Eugenics in Education: Apologetics for Oppression

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Hartlep, Nicholas D.

2008-01-01

For many people an esoteric educational topic is eugenics. This brief text analysis will provide a textual as well as contextual analysis of Dr. Ann Gibson Winfield's book (2007) Eugenics and Education in America: Institutionalized Racism and the Implications of History, Ideology, and Memory. Winfield objectively critiques eugenic apologetics.…

"Eugenics talk" and the language of bioethics.

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Wilkinson, S

2008-06-01

In bioethical discussions of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal screening, accusations of eugenics are commonplace, as are counter-claims that talk of eugenics is misleading and unhelpful. This paper asks whether "eugenics talk", in this context, is legitimate and useful or something to be avoided. It also looks at the extent to which this linguistic question can be answered without first answering relevant substantive moral questions. Its main conclusion is that the best and most non-partisan argument for avoiding eugenics talk is the Autonomy Argument. According to this, eugenics talk per se is not wrong, but there is something wrong with using its emotive power as a means of circumventing people's critical-rational faculties. The Autonomy Argument does not, however, tell against eugenics talk when such language is used to shock people into critical-rational thought. These conclusions do not depend on unique features of eugenics: similar considerations apply to emotive language throughout bioethics.

Eugenics and public health in American history.

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Pernick, M S

1997-11-01

Supporters of eugenics, the powerful early 20th-century movement for improving human heredity, often attacked that era's dramatic improvements in public health and medicine for preserving the lives of people they considered hereditarily unfit. Eugenics and public health also battled over whether heredity played a significant role in infectious diseases. However, American public health and eugenics had much in common as well. Eugenic methods often were modeled on the infection control techniques of public health. The goals, values, and concepts of disease of these two movements also often overlapped. This paper sketches some of the key similarities and differences between eugenics and public health in the United States, and it examines how their relationship was shaped by the interaction of science and culture. The results demonstrate that eugenics was not an isolated movement whose significance is confined to the histories of genetics and pseudoscience, but was instead an important and cautionary part of past public health and a general medical history as well.

“Eugenics talk” and the language of bioethics

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Wilkinson, S

2008-01-01

In bioethical discussions of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal screening, accusations of eugenics are commonplace, as are counter-claims that talk of eugenics is misleading and unhelpful. This paper asks whether “eugenics talk”, in this context, is legitimate and useful or something to be avoided. It also looks at the extent to which this linguistic question can be answered without first answering relevant substantive moral questions. Its main conclusion is that the best and most non-partisan argument for avoiding eugenics talk is the Autonomy Argument. According to this, eugenics talk per se is not wrong, but there is something wrong with using its emotive power as a means of circumventing people’s critical–rational faculties. The Autonomy Argument does not, however, tell against eugenics talk when such language is used to shock people into critical–rational thought. These conclusions do not depend on unique features of eugenics: similar considerations apply to emotive language throughout bioethics. PMID:18511622

Eugenics and Curriculum: 1860-1929.

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Selden, Steven

1978-01-01

Examines ideas about heredity, racism, and the development of the eugenics movement, which influenced curriculum thinkers in the period of the "naturalistic mind" and progressivism; the eugenics movement's influence upon education for the gifted; and continuing similar attitudes as to the limited effect of environment on individuals…

[Sir Francis Galton: the father of eugenics].

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Aubert-Marson, Dominique

2009-01-01

Not only was Sir Francis Galton a famous geographer and statistician, he also invented "eugenics" in 1883. Eugenics, defined as the science of improving racial stock, was developed from a new heredity theory, conceived by Galton himself, and from the evolution theory of Charles Darwin, transposed to human society by Herbert Spencer. Galton's eugenics was a program to artificially produce a better human race through regulating marriage and thus procreation. Galton put particular emphasis on "positive eugenics", aimed at encouraging the physically and mentally superior members of the population to choose partners with similar traits. In 1904, he presented his ideas in front of a vast audience of physicians and scientists in London. His widely-publicized lecture served as the starting point for the development of eugenics groups in Europe and the United States during the first half of the 20th century.

The eugenic legacy in psychology and psychiatry.

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Pilgrim, David

2008-05-01

Assumptions about genetic differences in human mental characteristics can be traced in large part to the eugenic movement, ascendant at the turn of the 20th century. This paper offers historical case studies, of 'innate general cognitive ability' and 'psychiatric genetics', in order to appraise the eugenic legacy in current psychology and psychiatry. Reviewing the work of representatives, Cyril Burt, Franz Kallmann and Eliot Slater, along with their research networks, it is argued that eugenics remains a quiet but powerful background influence in modern-day psychology and psychiatry. At the turn of the 21st century, eugenics remains an important area of inquiry, reflection and education for those in the inter-disciplinary field of social psychiatry.

The public and private history of eugenics: an introduction.

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Burke, Chloe S; Castaneda, Christopher J

2007-01-01

Inspired by our experience addressing the legacy of eugenics at California State University, Sacramento, this special issue presents an array of articles representative of diverse approaches to the historical investigation of eugenics. This article provides an introduction to the history of eugenics and explores the ways in which public history is particularly well suited to shape the historical memory of eugenics and encourage dialogue about contemporary biotechnologies.

Advertising eugenics: Charles M. Goethe's campaign to improve the race.

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Schoenl, William; Peck, Danielle

2010-06-01

Over the last several decades historians have shown that the eugenics movement appealed to an extraordinarily wide constituency. Far from being the brainchild of the members of any one particular political ideology, eugenics made sense to a diverse range of Americans and was promoted by professionals ranging from geneticists and physicians to politicians and economists.(1) Seduced by promises of permanent fixes to national problems, and attracted to the idea of a scientifically legitimate form of social activism, eugenics quickly grew in popularity during the first decades of the twentieth century. Charles M. Goethe, the land developer, entrepreneur, conservationist and skilled advertiser who founded the Eugenics Society of Northern California, exemplifies the broad appeal of the eugenics movement. Goethe played an active role within the American eugenics movement at its peak in the 1920s. The last president of the Eugenics Research Association,(2) he also campaigned hard against Mexican immigration to the US and he continued open support for the Nazi regime's eugenic practices into the later 1930s.(3) This article examines Goethe's eugenic vision and, drawing on his correspondence with the leading geneticist Charles Davenport, explores the relationship between academic and non-academic advocates of eugenics in America. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Luis Huerta: Eugenics, Medicine and Pedagogy in Spain

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Luis Miguel LÁZARO LORENTE

2013-11-01

Full Text Available By comparison with the historiography of other European and Anglo-Saxon countries, the study of the origins and spread of Eugenics in Spain has not received much attention. Even less research has been done on the degree of acceptance of eugenic thought in the pedagogical domain or on the role teachers may have in the diffusion of eugenics. This paper attempts to explore the subject while focusing the analysis on the relations that were established among Medicine, Pedagogy and Eugenics in Spain during the first third of the 20th century. We will take as a point of reference and guiding line of thought the figure of the Asturian teacher Luis Huerta Naves, who was the driving force and tireless advocate of the eugenics movement in our country.

Rational subjects, marriage counselling and the conundrums of eugenics.

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Gerodetti, Natalia

2008-06-01

Against the background of degeneration and the perceived threat to the nation's health and stock, family politics came to constitute an important site for eugenic discourses and interventions. Eugenic regulation of reproductive sexuality and marriage was not only pursued through 'negative' eugenics but also through educational policies targeted at young adults and youth. Switzerland serves as a useful case to explore a general idea, namely the limitations for eugenicists of exploiting the concept of a rational subject in order to achieve their ends. Practices of 'positive eugenics' crucially hinged on the utilitarian principle of rationality underpinning positive eugenics which this paper seeks to elaborate. Eugenicists devised tools to deal efficiently with social problems on a collective as well as an individual basis by deploying technologies of government which conceived individuals to be members of a population who were each held responsible for the generation of healthy future generations. As a form of 'sustaining, multiplying and ordering life' eugenics thus relied on the premise that its ideas would be adopted through an appeal to rationality and, where this was insufficient, through a series of coercive measures. Relying on conviction and education about the merits of eugenics, however, posed particular problems to positive eugenic thinking and practice.

Better science and better race? Social Darwinism and Chinese eugenics.

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Chung, Yuehtsen Juliette

2014-12-01

This essay explores the variegated roles played by racial, eugenic, and Social Darwinist discourse in China over roughly the last century. Using Japan as a parallel for comparison, it analyzes the introduction of the term "eugenics" into Japanese and Chinese. It then locates the deployment of eugenics and Social Darwinism as counterimperial discourse in East Asia. It offers a brief history of eugenics thinking in China across the twentieth century, focusing on the Chinese eugenicist Pan Guangdan, who used race as a category of analysis yet without any sense of hierarchy. He was critically aware of the scientific basis of eugenics and helped craft the study of eugenics in China, from biology to sociology, from economics to ethnology.

Eugenics: The Threat of the Feeble Minded.

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Winzer, Margaret; O'Connor, Anne

1982-01-01

The history of the eugenics movement is reviewed. The authors conclude that, despite changed terminology and a shifting emphasis, advocacy of eugenics and its discrimination against poor and mentally retarded persons still persists today. (MC)

Back to the future: eugenics--a bibliographic essay.

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Cullen, David

2007-01-01

The following essay is a review of the literature about the American eugenics movement produced by scholars over the last fifty years. The essay provides an explanation for today's renewed interest in the subject and for why the science of eugenics remains relevant to contemporary society. The essay examines the catalyst to re-examine the eugenics movement, the influence of Darwinian thought upon its development, the political and institutional support for its growth, the relationship between eugenics, sterilization, and sex, and how the twentieth-century promises of the science of better breeding was a precursor to the twenty-first-century promise of genetic engineering.

Moderate eugenics and human enhancement.

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Selgelid, Michael J

2014-02-01

Though the reputation of eugenics has been tarnished by history, eugenics per se is not necessarily a bad thing. Many advocate a liberal new eugenics--where individuals are free to choose whether or not to employ genetic technologies for reproductive purposes. Though genetic interventions aimed at the prevention of severe genetic disorders may be morally and socially acceptable, reproductive liberty in the context of enhancement may conflict with equality. Enhancement could also have adverse effects on utility. The enhancement debate requires a shift in focus. What the equality and/or utility costs of enhancement will be is an empirical question. Rather than philosophical speculation, more social science research is needed to address it. Philosophers, meanwhile, should address head-on the question of how to strike a balance between liberty, equality, and utility in cases of conflict (in the context of genetics).

Eugenics and American social history, 1880-1950.

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Allen, G E

1989-01-01

Eugenics, the attempt to improve the human species socially through better breeding was a widespread and popular movement in the United States and Europe between 1910 and 1940. Eugenics was an attempt to use science (the newly discovered Mendelian laws of heredity) to solve social problems (crime, alcoholism, prostitution, rebelliousness), using trained experts. Eugenics gained much support from progressive reform thinkers, who sought to plan social development using expert knowledge in both the social and natural sciences. In eugenics, progressive reformers saw the opportunity to attack social problems efficiently by treating the cause (bad heredity) rather than the effect. Much of the impetus for social and economic reform came from class conflict in the period 1880-1930, resulting from industrialization, unemployment, working conditions, periodic depressions, and unionization. In response, the industrialist class adopted firmer measures of economic control (abandonment of laissez-faire principles), the principles of government regulation (interstate commerce, labor), and the cult of industrial efficiency. Eugenics was only one aspect of progressive reform, but as a scientific claim to explain the cause of social problems, it was a particularly powerful weapon in the arsenal of class conflict at the time.

Between Germanic and Latin eugenics: Portugal, 1930-1960

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Richard Mark Cleminson

Full Text Available Abstract This article assesses critically the participation of Portuguese eugenicists in “Latin eugenics” and traces the continuities and discontinuities with respect to this model. In particular, it focuses on a number of examples of more “Germanic” eugenics in contrast and in comparison to Latin versions of eugenics. In the former category, Eusébio Tamagnini, José Ayres de Azevedo and Leopoldina Ferreira de Paulo are considered; in the latter category, especially the work of Almerindo Lessa on “racial mixing” is considered. The conclusions suggest that we should seek diversity in both Latin and northern European eugenic models while at the same time placing Portugal within the array of possible versions of eugenics during the first half of the twentieth century.

Social imaginaries: the literature of eugenics.

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Sinclair, Alison

2008-06-01

This paper starts from a premise relating to the act of fictional writing about eugenics and the way it may be understood as the embodiment and enactment of social imaginaries. It proposes that literature (in the sense of fiction) frequently, if not habitually, expresses the underside of what is expressed in public discourse. That is, far from being the implement of state policy or intervention, it acts in counterpoint to the state, constituting a type of social fantasy in that it explores through the realm of the imagination what might happen. It becomes the arena for contestation, exploration, and nuancing as it essays how ideas from public, 'real' life, might transform when acted out. The paper considers two sorts of literary case. First it looks at that of 'naïve' literature, harnessed unashamedly to a specific sociological discourse of eugenics. Then, using primarily Ibsen, it considers a subset, the case of literature that does not set out to be explicitly in the service of the cause of eugenics, but is appropriated and disseminated from a platform of eugenics. Lastly, taking the example of Unamuno's Amor y pedagogía (1902) the paper considers literature that exists in a quite different sphere of public awareness. It shows awareness of the arguments and precepts of eugenics and related beliefs and practices, but acts as a transitional space (in the terms of Winnicott) to enable such ideas to be entertained and thought about, without a requirement of acceptance or belief.

[Eugenics, an element of the literary plots of dystopia].

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Baum, Ewa; Musielak, Michał

2007-01-01

The work presents the ideas and assumptions of eugenics, a social philosophy established in 1883 by Francis Galton, which affected the social policies of numerous European countries in the first half of the 20th century. The work shows the effect of eugenics on the literary standards of European prose in the previous century. Two outstanding dystopian novels of the 20th century, The Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell, situate eugenics as a permanent element of the literary plot of dystopia. Apart from the typical features of this type of novel, for example: personal narration with a trace of irony, a totalitarian state and Newspeak, eugenics is an important element of the literary plot with is aim to exclude and marginalise certain social groups. Eugenics is also one of the main social ideas criticised by both the writers.

Eugenics discourse and racial improvement in Republican China (1911-1949).

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Sihn, Kyu-hwan

2010-12-31

This paper aimed to examine the advent of eugenics and its characteristics in republican China. Although eugenics was introduced into China as a discourse to preserve and improve race by the 1898 reformers such as Yan Fu (1854-1921) and Yi Nai (1875-?) in the late imperial period, it was not until the republican period that eugenics discourse started to combine with the discourse and movement related to social reform. The May 4th intellectuals put forward criticisms of Confucian patriarchy, propagating science and democracy. They pointed out that the large family system was a source of every social evil, and argued the need for a small family system based on monogamy. The aim of the small family system was to improve both the race and the environment. Such thinkers argued that freedom of love and the liberation of individuality were necessary for this end. Zhou Jianren (1888-1984), Lu Xun's youngest brother and representative eugenicist in the May 4th period, combined eugenics with freedom of love and the liberation of individuality. Pan Guangdan (1899-1967) and Zhou Jianren debated the eugenics controversy in the 1920s. They raised the freedom of love and the liberation of individuality as central issues related to the eugenics controversy. The eugenics debate was developed into the controversy between biological determinism and environmentalism in the late 1920s. However, these issues did not continue to be brought up in the 1930s. The main issues concerning the eugenics controversy in the 1930s were cultural identity and the population problem. Particularly in the 1930s, the scope of birth control as the solution to the population problem was extended from the individual person and family to nation and race. For eugenicists like Pan Guangdan, birth control violated the aim of eugenics and brought about the degeneration of the race. However, such theorists did not deny the value of birth control itself. The supporters of birth control thought that selecting

Perspectives: Eugenics and Sterilization in the Heartland.

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Wehmeyer, Michael L.

2003-01-01

Noting the Governor of Virginia's recent apology for his state's participation in eugenics, this article reviews the history of the sterilization of people with epilepsy and mental retardation in several states, and the importance of the Buck v. Bell (1927) Supreme Court decision in the promotion of eugenics. (Contains references.) (CR)

Eugenics and the Social Construction of Merit, Race, and Disability.

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Selden, Steven

2000-01-01

Contends that eugenics is an example of normalization. Outlines an aspect of this process by analyzing: (1) the popular eugenic knowledge exhibited at U.S. state fairs; and (2) the mainstream eugenic knowledge found in the work of Leta S. Hollingworth who was an early leader in gifted education. (CMK)

Current eugenics: A brand new challenge for scientific disciplines

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María de las Mercedes O´Lery

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Until now, the parameters that distinguish the current eugenic practices form those encased in classic eugenics have been the private, individual and therapeutic characteristics of the first as opposed to the collective, coercive and improvement nature of the second. However, the present ethical debate over biotechnologies (particularly, criticism of liberal eugenics by such authors as Jürgen Habermas has given rise to the need to consider, in the future, genetic treatment as an object of the redistribution in order to avoid the discrimination implied in the impossibility of access to such treatment. The present paper attempts to show that this pretension would lead to the future dissolution of those very characteristics of current eugenics that distinguish it from the classic form. we therefore propose an epistemological analysis of present and/or future scientific practices in order to redefine those parameters that prevent their identification with the eugenic movement of the past century.

Eugenic utopias/dystopias, reprogenetics, and community genetics.

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Raz, Aviad E

2009-05-01

The impetus for this review is the intriguing realisation that eugenics, viewed as dystopian and authoritarian in most of the 20th century, is in the process of being reinterpreted today--in the context of reproductive genetics--as utopian and liberal. This review offers an analytical framework for mapping the growing literature on this subject in order to provide a summary for both teaching and research in medical sociology. Recent works are subsumed and explored in three areas: historical criticism of the 'old eugenics'; the continuation of this stream in the form of criticism of reprogenetics as a new, 'backdoor' eugenic regime of bio-governmentality--an area which also includes the application of Foucauldian and feminist perspectives; and the recent enthusiasm regarding 'liberal eugenics,' claiming that reprogenetic decisions should be left to individual consumers thus enhancing their options in the health market. The review concludes by discussing and illustrating potential research directions in this field, with a focus on the social and ethical aspects of 'community genetics' and its emerging networks of individuals genetically at risk.

Eugenics without the state: anarchism in Catalonia, 1900-1937.

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Cleminson, Richard

2008-06-01

Current historiography has considered eugenics to be an emanation from state structures or a movement which sought to appeal to the state in order to implement eugenic reform. This paper examines the limitations of that view and argues that it is necessary to expand our horizons to consider particularly working-class eugenics movements that were based on the dissemination of knowledge about sex and which did not aspire to positions of political power. The paper argues that anarchism, with its contradictory practice afforded by the convulsive social situation of the Civil War in Spain, allows us to assess critically the parameters of the social action of eugenics, its many alliances, and its struggle for existence in changing political circumstances not of its own making.

On the concept of eugenics: preliminaries to a critical appraisal

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Demetrio Neri

Full Text Available This paper's main issue is linked to what can be foreseen as the increasing capability of medical genetics to modify the genetic composition of the human species through direct interventions in the human genome for medical and non-medical purposes, i.e., the 'risk' of a resurgence of eugenics. In current discussions on the topic (briefly presented in the first section, the 'phantom of eugenics' is raised several times, but there is a great deal of confusion on what counts as eugenics, partly because of broad conceptual disagreement over the notion itself. Furthermore, according to some scholars there is no hope of overcoming this unsatisfactory conceptual uncertainty. Partly challenging this opinion, the second and third sections of this paper attempt to identify some basic features which could be seen as intrinsically linked to the notion of eugenics, with the aim of reducing the range of conceptual disagreement as a preliminary step in bringing into focus what exactly is wrong with practicing eugenics. The subsequent sections deal with the substantive issue of whether or not to practice eugenics from the point of view of the interest of future generations in the human species' genetic composition. The main moral arguments for and against eugenics are examined from the point of view of our obligations towards future generations, and the conclusion is in favor of a cautious 'open-door' position.

On the concept of eugenics: preliminaries to a critical appraisal

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Neri Demetrio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available This paper's main issue is linked to what can be foreseen as the increasing capability of medical genetics to modify the genetic composition of the human species through direct interventions in the human genome for medical and non-medical purposes, i.e., the 'risk' of a resurgence of eugenics. In current discussions on the topic (briefly presented in the first section, the 'phantom of eugenics' is raised several times, but there is a great deal of confusion on what counts as eugenics, partly because of broad conceptual disagreement over the notion itself. Furthermore, according to some scholars there is no hope of overcoming this unsatisfactory conceptual uncertainty. Partly challenging this opinion, the second and third sections of this paper attempt to identify some basic features which could be seen as intrinsically linked to the notion of eugenics, with the aim of reducing the range of conceptual disagreement as a preliminary step in bringing into focus what exactly is wrong with practicing eugenics. The subsequent sections deal with the substantive issue of whether or not to practice eugenics from the point of view of the interest of future generations in the human species' genetic composition. The main moral arguments for and against eugenics are examined from the point of view of our obligations towards future generations, and the conclusion is in favor of a cautious 'open-door' position.

Assisted procreation and its relationship to genetics and eugenics.

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Ricci, Mariella Lombardi

2009-01-01

The article below is intended to reflect on whether or not a eugenic tendency constitutes an intrinsic element of human fertilization in vitro. The author outlines ideas and circumstances which characterized the foundation and propagation of eugenics between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A brief discussion follows on some of the standard procedures of in vitro fertilization, and in particular, those which manifest a trace or hint of eugenics--heterologous fertilization and sperm banking, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and embryo selection--practices which, nonetheless, are used on a large scale and shed light on both the essence of procreative medicine and on the current cultural environment. The objective of the article is to explore whether it is possible to eliminate the eugenic connotations without foregoing the benefits of technical and scientific progress.

[Application of case-based method in genetics and eugenics teaching].

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Li, Ya-Xuan; Zhao, Xin; Zhang, Fei-Xiong; Hu, Ying-Kao; Yan, Yue-Ming; Cai, Min-Hua; Li, Xiao-Hui

2012-05-01

Genetics and Eugenics is a cross-discipline between genetics and eugenics. It is a common curriculum in many Chinese universities. In order to increase the learning interest, we introduced case teaching method and got a better teaching effect. Based on our teaching practices, we summarized some experiences about this subject. In this article, the main problem of case-based method applied in Genetics and Eugenics teaching was discussed.

Eugenics in Japan: some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945.

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Otsubo, S; Bartholomew, J R

1998-01-01

Japanese eugenic discourse and institution building contrast sharply with comparable movements elsewhere. As a social-intellectual phenomenon, Anglo-American eugenics considered the Japanese racially inferior to Western peoples; yet eugenic ideals and policies achieved a remarkable popularity in Japan. Most of mainstream Japanese genetics was derived from orthodox Mendelian roots in Germany and (to a lesser degree) the United States. But French-style Lamarckian notions of the inheritability of acquired characters held surprising popularity among enthusiasts of eugenics. Japanese eugenicists could condemn the actions of foreign eugenicists like Charles Davenport in the United States for their efforts to forbid Japanese immigration in the 1920s, yet appeal to these same eugenicists as a source of legitimacy in Japan. These paradoxes can partly be explained against a background of relative isolation in a period of profound social change. Few Japanese eugenicists had close personal contact with foreign eugenicists, and most of their knowledge was acquired through reading rather than direct exposure. The eugenic ideal of ethnic purity was attractive to a society long accustomed to monoracial self-imagery. The need to defend national independence in an era of high imperialism seemed to require the most up-to-date policies and ideas. And Japan's own acquisition of an overseas empire seemed to demand a population management philosophy ostensibly based on scientific principles. These and other forces supported the implementation of eugenic policies and prescriptions among the Japanese people in the first half of the twentieth century.

Reflections on the Historiography of American Eugenics: Trends, Fractures, Tensions.

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Paul, Diane B

2016-12-01

By the 1950s, eugenics had lost its scientific status; it now belonged to the context rather than to the content of science. Interest in the subject was also at low ebb. But that situation would soon change dramatically. Indeed, in an essay-review published in 1993, Philip Pauly commented that a "eugenics industry" had come to rival the "Darwin industry" in importance, although the former seemed less integrated than the latter. Since then, the pace of publication on eugenics, including American eugenics, has only accelerated, while the field has become even more fractured, moving in multiple and even contradictory directions. This essay explores the trajectory of work on the history of American eugenics since interest in the subject revived in the 1960s, noting trends and also fractures. The latter are seen to result partly from the fact that professional historians no longer own the subject, which has attracted the interest of scholars in several other disciplines as well as scientists, political activists, and journalists, and also from the fact that the history of eugenics has almost always been policy-oriented. Historians' desire to be policy-relevant and at the same time attentive to context, complexity, and contingency has generated tensions at several levels: within individuals, among historians, and between professional historians and others who also engage with the history of eugenics. That these tensions are resolved differently by different authors and even by the same authors at different times helps explain why the fragmentation that Pauly noted is not likely to be overcome anytime soon.

The strength of a loosely defined movement: eugenics and medicine in imperial Russia.

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Krementsov, Nikolai

2015-01-01

This essay examines the 'infiltration' of eugenics into Russian medical discourse during the formation of the eugenics movement in western Europe and North America in 1900-17. It describes the efforts of two Russian physicians, the bacteriologist and hygienist Nikolai Gamaleia (1859-1949) and the psychiatrist Tikhon Iudin (1879-1949), to introduce eugenics to the Russian medical community, analysing in detail what attracted these representatives of two different medical specialties to eugenic ideas, ideals, and policies advocated by their western colleagues. On the basis of a close examination of the similarities and differences in Gamaleia's and Iudin's attitudes to eugenics, the essay argues that lack of cohesiveness gave the early eugenics movement a unique strength. The loose mix of widely varying ideas, ideals, methods, policies, activities and proposals covered by the umbrella of eugenics offered to a variety of educated professionals in Russia and elsewhere the possibility of choosing, adopting and adapting particular elements to their own national, professional, institutional and disciplinary contexts, interests and agendas.

Eugenics, genetics, and mental illness stigma in Chinese Americans.

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WonPat-Borja, Ahtoy J; Yang, Lawrence H; Link, Bruce G; Phelan, Jo C

2012-01-01

The increasing interest in the genetic causes of mental disorders may exacerbate existing stigma if negative beliefs about a genetic illness are generally accepted. China's history of policy-level eugenics and genetic discrimination in the workplace suggests that Chinese communities will view genetic mental illness less favorably than mental illness with non-genetic causes. The aim of this study is to identify differences between Chinese Americans and European Americans in eugenic beliefs and stigma toward people with genetic mental illness. We utilized data from a 2003 national telephone survey designed to measure how public perceptions of mental illness differ if the illness is described as genetic. The Chinese American (n = 42) and European American (n = 428) subsamples were analyzed to compare their support of eugenic belief items and measures of stigma. Chinese Americans endorsed all four eugenic statements more strongly than European Americans. Ethnicity significantly moderated the relationship between genetic attribution and three out of five stigma outcomes; however, genetic attribution actually appeared to be de-stigmatizing for Chinese Americans while it increased stigma or made no difference for European Americans. Our findings show that while Chinese Americans hold more eugenic beliefs than European Americans, these attributions do not have the same effect on stigma as they do in Western cultures. These results suggest that future anti-stigma efforts must focus on eugenic attitudes as well as cultural beliefs for Chinese Americans, and that the effects of genetic attributions for mental illness should be examined relative to other social, moral, and religious attributions common in Chinese culture.

In vitro eugenics.

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Sparrow, Robert

2014-11-01

A series of recent scientific results suggest that, in the not-too-distant future, it will be possible to create viable human gametes from human stem cells. This paper discusses the potential of this technology to make possible what I call 'in vitro eugenics': the deliberate breeding of human beings in vitro by fusing sperm and egg derived from different stem-cell lines to create an embryo and then deriving new gametes from stem cells derived from that embryo. Repeated iterations of this process would allow scientists to proceed through multiple human generations in the laboratory. In vitro eugenics might be used to study the heredity of genetic disorders and to produce cell lines of a desired character for medical applications. More controversially, it might also function as a powerful technology of 'human enhancement' by allowing researchers to use all the techniques of selective breeding to produce individuals with a desired genotype. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Eugenics, Mental Deficiency and Fabian Socialism between the Wars.

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Ray, L. J.

1983-01-01

Eugenics was not exclusively the concern of conservatives; it also appealed to certain socialists, particularly those whose middle class status was dependent upon their expert services and who believed that social problems could be resolved scientifically. Reasons for the appeal of eugenics to this group are discussed. (IS)

The Strength of a Loosely Defined Movement: Eugenics and Medicine in Imperial Russia

Science.gov (United States)

Krementsov, Nikolai

2015-01-01

This essay examines the ‘infiltration’ of eugenics into Russian medical discourse during the formation of the eugenics movement in western Europe and North America in 1900–17. It describes the efforts of two Russian physicians, the bacteriologist and hygienist Nikolai Gamaleia (1859–1949) and the psychiatrist Tikhon Iudin (1879–1949), to introduce eugenics to the Russian medical community, analysing in detail what attracted these representatives of two different medical specialties to eugenic ideas, ideals, and policies advocated by their western colleagues. On the basis of a close examination of the similarities and differences in Gamaleia’s and Iudin’s attitudes to eugenics, the essay argues that lack of cohesiveness gave the early eugenics movement a unique strength. The loose mix of widely varying ideas, ideals, methods, policies, activities and proposals covered by the umbrella of eugenics offered to a variety of educated professionals in Russia and elsewhere the possibility of choosing, adopting and adapting particular elements to their own national, professional, institutional and disciplinary contexts, interests and agendas. PMID:25498435

[The characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in the colonial period represented in the bulletin, Woosaeng].

Science.gov (United States)

Shin, Young-Jeon

2006-12-01

Woosaeng, meaning "eugenic" in Korean, was a bulletin published by the Korean Eugenics Association in 1934. With detailed review of the contributors to Woosaeng, its publication background and the contents, the characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in 1930's and its historical implications of public health are studied. Intellectuals, especially some medical doctors educated abroad, played the pivotal role in publishing Woosaeng and leading the eugenic movement in 1930's. Lee Gabsoo, a medical doctor educated in Germany, is identified as the key person in the whole process. Most of contributors including Lee considered medical science, especially genetics, as the foundation of eugenics and had strong confidence in their belief. A variety of eugenic movements and activities, including enactment of the national eugenic law around the world. was introduced to the Korean society through Woosaeng and it reinforced the eugenic activities in Korea. Although colonial Korea at the time was being heavily imposed with Japan's culture, the eugenic activities were also influenced by Germany and the US through the contributors educated oversea. The overall content and tone of Woosaeng, revealed its 'soft' characteristics, yet it also implied its vulnerability to 'hard' eugenics. Korea's eugenic movement around Woosaeng faces turnover right before 'The Go Fast Imperialism' period. The high class intellectuals tamed by Japanese colonial paradigm in eugenics took the lead and ended up having a significant influence upon the activities around Woosaeng. And even after Koreans' liberation from Japan's annexation, they were able to retain their influence in public health area in the Korean society. In summary, Woosaeng guided us to understand the characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in 1930's and the historical context of public health in Korea. Moreover, Woosaeng provided a large amount of information about the eugenic movements around the world as well as in Korea. It

The Nazi Physicians as Leaders in Eugenics and "Euthanasia": Lessons for Today.

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Grodin, Michael A; Miller, Erin L; Kelly, Johnathan I

2018-01-01

This article, in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg, reflects on the Nazi eugenics and "euthanasia" programs and their relevance for today. The Nazi doctors used eugenic ideals to justify sterilizations, child and adult "euthanasia," and, ultimately, genocide. Contemporary euthanasia has experienced a progression from voluntary to nonvoluntary and from passive to active killing. Modern eugenics has included both positive and negative selective activities. The 70th anniversary of the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg provides an important opportunity to reflect on the implications of the Nazi eugenics and "euthanasia" programs for contemporary health law, bioethics, and human rights. In this article, we will examine the role that health practitioners played in the promotion and implementation of State-sponsored eugenics and "euthanasia" in Nazi Germany, followed by an exploration of contemporary parallels and debates in modern bioethics. 1 .

Confronting the stigma of eugenics: genetics, demography and the problems of population.

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Ramsden, Edmund

2009-12-01

Building upon the work of Thomas Gieryn and Erving Goffman, this paper will explore how the concepts of stigma and boundary work can be usefully applied to history of population science. Having been closely aligned to eugenics in the early 20th century, from the 1930s both demographers and geneticists began to establish a boundary between their own disciplines and eugenic ideology. The eugenics movement responded to this process of stigmatization. Through strategies defined by Goffman as 'disclosure' and 'concealment', stigma was managed, and a limited space for eugenics was retained in science and policy. Yet by the 1960s, a revitalized eugenics movement was bringing leading social and biological scientists together through the study of the genetic demography of characteristics such as intelligence. The success of this programme of 'stigma transformation' resulted from its ability to allow geneticists and demographers to conceive of eugenic improvement in ways that seemed consistent with the ideals of individuality, diversity and liberty. In doing so, it provided them with an alternative, and a challenge, to more radical and controversial programmes to realize an optimal genotype and population. The processes of stigma attribution and management are, however, ongoing, and since the rise of the nature-nurture controversy in the 1970s, the use of eugenics as a 'stigma symbol' has prevailed.

Eugenia e casamento Eugenics and marriage

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Luzia Aurelia Castañeda

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Analisaremos algumas estratégias eugênicas para melhoramento da raça baseadas no controle de matrimônios. Para tanto, vamos buscar no contexto da Inglaterra vitoriana a preocupação com o casamento; tanto na obra de Thomas Malthus, quando interessado no crescimento populacional, como na de Francis Galton, quando propõe a eugenia como uma ciência do melhoramento das qualidades inatas da raça. Discutiremos também como tal medida de controle de matrimônios se deu no movimento eugênico brasileiro e sua influência na elaboração do Código Civil.This analysis of some eugenic strategies for "improving the race" through the control of marriages explores Victorian England's concern with matrimony as expressed in the works of Thomas Malthus, who was interested in population growth, and of Francis Galton, who proposed that eugenics be used as a science to "improve" the innate qualities of the race. The article also discusses how this matrimonial means of control was expressed within the Brazilian eugenics movement and how it influenced the drafting of the Brazilian Civil Code.

Donor insemination: eugenic and feminist implications.

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Hanson, F A

2001-09-01

One concern regarding developments in genetics is that, when techniques such as genetic engineering become safe and affordable, people will use them for positive eugenics: to "improve" their offspring by enpowering them with exceptional qualities. Another is whether new reproductive technologies are being used to improve the condition of women or as the tools of a patriarchal system that appropriates female functions to itself and exploits women to further its own ends. Donor insemination is relevant to both of these issues. The degree to which people have used donor insemination in the past for positive eugenic purposes may give some insight into the likelihood of developing technologies being so used in the future. Donor insemination provides women with the opportunity to reproduce with only the most remote involvement of a man. To what degree do women take advantage of this to liberate themselves from male dominance? Through questionnaires and interviews, women who have used donor insemination disclosed their criteria for selecting sperm donors. The results are analyzed for the prevalence of positive eugenic criteria in the selection process and women's attitudes toward minimizing the male role in reproduction.

Science in the Publicity Laboratory: The Case of Eugenics.

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Caudill, Edward

The eugenicists of the 1920s and 1930s aggressively pursued media attention and sought policy change for their cause of improving the human race by selective breeding. Eugenics gained momentum in the United States when the American Eugenics Society (AES) was organized in 1921. Policy formation and information dissemination were central to the…

Anton's syndrome and eugenics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kondziella, Daniel; Frahm-Falkenberg, Siska

2011-01-01

to the clinical neurosciences, including pioneering work in neurosurgery, neuropsychology, and child psychiatry. However, it has not been recognized in the English literature that Anton was also a dedicated advocate of eugenics and racial hygiene. This paper provides a case of Anton's syndrome and puts the works...

When Harvard said no to eugenics: the J. Ewing Mears Bequest, 1927.

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Lombardo, Paul A

2014-01-01

James Ewing Mears (1838-1919) was a founding member of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery. His 1910 book, The Problem of Race Betterment, laid the groundwork for later authors to explore the uses of surgical sterilization as a eugenic measure. Mears left $60,000 in his will to Harvard University to support the teaching of eugenics. Although numerous eugenic activists were on the Harvard faculty, and two of its Presidents were also associated with the eugenics movement, Harvard refused the Mears gift. The bequest was eventually awarded to Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. This article explains why Harvard turned its back on a donation that would have supported instruction in a popular subject. Harvard's decision illustrates the range of opinion that existed on the efficacy of eugenic sterilization at the time. The Mears case also highlights a powerful irony: the same week Harvard turned down the Mears legacy, the U.S. Supreme Court endorsed eugenic sterilization in the landmark case of Buck v. Bell. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., graduate of Harvard and former member of its law faculty wrote the opinion in that case, including the famous conclusion: "Three generations of imbeciles are enough."

From nation to family: two careers in the recasting of eugenics.

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Slavishak, Edward

2009-01-01

By examining the professional lives of two popularizers of eugenic thought from the 1910s to the 1940s, this study illustrates the broader change from "mainline" to "reform" eugenics in the United States. Roswell Hill Johnson's university teaching, laboratory research, and later marriage counseling work contrasted greatly with George Seibel's forays into eugenic theater moral reform, and mass physical fitness movements. Yet both men shifted from a strict position of mandating other people's behavior in the name of national health and racial integrity to a more therapeutic stance that cast individual decisions in the context of managed family life. This study shows that for some, the transformation of eugenics in the 1930s meant adapting the traditional focus on superiority, inferiority, and reproduction by design to the language of a commercial marketplace.

Eugenics: some lessons from the past.

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Galton, D J

2005-03-01

Eugenics was first debated by the ancient Greeks, particularly Plato and Aristotle, developed in the nineteenth century by Francis Galton and Charles Darwin, and then abused in the twentieth century by right-wing politicians. With the new methods of assisted conception combined with the use of genetic markers, all the old problems of eugenics have resurfaced. Gender selection, embryo selection, preimplantation genetic diagnosis of common disease, and gene replacement techniques (somatic cells) have added greatly to the power of the modern eugenicist. How are these procedures to be monitored and regulated? What is the role of the State compared with individual families for the implementation of the new methodologies? Some of these issues will be discussed.

Duty or dream? Edwin G. Conklin's critique of eugenics and support for American individualism.

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Cooke, Kathy J

2002-01-01

This paper assesses ideas about moral and reproductive duty in American eugenics during the early twentieth century. While extreme eugenicists, including Charles Davenport and Paul Popenoe, argued that social leaders and biologists must work to prevent individuals who were "unfit" from reproducing, moderates, especially Edwin G. Conklin, presented a different view. Although he was sympathetic to eugenic goals and participated in eugenic organizations throughout his life, Conklin realized that eugenic ideas rarely could meet strict hereditary measures. Relying on his experience as an embryologist, Conklin instead attempted to balance more extreme eugenic claims - that emphasized the absolute limits posed by heredity - with his own view of "the possibilities of development." Through his critique he argued that most human beings never even begin to approach their hereditary potential; he moderated his own eugenic rhetoric so that it preserved individual opportunity and responsibility, or what has often been labeled the American Dream.

The Characteristics of Korea’s Eugenic Movement in the Colonial Period Represented in the Bulletin, Woosaeng

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SHIN Young-Jeon

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Woosaeng, meaning "eugenic" in Korean, was a bulletin published by the Korean Eugenics Association in 1934. With detailed review of the contributors to Woosaeng, its publication background and the contents, the characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in 1930's and its historical implications of public health are studied. Intellectuals, especially some medical doctors educated abroad, played the pivotal role in publishing Woosaeng and leading the eugenic movement in 1930's. Lee Gabsoo, a medical doctor educated in Germany, is identified as the key person in the whole process. Most of contributors including Lee considered medical science, especially genetics, as the foundation of eugenics and had strong confidence in their belief. A variety of eugenic movements and activities, including enactment of the national eugenic law around the world, was introduced to the Korean society through Woosaeng and it reinforced the eugenic activities in Korea. Although colonial Korea at the time was being heavily imposed with Japan's culture, the eugenic activities were also influenced by Germany and the US through the contributors educated oversea. The overall content and tone of Woosaeng, revealed its 'soft' characteristics, yet it also implied its vulnerability to 'hard' eugenics. Korea's eugenic movement around Woosaeng faces turnover right before 'The Go Fast Imperialism' period. The high class intellectuals tamed by Japanese colonial paradigm in eugenics took the lead and ended up having a significant influence upon the activities around Woosaeng. And even after Koreans' liberation from Japan's annexation, they were able to retain their influence in public health area in the Korean society. In summary, Woosaeng guided us to understand the characteristics of Korea's eugenic movement in 1930's and the historical context of public health in Korea. Moreover, Woosaeng provided a large amount of information about the eugenic movements around the world as well

Obituary: Eugene Richard Tomer, 1932-2007

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Dunkl, Charles F.

2009-01-01

Dr. Eugene R. Tomer passed away on 2 July 2007 at his home in San Francisco, California. The cause of death was cancer. Tomer was a consulting applied mathematician with a wide range of interests in dynamical astronomy, electromagnetic theory for use in communications, and computational methods of applied mathematics. He was a member of AAS, and the Society for Applied and Industrial Mathematics [SIAM]. With K. H. Prendergast, he co-wrote the influential paper "Self-consistent Models of Elliptical Galaxies," published in the Astronomical Journal 75 (1970), 674-679. This paper has been cited over eighty times. Tomer was born on 13 June 1932. He earned the Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of California-Berkeley in 1978 (title of dissertation: On the C*-algebra of the Hermite Operator). In 1996 he and A. F. Peterson wrote "Meeting the Challenges Presented by Computational Electromagnetics," a publication of the Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey, California. This writer met Eugene at the 1992 Annual SIAM meeting in Los Angeles in connection with the Activity Group on Orthogonal Polynomials and Special Functions, which the writer chaired at the time. Eugene volunteered to edit the Newsletter of the group, which he did from July 1992 to July 1995. Thanks to his skills and efforts, the Newsletter became a carefully edited, professional publication. Eugene not only organized a Problems Column, attracting questions in pure and applied mathematics, but he also designed the logo for the group. He gave much time and effort to this service, in an era when copy had to be physically assembled and mailed to SIAM Headquarters. Eventually he felt he had done what he could for the Activity Group. He told me that he hoped the Group would get seriously involved with applications such as in astronomy, physics, and sciences that use special function solutions of differential equations. During Tomer's editorship, we communicated mostly by e-mail, our homes being far apart. He

Sterilization in Finland: from eugenics to contraception.

