Salud oral de los escolares de Ceuta: influencias de la edad, el género, la etnia y el nivel socioeconómico

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Nieto García Víctor Miguel

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La caries dental tiene una etiología multifactorial en la que intervienen características del huésped (saliva y esmalte dental, de la flora bucal (placa bacteriana y del substrato sobre el que ésta se desarrolla (higiene oral y dieta. El objetivo de este trabajo es medir la prevalencia de caries, enfermedad periodontal y maloclusión en la población escolar de Ceuta, y su distribución según edad, género, etnia y nivel socioeconómico (NSE -medido a través de la ocupación paterna-. Métodos: Se realizó una exploración física de la cavidad bucal a una muestra de escolares de 7, 12 y 14 años (n=347 del distrito sanitario de Ceuta con el fin de calcular los índices cao -dentición temporal-, CAO -dentición definitiva-, CPITN y de maloclusión. La selección de la muestra se realizó de forma aleatoria, estratificada polietápica. Se valoró la significación estadística de las diferencias encontradas aplicando las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado, T de Student. y F de Snedecor. Se calcularon las razones de ventaja (Odds Ratio, según sexo, etnia y NSE, de un índice CAO superior a la mediana de la distribución en escolares de 12 y 14 años. Resultados: El índice cao (piezas cariadas, ausentes y obturadas en dentición temporal es 3,02 a los 7 años y el índice CAO (piezas cariadas, ausentes y obturadas en dentición definitiva es 3,91 a los 12 años y 4,46 a los 14 años. Las razones de ventaja (OR de un índice CAO> 4 a los 12-14 años y sus intervalos de confianza (IC son los siguientes: 2,26 según género (IC95%= 1,27-4,05, 2,17 según etnia (IC95%=1,18-3,99 y 1,80 según NSE (IC95%=0,85-3,81. En el estrato de bajo NSE la OR por etnia es 1,38 (IC95%= 0,28-7,0. No se observan diferencias significativas en la distribución de maloclusión ni de enfermedad periodontal -excepto por edad-. Conclusiones: Los valores del índice CAO en escolares de Ceuta son más elevados que el promedio nacional y superiores al objetivo marcado

Prevención, desde la Educación Infantil, del abandono escolar temprano en la etnia gitana

OpenAIRE

Álvarez de la Fuente, Natalia

2014-01-01

El abandono escolar en la etnia gitana es muy elevado. La labor conjunta de las familias gitanas, los docentes y los trabajadores sociales es fundamental para intentar prevenir dicho abandono y conseguir que los niños gitanos tengan éxito en el colegio. Actualmente, las familias gitanas cada vez están más concienciadas de la importancia y el valor que tiene la educación. Por esta razón, el número de niños gitanos que hay en las aulas de Educación Infantil cada vez es mayor. Es importante, des...

El Amazonas en el camino de la sostenibilidad

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Nelson Pinilla

2003-11-01

Full Text Available La Amazonia es en la conciencia colectiva del planeta el espacio natural y cultural más conservado y donde es posible el desarrollo sostenible. Pero la realidad es otra: factores históricos y económicos, aunados a la codicia, la ignorancia y las erradas políticas andinas para las selvas han llevado a esta región a soportar intensos procesos de deforestación y extracción de sus recursos naturales y culturales. Al analizar la encrucijada del sin modelo económico actual del Amazonas, se encuentra que la salida está en apoyar técnica y decididamente a los productores indígenas y campesinos para estructurar participativamente encadenamientos comerciales entre diferentes sectores productivos, como una gran red asociativa de "empresas" e iniciativas sostenibles locales.

Prevalencia del Enteroparasitismo en escolares de comunidades nativas del Alto Marañon, Amazonas, Perú

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Nicanor Ibáñez H

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por protozoarios y helmintos intestinales y su relación con el sexo, localidad de procedencia y grupo etáreo, en escolares nativos de la zona selvática del Alto Marañón, provincia de Bagua, departamento de Amazonas, Perú. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio transversal-observacional se seleccionó a los colegios representativos de la mencionada región lográndose examinar las muestras fecales de 1049 escolares de seis a 15 años de edad, entre octubre de 2001 y octubre de 2002, usando las técnicas microscópicas de observación directa, con solución salina fisiológica y lugol, de Teleman y de Kinnyoun. Resultados: La prevalencia de los protozoos y helmintos intestinales hallados es: Entamoeba coli 68,0%; Blastocystis hominis 28,4%; Endolimax nana 23,9%; Iodamoeba butschlii 32,9%; Giardia lamblia 21,4%; Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 12,9%; Cryptosporidium sp 01,9%; Paragonimus peruvianus 00,7% y Fasciola hepatica 00,2% (que no son parásitos intestinales sino de ubicación pulmonar y de vías biliares, respectivamente, pero sus huevos se encuentran en el contenido intestinal; Ancylostoma/Necartor 30,4%; Ascaris lumbricoides 28,9%; Trichocephalus trichiura 16,6%; Enterobius vermicularis 03,6%; Hymenolepis nana 03,5%; Taenia solium/saginata 00,2%; Strongyloides stercoralis 00,8% e H. diminuta 00,2%. Conclusiones: Ancylostoma/Necartor y A. lumbricoides se presentaron con mayor prevalencia en las poblaciones de menor edad de las comunidades de Mesones Muro y Nazaret, mientras que la infección humana por P. peruvianus se registra por primera vez en la región nororiental del Perú.

Nuevo registro del loro frente blanca (Amazona albifrons para la Isla de Cozumel, Quintana Roo, México

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Alexis Herminio Plasencia Vázquez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Reportamos, por primera vez en la literatura científica, al loro frente blanca (Amazona albifrons como especie introducida en áreas urbanas de la Isla de Cozumel, Quintana Roo, durante el trabajo de campo realizado en el mes de abril de 2011. Su presencia sólo en áreas urbanas de la isla, la capacidad de la especie para poder vivir con éxito en áreas urbanas, la abundancia de árboles frutales y su uso como mascota por los isleños nos permite sugerir que los individuos registrados son resultado de escapes o fueron liberados por sus dueños. Es probable que las condiciones sean favorables para el establecimiento de una población dentro del poblado de San Miguel de Cozumel, lo que debe monitorearse en el futuro.

Caracterización toxinológica del veneno de Bothrops Atrox de Puerto Ayacucho, Edo. Amazonas (Venezuela) y su neutralización por un antiveneno venezolano

OpenAIRE

Duque Zerpa, Carmen Teresa; Fernández, Irma; Vargas, Alba M.; López, Juan Carlos; Scannone, Héctor

2014-01-01

Bothrops atrox es reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como una de las serpientes suramericanas, que comúnmente causa incapacidad física o muerte. En Venezuela, esta especie se localiza en los estados Amazonas, Bolívar y Delta Amacuro siendo responsable de un cuadro fisiopatológico caracterizado por edema, hemorragia, necrosis, incoagulabilidad sanguínea y hemólisis. Para el tratamiento del envenenamiento por esta especie, en Venezuela se produce un ...

Inaptos de oro: figuraciones del otro en el teatro portugués del siglo XVI

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José Camões

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Las figuraciones de etnias minoritarias marginalizadas han sido una presencia constante en el teatro portugués del siglo XVI. Se analizan casos concretos que muestran como el teatro estrecha las márgenes, integrando en el universo ficcional la realidad cotidiana.

Interseccionalidade gênero, raça e etnia e a lei Maria da Penha

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Raquel da Silva Silveira

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A violência de gênero contra as mulheres é um fenômeno mundial abordado exaustivamente. Este artigo discute como a interseccionalidade gênero, raça e etnia emerge nos discursos jurídicos sobre as mulheres que acessam a justiça. O referencial teórico foi composto pela analítica do poder de Michel Foucault articulada aos conceitos de interseccionalidade, gênero, raça e etnia. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no Poder Judiciário de Porto Alegre e de Sevilha entre agosto de 2010 e outubro de 2012. Foram construídas três amostras de conveniência: entrevistas com 290 mulheres, análise de 70 processos judiciais e de 55 boletins de ocorrência. Foram realizadas entrevistas com quatro juízes/as de Porto Alegre e dois juízes em Sevilha. Os resultados apontam uma sobrerrepresentação das mulheres negras nos boletins de ocorrência, nas entrevistas, mas não nos processos. Apesar disso, os/as juízes/as entrevistados/as compreendem que a interseccionalidade gênero-raça e etnia não interfere no acesso à justiça.

SABERES TRADICIONALES SOBRE EL USO Y MANEJO DEL P+CAÁJKE EN LA ETNIA BORA COMUNIDAD DE PROVIDENCIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA EDUCACIÓN PROPIA

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Josefina Teteye Eimenekene1

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Investigación realizada en el río Igaraparaná, Amazonia colombiana, con la comunidad indígena bora de Providencia, en los clanes Ts+ts+vemuna, Boaj+, +vamuje. El propósito fue documentar los saberes tradicionales en torno al significado, uso y manejo del p+caájke y realizar una descripción etnobotánica de la planta. La metodología es de corte hermenéutico, con una técnica etnográfica, que implicó fases de descripción, categorización e interpretación. Como resultado se encontró que los saberes, uso y manejo del p+caájke se centran en el concepto de abundancia, constituido por ocho dimensiones relacionadas con la prevención de males, mayor producción de los frutos de la chagra, valores femeninos, trabajo, alimento, espiritualidad, salud, armonía y variedad. Con base en esta caracterización, se realizó una descripción de los procesos educativos propios de la etnia bora y se hizo una propuesta pedagógica, de carácter intercultural, que busca generar un diálogo de saberes, entre los conocimientos ancestrales en torno al p+caájke y sus significados, con el conocimiento escolar, específicamente en el grado tercero de primaria.

Comportamiento reproductivo en las etnias de Antioquia-Colombia

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Arias-Valencia María Mercedes

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Caracterizar el calendario, la intensidad y el ritmo reproductivos en dos etnias: los Embera en los subgrupos Eyabida, Dobida y Chamibida, y los Zenúes. Material y métodos. Es un estudio sociodemográfico comparativo con la técnica de historia reproductiva. En una muestra no aleatoria, estratificada por etnia, se hacen comparaciones intra e interétnicas entre 1996 y 1997, en el Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Las pruebas estadísticas aplicadas para muestras independientes, utilizando el procesador Epi-Info fueron t de Student para la diferencia de promedios y ji cuadrada para diferencia de proporciones. Resultados. El comportamiento reproductivo se caracteriza por una entrada a la unión entre los 14.6 y los 15.8 años; con intervalos de 1 a 1.3 años antes de la primera gestación, seguida por intervalos intergenésicos cortos entre 48% y 73.3% con presión reproductiva mayor de 50% durante la edad fértil y ritmo acelerado entre los 30 y los 34 años con tasas de fecundidad hasta 10.5 hijos, excepto las chamibida con 3.9. Conclusiones. Las políticas sobre salud reproductiva actuales están lejos de ser apropiadas, en tanto desconocen la especificidad de estos grupos étnicos. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Estatura de padres e hijos chilenos de diferente etnia y vulnerabilidad social

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Amigo Hugo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analizar y comparar la estatura de niños que ingresan a la escuela y la de sus padres, de acuerdo con sus antecedentes étnicos y nivel socioeconómico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, realizado entre 1997 y 1999, en Santiago y la zona centro-sur de Chile, en 351 escolares indígenas y 531 no indígenas, y sus padres, provenientes de comunas de tres niveles de vulnerabilidad social: muy alta (pobreza, mediana y muy baja. Escolar indígena era el que tenía sus cuatro apellidos mapuches, el no indígena tenía sus cuatro apellidos de origen chileno-español. La estatura se comparó en medidas estandarizadas (puntaje Z utilizando como referencia la medición del cambio nutricional propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se estimaron las diferencias de medias de estatura padres-hijos con análisis de varianza y se determinó el origen de tales diferencias al aplicar el procedimiento de Scheffe. RESULTADOS: Los progenitores en ambas etnias aumentaron sus promedios de estatura al mejorar las condiciones sociales, excepto las madres indígenas que no presentaron incremento significativo. Los padres de la muy alta vulnerabilidad midieron 4 cm menos que los de la muy baja vulnerabilidad y las madres 2 cm menos (p<0.001. En los escolares indígenas hay una gradiente positiva de estatura a medida que mejoran las condiciones sociales (p<0.001, no así en los no indígenas. Al comparar la estatura de progenitores e hijo(as se observa que los escolares presentaron un índice talla/edad mayor que sus padres (p<0.01, especialmente los escolares indígenas que en promedio tuvieron 1.4 puntajes Z más que sus padres. CONCLUSIONES: El incremento de estatura observado al mejorar las condiciones sociales y la mayor adecuación de talla de los hijos, independientemente de la etnia y vulnerabilidad social, representa un hecho alentador y sugiere que se debe estimular la formulación de intervenciones para los grupos m

Prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil del VIH en gestantes y madres awajún y wampis de la región Amazonas en Perú

OpenAIRE

Huamán, Byelca; Gushiken, Alfonso; Benites, Carlos; Quiroz, Fabiola; García-Fernández, Lisset

2017-01-01

Objetivos. Identificar las barreras que limitan el cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil (TMI) del VIH, en comunidades indígenas de la región Amazonas en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a gestantes y madres de niños menores de un año de las comunidades indígenas awajún y wampis diagnosticadas con VIH durante el 2014-2015. Resultados. Participaron 15 de 29 mujere...

Prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil del VIH en gestantes y madres awajún y wampis de la región Amazonas en Perú

OpenAIRE

Huamán, Byelca; Estrategia Sanitaria de Prevención y Control de ITS, VIH/SIDA y hepatitis B. Ministerio de Salud. Lima, Perú. Licenciada, magíster en Epidemiología; Gushiken, Alfonso; Instituto Nacional de Salud. Lima, Perú. médico, magíster en salud pública; Benites, Carlos; Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. Lima, Perú. médico cirujano; Quiroz, Fabiola; UNICEF, Perú. licenciado magíster en salud pública; García-Fernández, Lisset; Estrategia Sanitaria de Prevención y Control de ITS, VIH/SIDA y hepatitis B. Ministerio de Salud. Lima, Perú. médico, magíster en salud pública

2017-01-01

RESUMEN Objetivos Identificar las barreras que limitan el cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil (TMI) del VIH, en comunidades indígenas de la región Amazonas en Perú. Materiales y métodos Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a gestantes y madres de niños menores de un año de las comunidades indígenas awajún y wampis diagnosticadas con VIH durante el 2014-2015. Resultados Participaron 15 d...

Etnia y tradición religiosa: adoraciones nortecaucanas del Niño Dios

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Heliana Portes de Roux

1986-04-01

Full Text Available En los primeros meses de cada año los pobladores negros de muchas localidades del norte del departamento del Cauca y del sur del departamento del Valle, celebran las adoraciones del Niño Dios. Las adoraciones -como se las suele denominar- constituyen la manifestación religiosa más importante de la población negra de la región, tanto por su arraigo en la tradición como por la connotación social que tienen.

Gênero, etnia e movimentos sociais na história da educação

OpenAIRE

Forde, Gustavo Henrique Araújo; Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo

2013-01-01

FRANCO, Sebastião Pimentel; SÁ, Nicanor Palhares (Org.). Gênero, etnia e movimentos sociais nahistória da educação. Vitória – ES: EDUFES, 2011.(Coleção Horizontes da pesquisa em História daEducação no Brasil, 9).

LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS DEL ORINOCO. UNA PROPUESTA DIDÁCTICA

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Francisco José Argente del Castillo Sánc

2001-07-01

Full Text Available La cuenca del Orinoco forma una unidad de paisaje en la que el clima ha dado lugar al desarrollo de espacios de sabana y de selva tropical. Este espacio fue ocupado por una gran variedad de etnias que establecieron unas formas de relación con el medio. Así, desarrollaron su cultura material y espiritual, en gran medida ya olvidada. Esto ha sucedido como consecuencia de los procesos de aculturación vividos. Este trabajo constituye una unidad didáctica sobre las etnias que habitan estos territorios, con el fin de ser utilizada como material de programación en el tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria.

YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, SEROGROUP O:1A, INFECTION IN TWO AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA AESTIVA AND AMAZONA ORATRIX) WITH HEPATIC HEMOSIDEROSIS.

Science.gov (United States)

Galosi, Livio; Farneti, Silvana; Rossi, Giacomo; Cork, Susan Catherine; Ferraro, Stefano; Magi, Gian Enrico; Petrini, Stefano; Valiani, Andrea; Cuteri, Vincenzo; Attili, Anna-Rita

2015-09-01

Necropsies were conducted on a female blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and a female yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) that died after depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and biliverdin in the urine. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed multifocal necrosis in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and heart caused by acute bacteremia. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serogroup O:1a, was isolated by culturing from the visceral lesions in the liver, intestines, and spleen. Virulence gene analysis showed the presence of the inv gene and the complete pathogenicity island: IS100, psn, yptE, irp1, irp2 ybtP-ybtQ, ybtX-ybtS, and int asnT-Int. Histopathologic findings and chemical analysis also demonstrated hepatic hemosiderosis. As has been demonstrated in other species, hemosiderosis may predispose Amazona spp. to systemic infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis after enteric disease.

A molecular phylogeny of Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation.

Science.gov (United States)

Russello, Michael A; Amato, George

2004-02-01

Amazon parrots (Genus Amazona) are among the most recognizable and imperiled of all birds. Several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary history of Amazona are investigated using a combined phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data from six partitions including mitochondrial (COI, 12S, and 16S) and nuclear (beta-fibint7, RP40, and TROP) regions. The results demonstrate that Amazona is not monophyletic with respect to the placement of the Yellow-faced parrot (Amazona xanthops), as first implied by. In addition, the analysis corroborates previous studies suggesting a Neotropical short-tailed parrot genus as sister to Amazona. At a finer level, the phylogeny resolves the Greater Antillean endemic species as constituting a monophyletic group, including the Central American Amazona albifrons, while further revealing a paraphyletic history for the extant Amazon species of the Lesser Antilles. The reconstructed phylogeny provides further insights into the mainland sources of the Antillean Amazona, reveals areas of taxonomic uncertainty within the genus, and presents historical information that may be included in conservation priority-setting for Amazon parrots.

Praticas socioculturais e de cuidado a saude de idosos em diferentes etnias

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Jossiana Wilke Faller

2013-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar práticas de cuidado à saúde e em situação de adoecimento adotadas por idosos de diferentes etnias. METODOS: O Interacionismo Simbólico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados foram utilizados como estratégia teórico-metodológica. Dados coletados de fevereiro a julho de 2011 entre 33 idosos de cinco etnias diferentes, em seus domicílios. RESULTADOS: Os cuidados na saúde envolvem atividade física, alimentação, oração e trabalho, e somente os franceses demonstraram preocupação com isso ao longo da vida. Em situação de adoecimento, a fé e a religiosidade norteiam o cuidado entre os libaneses; a utilização de chás entre os paraguaios; a medicina tradicional associada ao uso de chás entre os franceses, chineses e brasileiros. CONCLUSÃO: As diferentes práticas de cuidado devem ser conhecidas pela enfermagem gerontológica, pois aproximam o profissional do idoso e sua família, permitindo-lhes planejar e implementar ações adequadas a cada situação específica.

THE HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONSHIP FROM THE INDIGENOUS BIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: A PARTICULARIZED AND DIVERSE MODEL OF CONTRIBUTION TO TEACHING NATURAL SCIENCES AND BIOLOGY IN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY SCHOOLS IN THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON.

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Ferney Noè Iyokina Gittoma

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This article come from to reflection about the practice, the action and the profesional dialogue, that from formative`s process and the academic activities like Graduates in Biology of the National Pedagogical University of the central place and CERES (Regional Centre for Higher Education the Chorrera- Amazonas, like a experience with indigenous Amazonian in a cultural context, particulary Etnia Okaina, in the community Divina Pastora school from shelter Predio Putumayo district Chorrera- Amazonas. Colombiam (2013 and Etnia Piapoco from Guadalupe Morichal school from big shelter unified of the jungle from Matavén from colombian Guaviare. Where de reflection aim try to give evidences and re- meaning the Amazon biocultural context in their symbolics expresions: Natural- Human- Spiritual, as potencials links in the motivation process from cultural reassert and care the life, with the aim to share referents and methodological strategies and didactics that contribute in formative process in the area of natural sciences and biology in indigenous schools of this country since inter- relational and socio- educative look.

Persisting problems related to race and ethnicity in public health and epidemiology research Problemas persistentes relacionados con la raza y etnia en la investigación en salud pública y epidemiología Problemas persistentes relacionados à raça e etnia na pesquisa em saúde pública e epidemiologia

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Jean-Claude Moubarac

2013-02-01

Full Text Available A recent and comprehensive review of the use of race and ethnicity in research that address health disparities in epidemiology and public health is provided. First it is described the theoretical basis upon which race and ethnicity differ drawing from previous work in anthropology, social science and public health. Second, it is presented a review of 280 articles published in high impacts factor journals in regards to public health and epidemiology from 2009-2011. An analytical grid enabled the examination of conceptual, theoretical and methodological questions related to the use of both concepts. The majority of articles reviewed were grounded in a theoretical framework and provided interpretations from various models. However, key problems identified include a a failure from researchers to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity; b an inappropriate use of racial categories to ascribe ethnicity; c a lack of transparency in the methods used to assess both concepts; and d failure to address limits associated with the construction of racial or ethnic taxonomies and their use. In conclusion, future studies examining health disparities should clearly establish the distinction between race and ethnicity, develop theoretically driven research and address specific questions about the relationships between race, ethnicity and health. One argue that one way to think about ethnicity, race and health is to dichotomize research into two sets of questions about the relationship between human diversity and health.Se realizó revisión reciente y amplia de la utilización de raza y etnia en investigaciones dedicadas a las disparidades de salud en epidemiología y salud pública. Se describió la base teórica sobre cual raza y etnia difieren en los métodos de trabajos en ciencia, antropología social y de salud pública. La revisión fue hecha con base en la selección de artículos publicados en revistas de alto factor de impacto en lo que

Juan Puma, el hijo del oso. Cuento quechua de La Jalca, Chachapoyas

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1997-01-01

Full Text Available JUAN PUMA, LE FILS DE L'OURS . CONTE QUECHUA DE LA JALCA, CHACHAPOYAS. Une des fêtes les plus importantes de la communauté de La Jalca, Province de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, est celle de la Saint-Pierre où l’on exécute une danse de l’ours très semblable à celle des ukukus du sud péruvien. Le narrateur du récit que nous publions ici assimile ce rite à l’histoire de Juan Oso (Jean de l’Ours très connue dans le monde andin. L’importance de l’ours dans cette culture des hautes terres amazoniennes est fondamentale. En quechua local, l’ours s’appelle “puma” et partage avec le puma de la forêt les caractéristiques de puissance effrayante et de pouvoirs surnaturels. Le fils de l’ours, Juan, évoque les relations ambiguës liant les “chrétiens” des hautes terres d’Amazonas et les “sauvages” de la forêt. Una de las fiestas más importantes de la comunidad de La Jalca, Provincia de Chachapoyas, Amazonas, es la de San Pedro en la que se representa un baile del oso muy semejante al baile de los ukukus del sur peruano. El narrador del cuento que publicamos aquí asimila este rito a la historia de Juan Oso, muy conocido en el mundo andino. La importancia del oso en esta cultura de la ceja de selva alta es fundamental. En quechua local, el oso se llama “puma” y comparte con el puma de la selva las características de fuerza temible y poderes sobrenaturales. El hijo del oso, Juan, evoca las relaciones ambiguas existentes entre los “cristianos” de la serranía de Amazonas y los “chunchos” de la selva. JUAN PUMA, THE BEAR'S SON. A QUECHUA TALE FROM LA JALCA, CHACHAPOYAS. One of the most important feasts of the community of La Jalca, Province of Amazonas, is that of Saint Peter in which a bear dance similar to the southern Peruvian dance of the ukukus is performed. In the story published here, the narrator assimilates this rite with the tale of Juan Oso, another story which is well known throughout the Andes. The importance of bears

The Socioeconomic Factors and the Indigenous Component of Tuberculosis in Amazonas

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-01

Despite the availability of tuberculosis prevention and control services throughout Amazonas, high rates of morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis remain in the region. Knowledge of the social determinants of tuberculosis in Amazonas is important for the establishment of public policies and the planning of effective preventive and control measures for the disease. To analyze the relationship of the spatial distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis in municipalities and regions of Amazonas to the socioeconomic factors and indigenous tuberculosis component, from 2007 to 2013. An ecological study was conducted based on secondary data from the epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship of the annual incidence of tuberculosis to the socioeconomic factors, performance indicators of health services, and indigenous tuberculosis component. The distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis in the municipalities of Amazonas was positively associated with the Gini index and the population attributable fraction of tuberculosis in the indigenous peoples, but negatively associated with the proportion of the poor and the unemployment rate. The spatial distribution of tuberculosis in the different regions of Amazonas was heterogeneous and closely related with the socioeconomic factors and indigenous component of tuberculosis. PMID:27362428

Contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por las actividades portuarias en el Puerto Masusa, Iquitos, Perú

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Carmen Patricia Cerdeña

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Las actividades portuarias generan contaminación en las aguas y los alrededores del puerto. Los parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos permiten determinar la presencia o no de contaminación en los cuerpos de agua. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por actividades portuarias del puerto Masusa - Iquitos. Se usó el diseño pre-experimental. Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en los indicadores: pH, aceites y grasas, DBO5, DQO; y presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes termoreguladores y Escherichia coli. Se concluye que existe altas concentraciones de aceites y grasas en el puerto (63,45 mg/L en comparación con el río Amazonas (10 mg/L. El pH del agua del puerto (5,42 es ligeramente mayor al del río Amazonas (6,93. Los resultados muestran que el DQO del puerto Masusa (187mg/L es mayor a la DQO en el río Amazonas (50 mg/L. Las altas concentraciones de DBO5 en las aguas del puerto (87,5 mgO2 con respecto a las del río Amazonas (25 mgO2, nos permiten indicar que hay contaminación orgánica.  La presencia de concentraciones importantes de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y de Escherichia coli, indica que existe contaminación microbiológica. Dichos contaminantes se dan especialmente por desechos fecales vertidos directamente a las aguas.

Contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por las actividades portuarias en el Puerto Masusa, Iquitos, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Patricia Cerdeña

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Las actividades portuarias generan contaminación en las aguas y los alrededores del puerto. Los parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos permiten determinar la presencia o no de contaminación en los cuerpos de agua. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la contaminación de las aguas del río Itaya por actividades portuarias del puerto Masusa - Iquitos. Se usó el diseño pre-experimental. Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en los indicadores: pH, aceites y grasas, DBO5, DQO; y presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes termoreguladores y Escherichia coli. Se concluye que existe altas concentraciones de aceites y grasas en el puerto (63,45 mg/L en comparación con el río Amazonas (10 mg/L. El pH del agua del puerto (5,42 es ligeramente mayor al del río Amazonas (6,93. Los resultados muestran que el DQO del puerto Masusa (187mg/L es mayor a la DQO en el río Amazonas (50 mg/L. Las altas concentraciones de DBO5 en las aguas del puerto (87,5 mgO2 con respecto a las del río Amazonas (25 mgO2, nos permiten indicar que hay contaminación orgánica.  La presencia de concentraciones importantes de coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes y de Escherichia coli, indica que existe contaminación microbiológica. Dichos contaminantes se dan especialmente por desechos fecales vertidos directamente a las aguas.

[Nature and civilization: the decorative panels of the Teatro Amazonas foyer].

Science.gov (United States)

Daou, Ana Maria Lima

2007-12-01

The decorative panels in the foyer of the Teatro Amazonas, inaugurated in 1896, stand out from the rest of the building's ornamental iconography. The rubber trade brought great wealth to the capitals of Pará and Amazonas and as these cities gained national and international fame, their urban fabric and forms of sociability underwent significant changes. The article looks for parallels between the landscape representations of Amazonian nature adorning the building's foyer, the construction of the modern city, and social uses of the Teatro Amazonas, symbol of the era and emblem of the newly rich elite, who were then taking their place on the regional and national stages. The Teatro Amazonas formed the center of the era's social life and its foyer played host to veritable rituals of 'civilization', in which Brazilian and foreign guests enjoyed the fine setting of Amazon's nature as represented in the decorative wall panels.

Language planning for "Mundurukú do Amazonas" Planejamento Linguístico para "Mundurukú do Amazonas"

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Gessiane Picanço

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Mundurukú, a Tupian language of Brazil, exhibits two opposite scenarios. On one extreme, there is Mundurukú do Pará, the language of daily communication in the Mundurukú Indigenous Land, with fluent speakers found across all generations and still acquired by children as a mother tongue. On the other extreme, there is Mundurukú do Amazonas, formerly spoken in the Kwatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land, but whose inhabitants have shifted to Portuguese. A group of Mundurukú students from Amazonas decided to initiate a process of language revitalisation as a way to strengthen the community's ethnic and cultural identity. This paper reports the initial stages of language planning, and includes future actions to promote language use in the homes and communities, assessement of language proficiency, and definition of educational programs to teach Mundurukú in local schools.Mundurukú, uma língua Tupí do Brasil, apresenta dois cenários opostos. Em um extremo, há o Mundurukú do Pará, a língua de comunicação diária na Terra Indígena Mundurukú, com falantes fluentes de todas as idades e adquirida pelas crianças como língua materna. No outro extremo encontra-se o Mundurukú do Amazonas, Terra Indígena Kwatá-Laranjal, que foi substituída pelo Português. Um grupo de estudantes Mundurukú do Amazonas decidiu iniciar um processo de revitalização de sua língua, como uma forma de fortalecer a identidade étnica e cultural da comunidade. Este trabalho relata os estágios iniciais do planejamento linguístico, incluindo as ações futuras para promover o uso da língua em casa e na comunidade, avaliação da proficiência na língua e definição de programas educacionais para ensinar Mundurukú nas escolas locais.

Bem-estar subjectivo e envolvimento escolar em adolescentes de etnia cigana

OpenAIRE

Lopes, Sandra Raquel da Silva

2012-01-01

Exame público realizado em 27 de Julho de 2012. Dissertação de mestrado realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Psicologia da Educação. Os alunos de etnia cigana são uma população em especial risco de abandono escolar, em parte devido ao nível elevado de absentismo e ao baixo rendimento académico. BES e o envolvimento escolar estão positivamente correlacionados em adolescentes, e o envolvimento escolar tem sido considerado um forte preditor do rendimento académico e abandono escolar. Contudo...

Intoxicación alimentaria por consumo de carne de caimán negro (Melanosuchus niger en el internado indígena de Nazareth, Amazonas, abril de 1997

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Martha C. Suárez

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Las intoxicaciones alimentarias son ocasionadas por consumo de alimentos en malas condiciones de preparación o de conservación o que han sufrido contaminación con agentes quimicos, fisicos o biológicos. La reciente incorporación de la vigilancia de este evento en el sistema de vigilancia intensificado de la Secretaria de Salud del Amazonas, ha permitido identificar la presencia de brotes de intoxicación alimentaria en el departamento. En abril de 1997, se informó a la Oficina de Epidemiologia de la Secretaria de Salud del Amazonas, la llegada de 30 pacientes al Hospital Empresa Social del Estado San Rafael de Leticia, con un cuadro clinico de dolor abdominal, vómito y cefalea. Las pacientes eran estudiantes adolescentes del internado indígena femenino de Nazareth, que presentaban como antecedente común la ingestión de pescado recalentado el día anterior a su consulta. En la investigación del presente brote de intoxicación alimentaria se comprobó por laboratorio que el alimento implicado era la carne de caimán negro, Melanosuchusniger, contaminada con Bacillus cereus. Esta carne iba a ser vendida como 'pescado seco' en Bogotá, por la gran demanda que tiene este alimento en la época de Semana Santa.

Natureza e civilização: os painéis decorativos do Salão Nobre do Teatro Amazonas Nature and civilization: the decorative panels of the Teatro Amazonas foyer

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Ana Maria Lima Daou

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Os painéis decorativos do salão nobre do Teatro Amazonas singularizam-se em relação ao restante da iconografia que decora o edifício, inaugurado em 1896. Na ocasião, as capitais do Pará e do Amazonas, enriquecidas pela economia gomífera, passaram por significativas transformações no tecido urbano e nas formas de sociabilidade, projetando-se nacional e internacionalmente. O artigo procura identificar paralelos entre as representações paisagísticas da natureza amazônica que decoram o salão nobre do edifício, a construção da cidade moderna e os usos sociais do Teatro Amazonas, símbolo do período e emblema da elite enriquecida que se afirmava no cenário regional e nacional. O Teatro Amazonas ocupou o centro da vida social da época, e em seu salão nobre ocorreram verdadeiros rituais de 'civilização' em que os convidados - brasileiros ou estrangeiros - tinham como cenário privilegiado a natureza amazônica representada nos painéis parietais decorativos.The decorative panels in the foyer of the Teatro Amazonas, inaugurated in 1896, stand out from the rest of the building's ornamental iconography. The rubber trade brought great wealth to the capitals of Pará and Amazonas and as these cities gained national and international fame, their urban fabric and forms of sociability underwent significant changes. The article looks for parallels between the landscape representations of Amazonian nature adorning the building's foyer, the construction of the modern city, and social uses of the Teatro Amazonas, symbol of the era and emblem of the newly rich elite, who were then taking their place on the regional and national stages. The Teatro Amazonas formed the center of the era's social life and its foyer played host to veritable rituals of 'civilization', in which Brazilian and foreign guests enjoyed the fine setting of Amazon's nature as represented in the decorative wall panels.

Nota sobre la dieta de la Lechucita Bigotona, Xenoglaux loweryi en Yambrasbamba, Amazonas

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Alejandro Alarcón

2016-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se dan a conocer los resultados del análisis de heces de la Lechucita Bigotona (Xenoglaux loweryi, especie endémica de Perú y en peligro de extinción según IUCN, que habita los bosques montanos húmedos de la cordillera Oriental de los Andes. Entre enero y setiembre de 2014, durante evaluaciones sobre la ecología de este búho en el área de bosque montano conocido como “La Jalca”, en la comunidad de Yambrasbamba, Amazonas; se colectaron cuatro muestras de heces de diferentes individuos, en los meses de mayo, julio, agosto y setiembre correspondientemente. Estos fueron analizados, encontrándose fragmentos característicos del orden Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Ortoptera y Lepidoptera. Confirmándose que parte de su dieta son pequeños insectos; al igual que otros pequeños estrígidos.

Hábitat de anidación de Amazona oratrix (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) en el Pacífico Central, México

OpenAIRE

Monterrubio-Rico, Tiberio C.; Álvarez-Jara, Margarito; Téllez-García, Lorena; Tena-Morelos, Carlos

2014-01-01

Los requerimientos de anidación del loro cabeza-amarilla (Amazona oratrix) son poco conocidos a pesar de su amplia distribución histórica, la alta demanda como mascota y estar en peligro de extinción. Esta información es necesaria para diseñar acciones específicas de restauración y conservación. Durante diez años estudiamos la ecología de anidación del loro en Michoacán, México. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron en escala local las especies de árboles-nido, sus dimensiones y posición geográ...

The paleozoic of Amazonas basin south edge: Tapajos river, Para state; O paleozoico da borda sul da bacia do Amazonas: rio Tapajos, estado do Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuda, Nilo Siguehiko [Petrobras E e P, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Exploracao. Estratigrafia e Sedimentologia Geologia Aplicada a Exploracao], E-mail: nilo@petrobras.com.br; Winter, Wilson Rubem [Petrobras, Campoas dos Goytacases, RJ (Brazil). Exploracao. Sedimentologia e Estratigrafia], E-mail: winter@petrobras.com.br; Wanderley Filho, Joaquim Ribeiro; Cacela, Alessandra Suzely Moda [Petrobras, Manaus, AM (Brazil). Exploracao. Unidade de Operacoes de Exploracao e Producao da Amazonia], Emails: jwand@petrobras.com.br, alessandra.suzely@petrobras.com.br

2009-11-15

The intracratonic Amazonas Basin covers an area close to 500.000km{sup 2} shared between the Amazonas and Para states. The phanerozoic stratigraphic framework is up to 6.000m thick and may be subdivided into two, first order depositional sequences: the Paleozoic sequence, intruded by diabase dikes and sills and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sequence. Analyzing the stratigraphic framework, the great tectonic influence on the basin development can be appreciated. The mainly NW-SE structural directions of the basement, which mark the boundaries of the geochronological provinces of the Amazonas, are clearly identified along the Tapajos River. The Paleozoic sequence outcrops on the southern border of the Amazonas Basin embraces potential source rocks, reservoirs and seal rocks. They can be subdivided in three, second order sequences, limited by regional unconformities, as: the Ordovician/Devonian, which corresponds to the Pitinga lithostratigraphic formation; the Devonian-Tournaisian, which corresponds to the Maecuru, Erere, Barreirinha and Curiri formations and, the Pensylvanian-Permian that are represented by the Monte Alegre and Itaituba formations. This field trip guide presents these classic lithostratigraphic outcrop units, together with a brief sedimentological description and an analysis of their positioning related to sequence stratigraphical concepts. (author)

Estilos de apego e bem-estar psicológico em adolescentes colegiais: influência de gênero e etnia (oriental vs ocidental)

OpenAIRE

Ernesto Rene Sang

2009-01-01

Investigamos a configuração dos vínculos de apego em função de etnia e de gênero. Baseados na teoria do apego que aponta a influência do contexto sócio-afetivo no desenvolvimento dos diversos estilos de apego assim como a relação significativa destes com bem-estar psicológico (indicados por sinais de depressão e fobia social), supusemos que a formação do modelo interno de si (dimensão essencial na definição dos estilos de apego) poderia estar relacionada à etnia, através dos modos de criação....

Epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Maria das Graças Gomes Saraiva

2015-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: In the State of Amazonas, particularly in the capital Manaus, meningitis has affected populations of different cultures and social strata over the years. Bacterial meningitis is caused by several different species and represents a major issue of public health importance. The present study reports the meningitis case numbers with different etiologies in Amazonas from January 1976 to December 2012. METHODS: Since the 1970s, the (currently named Tropical Medicine Foundation of Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado [Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD] has remained a reference center in Amazonas for the treatment of meningitis through the diagnosis and notification of cases and the confirmation of such cases using specific laboratory tests. RESULTS: The foundation has achieved coverage of over 90% of the state medical records for many years. Between 1990 and 2012, meningitis cases caused by Haemophilus influenzae decreased with the introduction of the H. influenzae vaccine. Meningococcal disease previously had a higher frequency of serogroup B disease, but starting in 2008, the detection of serogroup C increased gradually and has outpaced the detection of serogroup B. Recently, surveillance has improved the etiological definition of viral meningitis at FMT-HVD, with enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV and varicella zoster virus (VZV prevailing in this group of pathogens. With the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, cryptococcal meningitis has become an important disease in Amazonas. Additionally, infectious meningitis is an important burden in the State of Amazonas. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the epidemiological profile for the different etiology-defined cases are the result of continuous epidemiological surveillance and laboratory capacity improvements and control measures, such as Haemophilus influenzae vaccination.

La experiencia del peritaje antropológico en la población maya del estado de Yucatán, México

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José Israel Herrera

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la forma en la que el peritaje antropológico ha sido aplicado a la etnia Maya Peninsular del estado de Yucatán, México, su metodología y resultados. En el mismo se problematiza los alcances que ha tenido esta herramienta, la forma en la que ha sido empleada por los juzgadores, las características de los problemas, situaciones y delitos. Esto se desarrolla con una visión que proporciona datos judiciales, y se analiza desde la visión de una antropología crítica y del pluralismo jurídico.

Complete mitochondrial genome of endangered Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis): two control region copies in parrot species of the Amazona genus.

Science.gov (United States)

Urantowka, Adam Dawid; Hajduk, Kacper; Kosowska, Barbara

2013-08-01

Amazona barbadensis is an endangered species of parrot living in northern coastal Venezuela and in several Caribbean islands. In this study, we sequenced full mitochondrial genome of the considered species. The total length of the mitogenome was 18,983 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, duplicated control region, and degenerate copies of ND6 and tRNA (Glu) genes. High degree of identity between two copies of control region suggests their coincident evolution and functionality. Comparative analysis of both the control region sequences from four Amazona species revealed their 89.1% identity over a region of 1300 bp and indicates the presence of distinctive parts of two control region copies.

A profile of scorpionism, including the species of scorpions involved, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Costa, Cícero Lucinaldo Soares de Oliveira; Fé, Nelson Ferreira; Sampaio, Iracilda; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro

2016-01-01

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This study investigated scorpionism profile in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Data referring to stinging incidents were obtained from the National Databank of Major Causes of Morbidity. Information on the scorpion species involved was obtained from the Amazonas State health units. RESULTS: Amazonas has a scorpionism rate of 8.14 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Some municipalities (e.g., Apuí) presented higher rates (273 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Most species...

Conocimiento indígena sobre el medio ambiente y diseño de materiales educativos Environmental Indigenous Wisdom and the Design of Educational Resources

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Juan Noguera Valdemar

2010-03-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo expone los resultados de un proyecto de investigación sobre el desarrollo sostenido y educación ambiental desarrollado en la subregión Amazonia-Orinoquia (Estado de Amazonas, Venezuela desde 2005 a 2008. La investigación se enmarca dentro de una metodología cualitativa, donde la colaboración de los pueblos indígenas y la visita en el terreno fueron cruciales. A diferencia de otros proyectos desarrollados en la zona, el trabajo estableció una relación diferente con las comunidades indígenas. En este proyecto se consideraba a los pueblos indígenas como objetos y sujetos de la investigación, recogiendo en una carta firmada los compromisos del proceso negociador realizado al inicio del proyecto sobre qué y cómo realizar la investigación. Se utilizaron diversas técnicas de recogida de datos: entrevistas a informantes clave, grupos de discusión y encuestas. Se describen solamente dos de los diversos objetivos y resultados del proyecto, a saber: 1 Analizar los conceptos que poseen los pueblos indígenas sobre el medio ambiente y la sostenibilidad, especialmente en su relación con el papel cultural de las etnias; 2 Diseñar y elaborar materiales didácticos en los que se trabajen los conceptos de educación ambiental relacionados con el papel cultural de las etnias en la conservación de las especies. Estos objetivos fueron alcanzados gracias a la respuesta de doce pueblos indígenas de lenguas y etnias diferentes tras la visita a diecisiete comunidades distintas.The current essay presents the results of research into sustainable development and environmental education that was developed in the sub-region of Amazonia-Orinoquia (Amazonas State, Venezuela from 2005 to 2008. This study was undertaken within a qualitative methodology framework where field trips and the collaboration of indigenous communities in particular were crucial. Unlike other projects currently taking place in the area, our investigation

Estudio taxonómico de las especies del género macrobrachium bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decápoda: Palaemonidae en Colombia

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Diego Mauricio Valencia López

2004-07-01

a prueba ésta hipótesis. M. praecox constituye el único registro para la vertiente del Catatumbo, pero es muy probable que se encuentren representadas otras especies de la vertiente del Caribe. Se recomienda la realización de estudios moleculares interpoblacionales para las especies que se encuentran tanto en la vertiente del Orinoco como en la del Amazonas, para poder establecer con certeza si diferencias consideradas como intraespecíficas puedan tratarse de diferencias interespecíficas. El número de especies de éste género registradas para Colombia puede ser mayor al presentado en éste trabajo, esencialmente por sus características geográficas, y a la escasez de estudios de éste grupo en el país. Esto plantea la necesidad de establecer colecciones en diversas cuencas, por ejemplo las cuencas de los ríos Cauca y Atrato en la vertiente del Caribe, las cuencas de los ríos Tomo y Vichada en la vertiente del Orinoco, la cuenca del río Putumayo en la vertiente del Amazonas, y en toda la vertiente del Catatumbo.

Estado nutricional y características del consumo alimentario de la población Aguaruna. Amazonas, Perú 2004

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Lucio Huamán-Espino

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar el estado nutricional y frecuencia del consumo alimentario de los niños menores de tres años y mujeres en edad fértil (MEF de la población aguaruna del departamento de Amazonas, Perú 2004. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con una muestra representativa de 478 MEF y 465 niños aguarunas seleccionados por muestreo bietápico probabilístico. Se realizó la toma medidas antropométricas, dosaje de hemoglobina a ambos grupos y finalmente una encuesta de consumo de alimentos a una submuestra de 290 hogares. Resultados: La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en niños fue de 33,4%. Se encontró asociación estadística entre el distrito de residencia y la desnutrición crónica en niños. La prevalencia de anemia fue de 76,5%. El 89% de las MEF presentaron un IMC ideal, sin embargo, la talla promedio de la mujer aguaruna fue de 148 cm. La prevalencia de anemia en MEF fue de 50,2%. Se listaron más de 100 alimentos locales y foráneos que forman parte de la dieta de las familias aguarunas; sin embargo, sólo se consume diariamente la yuca y plátanos; y con alguna frecuencia semanal el arroz, la carachama, gusano, huevo de gallina y verduras como la chonta y sachaculantro. Conclusiones: La evaluación nutricional indica un déficit nutricional para los niños y la deficiencia de hierro expresada en anemia afecta a la mitad de las MEF y a dos de cada tres niños. Esta situación podría atribuirse, entre otras causas al consumo de una dieta basada principalmente en yuca y plátanos con escasa presencia de alimentos de origen animal.

Globalización, desigualdad y transmisión de las enfermedades tropicales en el Amazonas venezolano Globalization, inequality, and transmission of tropical diseases in the Venezuelan Amazon

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Carlos Botto-Abella

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La globalización económica ha acentuado la desigualdad y la vulnerabilidad a las enfermedades tropicales en todo el mundo. La población del Amazonas venezolano y particularmente la población indígena del interior del Estado es uno de los segmentos más desfavorecidos de las Américas a juzgar por los indicadores de salud. Las tasas de mortalidad infantil observadas en poblaciones indígenas en áreas remotas indican que han sido afectadas por la globalización de las enfermedades, pero no se han beneficiado de la globalización de la salud. Por otra parte, la globalización ha influido en las políticas públicas lo cual afectó la eficiencia de los programas de control de enfermedades tropicales en Amazonas. Un nuevo pacto mundial para el desarrollo sostenible de la aldea global es necesario, a través de la "globalización" de los valores y los derechos comunes de la humanidad. En Venezuela, nuevas políticas dirigidas hacia el subsector de salud indígena, más recursos y mayor autonomía de acción pueden ayudar a reducir las inequidades aquí descritas en el Amazonas venezolano.Economic globalization appears to be causing greater inequalities and increased vulnerability to tropical diseases around the world. The Venezuelan Amazon population, especially the rural indigenous population, displays among the worst health indicators in the Americas. High infant mortality rates in remote indigenous populations indicate that such communities have been affected by the globalization of disease, rather than favored by globalization of health. Globalization has also influenced public policies in the country, affecting the efficiency of control programs targeting tropical diseases. A new global pact for the sustainable development of the planet is needed, supported by the globalization of human values and rights. In Venezuela, new policies for the indigenous health sector, more resources, and greater autonomy could help reduce the inequities

Description of a new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae from the Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Lucas Ribeiro Jarduli

Full Text Available The first species of Microglanis from the rio Amazonas, Amazonas State, Brazil is described. This species differs from all congeners by the forked caudal fin, and color pattern of the supraoccipital region consisting of two elliptical and juxtaposed pale spots, besides a combination of morphometrics characters.

Estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios de mujeres indígenas del departamento de Presidente Hayes, Paraguay

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Gloria Echagüe

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las comunidades indígenas presentan un mayor riesgo de inseguridad alimentaria y malnutrición, menor disponibilidad de recursos, y una creciente dependencia de alimentos más baratos aunque con un alto grado de procesamiento. Objetivo: Identificar el estado nutricional y aspectos alimentarios en mujeres indígenas de tres comunidades del Departamento de Presidente Hayes, Chaco Paraguayo. Metodología: Estudio observacional de diseño transversal con componente analítico, que incluyó a 81 mujeres de 15 a 44 años de edad, de las etnias Maká y Toba Qom. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó la valoración nutricional y la entrevista para obtener los datos sociodemográficos y alimentarios. Resultados: Las mujeres indígenas presentaron una frecuencia de sobrepeso de 30,8% y obesidad del 21,0%, mientras que el 1,2 % presentó desnutrición. No encontramos diferencia significativa entre las etnias, en relación al sobrepeso y obesidad, (p>0,05. Observamos que las indígenas tenían una alta ingesta de frutas, azúcares y mieles. El 87 y 88% de las mujeres indígenas de ambas etnias estudiadas refirieron no consumir lácteos y derivados y entre 65 y 69% refirieron no consumir verduras. Conclusiones: Observamos un elevado porcentaje de obesidad y sobrepeso, un bajo consumo de lácteos y verduras y un alto consumo de azúcares, relacionados posiblemente a cambios en los aspectos alimentarios y sus costumbres, influenciados por la cercanía a las zonas urbanas y el acceso a alimentos de menor precio y mayor contenido energético.

The hybrid generation systems of Campinas-Amazonas and Joanes-Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moszkowicz, M.; Ribeiro, C. M.; Borba, A. J. V. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Electrica (CEPEL), (Brazil)

1997-12-31

The Brazilian Amazon region is an ideal location for isolated mini-grid systems. Thousands of Diesel systems have been installed to supply electricity to this sparsely populated region. However, the availability of renewable resources makes the Amazon well-suited to renewable energy systems. This paper describes the technical characteristics and touches economic aspects of two hybrid systems being installed in this region through the cooperative effort of multiple partners: Brazilian CEPEL/ELETROBRAS and State Electric Utilities and U.S. Department of Energy, through NREL. It focuses on the market potential for hybrid systems in Northern Brazil and discusses the configuration of the two prototypes, the effort to implement both systems and the preliminary results of these projects. [Espanol] La region Brasilena del Amazonas es un lugar ideal para los sistemas aislados de mini-red. Se han instalado miles de sistemas Diesel para proporcionar electricidad a esta region escasamente poblada. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de fuentes renovables hacen la Amazonia muy adecuada para sistemas renovables de energia. Este articulo describe las caracteristicas tecnicas y toca aspectos economicos de dos sistemas hibridos que se estan instalando en esta region mediante el esfuerzo cooperativo de multiples participantes: La brasilena CEPEL/ELECTROBRAS y las Empresas Electrica Estatales, el U.S. Departament of Energy, a traves de NREL. Se enfoca al mercado potencial de sistemas hibridos en Brasil del Norte y analiza la configuracion de los dos prototipos, el esfuerzo de instaurar ambos sistemas y los resultados preliminares de estos proyectos.

The hybrid generation systems of Campinas-Amazonas and Joanes-Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moszkowicz, M; Ribeiro, C M; Borba, A J. V. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Electrica (CEPEL), (Brazil)

1998-12-31

The Brazilian Amazon region is an ideal location for isolated mini-grid systems. Thousands of Diesel systems have been installed to supply electricity to this sparsely populated region. However, the availability of renewable resources makes the Amazon well-suited to renewable energy systems. This paper describes the technical characteristics and touches economic aspects of two hybrid systems being installed in this region through the cooperative effort of multiple partners: Brazilian CEPEL/ELETROBRAS and State Electric Utilities and U.S. Department of Energy, through NREL. It focuses on the market potential for hybrid systems in Northern Brazil and discusses the configuration of the two prototypes, the effort to implement both systems and the preliminary results of these projects. [Espanol] La region Brasilena del Amazonas es un lugar ideal para los sistemas aislados de mini-red. Se han instalado miles de sistemas Diesel para proporcionar electricidad a esta region escasamente poblada. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de fuentes renovables hacen la Amazonia muy adecuada para sistemas renovables de energia. Este articulo describe las caracteristicas tecnicas y toca aspectos economicos de dos sistemas hibridos que se estan instalando en esta region mediante el esfuerzo cooperativo de multiples participantes: La brasilena CEPEL/ELECTROBRAS y las Empresas Electrica Estatales, el U.S. Departament of Energy, a traves de NREL. Se enfoca al mercado potencial de sistemas hibridos en Brasil del Norte y analiza la configuracion de los dos prototipos, el esfuerzo de instaurar ambos sistemas y los resultados preliminares de estos proyectos.

Primeiro registro de Eufriesea laniventris (Ducke, 1902 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini no Amazonas, Brasil First record of Eufriesea laniventris (Ducke, 1902 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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Eliana Fernandez Storti

2004-01-01

Full Text Available É registrada pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Eufriesea laniventris no Amazonas. No ano 2000, foram coletados seis exemplares na região de Manaus (2º 36' S e 60º 02' W atraídos pelas substâncias odoríferas 1,8 cineol e salicilato de metila.The first record of Eufriesea laniventris in the state of Amazonas is here reported. Attracted to 1.8 cineole and methyl salicylate fragrances, six specimens were colected in the region of Manaus (2º 36' S 60º 02' W during the year 2000.

Festivais Matsuris como referencial cultural e turístico da etnia japonesa em Curitiba (Paraná, Brasil

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Miguel Bahl

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata sobre Matsuris, festivais da etnia japonesa realizados na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná (Brasil. É um estudo de caso de caráter descritivo com a intenção de resgatar parte do histórico de imigração japonesa no Brasil, a fim de perceber a importância dos festivais Matsuris como referencial da etnia e como forma de inserção social do grupo na capital paranaense. Utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica, busca eletrônica e observação direta intensiva, o estudo traz como resultado a descrição dos três festivais mais importantes da etnia na cidade (Hana Matsuri, Imin Matsuri e Haru Matsuri, demonstrando a relação dos mesmos como referencial étnico japonês e a apresentação do resultado de pesquisa de campo empreendida em 2009, junto ao Hana Matsuri e ao Imin Matsuri. Também evidencia a importância da existência de produtos étnicos culturais para um grupo de imigrantes, principalmente em uma capital cosmopolita como Curitiba, que contemplem o significado real de sua cultura, sem que se tornem apenas um bem de consumo.  Matsuris Festivals as cultural and turistic benchmark of japonese ethnicity in Curitiba (Paraná, Brazil. The article discusses about the Matsuris, Japanese ethnic festivals realized in Curitiba, Paraná (Brazil. It is a descriptive case study that intends to briefly redeem part of the history of Japanese immigration in Brazil, in order to understand the importance of Matsuris festivals as an ethnic referential and as a kind of social insertion of the group at the capital of Paraná. Using literature search, electronic search and intensive direct observation, the study results in a description of the three most important festivals of the ethnic group in the city (Hana Matsuri, Imin Matsuri and Haru Matsuri, showing their relation as an ethnic Japanese referential and showing the result from the field research applied in 2009, during the Hana Matsuri and Imin Matsuri Festivals. It also highlights the

Los prejuicios del internacionalismo: espacio, modernidad y ambivalencia

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JUAN GARCÍA GARCÍA

1995-01-01

Full Text Available La sociología, hasta hace pocas décadas ausente del debate académico sobre naciones y nacionalismos, ha prestado escasa atención a la relación nacionalismo-modernidad, desatendiendo de este modo el contexto inter(-nacional en que se ha gestado la "invención de la tradición". con ello, el sujeto nacionalista ha sido caracterizado unas veces como heredero de la lealtad incondicional a una etnia premoderna ; otras, como reacción al proceso expansivo y universalista de la razon ilustrada ; casi siempre, como encarnación de la idea de "prejuicio" manejada por la psicología social (en version modificada del uso que los enciclopedistas hicieran del termino.-- pretendo aquí plantear la conveniencia de una aproximación no psicologista al tema del nacionalismo, aproximación que, en diálogo crítico con los estudios clásicos sobre "prejuicio", situe al sujeto --descentrado y ambivalente-- en los espacios contingentes de la modernidad, y nos disuada de trazar --con la contundencia del pasado-- rígidas lineas de separación entre "nacionalistas" e "internalistas".

