, and determines the moments of the multiplicity distributions by an unfolding procedure. In this contribution, the status of an event-by-event fluctuation analysis that applies the Identity Method to Pb-Pb data from ALICE is presented.

Social Networks and Cyber-bullying among Teenagers

OpenAIRE

RIZZA CAROLINE; MARTINHO GUIMARAES PIRES PEREIRA Angela

2013-01-01

In the digital society, even if ICT offers new opportunities and benefits to teenagers, it also poses significant challenges to them. More and more teenagers are becoming victims of aggression via ICT. In Europe, among the 9-16 year-old participants in the EU Kids Online survey (2011): 33 % were bothered or upset by inappropriate material online, 12 % were bothered or upset meeting online contacts offline, and 80 % were fairly or very upset by cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying does not respect b...

Comparison between SRAM SEE cross-sections from ion beam testing with those obtained using a new picosecond pulsed laser facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, R.; Chugg, A.M.; Jones, C.M.S.; Duncan, P.H.; Dyer, C.S.; Sanderson, C.

1999-01-01

A laser system has been designed to be capable of delivering large numbers of pulses across a micro-chip die under computer control, so as rapidly to generate upset and latch-up cross-section curves, in order to provide an efficient screening tool for SEE (single event effect) susceptibility. The system has been automated to make screening of parts for use in an SEE environment fast, efficient and inexpensive. A comparison between ion beam test results and laser test results has been used to develop initial calibrations between laser energy and LET (linear energy transfer)

Methodology for assessment of safety risk due to potential accidents in US gaseous diffusion plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turner, J.H.; O'Kain, D.U.

1991-01-01

Gaseous diffusion plants that operate in the United States represent a unique combination of nuclear and chemical hazards. Assessing and controlling the health, safety, and environmental risks that can result from natural phenomena events, process upset conditions, and operator errors require a unique methodology. Such a methodology has been developed for the diffusion plants and is being utilized to assess and control the risk of operating the plants. A summary of the methodology developed to assess the unique safety risks at the US gaseous diffusion plants is presented in this paper

Automating the CMS DAQ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bauer, G; Darlea, G-L; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Bawej, T; Chaze, O; Coarasa, J A; Deldicque, C; Dobson, M; Dupont, A; Gigi, D; Glege, F; Gomez-Reino, R; Hartl, C; Hegeman, J; Masetti, L; Behrens, U; Branson, J; Cittolin, S; Holzner, A; Erhan, S

2014-01-01

We present the automation mechanisms that have been added to the Data Acquisition and Run Control systems of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment during Run 1 of the LHC, ranging from the automation of routine tasks to automatic error recovery and context-sensitive guidance to the operator. These mechanisms helped CMS to maintain a data taking efficiency above 90% and to even improve it to 95% towards the end of Run 1, despite an increase in the occurrence of single-event upsets in sub-detector electronics at high LHC luminosity.

Designing for a safe response to operational and severe accident initiators in the Integral Fast Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilim, R.B.

1994-01-01

A method is described for optimizing the plant control strategy for a liquid metal reactor with respect to safety margins sustained in unprotected upset events. The optimization is performed subject to the normal requirements for reactor startup, load change and compensation for reactivity changes over the cycle. The method provides a formal approach to the process of exploiting the innate self-regulating property of a metal fueled reactor to make it less dependent on operator action and less vulnerable to automatic control system fault and/or operator error

The fast neutron SEU cross section of a 4 Mb SRAM memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira Junior, Evaldo C.F.; Goncalez, Odair L.; Cruz, Marco Aurelio da; Prado, Adriane Cristina Mendes; Federico, Claudio Antonio; Gaspar, Felipe de Barros

2013-01-01

The results of a static test of single event upset (SEU) produced by fast neutrons on an ISSI 4Mb SRAM memory are reported in this work. To perform the tests, it was built a platform based on a motherboard which is controlled by microprocessor, whose function is to perform the writing, reading and control of the memories under irradiation. The irradiation was performed with a set of 8 241 Am-Be neutrons source in a quasi-isotropic incidence. The SEU cross was calculated from the accumulated bit flip count. (author)

Event Coverage Detection and Event Source Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhangbing Zhou

2015-12-01

Full Text Available With the advent of the Internet of Underwater Things, smart things are deployed in the ocean space and establish underwater wireless sensor networks for the monitoring of vast and dynamic underwater environments. When events are found to have possibly occurred, accurate event coverage should be detected, and potential event sources should be determined for the enactment of prompt and proper responses. To address this challenge, a technique that detects event coverage and determines event sources is developed in this article. Specifically, the occurrence of possible events corresponds to a set of neighboring sensor nodes whose sensory data may deviate from a normal sensing range in a collective fashion. An appropriate sensor node is selected as the relay node for gathering and routing sensory data to sink node(s. When sensory data are collected at sink node(s, the event coverage is detected and represented as a weighted graph, where the vertices in this graph correspond to sensor nodes and the weight specified upon the edges reflects the extent of sensory data deviating from a normal sensing range. Event sources are determined, which correspond to the barycenters in this graph. The results of the experiments show that our technique is more energy efficient, especially when the network topology is relatively steady.