Science.gov (United States)

Hemminki, E; Rasimus, A; Forssas, E

1997-12-01

The purpose of this paper was to describe the transition of sterilization in Finland from an eugenic tool to a contraceptive. Historical data were drawn from earlier reports in Finnish. Numbers of and reasons for sterilizations since 1950 were collected from nationwide sterilization statistics. Prevalence, characteristics of sterilized women, and women's satisfaction with sterilizations were studied from a 1994 nationwide survey (74% response rate). Logistic regression was used for adjustments. In the first half of the 20th century, eugenic ideology had influence in Finland as in other parts of Europe, and the 1935 and 1950 sterilization laws had an eugenic spirit. Regardless of this, the numbers of eugenic sterilizations remained low, and in practice, family planning was the main reason for sterilization. Nonetheless, prior to 1970 not all sterilizations were freely chosen, because sterilizations were sometimes used as a precondition for abortion. Female sterilizations showed remarkable fluctuation over time. Male sterilizations have been rare. The reasons stipulated by the law did not explain the numbers of sterilizations. In a 1994 survey, 9% of Finnish women reported they were using sterilization as their current contraceptive method (n = 189). Compared to women using other contraceptive methods, sterilized women were older, had had more births and pregnancies, and came from lower social classes. Sterilized women were satisfied with their sterilization, but there were women (8.5%) who regretted it. In conclusion, sterilizations have been and are likely to continue to be an important family planning method in Finland. The extreme gender ratio suggests a need for promoting male sterilizations, and women's expressed regrets suggest consideration of a higher age limit.

Project Coast: eugenics in apartheid South Africa.

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Singh, Jerome Amir

2008-03-01

It is a decade since the exposure of Project Coast, apartheid South Africa's covert chemical and biological warfare program. In that time, attention has been focused on several aspects of the program, particularly the production of narcotics and poisons for use against anti-apartheid activists and the proliferation of both chemical and biological weapons. The eugenic dimension of Project Coast has, by contrast, received scant attention. It is time to revisit the testimony that brought the suggestion of eugenic motives to light, reflect on some of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings and search for lessons that can be taken from this troubled chapter in South Africa's history.

The Testing and Militarization of K-12 Education: Eugenic Assault on Urban School Populations

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Hartlep, Nicholas Daniel

2010-01-01

This paper attempts to discuss eugenics in education and how this eugenic legacy continues to haunt American schooling and nonwhite students. Eugenic praxes and pedagogy continue to proliferate inside the American school systems' teachers may be unaware that they are teaching in such a way that maintains this ethos. This paper and seminar's…

The Emergence of Genetic Counseling in Sweden: Examples from Eugenics and Medical Genetics.

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Björkman, Maria

2015-09-01

This paper examines the intertwined relations between eugenics and medical genetics from a Swedish perspective in the 1940s and 1950s. The Swedish case shows that a rudimentary form of genetic counseling emerged within eugenic practices in the applications of the Swedish Sterilization Act of 1941, here analyzed from the phenomenon of "heredophobia" (ärftlighetsskräck). At the same time genetic counseling also existed outside eugenic practices, within the discipline of medical genetics. The paper argues that a demand for genetic counseling increased in the 1940s and 1950s in response to a sense of reproductive responsibility engendered by earlier eugenic discourse. The paper also questions the claim made by theoreticians of biopolitics that biological citizens have emerged only during the last decades, especially in neoliberal societies. From the Swedish case it is possible to argue that this had already happened earlier in relation to the proliferation of various aspects of eugenics to the public.

EUGENICS, THE GIRARDIAN THEORY OF SACRIFICE, AND THE NEW DARWINIAN ETHICS

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THOMAS RYBA

2011-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper I argue that, though many ethical systems recognizesacrifice as moral action, the utilitarian appropriation of Neo-Darwinian theory especially as it justifies eugenics as a “winnowing of the human stock” is in Girardian terms analogous to the sacrificial scapegoating of innocents. This argument is accomplished in four steps. (1 I show that within some ethical systems sacrifice is recognized as moral behavior driven by a specific axiology (or theory of value (2 I discuss some of the meta-ethical problems connected with Neo-Darwinian naturalism and naturalism, in general. (3 I show how modern varieties of naturalism and Darwinian naturalism, inparticular are especially inclined to lead to a moral justification of eugenic scapegoating and how Girardian theory is helpful in identifying the moral disorder connected with eugenics. (4 Finally, I conclude by arguing that Darwin’s thought is susceptible to another kind of interpretation, one that need not lead to the valorization of eugenics.

Eugenics, sexual pedagogy and social change: constructing the responsible subject of governmentality in the Spanish Second Republic.

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Jiménez-Alonso, Belén

2008-06-01

This study focuses on eugenics in Spain, and more specifically on the 'official' eugenics whose platform was the Primeras Jornadas Eugénicas Españolas (First Spanish Eugenic Days, FSED). The aim of this paper is to relate eugenics to 'governmentality' rather than to State politics alone and to 'Latin eugenics' rather than to 'mainline eugenics'. On the one hand, the FSED were largely centred on the development of a new sexual code which would set Catholic sexual morality aside. For this reason, sexual pedagogy was one of the most relevant topics during the FSED, personal responsibility becoming the first step to social change. The concern about making people play an active role in their own self-regulation is typical of governmentality. The latter refers to societies where power is decentered and where the objective is to structure the field of action of others (the conduct of conduct). On the other hand, the FSED emphasised preventive eugenics such as welfare programmes and health campaigns rather than negative eugenics such as the sterilisation of the unfit. The situation in Spain was mirrored in countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, which allows us to think about them in terms of 'Latin eugenics' rather than 'mainline eugenics' from countries such as Great Britain, Germany and the USA.

Science and Society in the Eugenic Thought of H. J. Muller

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Allen, Garland E.

1970-01-01

Traces the growth of theories of eugenics during the twentieth century, focussing on the work of H. J. Muller. Concludes that "Muller's lasting contribution was to write the hereditarian attitudes associated with traditional eugenics and the environmentalist's viewpoint associated with modern sociology to obtain a humane and reasoned approach to…

Eugenics and education: Implications of ideology, memory, and history for education in the United States

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Winfield, Ann Gibson

Eugenics has been variously described "as an ideal, as a doctrine, as a science (applied human genetics), as a set of practices (ranging from birth control to euthanasia), and as a social movement" (Paul 1998 p. 95). "Race Suicide" (Roosevelt 1905) and the ensuing national phobia regarding the "children of worm eaten stock" (Bobbitt 1909) prefaced an era of eugenic ideology whose influence on education has been largely ignored until recently. Using the concept of collective memory, I examine the eugenics movement, its progressive context, and its influence on the aims, policy and practice of education. Specifically, this study examines the ideology of eugenics as a specific category and set of distinctions, and the role of collective memory in providing the mechanism whereby eugenic ideology may shape and fashion interpretation and action in current educational practice. The formation of education as a distinct academic discipline, the eugenics movement, and the Progressive era coalesced during the first decades of the twentieth century to form what has turned out to be a lasting alliance. This alliance has had a profound impact on public perception of the role of schools, how students are classified and sorted, degrees and definitions of intelligence, attitudes and beliefs surrounding multiculturalism and a host of heretofore unexplored ramifications. My research is primarily historical and theoretical and uses those material and media cultural artifacts generated by the eugenics movement to explore the relationship between eugenic ideology and the institution of education.

Eugenics--a side effect of progressivism? analysis of the role of scientific and medical elites in the rise and fall of eugenics in pre-war Poland.

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Blach, Olga

2010-06-01

The eminent geneticist, Benno Muller-Hill, described eugenics as"explosive mixture between something we might call hard science, that is, human genetics, and the sphere of political action. On the one hand, geneticists needed politicians to implement their ideas. On the other hand, Hitler and the Nazis needed scientists who could say that anti-Semitism has scientific theoretical foundations." For some Polish eugenicists, the Third Reich was not the home of the Nuremberg Laws, but a country that "boldly embarked on racial hygiene." This enthusiastic attitude of Polish intellectual circles towards Nazi eugenic laws was characteristic of the status of pre-war science in Poland, which in many areas, such as anthropology and psychiatry, remained strongly influenced by the paradigm of German science. While the professional and scientific context of the day promoted eugenic and racist ideas within the framework of the academic milieu and the curriculum of the medical and scientific community, eugenicists in Poland tended to refrain from anti-Semitic and racist phraseology. Indeed, the Polish eugenic movement was class- rather than race-orientated. The hybrid language of eugenics, combining social sensitivity with repulsion and contempt for the sick and the weak, illustrated the ambiguous stance of the Polish eugenicists on politics and science in Nazi Germany, for the Third Reich provided the German eugenicists with what had always been an unfulfilled dream to the Polish eugenicists--political power and the ability to implement their ideas.

Emancipation through interaction--how eugenics and statistics converged and diverged.

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Louçã, Francisco

2009-01-01

The paper discusses the scope and influence of eugenics in defining the scientific programme of statistics and the impact of the evolution of biology on social scientists. It argues that eugenics was instrumental in providing a bridge between sciences, and therefore created both the impulse and the institutions necessary for the birth of modern statistics in its applications first to biology and then to the social sciences. Looking at the question from the point of view of the history of statistics and the social sciences, and mostly concentrating on evidence from the British debates, the paper discusses how these disciplines became emancipated from eugenics precisely because of the inspiration of biology. It also relates how social scientists were fascinated and perplexed by the innovations taking place in statistical theory and practice.

The sex reform movement and eugenics in interwar Poland.

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Gawin, Magdalena

2008-06-01

This paper focuses on the relations between a liberal group of sex reformers, consisting of writers and literary critics, and physicians from the Polish Eugenics Society in interwar Poland. It illustrates the paradoxes of the mutual co-operation between these two groups during the 1930s and analyses the reason why compulsory sterilisation was rejected by politicians. From the early 1930s two movements began to forge an alliance in Poland: the sexual reform movement which advocated freedom of the individual, and eugenics, which called for limiting the freedom of the individual for the collective good. This paper draws attention to several issues which emerged as part of this collaboration: population politics, the relationship between reformers, eugenicists and state institutions, and the question of how both movements--eugenics and sexual reform--perceived the question of sexuality, birth control and abortion. It will also focus on those aspects of their thinking that led to mutual co-operation.

A Canadian paradox: Tommy Douglas and eugenics.

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Shevell, Michael

2012-01-01

Tommy Douglas is an icon of Canadian 20th Century political history and is considered by many as the "Father" of Medicare, a key component of our national identity. Throughout his career, he was associated at both the provincial and federal levels with progressive causes concerning disadvantaged populations. In his sociology Master's thesis written in the early 1930's, Douglas endorsed eugenic oriented solutions such as segregation and sterilization to address what was perceived to be an endemic and biologically determined problem. At first glance, this endorsement of eugenics appears to be paradoxical, but careful analysis revealed that this paradox has multiple roots in religion, political belief, historical exposure and our own desire to view our collective history in a favourable light.

The master potter and the rejected pots: eugenic legislation in Victoria, 1918-1939.

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Jones, R L

1999-01-01

In the period since Carol Bacchi introduced eugenics into Australian historiography in 1980, much has been written that has increased our understanding of the role eugenics played in the development of Australian society in the first half of this century. It is now generally recognised that eugenics developed after the first world war from a relatively simplistic scientific justification of racist and class-biased social Darwinism into a movement concerned with using environmental reforms to help a wide range of Australians reach their full potential. In the interwar years the reform eugenicists (as they have been named) were active in a wide range of environmental movements including health reforms, slum clearance and educational improvements. The corollary of reform eugenics was based on the belief that heredity was an impassable obstacle for some: mental deficients were not considered to be racially 'fit' or 'efficient' enough to benefit from the reforms. Whilst this side of reform eugenics is well known in other countries (sterilisation programmes in Germany, the United States and Scandinavia being examples), it is yet to receive much attention so far in the discussion about Australia in the interwar years. This article argues that the attempt of a group of influential reform eugenicists in Victoria in the interwar years to institute legislation aimed at denying a significant proportion of the population the most basic rights of citizenship (including the right to reproduce) redresses the imbalance in our understanding of reform eugenics in the interwar years.

From 'beastly philosophy' to medical genetics: eugenics in Russia and the Soviet Union.

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Krementsov, Nikolai

2011-01-01

This essay offers an overview of the three distinct periods in the development of Russian eugenics: Imperial (1900-1917), Bolshevik (1917-1929), and Stalinist (1930-1939). Began during the Imperial era as a particular discourse on the issues of human heredity, diversity, and evolution, in the early years of the Bolshevik rule eugenics was quickly institutionalized as a scientific discipline--complete with societies, research establishments, and periodicals--that aspired an extensive grassroots following, generated lively public debates, and exerted considerable influence on a range of medical, public health, and social policies. In the late 1920s, in the wake of Joseph Stalin's 'Great Break', eugenics came under intense critique as a 'bourgeois' science and its proponents quickly reconstituted their enterprise as 'medical genetics'. Yet, after a brief period of rapid growth during the early 1930s, medical genetics was dismantled as a 'fascist science' towards the end of the decade. Based on published and original research, this essay examines the factors that account for such an unusual--as compared to the development of eugenics in other locales during the same period--historical trajectory of Russian eugenics.

R. A. Fisher: a faith fit for eugenics.

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Moore, James

2007-03-01

In discussions of 'religion-and-science', faith is usually emphasized more than works, scientists' beliefs more than their deeds. By reversing the priority, a lingering puzzle in the life of Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962), statistician, eugenicist and founder of the neo-Darwinian synthesis, can be solved. Scholars have struggled to find coherence in Fisher's simultaneous commitment to Darwinism, Anglican Christianity and eugenics. The problem is addressed by asking what practical mode of faith or faithful mode of practice lent unity to his life? Families, it is argued, with their myriad practical, emotional and intellectual challenges, rendered a mathematically-based eugenic Darwinian Christianity not just possible for Fisher, but vital.

Sterilization and birth control in the shadow of eugenics: married, middle-class women in Alberta, 1930-1960s.

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Dyck, Erika

2014-01-01

The history of eugenic sterilization connotes draconian images of coerced and involuntary procedures robbing men and women of their reproductive health. While eugenics programs often fit this characterization, there is another, smaller, and less obvious legacy of eugenics that arguably contributed to a more empowering image of reproductive health. Sexual sterilization surgeries as a form of contraception began to gather momentum alongside eugenics programs in the middle of the 20th century and experiences among prairie women serve as an illustrative example. Alberta maintained its eugenics program from 1929 to 1972 and engaged in thousands of eugenic sterilizations, but by the 1940s middle-class married women pressured their Albertan physicians to provide them with sterilization surgeries to control fertility, as a matter of choice. The multiple meanings and motivations behind this surgery introduced a moral quandary for physicians, which encourages medical historians to revisit the history of eugenics and its relationship to the contemporaneous birth control movement.

Resistance in School and Society: Public and Pedagogical Debates about Eugenics, 1900-1947.

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Selden, Steven

1988-01-01

This article reviews positions of scientists, educators and publicists who resisted eugenics and determinism. The nature nurture controversy is discussed, as well as the impact of eugenics on American classrooms. Specific attention is given to four resisters: Dewey, Bagley, Jennings, and Lippmann. (IAH)

A Child's Right to Be Well Born: Venereal Disease and the Eugenic Marriage Laws, 1913-1935.

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Lombardo, Paul A

2017-01-01

An extensive literature describes the legal impact of America's eugenics movement, and the laws mandating sterilization, restriction of marriage by race, and ethnic bans on immigration. But little scholarship focuses on the laws adopted in more than 40 states that were commonly referred to as "eugenic marriage laws." Those laws conditioned marriage licenses on medical examinations and were designed to save innocent women from lives of misery, prevent stillbirth or premature death in children, and save future generations from the myriad afflictions that accompanied "venereal infection." Medical journals, legal journals, and every kind of public press outlet explained the "eugenic marriage laws" and the controversies they spawned. They were inextricably bound up in reform movements that attempted to eradicate prostitution, stamp out STIs, and reform America's sexual mores in the first third of the 20th century. This article will explain the pedigree of the eugenic marriage laws, highlight the trajectory of Wisconsin's 1913 eugenic enactment, and explore how the Wisconsin Supreme Court case upholding the law paved the way for the majority of states to regulate marriage on eugenic grounds.

When the time seems ripe: eugenics, the annals, and the subtle persistence of typological thinking.

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Weiss, Kenneth M; Lambert, Brian W

2011-05-01

This journal began in 1925 as the Annals of Eugenics. Much has changed since then. The original Editors' primary eugenic objective was not achieved, and eugenics justifiably became notorious for racism and gross abuse of human rights. But one founding aim was to publish advances in statistical genetics, and that objective prospered in the journal's pages from its beginning to the present day. The online availability of the original issues will be useful to those interested in the history of both eugenics and human genetics and will provide a reminder of how the careless use of genetical concepts can go astray. © 2010 The Authors Annals of Human Genetics © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

Eugenics from the New Deal to the Great Society: genetics, demography and population quality.

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Ramsden, Edmund

2008-12-01

The relationship between biological and social scientists as regards the study of human traits and behavior has often been perceived in terms of mutual distrust, even antipathy. In the interwar period, population study seemed an area that might allow for closer relations between them-united as they were by a concern to improve the eugenic quality of populations. Yet these relations were in tension: by the early post-war era, social demographers were denigrating the contributions of biologists to the study of population problems as embodying the elitist ideology of eugenics. In response to this loss of credibility, the eugenics movement pursued a simultaneous program of withdrawal and expansion: its leaders helped focus concern with biological quality onto the developing field of medical genetics, while at the same moment, extended their scope to improving the social quality of populations through birth control policies, guided by demography. While this approach maintained boundaries between the social and the biological, in the 1960s, a revitalized American Eugenics Society helped reunite leading demographers and geneticists. This paper will assess the reasons for this period of influence for eugenics, and explore its implications for the social and biological study of human populations.

[Eugenics: morality or pragmatism].

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Gómez Fröde, Carina

2013-01-01

The subject of eugenics is as old as humanity itself, but since World War II it has been related almost automatically with the policies and practices implemented by the National Socialist regime. This happened despite the fact that these despicable practices were inspired by legislation in place in the United Sates since the 19th century and which, in some cases, were modified until the 1970's. Today, some state governments are still paying compensation to victims of these policies.

Eugene Jolas: A Poet of Multilingualism

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Kelbert, Eugenia

2015-01-01

Eugene Jolas, the first-time publisher of James Joyce's Finnegans Wake (1939 / 2012), started his career as a translingual journalist and poet. A French-German bilingual, Jolas acquired English in adolescence, crossing the Atlantic to refashion himself as an American man of letters. A "Man from Babel," as he styles himself in his…

Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy--An Andragogical Pioneer

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Loeng, Svein

2013-01-01

Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy's work related to andragogy is insufficiently discussed in adult pedagogical literature, although most of his work deals with this field, if we employ his own definition of andragogy. This paper makes visible his role as an andragogical pioneer, and clarifies his understanding of andragogy and basic perspectives in his…

Eugenics for the doctors: medicine and social control in 1930s Turkey.

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Salgirli, Sanem Güvenç

2011-07-01

This article aims to add a new dimension to the analysis of the relationship between medicine and eugenics via a discussion of the community of Turkish physicians in the period between the two World Wars. It argues that even though the relationship between the two fields has been discussed before in terms of the professional ideology of doctors, the medical community itself has not come under scrutiny by scholars. It is the purpose of this article to show eugenics as the main unifying edifice of that community and argue that eugenics is to be found in the patterns of social reproduction of the doctors as part of the professional middle class in addition to being those who transfer knowledge of medicine. As can be seen in Turkey in the 1930s, the doctors, in their efforts to construct themselves as the pioneers of modern scientific medicine, as well as the new ruling class of the country, used eugenics extensively both as a means of self-identification, and as a way to build a professional class "fit" to rule the country. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

A Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities at Teachers College: David Eugene Smith's Collection

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Murray, Diane R.

2012-01-01

This dissertation is a history of David Eugene Smith's collection of historical books, manuscripts, portraits, and instruments related to mathematics. The study analyzes surviving documents, images, objects, college announcements and catalogs, and secondary sources related to Smith's collection. David Eugene Smith (1860-1944) travelled…

77 FR 35366 - Albany-Eugene Transmission Line Rebuild Project

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2012-06-13

... materials, removing vegetation including danger trees, and revegetating areas disturbed by construction... implement the Proposed Action Alternative, based on the Albany-Eugene Transmission Line Rebuild Project (DOE...

[Unwanted memory, the Polish eugenic movement in between-the-wars period: side-notes to Krzysztof Kawalec's article].

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Gawin, M

2001-01-01

A polemical response to Krzysztof Kawalec's article 'Dispute over Eugenics in 1918-1939', published in 'Medycyna Nowizytna' ['Modern Medicine'], 2000, vol. 7, fascicle 2. In his article Krzysztof Kawalec overlooks the issue of race, which had been at the centre of the eugenic ideology, and then erroneously situates eugenicists on the political spectrum. The eugenicists were not radicals or totalitarians but constituted a group of leftist-liberal intellectuals. Their views were rejected by the Polish government circles in power at that time, not without the deterring influence of Nazi racism and the opposition of the Catholic Church. The main reason why eugenic notions suffered a defeat in pre-war Poland was the isolation and political weakness of eugenic circles. Therefore, issues relating to Polish eugenics during the two decades between the two World Wars should be consigned to a much greater degree to the realm of learning and social movements rather than to the political sphere.

Continuities and ruptures in the history of eugenics: an analysis from Renato Kehl publications in the Post-World War II

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Leonardo Dallacqua de Carvalho

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Overall, the period after World War II is characterized as a turning point or discontinuance of racial theories and debate about racial identity, especially when referring to the history of eugenics. From the analysis of medical work of eugenicist Renato Kehl, the aim of this study is to investigate the continuities and discontinuities of eugenic through this author, trying to understand the way that eugenic ideas gained in the post-World War II. The continuity of Kehl publications on eugenics in the 1940s to 1960s allows us to observe the development of this debate in a context of contestation to the Eugenics theories.

Hitler's bible: an analysis of the relationship between American and German eugenics in pre-war Nazi Germany.

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Brown, Susan

2009-06-01

Throughout the last century the wellbeing of those with disability has been threatened by the idea of eugenics. The most notable and extreme example of this could be considered to have been carried out during World WarTwo, within Nazi eugenic programmes. These resulted in the sterilisation and killing of hundreds of thousands of disabled people. Through research of a wide range of sources it has been established that much of the inspiration and encouragement for this rapidly progressing movement in Germany initially came from America, most notably from California. American eugenicists expressed interest, and at times jealousy, at the speed of the progression in German eugenics. German Sterilisation laws were drafted following careful study of American experiments and research, while financial support from a number of American individuals encouraged further German research. Correspondence between influential leaders, including Hitler, Grant and Whitney, Verschuer and Popenoe, on both sides also added to the developing relationship. In conclusion, although there are a number of vital differences between the progress of the eugenics programme in America and in pre-war Nazi Germany, and eugenics in America never produced the massive genocide that occurred in Germany, it is clear that the research, encouragement and enthusiasm from America had a profound influence on the rapidly growing Nazi eugenics movement.

Zur Rolle von Plansprachen im terminologiewissenschaftlichen Werk von Eugen Wuster (The Role of Planned Languages in Eugen Wuster's Work on Terminology Science).

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Blanke, Detlev

1998-01-01

Discusses the relationship between planned languages and specialized technical languages, with particular reference to Esperanto, and analyzes its significance for several aspects of Eugen Wuster's (the founder of terminology science) work. (Author/VWL)

The economics of race and eugenic sterilization in North Carolina: 1958-1968.

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Price, Gregory N; Darity, William A

2010-07-01

Theoretical justifications for state-sanctioned sterilization of individuals provided by Irving Fisher rationalized its racialization on grounds that certain non-white racial groups, particularly blacks due to their dysgenic biological and behavioral traits, retarded economic growth and should be bred out of existence. Fisher's rationale suggests that national or state level eugenic policies that sterilized the so-called biological and genetically unfit could have been racist in both design and effect by disproportionately targeting black Americans. We empirically explore this with data on eugenic sterilizations in the State of North Carolina between 1958 and 1968. Count data parameter estimates from a cross-county population allocation model of sterilization reveal that the probability of non-institutional and total sterilizations increased with a county's black population share-an effect not found for any other racial group in the population. Our results suggest that in North Carolina, eugenic sterilization policies were racially biased and genocidal. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Arnold Gesell's progressive vision: child hygiene, socialism and eugenics.

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Harris, Ben

2011-08-01

In October 1913, The American Magazine published an article by Arnold Gesell that portrayed Alma, Wisconsin (his hometown) as overflowing with the mentally and morally unfit. In "The Village of a Thousand Souls", Gesell called for the observation and segregation of the unfit as a eugenic measure. This article explores the reasons behind this infamous article by someone who became a famous developmental psychologist and pediatrician. Gesell's papers at the Library of Congress reveal his socialist views of poverty, injustice, and human development. The archives of his father's photography studio at the Wisconsin Historical Society reveal his manipulation of the photographic record to fit his negative view of Alma. Typical of the era, Gesell's Progressive vision combined social control and negative eugenics with egalitarianism and the benevolent engineering of the environment.

[Constant or break? On the relations between human genetics and eugenics in the Twentieth Century].

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Germann, Pascal

2015-07-01

The history of human genetics has been a neglected topic in history of science and medicine for a long time. Only recently, have medical historians begun to pay more attention to the history of human heredity. An important research question deals with the interconnections between human genetics and eugenics. This paper addresses this question: By focusing on a Swiss case study, the investigation of the heredity of goiter, I will argue that there existed close but also ambiguous relations between heredity research and eugenics in the twentieth century. Studies on human heredity often produced evidence that challenged eugenic aims and ideas. Concurrently, however, these studies fostered visions of genetic improvement of human populations.

Prenatal diagnosis as a tool and support for eugenics: myth or reality in contemporary French society?

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Gaille, Marie; Viot, Géraldine

2013-02-01

Today, French public debate and bioethics research reflect an ongoing controversy about eugenics. The field of reproductive medicine is often targeted as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), prenatal diagnosis, and prenatal detection are accused of drifting towards eugenics or being driven by eugenics considerations. This article aims at understanding why the charge against eugenics came at the forefront of the ethical debate. Above all, it aims at showing that the charge against prenatal diagnosis is groundless. The point of view presented in this article has been elaborated jointly by a geneticist and a philosopher. Besides a survey of the medical, bioethical, philosophical and social sciences literature on the topic, the methodology is founded on a joint analysis of geneticist's various consults. Evidence from office visits demonstrated that prenatal diagnosis leads to case-by-case decisions. As we have suggested, this conclusion does not mean that prenatal diagnosis is devoid of ethical issues, and we have identified at least two. The first is related to the evaluation of a decision to abort. The second line of ethical questions arises from the fact that the claim for "normality" hardly hides normative and ambiguous views about disability. As a conclusion, ethical dilemmas keep being noticeable in the field of reproductive medicine and genetic counselling, but an enquiry about eugenic tendencies probably does not allow us to understand them in the proper way.

"The Bell Curve" and Carrie Buck: Eugenics Revisited.

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Smith, J. David

1995-01-01

The 1994 publication of "The Bell Curve" by R. Herrnstein and C. Murray is compared to other examples of eugenic principles, including the sterilization of "feebleminded" Carrie Buck, family degeneracy studies focusing on lower class Caucasian families, and other works that view the poorest and least educated members of society…

"Democracy was never intended for degenerates": Alberta's flirtation with eugenics comes back to haunt it.

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Cairney, R

1996-09-15

An Alberta woman recently won a lawsuit against the government of Alberta for wrongful sterilization that took place when she was a 14-year-old ward at the Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives. It was the first time the province has been held accountable for actions taken under the Sexual Sterilization Act, a 1927 law that promoted the theory of eugenics and led to the sterilization of more than 2800 people. It has since been repealed. A physician who served on the province's Eugenics Board said the decisions were based on the best scientific advice and medical techniques available at the time. Today, she added, eugenics is being practised in a different way through prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion.

Chris Woodhead: A New Champion of Eugenic Theories

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Chitty, Clyde

2009-01-01

Eugenic Theories are clearly alive and well in present-day society--or this is at least true of those theories relating to the passing on of abilities and talents from one generation to the next. This depressing thought was prompted by a reading of Chris Woodhead's latest book "A Desolation of Learning."

Colombia en el contexto eugenésico latinoamericano 1900-1950

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Juan Vianey Tovar Mosquera

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La Eugenesia es un acontecimiento histórico que logró mover, una vez más, los fundamentos éticos tradicionales de la humanidad, cuestionando nuestra concepción de lo humano, haciendo de la diferencia, la debilidad o la enfermad una amenaza tangible urgente de normalizar o exterminar. Objetivo. Estudiar la forma como se desarrolló el movimiento eugenésico en Latinoamérica, en países como Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba, Chile, México y Perú. Materiales y métodos. Artículo de revisión de corte histórico; se seleccionó bibliografía que permitiera 1 brindar acercamiento al origen y principios de la Eugenesia; 2 investigaciones y artículos publicados en los países en mención que dan cuenta del desarrollo del movimiento eugenésico y de las políticas e instituciones con ocasión del mismo; 3 documentos históricos de intelectuales, políticos y educadores colombianos de la primera mitad del siglo XX para evaluar su adhesión al darwinismo social y al paradigma degeneracionista; 4 revisión de la legislación de la primera mitad del siglo XX en Colombia para analizar la materialización de principios eugenésicos y finalmente 5 se abordaron documentos que permiten consolidar una reflexión en torno a los graves problemas éticos y sociales que implicó la Eugenesia como un paradigma determinista biológica y socialmente. Resultados y discusión. Se evidencia que el movimiento eugenésico permeó el contexto latinoamericano definiendo, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, la política pública de los diferentes estados en materia educativa, médica, económica y migratoria, entre otras; generando graves problemas de estigmatización racial y moral.

'These pushful days': time and disability in the age of eugenics.

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Baynton, Douglas C

2011-01-01

At the turn of the twentieth century, social attitudes toward disability turned sharply negative. An international eugenics movement brought about restrictive immigration laws in the United States and other immigrant nations. One cause was the changing understanding of time, both historical and quotidian, that accompanied the advent of evolutionary theory and a competitive industrial economy. As analogies of competition became culturally ubiquitous, new words to talk about disability such as 'handicapped', 'retarded', 'abnormal', 'degenerate', and 'defective', came into everyday use, all of them explicitly or implicitly rooted in new ways of thinking about time. The intense fear of disability that characterised the eugenics movement grew, in good part, from this new and unsettling vision of time.

Eesti aja arhitektuur : Eugen Habermann 125. Herbert Johanson 125 / Ike Volkov

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Volkov, Ike, 1951-

2010-01-01

Näitus Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseumis 04. 12. 2009-07. 03. 2010. Eugen Habermannist ja Herbert Johansonist, nende tegevusest ja loomingust. Selle aja ja praegustest probleemidest ning lahendusvõimalustest

Eugenics and moral authorship. Analysis of a Habermas´s thesis

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César Ortega Esquembre

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to study the Jürgen Habermas´s vision of genetic manipulation; in particular, it will be addressed critically his assumption that the genetically engineered person would loose his awareness of authorship. In the author´s view, positive genetic intervention —one that is to genetically enhance the subject— would eliminate the awareness of authorship of that subject, as well as his self-understanding as moral agent. Two aspects of the question will be approached: firstly, the correctness or incorrectness of Habermas´s thesis. Secondly, the relevance of the thesis to oppose positive eugenics. Could be other arguments considered within Habermas´s conceptual framework to oppose positive eugenics?

Eugen Bleuler 150: Bleuler's reception of Freud.

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Dalzell, Thomas G

2007-12-01

On the 150th anniversary of Eugen Bleuler's birth, this article examines his reception of Sigmund Freud and his use of Freudian theory to understand the symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, in contrast to earlier interpretations of Bleuler's relationship with Freud in terms of an eventual personal and theoretical incompatibility, the article demonstrates that, although Bleuler did distance himself from the psychoanalytic movement, he remained consistent in his views on Freud's theories.

The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner the Scientific Papers

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Wigner, Eugene Paul

1993-01-01

Eugene Wigner is one of the few giants of 20th-century physics His early work helped to shape quantum mechanics, he laid the foundations of nuclear physics and nuclear engineering, and he contributed significantly to solid-state physics His philosophical and political writings are widely known All his works will be reprinted in Eugene Paul Wigner's Collected Workstogether with descriptive annotations by outstanding scientists The present volume begins with a short biographical sketch followed by Wigner's papers on group theory, an extremely powerful tool he created for theoretical quantum physics They are presented in two parts The first, annotated by B Judd, covers applications to atomic and molecular spectra, term structure, time reversal and spin In the second, G Mackey introduces to the reader the mathematical papers, many of which are outstanding contributions to the theory of unitary representations of groups, including the famous paper on the Lorentz group

[Eugenics' extension in the Spanish health care system through the prenatal diagnosis].

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Rodríguez Martín, Esteban

2012-01-01

The wide implantation of strategies of sifted or prenatal selection close to laws that protect the destruction of the human life before the childbirth in the whole world, they are giving place to an increasing number of eugenic abortions. In Spain, the law 2/2010 of the sexual and reproductive health and voluntary interruption of pregnancy there has supposed the liberalization of the eugenic abortion without term limit. In we make concrete, the sanitary national and international policies of prenatal selection of Down's Syndrome, which they chase to facilitate the total or partial destruction before the childbirth of this human group, submitting it to a few particular conditions of existence during his prenatal life in those who will be an object of a series of technologies of selection, they might be qualified of genocidal policies if we consider the definition of genocide given by United Nations. In consequence, the sanitary agent who takes part without objection in the above mentioned programs promoted by the principal agents, meets turned into a necessary cooperator of the abortion who justifies itself in the supposition of "foetal risk". We can conclude that we are present at an eugenic drift of the prenatal diagnosis that is opposite to the ethical beginning of the medical profession.

[Eugenics and Falange through the journal Ser (1942-1957)].

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Rendon, Sara Navarro

2016-01-01

Biopolitics has played an important role in fascist totalitarianism and the-Francoist regime was no exception. From the and with ultimate goal or regulating the population, measures were implemented to increase, care for and indoctrinate the population. This present study analyses the selection and promotion measures of some populations and the marginalisation of others proposed the Spanish Falangist Movement's official publication in the field of medicine, the journal Ser, Revista Medico-Social by the National Delegation of Health of the Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Committees of the National Syndicalist Offensivie (F.E.T y de las J. O. N. S. 1942-1957). In this respect, the analysis of eugenic ideas and practice defended therein become especially interesting, claiming that, through indoctrination and health development, the race would be improved both physically and mentally. From the systematic analysis of the journals's contenets it has been demonstrated that this was one of the instruments used by the dictatorial regime to reconfigure eugenics in accordance with Catholic morals and national syndicalist politics.

The doers of good. Scandinavian historians revise the social history of eugenics(1997-2001).

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Zylberman, Patrick

2008-01-01

Late disclosure of the large scale of sterilization practices in the Nordic countries created an outburst of scandal: did these policies rely on coercion? To what extent? Who in the end was responsible? Sterilization practices targeted underprivileged people first. The mentally retarded and women were their first victims. Operations were very frequently determined by other people's manipulative or coercive influences. Should the blame be put on the Social-Democrats in power throughout the period (except in Finland and Estonia)? Apart from Denmark, perhaps, local physicians and local services, more than governments, seemed to have strongly supported sterilization practices. Teetotalers and feminists shared responsibilities. How can one explain that eugenics finally declined? Based on a sound application of the Hardy-Weinberg law, the science of the eugenicists was correct. Was it politics? But uncovering of the Nazi crimes had only a very small impact on eugenics. Some authors underline the fact that the Nordic scientific institutions were particularly suited to liberal values. Others point to the devastating effect on eugenics once hereditarist psychiatry fell from favor in the middle of the sixties.

Echoes of a Forgotten Past: Eugenics, Testing, and Education Reform.

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Stoskopf, Alan

2002-01-01

Review of the work of Goddard, Terman, and Thorndike and the role of eugenics and the intelligence quotient in testing points out dangers to be avoided in the current testing climate, such as use of the business model, single-number scores, and tracking. (Contains 42 references.) (SK)

The Legitimizing Function of Judicial Rhetoric in the Eugenics Controversy.

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Hasian, Marouf, Jr.; Croasmun, Earl

1992-01-01

Investigates the possibility that judicial policymaking is responsive to the situational exigencies created in part through public discourse. Investigates the elite and public perspectives regarding the eugenics controversy in the 1920s to explore the emergent relationship between the public and technical spheres of argument. (SR)

What Was Wrong with Eugenics? Conflicting Narratives and Disputed Interpretations

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Paul, Diane B.

2014-01-01

Although it is often taken for granted that eugenics is odious, exactly what makes it so is far from obvious. The existence of considerable interpretative flexibility is evident in the disparate policy lessons for contemporary reproductive genetics (or "reprogenetics") that have been derived from essentially the same set of historical…

The Real "Toll" of A. G. Bell: Lessons about Eugenics

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Greenwald, Brian H.

2009-01-01

Historian Brian Greenwald offers a revisionist interpretation of Bell. He reviews Bell's role and influence within the American eugenics movement and shows that Bell had the respect of the most prominent American eugenicists. His intimate knowledge of deafness, from personal experience with his mother and wife and from his studies of deaf people…

To what extent were ideas and beliefs about eugenics held in Nazi Germany shared in Britain and the United States prior to the second world war?

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Wittmann, Emily

2004-06-01

The term eugenics was first coined by Darwin's cousin, Francis Galton, in 1883. The eugenic movement gained public popularity across Europe and North America at the end of the Victorian era, fuelled by the concept of 'social Darwinism' and public fear of a decline in the number of ideal citizens. The origins of eugenic legislation can be found in the USA's immigration acts of the early 1880's. Indiana was the first state to pass sterilisation laws, in 1907. The laws that followed were used as templates by the Nazis, thirty years later. In Britain the Wood Committee (1924) and the Brock Committee (1931) both put pressure on parliament to introduce eugenic laws but were defeated. The anti-eugenics movement was stronger than in other protestant European countries and eugenics fell out of favour as the 1930's progressed. In the USA however, support remained strong, leading one activist to comment in 1934, 'The Germans are beating us at our own game'. There appears to have been little emphasis on eugenics in the Weimar Parliament, but the Nazi's legislation, on coming to power in 1933, surpassed anything conceived on either side of the Atlantic at the outbreak of war in 1939.

The Liberal Eugenics: A Look from the Composition the Future of Human Nature by Jürgen Habermas

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Freitas, Riva Sobrado De; Zilio, Daniela

2015-01-01

This article intends to analyze the liberal eugenics from the understanding of Jürgen Habermas in the composition The Future of Human Nature, mainly with respect to the possibilities that the subject exposed to genetic manipulation procedures may have hurt its right to self-understanding and, consequently, its personal dignity. The purpose consists in investigating the idea introduced by the author about the liberal eugenics and its possible consequences in relation to the rights of the subje...

Eugenics and migration: a case study of Salvation Army literature about Canada and Britain, c.1890-1921.

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Baker, Graham J

2014-01-01

The eugenics movement attracted a wide range of supporters. This article explores this theme with relation to literature about the charitable work of the Salvation Army in Britain and Canada c.1890-1921, with a focus upon the emigration scheme outlined in William Booth's book In Darkest England and the Way Out. These writings indicate the widespread dispersal of eugenic ideology, and demonstrate the flexibility with which these theories were interpreted in this period. It will be shown that the Salvation Army adopted elements of both hereditarian and environmentalist views regarding racial health. These arguments were unified by the claim that the work of the organization made a worthy contribution to public health, both in the present and in the future. This case study sheds new light upon the history of a prominent evangelical Christian organization and upon the development of the international eugenics movement.

Eugene Wigner – A Gedanken Pioneer of the Second Quantum Revolution

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Zeilinger Anton

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Eugene Wigner pointed out very interesting consequences of quantum physics in elegant gedanken experiments. As a result of technical progress, these gedanken experiments have become real experiments and contribute to the development of novel concepts in quantum information science, often called the second quantum revolution.

[On the medical and publishing activities of the community of Saint Eugene].

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2012-01-01

The article deals with the role the physicians played in organization and functioning of the Community of Saint Eugene in St. Petersburg in 1882-1918. The typography production of the Community being of interest for history of medicine is examined.

Eugenia 'negativa', psiquiatria e catolicismo: embates em torno da esterilização eugênica no Brasil 'Negative' eugenics, psychiatry, and Catholicism: clashes over eugenic sterilization in Brazil

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Robert Wegner

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Analisa o diálogo do eugenista Renato Kehl com um grupo de psiquiatras brasileiros que, no início da década de 1930, aproximaram-se da chamada eugenia negativa. Entusiasmados com as pesquisas e a aplicação de medidas eugênicas em países como os EUA e a Alemanha, autores como Ernani Lopes, Ignácio da Cunha Lopes, Alberto Farani e Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva elegeram a religião católica como empecilho para que o Brasil pudesse seguir caminho semelhante, especialmente quanto à resistência à implantação da esterilização dos ditos 'degenerados' que passara a vigorar na Alemanha em 1934. O artigo mapeia as diferentes estratégias propostas pelos autores para dialogar com a Igreja católica.The article analyzes the dialogue between eugenicist Renato Kehl and a group of Brazilian psychiatrists who turned their interest to so-called negative eugenics in the early 1930s. Enthused about research into eugenics and the application of eugenic methods in countries such as the United States and Germany, authors like Ernani Lopes, Ignácio da Cunha Lopes, Alberto Farani, and Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva blamed Catholicism for impeding Brazil from moving in a similar direction, especially the church's resistance to the sterilization of 'degenerates', which entered into effect in Germany in 1934. The article charts the various strategies these authors proposed for engaging in dialogue with the Catholic Church.

[Twenty-five years of screening eugenics in Spain].

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Mérida Donoso, Salvador

2012-01-01

Over the past 25 years, the incidence of newborns with congenital defects in Spain has fallen by 56.7% primarily due to the practice of "fetal risk" abortion, after prenatal diagnosis. In some cases, such as people with Down syndrome, the strategy involves the removal of 80-90% of those affected in pregnancy. After presenting the techniques used today and statistical data, we will make a reflection about the ethical justification for prenatal diagnosis programs and practice of "eugenic" abortion.

EUGEN SIMION – (LITERARY CRITIC – A FORM OF CHARACTER

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Dr. Lucian CHIŞU

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The article presents the life and activity of one of the greatest contemporary Romanian literary critics. President of the Romanian Academy, member of the French Academy of Art s, Eugen Simion approached the work of classical and contemporary Romanian writers as well as that of international writers such as E. Ionescu, E. Cioran, M. Eliade, P. Popescu.

Racial science in social context: John R. Baker on eugenics, race, and the public role of the scientist.

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Kenny, Michael G

2004-09-01

In 1974 a British biologist, John Randal Baker (1900-1984), published a large and controversial book simply entitled Race that reiterated persistent eugenicist themes concerning the relation between race, intelligence, and progress. The history of Baker's book is a case study in the politics of scientific publishing, and his ideas influenced scholars associated with later works such as The Bell Curve. Baker, a student of Julian Huxley, was a longtime participant in the British eugenics movement and opponent of what he took to be a facile belief in human equality. In 1942, together with Michael Polanyi, he founded the Society for Freedom in Science to oppose those who advocated the central planning of scientific research. Baker's eugenics, political activities, and views on race express an elitist individualism, associated with the conservative wing of the eugenics movement, that this paper explores in the context of his career as a whole.