EN LA BÚSQUEDA DEL ORDEN CÓSMICO: sobre el modelo de manejo ecológico tukano oriental del Vaupés

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LUIS CAYÓN

2001-01-01

Full Text Available DURANTE DÉCADAS, EL MODELO DE EQUILIBRIO ENERGÉTICO DE REICHEL-DOLMATOFF SE ha tomado para analizar y describir la manera como los grupos tukano oriental del Vaupés manejan el medio ambiente. El texto pretende contrastar algunos puntos importantes de dicho modelo a partir de la nueva información etnográfica recogida entre los makuna y profundiza en el sistema de pensamiento del complejo sociocultural tukano oriental, entendido como la integración de los territorios respectivos, de las etnias que lo componen, por medio de la esencia espiritual de yuruparí que corre dentro del sistema hidrográfico de la región; esto hace posible la fecundidad del cosmos. Yuruparí sustenta un sistema cosmológico en el cual las relaciones ecológicas se interpretan como relaciones sociales modeladas por la sociedad humana. Entonces, la selva aparece como un espacio construido culturalmente que depende de la intervención chamanística para su preservación.

Etnia e gênero como variáveis sombra na saúde mental

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Lucia Cristina dos Santos Rosa

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é efetivar uma revisão de literatura a partir dos pertencimentos identitários, sobretudo das características relacionadas a etnia e gênero e suas intersecções com a saúde mental. Fundamenta-se na concepção de identidade de Antonio Carlos Ciampa e nas variáveis sombra enfatizadas por Benedeto Saraceno. Promove-se um balanço do estado da arte a partir de levantamento no SciELO, Medline e LILACS. Conclui-se que a maioria dos estudos volta-se para temáticas relacionadas à mulher. A violência contra a mulher ganha proeminência nas suas repercussões negativas sobre a saúde emocional, sendo destacada a sua condição de vítima.

Factores de riesgo asociados a infección aguda por hepatitis B en población militar destacada al departamento de Amazonas, Perú

OpenAIRE

César Cabezas; J. Jaime Miranda; Giovana Romero; Magna Suáre; Frine Samalvides; Juan Echevarría; Juan D. Valdivia; Walter A. Valdivia

2007-01-01

El Perú es considerado un país de endemicidad intermedia-alta para el virus de hepatitis B (VHB), con variaciones entre diferentes regiones. Existen pocos reportes del problema de infección por el VHB en personal militar. Objetivos. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de infección por el VHB en un brote epidémico en personal militar destacado en Ampama, Amazonas, Perú. Material y métodos. Estudio caso-control en personal militar destacado al puesto de Ampama y a la b...

Crónica de una restitución : La devolución de restos como parte del reconocimiento del genocidio Selk´man

OpenAIRE

Badenes, Daniel

2016-01-01

El 19 de abril se concretó en el Museo de La Plata una acción reparatoria para la comunidad Selk´nam: la restitución de los restos humanos de cuatro integrantes de esa etnia -sólo uno de ellos identificado con nombre-, que hasta ese día fueron parte de la extensa colección que la institución formó a partir de las campañas de exterminio contra los pueblos originarios desarrolladas por el Estado argentino en el último cuarto del siglo XIX. Tras la firma de actas entre las autoridades ...

Perfil demográfico dos Hupd'äh, povo Maku da região do Alto Rio Negro, Amazonas (2000-2003 Perfil demográfico de los Hupd'äh, pueblo Maku de la región del Alto Rio Negro, Amazonas (2000-2003 Demographic profile of the Hupd'äh, a Maku people living the Upper Rio Negro Region, State of Amazonas, Brazil (2000-2003

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Marina Machado

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Os Hupd'äh são um povo de língua Maku, habitante da região do Alto Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Lideranças indígenas, antropólogos, missionários e profissionais de saúde afirmam que eles estariam vivendo em condições de saúde precárias, com alta mortalidade geral e infantil. A partir de dados provenientes do Distrito Especial Indígena do Rio Negro - DSEI-RN, da Funasa/MS, para o período 2000-2003, foi realizado um estudo descritivo para avaliar o perfil demográfico e conhecer melhor essa população, contribuindo para a implementação de políticas públicas que lhe favoreçam e para os debates em antropologia, demografia e saúde indígena. A população de 1.487 indivíduos, em 2003, cresceu 8,4% ao ano no período estudado. Sua composição por idade e sexo indica concentração de jovens (44,9% com menos de 15 anos, além da predominância de população do sexo masculino. A taxa bruta de natalidade (TBN média do período foi de 33,4 nascimentos por mil habitantes, a de fecundidade total (TFT correspondeu a 3,4 filhos por mulher, a de mortalidade (TBM foi de 10 óbitos por mil habitantes e a de mortalidade infantil (TMI chegou a 116,3 óbitos por mil nascimentos. O aperfeiçoamento da coleta de informações, o elevado crescimento vegetativo e a intensa mobilidade espacial dos Hupd'äh poderiam explicar o alto ritmo de crescimento verificado entre 2000 e 2003.Los Hupd'äh son un pueblo de lengua Maku, habitante de la región del Alto Río Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Liderazgos indígenas, antropólogos, misionarios y profesionales de la salud, afirman que estarían viviendo en condiciones de salud precarias, con alta mortalidad general e infantil. A partir de datos provenientes del Distrito Especial Indígena del Río Negro - DSEI-RN, de la Funasa/MS, para el período 2000-2003, fue realizado un estudio descriptivo para evaluar el perfil demográfico y conocer mejor esta población, contribuyendo con la implementación de pol

Leptohyphidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera do estado do Amazonas, Brasil: novos registros, nova combinação, nova espécie e chave de identificação para estágios ninfais Leptohyphidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera of Amazonas state, Brazil: new records, new combination, new species and identification key for nymphal stages

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Enide Luciana Lima Belmont

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Leptohyphidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil: novos registros, nova combinação, nova espécie e chave de identificação para estágios ninfais. Os seguintes gêneros de Leptohyphidae ocorrem no estado do Amazonas: Amanahyphes Salles & Molineri, Leptohyphes Eaton, Tricorythodes Ulmer e Tricorythopsis Traver. A distribuição das espécies de Leptohyphidae no Estado do Amazonas é apresentada. Uma espécie nova, Tricorythodes yapekuna sp. nov., é descrita e pode ser diferenciada de outros Tricorythodes pelas (1 garras tarsais com um par de dentículos submarginais e sem dentículos marginais; (2 palpo maxilar biarticulado; (3 brânquia opercular uniformemente preta com exceção da margem apical; (4 fórmula branquial 2/3/3/3/2; e (5 margem lateral do abdome expandida nos segmentos III_VI. Uma combinação nova, Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz & Ferreira, 2009 comb. nov., é proposta e constitui o primeiro registro dessa espécie para o Estado do Amazonas. Uma chave dicotômica ilustrada para identificar ninfas de gêneros e espécies ocorrentes no Amazonas também é apresentada.Leptohyphidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera of Amazonas state, Brazil: new records, new combination, new species and identification key for nymphal stages. The following genera of Leptohyphidae occur in the Amazonas state: Amanahyphes Salles & Molineri, Leptohyphes Eaton, Tricorythodes Ulmer and Tricorythopsis Traver. Distribution of Leptohyphidae species in Amazonas state is presented. A new species, Tricorythodes yapekuna sp. nov., is described and can be distinguished from other Tricorythodes by: (1 tarsal claws with pair of submarginal denticles and no marginal denticles; (2 bi-articulated maxillary palp; (3 opercular gill black except on apical margin; (4 gill formula 2/3/3/3/2; and (5 expanded lateral abdominal margin of segments III_VI. The new combination, Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz & Ferreira, 2009 comb. nov., is proposed

Dificultades del amor erótico en los lazos de inclusión

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Maria Alves de Toledo Bruns

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El erotismo, una creación cultural de cada sociedad, se dio en el proceso de evolución de las especies a través del dominio del instinto sexual reproductor por el hombre transformándolo en una representación mediada en el y por el conjunto de censuras, prácticas, rituales, mitos y tabúes, lo que nos separa de los demás animales. Es experimentado por individuos considerados “normales” y por individuos discapacitados de distintas etnias, culturas, edades y clases sociales. Intento propiciar una reflexión acerca del ethos del patriarcado presente en las dificultades encontradas por los individuos al experimentar el amor erótico. Creo que es importante invertir en políticas públicas para cambiar del paradigma que considera la discapacidad como fenómeno individual al paradigma de las diversidades educativas, sociales, políticas y sexuales; expandir la información en el ámbito familiar, educativo y de los medios, para crear nuevas estructuras de experiencia del amor erótico.

Manejo Clínico del Oso Palmero (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) bajo Condiciones de Cautiverio en el Bioparque Los Ocarros

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Dora Adriana Lombo-Rodríguez

2008-01-01

El oso palmero (Myrmecophaga tridactyla. Linnaeus, 1758) es la única especie del género Myrmecophaga. Este mamífero se clasifica dentro del Infraorden: VERMILINGUA, Orden: XENARTHRA. Puede encontrarse en sabanas, pastizales, áreas inundadas y bosques húmedos. Geográficamente se encuentra al Norte desde Costa Rica hasta el Norte de Argentina. En Colombia en los Departamentos de Chocó, Magdalena, Orinoco, Amazonas y los Llanos Orientales....

A visibilidade do trabalho das mulheres ticunas da Amazônia The visibility of work among ticuna women in the Amazon

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Iraildes Caldas Torres

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo se ocupa de uma análise do artesanato indígena da Amazônia, confeccionado pelas mulheres ticunas, o qual se apresenta como um produto importante no desenvolvimento sustentado da comunidade rural Bom Caminho, no estado do Amazonas. Trata-se de um cotejamento de dados observados e coletados no processo de consultoria realizada ao Sebrae/Amazonas no ano de 2004. Mostra o trabalho das mulheres como o elemento ordenador da economia doméstica na etnia ticuna, sob o primado de uma divisão sexual do trabalho que credita a elas responsabilidade maior pela manutenção da família.This paper analyzes the Amazon Indian craftsmanship, done by Ticuna Women. Crafts are shown to be an important product in the strong positive development in the rural Amazon community. It works with data observed and collected in research done as a consultant for Sebrae/Amazonas in 2004. It shows how women work is an organizing element of the domestic economy for the Ticuna ethnicity. A principal feature of the sexual division of labor places women as having more responsibility for family maintenance.

Small scale production of vegetal coal in the state of Amazonas, Brazil: legal and social-economical aspects; Producao de carvao vegetal em pequena escala no Amazonas: aspectos legais e socio-ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Roberto Ferreira de; Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues de [Amazonas Univ., Manaus, AM (Brazil). Nucleo de Eficiencia Energetica (NEFEN)]. E-mail: nefen_ua@objetivomao.br

2000-07-01

Being a form of cheap energy, abundant and accessible, the vegetable coal is quite often used generally in the urban and rural areas in the Amazonas state, domestic and commercial use as well. Several families live of the production activity and commercialization of vegetable coal inside the State of Amazonas. However, actions of government organs of the environment area turn more and more difficult the exercise of those activities, creating a situation of clandestine production and in some cases making unfeasible the only form of subsistence of several families. Besides the legal aspect there exist the low technological level, being the production of vegetable coal done in ovens of the type 'hot tail', which cause problems for the users health. The mentioned subjects are discussed in that work based on the study accomplished at three places producing the vegetable coal in the the State of Amazonas hinter side, in the proximities of Manaus. Through the information obtained in the communities a proposal is presented for the small scale production of vegetable coal in a economical, social and environmentally self sustainable way. (author)

Influencia de factores socioeconómicos y ambientales sobre la adopción de tecnologías silvopastoriles por productores ganaderos, distrito de Molinopampa, Amazonas, Perú

OpenAIRE

Oliva Cruz, Segundo Manuel

2016-01-01

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Innovación Agraria para el Desarrollo Rural El objetivo general de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto de los factores sociales y culturales en el grado de adopción de cacao entre productores agrícolas del distrito de Santa María de Nieva, en la provincia de Condorcanqui, en la región Amazonas. La investigación se llevó a cabo en cuatro comunidades Awajún (Santa Rosa de Pagkintsa, Tayuntsa, Putuyacat y Najain Pa...

La "gente del desierto" en el norte de Sonora

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Hernán Javier Salas Quintanal

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La construcción de la frontera política administrativa, a mediados del siglo diecinueve, entre Arizona (Estados Unidos y Sonora (México provocó una dispersión entre los pápagos que quedaron al lado mexicano y los que se ubicaron al norte de la línea fronteriza. Durante años esta división generó un alejamiento en los estilos de vida y en la forma de habitar un ambiente desértico; en la actualidad, la frontera política se expresa en las esferas de la vida social, económica y cultural. En este artículo se hace referencia a la situación de los pápagos, la "gente del desierto" que habita el desierto de Altar, al norte de Sonora, quienes actualizan sus referentes comunes para identificarse como etnia y como grupo.

Temporal distribution of tuberculosis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Marlucia da Silva Garrido

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Tuberculosis (TB is one of the infectious diseases that contributes most to the morbidity and mortality of millions of people worldwide. Brazil is one of 22 countries that accounts for 80% of the tuberculosis global burden. The highest incidence rates in Brazil occur in the States of Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro. The aim of this study was to describe the temporal distribution of TB in the State of Amazonas. Between 2001 and 2011, 28,198 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Amazonas, distributed among 62 municipalities, with the capital Manaus reporting the highest (68.7% concentration of cases. Tuberculosis was more prevalent among males (59.3% aged 15 to 34 years old (45.5%, whose race/color was predominantly pardo (64.7% and who had pulmonary TB (84.3%. During this period, 81 cases of multidrug-resistant TB were registered, of which the highest concentration was reported from 2008 onward (p = 0.002. The municipalities with the largest numbers of indigenous individuals affected were São Gabriel da Cachoeira (93%, Itamarati (78.1%, and Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (70.1%. The future outlook for this region includes strengthening the TB control at the primary care level, by expanding diagnostic capabilities, access to treatment, research projects developed in collaboration with the Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation .;Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD.; and financing institutions, such as the project for the expansion of the Clinical Research Center and the creation of a hospital ward for individuals with transmissible respiratory diseases, including TB.

Variaciones en las actividades enzimáticas del veneno de la serpiente Bothrops atrox "jergón", de tres zonas geográficas del Perú Variation of the enzymatic activity of Bothrops atrox "jergon" snake venom from three geographic regions, Peru

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César Ortiz

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Estudiar la variabilidad en la composición y actividades enzimáticas entre venenos de ejemplares adultos de Bothrops atrox. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon venenos de serpientes adultas procedentes de Amazonas, Junín y Ucayali. A cada una de las muestras se les realizó el análisis del contenido proteico y del número de bandas por PAGESDS, así como las actividades de fosfolipasa A2, hemolítica indirecta, amidolítica, coagulante, hemorrágica y proteolítica sobre caseína y mediante zimograma; además, se hicieron ensayos de inmunodifusión y neutralización in vitro con el suero antibotrópico polivalente del Instituto Nacional de Salud de Perú. Resultados. Las actividades amidolítica, coagulante, hemorrágica, proteolítica mediante zimograma, fosfolipasa A2 y hemolítica indirecta fueron variables, evidenciándose en las tres últimas una mayor actividad en los venenos de Amazonas, mientras que en la cantidad de proteína, bandas electroforéticas y actividad proteolítica sobre caseína no se observaron diferencias. Con respecto a las pruebas de neutralización, 0,5 dosis del antiveneno fueron suficientes para neutralizar con eficacia (más del 50% la actividad coagulante y fosfolipasa A2 de todas las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones. Algunas propiedades biológicas del veneno de ejemplares adultos de Bothrops atrox de Perú son variables, sin que ello afecte la neutralización in vitro por parte del suero antibotrópico polivalente sobre las actividades coagulante y fosfolipasa A2 del veneno.Objectives. To study the variability in the composition and enzymatic activity of venom from adult Bothrops atrox specimens. Materials and methods. We used venoms from adult snakes from Amazonas, Junín and Ucayali. Each of the venom samples underwent analysis for protein and number of bands by pagesds. Phospholipase A2, hemolytic, amidolytic, coagulant, hemorrhagic activity were analyzed, also and proteolytic activity on

Branchial cysts in two Amazon parrots (Amazona species).

Science.gov (United States)

Beaufrère, Hugues; Castillo-Alcala, Fernanda; Holmberg, David L; Boston, Sarah; Smith, Dale A; Taylor, W Michael

2010-03-01

A 37-year-old yellow-crowned Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) and a 20-year-old red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis) each presented with a large mass localized on the lateral neck. With the first bird, there was no evidence of signs of pain or discomfort, and the bird prehended and swallowed food normally. The second bird showed signs of mild upper-gastrointestinal discomfort. Results of an ultrasound examination and aspiration of the mass on each bird revealed a cystic structure. A computed tomography performed on the second bird revealed a large polycystic mass connected to the pharynx by a lateral tract. During surgical resection, both masses were found to originate from the subpharyngeal area. Based on topography and the histopathologic and immunohistochemical results, the masses were determined to be a second branchial cleft cyst for the first case and a second branchial pouch cyst for the second case. In addition, a carcinoma was present in situ within the epithelium of case 1, and the cyst in case 2 was secondarily infected. Branchial cysts are uncommonly diagnosed in veterinary and human medicine. These 2 cases are the first documented in parrots and appear similar to second branchial cysts reported in adult humans.

Factores de riesgo asociados a infección aguda por hepatitis B en población militar destacada al departamento de Amazonas, Perú

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César Cabezas

2007-10-01

Full Text Available El Perú es considerado un país de endemicidad intermedia-alta para el virus de hepatitis B (VHB, con variaciones entre diferentes regiones. Existen pocos reportes del problema de infección por el VHB en personal militar. Objetivos. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de infección por el VHB en un brote epidémico en personal militar destacado en Ampama, Amazonas, Perú. Material y métodos. Estudio caso-control en personal militar destacado al puesto de Ampama y a la base El Milagro, departamento de Amazonas. Fueron evaluados HBsAg y posibles factores de riesgo asociados a un incremento de riesgo de adquirir el VHB. Resultados. Se estudió a 123 personas, repartidos en 41 sujetos en cada uno de los grupos (casos, control 1 y control 2. 73,2% de los casos tuvo confirmación de infección aguda por el VHB (IgM anti HBc positivo y anti Delta fue positivo en 1/37 (2,7% caso. Ninguno de los factores de riesgo evaluados mostró una asociación significativa con hepatitis B. Algunos factores de riesgo con posible asociación fueron contacto con personal con hepatitis B (OR 2,3; IC95% 0,9 - 5,7 y mordedura de murciélago (OR 1,6; IC95% 0,6 - 4,4. Conclusiones. Los factores de riesgo clásicos asociados con la transmisión del virus de la hepatitis B no fueron significativos. El personal militar es un grupo en riesgo para infectarse con el VHB.

The environmental and social impact of electric energy generation in villages and states of the interior of Amazonas state, Brazil; O impacto socio-ambiental da geracao de energia eletrica nas vilas e municipios do interior do estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos

2004-07-01

The interior of the State of Amazonas is nowadays socio and economically stagnant in consequence of various structural problems. The lack of a reliable source of electricity in these areas is one of these problems, and it has been causing several environment and social problems for the local population. To show, in a historic context, the consequences of this scenario to the country side of the State of Amazonas, is the goal of this article. (author)

DIFERENCIAS ÉTNICAS Y DE ACULTURACIÓN EN EL CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS EN LA REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANIA, CHILE

OpenAIRE

Schnettler M, Berta; Huaiquiñir C, Valeska; Mora G, Marcos; Miranda V, Horacio; Sepúlveda M, José; Denegri C, Marianela

2010-01-01

Con el objetivo de detectar diferencias en los hábitos de consumo y gasto en alimentos según la etnia del consumidor y grado de aculturación en personas mapuche, se aplicó una encuesta personal a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada por etnia con afijacion simple, en la ciudad de Temuco, Región de La Araucanía. Considerando los grupos de alimentos que contemplan las Encuestas de Presupuestos Familiares, el gasto mensual en alimentos es menor en los hogares mapuche. Según etnia se observ...

LOS USOS DEL AFECTO EN EL CURRÍCULUM ESCOLAR

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Claudia Matus

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo exploramos como el currículum escolar usa el afecto, entendido como una tecnología o fuerza para incitar ciertos comportamientos y moralidades, en estudiantes en Chile. En la medida en que el currículum organiza el conocimiento en distintas dimensiones, como por ejemplo las actitudes, es que el afecto consolida la neutralidad requerida para mantener órdenes sociales y culturales; particularmente cuando nos referimos a categorías de raza, etnia, clase social, género y sexualidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es mostrar como el afecto es usado a través del currículum escolar para promover formas neutrales de producir sujetos escolares. Más que dar respuestas, el esfuerzo de este artículo está en producir problemáticas acerca de cómo se ha sofisticado la regulación de los sujetos a través del currículum.

Mujeres y poder: Amazonas en el cine contemporáneo para adolescentes

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María Isabel Menéndez Menéndez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Las amazonas son un símbolo femenino que aparece en obras artísticas y textos literarios, construyendo un imaginario de mujeres míticas y guerreras del que se han alimentado múltiples obras de cultura popular, casi siempre desde un punto de vista patriarcal y/o fálico. Sin embargo, es posible descubrir la existencia de algunos productos mainstream que subvierten esta representación, configurando un perfil heroico positivo y emancipador. El presente texto ofrece un análisis de dos obras recientes dirigidas a público juvenil: la película de animación Brave (Mark Andrews y Brenda Chapman, 2012 y la saga cinematográfica The Hunger Games (Gary Ross, 2012; Francis Lawrence, 2013, 2014 y 2015. En ambos casos existe un protagonismo femenino incuestionable que, desde un análisis feminista, ofrece una alternativa a la mayoría de personajes de la industria audiovisual, caracterizados por el sexismo y la subordinación a lo masculino pues, tanto Mérida como Katniss, son descritas como heroínas independientes, con personalidad y capacidad de decisión.

Geomorfología y estratigrafía de las formaciones cuaternarias en la región del trapecio amazónico colombiano

OpenAIRE

Jaramillo-Justinico, Alexis; Parra Sánchez, Luis Norberto; Rangel-Churio, Jesús Orlando

2012-01-01

En la región del trapecio amazónico de Colombia, las secuencias sedimentarias recientes (neo formación) dependen en su forma y en su estabilidad del ciclo anual de inundación del río Amazonas. Entre los materiales sedimentarios no afectados por el ciclo actual del río se reconoce a la terraza de Leticia-Tabatinga, de edad estimada entre 8000 y 10000 años A.P., aunque es posible que su modelado se generara en el tardiglaciar (14.000 años AP.). Sus sedimentos están recubiertos por la Formación ...

EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL: 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

OpenAIRE

João Cândido André da Silva Neto

2018-01-01

Prezados leitores e autores, a Revista Geonorte, do Departamento de Geografia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, apresenta sua nova edição, de 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

Avifauna of the Pongos Basin, Amazonas Department, Peru

Science.gov (United States)

Brooks, Daniel M.; O'Neill, John P.; Foster, Mercedes S.; Mark, Todd; Dauphine, Nico; Franke, Irma J.

2009-01-01

We provide an inventory of the avifauna of the Pongos Basin, northern Amazonas Department, Peru based on museum specimens collected during expeditions spanning >60 years within the 20th century. Four hundred and thirty-eight species representing 52 families are reported. Differences between lowland and higher elevation avifaunas were apparent. Species accounts with overviews of specimen data are provided for four species representing distributional records, two threatened species, and 26 species of Nearctic and Austral migrants, of which six are considered probable migrants.

Effects of Hurricane Georges on habitat use by captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis) released in the Dominican Republic

Science.gov (United States)

White, T.H.; Collazo, J.A.; Vilella, F.J.; Guerrero, S.A.

2005-01-01

We radio-tagged and released 49 captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis) in Parque Nacional del Este (PNE), Dominican Republic, during 1997 and 1998. Our primary objective was to develop a restoration program centered on using aviary-reared birds to further the recovery of the critically endangered Puerto Rican Parrot (A. vittata). Hurricane Georges made landfall over the release area on 22 September 1998 with sustained winds of 224 km/h, providing us with a unique opportunity to quantify responses of parrots to such disturbances. Quantitative data on such responses by any avian species are scarce, particularly for Amazona species, many of which are in peril and occur in hurricane-prone areas throughout the Caribbean. Mean home ranges of 18 parrots monitored both before and after the hurricane increased (P = 0.08) from 864 ha (CI = 689-1039 ha) pre-hurricane to 1690 ha (CI = 1003-2377 ha) post-hurricane. The total area traversed by all parrots increased > 300%, from 4884 ha pre-hurricane to 15,490 ha post-hurricane. Before Hurricane Georges, parrot activity was concentrated in coastal scrub, tall broadleaf forest, and abandoned agriculture (conucos). After the hurricane, parrots concentrated their activities in areas of tall broadleaf forest and abandoned conucos. Topographic relief, primarily in the form of large sinkholes, resulted in "resource refugia" where parrots and other frugivores foraged after the hurricane. Habitat use and movement patterns exhibited by released birds highlight the importance of carefully considering effects of season, topography, and overall size of release areas when planning psittacine restorations in hurricane-prone areas. ?? The Neotropical Ornithological Society.

EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL: 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

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João Cândido André da Silva Neto

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Prezados leitores e autores, a Revista Geonorte, do Departamento de Geografia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, apresenta sua nova edição, de 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis )

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Carpenter, James W; Tully, Thomas N; Gehring, Ronette; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon

To determine the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ), 8 healthy adult parrots of both sexes were used in a 2-part study. In a pilot study, piperacillin (87 mg/kg) in combination with tazobactam (11 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly

Propagação in vitro de tucumã do Amazonas In vitro propagation of Astrocarium aculeatum

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Paulo Hercílio Viegas Rodrigues

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O gênero Astrocaryum possui um grande número de espécies com potencial alimentício e produtoras de óleos. A espécie mais utilizada, o tucumã do Amazonas, é consumida em larga escala nos estados da região norte do Brasil e originado do extrativismo vegetal. Embriões zigóticos de sementes maduras e imaturas de tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey foram inoculados em meio de cultivo semi-sólido de Murashige e Skoog (MS suplementado com vitaminas. Os embriões sobreviventes foram transferidos para o mesmo meio MS suplementado com 0,0; 1,0; 3,0 e 5,0mg L-1 de BAP, obtendo-se taxa crescente de brotação, sendo as mais eficientes as doses de 3,0 a 5,0mg L-1There is a large number of species within the genus Astrocaryum with the potential for use as food and for oil production. The most used species, tucumã do Amazonas, is consumed on a large scale in the States in the northern region of Brazil, originating from extractivism. Zygotic embryos of mature and immature tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. seeds were inoculated in a semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS culture medium supplemented with vitamins. The surviving embryos were transferred to the same MS medium supplemented with 0.0; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0mg L-1 of BAP, obtaining an increasing rate of shoot formation.

Formas de maltrato infantil e interacciones familiares existentes en las familias de niños, niñas y adolescentes de la Unidad de Atención de Totoracocha del Infa-Mies Cuenca, junio a diciembre de 2009

OpenAIRE

Quito Sacaquirín, María Esperanza

2010-01-01

FORMASDE MALTRATO INFANTIL E INTERACCIONES FAMILIARES EXISTENTES EN LAS FAMILIAS DE NIÑOS, NIÑAS Y ADOLESCENTES DE LA UNIDAD DE ATENCION TOTORACOCHA DEL INFA-MIES, CUENCA, JUNIO A DICIEMBRE DEL 2009 El Maltrato infantil es un problema social que ha existido siempre, se da en todas las clases sociales o etnias El número de niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de maltrato infantil cada vez es mayor, sobre todo dentro de los hogares por sus progenitores y también por las personas que viven bajo...

A historical overview of leprosy epidemiology and control activities in Amazonas, Brazil

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Carolina Cunha

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to comparative genomics studies, this disease originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. The Europeans and North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years. In Brazil, this disease arrived with the colonizers who disembarked at the first colonies, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, at the end of the sixteenth century, after which it was spread to the other states. In 1854, the first leprosy cases were identified in State of Amazonas in the north of Brazil. The increasing number of leprosy cases and the need for treatment and disease control led to the creation of places to isolate patients, known as leprosaria. One of them, Colonia Antônio Aleixo was built in Amazonas in 1956 according to the most advanced recommendations for isolation at that time and was deactivated in 1979. The history of the Alfredo da Matta Center (AMC, which was the first leprosy dispensary created in 1955, parallels the history of leprosy in the state. Over the years, the AMC has become one of the best training centers for leprosy, general dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in Brazil. In addition to being responsible for leprosy control programs in the state, the AMC has carried out training programs on leprosy diagnosis and treatment for health professionals in Manaus and other municipalities of the state, aiming to increase the coverage of leprosy control activities. This paper provides a historical overview of leprosy in State of Amazonas, which is an endemic state in Brazil.

Análise do conteúdo de propagandas de medicamentos psicoativos Análisis del contenido de propagandas de medicamentos psicoactivos Psychoactive drug advertising: content analysis

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Patrícia C Mastroianni

2008-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as figuras humanas retratadas nas propagandas de medicamentos psicoativos quanto ao gênero, a idade, a etnia e o contexto social. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo de 86 impressos publicitários inéditos divulgados em Araraquara (SP no ano de 2005. A associação entre as categorias foi analisada usando o teste exato de Fisher. Houve predomínio de mulheres (62,8%, sendo quatro vezes mais freqüentes que os homens em propagandas de antidepressivos e ansiolíticos. A maioria era constituída de jovens adultos (72%, de etnia branca (98,8%. As pessoas estavam em lazer (46,5%, em suas casas (29% ou em contato com a natureza (16,2%. A mensagem transmitida foi que os medicamentos tratam sintomatologias subjetivas de desconforto do dia-a-dia, induzindo a um apelo irracional que pode refletir na prescrição medicamentosa.El objetivo del estudio fue describir las figuras humanas retratadas en las propagandas de medicamentos psicoactivos con relación al género, la edad, la etnia y el contexto social. Se realizó un análisis del contenido de 86 anuncios publicitarios inéditos divulgados en Araraquara (sureste de Brasil, en el año 2005. La asociación entre las categorías fue analizada usando la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se detectó un predominio de mujeres (62,8%, siendo cuatro veces mas frecuentes que los hombres en propagandas de antidepresivos y ansiolíticos. La mayoría estaba constituida por jóvenes adultos (72%, de etnia blanca (98,8%. Las personas estaban en tiempo de ocio (46,5%, en sus casas (29% o en contacto con la naturaleza (16,2%. El mensaje transmitido fue que los medicamentos tratan sintomatologías subjetivas de incomodidad del día a día, induciendo un reclamo irracional que puede reflejarse en la prescripción medicamentosaThe goal of this study was to describe the human figures portrayed in psychoactive drug advertising in terms of gender, age, ethnic group, and social context. Content

Hymenoptera stings in Brazil: a neglected health threat in Amazonas State

OpenAIRE

Costa, Allyson Guimarães; Chaves, Bárbara Aparecida; Murta, Felipe Leão Gomes; Sachett, Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves; Sampaio, Vanderson Souza; Silva, Vanessa Costa; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo

2018-01-01

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hymenoptera injuries are commonly caused by stinging insects. In Amazonas state, Brazil, there is no information regarding distribution, profile, and systemic manifestations associated with Hymenoptera injuries. METHODS: This study aimed to identify risk factors for systemic manifestation using the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (2007 to 2015). RESULTS: Half of Hymenoptera injuries were caused by bee stings. Hymenoptera injuries were concentrate...

Historical analysis of the records of sylvan yellow fever in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, from 1996 to 2009

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Maria das Graças Gomes Saraiva

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction Yellow fever is a non-contagious infectious disease, highly lethal, transmitted by the Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes. Methods Descriptive retrospective study of the yellow fever cases in Amazonas, between 1996 and 2009. Results Forty two cases of yellow fever were confirmed, with 30 deaths, 10% of which were foreigners. Conclusions The presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in both rural Amazonas and its capital demonstrates the dispersion of these vectors and underscores the need for better and continuous epidemiological and entomological control.

Efeitos sedativos da associação de Cetamina e Midazolam administrados pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaio (Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea

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Eduarda H. Bitencourt

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A falta de protocolos de sedação seguros para uso em papagaios na literatura demonstra a necessidade de conhecer os anestésicos que são eficazes nestes animais. Devido a pouca massa muscular desta espécie, notou-se a necessidade de estudar outra via de administração, menos invasiva e dolorosa ao animal, como a via intranasal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e a viabilidade da administração intranasal, em comparação à via intramuscular, de 15mg/kg de Cetamina e 1mg/kg de Midazolam. Foram utilizados 14 papagaios das espécies Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea, de ambos os sexos, adultos, peso médio de 388,5±29,1g. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: intramuscular (IM, n=7 e intranasal (IN, n=7. No grupo intramuscular, a administração dos anestésicos foi realizada nos músculos peitorais, utilizando seringas de insulina e no grupo intranasal, com auxílio de uma micropipeta. Avaliou-se o período de latência, tempo de duração, qualidade de sedação, e o tempo de recuperação total. A média para o período de latência no grupo IM foi de 6,13±2,02 minutos e no grupo IN de 4,84±2,37 minutos. Já para o tempo de duração da sedação no grupo IM a média foi de 35,81±29,56 e no grupo IN de 24,52±14,83 minutos. Ambas as vias promoveram sedação adequada, pois a média do escore da qualidade de sedação obtida pelo grupo IM foi 2±1,5 e pelo grupo IN 1,28±1,1. O tempo de recuperação total no grupo IM foi de 27,04±11,69 e no grupo IN de 17,67±11,64 minutos. Apesar do grupo IN ter apresentado os menores tempos de período de latência, duração e de recuperação total e ter obtido melhor escore na qualidade de sedação, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que a administração de 15 mg/kg de cetamina e 1mg/kg de midazolam pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaios (Amazona aestiva e

Molecular Epidemiology of Epidemic Severe Malaria Caused by Plasmodium vivax in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Santos-Ciminera, Patricia D

2005-01-01

.... In Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, atypical cases of Plasmodium vivax infections, including patients presenting with severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding, led to the hypothesis that severe disease...

A hist?ria da Pol?tica de Sa?de Mental do Amazonas: a reforma psiqui?trica e sua estrutura??o

OpenAIRE

Navarro, Raquel Maria

2015-01-01

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar historicamente a estrutura??o da Pol?tica de Sa?de Mental no Amazonas, tendo como foco a Reforma Psiqui?trica ocorrida principalmente em Manaus. O Movimento da Reforma Psiqui?trica no Amazonas iniciou no final da d?cada de 1970, por um grupo de psiquiatras e profissionais do Hospital Col?nia Eduardo Ribeiro, que se inspiraram nas ideias da Reforma Psiqui?trica. Ideias que possibilitaram o surgimento de uma Pol?tica de Sa?de Mental no Brasil...

Sedative Effects of Intranasal Midazolam Administration in Wild Caught Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and Orange-winged Amazon (Amazona amazonica) Parrots.

Science.gov (United States)

Schaffer, Débora P H; de Araújo, Nayone L L C; Raposo, Ana Cláudia S; Filho, Emanoel F Martins; Vieira, João Victor R; Oriá, Arianne P

2017-09-01

Safe and effective sedation protocols are important for chemical restraint of birds in clinical and diagnostic procedures, such as clinical evaluations, radiographic positioning, and blood collection. These protocols may reduce stress and ease the management of wild-caught birds, which are susceptible to injury or death when exposed to stressful situations. We compare the sedative effect of intranasal midazolam in wild-caught blue-fronted (Amazona aestiva) and orange-winged (Amazona amazonica) Amazon parrots. Ten adult parrots of each species (n = 20), of unknown sex, weighing 0.337 ± 0.04 (blue-fronted) and 0.390 ± 0.03 kg (orange-winged), kg were used. Midazolam (2 mg/kg) was administered intranasally and the total volume of the drug was divided equally between the 2 nostrils. Onset time and total sedation time were assessed. Satisfactory sedation for clinical evaluation was induced in all birds. Onset time and total sedation times were similar in both species: 5.36 ± 1.16 and 25.40 ± 5.72 minutes, respectively, for blue-fronted Amazons and 5.09 ± 0.89 and 27.10 ± 3.73 minutes, respectively, for orange-winged Amazons. A total of 15 animals showed absence of vocalization, with moderate muscle relaxation and wing movement upon handling, and 2 animals presented with lateral recumbence, with intense muscle relaxation and no wing movement, requiring no restraint. Three blue-fronted Amazons had no effective sedation. Intranasally administered midazolam at a dose of 2 mg/kg effectively promoted sedative effects with a short latency time and fast recovery in wild-caught parrots.

Situação das indústrias madeireiras do Estado do Amazonas em 2000 Lumber industries situation in 2000 in Amazonas State

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José Ricardo Araújo Lima

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Apesar da baixa atividade de usos do solo no Estado, a produção de madeira não é sustentável. Isso é causado, principalmente, pela falta de infra-estrutura dos órgãos responsáveis para monitorar os planos de manejo florestal e de corte raso para agricultura e pecuária. Este estudo apresenta análise de alguns fatores de produção, industrialização e comercialização da indústria madeireira do Estado do Amazonas, visando viabilizar diagnóstico do setor florestal. Essas informações possibilitam o estabelecimento de políticas florestais para a região. Fez-se a definição das zonas de produção, onde os principais municípios produtores de serrados foram Manaus, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru e Parintins; e de compensados e laminados foram Manaus e Itacoatiara. Após essa definição os dados foram coletados diretamente nas indústrias, através de questionários e entrevistas para coletar as seguintes informações: principais espécies consumidas, produtividade das indústrias, origem da matéria-prima, transporte, qualificação de pessoal e treinamento, principais problemas tecnológicos e exportação. Em 2000, a produção estadual foi de 323.400m³ de madeira em toras. Mais de 50 espécies diferentes são usadas nas serrarias, das quais 16 representaram 80% do volume total, sendo as 5 espécies (louro inhamui,angelim pedra,amapá,assacu e maçaranduba contribuíram com 49,34% do consumo total; quanto as indústrias de compensado e laminado estas usaram, 17 espécies onde as 5 principais (muiratinga, sumaúma, copaíba, assacu e amapá representaram 62,71% do consumo total.Também foram coletados dados complementares junto ao IBAMA, SUFRAMA, SEFAZ e IBGE.Despite low land activities, hardwood production is not sustainable. This is caused mainly by the lack of infrastructure on the part of the responsible organs that monitor forest management plans and clear cutting for pasture and agriculture. This study dealt with forest

Nível sócio-econômico como uma variável geradora de erro em estudos de etnia Socioeconomic level as an error generating variable in racial studies

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A. D. Passos

1978-06-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a influência do nível sócio-econômico (NSE em variáveis biológicas que apresentam importância em estudos de etnia (peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e número de gestações em 734 crianças normais nascidas em 5 maternidades brasileiras. Os recém-nascidos foram classificados em grupos étnicos de acordo com seus antecedentes raciais. Concluiu-se que o NSE está associado com as variáveis peso ao nascer e número de gestações, funcionando, portanto, como variável geradora de erro em estudos de etnia.The influence of the socio-economic level on biologic variables such as birth-weight, gestational age and birth order was studied in 734 single live-born deliveries at five Brazilian maternities. Live-borns were classified into ethnic groups according to the races of their ancestors. Socio-economic level was found to be associated with birthweight and birth order, acting therefore as an error - generating variable in racial studies.

Tres nuevas especies de Sterculia L. (Sterculiaceae) de Venezuela

OpenAIRE

MONDRAGÓN, Alcides

2005-01-01

Como resultado del estudio taxonómico del género Sterculia L. (Sterculiaceae) en Venezuela, se describen tres nuevas especies: Sterculia abbreviata, procedente de los estados Amazonas, Aragua, Delta Amacuro, Mérida y Miranda; S. amazonica, a lo largo del Río Ocamo del estado Amazonas, y estado Bolívar; S. steyermarkii, en bosques siempreverdes en las costas del estado Miranda y en el estado Mérida. As a result of a taxonomical study of the genus Sterculia L. (Sterculiaceae) in Venezuela, t...

Lectura, biblioteca e inclusión social: Importancia de la promoción de la lectura en comunidades ribereñas en Amazonas, Brasil = Reading, library and social inclusion: The importance of promoting reading in riverside communities in Amazonas, Brazil

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Thiago Giordano de Souza Siqueira

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La lectura es un factor clave para la vida en sociedad; sin embargo, hay personas que no se han apropiado de este práctica. Este tema ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones e instancias académicas y científicas, siempre con el objetivo de lograr que la lectura sea accesible a todos. Brasil es conocido por su enorme extensión, pero carece de eficiencia en la ejecución de dichos proyectos. El Estado de Amazonas ocupa la superficie terrestre más grande del país; además, el transporte fluvial por los ríos es la única forma de acceso a las comunidades. El artículo describe un conjunto de actividades con el fin de acercar la lectura a las comunidades ribereñas, en un intento de democratizar el acceso a los libros y la lectura en ausencia de las bibliotecas públicas contribuyendo, de este modo, al proceso de inclusión informacional en la sociedad actual de la información y del conocimiento, donde la cuestión de la lectura es un desafío y, aunque sea una condición esencial, todavía existen analfabetos que necesitan ser incluidos con el fin de garantizar su participación como ciudadanos = Reading is a key factor for life in society, yet there are people who have not appropriated this habit. This theme has been the focus of various research and academic and scientific events, always with the intention of making it accessible to all. Brazil is known for its huge extension, but suffers from inefficiency in the implementation of this type of projects. The State of Amazonas occupies the largest land area of the country; in addition, the river transport is the only way to access to many communities. The article describes developed activities with the intention of bringing the reading to the riverside communities in an attempt to democratize access to books and reading in the absence of public libraries, contributing to the process of informational inclusion in the current society of information and knowledge where the issue of reading is

Osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva).

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Cardoso, João Felipe Rito; Levy, Marcelo Guilherme Bezerra; Liparisi, Flavia; Romão, Mario Antonio Pinto

2013-09-01

Osteoma is an uncommon bone formation documented in avian species and other animals. A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) with clinical respiratory symptoms was examined because of a hard mass present on the left nostril. Radiographs suggested a bone tumor, and the mass was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination revealed features of an osteoma. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. Osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in birds with respiratory distress and swelling of the nostril.

Riqueza específica y especies de interés para la conservación de la avifauna del área protegida Serranía del Aguaragüe (sur de Bolivia)

OpenAIRE

Martínez, Omar; Maillard Z., Oswaldo; Vedia-Kennedy, Javier; Herrera, Mauricio; Mesili, Thibeault; Rojas, Abraham

2011-01-01

Se relevó la avifauna de 11 localidades en el Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Serranía del Aguaragüe, provincia Gran Chaco, departamento de Tarija, Bolivia. Fueron registradas en total 272 especies de aves, 5 de ellas amenazadas (Buteogallus coronatus, Ara militaris, Amazona tucumana, Vultur gryphus y Buteogallus solitarius). Se incluye el registro de 11 especies nuevas para el departamento de Tarija y de 14 que eran conocidas por pocos registros. Se registraron 29 especies...

Trayectoria crítica del concepto de etnogénesis

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Galo Luna Penna

2014-11-01

Full Text Available En el año 2006 se reconoció constitucionalmente la etnia diaguita como parte de los pueblos originarios de Chile. En paralelo, se generó un amplio debate que transitó desde lo político hasta lo académico, éste último haciendo referencia a los enfoques interpretativos de este fenómeno. De esta discusión surgieron diferentes terminologías para retratar este proceso, tales como la emergencia indígena y reetnificación. Sin embargo, a mi juicio, hubo un concepto que fue quedando atrás, al menos en el debate formal; el de etnogénesis. El caso diaguita, entre varios, permite, entre otras muchas posibilidades de reflexión, abrir la discusión teórica para la comprensión de los resurgimientos y reivindicaciones identitarias contemporáneas. El presente artículo se propone reflexionar en torno a la pertinencia del uso del concepto de etnogénesis en la actualidad, para la comprensión de los fenómenos recientes de emergencias de nuevas identidades indígenas, similares al proceso diaguita, a través de una trayectoria crítica del término.

Caracterização da estratégia saúde da família no estado do Amazonas, Brasil: análise da implantação e impacto Characterization of the family health strategy in Amazonas state, Brazil: an analysis of implementation and impact

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Hadelândia Milon de Oliveira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a implantação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF em municípios do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, analisando indicadores de cobertura populacional potencial, indícios de mudança do modelo assistencial e indício de impacto (2004 e 2008. A classificação de implantação foi intermediária e insatisfatória. Os resultados mostram aumento no número de municípios com PSF implantado, assim como na cobertura do programa, porém ainda abaixo de 50% da cobertura populacional. Para a dimensão de mudança no modelo assistencial, não foram observados municípios com alto índice de mudança. No indício de impacto houve diminuição no baixo impacto e aumento do alto impacto. O teste estatístico indica que a classificação final não apresentou mudança estatisticamente significante entre um ano e outro, prevalecendo nos municípios do Estado do Amazonas a classificação de implantação insatisfatória. A avaliação do PSF não é algo simples, pois há vários fatores que contribuem para essa problemática. Outros estudos poderão revelar os fatores para sua classificação insatisfatória no Estado do Amazonas.This article focuses on the implementation of the Family Health Program (FHP in municipalities (counties in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, analyzing potential population coverage, evidence of change in the health care model, and impact (2004 and 2008. Implementation was classified as fair versus unsatisfactory. The findings showed an increase in the number of municipalities with the FHP implemented, as well as in the program's coverage (which nevertheless was less than 50% of the population. Concerning change in the health care model, no municipalities were observed with a high rate of change. As for impact, there was a decrease in low impact and an increase in high impact. The final classification did not show a statistically significant change from one year to the next, and unsatisfactory implementation prevailed

La dominación incaica en Cochabamba

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1978-01-01

Full Text Available - En los últimos años del reinado del Inca Pachacutec, su heredero, el Inca Tupac Yupanqui, conquistó Charcas. En el valle de Cochabamba halló tres etnias: cotas, chuyes y sipesipes. Deportó a los cotas y chuyes a Pocona y Mizque y dejó a los sipesipes, que eran una 'colonia' de la etnia sora. Tupac Yupanqui, luego de despoblar el valle, introdujo mitimaes de Contisuyo y destinó la mayor parte del valle a la cría de auquénidos. Huayna Capac repartió parte del valle entre las etnias de habla aymará para que enviasen anualmente un contingente que debía sembrar las tierras para su sustento y, en su mayor parte, para el estado incaico. Desde entonces, Cochabamba se convirtió en un centro muy importante para el aprovisionamiento de los ejércitos incaicos en el Collasuyo y para el mismo Cuzco. En Cotapachi, cerca de Cochabamba, se encontraron más de mil cimientos de collcas o depósitos incaicos, donde se guardaba el maíz antes de enviarlo al Cuzco en auquénidos. También introdujo Hayna Capac en Cochabamba mitimaes de Contisuyo, en Perú factor que colaboró a la difusión de la lengua quechua en el área.

A survey of necrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Oestroidea in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region (Brazilian Amazon

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Eduardo Amat

2016-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The fauna of blowflies (Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae in three localities of primary Amazon forest coverage in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region was assessed. A total of 5066 blowflies were collected, with Chloroprocta idiodea being the most abundant species (66.3%. A difference in species richness between the localities ZF2 and Novo Airão was observed. Comparison among sampled sites revealed no considerable variation in fauna composition, except for the species Eumesembrinella benoisti (Séguy 1925 and Hemilucilia sp., whose occurrence was observed only in a single locality. Apparently, Amazon rivers are not efficient geographical barriers to influence the current composition of necrophagous blowfly assemblages. Also, most of the blowfly species did not show a noticeable specificity for any specific forest among the interfluvial areas of the ombrophilous forest. Finally, an updated checklist of necrophagous blowfly species of the Amazonas state in Brazil is presented.

Snakebites as a largely neglected problem in the Brazilian Amazon: highlights of the epidemiological trends in the State of Amazonas

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Esaú Samuel Feitosa

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Envenoming snakebites are thought to be a particularly important threat to public health worldwide, especially in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. The true magnitude of the public health threat posed by snakebites is unknown, making it difficult for public health officials to optimize prevention and treatment. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to gather data on snakebite epidemiology in the Amazon region and describe a case series of snakebites from epidemiological surveillance in the State of Amazonas (1974-2012. Only 11 articles regarding snakebites were found. In the State of Amazonas, information regarding incidents involving snakes is scarce. Historical trends show an increasing number of cases after the second half of the 1980s. Snakebites predominated among adults (20-39 years old; 38%, in the male gender (78.9% and in those living in rural areas (85.6%. The predominant snake envenomation type was bothropic. The incidence reported by the epidemiological surveillance in the State of Amazonas, reaching up to 200 cases/100,000 inhabitants in some areas, is among the highest annual snakebite incidence rates of any region in the world. The majority of the cases were reported in the rainy season with a case-fatality rate of 0.6%. Snakebite envenomation is a great disease burden in the State of Amazonas, representing a challenge for future investigations, including approaches to estimating incidence under-notification and case-fatality rates as well as the factors related to severity and disabilities.

Progression of the load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases in the State of Amazonas

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Marilaine Martins

2015-06-01

Full Text Available In the State of Amazonas, Brazil, urban expansion together with precarious basic sanitation conditions and human settlement on river banks has contributed to the persistence of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases. Time series of the recorded cases of cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and leptospirosis are described, using data from different levels of the surveillance systems. The sources for intestinal parasitosis prevalence data (non-compulsory reporting in Brazil were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE, Literatura Latino-Americana (LILACS and the annals of major scientific meetings. Relevant papers and abstracts in all languages were accessed by two independent reviewers. The references cited by each relevant paper were scrutinized to locate additional papers. Despite its initial dissemination across the entire State of Amazonas, cholera was controlled in 1998. The magnitude of typhoid fever has decreased; however, a pattern characterized by eventual outbreaks still remains. Leptospirosis is an increasing cause of concern in association with the annual floods. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is high regardless of the municipality and the characteristics of areas and populations. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased over the past decade. A comparison of older and recent surveys shows that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases has remained constant. The load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases ranks high among the health problems present in the State of Amazonas. Interventions aiming at basic sanitation and vaccination for hepatitis A were formulated and implemented, but assessment of their effectiveness in the targeted populations is still needed.

Progression of the load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases in the State of Amazonas.

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Martins, Marilaine; Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Moura, Marco Antonio Saboia; Santos, Eyde Cristianne Saraiva; Saraceni, Valéria; Saraiva, Maria Graças Gomes

2015-01-01

In the State of Amazonas, Brazil, urban expansion together with precarious basic sanitation conditions and human settlement on river banks has contributed to the persistence of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases. Time series of the recorded cases of cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and leptospirosis are described, using data from different levels of the surveillance systems. The sources for intestinal parasitosis prevalence data (non-compulsory reporting in Brazil) were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana (LILACS) and the annals of major scientific meetings. Relevant papers and abstracts in all languages were accessed by two independent reviewers. The references cited by each relevant paper were scrutinized to locate additional papers. Despite its initial dissemination across the entire State of Amazonas, cholera was controlled in 1998. The magnitude of typhoid fever has decreased; however, a pattern characterized by eventual outbreaks still remains. Leptospirosis is an increasing cause of concern in association with the annual floods. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is high regardless of the municipality and the characteristics of areas and populations. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased over the past decade. A comparison of older and recent surveys shows that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases has remained constant. The load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases ranks high among the health problems present in the State of Amazonas. Interventions aiming at basic sanitation and vaccination for hepatitis A were formulated and implemented, but assessment of their effectiveness in the targeted populations is still needed.

Cloacolith in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva).

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Beaufrère, Hugues; Nevarez, Javier; Tully, Thomas N

2010-06-01

A 4-year-old blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was admitted for vocalization secondary to constipation. Saline infusion cloacoscopy revealed the presence of a 2-cm-diameter cloacolith within the coprodeum that was obstructing the rectal opening. The cloacolith was fragmented with a pair of biopsy forceps and the pieces removed. The cloacolith was subsequently analyzed and was composed of 100% uric acid salts. The bird improved completely and was able to defecate normally after the procedure. Cloacoliths are relative uncommon cloacal conditions, and this case documents cloacoscopic findings, rectal obstruction, and confirmation of its uric acid composition by urolith analysis.

Cen?rio das Pol?ticas P?blicas de fixa??o e provimento de profissionais de sa?de no Amazonas, 1970 - 1990

OpenAIRE

Barbosa, Erica Lima

2016-01-01

A presente Disserta??o ? resultado da pesquisa de cunho hist?rico, que teve como objetivo analisar o cen?rio das pol?ticas p?blicas de fixa??o e provimento de profissionais de Sa?de no Amazonas no per?odo de 1970 a 1990. A problematiza??o est? desmembrada nas seguintes quest?es: Quais as estrat?gias de fixa??o e provimentos de profissionais de sa?de foram desenvolvidas no Amazonas no per?odo entre 1970 a 1990? Como as pol?ticas de desenvolvimento de recursos humanos foram articuladas com as p...

Impactos ambientales en la microcuenca del río Parafuso, Amazonas oriental, Brasil

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Claudia Miranda

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación analizó los impactos ambientales causados por las actividades humanas en la microcuenca del río Parafuso en el municipio de Moju en el Estado de Pará (Brasil. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante herramientas de geoprocesamiento, investigación documental, cuestionarios, entrevistas semi estructuradas, observación directa y la cartografía participativa. Los resultados mostraron que las actividades antropogénicas y de crecimiento de la población sin planificación, combinada con el uso excesivo de los recursos naturales, causan un deterioro grave en los medios físico, biótico y antrópico en la cuenca del río Parafuso. Las fuentes identificadas en esta cuenca son difusas, temporales y han cambiado. La jerarquía del río en el sistema de drenaje es de segundo orden. La mayoría de los impactos ambientales identificados son de de carácter adverso, de gran importancia, de alta magnitude y de duración larga. El medio fisico es el más afectado. En orden de magnitud e importancia, la agricultura es la actividad que hace los principales impactos adversos y duraderos sobre el ambiente físico y el ambiente biológico.

Health regionalization in Amazonas: progress and challenges.

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Garnelo, Luiza; Sousa, Amandia Braga Lima; Silva, Clayton de Oliveira da

2017-04-01

This paper analyses the health services regionalization process in the State of Amazonas through a case study covering the health sub-region Manaus Surroundings. This is a qualitative, descriptive and analytical research, which data were collected using interviews, documents and Internet reviews, oriented by the guiding concept of health regionalization. Study findings revealed a social setting dominated by asymmetry, verticality, competitiveness and fragile multilateral relations among municipalities, associated to a bureaucratic profile of local institutions operating in the region under study. The political agents have limited acknowledgement of the sociopolitical and institutional conditions in which they operate. They usually impute healthcare networks' management and operational issues to the natural and geographical characteristics of the Amazon region, but their financing, governance and technical capacity are insufficient to overcome them.

REDES URBANAS, ABASTECIMENTO E O CAFÉ DA MANHÃ DE IDOSAS NA CIDADE DE TEFÉ, AMAZONAS: ELEMENTOS PARA A ANÁLISE DA GEOGRAFIA DA ALIMENTAÇÃO NO BRASIL

OpenAIRE

Costa, Ellen Anjos Camilo da; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Schor, Tatiana; Doutora em Ciência Ambiental e Pós-doutorado em Geografia Economica na CUNY/NY.

2013-01-01

A Amazônia, e o Amazonas em especial, pode ser considerado uma das últimas fronteiras do processo de transição dos hábitos alimentares. A substituição da dieta tradicional por uma “dieta do supermercado” é marcante em todas as regiões do Amazonas. Com o objetivo de analisar a relação entre transição dos hábitos alimentares, saúde, envelhecimento e rede urbana na Amazônia este artigo delimita um estudo de caso na cidade de Tefé, no Amazonas. Tefé, caracterizada como cidade polo para o IBGE e c...