The Eric Cantor Upset

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ashbee, Edward

2014-01-01

US update. The surprise primary defat of Eric Cantor, which shows that the Tea Party is still in business......US update. The surprise primary defat of Eric Cantor, which shows that the Tea Party is still in business...

Event boundaries and anaphoric reference.

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, Alexis N; Radvansky, Gabriel A

2016-06-01

The current study explored the finding that parsing a narrative into separate events impairs anaphor resolution. According to the Event Horizon Model, when a narrative event boundary is encountered, a new event model is created. Information associated with the prior event model is removed from working memory. So long as the event model containing the anaphor referent is currently being processed, this information should still be available when there is no narrative event boundary, even if reading has been disrupted by a working-memory-clearing distractor task. In those cases, readers may reactivate their prior event model, and anaphor resolution would not be affected. Alternatively, comprehension may not be as event oriented as this account suggests. Instead, any disruption of the contents of working memory during comprehension, event related or not, may be sufficient to disrupt anaphor resolution. In this case, reading comprehension would be more strongly guided by other, more basic language processing mechanisms and the event structure of the described events would play a more minor role. In the current experiments, participants were given stories to read in which we included, between the anaphor and its referent, either the presence of a narrative event boundary (Experiment 1) or a narrative event boundary along with a working-memory-clearing distractor task (Experiment 2). The results showed that anaphor resolution was affected by narrative event boundaries but not by a working-memory-clearing distractor task. This is interpreted as being consistent with the Event Horizon Model of event cognition.

Fusion events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aboufirassi, M; Angelique, J.C.; Bizard, G.; Bougault, R.; Brou, R.; Buta, A.; Colin, J.; Cussol, D.; Durand, D.; Genoux-Lubain, A.; Horn, D.; Kerambrun, A.; Laville, J.L.; Le Brun, C.; Lecolley, J.F.; Lefebvres, F.; Lopez, O.; Louvel, M.; Meslin, C.; Metivier, V.; Nakagawa, T.; Peter, J.; Popescu, R.; Regimbart, R.; Steckmeyer, J.C.; Tamain, B.; Vient, E.; Wieloch, A.; Yuasa-Nakagawa, K.

1998-01-01

The fusion reactions between low energy heavy ions have a very high cross section. First measurements at energies around 30-40 MeV/nucleon indicated no residue of either complete or incomplete fusion, thus demonstrating the disappearance of this process. This is explained as being due to the high amount o energies transferred to the nucleus, what leads to its total dislocation in light fragments and particles. Exclusive analyses have permitted to mark clearly the presence of fusion processes in heavy systems at energies above 30-40 MeV/nucleon. Among the complete events of the Kr + Au reaction at 60 MeV/nucleon the majority correspond to binary collisions. Nevertheless, for the most considerable energy losses, a class of events do occur for which the detected fragments appears to be emitted from a unique source. These events correspond to an incomplete projectile-target fusion followed by a multifragmentation. Such events were singled out also in the reaction Xe + Sn at 50 MeV/nucleon. For the events in which the energy dissipation was maximal it was possible to isolate an isotropic group of events showing all the characteristics of fusion nuclei. The fusion is said to be incomplete as pre-equilibrium Z = 1 and Z = 2 particles are emitted. The cross section is of the order of 25 mb. Similar conclusions were drown for the systems 36 Ar + 27 Al and 64 Zn + nat Ti. A cross section value of ∼ 20 mb was determined at 55 MeV/nucleon in the first case, while the measurement of evaporation light residues in the last system gave an upper limit of 20-30 mb for the cross section at 50 MeV/nucleon

Event-by-event fluctuations of mean transverse momentum in Au·Au ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. We report results on event-by-event fluctuations in mean transverse momentum in ... 0.150 < pt < 2.0 GeV/c are selected for the analysis. ... for gamma distribution are the mean event multiplicity, M , and the mean and variance of.