Maltreatment of people with serious mental illness in the early 20th century: a focus on Nazi Germany and eugenics in America.

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Fischer, Bernard A

2012-12-01

Prejudice and stigma against people with mental illness can be seen throughout history. The worst instance of this prejudice was connected to the rise of the eugenics movement in the early 20th century. Although the Nazi German T-4 program of killing people with mental illness was the most egregious culmination of this philosophy, the United States has its own dark eugenics history-nearing a slippery slope all too similar to that of the Nazis. Mental health care clinicians need to examine this period to honor the memory of the victims of eugenics and to guarantee that nothing like this will ever happen again.

From species ethics to social concerns: Habermas's critique of "liberal eugenics" evaluated.

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Árnason, Vilhjálmur

2014-10-01

Three arguments of Habermas against "liberal eugenics" -- the arguments from consent, responsibility, and instrumentalization -- are critically evaluated and explicated in the light of his discourse ethics and social theory. It is argued that these arguments move partly at a too deep level and are in part too individualistic and psychological to sufficiently counter the liberal position that he sets out to criticize. This is also due to limitations that prevent discourse ethics from connecting effectively to the moral and political domains, e.g., through a discussion of justice. In spite of these weaknesses, Habermas's thesis is of major relevance and brings up neglected issues in the discussion about eugenic reproductive practices. This relevance has not been duly recognized in bioethics, largely because of the depth of his speculations of philosophical anthropology. It is argued that Habermas's notion of the colonization of the lifeworld could provide the analytical tool needed to build that bridge to the moral and political domain.

[Transition in the midwifery profession. 25. The prewar birth control movement and the concept of eugenics].

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Obayashi, M

1987-08-01

The concept of eugenics played a significant role in the pre-war birth control movement. Some favored birth control from the standpoint of an individual's right to happiness, while others were against it from the standpoint of preservation of good stock for the nation. Yamamoto, Nobuharu (1889-1929), who translated Margaret Sanger's speech and her book in 1922, advocated birth control purely from a biologist's point of view. Birth control is necessary for the survival of strong healthy human beings capable of overcoming all the difficulties in their lives. Birth control is a form of natural selection consciously done to avoid overburdening and wasting individual lives. Nagai, Sen (1876-1957) was opposed to birth control from eugenicc' point of view. He became the 1st president of Japan Racial Hygiene Society in 1930 and founded Eugenics/Marriage Counseling Clinic in 1933. In his book on eugenics published in 1936 he stressed the importance of continuation of race by protecting good stock and eliminating poor stock by sterilization. Birth control was opposed because it will shorten the life of an ethnic group or a race. Furuya, Yoshio (1890-1974), also a racial hygiene major, supported population policies based on eugenics. He studied a trend in childbirth among women of different professions and geographical areas. Educated and cultured urban upper-middle class women showed a sudden decline in childbirth in their later years of marriage, suggesting the prevalence of birth control among them, while less educated low-income women continued to reproduce. He opposed to birth control but was in favor of sterilization for eliminating poor stock.

Hereditarian Ideas and Eugenic Ideals at the National Deaf-Mute College

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Ennis, William Thomas, III

2015-01-01

For the past two centuries deaf people in the United States have faced more or less intense skepticism about their marriages to each other, largely due to fears of inherited deafness. These fears, while always present, have waxed and waned over time, becoming most prominent during the eugenics era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth…

From political economy to sociology: Francis Galton and the social-scientific origins of eugenics.

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Renwick, Chris

2011-09-01

Having coined the word 'eugenics' and inspired leading biologists and statisticians of the early twentieth century, Francis Galton is often studied for his contributions to modern statistical biology. However, whilst documenting this part of his work, historians have frequently neglected crucial aspects of what motivated Galton to establish his eugenics research programme. Arguing that his work was shaped more by social than by biological science, this paper addresses these oversights by tracing the development of Galton's programme, from its roots in a debate about political economy to his appeals for it to be taken up by sociologists. In so doing, the paper not only returns Galton's ideas to their original context but also provides a reason to reflect on the place of the social sciences in history-of-science scholarship.

Inherently Undesirable: American Identity and the Role of Negative Eugenics in the Education of Visually Impaired and Blind Students in Ohio, 1870-1930

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Free, Jennifer L.

2012-01-01

To date, studies of eugenics artificially confine their focus to the movement's application to race, socio-economic status, and the forced sterilization of the so-called feebleminded. However, the segregationist aspect of the eugenics design in the United States brought with it damaging policies toward individuals with physical and mental…

From the 'Village of a Thousand Souls' to 'Race Crossing in Jamaica': Arnold Gesell, eugenics and child development.

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Weizmann, Fredric

2010-01-01

Perhaps best known for providing age-related norms in early development, norms that are still used as a basis for measures of developmental maturity, Arnold Gesell was a key figure in developmental psychology from the 1920s through the 1950s. After examining Gesell's reputation and status in the field, we explore Gesell's changing relationship to eugenics, both in terms of Gesell's often contradictory attitudes about the role of hereditary and environmental influences in development, and in terms of the broader relationship between the eugenics movement and science.

A not-so-new eugenics. Harris and Savulescu on human enhancement.

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Sparrow, Robert

2011-01-01

John Harris and Julian Savulescu, leading figures in the "new' eugenics, argue that parents are morally obligated to use genetic and other technologies to enhance their children. But the argument they give leads to conclusions even more radical than they acknowledge. Ultimately, the world it would lead to is not all that different from that championed by eugenicists one hundred years ago.

Thoughts on the Changing Meaning of Disability: New Eugenics or New Wholeness?

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Smith, J. David

1999-01-01

Reviews the impact of eugenics on people with disabilities and the danger that they will be further devalued in a world of increasing genetic manipulation. Margaret Mead's concept of providing opportunities for all people to learn how to participate wholly in society and the need for an ethical revolution are discussed. (CR)

Willis Eugene Lamb (1913 - 2008) - Passion for precision

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pain, J.C.

2013-01-01

In 1947, Willis Eugene Lamb with Robert Retherford measured a gap between the 2 fine structure levels 2s(1/2) and 2p(1/2) of the hydrogen atom while the Dirac equations gave them the same energy. This discovery called 'Lamb shift' was a driving factor for the development of quantum electrodynamics after the second world war. Lamb has also contributed to various fields of quantum physics, he studied the ejection of electrons by metastable atoms and also the Bose-Einstein condensation. In 1939, he predicted nuclear transitions that led to the discovery of the Moessbauer effect 22 years later

An Evil Hitherto Unchecked: Eugenics and the 1917 Ontario Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Mentally Defective and Feeble-Minded.

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Koester, C Elizabeth

2016-01-01

In 1917, the Ontario government appointed the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Mentally Defective and Feeble-Minded, headed by Justice Frank Hodgins. Its final report made wide-ranging recommendations regarding the segregation of feeble-minded individuals, restrictions on marriage, the improvement of psychiatric facilities, and the reform of the court system, all matters of great concern to the eugenics movement. At the same time, however, it refrained from using explicitly eugenic vocabulary and ignored the question of sterilization. This article explores the role the commission played in the trajectory of eugenics in Ontario (including the province's failure to pass sterilization legislation) and considers why its recommendations were disregarded.

[Eugen Helimski, Urlike Kahrs. Nordselkupisches Wörterbuch von F. G. Mal'cev (1903)] / Ago Künnap

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Künnap, Ago, 1941-

2003-01-01

Raamatust: Helimski, Eugen, Kahrs, Urlike. Nordselkupisches Wörterbuch von F. G. Mal'cev (1903). Hamburg, 2001. (Hamburger Sibirische und Finnisch-Ugrische Materialen / Habent Sua Fata Manuscripts; 1)

Screening for mental illness: the merger of eugenics and the drug industry.

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Sharav, Vera Hassner

2005-01-01

The implementation of a recommendation by the President's New Freedom Commission (NFC) to screen the entire United States population--children first--for presumed, undetected, mental illness is an ill-conceived policy destined for disastrous consequences. The "pseudoscientific" methods used to screen for mental and behavioral abnormalities are a legacy from the discredited ideology of eugenics. Both eugenics and psychiatry suffer from a common philosophical fallacy that undermines the validity of their theories and prescriptions. Both are wed to a faith-based ideological assumption that mental and behavioral manifestations are biologically determined, and are, therefore, ameliorated by biological interventions. NFC promoted the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) as a "model" medication treatment plan. The impact of TMAP is evident in the skyrocketing increase in psychotropic drug prescriptions for children and adults, and in the disproportionate expenditure for psychotropic drugs. The New Freedom Commission's screening for mental illness initiative is, therefore, but the first step toward prescribing drugs. The escalating expenditure for psychotropic drugs since TMAP leaves little doubt about who the beneficiaries of TMAP are. Screening for mental illness will increase their use.

The Killing Thought in the Eugenic Era and Today: A Commentary on Hollander's Essay.

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Wolfensberger, Wolf

1989-01-01

Two responses to Hollander (EC 220 057) and the author's counter-response note similarities between "mercy killing" of people with mental retardation and deliberate abortion of the unborn, misuse of the history of eugenics, and a defense of the author's historical scholarship. (DB)

Ectrodactyly and Germany's eugenics law of 14 July 1933

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Busch, Roland; Kjær, Klaus Wilbrandt

2002-01-01

for an adopted daughter, the propositus was childless. His two affected brothers each had an affected child, and the father- to son transmission confirmed the hypothesis of autosomal dominant inheritance. The issue of nonpenetrance versus germinal mosaicism in ectrodactyly was debated by Auerbach [1956:Ann Hum......The family reported herein serves as a genetically and historically important vignette on the issues of nonpenetrance (versus germinal mosaicism) in nonsyndromic autosomal dominant ectrodactyly and the Eugenics Law of Germany of 14 July 1933, which was used to coerce the sterilization...

Refrigerator Mothers and Sick Little Boys: Bruno Bettelheim, Eugenics and the De-Pathologization of Jewish Identity

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griffin jaye epstein

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Child psychologist and Nazi concentration camp survivor Bruno Bettelheim’s influential theories of autism reveal a startling connection between Jewish identity, the medicalization of disability, colonial eugenics and race-making practices over the 20th century in North America. Using Bettelheim’s life and work as a case-study, this paper explores Ashkenazi Jewish immigrant complicity in a whitened colonial landscape through the lens of Disability Studies. It asks the question: can we be more accountable to our disabled identities – and to those disabled people who have come before us – if we learn how our families, our identities, our very selves have been complicit in medicalization and violence?  Keywords: madness, race, whiteness, Jewish identity, eugenics, psychiatry

Beyond eugenics: the forgotten scandal of hybridizing humans and apes.

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Etkind, Alexander

2008-06-01

This paper examines the available evidence on one of the most radical ideas in the history of eugenics and utopianism. In the mid-1920s, the zoology professor Ilia Ivanov submitted to the Soviet government a project for hybridizing humans and apes by means of artificial insemination. He received substantial financing and organized expeditions to Africa to catch apes for his experiments. His project caused an international sensation. The American Association for the Advancement of Atheism announced its fund-raising campaign to support Ivanov's project but gave it a scandalously racist interpretation. Ivanov's own motivation remained unclear, as did the motivation of those in the Bolshevik government who supported Ivanov until his arrest in 1930. This paper discusses three hypothetical reasons for Ivanov's adventure: first, hybridization between humans and apes, should it be successful, would support the atheist propaganda of the Bolsheviks; second, regardless of the success of hybridization, Ivanov would catch and bring to Russia apes, which were necessary for the rejuvenation programs that were fashionable among the Bolshevik elite; and third, hybridization, should it be successful, would pave the way to the New Socialist Man whose 'construction by scientific means' was the official purpose of the Bolsheviks. Ivanov's ideas were arguably important for the American proponent of reform eugenics, Herman Muller, and for the Soviet anthropologist Boris Porshnev.

"One of the Most Uniform Races of the Entire World": Creole Eugenics and the Myth of Chilean Racial Homogeneity.

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Walsh, Sarah

2015-11-01

This article illuminates why Nicolás Palacios's 1904 monograph, Raza chilena: Libro escrito por un Chileno i para los Chilenos [Chilean Race: A Book Written by a Chilean for Chileans], is central to the creation of a myth of Chilean racial homogeneity at the turn of the twentieth century. Placing Palacios in the context of Latin American eugenic discourse, it demonstrates how he selected a specific racial origin story in order to accommodate his belief in racial hierarchy while also depicting race mixing in a positive light. Specifically, the article highlights how the myth of Chilean racial homogeneity elided the difference between the term "mestizo," which was applied to people of mixed racial heritage, and "white." I contend that Palacios sought to differentiate Chileans from other Latin Americans by emphasizing their racial distinctiveness. The article therefore highlights that Latin American eugenics was concerned with the creation of national narratives that historicized particular racial mixtures in order to reify and affirm national differences. As such, it connects to literature regarding the history of eugenics, race, nation, and the creation of whiteness.

Throwing the baby out with the bathwater: a critique of Sparrow's inclusive definition of the term 'in vitro eugenics'.

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Fujita, Misao; Yashiro, Yoshimi; Suzuki, Mika

2014-11-01

Sparrow highlights three potential applications of in vitro eugenics, that is, (a) research into the heredity of genetic disorders, (b) production of cell lines with specific genotypes, and (c) breeding better babies, and points to the need for researchers to discuss in advance the potential ethical problems that may emerge if the realization of this technology occurs in the near future. In this commentary, we pose a question for the sake of discussion. Is it, in fact, appropriate to label all three applications raised by Sparrow as eugenics? By doing so, an unnecessary level of concern might be borne among the public, and as a result, the sound development of this specialized technology would be affected. If the label of eugenics is to be applied to all three of these applications, then Sparrow must justify how he perceives (a) and (b) as not inherently different from (c). Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Education Policy and Biological Science: Genetics, Eugenics, and the College Textbook, c. 1908-1931.

Science.gov (United States)

Selden, Steven

1985-01-01

A revolution in genetics is occurring, but when looking ahead, we must not romanticize the past. The social history of genetics, and American education's association with eugenics, make it necessary that we understand that both education and science are informed by social attitudes. (MT)

The Hunt for Disability: The New Eugenics and the Normalization of School Children.

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Baker, Bernadette

2002-01-01

Examines issues of sameness, difference, equality, and democracy in present public school systems, focusing on the question of (dis)ability and implications of rethinking (dis)ability as an ontological issue before its inscription as an educational one concerning the politics of inclusion. The paper analyzes old and new discourses of eugenics as…

Luis Huerta: eugenesia, medicina y pedagogía en España Luis Huerta: Eugenics, Medicine and Pedagogy in Spain

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Luis Miguel LÁZARO LORENTE

2013-07-01

Full Text Available En contraste con lo observable en la historiografía de otros países europeos y anglosajones, el estudio de la introducción y difusión de los principios y prácticas de la Eugenesia, como tema de investigación, no ha contado en España con muchos cultivadores. Menos todavía han sido objeto de estudio las relaciones del pensamiento eugénico con el ámbito pedagógico para indagar la recepción que tiene entre el Magisterio, y conocer el conjunto de reacciones que provoca, así como la participación de los maestros en la potencial difusión de sus planteamientos. Se aborda aquí una aproximación a ese tema centrando el análisis en las relaciones que en la España del primer tercio del siglo XX se establecen entre Medicina, Pedagogía y Eugenesia. Para ello tomamos como referente e hilo conductor la figura y el pensamiento del maestro asturiano Luis Huerta Naves, decidido impulsor y propagandista incansable de la Eugenesia en nuestro país.By comparison with the historiography of other European and Anglo-Saxon countries, the study of the origins and spread of Eugenics in Spain has not received much attention. Even less research has been done on the degree of acceptance of eugenic thought in the pedagogical domain or on the role teachers may have in the diffusion of eugenics. This paper attempts to explore the subject while focusing the analysis on the relations that were established among Medicine, Pedagogy and Eugenics in Spain during the first third of the 20th century. We will take as a point of reference and guiding line of thought the figure of the Asturian teacher Luis Huerta Naves, who was the driving force and tireless advocate of the eugenics movement in our country.

Proceedings of the National Silviculture Workshop: Density of Stocking Control; Eugene, Oregon; October 13-15, 1976

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Jack H. Usher; Daniel B. Jones; A. R. Stage; Benjamin A. Roach; Gilbert B. Schubert; Darrell W. Crawford; Gilbert H. Schubert; Walter Fox; Edward A. Smith; Richard E. Lowrey Sofes; Richard F. Watt

1976-01-01

The 1976 National Silviculture Workshop was held in Eugene, Oregon, on October 13-15, 1976. The objectives were to discuss second growth management of individual stands, with particular emphasis on the control of stand density.

The Human Genome Project and Eugenics: Identifying the Impact on Individuals with Mental Retardation.

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Kuna, Jason

2001-01-01

This article explores the impact of the mapping work of the Human Genome Project on individuals with mental retardation and the negative effects of genetic testing. The potential to identify disabilities and the concept of eugenics are discussed, along with ethical issues surrounding potential genetic therapies. (Contains references.) (CR)

The Eugenics Movement and Its Impact on Art Education in the United States

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Hunter-Doniger, Tracey

2017-01-01

This article argues that the eugenics movement has had three major influences on education in the United States, and reveals how these influences have had an impact on visual arts education in particular. The first influence began with a debate between John Dewey and David Snedden that resulted in a two-tiered tracking system that separated…

A distinct species, Dodona formosana, detected in the Dodona eugenes species complex: clarification of the taxonomic status of the Punch butterfly in Taiwan

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Li-Wei; Lin, Wen-Jie; Hsu, Yu-Feng

2018-01-01

Abstract The Tailed Punch, Dodona eugenes, is widely distributed in East Asia with seven subspecies currently recognized. However, two of them, namely ssp. formosana and ssp. esakii found in Taiwan, are hard to distinguish from each other due to ambiguous diagnostic characters. In this study, their taxonomic status is clarified by comparing genitalia characters and phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial sequences, COI and COII (total 2211 bps). Our results show that there is no reliable feature to separate these two subspecies. Surprisingly we found that Dodona in Taiwan is more closely related to the Orange Punch, D. egeon, than to other subspecies of D. eugenes. Therefore, the following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Dodona eugenes formosana is revised to specific status as Dodona formosana Matsumura, 1919, stat. rev, and ssp. esakii is sunk to a junior synonym of Dodona formosana syn. n. PMID:29674868

A distinct species, Dodona formosana, detected in the Dodona eugenes species complex: clarification of the taxonomic status of the Punch butterfly in Taiwan

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Li-Wei Wu

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The Tailed Punch, Dodona eugenes, is widely distributed in East Asia with seven subspecies currently recognized. However, two of them, namely ssp. formosana and ssp. esakii found in Taiwan, are hard to distinguish from each other due to ambiguous diagnostic characters. In this study, their taxonomic status is clarified by comparing genitalia characters and phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial sequences, COI and COII (total 2211 bps. Our results show that there is no reliable feature to separate these two subspecies. Surprisingly we found that Dodona in Taiwan is more closely related to the Orange Punch, D. egeon, than to other subspecies of D. eugenes. Therefore, the following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Dodona eugenes formosana is revised to specific status as Dodona formosana Matsumura, 1919, stat. rev, and ssp. esakii is sunk to a junior synonym of Dodona formosana syn. n.

Empirical Asset Pricing: Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen, and Robert Shiller

OpenAIRE

Campbell, John Y.

2016-01-01

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for 2013 was awarded to Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen, and Robert Shiller for their contributions to the empirical study of asset pricing. Some observers have found it hard to understand the common elements of the laureates research, preferring to highlight areas of disagreement among them. This paper argues that empirical asset pricing is a coherent enterprise, which owes much to the laureates seminal contributions, and that important themes in ...

Colombia en el contexto eugenésico latinoamericano 1900-1950

OpenAIRE

Juan Vianey Tovar Mosquera

2016-01-01

Introducción. La Eugenesia es un acontecimiento histórico que logró mover, una vez más, los fundamentos éticos tradicionales de la humanidad, cuestionando nuestra concepción de lo humano, haciendo de la diferencia, la debilidad o la enfermad una amenaza tangible urgente de normalizar o exterminar. Objetivo. Estudiar la forma como se desarrolló el movimiento eugenésico en Latinoamérica, en países como Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba, Chile, México y Perú. Materiales y métodos. Artículo de re...

Mäletamine, aeglus ja kontrollimatu kapitalism / Eugen Ruge ; intervjueerinud Dieter Neidlinger ; saksa keelest eesti keelde vahendanud Aija Sakova

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Ruge, Eugen, 1954-

2016-01-01

Intervjuu kirjandusfestivalil "Prima vista" esineva saksa kirjaniku Eugen Rugega tema romaanides "Kahaneva valguse aegu" ("In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts") ja "Cabo de Gata" ning käsil olevast teosest

Eugene O'Neill "Pikk päevatee kaob öösse" / Ellu Eik ; interv. Ene Paaver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Eik, Ellu

2008-01-01

Seoses Eesti Draamateatri suvelavastusega "Pikk päevatee kaob öösse" (autor Eugene O'Neill ja lavastaja Merle Karusoo) räägib Lääne-Tallinna Keskhaigla Sõltuvusravikeskuse psühhiaater Ellu Eik sõltuvuse tagamaadest ja mõjudest

School hygiene and eugenics: the role of physical education in regenerating the “brazilian race”

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Karl M. Lorenz

2012-10-01

Full Text Available From 1870 to 1930, physicians, writers, anthropologists and educators discussed therelationship between education and the less-privileged segments of the Brazilianpopulation. Among ideas circulating in the late nineteenth century were precepts of SchoolHygiene, such as physical exercise could promote personal health and, in a broader sense,the total development of the child. In discussions of eugenic themes in the early decades ofthe twentieth century, Physical Education was further promoted as a corrective measure forthe negative effects of miscegenation; that is, the physical, intellectual and moral debilitiesof the poor and non-white segments of the Brazilian population. This paper examines thenature and effects of the school discipline Physical Education on the less-favored childrenof Brazil by first introducing its role in School Hygiene and then by focusing on itsextended role from the eugenic perspective. In this latter discussion, the racial ideas ofFernando de Azevedo regarding the regenerating effect of Physical Education on the“Brazilian Race” are explored.

Eugene Wigner and nuclear energy: a reminiscence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weinberg, A.M.

1987-01-01

Dr. Weinberg reviews Wigner's contributions in each of the fields to which he contributed: designs for fast breeders and thermal breeders and some of the earliest calculations on water moderated cooling systems; Clinton Laboratories, 1946-47, The Materials Testing Reactor (MTR); gas-cooled reactors; the Nautilus; Savannah River Reactors, Project Hope; a chemical plant that would reprocess spent fuel at an affordable cost in a full-fledged breeder; reactor physics and general engineering; microscopic reactor theory; spherical harmonics method; correction to the sphericized cell calculation, the fast effect; macroscopic reactor theory; two-group theory; perturbation theory; control rod theory (statics); kinetics; pile oscillator; shielding; fission products; temperature effects; The Wigner-Wilkins Distribution; solid state physics; the Wigner Disease; neutron diffraction; and general energy policy. Eugene Wigner was one of the early contributors to the debate on the role of nuclear power

A Paradigmatic Disagreement in "Dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy" by Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki

Science.gov (United States)

Marjanovic-Shane, Ana

2014-01-01

I read with a great pleasure the heated dialogue on Dialogic Pedagogy between Eugene Matusov and Kiyotaka Miyazaki. It provided me with one of those rare occasions where I could both witness, and also join, the workings of two minds as they struggled with and against each other to construct, de-construct, and reconstruct their visions of dialogic…

The reception of Eugen Bleuler in British psychiatry, 1892-1954.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Dalzell, Thomas

2012-02-01

This article draws on over 60 years of British medical journals and psychiatry textbooks to indicate the chronological stages of the reception of Eugen Bleuler in British psychiatry. Bleuler was already well known in Britain before his schizophrenia book appeared, with the journals containing numerous references, mainly positive, to his work. The psychiatry textbooks, however, were slower to integrate his contribution. This paper argues that this was not due to Bleuler\\'s placing Freud on a par with Kraepelin, but because of the early negative reaction to Kraepelin\\'s dementia praecox concept, despite Bleuler\\'s wider and less ominous conception of the illness.

[Beyond eugenics: posthumanism as Homo patiens denials].

Science.gov (United States)

Ballesteros Llompart, Jesús

2012-01-01

Throughout history there have been attempts to overcome human limitations by means of technique. The novelty of the 20th century has been to try to extirpate all the faults, the suffering, the disease, and even the death. This power has been attributed successively to machines (the futurism), to the genetic information (the eugenism) and to the electronic information (the posthumanism). In all cases, it's unknown the distinction between inevitable faults, ontological deficiencies, as the reality of death, and avoidable ones, sociological deficiencies, as the deaths due to circumstances as lack of drinkable water, of medicaments, wars or any other type of violence. The due way of confronting the human faults is to try to eradicate their avoidable causes and at the same time to understand the sense of those that cannot be avoided, as occasion of the self-overcoming and the opening to the Transcendence.

From eugenics to lysenkoism: the evolution of Stanisław Skowron.

Science.gov (United States)

Dejong-Lambert, William

2009-01-01

This article describes the relationship between Polish geneticist Stanisław Skowron's views on eugenics during the interwar period, his experiences in Nazi concentration camps during World War II, and his response to Trofim D. Lysenko's ban on genetic research in Soviet-allied states after 1948. Skowron was educated at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and received funding from the Rockefeller Foundation to study in the United States, Italy, Denmark, and Great Britain from 1924 to 1926. His exposure to research being conducted outside of Poland made him an important figure in Polish genetics. During this time Skowron also began to believe that an understanding of biological principles of heredity could play an important role in improving Polish society and became a supporter of eugenics. In 1939 he was arrested along with other faculty members at the Jagiellonian and sent to Sachsenhausen and Dachau. In 1947 he published the first book updating Polish biologists on recent developments in genetics; however, after learning of the outcome of the 1948 session of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Moscow, Skowron emerged as on of the most vocal advocates for Michurinism. I argue that Skowron's conversion to Lysenkoism was motivated by more than fear or opportunism, and is better understood as the product of his need to rationalize his own support for a theory he could not possibly have believed was correct.

Eugenics and Education: A Note on the Origins of the Intelligence Testing Movement in England.

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Lowe, Roy

1980-01-01

Examines influence of Francis Galton and the Eugenics Education Society in the intelligence testing movement in England (early 1900s). For eugenicists, the central issue confronting society was the problem of racial deterioration. They responded with modification of the Binet-Simon tests and developed tests to examine the whole ability range.…

A hidden history: A survey of the teaching of eugenics in health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses in Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Atherton, H L; Steels, S L

2016-12-01

Knowledge and understanding of how eugenics has historically affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities is vital if professionals are to mount an effective defence against its contemporary influences. An online survey of European providers of health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses was undertaken to find out how the history of eugenics is taught to those wishing to work in services for people with intellectual disabilities. Two hundred and six educational providers were contacted with a response rate of 35.9% (n = 74). Findings showed that the majority of educational providers recognize the importance of including the history of eugenics in their courses, although fewer feel confident that it is sufficiently well covered to prepare future professionals for their role as protector. Course content differs on both the emphasis given to the different components of this history, time dedicated to its delivery and the extent to which it is used to inform legal and ethical debate. Specific recommendations for developing the way in which this subject area is taught are outlined. © The Author(s) 2015.

Eugenics, sterilization, and historical memory in the United States

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Alexandra Minna Stern

Full Text Available Abstract From the 1920s to the 1950s, California sterilized approximately 20,000 people in state homes and hospitals based on a eugenic law that authorized medical superintendents to perform reproductive surgeries on patients deemed unfit and “suffering from a mental affliction likely to be inherited.” Working with a unique resource – a dataset created from 19,000 sterilization recommendations – my team and I have reconstructed patterns and experiences of institutionalization of sterilizations. This article presents several of our important initial findings related to ethnic and gender bias in sterilization policies, and reflects on the relevance of the history for contemporary issues in genomics and social justice.

[Eugenics and Discrimination in Colombia: the Role of Medicine and Psychiatry in Immigration Policy at the Beginning of the 20th Century].

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Moog, Jaime Carrizosa

2014-03-01

With the Theory of Evolution, eugenics had its beginnings during the last decades of the 19th century. Academics discussed the results obtained from their observations, and progressively had influence on the promulgation of laws and norms related to ethnic hygiene and improvement of race. Such principles were the fundamentals to order eugenic and discriminatory laws. Colombia was not outside that discussion and developed immigration laws congruent to that thinking during the first half of the 20th century. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Proceedings of the National Silviculture Workshop: Economics Of Silvicultural Investments; Eugene, OR; May 16-20, 1983

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Clark Row; Charles Palmer; Robert M. Randall; Tom Ortman; James P. Merzenich; Gary Manning; George Howe; Jim McDivitt; Chris Hansen; Willard R. Fey; Vernon L. Robinson; K. E. Sleavin; K. N. Johnson; Roger D. Fight; L. O. (Pete) Stanger; Lee Medema; Christopher D. Risbrudt; Richard W. Guldin; Richard Greenhalgh; Mike Skinner; John Fiske; Thomas J. Mills; John H. Beuter

1983-01-01

The 1983 Silviculture Workshop was held in Eugene, Oregon, and the Willamette National Forest. The purpose of the workshop was to review and discuss the requirements by laws, regulations, and Forest Service policy of the need for and uses of economic analyses in silvicultural program planning and development.

Racial Metabolism: Eugenic Studies in Jamaica and Yucatán, between 1920 and 1940

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Joel Vargas Domínguez

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: this paper shows the configuration of research conducted by the Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW, in Jamaica and Yucatan, about basal metabolism on the onset of the twen­tieth century. I argue that this physiological research, conducted outside the usual laboratory spaces, used and articulated eugenics and racialized notions about the bodies under examination.Content: from the standpoint of the history of science I have analyzed the publications, reports and correspondence of the members of the Carnegie Institution expeditions. Conclusions: I show that basal metabolism was a measure constructed and used in the first half of the twentieth cen­tury with a strong eugenic and racial bias. Francis G. Benedict, Charles B. Davenport and Morris Steggerda from the CIW conducted these expeditions not only from the medical but also from the anthropological standpoint, in order to answer the question whether there was a climatic or racial effect on the body of the subjects analyzed. The results of the research were incorporated to the formulas used to evaluate the nutritional status of populations, fact that might have con­sequences nowadays on the way we understand metabolic “normality”.

Reflections on Mental Retardation and Eugenics, Old and New: Mensa and the Human Genome Project.

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Smith, J. David

1994-01-01

This article addresses the moral and ethical issues of mental retardation and a continuing legacy of belief in eugenics. It discusses the involuntary sterilization of Carrie Buck in 1927, support for legalized killing of subnormal infants by 47% of respondents to a Mensa survey, and implications of the Human Genome Project for the field of mental…

The Liberal Eugenics: A Look from the Composition the Future of Human Nature by Jürgen Habermas

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Riva Sobrado De Freitas

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This article intends to analyze the liberal eugenics from the understanding of Jürgen Habermas in the composition The Future of Human Nature, mainly with respect to the possibilities that the subject exposed to genetic manipulation procedures may have hurt its right to self-understanding and, consequently, its personal dignity. The purpose consists in investigating the idea introduced by the author about the liberal eugenics and its possible consequences in relation to the rights of the subject exposed to that practice. Therefore, it was done an exploratory and explanatory bibliographical research, qualitative, using the hypothetical-deductive method. The results achieved with the research are related to the study of the theme through a philosophical perspective, also verifying, that, in the authors point of view, the deliberate use of genetic manipulation techniques is dangerous, by the possibility of hurting the subjects rights, who is the object of this manipulation. The conclusion is that, surely, despite the several contributions brought to the humanity by the genetic engineering, there are issues to be thought and, in the specific issue of the liberal eugenics, the subjects right of self-understanding could, somehow, have been broken in case of intervention in its genetic material, mainly in relation to the selection of the desired characteristics. The contribution achieved with this study is guided in clearing an important theme, and while so polemic, and precisely for this reason needs to be analyzed, by the philosophys point of view, mainly by Jürgen Habermas knowledge.

Odvrácená tvář otce egyptské archeologie William Matthew Flinders Petrie a eugenická věda // The Dark Side of the Father of Egyptian Archaeology William Matthew Flinders Petrie and Eugenic Science

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Kamila Tomášková

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The text aims to bring attention of the Czech readers to Petrie's contributions to the eugenics movement in Great Britain. It describes his close association with Francis Galton and his resulting pronounced views on eugenics and shows how Petrie's racist opinions and involvement in eugenics influenced hi s work as an archaeologist and historian. An attempt is made to understand Petrie's views in the context ofhis times instead of condemning him for hi s appalling conclusions motivated by his racism and eugenics beliefs. The text offers a perspective which enables the readers to consider Petrie's thoughts in relation to the eugenic movement which was not on ly favoured by many ofhis contemporaries, but also had many supporters Jong after Petrie's death. Any consideration of the influence of past ideologies and context on Petrie's thinking and research also brings forward an unanswerable question ofhow much each one of u s is influenced by the ideologies and the context(s prevalent in present times and culture.

Professionalization and the Null Curriculum: The Case of the Popular Eugenics Movement and American Educational Studies.

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Selden, Steven

1987-01-01

Presents an essay review of three recent books on eugenics, a once popular quasiscientific and politically conservative social movement devoted to the improvement of humankind through programs of selective breeding and marriage restriction. States that educators must study and come to grips with the meaning of this movement in order to appreciate…

75 FR 34049 - FM Table of Allotments (The Dalles, Tualatin, Eugene, Albany, Lebanon, Paisley, and Diamond Lake...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-16

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 73 [DA 10-786; MB Docket No. 05-10; RM-11279] FM Table of Allotments (The Dalles, Tualatin, Eugene, Albany, Lebanon, Paisley, and Diamond Lake, Oregon... 279C, Lebanon, Oregon, Bicoastal Media Licenses IV, LLC (``Bicoastal''), licensee of Station KACI-FM...

Hellenism, Hebraism, and the Eugenics of Culture in E.M. Forster's Howards End

OpenAIRE

Jacobowitz, Seth

2004-01-01

Seth Jacobowitz, in his paper "Hellenism, Hebraism, and the Eugenics of Culture in E.M. Forster's Howards End," explores how the culturalist principles of Hellenism and Hebraism theorized by Matthew Arnold as the basis of Englishness in Culture and Anarchy (1869) were incorporated into the text of E.M. Forster's Howards End (1910) to show the close institutional and conceptual linkages Forster shared with Arnold. Further, Jacobowitz seeks to bring Howards End into dialog with Forster's only m...

A gift of prophecy essays in celebration of the life of Robert Eugene Marshak

CERN Document Server

1994-01-01

Robert Eugene Marshak (1916-92) devoted much of his life to helping other people carry out scientific research and gather to discuss their work. In addition to his scientific statesmanship, he was an extraordinarily gifted research scientist, and many of his scientific contributions have been prophetic. This book pays homage to his creativity and continuing work, with contributions from many of the people whose lives have been influenced by him.

Quality babies. China's "eugenics" guidelines are as old as civilization.

Science.gov (United States)

1994-01-12

Inaccurate translations inadvertently misrepresent policy directives from China. Professional moralizers respond to the new laws with indignation. For example, an editorial in a US newspaper said that Americans objected to China's eugenic guidelines to prevent inferior quality infants. Yet, in the US and other developed countries, parents, and adult siblings do no allow their mentally retarded family members to procreate. Quiet abortions occur. In the US, deformed newborns are classified as stillborns. In the 1950s in the US, state governments allowed sterilization of handicapped people and even alcoholics. The moralizers expect China to accomplish in 10 years what developed countries did in 100 years. China has a one-child policy to which many so-called human rights advocates object. Yet, China cannot sustain a population of 2 billion with the living standards to which it aspires. Granted, however, that China does create its own image problems. It needs to invest more in public relations, maybe employ image-building professionals from the US and Europe to circumvent the unintentional use of emotionally charged, historically loaded, or inappropriate terms and, therefore, to prevent the international media from overreacting. Nevertheless, moral dilemmas do exist with eugenics policies. Genetic markers can detect chromosomal abnormalities leading to mental retardation as well as later-life abnormalities; e.g., colon cancer. Markers may perhaps someday detect a propensity to criminal behavior, homosexuality, or alcoholism. Governments could forbid all genetic testing, resulting in families accepting whatever nature sends, but with the advancement of science, this is unrealistic. If it is banned in one country, people will go to a country where it is available. Since parents in both the US and China want healthy, good-looking and intelligent children US editorialists should not moralize about China while US couples have access to the most up-to-date genetic technology.

Eugene P. Wigner's Visionary Contributions to Generations-I through IV Fission Reactors

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Carré, Frank

2014-09-01

Among Europe's greatest scientists who fled to Britain and America in the 1930s, Eugene P. Wigner made instrumental advances in reactor physics, reactor design and technology, and spent nuclear fuel processing for both purposes of developing atomic weapons during world-war II and nuclear power afterwards. Wigner who had training in chemical engineering and self-education in physics first gained recognition for his remarkable articles and books on applications of Group theory to Quantum mechanics, Solid state physics and other topics that opened new branches of Physics.

Preserving Precious Instruments in Mathematics History: The Educational Museum of Teachers College and David Eugene Smith's Collection

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Murray, Diane R.

2011-01-01

A history is given of the Educational Museum of Teachers College, which began in 1886, and David Eugene Smith's extensive collection of mathematical tools used in the Museum's exhibits is discussed. Historic mathematical instruments including, the astrolabe, abacus and counting rods, and the slide rule are examined. The author uses digitized…

Radical Enformel in the Oeuvre of Ivo Gattin and Eugen Feller

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Ješa Denegri

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The paper focuses on Ivo Gattin and Eugen Feller as prominent figures in the so-called “radical Enformel”, an artistic trend in Croatian painting during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Besides them, the representatives of radical Enformel include Vlado Kristl, Marijan Javšovar, and Đuro Seder, who likewise participated in the exhibition Informel 1956-1962 at Nova Gallery in 1977. The theoretical platform for this trend in painting was found in hypotheses presented in the influential text “Materia, tecnica e storia nell’informale” (1959 by the Italian artcritic Giulio Carlo Argan, which were adapted to the specific Croatian circumstances and examples.

On the concept of eugenics: preliminaries to a critical appraisal Sobre o conceito de eugenia: preliminares à uma avaliação crítica

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Demetrio Neri

1999-01-01

Full Text Available This paper's main issue is linked to what can be foreseen as the increasing capability of medical genetics to modify the genetic composition of the human species through direct interventions in the human genome for medical and non-medical purposes, i.e., the 'risk' of a resurgence of eugenics. In current discussions on the topic (briefly presented in the first section, the 'phantom of eugenics' is raised several times, but there is a great deal of confusion on what counts as eugenics, partly because of broad conceptual disagreement over the notion itself. Furthermore, according to some scholars there is no hope of overcoming this unsatisfactory conceptual uncertainty. Partly challenging this opinion, the second and third sections of this paper attempt to identify some basic features which could be seen as intrinsically linked to the notion of eugenics, with the aim of reducing the range of conceptual disagreement as a preliminary step in bringing into focus what exactly is wrong with practicing eugenics. The subsequent sections deal with the substantive issue of whether or not to practice eugenics from the point of view of the interest of future generations in the human species' genetic composition. The main moral arguments for and against eugenics are examined from the point of view of our obligations towards future generations, and the conclusion is in favor of a cautious 'open-door' position.O ponto principal desse artigo está vinculado ao que pode ser antevisto como a crescente capacidade da genética médica de modificar a espécie humana por meio de intervenções diretas no genoma humano com propósitos médicos e não médicos, isto é, o risco do ressurgimento da eugenia. Nas atuais discussões sobre o tópico, o fantasma da eugenia é levantado diversas vezes, mas há grande confusão no que se refere ao que é considerado como eugenia, particularmente em razão da ampla discordância sobre a noção em si. Procura-se identificar

Género, cuerpo, gimnasia y sexualidad en los manuales educacionales higienistas y eugenésicos en Chile, 1870-1938

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Manuel Durán Sandoval

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la conformación de un discurso eugenésico positivo heredero de las teorías higienistas ambientalistas y raciales de finales del siglo XIX. Esta tendencia se consolidó entre 1925 a 1938 con la conformación de una estructura institucional y programas de corte social con fuertes matices eugenésicos positivos, considerando el cuerpo y el “carácter” de la juventud como amalgama de la nación.En este contexto se desarrollaron desde fines del siglo XIX tentativas por constituir una medicina pública que propulsara un programa de educación y preservación de la juventud. Estas iniciativas de corte ambientalista pretendían potenciar las aptitudes física y morales de los jóvenes mediante planes de alimentación, higiene y gimnasia

Eugene P. Wigner’s Visionary Contributions to Generations-I through IV Fission Reactors

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Carré Frank

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Among Europe’s greatest scientists who fled to Britain and America in the 1930s, Eugene P. Wigner made instrumental advances in reactor physics, reactor design and technology, and spent nuclear fuel processing for both purposes of developing atomic weapons during world-war II and nuclear power afterwards. Wigner who had training in chemical engineering and self-education in physics first gained recognition for his remarkable articles and books on applications of Group theory to Quantum mechanics, Solid state physics and other topics that opened new branches of Physics.

[Baltic eugenics: Bio-politics, race and nation in interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918-1940] / Raiko Jäärats

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jäärats, Raiko, 1980-

2014-01-01

Arvustus: Baltic eugenics: Bio-politics, race and nation in interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918-1940 (On the boundary of two worlds. identity, fredom and moral imagination in the Baltics, 35). Hrsg. von Björn M. Felder und Paul J. Weindling. Rodopi, Amsterdam u.a. 2013

Eugenesia: Un análisis histórico y una posible propuesta Eugenia: Uma análise histórica e uma possível proposta Eugenics: A historical analysis and a possible proposal

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Fabiola Villela Cortés

2011-11-01

Full Text Available La eugenesia es un tema abordado, entre otros, por historiadores, filósofos, médicos, bioeticistas, por distintas razones. La idea de mejorar la raza humana siempre ha estado presente en la historia de la civilización, también han sido objeto de comentarios el intento de consolidarla como una ciencia, la presencia de movimientos eugenésicos en varios países del mundo, el holocausto nazi y, finalmente, el resurgimiento de la eugenesia a raíz de la decodificación del genoma humano. Nuestro objetivo es dar un repaso por los movimientos eugenésicos que tuvieron lugar a mediados del siglo XX, el resurgimiento de la eugenesia y los adelantos con los que contamos actualmente.A eugenia é um tema abordado, entre outros, por historiadores, filósofos, médicos, bioeticistas, e por diferentes razões. A ideia de melhorar a raça humana sempre tem estado presente na história da civilização. Também tem sido objeto de comentários a intenção de consolidá-la como uma ciência a presença de movimentos eugênicos em vários países do mundo, o holocausto nazista e, finalmente, o ressurgimento da eugenia na raíz da decodificação do genoma humano. Nosso objetivo é dar um repasso pelos movimentos eugênicos que tiveram lugar em meados do século XX, o ressurgimento da eugenia e os avanços com os quais contamos atualmente.Eugenics is a topic treated for several reasons by, among others, historians, philosophers, physicians, bioethicists. The idea to improve human race always has been present in the history of civilization, to try to consolidate it as a science also has been the object of commentaries, the presence of eugenic organizations in several countries, the nazi holocaust and finally, the eugenic resurgence since the human genome sequencing. Our objective is to review eugenic movements in the mid twentieth century, eugenic resurgence and current advancements.