Factors associated with nonadherence of tuberculosis treatment in the state of Paraná Factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento de tuberculosis en el estado de Paraná Fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento de tuberculose no estado do Paraná

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Mara Cristina Ribeiro Furlan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To describe the profile of tuberculosis reported cases and analyze the factors associated with treatment nonadherence in the state of Parana. METHODS: Ecological study that presented the TB cases reported between 2006 and 2010, using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, with significance level of 5%. RESULTS: During this period, 15,077 cases were reported, of which 84.2% were new cases. The majority of patients were male, skin color/ ethnicity white, and more than half were less than 40 years old with low education. Incidence rates and treatment nonadherence were higher than national rates. Less than half had ​​directly observed therapy. Young, alcoholics, unemployed individuals with low education and previous treatment nonadherence were more likely not to adhere to treatment. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of these aspects can support a more effective strategy in combating tuberculosis treatment nonadherence.OBJETIVOS: Describir el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos de tuberculosis notificados en el Estado de Paraná e identificar factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de tipo ecológico en el que se levantó los casos de tuberculosis notificados en el período comprendido entre 2006 y 2010 y usó la estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binaria, con nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: En este período, fueron notificados 15.077 casos, de los cuales el 84,2% eran nuevos. La mayoría de los enfermos era del género masculino, de color/etnia/etnia blanca, y más de la mitad tenía menos de 40 años y baja escolaridad. Las tasas de incidencia y de abandono del tratamiento fueron mayores que las tasas nacionales. Menos de la mitad hizo tratamiento directamente observado. Individuos jóvenes, etílicos, desempleados, de baja escolaridad y con abandono del tratamiento anterior tuvieron más oportunidades de abandonar el tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: El

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in a Yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix).

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Tennakoon, Anusha Hemamali; Izawa, Takeshi; Fujita, Daisuke; Denda, Yuki; Seto, Eiko; Sasai, Hiroshi; Kuwamura, Mitsuru; Yamate, Jyoji

2013-11-01

A 9-year-old male Yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) with a history of anorexia and vomiting died of a liver tumor. The tumor consisted of neoplastic cells with hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiations and their intermingled areas. Neoplastic hepatocytes showed islands or trabecular growth with vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm. Cells showing biliary differentiation formed ducts or tubules lined by cytokeratin AE1/AE3-positive epithelia, accompanied by desmoplasia consisting of myofibroblasts reacting to α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. The tumor was diagnosed as a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, which is very rare in the avian.

The major floods in the Amazonas river and tributaries (Western Amazon Basin) during the 1970-2012 period : a focus on the 2012 flood

OpenAIRE

Espinoza, J. C.; Ronchail, J.; Frappart, F.; Lavado, W.; Santini, William; Guyot, Jean-Loup

2013-01-01

In this work, the authors analyze the origin of the extreme floods in the Peruvian Amazonas River during the 1970-2012 period, focusing on the recent April 2012 flooding (55 400 m(3) s(-1)). Several hydrological variables, such as rainfall, terrestrial water storage, and discharge, point out that the unprecedented 2012 flood is mainly related to an early and abundant wet season over the north of the basin. Thus, the peak of the Maranon River, the northern contributor of the Amazonas, occurred...

As Organizações da Sociedade Civil no enfrentamento à AIDS no Amazonas, Brasil

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Michele Rocha Kadri

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou analisar a percepção que as Organizações da Sociedade Civil fazem de sua contribuição na história do enfrentamento à AIDS, no Amazonas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com uso de fontes documentais e orais. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2013. Utilizou-se técnica de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com as lideranças de oito organizações que trabalham/trabalharam com grupos mais vulneráveis. A partir da análise do discurso, concluiu-se que com a descentralização de recursos do Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais para as Coordenações locais, as Organizações reconhecem dois momentos distintos: um primeiro momento de fortalecimento organizacional, engajamento coletivo e participação política ativa; e um momento atual de distanciamento entre as Organizações e desarticulação política e, consequentemente, enfraquecimento do movimento social na luta contra AIDS no Amazonas.

The Paleozoic ichthyofauna of the Amazonas and Parnaíba basins, Brazil

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Figueroa, Rodrigo Tinoco; Machado, Deusana Maria da Costa

2018-03-01

The Brazilian Paleozoic ichthyofauna from the Parnaíba and Amazonas basins regard a sparsely known diversity, including chondrichthyans and acanthodians, besides some osteichthyan remains. This work proposes a revision of the fossil material from these two sedimentary basins and synthesizes the morphological aspect of such material trying to understand the influences of those fossils to the paleontology of the region, comparing the Brazilian fossils with other gondwanan faunas. The Brazilian Paleozoic fish fauna shows great resemblance to those of Bolivia, especially during the Devonian. Many of the Acanthodian spines from the Manacapuru Formation (Amazonas Basin), and the Pimenteira Formation (Parnaíba Basin), are comparable to the taxa found in Bolivia. The lack of more Placoderm remains in the Brazilian outcrops is similar to the low diversity of this group in Bolivia, when compared to other South American and Euramerican localities. The most diverse Brazilian ichthyofauna is encountered in the Permian Pedra de Fogo Formation where numerous chondrichthyans and 'paleopterygians' remains are found, together with dipnoans and actinistians. Despite the apparent lack of more representative Paleozoic ichthyofaunas in Brazil, the available material that ranges from Lower Devonian to early Permian from Brazil bears important taxa that could address valuable taxonomic and biogeographic informations.

The use of renewable alternative sources for the isolated electric generation: proposal of agroenergy system implantation based on the palm oil from the Amazonas state, Brazil; O uso de fontes alternativas renovaveis para a geracao eletrica isolada: proposta de implantacao de sistemas agroenergeticos com base na palma africana no Estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Anamelia Medeiros [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

2006-07-01

This paper presents an analysis of the introduction potential of agroenergetic systems in the state of Amazonas, BR, by giving priority to the plantation of the palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in deforested areas od the state of Amazonas, BR, which presents the edaphoclimatic conditions necessary for the plantation of this palm tree. The palm oil can be used in natura in stationary engines and cas basic raw material for the production of biodiesel, both through transesterification and cracking as well.

Estudio fitoquímico y biológico preliminar de la corteza (tallo de vismia cayennensis proveniente del estado Amazonas, Venezuela

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Marín, Karina

2017-09-01

Full Text Available A chemical and biological preliminary study of the species Vismia cayennensis, collected in the Amazonas state, Venezuela. The antibacterial test of plant bark extract showed significant inhibition in Escherichia coli, Shigella sp and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, three of the five soluble fractions of different polarity solvents, specifically those of chloroform, acetone and water, maintained moderately active against Shigella sp strain. The hydroalcoholic extract of the plant and the fraction soluble in chloroform, exhibited a significant antiinflammatory effect. Cytotoxicity tests performed by the methods of (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-yl-5-(3-carboximetoxifenil-2-(4-sulfophenyl-2H-tetrazolium/phenazine methosulfate of (MTS/PMS and sulforhodamine B , revealed that only has water soluble cytotoxic effect. Additionally, a study phytochemical obtained information on the presence of some families of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, anthraquinones, triterpenes and sterols. It can be inferred that the stem bark of the plant V. cayennensis, is a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites

The costs of REDD: lessons from Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viana, Virgilio M.; Ribenboim, Gabriel [Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (Brazil); Mea, Rosana Della [Rainforest Concern (Brazil); Grieg-Gran, Maryanne

2009-11-15

Reducing tropical deforestation is a major climate and development issue: forest clearing is responsible for roughly a fifth of greenhouse gas emissions, and the forest-dependent poor number over a billion. In the runup to the Copenhagen climate summit, REDD – reducing emissions from deforestation and (forest) degradation by providing incentives to tropical forest countries – has been touted as one of the most cost-effective mitigation mechanisms on the table. But the benefits would be only temporary if forests saved today are cleared once incentives cease. Would the expense of maintaining such incentives over decades raise the price to uncompetitive levels? A forest reserve in Amazonas, Brazil, offers some of the first real-world data on the costs of REDD. Even with pessimistic assumptions about future pressures, the project's carbon cuts look highly affordable.

[Pilot study of echocardiographic studies using color- and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler methods in blue-crowned amazons (Amazona ventralis) and blue-fronted amazons (Amazona a. aestiva)].

Science.gov (United States)

Pees, M; Straub, J; Schumacher, J; Gompf, R; Krautwald-Junghanns, M E

2005-02-01

Colour-flow and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler echocardiography was performed on 6 healthy, adult Hispaniolan amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and 6 blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona a. aestiva) to establish normal reference values. Birds were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. An electrocardiogram was recorded continuously and birds were imaged with a micro-phased-array scanner with a frequency of 7.0 MHz. After assessment of cardiac function in 2-D-echocardiography, blood flow across the left and the right atrioventricular valve and across the aortic valve was determined using color-flow and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler echocardiography. Diastolic inflow (mean value +/- standard deviation) into the left ventricle was 0.17 +/- 0.02 m/s (Hispaniolan amazons) and 0.18 +/- 0.03 m/s (Blue fronted amazons). Diastolic inflow into the right ventricle was 0.22 +/- 0.05 m/s (Hispaniolan amazons) and 0.22 +/- 0.04 m/s (Blue fronted amazons). Velocity across the aortic valve was 0.84 +/- 0.07 m/s (Hispaniolan amazons) and 0.83 +/- 0.08 m/s (Blue fronted amazons). Systolic pulmonary flow could not be detected in any of the birds in this study. No significant differences were evident between the two species examined. Results of this study indicate that Doppler echocardiography is a promising technique to determine blood flow in the avian heart. Further studies in other avian species are needed to establish reference values for assessment of cardiac function in diseased birds.

Uso medicinal de las plantas por los otomíes del municipio de Nicolás Flores, Hidalgo, México

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A. Sánchez-González

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El conocimiento de las plantas medicinales por los otomíes (hñähñü de Nicolás Flores, Hidalgo se ha mantenido a través de las generaciones. La influencia de la medicina alópata está restringida principalmente a la prevención de enfermedades como poliomielitis, sarampión, viruela y paludismo. La medicina tradicional es más viable ante las condiciones socioeconómicas, fisiográficas y culturales en esta región. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las especies de plantas que utilizan los hñähñü con fines medicinales, el tipo de enfermedades que se tratan y la afinidad geográfica de las mismas. El trabajo de campo consistió en la realización de entrevistas abiertas a los pobladores del municipio y en la colecta de ejemplares en diferentes unidades "etnoecológicas". Se reporta el uso medicinal de 112 especies en el tratamiento de afecciones como susto, dolor de estómago, dolor del riñón, diarrea, fiebre, mal de ojo, entre otras. Aunque la mayoría de los habitantes conoce el uso medicinal de algunas plantas, los ancianos son más cultos, en la sabiduría hñähñü, como la de otras etnias de México, el pensamiento mágico-religioso forma parte de su cosmovisión y consideran la dualidad frío-caliente para el tratamiento. La gama de enfermedades que se presume curan las plantas registradas es muy amplio, desde la gripe hasta el cáncer. El 75 % de las especies utilizadas por esta etnia son nativas del Continente Americano, principalmente de México y Centroamérica (39 %, lo que sugiere que el acervo botánico básico tradicional hñähñü aún es vigente.

Leptohyphidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera do estado do Amazonas, Brasil: novos registros, nova combinação, nova espécie e chave de identificação para estágios ninfais

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Enide Luciana Lima Belmont

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Leptohyphidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil: novos registros, nova combinação, nova espécie e chave de identificação para estágios ninfais. Os seguintes gêneros de Leptohyphidae ocorrem no estado do Amazonas: Amanahyphes Salles & Molineri, Leptohyphes Eaton, Tricorythodes Ulmer e Tricorythopsis Traver. A distribuição das espécies de Leptohyphidae no Estado do Amazonas é apresentada. Uma espécie nova, Tricorythodes yapekuna sp. nov., é descrita e pode ser diferenciada de outros Tricorythodes pelas (1 garras tarsais com um par de dentículos submarginais e sem dentículos marginais; (2 palpo maxilar biarticulado; (3 brânquia opercular uniformemente preta com exceção da margem apical; (4 fórmula branquial 2/3/3/3/2; e (5 margem lateral do abdome expandida nos segmentos III_VI. Uma combinação nova, Tricorythopsis rondoniensis (Dias, Cruz & Ferreira, 2009 comb. nov., é proposta e constitui o primeiro registro dessa espécie para o Estado do Amazonas. Uma chave dicotômica ilustrada para identificar ninfas de gêneros e espécies ocorrentes no Amazonas também é apresentada.

Mycobacterium marinum infection in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva).

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Hannon, David E; Bemis, David A; Garner, Michael M

2012-12-01

A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was presented with a granuloma involving the proximal rhinotheca and extending into the rostral sinuses. Mycobacterium marinum was diagnosed based on results of biopsy and culture. Treatment was initiated with clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol, but the bird died 4 months after the onset of antimicrobial therapy. Additional granulomas were found in the left lung and liver on postmortem examination. Mycobacterial isolation on postmortem samples was unsuccessful. This is the first report of Mycobacterium marinum in a bird.

Presentación del Libro “Hereditas, Diversitas Et Variatio”. Monocomentario a una Diversitas.

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Efraim Otero Ruiz

2007-12-01

Quizás el especioso título en latín pudiera reemplazarse por el de “Cuatro biografías”, verdadera tétrada en que los personajes son cuatro culturas o circunstancias evolutivas de la ciencia en nuestro medio: una, la de una etnia y una nosología precolombinas ejemplificadas en las conmovedoras cerámicas de Tumaco-La Tolita; otra, la del neo-iluminismo traducido en la obra de Caldas, a su vez receptora y transmisora de Mutis y de Humboldt; una tercera, dedicada a nuestros académicos de final del siglo XIX y sus discusiones sobre enfermedad y herencia; y una cuarta, que además de lo realizado en el país nos trae el encomiable ejemplo de la Expedición Humana, último de los recorridos en “una Colombia que fue y que no volveremos a ver” (como lo ha dicho este prologuista en uno de sus comentarios académicos y de la cual los autores fueron gestores y expedicionarios ilustres...

Algunas plantas leñosas del Trapecio Amazónico Colombiano

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Dugand Armando

1956-09-01

Full Text Available La lista de plantas que compone este breve artículo fue confeccionada extrayendo los datos respectivos de la obra "Woods of Northeastern Peru" de Llewelyn Williams, publicada en FIELD MUSEUMOF NATURAL, HISTORY,BOTANICALSERIES, Vol. 15, pp. 1-509; 1936. En dicha obra el señor Williams cataloga -entre muchas otras de distintas regiones de la Amazonia peruana-- un buen numero de plantas leñosas coleccionadas por él en la hacienda "La Victoria", muy cerca de Leticia, haciéndolas figurar como del Perú. Esto se debe a que en la época que Williams visito aquella región hoy colombiana -a mediados de 1929- no se había perfeccionado todavía, o mejor dicho, no se había puesto en práctica (aunque ya estaba promulgado solemnemente el tratado de fronteras entre Colombia y el Perú que puso fin al litigio que estos dos países sostuvieron por más de un siglo sobre una gran parte del territorio selvoso que se extiende entre los ríos Caquetá y Amazonas. Digo que no se había puesto en practica dicho tratado porque, si bien se firmó el 24 de marzo de 1922 y se promulgo el 31 de marzo de 1938, sólo vino a ejecutarse in situ el 17 de agosto de 1930, después de localizada y amojonada la frontera, mediante la formalidad del acto de entrega y de recibo de los territorios que les tocó definitivamente a un país y al otro. Fue, pues, un año después de la visita de Williams a dicha región cuando la bandera y las autoridades colombianas reemplazaron efectivamente a las peruanas en el llamado "Trapecio Amazónico", cuya población principal es Leticia, sobre el rio Amazonas.

Morpho structural interpretation with SRTM data for helping the oil exploration: an example of Amazonas-Brazil sedimentary basin; Interpretacao morfoestrutural com dados SRTM no auxilio a exploracao petrolifera: um exemplo na bacia sedimentar do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida-Filho, Raimundo; Ibanez, Delano M. [INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil)], E-mails: rai@ltid.inpe.br, dmi77@uol.com.br; Miranda, Fernando P. de [Petrobras-CENPES, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], E-mail: fmiranda@petrobras.com.br

2010-01-15

The availability of digital elevation models produced by the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) opened new possibilities for studies of geological remote sensing in the Amazonia, since these models enhance subtle details of the terrain and drainage system, usually masked in conventional orbital images. Using as a case study an area located in the Amazonas sedimentary basin, this article discusses an approach to use these data as an aid to oil exploration in that region. The analysis of the drainage network automatically extracted from that product, combined with altitude information provided by the digital elevation model, revealed a number of drainage anomalies, which may indicate surface expression of buried geological features. One of these drainage anomalies is located exactly within the limits of the Azulao Gas Field, and may correspond to the surface expression of the hydrocarbon trapping structures in that area. The methodological approach discussed in this study can be replicated elsewhere in the Amazonas and Solimoes sedimentary basins, which together comprise about 1,000,000 km{sup 2} covered by rainforest. (author)

Lymnaea columella: two new Brazilian localities in the states of Amazonas and Bahia

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W. Lobato Paraense

1986-03-01

Full Text Available The occurrence of Lymnaea columella is recorded in Tefé, Amazonas state, where it was found together with Drepanotrema anatinum, Physa marmorata and pomacea sp. L. columella was also collected in Salvador, Bahia state, at the dique do Tororó, an urban lake formely mentioned (as "lac Baril" by Moricand (1853 as a breeding-place of Biomphalaria glabrata, Drepanotrema cimex, D. depressissimum, Pomacea lineata, P. decussata and Ancylus moricandi. The four first-mentioned species, as well as physa cubensis and Hemisinus brasiliensis, were also collected now. This is the first record of a lymnaeid in the Northeastern region of Brazil.É registrada a ocorrência de Lymnaea columella em Tefé, Estado do Amazonas, onde foi encontrada juntamente com Physa marmorata e Pomacea sp. L. columella foi também coletada em Salvador, Estado da Bahia, no Dique do Tororó, lago urbano antes mencionado por Moricand (1853 como criadouro de Biomphalaria glabrata, Drepanotrema cimex, D. depressissimum, Pomacea lineata, P. decussata e Ancylus moricandi. As quatro primeiras espécies mencionadas, assim como Physa cubensis e Hemisinus brasiliensis, também foram agora coletadas. Este é o primeiro registro de um limneídeo na região Nordeste do Brasil

Genetic differentiation in red-bellied piranha populations (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner, 1858) from the Solimões-Amazonas River.

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Dos Santos, Carlos Henrique Dos A; de Sá Leitão, Carolina S; Paula-Silva, Maria de N; Almeida-Val, Vera Maria F

2016-06-01

Red-bellied piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) are widely caught with different intensities throughout the region of Solimões-Amazonas River by local fishermen. Thus, the management of this resource is performed in the absence of any information on its genetic stock. P. nattereri is a voracious predator and widely distributed in the Neotropical region, and it is found in other regions of American continent. However, information about genetic variability and structure of wild populations of red-bellied piranha is unavailable. Here, we describe the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-bellied piranha populations collected at different locations of Solimões-Amazonas River system. We collected 234 red-bellied piranhas and analyzed throughout eight microsatellite markers. We identified high genetic diversity within populations, although the populations of lakes ANA, ARA, and MAR have shown some decrease in their genetic variability, indicating overfishing at these communities. Was identified the existence of two biological populations when the analysis was taken altogether at the lakes of Solimões-Amazonas River system, with significant genetic differentiation between them. The red-bellied piranha populations presented limited gene flow between two groups of populations, which were explained by geographical distance between these lakes. However, high level of gene flow was observed between the lakes within of the biological populations. We have identified high divergence between the Catalão subpopulation and all other subpopulations. We suggest the creation of sustainable reserve for lakes near the city of Manaus to better manage and protect this species, whose populations suffer from both extractive and sport fishing.

Diferencias étnicas y de aculturación en el consumo de alimentos en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

OpenAIRE

Schnettler, Berta; Huaiquiñir, Valeska; Mora, Marcos; Miranda, Horacio; Sepúlveda, José; Denegri, Marianela

2009-01-01

Con el objetivo de detectar diferencias en los hábitos de consumo y gasto en alimentos según la etnia del consumidor y grado de aculturación en personas mapuche, se aplicó una encuesta personal a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada por etnia con afijación simple, en cuatro comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile. En los resultados empíricos fue posible evidenciar que los hábitos de consumo de los grupos de alimentos que contemplan las Encuestas de Presupuestos Familiares ...

Contenido nutricional, digestibilidad y rendimiento de biomasa de pastos nativos que predominan en las cuencas ganaderas de Molinopampa, Pomacochas y Leymebamba, Amazonas, Perú

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Manuel Oliva

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación consistió en analizar el contenido nutricional, digestibilidad in vitro y el rendimiento de biomasa de las especies y según los ganaderos son las especies de pastos nativos más importantes que predominan en las tres principales cuencas ganaderas del departamento de Amazonas: Molinopampa, Pomacochas y Leymebamba. Se muestrearon al azar, seis áreas de 0,25 m2 por tratamiento cada 60 días durante tres brotes. Las muestras obtenidas fueron mezcladas y pesadas por separado, para luego extraer una alícuota homogénea y representativa de 1 kg por especie, para ser deshidrato en una estufa a 60 °C por 48 horas, las mismas fueron sometidas a un análisis proximal. Con los valores obtenidos de cada uno de los parámetros de evaluación y luego de ser multiplicados con sus respectivos valores ponderados se calculó el valor acumulativo final siendo los resultados las siguientes Trifolium repens L (35,9, Philoglossa mimuloides-Siso menudo (35,3, Cenchrus clandestinus (32,8, Trifolium dubium (32,5 y Philoglossa mimuloides-Siso lapacho (31,3. Los valores significan la importancia acumulativa de cada especie.

Predation of Apiomerus pilipes (Fabricius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Apiomerini over Meliponinae bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Alexandre Coletto da Silva

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The present work shows the occurrence of an intense predatory activity on adults working Meliponinae bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, by Apiomerus pilipes (Fabricius, 1787 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Apiomerini at a meliponary in the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil.O presente trabalho registra a ocorrência de intensa atividade predatória de Apiomerus pilipes (Fabricius, 1787 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorini, Apiomerini sobre operárias adultas de meliponíneos (Hymenoptera, Apidae, no meliponário experimental do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. O meliponário se encontra num fragmento de vegetação secundária no próprio INPA.

Luces y sombras de la amazona de cómic Wonder Woman, la mujer maravilla = Lights and shadows of the comic Wonderwoman

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M.ª Inmaculada Concepción Marfil Díaz

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La mujer constituye una parte determinante que sustenta el tejido social de todas las culturas y, sin embargo, no ha sido protagonista principal en el mundo del cómic de superhéroes. Pero hay excepciones, como Wonder Woman, la Mujer Maravilla. ¿Qué sucede con este personaje que forma trinidad con Batman y Superman sin apenas resonancia en el universo del cómic? ¿Qué relación existe entre el mito y el cómic? ¿Quién crea esta superheroina? Este trabajo es una aproximación al mito de las amazonas junto a la evolución de este personaje de cómic norteamericano.Even though women are crucial to the sustainability of the social fabric in every culture, they have not been the main protagonists in the world of Comic Superheroes. There are, of course, exceptions such as Wonder Woman but, who is this character that, in spite of forming a trinity with Batman and Superman, has hardly had any relevance in the universe of Comics? What is the relationship between the myth and the comic? Who created this Superheroine? This work intends to shed a light on the myth of the Amazons as well as on the evolution of this American comic character.

Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from the state of Amazonas, in Brazil, and screening against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae

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Joelma Soares-da-Silva

2015-03-01

Full Text Available We investigated the use of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated in the state of Amazonas, in Brazil, for the biological control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. From 25 soil samples collected in nine municipalities, 484 bacterial colonies were obtained, 57 (11.78% of which were identified as B. thuringiensis. Six isolates, IBt-03, IBt-06, IBt-07, IBt-28, IBt-30, and BtAM-27 showed insecticidal activity, and only BtAM-27 presents the five genes investigated cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry10Aa, cry11Aa, and cry11Ba. The IBt-07 and IBt- 28, with lower LC50 values, showed equal toxicity compared to the standards. The isolates of B. thuringiensis from Amazonas constitute potential new means of biological control for A. aegypti, because of their larvicidal activity and the possibility that they may also contain new combinations of toxins.

Una mirada sobre el feminismo del Funk carioca

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Hugo Alexander Buitrago Carvajal

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El presente texto analiza las condiciones sociales en las que  algunas cantantes de funk carioca  de los  últimos diez  años  se autoproclamaron feministas. Busca  caracterizar y problematizar las manifestaciones contemporáneas del feminismo en  las cantantes populares de funk  a través de una  indagación histórico hermenéutica. Para ello se realiza  una  contex- tualización histórica del funk  y una  revisión de las letras de algunos de los cantantes y las cantantes con  más  reconocimiento en  el género.  Así, se expone la propuesta de liberación sexual  y erotización del cuerpo femenino para confrontarla con la discusión desarrollada en blogs digitales sobre  la alienación de la mujer  que se supone conlleva el funk.  A partir de la confrontación con el feminismo de tercera ola se propone al funk como reafirmación de géne- ro, de clase baja y de etnia negra  que se consolida como  manifestación cultural feminista de las mujeres de favela. Ello, acompañado de un proceso de normalización e incorporación de este género musical a los valores  estándar, lo cual convierte el funk  en un discurso portador de postulados contradictorios.

Comportamiento reproductivo en las etnias de Antioquia-Colombia Reproductive behavior of ethnic groups in Antioquia, Colombia

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María Mercedes Arias-Valencia

2001-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Caracterizar el calendario, la intensidad y el ritmo reproductivos en dos etnias: los Embera en los subgrupos Eyabida, Dobida y Chamibida, y los Zenúes. Material y métodos. Es un estudio sociodemográfico comparativo con la técnica de historia reproductiva. En una muestra no aleatoria, estratificada por etnia, se hacen comparaciones intra e interétnicas entre 1996 y 1997, en el Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Las pruebas estadísticas aplicadas para muestras independientes, utilizando el procesador Epi-Info fueron t de Student para la diferencia de promedios y ji cuadrada para diferencia de proporciones. Resultados. El comportamiento reproductivo se caracteriza por una entrada a la unión entre los 14.6 y los 15.8 años; con intervalos de 1 a 1.3 años antes de la primera gestación, seguida por intervalos intergenésicos cortos entre 48% y 73.3% con presión reproductiva mayor de 50% durante la edad fértil y ritmo acelerado entre los 30 y los 34 años con tasas de fecundidad hasta 10.5 hijos, excepto las chamibida con 3.9. Conclusiones. Las políticas sobre salud reproductiva actuales están lejos de ser apropiadas, en tanto desconocen la especificidad de estos grupos étnicos. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlObjective. To identify the reproductive timing, intensity, and rhythm of the Embera, (Eyabida, Dobida, and Chamibida subgroups and Zenues ethnic groups. Material and Methods. A sociodemographic study was conducted during 1996-1997 in Antioquia, Colombia, on a non-random population sample, stratified by ethnic group, to compare reproductive behaviors within and between these ethnic groups. Statistical analysis for independent samples was conducted using the software program Epi-Info. Analysis included the Student's t test for difference of means, and the chi-squared test for difference of proportions. Results. Reproductive behavior was characterized

Y llegaron los dragones: dragas y drogas sobre el río Caquetá (Inspección del Metá, finca “El Refugio”

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Luis Angel Trujillo Bonelo

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Este texto relata la historia de la llegada de la minería de aluvión a la región del Medio Caquetá (Amazonia Colombiana. Es narrado desde la experiencia de uno de los líderes de la comunidad multiétnica del Quinché-Metá, que agrupaba indígenas de varias etnias y colonos que buscaban organizarse como un resguardo multiétnico a inicios del siglo XXI. El texto comienza con la narración de ese proceso organizativo y los avances que habían logrado. Luego se cuenta cómo la llegada de las primeras balsas mineras, junto con guerrilleros y narcotraficantes, comienza a erosionar rápidamente todo el proceso y se van escalando los atropellos y muertes. El texto también cuenta sobre otras experiencias con la minería en el río Taraira. Concluye con la “reconquista” del ejército de la zona y cómo diez años después, en 2012, de nuevo han vuelto a ingresar balsas mineras en el río Caquetá. 

Los habitantes del mundo sub-acuático. Ritual y mítica Murui Iye Fia Rafue

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Marín Silva Pedro Tulio

2006-06-01

Full Text Available El evento de pesca colectiva Iye Fia Rafue o barbasqueada entre los Uitoto del Departamento del Amazonas presenta valiosa información sobre su mundo simbólico, su noción de intercambio y reciprocidad y, su concepto de ecología y trabajo comunitario. El presente artículo describe la puesta en escena del rito "la fiesta de los peces" en el que la comunión íntima con la naturaleza y, en especial con el mundo acuático como fuente de vida, purificación y centro de regeneración, se hace visible en un conglomerado de correspondencias que involucran todo su universo simbólico. Se proporcionan datos lingüísticos sobre  morfología y clasificadores propios del léxico relacionado con la fauna y flora acuática, lo que nos proporciona información prodigiosa sobre la capacidad descriptiva y el potencial semántico de ésta lengua amazónica.

Los habitantes del mundo sub-acuático. Ritual y mítica Murui Iye Fia Rafue

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Pedro Marín S

2006-06-01

Full Text Available El evento de pesca colectiva Iye Fia Rafue o barbasqueada entre los Uitoto del Departamento del Amazonas presenta valiosa información sobre su mundo simbólico, su noción de intercambio y reciprocidad y, su concepto de ecología y trabajo comunitario. El presente artículo describe la puesta en escena del rito “la fiesta de los peces” en el que la comunión íntima con la naturaleza y, en especial con el mundo acuático como fuente de vida, purificación y centro de regeneración, se hace visible en un conglomerado de correspondencias que involucran todo su universo simbólico. Se proporcionan datos lingüísticos sobre morfología y clasificadores propios del léxico relacionado con la fauna y flora acuática, lo que nos proporciona información prodigiosa sobre la capacidad descriptiva y el potencial semántico de ésta lengua amazónica.

The construction of environmental governance in the RDS Igapó-Açu (Amazonas, Brazil: organization, complexity and interdependence

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Marília Gabriela Rezende

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The main objective of the present text is to analyze environmental governance in the Sustainable Development Reserve Igapó-Açu, located in the municipalities of Manicoré, Borba and Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The study area was chosen because the RDS is the only Amazonas state protected area crossed by a federal interstate highway. This highway provides a specific territorial arrangement of governance elements in the studied area. Different methodological tools were used in this research, such as close-ended questionnaires and open-ended interviews. Data were systematized using Excel software and they were graphically represented in the form of organizational charts drawn with Websphere Analysis Software. Results indicate that environmental governance of the RDS Igapó-Açu involves multiple factors, while the central node of the local political articulation is held by a Management Council that is in charge of materializing the governability of the RDSt, as well as its ramifications.

Simulium (Psaroniocompsa tergospinosum new species (Diptera: Simuliidae in siolii group from the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Neusa Hamada

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The larva, pupa, male and female of Simulium tergospinosum n. sp. are described and illustrated. The adults of this new species share many characters with species in the subgenus Psaroniocompsa, where it is placed. The larva of this species bears dorsal and lateral triangular tubercles on the abdomen and multiply branched scale-like setae on the body, suggesting that it belongs to the S. siolii species group. S. tergospinosum n.sp. was collected along the Juma River, Apuí county, in the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The Juma, a black-water river, is a tributary of the Aripuanã River in the Madeira River hydrographic basin, on the southern part of Amazonas. Females were collected biting humans along the water courses during the sampling period (in the dry season.

Hymenoptera stings in Brazil: a neglected health threat in Amazonas State

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Allyson Guimarães Costa

Full Text Available Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hymenoptera injuries are commonly caused by stinging insects. In Amazonas state, Brazil, there is no information regarding distribution, profile, and systemic manifestations associated with Hymenoptera injuries. METHODS: This study aimed to identify risk factors for systemic manifestation using the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (2007 to 2015. RESULTS: Half of Hymenoptera injuries were caused by bee stings. Hymenoptera injuries were concentrated in Manaus, and 13.36% of cases displayed systemic signs. Delayed medical assistance (4 to 12 hours presented four times more risk for systemic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Simple clinical observations and history of injury are critical information for prognostic improvement.

Two new Eimeria species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the yellow-crowned Amazon Amazona ochrocephala (Aves: Psittacidae) in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Hofstatter, P G; Kawazoe, U

2011-06-01

In this study, we describe 2 new species of Eimeria associated with the yellow-crowned Amazon Amazona ochrocephala. Eimeria amazonae n. sp. has bilayered, ellipsoidal, and smooth oocysts that measure 48.9 × 36.2 µm; the length/width ratio is 1.35. The micropyle and oocyst residuum are both absent, but the polar granule is present. Ovoidal sporocysts are 22.2 × 11.9 µm. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies and sporocyst residuum are present. The 2 elongate sporozoites are curved and measure 18.1 × 3.4 µm; both have 2 refractile bodies. Eimeria ochrocephalae n. sp. has bilayered, ellipsoidal, and smooth oocysts that measure 43.8 × 27.7 µm; the length/width ratio is 1.58. The micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but the polar granule is present; ovoidal sporocysts are 20.6 × 10.1 µm. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies and sporocyst residuum are present; 2 elongate and curved sporozoites are 15.8 × 3.4 µm, each of which has 2 refractile bodies.

Hábitat de anidación de Amazona oratrix (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae en el Pacífico Central, México

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Tiberio C. Monterrubio-Rico

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Los requerimientos de anidación del loro cabeza-amarilla (Amazona oratrix son poco conocidos a pesar de su amplia distribución histórica, la alta demanda como mascota y estar en peligro de extinción. Esta información es necesaria para diseñar acciones específicas de restauración y conservación. Durante diez años estudiamos la ecología de anidación del loro en Michoacán, México. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron en escala local las especies de árboles-nido, sus dimensiones y posición geográfica, dieta y estructura de parches de bosque; y a mayor escala el uso de la vegetación y las variables climáticas asociadas a la distribución de árboles-nido, obtenidas con un modelo de nicho ecológico utilizando Maxent. También evaluamos la tolerancia del loro al manejo de la tierra, y comparamos los árboles-nido encontrados, con 18 árboles-nido de Tamaulipas (Golfo de México, estudiados en los ochentas en un rancho privado intensamente manejado. Los loros anidaron en árboles altos en cavidades del dosel, registramos 92 árboles-nido en 11 especies de árboles, pero el 72.8% se presentó en Astronium graveolens y Enterolobium cyclocarpum que califican como árboles clave. Los bosques de anidación presentan 54 especies de árboles como máximo, y 50% sirven como alimento, también las zonas presentan alta abundancia de árboles dieta. La menor riqueza de árboles y de árboles dieta se presentó en un rancho ganadero, mientras que las áreas en regeneración natural presentaron mayor riqueza. La altura de la entrada de la cavidad en los árboles-nido del Pacífico fue mayor que en los del Golfo de México. Hipotetizamos que las diferencias se deben al comportamiento del loro, adaptado a la presión diferencial de saqueo de nidos y disponibilidad de cavidades. Los árboles-nido se encontraron en seis tipos de vegetación, pero el loro prefirió el bosque tropical subcaducifolio conservado, y ribereño, anidó menos en bosque

Características morfométricas, genéticas, alimenticias y vectoriales de Panstrongylus herreri procedentes de Jaén (Cajamarca y Cajaruro (Amazonas, Perú

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Jenny Ancca

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar las características morfológicas, alimenticias y genéticas de dos poblaciones de Panstrongylus herreri, de los distritos de Jaén (Cajamarca y Cajaruro (Amazonas. Materiales y métodos. Se colectó especímenes adultos de P. herreri, 42 (Jaén y 68 (Cajaruro. Se utilizó la morfometría geométrica para evaluar el dimorfismo sexual de tamaño y conformación. El perfil genómico se realizó por amplificación del espaciador interno transcrito del ADNr (ITS-2. La amplificación del espaciador intergénico del gen mini-exón, permitió la caracterización molecular de los trypanosomas aislados. Se utilizó la prueba de precipitina para conocer las fuentes de alimentación de los vectores y así poder asociarlos a posibles reservorios del parásito. Resultados. El análisis morfométrico demostró que el dimorfismo sexual de tamaño fue similar (p>0,05; no ocurrió lo mismo con el dimorfismo de la conformación; asimismo no se encontró diferencias de tamaño al comparar por separado hembras y machos de Jaén y Cajaruro. Por ITS-2, se evaluó cinco especímenes de cada distrito, en ellos se observó una banda de 960 pb aproximadamente. Sólo en Cajaruro se encontraron triatominos parasitados, que fue caracterizado como Trypanosoma cruzi TCI (350 pb. Se identificó al cobayo como la fuente de alimento más frecuente. Conclusiones. Ambas poblaciones de P. herreri por morfometría geométrica e ITS-2, no evidenció diferencias, indicando que se trataría de una misma población y por consiguiente de la misma procedencia. La sangre de cobayo fue la más frecuente fuente de alimento, pudiendo ser el principal reservorio para la enfermedad de Chagas en esta zona del Perú.

Health and Reproductive Assessment of Selected Puerto Rican Parrots ( Amazona vittata ) in Captivity.

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Clubb, Susan; Velez, Jafet; Garner, Michael M; Zaias, Julia; Cray, Carolyn

2015-12-01

The Puerto Rican parrot ( Amazona vittata ) has become an iconic and high-profile conservation species. The cornerstone of the recovery plan for this critically endangered species is an active captive breeding program, management of the wild population, and a long-term reintroduction program. In 2002, 40 adult Puerto Rican parrots that had not produced viable offspring were selected for reproductive assessment at 2 aviary populations in Puerto Rico (Iguaca and Río Abajo), which are the only sources of parrots for release. The goal was to enhance reproductive potential and produce productive pairings in an attempt to augment the population growth and provide ample individuals for reintroduction. Seven Hispanolian Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) that were used as surrogate parents for the Puerto Rican parrots were also included in the study. This assessment included physical examination, endoscopic evaluation, hematologic and plasma biochemical profiles, viral screening, and hormonal assays. Results of general physical examination and hematologic and plasma biochemical testing revealed overall good health and condition of this subset of the population of Puerto Rican parrots; no major infectious diseases were found. Endoscopic examination also revealed overall good health and condition, especially of females. The apparent low fertility of male birds warrants further investigation. The findings helped to define causes of reproductive failure in the selected pairs and individual birds. New pairings resulting from the assessment helped to augment reproduction of this critically endangered species.

Diversidad y variación estacional de peces en la cuenca baja del río Nanay, Perú

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Ericka Correa

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo informa sobre la diversidad de peces en la cuenca baja del rio Nanay, tributario del río Amazonas. Esta zona está sometida a la extracción indiscriminada de peces con usos ornamentales y de consumo directo. Utilizando redes de arrastre (10 x 2,5 m, 5 mm de luz de malla, se realizaron capturas en época de vaciante (agosto y setiembre de 2007 y creciente (febrero de 2008, en tres lugares del rio Nanay. Se colectaron 1626 individuos, correspondientes a 86 especies, de 23 familias y cinco órdenes. El número de especies vario entre 13 y 21 en época de vaciante y entre 18 y 26 especies en época de creciente. Predominaron los Characiformes, Siluriformes y Perciformes. El 76% de los individuos con tamaños menores de 10 cm. El 65% de las especies registradas tienen uso ornamental.

Factores asociados al maltrato del adulto mayor de Antioquia, 2012

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Sara M. Cano

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados al maltrato del adulto mayor del departamento de Antioquia en el año 2012. Metodología: mediante estudio descriptivo transversal, se caracterizaron los factores demográficos, económicos y de salud mental de la población adulta mayor de Antioquia para el año 2012, con el fin de aportar al análisis de la situación de salud y condiciones de vida del adulto mayor. El estudio se basó en los resultados del instrumento aplicado por la Universidad ces a 4.215 adultos de sesenta años y más de edad, en el cual se indagó sobre percepción de maltrato, funcionamiento cognitivo, nivel de depresión, nivel de ansiedad, apoyo social, escala de recursos sociales, entre otras; los resultados se expandieron a 654.473 adultos del departamento. Resultados: el 72,8% de adultos del departamento son mujeres, 53,7% vive en Medellín, 55% tiene primaria incompleta, 72,9% pertenece a estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, 45,1% no registraron ingresos en el último mes, 26,3% tiene riesgo de depresión y 34,4% tiene riesgo de ansiedad, 2,5% reportó haber sufrido descuido, 5,0% necesidades afectivas ignoradas, 1,7% algún caso de agresión física, 0,4% agresión sexual y 1,3%, afirmó haber sufrido maltrato económico. Las variables estrato socioeconómico, tipo de vivienda, etnia, riesgo de depresión, riesgo de ansiedad, riesgo de deterioro cognitivo y red de apoyo fueron las que más ayudaron a explicar la presencia de maltrato. Conclusión: enfrentar este problema requiere de una atención integral a las necesidades de los adultos mayores, participación de todos los sectores de la sociedad y conciencia transgeneracional.

ENSAYO ACERCA DE LA SUPERVIVENCIA O NO DEL CULTO A LOS MUERTOS PREHISPÁNICO EN EL MÉXICO ACTUAL

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Akira Casillas De La Vega

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Examen acerca de la importancia de la celebración del día de muertos en el México actual. Se plantea el problema de su posible pervivencia desde los tiempos prehispánicos o no, de acuerdo con las posturas científicas contemporáneas. Para este fin, se analiza brevemente el contexto en elque presuntamente se originó el culto a los muertos en el México actual: los dos últimos tercios del siglo XVI, posteriormente a la conquista del territorio mesoamericano por los españoles. El objetivo del ensayo consiste, pues, en dotar a dicho fenómeno cultural de un significado más ajustado a la realidad (históricamente construido y menos aproximado a la retórica de las“políticas en turno”; en hacer notar su importancia para la Nación mexicana, y las ciencias sociales de la actualidad, como fuente para el conocimiento de formas de vida pasadas. Se llama la atención acerca de la necesidad de realizar estudios transdisciplinarios, en regiones y etnias específicos, según su evolución a lo largo de los siglos. Para, entonces, obtener una mejor perspectiva de cómo pudieron haber sido las sociedades prehispánicas.

GEOMORFOLOGÍA Y ESTRATIGRAFÍA DE LAS FORMACIONES CUATERNARIAS EN LA REGIÓN DEL TRAPECIO AMAZÓNICO COLOMBIANO

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ALEXIS JARAMILLO JUSTINICO

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En la región del trapecio amazónico de Colombia, las secuencias sedimentarias recientes (neo formación dependen en su forma y en su estabilidad del ciclo anual de inundación del río Amazonas. Entre los materiales sedimentarios no afectados por el ciclo actual del río se reconoce a la terraza de Leticia-Tabatinga, de edad estimada entre 8000 y 10000 años A.P., aunque es posible que su modelado se generara en el tardiglaciar (14.000 años AP.. Sus sedimentos están recubiertos por la Formación Iça y es la más alta de las unidades geológicas que aún conservan su morfología plana original. Otros materiales sedimentados se han acumulado como depósitos de canal asociado a drenajes sobre la terraza, con una edad aproximada de alrededor de 8.600 años A.P. Los lagos asociados con cananguchales (palmares dominados por Mauritia flexuosa se reconocen sobre la terraza de Leticia y se encuentran en las áreas donde se observa erosión diferencial, fenómeno que es relativamente reciente de hace aproximadamente 530 años A.P. Entre las unidades geológicas vinculadas con las zonas inundadas por el ciclo anual del río Amazonas, figuran los sistemas lacustres de Zapatero y Yahuarcaca cuya formación se estima entre 240 años A.P. y 150 años A.P., se hallan cercadas por la terraza aluvial La Milagrosa de edad estimada en 131 años A.P., que es cubierta por el agua en épocas de niveles altos de lluvias. También se reconocen geoformas (neoformación de sistemas aluviales meándricos, como barras de arena, canales, canales de drenaje que conectan un río con otro, o un río a un lago o dos trazos de un río. Las geoformas y los materiales de neoformación son jóvenes y tienen demasiada evolución debido al modelado permanente del paisaje que está directamente relacionada con alteraciones procedentes de la intervención humana (cambio climático que influyen directamente en las dinámicas fluviales en el territorio.

Descripción histológica del ojo de Panaque nigrolineatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) y sus implicaciones ecomorfológicas Histological structure of the eye of Panaque nigrolineatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), ecomorphological implications

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SHERYLL CORCHUELO; MARIA L CALDAS; RENATO PEÑA; HERNÁN HURTADO; MARIO O TOVAR

2012-01-01

La cucha real (Panaque nigrolineatus) es endémica de las cuencas del Orinoco y Amazonas. La información relacionada con el sistema visual de esta especie es muy escasa, a pesar de ser un sentido fundamental en la interacción del individuo con su ambiente. Los especímenes se clasificaron en dos grupos en base a su tamano corporal: pequenos (longitud estándar (media ± DE) de 5.92 ± 1.43 cm y peso promedio de 8.50 ± 6.8 g) y grandes (longitud estándar (media ± DE) de 15.9 ± 0.69 cm y peso promed...

Curvas de car?ncias nutricionais em adultos quilombolas de ?reas ribeirinhas do baixo Amazonas

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Silva, Lu?sa Margareth Carneiro da

2013-01-01

INTRODU??O: A Pol?tica Nacional de Alimenta??o e Nutri??o 2012 assegura: A alimenta??o e nutri??o constituem requisitos b?sicos para a promo??o e a prote??o da sa?de, possibilitando a afirma??o plena do potencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento humano, com qualidade de vida e cidadania . OBJETIVO: Elaborar curvas de car?ncias nutricionais atrav?s da investiga??o das tend?ncias de consumo, padr?o alimentar e nutricional de adultos quilombolas de ?reas ribeirinhas do Baixo Amazonas no Munic?p...

Ensayo Acerca de la Supervivencia o no del Culto a los Muertos Prehispánico en el México Actual

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Akira Gustavo Casillas de la Vega

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Examen acerca de la importancia de la celebración del día de muertos en el México actual. Se plantea el problema de su posible pervivencia desde los tiempos prehispánicos o no, de acuerdo con las posturas científicas contemporáneas. Para este fin, se analiza brevemente el contexto en el que presuntamente se originó el culto a los muertos en el México actual: los dos últimos tercios del siglo XVI, posteriormente a la conquista del territorio mesoamericano por los españoles. El objetivo del ensayo consiste, pues, en dotar a dicho fenómeno cultural de un significado más ajustado a la realidad (históricamente construido y menos aproximado a la retórica de las “políticas en turno”; en hacer notar su importancia para la Nación mexicana, y las ciencias sociales de la actualidad, como fuente para el conocimiento de formas de vida pasadas. Se llama la atención acerca de la necesidad de realizar estudios transdisciplinarios, en regiones y etnias específicos, según su evolución a lo largo de los siglos. Para, entonces, obtener una mejor perspectiva de cómo pudieron haber sido las sociedades prehispánicas.

U-Pbdating on detrital zircon and Nd and Hf isotopes related to the provenance of siliciclastic rocks of the Amazon Basin: Implications for the origin of Proto-Amazonas River

Science.gov (United States)

Dantas, Elton Luiz; Silva Souza, Valmir; Nogueira, Afonso C. R.; Ventura Santos, Roberto; Poitrasson, Franck; Vieira Cruz, Lucieth; Mendes Conceição, Anderson

2014-05-01

Previous provenance studies along the Amazonas river have demonstrated that the Amazon drainage basin has been reorganized since the Late Cretaceous with the uplift of the Andes and the establishment of the transcontinental Amazon fluvial system from Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene (Hoorn et al., 1995; Potter, 1997, Wesselingh et al., 2002; Figueiredo et al. 2009, Campbell et al., 2006, Nogueira et al. 2013).There is a lack of data from Eastern and Central Amazonia and only limited core data from the Continental Platform near to current Amazonas river mouth. Central Amazonia is strategic to unveil the origin of Amazonas River because it represents the region where the connection of the Solimões and Amazonas basin can be studied through time (Nogueira et al. 2013). Also, there is a shortage of information on the old Precambrian and Paleozoic sediment sources relative to Cretaceous and Miocene siliciclastic deposits of the Solimões and Amazonas basins. We collected stratigraphic data, detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Nd and Hf isotopes from Precambrian, Paleozoic, Cretaceous and Miocene siliciclastic deposits of the Northwestern border of Amazonas Basin. They are exposed in the Presidente Figueiredo region and in the scarps of Amazon River, and occur to the east of the Purus Arch. This Northwest-Southeast trending structural feature that divides the Solimões and Amazonas basin was active at various times since the Paleozoic. Detrital zircon ages for the Neoproterozoic Prosperança Formation yielded a complex signature, with different populations of Neoproterozoic (550, 630 and 800 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic to Archean sources (1.6, 2.1 and 2.6 Ga). Also Nd and Hf isotopes show two groups of TDM model ages between 1.4 to 1.53 Ga and 2.2 and 3.1 Ga. Sediments typical of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Nhamundá and Manacapuru Formations revealed NdTDM model ages of 1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 Ga, but Hf isotopes and U-Pb zircon ages are more varied. They characterize a

CHLOROCOCCALES DE LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA I: Chlorellaceae y Scenedesmaceae

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ECHENIQUE RICARDO O.

2004-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo damos a conocer 41 taxones pertenecientes a las familias Chlorellaceaey Scenedesmaceae del orden Chlorococcales (Algae, Cholophyceae hallados entres cuencas de la Amazonia colombiana: Amazonas (Solimões, Putumayo (Içã yCaquetá (Japurá. Del total encontrado, 19 son nuevas citas para Colombia, nueveson nuevos registros para la cuenca en estudio y se propone una nueva entidadtaxonómica Tetraedron triangulare f. major Echenique nova forma. La mayor riquezase encontró en los lagos de inundación del río Amazonas, en particular en el lagoYahuarcaca que presenta amplio desarrollo de macrófitos y los mayores nivelestróficos de la región.

Mortality by suicide: a focus on municipalities with a high proportion of self-reported indigenous people in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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Jesem Douglas Yamall Orellana

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: To analyze mortality rates and to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of suicides recorded in the state of Amazonas. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study has been carried out with emphasis on municipalities, which have shown, simultaneously, a high mortality rates and a high proportion of self-reported indigenous population, based on 2005 - 2009 data as provided by the Informatics Department of the Unified National Health System. Results: Among the general population of the state of Amazonas, the mortality rate, by suicide, of 4.2/100.000 inhabitants has been reported, similar to that of Manaus (4.6/100.000 inhabitants. In contrast, at Tabatinga (25.2/100.000 inhabitants, at São Gabriel da Cachoeira (27.6/100.000 inhabitants and at Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (36.4/100.000 inhabitants, municipalities, where the proportion of self-reported indigenous population is high, besides the taxes being notably higher, it was observed that most of the suicides has occurred among men; among young men aged between 15 - 24 years; at home; by hanging; during "weekend" and among the indigenous population. Discussion: Our findings have unveiled that suicide comes forth as a serious public health issue in some municipalities in the state of Amazonas, further indicating that the event occurs within very specific contexts, and that the dimension and the magnitude of the problem can be even more serious among populations or in territories exclusively inhabited by indigenous people.

The unsustainability of the implantation of the 'Luz para todos' programme in the Amazonas state; A (in)sustentabilidade da implantacao do programa Luz para Todos no estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavalcante, Andreia Santos; Cartaxo, Elizabeth Ferreira [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This article brings to discuss the policy of universalization of the supply of electrical energy 'Luz para todos' showing the significance of this proposal of the government, in a short time, bring electricity to more than 10 million people who still live in the darkness. It features the efficiency of this action of the government from the reality experienced in the context Amazon, which show a framework for various characteristics and natural, cultural and focused on the issue geospatial. This involves understanding the multitude of climates and geographical characteristics, cultural and social constitute major obstacles for the implementation of policies homogeneous, demonstrating that the potential for development of each region has different dynamics, which should influence in the formulation of policies. While electricity is essential for the economic progress of a country, the expansion of its services to society must be viewed with great discretion, in order to prevent the exploitation and consumption exacerbated of natural resources and waste of energy. With this reading, the work he proposes to show the inconsistencies of the program in the state of Amazonas, on presentation of data from the Companhia Energetica do Amazonas (CEAM), showing thus obstacles to the achievement of the goals outlined in the State. Considering the environmental importance that the Amazon represents for Brazil and for the world, emerges is the need for a differentiated look for the region, taking into account their unique reality. It is believed that is the acceptance of their characteristics that we can really promote a development that is sustainable for the Amazon. (author)

Aspectos biodemográficos de grupos étnicos Macro-Pano de Bolivia y caracterización genética de las poblaciones Aymará, Quechua, Chimane y Mosetén

OpenAIRE

Bert i Fibla, Francesc

2011-01-01

[spa] La tesis trata de definir algunos aspectos de la situación demográfica y describir la genética poblacional a partir del estudio de haplogrupos del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt), secuenciación de la región de control d-loop del ADNmt (HVRI), de microsatélites autosómicos, short tandem repeats (STR´s) y microsatélites del cromosoma Y de un grupo de etnias asentadas en el Piedemonte del Departamento del Beni de Bolivia. Las poblaciones Mosetén y Chimane son autóctonas de la zona mientras que la...

Report about star fruit fruits damaged by Amazona albifrons Sparman, in Tabasco, Mexico.

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Saúl Sánchez-Soto

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine, the animal species causing damage to inmature fruits of Averrhoa carambola, in a home garden. The study was conducted in a home garden with two star fruit trees in Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico (18°00’10.9’’ N, 93°25’52.2’’ W. The loss of fruits was registered from June 21st to August 2nd, 2015 based on weekly evaluations. 12 637 fruits were toppled by the bird Amazona albifrons Sparman (Psitaciformes: Psittacidae, which is distributed from Mexico to Costa Rica.

La competencia por el control del espacio amazónico en el contexto de la diplomacia sudamericana, 1830-1998

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Cristián Garay Vera

2016-11-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza las tensiones por el control de la cuenca amazónica entre Brasil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, durante los siglos XIX y XX. Se exploran diferentes casos: el diferendo entre Ecuador y Perú a partir de 1830, la cuestión del Acre entre Bolivia y Brasil desde nales del siglo XIX y el incidente de Leticia entre Colombia y Perú, desde 1911. También se examinan varias redeniciones territoriales ocurridas en 1909, 1922, 1934, 1942 y 1998, completando casi un siglo de cambios en la consolidación territorial de los Estados con acceso al Amazonas. En medio de este choque de intereses, el artículo caracteriza a Brasil y Perú como actores activos, mientras que dene como reactivos a Ecuador, Colombia y Bolivia

Análisis florístico del Parque Nacional Natural Amacayucu e Isla Mocagua, Amazonas (Colombia

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Rudas L. Agustín

1998-11-01

Full Text Available A floristic study of the Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu and Isla Mocagua shows 1348 species, 574 genera and 128 families of vascular plants; 82% of the species are dicotyledons, 14% monocotyledons, 3.7% ferns and ca. 0.2% gymnosperms. Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae and Annonaceae represent 33% of the dicotyledonous species, whereas Araceae, Arecaceae and Poaceae are the main monocotyledonous families. Most families are Gondwanaland elements with sorne Laurasian elements; others are of unknown origino The main habit is represented by trees and shrubs (47% and 19% of the species, 25% are vines and herbs, 9% epiphytes and hemiepiphytes, and En un estudio florístico en cinco sectores del Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu y en la Isla Mocagua, se encontraron 1348 especies de plantas vasculares, distribuidas en 574 géneros y 128 familias; 82% de las especies corresponden a dicotiledóneas, 14% a monocotiledóneas, 3.7% a pteridófitos y ca. de 0.2% a  gimnospermas. Las principales familias fueron Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae y Annonaceae  (dicotiledóneas, y Araceae, Arecaceae y Poaceae (monocotiledóneas. La mayoría de las familias corresponde a elementos de Gondwana con algunos elementos Laurásicos y otros sin origen asignado. El mayor número de las especies tienen hábito arbóreo o arbustivo (47% y 19% respectivamente, ca. del 25% de las especies son lianas y hierbas, 9% epífitas y hemiepífitas, mientras que las parásitas y saprófitas apenas representan < 1%. Los bosques de tierra firme presentan casi el doble de especies de arbustos, hierbas y epífitos que las planicies inundables. Algunos sectores del Parque relativamente distantes entre sí presentan una gran similaridad en cuanto a composición florística, hecho que puede atribuirse principalmente al tipo de agua (blanca, negra o mixta que los irriga. Una comparación con regiones similares en el corredor pacífico, el piedemonte amaz

Diagnóstico da realidade nutricional no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. I - hipovitaminose A

OpenAIRE

ALENCAR,Fernando Hélio; CASTRO,Janete Seixas; YUYAMA,Lúcia Kioko O.; MARINHO,Helyde Albuquerque; NAGAHAMA,Dionísia

2002-01-01

Procedeu-se uma revisão de toda produção científica do Amazonas, da área da nutrição nas últimas décadas. A análise deste material, consubstanciada com as últimas pesquisas realizadas pelo grupo da Nutrição do INPA viabilizou a composição do diagnóstico da hipovitaminose A na região Amazônica. A investigação clínico-oftalmológica, envolveu 487 crianças de 2 a 5 anos, de ambos os ...