Use of the Hadoop structured storage tools for the ATLAS EventIndex event catalogue

CERN Document Server

Favareto, Andrea; The ATLAS collaboration; Cardenas Zarate, Simon Ernesto; Cranshaw, Jack; Fernandez Casani, Alvaro; Gallas, Elizabeth; Gonzalez de la Hoz, Santiago; Hrivnac, Julius; Malon, David; Prokoshin, Fedor; Salt, Jose; Sanchez, Javier; Toebbicke, Rainer; Yuan, Ruijun; Garcia Montoro, Carlos

2015-01-01

The ATLAS experiment collects billions of events per year of data-taking, and processes them to make them available for physics analysis in several different formats. An even larger amount of events is in addition simulated according to physics and detector models and then reconstructed and analysed to be compared to real events. The EventIndex is a catalogue of all events in each production stage; it includes for each event a few identification parameters, some basic non-mutable information coming from the online system, and the references to the files that contain the event in each format (plus the internal pointers to the event within each file for quick retrieval). Each EventIndex record is logically simple but the system has to hold many tens of billions of records, all equally important. The Hadoop technology was selected at the start of the EventIndex project development in 2012 and proved to be robust and flexible to accommodate this kind of information; both the insertion times and query response tim...

Event display of a H -> 2e2mu candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 2e2mu candidate event with m(4l) = 122.6 (123.9) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 87.9 GeV and 19.6 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-Jun-2012, 11:07:47 CEST in run number 205113 as event number 12611816. Muon tracks are colored red, electron tracks and clusters in the LAr calorimeter are colored green. The larger inset shows a zoom into the tracking detector. The smaller inset shows a zoom into the vertex region, indicating that the 4 leptons originate from the same primary vertex.

Treatment of external events in the linked event tree methodology NPP Goesgen - Daeniken example

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kozlik, Thomas

2014-01-01

The NPP Goesgen-Daeniken uses a combined level 1 / level 2 PSA model for its event analyses. The model uses a linked event tree approach, using the software RISKMAN R . Each initiating event passes through a modularized event tree structure, consisting of external events pre-trees, alignment and support systems trees and front-line and containment response trees. This paper explains the structure of the linked event trees. Switches are used to bypass certain trees for specific initiating events. The screening process applied to possible external events is explained. The final scope of considered natural external events in the Goesgen PSA consists of earthquakes, seasonal events causing cooling water intake plugging or external floods. The structure of the natural external events pre-trees is explained. The treatment of external floods is explained in more detail. Floods at the Goesgen site are caused by extreme river flows into the old branch of the Aare river. A new model has been developed to analyse the probabilistic flood hazard using a bivariate distribution (water level and flood duration). Analysing the statistical data, the time trend had to be considered. The Goesgen PSA models 7 external flood initiating events, considering different water levels and durations at the flooded plant site. The building fragilities were developed in terms of resistance times. The RISKMAN R external flood pre-tree consists of top events for operator actions and failure of the building functions, which leads to the functional failure of equipment located at the lower elevation of the building. (author)

Event boundaries and memory improvement.

Science.gov (United States)

Pettijohn, Kyle A; Thompson, Alexis N; Tamplin, Andrea K; Krawietz, Sabine A; Radvansky, Gabriel A

2016-03-01

The structure of events can influence later memory for information that is embedded in them, with evidence indicating that event boundaries can both impair and enhance memory. The current study explored whether the presence of event boundaries during encoding can structure information to improve memory. In Experiment 1, memory for a list of words was tested in which event structure was manipulated by having participants walk through a doorway, or not, halfway through the word list. In Experiment 2, memory for lists of words was tested in which event structure was manipulated using computer windows. Finally, in Experiments 3 and 4, event structure was manipulated by having event shifts described in narrative texts. The consistent finding across all of these methods and materials was that memory was better when the information was distributed across two events rather than combined into a single event. Moreover, Experiment 4 demonstrated that increasing the number of event boundaries from one to two increased the memory benefit. These results are interpreted in the context of the Event Horizon Model of event cognition. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sudden Event Recognition: A Survey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Event recognition is one of the most active research areas in video surveillance fields. Advancement in event recognition systems mainly aims to provide convenience, safety and an efficient lifestyle for humanity. A precise, accurate and robust approach is necessary to enable event recognition systems to respond to sudden changes in various uncontrolled environments, such as the case of an emergency, physical threat and a fire or bomb alert. The performance of sudden event recognition systems depends heavily on the accuracy of low level processing, like detection, recognition, tracking and machine learning algorithms. This survey aims to detect and characterize a sudden event, which is a subset of an abnormal event in several video surveillance applications. This paper discusses the following in detail: (1 the importance of a sudden event over a general anomalous event; (2 frameworks used in sudden event recognition; (3 the requirements and comparative studies of a sudden event recognition system and (4 various decision-making approaches for sudden event recognition. The advantages and drawbacks of using 3D images from multiple cameras for real-time application are also discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research directions in sudden event recognition.