76 FR 33341 - Notice of Intent to prepare a Resource Management Plan for the West Eugene Wetlands Planning Area...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-08

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Land Management [LLORE00000 L63500000.DO0000.LXSS021H0000.HAG11-0203] Notice of Intent to prepare a Resource Management Plan for the West Eugene Wetlands Planning... Management, Interior. ACTION: Notice of Intent. SUMMARY: In compliance with the National Environmental Policy...

Scientific heritage of Eugene Nikolaevich Savin (07.11.1921–12.02.2017

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A. I. Lobanov

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The analysis of the achievements and scientific heritage of a prominent scientist in the field of forest science, forestry, agroforest amelioration, and protective afforestation, the veteran of the Great Patriotic War, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, the honored worker of forestry and hunting of Mongolia – Eugene Nikolaevich Savin is given. He made a significant contribution to the development of the scientific basis for agroforestry and protective afforestation, to substantiate the main directions of forest management in different zones and groups of forest types in the Russian Federation and in Mongolia, to develop a master plan for the integrated use of forest resources in Mongolia, to determine the nature of cuttings and the age of final felling for the main forest-forming species, the development of methods of cultivation and the creation of the first industrial forest crops of the Siberian larch and Scotch pine, the creation of a handbook for the inventory of Mongolia forests (2012. In doing so, he revealed the main aspects of the nature of the forest, its functioning, provided information on the composition of tree species, types of stands, methods of restoration and care. Due attention is paid to the water protection and soil protection role of forests. The results of Eugene Nikolaevich Savin research are of current importance for silvicultural, forest crop and agroforest amelioration works. They are included in the normative documents approved at the federal level. The list of his main scientific publications is presented, which just gives an idea of the subject of research, their geography and significance.

[Eugenic abortion could explain the lower infant mortality in Cuba compared to that in Chile].

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Donoso S, Enrique; Carvajal C, Jorge A

2012-08-01

Cuba and Chile have the lower infant mortality rates of Latin America. Infant mortality rate in Cuba is similar to that of developed countries. Chilean infant mortality rate is slightly higher than that of Cuba. To investigate if the lower infant mortality rate in Cuba, compared to Chile, could be explained by eugenic abortion, considering that abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile. We compared total and congenital abnormalities related infant mortality in Cuba and Chile during 2008, based on vital statistics of both countries. In 2008, infant mortality rates in Chile were significantly higher than those of Cuba (7.8 vs. 4.7 per 1,000 live born respectively, odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95% confidence intervals (Cl) 1.52-1.83). Congenital abnormalities accounted for 33.8 and 19.2% of infant deaths in Chile and Cuba, respectively. Discarding infant deaths related to congenital abnormalities, infant mortality rate continued to be higher in Chile than in Cuba (5.19 vs. 3.82 per 1000 live born respectively, OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.221.52). Considering that antenatal diagnosis is widely available in both countries, but abortion is legal in Cuba but not in Chile, we conclude that eugenic abortion may partially explain the lower infant mortality rate observed in Cuba compared to that observed in Chile.

"Democracy was never intended for degenerates": Alberta's flirtation with eugenics comes back to haunt it.

OpenAIRE

Cairney, R

1996-01-01

An Alberta woman recently won a lawsuit against the government of Alberta for wrongful sterilization that took place when she was a 14-year-old ward at the Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives. It was the first time the province has been held accountable for actions taken under the Sexual Sterilization Act, a 1927 law that promoted the theory of eugenics and led to the sterilization of more than 2800 people. It has since been repealed. A physician who served on the province's Euge...

Eugene Onegin the Cold War Monument: How Edmund Wilson Quarreled with Vladimir Nabokov

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Tim Conley

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The tale of how Edmund Wilson quarreled with Vladimir Nabokov over the latter’s 1964 translation of Eugene Onegin can be instructively read as a politically charged event, specifically a “high culture” allegory of the Cold War. Dissemination of anti-Communist ideals (often in liberal and literary guises was the mandate of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, whose funding and editorial initiatives included the publication of both pre-Revolution Russian literature and, more notoriously, the journal Encounter (1953-1990, where Nabokov’s fiery “Reply” to Wilson appeared. This essay outlines the propaganda value of the Onegin debate within and to Cold War mythology.

Prince Eugene and Maria Theresa: Gender, History, and Memory in Hofmannsthal in the First World War

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Wolfgang Nehring

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Hugo von Hofmannsthal was one of the Austrian poets and intellectuals who took an active part in the historical-political events of 1914. He expected from the war a new vitality of public life and an end of the cultural crisis. In his early years he had advocated closer bonds between poesy and life. Now he encountered a situation that gave him the chance to strengthen his ties with reality. He worried about the existence of Austria, in which he was rooted, and tried to conjure up the Hapsburg spirit of the past for his contemporaries and to explain Austria's national history and right to exist to a large public. My study discusses his essay on Prince Eugene and Maria Theresa in the context of collective memory (or cultural memory and propaganda. Is there really a collective memory? Was there a collective memory, in which the great commander and the empress lived on, or did the author wish to create this memory from history? Should his essays be considered war propaganda? Self-assertion of Austria opposite the German ally appeared almost equally important. The change in emphasis from Prince Eugene as the greatest Austrian to the peace-loving empress mirrors the events of the war. Both contribute to an Austrian anthropology, which for the author lived on beyond the end of the Empire.

Eugenia negativa e positiva: significados e contradições Eugenesia negativa y positiva: significados y contradicciones Negative and positive eugenics: meanings and contradictions

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Lilian Denise Mai

2006-04-01

Full Text Available A prática da eugenia constitui importante tema de debate associado aos atuais avanços biogenéticos. Considerando que a centralidade da eugenia é a preocupação com a saúde e constituição das futuras gerações, e que a utilização de meios e conhecimentos científicos em prol do nascimento de uma criança física e mentalmente saudável pode ser considerada uma ação eugênica, pretende-se, nesse texto, analisar significados e contradições das ações eugenistas negativas e positivas, construídos concomitantes aos avanços técnico-científicos do século XX. Conclui-se que os significados transitam, respectivamente, em torno de limitar ou estimular a reprodução humana, no início do século, até prevenir doenças ou melhorar características físicas e mentais, na atualidade. Implementando ações, produziram-se contradições, como a discriminação e eliminação de muitas pessoas frente a um ideal de homem, à biologização de fatores eminentemente sociais, à defesa da pretensa neutralidade científica e ao uso indiscriminado do direito de escolha reprodutiva.La práctica de la eugenesia es un importante tema de debate, ligado a los avances biogenéticos actuales. Considerando que la cuestión central de la eugenesia es la preocupación con la salud y la constitución de las futuras generaciones y que la utilización de medios y conocimientos científicos en función del nacimiento de un niño física y mentalmente saludable puede ser considerada una acción eugenésica, en este texto se pretende analizar los significados y contradicciones de las acciones eugenésicas negativas y positivas, construidos concomitantes a los avances técnico-científicos del siglo XX. Se concluye que los significados giran, respectivamente, en torno de limitar o estimular la reproducción humana, al comienzo del siglo, hasta prevenir enfermedades o mejorar características físicas y mentales, en la actualidad. Implementando acciones, se

Karl Pearson and eugenics: personal opinions and scientific rigor.

Science.gov (United States)

Delzell, Darcie A P; Poliak, Cathy D

2013-09-01

The influence of personal opinions and biases on scientific conclusions is a threat to the advancement of knowledge. Expertise and experience does not render one immune to this temptation. In this work, one of the founding fathers of statistics, Karl Pearson, is used as an illustration of how even the most talented among us can produce misleading results when inferences are made without caution or reference to potential bias and other analysis limitations. A study performed by Pearson on British Jewish schoolchildren is examined in light of ethical and professional statistical practice. The methodology used and inferences made by Pearson and his coauthor are sometimes questionable and offer insight into how Pearson's support of eugenics and his own British nationalism could have potentially influenced his often careless and far-fetched inferences. A short background into Pearson's work and beliefs is provided, along with an in-depth examination of the authors' overall experimental design and statistical practices. In addition, portions of the study regarding intelligence and tuberculosis are discussed in more detail, along with historical reactions to their work.

Variance of the SGK1 gene is associated with insulin secretion in different European populations: results from the TUEF, EUGENE2, and METSIM studies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Friedrich, Björn; Weyrich, Peter; Stancáková, Alena

2008-01-01

gene (SGK) variations and insulin secretion traits. The German TUEF project provided the screening population (N = 725), and four tagging SNPs (rs1763527, rs1743966, rs1057293, rs9402571) were investigated. EUGENE2 (N = 827) served as a replication cohort for the detected associations. Finally...... secretion only remained significant in lean TUEF participants (BMIEUGENE2 rs9402571 minor allele carriers, who had a significantly higher AUC(Ins)/AUC(Glc) (TT: 226+/-7, XG: 246+/-9; p = 0.019). Accordingly, the METSIM trial revealed a lower prevalence of type...... 2 diabetes (OR: 0.85; 95%CI: 0.71-1.01; p = 0.065, dominant model) in rs9402571 minor allele carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The rs9402571 SGK genotype associates with increased insulin secretion in lean non-diabetic TUEF/EUGENE2 participants and with lower diabetes prevalence in METSIM. Our study in three...

Avoiding genetic genocide: understanding good intentions and eugenics in the complex dialogue between the medical and disability communities.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Paul Steven; Levine, Rebecca Leah

2013-02-01

The relationship between the medical and disability communities is complex and is influenced by historical, social, and cultural factors. Although clinicians, health-care researchers, and people with disabilities all work from the standpoint of the best interest of disabled individuals, the notion of what actually is "best" is often understood quite differently among these constituencies. Eugenics campaigns, legal restrictions on reproductive and other freedoms, and prenatal testing recommendations predicated on the lesser worth of persons with disabilities have all contributed toward the historic trauma experienced by the disability community, particularly with respect to medical genetics. One premise of personalized medicine is that different individuals require different solutions. Disabled persons' experiences are a reminder that these solutions can be best realized by maintaining awareness and sensitivity in a complex ethical and moral terrain. Geneticists should recognize that their research may have implications for those with disabilities; they should recognize the impact of the historical trauma of the eugenics movement, and seek to involve people with disabilities in discussions about policies that affect them. Dialogue can be messy and uncomfortable, but it is the only way to avoid the mistakes of the past and to ensure a more equitable, and healthful, future.

Flinders Petrie and Eugenics at UCL

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Kathleen L. Sheppard

2010-05-01

Full Text Available William Matthew Flinders Petrie is considered the father of scientific archaeology and is credited with developing a chronology of Ancient Egypt using the nondescript artefacts that other archaeologists had ignored. He occupied the first chair of Egyptology in England, and was also well-known for the museum built around his personal collection of Egyptian artifacts at University College London. Petrie's archaeological work has been studied by scholars, from various disciplines, for its scholarly, cultural, and historical value, while Petrie's life and career outside of archaeology have been the subject of relatively little study. Petrie himself wrote two life stories: the first, 'Ten Years Digging in Egypt, 1881–1891' (1892, detailed the years before his professorship at UCL; in 1932 he published his second, more complete autobiography, 'Seventy Years in Archaeology'. After he died in 1942 there were various obituaries and memorials that outlined his life and major achievements in archaeology. There was very little written about Petrie the man until 1985, when Margaret Drower's 'Flinders Petrie: A Life in Archaeology' was published; it remains the most comprehensive work on Petrie's life. A thin volume of the correspondence of Hilda and Flinders Petrie also allows a glimpse into life on excavation. In short, much of what is known about Petrie focuses on his excavations in Egypt, his time as Professor of Egyptology at University College London, or the museum that bears his name. Subsequently, as a historical matter, Petrie's work in the discipline of eugenics has rarely been discussed as part of his career.

The role of the physician: Eugene Sanger and a standard of care at the Elmira prison camp.

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Waggoner, Jesse

2008-01-01

The conduct of American military physicians in prisoner of war (POW) camps has been called into question by the abuse scandals at Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo Bay. This essay explores the experiences of the first U.S. military physicians to confront POW patients in large numbers-events that occurred during the American Civil War. While POWs received sub-standard care in camps north and south, the war also saw the issuance of the first document to outline the rights of POWs. This ambivalence toward the proper care and treatment of the POW is evident in the career of Dr. Eugene Sanger, the first Union surgeon at the prison camp in Elmira, New York. Sanger demonstrated both concern about the sanitary condition of the camp and pride in the deaths of POWs as furthering the overall war aims. His cruelty attracted some censure, but Sanger never faced disciplinary action. He was honorably discharged and went on to become the Surgeon General of his home state. This article places his actions at Elmira in the context of medical ethics, Army orders, and Northern opinion in 1864, and it will argue that the lack of Federal response to Eugene Sanger's poor record while serving at the prison set a precedent for inferior medical care of POWs by American military physicians.

Contraception or eugenics? Sterilization and "mental retardation" in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Ladd-Taylor, Molly

2014-01-01

Nonconsensual sterilization is usually seen as the by-product of a classist and racist society; disability is ignored. This article examines the 1973 sterilization of two young black girls from Alabama and other precedent-setting court cases involving the sterilization of "mentally retarded" white women to make disability more central to the historical analysis of sterilization. It analyzes the concept of mental retardation and the appeal of a surgical solution to birth control, assesses judicial deliberations over the "right to choose" contraceptive sterilization when the capacity to consent is in doubt, and reflects on the shadow of eugenics that hung over the sterilization debate in the 1970s and 1980s.

A Hidden History: A Survey of the Teaching of Eugenics in Health, Social Care and Pedagogical Education and Training Courses in Europe

Science.gov (United States)

Atherton, H. L.; Steels, S. L.

2016-01-01

Knowledge and understanding of how eugenics has historically affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities is vital if professionals are to mount an effective defence against its contemporary influences. An online survey of European providers of health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses was undertaken to find…

Siberis ellujäämisest saab ETV ekraanil dramaatiline telesari / Kärt Anvelt ; kommenteerinud Eugen Tamberg ja Urmas Voolpriit

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Anvelt, Kärt, 1973-

2010-01-01

2012. aastal jõuab ekraanile 12-osaline ajalooline telesari tööpealkirjaga "Siber", mis tähistab 70 aasta möödumist eestlaste esimesest küüditamisest 14. juunil 1941. Sarja lavastaja Merle Karusoo, stsenaristid Merle Karusoo ja Katrin Saukas. Võtterühma peagi algavast sõidust Siberisse Tomski oblastisse, reisist valmib dokumentaalfilm. Kommenteerivad kunstnik Eugen Tamberg ja helirežissöör Urmas Voolpriit

Ernst Rüdin's Unpublished 1922-1925 Study "Inheritance of Manic-Depressive Insanity": Genetic Research Findings Subordinated to Eugenic Ideology.

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Kösters, Gundula; Steinberg, Holger; Kirkby, Kenneth Clifford; Himmerich, Hubertus

2015-11-01

In the early 20th century, there were few therapeutic options for mental illness and asylum numbers were rising. This pessimistic outlook favoured the rise of the eugenics movement. Heredity was assumed to be the principal cause of mental illness. Politicians, scientists and clinicians in North America and Europe called for compulsory sterilisation of the mentally ill. Psychiatric genetic research aimed to prove a Mendelian mode of inheritance as a scientific justification for these measures. Ernst Rüdin's seminal 1916 epidemiological study on inheritance of dementia praecox featured large, systematically ascertained samples and statistical analyses. Rüdin's 1922-1925 study on the inheritance of "manic-depressive insanity" was completed in manuscript form, but never published. It failed to prove a pattern of Mendelian inheritance, counter to the tenets of eugenics of which Rüdin was a prominent proponent. It appears he withheld the study from publication, unable to reconcile this contradiction, thus subordinating his carefully derived scientific findings to his ideological preoccupations. Instead, Rüdin continued to promote prevention of assumed hereditary mental illnesses by prohibition of marriage or sterilisation and was influential in the introduction by the National Socialist regime of the 1933 "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring" (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses).

Eugenia e Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil: a saúde como proposta de regeneração nacional Eugenics and the Rockefeller Foundation in Brazil: health as an instrument of national regeneration

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Elisabete Kobayashi

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, a Fundação Rockefeller atuou de modo decisivo na implementação de ações voltadas para a saúde pública no Brasil, especialmente naquilo denominado de movimento sanitarista. Nesse mesmo período, a eugenia brasileira era equivalente ao sanitarismo, onde defendia-se a máxima de que "sanear era eugenizar". Vários trabalhos discutem o movimento sanitário, a questão da saúde pública no Brasil, a Fundação Rockefeller, a eugenia e seus ativistas. Entretanto, é escassa a discussão a respeito da Rockefeller e o movimento eugenista brasileiro. É necessário alertar que embora nos deparemos com questões ligadas à raça, teorias sobre genética ou evolução, este trabalho não tem como objetivo analisar tais assuntos com profundidade. O que buscamos construir foi o cenário no qual a eugenia de maneira geral, e a brasileira, especificamente, se desenrolou trazendo à tona as posturas de alguns eugenistas brasileiros.In the first decades of the twentieth century, the work of the Rockefeller Foundation was decisive for the implementation of public health initiatives in Brazil, especially in the so-called public health movement. At that time, Brazilian eugenics was the same as public health, as expressed in the maxim "to sanitize is to eugenize". There are several studies discussing the public health movement, the issue of public health in Brazil, the Rockefeller Foundation, eugenics and its supporters. However, there is little discussion on the relationship between the Rockefeller Foundation and the Brazilian eugenics movement. It is worth to mention that although there are issues related to race, and theories on genetics and evolution, this work does not intend to examine these issues in depth. The aim was to recreate the scenario in which eugenics in general, and particularly in the Brazilian case, was developed, exposing the positions of some of the Brazilian eugenicists.

"Our power to remodel civilization": the development of eugenic feminism in Alberta, 1909-1921.

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Gibbons, Sheila

2014-01-01

In addition to being a prominent political figure in equal rights legislation, Emily Murphy was a vital contributor to programs which sought to improve the human race through forced sterilization. These negative aspects of this period in feminist history tend to be described as outside of the women's sphere, representing instead the patriarchal realm of men. However, both eugenics and the first-wave feminist ambitions for equal political rights were connected through an agrarian construction of "mothers of the race." As "mothers of the race," women in Alberta were responsible for the physical and moral betterment of the nation, and were directly engaged in concepts of intelligent motherhood, healthy childhood, and an overarching moral philosophy that was politically driven.

Border Gothic - history, violence and the border in the writings of Eugene McCabe

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Éamonn Ó Ciardha

2016-12-01

Full Text Available As well as producing a rich body of novels, novellas, short-stories and plays spanning throughout seventy years of the century of partition, Eugene McCabe charts the broad trajectory of Irish history and politics from the Elizabethan Conquest and Ulster Plantation of the 16th and 17th centuries to the recent 'Troubles' which spanned the thirty years between the beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement (1968 and the signing of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement (1998. They positively seethe with gruesome assassinations, indiscriminate bombings and deliberate shootings, while resonating with a veritable cacophony of deep-seeded ethnic rivalries and genocidal, religious hatreds, which are interlaced with poverty, social deprivation and dis-function, migration and emigration.

Eugene O’Neill and the Celebration of The Other

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Sayyed Rahim Moosavinia

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The present paper examines Eugene O’Neill’s three selected plays, Anna Christie, The Iceman Cometh and The Hairy Ape, in the light of cultural studies by focusing on finding the notion of the "other", here women, blacks and the working class. The chosen groups here are among the ones that have been "otherized" by the white, male, bourgeois society. In this study, through the elements of cultural studies, it is shown that the mentioned groups are treated as Others because of their gender, class or race which are considered as inferior ones by the Power. We are going to find out that thinking in terms of binary oppositions is not an acceptable point of view in cultural studies. Therefore, the boundary between the superiority of the Power and inferiority of the Other is broken in this approach. O’Neill’s view point in the selected plays is in line with the core ideas in cultural studies. His wide point of view toward the events of his country and his pluralistic and skeptical outlook does not let any simple categorization or generalization takes place in his works. He criticizes the dominant discourses of the society and makes room for other voices to be heard.

A Digital Humanities Approach to the History of Science Eugenics Revisited in Hidden Debates by Means of Semantic Text Mining

OpenAIRE

Huijnen, Pim; Laan, Fons; de Rijke, Maarten; Pieters, Toine

2014-01-01

Comparative historical research on the the intensity, diversity and fluidity of public discourses has been severely hampered by the extraordinary task of manually gathering and processing large sets of opinionated data in news media in different countries. At most 50,000 documents have been systematically studied in a single comparative historical project in the subject area of heredity and eugenics. Digital techniques, like the text mining tools WAHSP and BILAND we have developed in two succ...

[Neurocosmetics, transhumanism and eliminative materialism: toward new ways of eugenics].

Science.gov (United States)

Echarte Alonso, Luis E

2012-01-01

In this paper I present similarities and connections between Transhumanism and Eliminative Materialism. Concretely, I study the arguments with which in both positions it is defended a merely instrumental idea of human body and, because of that, one infinitely mouldable. First, I show the social relevance of this idea and its projections in phenomena as medicalization of human condition and, especially, cosmetic psychopharmacology. Besides, I denounce that such influences are caused by illegitimate transference of authority between philosophical and scientific forums. Second, according to my analysis, these new postmodern fashions of chemical sentimentalism (related with radical changes on personal identity and human nature) drive to new eugenic forms what I name autoeugenics. Finally, I call attention to the important role of utopian speeches about the science of tomorrow and super-human civilization in a Carpe Diem society. In my conclusions, I claim that historical reasoning or warnings about what is coming are not efficient strategies to control neither new psychopharmacological habits nor passivity generated by them. Returning social confidence in the power of reason to achieve reality (and other human beings) is, in my opinion, the best way to rehabilitate a more and more devalued human action.

Eugene F. Fama: Nobel prize for 2013: Capital market efficiency

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Pantelić Svetlana

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In 2013 the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to the American economists, Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller. The monetarists, Fama and Hansen, from the University of Chicago, and the Neo- Keynesian, Shiller, from the Yale University, according to the Swedish Royal Academy, won this prestigious prize for their research providing mathematical and economic models to determine (irregularities in the stock value trends at the stock exchanges. With his colleagues, in the 1960s Fama established that, in the short term, it is extremely difficult to forecast stock prices, given that new information gets embedded in the prices rather quickly. Shiller, however, determined that, although it is almost impossible to predict the stock prices for a period of few days, this is not true for a period of several years. He discovered that the stock prices fluctuate much more substantially than corporation dividents, and that the relationship between prices and dividends tends to decline when high, and to grow when low. This pattern does not apply only to stocks, but also to bonds and other forms of capital.

Neuroscience in Nazi Europe part I: eugenics, human experimentation, and mass murder.

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Zeidman, Lawrence A

2011-09-01

The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945 waged a veritable war throughout Europe to eliminate neurologic disease from the gene pool. Fueled by eugenic policies on racial hygiene, the Nazis first undertook a sterilization campaign against "mental defectives," which included neurologic patients with epilepsy and other disorders, as well as psychiatric patients. From 1939-41 the Nazis instead resorted to "euthanasia" of many of the same patients. Some neuroscientists were collaborators in this program, using patients for research, or using extracted brains following their murder. Other reviews have focused on Hallervorden, Spatz, Schaltenbrand, Scherer, and Gross, but in this review the focus is on neuroscientists not well described in the neurology literature, including Scholz, Ostertag, Schneider, Nachtsheim, and von Weizsäcker. Only by understanding the actions of neuroscientists during this dark period can we learn from the slippery slope down which they traveled, and prevent history from repeating itself.

Ernst Rüdin’s Unpublished 1922-1925 Study “Inheritance of Manic-Depressive Insanity”: Genetic Research Findings Subordinated to Eugenic Ideology

Science.gov (United States)

Kösters, Gundula; Steinberg, Holger; Kirkby, Kenneth Clifford; Himmerich, Hubertus

2015-01-01

In the early 20th century, there were few therapeutic options for mental illness and asylum numbers were rising. This pessimistic outlook favoured the rise of the eugenics movement. Heredity was assumed to be the principal cause of mental illness. Politicians, scientists and clinicians in North America and Europe called for compulsory sterilisation of the mentally ill. Psychiatric genetic research aimed to prove a Mendelian mode of inheritance as a scientific justification for these measures. Ernst Rüdin’s seminal 1916 epidemiological study on inheritance of dementia praecox featured large, systematically ascertained samples and statistical analyses. Rüdin’s 1922–1925 study on the inheritance of “manic-depressive insanity” was completed in manuscript form, but never published. It failed to prove a pattern of Mendelian inheritance, counter to the tenets of eugenics of which Rüdin was a prominent proponent. It appears he withheld the study from publication, unable to reconcile this contradiction, thus subordinating his carefully derived scientific findings to his ideological preoccupations. Instead, Rüdin continued to promote prevention of assumed hereditary mental illnesses by prohibition of marriage or sterilisation and was influential in the introduction by the National Socialist regime of the 1933 “Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring” (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses). PMID:26544949

Educar para regenerar e selecionar. Convergências entre os ideários eugênico e educacional no Brasil Educating to regenerate and select. Convergences between the eugenic and educational principles in Brazil

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Regina Cândida Ellero Gualtieri

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo discute algumas convergências entre o pensamento eugenista e o pensamento pedagógico brasileiro do início do século 20. O ideário eugênico incluía a convicção de que diferenças individuais eram biologicamente determinadas e isso foi considerado um avanço por educadores como Fernando de Azevedo (1894-1974, membro da Sociedade Eugênica de São Paulo (1918-1919, pois, nessa perspectiva, todo indivíduo teria o direito a ser educado e regenerado até onde suas “aptidões permitissem”. A educação deixaria de ser privilégio de condição social para constituir “direito biológico”, propiciando a seleção “dos mais bem-sucedidos” e a construção da “hierarquia das capacidades”. Esse entendimento evoca o que Michel Foucault denominou “biopoder” – um modo de tratar os fenômenos coletivos como problema biológico e político – para cuidar do “homem-espécie” e não apenas do indivíduo, garantindo normas capazes de distribuir os indivíduos em um “domínio de valor e utilidade” e instalando mecanismos para qualificar e hierarquizar populações. Muitas dessas questões permanecem no debate educacional contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: Eugenia. Biopoder. Seleção. Regeneração. Educação eugênica. This article discusses convergences between eugenics and the Brazilian pedagogic educational principles in the beginning of the 20th century. The eugenical ideal stated that individual differences were biologically determined and this conception was considered a progressive idea by educators like Fernando de Azevedo (1894-1974 who belonged to the Eugenics Society of Sao Paulo (1918-1919. In this perspective, every individual was entitled to being educated as well as regenerated according to his abilities and this meant that education wouldn’t be treated as a privilege of the social high classes anymore. Such understanding evokes what Michel Foucault named “biopower” – a way to control an

Eugenics and racial biology in Sweden and the USSR: contacts across the Baltic Sea.

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Rudling, Per Anders

2014-01-01

The 1920s saw a significant exchange between eugenicists in Sweden and the young Soviet state. Sweden did not take part in World War I, and during the years following immediately upon the Versailles peace treaty, Swedish scholars came to serve as an intermediary link between, on the one hand, Soviet Russia and Weimar Germany, and, on the other hand, Western powers. Swedish eugenicists organized conferences, lecture tours, visits, scholarly exchanges, and transfers and translation of eugenic research. Herman Lundborg, the director of the world's first State Institute of Racial Biology, was an old-fashioned, deeply conservative, and anti-communist "scientific" racist, who somewhat paradoxically came to serve as something of a Western liaison for Soviet eugenicists. Whereas the contacts were disrupted in 1930, Swedish eugenicists had a lasting impact on Soviet physical anthropologists, who cited their works well into the 1970s, long after they had been discredited in Sweden.

Eugenics, environment, and acclimatizing to Manchukuo: psychiatric studies of Japanese colonists.

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Matsumura, Janice

2010-09-01

Both the advocates and critics of what has been called "the new imperial history," which may be characterized by its focus on how colonies were not simply influenced by but also exercised an influence on a dominating foreign state, have inspired this article. The article addresses the production and dissemination of medical knowledge in its examination of psychiatric research conducted in the 1930s in Japan's unofficial colony of Manchukuo. It highlights the political dimension of studies of psychosomatic disorders, syphilis, and alcoholism among colonists by placing it in the context of contending theories of racial improvement and growing official support for mass migration, especially to northeast China. Moreover, it inquires into restrictions on the flow of ideas from the colonies by examining how these studies were received in Japan. While interest in the colonies ensured that psychiatrists in Manchukuo were able to publish their research in leading Japanese medical journals, their findings jeopardized too many political and professional interests to become more public. In much-publicized debates stimulated by the impeding establishment of eugenic sterilization legislation, their colleagues in Japan in the late 1930s who championed the argument of environment over heredity were conspicuously silent about conditions among Japanese colonists, using instead examples of European and North American colonists to make their case.

Eugenics and Mandatory Informed Prenatal Genetic Testing: A Unique Perspective from China.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Di; Ng, Vincent H; Wang, Zhaochen; Zhai, Xiaomei; Lie, Reidar K

2016-08-01

The application of genetic technologies in China, especially in the area of prenatal genetic testing, is rapidly increasing in China. In the wealthy regions of China, prenatal genetic testing is already very widely adopted. We argue that the government should actively promote prenatal genetic testing to the poor areas of the country. In fact, the government should prioritize resources first to make prenatal genetic testing a standard routine care with an opt-out model in these area. Healthcare professions would be required to inform pregnant women about the availability of genetic testing and provide free testing on a routine basis unless the parents choose not to do so. We argue that this proposal will allow parents to make a more informed decision about their reproductive choices. Secondarily, this proposal will attract more healthcare professionals and other healthcare resources to improve the healthcare infrastructures in the less-developed regions of the country. This will help to reduce the inequity of accessing healthcare services between in different regions of China. We further argue that this policy proposal is not practicing eugenics. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Arquivo de Antropologia Física do Museu Nacional: fontes para a história da eugenia no Brasil The National Museum's physical anthropology archive: sources on the history of eugenics in Brazil

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Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Apresenta um conjunto de fontes documentais que integram o Arquivo de Antropologia Física, de responsabilidade do Setor de Antropologia Biológica do Museu Nacional/UFRJ. O arquivo contém importante documentação sobre o Primeiro Congresso Brasileiro de Eugenia, realizado em 1929, no Rio de Janeiro, em comemoração ao centenário da Academia Nacional de Medicina. Além de originais dos trabalhos apresentados no evento - alguns inéditos -, constam também nesse arquivo documentos reunidos pela secretaria do Congresso, como convocações para a sua realização, ficha dos inscritos, correspondências, recortes de jornais e revistas com artigos sobre eugenia, bem como moções, relatórios e atas finais, constituindo acervo fundamental para a compreensão da história da eugenia no Brasil.The article presents a set of documental sources that are part of the physical anthropology archive administered by the National Museum's biological anthropology sector (UFRJ. The archive holds important documentation on the first Brazilian congress of eugenics, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1929, in celebration of the National Academy of Medicine centennial. In addition to the originals of papers presented at the event (some unpublished, the archive also contains a series of documents compiled by the congress organizers, including announcements of the event, attendee registrations, correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings of articles on eugenics, as well as motions, reports, and final minutes, all of which makes this collection invaluable in understanding the history of eugenics in Brazil.

["A decision meaning a new foundation...": from the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics to the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics].

Science.gov (United States)

Sachse, Carola

2011-01-01

The Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) in Berlin-Dahlem dates its establishment to 1964. Its homepage makes no mention of its predecessor institutes, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics (KWIA) and the subsequent MPI for Comparative Genetics and Hereditary Pathology (MPIVEE). This article traces the two critical phases of transition regarding the constellations of academic staff, institutional and epistemic ruptures and continuities specific to the era. Only one of the five department heads from the final war years, Hans Nachtsheim, remained a researcher within the Max Planck Society (MPG); he nevertheless continued to advocate the pre-war and wartime eugenic agenda in the life sciences and social policy. The generational change of 1959/60 became a massive struggle within the institute, in which microbial genetics (with Fritz Kaudewitz) was pitted against human genetics (with Friedrich Vogel) and managed to establish itself after a fresh change in personnel in 1964/65. For the Dahlem institute, this involved a far-reaching reorientation of its research, but for the genetically oriented life sciences in the Max Planck Society as a whole it only meant that molecular biology, which was already being pursued in the West German institutes, gained an additional facility. With this realignment of research traditions, the Society was able to draw a line under the Nazi past without having to address it head-on.

A Juridical Insight of Brave New World: The Eugenics Found on the Selection Criteria of Genetic Material for the Assisted Human Reproduction

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Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Alban

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Following the teachings of the “Law in the Literature” movement, as well as the method of the Phemenological Hermeneutics, the present essay intends to discuss the eugenics content present in the abstract criteria for donating genetic material in Brazil. In order to present this problem clearly for the reader, the novel Brave New World, from Aldous Huxley, will be used as an example. Opportunely, it will deal with the recent situation regarding the investigation of the London Sperm Bank donators’ politics, in which important debates related to the genetic selection aiming for avoiding congenital diseases appear.

More than a Mentor: Leonard Darwin's Contribution to the Assimilation of Mendelism into Eugenics and Darwinism.

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Serpente, Norberto

2016-08-01

This article discusses the contribution to evolutionary theory of Leonard Darwin (1850-1943), the eighth child of Charles Darwin. By analysing the correspondence Leonard Darwin maintained with Ronald Aylmer Fisher in conjunction with an assessment of his books and other written works between the 1910s and 1930s, this article argues for a more prominent role played by him than the previously recognised in the literature as an informal mentor of Fisher. The paper discusses Leonard's efforts to amalgamate Mendelism with both Eugenics and Darwinism in order for the first to base their policies on new scientific developments and to help the second in finding a target for natural selection. Without a formal qualification in biological sciences and as such mistrusted by some "formal" scientists, Leonard Darwin engaged with key themes of Darwinism such as mimicry, the role of mutations on speciation and the process of genetic variability, arriving at important conclusions concerning the usefulness of Mendelian genetics for his father's theory.

Female Gynecologists and Their Birth Control Clinics: Eugenics in Practice in 1920s-1930s China.

Science.gov (United States)

David, Mirela

2018-01-01

Yang Chao Buwei, the first Chinese translator of Margaret Sanger's What Every Girl Should Know, was the first female gynecologist to open up a birth control clinic in China. By the 1930s, other female gynecologists, like Guo Taihua, had internalized and combined national and eugenic concerns of race regeneration to focus on the control of women's reproduction. This symbiosis between racial regeneration and birth control is best seen in Yang Chongrui's integration of birth control into her national hygiene program. This article traces the efforts of pioneer gynecologists in giving contraceptive advice at their birth control clinics, which they framed as a humanitarian effort to ease the reproductive burden of working-class women. It also examines their connections with Sanger's international birth control movement, and their advocacy of contraception as practitioners, translators, and educators. The author argues that these Chinese female gynecologists not only borrowed, but adapted, Western scientific knowledge to Chinese social conditions through their writings and translations and in their clinical work.

Lacanian Orders in Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night

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Sima Farshid

2013-03-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a Lacanian reading of Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night (1941 by drawing on the psychic orders the well-known French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan has propounded. He holds that human psyche is formed of three orders (the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real which mold the unconscious mind and motivate human actions and reactions. He also argues that the Other has an immense impact on the formation of psychic orders, especially the Symbolic, and hence on one’s identity. The present article attempts to investigate the three orders of the characters O’Neill has portrayed in Long Day’s Journey into Night, besides the role of the Other in the formation of those orders. The reactions of these characters to the outside world are regarded here as the outer presentation of their troubled mind. It is also discussed that the mental and physical problems and disorders of these characters, such as their addiction to alcohol and drugs, are the outcome of their repressed desires which have remained unfulfilled because of the rules defined and imposed on them by the Other – hence the frustrating sense of lack observed in all four characters.

Implementation of Eugene Wigner Training Course at University of 'Politehnica' of Bucharest, Power Engineering Faculty, Nuclear Power Plant Department

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghizdeanu, E.N.

2004-01-01

The 'Eugene Wigner' training Course for Reactor Physics Experiments has been supported by the 5th Framework Programme of the European Commission, and it has been integrated in the ENEN (European Nuclear Engineering Network) program. This project has been prepared for the future European Nuclear Education schemes and degrees. Starting from a general presentation of the course this paper presents my opinion as a former student about the course impact. In this paper is written my opinion about the following: The content of theoretical courses; The usefulness of the textbook; The content of the practical experiments; The usefulness of the textbook for the practical experiments, and evaluations. Moreover, parts of this course were implemented to my seminars. Results, expectations and conclusions about the usefulness of the course are presented. (author)

[As the twig is bent, so is the tree inclined: children and the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental's eugenic programs].

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Reis, J R

2000-01-01

Created in the early 1920s, at a moment when the country's psychiatric field was embracing the preventive outlook, the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental included within its members the elite of Brazilian psychiatry, along with a number of physicians and intellectuals. The article discusses the institution's proposals for intervention among children. The league ended up incorporating into its theoretical arsenal the basic themes of mental hygiene and eugenics as part of its general goal of collaborating in Brazil's process of "racial sanitation". With this objective in mind, and viewing the child as a "pre-citizen" who is a "fundamental part within the man of the future", league members included the children's issue in their projects and saw an imperative need for mental health care from early ages on.

Obituary: Harding Eugene (Gene) Smith, Jr., 1947-2007

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Lonsdale, Carol; Soifer, Tom

2009-01-01

Harding Eugene Smith Junior, or Gene, as he was known to family, friends, and colleagues, passed away after an automobile accident in Encinitas, California, on 16 August 2007. He was 60 years old. Gene had recently retired from UCSD after thirty years of service. A memorial service was held at Quail Botanical Gardens in Encinitas, California, on 23 August 2007. A web page is dedicated to his memory at http://harding.smith.muchloved.com, where contributions of memories are invited. Gene was born in San Jose, California in 1947, to Harding Eugene Smith Senior, and Bernice Smith (nee Smith). Harding Smith Senior was an air-force navigator; therefore Gene spent his childhood moving from one air-force base to another. Although an only child, Gene was very close to his cousin Meg, whom he lived nearby to in Gilroy for a time, and the two were like brother and sister. The elder Harding Smith was lost in action over Cambodia in the mid-sixties. Gene was a dedicated student, a boy scout, and a Presidential Scholar. He majored in Physics at Caltech, where he also took a lively interest in the football team and the Glee Club, and was elected a House Officer. To his close friends, he was known at Caltech as Smitty, and the closest of them was Rob Drew, who gave a glimpse into that period of Gene's life at the memorial: "Gene arrived early at campus his first year, in response to an invitation to join the football team. Gene's size and features reminded the head coach of a long-forgotten player named 'Johnson.' After a few days of confusion, Gene simply replaced the name on his helmet. 'Johnson!' coach would yell, 'get in there!' If Johnson was going to get to play, Gene was going to be the best Johnson available!" Gene spent the summer of 1966 working at Kitt Peak, where his lifetime love of observing with ground-based telescopes began, though he learned some things the hard way, such as the fact that trying to squeeze 40,000 numbers onto a computer that stored only 32

Legalised non-consensual sterilisation - eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 1: USA, Japan, Canada and Mexico.

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Amy, Jean-Jacques; Rowlands, Sam

2018-04-01

In the late 19th century, eugenics, a pseudo-scientific doctrine based on an erroneous interpretation of the laws of heredity, swept across the industrialised world. Academics and other influential figures who promoted it convinced political stakeholders to enact laws authorising the sterilisation of people seen as 'social misfits'. The earliest sterilisation Act was enforced in Indiana, in 1907; most states in the USA followed suit and so did several countries, with dissimilar political regimes. The end of the Second World War saw the suspension of Nazi legislation in Germany, including that regulating coerced sterilisation. The year 1945 should have been the endpoint of these inhuman practices but, in the early post-war period, the existing sterilisation Acts were suspended solely in Germany and Austria. Only much later did certain countries concerned - not Japan so far - officially acknowledge the human rights violations committed, issue apologies and develop reparation schemes for the victims' benefit.

The early eugenics movement and emerging professional psychiatry: conceptual transfers and personal relationships between Germany and North America, 1880s to 1930s.

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Stahnisch, Frank W

2014-01-01

French-Austrian psychiatrist Bénédict Augustin Morel's (1809-1873) Traits des dégénérescences physiques, intellectuelles et morales de l'espèce humaine (1857) was fully dedicated to the social problem of "degeneration" and it became very attractive to German-speaking psychiatrists during the latter half of the 19th century. Auguste Forel (1848-1931) and Constantin von Monakow (1853-1930) in Zurich integrated Morel's approach and searched for the somatic and morphological alterations in the human brain; a perspective of research that Ernst Ruedin (1874-1952) at Munich further prolonged into a thorough analysis of hereditary influences on mental health. This paper investigates the continuities and major differences within some early eugenic traditions of the emerging field of psychiatry in the German-speaking countries and North America.

Practical animal breeding as the key to an integrated view of genetics, eugenics and evolutionary theory: Arend L. Hagedoorn (1885-1953).