Aspectos morfológicos, citoquímicos e imunológicos da leucemia mielóide aguda no estado do Amazonas: estudo observacional em pacientes atendidos na Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - FHEMOAM

OpenAIRE

Alves, Eliana Brasil [UNIFESP

2006-01-01

Objective: The present study investigated the best laboratorial diagnosis methods to acute myeloid leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia and biphenotypic acute leukemia. We have prospective, observacional and descriptive study about 62 patients from Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - FHEMOAM, in the period of September of 2000 at June of 2003. The frequency, clinical and laboratories characteristics was analyzed. .Methods: The classification of the acute myeloid leukemia ...

[Culicidae insect fauna from rural zone in Amazonas State with incidence of sylvatic yellow fever].

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Fé, Nelson Ferreira; Barbosa Md, Maria das Graças Vale; Fé, Flávio Augusto Andrade; Guerra, Marcus Vinitius de Farias; Alecrim, Wilson Duarte

2003-01-01

After the occurrence of 14 sylvatic yellow fever cases in 10 cities in the State of Amazonas during 1996, an investigation into the presence of sylvatic yellow fever vectors was carried out. The material of larvae and adult insects was collected around residences and canopy trees within forests, using a light trap (CDC) and human bait. A total of 424 insects was collected. Thirty seven species were identified, some of which were sylvatic yellow fever vectors: Haemagogus janthinomys, Ha. leucocelaenus, Aedes fulvus.

Tuberculose na população indígena de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil Tuberculosis among the indian population in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Antônio Levino

2007-07-01

Full Text Available O estudo descreve a situação da tuberculose no Município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, no período de 1997 a 2002. Este município de população predominantemente indígena constitui uma importante noso-área da Amazônia para o problema da tuberculose, cuja magnitude se expressa por intermédio do coeficiente 2,4 vezes mais elevado que a média estadual e até quatro vezes mais que a média nacional. Análises estatísticas utilizadas para avaliar a tendência em relação à associação com a idade, o sexo e a forma clínica revelaram diferenças no comportamento da endemia, quando comparados os coeficientes de incidência entre os casos de procedência urbana e rural. As taxas padronizadas mostraram a população masculina com uma incidência mais elevada que a feminina nas duas áreas de residência. A faixa etária mais atingida foi acima de 50 anos, porém a proporção de menores de 15 anos se mostrou acima dos valores esperados na população geral do país, além de apresentar diferentes níveis de gravidade nas subáreas rurais estudadas. Os achados indicam que esta situação pode ser explicada pelas desigualdades, sobretudo, relativas à acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde que, contraditoriamente, parecem menos resolutivos na área urbana.This study describes the tuberculosis situation in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State, Brazil, from 1997 to 2002. The county, which has a predominantly Indian population, is a relevant tuberculosis area in Amazonas, since the infection rate is 2.4 to 4 times that of the overall State and national rates. The statistical analyses used to assess its association with age, gender, and clinical form showed differences in the endemic behavior, comparing the urban and rural incidence rates. Males had higher standardized incidence rates than females in both the urban and rural areas. The most heavily affected age group was greater than 50 years, but the rate among

Género, etnia y violencia en Ayutla, Oaxaca

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Verónica Vázquez-García

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia de género ha sido estudiada desde los años sesenta. Actualmente es un problema conceptualizado y documentado, pero no necesariamente atendido. Oaxaca destaca como uno de los estados donde las mujeres son más propensas a ser víctimas de una agresión. Este trabajo analiza la violencia de género en Ayutla, comunidad mixe de Oaxaca. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de una estrategia metodológica mixta (cuantitativa- cualitativa. Entre los principales hallazgos están: la violencia psicológica es la más común; hay numerosos casos de incesto y estupro; la violencia económica generalmente asume la forma de abandono total de la pareja; las autoridades locales y del Estado ejercen violencia institucional al no atender las denuncias. Se analizan las estrategias discursivas de las mujeres para resignificar sus derechos dentro de su propia cultura, así como el éxito en la denuncia de un caso de violación dentro del matrimonio que fortaleció la defensa de tales derechos.

Lipid Panel Reference Intervals for Amazon Parrots (Amazona species).

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Ravich, Michelle; Cray, Carolyn; Hess, Laurie; Arheart, Kristopher L

2014-09-01

The lipoprotein panel is a useful diagnostic tool that allows clinicians to evaluate blood lipoprotein fractions. It is a standard diagnostic test in human medicine but is poorly understood in avian medicine. Amazon parrots (Amazona species) are popular pets that frequently lead a sedentary lifestyle and are customarily fed high-fat diets. Similar to people with comparable diets and lifestyles, Amazon parrots are prone to obesity and atherosclerosis. In human medicine, these conditions are typically correlated with abnormalities in the lipoprotein panel. To establish reference intervals for the lipoprotein panel in Amazon parrots, plasma samples from 31 captive Amazon parrots were analyzed for concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The data were also grouped according to sex, diet, body condition score, and age. Aside from HDL levels, which were significantly different between male and female parrots, no intergroup differences were found for any of the lipoprotein fractions.

Arboviral diseases in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a perspective and analysis from a tertiary health & research center in Manaus, State of Amazonas

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Maria Paula Gomes Mourão

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD, located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon, is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42 were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA CONDICIÓN PERIODONTAL, HÁBITOS Y COSTUMBRES EN SALUD ORAL EN INDÍGENAS DE COMUNIDADES AMAZÓNICAS DE COLOMBIA: TARAPACÁ, AMAZONAS

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Yeni Patricia Molina Ibañez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Hay pocos estudios en el Amazonas Colombiano que permitan conocer el estado real de salud periodontal en esta población. El ENSAB III (Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal evidencia condiciones desfavorables a nivel periodontal en esta zona del país. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar el estado periodontal de cuatro comunidades indígenas pertenecientes al corregimiento de Tarapacá, Amazonas, conocer sus creencias, hábitos y actitudes frente a los conceptos de salud oral, enfermedad gingival y la necesidad de intervención que requieran o no a nivel periodontal. Materiales y métodos: 80 habitantes nativos (28 hombres y 52 mujeres, con edades que oscilan entre los 20 y 81 años; quienes diligenciaron una encuesta conteniendo datos personales como hábitos (consumo de cigarrillo, tabaco, etc. y costumbres de higiene oral; se realizó un examen periodontal, registrando características clínicas (encía: color, sangrado, movilidad dental, etc. y medidas periodontales tomadas a cada diente (margen, surco, nivel de inserción, etc.. Resultados: se observó en la población alto porcentaje de sangrado (48%, placa bacteriana (77%, cálculos (41%. P=.0.001; a pesar de tener estas características el 82% de la población presentó surcos gingivales ≤3 mm. p= 0.05. El principal motivo de pérdida dental fue extracción (46.2%. Conclusiones: A pesar de tener altos niveles de placa bacteriana, sangrado y cálculos, la mayoría de los participantes presentaba sólo gingivitis (77.5%, en pocos casos se evidenció periodontitis (21.25%. El tratamiento que requieren es de baja complejidad y no se encontró relación directa entre los hallazgos encontrados, los hábitos de higiene oral y costumbres con el estado periodontal que presentan.

VICHADA: LA HOSPITALIDAD DEL ORINOCO. Pag. 150-157

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Wilmer Velandia

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Donde el cielo y la sabana se unen en el infinito, se vislumbra una sola montaña en la lejanía, parece un gigante, antiguo y oscuro al final de la inmensidad un “Tepuye”, después de unas cuantas horas de camino se acerca este gran anciano que data del precámbrico, pero no está solo. Se observan algunos compañeros iguales a él, se podrían considerar como los guardianes del imponente y hermoso Orinoko, considerado en lengua Sikuani como la gran serpiente enroscada acompañada de una gran riqueza paisajística cultural y biodiversa; bosques de galería, diferentes tipos de sabana, esteros, lagunas, morichales, bosques inundables, las que recorren aguas blancas, negras y mixtas, rodeadas por diferentes etnias y grupos indígenas como Piaroas, Sikuanis – Guahibos, Cuibas y Amoruas, que viven en forma pacífica con llaneros y colonos, orgullosos de estas tierras, amables y hospitalarios que desde hace muchos años comparten este paraíso con: bagres, pirañas, anguilas, rayas, arawanas, anacondas, ranas, sapos, caimanes, babos, iguanas, tortugas, loros, búhos, guacamayas, azucareros, pavones, paujiles, águilas, zamuros, aulladores, armadillos, ocarros, chigüiros, osos hormigueros, ocelotes, jaguares, nutrias, murciélagos, cuerpo espines, zorros, venados y delfines, que pasan sus días entre; cedros, moriches, saladillos, caraños, yarumos, laureles, caimos, guaduas, guamos, alcornoques, chaparros, arepillos, palmiches y gualtes.

GÉNERO Y CULTURA DEPORTIVA: JÓVENES DE ETNIA GITANA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN ESPAÑA

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Dora Blasco

2006-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo me he centrado en las relaciones entre el género y el desempeño de la actividad deportiva en los colegios. Más concretamente, en las líneas que siguen he querido poner de manifiesto que la cultura de las jóvenes gitanas repercute directamente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación física. Mi intención ha sido analizar cuáles son los rasgos que caracterizan dicha cultura y cómo interactúan con la docencia mencionada. En el texto, se describen situaciones diarias y problemas cotidianos observados en un centro escolar público con el objetivo de proporcionar algunas claves para llevar a buen término los contenidos curriculares básicos de la educación física en el caso en concreto de las niñas de etnia gitana de tercer ciclo de primaria.  

A new eimerian species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the blue-fronted Amazon parrot Amazona aestiva L. (Aves: Psittacidae) in Brazil.

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Hofstatter, P G; Guaraldo, A M A

2011-12-01

The Neotropical psittacine species Amazona aestiva, commonly known as the blue-fronted Amazon, is one of the most common and best-known psittacine birds kept as a pet worldwide. However, very little is known about the diseases or parasites of these birds. In this study, we describe a new species, Eimeria aestivae, associated with these parrots. The new species is characterized by: ovoid smooth oocysts (n  =  60), 36.8 (33.2-41.5) × 23.7 (21.7-25.7) µm, length/width ratio  =  1.55; polar granule present; ellipsoidal sporocysts (n  =  25), 19.8 (17.5-21.6) × 9.3 (8.3-9.9) µm; Stieda, sub-Stieda body, and sporocyst residuum present. Sporozoites (n  =  20), 2 per sporocyst, elongate and curved, 17.6 (15.8-19.2) × 3.8 (3.2-4.8) µm; each with 2 refractile bodies. The oocysts of the other 2 eimerian species described for Amazona are larger than those of the presented species, but they all seem to be closely related because of some similarities among them.

Retrobulbar adenocarcinoma in an Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis).

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Watson, Victoria E; Murdock, Jessica H; Cazzini, Paola; Schnellbacher, Rodney; Divers, Stephen J; Sakamoto, Kaori

2013-03-01

Retrobulbar neoplasms are not common in mammals and are even more infrequently seen in nonmammalian species. The current report describes a retrobulbar mass creating exophthalmia and neurologic signs in a red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis). A 27-year-old female parrot presented for a 3-day history of anorexia and a 2-week history of periocular soft tissue swelling and exophthalmia of the right eye. Physical examination revealed 9% dehydration and right eye exophthalmia with inability to retropulse the globe. A fine-needle aspirate was performed, and cytologic evaluation revealed necrotic debris with scattered clusters of epithelial cells, moderate numbers of macrophages, and few heterophils. Given the possibility of neoplasia and paucity of treatment options, the owners elected euthanasia and submitted the body for necropsy. A large, fluctuant, friable, red, retrobulbar mass with multiple areas of hemorrhage, on cut surface, was noted at necropsy. Histologically, the mass was composed of neoplastic, cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells, forming rosette-like glandular structures, admixed with abundant necrotic debris. The neoplastic cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) by immunohistochemistry. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the mass was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma.

Hematology of the Red-capped parrot (Pionopsitta pileata) and Vinaceous Amazon parrot (Amazona vinacea) in captivity.

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Schmidt, Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos; Lange, Rogério Ribas; Ribas, Janaciara Moreira; Daciuk, Bárbara Maria; Montiani-Ferreira, Fabiano; Paulillo, Antonio Carlos

2009-03-01

Preliminary reference intervals for hematologic and total plasma protein profiles were determined for nine adult Red-capped parrots (Pionopsitta pileata) (six males and three females) and six Vinaceous Amazon parrots (Amazona vinacea) (two adult males, two adult females, one juvenile, and one nonsexed) from the Curitiba Zoo, Paraná, Brazil. For both Red-capped parrots and Vinaceous Amazon parrots, adult males had higher red blood cell counts than adult females. Regarding white blood cell distribution, differences due to gender were also found for both species of parrots.

Prevalence of Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 among blood donors in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Márcia Poinho EncarnaçÃo de Morais

2017-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Introduction: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2 is endemic in Brazil, but few studies have investigated the seroprevalence of HTLV and its subtypes among blood donors in the capital city Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 and to identify circulating subtypes among blood donors in Manaus. Materials and Methods: Blood donors (2001-2003 were screened for HTLV-1/2 antibodies by ELISA. Positive results were confirmed and subtyped by Western blot assays. Prevalence rates were calculated and compared with demographic data. Results: Among the 87,402 individuals screened, 116 (0.13% were seropositive for HTLV-1/2. A second sample (76/116 was collected and retested by HTLV-1/2 ELISA, of which only 41/76 were positive. Western blot confirmed HTLV infection in 24/41 retested blood donors [HTLV-1 (n=16, HTLV-2 (n=5 and HTLV-untypable (n=3]. Discussion: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are prevalent among blood donors in Manaus. However, additional studies are needed to comprehend the epidemiology of HTLV-1/2 in Amazonas not only to understand the pathophysiology of the disease providing adequate medical assistance, but also to reduce or block virus transmission.

Evaluation of cryolite from pitinga (Amazonas-Brazil as a source of hydrogen fluoride

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Jéssica F. Paulino

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This paper reports the use of cryolite from the Pitinga Mine (Amazonas state, Brazil as raw material in hydrogen fluoride production. Samples were initially characterized by chemical and mineralogical analyses. They presented low silica content (< 4 wt.%. After milling, cryolite samples were digested with concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring (200 rpm and variable temperature, time and liquid to solid ratio conditions. Under the best experimental conditions (140 °C, 3-5 h, 96 wt.% of fluorine was recovered as hydrogen fluoride. The application of a 23 full factorial design showed that temperature and reaction time were relevant parameters during leaching, whereas liquid to solid ratio was not statistically significant.

[Community-based organizations and the aids epidemic in Amazonas state, Brazil].

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Kadri, Michele Rocha; Schweickardt, Julio Cesar

2015-05-01

The scope of this paper was to analyze the perception of community-based organizations and their contributions to the history of tackling Aids in Amazonas State. It involved qualitative research with the use of oral and documental sources. Data were collected between June and September 2013 by means of semi-structured interviews with the leaders of eight organizations that work or worked with more vulnerable communities. Based on Discourse Analysis the conclusion drawn is that that the organizations perceive two distinct phases since the decentralization of funds from the Sexually-Transmitted Diseases Aids and Viral Hepatitis Department to the local leaders. The first phase was marked by the strengthening of organizations, collective empowerment and active political participation. The current phase has seen the distancing between organizations, a loss of political momentum and weakening of common response and organization.

Tratamiento de leishmaniasis cutánea andina con ketoconazol en dos zonas de alta incidencia del Departamento de Amazonas: reporte de casos

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Jose Gabriel Cabrejos Pita

2002-10-01

Full Text Available To report the use of Ketoconazole as alternative treatment for Andean Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL in two high incidence zones in Amazonas Department. Methods: It was considered patients with confirmed diagnosis of ACL whom there were difficulties for the administration of Pentavalent Antimonials. It was not considered patients below 2 years old, pregnant or nursing woman and patients with wounds bigger than 5 cm. diameter. Patients above 12 years old received Ketoconazole 600 mg. daily for 28 days; patients below 12 years old received only 200 mg. It was made clinical follow-up weekly during the treatment. There were treated 2 patients above and 2 patients below 12 years old. The two younger and one of the older had not been received any previous medical treatment, the other one had been received two previous courses of Glucantime®. The treatment was successful in the 4 cases. It was made clinical follow-up for 3 months in the younger patients and it was observed complete healing and absence of new lesions. Ketoconazole, 600 mg. daily for 28 days for below 12 years old patients and 200 mg. daily for above 12 years old patients could be considered an alternative treatment for ACL in Inguilpata and Yerbabuena Districts; in patients with or without previous Pentavalent Antimonials Treatments. (Rev Med Hered 2002; 13: 144-147

Cosmología e Intermedicalidade: el campo religioso y la autoatención de los padecimientos de los indios Munduruku del Amazonas

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Daniel SCOPEL

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo fundamenta-se em uma etnografia sobre práticas de saúde na aldeia Kwatá, dos Índios Munduruku, localizados no Rio Canumã, no município de Borba, Amazonas, Brasil. Essas práticas de saúde extrapolam o circuito biomédico de atenção e abrangem redes de atores sociais que podem ser descritos como participantes de um “campo religioso” de atenção às enfermidades. Verificou-se que o papel da autoatenção nos processos de saúde e doença é fundamental para a constituição desse campo, no qual se destacam forças convergentes e antagônicas do xamanismo, do cristianismo, da umbanda, do espiritismo kardecista e da biomedicina. Os dados levantados apontam que essas redes de relações sociais projetam-se para além dos limites da terra indígena, para espaços rurais e urbanos, e frequentemente estabelecem diálogos interétnicos. Os itinerários terapêuticos acompanhados indicam a heterogeneidade das práticas de saúde desenvolvidas pelos Munduruku com destaque à autoatenção, à atuação política e à inserção econômica no cenário local e regional.

Geochronology of the basement rocks, Amazonas Territory, Venezuela and the tectonic evolution of the western Guiana Shield

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Gaudette, H E; Olszewski, Jr, W J

1985-01-01

The Amazonas Territory of Venezuela is a large area of Precambrian basement rocks overlain in some locales by the supracrustal sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Roraima Formation. The basement rocks are medium to high grade gneisses with both igneous and sedimentary protoliths, plutonic rocks ranging in composition from granite to tonalite, and meta-volcanic rocks. Rb-Sr whole rock, and U-Pb isotopic analyses of zircons indicate a period of medium to high grade metamorphism and intrusion from 1860 to 1760 Ma. Post-tectonic plutonic activity continued to 1550 Ma. The volcanic rocks of the Roraima Formation in Venezuela give an age of 1746 Ma comparable to volcanic rocks of the Roraima Formation in other parts of the Guiana Shield. The ages and distribution of the basement rocks suggest the presence of a tectonic zone, approximately coincident with the Venezuelan-Colombian border, representing an active orogenic boundary between distinct tectonic provinces. The rocks to the northeast of this zone are part of the Trans-Amazonian of the Guiana Shield, while to the southwest and in adjacent Brazil and Colombia, new younger continental crust has been developed and cratonized. We suggest a model of collision and subduction followed by a chan0140n tectonic style to extensional-vertical to produce the basement rocks of the western Guiana Shield in the Amazonas Territory. (Auth.). 20 refs.; 13 figs.; 2 tabs.

Autoridad y memoria entre los killakas. Las estrategias discursivas de don Juan Colque Guarache en el sur andino (Siglo XVI)

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Graña, Mario Julio

2014-01-01

Entre 1575 y 1577, don Juan Colque Guarache, cacique principal de las etnias killaka, asanaque, sivaroyo,haracapi y uruquilla del sur del lago Poopó, actual Oruro (Bolivia)eleva a consideración de las autoridades españolas una serie de "Probanzasde Méritos y Servicios" de sus antepasados. Esta fuente permite explorar la narración de la historia de un linaje indígena, a la luz de las estrategias discursivas empleadas por las autoridades étnicas dentro del contexto colonial.En este sentido, se ...

Genetic characterization of rhizobia isolated from Amazonas soils based on the technique of PCR-RFLP / Caracterização genética de rizóbio isolados de solos no Amazonas baseada na técnica de PCR-RFLP

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Arlem Nascimento de Oliveira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Few are the details concerning the molecular characterization of native rhizobia isolates from Amazonas soils. The aim of the present study was the genetic characterization of rhizobia isolated from nodules of cowpea using the method PCR-RFLP of the ribosome genes 16S rRNA and the restriction enzymes HinfI, MspI, and MboI. The analysis included 20 native isolates and ten reference strains from different origins. The results indicated a great genetic variability with the formation of eight groups in one dendrogram with a varied level of similarity.Poucas são as informações referentes à caracterização molecular de rizóbios nativos isolados de solos no Amazonas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização genética de rizóbios isolados de nódulos de caupi usando o método PCR-RFLP dos genes ribossomais 16S rRNA e as enzimas de restrição HinfI, MspI, e MboI. A análise incluiu 20 isolados nativos e dez estirpes-referência de diferentes origens. Os resultados indicaram uma grande variabilidade genética com a formação de oito grupos em um dendrograma com um nível de similaridade variado.

T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a double yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix).

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Osofsky, Anna; Hawkins, Michelle G; Foreman, Oded; Kent, Michael S; Vernau, William; Lowenstine, Linda J

2011-12-01

An adult, male double yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix) was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on results of a complete blood cell count and cytologic examination of a bone marrow aspirate. Treatment with oral chlorambucil was attempted, but no response was evident after 40 days. The bird was euthanatized, and the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was confirmed on gross and microscopic examination of tissues. Neoplastic lymphocytes were found in the bone marrow, liver, kidney, testes, and blood vessels. Based on CD3-positive immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical immunophenotyping, the chronic lymphocytic leukemia was determined to be of T-cell origin.

Género, clase y etnia en un área protegida

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Paula Gabriela Núñez

2010-05-01

Full Text Available En este texto se comparan dos iniciativas, caracterizadas como “ecofeministas”. Ambas se concretan en el entorno de San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina. La primera trata de una práctica deportiva que se lleva adelante en los años '30 y '40, mientras que la segunda es un ejercicio de recuperación de residuos, ideado a partir del 2001. Tanto en uno como otro caso se encuentran límites en el ejercicio reivindicatorio planteado, pero al mismo tiempo, y en función del vínculo que plantean con el entorno, se descubren prácticas originales que suman, desde sitios no convencionales, antecedentes de autonomía, que aún con límites avanzan en la edificación de una sociedad más justa.

Adiciones al inventario avifaunístico del estado de Querétaro, México

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José Belem Hernández-Díaz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Reportamos por primera vez nueve especies de aves para el estado de Querétaro, México, cinco de ellas nativas (Cyrtonyx montezumae, Buteo lineatus, Phalaropus fulicarius, Falco mexicanus e Icterus spurius y cuatro introducidas (Streptopelia roseogrisea, Cyanoliseus patagonus, Amazona finschi yCalocitta colliei. El inventario avifaunístico del estado incluye ahora 430 especies, de las cuales 418 son nativas y 12 introducidas. Consideramos que el estudio de la avifauna en la zona oeste de Querétaro, que corresponde a la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, se ha venido completando en los últimos años con un importante esfuerzo de muestreo, por lo que con los presentes registros se conocen 271 especies de aves en ella.

Frequencies of Blood Group Systems MNS, Diego, and Duffy and Clinical Phases of Carrion’s Disease in Amazonas, Peru

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Oscar Acosta

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Carrion’s disease (CD, is a human bartonellosis, that is, endemic in the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Bartonella bacilliformis, a native hemotrophic bacteria, is the causative agent of CD, and the interaction with the host could have produced changes in the gene frequencies of erythrocyte antigens. The goal here is to investigate the relationship between allele frequencies of blood group systems MNS, Diego, and Duffy and the clinical phases of CD, within a genetic context. In this associative and analytical study, 76 individuals from Bagua Grande, the province of Utcubamba, and the department of Amazonas in Peru, were enrolled. Forty of them resided in Tomocho-Collicate-Vista Hermosa area (high prevalence of cases in chronic phase, verrucous, or eruptive phase, without previous acute phase. Thirty-six individuals were from the area of Miraflores (high prevalence of cases in acute phase only and were evaluated for blood group systems MNS, Diego, and Duffy. This study constitutes one of the first attempts at evaluating the genetic factors and clinical phases of CD. No significant statistical differences (P>0.05 between allele frequencies of blood groups MNS, Diego, and Duffy and the prevalence of chronic and acute phases were detected in the two areas of Amazonas, Peru.

Acetylcholinesterase concentrations in heparinized blood of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Tully, Thomas N; Osofsky, Anna; Jowett, Peter L H; Hosgood, Giselle

2003-12-01

Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at nerve synapses. Blood samples from 22 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) were assayed for cholinesterase levels by two different techniques. Using the modified Michel method, the whole-blood cholinesterase activity levels ranged from 0.082 to 0.616 deltapH/hr with a mean value of 0.35 deltapH/hr. A reference range (0.08-0.62 deltapH/hr) for cholinesterase was established in birds. The modified Ellman spectrophotometric method was used to measure AChE activity by adding acetylthiocholine or pseudocholinesterase (plasma cholinesterase) activity by adding butyrylthiocholine. The reference range of the AChE activity using the modified Ellman spectrophotometric method was 0-1.12 micromol/ml/min with a mean of 0.48 micromol/ml/min, and for pseudocholinesterase the range was 0.09-0.98 micromol/ml/min with a mean of 0.53 micromol/ml/min.

Characterization of hepatitis B virus in Amerindian children and mothers from Amazonas State, Colombia.

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Carlos Mario Jaramillo

Full Text Available Hepatitis B Virus (HBV infection is a worldwide public health problem. In the 1980's a highly effective and safe vaccine against HBV was developed, although breakthrough infection still occasionally occurs because of the emergence of escape mutants. The aim of this study was to identify HBV genotypes and escape mutants in children and their mothers in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas State, Southern Colombia.Blood specimens collected from children and mothers belonging to 37 Amerindian communities in Amazonas state, were screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc using ELISA. The partial region containing the S ORF was amplified by nested PCR, and amplicons were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA 5.05 software.Forty-six children (46/1275, 3.6% and one hundred and seventy-seven mothers (177/572, 30.9% were tested positive for the anti-HBc serological marker. Among them, 190 samples were tested for viral genome detection; 8.3% (2/31 serum samples obtained from children and 3.1% (5/159 from mothers were positive for the ORF S PCR. The predominant HBV genotype in the study population was F, subgenotype F1b; in addition, subgenotype F1a and genotype A were also characterized. Two HBV escape mutants were identified, G145R, reported worldwide, and W156*; this stop codon was identified in a child with occult HBV infection. Other mutations were found, L109R and G130E, located in critical positions of the HBsAg sequence.This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotype F, subgenotypes F1b and F1a, and genotype A in Amerindian communities and for the first time escape mutants in Colombia. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the frequency and the epidemiological impact of the escape mutants in the country.

La expedición de límites de 1750 en la Guayana española: los logros de una tarea que nunca comenzó

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Miguel Ángel Perera

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Esta contribución aborda las implicaciones de la demarcación de fronteras en las cuencas del Orinoco y el Amazonas, en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, a partir del estudio de la expedición de límites entre España y Portugal. Esta empresa resultó en un sorprendente juego de omisiones, infortunios y enfrentamientos personales. Una tarea nunca deseada que para la Guayana española, no obstante, marcó un cambio radical en su valoración geoestratégica y dio inicio a una tardía modernidad colonial lograda gracias a la iniciativa de sus comisarios. Así, preservaron una parte importante de su integridad territorial frente a las pretensiones geográficas lusitanas y frenaron el tráfico de esclavos indígenas hacia el Amazonas.

Visión Comunitaria de los Beneficios Derivados del Ecoturismo en el Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu (Amazonas, Colombia

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Fredy A Ochoa Fonseca

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El ecoturismo es visto como oportunidad para el desarrollo, la conservación y la generación de beneficios para las comunidades; bajo esta perspectiva, Parques Nacionales en el año 2004 entrega en concesión los servicios ecoturísticos del PNN Amacayacu, proceso que ha traído interrogantes e inconformidades. Esta investigación busca analizar la visión que tienen las comunidades del PNN Amacayacu sobre los beneficios derivados del ecoturismo, mediante una metodología cualitativa que establece la percepción de la comunidad frente al problema. Los resultados muestran al ecoturismo como un modelo exógeno de desarrollo que genera beneficios, pero también impactos en los modos de vida y la cultura local; muestran también que, más allá de los beneficios monetarios, existen otros como la participación en la toma de decisiones que son más valiosos para las comunidades. Finalmente, muestra la relevancia de cuestionarse sobre cuál es el tipo de desarrollo al que se le apunta desde el ecoturismo y la importancia de que sean las mismas comunidades quienes lo definan.

Clinical and virological descriptive study in the 2011 outbreak of dengue in the Amazonas, Brazil.

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Valquiria do Carmo Alves Martins

Full Text Available Dengue is a vector-borne disease in the tropical and subtropical region of the world and is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. In the state of Amazonas, Brazil during the 2011 outbreak of dengue all the four Dengue virus (DENV serotypes circulating simultaneously were observed. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical epidemiology of dengue in Manaus, the capital city of the state of the Amazonas, where all the four DENV serotypes were co-circulating simultaneously.Patients with acute febrile illness during the 2011 outbreak of dengue, enrolled at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD, a referral centre for tropical and infectious diseases in Manaus, were invited to participate in a clinical and virological descriptive study. Sera from 677 patients were analyzed by RT-nested-PCRs for flaviviruses (DENV 1-4, Saint Louis encephalitis virus-SLEV, Bussuquara virus-BSQV and Ilheus virus-ILHV, alphavirus (Mayaro virus-MAYV and orthobunyavirus (Oropouche virus-OROV.Only dengue viruses were detected in 260 patients (38.4%. Thirteen patients were co-infected with more than one DENV serotype and six (46.1% of them had a more severe clinical presentation of the disease. Nucleotide sequencing showed that DENV-1 belonged to genotype V, DENV-2 to the Asian/American genotype, DENV-3 to genotype III and DENV-4 to genotype II.Co-infection with more than one DENV serotype was observed. This finding should be warning signs to health authorities in situations of the large dispersal of serotypes that are occurring in the world.

Tegumentary leishmaniasis in the State of Amazonas: what have we learned and what do we need?

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Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the occurrence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, in the last 30 years with emphasis on the last 10 years (2001 to 2010. The disease was predominantly observed in males (76.2%, in the 21- to 30-year-old age group (26.6% and in extractive workers (43.7%; 3.3% of the cases were the mucosal form. The endemic channel shows the disease seasonality, with a predominance of cases at the beginning and end of each year. The number of cases by municipality in the period of 2001-2010 shows the maintenance of the endemic in the localities where the highest numbers of cases have always been registered, namely, Manaus, Rio Preto da Eva, Itacoatiara and Presidente Figueiredo. The comparison of data from 2001 to 2005 and from 2006 to 2010 showed the emergence of this disease in municipalities that had been previously unaffected. In the last years, there has been a significant increase in the activities of control, diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis in the State of Amazonas. In conclusion, the historical series of ATL analyzed in this study suggests that the transmission foci remain and are even expanding, though without continuous transmission in the intra- or peridomicile settings. Moreover, the disease will persist in the Amazon while the factors associated with infection acquisition relative to forest exploitation continue to have economic appeal. There is a real expectation of wide variations in disease incidence that can be influenced by climate and economic aspects.

Desarrollo sostenible de la amazonia

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Zuluaga Luis

1991-12-01

Full Text Available De la CUENCA AMAZONICA que tiene una extensión de 725.014.300 hectáreas, Colombia participa con 5.5% , es decir con 39.875.334 hectáreas. Así mismo dicha área es el 34.90%del total de Colombia y constituye la región natural
más extensa del país. La Amazonía Colombiana está ubicada en la cabecera de varios de los afluentes más caudalosos del gran río Amazonas, la cuenca hidrográfica más amplia del mundo y por lo tanto, es de interés para la conservación de
las partes bajas. Geográficamente comprende los Departamentos del Caquetá, Putumayo, Vaupés, Amazonas y la división de aguas de Guaviare y Guainía. La Amazonía intervenida con base el cálculos de 1980, era el 10% del área o sea 3.987.533 hectáreas. Alrededor del 80% de
la superficie deforestada hasta 1980 en la Amazonía ha sido dedicada a pastizales.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dos acidentes ofídicos ocorridos nos municípios do Estado do Amazonas Epidemiological and clinical aspects of snake accidentes in the municipalities of the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Célio Campos Borges

1999-12-01

Full Text Available No Amazonas, o acidente ofídico é um problema de saúde pública pouco conhecido. Por este motivo, foi realizado um estudo descritivo dos acidentes ofídicos atendidos nas Unidades de Saúde de 34 municípios, um distrito e dois pelotões de fronteira do Estado do Amazonas. As características mais comuns encontradas dentre os pacientes foram: agricultor (50,4%, do sexo masculino (81,3%, em idade produtiva (72,1%, picado no membro inferior (88,5%, por jararaca (48,6% ou surucucu (46,8%, na zona rural de seu município (70,2% e que só recebeu atendimento médico em tempo superior a seis horas, após acidente (57,3%. As manifestações locais mais freqüentes foram: edema (76,9%, dor (68,7%, eritema (10,2% e hemorragia (9,3%. Hemorragia (18,8% foi a manifestação sistêmica mais freqüente. O antiveneno foi administrado em apenas 65,9% dos pacientes. A via mais utilizada foi a endovenosa (52,3%, sendo relevante o uso de vias não mais recomendadas (47,7%. O antiveneno administrado, na maioria dos pacientes, foi o antibotrópico (66,7%. As complicações mais freqüentes foram abcesso (13,7%, necrose (12,3%, infecção secundária (8,3%, insuficiência renal (2,5% e gangrena (2,5%. Os procedimentos médicos mais usados para o tratamento das complicações foram: drenagem (52,6%, debridamento (28,9%, amputação (10,5%, limpeza cirúrgica (5,3% e diálise peritoneal (2,6%. A letalidade foi de 1%.In the State of Amazonas, accidents with snakes are a public health problem. For this reasons, the objective of this work was to carry out a descriptive study of the snake accidents attended in the health units of 34 municipalities, one district and two border platoons in the State of Amazonas. The characteristics most commonly observed among those involved in snake accidents were: farmers (50.4%, male (81.3%, belonging to the working age-group (72.1%, bitten on an upper limb (88.5% by a "jararaca" (48.6% or a "surucucu" (46.8% in the rural part of the

Vila amazonas: antes um espaço "acionado" hoje um passado esquecido

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Jaqueline Ferreira de Lima Brito

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Um projeto inovador situado no município de Santana no Estado do Amapá, Vila Amazonas se destacou como um centro autônomo, dotado de uma perfeita infra-estrutura, que fugia dos padrões vividos no município. Um trabalho conciso de exemplar aplicação dos princípios modernistas, bem como do urbanismo progressista especificamente no que concerne a cidade industrial, onde a razão determinante de tal estabelecimento é a presença próxima de matéria-prima, existência de uma força natural suscetível e a comodidade dos meios de transportes. O estudo coloca em discussão aspectos importantes da preservação do patrimônio que no momento se encontra na eminência de ser destruído e esquecido.

Los Mapuche y el Proceso que los Convirtió en lndios

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Julio Paillalef

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Presentación y reseña del libro "Los Mapuche y el Proceso que los Convirtió en lndios"Este es un libro que aborda el tema mapuche desde una perspectiva que, hasta ahora, no había sido considerada en nuestro país. El autor recurre a antecedentes tomados de la psicología, para poner en evidencia nuevas dimensiones de un hecho social que para la etnia ha significado maltrato psicológico y social, al que ha estado expuesta durante los últimos 200 años. A pesar de aquello, la etnia jamás a estado dispuesta a la sumisión. Es probable que en la psiquis del mapuche, sea determinante el sentirse partícipe de una historia en la que sus antepasados fueron protagonistas de acciones plenas de valor y heroísmo en la defensa del mapu y su libertad. Ello ha dificultado la sumisión y obediencia ante los grupos dominantes de la sociedad chilena, hecho que, una vez más, provoca el interés y no pocas veces la admiración en Chile y el extranjero por la causa de este pueblo.[...

Caracteriza??o da frota e do desembarque da pesca comercial no munic?pio de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil

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Laredo, Maria Ang?lica Corr?a

2009-01-01

Neste estudo, foi avaliado o potencial da pesca comercial no munic?pio de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil, por meio da caracteriza??o da frota que atua na regi?o e do desembarque pesqueiro realizado no per?odo de 1 de Dezembro de 2007 a 30 de Novembro de 2008. A frota foi caracterizada com base nas entrevistas de 217 pescadores e donos de embarca??o, os quais identificaram a atua??o de 41 barcos e 176 canoas motorizadas. Estas embarca??es apresentaram um padr?o com rela??o ao comprimen...

Characterization of the family health strategy in Amazonas state, Brazil: an analysis of implementation and impact

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Oliveira, Hadelândia Milon de; Gonçalves, Maria Jacirema Ferreira; Pires, Rodrigo Otávio Moretti

2011-01-01

Este artigo aborda a implantação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) em municípios do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, analisando indicadores de cobertura populacional potencial, indícios de mudança do modelo assistencial e indício de impacto (2004 e 2008). A classificação de implantação foi intermediária e insatisfatória. Os resultados mostram aumento no número de municípios com PSF implantado, assim como na cobertura do programa, porém ainda abaixo de 50% da cobertura populacional. Para a dimensã...

Intermittent bradyarrhythmia in a Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (Amazona ventralis).

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Rembert, Melanie S; Smith, Julie A; Strickland, Keith N; Tully, Thomas N

2008-03-01

A clinically normal 2-year-old Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (Amazona ventralis) was found to have periodic second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block with variable nodal conductions while anesthetized with isoflurane during a thermal-support research project. Arrhythmias were observed on 5 successive weekly electrocardiograms. A complete cardiac evaluation, including a diagnostic electrocardiogram, revealed intermittent bradyarrhythmias ranging from a 2:1 to a 7:1 second-degree AV block, with concurrent hypotensive episodes during the nodal blocks. Results of a complete blood cell count, plasma biochemical profile, blood gas analysis, and atropine-response test, as well as radiography and auscultation, revealed no obvious cause for the arrhythmias. Echocardiography demonstrated cardiac wall thickness, chamber size, and systolic function similar to other psittacine birds. On return to the colony, the parrot continued to be outwardly asymptomatic despite the dramatic conduction disturbances. Although cardiac arrhythmias, including second-degree AV block, have been widely reported in birds, the wide variation of nodal conductions, the intermittent nature, and an arrhythmia with a 7:1 second-degree AV block that spontaneously reverts to normal as seen in this case have not been well documented in parrots.

Nelson Manrique. ¡Usted fue Aprista! Bases para una historia crítica del Apra

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Heraclio Bonilla Mayta

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La segunda administración del presidente Alan García Pérez está por concluir, y en ella se aplicaron políticas económicas acordes con el clima neoliberal que caracteriza, salvo excepciones, al conjunto de la región. En ese sentido, fueron diametralmente opuestas a las implementadas en su primer gobierno, entre 1985 y 1990, como resultado de su convicción de que bastaría un giro de 180 grados para evitar el desastre que preparó el camino a la dictadura de Fujimori. Y si bien el Perú de hoy está lejos de ser el paria planetario y de la hiperinflación, que fue el legado de su primer gobierno, como lo evidencian las notables tasas de crecimiento que hasta hace poco tuvo la economía peruana, es importante subrayar que ese desempeño fue el resultado de fuerzas que escapan del control del gobierno, como la altísima demanda de las commodities requeridas por mercados enormes como los de China e India. Ese espectacular crecimiento, frenado por la crisis reciente, no obstante, no se condice con la pobreza y la miseria en la que aún están sumergidos enormes sectores de la población urbana y, sobre todo, rural del país. Más aún, ese tipo de política, justificada por el propio presidente en sendos artículos publicados en El Comercio —como signo de los nuevos tiempos, el opositor más encarnizado del apra auroral, bajo el título de El perro del hortelano—, despertó la abierta oposición de la población nativa del Amazonas, por la amenaza que representaba su implementación para sus condiciones de vida y de reproducción

The generation of electric power in a model of endogenous development: possible solutions for isolated communities in the Amazonas State, Brazil; A geracao de energia eletrica em um modelo de desenvolvimento endogeno: possiveis solucoes para as comunidades isoladas do interior do estado do Amazonas

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Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica

2006-07-01

This work was developed to fit the generation of electric energy for the isolated communities of the interior of the Amazonas State in a context of endogenous development. A regional development is proposed, with the inclusion of the generation of electric energy for these communities in a context of development, rather than the isolated form proposed in the federal government electrification program of 'Luz Para Todos' (Light For All). (author)

Ovarian hemangiosarcoma in an orange-winged Amazon parrot (Amazona amazonica).

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Mickley, Kimberly; Buote, Melanie; Kiupel, Matti; Graham, Jennifer; Orcutt, Connie

2009-03-01

A 25-year-old intact female orange-winged Amazon parrot (Amazona amazonica) presented for a 2-week history of straining to defecate, lethargy, open-beak breathing, decreased vocalization, and ruffled feathers. On physical examination, the parrot had a heart murmur, increased air sac and lung sounds, open-beak breathing, increased respiratory rate and effort, and coelomic distension. An ultrasound revealed intracoelomic fluid, and hemorrhagic fluid was aspirated from the coelom. Cytologic analysis indicated hemocoelom. Pericardial effusion was observed during the sonogram, and pericardiocentesis was performed. The bird was euthanatized upon the owner's request because of a poor prognosis. At necropsy, several masses that involved the ovary and oviduct were observed, as well as a thickened pericardium and a thickened, fibrinous epicardium. Results of a histopathologic examination of the masses that involved the reproductive tract revealed ovarian hemangiosarcoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. To our knowledge, ovarian hemangiosarcoma has not been reported in a psittacine species, nor has immunohistochemistry confirmed ovarian hemangiosarcoma in avian species, specifically in an orange-winged Amazon parrot.

Problemas ambientales

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Fernando Ortiz Crespo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Todos somos culpables y causantes del efecto invernadero, el aumento del gas carbónico en la atmósfera, el calentamiento del clima, los violentos cambios en la capa de ozono, la destrucción de la amazonia incluida sus etnias y la extinción de centenares de especies de todo tipo.Todas en espera de soluciones. Aquí radica el rol de los comunicadores cuya responsabilidad radica en crear conciencia de los daños que estamos ocasionando todos y el deber que se impone de poner soluciones a tiempo y apostar al desarrollo de nuestros pueblos

Comportamento de cultivares de milho verde em ecossistema de v?rzea e terra firme no estado do Amazonas.

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Di?genes, Haroldo Cunha

2011-01-01

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento de oito cultivares de milho com caracter?sticas para consumo no est?dio verde de matura??o e verificar a adaptabilidade aos ecossistemas de terra firme e v?rzea nas condi??es edafoclim?ticas dos munic?pios de Manaus e Iranduba no Estado do Amazonas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial 8 x 2 x 5 e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram definidos por oito cultivares de milho, em d...

Medicinal animals: knowledge and use among riverine populations from the Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil

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Andréa Leme da Silva

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The article documents the use of animals in the home medicine among riverine populations from the Negro River, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews and observations concerning to the knowledge and everyday practices of the use of medicinal animals. About 60 animal species are known with medicinal purposes. The knowledge is well distributed between sexes (men and women and localities (urban and rural. The use of medicinal animals is embedded in etiological concepts and involves a complex cosmological vision of the cure process. The rural exodus and the facilitated access to the western medicine may be promoting the loss of the traditional knowledge, which can be mitigated through the valorization and transmission of this knowledge to the future generations.

From drought to flooding: understanding the abrupt 2010-11 hydrological annual cycle in the Amazonas River and tributaries

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Carlo Espinoza, Jhan; Ronchail, Josyane; Loup Guyot, Jean; Junquas, Clementine; Drapeau, Guillaume; Martinez, Jean Michel; Santini, William; Vauchel, Philippe; Lavado, Waldo; Ordoñez, Julio; Espinoza, Raúl

2012-06-01

In this work we document and analyze the hydrological annual cycles characterized by a rapid transition between low and high flows in the Amazonas River (Peruvian Amazon) and we show how these events, which may impact vulnerable riverside residents, are related to regional climate variability. Our analysis is based on comprehensive discharge, rainfall and average suspended sediment data sets. Particular attention is paid to the 2010-11 hydrological year, when an unprecedented abrupt transition from the extreme September 2010 drought (8300 m3 s-1) to one of the four highest discharges in April 2011 (49 500 m3 s-1) was recorded at Tamshiyacu (Amazonas River). This unusual transition is also observed in average suspended sediments. Years with a rapid increase in discharge are characterized by negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific during austral summer, corresponding to a La Niña-like mode. It originates a geopotential height wave train over the subtropical South Pacific and southeastern South America, with a negative anomaly along the southern Amazon and the southeastern South Atlantic convergence zone region. As a consequence, the monsoon flux is retained over the Amazon and a strong convergence of humidity occurs in the Peruvian Amazon basin, favoring high rainfall and discharge. These features are also reported during the 2010-11 austral summer, when an intense La Niña event characterized the equatorial Pacific.

Registro de Culicidae de importância epidemiológica na área rural de Manaus, Amazonas Record of epidemiologically important Culicidae in the rural area of Manaus, Amazonas

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Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A biodiversidade da Região Amazônica inclui diversas espécies de vetores artrópodes em seus diferentes ecótopos, possibilitando o surgimento de doenças como malária, filarioses e arboviroses. De agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002, realizou-se coletas de culicídeos no domicílio, peridomicílio e nas matas da Comunidade São João, área rural de Manaus, Amazonas. Foram capturados 1.240 culicídeos, pertencentes às subfamílias Culicinae (99% e Anophelinae (1%, somando 50 espécies. O predomínio entre as tribos foi nitidamente de Culicini, com 904 (72,9% exemplares, destacando-se as espécies Culex usquatus (22,6% e Culex quinquefasciatus (17,7%. Do total de culicídeos, 1.077 (86,9% exemplares foram capturados no interior das matas, 101 (8,1% no peridomicílio e 62 (5% no intradomicílio. O ecótopo com maior diversidade de espécies foi a mata. Assinalou-se a presença de Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles triannulatus, Aedes aegypti, Haemagogus janthinomys e outros vetores comprovados ou potenciais.The biodiversity of the Amazon region includes many species of arthropod vectors in different ecotopes, thus enabling occurrences of diseases like malaria, filariasis and arbovirosis. From August 2001 to July 2002, we gathered culicids from inside homes, from areas surrounding these homes and from forested areas of the São João Community, in the rural zone of Manaus, State of Amazonas. 1240 specimens were collected, belonging to the Culicinae (99% and Anophelinae (1% subfamilies, with 50 species. The Culicini tribe clearly predominated, with 904 specimens (72.9%, and the species Culex usquatus (22.6% and Culex quinquefasciatus (17.7% were prominent. Out of the total number of culicids, 1,077 (86.9% were caught in the forests, 101 (8.1% in the areas surrounding homes and 62 (5% inside homes. Forests were the ecotope that presented the highest species diversity. The presence of Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles triannulatus, Aedes aegypti, Haemagogus

Malaria in the State of Amazonas: a typical Brazilian tropical disease influenced by waves of economic development

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Vanderson Souza Sampaio

2015-06-01

Full Text Available In Brazil, more than 99% of malaria cases are reported in the Amazon, and the State of Amazonas accounts for 40% of this total. However, the accumulated experience and challenges in controlling malaria in this region in recent decades have not been reported. Throughout the first economic cycle during the rubber boom (1879 to 1912, malaria was recorded in the entire state, with the highest incidence in the villages near the Madeira River in the Southern part of the State of Amazonas. In the 1970s, during the second economic development cycle, the economy turned to the industrial sector and demanded a large labor force, resulting in a large migratory influx to the capital Manaus. Over time, a gradual increase in malaria transmission was observed in peri-urban areas. In the 1990s, the stimulation of agroforestry, particularly fish farming, led to the formation of permanent Anopheline breeding sites and increased malaria in settlements. The estimation of environmental impacts and the planning of measures to mitigate them, as seen in the construction of the Coari-Manaus gas pipeline, proved effective. Considering the changes occurred since the Amsterdam Conference in 1992, disease control has been based on early diagnosis and treatment, but the development of parasites that are resistant to major antimalarial drugs in Brazilian Amazon has posed a new challenge. Despite the decreased lethality and the gradual decrease in the number of malaria cases, disease elimination, which should be associated with government programs for economic development in the region, continues to be a challenge.

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar na Comunidade São João, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil Epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis in São João, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

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Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil, o grau de exposição dos indivíduos à leishmaniose está relacionado aos processos de ocupação desordenada. Para avaliar fatores predisponentes à gênese do surto, confirmar o diagnóstico parasitológico, tratar os doentes, avaliar agentes etiológicos, reservatórios e transmissores, realizou-se um estudo em Manaus, numa comunidade localizada no Km 4 da BR-174, durante 12 meses. Atendeu-se 451 indivíduos, dos quais foram diagnosticados 17 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Seis pacientes eram mulheres e 11 homens. A idade variou de um a 64 anos. Onze pacientes tinham entre uma e três lesões. Em relação aos reservatórios, três marsupiais foram capturados. Não foram encontrados hemoflagelados nos exames realizados. Dentre os insetos capturados, Lutzomyia umbratilis foi a espécie predominante. Grande parte dos pacientes de leishmaniose tegumentar americana tem atividades que os expõem aos vetores da Leishmania. Um grupo de pacientes foi infectado possivelmente no intra/peridomicílio. O perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana nessa comunidade é semelhante àquele observado em outros focos na região. Com essa casuística, a leishmaniose tegumentar americana é caracterizada como endêmica e como um problema de saúde pública local.In Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, the degree of individual exposure to leishmaniasis is related to disorganized land occupation. In order to evaluate predisposing factors for an outbreak, confirm the parasitological diagnosis, treat patients, and assess etiological agents, reservoirs, and vectors, a 12-month study was conducted in Manaus in a community located along the BR-174 federal highway. Some 451 individuals were studied, among whom 17 cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL were diagnosed (six women and 11 men. Age varied from one to 64 years. Eleven patients had from one to three lesions. As for reservoirs, three opossums were

Characterization of sediments laid on Solimoes/Amazonas river flood plains, using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carneiro, Ana E.V.; Nascimento Filho, Virgilio F. do

1997-01-01

This paper proposes sediment analysis with high light elements fraction using dispersive energy X-ray fluorescence technique with radioisotopic excitation, The proposed procedure is based on the Fundamental Parameters for analytical elements (Z ≥ 13) evaluation, and coherent and incoherent scattered radiation for quantification of the light fraction of the matrix (Z < 13). Laid sediments samples on Solimoes/Amazonas river flood plains were analyzed, determining simultaneously the Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Sc, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Zr element concentrations, thus allowing chemical characterization and spatial variability, and some mineralogical and weathering sediments aspects. (author). 15 refs., 11 tabs

Protein requirements for Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) growth.

Science.gov (United States)

Carciofi, A C; Sanfilippo, L F; de-Oliveira, L D; do Amaral, P P; Prada, F

2008-06-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein requirements for hand-rearing Blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Forty hatchlings were fed semi-purified diets containing one of four (as-fed basis) protein levels: 13%, 18%, 23% and 28%. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with the initial weight of the nestling as the blocking factor and 10 parrots per protein level. Regression analysis was used to determine relationships between protein level and biometric measurements. The data indicated that 13% crude protein supported nestling growth with 18% being the minimum tested level required for maximum development. The optimal protein concentration for maximum weight gain was 24.4% (p = 0.08; r(2) = 0.25), tail length 23.7% (p = 0.09; r(2) = 0.19), wing length 23.0% (p = 0.07; r(2) = 0.17), tarsus length 21.3% (p = 0.06; r(2) = 0.10) and tarsus width 21.4% (p = 0.07; r(2) = 0.09). Tarsus measurements were larger in males (p < 0.05), indicating that sex must be considered when studying developing psittacines. These results were obtained using a highly digestible protein and a diet with moderate metabolizable energy levels.

[Detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the city of Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

Cuéllar-Jiménez, María Elena; Velásquez-Escobar, Olga Lucía; González-Obando, Ranulfo; Morales-Reichmann, Carlos Andrés

2007-06-01

Aedes albopictus is the second most important dengue virus vector in the Asian southeast after Aedes aegypti. Its entrance into the Americas occurred in 1985, and laboratory studies performed show its potential as a vector in this continent as well. In Colombia, this species has been reported in Leticia (Amazonas) in 1998 and Buenaventura (Valle del Cauca) in 2001. The latest discoveries show that this mosquito continues to advance toward the country's interior. To inform that the presence of A. albopictus is documented in the city of Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Since 2002, weekly sampling has been performed using larval traps located at seventeen stations. The identification of the A. albopictus species, was carried out in the Unidad de Entomología, Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental. These identifications were confirmed in the Entomology Laboratory at Universidad del Valle and the National Institute of Health in Bogotá. From April to June of 2006, larvae of A. albopictus were found in six sampling stations located between northwest and northeast of Cali, one of them in the suburban area of the Yumbo city. The control of A. aegypti and A. albopictus must be integrated into a single program. The surveillance in the cities and nearest departments must be intensified with the objective of limiting the advancement of A. albopictus.

[Record of epidemiologically important Culicidae in the rural area of Manaus, Amazonas].

Science.gov (United States)

Barbosa, Maria das Graças Vale; Fé, Nelson Ferreira; Marcião, Alexandre Herculano Ribera; Silva, Ana Paula Thomé da; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Guerra, Marcus Vinitius de Farias; Guerra, Jorge Augusto de Oliveira

2008-01-01

The biodiversity of the Amazon region includes many species of arthropod vectors in different ecotopes, thus enabling occurrences of diseases like malaria, filariasis and arbovirosis. From August 2001 to July 2002, we gathered culicids from inside homes, from areas surrounding these homes and from forested areas of the São João Community, in the rural zone of Manaus, State of Amazonas. 1240 specimens were collected, belonging to the Culicinae (99%) and Anophelinae (1%) subfamilies, with 50 species. The Culicini tribe clearly predominated, with 904 specimens (72.9%), and the species Culex usquatus (22.6%) and Culex quinquefasciatus (17.7%) were prominent. Out of the total number of culicids, 1,077 (86.9%) were caught in the forests, 101 (8.1%) in the areas surrounding homes and 62 (5%) inside homes. Forests were the ecotope that presented the highest species diversity. The presence of Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles triannulatus, Aedes aegypti, Haemagogus janthinomys and other proven or potential vectors was recorded.