Do livro A montanha mágica ao filme Rumo à vida: a obra político-sanitária promovida por Bissaya Barreto e os seus sanatórios antituberculosos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Do livro A montanha mágica ao filme Rumo à vida: a obra político-sanitária promovida por Bissaya Barreto e os seus sanatórios antituberculosos Ricardo Jerónimo Azevedo Silva

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Este texto visa colocar em relação três planos distintos, mas complementares: os edifícios antituberculosos construídos, na década de 1930, na região de Coimbra; o livro A Montanha Mágica, publicado por Thomas Mann, em 1924, exemplo definidor do ambiente dos sanatórios enquanto espaço de conversão física e espiritual, e o filme promocional Rumo à Vida, de 1950, divulgador da obra promovida por Bissaya Barreto. Através de uma análise que se foca nos seus pontos de contacto, busca-se sintetizar alguns dos paralelismos de uma narrativa literária, cinematográfica e arquitetónica, que tem como cenário as estruturas sanatoriais.

Underlying Event and B-Hadron Decays in $t\\overline{t}$ Events

CERN Document Server

INSPIRE-00175000

2014-01-01

We present exploratory studies of the underlying event activity and of fragmentation and hadronization of b quarks using $t\\overline{t}$ candidate events in proton-proton collision data acquired by the CMS experiment. We reconstruct charm mesons in fully charged decay channels from the reconstructed tracks associated with the hadronization of b quarks from the top decay, and study their kinematics relative to the mother jet. A good agreement is found using MadGraph plus the Pythia 6 Tune Z2* simulation. The effects predicted by alternative settings and generators for the characterization of the underlying event are also explored. These results are expected to contribute in the future to more precise measurements in the top quark sector in particular of the top quark mass by either constraining systematic uncertainties related to the modeling of the underlying event in $t\\overline{t}$ events or by paving the way for alternative mass measurement methods.

Event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions in ALICE

CERN Document Server

Mukherjee, Maitreyee

2016-01-01

Fluctuations of various observables in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies have been extensively studied as they provide important signals regarding the formation of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Because of the large number of produced particles in each event, a detailed study of event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations has been proposed as one of the signatures of the phase transition. In addition, the understanding of multiplicity fluctuations is essential for other event-by-event measurements. In the present work, we have calculated the scaled variance ($\\omega_{\\rm ch}=\\sigma^{\\rm 2} / \\mu$) of the charged-particle multiplicity distributions as a function of centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies. Here, $\\mu$ and $\\sigma$ denote the mean and the width of the multiplicity distributions, respectively. The trend of scaled variances as a function of centrality is presented and discussed. Volume fluctuations play an important role while measuring the multiplicity fluctuations, which are a...

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... you are experiencing side effects such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. ... you are experiencing side effects such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. ...

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... effects such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. Your doctor may be ... effects such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. Your doctor may be ...

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. Your doctor may be able ... such as a bad metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or upset stomach. Your doctor may be able ...

Trends and characteristics observed in nuclear events based on international nuclear event scale reports

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Norio

2001-01-01

The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) is jointly operated by the IAEA and the OECD-NEA as a means designed for providing prompt, clear and consistent information related to nuclear events, that occurred at nuclear facilities, and facilitating communication between the nuclear community, the media and the public. Nuclear events are reported to the INES with the Scale', a consistent safety significance indicator, which runs from level 0, for events with no safety significance, to level 7 for a major accident with widespread health and environmental effects. Since the operation of INES was initiated in 1990, approximately 500 events have been reported and disseminated. The present paper discusses the trends observed in nuclear events, such as overall trends of the reported events and characteristics of safety significant events with level 2 or higher, based on the INES reports. (author)

An SEU resistant 256K SOI SRAM

Science.gov (United States)

Hite, L. R.; Lu, H.; Houston, T. W.; Hurta, D. S.; Bailey, W. E.

1992-12-01

A novel SEU (single event upset) resistant SRAM (static random access memory) cell has been implemented in a 256K SOI (silicon on insulator) SRAM that has attractive performance characteristics over the military temperature range of -55 to +125 C. These include worst-case access time of 40 ns with an active power of only 150 mW at 25 MHz, and a worst-case minimum WRITE pulse width of 20 ns. Measured SEU performance gives an Adams 10 percent worst-case error rate of 3.4 x 10 exp -11 errors/bit-day using the CRUP code with a conservative first-upset LET threshold. Modeling does show that higher bipolar gain than that measured on a sample from the SRAM lot would produce a lower error rate. Measurements show the worst-case supply voltage for SEU to be 5.5 V. Analysis has shown this to be primarily caused by the drain voltage dependence of the beta of the SOI parasitic bipolar transistor. Based on this, SEU experiments with SOI devices should include measurements as a function of supply voltage, rather than the traditional 4.5 V, to determine the worst-case condition.