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Theunissen, Bert

2014-06-01

In the history of genetics Arend Hagedoorn (1885-1953) is mainly known for the 'Hagedoorn effect', which states that part of the changes in variability that populations undergo over time are due to chance effects. Leaving this contribution aside, Hagedoorn's work has received scarcely any attention from historians. This is mainly due to the fact that Hagedoorn was an expert in animal breeding, a field that historians have only recently begun to explore. His work provides an example of how a prominent geneticist envisaged animal breeding to be reformed by the new science of heredity. Hagedoorn, a pupil of Hugo de Vries, tried to integrate his insights as a Mendelian geneticist and an animal breeding expert in a unified view of heredity, eugenics and evolution. In this paper I aim to elucidate how these fields were connected in Hagedoorn's work. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Eugen Bleuler's Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (1911): A Centenary Appreciation and Reconsideration

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Moskowitz, Andrew; Heim, Gerhard

2011-01-01

On the 100th anniversary of the publication of Eugen Bleuler's Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias, his teachings on schizophrenia from that seminal book are reviewed and reassessed, and implications for the current revision of the category of schizophrenia, with its emphasis on psychotic symptoms, drawn. Bleuler's methods are contrasted with Kraepelin's, and 4 myths about his concept of schizophrenia addressed. We demonstrate that (1) Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia has close ties to historical and contemporary concepts of dissociation and as such the public interpretation of schizophrenia as split personality has some historical basis; (2) Bleuler's concept of loosening of associations does not refer narrowly to a disorder of thought but broadly to a core organically based psychological deficit which underlies the other symptoms of schizophrenia; (3) the “4 A's,” for association, affect, ambivalence, and autism, do not adequately summarize Bleuler's teachings on schizophrenia and marginalize the central role of splitting in his conception; and (4) Bleuler's ideas were more powerfully influenced by Pierre Janet, particularly with regard to his diagnostic category Psychasthenia, than by Sigmund Freud. We conclude that Bleuler's ideas on schizophrenia warrant reexamination in the light of current criticism of the emphasis on psychotic symptoms in the schizophrenia diagnosis and argue for the recognition of the dissociative roots of this most important psychiatric category. PMID:21505113

Visualizing the context of citations referencing papers published by Eugene Garfield: a new type of keyword co-occurrence analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bornmann, Lutz; Haunschild, Robin; Hug, Sven E

2018-01-01

During Eugene Garfield's (EG's) lengthy career as information scientist, he published about 1500 papers. In this study, we use the impressive oeuvre of EG to introduce a new type of bibliometric networks: keyword co-occurrences networks based on the context of citations, which are referenced in a certain paper set (here: the papers published by EG). The citation context is defined by the words which are located around a specific citation. We retrieved the citation context from Microsoft Academic. To interpret and compare the results of the new network type, we generated two further networks: co-occurrence networks which are based on title and abstract keywords from (1) EG's papers and (2) the papers citing EG's publications. The comparison of the three networks suggests that papers of EG and citation contexts of papers citing EG are semantically more closely related to each other than to titles and abstracts of papers citing EG. This result accords with the use of citations in research evaluation that is based on the premise that citations reflect the cognitive influence of the cited on the citing publication.

Inovação e concorrência em serviços de informação acadêmica: de Eugene Garfield ao google scholarInovation and competition in scholar information services: from Eugene Garfield to google scholar

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Eduardo Beira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Discutem-se os processos de inovação envolvidos, desde a luta empreendedora de Eugene Garfield e do ISI Institute for Scientific Information nos últimos 40 anos até meados dos anos 90, e as mudanças que a entrada do Google Scholar tem provocado com o seu modelo de negócio baseado num mecanismo de inovação disruptiva. Os processos de inovação envolvidos são discutidos com base em modelos sociais de inovação empresarial. Apresenta‑se evidência empírica comparando resultados de procuras no ISI/WoS e no Google Scholar, que mostram o efeito de legacy da arquitectura de dados do ISI/WoS e que mostram que nenhum deles é perfeito. Ambos subestimam o número real de citações, e, para os casos apresentados, as citações únicas das duas origens são dominantes. Discute-se o significado das actuais “guerras das citações” como uma continuação das anteriores “guerras das ciências” e como uma continuação da permanente procura do significado e fundamento para o conhecimento científico e para a actividade académica. Argumentamos que o modelo aberto e dinâmico do Google Scholar é muito mais coerente com a realidade, e permite uma visão mais completa dos múltiplos processos envolvidos na actividade científica e académica – algo que tem importantes implicações sobre as políticas para o sector.During last forty years scholarly information services developed from near non existence to a significant business with deep implications in the management of science and academic institutions. We discuss the innovative business struggle of Eugene Garfield and ISI Institute for Scientific Information until mid 90's, and the changes after the Google Scholar entered the market with an highly disruptive business model. The processes are discussed in the context of social frameworks for business innovation. Changes in the market during last decade are analysed and the implications for future are explored. Empirical data is

In Genes We Trust: Germline Engineering, Eugenics, and the Future of the Human Genome.

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Powell, Russell

2015-12-01

Liberal proponents of genetic engineering maintain that developing human germline modification technologies is morally desirable because it will result in a net improvement in human health and well-being. Skeptics of germline modification, in contrast, fear evolutionary harms that could flow from intervening in the human germline, and worry that such programs, even if well intentioned, could lead to a recapitulation of the scientifically and morally discredited projects of the old eugenics. Some bioconservatives have appealed as well to the value of retaining our "given" human biological nature as a reason for restraining the development and use of human genetic modification technologies even where they would tend to increase well-being. In this article, I argue that germline intervention will be necessary merely to sustain the levels of genetic health that we presently enjoy for future generations-a goal that should appeal to bioliberals and bioconservatives alike. This is due to the population-genetic consequences of relaxed selection pressures in human populations caused by the increasing efficacy and availability of conventional medicine. This heterodox conclusion, which I present as a problem of intergenerational justice, has been overlooked in medicine and bioethics due to certain misconceptions about human evolution, which I attempt to rectify, as well as the sordid history of Darwinian approaches to medicine and social policy, which I distinguish from the present argument. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The Antiquity in Lyrics by Eugen Malaniuk: Reception and Specifics of Interpretation

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Oksana Galchuk

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to determine the reception’s specifics of the Antique text and to observe its role in historiosophy and esthetics of Eugen Malaniuk. Using contact and comparative methods we analyzed his lyrics and elucidated that the author had put in the basis of his poetic historiosophy his comprehension of concepts “Hellas” and “Rome”. In Malaniuk’s interpretation these concepts became the metaphors of past and future of Ukraine (“Polittia”, “Variaz′ka vesna”, “Liuds′ke”, “Epiloh”, “Uryvok”, etc.. Its present he comprehend transforming the antique maxim “world – theatre” (“Teatr, Doba”, “Odyn vechir”, “V maіbutnie”, “Pobachennia”, etc.. This comprehension resulted into quotations in epigraphs and text (“Tertia vigilia”, “Сampus Martius”, “Ars poetica”, “Ave, Caesar…”, “Post scriptum”, etc., reminiscence and allusions of antique plots and motives (“Martivs′ki idy”, “Osinnii Stiks”, “Muza”, “Bezkrovna Muza…”, “Perykl”, etc., explicit (“Prysviatni strofy”, “Doba”, “Bezsonnia”, “Tak dovho buv dvolykyi i dvoiakyi…”, “Nostal′hiia” and implicit (“Proloh” embodiment of “text in text” structure and transformation of the lyrical hero into images of the prototext’s characters (Odysseus, Theseus, Aeneas. The research revealed that transplantation of the antique text by the poet caused the uprise of the “Prague” interpretation variant, distinctive features of which are synthesis of neoclassic and neoromantic perception of the Classic tradition, focus on the Baroque experience of its reception, reading through the historisophical prism. The study “Malaniuk and Antiqity” creates a perspective of separating and researching masculine, Rome’s rationality oriented, with Apollo’s principles domineering (Ol′zhych, Klen; and feminine, with Dionysus’ element prevalence in dialogue with emotional

Prostitutes and criminals: beginnings of eugenics in Croatia in the works of Fran Gundrum from Oriovac (1856-1919).

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Kuhar, Martin; Fatović-Ferencić, Stella

2012-04-01

Fran Gundrum (1856-1919) was a Croatian physician, encyclopedist, and an advocate of medical enlightenment and healthy lifestyle. In order to identify and analyze Gundrum's ideas about the problems of prostitution and criminality, we studied all of his books, booklets, and articles published between 1905 and 1914. We showed that Gundrum's theories of heredity, morality, and sexual hygiene incorporated many of the important discussions of his time, especially those related to the Darwinian paradigm. Gundrum's project of collecting statistics on prostitutes was the first such study published on the territory of today's Croatia. Although he rejected the notions of born prostitutes and born criminals, defended by Italian criminal anthropologist Cesare Lombroso, he still regarded eugenics as a convenient method of dealing with the ills of society. He believed that criminals were degenerate individuals representing a violent threat to the society and that it was legitimate to use radical means, such as sterilization and deportation, to deal with this problem. Organicistic view of the society prevented him from seeing the individual rights as important as that of the society to protect itself. Nevertheless, this view led to many humanistic ideas, such as the binomial illness/poverty in case of prostitution, which influenced many prominent works of social medicine movement.

VIOLENT BLACK MAN AND THE MYTH OF BLACK MACHO IN EUGENE O’NEILL’S "THE DREAMY KID"

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Agnieszka Łobodziec

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is the investigation of the extent to which Eugene O’Neill, in his drama "The Dreamy Kid", (reconstructs, or employs, the black macho myth, which negatively images black men as marginalized and violent. This undertaking questions O’Neill’s self-proclaimed progressive racial attitudes and stated focus on the universal nature of human existence, which he professed to express through drama. Moreover, the article challenges the mainstream view of "The Dreamy Kid" as progressive. Although the play focalizes the experience of a marginalized black man, which could be interpreted as the playwright’s concern with the unjust racial and class stratification of American society, O’Neill’s production, unfortunately, contains a number of pervasive stereotypes relative to black people’s alleged moral degeneracy, primitiveness, and violent behavior, which threatens the white dominated constructed order. In terms of gendered racial politics, in the article attention is given to O’Neill’s presentation of black male negotiations with the white patriarchal power structure, embodied by the police forces, and with black matriarchy, represented by O’Neill’s stereotypical character portrayal of a dominant elderly black woman. Lastly, an overall analysis is performed in light of the call for an autonomous black art, which emerged among black artists in opposition to the demeaning, unrealistic, stereotypical portrayals of black victims of oppression by white American writers.

75 FR 74108 - Post Office Closing

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-30

... the closing of the Eugene Post Office's University Station in Eugene, Oregon, has been filed. It... the Eugene Post Office's University Station located in Eugene, Oregon. The petition, which was filed.... Categories of issues apparently raised. The categories of issues raised include: Failure to follow the post...

[The 'Krüppelfürsorge' during the Weimar Republic. Oscillating between an own position and the adoption of eugenic arguments].

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Weinert, Sebastian

2011-03-01

This article examines the discourse about physical disability led by the German 'Krüppelfürsorge'. It deals with the exhibition GeSoLei (Gesundheitspflege, soziale Fürsorge and Leibesübungen), which took place in Düsseldorf in 1926. The GeSoLei was one of the most popular platforms of the healthy and aesthetic body in the 1920s. It stood in the context of the German 'national recovery' after World War I and collected all types of medical, social and athletic professionals to expose their work to a broader audience. Also representatives of the so called 'Krüppelfürsorge' presented themselves and at the same time their perspective on people with physical disabilities on this exhibition. The article points out the ambivalent character of their perspective and shows the mixture of including and excluding people with physical disabilities, which was typical for the view of the 'Krüppelfürsorge'. It demonstrates that the 'Krüppelfürsorger' on the one hand were quite progressive towards people with disabilities, but on the other hand showed a striking openness towards eugenic values.

Frankenstein e cyborgs: pistas no caminho da ciência indicam o "novo eugenismo" Frankenstein and cyborgs: indications of new eugenism through the science Frankestein y cyborgs: huellas en el camino de la ciência que enseñan el nuevo eugenesismo

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2006-11-01

Full Text Available Este estudo analisa as atuais possibilidades de intervenções no corpo em busca de ampliá-lo, tornando-o mais bem adaptado às condições contemporâneas. Através das lentes da Eugenia do final do século XIX e início do XX, propomos buscar elementos que nos ajudem a pensar nossa atmosfera. De posse de reportagens coletadas em jornais e revistas de grande circulação e atentos aos dois períodos, identificamos muitas das novas tecnologias do corpo carreadoras de permanências daquilo que foi a busca pelo corpo melhorado. Denominadas “novo eugenismo”, as atuais introjeções tecnológicas assumem características próprias do nosso tempo, ao passo que guardam semelhanças profundas com aquilo que se chamou Eugenia. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: eugenia – ciência – adaptações do corpoF This study analyzes the current possibilities of interventions in the body that try enlarge it, turning it better adapted to contemporary conditions. Inspired in Eugenics of the end of the century XIX and beginning of the XX, we intend to look for us elements that help us to think our atmosphere. Through reports collected in newspapers and magazines of great circulation and attentive to the two periods, we identified that new technologies of the body carry permanences of that wel born science: Eugenics. Denominated “new eugenism”, the current body technologies assume own characteristics of our time, as well as keep deep similarities with science called Eugenia. KEY-WORDS: eugenics – science – body’s adaptations Este estudio analiza las posibilidades actuales de intervenciones en el cuerpo las cuales intentan extenderlo y de ahí haciéndolo mucho más adaptado a las condiciones contemporáneas. A través de las lentes de la Eugenesia del final del siglo XIX y comienzo del XX nos proponemos buscar elementos que nos ayuden a pensar nuestra atmósfera. Teniendo en las manos unos reportajes recolectados de periódicos y revistas de gran circulación y

Eugenics ideals, racial hygiene, and the emigration process of German-American neurogeneticist Franz Josef Kallmann (1897-1965).

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Pow, Stephen; Stahnisch, Frank W

2016-01-01

Biological psychiatry in the early twentieth century was based on interrelated disciplines, such as neurology and experimental biology. Neuropsychiatrist Franz Josef Kallmann (1897-1965) was a product of this interdisciplinary background who showed an ability to adapt to different scientific contexts, first in the field of neuromorphology in Berlin, and later in New York. Nonetheless, having innovative ideas, as Kallmann did, could be an ambiguous advantage, since they could lead to incommensurable scientific views and marginalization in existing research programs. Kallmann followed his Dr. Med. degree (1919) with training periods at the Charité Medical School in Berlin under psychiatrist Karl Bonhoeffer (1868-1948). Subsequently, he collaborated with Ernst Ruedin (1874-1952), investigating sibling inheritance of schizophrenia and becoming a protagonist of genetic research on psychiatric conditions. In 1936, Kallmann was forced to immigrate to the USA where he published The Genetics of Schizophrenia (1938), based on data he had gathered from the district pathological institutes of Berlin's public health department. Kallmann resumed his role as an international player in biological psychiatry and genetics, becoming president (1952) of the American Society of Human Genetics and Director of the New York State Psychiatric Institute in 1955. While his work was well received by geneticists, the idea of genetic differences barely took hold in American psychiatry, largely because of émigré psychoanalysts who dominated American clinical psychiatry until the 1960s and established a philosophical direction in which genetics played no significant role, being regarded as dangerous in light of Nazi medical atrocities. After all, medical scientists in Nazi Germany had been among the social protagonists of racial hygiene which, under the aegis of Nazi philosophies, replaced medical genetics as the basis for the ideals and application of eugenics.

Eugenika i przejawy jej recepcji w polskiej myśli politycznej do 1939 roku

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Grzegorz Radomski

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Eugenics and indications - its reception in the Polish political thoughtThe term eugenics was introduced by Francis Galton in the 19th century. It is a system ofviews declaringthe possibility of improvinghereditary characteristics of human beings by creating conditions favouring the maintenance and development of advantageous features. The basis for the development of the movement was fear of the biological degeneration of mankind. The disadvantageous outbreak of social pathologies thatcould havebeen observed in a number of countries was allegedly the harbinger. So, the purpose of the movementwas to create a perfectsocietyby gradual elimination of sick and socially notadapted individuals. It was divided into two sub- categories: positive and negative eugenics. In case of the latter, the purpose was the limitation of the development of disabled persons and as it was defined euphemistically the "less valuable” ones. The most brutal method of restricting the birth ratewas the compulsory sterilization. In the article the following subjects have been presented inter alia:-  beginning and development of eugenic thoughts on the Polish ground-  reception of eugenic ideas in Poland-  developmentof eugenics in the thirties of the 20th century Polish political thoughtversus German Sterilization Actof 1934Attitude of the Catholic Church to eugenics, inter alia the encyclical Casti connubi.

NASA's Optical Program on Ascension Island: Bringing MCAT to Life as the Eugene Stansbery-Meter Class Autonomous Telescope (ES-MCAT)

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Lederer, S. M.; Hickson, P.; Cowardin, H. M.; Buckalew, B.; Frith, J.; Alliss, R.

In June 2015, the construction of the Meter Class Autonomous Telescope was completed and MCAT saw the light of the stars for the first time. In 2017, MCAT was newly dedicated as the Eugene Stansbery-MCAT telescope by NASA’s Orbital Debris Program Office (ODPO), in honour of his inspiration and dedication to this newest optical member of the NASA ODPO. Since that time, MCAT has viewed the skies with one engineering camera and two scientific cameras, and the ODPO optical team has begun the process of vetting the entire system. The full system vetting includes verification and validation of: (1) the hardware comprising the system (e.g. the telescopes and its instruments, the dome, weather systems, all-sky camera, FLIR cloud infrared camera, etc.), (2) the custom-written Observatory Control System (OCS) master software designed to autonomously control this complex system of instruments, each with its own control software, and (3) the custom written Orbital Debris Processing software for post-processing the data. ES-MCAT is now capable of autonomous observing to include Geosyncronous survey, TLE (Two-line element) tracking of individual catalogued debris at all orbital regimes (Low-Earth Orbit all the way to Geosynchronous (GEO) orbit), tracking at specified non-sidereal rates, as well as sidereal rates for proper calibration with standard stars. Ultimately, the data will be used for validation of NASA’s Orbital Debris Engineering Model, ORDEM, which aids in engineering designs of spacecraft that require knowledge of the orbital debris environment and long-term risks for collisions with Resident Space Objects (RSOs).

NASA's Optical Program on Ascension Island: Bringing MCAT to Life as the Eugene Stansbery-Meter Class Autonomous Telescope (ES-MCAT)

Science.gov (United States)

Lederer, S. M.; Hickson, P.; Cowardin, H. M.; Buckalew, B.; Frith, J.; Alliss, R.

2017-01-01

In June 2015, the construction of the Meter Class Autonomous Telescope was completed and MCAT saw the light of the stars for the first time. In 2017, MCAT was newly dedicated as the Eugene Stansbery-MCAT telescope by NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office (ODPO), in honor of his inspiration and dedication to this newest optical member of the NASA ODPO. Since that time, MCAT has viewed the skies with one engineering camera and two scientific cameras, and the ODPO optical team has begun the process of vetting the entire system. The full system vetting includes verification and validation of: (1) the hardware comprising the system (e.g. the telescopes and its instruments, the dome, weather systems, all-sky camera, FLIR cloud infrared camera, etc.), (2) the custom-written Observatory Control System (OCS) master software designed to autonomously control this complex system of instruments, each with its own control software, and (3) the custom written Orbital Debris Processing software for post-processing the data. ES-MCAT is now capable of autonomous observing to include Geosynchronous survey, TLE (Two-line element) tracking of individual catalogued debris at all orbital regimes (Low-Earth Orbit all the way to Geosynchronous (GEO) orbit), tracking at specified non-sidereal rates, as well as sidereal rates for proper calibration with standard stars. Ultimately, the data will be used for validation of NASA's Orbital Debris Engineering Model, ORDEM, which aids in engineering designs of spacecraft that require knowledge of the orbital debris environment and long-term risks for collisions with Resident Space Objects (RSOs).

La renovación de la fotografía española a partir de la pauta estética del realismo. Un precedente formal y significativo en el reportaje de Eugene Smith sobre Deleitosa (Cáceres

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Francisco Javier Lázaro Sebastián

2014-02-01

Full Text Available A la hora de hablar de la renovación en la fotografía española a mediados del siglo XX, hay que tener en cuenta una pauta estética determinante para su consecución y que se deriva de la aplicación de posiciones realistas al arte. Frente al pictorialismo idealizador, el fotorreportaje se erige en crónica descarnada, no evitando una función crítica, de la situación actual, como ejemplifica el trabajo de Eugene Smith sobre el pueblo extremeño de Deleitosa. Entre los objetivos principales que se pretendía desarrollar, destacamos el dar a conocer algunos de los condicionantes históricos, ideológicos y estéticos de la fotografía desarrollada en España a mediados del siglo XX. La metodología de trabajo se ha basado en la consideración de los textos y las imágenes originales del reportaje citado, la bibliografía existente sobre el tema; comprender las reacciones surgidas en la prensa especializada del momento, y la relación con otras obras que también resultaron polémicas por su grado de realismo y de crítica social, por ejemplo, con algunas películas de Luis Buñuel.When we speak about the renovation of Spanish photography in the middle of the 20th century, it is necessary to bear in mind a concrete guideline which stems from idealized pictorialism to the realistic and even critical photographic chronicle. Certainly, it is a widespread phenomenon extended to other artistic manifestations like literature or the cinema. Inside the photographic plot, the photographic article constitutes the principal way to take it to effect. This emaciated chronicle which bears a critical function of the current situation is exemplified perfectly in the work of the North American Eugene Smith about Deleitosa.

Dialogue on ‘Dialogic Education’: Has Rupert gone over to ‘the Dark Side’?

OpenAIRE

Eugene Matusov; Rupert Wegerif

2014-01-01

This email dialogue that we record and report here between Eugene Matusov and Rupert Wegerif, exemplifies Internet mediated dialogic education. When Eugene emailed Rupert with his initial (mis)understanding of Rupert's position about dialogic pedagogy Rupert felt really motivated to reply. Rupert was not simply motivated to refute Eugene and assert his correctness, although Rupert is sure such elements enter into every dialogue, but also to explore and to try to resolve the issues ignited by ...

Saúde coletiva, nova genética e a eugenia de mercado Collective health, the new genetics, and market eugenics

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Maria Helena Cabral de Almeida Cardoso

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Com os constantes avanços das técnicas de manipulação genética, o campo da saúde coletiva passou a lidar com a possibilidade de surgimento de uma ênfase genômica reducionista, para além das influências sócio-culturais. Nestas circunstâncias, o foco principal das intervenções em saúde coletiva voltar-se-ia para a abordagem genômica de "indivíduos" e suas "famílias" em detrimento de seu consagrado objeto - "populações". Assim, seria deslocada a prioridade central dos esforços (e recursos para reduzir o adoecimento em função das desigualdades sócio-econômicas. Ao lado dos benefícios dos conhecimentos genéticos, há a possibilidade de surgimento de novas práticas eugênicas a partir da disponibilização de testagens genéticas no mercado, com vistas à aquisição pelos indivíduos interessados, desde que estes sejam capazes de atuarem como respectivos agentes de consumo.Due to constant advances in genetic manipulation, the field of public health is faced with the possible emergence of a reductionist genomic emphasis, beyond socio-cultural influences. Under such circumstances, the main focus of public health interventions would shift towards a genomic approach to "individuals" and their "families", to the detriment of their consecrated object - "populations", thereby moving away from the current central priority of efforts (and resources aimed at reducing ill-health due to socioeconomic inequalities. Even admitting the benefits of genetic knowledge, a new eugenic practice may emerge from the availability of genetic tests on the marketplace aimed at individuals that can afford to consume them.

Professor Eugen Cerkovnikov (1904-1985): the founder of the Chemical and Biochemical Institute of the Rijeka University School of Medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Milin, Cedomila

2008-01-01

Professor Eugen Cerkovnikov, PhD (Kamenska, Russia, 1904- Rijeka, Croatia 1985) graduated in chemical technology from the Faculty of Engineering in Zagreb in 1929. His first job was at the School of Medicine in Paris in 1930, and then he moved to Zagreb to the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Faculty of Engineering run by our Nobel Prize winner Vladimir Prelog (1935-1938). There he took his PhD degree with a dissertation on piperidine gamma derivatives. From 1938 to 1947 he was a research associate at an institute established by the pharmaceutical company Kastel (later Pliva). This is when he became a lecturer at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Zagreb and the first director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry, established in 1946/47. In 1948 he became reader, and in 1956 (full) professor. In 1957 he moved to the newly established School of Medicine in Rijeka, and set up the Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry. He ran the Institute until retirement in 1975. He was the second dean of the Rijeka University School of Medicine and a pioneer of quantum chemistry and medical cybernetics in undergraduate and (post)graduate courses. His scientific work consists of over 200 papers published at home and abroad, 60 professional papers, 20 book reviews, three works of translation, and 27 volumes of lecture notes. In 1958, professor Cerkovnikov established the Croatian Chemical Society and the Rijeka and Istria branches of the nation's Association of Chemists and Chemical Engineers, chairing them until 1974. In addition, he was one of the founding fathers, and the first chair of the Health Culture Studies Association in Rijeka (that preceded today's Croatian Scientific Society for the History of Health Culture), established in 1965.

Etica do discurso e eugenia liberal: Jürgen Habermas e o futuro da natureza humana | The ethics of discourse and liberal eugenics: Jürgen Habermas and the future of human nature

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Aécio Amaral

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo Em O Futuro da Natureza Humana, Jürgen Habermas afirma que os avanços recentes no campo das biotecnologias constituem um desafio para a ética do discurso nas Ciências Sociais. Por trás de sua crítica aos defensores da eugenia liberal reside o reconhecimento de que o Diagnóstico Genético Pré-Implantação potencialmente põe em cheque o papel exercido pela razão comunicativa na constituição de uma ética individual de auto-compreensão. A ‘ética da espécie’ proposta por Habermas como contraposição a esse fenômeno se nos apresenta como moralmente reativa, na medida em que sua crítica não alcança abarcar os aspectos metafísicos que estão no núcleo do discurso da eugenia liberal. O artigo é dividido em dois momentos: perceber como a recente intervenção de Habermas ecoa o motivo da alegada colonização do mundo-da-vida pela razão tecnológica, e demonstrar como a concepção de técnica que embasa seu relato o impede de divisar a crítica dos aspectos metafísicos da cultura genética contemporânea. Palavras-chave Jürgen Habermas; cultura genética; sociedade da informação; ciência e mundo-da-vida; ética do discurso Abstract In The Future of Human Nature, Jürgen Habermas recognizes that current advances in biotechnology are challenging discourse ethics in Social Sciences. Behind his fear of the possibility of liberal eugenics, lies the recognition that pre-implanted genetic diagnosis potentially puts into question the role played by communicative reason in the constitution of the individual’s ethics of self-understanding. The ethics of species proposed by Habermas sounds morally reactive, insofar as his critique does not manage to encompass the metaphysical features which are at the core of liberal eugenics discourse. This paper is divided into two moments: the current echoing in Habermas’ work of the motif of the alleged colonization of the lifeworld by technological reason, and a demonstration of

The social and economic origins of genetic determinism: a case history of the American Eugenics Movement, 1900-1940 and its lessons for today.

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, G E

1997-01-01

Eugenics, the attempt to improve the genetic quality of the human species by 'better breeding', developed as a worldwide movement between 1900 and 1940. It was particularly prominent in the United States, Britain and Germany, and in those countries was based on the then-new science of Mendelian genetics. Eugenicists developed research programs to determine the degree in which traits such as Huntington's chorea, blindness, deafness, mental retardation (feeblemindedness), intelligence, alcoholism, schizophrenia, manic depression, rebelliousness, nomadism, prostitution and feeble inhibition were genetically determined. Eugenicists were also active in the political arena, lobbying in the United States for immigration restriction and compulsory sterilization laws for those deemed genetically unfit; in Britain they lobbied for incarceration of genetically unfit and in Germany for sterilization and eventually euthanasia. In all these countries one of the major arguments was that of efficiency: that it was inefficient to allow genetic defects to be multiplied and then have to try and deal with the consequences of state care for the offspring. National socialists called genetically defective individuals 'useless eaters' and argued for sterilization or euthanasia on economic grounds. Similar arguments appeared in the United States and Britain as well. At the present time (1997) much research and publicity is being given to claims about a genetic basis for all the same behaviors (alcoholism, manic depression, etc.), again in an economic context--care for people with such diseases is costing too much. There is an important lesson to learn from the past: genetic arguments are put forward to mask the true--social and economic--causes of human behavioral defects.

Breeding unity: Battlestar Galactica’s biracial reproductive futurity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kustritz, A.

2012-01-01

While Battlestar Galactica reinvigorated the science fiction genre by representing contemporary political problems in a complex, often radical fashion, the series also makes visible a new articulation of eugenic thinking. Postmodern eugenics repurposes turn-of-the 20th century ideas of racial

CORRADO GINI AND THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FASCIST RACISM.

Science.gov (United States)

Macuglia, Daniele

2014-01-01

It is controversial whether the development of Fascist racism was influenced by earlier Italian eugenic research. Before the First International Eugenics Congress held in London in 1912, Italian eugenics was not characterized by a clear program of scientific research. With the advent of Fascism, however, the equality "number = strength" became the foundation of its program. This idea, according to which the improvement of a nation relies on the amplitude of its population, was conceived by statistician Corrado Gini (1884-1965) already in 1912. Focusing on the problem of the degeneration of the Italian race, Gini had a tremendous influence on Benito Mussolini's (1883-1945) political campaign, and shaped Italian social sciences for almost two decades. He was also a committed racist, as documented by a series of indisputable statements from the primary literature. All these findings place Gini in a linking position among early Italian eugenics, Fascism and official state racism.

Political Philosophy and the Mentally Retarded.

Science.gov (United States)

Stanovich, Keith E.

The effects of Social Darwinism, eugenics, and contemporary political conservatism on the status of advocacy efforts for the mentally retarded are reviewed. Provided are historical sketches of Social Darwinism, which viewed the retarded as members of an inferior race, and eugenics, which argued for sterilization of the "genetically…

Raza, alteridad y exclusión en Alemania durante la década de 1920

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Alejandro Castillejo Cuéllar

2007-04-01

Full Text Available In 1927, under the umbrella of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft, the institution responsible for directing Germany's research policies, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Anthropologie, Menschliche, Erblehre und Eugenic (Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics was founded. The institution represented the apex of the German eugenics movement that had developed in the previous decades, and the birth of oneof the intellectual centers where the Reich's ideology of social engineering was founded. This article discusses some of the historic elements that linked racial ideology, the bedrock of Nazi policy of extermination, and the social sciences during the Weimar period

Paying for Hitler's War

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Joachim

2017-01-01

Book review of: Jonas Scherner & Eugene N. White (eds.), Paying for Hitler's War: The Consequenses of Nazi Hegemony for Europe (NY: Cambridge University Press, 2016)......Book review of: Jonas Scherner & Eugene N. White (eds.), Paying for Hitler's War: The Consequenses of Nazi Hegemony for Europe (NY: Cambridge University Press, 2016)...

Inovação e concorrência em serviços de informação acadêmica: de Eugene Garfield ao google scholar

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Eduardo Beira

2010-11-01

Discutem-se os processos de inovação envolvidos, desde a luta empreendedora de Eugene Garfield e do ISI Institute for Scientific Information nos últimos 40 anos até meados dos anos 90, e as mudanças que a entrada do Google Scholar tem provocado com o seu modelo de negócio baseado num mecanismo de inovação disruptiva. Os processos de inovação envolvidos são discutidos com base em modelos sociais de inovação empresarial. Apresenta‑se evidência empírica comparando resultados de procuras no ISI/WoS e no Google Scholar, que mostram o efeito de legacy da arquitectura de dados do ISI/WoS e que mostram que nenhum deles é perfeito. Ambos subestimam o número real de citações, e, para os casos apresentados, as citações únicas das duas origens são dominantes. Discute-se o significado das actuais “guerras das citações” como uma continuação das anteriores “guerras das ciências” e como uma continuação da permanente procura do significado e fundamento para o conhecimento científico e para a actividade académica. Argumentamos que o modelo aberto e dinâmico do Google Scholar é muito mais coerente com a realidade, e permite uma visão mais completa dos múltiplos processos envolvidos na actividade científica e académica – algo que tem importantes implicações sobre as políticas para o sector.

Dialogue on ‘Dialogic Education’: Has Rupert gone over to ‘the Dark Side’?

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Eugene Matusov

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This email dialogue that we record and report here between Eugene Matusov and Rupert Wegerif, exemplifies Internet mediated dialogic education. When Eugene emailed Rupert with his initial (misunderstanding of Rupert's position about dialogic pedagogy Rupert felt really motivated to reply. Rupert was not simply motivated to refute Eugene and assert his correctness, although Rupert is sure such elements enter into every dialogue, but also to explore and to try to resolve the issues ignited by the talk in New Zealand. Through this extended dialogue Rupert's and Eugene's positions become more nuanced and focussed. Rupert brings out his concern with the long-term and collective nature of some dialogues claiming that the – "dialogue of humanity that education serves is bigger than the interests of particular students and particular teachers.…" – and so he argues that it is often reasonable to induct students into the dialogue so far so that they can participate fully. On the other hand, Eugene's view of dialogue seems more focussed on personal responsibility, particular individual desires, interests and positions, individual agency and answering the final ethical "damned questions" without an alibi-in-being.  Rupert claims that dialogic education is education FOR dialogue and Eugene claims that dialogic education is education AS dialogue. Both believe in education THROUGH dialogue but education through dialogue is not in itself dialogic education. For Rupert dialogic education can include ‘scaffolding’ for full participation in dialogue as long as dialogue is the aim. For Eugene dialogic education has to be a genuine dialogue and this means that a curriculum goal cannot be specified in advance because learning in a dialogue is always emergent and unpredictable. Our dialogue-disagreement is a relational and discursive experiment to develop a new genre of academic critical dialogue. The dialogue itself called to us and motivated us and flowed

Software for Preprocessing Data from Rocket-Engine Tests

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Chiu-Fu

2004-01-01

Three computer programs have been written to preprocess digitized outputs of sensors during rocket-engine tests at Stennis Space Center (SSC). The programs apply exclusively to the SSC E test-stand complex and utilize the SSC file format. The programs are the following: Engineering Units Generator (EUGEN) converts sensor-output-measurement data to engineering units. The inputs to EUGEN are raw binary test-data files, which include the voltage data, a list identifying the data channels, and time codes. EUGEN effects conversion by use of a file that contains calibration coefficients for each channel. QUICKLOOK enables immediate viewing of a few selected channels of data, in contradistinction to viewing only after post-test processing (which can take 30 minutes to several hours depending on the number of channels and other test parameters) of data from all channels. QUICKLOOK converts the selected data into a form in which they can be plotted in engineering units by use of Winplot (a free graphing program written by Rick Paris). EUPLOT provides a quick means for looking at data files generated by EUGEN without the necessity of relying on the PV-WAVE based plotting software.

Rafał Becker: psychiatrist, eugenist, Zionist.

Science.gov (United States)

Marcinowski, Filip; Nasierowski, Tadeusz

2016-01-01

In the interwar period the eugenic ideas gained the status of a scientific theory and become attractive to a wide range of physicians. Among them were doctors of Jewish origin who perceived eugenics as a tool in the fight for biological rebirth of the Jewish nation. Polish-Jewish psychiatrist Raphael Becker (1891-1939?), the author of dozens of scientific papers, was the most famous eugenist among Jewish psychiatrists, not only in Poland but also in Europe. After graduation in medicine at the University in Zurich and training in the psychiatry clinic Burghölzli under the guidance of Eugen Bleuler, Rafał Becker became interested in the question of epidemiology of mental disorders among the Jews. In the interwar period, dealing with the statistics of mental disorders among Polish Jews, and directing a psychiatric hospital "Zofiówka" in Otwock, he significantly contributed to the development of medical care for the mentally ill Jews in Poland. Becker's scientific ideas were greatly influenced by the work of Alfred Adler and Ernst Kretschmer. The article presents the life and scientific achievements of Becker, with particular emphasis on his views on eugenics.

Eugene de Kock

African Journals Online (AJOL)

8 Apr 2016 ... is 'n prentjie wat Hollywood gereeld aan ons opdis. Die waarheid is dat die mense wat namens die staat afskuwelike dade pleeg, heel normaal en soms selfs vervelig voorkom. Dit staan in sterk kon- tras met hul vergrype, wat definitief nie normaal of vervelig voorkom nie maar daadwerklik immoreel was.

Sexological deliberation and social engineering: Albert Moll and the sterilisation debate in late imperial and Weimar Germany.

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, Thomas

2012-04-01

The physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social engineering, by eugenic interventions into human life in general, as well as into reproductive hygiene and healthcare policy in particular. One of the main sexological topics that were discussed intensively during the late-Wilhelminian German Reich and the Weimar Republic was the question of the legalisation of voluntary and compulsory sterilisations on the basis of medical, social, eugenic, economic or criminological indications. As is clear from Moll's conservative principles of medical ethics, and his conviction that the genetic knowledge required for eugenically indicated sterilisations was not yet sufficiently elaborated, he had doubts and worries about colleagues who were exceedingly zealous about these surgical sterilisations--especially Gustav Boeters from Saxony.

Documentation and Analysis of the ’Miscellaneous’ Account Category within the DoD Instruction 7220.29-H Depot Level Maintenance Cost Accounting System.

Science.gov (United States)

1984-12-01

34MISCELLANEOUS" ACCOUNT CATEGORY WITHIN THE DOD INSTRUCTION 7220.29-H DEPOT LEVEL MAINTENANCE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM by a. Steven Eugene Lehr CDecember 1984...PERFORMING ONG. REPORT NUMBER Maintenance Cost Accounting System 7. AUTHOR(&) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(@) Steven Eugene Lehr 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Availability Codes IS. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse *ids It necessary and Identify by block number) Dvi Special Uniform Cost Accounting System DoD

L’influence de l’eugénisme galtonien dans la pensée de Joseph Alois Schumpeter The Influence of Eugenics in Joseph Alois Schumpeter’s theory

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Fabrice Dannequin

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Dans sa théorie du capitalisme, Joseph Alois Schumpeter mobilise l’eugénique, notamment les travaux de Francis Galton. Ce dernier a élaboré une vision hiérarchisée et héréditariste des hommes. Il l’a notamment appliquée à la question de la pauvreté en reprenant les données empiriques de Charles Booth. Schumpeter reprend ces éléments comme socle de l’explication de l’inégalité sociale et dans la construction de sa théorie de l’entrepreneuriat. Les entrepreneurs constituent une élite se démarquant de la masse, en engendrant l’évolution de la société du fait de leurs talents innés. Le capitalisme ne peut déboucher sur la disparition totale de la pauvreté. En effet, les individus biologiquement moins « dotés » sont condamnés à rester au bas de l’échelle sociale.In his theory about capitalism, Joseph Alois Schumpeter uses eugenics, and especially Francis Galton’s work. The former has conceived a hierarchized vision of society, and a hereditary vision of the transmission of talents. He notably applied it to the question of poverty by using Charles Booth’s empirical data. Schumpeter uses these elements both as an explanation of social inequality and as a basis of his theory of entrepreneurship. To him, the entrepreneurs are an elite standing out against the masses since they have the innate talents to generate evolution. Capitalism cannot totally eradicate poverty. Indeed, the least biologically gifted are bound to remain at the bottom of the social ladder.

Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference (38th) Held at Monterey, California on 15-18 October 1985. Program and Abstracts.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-10-18

al and CB- 8 PLASMA-SHEATH STRUCTURE FOR AN t GM ELECTRODE CONTACTING AN ISOTHERMAL CA-17 SYNCHROTRON STUDIES OF COLLISION PLASMA: I. FORMULATION AND...77, 817 (1982). 25 S.2’ CA CA-17 Synchrotron Studies of Collision Induced Absorp- tion and Emission in 12 and IC. D. C. LORENTS, AND R. L. SHARPLESS...Aiken June 1954 Gardner, Milton Eugene June 1937 Huber, Elsa Louise June 1954 Bowls, Noodford Eugene Nov. 1937 Maunsell. Charles Dudley Jan. 1955 Chapman

Concept de l'autisme bleulérien dans la logique freudienne de l'aliénation et de la séparation

OpenAIRE

Gailis , Janis

2010-01-01

"Autism is more or less the same thing Freud called auto-eroticism" - this is what Paul Eugen Bleuler writes in his fundamental work "Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias". However, if we take a closer look at other definitions of autism, offered by Bleuler, works, on which he relied in his proceedings, as well as Sigmund Freud's texts, he wrote, to answer Paul Eugen Bleuler, we can find that this remark about substituting auto-eroticism with autism, avoiding any mention of sexuali...

The Life and Work of Dr. Beadie Eugene Conner: An African American Physician in Jim Crow Texas.

Science.gov (United States)

Volanto, Keith

2012-01-01

[[On a bright, sunny day in late May 1980, commencement exercises were underway at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. More than 250 physicians, dentists, nurses, candidates in health administration, dental hygienists, and medical technicians prepared to receive their certifications from the second-oldest historically black medical school in the country. Wearing a brown gabardine suit, Dr. Beadie Eugene Conner prepared to be called up to the podium along with some former classmates of Meharry’s class of 1930 to receive a plaque commemorating fifty years of public service. As he made his way up to the podium, tears began to well up in his eyes as he thought about his mother who would be so proud of him, his deceased wife, Willie Ruel, their daughter, Georgia, and the many years that had passed since he received his medical degree. The event contributed to the retired doctor’s desire to write an autobiography. Though never completed, rough drafts of the manuscript’s early chapters (along with other existing personal documents) provide an invaluable window into the interesting life of an important African American physician in twentieth-century Texas.1 The Conner family’s emphasis on education started long before Beadie was born. The earliest relatives of Dr. Conner so far identified are William Conner and Rachel Sterling Conner of Blount County, in eastern Tennessee. Family records indicate that William was born a slave in Knox County, Tennessee, sometime in 1814. He had already purchased his freedom by 1843 when he married Rachel Sterling, a woman born in 1829 into a free black family. William and Rachel lived on a Blount County farm through the Civil War years, raising six boys and one girl. Beadie Conner’s father, David Alexander Conner, was the fourth oldest son, born in 1859. After William died in 1866, Rachel moved the family to Louisville (a community in Blount County not to be confused with the city in Kentucky), where she kept house

Fome, eugenia e constituição do campo da nutrição em Pernambuco: uma análise de Gilberto Freyre, Josué de Castro e Nelson Chaves Starvation, eugenics and the development of nutrition in Pernambuco according to Gilberto Freire's, Josué de Castro's and Nelson Chaves' analyses

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Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos

2001-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a contribuição dos estudos de Gilberto Freyre, Josué de Castro e Nelson Chaves, produzidos nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, para o processo de constituição do campo da nutrição em Pernambuco. O estudo procura demonstrar que as temáticas fome e eugenia constituem as categorias centrais que expressam os pontos de tensão e de comunhão das abordagens desses autores pernambucanos, pelo estatuto científico nesse campo do conhecimento.The purpose of this article is to examine the contribution of the studies Gilberto Freyre, Josué de Castro and Nelson Chaves produced for the development of the Pernambuco nutrition field, from 1930 to 1940. The article attempts to demonstrate that both subjects - starvation and eugenics - are the central categories that express tension and communion in these three authors' approaches to this field of knowledge.