From drought to flooding: understanding the abrupt 2010–11 hydrological annual cycle in the Amazonas River and tributaries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Espinoza, Jhan Carlo; Ronchail, Josyane; Drapeau, Guillaume; Guyot, Jean Loup; Martinez, Jean Michel; Santini, William; Vauchel, Philippe; Espinoza, Raúl; Junquas, Clementine; Lavado, Waldo; Ordoñez, Julio

2012-01-01

In this work we document and analyze the hydrological annual cycles characterized by a rapid transition between low and high flows in the Amazonas River (Peruvian Amazon) and we show how these events, which may impact vulnerable riverside residents, are related to regional climate variability. Our analysis is based on comprehensive discharge, rainfall and average suspended sediment data sets. Particular attention is paid to the 2010–11 hydrological year, when an unprecedented abrupt transition from the extreme September 2010 drought (8300 m 3 s −1 ) to one of the four highest discharges in April 2011 (49 500 m 3 s −1 ) was recorded at Tamshiyacu (Amazonas River). This unusual transition is also observed in average suspended sediments. Years with a rapid increase in discharge are characterized by negative sea surface temperature anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific during austral summer, corresponding to a La Niña-like mode. It originates a geopotential height wave train over the subtropical South Pacific and southeastern South America, with a negative anomaly along the southern Amazon and the southeastern South Atlantic convergence zone region. As a consequence, the monsoon flux is retained over the Amazon and a strong convergence of humidity occurs in the Peruvian Amazon basin, favoring high rainfall and discharge. These features are also reported during the 2010–11 austral summer, when an intense La Niña event characterized the equatorial Pacific. (letter)

Characterization of sediments laid on Solimoes/Amazonas river flood plains, using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique; Caracterizacao dos sedimentos depositados nas planicies de inundacao do Rio Solimoes/Amazonas, utilizando a tecnica de fluorescencia de raios-X por dispersao de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carneiro, Ana E.V. [Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Nascimento Filho, Virgilio F. do [Sao Paulo Univ., Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz]|[Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil)

1997-10-01

This paper proposes sediment analysis with high light elements fraction using dispersive energy X-ray fluorescence technique with radioisotopic excitation, The proposed procedure is based on the Fundamental Parameters for analytical elements (Z {>=} 13) evaluation, and coherent and incoherent scattered radiation for quantification of the light fraction of the matrix (Z < 13). Laid sediments samples on Solimoes/Amazonas river flood plains were analyzed, determining simultaneously the Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Sc, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Zr element concentrations, thus allowing chemical characterization and spatial variability, and some mineralogical and weathering sediments aspects. (author). 15 refs., 11 tabs.

PREVALENCIA DEL DOLOR LUMBAR DURANTE LA INFANCIAY LA ADOLESCENCIA. UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

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Inmaculada Calvo-Muñoz

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: El dolor lumbar en niños y adolescentes es un problema de salud frecuente y su presencia aumenta el riesgo de sufrir dolor lumbar en la edad adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la prevalencia del dolor lumbar en niños y adolescentes y evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Metodos: Se efectuó una revisión sistemática de estudios epidemiológicos observacionales. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline, PEDro, IME, LILACS y CINAHL, rastreo manual y consulta con expertos. La selección de los estudios incluyó resultados con tasas de prevalencia de la muestra. Debían estar publicados o realizados entre los años 1980 y 2011, que el tamaño de la muestra fuera al menos de 50 sujetos, con 18 años de edad o menos, de ambos sexos y de cualquier etnia. Las variables moderadoras de los estudios fueron codificadas por dos de los autores. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de distribución de frecuencias, porcentajes, recuento de casos y cálculos de medianas para las tasas de prevalencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 59 artículos. La edad media de los sujetos estudiados fue de 13,56 años, y el 51,15% eran varones. Las medianas de las prevalencias de lumbalgia puntual, de período y de vida fueron respectivamente de 13,60%, 24,75% y 38,50% . Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la lumbalgia aumenta con la edad. El sexo influye en las tasas de prevalencia. La falta de definición y delimitación del dolor lumbar y de especificaciones como frecuencia, duración, e intensidad del dolor, son las deficiencias metodológicas más comunmente encontradas.

Inequidad en la utilización de servicios de salud reproductiva en Colombia en mujeres indígenas y afrodescendientes

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Camilo Noreña-Herrera

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen Se analizó la utilización de servicios de salud reproductiva (atención prenatal, parto y posparto, según la etnia de las mujeres, a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 2010 de Colombia. La etnia fue medida por auto- reconocimiento (indígenas, afrodescendientes y ninguna y se estimaron modelos logísticos para cada servicio. Encontramos que, respecto a quienes no pertenecen a ninguna etnia, la utilización de servicios de salud reproductiva es menor en las mujeres indígenas y afrodescendientes. En los modelos de regresión se encontró que mujeres indígenas tienen menores posibilidades de un número adecuado de controles prenatales (OR = 0,61, así como también afrodescendientes. Igual situación para la atención institucional del parto: indígenas (OR = 0,33, afrodescendientes (OR = 0,60; y en control posparto: indígenas (OR = 0,80, afrodescendientes (OR = 0,80. En conclusión, existen inequidades en la utilización de servicios de salud reproductiva en las mujeres de grupos étnicos de Colombia que deben ser atendidas con estrategias gubernamentales que garanticen el derecho a la salud.

Radioactive background of Granito Madeira, north Amazonas, Brazil

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Moura, Vanderlei; Pereira, Claubia; Martins, Agnaldo Kenji, E-mail: vandermoura@gmail.com, E-mail: claubia@nuclear.ufmg.br, E-mail: amartins@mtaboca.com.br [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Departamento de Engenharia Nuclear; Mineracao Taboca S.A., Presidente Figueiredo, AM (Brazil)

2017-11-01

Naturally occurring radionuclides, such as the uranium and thorium decay chains, are present in rocks and soils. But its distribution is not homogeneous: it depends on the type of rock being that those of volcanic origin have higher concentrations of uranium and thorium. These are NORM. Locations with NORM present higher dose rates than the world average. Thus, the determination of the natural radioactivity of a NORM region is of extreme importance since it provides data for the estimation of human exposure to natural radiation. In addition, if there is a mining company exploring NORM, the background radiation estimation should be considered in the decommissioning and future planning. There are places in Brazil, such as Granito Madeira in the state of Amazonas, in the north of Brazil, where NORM is present. It is an extremely remote area located within the Amazon Forest currently in the process of open cast mining. In this study, the iodide scintillator detector was used to measure and map the natural background radiation of the Granito Madeira using a scintillator detector of sodium iodide that was transported in tracks within the forest. The data obtained were georeferenced, classified and used to obtain the annual dose related to gamma radiation. The results are presented in frequency histograms and maps. The annual average was (6.0 ± 3.0) mSv.y{sup -1}. These data were compared to those available from other regions with NORM in Brazil and the 2010 UNSCEAR report. (author)

Radioactive background of Granito Madeira, north Amazonas, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moura, Vanderlei; Pereira, Claubia; Martins, Agnaldo Kenji

2017-01-01

Naturally occurring radionuclides, such as the uranium and thorium decay chains, are present in rocks and soils. But its distribution is not homogeneous: it depends on the type of rock being that those of volcanic origin have higher concentrations of uranium and thorium. These are NORM. Locations with NORM present higher dose rates than the world average. Thus, the determination of the natural radioactivity of a NORM region is of extreme importance since it provides data for the estimation of human exposure to natural radiation. In addition, if there is a mining company exploring NORM, the background radiation estimation should be considered in the decommissioning and future planning. There are places in Brazil, such as Granito Madeira in the state of Amazonas, in the north of Brazil, where NORM is present. It is an extremely remote area located within the Amazon Forest currently in the process of open cast mining. In this study, the iodide scintillator detector was used to measure and map the natural background radiation of the Granito Madeira using a scintillator detector of sodium iodide that was transported in tracks within the forest. The data obtained were georeferenced, classified and used to obtain the annual dose related to gamma radiation. The results are presented in frequency histograms and maps. The annual average was (6.0 ± 3.0) mSv.y"-"1. These data were compared to those available from other regions with NORM in Brazil and the 2010 UNSCEAR report. (author)

Los dererchos humanos de las etnias indígenas en colombia

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Javier Ignacio Niño Cubillos

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de los mecanismos de protección de los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas exige un desarrollo epistemológico que permita reconocer su carácter pluriétnico y multicultural. Invita a una reflexión de las posturas occidentales del individualismo liberal y de los derechos colectivos en relación con los DH. Este desarrollo normativo parte de un momento histórico específico y plantea el carácter ambiguo de la globalización, ya que la homogenización cultural necesaria para la permeabilidad de los mercados factura la emergencia de los pueblos indígenas en defensa de sus identidades Este escenario se ilustra desde distintas aristas del caso colombiano, comenzando con el limbo legal de la Jurisdicción Especial Indígena hasta la manera diferenciada como las comunidades indígenas responden al conflicto armado o demandan políticas públicas que garanticen sus derechos

Uranium isotopes in groundwater occurring at Amazonas State, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luiz da Silva, Márcio; Bonotto, Daniel Marcos

2015-01-01

This paper reports the behavior of the dissolved U-isotopes 238 U and 234 U in groundwater providing from 15 cities in Amazonas State, Brazil. The isotope dilution technique accompanied by alpha spectrometry were utilized for acquiring the U content and 234 U/ 238 U activity ratio (AR) data, 0.01–1.4 µg L −1 and 1.0–3.5, respectively. These results suggest that the water is circulating in a reducing environment and leaching strata containing minerals with low uranium concentration. A tendency to increasing ARs values following the groundwater flow direction is identified in Manaus city. The AR also increases according to the SW–NE directions: Uarini→Tefé; Manacapuru→Manaus; Presidente Figueiredo→São Sebastião do Uatumã; and Boa Vista do Ramos→Parintins. Such trends are possibly related to several factors, among them the increasing acid character of the waters. The waters analyzed are used for human consumption and the highest dissolved U content is much lower than the maximum established by the World Health Organization. Therefore, in view of this radiological parameter they can be used for drinking purposes. - Highlights: • U-isotopes data in important aquifer systems in Amazon area. • Application of the U-isotopes data to investigate the groundwater flow direction. • Evaluation of the drinking-water quality in terms of dissolved uranium

Phylogeny of Amazona barbadensis and the Yellow-headed Amazon complex (Aves: Psittacidae): a new look at South American parrot evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Urantówka, Adam Dawid; Mackiewicz, Paweł; Strzała, Tomasz

2014-01-01

The Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) is the sole parrot of the genus Amazona that inhabits only dry forests. Its population has been dropping; therefore it has been the topic of many studies and conservation efforts. However, the phylogenetic relationship of this species to potential relatives classified within the Yellow-Headed Amazon (YHA) complex are still not clear. Therefore, we used more extensive data sets, including the newly sequenced mitochondrial genome of A. barbadensis, to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Various combinations of genes and many phylogenetic approaches showed that A. barbadensis clustered significantly with A. ochrocephala ochrocephala from Colombia and Venezuela, which created the Northern South American (NSA) lineage, clearly separated from two other lineages within the YHA complex, the Central (CA) and South American (SA). Tree topology tests and exclusion of rapidly evolving sites provided support for a NSA+SA grouping. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the YHA complex and its colonization of the American mainland. The NSA lineage likely represents the most ancestral lineage, which derived from Lesser Antillean Amazons and colonized the northern coast of Venezuela about a million years ago. Then, Central America was colonized through the Isthmus of Panama, which led to the emergence of the CA lineage. The southward expansion to South America and the origin of the SA lineage happened almost simultaneously. However, more intensive or prolonged gene flow or migrations have led to much weaker geographic differentiation of genetic markers in the SA than in the CA lineage.

RECURSOS VEGETALES Y PRÁCTICAS ALIMENTARIAS ENTRE INDÍGENAS TAPIETE DEL NORESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE SALTA, ARGENTINA

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María Cecilia Montani

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se identifican las especies vegetales y sus partes empleadas en las prácticas alimentarias de los indígenas tapiete del noreste de la provincia de Salta, Argentina, así como sus formas de recolección, elaboración, consumo y almacenamiento. La finalidad última de este trabajo es contribuir a la apreciación y registro de los conocimientos del pueblo tapiete sobre estos aspectos de su cultura. Se efectuaron cinco campañas al Chaco semiárido norte y a la ciudad de Tartagal, donde se obtuvieron los datos etnobotánicos a partir de 75 entrevistas realizadas a un total de 32 colaboradores tapiete calificados y ocasionales. Cada una de las plantas alimenticias indicadas fue colectada e identificada por los autores y depositadas en el Herbario Ruiz Leal (MERL. Se registra un total de 54 plantas nativas, pertenecientes a 23 familias botánicas, empleadas como alimento por los tapiete en 106 preparaciones culinarias o formas de consumo y 13 formas de conservación. Las principales especies en su alimentación son Anisocapparis speciosa, Prosopis aff. elata y Prosopis alba con seis usos cada una y Ziziphus mistol, Geoffroea decorticans y Funastrum clausum con cuatro aplicaciones. La mayoría de estos usos (55%; 59 no incluyen preparación alguna -se consumen crudos-, el 21 % (22 se consumen cocidos (hervidos o asados, mientras que sus usos en bebidas, condimentos y harinas representan una minoría de las aplicaciones (24%; 25. Se registra por vez primera el consumo alimenticio de las hojas de Passiflora mooreana y de P. cincinatta por etnias del Gran Chaco.

From "flowery hell" to the hope of sanitation: Science, Nature, and Health in the State of Amazonas during Brazilian First Republic (1890-1930

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Nísia Trindade Lima

2010-01-01

Full Text Available In the first two decades of the 20th century, publications of Euclides da Cunha, Alberto Rangel and Carlos Chagas about the Amazon presented from different perspectives a critique of what they considered unrealistic visions originated in the travel accounts of naturalists of 18th and 19th centuries. Alternatively, they proposed the analysis of the region from the perspective of new scientific knowledge, which included several areas - from geology to tropical medicine. Recent studies have indicated the need for more research on the institutions and local scientific practices, both in the development of ideas about the region and the definition of public policies. This article is proposed on this perspective, to reflect on the different ideas that were built by the medical-scientific thought about Nature and Society in the state of Amazonas during the Brazilian First Republic, when the rise and decline of the Amazonian rubber was experienced. It is understood that local physicians actively participated in scientific discussions related to tropical medicine, and put into practice the main theses about control and prevention of endemic diseases like malaria and yellow fever. This set of ideas and practices contributed to the definition of sanitation of the city of Manaus and the hinterland of state of Amazonas.

Mansonella ozzardi in the municipality of Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil, 60 years after the first report: an epidemiologic study

OpenAIRE

Medeiros,Jansen Fernandes; Rodrigues,Moreno Souza; Katsuragawa,Tony Hiroshi; Costa,Cristóvão Alves; Pessoa,Felipe Arley Costa

2014-01-01

The prevalence of mansonelliasis was studied in the municipality of Tefé, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The prevalence (thick blood smear method) was 13.6% (147/1,078), higher in the Solimões River region (16.3%) than in the Tefé River region (6.3%). In the sampled communities in the Solimões River region, a higher density of cases was observed, as indicated by a kernel analysis (odds ratio 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.57). Males had a higher prevalence (χ2 = 31...

Distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, and subtype C identification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cunha, L.K.H.; Kashima, S.; Amarante, M.F.C.; Haddad, R.; Rodrigues, E.S.; Silva, K.L.T.; Lima, T.A.; Castro, D.B.; Brito, F.C.; Almeida, E.G.; Covas, D.T.; Malheiro, A.

2012-01-01

Few studies have reported the molecular epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 in the Northern region of Brazil. The present study reports the molecular and epidemiological characterization of 31 HIV-1 isolates from blood donors from the State of Amazonas who donated blood between April 2006 and March 2007. Serum/plasma samples from all donors were screened for HIV antibodies by ELISA and the results confirmed by Western blot analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat using the Super Quik-Gene-DNA Isolation kit. Nested PCR was performed on the env, gag, and pol regions of HIV-1 using the Gene Amp PCR System 9700. Sequencing reactions were performed using the inner PCR primers and the DYEnamic™ ET Dye Terminator Kit, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the gag, pol, and env gene sequences. We collected samples from 31 blood donors who tested positive for HIV-1 in confirmatory experiments. The male:female ratio of blood donors was 3.4:1, and the mean age was 32.4 years (range: 19 to 61 years). Phylogenetic analysis showed that subtype B is the most prevalent among Northern Brazilian HIV-1-seropositive blood donors. One HIV-1 subtype C and one circulating recombinant form (CRF-BF) of HIV-1 were identified in the State of Amazonas. This is the first study showing the occurrence of a possible “homogenous” subtype C in this region of Brazil. This finding could contribute to a better characterization of the HIV-1 strains that circulate in the country. Key words: HIV-1; Subtypes; Phylogenetic analysis; Blood donors; Molecular and epidemiological characterization

Distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, and subtype C identification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, L.K.H. [Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM (Brazil); Kashima, S.; Amarante, M.F.C.; Haddad, R.; Rodrigues, E.S. [Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP (Brazil); Silva, K.L.T.; Lima, T.A.; Castro, D.B.; Brito, F.C.; Almeida, E.G. [Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa,Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, AM (Brazil); Covas, D.T. [Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP (Brazil); Malheiro, A. [Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM (Brazil); Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa,Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, AM (Brazil)

2012-01-20

Few studies have reported the molecular epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 in the Northern region of Brazil. The present study reports the molecular and epidemiological characterization of 31 HIV-1 isolates from blood donors from the State of Amazonas who donated blood between April 2006 and March 2007. Serum/plasma samples from all donors were screened for HIV antibodies by ELISA and the results confirmed by Western blot analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat using the Super Quik-Gene-DNA Isolation kit. Nested PCR was performed on the env, gag, and pol regions of HIV-1 using the Gene Amp PCR System 9700. Sequencing reactions were performed using the inner PCR primers and the DYEnamic™ ET Dye Terminator Kit, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the gag, pol, and env gene sequences. We collected samples from 31 blood donors who tested positive for HIV-1 in confirmatory experiments. The male:female ratio of blood donors was 3.4:1, and the mean age was 32.4 years (range: 19 to 61 years). Phylogenetic analysis showed that subtype B is the most prevalent among Northern Brazilian HIV-1-seropositive blood donors. One HIV-1 subtype C and one circulating recombinant form (CRF-BF) of HIV-1 were identified in the State of Amazonas. This is the first study showing the occurrence of a possible “homogenous” subtype C in this region of Brazil. This finding could contribute to a better characterization of the HIV-1 strains that circulate in the country. Key words: HIV-1; Subtypes; Phylogenetic analysis; Blood donors; Molecular and epidemiological characterization.

Endocarditis due to Lactobacillus jensenii in a Salvin's Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis salvini).

Science.gov (United States)

Foldenauer, Ulrike; Rusch, Martina; Simova-Curd, Stefka; Nitzl, Dagmar; Hoop, Richard K; Hatt, Jean-Michel

2009-02-01

A 30-year-old Salvin's Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis salvini) with a history of a lifelong poor diet and inappropriate housing was presented in lateral recumbency to a veterinary teaching hospital for further evaluation. Radiological and ultrasonographic examination revealed a mild proventricular dilatation, mild hepatomegaly, signs of enteritis and airsacculitis. The main laboratory findings included a mild macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, decreased bile acids and increased alkaline phosphatase. In this bird a liver pathology was suspected because of the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. The bird was treated with supportive care and metabolic aids. After initial improvement of the clinical signs, the bird's condition deteriorated and it died. Pathological findings revealed an endocarditis and myocarditis due to Lactobacillus jensenii and a bacteraemia. Endocarditis due to Lactobacillus sp. is a rare phenomenon in humans not yet described in animals. It is associated with severe underlying illnesses leading to translocation of otherwise non-pathogenic bacteria in the bloodstream. A similar pattern might be assumed in animals with compromised immunity.

Avaliação da eficiência nutricional e economica de dietas para papagaios verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) em cativeiro

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Lucio de Oliveira e [UNESP

2016-01-01

O papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva), pertencente à família Psittacidae, é uma ave que ocorre em toda a América do Sul, sendo considerado uma das aves mais comuns do Brasil. Pouco se conhece sobre a nutrição dos psitacídeos, e no caso dos papagaios a alimentação em cativeiro tem sido feita de maneira empírica, baseando na sua preferência e nos hábitos alimentares na natureza. O estudo envolveu ensaio de metabolismo com o objetivo de determinar o consumo voluntário e o aproveitamento dos nu...

Paca (Agouti paca and Agouti (Dasyprocta spp. - Minili-vestock Production in the Amazonas State of Venezuela : 1. Biology

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Govoni, G.

2001-01-01

Full Text Available In response to increasing human population pressure in the Amazonas State of Venezuela greater attention is being given to the "minilivestock" production of the wild rodents paca (Agouti paca, and agouti (Dasyprocta spp as sources of food and income and to reduce the risk of their possible extinction. In preparation for the increased farming of these rodents, this paper reviews published material on their characteristics, distribution, habitat, conservation status, behaviour, reproductive parameters and nutrition. It is concluded that the two rodents paca and agouti, have characteristics that justify greater investment in their domestication and farmed production, although and behavioural issues and reproductive limits need further research.

CONCENTRACIONES PLASMÁTICAS DE 25-OH-VITAMINA D EN SANGRE DE CORDÓN UMBILICAL TRAS LOS MESES DE VERANO

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Cristina Manzano Varo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los niveles de vitamina D (25(OHD del recién nacido dependen de los depósitos maternos. En los últimos años se han publicado estudios que muestran una elevada prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas, viéndose en algunos diferencias estacionales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los valores de 25(OHD en sangre de cordón después de los meses de verano y determinar su relación con diferentes variables. Métodos: Se seleccionó a 103 mujeres en el momento del parto durante los meses de octubre, noviembre y principios de diciembre, cuyas gestaciones tuvieron lugar durante meses de máxima exposición solar. Se determinaron las concentraciones de 25(OHD en sangre de cordón umbilical y se recogieron datos perinatales, ingesta de vitamina D y calcio y exposición solar mediante cuestionario. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el programa SPSS. Las comparaciones se realizaron mediante test de Kruskal- Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney, aplicando corrección por comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni. Se consideró estadísticamente significativa una p<0,05 y de 0,0083 para comparaciones múltiples. Resultados: El valor medio de 25(OHD en sangre de cordón fue 12,36±7,2 ng/ml. El 83,4% de las mujeres presentaron niveles deficitarios. Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles bajos de vitamina D y la baja ingesta de vitamina D (coeficiente de correlación 0,29; la etnia, presentando el valor más alto la etnia caucásica (17,9 ± 5,83 ng/ml y el menor la etnia indopakistaní (6,68 ± 4,2 ng/ml; el uso de indumentaria tradicional (5,64 ± 3,09 ng/ml; la baja exposición solar y el fototipo cutáneo oscuro con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,67 y -0,48 respectivamente. Conclusiones: Existe una elevada prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en sangre de cordón umbilical independiente de la exposición solar. Se observó una correlación entre niveles bajos de

Selección de genotipos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L. con resistencia a escoba de bruja (Moniliophthora perniciosa en Los Ríos, Ecuador

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Omar Miguel Tarqui Freire

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El Programa de Mejoramiento del Cacao y el Café en el INIAP EET-Pichilingue ha estado estudiando, durante varios años, los genotipos de cacao más altos (Theobroma cacao L. caracterizados por la resistencia genética a las principales enfermedades, especialmente la escoba de brujas (Moniliophthora perniciosa Factor limitante para su cultivo en varios países de América Central y del Sur. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar y seleccionar los clones de cacao con una baja incidencia de la enfermedad de la escoba de brujas. Se probaron 21 genotipos (14 resultantes de Amazonas x Amazonas y (4 de Amazonas x Cruces Nacionales. Entre la población derivada de cruces nacionales vs. nacionales, no se encontraron genotipos mostrando resistencia a la enfermedad. Además, se seleccionó INIAPT 074 del cruce entre CCN 51 x B 60 y TIP 1 y TAP 6 como clones de control. Se evaluaron las siguientes características: Número de mazorcas sanas (MS, Peso fresco (PF, Número de mazorcas enfermas (ME, Número de escobas vegetativas (EBveg, Número de escobas portadoras (EBcojin y Número de chirimoyas. Un análisis de componentes principales y un análisis de conglomerados se realizaron utilizando el método de Ward y se construyó un dendrograma para determinar la similitud entre las características productivas y sanitarias. Se determinó que los genotipos resultantes del cruce amazónico x amazónico: INIAPT 527, INIAPT 560 e INIAPT 526 presentaron menor incidencia de escobas y se identificaron como fuentes de resistencia genética a Moniliophthora perniciosa.

Sinopsis del mundo Piro: Ética y estética en el arte Piro. Modificaciones en las estructuras de parentesco Piro durante el auge del caucho (1885-1915. Los asentamientos Piros y la persistencia de su identidad

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Luis Román Villanueva

1985-12-01

Full Text Available Los tres artículos que a continuación presentamos tienen como objeto detallar tres aspectos fundamentales de la cultura Piro. Este grupo etno-linguistico, pertenece a la familia Arahuaca, al igual que los Campa, Machiguenga y Amuesha, se ubica principalmente en las riberas del río Urubamba perteneciente al distrito de Echarate, Provincia de la Convención, Departamento del Cusco y el Distrito de Sepahua, Provincia de Atalaya, Departamento de Ucayali. La población estimada para este grupo es de 1600 habitantes (Wise, M.R. 1972 que se distribuye en 12 comunidades nativas, de las cuales la mitad están tituladas por el Estado peruano. Sobre este grupo existe regular bibliografía principalmente en lo referido a lingüística, relatos de viajeros y misioneros de diversas órdenes y en menor escala trabajos etnográficos y etno-históricos. En esta serie de artículos los autores pretenden una aproximación en detalle para profundizar el conocimiento que de esta etnia se tiene. Para ello utilizaremos los trabajos anteriores a los cuales sumaremos nuestras notas y apreciaciones recogidas durante cuatro años de trabajo en la zona. El primer artículo de L. Komán pretende explicar la relación entre lo ideológico y lo estético para lo cual se remite a la mitología y las manifestaciones estéticas del grupo piro. En el segundo artículo el mismo autor señala una transformación estructural en el sistema de parentesco piro durante el auge de la explotación del caucho, dando lugar a una variación del modelo original, que garantiza la reproducción biológica y cultural del grupo. El artículo final de V. de Szyzslo describe la forma cómo cada una de las familias de la comunidad pira de Miaría, en el Urubamba, dispone del espacio para la construcción de sus viviendas y locales comunales. Los tres artículos, por lo tanto son complementarios para obtener una visión en detalle de los aspectos ideológicos, socio-políticos y tecnológicos q u

DOSAGEM DE METABÓLITOS DE GLUCOCORTICOIDES E PROGESTERONA EM FEZES DE PAPAGAIO-VERDADEIRO (AMAZONA AESTIVA

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Caroline Junko Fujihara

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The objectives of the present study were to evaluate fecal concentrations of metabolites of glucocorticoids, measured by enzyme immunoassay with a cortisol antibody and by radioimmunoassay with a corticosterone antibody, and progesterone by radioimmunoassay with a progesterone antibody in blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva after ACTH challenge. The adrenal stimulation with ACTH (25 UI/animal resulted in an increase of fecal glucocorticoids metabolites concentration, but it did not affect the concentrations of fecal progesterone metabolites. Although there were no synchronized peaks of glucocorticoid metabolites excretion measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, there were two peaks of excretion, one at 2-4 hours and other at 8-10 hours. Despite the occurrence of peaks, the analysis of fecal glucocorticoids metabolites and progesterone metabolites showed no effect of group (control and treatment, moment (hours of sampling and sex.

A locally funded Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata genome sequencing project increases avian data and advances young researcher education

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Oleksyk Taras K

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Amazona vittata is a critically endangered Puerto Rican endemic bird, the only surviving native parrot species in the United States territory, and the first parrot in the large Neotropical genus Amazona, to be studied on a genomic scale. Findings In a unique community-based funded project, DNA from an A. vittata female was sequenced using a HiSeq Illumina platform, resulting in a total of ~42.5 billion nucleotide bases. This provided approximately 26.89x average coverage depth at the completion of this funding phase. Filtering followed by assembly resulted in 259,423 contigs (N50 = 6,983 bp, longest = 75,003 bp, which was further scaffolded into 148,255 fragments (N50 = 19,470, longest = 206,462 bp. This provided ~76% coverage of the genome based on an estimated size of 1.58 Gb. The assembled scaffolds allowed basic genomic annotation and comparative analyses with other available avian whole-genome sequences. Conclusions The current data represents the first genomic information from and work carried out with a unique source of funding. This analysis further provides a means for directed training of young researchers in genetic and bioinformatics analyses and will facilitate progress towards a full assembly and annotation of the Puerto Rican parrot genome. It also adds extensive genomic data to a new branch of the avian tree, making it useful for comparative analyses with other avian species. Ultimately, the knowledge acquired from these data will contribute to an improved understanding of the overall population health of this species and aid in ongoing and future conservation efforts.

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE PLASMA LIPID PROFILE IN HISPANIOLAN AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA VENTRALIS) WITH NATURALLY OCCURRING HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA.

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Gustavsen, Kate A; Stanhope, Kimber L; Lin, Amy S; Graham, James L; Havel, Peter J; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2016-09-01

Hypercholesterolemia is common in psittacines, and Amazon parrots ( Amazona spp.) are particularly susceptible. Associations have been demonstrated between naturally occurring and experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in psittacines. Daily exercise improves lipid metabolism in humans and other mammals, as well as pigeons and chickens, under varying experimental conditions. Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) with naturally occurring hypercholesterolemia (343-576 mg/dl) were divided into two groups. An exercised group (n = 8) was housed as a flock and exercised daily with 30 min of aviary flight and 30 min walking on a rotating perch. A sedentary control group (n = 4) was housed in individual cages with no exercise regime. A plasma lipid panel, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, was validated for this species. Body weight, chest girth, and the lipid panel were measured at 0, 61, and 105 days. Hematology and plasma biochemistry were measured at 0 and 105 days. Weight and girth were significantly lower in exercised than sedentary parrots at 61 and 105 days. HDL-C concentrations were significantly higher in exercised parrots at 61 days but returned to near baseline by 105 days. There were no significant changes in hematology, biochemistry, or other lipid panel parameters. Results were similar to studies in humans and animal models, in which increased HDL-C was the most consistent effect of exercise on circulating lipid and lipoprotein parameters. The return toward baseline HDL-C may have resulted from decreased participation in aviary flight. Additional investigation will be required to determine the amount of exercise and change in circulating lipid-related parameters necessary to improve long-term wellness in psittacine species predisposed to hypercholesterolemia.

Chlorococcales (Algee: Chlorophyceae found in aquatic environments of the Colombian Amazon basin Chlorococcales (Algee: Chlorophyceae found in aquatic environments of the Colombian Amazon basin

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Núñez Avellaneda Marcela

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Ten taxa of algae belonging to the order Chlorococcales are recorded for the first time from the Colombian Amazon basin. Two of these, Nephrocytium limneticum and Sorastrum americanum var. americanum, are recorded for the first time in Colombia.Se registran por primera vez para la Amazonia colombiana 10 taxones de Chlorococcales del fitoplancton y ticoplancton encontrados en algunos lagos del río Amazonas y del río Cotuhé, afluente del río Putumayo. Nephrocytium limneticum y Sorastrum americanum varo americanum son primeros registros para Colombia.

Experiencia Educacional en Paraguay.

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Mari Blanca Pavon.

Full Text Available La experiencia educacional que presentaré concierne al grupo indígena de los guaraníes del Paraguay que se autodenominan Karaguy  jara, que quiere decir  "dueños del monte". También se denominan Avá chiiripá. Esta etnia vive en la región oriental del Paraguay. en un triángulo que se extiende hacia el Brasil. En este mismo sector viven también los Paitauytera, los Mbya y los llamados Ache o Guayaki o Atchi. Se supone .que existen alrededor de 4.500 Avá Chiripá en la región oriental del Paraguay. Viven en pequeñas comunidades y han perdido su hábitat selvático natural casi en su totalidad.

Diversity and distribution of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae in a military area in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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Luís Henrique Monteiro Gomes

2013-08-01

Full Text Available This study reports the distribution, ecotopes and fauna diversity of sandflies captured in five training bases on a military reserve in Manaus, state of Amazonas (AM. A total of 10,762 specimens were collected, which were distributed among 58 species, with the highest number recorded at Base Instruction 1 (BI1. A higher rate of species richness was found at the Base Instruction Boina Rajada and low levels of diversity associated with a high abundance index with the clear dominance of Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia ruii and Lutzomyia anduzei were found at BI1. The abundance of Lu. umbratilis raises the possibility of outbreaks of American cutaneous leishmaniasis by the main vector of the disease in AM.

Diversity and distribution of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in a military area in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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Gomes, Luís Henrique Monteiro; Albuquerque, Maria Ivonei Carvalho; da Rocha, Liliane Coelho; Pinheiro, Francimeire Gomes; Franco, Antonia Maria Ramos

2013-01-01

This study reports the distribution, ecotopes and fauna diversity of sandflies captured in five training bases on a military reserve in Manaus, state of Amazonas (AM). A total of 10,762 specimens were collected, which were distributed among 58 species, with the highest number recorded at Base Instruction 1 (BI1). A higher rate of species richness was found at the Base Instruction Boina Rajada and low levels of diversity associated with a high abundance index with the clear dominance of Lutzomyia umbratilis, Lutzomyia ruii and Lutzomyia anduzei were found at BI1. The abundance of Lu. umbratilis raises the possibility of outbreaks of American cutaneous leishmaniasis by the main vector of the disease in AM. PMID:23903983

La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. Tercera parte: Feekaje “Pava” (Penelope jacquacu

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Aniceto Nejedeka

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Texto bilingüe muinane-español sobre el ave feekaje, “pava” (Penelope jacquacu, elaborado por Aniceto Nejedeka a partir del conocimiento de los mayores de la etnia muinane. Este texto es la tercera parte de un libro que hemos venido publicando por fascículos, titulado La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. El muinane es una lengua de la familia lingüística bora.

Multifragment alleles in DNA fingerprints of the parrot, Amazona ventralis

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Brock, M.K.; White, B.N.

1991-01-01

Human DNA probes that identify variable numbers of tandem repeat loci are being used to generate DNA fingerprints in many animal and plant species. In most species the majority of the sc rable autoradiographic bands of the DNA fingerprint represent alleles from numerous unlinked loci. This study was initiated to use DNA fingerprints to determine the amount of band-sharing among captive Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis) with known genetic relationships. This would form the data base to examine DNA fingerprints of the closely related and endangered Puerto Rican parrot (A. vittata) and to estimate the degree of inbreeding in the relic population. We found by segregation analysis of the bands scored in the DNA fingerprints of the Hispaniolan parrots that there may be as few as two to five loci identified by the human 33.15 probe. Furthermore, at one locus we identified seven alleles, one of which is represented by as many as 19 cosegregating bands. It is unknown how common multiband alleles might be in natural populations, and their existence will cause problems in the assessment of relatedness by band-sharing analysis. We believe, therefore, that a pedigree analysis should be included in all DNA fingerprinting studies, where possible, in order to estimate the number of loci identified by a minisatellite DNA probe and to examine the nature of their alleles.

La preparación de los estudiantes en formación para la prevención del maltrato

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Adienne Albite González

2017-05-01

Full Text Available La diversidad cultural que existe en la ELAM, trae consigo costumbres en los estudiantes que puedan reflejar en su modo de actuación cotidiano, manifestaciones para ellos no trascendentales como es el maltrato a otros, el abuso de poder, la supremacía del sexo, la raza, las etnias, la subestimación, entre otras formas, en algunos casos siendo ellos víctimas actuales o haberlo sufrido con anterioridad. En intercambio con los profesores que atienden el trabajo educativo, expresaron que existen estudiantes que reflejan abuso a quienes consideran inferiores prevaleciendo los casos del hombre sobre la mujer, obligándolas a tener sexo, a realizar trabajos de higiene o de cocina, a personas con orientación sexual no acorde para ellos y a practicantes de otras religiones o de otras regiones. Las acciones han sido desde maltratos leves de ofensas hasta acciones violentas con agresiones físicas. Esta situación conlleva a la necesidad de preparar a los estudiantes en el respeto a la diversidad y al derecho común, formando valores que cumplan a diario desde sus relaciones interpersonales y en sus funciones como futuros profesionales de la salud, implicando que no practiquen el maltrato y que aprendan a prevenirlo. Se utilizaron los métodos histórico-lógicos, deducción-inducción y análisis documental. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo: Proponer un conjunto de acciones que contribuya a la preparación de los profesionales de la salud en formación para la prevención del maltrato. Se desarrollará con los estudiantes de premédico y el trabajo interdisciplinar se tributará a las Ciencias Básicas con la asignatura de Pre-vención y promoción de salud.

Jóvenes e indios en el México contemporáneo

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Maritza Urteaga Castro Pozo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Una revisión de la literatura etnográfica sobre los pueblos indios de México entre los años cincuentas y noventas del siglo pasado permite observar que el tema de los jóvenes y las jóvenes indígenas no ha sido central en la investigación antropológica. Los últimos años registran cambios en la cantidad y calidad de los estudios, cuyos resultados revelan la emergencia de algo que puede denominarse período juvenil entre la población étnica que habita tanto en los pueblos como en las ciudades contemporáneos. El estado del arte indaga la especificidad de la juventud que se está formando en los grupos étnicos rurales y en las denominadas etnias del desplazamiento -en sus condiciones sociales de emergencia y en las percepciones sociales indias sobre este segmento etario- desde el paradigma del agenciamiento juvenil, esto es, dando cuenta de las vidas de los jóvenes y de las jóvenes como experiencias de participación en la transición del ciclo de vida, más que como zonas de exclusión. Las dos primeras partes exponen críticamente los enfoques conceptuales usados (1 por la literatura clásica para invisibilizar al sujeto joven al interior de etnias que se conceptúan homogéneas, y (2 por la literatura reciente para visibilizarlo en los procesos de cambio e inconsistencia interna, los conflictos y contradicciones y su movilidad contemporánea. Las dos últimas profundizan en la particularidad de lo juvenil indígena rural y lo juvenil indígena migrante en la ciudad, marcando los avances y las tendencias teóricas en desarrollo.

Jóvenes e indios en el México contemporáneo

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Maritza Urteaga Castro Pozo

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Una revisión de la literatura etnográfica sobre los pueblos indios de México entre los años cincuentas y noventas del siglo pasado permite observar que el tema de los jóvenes y las jóvenes indígenas no ha sido central en la investigación antropológica. Los últimos años registran cambios en la cantidad y calidad de los estudios, cuyos resultados revelan la emergencia de algo que puede denominarse período juvenil entre la población étnica que habita tanto en los pueblos como en las ciudades contemporáneos. El estado del arte indaga la especificidad de la juventud que se está formando en los grupos étnicos rurales y en las denominadas etnias del desplazamiento -en sus condiciones sociales de emergencia y en las percepciones sociales indias sobre este segmento etario- desde el paradigma del agenciamiento juvenil, esto es, dando cuenta de las vidas de los jóvenes y de las jóvenes como experiencias de participación en la transición del ciclo de vida, más que como zonas de exclusión. Las dos primeras partes exponen críticamente los enfoques conceptuales usados (1 por la literatura clásica para invisibilizar al sujeto joven al interior de etnias que se conceptúan homogéneas, y (2 por la literatura reciente para visibilizarlo en los procesos de cambio e inconsistencia interna, los conflictos y contradicciones y su movilidad contemporánea. Las dos últimas profundizan en la particularidad de lo juvenil indígena rural y lo juvenil indígena migrante en la ciudad, marcando los avances y las tendencias teóricas en desarrollo.

Lutzomyia reducta Feliciangeli et al., 1988, a host of Leishmania amazonensis, sympatric with two other members of the Flaviscutellata complex in southern Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae Lutzomyia reducta Feliciangeli et al., 1988 um hospedeiro de Leishmania amazonensis, simpátrico com duas outras espécies do complexo flaviscutellata no sul do Amazonas e Rondônica, Brasil (Diptera: Psychodidae

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R. A. Freitas

1989-09-01

Full Text Available A member of the Lutzomyia flaviscutellata complex from Rondônia and southern Amazonas States, Brazil, is so close to the Venezuelan Lutzomyia olmeca recuta Feliciangeli et al., 1988, that it is regarded as belonging to the same species. Since this phlebotomine co-extis with L. olmeca nociva in Brazil, the subspecific status of the former is untenable and is rased to specific rank, as Lutzomyia reducta. The Brazilian material is described and illustrated, and compared with specimens of L. o. nociva and L. flaviscutellata from the same area. Keys to the known taxa of the flaviscutellata complex are presented. Leishmania amazonensis was isolated from one heavily infected specimen of L. reducta, making this the third species of the flaviscutellata complex to be implicated as a vector of this parasite in Brazil. The relative abundance of the three sympatric flaviscutellata complex species varies locally and appears to be related to soil drainage. L. reducta constituted about 25% if all phlebotomines captured in Disney traps at poorly drained and well drained site, but appears not to coloniza areas subject to periodic flooding. L. olmeca nociva was restricted to poorly drained areas not subject to flooding, whereas L. flaviscutellata was ubiquitous L. reducta has never been detected north of the Amazon river in Brazil, but absence of recosrds from western and northwestern Amazonas State may reflect lack of collecting in these areas.Um flebotomíneo do complexo Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, de Rondônia e sul do Amazonas, Brasil é tão parecido com Lutzomyia olmeca reducta, que é considerado como sendo da mesma espécie. Este flebotomíneo ocorre junto com L. olmeca nociva, portanto o nome é emendado para o nível de espécie, como Lutzomyia reducta. O material do Brasil é descrito e ilustrado, e comparado com exemplares de L. o. nociva e L. flaviscutellata da mesma área. Chaves para as espécies e subespécies do complexo flaviscutellata são inclu

Gêneros Textuais e formação de professores (PARFOR para o interior do Amazonas

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Paulo Vinícius Ávila Nóbrega

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O intuito deste artigo é mostrar duas propostas de produção de gêneros textuais escritos elaboradas por professores cursistas de uma disciplina do Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores de Educação Básica, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Os dados correspondem a projetos de aula com produção textual com gênero escrito ou oral entregues pelos cursistas como requisito de conclusão da disciplina. Estes projetos procuram ser baseados nas postulações da sequência didática de Schneuwly e Dolz (2007 e no método dos descritores do SAEB para a Prova Brasil. Percebeu-se que alguns proponentes compreenderam o funcionamento produtivo das aulas de língua portuguesa quando usadas as produções de gêneros de texto presentes no cotidiano dos alunos.

Fontes de resistência à murcha bacteriana em germoplasma de Capsicum spp. do estado do Amazonas Sources of resistance against bacterial wilt in Capsicum spp. germoplasm of the Amazonas state

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Liane Cristine Rebouças Demosthenes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é uma das doenças mais importantes do gênero Capsicum no Brasil. No Amazonas, as condições de elevada temperatura e umidade favorecem o desenvolvimento da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência à murcha bacteriana de germoplasma, selvagem e comercial, de Capsicum spp. Foram avaliados 22 acessos de Capsicum em casa de vegetação. A inoculação foi feita mediante ferimento das raízes, seguido de adição no solo, ao redor das plantas, de suspensão bacteriana na concentração de 10(8 ufc mL-1. A avaliação foi feita diariamente a partir do quarto dia após a inoculação, em função desenvolvimento dos sintomas. A partir das médias de progresso dos sintomas foi construída a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, e os dados submetidos ao teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o programa estatístico SAEG 9.1. Foram selecionados os acessos 30, 20 e 17, da espécie C. chinense, como resistentes à murcha bacteriana para ensaios futuros em programas de melhoramento genético.The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important in the genus Capsicum in Brazil. In the state of Amazonas, high temperatures and humidity favor the development of the disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance in germoplasm of wild and commercial Capsicum spp. to bacterial wilt. Twenty two accesses of Capsicum spp. were evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The inoculation was made by means of wounds in the roots, followed by addition of bacterial suspension in the concentration of 10(8 ufc ml-1 in the soil, around the plants. Plant evaluation was made daily after the fourth day of the inoculation (DAI considering the symptoms progress. From the average progress of symptoms was constructed the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, and the data submitted to the Scott-Knott test at 5% of

Educación, género y deporte: jóvenes de etnia gitana y práctica físico-deportiva

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Blasco, Dora

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This article concerns the relationship between gender and the practice of sports at school. The author shows that the cultural heritage of young Gypsy women has a direct effect on the process of learning as well as teaching physical education. She analyzes the traits of such heritage and the way they interact with physical education as a course in school. She describes common, everyday situations and problems occurred at a public school and presents them as pieces of practical information for an adequate implementation of basic programs of physical education as they specifically affect Gypsy girls enrolled in the 3rd phase of Primary School.

Este artículo se centra en las relaciones entre el género y el desarrollo de la actividad deportiva en los colegios, poniendo de manifiesto que la cultura de las jóvenes gitanas repercute directamente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación física. Se analizan los rasgos que caracterizan dicha cultura y cómo interactúan éstos con la docencia mencionada. Se describen situaciones y problemas cotidianos observados en un centro escolar público con el objetivo de que proporcionen algunas claves para llevar a buen término los contenidos curriculares básicos de la educación física en el caso concreto de las niñas de etnia gitana de tercer ciclo de primaria.

Interacción planta-colibrí en Amacayacu (Amazonas, Colombia: una perspectiva palinológica

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Amaya Márquez Marisol

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Se cuantificaron 232 cargas de polen tomadas de 11 especies de colibríes en el Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Amazonas, Colombia. Las especies más generalistas transportaron cargas de polen con mayor cantidad de granos. Las características palinológicas predominantes en los granos de polen sugieren una relación entre estructura reticulada y la polinización por colibríes. Se propone un Índice de Valor de Importancia de los Recursos (IVIR orientado a estimar la importancia de cada una de las plantas ornitófilas para la comunidad de colibríes. Las plantas más importantes para los colibríes fueron: una especie de Heliconia, una especie de Passiflora, Besleria aggregata, una especie de Costus, ombretum llewelynii y Erythrina fusca. Con base en un análisis de correspondencia binaria se describen tres asociaciones plantacolibrí a nivel de comunidad, en las cuales la morfología del pico de los colibríes emerge como el aspecto explicativo de las asociaciones. Se analizan las ventajas y desventajas de las metodologías usadas por la palinología y por la observación directa en el campo.From a palinological perspective was studied the plant-hummingbird relationship at community level, in the National Natural Park Amacayacu in the Colombian Amazonia. Our goal was to evaluate the utility ofthe palinological tool, to provided insight of the hummingbird-plant relationship organization, at community leve!. We get evidence about which plants were really using the hummingbirds as pollen vectors. A Resource Importance Value Index (RIVI is proposed here to evaluate the importance of each floral resource to the hummingbird community. A binary correspondence analysis perrnitted us to proposed three groups ofplant-hummingbird associations, according with the frequency of pollen registered on each hummingbird species. The Relación colibrí-flor en una comunidad amazónica hummingbirds culmen morphology emerged as the explicative factor ofthe

Pseudoescorpiões (Arachnida da vegetação de sub-bosque da floresta primária tropical de terra firme (Coari, Amazonas, Brasil Pseudoscorpions (Aracnida in the undergrowth vegetetion in dryland forest in Coari, Amazonas, Brazil

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Nair Otaviano Aguiar

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Foi encontrada uma riqueza de 15 espécies de pseudoscorpiões, de 12 gêneros e 5 famílias (Chthoniidae, Geogarypidae, Olpiidae, Atemnidae e Chernetidae, habitando diferentes plantas da vegetação do sub-bosque, em floresta primária de terra firme, no alto rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas, no período de 1991 a 1996. As plantas foram examinadas pelo método de "bateção". Apolpium aff. vastum foi à espécie mais freqüente e abundante sobre as plantas. Dentre os tipos de plantas avaliados, as maiores diversidades de espécies de pseudoscorpiões foram registradas nas pequenas palmeiras, tanto com fronde junto ao chão, como elevada acima do chão. A análise da composição das espécies que ocorreram sobre os diferentes tipos de plantas avaliadas foi realizada pelo "modo-Q", tendo como base a matriz de coeficientes de similaridade de "Jaccard", o que demonstrou maior similaridade entre a fauna das palmeiras e outras plantas que acumulam detritos acima do chão, entre as bromélias e entre aráceas de chão e outras plantas que acumulam detritos junto ao chão.A richness of 15 pseudoscorpion species, 12 genera belonging to 5 families (Chthoniidae, Geogarypidae, Olpiidae, Atemnidae and Chernetidae were found in the undergrowth vegetation of the dryland forest, at the upper Urucu river, Coari, Amazonas, from 1991 to 1996, and was collected by the "beating tray" method. Apolpium aff. vastum was the most frequent and abundant species in the undergrowth forest vegetation. Among the various types of plants examined, the majority of the pseudoscorpions occurred in small palms (in the ground-trenched palms as much as the erect stemmed palms. To appraise the specie's composition of these arachnids found in the different kinds of plants, the Q-mode analysis was used based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients. The coefficients that showed the greatest similarity were between the fauna of the palms and other plants that accumulate litter on top of the

Feminización del empleo y trabajo precario en las agriculturas latinoamericanas globalizadas

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Ximena Valdés Subercaseaux

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El carácter precario del empleo temporal de las asalariadas agrícolas fue analizado en los estudios de caso realizados en siete países latinoamericanos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO, la Comisión Económica para América latina y el Caribe (CEPAL y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT (FAO-CEPAL-OIT, 2012, cuyas conclusiones estuvieron a mi cargo. Los hallazgos de dichos estudios fueron contrastados con investigaciones bajo nuestra responsabilidad realizadas en el marco de dos proyectos FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Técnico. Ello nos permitió no sólo interpretar los procesos de feminización de los mercados de trabajo sino también comprender la naturaleza de la asalarización, las estrategias migratorias para alargar el tiempo de percepción de salario y el lugar de las mujeres en la agricultura de exportación junto a los cambios identitarios causados por los procesos de modernización y globalización que se han dado en Latinoamérica bajo el neoliberalismo. El artículo aborda las condiciones de trabajo y las migraciones laborales; concluyendo con el análisis de la contra-cara de la precarización laboral que se da a través de las políticas sociales antipobreza. En ellas se expresa la contradicción entre Estados que abandonan el principio de bienestar permitiendo leyes laborales que, al flexibilizar el empleo, reproducen la pobreza; mientras esos mismos Estados tratan de mitigarla con transferencias de recursos a asalariados precarios fuertemente marcados por su condición de género, etnia y nacionalidad.

Joomɨ fíivo gaaja kaatɨi aame - La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. Cuarta parte: Kɨɨñu “Gallineta” (Crypturellus undulatus

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Aniceto Nejedeka (Numeyɨ

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Texto bilingüe muinane-español sobre el ave kɨɨñu, “gallineta” (Crypturellus undulatus, elaborado por Aniceto Nejedeka a partir del conocimiento de los mayores de la etnia muinane. Este texto es la cuarta parte de un libro que hemos venido publicando por fascículos, titulado La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. El muinane es una lengua de la familia lingüística bora.

Hanseníase em populações indígenas do Amazonas, Brasil: um estudo epidemiológico nos municípios de Autazes, Eirunepé e São Gabriel da Cachoeira (2000 a 2005 Leprosy in indigenous populations of Amazonas State, Brazil: an epidemiological study in the counties of Autazes, Eirunepé and São Gabriel da Cachoeira (2000 to 2005

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Elsia Belo Imbiriba

2009-05-01

Full Text Available O Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, apresentou, em 2005, coeficientes hiperendêmicos de detecção de hanseníase e prevalência de média endemicidade. O estado detém a maior população indígena no país, mas inexistem informações sobre o perfil da hanseníase nesses grupos. O estudo objetivou a descrição e análise das características epidemiológicas das notificações de hanseníase nos municípios de Autazes, Eirunepé e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, comparando achados entre indígenas e não indígenas, segundo variáveis de interesse. Foram analisados os casos notificados no SINAN, no período de 2000 a 2005. Do total de 386 casos notificados, verificaram-se coeficientes médios de detecção de 3,55, 14,94 e 2,13/10 mil (entre os não indígenas e de 10,95, 1,93 e 0,78/10 mil (para os indígenas, para Autazes, Eirunepé e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, respectivamente. Houve predomínio de casos paucibacilares em indígenas e em não indígenas, no entanto, a forma dimorfa representou 1/3 das notificações. Apesar das limitações de cobertura e do sub-registro, os achados sugerem que a hanseníase representa importante problema de saúde pública para os indígenas no Amazonas. A classificação segundo "raça/etnicidade" se constituiu em ferramenta útil para elucidar desigualdades em saúde.In 2005, Amazonas State, Brazil, showed hyperendemic leprosy detection coefficients and prevalence with medium endemicity. Although this State has the largest indigenous population in Brazil, there are no data on the leprosy profile in these groups. This study aimed to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy case reporting in the municipalities (counties of Autazes, Eirunepé, and São Gabriel da Cachoeira, comparing indigenous and non-indigenous findings according to target variables. A total of 386 cases reported to SINAN from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed. Mean detection rates were 3.55, 14.94, and 2.13/10,000 (among non

Perfil nosológico de centro de referência em dermatologia no estado do Amazonas - Brasil Nosological profile in a dermatology referral center in the state of Amazonas -Brazil

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Adriana Andrade Raposo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: As doenças de pele estão associadas a alta morbidade, baixa mortalidade e baixa proporção de hospitalização. Entretanto, podem causar considerável interferência no bem-estar físico e emocional do indivíduo. Várias delas atingem grandes contingentes populacionais, havendo necessidade de intervenções específicas para seu controle. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência das dermatoses diagnosticadas em serviço de dermatologia na cidade de Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas. MÉTODOS: Coletaram-se dados registrados sobre sexo, idade, procedência e diagnósticos referentes à primeira consulta dos pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2007. RESULTADOS: Das 56.024 consultas registradas, obtiveram-se 56.720 diagnósticos dermatológicos, sendo mais comuns as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (25,12%, as dermatoses alérgicas (14,03%, as dermatoses não especificadas (13,01%, a hanseníase (6,34% e acne, seborreia e afins (5,05%. A frequência foi semelhante para ambos os sexos, a faixa etária de 20-29 anos foi predominante e Manaus foi a procedência mais referida. CONCLUSÕES: O padrão das doenças cutâneas identificadas neste estudo pode servir como linha de base para que gestores do sistema de saúde da região desenvolvam estratégias de prevenção e controle das dermatoses mais comuns, com ênfase nas doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, doenças cutâneas alérgicas, hanseníase e acneBACKGROUNDS: Fundaments: Skin diseases are associated wih high morbidity, low mortality and low rate of hospitalization. However, they can cause considerable interference in physical and emotional well-being of the individual. Several of them reach large population, requiring specific interventions for their control. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of skin disease diagnosed in the dermatology service in Manaus, capital of Amazonas State. METHODS: We collected data on registered sex, age, origin and

Hydrocephalus in a yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix).

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Keller, Krista A; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Muthuswamy, Anantharaman; Forrest, Lisa J; Steinberg, Howard; Sladky, Kurt; Petersen, Sophie

2011-09-01

A 37-year-old female yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix) was presented after a 4-month-period behavior change and intermittent episodes of obtunded mentation. Clinical findings on physical examination included ataxia, a weak grasp, and reluctance to move. Results of magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with severe hydrocephalus without evidence of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction. The bird was treated with tapering dosages of prednisolone over a 4-month period, during which time the episodes did not occur. Discontinuation of treatment was attempted several times but resulted in relapse. After 3.5 years of maintenance treatment with prednisolone, the bird was presented subsequent to a 5-hour episode of obtunded mentation and worsening neurologic signs. Despite increasing the dose of prednisolone and providing additional supportive care, the bird's condition worsened, and euthanasia was elected. Necropsy findings included severe hydrocephalus with significant loss of right cerebral parenchyma and no evidence of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction. Histologic examination of the remaining cerebral parenchyma revealed a moderate, multifocal, cellular infiltrate; encephalomalacia; fibrosis; and hemosiderosis in tissue adjacent to the distended ventricles. Other findings included hepatic vacuolar degeneration. Diagnostic imaging and postmortem findings were consistent with a diagnosis of hydrocephalus ex vacuo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hydrocephalus in an Amazon parrot as well as the first report of hydrocephalus in any avian species associated with long-term follow-up and prolonged corticosteroid treatment.