Mathematical foundations of event trees

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Papazoglou, Ioannis A.

1998-01-01

A mathematical foundation from first principles of event trees is presented. The main objective of this formulation is to offer a formal basis for developing automated computer assisted construction techniques for event trees. The mathematical theory of event trees is based on the correspondence between the paths of the tree and the elements of the outcome space of a joint event. The concept of a basic cylinder set is introduced to describe joint event outcomes conditional on specific outcomes of basic events or unconditional on the outcome of basic events. The concept of outcome space partition is used to describe the minimum amount of information intended to be preserved by the event tree representation. These concepts form the basis for an algorithm for systematic search for and generation of the most compact (reduced) form of an event tree consistent with the minimum amount of information the tree should preserve. This mathematical foundation allows for the development of techniques for automated generation of event trees corresponding to joint events which are formally described through other types of graphical models. Such a technique has been developed for complex systems described by functional blocks and it is reported elsewhere. On the quantification issue of event trees, a formal definition of a probability space corresponding to the event tree outcomes is provided. Finally, a short discussion is offered on the relationship of the presented mathematical theory with the more general use of event trees in reliability analysis of dynamic systems

Event display of a H -> 2e2mu candidate event

CERN Multimedia

ATLAS, Collaboration

2012-01-01

Event display of a H -> 2e2mu candidate event with m(4l) = 122.6 (123.9) GeV without (with) Z mass constraint. The masses of the lepton pairs are 87.9 GeV and 19.6 GeV. The event was recorded by ATLAS on 18-Jun-2012, 11:07:47 CEST in run number 205113 as event number 12611816. Muon tracks are colored red, electron tracks and clusters in the LAr calorimeter are colored green. The Lego plot inset indicates the amount of transverse energy Et measured in the calorimeters. The second inset shows a zoom into the vertex region, indicating that the 4 leptons originate from the same primary vertex.

Advertising Effectiveness In Events

OpenAIRE

Jain, Sushilkumar

2012-01-01

Confronted with decreasing effectiveness of the classic marketing communications, events have become an increasingly popular alternative for marketers. Events constitute one of the most exciting and fastest growing forms of leisure and business. With time, the decreasing effectiveness of classical marketing communications boosted the use of events for marketing and making brand awareness. Event marketing is seen as the unique opportunity to integrate the firm’s communication activities like p...

Features, Events, and Processes: Disruptive Events

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

J. King

2004-03-31

The primary purpose of this analysis is to evaluate seismic- and igneous-related features, events, and processes (FEPs). These FEPs represent areas of natural system processes that have the potential to produce disruptive events (DE) that could impact repository performance and are related to the geologic processes of tectonism, structural deformation, seismicity, and igneous activity. Collectively, they are referred to as the DE FEPs. This evaluation determines which of the DE FEPs are excluded from modeling used to support the total system performance assessment for license application (TSPA-LA). The evaluation is based on the data and results presented in supporting analysis reports, model reports, technical information, or corroborative documents that are cited in the individual FEP discussions in Section 6.2 of this analysis report.

Features, Events, and Processes: Disruptive Events

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

J. King

2004-01-01

The primary purpose of this analysis is to evaluate seismic- and igneous-related features, events, and processes (FEPs). These FEPs represent areas of natural system processes that have the potential to produce disruptive events (DE) that could impact repository performance and are related to the geologic processes of tectonism, structural deformation, seismicity, and igneous activity. Collectively, they are referred to as the DE FEPs. This evaluation determines which of the DE FEPs are excluded from modeling used to support the total system performance assessment for license application (TSPA-LA). The evaluation is based on the data and results presented in supporting analysis reports, model reports, technical information, or corroborative documents that are cited in the individual FEP discussions in Section 6.2 of this analysis report

Soundscapes, events, resistance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Mubi Brighenti

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Put it bluntly, a soundscape is the sonic counterpart, or component, of landscape. From such minimal assumption, some interesting consequences follow: just as landscape is far from being a simple stage-set upon which events take place, soundscape, too, is itself evental, i.e., it consists of events. Not only because its nature, far from being acoustics is always ‘psychoacoustics’, as Murray Schafer (1977/1994 first argued. Processes of environmental perception are of course there.

Conferences and Events

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

André Lavoie

2016-06-14

Jun 14, 2016 ... Approved by the Management Executive Committee. - 1 - ... Event ‒ represents activities related to IDRC operations and may include both ... Events include business meetings; corporate, branch or divisional management.