El pensamiento eugénico de Marañón

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Ferrándiz, Alejandra

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Athough eugenic ideas were by no means alien to Spanish thought before the 20th century, it is only by the end of the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s that the first steps towards an institutionalization of Eugenics in Spain were actually taken. In this period, Dr. Marañón produced a number of interesting writings, mostly of a minor or occasional nature, on Eugenic subjects. Marañón was by then one of the leading intellectuals of his generation. His great reputation as a physician and as a man of science was only equal to his wide acknowledgement as a writer on general social issues, which makes his contribution to Eugenics particularly significant. In spite of the attention always paid by Marañón to Eugenic issues, he never published a proper treatise on the subject. His views must therefore be gathered from very scattered sources. The aim of this paper is to accomplish such a task, and thus draw an outline of Marañón's eugenic program by emphasizing those aspects (biological, economic, political, educational and moral he mainly dealt with. It is there thereby sought to unearth a key contribution to the development of eugenic ideas in early 20th century.

A finales de 1920 y comienzos de 1930 tiene lugar uno de los primeros intentos de institucionalización de la Eugenesia en España. Son éstos también los años en que Marañón, por entonces una de las figuras públicas de mayor relieve y prestigio de todo el país, escribe sobre el tema. Su gran reputación no sólo como médico y hombre de ciencia, sino también como escritor y conferenciante sobre asuntos de amplio alcance social, dotó a sus escritos de una eficacia divulgadora incomparable, lo que hace enormemente significativa su defensa del ideal eugénico. A pesar de la importancia que atribuyó siempre a la Eugenesia, Marañón no llegó a escribir nunca un tratado sobre el tema. Pero los escritos dispersos en que se ocupa de él contienen ideas que, a nuestro

Biología, medicina y eugenesia en Uruguay

OpenAIRE

Barrán, Juan Pedro

1999-01-01

In this work are analyzed the deep relationships between biology, medicine and society that were settled down in the Uruguay along the XIX century as well as the process of «medicalization» and «biologization» of the social thought that take place along the first decades of the XX century, and the role that played the eugenic ideas and defenders of eugenics in that process.

En este trabajo se analizan las profundas relaciones entre biología, medicina y sociedad que se estab...

Eugenesia en Buenos Aires: discursos, prácticas, historiografía

OpenAIRE

Armus, Diego

2016-01-01

Resumen En la década de 1990, algunos estudios subrayaron la dominante presencia de la eugenesia positiva en la Argentina moderna. Enfatizaban en el lugar marginal que en los discursos eugenésicos tuvieron los violentos métodos de selección. En los últimos años esta perspectiva ha sido revisada, señalando la viscosidad conceptual de la eugenesia y la presencia de discursos eugenésicos negativos. Este artículo comenta estos avatares historiográficos y también se detiene en las narrativas que e...

[History of population problems and their impact on daily lives: an interview with Ms. Haruko Hashimoto, an experienced midwife at Mitaka-shi. Interview by N. Yamashita].

Science.gov (United States)

Hashimoto, H

1981-03-01

A Japanese midwife offered firsthand information and personal observations concerning population problems from 1935 to the present time. In prewar Japan except for some upper class women birth control was not exercised among the ordinary public. At the beginning of World War II a woman who produced 12 children received an award. Birth control was not included in the curriculum for midwives at that time. Postwar baby boom reached its peak around 1948, when the government recognized the need and launched the Eugenic Protection Law. The Eugenic Protection Law was amended a year later and it approved of financial reasons for abortion. By 1952 eugenic counseling became a part of public health clinic duties, and abortion was legalized. 1,170,000 cases of abortion were performed in Japan around 1955. Since abortion is harmful for mothers, the government installed the program called "birth control instructor" as a part of amended eugenic protection law. A birth control instructor license was given to the trained midwives, public health nurses, and nurses. Not only the central government but also local governments allocated funds for the family planning campaign. Around 1965 during the accelerated economic growth the government tried to change its position on family planning to encourage births to supply labor for the growing industries. Japanese people continued to limit their family size voluntarily for a better standard of living. Maternal/child Health Law was passed in 1965, and qualified midwives and public health nurses advocated and instructed family planning at the time of expectant mothers' and newborns' regular visits.

A Gift or a Waste? Quintavalle, Surplus Embryos and the Abortion Act 1967.

Science.gov (United States)

Cherkassky, Lisa

2017-07-01

The destruction of an embryo must be justified in law. This is to prevent frivolous wastage and to show the respect afforded by the Warnock Report (1984). For example, embryonic destruction during pregnancy is underpinned by the Abortion Act 1967, and embryonic destruction during fertility treatment is regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. However, following the appeal decision in R (Quintavalle) v Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (and Secretary of State for Health) [2005] 2 A.C. 561, embryos can now be created for a bone marrow tissue match to a sick sibling under the Human Fertility and Embryology Act 1990 according to the subjective desires of the mother. This opens the door to the first example of embryonic destruction on unique social-eugenic grounds with no clear lawful justification. It is argued that these embryos should be afforded a unique destruction provision under an amended version of section 1(1)(a) of the Abortion Act 1967 in light of their 'social-eugenic' nature. This would protect the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority from accusations of undercover eugenic practices and reinstate the respect shown towards embryos in law.

LA EXTENSIÓN DE LA EUGENESIA EN EL ÁMBITO SANITARIO ESPAÑOL A TRAVÉS DEL DIAGNÓSTICO PRENATAL

OpenAIRE

Esteban Rodríguez Martín

2012-01-01

La amplia implantación de estrategias de cribado o selección prenatal junto a leyes que amparan la destrucción de la vida humana antes del parto en todo el mundo, están dando lugar a un número creciente de abortos eugenésicos. En España, la ley 2/2010 de salud sexual y reproductiva e interrupción voluntaria de embarazo ha supuesto la liberalización del aborto eugenésico sin plazo límite. En concreto, las políticas sanitarias nacionales e internacionales de selección prenatal de Síndrome de Do...

Widing Technically the Virtue: Utopia and Moral Enhancement

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Francisco Martorell Campos

2017-02-01

Full Text Available This paper analyses the project of moral improving of the human being through the eugenics from the utopian view, connecting current works on moral enhancement with theoretical and literary works written in the XIXth and at the beginning of the XXth centuries that expressed the conviction that humanity improves, even morally, as a result of science and technology. Our thesis emphasizes the differences and similarities between the two paradigms that this aim has originated and, at the same time, it underlines the negative impacts that in our opinion certain eugenic assumptions have caused in the utopia.

Eugenesia y diagnóstico prenatal

OpenAIRE

González Salvat, Rosa María; González Labrador, Ignacio

2002-01-01

El uso del diagnóstico prenatal en la práctica de la genética médica ha hecho que se recuerden teorías eugenésicas. Se realizó una revisión histórica de este término y se relacionó con el uso del diagnóstico prenatal (DPN) y el aborto selectivo a la luz de los conocimientos bioéticos actuales. The use of the prenatal diagnosis in the practice of medical genetics has led us to remember eugenic theories. A historical review of this term was made and it was connected with the use of prenatal ...

Sex on the brain: the rise and fall of German sexual science.

Science.gov (United States)

Amidon, Kevin S

2008-06-01

Throughout the nineteenth century, German medical, scientific and legal scholars found themselves puzzled and engaged by the diverse forms of human sexuality. Psychiatrists like Richard von Krafft-Ebing who were interested in explaining deviance encountered scientifically trained advocates for emancipation like Magnus Hirschfeld, and the result was the new--if unstable--discipline of sexual science. Because they based arguments for social intervention on knowledge of nature and the body, the field's proponents--like the advocates of eugenics and racial hygiene--argued that they were biologists. After 1900, this mutual biological engagement of sexual science and eugenics revealed itself in overlapping debates between the proponents of both fields.

Laenuraha ja vabadus / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Lääne Elu 10. jaan. lk. 2, Kuulutaja 11. jaan. lk. 4, Koit 12. jaan. lk. 6, Võrumaa Teataja 15. jaan. lk. 2, Valgamaalane, Tartu Ekspress 17. jaan. lk. 2,6. Autori sõnul võib kollektiivne tarbimise vähenemine olla üpris mõjus hoob põhjendamatu kiirusega hindade kasvu peatamiseks

Kaks head uudisasja / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka:: Sakala 16. juuli lk. 2, Oma Saar 29. juuli lk. 5. . Autor selgitab sisemajanduse kogutoodangu ning elanike ostujõu mõistete erinevust ja põhjendab, miks neid kahte näitajat ei saa omavahel võrrelda, samuti kritiseerib poliitikute suhtumist SKP-sse kui üksnes kvantitatiivsesse näitajasse

Comparison and Analysis of Instruments Measuring Plane-of-Array Irradiance for One-Axis Tracking Systems: Preprint

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dooraghi, Michael R [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Sengupta, Manajit [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Vignola, Frank [University of Oregon; Chiu, Chun-Yun [University of Oregon; Peterson, Josh [University of Oregon

2018-04-12

A variety of sensors are studied on a one-axis tracking surface and a horizontal surface in Golden, Colorado, and Eugene, Oregon. This is the first year of a long-term study that will look at not only a comparison between the instruments but also the longer-term degradation in calibration and/or performance. Initially, results from each location will be analyzed, and then results will be compared and contrasted between the two locations. A quick comparison at Eugene indicates that reference solar cells seem to compare better against a secondary standard pyranometer on a one-axis tracker than photodiode-based pyranometers. More study is needed to characterize and confirm this finding.

Habermas, ética da espécie e seus críticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles Feldhaus

2007-12-01

Full Text Available This works intends to reconstruct the Habermasian argumentative strategy concerning liberal eugenics, human cloning, research with embryos and genetic diagnostic main criticisms against it.

Pedigrees, propaganda, and paranoia: family studies in a historical context.

Science.gov (United States)

Lombardo, P A

2001-01-01

This article reviews the uses of family studies carried out in the early 20th century under the banner of eugenics, a companion discipline to early genetics. It explores how, in an attempt to analyze and quantify purportedly biologic bases of social problems, the eugenicists constructed pedigree charts of notoriously "defective" families. Investigation of individuals with suspect traits formed the basis for instruction of field workers who linked those traits to larger groups. The resulting eugenic family studies provided a "scientific" face for a popular hereditarian mythology that claimed to explain all social failure in systematic terms. The eugenicists were successful in fueling public fear about the growing "army of idiots and imbeciles" graphically depicted in their pedigree charts. Their success was the result of a finely crafted educational program--propaganda that reduced science to simplistic terms. The tendency to oversimplify concepts of genetic causation and the rush to amplify the significance of research findings through the popular media is also apparent today. What begins as publicity has the potential to be transformed into propaganda. Although many in the scientific community are understandably reluctant to revisit the abuses of the past, that community must confront the history of eugenics as a necessary antidote to the genetic hype that surrounds us.

Etika lidského vylepšování a liberální eugenika

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hříbek, Tomáš

2014-01-01

Roč. 62, č. 6 (2014), s. 847-861 ISSN 0015-1831 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : bioconservatism * bioradicalism * liberal eugenics * transhumanism * enhancement Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Israel, Palestine and the ICC - territory uncharted but not unknown / Yael Ronen

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ronen, Yael

2014-01-01

Palestiina pöördumisest Rahvusvahelisse Kriminaalkohtusse ja vaidlused Iisraeli asundustest läänekaldal. Palestiina ja Iisraeli piiriküsimused. Vastus Eugene Kontorovichi artiklile numbris 2013, 5

Strategy to improve the burden of gestational diabetes in African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Strategy to improve the burden of gestational diabetes in African women: Rwandan perspective. Herbert T. Mapira, David K. Tumusiime, Kevin Yarasheski, Nadine Rujeni, Todd W. Cade, Eugene Mutimura ...

Nõela all : Igakuine vinüülitutvustus / DJ Drummie

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

DJ Drummie

1999-01-01

Uute plaatide The Blacktonez "Flying High", Francie Valentine feat. mandingo "Merangada", Blak Beat Niks "Do You Want Me", East West Connection feat. eugene "Hideaway" Bridges "The More I Get" tutvustus

Assimilation and Cultural Pluralism in American Social Thought.

Science.gov (United States)

Wacker, R. Fred

1979-01-01

Discusses the philosophies of assimilationist liberalism and cultural pluralism as they emerged between 1900 and 1925 in opposition to social Darwinism and the immigration restriction, eugenics, and Americanization movements. (GC)

Orelimuusika Eliisabetis ja Häädemeestel / Silja Joon

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Joon, Silja, 1966-

2007-01-01

Kontserdist "Fantasticus" (esinemas organist Ines Maidre ja viiuliduett Eugen ja Ingmar Simson-Valtin) 11. aug. Häädemeeste kirikus ja ameerika organisti James David Christie kontserdist 12. aug. Pärnu Eliisabeti kirikus

How a network of conservationists and population control activists created the contemporary US anti-immigration movement.

Science.gov (United States)

Normandin, Sebastian; Valles, Sean A

2015-06-01

Continuing historical narratives of the early twentieth century nexus of conservationism, eugenics, and nativism (exemplified by Madison Grant), this paper traces the history of the contemporary US anti-immigration movement's roots in environmentalism and global population control activism, through an exploration of the thoughts and activities of the activist, John Tanton, who has been called "the most influential unknown man in America." We explore the "neo-Malthusian" ideas that sparked a seminal moment for population control advocacy in the late 1960s and early 1970s, leading to the creation of Zero Population Growth (ZPG). After rising to the presidency of ZPG, Tanton, and ZPG spun off the Federation for American Immigration Reform. After leaving ZPG's leadership, Tanton created additional anti-immigration advocacy groups and built up connections with existing organizations such as the Pioneer Fund. We trace Tanton's increasingly radical conservative network of anti-immigration advocates, conservationists, and population control activists to the present day. Tanton's archived papers illustrate, among other things, his interactions with collaborators such as ecologist Garrett Hardin (author of the famous "Tragedy of the Commons") and his documented interest in reviving eugenics. We contend that this history of Tanton's network provides key insights into understanding how there came to be an overlap between the ideologies and activist communities of immigration restrictionism, population control, conservationism and eugenics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 4622 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-28

.... Bauer, Michael P. Berger, William D. Blosch, Michael Bohlen, Bradley N. Brown, Victor M. Brunner, Tom L..., Eugene G. Friedman, Edward L. Gilbert, Donald W. Hansen, Joseph S. Hernandez, Corrine J. Hoffman, Robert...

Physician Assistant profession (PA)

Science.gov (United States)

... training program was founded in 1965 at Duke University by Dr. Eugene Stead. Most programs require applicants ... year 2020. The first PA students were mostly military medics. They were able to expand on the ...

Apollo 10 astronauts in space suits in front of Command Module

Science.gov (United States)

1968-01-01

Three astronauts named as the prime crew of the Apollo 10 space mission. Left to right, are Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot; John W. Young, command module pilot; and Thomas P. Stafford, commander.

Peter Konwitschny, Opera and Theatre Director Shaping the Profile of the Bratislava Opera of a New Millennium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mojžišová Michaela

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The paper examines the work of the acclaimed German opera and theatre director Peter Konwitschny at the Opera of the Slovak National Theatre. The authoress bases herself on an analysis of the productions of Eugen Onegin (2005 [Eugene Onegin], by Tchaikovsky, Puccini’s Madama Butterfly (2007 and Bohéma (2013 [La bohème], Janáček‘s Vec Makropulos (2015 [The Makropulos Affair], and Halévy‘s Židovka (2017 [La Juive], all of which, save for Janáček‘s opera, the Opera of the Slovak National Theatre has borrowed from foreign theatre scenes. The authoress makes a stocklist of the basic principles of Konwitschny’s direction signature and his contribution to theatre production, as well as to the artistic ensemble of the Bratislava Opera.

Riigieelarve eesmärgid / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Põhjarannik, Meie Maa 3. sept. lk. 2, Severnoje Poberezhje 4. sept., lk. 2, Koit 4. sept. lk. 6, Harju Ekspress 5. sept. lk. 6, Võrumaa Teataja 6. sept. lk. 2, Vooremaa 11. sept., lk. 2, Lõunaleht 11. sept. lk. 4. Autori nägemus riigi eelarvepoliitika kujundamisest

Poliitiline monopol vajab reformimist / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Sakala 24. sept. lk. 2, Nädaline 25. sept. lk. 4. Autori sõnul seisavad Eesti parteid rahvast kaugel, muuta tuleks erakondade rahastamissüsteemi ning rahvas peaks avalikult rääkima ühiskonnakorralduse puudustest

Alustama peab tulubaasi reformimisest / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Autori sõnul seostub haldusreform eelkõige omavalitsusüksuste arvu vähendamisega, seda, et reformimist vajab riigi haldusstruktuur tervikuna, teadvustatakse vähem. Ilmunud ka Meie Maa 7. okt. lk. 2; Lääne Elu 9. okt. lk. 2; Harju Ekspress 10. okt. lk. 6; Nädaline 14. okt. lk. 4; Põhjarannik 15. okt. lk. 2; Kuulutaja 17. okt. lk. 4; Võrumaa Teataja 21. okt. lk. 2

Mida hakata peale maamaksuga? / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Maamaksu kehtestamisest. Ilmunud ka Põhjarannik 17. aprill 2008, lk. 4, pealkiri kujul: kodudelt maamaksu kogumine tuleb lõpetada ; Harju Ekspress 25. aprill 2008, lk. 6, pealkiri kujul: maamaksust...

Eugene Paul Wigner – A Tribute*

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

O ne of our last surviving links w ith the period of the creation .... interpretation and epistem ology raised by the standard interpretation ofquantum ... In the particular case of rotational sym m etry, the general ... T his is a very deep and subtle result,and a brief explanation w ould not be .... H e says: `I like to recall his question.

Obituary: Ronald Eugene Pitts, 1949-2008

Science.gov (United States)

MacConnell, D. Jack

2009-01-01

Ronald Pitts, systems engineer in the Commanding Branch of the Space Telescope Science Institute and long-time Computer Sciences Corporation employee, died suddenly of a stroke on 4 May 2008 at his home in Laurel, Maryland. He was a dedicated scientist-engineer, husband, father, volunteer, and cherished friend to many. Ron was born on 19 January 1949 in Tucson, Arizona, and was raised, along with his sister Suzanne, on his parents' turkey farm outside Tucson. He picked up practical knowledge from his father, Vernon, and became a competent amateur electrician and plumber, skills he kept honed and used throughout his life. His mother, Ruth (Stephens), was a nurse and taught him compassion and patience and encouraged his inquisitive mind. Ron attended public schools and enrolled at the University of Arizona, graduating with a B. S. in Astronomy in 1971. Being from a family of modest means, he put himself through school working summers and part-time at a large copper mine south of town. Ron enrolled in the graduate astronomy program at the Ohio State University [OSU] in the fall of 1971 where he was a first-year fellowship student. During his second and third years, he was the Perkins Assistant, taking spectra for the very exacting but appreciative Philip Keenan who once remarked to another faculty member that Ron was the best observer he ever had. Later, in 1980, Ron was co-author with Keenan on "Revised MK Spectral Types for G, K, and M stars" and again in 1985 in a study of supergiants in open clusters. He met his future wife, Patricia Moore, also a graduate student in the department, and they were wed in 1973. Ron was also partially supported during his early OSU years by an NSF grant to Robert Wing, writing parts of Wing's photometric reduction code and observing on the program at Kitt Peak and Flagstaff in the summer of 1974. Wing remembers him as being very competent and pleasant to work with. Ron's thesis topic was "Oscillator Strengths for Neutral Iron and Silicon" under the direction of Gerald Newsom, and he was awarded the PhD in 1979. Newson recalls his facility with instrumentation, designing new circuitry to solve problems with the shock tube and ferreting out sources of systematic errors, and that it was enjoyable to work with him. In the fall of 1979, Ron went to Ball State University where he taught undergraduate astronomy classes for four years. In the summer of 1983, Ron left academia for the position of IUE Resident Astronomer with Computer Sciences Corporation [CSC] at the Goddard Space Flight Center where he joined a small contingent of other Ohio State graduates. For the next eleven years, he supported guest observers, implemented work-arounds as the IUE gyroscopes failed, improved calibrations, and had several proposals accepted to obtain spectra of spectrophotometric standards and to observe upper-main-sequence stars in the Pleiades, a Per, and NGC 2244, work that he did with Nancy Remage Evans. Ron worked diligently on the software to combine the best IUE calibration with ground-based data of the hot cluster stars and to fit the temperature and gravity. He also became interested in advanced technology for lunar remote telescopes and co-authored several studies with Peter Chen and others. After their children were of school age, Ron's wife Pat also worked for CSC/IUE for part of this period. In October 1994, Ron transferred to the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, where he joined the science instrument commanding group under the direction of Vicki Balzano. His first task was helping to write the commanding software controlling the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph to be installed in HST in February 1997, and he became the in-house expert on the workings of this complex instrument, in particular on the details of the time-tag mode. In time, he became familiar with all the on-board instruments and oversaw the approval of the instrument commanding before the weekly HST command loads were distributed to the Goddard Space Flight Center for uploading to the telescope. In recent years, Ron participated in developing the onboard Javascript code for commanding the James Webb Space Telescope's Near-Infrared Spectrograph operations. He also helped write special commanding to support some activities to follow the final HST servicing mission. His "behind-the-scenes" contributions to IUE, HST, and JWST helped and will help astronomers around the world obtain their data. Ron seemed knowledgeable about almost any subject and could talk engagingly and at length on politics, economics, a variety of technical topics, the history of the early Church, and science fiction, among others. He was one of those people who always appeared to be smiling. He, Pat, and their daughter Marie enjoyed singing in the Central Maryland Chorale, and he served his church as an elder, Sunday-school teacher, and choir member. Ron sat on various church committees, set up and maintained the computers, and devoted many hours to the upkeep of the building. After Hurricane Katrina, he went on two mission trips with church members to help victims in Mississippi. Once again, his carpentry, electrical, and plumbing skills made him a valuable team member. Ron is survived by his wife, Pat, a cartographer at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, their son Mark, a graduate student in astronomy at the University of Hawaii, and their daughter Marie, a graduate student in biology at the University of Maryland.

Eugene Paul Wigner – A Tribute*

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

, w hen a tall, slender young m an entered the dining room , looked at ..... an approxim ate,not an exact,consequence ofquantum m echanics;so departures .... w ith the SU (4) superm ultiplet theory to system atize the low -lying energy levels.

77 FR 72873 - Notice of Revocation of Customs Broker Licenses

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-06

... 17091 New York. Levine Seth A 09759 New York. Walsh John X 03979 New York. Palmieri Eugene D 02632 New.... Galik Jane M 10357 Philadelphia. D'Amico Lenore Anne 15093 Philadelphia. Frederick Ted D 10654...

Effectiveness of shortcourse quinine and singledose ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effectiveness of shortcourse quinine and singledose sulfadoxinepyrimethamine in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Eugene Athan, David N. Dürrheim, Karen Barnes, Nicros M. Mngomezulu, Aaron Mabuza, John Govere ...

This article discusses the programming language LISP. The ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

IAS Admin

LISP is fundamentally a functional language inspired by the lambda ... of most programming languages in one form or another. ..... Java and C++ in significant ways. ... [8]. Eugene Charniak, Christopher K Riesbeck, Drew V McDermott, and.

Astronaut John Young in Command Module Simulator during Apollo Simulation

Science.gov (United States)

1968-01-01

Astronaut John W. Young, command module pilot, inside the Command Module Simulator in bldg 5 during an Apollo Simulation. Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, commander and Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot are out of the view.

Three astronauts inside Command Module Simulator during Apollo Simulation

Science.gov (United States)

1968-01-01

Three astronauts inside the Command Module Simulator in bldg 5 during an Apollo Simulation. Left to right are Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, commander; John W. Young, command module pilot; and Eugene A. Cernan, lunar module pilot.

[Juzhnoselkupskij slovar N. P. Grigorovskogo] / Ago Künnap

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Künnap, Ago, 1941-

2007-01-01

Juzhnoselkupskij slovar N. P. Grigorovskogo. Obrabotka i izdanie Jevgenija Helimskogo. Südselkupisches Wörterbuch von N. P. Grigorovski. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Eugen Helimski, Hamburg 2007. (Hamburger Sibirische Finnougrische Materialien. Habent Sua Fata Manuscripta. Band 4)

Translational selection in human: More pronounced in housekeeping genes

KAUST Repository

Ma, Lina; Cui, Peng; Zhu, Jiang; Zhang, Zhihua; Zhang, Zhang

2014-01-01

by Yuan Yuan, Baylor College of Medicine; Han Liang, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (nominated by Dr Laura Landweber) Eugene Koonin, NCBI, NLM, NIH, United States of America Sandor Pongor, International Centre for Genetic Engineering

77 FR 52042 - Center For Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-28

...: September 27-28, 2012. Time: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications. Place: Ritz Carlton Hotel, 1150 22nd Street NW., Washington, DC 20037. Contact Person: Eugene Carstea, Ph.D...

Urmas Sõõrumaa avas Kohilas näituse / Inge Põlma

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Põlma, Inge

2009-01-01

Näitus Urmas Sõõrumaa kunstikogust pärit Eestimaaga seotud 19. sajandi kunstnike - Lorenz-Heinrich Petersen, Wilhelm Siegfried Stavenhagen, Eugen Gustav Dücker - graafikast, akvarellidest ja maalidest Kohila vallamajas 21. aprillist 22. juunini. Kuraator Marion Tupits

LBS Management Review - Vol 5, No 2 (2000)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Upgrading your Quality Management System to ISO 9000 Standards · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Eugene Okolie, 73-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/lbsmr.v5i2.24448 ...

twentieth-century english bible translations 1. introduction

African Journals Online (AJOL)

fashioned vocabulary and .... somewhat traditional translation in terms of translation theory. This ... the focus is to make the original meaning accessible to its readers. Eugene A. .... Old Testament translation and on the Nestle-Aland 25th edition of the.

Satire and Utopian Vision in Hugo, Dickens, and Zamiatin.

Science.gov (United States)

Grossman, Kathryn M.

1985-01-01

Examines Victor Hugo's "Ninety-three," Charles Dickens'"Tale of Two Cities," and Eugene Zamiatin's "We" as examples of romantic satire, considering in each work the quest motif, the oedipal themes, the dystopian vision, and the role of love. (AYC)

Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Community Redevelopment Plan

Science.gov (United States)

1993-01-01

Chairperson Economic Development: Harold Tadlock Bill Benson Don Leonard Craig Wall Education & Training: Kent Sharples , Chairperson Dick Rosen Doug...Airport: Ralph Panzrino. Chairperson Mike Leahy Betty Martin Eugene Dorman, Chairperson Jessie Ward Donald Hardee Gene Stroman Bill Brown David

Rand National Security Division Annual Report 2006

Science.gov (United States)

2007-01-01

Infrastructure and development will depend on the ability of the intervening authorities and the host government to control inflation and finance ...Partner, Perkins Coie LLP Eugene Rosenfeld President, ForestLane Group Lenny Sands President & CEO, Alchemy Worldwide, LLC Michael J. Shockro

Acceptance of genetic testing in a general population

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aro, A R; Hakonen, A; Hietala, M

1997-01-01

in favour of mandatory genetic testing than other respondents. Respondents with university education were more critical towards genetic testing and expressed their worry about eugenics more often than other education groups. In conclusion, there are age, education and gender related differences...

International Journal of Arts and Humanities(IJAH) Ethiopia

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nneka Umera-Okeke

Clearly, the domination of women is the most fundamental form of female subjugation ..... As a widow and the single-parent of three, Ifeoma struggles to cater for ... Eugene's death, her dignity, freedom and security, and that of her children are ...

Can Man Control His Biological Evolution? A Symposium on Genetic Engineering. Xeroxing Human Beings

Science.gov (United States)

Freund, Paul A.

1972-01-01

If the aim of new research is to improve the genetic inheritance of future generations, then decisions regarding who should decide what research should be done needs to be established. Positive and negative eugenics need to be considered thoroughly. (PS)

Herbert Johansoni eeskujulikud koolimajad / Mait Väljas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Väljas, Mait

2010-01-01

Eesti arhitektuurimuuseumis eksponeeritava Herbert Johansoni (1884–1964) ja Eugen Habermanni (1884–1944) juubelinäituse taustal on kohane rääkida koolimajadest. Johansoni kontol on suur osa Tallinna sõdadevahelistest koolimajadest, kaks lasteaeda ja üks kutsekool

CODE: EB10

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Philippe

2011-08-31

Aug 31, 2011 ... ... requirements were quickly established, schedules (for submission, peer ... and organizational culture. ... He probes the use of the three languages in both teaching and regular communications, questioning ... Eugene Nsanzabiga seems to share the same school of thoughts with his colleague Cyprien.

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

predator, respectively, r is the position, t is the time and D is the diffusion coefficient ..... To overcome these difficulties, we consider a modified definition of the ...... Fisher R A 1937 The wave of advance of advantageous genes;. Ann. Eugenics 7 ...

Biología, medicina y eugenesia en Uruguay

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barrán, Juan Pedro

1999-12-01

Full Text Available In this work are analyzed the deep relationships between biology, medicine and society that were settled down in the Uruguay along the XIX century as well as the process of «medicalization» and «biologization» of the social thought that take place along the first decades of the XX century, and the role that played the eugenic ideas and defenders of eugenics in that process.

En este trabajo se analizan las profundas relaciones entre biología, medicina y sociedad que se establecieron en el Uruguay a lo largo del siglo XIX así como el proceso de medicalización y biologización del pensamiento social que se produce a lo largo de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, y el papel que jugaron en ese proceso las ideas eugénicas y los defensores de la eugenesia.

Giuseppe Sergi. The portrait of a positivist scientist.

Science.gov (United States)

Cerro, Giovanni

2017-12-30

Giuseppe Sergi (1841-1936) was one of the most important anthropologists and psychologists of the age of positivism and this article focuses on three domains of his scientific research: degeneration, eugenics and race. His concept of degeneration is defined as the development of special forms of human adaptation to the environment. This issue is closely related to his theory of the "stratification of character", which had a profound impact on Italian psychiatry and criminal anthropology in the late nineteenth century. Thus, special emphasis is placed on the differences between Sergi and Cesare Lombroso regarding their definitions of criminality and genius. Concerning eugenics, the article analyzes Sergi's key role in the Italian context, discussing his eugenic program based on both repression and education. His remedies against the spread of degeneration included not only radical and repressive measures, but also the improvement of popular education and the living conditions of the working class. In the field of physical anthropology, the article examines Sergi's morphological method of classifying ethnic groups. Although sharply criticized in Italy and abroad, this method had two major effects. First, it led to the definitive split between Sergi and Paolo Mantegazza and to the foundation of the Societá Romana di Antropologia in 1893. Second, it was the starting point for Sergi's theory of Mediterranean "stock", which claimed that European populations were of African origin in contrast to contemporary theories of Aryan supremacy. The article ends with a look at the heated debate over Sergi's Mediterraneanism during the period of Fascism.

Fama on bubbles

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Engsted, Tom

Eugene Fama has repeatedly expressed his discontent with the notion of an irrational bubble. However, he has never publicly expressed his opinion on rational bubbles. This is peculiar since such bubbles build naturally from the rational efficient markets paradigm that Fama strongly adheres to...

76 FR 36147 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-21

.... Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District, Prineville, OR and University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, Eugene, OR AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District has completed an inventory of human...

A Reformist-Feminist Approach to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

2011-05-20

May 20, 2011 ... alone. It is a worldwide phenomenon that women have had to grapple with in the last few .... hands of Eugene yet she never tells anyone. The only ... fast…the Eucharist fast mandated that the faithful not eat solid food an hour.

Oppression and Revolt in Chimamanda Adichie's Purple Hibiscus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper examines the oppressive practice of Chimamanda Adichie's character – Eugene in Purple Hibiscus on members of his nuclear family. This oppression endangers normal familial relationship as the oppressed view their oppression as an infringement on their fundamental human rights. Therefore, they express ...

Tallinna kujunemine aastail 1918-1940 / Dmitri Bruns

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Bruns, Dmitri, 1929-

2004-01-01

Tallinna linnaehituse ajaline jaotus linnaarhitektide isikute kaudu. Eugen Habermann Tallinna linnaplaneerijana (1918-1923). 3 ill. Järg: nr. 10, lk. 74-76, nr. 11, lk. 74-76 "Arhitekt Anton Soansi valitsusaeg 1923-1928", nr. 12, lk. 49-51 "Tallinna linnaehituslik areng linnaarhitekt Soansi ajastul"

Q & A with Ed Tech Leaders: Interview with Brian Lewis

Science.gov (United States)

Shaughnessy, Michael F.; Fulgham, Susan M.

2013-01-01

Brian Lewis, International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) chief executive officer, is an education advocate and leader specializing in management and governance, policy, corporate communications, branding, and marketing. He provides leadership to ISTE's Washington, DC, and Eugene, Oregon, offices and directs organizational…

Synthesis of Bilayer Graphene on 90/10 Copper (Cu)/Nickel (Ni) Alloy and Transfer by Electrochemical Delamination

Science.gov (United States)

2017-09-01

by Eugene Zakar and Madan Dubey Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARL Robert Burke General Technical Services, LLC, Wall, NJ...isopropyl alcohol . The metal thin films deposited on SiO2/Si substrates were not cleaned prior to graphene growth. After cleaning, the samples were

Film Review Jerusalema (2008) | Hees | Journal of the Musical Arts ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Original Music: Alan Ari Lazar. Cast: Rapulana Seiphemo, Ronnie Nyakale, Jeffrey Zekele, Kenneth Nkosi, helley Meskin, Robert Hobbs, Eugene Khumbanyiwa, Jafta Mamabolo, Motlatsi Mahloko. Approx 120 min. Distributor: Next Video, Fountain Grove, 5 Second Street, Hyde Park. . Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa ...

Zur Tiefengrammatik des Lebens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Mueller

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Martin Müller untersucht eingehend die Rolle der technischen und medialen Dimensionen der Lebenswissenschaften und führt so anhand von Eugene Thackers Begriff der Biomedien vor Augen, dass auch Dinge und Materialitäten handlungstheoretisch gefasst werden können.

Romantikutest, armastusega ja ja halastuseta / Margit Tõnson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tõnson, Margit, 1978-

2010-01-01

Kolmest suvelavastusest: Tiit Palu dramatiseering Gustave Flaubert'i teosest "Madame Bovary" Endla teatris, Marcel Pagnoli "Tuulesaared", lavastaja Maria Peterson - Theatrum ja MTÜ Arhipelaag Hiiumaal Tahkuna tuletorni all ja Eugene O'Neilli "Iha jalakate all", lavastaja Roman Baskin, MTÜ Kell Kümme Kurgjal Jakobsoni talumuuseumis

Decompositions of Multiattribute Utility Functions Based on Convex Dependence.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-03-01

School of Business, 200E, BEB Decision Research University of Texas at Austin 1201 Oak Street Austin, Texas 78712 Eugene, Oregon 97401 Professor Norman ...Stephen M. Robinson Dept. of Industrial Engineering Dr. Richard D. Smallwood Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Applied Decision Analysis, Inc. 1513 University

"De pequenino é que se torce o pepino": a infância nos programas eugênicos da Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental "As the twig is bent, so is the tree inclined": children and the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental’s eugenic programs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Roberto Franco Reis

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo propõe-se a discutir as propostas de intervenção na problemática infantil apresentadas pela Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental (LBHM, instituição criada no começo da década de 1920 que reunia a elite da psiquiatria brasileira, mas também alguns médicos e intelectuais em geral. Fundada num momento de afirmação, no campo psiquiátrico, da perspectiva preventiva, a LBHM vai incorporar ao seu arsenal teórico os temas básicos da higiene mental e da eugenia, tendo em vista o seu objetivo maior de colaborar no "saneamento racial" brasileiro. Assim, é a partir desse objetivo e vendo na criança um "pré-cidadão", "peça fundamental do homem do futuro", que os psiquiatras da liga incluem a questão infantil nos seus projetos, passando a considerar imperiosa a necessidade de cuidados desde a mais tenra idade.Created in the early 1920s, at a moment when the country’s psychiatric field was embracing the preventive outlook, the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental included within its members the elite of Brazilian psychiatry, along with a number of physicians and intellectuals. The article discusses the institution’s proposals for intervention among children. The league ended up incorporating into its theoretical arsenal the basic themes of mental hygiene and eugenics as part of its general goal of collaborating in Brazil’s process of "racial sanitation". With this objective in mind, and viewing the child as a "pre-citizen" who is a "fundamental part within the man of the future", league members included the children’s issue in their projects and saw an imperative need for mental health care from early ages on.

Designer Babies: Eugenics Repackaged or Consumer Options?

Science.gov (United States)

Baird, Stephen L.

2007-01-01

"Designer babies" is a term used by journalists and commentators--not by scientists--to describe several different reproductive technologies. These technologies have one thing in common: they give parents more control over what their offspring will be like. Designer babies are made possible by progress in three fields: (1) Advanced…

Tabletitervishoid meid tervemaks ei tee / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2009-01-01

Autori hinnangul tuleks tervishoiu rahastamise aluseid muuta. Maksumäära langetamine koos omavastutusega mõjuks hinna ja kvaliteedi suhtele, muudaks teenindaja ja teenindatava suhted mõistetavamaks ning patsiendile vastuvõetavamaks

Riik ei ole inimeste hirmutamiseks / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Vooremaa 12. aug., lk. 2, Severnoje Poberezhje 12. aug., lk. 2, Koit 12. aug., lk. 6, Valgamaalane 12. aug. lk. 2, Põhjarannik 14. aug. lk. 4, Sakala 15. aug. lk. 2, Järva Teataja 21. aug. lk. 2, Harju Ekspress 22. aug. lk. 4, Nädaline 26. aug., lk. 4, Võrumaa Teataja 26. aug. lk. 2, Lääne Elu 4. sept. lk. 2. Autori sõnul parandab rahvale kõrgeima võimu andmine liigselt pingestunud inimsuhteid, muudab väärastunud väärtushinnanguid ning ta on veendunud, et praegune valimisseadus ja erakonnaseadus nullivad igasuguse demokraatia

Ärme tee majanduskasvust ebajumalat / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2011-01-01

Endine ettevõtja on seisukohal, et majanduskasvu saavutamine ei ole eesmärk omaette, rõõmu tuleks tunda üleüldisest ja tasakaalustatud arengust, riigi valitsemises tuleks abstraktsete näitajate kõrval näha ka inimest

On human self-domestication, psychiatry, and eugenics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brüne Martin

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract The hypothesis that anatomically modern homo sapiens could have undergone changes akin to those observed in domesticated animals has been contemplated in the biological sciences for at least 150 years. The idea had already plagued philosophers such as Rousseau, who considered the civilisation of man as going against human nature, and eventually "sparked over" to the medical sciences in the late 19th and early 20th century. At that time, human "self-domestication" appealed to psychiatry, because it served as a causal explanation for the alleged degeneration of the "erbgut" (genetic material of entire populations and the presumed increase of mental disorders. Consequently, Social Darwinists emphasised preventing procreation by people of "lower genetic value" and positively selecting favourable traits in others. Both tendencies culminated in euthanasia and breeding programs ("Lebensborn" during the Nazi regime in Germany. Whether or not domestication actually plays a role in some anatomical changes since the late Pleistocene period is, from a biological standpoint, contentious, and the currently resurrected debate depends, in part, on the definitional criteria applied. However, the example of human self-domestication may illustrate that scientific ideas, especially when dealing with human biology, are prone to misuse, particularly if "is" is confused with "ought", i.e., if moral principles are deduced from biological facts. Although such naturalistic fallacies appear to be banned, modern genetics may, at least in theory, pose similar ethical problems to medicine, including psychiatry. In times during which studies into the genetics of psychiatric disorders are scientifically more valued than studies into environmental causation of disorders (which is currently the case, the prospects of genetic therapy may be tempting to alter the human genome in patients, probably at costs that no-one can foresee. In the case of "self-domestication", it is proposed that human characteristics resembling domesticated traits in animals should be labelled "domestication-like", or better, objectively described as genuine adaptations to sedentism.

Liberal eugenics and human nature. Against Habermas.

Science.gov (United States)

Fenton, Elizabeth

2006-01-01

In the course of developing his arguments against making genetic enhancements to one's children, Habermas assumes that a clear line can be drawn between the natural and the manufactured. But given the current state of medical science, this is precisely what we can no longer take for granted.

Gclust Server: 103939 [Gclust Server

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 103939 PoTR_594761 Cluster Sequences Related Sequences(127) 273 eugene3.66280001 1 ...1.00e-60 14.29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Show 103939 Cluster ID 103939 Sequence ID PoTR_594761 Link to cluster seq

75 FR 82026 - Granting of Request for Early Termination of the Waiting Period Under the Premerger Notification...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-29

..., LLC. 20110313 G News Corporation. G Wireless Generation, Inc. G Wireless Generation, Inc. 08-DEC-10.... G Exxon Mobil Corporation. G Mobile Eugene Island Pipeline Company. G Exxon Mobil Pipeline Company. G Mobil Oil Exploration & Producing Southeast Inc. 20110256 G Humana Inc. G Welsh, Carson, Anderson...

Zarqawi’s Sfumato: Operational Art in Irregular Warfare

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-23

in Baghdad and Karbala during the Shia festival of Ashura in March of 2004.80 These attacks were preceded by the bombing of the Jordanian embassy...American contractors Nick Berg and Eugene Armstrong. Zarqawi released edited videos with music and logos detailing multiple suicide bombings against

Boekbespreking

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijden, van der Ruud

2001-01-01

H. Haeupler & T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart. 2000, 759 pag., >4000 kleurenfoto’s + detailtekeningen en -foto’s, ƒ 185, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4. Dit magistrale fotoboek overtreft de toch ook prachtige Flora Helvetica (zie Gorteria 22: 170).

"Outstanding Individuals Do Not Arise from Ancestrally Poor Stock": Racial Science and the Education of Black South Africans.

Science.gov (United States)

Appel, Stephen W.

1989-01-01

Examines the construction of racial scientific discourse within the milieu of an extremely racially segregated society. Traces the influence of capitalism, racism, Social Darwinism, eugenics, and "racial science" on the pedagogy of modern apartheid in South Africa. Finds evidence of pervasive effects of "scientific" ideas on…

Eugenesia en Buenos Aires: discursos, prácticas, historiografía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Armus

Full Text Available Resumen En la década de 1990, algunos estudios subrayaron la dominante presencia de la eugenesia positiva en la Argentina moderna. Enfatizaban en el lugar marginal que en los discursos eugenésicos tuvieron los violentos métodos de selección. En los últimos años esta perspectiva ha sido revisada, señalando la viscosidad conceptual de la eugenesia y la presencia de discursos eugenésicos negativos. Este artículo comenta estos avatares historiográficos y también se detiene en las narrativas que estas perspectivas han articulado respecto del problema de la esterilización y regulación del matrimonio de quienes padecían tuberculosis en Buenos Aires durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Con ese ejemplo se intenta remarcar la necesidad de tensionar discursos y prácticas en cualquier empeño por entender el pasado.