Pericardial Mesothelioma in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot (Amazona auropalliata).

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McCleery, Brynn; Jones, Michael P; Manasse, Jorden; Johns, Sara; Gompf, Rebecca E; Newman, Shelley

2015-03-01

A 37-year-old female yellow-naped Amazon parrot (Amazona auropalliata) was presented with a history of lethargy, inappetence, and decreased vocalizations. On examination, the coelom was moderately distended and palpated fluctuant, and the heart was muffled on auscultation. Coelomic ultrasound, coelomocentesis, and radiographs were performed and revealed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and marked coelomic effusion. Pericardial effusion was confirmed by echocardiography. A well-circumscribed, hyperechoic soft tissue density was observed at the level of the right atrium on initial echocardiography; however, a cardiac mass was not identified by computed tomography scan or repeat echocardiograms. Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was performed under anesthesia, and cytology results were consistent with hemorrhage; no neoplastic cells were identified. A repeat echocardiogram 4 days after pericardiocentesis revealed recurrence of the pericardial effusion. Due to the grave prognosis, the owners declined endoscopic pericardiectomy, and the patient died the following day. On postmortem examination, the pericardial surface of the heart was covered in a white to yellow, multinodular mass layer. Histologic analysis revealed a multinodular mass extending from the atria, running along the epicardium distally, and often extending into the myocardium. Neoplastic cells present in the heart mass and pericardium did not stain with a Churukian-Schenk stain, and thyroglobulin immunohistochemistry was negative. Cytokeratin and vimentin stains showed positive expression in the neoplastic cells within the mass. These results are consistent with a diagnosis of mesothelioma. This is the first report of mesothelioma in a psittacine bird.

Estudos florísticos no município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. Brasil: I. famílias Annonaceae e Gnetaceae Floristic studies in township of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. Brazil: I. families Annonaceae and Gnetaceae

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José Augusto Coelho da Silva

2006-03-01

Full Text Available O Município de Presidente Figueiredo, no Estado do Amazonas, foi visitado durante três anos consecutivos, de 1996 a 1999, com o objetivo de se obter amostras botânicas da área, para estudos no Subprojeto "Elaboração de Revisões e Monografias Taxonômicas" com a finalidade de se elaborar uma Flórula para o Município. As coleções feitas neste período encontram-se depositadas no acervo do Herbário do INPA e as informações gerais sobre os taxa aqui estudados foram complementadas com as obtidas das coleções feitas anteriormente por outros pesquisadores. Para a família Annonaceae Juss. (Magnoliopsida foram identificadas 39 espécies distribuídas em 15 gêneros. Destes, Duguetia A. St. Hill., Guatteria Ruiz & Pavon, Annona L., Unonopsis R.E.Fries e Xylopia L.destacaram-se pela diversidade em espécies, sendo os dois primeiros representados por oito e seis espécies, respectivamente, e os três últimos, com quatro espécies. A família Gnetaceae Lindl. (Gimnospermae está representada no Município apenas pelo gênero Gnetum L., com a espécie G. leyboldii Tul.The Township of Presidente Figueiredo, in the State of Amazonas, was visited for three consecutive years, from 1996 to 1999, with the aim of acquiring botanical samples from the area, in order to carry out studies in the "Taxonomic Monographies and Revisions Preparation" SubProject, for the purpose of preparing a survey of the flora. Collections pertaining to the present work are deposited at INPA's herbarium and, general information on the taxa studied here were complemented with those obtained from earlier collections conducted by other researchers. Thirty nine (39 species distributed into 15 genera were identified for the family Annonaceae Juss. (Magnoliopsida. Of these, Duguetia A. St. Hill., Guatteria Ruiz & Pavon, Annona L., Unonopsis R.E.Fries and Xylopia L. stood out on account of their species diversity, the former two were represented by eight and six species

PAPEL TRÓFICO DEL ZOOPLANCTON A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS DE ISÓTOPOS ESTABLES EN UN LAGO DE INUNDACIÓN EN LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA

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ANGÉLICA M. TORRES-BEJARANO

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Para caracterizar las fuentes primarias de carbono del zooplancton y su flujo en la red trófica en un lago de inundación próximo a la ciudad de Leticia (Amazonas, Colombia, se hicieron recolectas de bacterias, detritos, fitoplancton, perifiton y zooplancton entre mayo de 2010 y mayo de 2011. El zooplancton se usó como integrador por su posición central en la red trófica y para tal fin fueron analizados en términos de δ13C y δ15N los organismos concentrados en malla de 60μm, representados por cladócera, copépoda ciclopoida y rotífera. Las muestras fueron concentradas con filtros GF/F pre quemados para su análisis en el laboratorio de isótopos estables de la UNESP en Botucatú (SP. Los valores de δ13C muestran una relación trófica pobre entre el zooplancton (-37,99‰ ± 2,14 y sus fuentes potenciales como fitoplancton (-32,53‰ ± 1,97 perifiton (-32,56‰ ± 1,55 y detritos (-32,27‰ ± 0,81. Por otra parte, si bien los valores de δ15N del zooplancton (6,12‰ ± 0,59 complementan la apreciación sobre el fitoplancton (7,38‰ ± 1,1, sugieren el consumo de perifiton empobrecido (1,15‰ ± 0,07 y de detrito (5,23‰ ± 4,76. Los valores bajos de δ13C son asociados con el consumo de una fracción de carbono metanogénico, como ha sido demostrado en el hipolimnio de lagos de inundación; de la misma forma que su aporte a las capas superiores de la columna de agua durante eventos de mezcla. Esta especialización del zooplancton en consumir una fracción de varios gremios tróficos puede ser el resultado de la variabilidad intrínseca de los recursos, como resultado de las variaciones biogeoquímicas asociadas con la hidrología del lago.

Itinerário dos usuários de medicamentos via judicial no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Marselle Nobre de Carvalho

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o itinerário dos usuários que tiveram acesso a medicamentos via judicial no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, prospectivo, baseado em dados coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários que receberam medicamentos via mandado judicial. A judicialização na saúde mostrou-se um fator agregador ao reconhecimento dos direitos e da cidadania pelos usuários que, na sua trajetória de vida, acabaram adquirindo um grande aprendizado sobre formas de enfrentar a falta de acesso aos medicamentos. Conclui-se que a relação entre o sujeito e o Estado permanece desigual, e o direito à saúde se deu na dimensão individual e restritiva, desconsiderando a dimensão coletiva e a concepção de cidadania.

Thromboelastography Values in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ): A Pilot Study.

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Keller, Krista A; Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Acierno, Mark J; Beaufrère, Hugues; Sinclair, Kristin M; Owens, Sean D; Paul-Murphy, Joanne; Tully, Thomas N

2015-09-01

Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a global assessment of coagulation, including the rate of clot initiation, clot kinetics, achievement of maximum clot strength, and fibrinolysis. Thromboelastography (TEG) is used with increasing frequency in the field of veterinary medicine, although its usefulness in avian species has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the applicability of TEG in psittacine birds. Kaolin-activated TEG was used to analyze citrated whole blood collected routinely from 8 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ). The minimum and maximum TEG values obtained included time to clot initiation (2.6-15 minutes), clot formation time (4.3-20.8 minutes), α angle (12.7°-47.9°), maximum amplitude of clot strength (26.3-46.2 mm), and percentage of lysis 30 minutes after achievement of maximum amplitude (0%-5.3%). The TEG values demonstrated comparative hypocoagulability relative to published values in canine and feline species. Differences may be explained by either the in vitro temperature at which TEG is standardly performed or the method of activation used in this study. Although TEG may have significant advantages over traditional coagulation tests, including lack of need for species-specific reagents, further evaluation is required in a variety of avian species and while exploring various TEG methodologies before this technology can be recommended for use in clinical cases.

Universidad y ciudadanía: elementos para una agenda de diálogo común

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Rozo Bellón, Juan Fredy

2003-01-01

La Amazonia es en la conciencia colectiva del planeta el espacio natural y cultural más conservado y donde es posible el desarrollo sostenible. Pero la realidad es otra: factores históricos y económicos, aunados a la codicia, la ignorancia y las erradas políticas andinas para las selvas han llevado a esta región a soportar intensos procesos de deforestación y extracción de sus recursos naturales y culturales. Al analizar la encrucijada del sin modelo económico actual del Amazonas, se encuentr...

Sideropenia sem anemia em doadores de sangue do Hemocentro do Amazonas - Hemoam Sideropenia without anemia in blood donors of the Amazon Blood Bank - Hemoam

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Leny N. M. Passos

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Uma doaç��o de aproximadamente 475mL de sangue depleta em média 242 ± 17 mg de ferro do doador, o que pode ter conseqüências variáveis em suas reservas e na sua saúde. Tivemos por objetivo avaliar se doadores de sangue do Hemocentro do Amazonas - Hemoam desenvolvem sideropenia sem anemia após doações consecutivas. A ferritina sérica foi medida em 528 doadores de sangue, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 a 61 anos, divididos em 313 doadores de repetição, com 4 ou mais doações regulares, e 215 primodoadores, que compareceram ao Hemocentro do Amazonas no período de setembro de 2001 a junho de 2002. Depleção do depósito de ferro, definida por níveis de ferritina menores de 20 ng/L, foi encontrada em 7,4% [16/215] dos primodoadores e em 48,6% [152/313] dos doadores de repetição. Utilizando-se de um critério mais rigoroso, como valores de ferritina A blood donation of 475 mL could deplete 242 ± 17 mg of iron from blood donors. The objective of this report is to evaluate if blood donors could develop sideropenia without anemia after several donations. Serum levels of ferritin were measured in 528 male blood donors, with ages ranging from 18 to 61 years old. A total of 313 of them had made 4 or more donations and 215 of them were first time donors. They donated blood in the Hemocentro do Amazonas - Hemoam, from September 2001 to June 2002. Deletion of iron stores characterized by serum ferritin levels of less than 20 ng/L was found in 7.4% (16/215 of first time donors, and in 48.6% (152/313 of multiple donors. With more stringent criteria of ferritin values less than 12 ng/L, 3.7% (8/215 of first-time donors as opposed to 24.9% (78/313 of multiple donors showed severe depletions. We concluded that multiple donors, after more than 5 repeated donations, are at risk of depleted iron and ferritin levels. It is important to implant protocols of iron supplementation for these donors to avoid damage to their health and

Dilemas en el uso del agua: ¿Cómo se distribuye el recurso hídrico en la Cuenca Amazónica Colombiana?

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Camilo Torres Sanabria

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo contextualiza el entorno económico de los sectores productivos que dependen del uso intensivo del recurso hídrico en la cuenca amazónica colombiana(conformada por los departamentos de Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo, Vaupés, la bota caucana y el sur de Nariño por medio de la recolección y organización de información proveniente de entidades oficiales y de consultas en la región realizadas por el Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (SINCHI. Se analizaron indicadores macroeconómicos de los departamentos amazónicos en cada uno de los diferentes sectores considerando el valor agregado expuesto en el promedio anual del Producto Interno Bruto (2000 – 2012 en valores constantes y se contrastaron con la demanda sectorial de agua y la proyección de crecimiento, tanto de la población humana como de las tendencias de crecimiento de las actividades económicas. Como resultado relevante se encontró que los departamentos de tradición minero–energética basan su crecimiento económico en el uso intensivo del agua (mayor presión al recurso en m3/año. Se reporta un valor de $374,42 millones de dólares en promedio anual en el uso del agua (costo económico solo para el departamento de Putumayo para la extracción petrolera, con tendencias a incrementarse en el futuro, valor que no es compensado por este sector ni mucho menos considerado dentro de los indicadores económicos de crecimiento. Se concluye que los lineamientos de política hacia la gestión del recurso hídrico en Colombia deben ir diferenciados por sector y por departamento, considerando la dinámica económica en la demanda del uso del agua y la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a yellow-naped Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala) with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

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Ritchey, J W; Degernes, L A; Brown, T T

1997-01-01

This report describes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a yellow-naped Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala) with complete effacement of the pancreas by a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The bird presented with a 3-month history of weight loss and voluminous, foul-smelling droppings. Clinically, routine hematologic findings were normal and fecal tests were performed to evaluate exocrine pancreatic function. The fecal function tests were positive for neutral and split fats and negative for trypsin. Oral administration of corn oil did not result in elevation of blood triglyceride levels. Two days later, the triglyceride tolerance test was repeated using corn oil mixed with pancreatic enzymes. This time, there was a 70% elevation of blood triglyceride levels. Because of a poor prognosis, the bird was euthanatized. At necropsy, the pancreas was diffusely enlarged, white, nodular, and firm. The liver contained multiple, 1-2-mm-diameter, randomly located, tan nodules. Microscopically, the pancreas was effaced by numerous lobules of neoplastic ductular structures surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue. In the liver, the hepatic parenchyma was replaced by multiple, well-demarcated, nonencapsulated foci of neoplastic tissue similar to that in the pancreas.

LA ELEVADA PREVALENCIA Y SEVERIDAD DE SÍNTOMAS UROGENITALES DE MUJERES INDÍGENAS ZENÚES COLOMBIANAS EN POSTMENOPAUSIA, TAMBIÉN ES EVIDENCIADA EN OTRA POBLACIÓN AMERINDIA*

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Álvaro Monterrosa Castro

2010-12-01

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*Producto del Proyecto de Investigación CAVIMEC, perteneciente a la Línea de Investigación: Tiempo de Menopausia, del grupo de Investigación SALUD DE MUJER, avalado por la Universidad de Cartagena y Categorizado B por COLCIENCIAS. Una Investigación aportada a REDLINC (Red Latinoamericana para la Investigación en Climaterio. 

Resumen

Antecedentes: La mujer latinoamericana presenta mayor severidad de síntomas menopáusicos que las de otras regiones del mundo. Mujeres de etnias indígenas colombianas tienen mayor deterioro de la dimensión urogenital que mujeres afro descendientes y mestizas urbanas cartageneras, y esa mayor prevalencia de manifestaciones urogenitales es la que impacta negativamente la calidad de vida de las mujeres indígenas en pos menopausia.

Objetivos: Comparar dos poblaciones indígenas distantes y observar si la magnitud del deterioro de la dimensión urogenital es similar o diferente.

Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 573 mujeres postmenopáusicas de 40 a 59 años, 285 de la etnia zenú, de Colombia, de poblaciones a la orilla del mar y 288 de etnia quechua, de Perú, residentes a más de 3000 metros de altura sobre el nivel del mar, en los andes. Ambos grupos de mujeres indígenas, hijas de padre y madre indígena residen en comunidades autóctonas. Instrumento: Menopause Rating Scale (MRS, compuesta por once síntomas y dividida en tres sub-escalas: somática-vegetativa, psicológico y urogenital.

Resultados: El puntaje total de la escala MRS revela que ambas etnias tienen una sintomatología climatérica más intensa que la descrita en mujeres hispánicas o europeas (puntaje en Quechuas: 22.7 ± 5.7; Zenúes: 14.7 ± 2.5. Las primeras, tienen síntomas mas severos que las Zenúes en los dominios somáticos (8.8 ± 2.3vs 5.3 ± 1.8, p<0.001 y psicológicos (7

Etnobotânica das variedades locais do cará (Dioscorea spp. cultivados em comunidades no município de Caapiranga, estado do Amazonas Ethnobotany of local varieties of yams (Dioscorea spp. cultivated in the municipality of Caapiranga, AM

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Albejamere Pereira de Castro

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo trata da investigação das práticas de conservação da agrodiversidade do cará (Dioscorea spp. mantidas por comunidades produtoras no município de Caapiranga, Amazonas, usando ferramentas metodológicas da etnobotânica, em busca de associar o saber científico com o conhecimento perceptivo e cultural dos agricultores locais sobre a cultura do cará. Foi empregado o método das quatro-células, levantamento e coletas botânicas, aplicação de formulário, entrevistas, observação participativa com os agricultores sobre as peculiaridades de cada espécie e variedades locais. Os materiais coletados foram identificados por especialista do Herbário do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência, e Tecnologia do Amazonas (EAFM e do Instituto de Botânica-IBt, São Paulo e acondicionados no Herbário da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (HUAM, além de serem multiplicadas no campo de produção vegetal da UFAM, para posterior identificação das demais espécies e/ou variedades não identificadas. Dentre as 15 variedades locais pesquisadas, 10 pertencem à espécie D. trifida, uma à D. bulbifera. Quanto às quatro restantes, por não serem mais cultivadas nas roças, não foi possível sua identificação botânica. Verificou-se que os agricultores tradicionais pesquisados possuem grande conhecimento sobre as roças, bem como sobre as variedades locais cultivadas, e possuem formas de manejo e conservação que são fundamentais para a manutenção da agrodiversidade das suas roças. Os sistemas produtivos de Caapiranga constituem verdadeiras coleções de germoplasma de cará e representam a principal estratégia local de conservação in situ/on farm do recurso genético e, portanto, devem ser mantidos e incentivados.This study employed methodological tools of ethnobotany to better understand agrobiodiversity conservation practices used for yams (Dioscorea spp. cultivated by farming communities in the municipality of Caapiranga

Estimation of electric power generation using coal from the fruit peel of cupuassu in Amazonas State, Brazil; Estimativa de geracao de energia eletrica utilizando o carvao da casca do fruto do cupuacuzeiro no estado do Amazonas

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Silva, Antonio Cleuder Lima da [Manaus Energia S/A., Manaus, AM (Brazil); Santos, Eyde Cristiane Saraiva dos [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (FCA/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias. Dept. de Engenharia Agricola e Solos], e-mail: eyde_cristianne@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

The application of the charcoal of agroforestry residue for the generation of electric energy, for being renewable power plant and possessing technology for application, comes being evidenced. In this research the potential of generation of electric energy was estimated, in the main producing cities of the State of Amazonas of the fruit of the cupuacuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum Wild. Ex. Spreng. Shum.), using the rind carbonized in technology of gasification, substitution of diesel. The charcoal of the rind of the fruit of the cupuacuzeiro presents to be able calorific next to the one to the deriving coal of the wood. Known the annual production of each one the cities, the amount and the cost of production of the generated electric energy, determined in this research, it justifies the exploitation of this residue, for having economic advantages, when comparative with the tariff of the adopted electric energy in the region for the concessionaire. (author)

Desigualdades na mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de Souza

2013-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as taxas e algumas características da mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no Amazonas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em que os dados de óbito foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os populacionais no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram utilizados todos os registros de suicídio do período de 2006-2010 e a interpolação geométrica anual para a estimação das subpopulações. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 688 suicídios no Amazonas, dos quais 19,0% em indígenas. A taxa ajustada de mortalidade por suicídio (TAMS nos indígenas, de 18,4/100 mil, foi 4,4 vezes superior a dos não indígenas. A TAMS em indígenas aumentou 1,6 vez em 2010 em relação a 2006. Nos municípios de Tabatinga e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, as TAMS foram muito altas, 75,8 e 41,9/100 mil, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se o comportamento desigual das taxas de mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas, expondo não só sua importância local, como também sua invisibilidade como problema de saúde pública, principalmente entre jovens 15 e 24 anos.

Impacts of animal traffic on the Brazilian Amazon parrots (Amazona species) collection of the Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park, Brazil, 1986-2007.

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Vanstreels, Ralph Eric Thijl; Teixeira, Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello; Camargo, Luis Carlos; Nunes, Adauto Luis Veloso; Matushima, Eliana Reiko

2010-01-01

Eleven species of Amazon parrots (genus Amazona) are known to occur in Brazil, and nest poaching and illegal traffic pose serious conservation threats to these species. When the illegal owners realize these animals are incompatible with their expectations and lifestyle, or when the police arrests traders and owners, these trafficked animals are often considered unfit for release and sent to local zoos and captive breeders. A retrospective survey of animal and necropsy records from 1986 to 2007 was used to evaluate the impacts of animal traffic on the population composition and mortality patterns of Amazon parrots at the Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park, Sorocaba, Brazil. Data were obtained for 374 Amazon parrots of ten Brazilian species, and there was evidence that the studied population could be split into two major groups: a majority belonging to the Amazona aestiva species and a minority belonging to the remaining species. In comparison, the animals of the first group were more frequently admitted from traffic-related origins (98 vs. 75%), had a shorter lifespan (median 301 days vs. 848 days) and a higher mortality within the first year postadmission (54 vs. 37%), were less likely to receive expensive treatments, and were more frequently housed off-exhibit. On an average, parrots were found to have a short postadmission lifespan (median 356 days), with 92.5% of the birds dying within their first five years in captivity. The paper discusses the difficult dilemmas these incoming traffic-related animals pose to zoo management and official anti-traffic policies. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Los hallazgos del Sacromonte a la luz de la historia de la Iglesia y de la teología católica

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Martínez Medina, Francisco Javier

2002-12-01

Full Text Available The Lead Books, far from being a purely Moorish invention of its creators and in its ideological content, have at their base Medieval Christian traditions, a Catholic theology and the religious-political problems of modem Spain. In their origin, thinkers of a pronounced counter-reform view also actively participated. In the present state of research of the Morisco problem which goes beyond the monolithic, partisan vision of this ethnic group, it is essential to initiate new fields of interpretation of the books' contents and of the findings of Sacromonte in general. As an example, we suggest a treatment of the persons and themes fundamental to the thread of argument, as are the Apostle St. James, St. Cecil and the Virgin's inmaculate conception.

Lejos de ser sólo una fabulación netamente morisca en su inventores y en sus contenidos ideológicos, los libros plúmbeos tienen en su base las tradiciones medievales cristianas, la teología católica y la problemática político-religiosa de la España moderna; en su gestación también participaron activamente pensadores de marcado corte contrarreformista. En la línea actual de investigación del problema morisco, que supera la monolítica, partidista y radial visión de esta etnia, hay que iniciar nuevos campos de interpretación del contenido de los libros plúmbeos y de los hallazgos del Sacromonte granadino en general. Proponemos como ejemplo el tratamiento de personajes y temas tan fundamentales en el hilo argumental como son el apóstol Santiago, san Cecilio y la Concepción Inmaculada de la Virgen.

Adiposidad total y distribución segmentaria en niños toba y wichi

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Mendez, Marta Graciela

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El período más crítico en la ontogenia humana es el de la infancia y aún quedan importantes interrogantes sobre si los cambios del desarrollo en adiposidad y composición corporal son los rasgos más importantes de la ontogenia funcional. La cantidad total de adiposidad es ecosensible no obstante su patrón de distribución se mantiene como característica individual y muestra gran influencia genética. Debido a que gran parte de la grasa corporal es subcutánea, su evaluación puede dar información valiosa sobre la cantidad total o porcentaje. Es más específica que el peso y, dado que su distribución varía regionalmente, es importante su medición tanto en el tronco como en las extremidades. En el presente trabajo se analiza la composición corporal y se evalúa la adiposidad corporal segmentaria en una muestra constituida por 127 niños de las etnias Toba y Wichi. Las variables relevadas fueron Peso, Estatura, Pliegue subescapular y Pliegue tricipital a partir de los cuales se calcularon el Índice de Masa Corporal y el Índice de Centralidad que representa la acumulación de grasa en el tronco y las extremidades. Los valores individuales fueron agrupados por edad y sexo, obteniéndose media y desvío estándar de cada índice para cada edad y por sexo. Se encuentra que en ambas etnias la adiposidad total varía con la edad y muestra dimorfismo sexual. También en ambas etnias hay un mayor grado de adiposidad en el sexo femenino. El análisis de la distribución corporal da cuenta del predominio de adiposidad en el tronco en el sexo femenino y en las extremidades en el sexo masculino.

Baixa prevalência de discromatopsia, pela 4ª edição do teste pseudoisocromático HRR (Hardy, Rand e Rittler), da população indígena de etnia terena da aldeia lalima na região de Miranda: Mato Grosso do Sul

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Piccinin,Marcos Rogério Mistro; Cunha,Juliana Ferrari; Almeida,Herbert Paulo de; Bach,Cleiton Cassio; Dossa,Andréa Cristina Grubits Gonçalves de Oliveira; Silva,Reinaldo Ferreira da; Pessoa,Valdir Filgueiras

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de discromatopsias através da 4ª edição do teste pseudoisocromático HRR (Hardy, Rand and Rittler) entre a população indígena masculina da aldeia Lalima, etnia Terena, na região de Miranda-MS. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas viagens à aldeia Lalima em Miranda-MS, nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2005. As viagens para realizar os exames só foram iniciadas após o projeto ter sido avaliado e aprovado pelos Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da UFMS, Comitê Nacional de Ética e ...

Ocorrência da Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda, Onchocercidae em comunidades ribeirinhas do rio Purus, Município de Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brasil Occurrence of Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda, Onchocercidae in riverine communities of the Purus river, Boca do Acre municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Jansen Fernandes Medeiros

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve o objetivo de estimar as prevalências de Mansonella ozzardi e calcular taxa de infecção parasitária nos simulídeos. O trabalho foi realizado em comunidades ribeirinhas do rio Purus, Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brasil. As prevalências foram obtidas por meio do método de gota espessa de sangue obtido por porção digital. Os simulídeos coletados foram dissecados para estimar a taxa de infecção parasitária. A prevalência de M. ozzardi foi de 27,3% (282/77. Foram observadas maiores prevalências nos homens (31,97% que nas mulheres (22,22%, nos agricultores (48% e nos indivíduos entre: 38-47 (60%, 48-57 (66,66% e 58-67 (75%. A microfilaremia foi maior nos indivíduos entre 58-67 anos (média = 58,41mf/40µL, sexo masculino (41,44mf/40µL e nos agricultores (49,94mf/40µL. Somente o simulídeo Cerqueirellum amazonicum foi encontrado infectado com taxa de infecção parasitária de 0,98%.The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi and calculate the parasitic infection rate in simuliid blackflies. The research was conducted in communities on the Purus River, Boca do Acre municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Prevalence was measured using the thick smear method. Captured blackflies were dissected to verify the parasitic infection rate. M. ozzardi prevalence was 27.30% (77/282. The study showed higher prevalence in men (31.97% than women (22.22%, farmers (48.99%, and individuals in the 38-47 (60.00%, 48-57 (66.66%, and 58-67-year age brackets (75.00%. Microfilaremia was higher in individuals 58 to 67 years of age (average= 58.41mf/40µl, men (41.44mf/40µl, and farmers (49.94mf/40µl. Only the simuliid Cerqueirellum amazonicum was found infected with a parasitic infection rate of 0.98%.

[Use of psychoactive drugs by health sciences undergraduate students at the Federal University in Amazonas, Brazil].

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Lucas, Ana Cyra dos Santos; Parente, Rosana Cristina Pereira; Picanço, Neila Soares; Conceição, Denis Alvaci; Costa, Karen Regina Carim da; Magalhães, Igor Rafael dos Santos; Siqueira, João Cladirson Alves

2006-03-01

A survey was conducted with 521 undergraduate health sciences students from the Federal University in Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. Lifetime alcohol consumption was reported by 87.7% students, as compared to 30.7% for tobacco, with the latter reported more frequently by males (39.7%). The most common illicit drugs were solvents (11.9%), marijuana (9.4%), amphetamines and anxiolytics (9.2% each), cocaine (2.1%), and hallucinogens (1.2%). The main reason for illicit drug use was curiosity. Lifetime use of anabolic steroids was reported by 2.1% of the students. Alcohol abuse in the previous 30 days was reported by 12.4% of the students. Events following drinking included: fights (4.7%), accidents (2.4%), classroom absenteeism (33.7%), and job absenteeism (11.8%). Another important finding was that 47.3% of students drove after drinking. Opinions on drug abuse and patterns agree with those from similar studies in other regions of Brazil.

Animais medicinais: conhecimento e uso entre as populações ribeirinhas do rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil

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Andréa Leme da Silva

Full Text Available O estudo tem por objetivo documentar o uso de animais na medicina caseira entre ribeirinhos do rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 92 entrevistas e de observações sobre o conhecimento e as práticas cotidianas de uso de animais medicinais. Cerca de 60 espécies animais são conhecidas com propósitos medicinais. O conhecimento é bem distribuído entre os sexos (homens e mulheres e entre localidades (urbano e rural. O uso de animais medicinais está imerso em conceitos etiológicos e envolve uma complexa visão cosmológica do processo de cura. O êxodo rural e o acesso facilitado à medicina ocidental podem promover a perda dos conhecimentos tradicionais, o que pode ser mitigado através da valorização e da transmissão desses saberes às futuras gerações.

Actitud ante la inmigración en estudiantes de enfermería: Valoración antes y después del 11-M

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Montserrat Antonín Martín

Full Text Available El fenómeno de la inmigración ha experimentado en nuestro país un importante cambio cuantitativo que ha llevado a triplicar el número de inmigrantes registrados en los últimos tres años. El hecho de que ciertos colectivos de inmigrantes se hayan vinculado a actos y organizaciones terroristas ha sugerido la idea de un posible deterioro de la actitud hacia los inmigrantes por parte de la población española. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron realizar, mediante un estudio descriptivo transversal, una comparación entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en la Escala de Actitud ante la Inmigración en una muestra accidental de 204 estudiantes de enfermería que respondieron a la escala en febrero de 2003 y abril de 2004. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la actitud hacia la inmigración en los estudiantes es significativamente más positiva en el curso 2003-04 que en el curso anterior (p<0,05, lo que se interpreta en términos de eficacia del énfasis docente en el principio de equidad hacia todos los usuarios, independientemente de su etnia o cultura.

Políticas patrimoniais e reinvenção do passado: os pomeranos de São Lourenço do Sul, Brasil Políticas patrimoniales y reinvención del pasado: los pomeranos de São Lourenço do Sul, Brasil Heritage politics and past reinvention: the pomerans of São Lourenço do sul, Brazil

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Maria Leticia Mazzucchi Ferreira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Nesse artigo discutimos a relação entre políticas públicas, tradição e patrimônio na cidade de São Lourenço, sul do Brasil. A etnia pomerana, que por longo tem po foi ignorada nessa região, encontra-se atualmente supervalorizada através de uma política de "invenção do passado". O discurso político fala de um "resgate de identidade desse povo, valorizando o turismo como fonte de economia... a busca pelo passado com os olhos no futuro" (O Lourenciano, p.2, 18/01/2008. Nossa pesquisa consiste em verificar o impacto dessas intervenções nessa comunidade e como a mesma passa a aceitar esse passado como tradição e os elementos cotidianos como patrimônio.En este artículo discutimos la relación entre política pública, tradición y patrimonio en la ciudad de São Lourenço do Sul, localizada en el sur del Brasil. La etnia pomerana ha sido ignorada en esta región por un largo período, sin embargo resulta muy valorada actualmente a partir del desarrollo de una política de "invención del pasado". El discurso político señala el "rescate de la identidad de esta gente". Nuestra investigación consiste en verificar el impacto de estas intervenciones en esta comunidad y cómo la misma comienza a aceptar este pasado como tradición y los elementos cotidianos como patrimonio.In this paper, we discuss the relation between publics politics, tradition and heritage in the town of São Lourenço do Sul, southern Brazil. The pomeranian ethnic group that for long time was ignored, nowadays is overvalued through a local policy of "past invention". The political speech approaches a "rescue of the identity of this people, valuing the tourism as a source of economy.... the search for the past with the eyes on the future" (O Lourenciano, p.2, 18/01/2008.Our research consists in verifyng the impact of these interventions in this society, and how it accepts this heritaged past as true, an invented past, shaped in the present.

Correspondencias múltiples entre índices morfológicos cefálicos y postcefálicos en aborígenes del Gran Chaco Sudamericano

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Colantonio, Sonia Edith

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Los comportamientos correlativos de los índices cefálicos y postcefálicos en los análisis de relaciones intergrupales no han sido suficientemente explorados hasta hoy. La escasez de datos de ambos segmentos corporales ha limitado este tipo de estudios. A la vez, otras estimaciones de la "forma" mediante ajustes del "tamaño" han sido propuestas, dándose por sentada su superioridad al uso de los índices. En este ensayo se analizan la correspondencia entre formas y la eficiencia discriminante de los índices, aprovechando los datos de la colección Vellard que comprende 1734 aborígenes provenientes de 12 grupos étnicos del Gran Chaco Sudamericano. Se empleó para ello el Análisis de Homogeneidad (HOMALS, mediante el cual se calcularon los vectores propios y los "pesos" tanto de las variables (índices cuanto de los grupos en las dimensiones principales de la variación, representando gráficamente su ubicación en el sistema coordenado de las mismas. Los resultados muestran similares relaciones entre las formas de la cabeza en hombres y en mujeres, pero en éstas hay una neta independencia entre las categorías de la porción neural y las de la facial. La mayor diferenciación morfológica de los chaquenses se registra en esas regiones cefálicas, mientras que a nivel del segmento postcefálico las etnias son más semejantes. Las relaciones morfológicas interétnicas son diferentes según el sexo considerado. En el interior de cada sexo, la topología obtenida es idéntica ya se tome en cuenta solamente la cabeza o ésta conjuntamente con el cuerpo.

Successful Treatment of Suspected Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Mealy Amazon Parrot (Amazona farinose).

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Brady, Sean M; Burgdorf-Moisuk, Anne; Silverman, Sarah; Wack, Raymund F

2016-12-01

A 25-year-old, male mealy Amazon parrot (Amazona farinose) with a history of polycythemia, hepatomegaly, and epistaxis was evaluated for progressive lethargy and anorexia. Clinical laboratory testing revealed severe polycythemia (71%), hypophosphatemia (1.6 mg/dL), and mild hypokalemia (2.8 mEq/L). Radiographs showed marked hepatomegaly and loss of air sac space. Despite supportive treatments, the bird's condition deteriorated, and it developed ataxia, was unable to fly, and became oxygen dependent. An echocardiogram, including an air bubble study, revealed a right-to-left atrial shunt and presumed pulmonary arterial hypertension. The bird was started on periodic phlebotomy (5-10 mL/kg q6wk) to reduce packed cell volume and sildenafil citrate (2.5 mg/kg PO q8h) for treatment of suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension. One week later, the patient was weaned off oxygen, and 24 days after initial presentation, the parrot was returned to its outdoor exhibit. Intermittent periods of increased respiratory rate and effort have been reported but have resolved without additional treatments. Epistaxis, once common in this bird, has not been noted since initiating treatment with sildenafil citrate 15 months ago.

Pharmacokinetics of Compounded Intravenous and Oral Gabapentin in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ).

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Baine, Katherine; Jones, Michael P; Cox, Sherry; Martín-Jiménez, Tomás

2015-09-01

Neuropathic pain is a manifestation of chronic pain that arises with damage to the somatosensory system. Pharmacologic treatment recommendations for alleviation of neuropathic pain are often multimodal, and the few reports communicating treatment of suspected neuropathic pain in avian patients describe the use of gabapentin as part of the therapeutic regimen. To determine the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ), compounded gabapentin suspensions were administered at 30 mg/kg IV to 2 birds, 10 mg/kg PO to 3 birds, and 30 mg/kg PO to 3 birds. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at 9 different time points after drug administration. Plasma samples were analyzed for gabapentin concentration, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with both a nonlinear mixed-effect approach and a noncompartmental analysis. The best compartmental, oral model was used to simulate the concentration-time profiles resulting from different dosing scenarios. Mild sedation was observed in both study birds after intravenous injection. Computer simulation of different dosing scenarios with the mean parameter estimates showed that 15 mg/kg every 8 hours would be a starting point for oral dosing in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots based on effective plasma concentrations reported for human patients; however, additional studies need to be performed to establish a therapeutic dose.

Comparison of osmolality and refractometric readings of Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (Amazona ventralis) urine.

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Brock, A Paige; Grunkemeyer, Vanessa L; Fry, Michael M; Hall, James S; Bartges, Joseph W

2013-12-01

To evaluate the relationship between osmolality and specific gravity of urine samples from clinically normal adult parrots and to determine a formula to convert urine specific gravity (USG) measured on a reference scale to a more accurate USG value for an avian species, urine samples were collected opportunistically from a colony of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Samples were analyzed by using a veterinary refractometer, and specific gravity was measured on both canine and feline scales. Osmolality was measured by vapor pressure osmometry. Specific gravity and osmolality measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.96). The linear relationship between refractivity measurements on a reference scale and osmolality was determined. An equation was calculated to allow specific gravity results from a medical refractometer to be converted to specific gravity values of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots: USGHAp = 0.201 +0.798(USGref). Use of the reference-canine scale to approximate the osmolality of parrot urine leads to an overestimation of the true osmolality of the sample. In addition, this error increases as the concentration of urine increases. Compared with the human-canine scale, the feline scale provides a closer approximation to urine osmolality of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots but still results in overestimation of osmolality.

Composição florística de plantas daninhas em um lago do Rio Solimões, Amazonas Floristic composition of weeds in a lake of Solimoes River, Amazonas, Brazil

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S.M.F. Albertino

2009-03-01

Full Text Available As áreas inundáveis localizadas na bacia dos rios Amazonas e Solimões são denominadas várzeas. A inundação é um evento natural que promove mudanças na estrutura e composição florística dessas comunidades. O conhecimento da diversidade de espécies é de fundamental importância para o entendimento da dinâmica da regeneração natural de espécies nos ecossistemas amazônicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo levantar a composição florística do solo do fundo do lago do Manaquiri-AM, em um período de seca excepcional, ocorrida em 2005, na Amazônia. Foram realizadas coletas de material botânico em duas áreas do lago, em novembro de 2005; para a amostragem, utilizou-se um quadrado de madeira de 0,36 m², atirado aleatoriamente por 20 vezes em cada local de estudo. A vegetação emergente foi de 5.958 indivíduos, distribuídos em sete famílias e nove espécies. As famílias mais representativas em número de espécies foram Poaceae e Cyperaceae. Cyperus esculentus e Luziola spruceana foram as mais frequentes, e Mimosa pudica e Alternanthera sessilis, as de maior abundância. C. esculentus e M. pudica apresentaram maior número de indivíduos, de densidade e de valor de importância. As espécies de plantas encontradas neste estudo mantiveram sua capacidade de crescer e se desenvolver mesmo após longo período submersas.The swamps located at the basins of the Amazonas and Solimões rivers are denominated "várzeas". In these areas, flooding is a natural event that changes the structure and composition of the local plants. Thus, knowing the species diversity in these Amazon region areas is extremely important to understand the dynamics of the natural regeneration of the Amazon ecosystem species. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to survey the soil floristic composition at the bottom of the Manaquiri Lake, Amazon, during an exceptional dry period in 2005. Plants were collected in two areas of the lake in November 2005. Flora

Los “empates” y la memoria del caucho

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Ana Pizarro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Los “empates” son formas de resistencia pacífica creadas por las poblaciones del Amazonas brasileño y utilizadas para detener el avance amenazador de las empresas de deforestación que invaden su espacio vital. Esta investigación busca demostrar que la disposición a esta confrontación se nutre de una memoria colectiva en la cual es posible identificar los ‘ecos’ de tres momentos cruciales para la historia del caucho en la región: el sistema de extracción del caucho de fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX; el episodio de la “Batalla del Caucho”, declarada por el Gobierno de Getúlio Vargas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial; y las luchas de Acre en la década de 1970, con el inicio de la estrategia de los “empates”. En el corazón de esta memoria colectiva se encuentran tanto la tradición oral como el silencio. Os “empates” são formas de resistência pacífica criadas pelas populações da Amazônia brasileira e utilizadas para deter o avanço ameaçador das empresas de desflorestação que invadem o seu espaço vital. Esta pesquisa procura demonstrar que essa disposição ao confronto se nutre de uma memória coletiva na qual é possível identificar os ‘ecos’ de três momentos cruciais na história da borracha na região: o sistema de extração da borracha ao final do século XIX e a princípio do XX; o episódio da “Batalha da Borracha”, declarada pelo governo de Getúlio Vargas durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial; e as lutas do Acre na década de 1970, com o início da estratégia dos “empates”. No coração de esta memória coletiva se encontram tanto a tradição oral quanto o silêncio. The empates are non-violent strategies of resistance devised by the inhabitants of the Brazilian Amazonia in order to stop the threatening advance of companies that are invading and deforesting their environment. This research attempts to demonstrate how this confrontation is informed by a collective

Desigualdades na mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Souza, Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de; Orellana, Jesem Douglas Yamall

2013-01-01

OBJETIVO: Analisar as taxas e algumas características da mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no Amazonas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em que os dados de óbito foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os populacionais no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram utilizados todos os registros de suicídio do período de 2006-2010 e a interpolação geométrica anual para a estimação das subpopulações. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 688 suicídio...

Isolamento e identificação de Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., Pediococcus spp. e Lactococcus spp. da microbiota intestinal de Papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva)

OpenAIRE

Luciana Allegretti

2009-01-01

No Brasil, o papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) é uma das aves mais procuradas como animal de estimação e comercializadas ilegalmente. Na literatura pouco é descrito sobre a microbiota intestinal de aves silvestres. O trato intestinal das aves é composto por inúmeras e diferentes espécies bacterianas. A grande maioria são bactérias gram-positivas pertencentes ao grupo de bactérias ácido-láticas. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar e identificar a presença de bactérias dos gêneros Lactoba...

Diversidade de Agaricales (Basidiomycota na Reserva Biológica Walter Egler, Amazonas, Brasil Diversity of Agaricales (Basidiomycota in the Reserva Biológica Walter Egler, Amazonas, Brazil

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Helenires Queiroz de Souza

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo dos representantes da Ordem Agaricales Clements (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycotina, ocorrentes na Reserva Biológica Walter Egler, situada na Estrada AM-010, Manaus-Itacoatiara, Km 64, Latitude 02° 43' S e Longitude 59° 47' W, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas. A área abrange 709 ha de floresta de terra firme primária. As coletas foram realizadas no período de dezembro de 2000 a junho de 2001 e seguiu-se a metodologia usual para identificação de Agaricales. Foram estudadas um total de 39 espécies, distribuídas em 13 gêneros e seis famílias: Polyporaceae: Pleurotus sp.; Hygrophoraceae: Hygrocybe cf. megistospora, Hygrocybe aff. miniceps, Hygrocybe occidentalis var. scarletina, e mais oito espécies de Hygrocybe indeterminadas; Tricholomataceae: Clitocybe sp., Hydropus sp.1 e Hydropus sp.2, Macrocystidia sp., Marasmiellus sp., Marasmius bellus, Marasmius haedinus var. haedinus,Marasmius cf. leoninus, Marasmius cf. mazatecus, Marasmius cf. ruber,Marasmius cf. setulosifolius, Marasmius tageticolor, Marasmius cf. variabiliceps var. variabiliceps, Marasmius sp.1, Marasmius sp.2, Marasmius sp.3 e Marasmius sp.4, Tricholoma sp.; Agaricaceae: Agaricus sp.1 e Agaricus sp.2, Lepiota sp., Cystoderma sp.; Entolomataceae: Entoloma cf. azureoviride, Entoloma cf. cystidiophorum, Entoloma strigosissima, Entoloma sp.; Russulaceae: Lactarius panuoides. Destas, Entoloma azureoviride, Hygrocybe miniceps, Lactarius panuoides, Marasmius cf. mazatecus, Marasmius cf. setulosifolius e Marasmius variabiliceps var. variabiliceps, provavelmente, estão sendo aqui citadas pela primeira vez, para o Brasil. Com exceção de Marasmius tageticolor, as demais espécies são citadas pela primeira vez, para a Reserva Egler. São fornecidas tabelas com a ocorrência das espécies de acordo com o gradiente topográfico (baixio, vertente, platô e seus respectivos habitats.A study of the order Agaricales Clements (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycotina, occurring in

Characterization and genesis of waterfalls of the Presidente Figueiredo region, Northeast State of Amazonas, Brazil

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AFONSO C. R. NOGUEIRA

2001-06-01

Full Text Available The waterfalls of the Presidente Figueiredo municipality represent a fascinating natural scenery of northeast state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. The falls, generally less than 10m high, are developed on siliciclastic rocks of the Nhamundá (Lower Silurian, and Manacapuru (Upper Silurian - Lower Devonian formations. Morphological and structural analyses of these features indicate that most of them originated through Quaternary neotectonics and are installed in NE-trending normal fault escarpments. Waterfalls also developed within pseudokarstic features, but are less frequent. The origin of the Presidente Figueiredo waterfalls probably goes back to the Neogene, when the region was submitted to laterization processes associated with a humid climate and a dense rainforest. These conditions favored the development of caves in quartzarenites of the Nhamundá Formation. During the Quaternary, the region was subjected to NE-trending normal faulting which displaced laterite layers, rivers and streams giving rise to waterfalls. These climatic and tectonic phenomena promoted intense relief dissection, as indicated by fault escarpment retreat and cave dismantlement, responsible for the present-day morphologic configuration.As cachoeiras da região de Presidente Figueiredo constituem um dos mais fascinantes cenários naturais do nordeste do Estado do Amazonas, norte do Brasil. As quedas, geralmente com menos de 10m de altura, são desenvolvidas em rochas siliciclásticas das formações Nhamundá (Siluriano inferior e Manacapuru (Siluriano superior-Devoniano inferior. Os estudos morfológico e estrutural dessas feições indicam que a maioria dessas quedas de água originaram-se por neotectônica quaternária e encontram-se instaladas em escarpas de falhas normais NE-SW. Ocorrem, ainda, com menor freqüência, cachoeiras evoluídas a partir de feições pseudocársticas. A origem das cachoeiras de Presidente Figueiredo provavelmente remonta ao Ne

OPEN INNOVATION PROJECT: THE SYSTEM OF ONLINE INDICATORS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION OF AMAZONAS (SiON

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Moises Andrade Coelho

2016-05-01

Full Text Available This study aims to evaluate the implementation of an open innovation project in a public institution in the state of Amazonas. The theoretical and empirical background deals with science, technology and innovation indicators and open innovation. The study is characterized as a qualitative and descriptive research, with the case study as a methodological procedure. The delimitation of the universe was composed by a public institution in the area of science, technology and innovation (ST&I. In the case study, it was used an approach as tool to assess the implementation of open innovation projects. The results are shown several stages of open innovation project analyzed.  The study demonstrates the implications of open innovation project adoption to the strengthening of external networks and the maturing of the internal environment. The relevance of the study is based on the evaluation of an open innovation project in a public institution in order to foster the transition from traditional innovation processes to open innovation processes.

Hacia la resolución de los conflictos entre la protección de la diversidad cultural y el reconocimiento de los derechos de las mujeres

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Mariana Ardila Trujillo

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El texto busca sentar algunos puntos partida para abordar la solución de los conflictos que se presentan entre los derechos de las mujeres y el respeto y protección de la diversidad cultural. Se presenta una tensión entre estos dos extremos cuando un reclamo de igualdad sexual choca con una característica que se juzga distintiva de una nación, una etnia o una religión según la cual hombres y mujeres no deben recibir el mismo trato. Aunque la apuesta del derecho internacional es clara a favor de los derechos de las mujeres en este tipo de conflictos, se debe desechar la opción de darles una única respuesta de todo o nada pues ello significaría desconocer el valor normativo del respeto a la diversidad cultural, salvo los casos de violencia contra la mujer, en los cuales siempre se debe estar a favor de su eliminación. Así, al abordar los conflictos entre los derechos de las mujeres y la diversidad cultural, estos deben ser situados geográfica e históricamente y no se puede dejar de considerar la posición de las mujeres pertenecientes a esa etnia, nación o religión, partiendo de la base de que las culturas son cambiantes y conflictivas y que también son usadas, en muchas ocasiones, para mantener espacios de poder.

Un cuento hispano en la Araucanía

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Contreras Oyarzún, Constantino

1997-12-01

Full Text Available The analysis of a folktale recently recorded in the Araucanian región of southern Chile is presented here. This oral text, recited by a Mapuche native, is a version of Type 302 in the Aame-Thompson's International Index and manifests very well the structural features of the «Wondrous» in the Hispanic-European Folk Tradition. The original versión, accompanied by linguistic notes, is appended to the study.Se presenta el análisis de un cuento folklórico registrado recientemente en la Araucanía (sur de Chile. El texto oral, mantenido por un nativo de la etnia mapuche, es una versión del Tipo 302 del índice internacional de Aarne-Thompson y conserva bastante bien los rasgos estructurales del cuento maravilloso de raigambre hispano-europea. A continuación del estudio, se presenta la versión recogida acompañada de notas lingüísticas.

La influencia del género en la utilización de valores democráticos que garantizan la inclusión educativa intercultural

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María Tomé Fernández

2013-04-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad la sociedad está formada por individuos de diferentes religiones, etnias o culturas. Ante esta situación, la utilización de valores comunes puede ser la garantía del éxito de la convivencia. A estos valores los denominamos democráticos, porque garantizarán la eficacia en la convivencia pluralista, y en su transmisión toma un papel primordial la educación intercultural llevada a cabo en las escuelas. ¿Pero en la práctica intercultural el género del alumnado influye en la utilización de estos valores? Responder a esta cuestión es el objetivo de nuestra investigación. Este estudio, se centra en conocer la relación entre el género y la utilización de valores democráticos. Se utilizó una muestra de 493 adolescentes (48.70% mujeres, 100% blancos, Medad=13.91%, SD=0.29 pertenecientes a la ciudad de Tromsø (Noruega. Tres tipos de valores democráticos fueron evaluados (valores primarios, secundarios y terciarios. Los resultados concluyen que son las adolescentes las que más utilizan en la práctica intercultural estos tipos de valores. Además, aunque ambas muestras concuerdan en considerar al mismo valor como el que menos utilizarían en la práctica intercultural, sus preferencias difieren cuando se trata de elegir al valor que más utilizarían en dicha situación.

Mansonella ozzardi in the municipality of Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil, 60 years after the first report: an epidemiologic study

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Jansen Fernandes Medeiros

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The prevalence of mansonelliasis was studied in the municipality of Tefé, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The prevalence (thick blood smear method was 13.6% (147/1,078, higher in the Solimões River region (16.3% than in the Tefé River region (6.3%. In the sampled communities in the Solimões River region, a higher density of cases was observed, as indicated by a kernel analysis (odds ratio 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.57. Males had a higher prevalence (χ2 = 31.292, p < 0.001 than women. Mansonella ozzardi prevalence was higher in retirees and farmers (28.9% and 27%, respectively. Prevalence also significantly increased with age (χ2 = -128.17, p < 0.001, with the highest numbers occurring in persons older than 67 years.

Ocorrência de enteroparasitas na população geronte de Nova Olinda do Norte Amazonas, Brasil Occurrence of enteroparasites in the elderly population of Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil

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Ana Felisa Hurtado-Guerrero

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo para avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitas em um grupo de idosos ribeirinhos, moradores do Município de Nova Olinda do Norte, Estado do Amazonas Brasil, no período de abril e agosto de 1999. Por meio de um estudo de corte transversal foram analisados 81 exames, através do método de Sedimentação Espontânea (Método de Hoffman et al., 1934. Foi constatada positividade em 72,8% dos idosos, predominando o monoparasitismo (43,2%. Os helmintos foram os mais freqüentes (70,4%, destacando-se: Ascaris lumbricoides (35,2%, Trichuris trichiura (16,0%, Ancylostoma duodenale (9,0% e Strongyloides stercoralis (9,0%. Dentre os protozoários (29,5%, a ocorrência de Entamoeba coli foi de 18,2%, Giárdia lamblia de 7,0% e Entamoeba histolytica 4,5%. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre sexo e grau de parasitismo e entre faixas etárias e condição parasitária. Estes resultados evidenciam um quadro de alta prevalência de parasitas intestinais nesta população e discordam dos reportados por outros pesquisadores quando afirmam que a intensidade da infestação por parasitas diminui na idade avançada. Os achados anteriores exigem das autoridades governamentais medidas de controle e educação para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses idosos, considerando a grave repercussão que esses parasitas tem no estado nutricional dos gerontes de baixa renda.A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of enteroparasites attacking elderly people living in a riverside city of the Municipal district of Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas State Brazil. In this cross sectional study were examined the faecal material from 81 elderly people using the method of spontaneous sedimentation (Hoffman et al., 1934. It was found a positiveness in 72,8% of the elderly people examined, predominating the mono parasitism (43,2%. The helminths were more frequents (70,3%: Ascaris lumbricoides (35,2%, Trichuris trichiura (16

Distancias genéticas en poblaciones del NOA

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Acreche, Noemí

1996-01-01

Full Text Available La mayor parte de los trabajos realizados en nuestro país sobre polimorfismos hematológicos, abordan la necesaria descripción de las poblaciones. Se pone de relieve la importancia de encarar estudios, en base a la valiosa información publicada, que vinculen los grupos con técnicas que permitan realizar nuevas inferencias sobre sus relaciones. Conocidas en gran medida en cuanto a sus manifestaciones culturales, pueden aportar desde lo genético a la comprensión de los procesos microevolutivos ocurridos en una región. Para el NOA, se ha considerado la presencia de comunidades aborígenes incluídas en cuatro familias lingüísticas. Se tendrán en cuenta estos complejos como representativos de afinidades que se establecen a partir de estrechas relaciones entre las etnias, no sólo por la lengua, sino también por las características de sus sistemas productivos, religiosidad y organización. En base a las frecuencias génicas publicadas correspondientes a los siguientes alelos: I*A, I*B, I*O; M, N, S, s; Dia , Dib; P1, P2; C, c; D, d, E, e; Le, le; Fya, Fyb; Jka, Jkb; K y k se construyeron tablas de frecuencias. Se estimaron los coeficientes de distancias genéticas que fueron analizados y posteriormente incluídos en la construcción de un fenograma de los grupos de estudio, mediante agrupaciones (Sahn Cluster secuenciales, aglomerativas, jerárquicas y anidadas. De acuerdo a la información recopilada de las frecuencias de los 25 alelos estudiados en trece poblaciones de aborígenes del NOA y Paraguay, las distancias genéticas obtenidas reflejan los caracteres lingüístico-culturales.

Antinociceptive effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; KuKanich, Butch; Keuler, Nicholas S; Klauer, Julia M; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2011-06-01

To evaluate the antinociceptive effects and duration of action of nalbuphine HCl administered IM on thermal thresholds in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 14 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex. 3 doses of nalbuphine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, IM) and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) were evaluated in a blinded complete crossover experimental design by use of foot withdrawal threshold to a noxious thermal stimulus. Baseline data on thermal threshold were generated 1 hour before administration of nalbuphine or saline solution; thermal threshold measurements were obtained 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after administration. Nalbuphine administered IM at 12.5 mg/kg significantly increased the thermal threshold (mean change, 2.4°C), compared with results for the control treatment, and significantly changed thermal threshold for up to 3 hours, compared with baseline results (mean change, 2.6° to 3.8°C). Higher doses of nalbuphine did not significantly change thermal thresholds, compared with results for the control treatment, but had a significant effect, compared with baseline results, for up to 3 and 1.5 hours after administration, respectively. Nalbuphine administered IM at 12.5 mg/kg significantly increased the foot withdrawal threshold to a thermal noxious stimulus in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Higher doses of nalbuphine did not result in significantly increased thermal thresholds or a longer duration of action and would be expected to result in less analgesic effect than lower doses. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of nalbuphine in psittacine species.