Human Performance Event Database

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trager, E. A.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe several aspects of a Human Performance Event Database (HPED) that is being developed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These include the background, the database structure and basis for the structure, the process for coding and entering event records, the results of preliminary analyses of information in the database, and plans for the future. In 1992, the Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data (AEOD) within the NRC decided to develop a database for information on human performance during operating events. The database was needed to help classify and categorize the information to help feedback operating experience information to licensees and others. An NRC interoffice working group prepared a list of human performance information that should be reported for events and the list was based on the Human Performance Investigation Process (HPIP) that had been developed by the NRC as an aid in investigating events. The structure of the HPED was based on that list. The HPED currently includes data on events described in augmented inspection team (AIT) and incident investigation team (IIT) reports from 1990 through 1996, AEOD human performance studies from 1990 through 1993, recent NRR special team inspections, and licensee event reports (LERs) that were prepared for the events. (author)

Serious adverse events with infliximab: analysis of spontaneously reported adverse events.

Science.gov (United States)

Hansen, Richard A; Gartlehner, Gerald; Powell, Gregory E; Sandler, Robert S

2007-06-01

Serious adverse events such as bowel obstruction, heart failure, infection, lymphoma, and neuropathy have been reported with infliximab. The aims of this study were to explore adverse event signals with infliximab by using a long period of post-marketing experience, stratifying by indication. The relative reporting of infliximab adverse events to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was assessed with the public release version of the adverse event reporting system (AERS) database from 1968 to third quarter 2005. On the basis of a systematic review of adverse events, Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terms were mapped to predefined categories of adverse events, including death, heart failure, hepatitis, infection, infusion reaction, lymphoma, myelosuppression, neuropathy, and obstruction. Disproportionality analysis was used to calculate the empiric Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) and corresponding 90% confidence intervals (EB05, EB95) for adverse event categories. Infliximab was identified as the suspect medication in 18,220 reports in the FDA AERS database. We identified a signal for lymphoma (EB05 = 6.9), neuropathy (EB05 = 3.8), infection (EB05 = 2.9), and bowel obstruction (EB05 = 2.8). The signal for granulomatous infections was stronger than the signal for non-granulomatous infections (EB05 = 12.6 and 2.4, respectively). The signals for bowel obstruction and infusion reaction were specific to patients with IBD; this suggests potential confounding by indication, especially for bowel obstruction. In light of this additional evidence of risk of lymphoma, neuropathy, and granulomatous infections, clinicians should stress this risk in the shared decision-making process.

Properties of Friction Welding of Dissimilar Metals WCu-Cu Weld for Electrical Contact Device

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An, Y. H.; Yoon, G. G. [Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (Korea); Min, T. K. [Chungnam National University (Korea); Han, B. S. [Chonbuk National University (Korea)

2000-04-01

A copper-tungsten sintered alloy(WCu) has been friction-welded to a tough pitch copper (Cu) in order to investigate friction weldability. The maximum tensile strength of the WCu-Cu friction welded joints had up to 96% of those of the Cu base metal under the condition of friction time 0.6sec, friction pressure 45MPa, upset pressure 125MPa and upset time 5.0sec. And it is confirmed that the tensile strength of friction welded joints are influenced highly by upset pressure rather than friction time. And it is considered that mixed layer was formed in the Cu adjacent side to the weld interface, W particles included in mixed layer induced fracture in the Cu adjacent side to the weld interface and also, thickness of mixed layer was reduced as upset pressure increase. (author). refs., figs., tabs.

Blind parents: their experience in care for their children Padres ciegos: experiencias sobre el cuidado de los hijos Pais cegos: experiências sobre o cuidado dos seus filhos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This study reflects on the difficulties and strategies of blind parents to take care of their children. The situations were related to breastfeeding, bathing, feeding, domestic accidents and administering medication. They use touch, hearing, smelling and the support network, contributing to their autonomy.Reflexiones sobre las dificultades y las estrategias que los padres ciegos usan cuando cuidan a sus hijos. Las situaciones se refieren a amamantar, bañar, alimentar, accidentes domésticos y dar remedios; también sobre el uso del tacto, la audición y el olfato. La importancia de la red social que contribuye para su autonomía.Reflexões sobre dificuldades e estratégias de pais cegos, quando cuidam de seus filhos. As situações referiam-se a amamentar, banhar, alimentar, acidentes domésticos e dar remédio, e o tato, audição e olfato e a rede social contribuindo para sua autonomia.