Toward economics as a new complex system

Science.gov (United States)

Kaizoji, Taisei

2016-12-01

The 2015 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller for their contributions to the empirical analysis of asset prices. Eugene Fama [J. Finance 25(2), 383 (1970)] is an advocate of the efficient market hypothesis. The efficient market hypothesis assumes that asset price is determined by using all available information and only reacts to new information not incorporated into the fundamentals. Thus, the movement of stock prices is unpredictable. Robert Shiller [ Irrational Exuberance (Princeton Univ. Press, 2015)] has been studying the existence of irrational bubbles, which are defined as the long term deviations of asset price from the fundamentals. This drives us to the unsettled question of how the market actually works. In this paper, I look back at the development of economics and consider the direction in which we should move in order to truly understand the workings of an economic society.

A perferct 'treatment-society'

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Niels Rosendal

2004-01-01

explanation. The second part is a view into Danish and German history on eugenics since the early 1930'es. Different policy, different goals - but similar effect: the nonentities were excluded. In the second part two modern theoreticians are used to give a better understanding: Zygmunt Bauman as partner...

Marking-Out Normalcy and Disability in Higher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Madriaga, Manuel; Hanson, Katie; Kay, Helen; Walker, Ann

2011-01-01

This article advocates for socially just pedagogies in higher education to challenge senses of normalcy that perpetuate elitist academic attitudes towards the inclusion of disabled students. Normalcy is equated here with an everyday eugenics, which heralds a non-disabled person without "defects", or impairments, as the ideal norm. This…

No Time for Nostalgia!: Asylum-Making, Medicalized Colonialism in British Columbia (1859-97) and Artistic Praxis for Social Transformation

Science.gov (United States)

Roman, Leslie G.; Brown, Sheena; Noble, Steven; Wainer, Rafael; Young, Alannah Earl

2009-01-01

This article asks: How have disability, indigenous arts and cultural praxis transformed and challenged the historical sociological archival research into relationships among asylum-making, medicalized colonialism and eugenics in the Woodlands School, formerly the Victoria Lunatic Asylum, the Provincial Asylum for the Insane in Victoria, BC 1859-72…

Investigation of Hydrophobic Concrete Additive for Seawall Replacement at Pililaau Army Recreation Center, Hawaii

Science.gov (United States)

2017-05-01

Eugene Arter – Engineering Technician, US Army Garrison Hawaii (USAP-PTA/DPW) The Commander of ERDC was COL Bryan S. Green , and the Director was...fully demonstrate and validate the technology. ERDC-CERL TR-17-10 22 References Herzberg, Eric F., Norman T. O’Meara, and Rebecca F. Stroh

Stress Management for Sport.

Science.gov (United States)

Zaichkowsky, Leonard D., Ed.; Sime, Wesley E., Ed.

Included in this volume are papers on stress management in athletics; eight of the ten papers are followed with a "Coach's Reaction": (1) "Competitive Athletic Stress Factors in Athletes and Coaches" (Walter Kroll); (2) "Mental Preparation for Peak Performance in Swimmers" (Eugene F. Gauron)--Coach's Reaction by Suzi…

Confronting Science: The Dilemma of Genetic Testing.

Science.gov (United States)

Zallen, Doris T.

1997-01-01

Considers the opportunities and ethical issues involved in genetic testing. Reviews the history of genetics from the first discoveries of Gregor Mendel, through the spurious pseudo-science of eugenics, and up to the discovery of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick. Explains how genetic tests are done. (MJP)

Discourses of Community

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sevelsted, Anders

The bulk of research on ‘illiberal policies’, including eugenic legislation, of the early and mid-20th century Europe and US holds that strong states and weak civil societies caused this legislation to be adopted. Similarly, civil society theory has held that ‘gardening’ states tend to encroach...

Human genetic issues from scientific and Islamic perspectives | Alwi ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper aims at revealing the Human Genome Project (HGP) and human genetic issues arising from science and Islamic perspectives such as Darwin's evolutionary theory, human cloning and eugenics. Finally, issues arising from the applications of human genetic technology need to be addressed to the best possible ...

Miscellaneous

NARCIS (Netherlands)

NN,

2002-01-01

CONSTANCE, LINCOLN (Eugene, OR, USA, 16 February 1909 — Berkeley, CA, USA, 11 June 2001) Foremost expert on Umbelliferae/Apiaceae systematics. His long and distinguished career began as a graduate student with Willis Linn Jepson in the 1930s. He was Curator of Seed Plants in the University Herbarium

Culture as Curriculum: Education and the International Expositions (1876-1904). History of Schools and Schooling. Volume 2

Science.gov (United States)

Provenzo, Eugene F., Jr.

2012-01-01

The great International Expositions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries brought together the world's political, intellectual, and industrial leaders for the exchange of information and ideas. They also promoted specific cultural values and belief systems. In this book, Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr. looks specifically at the educational…

934 Snippets of Physics

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Young to old inflorescences of a colour variant of the pernicious weed Lantana camara. Freshly opened flowers are yellow and change gradu- ally to orange, scarlet and magenta. See p.1003. Eugene Paul Wigner. (1902–1995). ( Illustration: Subhankar Biswas ). Front Cover. Back Cover. 931. Classroom. An Easily Con-.

Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Author Affiliations. Pier A Mello1 Eugene Kogan2. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México; Department of Physics, Minerva Center and Jack and Pearl Resnick Institute of Advanced Technology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel ...

75 FR 58413 - Center for Scientific Review; Notice of Closed Meetings

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-24

... evaluate grant applications. Place: The Ritz-Carlton, Washington DC, 1150 22nd Street, NW., Washington, DC... p.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications. Place: The Ritz-Carlton...Continental Hotel, 1401 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20004. Contact Person: Eugene Carstea, PhD...

The Unreasonable Ineffectiveness of Security Engineering: An Overview

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pavlovic, Dusko

2010-01-01

In his 1960 essay, Eugene Wigner raised the question of ‿the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in natural sciences‿. After several decades of security research, we are tempted to ask the opposite question: Are we not unreasonably ineffective? Why are we not more secure from all the security

Sõõrumaa avab homme galerii / Ants Juske

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Juske, Ants, 1956-2016

2009-01-01

17. detsembril avatakse Tallinnas Rotermanni kvartalis Roseni t. 8 Urmas Sõõrumaa eragalerii US Art Gallery avanäitus, kus on väljas 75 teost. Eksponeeritud Peet Areni, Ann Audova, Eugen Gustav Dückeri, Franz Gebhardti, Johannes Võerahansu, Eduard Wiiralti, Richard Uutmaa jpt. tööd

Hematological complications in obstetrics, pregnancy, and gynecology

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Bick, Rodger L

2006-01-01

... and, for each condition covered, the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory diagnosis and management are discussed where appropriate. Rodger Bick is Clinical Professor of Medicine and Pathology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Dallas, Texas, USA). Eugene Frenkel is Professor of Medicine at the Harold C. Simm...

Genome analysis methods: Theobroma cacao [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available Theobroma cacao ... 2n=20 ... 2011 Sanger (WGS), Roche/454 , Illumina 26 Gb 326 Mb 16.7x... Newbler 4,792 25,912 EUGene following specific training for T. cacao 28,798 CIRAD; http://cocoagendb.cirad.fr Dec2010 Dec2010 10.1038/ng.736 21186351 ...

Individual Difference Relations in Psychometric and Experimental Cognitive Tasks

Science.gov (United States)

1980-04-01

underrepresented in the factor-analytic and correlational studies done to date. One such process is what is commonly called encoding (the process REPFRM de...IL 61820 Eugene OR 97403 1 ERIC Facility-Acquisitions 1 Dr. Barbara Hayes-Roth 41833 Rugby Avenue The Rand Corporation Bethesda, VAD 20014 1700 Main

For Whom the Bell Curves: Old Texts, Mental Retardation, and the Persistent Argument.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, J. David

1995-01-01

A review of secondary education and college biology textbooks published from 1900 through 1950 finds strong support for eugenics and Social Darwinism. These attitudes are related to effects of such recent books as "The Bell Curve" (by R. Herrnstein and C. Murray) for people with mental retardation. (DB)

J. B. S. Haldane: an uncommon scientist

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

M. S. SWAMINATHAN

2017-11-24

Nov 24, 2017 ... considerable inbreeding prevailing in India among human communities, Haldane encouraged studies in the area of eugenics. His enthusiasm for scientific work was infectious and he gathered around him brilliant young geneticists like. K. Dronamraju. The last time I was with him was at the International.

La tardo-eugenesia en Argentina: un enfoque desde la longue durée

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miranda, Marisa A.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses Eugenics in Argentina, taking a long term view, exhuming historical continuities that survived over time while ignoring deep contextual changes. Thus, in reference to the history of science (of which the history of Eugenics forms a part we can identify longue duree as part of a transcendent cultural phenomenon. This persistence is motivated by the strength of its principles, enabling it to survive more or less unaffected by events occurring in the environment, which, from another perspective, would cause a reversal of the proposed thesis. This paradigmatic strength, which can also be understood as resistance, in biopolitical terms, has granted some immunity and that, in turn, has allowed Eugenics to produce its own antibodies even after the horrors of Nazism became known.Este trabajo analiza la eugenesia en Argentina desde un enfoque de larga duración, que, como tal, se mantuvo en el tiempo con cierta indiferencia a cambios contextuales profundos. Así, respecto a la historia de la ciencia (dentro de cuyo ámbito se incluye a la historia de la eugenesia puede identificarse esa larga duración como parte de un fenómeno cultural que subsistiera, más o menos incólume, ante eventos habidos en el entorno que, desde otra perspectiva, hubieran implicado un trastocamiento inevitable de la tesis propuesta. Esa fortaleza (o resistencia paradigmática es la que, leída en términos biopolíticos, le ha otorgado a la tardo eugenesia cierta inmunidad y que, a la vez, le ha permitido fabricar sus propios anticuerpos luego de conocidos los horrores del nazismo.

Putting the Teaching of American History and Civics Back in the Classroom. Hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate. One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session on Examining S. 504, To Establish Academies for Teachers and Students of American History and Civics and a National Alliance of Teachers of American History and Civics (April 10, 2003).

Science.gov (United States)

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Statements by the following individuals were given at this hearing and are presented in this document: Hon. Lamar Alexander; David McCullough; Hon. Robert Byrd; Bruce Cole; Eugene W. Hickok; James H. Billington; Diane Ravitch; Hon. Christopher J. Dodd; and Russell Berg accompanied by Peter Sullivan and Blanche Deaderick. Additional material…

Clarifying and Teaching Bohm-Bawerk's "Marginal Pairs."

Science.gov (United States)

Egger, John B.

1998-01-01

Briefly defines and provides some background on Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk's "marginal pairs" theory of pricing. Asserts that Bohm-Bawerk's theory is a good introduction to the Austrian school of economics and illustrates the differences between this approach and neoclassical economic theory. Includes several graphs and tables of data. (MJP)

75 FR 64148 - General Regulation: National Park System

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-19

... literary giant at the Eugene O'Neill National Historical Site, California; and the artistic grace of a... that is not reasonably likely to attract a crowd or onlookers. This language is similar to the... the criteria of section 3(b)(2) requiring that all regulations be written in clear language and...

Is Union Job Dissatisfaction Real?

Science.gov (United States)

Hersch, Joni; Stone, Joe A.

1990-01-01

A comparison of data from a Eugene, Oregon, worker survey with data from the Quality of Employment Survey found that union job dissatisfaction arises from factors independent of wages and working conditions. Union perspectives of working conditions do not accurately reflect objective measures of conditions. The dissatisfaction expressed has real…

Technology Use in a Japanese Immersion School: A Case Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Ketterer, Kimberley; Giannone, Darby

1996-01-01

Examines the uses of technology at Yujin Gakuen, a public elementary-level Japanese language immersion school located in Eugene, Oregon. Discusses goals that can be achieved through cooperative learning and instructional technology use, equipment and software, areas in which technology training and integration takes place, the role of educators,…

Interpreting South African cultural clashes through Darwinian eyes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... an acceptance of what would soon be known as Afrikaans culture as no less worthy and civilised than that of the British and for the application of a radically adapted version of social Darwinism to conflicts between white and black South Africans. Key words: Balmforth, Darwin, Darwinism, eugenics, evolution, Kant, social

Deterring Emergent Technologies

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-01

procedures , and location. At that point, the government has many options available to deter a potential adversary. Depending on the nature of the...cannot discern which actor in a lineup is the computer. The most recent event was in 2014, when “Eugene Goostman,” a chat bot designed by Vladimir

Partons and jets at the LHC

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Partons and jets at the LHC. DAVISON E SOPER. Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5203, USA. Abstract. I review some issues related to short distance QCD and its relation to the experimental program of the large hadron collider (LHC) now under construction in Geneva. Keywords.

Euthanasia and Mental Retardation: Suggesting the Unthinkable.

Science.gov (United States)

Hollander, Russell

1989-01-01

The article examines current opinions toward euthanasia of persons with mental retardation in light of the history of public and professional attitudes. It also discusses the rejection of euthanasia on moral and religious grounds, and notes the use of lifelong incarceration, based on eugenics principles, to accomplish similar ends. (DB)

The "Lethal Chamber": Further Evidence of the Euthanasia Option.

Science.gov (United States)

Elks, Martin A.

1993-01-01

Historical discussions of the euthanasia or "lethal chamber" option in relation to people with mental retardation are presented. The paper concludes that eugenic beliefs in the primacy of heredity over environment and the positive role of natural selection may have condoned the poor conditions characteristic of large, segregated institutions and…

Imagining How to Break the Co-Optation of a Consensus. A Response to "Imagining No Child Left Behind Freed from Neoliberal Hijackers"

Science.gov (United States)

Varenne, Herve

2011-01-01

Given that I share, mostly, Eugene Matusov's passionate concerns, picking on his vocabulary might appear pedantic. However, the issues involved in labeling political movements and, even more, political practices, can be fundamental and address the very grounds on which social analysis must stand. Briefly, I am concerned with the label…

towards the design for a new bible translation in sesotho

African Journals Online (AJOL)

the theory and practice of Bible translation at this stage are Eugene A. Nida and his colleagues of the ..... I've seen a black bear.” These qualities contribute to .... met a few boys sitting on the rock that had a small hole in it. They were milking the ...

CP violating rate asymmetries in B decays ∑

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

CP violating rate asymmetries in B decays. N G DESHPANDE. Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5203, USA. Email: desh@oregon.uoregon.edu. Abstract. We briefly discuss measurements of angles β and α of the unitarity triangle. We then review rate asymmetries using SU´3µ ...

American Sterilization: The Racist Justifications for Sterilization in the United States

OpenAIRE

Trevor Price

2016-01-01

An investigative analysis into anthropometrics, sterilization, eugenics, and other forms of scientific racism used to justify white supremacy and racial thought in the 19th and 20th centuries in the United States. The Tuskegee syphilis study, Darwinistic ideals, and neo-Lamarckian thoughts are critically analyzed as justifications for institutional racism.

W.E.B. DuBois's Challenge to Scientific Racism.

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Carol M.

1981-01-01

Proposes that a direct and authoritative challenge to the scientific racism of the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries was urgently needed, and was one of the leading rhetorical contributions of W.E.B. DuBois. Specifically examines three issues: social Darwinism, the eugenics movement, and psychologists' measurement of intelligence.…

Rocking the Cradle: Ensuring the Rights of Parents with Disabilities and Their Children

Science.gov (United States)

National Council on Disability, 2012

2012-01-01

Despite a dark history marked by the eugenics movement, increasing numbers of people with disabilities are choosing to become parents. Recent research reveals that more than 4 million parents--6 percent of American mothers and fathers--are disabled. This number will unquestionably increase as more people with disabilities exercise a broader range…

We Are All Mutants

Science.gov (United States)

Timson, David J.

2017-01-01

Mutations can cause genetic diseases and the vast majority of these have no effective treatment. They raise some difficult questions on the boundaries of science and social science. Selective breeding to "improve" the human race (eugenics) is often regarded as a Victorian relic or Nazi fantasy. Yet, three fetuses with Down syndrome are…

Domestic violence in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Gender-based violence is an issue that has become a part of modern society, cutting across cultures, race, ethnicity and status. In Adichie's Purple Hibiscus, gender-based violence manifests in the form of domestic violence, projected through the Eugene Achike family around whom the story, set in the eastern part of ...

77 FR 60460 - Hardwood Plywood From China: Institution of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Investigations...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-03

... Tariff Schedule of the United States, that are alleged to be sold in the United States at less than fair..., Eugene, OR; and Timber Products Company, Springfield, OR, combined as The Coalition for Fair Trade of... presentation at the conference. A nonparty who has testimony that may aid the Commission's deliberations may...

J. . Sulphur dioxide sensitivity in South African asthmatic children

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dried fruit snacks. Dried or canned soups. Molasses, pancake syrup, corn or maple syrup. We would like to acknowledge Sisters Ann Toerien and. Rika van der Vyfer, and Bev Pepper for assistance with the trial, Mr J. M. Stokol at State Health Laboratories and. Bromor Foods for chemical analysis, and Professor Eugene.

Measuring the Effectiveness of the Industrial Modernization Incentives Program (IMIP).

Science.gov (United States)

1985-09-01

nebulous to accurately measure. It is of interest to note that if "degree of improved readiness" could be defined and quantified, 100 percent of the...Make the Turtle Run?" Government Executive, Vol 14: 18-21 (October 1982). 19. Kluter, Major Eugene E., USAF. Producing More For Less: A Guide For

Markov Decision Processes in Practice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boucherie, Richardus J.; van Dijk, N.M.

2017-01-01

It is over 30 years ago since D.J. White started his series of surveys on practical applications of Markov decision processes (MDP), over 20 years after the phenomenal book by Martin Puterman on the theory of MDP, and over 10 years since Eugene A. Feinberg and Adam Shwartz published their Handbook

75 FR 64306 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-19

... Transmission System. Hydro H-1 P-12107-005 Granite County, Montana. H-2 P-2496-222 Eugene Water and Electric... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Sunshine Act Meeting Notice October 14... Sunshine Act (Pub. L. 94-409), 5 U.S.C. 552b: Agency Holding Meeting: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission...

Wrestling with Data: Learning Network Grapples with How to Gather and Analyze Valuable Information

Science.gov (United States)

Rasmussen, Harriette Thurber

2012-01-01

As facilitator, the author noted some trepidation in the room as the eight secondary principals from Eugene (Oregon.) School District 4J quietly discussed questions that surfaced through their hopes and fears exercise. Could the practice of visiting classrooms together help them to better lead instruction in their buildings? Would this process…

"Civilizar la libido": estrategias ambientales de la eugenesia en la Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Vallejo

2014-06-01

This work approaches the eugenics’ role in Argentina from 1930, moment when the Italian biotipology –intimately linked with the Catholic Church– was consolidated in this country. That eugenics version canalized the elites’ reaction to a trend of the sexual free morality and it tried a disciplined obeisance to roles of gender.

78 FR 22596 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-16

...) Wesley J. Jenkins (IL) Francisco J. Jimenez (TX) Christopher J. Kane (VT) Kenneth C. Keil (CA) Melvin A. Kleman (OH) Michael Lafferty (ID) Roosevelt Lawson (AL) Eugene R. Lydick (VA) Emanuel N. Malone (VA.... Riendeau (ND) James A. Smith (WA) Clarence L. Swann, Jr. (AL) Michael G. Trueblood (IL) Donald A. Uplinger...

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2006-05-06

May 6, 2006 ... Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences; Volume 31; Issue 2. Kenneth Raper, Elisha Mitchell and Dictyostelium. Eugene R Katz. Perspectives Volume 31 Issue 2 June 2006 pp 195-200. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link: https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jbsc/031/02/0195-0200 ...

De plantas y hombres: cómo los genetistas se vincularon a la eugenesia en Brasil (un estudio de caso, 1929-1938

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arantes Botelho Briglia Habib, Paula

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to analyse the trajectory of Octávio Domingues (1897-1972 and Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr. (1898-1988, two geneticists in the Agricultural School of São Paulo State, who engaged with the main propagandist for the eugenics in Brazil, Renato Kehl (1889-1974. This approach is embodied in its association surrounding the publication of the Boletim de Eugenia, an important vehicle for the dissemination of the eugenics movement between the years 1929 and 1933. From the analysis of this journal, it was possible to detect that even sharing both Mendelian theory of heredity, Toledo Piza Jr. considered miscegenation of the Brazilian population as something against nature, while Octávio Domingues judged it healthy.En el presente artículo pretendemos reflexionar sobre la trayectoria de Octávio Domingues (1897-1972 y Salvador Toledo Piza Jr. (1898-1988, dos genetistas de una escuela agrícola del Estado de São Paulo que se vincularon al principal propagador de la eugenesia en Brasil, Renato Kehl (1889-1974. Ese acercamiento se concretó en su asociación alrededor de la publicación del Boletim de Eugenia, importante vehículo de divulgación del movimiento eugenésico entre los años 1929 y 1933. A partir del análisis de esa publicación periódica, ha sido posible detectar que, aunque los dos partían de la teoría mendeliana de la herencia, Toledo Piza Jr. consideraba el mestizaje de la población brasileña como algo que iba en contra de la naturaleza, mientras que Octávio Domingues la juzgaba saludable.

Educators Confront the "Science" of Racism, 1898-1925

Science.gov (United States)

Fallace, Thomas D.

2016-01-01

The literature depicting educators' role in scientific racism and eugenics during the early 20th century has tended to approach the topic in dichotomous terms, as an ideology that one was either for or against. In this historical study, the author adds some nuance to this literature by tracing leading educators' inconsistent and evolving thoughts…

Introduction to the Special Section on Genomics

Science.gov (United States)

Grigorenko, Elena L.; Dozier, Mary

2013-01-01

The debate about the relevance of human genetics knowledge to everyday life has been marked by fluctuations of interest and enthusiasm. The negative impact of eugenics on the public consciousness suppressed dialogue between geneticists and the public for most of the second half of the 20th century (Ridley, 1999). For the most part, nongeneticists…

Colorism/Neo-Colorism

Science.gov (United States)

Snell, Joel

2017-01-01

There are numerous aspects to being non-Caucasian that may not be known by Whites. Persons of color suggest folks who are African, South Americans, Native Americans, Biracial, Asians and others. The question is what do these individuals feel relative to their color and facial characteristics. Eugene Robinson suggest that the future favorable color…

Key Performance Indicators: From Promise to Payoff. The Productivity for Results Series No. 2

Science.gov (United States)

Casserly, Michael; Eugene, Michael

2014-01-01

This paper draws upon the expertise of two leading educators, Michael Casserly, director of the Council of the Great City Schools, and Michael Eugene, chief operating officer of the Orange County Public Schools in Florida. They outline a set of key performance indicators that some urban districts use to benchmark the results of their operating…

76 FR 51434 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-18

...) is a supplier or downstream producer to a firm (or subdivision) that employed a group of workers who...-- (A) The workers' firm is a supplier and the component parts it supplied for the firm (or subdivision..., Los Alamitos, Texas; March 29, 2010. TA-W-80,130; Oak Patch Gifts, LLC, Eugene, Oregon: April 19, 2010...

Conference of the Society for Literature and Science. Proceedings (Atlanta, Georgia, October 10-13, 1996).

Science.gov (United States)

Perkowitz, Sidney, Ed.

The papers contained in these proceedings from the 1996 Society for Literature and Science Conference are organized into sections based on theme. Some of these themes are: (1) Secularizing Enlightenment; (2) Eugenics and the Politics of Knowledge; (3) Reading the Discourses of Psychology; (4) Women and Medicine; (5) The Rhetoric of Public Health;…

Representations of Linguistic Variation in Children's Books: Register Stylisation as a Resource for (Critical) Language Awareness

Science.gov (United States)

Stamou, Anastasia G.

2012-01-01

By drawing upon the dialogic theory of Bakhtin, I consider how register variation is represented in the children's books by the popular Greek writer Dr. Eugene Trivizas, with the aim to explore whether, and in what terms, it could be exploited for the raising of (critical) language awareness. Most sociolinguistic studies which have used literature…

Teacher's Guide to Architectural Styles. Skinner's Butte Historical District. Revised Edition.

Science.gov (United States)

Bauer, Mary; Neimand, Hahn

This document is a teacher's guide to the historic buildings of Eugene, Oregon. Eighteen buildings in the Skinner's Butte Historical District are highlighted, including the U.S. Post Office, the Eagles Building, the Lane Hotel, the Oregon Electric Depot, the Southern Pacific Railroad Depot, and several houses. For each structure there is a brief…

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

music critic and wit, famous as a character no less than as a literary giant, .... environment, such changes are not handed on to their children. .... eugenic movement in so far as it leads its intelligent and healthy adherents to produce .... enormous development of two sciences which are nQw in their infancy, namely individual.

Limits Legal Ethics of Biotechnology in XXI Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melissa Cabrini Morgato

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The present paper discusses the ethical and legal consequences of developments in biotechnological science, with a focus on the field of genetic engineering. We classify situations originating from developments in biotechnological science depending on their ethical and legal justification, based on Habermas’ reflections in his work “The future of human nature”, and differentiate between negative eugenics, representing ethically and legally justified situations, given their therapeutic potential of bringing benefits to human beings; and positive eugenics, describing situations, which are not justified by Ethics and Law, since they represent risks for the ethical self-understanding of the human species and are also incompatible with the imperative nature of human life protection, which is struc- tured by the Ibero-American constitutional states. We conclude that all moral judgments must follow the principle of human dignity as a major guideline, because the prevention of harmful practices against human beings requires, apart from legal and ethical rules, the responsibility to exclusively employ technologies for therapeutic purposes and to impede that the consumer society and its by-products completely artificialize the human nature.

Permeability and compressibility of resedimented Gulf of Mexico mudrock

Science.gov (United States)

Betts, W. S.; Flemings, P. B.; Schneider, J.

2011-12-01

We use a constant-rate-of strain consolidation test on resedimented Gulf of Mexico mudrock to determine the compression index (Cc) to be 0.618 and the expansion index (Ce) to be 0.083. We used crushed, homogenized Pliocene and Pleistocene mudrock extracted from cored wells in the Eugene Island block 330 oil field. This powdered material has a liquid limit (LL) of 87, a plastic limit (PL) of 24, and a plasticity index (PI) of 63. The particle size distribution from hydrometer analyses is approximately 65% clay-sized particles (<2 μm) with the remainder being less than 70 microns in diameter. Resedimented specimens have been used to characterize the geotechnical and geophysical behavior of soils and mudstones independent of the variability of natural samples and without the effects of sampling disturbance. Previous investigations of resedimented offshore Gulf of Mexico sediments (e.g. Mazzei, 2008) have been limited in scope. This is the first test of the homogenized Eugene Island core material. These results will be compared to in situ measurements to determine the controls on consolidation over large stress ranges.

Psicoterapia centrada na pessoa e o impacto do conceito de experienciação Person-centered psychotherapy and the impact of the experiencing concept

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Carlos Caselli Messias

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo trata das contribuições conceituais de Eugene T. Gendlin ao desenvolvimento da teoria da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, de Carl R. Rogers, com especial destaque à experienciação. Uma breve biografia do primeiro autor é apresentada ao leitor de língua portuguesa bem como dos desdobramentos da sua Filosofia do Implícito, que atualmente se constitui em uma abordagem específica. Os benefícios que uma compreensão experiencial pode oferecer aos profissionais centrados no cliente também são analisados.The article discusses the conceptual contributions of Eugene T. Gendlin to the development of the Person-Centered Approach theory, from Carl R. Rogers, with a special distinction to Experiencing. A brief biography of the first author is presented to the Portuguese reader as well as the developments of his Philosophy of the Implicit, a specific approach nowadays. The benefits that an experiential comprehension is able to offer to the Person-Centered Professionals are also analyzed.

"Hopelessly Insane, Some Almost Maniacs": New York City's War on "Unfit" Teachers

Science.gov (United States)

Chmielewski, Kristen

2018-01-01

This article explores how Dr. Emil Altman and the New York City Board of Education manipulated prevailing narratives of disability in a crusade to rid their city school system of "unfit" teachers during the late 1920s through to the early 1940s. Capitalising on fears of disability related to ideas about efficiency and eugenics, Altman…

Failure after Farrell: Violence and Inadequate Mental Health Care in California's Division of Juvenile Justice

Science.gov (United States)

Ajmani, Nisha; Webster, Erica

2016-01-01

From its inception in 1891 to present day, California's state youth corrections system has been mired in violence and abuse. In 1914, IQ testing and eugenics at state juvenile facilities resulted in the forced sterilization of poor, primarily non-white youth. In 1939, the suspicious suicide of a 13-year-old boy, the maltreatment of Latino youth,…

19.-25. IX toimub Rüütelkonna hoones Kumu pärlite nädal...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

23. IX kõneleb Anu Allikvee teemal "Eestlane baltisaksa kunstnike vaatepiiris"; 24. IX tutvustab Mai Levin Eugen Dückeri maale, 25. IX Ene Lamp Konrad Mäge. Vt. ka lk. 24 Tähtede nädal 26. IX-2. X - kohtumisõhtutel esinevad Marika ja Heinz Valk, Jüri Kuuskemaa, Sirje Helme, Pekka Vapaavuori, Inge Teder, Rain Lõhmus

H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest.

Science.gov (United States)

Art McKee; Pamela. Druliner

1998-01-01

The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a world renowned center for research and education about the ecology and management of forests and streams. Located about 50 miles (80 km) east of Eugene, Oregon, the Andrews Experimental Forest lies in the Blue River Ranger District of the Willamette National Forest. Established in 1948, the Experimental Forest is administered...

Family Values in American Drama.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Joanne

When an educator was invited by a Chinese university to teach a seminar in American drama, she used "family drama" as the organizing theme of her course because she was (and is) convinced that from Eugene O'Neill on, American playwrights have been obsessed with family disintegration and the failure of family harmony. This paper is an…

Biokaristusõigus - uus distsipliin? : mõtteid inimbiotehnikast ja selle karistusõiguslikest piirjoontest ektogeneesi näitel / Eric Hilgendorf

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hilgendorf, Eric, 1960-

2006-01-01

Viljastatud munaraku väljaspool inimorganismi kasvatamise karistusõiguslikest aspektidest. Käesolev tekst on jätk artiklile "Ektogenees ja karistusõigus" (Hilgendorf 1994). Tõlkeallikas: Der Wandel des Staates vor den Herausforderungen der Gegenwart: Festschrift für Winfried Brohm zum 70. Geburtstag. Hrsg. von Carl-Eugen Eberle, Martin Ibler, Dieter Lorenz, München: Beck, 2002, S. 387-404

Epigenetics ELSI: Darker Than You Think?

Science.gov (United States)

Joly, Yann; So, Derek; Saulnier, Katie; Dyke, Stephanie O M

2016-10-01

Emerging ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) scholarship in epigenetics has focused largely on hypothetical issues involving institutional racism, discrimination, and eugenics. To avoid an unwarranted backlash against this promising research field, we encourage a more balanced ELSI discussion conveying the full spectrum of issues faced by stakeholders. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Volcanoes. MicroSIFT Courseware Evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR.

THE FOLLOWING IS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS DOCUMENT (Except for the Evaluation Summary Table): VERSION: 1.4E. PRODUCER: Earthware Computer Services, P.O. Box 30039, Eugene, OR 07403. EVALUATION COMPLETED: June 1982 by staff of NWREL and constituents of the Alaska Department of Education. COST: $49.50. ABILITY LEVEL: Secondary and College. SUBJECT:…

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 78, Number 2, March-April 1935

Science.gov (United States)

1935-04-01

Craig, C.A.C., assigned to command Battery "B" Captain Oren A. Mulkey, Infantry, assigned to Headquarters Company Pacific Sec- tor; and Lieutenant Norman ...a blow to the pride of our :1ble corps of instructors. By Lieutenant Eugene C. Smallwood , C.A .C. JENROLL~vrENT for additional members in the C.c.c

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Srimath

Often, this debate is coloured by historical and political overtones. Shocked beyond belief by the atrocities committed during the Second World War in the name of eugenics, the world rejected the idea that we are what our genes are. It became politically incorrect to have any truck with the idea that genes are responsible for ...

Eestlase maksukoormus on Euroopa kõrgemaid / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Maksukoormus Eestis on tegelikult kõrgem kui statistika näitab, kuna maksukoormuse hindamisel pole lisaks tavapärastele maksudele arvestatud ka nn. varjatud makse. Autor leiab, et varjatud maksud Eestis on riigilõivud, vaktsineerimise tasud, trahvid. Ilmunud ka: Põhjarannik 28. okt. lk. 2; Lääne Elu 28. okt. lk. 2; Meie Maa 1. nov. lk. 2; Koit 6. nov. lk. 6; Vooremaa 11. nov. lk. 2; Harju Ekspress 14. nov. lk. 6; Kuulutaja 21. nov. lk. 4; Äripäev 26. nov. lk. 23

Eugen Glueckauf, 9 April 1906 - 12 September 1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Everett, D.H.

1984-01-01

This is both a biography of the man, his family, early career and social life and of his work. From 1947 this was at AERE Harwell. Even after his retirement in 1971 he continued as a consultant until shortly before his death. The scope of his research at AERE was considerable. It is recounted under the following headings: general radiochemistry including plutonium production, general chemistry and the work of the fission product technology group including radioactive waste disposal, high temperature gas-cooled reactors and isotope migration through fissured rock. Glueckauf's reputation in the outside world rested largely on the open publication of scientific research arising mainly from his work at Harwell. Three areas in particular are mentioned: chromatography, solvent extraction and concentrated electrolyte theory and membrane science. There is a list of his published papers, a partial list of AERE internal reports which he wrote and a list of patents granted to him. (U.K.)

Mitochondrial replacement techniques: egg donation, genealogy and eugenics

OpenAIRE

Palacios-Gonz?lez, C?sar

2016-01-01

Several objections against the morality of researching or employing mitochondrial replacement techniques have been advanced recently. In this paper, I examine three of these objections and show that they are found wanting. First I examine whether mitochondrial replacement techniques, research and clinical practice, should not be carried out because of possible harms to egg donors. Next I assess whether mitochondrial replacement techniques should be banned because they could affect the study o...

Mitochondrial replacement techniques: egg donation, genealogy and eugenics.

Science.gov (United States)

Palacios-González, César

2016-03-01

Several objections against the morality of researching or employing mitochondrial replacement techniques have been advanced recently. In this paper, I examine three of these objections and show that they are found wanting. First I examine whether mitochondrial replacement techniques, research and clinical practice, should not be carried out because of possible harms to egg donors. Next I assess whether mitochondrial replacement techniques should be banned because they could affect the study of genealogical ancestry. Finally, I examine the claim that mitochondrial replacement techniques are not transferring mitochondrial DNA but nuclear DNA, and that this should be prohibited on ethical grounds.

Conscience claims, metaphysics, and avoiding an LGBT eugenic.

Science.gov (United States)

Brummett, Abram

2018-06-01

Novel assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are poised to present our society with strange new ethical questions, such as whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) couples should be allowed to produce children biologically related to both parents, or whether trans-women who want to experience childbirth should be allowed to receive uterine transplants. Clinicians opposed to offering such technologies to LGBT couples on moral grounds are likely to seek legal shelter through the conscience clauses enshrined in U.S. law. This paper begins by briefly discussing some novel ART on the horizon and noting that it is unclear whether current conscience clauses will permit fertility clinics to deny such services to LGBT individuals. A compromise approach to conscience is any view that sees the value of respecting conscience claims within limits. I describe and critique the constraints proposed in the recent work of Wicclair, NeJaime and Siegel as ultimately begging the question. My purpose is to strengthen their arguments by suggesting that in the controversial situations that elicit claims of conscience, bioethicists should engage with the metaphysical claims in play. I argue that conscience claims against LGBT individuals ought to be constrained because the underlying metaphysic-that God has decreed the LGBT lifestyle to be sinful-is highly implausible from the perspective of a naturalized metaphysic, which ought to be the lens through which we evaluate conscience claims. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Eugene Ogoh Abstract The study examined the relationship ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ijomone

According to Ayodele and Alabi (2011), the causes of project abandonment includes;. • Inconsistency in government policies,. • Persistent community interference. • lack of proper project development timing and. • Inappropriate allocation of project finance. In a developing country such as Nigeria, different regimes come up ...

Una dialógica desestabilizadora del orden social y sexual: el médico argentino Juan Lazarte en la revista anarquista Estudios (1932-1936

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiménez-Lucena, Isabel

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper we analyze the articles published by Argentinean physician Juan Larzarte in the magazine Estudios in the 1930s. This took place within a publishing policy aimed at overcoming the exclusion of discourses opposing the established social order. The discourse practices we explore were dialogic while focusing on neo-Malthusian and eugenic propositions and the historical causes of a gendered social relations structuring a double sexual morals. Lazarte used several forms of intertextuality and suggested the compatibility of seemingly opposed approaches without getting round the differences and avoiding debates in dichotomic terms. These practices allowed the strategic use of eugenic rhetoric within the neo-Malthusian proposition aimed at the human species to reach a state of good living. As he did not consider history from an ideology of progress, and insisted on taking into account the different facets of any issue (biological, economic and cultural, Lazarte’s discourse in Estudios contributed to configure a world defying the assumptions of a deterministic biopower, thus becoming a destabilizing power regarding the sexual and social order.En este trabajo analizamos los artículos del médico argentino Juan Lazarte publicados en la revista Estudios en los años 30 del siglo XX. Este hecho se produjo en el marco de una política editorial que pretendía superar la exclusión a que eran sometidos los discursos de oposición al orden social establecido. La práctica discursiva analizada se desarrolló sobre una dialógica en torno a las propuestas neomaltusianas y eugenésicas y a las causas históricas de unas relaciones sociales generizadas que estructuraban una doble moral sexual. Lazarte usó diversas formas de intertextualidad y señaló la compatibilidad de planteamientos que se mostraban opuestos en apariencia, sin obviar las diferencias, evitando los debates en términos dicotómicos. Esta praxis hizo posible un uso táctico de la

Genome analysis methods: Arabidopsis lyrata [PGDBj Registered plant list, Marker list, QTL list, Plant DB link and Genome analysis methods[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available (http://genome.imim.es/software/geneid/) applying dicot and A. thaliana specific matrices 32,670 (v1.0) JGI; http://www.phytozome.net/alyrata v1.0 v1.0 10.1038/ng.807 21478890 ... ...8.3x Arachne 1,309 ... Fgenesh package of ab initio and homology-based gene predictors, EuGene12, and GeneID13

MHC classⅠ gene in two duck lines

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Navya

Weishan Ma duck (WS) is the eugenic endemic breed, one of the four famous ducks in China, as well Cherry Valley duck (CV) is the largest number of breeding variety. WS is egg strain and CV is meat type. The two duck lines mainly support the. Chinese waterfowl industry. In this study, MHC class Ⅰ genes of WS and CV ...

20 aastat tagasi talletatud Siberi elulugudest valmib telesari / Gerda Kulli-Kordemets ; intervjueerinud Erika Klaats

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kulli-Kordemets, Gerda

2010-01-01

Uuest telesarjast tööpealkirjaga "Siber", mis räägib 14. 06. 1941 Virumaalt küüditatud politseinike lastest, kes viidi Tomski oblastisse Vasjuganje piirkonda. Stsenarist Merle Karusoo, kunstnik Eugen Tamberg, tegevprodutsent Mart Saar. Dokumentaalfilm tööpealkirjaga "Memento" tutvustab telesarja tegelaste prototüüpe ja reaalseid tegevuskohti. ETV võttegrupi käigust Tomski oblastisse

Peer and Cross-Age Tutoring. ERIC Digest, Number 79.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaustad, Joan

One-to-one tutoring programs, such as peer and cross-age tutoring, can result in emotional and learning benefits for the tutor and the tutee. Peer tutoring involves two students of the same age. In cross-age tutoring, the tutor is older than the tutee. The Willamette High School Peer Tutoring Program in Eugene, Oregon; the Coca-Cola Valued Youth…

Uus korter ja midagi veel / Eve Kaunis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaunis, Eve

2008-01-01

Uus Maa kinnisvarabüroo eluruumide konsultant Eve Kaunis ostjate eelistustest korterite valikul. Peamised müügiargumendid on soodne hind ja rohked lisaväärtused. Näiteks toodud 2-toaline korter (sisekujundus: Aet Piel, 71 m2) Põhja-Tallinnas Eugen Sachariase projekti järgi ehitatud majas ja 3-toaline korter (66,4 m2) Keilas 1980. aastatel ehitatud elamus

Closest to the Heart--The Life of Emerson Hynes: A Biographical Study of Human Goodness with a Focus on the College Years

Science.gov (United States)

Cofell, Jeanne Lorraine

2014-01-01

This study examined human goodness as lived through the life of Emerson Hynes with a focus on the college years. Emerson Hynes was an ethics and sociology professor at St. John's University during the 1940s and 50s before he became legislative assistant to Senator Eugene McCarthy. He cared deeply about ethics and was a leader in family life,…

Vaade minevikku kaljult mere ääres / Helju Koger

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Koger, Helju, 1943-

2005-01-01

Eesti Vabaõhumuuseumis asuvast Kochidele kuulunud Liberty suvemõisast (arhitekt Otto Schott, 1905), puiesteest Via Appia, Arthur Girard de Soucantoni hävinud villast (arhitekt Rudolf Knüpffer), G. de Soucantoni tütre Helene ja Eugen Von Nottbecki suvilast nr. 15, raidkividest, Etienne Girard de Soucantoni šveitsi villast (praegu muuseumi teadurite töömaja) jm. 11 ill

Apert Syndrome: A Case Report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masoud Gharib

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Apert syndrome is a genetic defect which was first described by Eugene Apert in 1906. it's incidence is approximately one in 50000 births. This syndrome is many abnormalities in your body and Central Nervous System. rehabilitation can increase children and their parent's quality of life.We report a case of Apert syndrome and his occupational therapy program.

Quo Vadis, Medical Genetics?

Science.gov (United States)

Czeizel, Andrew E.

The beginning of human genetics and its medical part: medical genetics was promising in the early decades of this century. Many genetic diseases and defects with Mendelian origin were identified and it helped families with significant genetic burden to limit their child number. Unfortunately this good start was shadowed by two tragic events. On the one hand, in the 1930s and early 1940s the German fascism brought about the dominance of an unscientific eugenics to mask vile political crimes. People with genetic diseases-defects were forced to sterilisation and several of them were killed. On the other hand, in the 1950s lysenkoism inhibitied the evolution of genetics in the Soviet Union and their satelite countries. Lysenko's doctrine declared genetics as a product of imperialism and a guilty science, therefore leading geneticists were ousted form their posts and some of them were executed or put in prison. Past decades genetics has resulted fantastic new results and achieved a leading position within the natural sciences. To my mind, however, the expected wider use of new eugenics indicates a new tragedy and this Cassandra's prediction is the topic of this presentation.