La caucheria en la literatura latinoamericana bajo la pluma de Gallegos y Rivera

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Ana del Pilar Banda Mora

2016-12-01

Full Text Available En el presente ensayo se analiza la vinculación entre las novelas Canaima, del venezolano Rómulo Gallegos y la Vorágine del colombiano José Eustacio Rivera, en ambas se relata la explotación cauchera y la institucionalidad engendrada para tal fin. Además de mostrarse la esclavitud, el crimen y el irrespeto para el pueblo aborigen, mediante un Paraestado instalado en las selvas de las afluentes de los ríos Orinoco y Amazonas, allí donde se consolidó el monopolio de la explotación del caucho natural, ligado a los mercados internacionales en la nueva era del automóvil.

Valoración económica y social de un parque urbano de la Ciudad de México

OpenAIRE

Flores Xolocotzi,Ramiro

2012-01-01

Se realizó un análisis de estudios de caso que demostró diversos problemas sociales en los parques urbanos del mundo, destacando un problema histórico de exclusión de grupos vulnerables como mujeres, hombres homosexuales, etnias/razas y personas con capacidades diferentes. Bajo una óptica de equidad e inclusión se sugiere que los planificadores de parques contemplen una visión paisajística que permita el desarrollo de un Sistema Integral de Espacios Verdes Citadinos que comprenda esquemas de ...

Evaluación participativa: filosofía de intervención colaborativa en la Iniciativa Urban Murcia. Espíritu Santo

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Verde Mártín, Carmen María; Martínez Gómez, Rosa

2013-01-01

El Ayuntamiento de Murcia está desarrollando, en el marco de la política de Cohesión de la UE, el proyecto de Iniciativa Urbana. "URBAN Espíritu Santo", destinado a la regeneración socioeconómica de una barriada desfavorecida de la periferia de la ciudad. En la zona residen unas 4000 personas -un 25% de etnia gitana-, y ha sufrido una degradación progresiva como consecuencia del bajo nivel educativo, actividad económica marginal y otras. El proyecto, adoptando la cultura como elemento innovad...

Seleção de ideótipos de espécies florestais de múltiplo uso em planícies fluviais do Baixo Amazonas, Pará

OpenAIRE

Martínez,Gladys Beatriz; Mourão Junior,Moisés; Brienza Junior,Silvio

2010-01-01

A pesquisa objetivou selecionar ideótipos arbóreos de múltiplo uso, baseado em informações etnobotânicas de comunidades ribeirinhas de planícies fluviais do Baixo Amazonas, Pará, para uso em sistemas silvipastoris. Como essas áreas foram antropizadas pela agricultura seguida da pecuária, esses sistemas são considerados alternativas viáveis para sua recuperação. Por meio de pesquisa participativa junto aos ribeirinhos, foi utilizado um questionário semi-estruturado para determinar as espécies ...

Causas de óbito em pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, necropsiados na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas Causes of death among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome autopsied at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas

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Sílvia Leopoldina Santos de Souza

2008-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar em 129 pacientes com AIDS, necropsiados na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas de 1996 a 2003, as causas do óbito, observando o grau de concordância entre os diagnósticos necroscópicos com os diagnósticos clínicos. A doença mais freqüente que causou o óbito foi tuberculose 28%, seguida de pneumonia bacteriana 17%, histoplasmose 13%, toxoplasmose 10%, pneumocistose 8%, criptococose 5%, sepse bacteriana 4% e 15% outras causas. A concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico antemortem e a necropsia foi de 51,9%. O principal órgão acometido foi o pulmão 82,2%. O tempo de sobrevivência após o diagnóstico laboratorial até o óbito variou entre um mês e 120 meses. A média de sobrevivência foi 15 dias e 56% morreram menos de um mês após o diagnóstico, 15 pacientes morreram na mesma data do diagnóstico. Esses resultados demonstram a importância da necropsia na causa mortis em pacientes com AIDS.The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of death among 129 AIDS patients that were autopsied at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas between 1996 and 2003. The degree of concordance between the autopsy diagnoses and the clinical diagnoses was observed. The disease that most frequently caused death was tuberculosis (28%, followed by bacterial pneumonia (17%, histoplasmosis (13%, toxoplasmosis (10%, pneumocystosis (8%, cryptococcosis (5%, bacterial sepsis (4% and other causes (15%. The concordance between the clinical diagnosis before death and the autopsy was 51.9%. The main organ involved was the lungs (82.2%. The length of survival from the time of the laboratory diagnosis to death ranged from one month to 120 months. The mean length of survival was 15 days and 56% died less than one month after the diagnosis, while 15 patients died on the same day that they were diagnosed. These results show the importance of autopsies in elucidating the causes of death among AIDS patients.

Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae em um foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na área periurbana de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae in a focus of American cutaneous leishmaniasis on the urban periphery of Manaus, State of Amazonas

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Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa

2008-10-01

Full Text Available No período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002, usando armadilhas CDC e Disney, realizaram-se coletas de flebotomíneos, na base de árvores no peridomicílio e nas matas da Comunidade São João, área periurbana de Manaus, Amazonas. Foram capturados 4.104 espécimes, pertencentes a quatro subtribos, 13 gêneros e 49 espécies da subfamília Phlebotominae. Predominou a subtribo Psychodopygina com 3.403 (83% espécimes, destacando-se Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia anduzei, Trichophoromyia eurypyga, Bichromomyia olmeca nociva e Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. O registro de Nyssomyia umbratilis e Nyssomyia anduzei, incriminadas como vetoras de Leishmania (Viannia guyanensis, e de Bichromomyia flaviscutellata e Bichromomyia olmeca nociva, de Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis, indicam risco de infecção para os moradores da área. A grande maioria (98,5% dos flebotomíneos foi capturada na área de mata. Nyssomyia anduzei e Bichromomyia olmeca nociva foram coletadas no peridomicílio. A riqueza de espécies vetoras de Leishmania nessa área revela a necessidade de uma vigilância entomológica constante.From August 2001 to July 2002, sand flies were collected from the bases of trees and, using CDC and Disney traps, from areas surrounding homes and forested areas in the São João community, on the urban periphery of Manaus, State of Amazonas. 4,104 specimens belonging to four subtribes, 13 genera and 49 species of the Phlebotominae subfamily were collected. The subtribe Psychodopygina predominated, with 3,403 (83% specimens, especially of Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia anduzei, Trichophoromyia eurypyga, Bichromomyia olmeca nociva and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. The occurrences of Nyssomyia umbratilis and Nyssomyia anduzei, which have been incriminated as vectors for Leishmania (Viannia guyanensis, and of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and Bichromomyia olmeca nociva, for Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis, indicate that there is a risk of infection

Estudos florísticos no município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brasil - II: famílias Myristicaceae, Siparunaceae e Monimiaceae Floristic studies in township of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil - II: families Myristicaceae, Siparunaceae and Monimiaceae

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José Augusto Coelho da Silva

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O Município de Presidente Figueiredo, do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, foi visitado durante três anos consecutivos (1996 a 1999, com o objetivo de obter-se amostras botânicas da área para estudos do Subprojeto "Elaboração de Revisões e Monografias Taxonômicas", com a finalidade de elaborar-se a Flórula para o Município. As coleções feitas nesse período encontram-se depositadas no acervo do Herbário do INPA e as informações gerais sobre os taxa aqui estudados foram complementadas com as obtidas das coleções feitas anteriormente por outros pesquisadores. Para a família Myristicaceae Br. R. foram identificadas 23 espécies e duas variedades, distribuídas em quatro gêneros. Destes, Iryanthera Warb. e Virola Aubl. destacaram-se pela diversidade em espécies, sendo Iryanthera ulei Warb. e Virola calophylla (Spruce Warb. var. calophylla as espécies mais coletadas. A família Monimiaceae Juss. está representada apenas pelo gênero Mollinedia Ruiz & Pavón, pela espécie M. ovata Ruiz & Pavón; já a família Siparunaceae (A. DC. Schodde encontra-se representada pelo gênero Siparuna Aubl. com oito espécies, sendo S. cristata (Poepp. & Endl. A. DC. a espécie mais coletada.The Township of Presidente Figueiredo, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, was visited for three consecutive years, from 1996 to 1999, with the aim of acquiring botanical samples from the area, in order to carry out studies on the "Taxonomic Monographies and Revisions Preparation" Subproject for the purpose of preparing a survey of the flora. Collections pertaining to the present work are deposited at INPA's herbarium and, general information on the taxa studied here were complemented with those obtained from earlier collections conducted by other researchers. Twenty three (23 species and two varieties, distributed in four genera were identified for family Myristicaceae Br. R. Of these Iryanthera Warb. and Virola Aubl. stood out on account of their species diversity

Eight new species of Oragua Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil, with description of the female terminalia of Oragua jurua Young, 1977, and new records for the genus.

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Camisão, Beatriz M; Cavichioli, Rodney R; Takiya, Daniela M

2014-07-29

The thirty known species of Oragua are distributed from southern Mexico to Argentina. Seventeen species are recorded from Brazil, but only O. elegantula Young, 1977, O. insipida Young, 1977, and O. jurua Young, 1977 are recorded from Amazonas State. Oragua partitula (Jacobi, 1905) is herein firstly recorded from Brazil, ocurring in Amazonas State. The aim of the study was to describe eight new species of Oragua, to provide a key to males of the species of the genus that are recorded from Amazonas State and to study in detail the female terminalia of these new species. Also, the female of O. jurua Young, 1977 is herein described for the first time. Oragua alerochae sp. nov. has the external color pattern similar to O. bifasciata Cavichioli, 2000, however, the head is darker, the forewings are paler and the stripes are thinner, aedeagus is much more curved with long apical processes, and apex of paraphyses rami are curved. Oragua aurantimaculata sp. nov. is similar externally to O. elegantula and Oragua jau sp. nov. as they share the body brown with three orange maculae on crown and orange maculae on forewings, but it has the aedeagus with shaft enlarged medially with a pair of apical processes curved anteriorly and connective more slender. Oragua bella sp. nov. is dark with orange spots, aedeagus with basal elongated processes extending to the apex of the pygofer, with the basal portion enlarged and narrowing toward the apex. Oragua copiosa sp. nov. is dark with small pale dots all over the body, paraphyses rami are slender and their apices expanded, and styles with hooked apex, extending posteriorly beyond the connective apex. Oragua gracilenta sp. nov. has the external color similar to O. galerula, but it can be distinguished by the brown ground color, absence of two maculae near median line just before posterior margin on pronotum and apex of rami of paraphyses bifurcate and not truncate. Oragua jau sp. nov. has the external color similar to O. elegantula, but

Static and dynamic (18) FDG-PET in normal hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Souza, Marcy J; Wall, Jonathan S; Stuckey, Alan; Daniel, Gregory B

2011-01-01

Positron emission tomography (PET) is often used to stage and monitor human cancer and has recently been used in a similar fashion in veterinary medicine. The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical is 2-Deoxy-2-[(18) F]-Fluoro-d-glucose ((18) F-FDG), which is concentrated and trapped within cells that use glucose as their energy substrate. We characterized the normal distribution of (18) F-FDG in 10 healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) by performing whole body PET scans at steady state, 60min after injection. Significant variability was found in the intestinal activity. Avian species are known to reflux fluid and electrolytes from their cloaca into their colon. To evaluate reflux as the cause of variability in intestinal distribution of (18) F-FDG, dynamic PET scans were performed on the coelomic cavity of six Hispaniolan Amazon parrots from time 0 to 60min postinjection of radiotracer. Reflux of radioactive material from the cloaca into the colon occurred in all birds to varying degrees and occurred before 60min. To evaluate the intestinal tract of clinical avian patients, dynamic scans must be performed starting immediately after injection so that increased radioactivity due to metabolism or hypermetabolic lesions such as cancer can be differentiated from increased radioactivity due to reflux of fluid from the cloaca. © 2010 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.

Conodont color alteration index and upper Paleozoic thermal history of the Amazonas Basin, Brazil

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Cardoso, Cassiane Negreiros; Sanz-López, Javier; Blanco-Ferrera, Silvia; Lemos, Valesca Brasil; Scomazzon, Ana Karina

2015-12-01

The conodont color alteration index (CAI) was determined in elements from core samples of the Frasnian Barreirinha Formation (one well) and of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Tapajós Group (twenty three wells and one limestone quarry) in the Amazonas Basin. The thermal history of the basin is analyzed using the CAI value distribution represented in maps and stratigraphic sections through correlation schemes, and in conjunction with previously published data. The pattern of palaeotemperatures for CAI values of 1.5-3 is coincident with organic matter maturation under a sedimentary overburden providing diagenetic conditions in the oil/gas window. Locally, conodonts show metamorphism (CAI value of 6-7) in relation to the intrusion of diabase bodies in beds including high geothermal gradient evaporites. Microtextural alteration on the surface conodonts commonly shows several types of overgrowth microtextures developed in diagenetic conditions. Locally, recrystallization in conodonts with a high CAI value is congruent with contact metamorphism in relation to Mesozoic intrusions. The CAI values of 1.5 or 2 observed close to the surface in several areas of the basin may be interpreted in relation to a high thermal palaeogradient derived from the magmatic episode or/and to the local denudation of the upper part of the Paleozoic succession prior to this thermal event.

Regionalização em Saúde no Amazonas: avanços e desafios

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Luiza Garnelo

Full Text Available Resumo O artigo analisa o processo de regionalização em saúde no estado do Amazonas por meio de estudo de caso da regional em Saúde Entorno de Manaus. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-analítica, cujos dados foram coletados através de entrevistas, revisão de documentos e de páginas de internet, tomando como conceito guia a regionalização em saúde. Os achados do estudo mostram uma cena social onde predominam a assimetria, a verticalidade, a competitividade e a fragilidade das relações multilaterais entre municípios, associados a um perfil cartorial das instituições que atuam na região de saúde sob estudo. Os agentes políticos envolvidos no processo têm limitado reconhecimento das condições sociopolíticas e institucionais em que atuam. Tendem a atribuir os problemas de gestão e operacionalização das redes de assistência à configuração dos espaços naturais-geográficos amazônicos, mas seu financiamento, governança e capacidade técnica são insuficientes para superá-los.

Interetnicidad y espacios de convivencia. Indígenas, españoles y africanos en la Mérida novohispana, 1542-1620

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Jorge Victoria Ojeda

2015-05-01

Full Text Available En este artículo los autores, apoyados principalmente en material de archivo proveniente del Sagrario de la ciudad de Mérida, y en otras fuentes históricas y bibliográficas, proponen desdibujar antiguas ideas acerca de la ocupación del centro de Mérida en el siglo xvi y primeros años del siguiente, basado únicamente por españoles y sus descendientes. Asimismo, plantean que la ocupación del pueblo maya de Santa Lucía como barrio para los africanos y sus castas, no corresponde a su lectura en los textos históricos del Sagrario. Por último, bosquejan una relación de convivencia entre las etnias existentes en el centro de la ciudad –españoles, mayas y africanos–, mucho más dinámica que lo que se ha sugerido hasta ahora, puesto que en el lapso estudiado se propone que parte de esos grupos vivían en el mismo solar que muchos de los vecinos españoles.

Uso de psicotrópicos entre universitários da área da saúde da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brasil Use of psychoactive drugs by health sciences undergraduate students at the Federal University in Amazonas, Brazil

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Ana Cyra dos Santos Lucas

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um levantamento sobre uso de psicotrópicos entre estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil, em uma amostra de 521 alunos. O "uso na vida" de álcool foi relatado por 87,7% dos estudantes (IC95%: 85,34-90,06 e o de tabaco por 30,7% (IC 95%: 27,39-34,01, sendo o último maior entre estudantes do sexo masculino (39,7%; IC95%: 33,33-46,01. As substâncias ilegais mais usadas foram: solventes (11,9%; IC95%: 9,57-14,23, maconha (9,4%; IC95%: 7,30-11,50, anfetamínicos e ansiolíticos (ambos com 9,2%; IC95%: 7,12-11,28, cocaína (2,1%; IC95%: 1,07- 3,13 e alucinógenos (1,2%; IC95%: 0,42-1,98. O principal motivo relatado para o uso de drogas ilegais foi a curiosidade. O "uso na vida" de esteróides anabolizantes foi citado por 2,1% dos estudantes. O uso abusivo de álcool nos últimos 30 dias foi relatado por 12,4% dos universitários. Entre os eventos ocorridos após a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, os estudantes citaram envolvimento em briga (4,7%, acidentes (2,4%, faltaà escola (33,7%, falta ao trabalho (11,8% e condução de veículos (47,3%. A opinião sobre as drogas e o padrão de uso dos estudantes não diferem muito dos estudos semelhantes em outras regiões do Brasil.A survey was conducted with 521 undergraduate health sciences students from the Federal University in Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. Lifetime alcohol consumption was reported by 87.7% students, as compared to 30.7% for tobacco, with the latter reported more frequently by males (39.7%. The most common illicit drugs were solvents (11.9%, marijuana (9.4%, amphetamines and anxiolytics (9.2% each, cocaine (2.1%, and hallucinogens (1.2%. The main reason for illicit drug use was curiosity. Lifetime use of anabolic steroids was reported by 2.1% of the students. Alcohol abuse in the previous 30 days was reported by 12.4% of the students. Events following drinking included: fights (4.7%, accidents (2.4%, classroom

Destino ambiental dos agrot?xicos e avalia??o de risco ambiental e humano nos munic?pios de Manaus, Iranduba e Careiro da V?rzea, no Estado do Amazonas

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Campos, Paola Souto

2009-01-01

O plantio de frutas e hortali?as no Estado do Amazonas est? sendo realizado com intensivo uso de agrot?xicos. Esta utiliza??o abusiva e incorreta pode estar acarretando a contamina??o ambiental e tamb?m dos agricultores e consumidores das frutas e verduras produzidas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco para o ambiente e a sa?de humana associado ao uso de agrot?xico em ?reas agr?colas do munic?pio de Manaus, Iranduba e Careiro da V?rzea. Res?duos de agrot?xicos (deltame...

Características del maltrato hacia estudiantes de medicina de una universidad pública del Perú

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Fernando Munayco-Guillén

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos.Determinar las características del maltrato hacia estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad pública en la provincia de Ica, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Investigación transversal realizada el 2012 en una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de Medicina de primer a sexto año de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga. Se elaboró una encuesta con un total de 23 ítems en una escala likert, para medir la percepción de maltrato de tipo psicológico, físico, académico y sexual; se usaron análisis estadísticos univariados y bivariados. Resultados. Se encuestaron 281 estudiantes. La percepción de maltrato psicológico fue 96,8%, académico 86,8%, físico 62,6% y sexual 20,6%; el maltrato físico se incrementó durante el ciclo de estudio clínico-quirúrgico (p=0,001. Los médicos docentes y médicos residentes fueron los principales agresores. Estudiantes hombres reportaron con mayor frecuencia haber recibido tareas como castigo, no recibir los créditos por su trabajo, maltrato físico, amenazas verbales, insultos o recibir burlas con respecto a su etnia; mientras que el maltrato sexual fue mayor en mujeres. El reporte de maltrato sexual fue más frecuente en la universidad (45,3%, p=0,002 y el hospital (45,0%, p=0,046. Las mujeres reportaron con mayor frecuencia no saber a quién o dónde acudir para denunciar el maltrato (54,6%, p=0,042 y no denunciarlo porque se detuvo el maltrato (56,9%, p=0,048. Conclusiones.Existe una alta prevalencia de maltrato, donde las características de los estudiantes según el sexo, los ciclos de estudio y el agresor permiten identificar los tipos de maltrato que reciben los estudiantes de medicina.

Determinantes e conseqüências da insegurança alimentar no Amazonas: a influência dos ecossistemas Alimentary insecurity determinants and consequences at Amazonas: ecosystems influences

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Fernando Hélio Alencar

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Nesta revisão foram investigados os principais determinantes da transição epidemiológica, nutricional e do padrão de atividade física vivenciados pelos brasileiros nas últimas três décadas. Constata-se nestas pesquisas a exclusão sistemática da região Norte-rural do novo cenário epidemiológico nacional, atualmente caracterizado pelo declínio da desnutrição infantil e elevação concomitante da obesidade, além da ausência de informações científicas a respeito das condições de saúde, nutrição e sobrevivência das populações de praticamente todos os estados da região Norte. Especificamente para o estado do Amazonas é referida a menor estatura entre as crianças brasileiras, o que evidencia exposição à carências nutricionais de longa duração. Do mesmo modo, a análise evolutiva das pesquisas regionais caracteriza a persistência de um quadro grave de insegurança alimentar. Entretanto, sabe-se que a Amazônia é detentora de uma grande diversidade em peixes e frutos, o que deveria representar uma abundante oferta e utilização de proteína de boa qualidade biológica, calorias, vitaminas, minerais, e assim, viabilizar um adequado padrão de saúde, nutrição e qualidade de vida para sua população. A realidade social e econômica, bem como o quadro de precariedade da saúde e da nutrição da Região contrastam com a sua riqueza em recursos naturais. Para o entendimento deste evidente paradoxo foram investigados os componentes do bioma amazônico quanto à: heterogeneidade, complexidade, fragilidade, interatividade e suas relações com o potencial alimentar da região, bem como seu poder de influência na determinação do binômio saúde versus nutrição para os habitantes dos seus diferentes ecossistemas.In this review were investigated the principal determinants of the epidemic transition, nutritional and of the pattern of physical activity lived on by Brazilians in the last three decades. It is verified

Atrofia nutricional e nanismo nutricional em escolares de Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brasil

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Luís Enrique Gainette-Prates

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tuvo como propósito evaluar la prevalencia de atrofia nutricional y enanismo nutricional en estudiantes, de 6 a 11 años de edad, de escuelas públicas de Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brasil. Fue realizado un estudio transversal en que fueron evaluados 340 estudiantes a través de datos antropométricos (peso y altura. Se utilizó los índices altura/edad y peso/edad basados en el score-z. Los estudiantes con altura/edad inferior a -2 desviación estándar fueron clasificados con atrofia nutricional y aquellas con peso/edad inferior a -2 desviación estándar con nanismo nutricional. El Consumo Energético-Proteico fue evaluado por medio de Cuestionario de Frecuencia Alimentaria. El ingreso familiar clasificado en clases económicas se basó en criterios de la Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Se verificó que 18 estudiantes (5,3% presentaron altura/edad abajo de -2 desviación estándar. Sin embargo, no hubo estudiantes con peso/edad abajo de desviación estándar. Se percibe que ni todos los estudiantes con déficit nutricional eran de clases económicamente vulnerables (C, D, E. El consumo alimentario evidenció carencia de proteínas y de calorías saludables en la dieta de los estudiantes, siendo el principal determinante de la desnutrición en esa población. No hubo correlación entre el nanismo nutricional y el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes.

Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Jansen Fernandes Medeiros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6% than in women (14.3% (p 58 (60.5%. The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%, followed by farm workers (47.1%. Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

Landscapes and ethno-knowledge in the Ticuna and Cocama agriculture at upper River Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil

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Sandra do Nascimento Noda

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The units of landscape in the Cocama and Ticuna agriculture, in the upper River Solimões, are characterized by productionarrangements and management of natural resources. This paper aims to characterize these agro-ecological based practices,the landscaped results and its regional applicability. The survey was conducted in Novo Paraíso, at Bom Intento Island,and in Nova Aliança, both located in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The social andeconomic organization of Ticuna and Cocama Peoples is founded on kinship and communal ownership of natural resources,including spaces for gathering. Family units, despite their weak linkages with the market and its rules, have in the logicof reciprocity the motivation for the production, transmission and management of resources and factors of production.The landscapes are reconstructed by agro-ecological production derived from ethno-knowledge and correspond to theinherent processes of management and conservation of flora and fauna. This process allows the existence of compleximbrications of constantly changing landscapes in which forms of production are recreated for sufficiency and sustainability.

Comunicación visual y desarrollo rural intercultural. Experiencia en la comuna de Lautaro, IX Región de Chile

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Patricia De la Peña C.

Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer algunos puntos de vista relacionados can una de Ias formas de comunicación que ha logrado ponerse, en mayor o menor grado, al alcance del hombre actual, cual es el cine y la televisión, y su relación con el impacto que podría causar en las comunidades rurales en donde se encuentran en contacto las etnias mapuche y no mapuche. Las experiencias que se darán a conocer, se han llevado a cabo en el marco del  plan integrado de Educación rural (PIER, iniciado en marzo de 1988, a partir de un Convenio que se estableció entre la Universidad de la frontera y la Municipalidad de Lautaro.

Diacronía y sincronía del contacto lingüístico en Patagonia sur

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Virkel, Ana Ester

2012-01-01

Desde su integración al Estado argentino, la región patagónica fue receptora de inmigrantes de muy diversas procedencias, quienes, integrándose con las etnias aborígenes preexistentes, configuraron un contexto multiétnico y multicultural, con la consiguiente diversidad lingüística. El propósito de este trabajo es trazar un esquemático itinerario a través de la historia lingüística de Chubut, Patagonia sur, focalizando el interés en una serie de procesos migratorios que impactan de modo sus...

Granulomatous encephalomyelitis and intestinal ganglionitis in a spectacled Amazon parrot (Amazona albifrons) infected with Mycobacterium genavense.

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Gomez, G; Saggese, M D; Weeks, B R; Hoppes, S M; Porter, B F

2011-01-01

An approximately 30-year-old male spectacled Amazon parrot (Amazona albifrons) was presented with a 2-week history of ataxia, head shaking, weight loss and seizures. Gross findings on necropsy examination included atrophy of the musculature, ruffled feathers and minimal epicardial and abdominal fat. Microscopically, there were perivascular cuffs of macrophages with fewer lymphocytes in the grey and white matter of the brain and spinal cord. These lesions were accompanied by gliosis and mild vacuolation of the white matter. In the small intestine, up to 70% of the intestinal ganglia were effaced by infiltrates of macrophages and fewer lymphocytes. The intestinal lamina propria contained multiple inflammatory aggregates of a similar nature. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed the presence of numerous bacilli within the cytoplasm of macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric ganglia. Amplification of the DNAJ gene confirmed a mycobacterial infection and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a species-specific primer confirmed the aetiology as Mycobacterium genavense. Infection of the CNS with Mycobacterium spp. is uncommon and has not been previously reported in a parrot. This case is unusual in that the organism exhibited tropism for neural tissue. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of atherosclerosis by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.).

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Fricke, Cornelia; Schmidt, Volker; Cramer, Kerstin; Krautwald-Junghanns, Maria-Elisabeth; Dorrestein, Gerry M

2009-09-01

The aim of the study was to characterize atherosclerotic changes in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Amazon parrots (Amazona spp.) by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Samples of the aorta ascendens and trunci brachiocephalici from 62 African grey parrots and 35 Amazon parrots were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and Elastica van Gieson for grading of atherosclerosis in these birds. Four different stages were differentiated. The incidence of atherosclerosis in the examined parrots was 91.9% in African grey parrots and 91.4% in Amazon parrots. To evaluate the pathogenesis in birds, immunohistochemical methods were performed to demonstrate lymphocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and chondroitin sulfate. According to the missing lymphocytes and macrophages and the absence of invasion and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in each atherosclerotic stage, "response-to-injury hypothesis" seems inapplicable in parrots. Additionally, we found alterations of vitally important organs (heart, lungs) significantly correlated with atherosclerosis of the aorta ascendens.

Violência contra crianças e adolescentes no Amazonas: análise dos registros

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Angela Costa Maia

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno frequente, mas pouco se conhece sobre o contexto em que ocorre e sobre suas consequências. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar esta violência no Interior do Estado do Amazonas. Foram analisados 193 registros do Relatório Txain sobre a Violência contra Crianças e Adolescentes. Como resultado, verificou-se que grande parte dos registros oficiais omitem informações. A agressão física é o tipo de violência mais relatado, e a maior parte das vítimas é constituída de adolescentes do sexo feminino de idades entre 12 e 15 anos. Os agressores são predominantemente desconhecidos das vítimas e são do sexo masculino. Em termos de consequências para a saúde, há referência a algumas lesões físicas, mas os dados são bastante omissos em relação à saúde mental. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de integralização e aprimoramento dos sistemas de registro, informação e atendimento a vítimas fora das grandes cidades.

A presumptive case of Baylisascaris procyonis in a feral green-cheeked Amazon parrot (Amazona viridigenalis).

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Done, Lisa B; Tamura, Yoko

2014-03-01

A feral green-cheeked Amazon parrot (Amazona viridigenalis), also known as the red-crowned Amazon, with generalized neurologic symptoms was found in Pasadena in Southern California and brought in for treatment. The bird was refractory to a wide variety of medications and supportive treatment. Tests for polyoma virus, psittacine beak and feather disease virus, and West Nile virus as well as Chlamydophila psittaci were negative. Hospitalized and home care continued for a total of 69 days. The bird was rehospitalized on day 66 for increasing severity of clinical signs and found 3 days later hanging with its head down, in respiratory arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. There were no gross pathologic lesions. Histopathology showed a focal subcutaneous fungal caseous granuloma under the skin of the dorsum. Many sarcocysts morphologically consistent with Sarcocystis falcatula were found in the cytoplasm of the skeletal myofibers from skeletal muscles of different locations of this bird, a finding that was considered an incidental, clinically nonsignificant finding in this case. Necrosis with microscopic lesions typical of Baylisascaris spp. neural larva migrans was in the brain. Although multiple histologic serial sections of the brain were examined and a brain squash performed and analyzed, no Baylisascaris larvae were found. This is the first presumptive case of Baylisascaris in a feral psittacine.

Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine hydrochloride after intravenous and intramuscular administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

Science.gov (United States)

Keller, Dominique L; Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Klauer, Julia M; KuKanich, Butch; Barker, Steven A; Rodríguez-Ramos Fernández, Julia; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2011-06-01

To assess the pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine HCl after IV and IM administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 8 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex. Nalbuphine HCl (12.5 mg/kg) was administered IV and IM to all birds in a complete randomized crossover study design; there was a washout period of 21 days between subsequent administrations. Plasma samples were obtained from blood collected at predetermined time points for measurement of nalbuphine concentration by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by use of computer software. Nalbuphine was rapidly eliminated with a terminal half-life of 0.33 hours and clearance of 69.95 mL/min/kg after IV administration and a half-life of 0.35 hours after IM administration. Volume of distribution was 2.01 L/kg after IV administration. The fraction of the dose absorbed was high (1.03) after IM administration. No adverse effects were detected in the parrots during the study. In Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, nalbuphine appeared to have good bioavailability after IM administration and was rapidly cleared after IV and IM administration. Safety and analgesic efficacy of various nalbuphine treatment regimens in this species require further investigation to determine the potential for clinical palliation of signs of pain in psittacine species.

Decapod crustaceans used as food by the Yanomami Indians of the Balawa-ú village, State of Amazonas, Brazil Crustáceos decápodos usados na alimentação pelos índios Yanomami da aldeia de Balawa-ú, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Célio Magalhães

2006-01-01

Full Text Available The Yanomami are a group of South American Indians that live in the rainforest along the borderlands of Brazil and Venezuela. They depend on hunting, gardening and wild food for survival; crustaceans are a highly prized food item in their diet. Taxonomical and ethnozoological aspects of the Yanomami Indians of the Balawa-ú village, state of Amazonas, Brazil, related to the crustaceans are described. Information and specimens were obtained from August to December, 2003. Interviews were conducted with residents of the village and focused on questions about species exploited, indigenous names, modes of capture and use of the species. One shrimp species of the family Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium brasiliense and two crab species of Trichodactylidae (Sylviocarcinus pictus, Valdivia serrata as well as two of Pseudothelphusidae (Fredius fittkaui, F. platyacanthus were recorded. The indigenous names applied to these species are: shuhu, for shrimp, oko and peimatherimi for each of the two pseudothelphusid crabs, and hesiki tôtôrema for both trichodactylid crabs.Os Yanomami são um grupo de índios que habitam a floresta tropical úmida ao longo da fronteira entre Brasil e Venezuela. Eles dependem da caça, da agricultura e da coleta de produtos da floresta para a sua sobrevivência, sendo os crustáceos um dos itens alimentares mais apreciados. São descritos aspectos taxonômicos e etnozoológicos dos índios Yanomami da aldeia de Balawa-ú, no estado do Amazonas, Brasil, relacionados aos crustáceos. Informações e espécimes foram coletados de agosto a dezembro de 2003. Foram realizadas entrevistas com habitantes da aldeia com enfoque nas espécies exploradas, nomes indígenas, modos de captura e utilização. Foram registradas uma espécie de camarão da família Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium brasiliense, duas espécies de caranguejos da família Trichodactylidae (Sylviocarcinus pictus, Valdivia serrata e duas da família Pseudothelphusidae (Fredius

El (los Sur buscando al Sur. Una construcción entre estereotipos y realidad.

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Mabel Franzone

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Todas las lecturas que podamos hacer del Sur, de sus propias representaciones, de aquellas vehiculizadas por el Norte, de sus creaciones, de sus reacciones, de su búsqueda constante de identidad, son lecturas de múltiples situaciones, que llaman a cruces insoslayables entre pueblos, entre distintas etnias, entre disciplinas, entre sentimientos que van desde el rechazo hasta la atracción casi magnética entre los dos hemisferios. Nuestra intención primera era la de reunir de manera aproximativa las problemáticas actuales de los Sur, ligadas a lo imaginario.

PRESENTACIÓN

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Justus Fenner

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Como en los números anteriores, estaba previsto que el actual número ocho de nuestra revista Pueblos y Fronteras digital se constituyera a partir de una unidad temática, como un especial sobre una etnia poco estudiada: los garínagu o garífuna, nación caribeña producto del proceso de mestizaje entre esclavos africanos y población originaria, en el marco de un largo proceso de resistencia contra los colonizadores europeos. Hoy los aproximadamente trescientos mil garínagu habitan parte de la costa caribe de Belice, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua....

B-mode ultrasonography biometry of the Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva) eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Lehmkuhl, Ricardo C; Almeida, Mariana F; Mamprim, Maria J; Vulcano, Luiz C

2010-09-01

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the eye is a relatively recent addition to routine ophthalmic diagnostics in small animal ophthalmology. Some parameters for ophthalmic biometry have been established. There are few studies in clinical avian ophthalmology that describe ultrasound images of eye in some nocturnal avian species and in other birds that do not belong to the Brazilian fauna, but the psittacine family is not represented. The purpose of this study was to describe the following measurements: the distances between cornea and anterior lens capsule (D1) between the anterior and posterior lens capsule (D2), between posterior lens capsule and optic papilla (D3) and the axial length. Sixty four transpalpebral ocular ultrasound examinations were performed on 32 Blue fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with no history of previous ophthalmic disease. The measurements were taken in sagital planes using a 10 MHz linear probe without a standoff pad. The mean values for the left eye were; D1 0.17 ± 0.03 cm, D2 0.35 ± 0.02 cm, D3 0.73 ± 0.04 cm and the axial length 1.26 ± 0.06 cm. In the right eye D1 0.17 ± 0.02 cm, D2 0.34 ± 0.02 cm, D3 0.74 ± 0.03 cm and the axial length 1.25 ± 0.05 cm. No significant statistical difference was observed among the birds or between the left and right eye. The description of these parameters will allow the veterinary practitioner to evaluate the structural changes that specific diseases may cause in these animals.

Otomíes hidalguenses y mayas yucatecos. Nuevas caras de la migración indígena y viejas formas de organización

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Mirian Solís Lizama

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, a través de un breve recorrido histórico, se efectúa un análisis comparativo entre los migrantes hñahñús (otomíes del estado de Hidalgo y los mayas yucatecos del noreste de la entidad. El interés se centra en describir y explicar la relación que estas etnias han sostenido con el Estado mexicano a lo largo de la historia. Esta experiencia, junto con otros factores de distinta naturaleza, las ha marcado de tal manera que ha incidido en la formación de las asociaciones cívicas en Estados Unidos y, en consecuencia, en el envío de remesas colectivas a sus lugares de origen. La discusión sobre el concepto de identidad étnica juega un papel central en el análisis e interpretación del proceso social estudiado.

Marín E. y Romero M. (Eds., Cuando el Sur piensa el Sur. Los giros de la cooperación al desarrollo, Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 364 pp.

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Daniel Vargas

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El marco introductorio del libro indica que los Estados ubicados en África, Asia y América del Sur, comparten algunas características climáticas, geológicas, biotípicas, económicas e históricas como fuentes inagotables de diversidades identitarias. Es por esto que cobran sentido y adquieren eco las palabras de la líder Leonor Zalabata de la etnia Arhuaca de Colombia transcritas en el epígrafe de la presente reseña, quien al preguntársele por el futuro de los pueblos originarios respondió: “somos y seguiremos siendo”. Lo que significa que, al considerar que los pueblos indígenas y autóctonos son un actor común en los continentes del Sur, y afianzados en la defensa de su identidad, promueven el autodesarrollo, convirtiéndose así en un actor político relevante en los procesos de cooperación Sur-Sur.

Los gitanos españoles desde su salida de la India hasta los primeros conflictos en la península

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María Helena Sánchez Ortega

1994-01-01

Full Text Available La personalidad histórica de los gitanos fue un enigma hasta el siglo XVIII. Historiadores, lingüistas y viajeros se preguntaban acerca de su origen, características de su lengua, etc., lo que es probable que contribuyera a formar en torno a ellos una aureola romántica. Hasta el último cuarto del siglo xviii no establecieron Grellman, Rüdiger y Bryant, de forma casi simultánea, el origen indio de su lengua y, por tanto, de su etnia, pero todavía a principios del siglo xx continuaban discutiendo los estudiosos acerca del «puesto» exacto que corresponde a ios gitanos en la familia indoaria. La mayor parte de ios trabajos fiables correspondían, por tanto, a los especialistas en lingüística, y todavía sigue siendo preciso referirse a este tipo de estudios cuando se quiere trazar el mapa de los desplazamientos del grupo gitano desde su salida de la India, en fechas no bien delimitadas.

LA LEY ANTITERRORISTA Y LA PROTESTA SOCIAL MAPUCHE: UNA MIRADA DESDE LA GUBERNAMENTALIDAD Y LA SOBERANÍA

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José Manuel Morán Faúndes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Una lógica colonialista ha marcado la relación histórica entre el pueblo mapuche y el Estado chileno. Tras el retorno de Chile a la democracia, la continuación de la explotación privada en territorios disputados y la falta de adaptación de las políticas estatales a la cosmovisión mapuche, abrió el camino para que sectores organizados del esta etnia agudizaran su protesta. La reacción del Estado ante esto se tradujo en la ejecución de medidas de fuerza que derivaron en la aplicación de la ley antiterrorista a partir de comienzos del siglo XXI. El presente artículo busca comprender esta acción estatal mediante los conceptos de “soberanía” y “gubernamentalidad” esbozados por Foucault, asumiendo la ley como un dispositivo de perpetuación del modelo soberano, en el marco de un modelo gubernamental de seguridad y administración selectiva de la población.

Electric power and traditional communities in the state of Amazonas: learning from the experience of the Roque Community in the Middle Jurua extractive reserve; Energia eletrica e as populacoes tradicionais do Estado do Amazonas: aprendizados a partir da experiencia na Comunidade do Roque na Reserva Extrativista do Medio Jurua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, Celia Salama

2010-09-15

This work aims to bring new ideas for expanding access to electricity services to traditional communities in the state of Amazonas including strategies for income generation and improvement of local living conditions. To this end, the main achievements in the community of Roque in the implementation of the project Vegetable Oil for Electricity Generation and Valuation of Biodiversity in Isolated Communities of Extractive Reserve in the Middle Jurua, Carauari, Amazon state were identified and evaluated. Based on the results, a proposal for planning electrification works is formulated that takes into account local knowledge on socioeconomic and environmental conditions. In order to be implemented, such a proposal will require an improvement of the existing regulatory system and the establishment of partnerships or institutional articulation with broad stake holder involvement, including representatives of communities and local power utilities. (author)

Peces del Noroeste del Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Barriga, Ramiro

1994-01-01

La ictiofauna del occidente del Ecuador es poco conocida. Los peces del noroccidente son diferentes a los del suroccidente del Ecuador. 34 familias y 82 especies fueron colectadas que equivale al 11 % de las especies de peces continentales registradas en el Ecuador. Icteogeográficamente se sabe que la costa ecuatoriana posee dos provincias: la del Pacifico Norte y la del Guayas, se determinó que el límite de las dos provincias es el río Santiago ya que las especies del mencionado río so...

Situación epidemiologica de la malaria en Venezuela: Año 2009

OpenAIRE

Cáceres G, José Luis

2010-01-01

La malaria es la enfermedad parasitaria tropical más importante en el mundo, y la enfermedad contagiosa que más muertes causa a excepción de la tuberculosis. En el año 2009 en Venezuela fueron diagnosticados 36.448 casos, 35.725 originados en el país y 723 importados del exterior, lo cual representó un aumento en la transmisión de 11,5 % (3.688) casos, respecto al registro de 2008, terminando en situación de "alarma" dentro del área de la curva de casos de la enfermedad. Bolívar, Amazonas, An...

Peru turnaround tied to privatization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1993-01-01

Petroleos del Peru predicts a 10% increase in Peru's oil production this year and a further increase in 1994. Petroperu also forecasts a sharp increase in drilling in Peru this year. After several years of declining oil production, a gradual turnaround in the cash strapped country's petroleum industry is largely tied to its progress in privatization. The government last year began a campaign to privatize all state owned companies by the end of July 1995. The paper discusses forecasts by Petroperu; the contract of Occidental del Amazonas Inc.; the Petromar privatization; Great Western's contract; development of the Aguaytia gas field; and refinery contracts

El despertar de Kumpanam: historia y mito en el marco de un conflicto socioambiental en la Amazonía

OpenAIRE

Garra, Simone

2012-01-01

Desde hace algunos años, en la cuenca del río Cenepa (departamento de Amazonas, Perú), los comuneros awajún están luchando en contra de la actividad minera en la Cordillera del Cóndor, territorio donde se encuentran las cabeceras de los ríos que atraviesan su territorio. En las comunidades se ha revitalizado el mito de Kumpanam, un antepasado asociado a un cerro ubicado en los alrededores de las instalaciones de la compañía minera. En este artículo, quiero mostrar cómo el mito de Kumpanam cob...

Mercury and methylmercury concentration assessment in children's hair from Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil Avaliação da concentração de mercúrio e metilmercúrio em cabelo de crianças de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Luciana A. Farias

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The present study evaluated Hg and MeHg content in hair samples of 201 children 2 to 7 years old, living in six neighborhoods of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. In general, the total Hg and MeHg median ranges in hair were similar (0.91 to 1.71 mg kg-1 except for the São Jose neighborhood, which was lower (0.16 mg kg-1. De spite the fact that the Manaus population consumes fish as part of the normal dietary intake, the Hg hair levels were below the level for an adult population not exposed to mercury (2.0 mg kg-1. These data were compared to demographic, socioeconomic information and eating habits of the families that took part in the study. The results were also compared to other published data from the Amazon region, other regions of Brazil and other countries. Future studies to set Hg and MeHg levels in hair of children in Brazil should take into account and assess the diversity of the country, mainly in terms of eating habits, socio-economic and cultural aspects.O presente estudo avaliou o teor de Hg e MeHg em amostras de cabelo de 201 crianças de 2 aos 7 anos de idade, residentes em seis bairros da cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Em geral, o teor de Hg total e MeHg em cabelo foram semelhantes (medianas de 0,91 a 1,71 mg kg-1, exceto para o bairro São José, que foi menor (0,16 mg kg-1. Apesar da população de Manaus consumir peixe como parte da dieta normal, os níveis de Hg nos cabelos ficaram abaixo do nível para uma população adulta não exposta ao mercúrio (2,0 mg kg-1. Esses dados foram comparados com informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e hábitos alimentares das famílias que participaram do estudo. Os resultados também foram comparados com outros dados publicados da Amazônia, outras regiões do Brasil e outros países. Futuros estudos para definir os níveis de Hg total e MeHg no cabelo das crianças brasileiras deverão considerar e avaliar a diversidade do país, principalmente em termos de h

Radiographic evaluation of perching-joint angles in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis), and barred owls (Strix varia).

Science.gov (United States)

Bonin, Glen; Lauer, Susanne K; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Nevarez, Javier; Tully, Thomas N; Hosgood, Giselle; Gaschen, Lorrie

2009-06-01

Information on perching-joint angles in birds is limited. Joint immobilization in a physiologic perching angle has the potential to result more often in complete restoration of limb function. We evaluated perching-joint angles in 10 healthy cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), 10 Hispaniolan Amazons (Amazona ventralis), and 9 barred owls (Strix varia) and determined intra- and interobserver variability for goniometric measurements in 2 different radiographic projections. Intra- and interobserver variation was less than 7% for all stifle and intertarsal joint measurements but frequently exceeded 10% for the hip-joint measurements. Hip, stifle, and intertarsal perching angles differed significantly among cockatiels, Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, and barred owls. The accuracy of measurements performed on straight lateral radiographic projections with superimposed limbs was not consistently superior to measurements on oblique projections with a slightly rotated pelvis. Stifle and intertarsal joint angles can be measured on radiographs by different observers with acceptable variability, but intra- and interobserver variability for hip-joint-angle measurements is higher.

Nuevas nociones sobre el género Ficus en Colombia, III

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Dugand Armando

1944-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo, continuación de mi estudio del genero Ficus en Colombia, se describe una especie nueva de este país y se proponen sendos nombres nuevos para dos especies antiguas recientemente halladas en Colombia pero originalmente descritas del Amazonas brasileño y de la América Central. Aprovecho esta oportunidad para expresar mi más vivo agradecimiento a la señorita Marjorie W. Stone, Bibliógrafa del Gray Herbarium, Universidad de Harvard, y al señor León Groizat, del Arnold Arboretum, Universidad de Harvard, por la muy diligente y valiosa ayuda que me han prestado en la búsqueda de datos bibliográficos referentes a algunas especies de Ficus de status nomenclatural incierto o dudoso.

Percepção de saúde na etnia Guarani Mbyá e a atenção à saúde Perception of health among the Guarany Mbyá ethnic group and health care

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Almir de Amorim Von Held

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo resulta de pesquisa qualitativa sobre a percepção de saúde da etnia Guarani Mbyá, realizada em três aldeias no Rio Grande do Sul e uma em Santa Catarina. As características culturais da etnia foram pesquisadas na literatura, observadas no trabalho de campo e confirmadas nas vinte entrevistas abertas realizadas com membros das comunidades e profissionais de saúde da Fundação Nacional de Saúde (Funasa que responde pela assistência básica às aldeias. Os resultados mostram que os Mbyá consideram o choque cultural com a sociedade envolvente o principal fator de adoecimento, enfatizando a importância de preservar e valorizar seu modo de vida tradicional para a manutenção da saúde de indivíduos e coletividades. Os dados permitem associar suas representações sobre saúde aos problemas fundiários e de justiça social vivenciados pelos grupos. Apontam a importância de aprimorar a formação dos quadros técnicos de saúde, especificamente no que diz respeito à compreensão das diferenças interétnicas entre a cultura Mbyá e ocidental para garantir a efetividade de tratamentos e programas. A análise ressalta ainda aspectos positivos e negativos na operacionalização da assistência à saúde nas aldeias e, nas considerações finais, são apresentadas sugestões para seu aprimoramento.The article results from a qualitative research on the perception of health of the Guarany Mbyá ethnic group held in 3 villages in the South of Brazil. The cultural characteristics of the group were surveyed in the literature, observed in fieldwork and confirmed in the 20 open interviews conducted with community members and health professionals from the National Health Foundation (FUNASA, responsible for the basic assistance to the villages. The results show that the Mbyá consider the cultural shock with the surrounding society the main factor of illness, emphasizing the importance of preserving and enhancing their traditional way of

Pharmacokinetics of single oral dose of pimobendan in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

Science.gov (United States)

Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Beaufrère, Hugues; KuKanich, Butch; Barker, Steven A; Brandão, João; Paul-Murphy, Joanne; Tully, Thomas N

2014-06-01

Pimobendan is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and calcium sensitizer with inotropic, lusitropic, and rasodilator properties used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. The mechanism of action is by inhibition of PDE III and V and by increasing intracellular calcium sensitivity in the cardiac myocardium. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies have been published in humans, dogs, and cats, but there are no studies in avian species. Pimobendan has been used in birds at the empirical dosage of 0.25 mg/kg q12h. To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of pimobendan in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis), 3 pilot studies with 2 birds, each receiving 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg PO, provided the basis for the pivotal trials with 6 birds, each receiving 10 mg/kg PO using 2 different suspensions. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 18 hours after drug administration. Plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) by use of electrospray ionization. Because of the erratic and low concentrations of pimobendan, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using naive averaged analysis. Plasma concentrations after commercial pimobendan tablet suspension at 10 mg/kg reached a Cmax of 8.26 ng/mL at 3 hours with a terminal half-life of 2.1 hours, while concentrations after the bulk chemical suspension reached a Cmax of 1.28 ng/mL at 12 hours and had a terminal half-life of 2.3 hours. Further studies evaluating the effect of oral pimobendan in parrots are needed.

Evaluación de las prácticas de cuidado materno infantil en áreas con pobreza extrema del Perú, 2012

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José Enrique Velásquez Hurtado

Full Text Available Objetivos. Evaluar las prácticas de cuidado materno-infantil en áreas con pobreza extrema del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado entre agosto y septiembre de 2012, con muestreo probabilístico, trietápico y estratificado por departamento. Se seleccionaron 540 hogares que tenían al menos un niño menor de 36 meses (475 hogares y/o mujer gestante (80 hogares en áreas rurales de Cajamarca, Amazonas, Huánuco, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Apurímac, Cusco, Puno y Ucayali. Resultados. Con relación al último embarazo, 69,0% de la madres refirió haber tenido su primer control prenatal en el primer trimestre; 65,3% haber cumplido más de seis controles a lo largo del embarazo; 81,1% haber dado a luz en un establecimiento de salud, y solo 31,0% haber elegido un método de planificación familiar dentro de los 42 días posparto. Con relación al último niño menor de 3 años, 64,1% tuvo contacto precoz madre-niño, y 62,8% inició la lactancia materna dentro de la hora de nacido. Además, 89,6% de los niños menores de 6 meses recibía lactancia materna exclusiva, y 89,1% de los niños de 6 a 8 meses ya tenía alimentación complementaria. Fiebre, diarrea, vómitos y dificultad respiratoria fueron las señales de peligro más referidas para la búsqueda de atención en niños. Conclusiones. La evaluación ha permitido establecer una línea de base sobre la cual se diseñará e implementará una estrategia que posibilite una mejora en las prácticas clave de cuidado materno-infantil en la población objetivo del Programa de Apoyo a la Reforma del Sector Salud

Los mitos de la conquista en don Joan de Castellanos II

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Mario Germán Romero

1962-07-01

Full Text Available Para encontrar el origen de este mito hay que remontarse a la mitología griega. En el culto que se le rendía en el Asia Menor a Artemis, le hacían compañía las amazonas que vivían en las costas meridionales del Mar Negro, en el Termodonte y en el Iris, en el Ponto o en Komona.

Mainekujundus kunsti abil / Maria-Kristiina Soomre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Soomre, Maria-Kristiina, 1978-

2002-01-01

Brasiilia kunsti tutvustamisega välisriikides tegelevast mittetulunduslikust erafondist BrasilConnects ja fondi korraldatud näitusi: New Yorgi Solomon R. Guggenheimi muuseumis "Brasiilia: keha ja hing" (kujundaja Jean Nouvel, kuraator Germano Celant) ja Museo del Barrios "Lahtiharutatud sõlm: brasiilia kaasaegne kunst", Washingtoni Naiskunsti Muuseumis "Neitsilik territoorium", Oxfordi moodsa kunsti muuseumis "Eksperiment" ja Ashmoleani muuseumis brasiilia baroki ja kaasaegse fotograafia näitus, Briti muuseumis "Tundmatu Amazonas"

Estatura de padres e hijos chilenos de diferente etnia y vulnerabilidad social Height of Chilean parents and their children, from different ethnicity and social status

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Hugo Amigo

2000-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analizar y comparar la estatura de niños que ingresan a la escuela y la de sus padres, de acuerdo con sus antecedentes étnicos y nivel socioeconómico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, realizado entre 1997 y 1999, en Santiago y la zona centro-sur de Chile, en 351 escolares indígenas y 531 no indígenas, y sus padres, provenientes de comunas de tres niveles de vulnerabilidad social: muy alta (pobreza, mediana y muy baja. Escolar indígena era el que tenía sus cuatro apellidos mapuches, el no indígena tenía sus cuatro apellidos de origen chileno-español. La estatura se comparó en medidas estandarizadas (puntaje Z utilizando como referencia la medición del cambio nutricional propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se estimaron las diferencias de medias de estatura padres-hijos con análisis de varianza y se determinó el origen de tales diferencias al aplicar el procedimiento de Scheffe. RESULTADOS: Los progenitores en ambas etnias aumentaron sus promedios de estatura al mejorar las condiciones sociales, excepto las madres indígenas que no presentaron incremento significativo. Los padres de la muy alta vulnerabilidad midieron 4 cm menos que los de la muy baja vulnerabilidad y las madres 2 cm menos (pOBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the heights of first-year school children and their parents, according to ethnic background and socioeconomic status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of indigenous and non-indigenous school children and their parents, belonging to three levels of social vulnerability: very high (poverty, medium, and very low. An indigenous school child was defined as any child having all four parental surnames of Mapuche origin; non-indigenous were those having Hispanic parental surname. Height was compared using Z scores, using WHO nutritional change reference values. Statistical analysis consisted in comparing differences of mean heights between parents and their children

USE OF SCALED SEMIVARIOGRAMS IN THE PLANNING SAMPLE OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN SOUTHERN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

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Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The lack of information concerning the variability of soil properties has been a major concern of researchers in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil chemical properties and determine minimal sampling density to characterize the variability of these properties in five environments located in the south of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The five environments were archaeological dark earth (ADE, forest, pasture land, agroforestry operation, and sugarcane crop. Regular 70 × 70 m mesh grids were set up in these areas, with 64 sample points spaced at 10 m distance. Soil samples were collected at the 0.0-0.1 m depth. The chemical properties of pH in water, OM, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, SB, CEC, and V were determined at these points. Data were analyzed by descriptive and geostatistical analyses. A large part of the data analyzed showed spatial dependence. Chemical properties were best fitted to the spherical model in almost all the environments evaluated, except for the sugarcane field with a better fit to the exponential model. ADE and sugarcane areas had greater heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, showing a greater range and higher sampling density; however, forest and agroforestry areas had less variability of chemical properties.

Pharmacokinetics of terbinafine after oral administration of a single dose to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Evans, Erika E; Emery, Lee C; Cox, Sherry K; Souza, Marcy J

2013-06-01

To determine pharmacokinetics after oral administration of a single dose of terbinafine hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 6 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. A single dose of terbinafine hydrochloride (60 mg/kg) was administered orally to each bird, which was followed immediately by administration of a commercially available gavage feeding formula. Blood samples were collected at the time of drug administration (time 0) and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of terbinafine were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. Data from 1 bird were discarded because of a possible error in the dose of drug administered. After oral administration of terbinafine, the maximum concentration for the remaining 5 fed birds ranged from 109 to 671 ng/mL, half-life ranged from 6 to 13.5 hours, and time to the maximum concentration ranged from 2 to 8 hours. No adverse effects were observed. Analysis of the results indicated that oral administration of terbinafine at a dose of 60 mg/kg to Amazon parrots did not result in adverse effects and may be potentially of use in the treatment of aspergillosis. Additional studies are needed to determine treatment efficacy and safety.