O USO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO E SEUS REFLEXOS NA CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL E NO COMPARTILHAMENTO DE INFORMAÇÕES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiana Borelli Amorim

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo analisou um sistema de informações baseado em computador. A pesquisa centrou-se na identificação dos entraves para a utilização plena do Sistema Integrado de Processos – SIP, considerando sua importância como ferramenta para o compartilhamento de informações na Prefeitura do Município de Londrina. Para realização da pesquisa, utilizou-se o método estudo de caso, com levantamentos quantitativos na primeira etapa e qualitativos na segunda, o que possibilitou a análise, de forma subjetiva, dos motivos que levam as pessoas a não utilizarem muitos dos recursos informacionais do SIP de forma eficiente. Os resultados demonstram que alguns fatores culturais interferem na utilização de ferramentas informacionais automatizadas e no aproveitamento/compartilhamento das informações, condições que levantam as causas que interferem na pouca utilização do sistema em alguns órgãos do município e podem levar à otimização da utilização de seus recursos. Acredita-se também que este estudo pode servir de base para a implantação de outros sistemas com mesma especificidade de gestão da informação, buscando analisar, a priori, possíveis limitações que poderão influenciar no bom andamento do fluxo de informações.

A Monte Carlo study on event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuation at RHIC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Mingmei

2005-01-01

The experimental observation on the multiplicity dependence of event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuation in relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied using Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the Monte Carlo generator HIJING is unable to describe the experimental phenomenon well. A simple Monte Carlo model is proposed, which can recover the data and thus shed some light on the dynamical origin of the multiplicity dependence of event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuation. (authors)

Seeing Iconic Gestures While Encoding Events Facilitates Children's Memory of These Events.

Science.gov (United States)

Aussems, Suzanne; Kita, Sotaro

2017-11-08

An experiment with 72 three-year-olds investigated whether encoding events while seeing iconic gestures boosts children's memory representation of these events. The events, shown in videos of actors moving in an unusual manner, were presented with either iconic gestures depicting how the actors performed these actions, interactive gestures, or no gesture. In a recognition memory task, children in the iconic gesture condition remembered actors and actions better than children in the control conditions. Iconic gestures were categorized based on how much of the actors was represented by the hands (feet, legs, or body). Only iconic hand-as-body gestures boosted actor memory. Thus, seeing iconic gestures while encoding events facilitates children's memory of those aspects of events that are schematically highlighted by gesture. © 2017 The Authors. Child Development © 2017 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

Assessing the association between omalizumab and arteriothrombotic events through spontaneous adverse event reporting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali AK

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Ayad K Ali, Abraham G HartzemaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USABackground: Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody, indicated for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. In Europe, there have been concerns about the cardiovascular safety of omalizumab. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between omalizumab and arterial thrombotic events in a spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting database in the US.Methods and materials: Reports of arterial thrombotic events submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS between 2004 and 2011 were retrieved and analyzed by the reporting odds ratio data mining algorithm. The reporting odds ratio of arterial thrombotic events for omalizumab was compared with specific asthma medications and all drugs in the AERS. Values ≥2 were considered significant safety signals. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms were used to identify arterial thrombotic events (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction.Results: In total, 293,783 reports of arterial thrombotic events were retrieved (about 2% of all adverse drug reaction reports, corresponding to 2274 asthma drug-arterial thrombotic events pairs (omalizumab, 222; inhaled corticosteroids [ICS], 131; long-acting beta-agonists [LABA], 102; single-device combination ICS-LABA, 506; inhaled short-acting beta-agonists [SABA], 475; oral SABA, 6; inhaled antimuscarinics [AMC], 477; single-device combination AMC-SABA, 127; xanthines, 50; leukotriene modifiers, 174; and mast cell stabilizers, 4. Reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence interval values for omalizumab compared with other asthma drugs and all drugs in AERS were 2.75 (2.39–316 and 1.09 (0.95–1.24, respectively. Omalizumab ranked second after ICS in the risk of arterial thrombotic events, followed by AMC, AMC-SABA, and ICS-LABA.Conclusion: Omalizumab is

Event shape sorting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kopecna, Renata; Tomasik, Boris

2016-01-01

We propose a novel method for sorting events of multiparticle production according to the azimuthal anisotropy of their momentum distribution. Although the method is quite general, we advocate its use in analysis of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions where a large number of hadrons is produced. The advantage of our method is that it can automatically sort out samples of events with histograms that indicate similar distributions of hadrons. It takes into account the whole measured histograms with all orders of anisotropy instead of a specific observable (e.g., v 2 , v 3 , q 2 ). It can be used for more exclusive experimental studies of flow anisotropies which are then more easily compared to theoretical calculations. It may also be useful in the construction of mixed-events background for correlation studies as it allows to select events with similar momentum distribution. (orig.)