Apprenticeship effect on a neural network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haddad, F.; Hagel, K.; Li, J.; Mdeiwayeh, N.; Natowitz, J.B.; Wada, R.; Xiao, B.; David, C.; Freslier, M.; Aichelin, J.

1997-01-01

Utilization of a neural network for determining the value of the impact parameter in heavy ion reactions is a two stage process: a apprenticeship stage followed by a utilization stage. During the first stage one determines the network parameters by means of a trial game for which the inputs and outputs are known. To realize the trial game a numerical simulation code was used. In order to estimate the biases of this procedure we generated trial games by resorting to two different models: a transport dynamical model (QMD) coupled to a deexcitation code (GEMINI) and a event generator based on a statistical approach (EUGENE). The procedure was applied to determine the impact parameter in 40 Ca + 40 Ca reactions. The effect of the model dependence of the apprenticeship procedure is studied thoroughly. In the two cases the outputs provided by the network are smaller then 7 fm which can be expected in case of complete events. The network trained with QMD gives outputs for input parameters within a larger range of values which is due to the fact that EUGENE does not contain 'Deep Inelastic'

The Falls City Engineers: A History of the Louisville District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1984-2004

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

been undertaken nor completed. Contract administrators Jon Fleshman and Vanessa Whitworth together with Carol Labashosky and Todd Hornback of the...Frick, Doug Shelton, Lee Anne Devine, Robert Willis, Eugene Dowell, Charles Decker, Robert Van Hoff, Steve Rager, and Ron Waller, plus the crews at...and able.28 Edward Hoagland, the resource manager, handled the transition. He arranged the transfer of personnel and projects from the Mobile

Villa peegeldustega minevikku / Ell-Maaja Randküla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Randküla, Ell-Maaja, 1939-2016

2005-01-01

Tallinnas Hiiul Vabaduse puiesteel asuva villa sisekujundus. 1940. aastatel valminud funkvilla on projekteerinud arhitekt Eugen Sacharias. Sisekujundaja: Juta Lember, kes kavandas ka põhiosa mööblist. Ehitaja: AS Eesti Ehitus. Sisustus: OÜ Disekt-ST, OÜ Estconde Interior. Vaibad: Peeter Kuutma. vitraažaken: Mare Lobjakas. Juta Lemberist, tema tähtsamad tööd. Ill.: 3 plaani, 13 värv. vaadet

25 Jahre - Institut fuer Geodaesie, Teil 1: Wissenschaftliche Beitraege und Berichte (25 Years - Institute of Geodesy, Part 1: Scientific Contributions and Reports)

Science.gov (United States)

2000-01-01

Analyse der Bahnbewegung des Mondes (E. W. BROWN, 1896) Polschwankung (SETH CARLO CHANDLER, 1885; KARL FRIEDRICH KOJSTNER, 1890; SIMON NEWCOMB, 1891, 1892...Photographic Zenith Tubes) wurden erstmals urn die Jahr- hundertwende von STOLZE (1893), RuNGE (1893), SCHNAUDER (1900) und SCHWARZSCHILD (1903) vor...Geburtstag, Eugen Kuntz zurn 70. Geburtstag, Herman MAilzer zumn 70. Geburtstag, Verbff Geod Inst U Karlsruhe, 23 5-241 SCHWARZSCHILD , K., 1903

Flexure Strength and Optical Transparency of Magnesium-Aluminate Spinel (MgAlO4): Influence of Polishing and Glass Coating

Science.gov (United States)

2016-12-01

Eugene Shanholtz, Jian Yu, Rebecca L Walker, and John J Pittari III. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. vi INTENTIONALLY...with high transparency necessitate the use of aggressive densification techniques that result in very coarse microstructures (i.e., average grain sizes...windows. Glass coating (or glazing) is a common technique used to strengthen ceramics. The use of glazing as a strengthening technique , however, is

Dictionnaire biographique des musiciens / Baker, Theodore, Slonimsky, Nicolas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Baker, Theodore

1995-01-01

Eesti muusikutest: Aarne, Els (lk. 1). Aav, Evald (1). Aavik, Juhan (2). Eller, Heino (1149). Ernesaks, Gustav (1180). Järvi, Neeme (1951). Kapp. Artur (2036). Kapp, Eugen (2036). Kapp, Villem (2037). Kasemets, Udo (2050-2051). Mägi [Myagi], Ester (2923). Pärt, Arvo (3114-3115). Rääts, Jaan (3321). Saar, Mart (3558). Sumera, Lepo (4099). Tamberg, Eino (4151). Tobias, Rudolf (4240). Tubin, Eduard (4288)

The National Cryptologic Museum Library

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-01

telegrams. Modern communications and encryption methods have made them obsolete and mainly of historical interest. The library is also home to a...interpretations. Cross References The National Cryptologic Museum Library Eugene Becker Last year, a widely published German technical author, Klaus...Schmeh, e-mailed the library of the National Cryptologic Museum from his home in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. He needed information for an article on the

Composition of the Essential Oil of Pink Chablis Bluebeard (Caryopteris x clandonensis ’Durio’) and Its Biological Activity against the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Science.gov (United States)

2016-04-07

oil of Pink Chablis™ bluebeard (Caryopteris ×clandonensis ’Durio’) and its biological activity against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti ARTICLE...bluebeard (Caryopteris ×clandonensis ’Durio’) and its biological activity against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti Eugene K. Blythe1...mosquito [ Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)]. Essential oil from the aerial parts of this mildly aromatic ornamental species was extracted by water

Dias de luta: traços do cotidiano em Aracajú (1939-1945

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dilton Cândido Santos Maynard

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This article examines aspects of daily life in Aracaju during War II (1939-1945. The research investigates the changes produced by new hygiene products, the promotion of eugenic policies by the Estado Novo, the influence of cinema in interpretations of the reason and those involved in war as well as the various appropriations made by the city’s population in the period.

Military History: A Selected Bibliography

Science.gov (United States)

2003-03-01

II. 1959. Stadelman, Rudolf . Scharnhorst: Schicksal and geistige Welt. 1952. Tarle, Eugene. Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia. 1942. Thiry, J...of Germany. 1975. *** Smith, Cecil Woodham. The Reason Why. 1965. Stadelman, Rudolf . Moltke und der Stadt. 1950. *** Wawro, Geoffrey. The Austro...Gerhard. The Sword and the Scepter, 4 vols. 1973. Steiner , Zarc S. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898-1914. 1969. *** Stevenson, David

A educação como projeto de melhoramento racial: uma análise do art. 138 da Constituição de 1934 (Education as a racial enhancement project: an analysis of art. 138 of the 1934 Brazilian Constitution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simone Rocha

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Historically, laws are created to meet the needs of a particular place and time, taking into account cultural, ideological and political aspects on which they act. In this sense, the Brazilian parliamentarians intended to encourage the promotion of an “eugenic education” by adopting legislative and administrative measures related to social hygiene, seeking racial “improvement” through socio-educational measures. For the eugenics, the “education” factor would only have the purpose of stimulating the good strains of the “well born.” The bill advocated in Art. 138 of the 1934 Constitution would pretend to act before a population constituted mostly of blacks and mulattos, making it diffcult for them to contract marriage with white people of high social status. The present article sought to analyze the discourse of parliamentarians and eugenics that defended and articulated the preliminary project that advocated the encouragement of eugenic education in a moment of signifcant historical and educational importance. Approaching this theme leads us to think how political actions, articulated aiming at racial improvement, influenced the decisions in the educational policy of the country, and for which social segments did they effectively act as a propellant of social and human development though education. Historicamente as leis são criadas visando atender às necessidades de um determinado local e tempo, levando em consideração aspectos culturais, ideológicos e políticos sobre os quais atuam. Nesse sentido, os parlamentares brasileiros pretendiam fomentar o estímulo a uma “educação eugênica” pela adoção de medidas legislativas e administrativas relacionadas à higiene social buscando o “melhoramento” racial através de medidas sócio/educativas. Logo, para os eugenistas, o fator “educação” teria apenas o objetivo de estimular as boas estirpes dos “bem nascidos”. O projeto de lei defendido no Art. 138, da

Iglesia católica y eugenesia latina: un constructo teórico para el control social (Argentina, 1924-1958

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vallejo, Gustavo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses interactions between science and religion thorough the formulation of the Italian Biotipology, as knowledge very influential in the field of power. That ideology was created around a variant of the eugenic thinking for to give answers to the social control promoted by the fascism; and it was well accepted in different countries, as Argentina, for example. Here, it survived over several years beyond the World War II. The Biotipology was characterized by a strong repulse to any public or private action oriented to human sterilization. Indeed, we must remember that Catholic rules imposed the “no-intervention on the bodies”, belonging only to God. On these corpus of ideas, the new Italian science prompted arrangements that attempt to accelerate the artificial selection breaking the human equality principle. Between 1924 and 1958, the Biotipology was the official Catholic doctrine about Eugenics and it was widespread in Argentina from the called Latin Eugenics. In this manner, the identification, classification, hierarchical structure and exclusion of some humans, were instrumented in this country by means of coercive and environmental devices.Se abordan aquí interacciones entabladas entre ciencia y religión a través de la formulación de un saber particularmente influyente en el campo del poder, como fue el conformado en torno a una corriente de pensamiento eugénico. Nos referimos a la variante gestada desde la biotipología italiana para atender al control social impulsado por el fascismo y también por países como la Argentina donde llegó a sobrevivir en el tiempo más allá de la segunda posguerra. Esa versión eugénica, caracterizada por un encendido rechazo a cualquier acción pública o privada orientada a la esterilización humana -atento al mandato católico de no intervención sobre los cuerpos, gestión privativa de Dios- propició medidas también tendentes a acelerar una selección artificial vulnerando

Private and public eugenics: genetic and screening in India

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gupta, J.A.

2007-01-01

Epidemiologists and geneticists claim that genetics has an increasing role to play in public health policies and programs in the future. Within this perspective, genetic testing and screening are instrumental in avoiding the birth of children with serious, costly or untreatable disorders. This paper

Gender eugenics? The ethics of PGD for intersex conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Sparrow, Robert

2013-01-01

This article discusses the ethics of the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the birth of children with intersex conditions/disorders of sex development (DSDs), such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). While pediatric surgeries performed on children with ambiguous genitalia have been the topic of intense bioethical controversy, there has been almost no discussion to date of the ethics of the use of PGD to reduce the prevalence of these conditions. I suggest that PGD for those conditions that involve serious medical risks for those born with them is morally permissible and that PGD for other "cosmetic" variations in sexual anatomy is more defensible than might first appear. However, importantly, the arguments that establish the latter claim have radical and disturbing implications for our attitude toward diversity more generally.

Uus seadus on mõistlikum kui vana / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Uue töölepingu seaduse eelnõust. Ilmunud ka Tartu Ekspress 14. veeb. 2008, lk. 6, pealkiri kujul: Veel kord uuest töölepinguseaduse eelnõust ; Valgamaalane 19. veeb. 2008, lk. 2 ; Kuulutaja 29. veeb. 2008, lk. 4, pealkiri kujul: Töölepinguseadus nõuab selgeltnägemist

Oleme oma riigi haldamise ise keerukaks teinud / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2009-01-01

Autori hinnangul on riigieelarve üle käivate arutelude ebaefektiivsuse põhjuseks strateegia kokkulepitud üldpõhimõtete ja väärtushinnangute puudumine. Eesti riik vajab haldusstruktuuri muutmist odavamaks ja efektiivsemaks

Demokraatia nõuab valitsejailt mõningast eneseohverdust / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Lääne Elu 26. veebr. lk. 2, Harju Ekspress, Põhjarannik 29. veebr. lk. 6,2, Meie Maa 3. märts lk. 2, Vooremaa 8. märts lk. 2, Koit 13. märts lk. 6. Autori sõnul ei esinda Riigikogu viimased koosseisud enam rahvast, poliitikute ülbe suhtumine kodanikesse ületab paljude taluvuse piiri ning toob näite keskerakondlase Ain Seppiku väljaütlemistest

Behavioural genetics: why eugenic selection is preferable to enhancement.

Science.gov (United States)

Savulescu, Julian; Hemsley, Melanie; Newson, Ainsley; Foddy, Bennett

2006-01-01

Criminal behaviour is but one behavioural tendency for which a genetic influence has been suggested. Whilst this research certainly raises difficult ethical questions and is subject to scientific criticism, one recent research project suggests that for some families, criminal tendency might be predicted by genetics. In this paper, supposing this research is valid, we consider whether intervening in the criminal tendency of future children is ethically justifiable. We argue that, if avoidance of harm is a paramount consideration, such an intervention is acceptable when genetic selection is employed instead of genetic enhancement. Moreover, other moral problems in avoiding having children with a tendency to criminal behaviour, such as the prospect of social discrimination, can also be overcome.

75 FR 66750 - Albany-Eugene Transmission Line Rebuild Project

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-29

... physically worn and structurally unsound in places. The wood transmission poles have lasted beyond the... access roads, developing staging areas for storage of materials, removing and replacing existing wood... construction activities. The existing structures would be replaced with structures of similar design within or...

Bleuler and the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

OpenAIRE

Heckers, Stephan

2011-01-01

Schizophrenia remains a major challenge for psychiatry. One hundred years after the publication of Eugen Bleuler’s monograph, we are still debating the nosology and mechanisms of schizophrenia. We have stalled in the development of more effective treatments, after success with the introduction of antipsychotic medication. Cure and prevention remain in the distance. This article reviews the importance of Bleuler’s monograph for the neuroscientific exploration of schizophrenia. While Bleuler as...

A Maritime Approach to Countering Horn of Africa Piracy

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-26

rights of all others. Additionally, the rights enjoyed by pirates must be balanced against concerns for the common good, mainly the safety of... worklife /08/27/woman.pirate/index.html (accessed 18 December 2011) . 27 Antony, 42. 28 Ibid., 44. 29 The British Navy engaged two notorious...http://edition.cnn.com/2007/LIVING/ worklife /08/27/woman.pirate/index.html (accessed 18 December 2011) . Kontorovich, Eugene. “A Guantanamo on the

Military Retention and Retirement. Reciprocal Family/Organization Effects,

Science.gov (United States)

1981-06-30

the Chief of Naval Operations, 1978. Derr, C.B. Managing marriage/ family issues across career stages: the case of the U.S. Naval officers. Unpublished...Jeffers-, Davis Highway University of Maryland Arlingtcn VA , #02 College of Business and Management and Department of Psychology Dr. Larry Cummings...Institution 801 N. Pitt Street, Suite 120 Alexandria VA 22314 Dr. Richard Steers Graduate School of Management and Business University of Oregon Eugene

Suffering What They Must: The Shifting Alliances of Romania and Finland in World War II

Science.gov (United States)

2015-05-01

17 Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918 -1945, 485. 18 Ronald D. Bachman and Eugene K. Keefe, Romania : A Country...Suffering What They Must: The Shifting Alliances of Romania and Finland in World War II A Monograph by MAJ Edward M. Kaspar United States Army...Must: The Shifting Alliances of Romania and Finland in World War II 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6

Extincionismo : catástrofe em massa? Filosofando a ciência ambiental contemporânea através da ideologia pré-eugénica nietzschiana

OpenAIRE

José Filipe P. M. Silva

2016-01-01

This papers aims to realize a philosophical-scientific analysis of the “extinction” problem and, in particular, the «sixth mass extinction». For such, and considering recent paleontological and biological data, we will discuss its scientific realism and epistemic accuracy. We will also have in consideration its theoretical and philosophical vectors, namely the influence of the Nietzschean pre-eugenic (Galtonean) ideology. We will conclude contemporary scientific extinctionism as (...

Protection of genetic heritage in the era of cloning

OpenAIRE

Oliveira Júnior,Eudes Quintino de; Oliveira,Pedro Bellentani Quintino de

2012-01-01

Research on human beings has expanded greatly due to progress and the evolution of society as well as customs. Not only the unceasing development of research on human beings, but also interference in the beginning and end of life with homologous and heterogonous human reproduction, surrogate motherhood, cloning, gene therapies, eugenics, euthanasia, dysthanasia, orthothanasia, assisted suicide, genetic engineering, reassignment surgery in cases of transsexuality, the use of recombinant DNA te...

[Population policy: the legacy of Greek thought].

Science.gov (United States)

Elgegren Reategui, F

1994-01-01

The author "explains that the Greek philosophy and scientific thought developed elements of what is known today as population policies. These include roles and gender relationships, the population volume, the family, sexuality, birth control, eugenics, abortion and [quality of life]....The first part of the article reviews issues on family and women's roles. The second part is related to aspects associated with sexuality and...population policy." (SUMMARY IN ENG) excerpt

Smart Practices In Building Interorganizational Collaborative Capacity to Strengthen the Florida Comprehensive Disaster Management Enterprise

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

established unique organizational “ brands .” With the establishment of U.S. Homeland Security, these same organizations have been directed to operate... Storytelling (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2011), 158. 16 Bardach, Eugene. Getting Agencies to Work Together: The Practice and Theory of Managerial...five dimensions of the meta- leader24 are described as: • the person of the leader and his/her awareness or problem assessment • the problem, change

La biotipología en el pronatalismo argentino (1930-1983

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miranda, Marisa A.

2005-06-01

Full Text Available The goal of this paper consists in the revision of argentinean pronatalist ideas of the period 1930-1983 and so doing, in evaluating the influences that they received from Nicola Pende's Biotypology. This subject, derived from Francis Galton's Eugenics, was usefull to autoritarian systems so it was very well accepted for the eugenic orthodoxy of Mussolini's Italy, Franco's Spain and the Argentina of those years. Around it, politics and demographers articu-lated a thomist speech with prominent emphasis in the promotion of a "selected natality".

El objetivo central del presente trabajo consiste en revisar las propuestas pronatalistas argentinas del período 1930-1983 y evaluar las influencias que recibieran de la Biotipología de Nicola Pende. Esta disciplina, derivada de la Eugenesia de Francis Galton y funcional a regímenes autoritarios, tuvo gran aceptación en la ortodoxia eugénica de la Italia de Mussolini, la España de Franco y la Argentina de aquellos años. En torno a ella se articuló un discurso demográfico de claro sesgo tomista en el cual el fomento de la "natalidad seleccionada" fue, como veremos, uno de sus aspectos más destacados.

Demonstration of LED Retrofit Lamps at the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, Naomi J.

2011-09-01

The Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art in Eugene, Oregon, houses a remarkable permanent collection of Asian art and antiquities, modern art, and sculpture, and also hosts traveling exhibitions. In the winter and spring of 2011, a series of digital photographs by artist Chris Jordan, titled "Running the Numbers," was exhibited in the Coeta and Donald Barker Special Exhibitions Gallery. These works graphically illustrate waste (energy, money, health, consumer objects, etc.) in contemporary culture. The Bonneville Power Administration and the Eugene Water and Electricity Board provided a set of Cree 12W light-emitting diode (LED) PAR38 replacement lamps (Cree LRP38) for the museum to test for accent lighting in lieu of their standard Sylvania 90W PAR38 130V Narrow Flood lamps (which draw 78.9W at 120V). At the same time, the museum tested LED replacement lamps from three other manufacturers, and chose the Cree lamp as the most versatile and most appropriate color product for this exhibit. The lamps were installed for the opening of the show in January 2011. This report describes the process for the demonstration, the energy and economic results, and results of a survey of the museum staff and gallery visitors on four similar clusters of art lighted separately by four PAR38 lamps.

Development and Employment of Fixed-Wing Gunships 1962-1972

Science.gov (United States)

1982-01-01

Carl Berger. Mr. Eugene P. Sagstetter, Mary F. Loughlin, and Vanessa D. Allen edited, proofread, and purged the manuscript of the typographical...General Coun.el. USAF Dr. Forrest C. Pogue Lt. General Charles G. Cleveland Smithsonian Institution USAF Commander. Air University. ATC Dr. Edward L...GiUNSHIP I (AC-47) Major Interdiction Areas (Southeast Asia) A NORTH VIETNAM Bar 1 LAOS Steel Tiger THAILAND ’ * Tiger Hound *~ ~T39 VAN DEVELOPMENT OF FIXED

Hypothetical Dark Matter/axion Rockets:. Dark Matter in Terms of Space Physics Propulsion

Science.gov (United States)

Beckwith, A.

2010-12-01

Current proposed photon rocket designs include the Nuclear Photonic Rocket and the Antimatter Photonic Rocket (proposed by Eugen Sanger in the 1950s, as reported by Ref. 1). This paper examines the feasibility of improving the thrust of photon-driven ramjet propulsion by using DM rocket propulsion. The open question is: would a heavy WIMP, if converted to photons, upgrade the power (thrust) of a photon rocket drive, to make interstellar travel a feasible proposition?

Disability history: suggested readings--an annotated bibliography.

Science.gov (United States)

Burch, Susan

2005-01-01

Scholars in Disability history and Disability studies have produced a substantive corpus of works in the last two decades. The range of topics represent the diverse nature of this field. This essay is intended as an introductory historiography, and thus presents only a narrow sampling of books. It includes general works in both Disability history and Disability studies, focusing primarily on three topics in Disability history: representation, science/technology/eugenics, and memoirs.

Managing Relative Decline: An Analysis of Foreign Policy Alternatives for the United States

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-17

Eugenics Society nearly 80 years ago describing a psychological phenomenon that still permeates current macroeconomic and foreign policy discourse...share of 26.23 percent and the 2013 share of 22.83 percent represents only a 3.4 percent decline but in constant 2010 currency this amounts to more...becoming more and more diffuse. The macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions that exist today are ill-suited to an “in your face” deep engagement

Person-centered psychotherapy and the impact of the experiencing concept / Psicoterapia centrada na pessoa e o impacto do conceito de experienciação

OpenAIRE

João Carlos Caselli Messias; Vera Engler Cury

2006-01-01

The article discusses the conceptual contributions of Eugene T. Gendlin to the development of the Person-Centered Approach theory, from Carl R. Rogers, with a special distinction to Experiencing. A brief biography of the first author is presented to the Portuguese reader as well as the developments of his Philosophy of the Implicit, a specific approach nowadays. The benefits that an experiential comprehension is able to offer to the Person-Centered Professionals are also analyzed.

Roles of Knowledge in Motor Learning.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-02-02

arm dynamics, previous single trajectory learning algorithms, and much of traditional adaptive control. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Emilio Bizzi Eugene...and Lim, S.K., 1984, *Joint torque measurement of a direct-drive arm,’ Proc. 23rd Con!. Decision ad Control, Las Vegas , Dec. 12-14, pp. 1332-1337...Dynamic Systems By Learning: A New Control Theory For Servomechanisms of Mechatronics Systems." Proc. 23rd IEEE CDC, Las Vegas , Nevada Arimoto, S., S

Process Development for Reactive-Ion Etching of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Utilizing a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Etch Mask

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

Nichols, Matthew L Chin, Sina Najmaei, Eugene Zakar, and Madan Dubey Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARL Approved for public...EBL; Vistec EBPG5000+) with an exposure dose of 850 μC/cm2 and development in 25 mL of isopropyl alcohol (IPA): 10 mL methyl isobutyl ketone for...deposition EBL electron beam lithography IPA isopropyl alcohol MoS2 molybdenum disulfide O2 oxygen PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate) RIE reactive

Teorie autodomestikace v německé antropologii a biologii do roku 1945. Kontext, důsledky, zastánci.

OpenAIRE

Stella, Marco

2006-01-01

Concerned with the theory of self-domestication, claiming that humans have morphological, anatomical, physiological, behavioural or psychological traits typical for domestic animals, this master's thesis attempts to describe how anthropological and biological stories speaks to people and how people are shaped by them. Has given rise to eugenics and racial hygiene, the idea implicit to this theory that the practice of animals domestication and cultivation can be applied to humans, is still rel...

The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia. The Advisory Years to 1965

Science.gov (United States)

1981-01-01

Improved govcinmiental financial procedui s: border and coastal patrols to stop infiltra- tion and outside support of thle antr-government guerrillas...if the South Vietnamese economy could sustain enlaiged military forces. Kennedy sent a financial survey group headed by Dr. Eugene Staley to Saigon...ell Air IorcelBase. Ala Aerospace Studies Instituite . 1964 P’artner. J.. and Strirms’er. NI J The Evoluition of i/u’ Airborne torn tard ’hr Controller

In memoriam 1998

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

1999-01-01

1998. a. surnud kunstnikke maailmas: César (César Baldaccini; 1. I 1921-6. XII), Lucio Costa (27. II 1902-13.VI), Egill Jacobsen(16. XII 1910-21. IV), Victor Pasmore (3. XII 1908-23. I), Antonio Saura (22. IX 1930-22. VII); Eestis: Eugen Kask (18. I 1918-11. V), Kaja Kärner (3. VIII 1920-1. VII), Agu Pihelga (3. VIII 1910-5. I), Emilda Trepp (21. VII 1912-30. I)

The Translation of Chinese Dish Names

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

龚佳文

2015-01-01

The traditional food of a nation reflects its historical and cultural characteristics This thesis begins with an introduction to the translation situation of Chinese dish names and its existing problem nowadays, and proceeds to the translation principles and tactics for English translation of the names of Chinese dishes, based on Eugene A. Nida’ s Functional Equivalence, with an aim to improve translation efficiency and promote cross-cultural communication, and promoting Chinese food culture throughout the globe.

Zimnij put’ u Puškina. (Nacional’naja priroda kuchnja istorii kak kul’tury)

OpenAIRE

Ivanickij, Aleksandr

1998-01-01

In The Snowstorm, Captain's daughter and Eugene Onegin (chapter V, The dream of Tatyana) Pushkin's heroes of adventurous or sentimental novels are becoming partly fairy tales heroes and their roads in lives are receiving national and historical meaning. First, the adventurous way for the hero is laid by the fairy nature. Acting like a storm reforming the world, nature is continued in history (the 1812 war), or tallies with history (Pugachev's rebellion). The storm joins a...

Family Roles in Transition. In a Changing Military.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-06-18

and Management and Department of Psychology Dr. Larry Cummings College Park MD 20742 University of Wisconsin-Madison Graduate School of Business Dr. D...Graduate School of Management and Business University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 Dr. James R. Terborg University of Houston Department of Psychology Houston...AD-A107 348 UNdITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIV SAN DIEGO CA FAMILY --ETC PIG 5/1l FAMILY ROLES IN TRANSITION IN A CHANGING MILITARY (U) JUN 81 E J

The Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA): A tool to aid developers and decision makers

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mabille, E

2015-10-01

Full Text Available ): A tool to aid developers and decision makers Eugene Mabille The WASA Project Team SANEDI South African National Energy Development Institute • executing agency – contracting the implementing partners • coordination and dissemination UCT... to produce wind atlas for generalised surface conditions (uniform terrain and roughness). Files compatible with WAsP software.  Used for the first WASA published in 2012.  KAMM/WAsP method, numerically very cheap, gives good results  underestimation...

How Newspaper-Article-Events, Other Stock Market Indices, and the Foreign Currency Rate Affect the Philippine Stock Market

OpenAIRE

Percival S. Gabriel

2013-01-01

Eugene Fama in his “Efficient Market Hypothesis” introduced the term newspaper-article-event. The aim of this paper is to find out if newspaper-article-events which are presented and discussed in newspaper articles and which could collage to create an atmosphere of investment, together with the indices of other stock markets (treated as other events) and the performance of the Philippine Peso against the US Dollar (considered as another event) could affect the closing Philippine Stock Market ...

Person-centered psychotherapy and the impact of the experiencing concept / Psicoterapia centrada na pessoa e o impacto do conceito de experienciação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Carlos Caselli Messias

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The article discusses the conceptual contributions of Eugene T. Gendlin to the development of the Person-Centered Approach theory, from Carl R. Rogers, with a special distinction to Experiencing. A brief biography of the first author is presented to the Portuguese reader as well as the developments of his Philosophy of the Implicit, a specific approach nowadays. The benefits that an experiential comprehension is able to offer to the Person-Centered Professionals are also analyzed.

Ethno-confessional realities in the Romanian area: historical perspectives (XVII-XX centuries)

OpenAIRE

2011-01-01

Contents: Barbu ŞTEFĂNESCU: Foreword; Barbu ŞTEFĂNESCU: Confessionalisation and Community Sociability (Transylvania, 18th Century – First Half of the 19th Century); Ion GUMENÂI Religious Minorities in Bessarabia during the -Reaction‖ of Nikolai I (The Case of Jewish Population); Eugen GHIŢĂ: Population, Ethnicity and Confession in the County of Arad in the Eighteenth Century and Early Nineteenth Century; Lavinia BUDA: “Oratory or the Rosary? a Nonexistent Controversy” in the Greek Catholi...

An Analysis of the Substitution Effect and of Revenue Effect in the Case of the Consumer’s Theory Provided with a CES Utility Function

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catalin Angelo Ioan

2012-02-01

Full Text Available In the consumer’s theory, a crucial problem is to determine the substitution effect and therevenue effect in the case of one good price’s modifing. There exists two theories due to John RichardHicks and Eugen Slutsky which allocates differentsshares of the total change of the consumption tothese effects. The paper makes an analysis betweenthe two effects, considering the general case of aCES utility function and introduces three indicators which will characterize these shares.

A History of the Louisville District, Corps of Engineers United States Army, 1970-1983

Science.gov (United States)

1984-01-01

on the project in 1954, and in 1962 Secretary of Army Elvis Stahr, Jr., recom- mended the project to Congress. Mter Con- gress approved the project...their opinions on the merits of the gorge and the project. One was former Secretary of the Army Elvis Stahr, who had become president of the National...Rick Garmom , Bob Weido, Frank DeGott, Kenny Hudston. Top pict.ure from left, front row: Eugene Presley , Bill Kreisle, Herschel St. Ledger, Farrel

Reproductive autonomy: A case study

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David R Hall

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Reproductive autonomy (RA has been challenged by the availability of genetic information, disability and the ethics of selective reproduction. Utilitarian and rights-based approaches, as well as procreative beneficence (PB fail to provide compelling reasons for infringing RA, and may even be likened to dangerous eugenics. Parents are not morally obliged to prevent the birth of a disabled child. Society should rather adopt inclusivity, recognising and providing persons with disabilities opportunities for capability and worthwhile lives.

Modeling Aerosol Particle Deposition on a Person Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

2015-04-03

Consulting Inc. 534 Paradise Crescent, Waterloo, Ontario PWGSC Contractor Number: W7702-155701/001/EDM Contract Scientific Authority: Eugene Yee...Fluid Dynamics Final Report Hua Ji and Fue-Sang Lien Waterloo CFD Engineering Consulting Inc. (WATCFD) 534 Paradise Cres, Waterloo Ontario, N2L 3G1...enters a new eddy. The time step is chosen to be the minimum of one fifth of the eddy lifetime or one fifth of the minimum side length of the local

Fighting the Big War with the Small Hammer: Operational Planning for the Medium Force

Science.gov (United States)

2015-05-23

2008), 26. 27 Christopher F. Foss, eds., Jane’s: Armour and Artillery 2004-2005 (Alexandria, VA: Jane’s Information Group, 2004), 159, 409, and 553...WA: Headquarters 9th Infantry Division, 1989. Bradley, Omar N. A Soldier’s Story. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company Inc , 1951. Brown, John S...Foss, Christopher F., eds. Jane’s: Armour and Artillery 2004-2005. Alexandria, VA: Jane’s Information Group, 2004. Fubini, Eugene G. Task Force on

Web of Science use in published research and review papers 1997-2017: a selective, dynamic, cross-domain, content-based analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Kai; Rollins, Jason; Yan, Erjia

2018-01-01

Clarivate Analytics's Web of Science (WoS) is the world's leading scientific citation search and analytical information platform. It is used as both a research tool supporting a broad array of scientific tasks across diverse knowledge domains as well as a dataset for large-scale data-intensive studies. WoS has been used in thousands of published academic studies over the past 20 years. It is also the most enduring commercial legacy of Eugene Garfield. Despite the central position WoS holds in contemporary research, the quantitative impact of WoS has not been previously examined by rigorous scientific studies. To better understand how this key piece of Eugene Garfield's heritage has contributed to science, we investigated the ways in which WoS (and associated products and features) is mentioned in a sample of 19,478 English-language research and review papers published between 1997 and 2017, as indexed in WoS databases. We offered descriptive analyses of the distribution of the papers across countries, institutions and knowledge domains. We also used natural language processingtechniques to identify the verbs and nouns in the abstracts of these papers that are grammatically connected to WoS-related phrases. This is the first study to empirically investigate the documentation of the use of the WoS platform in published academic papers in both scientometric and linguistic terms.

Sociology in Times of Crisis: Chen Da, National Salvation and the Indigenization of Knowledge

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Ana Maria Candela

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Chen Da was one of the foremost sociologists of China from the 1920s to the 1940s. His intellectual habitus took shape from the long crisis that defined Chinese intellectual life from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries, a period of continuous imperial assault on Chinese sovereignty. As China integrated into the capitalist world-system, neo-Confucian structures of knowledge came into question. Intellectuals took up sociology to guide China’s transition from an empire to a nation-state. Through his studies on labor, migration, and population, Chen Da contributed to the institutionalization of sociology in China. Chen sought to craft a theory of Chinese development that followed universal trajectories of progress but was also attuned to the complexity of Chinese society on the ground. Through his efforts to indigenize sociology, Chen developed a non-Marxist historical materialism, a deterritorialized and pluralistic conceptualization of China as a nation, and a theory of eugenic transformation centered on the concept of “mode of living.” The questions which Chen Da confronted are emblematic of the predicament faced by Chinese social scientists today, who again struggle with the dynamics of a deterritorialzied “Greater China,” rising social fragmentation, and refigured eugenic discourses and policies that aim to craft the Chinese people into ideal national subjects fit for post-socialist development.

El eclipse de los conceptos. Sobre el debate de la violencia rebelde/franquista

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Jorge Marco

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza dos debates cen-trales en los estudios sobre la violencia rebel-de/franquista durante la Guerra Civil española y el franquismo: las tensiones conceptuales entre el exterminio y el programa de conversión forzosa en el marco de la intención aniquiladora de los perpetradores; y el debate sobre los efectos de la eugenesia franquista en la cons-trucción del “enemigo interno” y en la planifica-ción de la violencia. El autor reflexiona sobre diferentes marcos teóricos aplicados en España: genocidio, exterminio, limpieza política, etc.; y advierte de los peligros de ciertos excesos conceptuales.Palabras clave: genocidio, eugenesia, exterminio, Guerra Civil española, franquismo, violencia.________________Abstract: The article analyzes two central deba-tes in studies of rebel/francoist violence during the Spanish Civil War and the Franco dictator-ship: the conceptual tensions between extermi-nation and the forced conversion program within the framework of the perpetrators’ annihilating intentions; and the debate regar-ding the effects of Francoist eugenics in cons-tructing the "enemy" and planning violence. The author reflects on different theoretical fra-meworks applied in Spain: genocide, extermina-tion, political cleansing, etc.; and warns of the dangers of certain conceptual excesses.Keywords: Genocide, Eugenics, Extermi-nation, Spanish Civil War, Francoist Dictatorship, Violence.

History, memory and reconciliation: Njabulo Ndebele’s The cry of Winnie Mandela and Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela’s A human being died that night

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Goodman

2006-07-01

Full Text Available This article deals with two texts written during the process of transition in South Africa, using them to explore the cultural and ethical complexity of that process. Both Njabulo Ndebele’s “The cry of Winnie Mandela” and Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela’s “A human being died that night” deal with controversial public figures, Winnie Mandela and Eugene de Kock respectively, whose role in South African history has made them part of the national iconography. Ndebele and Gobodo-Madikizela employ narrative techniques that expose and exploit faultlines in the popular representations of these figures. The two texts offer radical ways of understanding the communal and individual suffering caused by apartheid, challenging readers to respond to the past in ways that will promote healing rather than perpetuate a spirit of revenge. The part played by official histories is implicitly questioned and the role of individual stories is shown to be crucial. Forgiveness and reconciliation are seen as dependent on an awareness of the complex circumstances and the humanity of those who are labelled as offenders. This requirement applies especially to the case of “A human being died that night”, a text that insists that the overt acknowledgement of the humanity of people like Eugene de Kock is an important way of healing South African society.

Public Attitudes toward Human Genetic Manipulation: A Revitalization of Eugenics?

Science.gov (United States)

Veglia, Geremia; And Others

The purpose of this investigation was to measure the attitudes of college students across the United States concerning the possible use of genetic manipulation, especially in terms of enhancing human physical and intellectual characteristics. The instrument used was divided into three general areas of inquiry: the first, designed to measure the…

Ravisüsteemi lisaraha nõudmine põhjendamatu / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2011-01-01

Autor leiab, et rahvuslikku jõukust ja tervishoiu korraldust (vähene ennetusele orienteeritus) arvestades on kulutused raviteenustele põhjendamatult suured. Tervishoidu lisaraha taotlemise asemel tuleks rõhuasetust muuta, teha pööre kvantiteedilt kvaliteedile

Eesti madal maksukoormus on müüt / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Nädaline ja Koit 8. juuli lk. 4 ja 6, Valgamaalane 17. juuli lk. 2. Autor kirjutab, et Eesti madalast maksukoormusest rääkides on võrreldamatute näitajate võrdlemine viinud valede järeldusteni

Riigikogu hoone / Herbert Voldemar Johanson, Eugen Habermann, Alar Kotli...[jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

23 ill.; fotod: Andres Teiss; autorid: H. Johanson, E. Habermann, saaliavade ja aknapõskede kujundamisel oli abiks J. Koort; 1935. a. rajati A. Kotli projekti järgi lossi lõunatiib; valge saal rekonstrueeriti 1936. a. A. Perna ja J. Ostrati kavandite järgi; Eesti taasiseseisvumise järel on hoonet M. Kalmu, L. Pärtelpoja, M. ja K. Kurismaa ning Ü. Saare juhendamisel renoveeritud; Riigikogu esimehe kabineti vaiba (1938) kavandas Adamson-Eric, kontorimööbli kujundasid 1997. a. EKA sisearhitektuuri üliõpilased L. Pärtelpoja juhendamisel

Women's Rights? : The Politics of Eugenic Abortion in Modern Japan

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kato, Masae

2009-01-01

Dit boek verkent het concept 'recht'. Hoe dit concept een rol heeft gespeeld in het veroorzaken van onenigheid en misvatting tussen bewegingen van gehandicapte mensen en vrouwen met betrekking tot de kwestie van selectieve abortus in Japan. Tegelijkertijd, probeert de schrijfster om het concept van

Eugene P. Wigner – in the light of unexpected events

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Koblinger L.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In the first part of the paper, Wigner’s humane attitude is overviewed based on the author’s personal impressions and on selected quotations from Wigner and his contemporaries. The second part briefly summarizes Wigner’s contribution to the development of nuclear science and technology.

Depuration: An administrative overview

OpenAIRE

Somerset, I

1992-01-01

At the 1964 National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop, Mr. Eugene Jensen presented a thought-provoking paper outlining the rationale for the depuration of shellfish. Mr. Jensen noted that "we are committed to the principal that shellfish must be as safe to eat as other ordinary food" and that "the problems of assuring the sanitary quality of coastal areas will increase rather than diminish. This is not the same as saying that pollution will increase" (Jensen, 1964). It is recognised that additio...

On Wigner's problem, computability theory, and the definition of life

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Swain, J.

1998-01-01

In 1961, Eugene Wigner presented a clever argument that in a world which is adequately described by quantum mechanics, self-reproducing systems in general, and perhaps life in particular, would be incredibly improbable. The problem and some attempts at its solution are examined, and a new solution is presented based on computability theory. In particular, it is shown that computability theory provides limits on what can be known about a system in addition to those which arise from quantum mechanics. (author)

TESTING THE EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS ON THE ROMANIAN CAPITAL MARKET

OpenAIRE

Daniel Stefan ARMEANU; Sorin-Iulian CIOACA

2014-01-01

The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is one of the leading financial concepts that dominated the economic research over the last 50 years, being one of the pillars of the modern economic science. This theory, developed by Eugene Fama in the `70s, was a landmark in the development of theoretical concepts and models trying to explain the price evolution of financial assets (considering the common assumptions of the main developed theories) and also for the development of some branches in the f...

"What's happened to this family anyway?" : the disintegration of the American family in selected plays by O'Neill, Miller, and Shepard

OpenAIRE

Mathisen, Kari

2009-01-01

This thesis examines the disintegration of the American family as depicted in selected plays by Eugene O’Neill, Arthur Miller, and Sam Shepard. Four plays are central: Long Day’s Journey into Night (1956), Death of a Salesman (1949), Buried Child (1978), and True West (1980). (Journey and Salesman constitute my major focus and serve to generate my thesis statement, while Buried Child and True West illuminate the thematic concerns of Journey and Salesman from quite a different perspective, and...

Der Siebenbürgische Karpatenverein (1880-1944

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Michael Wedekind

2001-05-01

Full Text Available Der rumänische Schriftsteller Mihail Sebastian (eigentlich Iosif Hechter; 1907-1945, der zusammen mit Petru Comarnescu (1905-1970, Mircea Eliade (1907-1986, Eugen Ionescu (1909-1994, Constantin Noica (1909-1987 und Emil Cioran (1911-1995 bis zu seiner zunehmenden gesellschaftlichen Isolierung zur intellektuellen Elite Rumäniens der 1930er Jahre zählte, schildert in seinem bedeutendsten, erstmals 1940 veröffentlichten Roman Der Unfall eine Welt kurz vor ihrem Untergang — jene des städtis...

Anniversary celebrations at the National Museum of History

OpenAIRE

Elena Ploşniţa

2014-01-01

December 21, 2013 we celebrated 30 years since the founding of the National Museum of History of Moldova. On this occasion the museum has organized several events. Program of the day began with a Round Table “Policies for conservation and restoration of the museum heritage in the Republic of Moldova”. Then, the general director of the museum Eugen Sava opened a solemn assembly in the museum’s Blue Room. During the meeting there were presented congratulatory words addressed to the participants...

ABOUT THE FOUNDERS OF LEGAL SOCIOLOGY AND THEIR IDEAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MIRELA CRISTIANA NILĂ STRATONE

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The main founders of the juridical sociology are considered to be Eugen Ehrlich, Max Weber, Theodor Geiger and Georges Gurvitch, The researches of juridical sociology from Romania are demonstrating the existence of a real tradition in this domain at a national standard. Some roumanian explores of formation jurists have practicated in the cognitive demarche a sociologycal abordation about the law, what have been fatal conduced to the fixing of the base of the juridical sociology in Romania.

Multidimensional journal evaluation analyzing scientific periodicals beyond the impact factor

CERN Document Server

Haustein, Stefanie

2012-01-01

Scientific communication depends primarily on publishing in journals. The most important indicator to determine the influence of a journal is the Impact Factor. Since this factor only measures the average number of citations per article in a certain time window, it can be argued that it does not reflect the actual value of a periodical. This book defines five dimensions, which build a framework for a multidimensional method of journal evaluation. The author is winner of the Eugene Garfield Doctoral Dissertation Scholarship 2011.