Life events and Tourette syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Steinberg, Tamar; Shmuel-Baruch, Sharona; Horesh, Netta; Apter, Alan

2013-07-01

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric developmental disorder characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics. Although TS is primarily biological in origin, stress-diatheses interactions most probably play a role in the course of the illness. The precise influence of the environment on this basically biological disorder is difficult to ascertain, particularly when TS is complicated by comorbidities. Among the many questions that remain unresolved are the differential impact of positive and negative events and specific subtypes of events, and the importance of major crucial events relative to minor daily ones to tic severity. To examine the relationships between life events, tic severity and comorbid disorders in Tourette Syndrome (TS), including OCD, ADHD, anxiety, depression and rage attacks. Life events were classified by quantity, quality (positive or negative) and classification types of events (family, friends etc.). Sixty patients aged 7-17 years with Tourette syndrome or a chronic tic disorder were recruited from Psychological Medicine Clinic in Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel. Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; Life Experiences Survey; Brief Adolescent Life Events Scale; Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders; Child Depression Inventory/Beck Depression Inventory; ADHD Rating Scale IV; Overt Aggression Scale. Regarding tics and minor life events, there was a weak but significant correlation between severity of motor tics and the quantity of negative events. No significant correlation was found between tic severity and quantity of positive events. Analysis of the BALES categories yielded a significant direct correlation between severity of vocal tics and quantity of negative events involving friends. Regarding comorbidities and minor life events, highly significant correlations were found with depression and anxiety. Regarding tics and major life

Event-by-event jet quenching and higher Fourier moments of hard probes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fries, Rainer J. [Cyclotron Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A and M University, College Station TX 77845 (United States); RIKEN/BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY 11973 (United States); Rodriguez, Ricardo [Department of Mathematics and Physics, Ave Maria University, Ave Maria FL 34142 (United States); Cyclotron Institute, Texas A and M University, College Station TX 77845 (United States)

2011-04-01

We investigate the effect of event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball created in high energy nuclear collisions on hard probe observables. We show that spatial inhomogeneities lead to changes in the nuclear suppression factor of high momentum hadrons which can be absorbed in the quenching strength q-hat. This can increase the theoretical uncertainty on extracted values of q-hat by up to 50%. We also investigate effects on azimuthal asymmetries v{sub 2} and dihadron correlation functions. The latter show a promising residual signal of event-by-event quenching that might allow us to estimate the size of spatial inhomogeneities in the fireball from experimental data.

Measurements of the event shapes and underlying event in pp collisions at 7 TeV

CERN Document Server

Astalos, R; The ATLAS collaboration

2013-01-01

The high-energy pp collisions at the LHC provide unique opportunity to study particle flow and event shapes of the hadronic final state particles. Evolution of the event shape variables, such as the transverse thrust, thrust minor and transverse sphericity have been studied for minimum bias events. Particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event have been measured using calorimeter jet events. Separate inclusive jet and exclusive dijet event selections are included in this study for various observables. The data are compared with predictions from several MC simulations.

Event-by-Event Elliptic Flow Fluctuations from PHOBOS

Science.gov (United States)

Wosiek, B.; Alver, B.; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; Chetluru, V.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harnarine, I.; Hauer, M.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, W.; Lin, W. T.; Loizides, C.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Reed, C.; Richardson, E.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Smith, C. E.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Szostak, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Walters, P.; Wenger, E.; Willhelm, D.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Woźniak, K.; Wyngaardt, S.; Wysłouch, B.

2009-04-01

Recently PHOBOS has focused on the study of fluctuations and correlations in particle production in heavy-ion collisions at the highest energies delivered by the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In this report, we present results on event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations in (Au+Au) collisions at sqrt {sNN}=200 GeV. A data-driven method was used to estimate the dominant contribution from non-flow correlations. Over the broad range of collision centralities, the observed large elliptic flow fluctuations are in agreement with the fluctuations in the initial source eccentricity.

Dark Web e seus não lugares: por um estudo das dobras invisíveis do ciberespaço │ The Dark Web and its non-places: towards a study of the invisible folds of cyberspace

OpenAIRE

Richele Grenge Vignoli; Silvana Drumond Monteiro

2015-01-01

RESUMO Existe no ciberespaço uma web escura e escondida denominada Dark Web. Nesse viés, objetivou-se associar a Dark Web aos não lugares no ciberespaço e com o objetivo de caracterizar as dobras invisíveis do ciberespaço e investigar as especificidades da Dark Web em relação à definição e os seus não lugares, de acordo com os preceitos de Augé (2012) e Bauman (2001).  O estudo teve natureza básica com delineamento documental e abordagem qualitativa, e o método dedutivo formal foi utilizado p...