Los habitantes del mundo sub-acuático. Ritual y mítica Murui Iye Fia Rafue Inhabitants of the Subaquatic World. Ritual and Myth. Marui Iye Fia Rafue

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Pedro Marín S

2006-06-01

Full Text Available El evento de pesca colectiva Iye Fia Rafue o barbasqueada entre los Uitoto del Departamento del Amazonas presenta valiosa información sobre su mundo simbólico, su noción de intercambio y reciprocidad y, su concepto de ecología y trabajo comunitario. El presente artículo describe la puesta en escena del rito “la fiesta de los peces” en el que la comunión íntima con la naturaleza y, en especial con el mundo acuático como fuente de vida, purificación y centro de regeneración, se hace visible en un conglomerado de correspondencias que involucran todo su universo simbólico. Se proporcionan datos lingüísticos sobre morfología y clasificadores propios del léxico relacionado con la fauna y flora acuática, lo que nos proporciona información prodigiosa sobre la capacidad descriptiva y el potencial semántico de ésta lengua amazónica.The event of collective fishing Ilye Fia Rafue or barbasqueada in the Uitoto community in the State of Amazon (Colombia provides valuable information about their symbolic world, their notion of exchange and reciprocity, and their concept of ecology and community work. This paper describes the staging of the rite “the fishes´ celebration” where the intimate communion with nature, and especially with the aquatic world as a source of life, purification and regeneration center is visible together with a conglomeration of correspondences involving all their symbolic world. Linguistic data on morphology and lexical classifiers related to aquatic fauna and flora are also provided. This is very useful information to establish the descriptive capacity and the semantic potential of this Amazon language.

Antinociceptive effects of tramadol hydrochloride after intravenous administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Geelen, Saskia; Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Souza, Marcy J; Cox, Sherry; Keuler, Nicholas S; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2013-02-01

To determine the antinociceptive and sedative effects of tramadol in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) following IV administration. 11 healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex. Tramadol hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, IV) and an equivalent volume (≤ 0.34 mL) of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution were administered to parrots in a complete crossover study design. Foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus was determined 30 to 60 minutes before (baseline) and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after treatment administration; agitation-sedation scores were determined for parrots at each of those times. The estimated mean changes in temperature from the baseline value that elicited a foot withdrawal response were 1.65° and -1.08°C after administration of tramadol and saline solution, respectively. Temperatures at which a foot withdrawal response was elicited were significantly higher than baseline values at all 5 evaluation times after administration of tramadol and were significantly lower than baseline values at 30, 120, and 240 minutes after administration of saline solution. No sedation, agitation, or other adverse effects were observed in any of the parrots after administration of tramadol. Tramadol hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, IV) significantly increased the thermal nociception threshold for Hispaniolan Amazon parrots in the present study. Sedation and adverse effects were not observed. These results are consistent with results of other studies in which the antinociceptive effects of tramadol after oral administration to parrots were determined.

La Transición o la recuperación de una España posible

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Juan María SÁNCHEZ-PRIETO

2010-02-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Autores como Poliakov, Anthony D. Smith o Paul Veyne han escrito páginas muy interesantes sobre los mitos o relatos de origen y el papel que éstos han jugado en el surgimiento de las identidades étnicas y nacionales. En línea con estos trabajos, en el presente ensayo se analiza el mito vasco y la cronología de la formación de los rasgos definitorios de la etnia vasca. El análisis de los relatos de García de Salazar y del Nobiliario del conde don Pedro Alfonso permiten extraer interesantes conclusiones sobre las leyendas de don Zuría, los orígenes de la Casa de Haro y la etnia vasca. Las transformaciones en la sociedad hidalga vizcaína del siglo XVI que motivaron cambios en el enunciado del mito de la batalla de Arrigorríaga, las causas que explican la leyenda del licenciado Andrés de Poza o la reescritura que de ese mismo mito de origen llevará a cabo mucho después el fundador del nacionalismo vasco son otros tantos temas tratados en este artículo. ABSTRACT: Authors such as Poliakov, Anthony D. Smith or Paul Veyne have written some very interesting pages on myths or stories of origins and the roles these have played in the forming of ethnic or national identities. In line with this work, the present essay analyzes the Basque myth and the chronology of the formation of the distinctive traits of the Basque ethnic group. Analysis of the stories of García de Salazar and of the genealogical work of Conde Don Pedro Alfonso allows us to draw interesting conclusions about the legends of Don Zuría, the origins of the House of Haro and the Basque ethnic group. The transformations in the noble society of Biscay in the 16th century that motivated changes in the telling of the myth of the Battle of Arrigoriaga, the causes explaining the legend of the gradúate Andrés de Poza or the rewriting of the same myth of origin that the founder of Basque nationalism would undertake much later are some of the other topics dealt with in this

DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN BLUE-FRONTED PARROT (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758

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Rayssa Marley Nóbrega da Silva

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Local anesthetic procedures are commonly used in domestic and wild birds, because of its low cost and fast induction, as long as applied with great precision, which requires specific anatomical knowledge of the site of incision. This study aimed to establish the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus of the Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva by anatomic dissection of the skin and musculature of 22 specimens (17 males and 5 females from the Wild Animals Screening Center of the Federal District after death by natural causes. The dissection work promoted the isolation of the forming roots of the brachial plexus, as well as its ramifications. The brachial plexus was formed by four trunks, including the ventral spinal cord rami segments from C9 to C10, C10 to C11, C11 to T1 and T1 to T2, which joined into a short common trunk, branched into dorsal and ventral cords. The thin nerves subcoracoideus and subscapularis and the branch to the scapulohumeralis muscle originated from the common trunk. The dorsal cord originated the anconeal, axillaris and radialis nerves, while the ventral cord gave origin for the pectoralis cranialis, pectoralis caudalis, coracobrachialis and medianoulnaris. These branches innervated the muscles of the extensor and flexor compartments of the forelimb, pectoral muscles and overlying skin.

Pharmacokinetics of long-acting nalbuphine decanoate after intramuscular administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; KuKanich, Butch; Heath, Timothy D; Krugner-Higby, Lisa A; Barker, Steven A; Brown, Carolyn S; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2013-02-01

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine decanoate after IM administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 9 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex. Nalbuphine decanoate (37.5 mg/kg) was administered IM to all birds. Plasma samples were obtained from blood collected before (time 0) and 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after drug administration. Plasma samples were used for measurement of nalbuphine concentrations via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with computer software. Plasma concentrations of nalbuphine increased rapidly after IM administration, with a mean concentration of 46.1 ng/mL at 0.25 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations of nalbuphine remained > 20 ng/mL for at least 24 hours in all birds. The maximum plasma concentration was 109.4 ng/mL at 2.15 hours. The mean terminal half-life was 20.4 hours. In Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, plasma concentrations of nalbuphine were prolonged after IM administration of nalbuphine decanoate, compared with previously reported results after administration of nalbuphine hydrochloride. Plasma concentrations that could be associated with antinociception were maintained for 24 hours after IM administration of 37.5 mg of nalbuphine decanoate/kg. Safety and analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine treatments in this species require further investigation to determine the potential for clinical use in pain management in psittacine species.

Attempted semen collection using the massage technique in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva).

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Della Volpe, Angelique; Volker, Schmidt; Krautwald-Junghanns, Maria-Elisabeth

2011-03-01

The purpose of this study was to establish a technique for collecting semen from blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva) and to evaluate the samples that were collected. The massage method is the most common technique used to collect semen in birds and has been proven successful in several psittacine species; however, collection attempts in larger parrots have been unsatisfactory. Six blue-fronted Amazon parrot males, 3 paired with hens and 3 unpaired, were used in this study. The semen collection technique was revised to allow collection from individual birds by a single person. Semen collection was attempted from the 6 parrots on 52-56 occasions, which totaled 330 single attempts. Nineteen ejaculates were collected, and each bird produced at least 1 ejaculate that contained spermatozoa. Large ranges of sample volume (1-15.4 microL), sperm quality (motility = 2%-60%; live:dead ratio = 2:198 to 185:15), sperm concentration (0.79-3.3 x 10(6) sperm/mL), and contamination rate (0%-100%) were observed. Measured parameters did not appear to be significantly impacted by birds being paired or kept singly. Because of the relatively short acclimation period, the birds appeared to be sexually inactive for the majority of the study. Further research using sexually active birds will be necessary to determine standard spermatological parameters and verify the success of the methodology used here.

Prevalência de quedas e de fatores associados em idosos segundo etnia The prevalence of falls and associated factors among the elderly according to ethnicity

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Alexandre da Silva

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A característica histórico-cultural brasileira reflete a população. Idosos negros apresentam desvantagens nos aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos, clínico-funcionais e psicossociais, reduzindo a autonomia social e a independência funcional. O declínio na condição funcional devido a idade e a variáveis associadas à etnia pode contribuir em eventos incapacitantes, como quedas. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos-funcionais, aspectos relacionados às quedas; Avaliou-se mobilidade, condição funcional e cognição. Estatística assumindo significância de p The historical and cultural characteristics reflect the Brazilian population. Elderly blacks are disadvantaged in socio-economic and demographic, clinical, functional and psychosocial aspects, reducing their social autonomy and functional independence. The decline in functional status due to variables associated with age and ethnicity can contribute to disabling events, such as falls. Socio-demographic, clinical and functional aspects related to falls were analyzed; Mobility, functional status and cognition were measured, with a statistical significance of pd"0.05. The sample of 196 elderly people was 48.5% white, 28% brown, 23.5% black, with an average of 69.9 years. There was reduced mobility classified as a medium risk for falls in 60% (p<0.013 among the elderly. With reference to groups analyzed, there were significant differences between variables for family income (p <0.029, the occurrence of falls (p <0.006, fear of falls (p <0.023 and near-falls (p <0.000. Blacks fall more often (p <0.03. Statistical significance was revealed between ethnicity and self-reported occurrence of falls, fear of falling and the occurrence of near-falls, functional limitation and medium risk falls due to reduced mobility, with increased frequency of falls for elderly blacks.

El Amazonas, el Mediterráneo de agua dulce: migración y propaganda

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María de Sarges

2013-02-01

Full Text Available En el apogeo de la economía del caucho en la Amazonia un número considerable de emigrantes, entre ellos de la Península ibérica, llegaron a la región. Este artículo aborda la propaganda como elemento fundamental de reclutamiento de los trabajadores europeos para la región a finales del siglo xix e inicios del xx.

El Caucho Artículo de Vital Importancia

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Ministerio de Agricultura y Comercio Revista de Agricultura y Comercio

1942-08-01

Full Text Available Como es bien sabido, el caucho es un producto originario de la América del Sur. Ya en su segundo viaje al nuevo mundo Cristóbal Colón vio a los nativos dedicados a unos juegos en los que usaban grandes bolas de goma, sacada del árbol del caucho. Los arqueólogos han hallado reliquias de caucho en las ruinas de la civilización maya del siglo XI en Chichen Itza. Las plantaciones de caucho en Malaca y las Indias Orientales Holandesas deben su existencia a Sir Henry Wickham, quien en 1876 recorrió el valle del Amazonas estudiando más de 400 variedades distintas de árboles y escogiendo finalmente la llamada "hevea brasiliensis". De ésta recogió 7.000 semillas que empacó entre hojas de plátanos silvestres, y luego transportó clandestinamente a Inglaterra.

Composição florística das plantas daninhas na cultura de guaraná (Paullinia cupana, no estado do Amazonas Floristic composition of weeds in guarana (Paullinia cupana crop in Amazonas, Brazil

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S.M.F. Albertino

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O estudo da composição da flora de plantas daninhas de uma área ou de uma região agrícola é importante, por identificar a diversidade de espécies e contribuir para recomendação de estratégias de manejo a serem empregadas nos sistemas agrícolas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar a composição florística de plantas daninhas em plantios de guaraná em cinco municípios (Coari, Iranduba, Maués, Presidente Figueiredo e Urucará do Estado do Amazonas. As plantas daninhas foram amostradas em áreas de produtores desses municípios e identificadas por classe, família e espécie. Foram coletados 14.707 indivíduos, distribuídos em 40 famílias e 87 espécies, das quais 70 eram Dicotiledôneas, 13 Monocotiledôneas e quatro Pteridófitas. As Dicotiledôneas apresentaram maior número de família e as Monocotiledôneas de indivíduos. As Pteridófitas ocorreram de forma inexpressiva em todos os municípios. As famílias Poaceae e Asteraceae apresentaram maior número de espécies. Panicum pilosum foi a espécie com maior número de indivíduos, freqüência, densidade e índice de valor de importância. Panicum laxum sobressaiu em Urucará e Iranduba; Scleria malaleuca, em Coari; e Chamaesyce hirta, em Maués. Homolepis aturensis, Paspalum conjugatum e Spermacoce capitata ocorreram nos cinco municípios. Em Maués foi encontrada a maior diversidade de espécies, e em Coari, o maior número de indivíduos. O maior índice de similaridade foi entre Iranduba e Presidente Figueiredo (45%, e o menor, entre Iranduba e Coari (21,43%.The study of the floristic composition of weeds of an area or agricultural region is important since it identifies the diversity of species and provides management strategies to be used under various agricultural system conditions. The objective of this work was to identify the floristic composition of weeds occurring in guaraná crops in five counties (Coari, Iranduba, Maués, Presidente Figueiredo and

Prevalência da infecção por Helicobacter pylori e de parasitoses intestinais em crianças do Parque Indígena do Xingu

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Mario Luis Escobar-Pardo

2011-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da infecção por Helicobacter pylori e sua associação com parasitoses intestinais em crianças da comunidade indígena do Parque Indígena do Xingu. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 245 crianças indígenas entre 2 e 9 anos, de seis aldeias da região do rio Xingu, afluente do Amazonas. H. pylori foi detectado pelo teste respiratório com ureia-13C. Foram coletadas amostras de ar expirado, em jejum e 30 minutos após a ingestão de 50 mg de ureia-13C diluída em 100 mL de água aromatizada com suco de maracujá. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 202/245 (82,4% crianças para exame protoparasitológico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência do H. pylori foi de 73,5%. Foi observada associação significativa do H. pylori com maior idade entre as diferentes aldeias e etnias. Resultaram positivas para a presença de parasitas 97,5% (198/202 das amostras de fezes, sem associação com a infecção por H. pylori. Encontrou-se, na análise multivariada, uma relação entre a infecção por giárdia e o H. pylori. As etnias Kisêjê [odds ratio (OR = 3,36] e Kaibi (OR = 4,00, e as aldeias Tuiararé (OR = 8,10, Ngojwere (OR = 4,10, Capivara (OR = 4,88, Diauarum (OR = 1,85 e Pavuru (OR = 1,40 foram fatores de risco para a infecção por H. pylori. CONCLUSÕES: Foi encontrada alta prevalência de H. pylori e de parasitose intestinal em crianças nas comunidades presentemente investigadas. No entanto, houve diferença significativa na prevalência do H. pylori entre as diversas aldeias estudadas. Verificou-se associação entre a presença de giárdia e a infecção por H. pylori.

Estudio cuali-cuantitativo sobre la atención de salud de niños menores de tres años en establecimientos de salud de nueve regiones pobres del Perú

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Luis Germán Cordero Muñoz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Evaluar cinco elementos importantes de la calidad de atención (espacio físico, equipamiento, personal, tiempo para la atención, y consejería en servicios de crecimiento y desarrollo (CRED de 18 establecimientos de salud (EE. SS. en nueve regiones con altos índices de pobreza en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuali-cuantitativo realizado en Amazonas, Apurímac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco, Huancavelica, Puno y Ucayali, que incluyó la observación directa (OD durante la atención de CRED, grupos focales (GF con usuarios (uno por establecimiento de salud, y entrevistas en profundidad (EEP con trabajadores de salud (dos por establecimiento de salud. Resultados. Se realizaron 18 OD para la verificación de ambientes y equipos, 23 OD de turnos completos de atención, 67 acompañamientos a usuarios de los servicios de CRED, 18 GF (118 madres participantes, y 36 EEP. Las madres y los profesionales de salud coincidieron en que existen limitaciones de infraestructura, equipamiento, materiales y personal que afectarían una atención de CRED de calidad. La demora en la atención, el incumplimiento de horarios, y la falta de calidez en la atención son los aspectos que generaron mayor insatisfacción en los usuarios. Solo en 24,3% del tiempo total de los turnos observados se realizaron actividades que generaron beneficio al usuario. Por su parte, la consejería estaría cumpliendo el objetivo de promover el mejoramiento de las prácticas de cuidado del niño. Conclusiones. El estudio ha permitido identificar debilidades y áreas de oportunidad para reorientar los servicios de CRED, en el marco de la política de fortalecimiento del primer nivel de atención del sector Salud.

Development Period of Forensic Importance Calliphoridae (Diptera: Brachycera in Urban Area Under Natural Conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

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Alex Barros-Souza

2012-06-01

Resumo. Para descrever o tempo de desenvolvimento dos imaturos de Calliphoridae sob condições naturais, dois experimentos foram realizados no Campus II do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, um na estação chuvosa e o outro na estação menos chuvosa. Cadáveres de porcos domésticos (25kg cada foram utilizados como substrato atrativo para a ovipostura dos califorídeos. Fêmeas grávidas de Calliphoridae foram coletadas e os ovos foram transferidos para potes plásticos contendo placas de Petri com carne bovina moída. As espécies criadas, com respectivo tempo de desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto (em dias, na estação mais chuvosa e menos chuvosa, foram: Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 14,5 e 9,4 dias, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 10,7 e 9,4, Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 11,5 e 10,7 Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann 19,4 e 14,3 e Paralucilia paraensis (Mello, 11,8 dias, essa criada somente na estação menos chuvosa. Este é o primeiro registro do tempo de desenvolvimento de P. paraensis.

The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Rocuronium Bromide to Induce Bilateral Mydriasis in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ).

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Baine, Katherine; Hendrix, Diane V H; Kuhn, Sonia E; Souza, Marcy J; Jones, Michael P

2016-03-01

The efficacy and safety of topically applied rocuronium in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) was assessed in a group of 10 adult birds. A complete ophthalmic examination (including Schirmer tear test, ocular reflexes, applanation tonometry, fluorescein staining, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy) was performed, and rocuronium bromide (0.15 mg in both eyes) was administered. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) and pupillary diameter were recorded in a darkened room at the following time points: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 300, and 360 minutes, and 24 hours. Fluorescein staining in both eyes was performed at 24 hours. By 10 minutes, PLR was absent in all birds (at 5 minutes, 8 birds; at 10 minutes, remaining 2 birds). Pupil diameter differed significantly from baseline at all time points. Additionally, PLR was decreased in 7/10 birds at 360 minutes and normal in all birds at 24 hours. Superficial corneal ulceration was observed at 24 hours in the left eye of 2/10 of the birds after fluorescein stain application. This study demonstrated that rocuronium bromide was an effective mydriatic agent in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots with rapid onset and prolonged duration of action.

Measuring the Level of Agreement Between Cloacal Gram's Stains and Bacterial Cultures in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ).

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Evans, Erika E; Mitchell, Mark A; Whittington, Julia K; Roy, Alma; Tully, Thomas N

2014-12-01

Cloacal or fecal Gram's stains and bacterial cultures are routinely performed during avian physical examinations to assess the microbial flora of the gastrointestinal tract. Although cloacal or fecal Gram's stains and bacterial cultures are considered routine diagnostic procedures, the level of agreement between the individual tests has not been determined. To investigate the level of agreement between results from Gram's stain and bacterial culture when used to assess cloacal or fecal samples from psittacine birds, samples were taken from 21 clinically healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) and tested by Gram's stain cytology and bacterial culture. Most bacteria (97.2%) identified by Gram's stain were gram positive. However, gram-negative organisms were identified in 7 of 21 (33.3%; 95% confidence interval: 13.3%-53.3%) birds. Escherichia coli was the only gram-negative organism identified on culture. Agreement between results of Gram's stain and culture was fair (weighted κ = 0.27). The results of this study suggest that Gram's stains and bacterial culture may need to be performed with a parallel testing strategy to limit the likelihood of misclassifying the microbial flora of psittacine patients.

Comentarios al dossier“¿Cómo se piensa lo ‘queer’ en América Latina”?

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Edgar Vega Suriaga

2011-05-01

Full Text Available A partir del dossier de Íconos, 39, ¿Cómo se piensa lo ‘queer’ en América Latina?, este artículo trabajasobre los puntos centrales y las interrogantes que dan de sí cada uno de los artículos que locomponen. Destaca la crítica a la masculinidad hegemónica desde una noción de la alteridad enla que convergen las categorías de clase, etnia, género y edad. A medida que reflexiona sobre estospuntos, repasa cada uno de los artículos contextualizándolos en la crítica radical al sistema heteronormativo.

Estudo das parasitoses intestinais e da infecção chagásica no Município de Novo Airão, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil Cross-sectional study of intestinal parasites and Chagas' disease in the Municipality of Novo Airão, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Marcio N. Boia

1999-09-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo seccional descritivo em uma amostra sistemática por conglomerado de uma em cada dez famílias residentes na sede do Município de Novo Airão, na meso-região norte do Estado do Amazonas, a 250 quilômetros de Manaus por via fluvial. De cada um dos residentes nos 89 domicílios da amostra foram solicitadas fezes para exame pelos métodos de sedimentação de Lutz e pelo Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho e colhido sangue por punção venosa para testes de ELISA e imunofluorescência para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. O exame de 316 amostras de fezes mostrou 87,6% com um ou mais parasitos: 35,1% com Ascaris lumbricoides, 29,1% com Entamoeba histolytica, 17,4% com Giardia lamblia e outros parasitos com menor prevalência. Estes resultados foram correlacionados com a falta de saneamento e de suprimento de água tratada. De 346 soros examinados 16 (4,6% foram reativos para anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, mas somente em três deles houve correlação entre este resultado e o contacto das pessoas com triatomíneos silvestres, conhecidos localmente como "piolho da piaçava".A cross-sectional study was performed on the residents of one in every ten households in the town of Novo Airão, in the northern meso-region of the State of Amazonas, 250 kilometers from Manaus by riverboat. A family cluster sample of 89 dwellings was studied. A stool sample was requested from each of the inhabitants for examination using the Lutz sedimentation and Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho techniques, and blood was taken by venous puncture for Trypanosoma cruzi ELISA antibody testing and immunofluorescence. From a total of 316 stool samples, 87.6% had one or more parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides (35.1%, Entamoeba histolytica (29.1%, Giardia lamblia (17.4%, and other parasites with lower prevalence rates. These results were directly correlated with lack of sanitation and clean water supply. Of the 346 sera examined, 16 (4.6% were reactive to T

Population size of Cuban Parrots Amazona leucocephala and Sandhill Cranes Grus canadensis and community involvement in their conservation in northern Isla de la Juventud, Cuba

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Aguilera, X.G.; Alvarez, V.B.; Wiley, J.W.; Rosales, J.R.

1999-01-01

The Cuban Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis nesiotes and Cuban Parrot Amazona leucocephala palmarum are considered endangered species in Cuba and the Isla de la Juventud (formerly Isla de Pinos). Coincident with a public education campaign, a population survey for these species was conducted in the northern part of the Isla de la Juventud on 17 December 1995, from 06hoo to 10hoo. Residents from throughout the island participated, manning 98 stations, with 1-4 observers per station. Parrots were observed at 60 (61.2%) of the stations with a total of 1320, maximum (without correction for duplicate observations), and 1100, minimum (corrected), individuals counted. Sandhill cranes were sighted at 38 (38.8%) of the stations, with a total of 115 individuals. Cranes and parrots co-occurred at 20 (20.4%) of the stations.

Antinociceptive effects after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Souza, Marcy J; Braun, Jana M; Cox, Sherry K; Keuler, Nicholas S; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2012-08-01

To evaluate antinociceptive effects on thermal thresholds after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Animals-15 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. 2 crossover experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 15 parrots received 3 treatments (tramadol at 2 doses [10 and 20 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. In the second experiment, 11 parrots received 2 treatments (tramadol hydrochloride [30 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. Baseline thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured 1 hour before drug or control suspension administration; thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured after administration at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours (both experiments) and also at 9 hours (second experiment only). For the first experiment, there were no overall effects of treatment, hour, period, or any interactions. For the second experiment, there was an overall effect of treatment, with a significant difference between tramadol hydrochloride and control suspension (mean change from baseline, 2.00° and -0.09°C, respectively). There also was a significant change from baseline for tramadol hydrochloride at 0.5, 1.5, and 6 hours after administration but not at 3 or 9 hours after administration. Tramadol at a dose of 30 mg/kg, PO, induced thermal antinociception in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. This dose was necessary for induction of significant and sustained analgesic effects, with duration of action up to 6 hours. Further studies with other types of noxious stimulation, dosages, and intervals are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in psittacines.

An??lisis de costos de las Instituciones Privadas de Ense??anza Superior del Estado de Amazonas: implicaciones para la Gesti??n Acad??mica = Cost Analysis of Private Institutions of Higher Education in the State of Amazonas: Implications for Academic Management

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Reis Camelo, Mar??a dos

2011-01-01

342 p. Se considera la importancia de la dimensi??n econ??mica en la sociedad contempor??nea, y siendo la educaci??n un factor clave en el desarrollo de la econom??a de las naciones, el binomio econom??a y educaci??n es el tema central de este trabajo. Sus objetivos son analizar los costos de Instituciones de Educaci??n Superior (IES) y sus implicaciones en la gesti??n acad??mica, contrastar el potencial del mercado para la expansi??n de Ense??anza Superior en el Estado teni...

Analgesic effects of intramuscular administration of meloxicam in Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis) with experimentally induced arthritis.

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Cole, Gretchen A; Paul-Murphy, Joanne; Krugner-Higby, Lisa; Klauer, Julia M; Medlin, Scott E; Keuler, Nicholas S; Sladky, Kurt K

2009-12-01

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of meloxicam in parrots with experimentally induced arthritis, with extent of weight bearing and rotational perch walking used as outcome measures. ANIMALS-15 adult Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis). PROCEDURES-Arthritis was experimentally induced via intra-articular injection of microcrystalline sodium urate suspension (MSU) into 1 intertarsal joint. Parrots were treated in a crossover design. Five treatments were compared as follows: meloxicam (4 dosages) at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg (IM, q 12 h, 3 times) and 0.03 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (IM, q 12 h, 3 times). The first treatment was given 6 hours following MSU administration. Lameness was assessed by use of a biomechanical perch to record weight-bearing load and a rotational perch to determine dexterity. Feces were collected to assay for occult blood. RESULTS-Parrots treated with meloxicam at 1.0 mg/kg had significantly better return to normal (baseline) weight bearing on the arthritic pelvic limb, compared with control parrots or parrots treated with meloxicam at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg. All fecal samples collected from parrots following induction of arthritis and treatment with meloxicam had negative results for occult blood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Meloxicam administered at 1.0 mg/kg, IM, every 12 hours effectively relieved arthritic pain in parrots.

Caracterização da Frota Pesqueira de Coari, Médio Rio Solimões (Amazonas-Brasil

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Sandrelly Oliveira Inomata

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Os aspectos físicos, operacionais e econômicos da frota pesqueira no município de Coari, situado na região do Médio Rio Solimões (Estado do Amazonas, foram analisados por meio de dados coletados diretamente no porto de desembarque e dados secundários no período de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009 obtidos junto às entidades de classe ligadas à atividade pesqueira. A frota pesqueira do município de Coari foi composta, em sua maioria, por canoas motorizadas (7,6 m ±1,29, e por barcos pesqueiros com média de comprimento de 12,8 m (±1,94. Os lagos Coari e Juçara foram os principais locais de captura do pescado. A malhadeira foi o apetrecho de pesca mais utilizado durante as expedições. As principais espécies capturadas foram as da ordem Characiforme, jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp., pacu (Mylossoma duriventre, Myleus sp., sardinha (Triportheus spp. e curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans. O componente dos custos mais oneroso durante as pescarias de canoas motorizadas foi o combustível. Estes resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de políticas de investimento e medidas adequadas de manejo para melhoria da atividade pesqueira na região de Coari.

Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in rural and urban regions in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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João Bosco Lima Gimaque

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Hantavirus disease is caused by the hantavirus, which is an RNA virus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae. Hantavirus disease is an anthropozoonotic infection transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols from the excreta of hantavirus-infected rodents. In the county of Itacoatiara in the state of Amazonas (AM, Brazil, the first human cases of hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome were described in July 2004. These first cases were followed by two fatal cases, one in the municipality of Maués in 2005 and another in Itacoatiara in 2007. In this study, we investigated the antibody levels to hantavirus in a population of 1,731 individuals from four different counties of AM. Sera were tested by IgG/IgM- enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay using a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of the Araraquara hantavirus as an antigen. Ten sera were IgG positive to hantavirus (0.6%. Among the positive sera, 0.8% (1/122, 0.4% (1/256, 0.2% (1/556 and 0.9% (7/797 were from Atalaia do Norte, Careiro Castanho, Itacoatiara and Lábrea, respectively. None of the sera in this survey were IgM-positive. Because these counties are distributed in different areas of AM, we can assume that infected individuals are found throughout the entire state, which suggests that hantavirus disease could be a local emerging health problem.

Antecipação do período de diagnose foliar em laranjeira 'Pêra' no Amazonas

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Jairo Rafael Machado Dias

2013-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de se antecipar o período de realização da diagnose foliar em laranjeira 'Pêra'. Vinte e sete pomares representativos da região produtora de laranja do Estado do Amazonas foram monitorados durante o ano agrícola de 2011/2012. Foram realizadas diagnoses da composição nutricional (CND em amostras foliares retiradas durante a floração e quando a árvore apresentava frutos com três e seis meses de idade (época tradicional para o monitoramento nutricional. Pomares com produtividade superior a 25 Mg ha‑1 foram selecionados para o estabelecimento dos padrões de referência. O estado nutricional da laranja variou com o estádio fenológico no qual se realizou a amostragem foliar, o que fez com que fosse necessário estabelecer normas CND para cada período. Com a antecipação da diagnose para o período de floração, observou-se aumento nas concentrações foliares de N, P, K e Cu diminuição e nas de Ca. A antecipação da diagnose foliar em laranja 'Pêra' depende da geração de padrões nutricionais CND específicos para cada época de amostragem.

Antinociceptive effects of long-acting nalbuphine decanoate after intramuscular administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Braun, Jana M; Steagall, Paulo V M; Keuler, Nicholas S; Heath, Timothy D; Krugner-Higby, Lisa A; Brown, Carolyn S; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2013-02-01

To evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects and duration of action of nalbuphine decanoate after IM administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 10 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex. Nalbuphine decanoate (33.7 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IM in a randomized complete crossover experimental design (periods 1 and 2). Foot withdrawal threshold to a noxious thermal stimulus was used to evaluate responses. Baseline thermal withdrawal threshold was recorded 1 hour before drug or saline solution administration, and thermal foot withdrawal threshold measurements were repeated 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after drug administration. Nalbuphine decanoate administered IM at a dose of 33.7 mg/kg significantly increased thermal foot withdrawal threshold, compared with results after administration of saline solution during period 2, and also caused a significant change in withdrawal threshold for up to 12 hours, compared with baseline values. Nalbuphine decanoate increased the foot withdrawal threshold to a noxious thermal stimulus in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots for up to 12 hours and provided a longer duration of action than has been reported for other nalbuphine formulations. Further studies with other types of nociceptive stimulation, dosages, and dosing intervals as well as clinical trials are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of nalbuphine decanoate in psittacine birds.

Chagas disease in the State of Amazonas: history, epidemiological evolution, risks of endemicity and future perspectives

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Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Chagas disease (CD is a parasitic infection that originated in the Americas and is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. In the last few years, the disease has spread to countries in North America, Asia and Europe due to the migration of Latin Americans. In the Brazilian Amazon, CD has an endemic transmission, especially in the Rio Negro region, where an occupational hazard was described for piaçaveiros (piassaba gatherers. In the State of Amazonas, the first chagasic infection was reported in 1977, and the first acute CD case was recorded in 1980. After initiatives to integrate acute CD diagnostics with the malaria laboratories network, reports of acute CD cases have increased. Most of these cases are associated with oral transmission by the consumption of contaminated food. Chronic cases have also been diagnosed, mostly in the indeterminate form. These cases were detected by serological surveys in cardiologic outpatient clinics and during blood donor screening. Considering that the control mechanisms adopted in Brazil's classic transmission areas are not fully applicable in the Amazon, it is important to understand the disease behavior in this region, both in the acute and chronic cases. Therefore, the pursuit of control measures for the Amazon region should be a priority given that CD represents a challenge to preserving the way of life of the Amazon's inhabitants.

Evaluation of the micro nutrients daily ingestion and mercury on pre-elementary school children from some communities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil; Avaliacao da ingestao diaria de micronutrientes e mercurio em pre-escolares de algumas comunidades do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Santos, Andrea C.P. [Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Favaro, Deborah I.T.; Farias, Luciana; Maihara, Vera A.; Vasconcellos, Marina B.A. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: defavaro@ipen.br; ime, P.L.; Alencar, Fernando H.; Yuyama, Lucia K. [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, AM (Brazil)]. E-mail: yuyama@inpa.gov.br

2007-07-01

This study evaluates the daily dietetic ingestion of Hg and some nutrients of pre-scholar children from eight communities of Amazonas state, Brazil. Some children from each community were selected and their diets (24 hours total consumption) were collected by the duplicate quantity method and a pool of diets composed for each of these communities. The diet samples were analysed for the Hg total content by a CV AAS linear accelerator and neutron activation analysis for determination of Ca, Fe, K, Se and Zn micro nutrients. Both analytical methodologies precision and accuracy were validated using the certified reference materials analysis. The provisional tolerable weekly ingestion (PTWI) for Hg and the daily micro nutrient ingestion were calculated for each group, considering an 10 kg average weight for each child. The obtained results for all diets were shown the inadequacy prevail for the evaluated micro nutrients, and some communities exceeded the limit of 5 {mu}g Hg/kg of body weight (PTWI). Those results suggested that the nutritional education program must be implemented at those communities, aiming the better utilization of the local food natural resources. (author)

Alimenta??o e rede urbana na Amaz?nia brasileira: um estudo das transforma??es e perman?ncias nos h?bitos alimentares de idosas nas cidades de Tef?, Alvar?es e Uarini, Amazonas.

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Costa, Ellen Anjos Camilo da

2014-01-01

A Amaz?nia ?, sem d?vida, uma ?rea de interesse para o estudo das diferen?as no acesso aos alimentos e, com o r?pido processo de moderniza??o via redes de comunica??o e com?rcio, impacta nos h?bitos alimentares, em especial nas pequenas e m?dias cidades. O principal objetivo desta disserta??o foi analisar na popula??o idosa (feminina) de tr?s cidades do Amazonas, Tef?, Alvar?es e Uarini, as transforma??es e perman?ncias dos h?bitos alimentares. Tem-se como hip?tese de an?lise que o formato da...

Astronomía Mocoví

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López, A.; Giménez Benitez, S.; Fernández, L.

El presente trabajo, es una revisión crítica de la astronomía en la cultura Mocoví, aportando a lo realizado previamente por Lehmann Nistche (Lehmann Nistche, 1924 y 1927) el resultado de nuestro trabajo de campo. Un mayor conocimiento de las cosmovisiones de las etnias de esta área es fundamental para una mejor comprensión de la dispersión de las ideas cosmológicas entre los pueblos aborígenes americanos, dada la importancia del corredor chaqueño como conexión entre las altas culturas andinas, la mesopotamia y la región pampeana (Susnik, 1972). Para ello se realiza una comparación con otras cosmovisiones del área americana. Nuestro aporte se enmarca dentro de las actuales líneas de trabajo mundialmente en desarrollo en Astronomía en la Cultura.

Anemia e marcadores séricos da deficiência de ferro em grávidas atendidas na rede pública municipal de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil Anemia and serum markers of iron deficiency in pregnant women attended by Public Health Service in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

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Carolina Marinho da Costa

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a anemia em grávidas, associando os resultados da dosagem de hemoglobina e hematócrito com a análise de marcadores do perfil sérico do ferro. Participaram do estudo 92 grávidas que estavam realizando pré-natal em unidades de atendimento à saúde no Município de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Foi aplicado um formulário para obtenção dos dados antropométricos e informações sobre estilo de vida, além de serem realizadas dosagens dos níveis séricos de ferro, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro (CLLF, capacidade total de ligação do ferro (CTLF, índice de saturação da transferrina (IST, transferrina, ferritina e níveis sanguíneos de hemoglobina e hematócrito por metodologia automatizada utilizando kits comerciais disponíveis. Foram encontradas 26,1% de grávidas com níveis de hemoglobina abaixo de 11 g/dL. Observou-se que 17,4% das grávidas com níveis normais de hemoglobina apresentavam níveis inadequados de ferro sérico e 9,8% apresentavam níveis baixos de ferritina sérica. Os níveis de ferritina e de hemoglobina apresentaram diferença significativa entre os trimestres de gestação (p This study aimed to evaluate anemia in pregnant women, comparing results of hemoglobin and hemotocrit dosages with analysis of iron serum status markers. 92 pregnant women, in pre-natal attendance in Public Health Service of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to access anthropometric data and life style information. Serum levels of iron, latent iron binding capacity (LIBC, total iron binding capacity (TIBC, transferrin saturation (TS, transferrin, ferritin, and blood levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured by automated methods, using commercially available kits. The study showed that 26.1% of the pregnant women had hemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL. Also, of the pregnant women with normal levels of hemoglobin, 17.4% showed inadequate iron

La Resistencia Indígena: Una forma de fortalecer la cultura, la autoridad y los derechos humanos

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Rubén Darío Guevara Corral

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las expresiones de resistencia indígena, son una de las muestras más significativas de su valoración cultural, que permiten de alguna manera, su reconocimiento como miembros de la sociedad global con derechos y obligaciones por parte del Estado. Los nasa, una etnia del departamento del Cauca, Colombia, han recuperado lo propio de éstas expresiones y a través de la guardia indígena, han inculcado la resistencia, la autoridad y la solidaridad en la disciplina organizativa reflejada en las marchas para reclamar sus derechos.____________ABSTRACT:Expressions of indigenous resistance indicate the most important cultural value of the communities, which in some way, their recognition as members of global society with rights and obligations of the Colombian State. The “Nasa”, ethnic group of the Cauca department, located, south of the country, has regained ownership of these expressions and using the indigenous guard, have instilled the strength, authority and solidarity reflected in the organizational discipline in the marches to demand their rights.

La superaci??n del modelo del ??ngel del hogar:

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Hurtado Mu??oz, M??nica

2012-01-01

La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superaci??n del modelo del "??ngel del hogar". Recuperaci??n de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un an??lisis sociol??gico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer espa??ola en el cambio de siglo en el ??mbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las caracter??sticas propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye q...

Impactos de El Niño y La Niña en las lluvias del Perú (1965-2007

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Waldo Lavado-Casimiro

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Los impactos de El Niño (EN y La Niña (LN en las lluvias del Perú son evaluados utilizando datos de lluvias mensuales (1965-2007 de 155 estaciones distribuidos sobre las tres vertientes hidrográficas del Perú: 85 en la del Pacífico (VP, 21 en la del Lago Titicaca (VT y 49 en la del Amazonas (VA. En una primera etapa, clasificamos los eventos El Niño y La Niña utilizando el Índice Troup de Oscilación del Sur (IOS sobre la base de años hidrológicos (septiembre a agosto. Con esta información, los años se clasificaron en El Niño fuerte (ENF, El Niño moderado (ENM, La Niña moderada (LNM y La Niña fuerte (LNF. Los resultados muestran que sólo durante los eventos ENF y LNF se observa un alto porcentaje de estaciones con anomalías significativas de precipitación y sobre todo localizadas en la VP y VT durante el periodo de diciembre a mayo. Nuestro análisis confirma que la parte norte de la VP presenta un aumento de las lluvias durante ENF, mientras que la región sur andina de la VP presenta disminución (aumento de lluvias durante ENF (LNF. La VT, por su parte, presenta un importante déficit de lluvias durante ENF. La variación de la precipitación en la VA en cambio, es más sensible a los eventos de LNF, durante los cuales se observan lluvias más importantes de lo normal. En una segunda etapa, se analizan los principales modos de variabilidad interanual de las lluvias en el Perú utilizando la técnica de funciones ortogonales empíricas (EOF. Los resultados son relacionados con la variabilidad de la temperatura superficial del mar y los índices IOS, E y C del Pacífico ecuatorial. Se encontró que el principal modo de variabilidad de las lluvias (CP1, 37% de la varianza total está asociado a los dos eventos EN extraordinarios (1983 y 1998, lo cual generó abundantes lluvias en el norte de la VP y sequías en la VT y la VA. Por su parte, el segundo modo de variabilidad de las lluvias (CP2, 25% se correlaciona con las anomal

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in the Skull of an Orange-winged Amazon Parrot (Amazona amazonica).

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Nau, Melissa R; Carpenter, James W; Lin, Denise; Narayanan, Sanjeev; Hallman, Mackenzie

2017-09-01

A 33-year-old female intact orange-winged Amazon parrot (Amazona amazonica) presented for a slowly growing mass over the right eye. A computed tomography scan performed with and without intravenous contrast revealed a heterogeneous mixed soft tissue and mineral-dense mass with a small area of non-contrast-enhancing fluid density located between the orbits at the caudal aspect of the nasal passages, with associated lysis of the right caudal nasal passage and the right frontal bone. Following euthanasia, the mass was found to consist of soft tissue between the right eye and nostril over the right frontal bone. Lysis of the underlying bone resulted in a bony defect leading into the infraorbital sinus along the dorsorostral aspect of the right eye. Histopathology revealed an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated, highly cellular neoplasm composed of islands and trabeculae of neoplastic cells embedded in abundant loose fibrovascular stroma which completely obliterated the cortical bone and sinuses of the rostral skull and infiltrated the surrounding muscle and soft tissue. Histologically, the tumor was consistent with a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, characterized by the presence of epidermoid, intermediate, and mucous-producing cell types. No evidence of metastasis was identified. The tissue of origin was suspected to be salivary or nasal mucous glands, but was difficult to confirm due to distortion of normal tissue architecture as a result of the tumor. Although mucoepidermoid carcinomas are a common salivary gland tumor in human medicine, they are not well recognized in avian species, and no specific case reports exist describing this pathology in an Amazon parrot. Despite the lack of distinct salivary glands in most avian species, mucoepidermoid carcinomas can occur, can cause significant clinical disease, and should be included as a differential diagnosis for avian patients presenting with similar lesions.

Respuestas del clima de América del Sur a las fases de ENSO

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1998-01-01

impulsions de El Niño. Les régions du centre du Brésil semblent aussi ne pas dépendre du phénomène. Durant les années classées comme normales, on n’observe pas de dépendance des contrôles climatiques qui agissent au cours des phases extrêmes de l’Oscillation du Sud. Ceci montre que l’on doit approfondir l’étude des autres causes de variation de la circulation tropicale responsables des anomalies de précipitation. Las fases altas de ENSO, El Niño (EN, y las fases bajas, Anti-Niño (AN, se relacionan diferentemente con los regímenes de lluvias en América del Sur. Para establecer el carácter de estas relaciones, se ha analizado la precipitación anual de estaciones típicas, considerando tres subpoblaciones: totales anuales de años EN, totales de años AN, y el resto o años “normales”. Precediendo a veranos australes con fenómenos EN, la precipitación invernal en Chile Central y los Andes de Argentina es abundante. Durante los veranos con episodios EN en el Pacífico tropical, suelen afectar sequías el Noreste de Brasil especialmente en el otoño o verano precedente. De diciembre a marzo de años EN, llueve copiosamente a lo largo de la costa oeste de América del Sur comprendida entre la Bahía de Tumaco y Pacasmayo. En el interior de la Sierra y el Altiplano peruano boliviano tienen lugar sequías. En las tierras bajas de Bolivia, Paraguay, y el sureste de Brasil hay fuertes lluvias anormales durante el verano y otoño austral. En medio del otoño hay precipitaciones intensas en las tierras bajas del Río de la Plata y el sur de Brasil. El segmento norte y la cuenca inferior del Amazonas tienen menos pluviosidad durante EN y niveles mayores durante AN. La cuenca interior del Amazonas reacciona inversamente, ya que tiene pluviosidad excesiva durante algunos EN. Las regiones de Venezuela y Colombia bajo la influencia del Caribe y el Atlántico experimentan anomalías negativas de lluvias durante EN y alta pluviosidad en AN. Algunas regiones de la

EXPLICITAÇÃO DOS DISCURSOS DE CRIMES COM SUSPEITA DE MOTIVAÇÃO HOMOFÓBICA EM JORNAIS DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS

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Isaac Guidão Toscano

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Objetiva-se analisar os discursos sobre homicídios a pessoas não heterossexuais, noticiados nos Estado do amazonas no período de 2010 á 2012. A pesquisa ancorou-se no método de análise do discurso a partir da arqueogenealogia foucaultiana em diálogo com a produção de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros filiados à Teoria Queer.  Evidenciou-se a propalação do discurso jornalístico presente nos crimes suspeitos de motivação homofóbica através dos jornais: A crítica e Diário 24 horas, em versões impressas e on line. Dentre os resultados destaca-se a sutil reiteração de enunciados estigmatizantes das sexualidades não heterossexuais, tais como a repatologização e a moralização da conduta sexual presentes no discurso dos jornais amazonenses. Evidenciam-se ainda, as estratégias jornalísticas de reiteração de verdades dos seres abjetos à heteronormatividade.

Hematologic and Total Plasma Protein Values in Free-Living Red-tailed Amazon Parrot Nestlings (Amazona brasiliensis) in Paraná State, Brazil.

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Vaz, Frederico F; Locatelli-Dittrich, Rosangela; Sipinski, Elenise A B; Abbud, Maria C; Sezerban, Rafael M; Schmidt, Elizabeth M S; Dittrich, Jaqueline; Cavalheiro, Maria L

2015-09-01

The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is an endangered psittacid species that is endemic in the south and southeast Brazilian Atlantic coastal region. Hematologic evaluation is important to monitor the health of these birds, and information about laboratory values for this species is scarce. Hematologic and total plasma protein profiles were determined for 33 free-living nestling parrots in Paraná state, Brazil. Parrots were temporarily removed from the nest and manually restrained to record body weight and collect blood samples. Mean body weight was 400 g in 20 birds (group 2). Significantly higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, white blood cell counts, monocytes, and basophils were observed in younger birds (group 1). A stress leukogram (high white blood cell and heterophil count) was found in all nestlings, suggesting stress induced by capture and restraint. Parameters obtained in this study will be essential to assess the physiologic and pathologic condition of wild parrots, to evaluate the effects of environmental changes on their health, and to contribute to conservation efforts of this endangered species.

USOS DE LAS PALMAS EN LA AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA

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LAURA MESA

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de obtener un diagnóstico del estado actual de conocimiento sobre usos de las palmas en la Amazonia colombiana, se revisaron las principales fuentes de información. Treinta y seis de las 41 etnias indígenas consideradas tuvieron registros de uso. Se registraron 82 especies de palmas usadas (78% de las potenciales y 165 usos distribuidos en ocho categorías; todos los usos se presentan de manera detallada en un catálogo. Las categorías de uso más importantes fueron: utensilios y herramientas, construcción, y alimentación humana. Las diez especies más importantes fueron Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe precatoria, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Attalea maripa, Oenocarpus minor, Astrocaryum chambira, Iriartea deltoidea, Oenocarpus bacaba y Socratea exorrhiza; la mayoría de ellas también han sido registradas como las más importantes en otras partes del Neotrópico. No se encontró ninguna información sobre usos de palmas para varios grupos indígenas, especialmente para las etnias cocama, letuama, piaroa, pisamira y yurí, para las cuales se requieren investigaciones detalladas. Se concluye que a pesar de los vacíos de información, los resultados muestran que las palmas son un recurso muy importante con un gran potencial, y una pieza fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo sustentable de la Amazonia colombiana. Sugerimos la inclusión de las especies más importantes en programas de manejo y agroforestales, al igual que la implementación y popularización de técnicas de cosecha no destructivas. Recomendamos además que las investigaciones futuras estén enfocadas en desarrollar estrategias de manejo que garanticen el uso sostenible de todas estas especies útiles.

Contenido de metales pesados en pescados comercializados en Iquitos, Nauta y Requena

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Dora García de Sotero

2013-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en el músculo de los  pescados colectados en los mercados de las ciudades de Iquitos (Cuenca del Ríos Amazonas; Nauta (Cuenca del Río Marañón y Requena (Cuenca del Río Ucayali en el año 2011. Para la muestra de cada lugar se consideró cinco individuos por cada especie. La metodología empleada para la determinación de Hierro, Cobre, Plomo, Cadmio, Cromo y Cinc fue el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EEA, y para la determinación de Mercurio se efectuó por la EEA acoplado la Cámara de vapor frio.  De acuerdo a los resultados se observó que en todas las especies estudiadas de las Cuencas de los Ríos Amazonas y Marañón, tanto en creciente como en vaciante, superaron los límites máximos permisibles con respecto a la acumulación de plomo y cromo comparados con los Límites Máximos Permisibles reportados por las Normas Internacionales. Para las especies de la Cuenca del Río Ucayali, en creciente algunas especies (lisa, boquichico y paco pasaron el límite máximo permisible con respecto a la acumulación de cromo; pero en vaciante todas las especies pasaron ese límite. Con respecto al mercurio, ninguna de las especies en estudio, de las tres Cuencas pasaron el límite máximo permisible cuando fueron comparados con los valores reportados por las Normas Internacionales.

Contenido de metales pesados en pescados comercializados en Iquitos, Nauta y Requena

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Dora García de Sotero

2013-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en el músculo de los pescados colectados en los mercados de las ciudades de Iquitos (Cuenca del Ríos Amazonas; Nauta (Cuenca del Río Marañón y Requena (Cuenca del Río Ucayali en el año 2011. Para la muestra de cada lugar se consideró cinco individuos por cada especie. La metodología empleada para la determinación de Hierro, Cobre, Plomo, Cadmio, Cromo y Cinc fue el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EEA, y para la determinación de Mercurio se efectuó por la EEA acoplado la Cámara de vapor frio.  De acuerdo a los resultados se observó que, en todas las especies estudiadas de las Cuencas de los Ríos Amazonas y Marañón, tanto en creciente como en vaciante, superaron los límites máximos permisibles con respecto a la acumulación de plomo y cromo comparados con los Límites Máximos Permisibles reportados por las Normas Internacionales. Para las especies de la Cuenca del Río Ucayali, en creciente algunas especies (lisa, boquichico y paco pasaron el límite máximo permisible con respecto a la acumulación de cromo; pero en vaciante todas las especies pasaron ese límite. Con respecto al mercurio, ninguna de las especies en estudio, de las tres Cuencas pasaron el límite máximo permisible cuando fueron comparados con los valores reportados por las Normas Internacionales.

Amazonas del mar y sátiros acuáticos

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Kluge, Sofie

2009-01-01

  The work of Luis de Góngora (1561-1627) arguably represents the peak of early Baroque poetic mythography, but even if myth is a recurring element in Gongorine poetry its appearance varies greatly. From the youthful poetry to the major works of the first decades of the 17th century and beyond we...

Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae from Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil, with a description of Evandromyia (Aldamyia apurinan Shimabukuro, Figueira & Silva, sp. nov.

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Elder Augusto Guimarães Figueira

2013-05-01

Full Text Available An entomological survey was conducted from July-December 2009 and September-December 2010, as part of the epidemiological monitoring of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL in the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas (AM, Brazil. Sandflies were collected using CDC light traps installed in intra and peridomiciliary locations, as well as the border of forested areas around houses where autochthonous cases of ACL were recorded. A total of 510 sandflies belonging to 26 species were collected. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia antunesi (44.5% followed by Evandromyia walkeri (10.6% and Micropygomyia rorotaensis (9.8%. Here we also describe Evandromyia (Aldamyia apurinan sp. nov. and report new records for Trichophoromyia flochi and Evandromyia sipani in AM and Brazil, respectively. Our results describe the composition of the sandfly fauna in the south of AM and suggest Ny. antunesi as the putative vector in the transmission of Leishmania in this area of the Amazon Region.

Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil, with a description of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) apurinan Shimabukuro, Figueira & Silva, sp. nov.

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Figueira, Elder Augusto Guimarães; Silva, Glacicleide; Chagas, Erica Cristina da Silva; Shimabukuro, Paloma Helena Fernandes

2013-05-01

An entomological survey was conducted from July-December 2009 and September-December 2010, as part of the epidemiological monitoring of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas (AM), Brazil. Sandflies were collected using CDC light traps installed in intra and peridomiciliary locations, as well as the border of forested areas around houses where autochthonous cases of ACL were recorded. A total of 510 sandflies belonging to 26 species were collected. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia antunesi (44.5%) followed by Evandromyia walkeri (10.6%) and Micropygomyia rorotaensis (9.8%). Here we also describe Evandromyia (Aldamyia) apurinan sp. nov. and report new records for Trichophoromyia flochi and Evandromyia sipani in AM and Brazil, respectively. Our results describe the composition of the sandfly fauna in the south of AM and suggest Ny. antunesi as the putative vector in the transmission of Leishmania in this area of the Amazon Region.

Pharmacokinetics of repeated oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Souza, Marcy J; Gerhardt, Lillian; Cox, Sherry

2013-07-01

To determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride (30 mg/kg) following twice-daily oral administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 9 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Tramadol hydrochloride was administered to each parrot at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 5 days. Blood samples were collected just prior to dose 2 on the first day of administration (day 1) and 5 minutes before and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, and 720 minutes after the morning dose was given on day 5. Plasma was harvested from blood samples and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Degree of sedation was evaluated in each parrot throughout the study. No changes in the parrots' behavior were observed. Twelve hours after the first dose was administered, mean ± SD concentrations of tramadol and its only active metabolite M1 (O-desmethyltramadol) were 53 ± 57 ng/mL and 6 ± 6 ng/mL, respectively. At steady state following 4.5 days of twice-daily administration, the mean half-lives for plasma tramadol and M1 concentrations were 2.92 ± 0.78 hours and 2.14 ± 0.07 hours, respectively. On day 5 of tramadol administration, plasma concentrations remained in the therapeutic range for approximately 6 hours. Other tramadol metabolites (M2, M4, and M5) were also present. On the basis of these results and modeling of the data, tramadol at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, PO, will likely need to be administered every 6 to 8 hours to maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.

Design and Use of a 3D Prosthetic Leg in a Red-lored Amazon Parrot ( Amazona autumnalis).

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Galicia, Cecilia; Hernandez Urraca, Vanessa; Del Castillo, Luis; Mvz, Jaime Samour

2018-06-01

A three-dimensional (3D) prosthesis was designed and built for a red-lored Amazon parrot ( Amazona autumnalis) with a pre-existing amputation of the distal left leg at the tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal joint and injuries to the right leg caused by cage companion aggression. The prosthesis consisted of a straight main imprint, with a round element at both ends to provide stability, and a bridge connecting this to a socket without a bottom where the stump could be accommodated and held securely with self-adhesive bandaging. Over a 4-month period, 3 different 3D prosthetic models were made and evaluated. The first model was fitted, but the parrot would only use the tip of the main imprint to stand and walk. The second model was designed with a semicircular imprint with only 1 round element at the cranial end, a different bridge to accommodate the change to the main imprint, and the same socket. With these changes, the parrot was able to place the imprint of the prosthesis on the floor to stand and move freely around its enclosure. To accommodate morphologic changes on the stump, a third model was created consisting of the same imprint and bridge, but the socket was cut vertically all the way on one side to allow distention on its diameter and provide a long-lasting fit to the stump over time.

Survey of pathogens in threatened wild red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) nestlings in Rasa Island, Brazil.

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Vaz, Frederico Fontanelli; Serafini, Patrícia Pereira; Locatelli-Dittrich, Rosangela; Meurer, Rafael; Durigon, Edison Luiz; de Araújo, Jansen; Thomazelli, Luciano Matsumiya; Ometto, Tatiana; Sipinski, Elenise Angelotti Bastos; Sezerban, Rafael Meirelles; Abbud, Maria Cecília; Raso, Tânia Freitas

The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is a threatened species of psittacine bird that inhabit coastal regions of Brazil. In view of the threat of this species, the aim of this study was to perform a health evaluation in wild nestlings in Rasa Island, determining the prevalence of enterobacteria and infectious agents according to type of nest. Blood samples were collected from 64 birds and evaluated for antibodies of Chlamydia psittaci by commercial dot-blot ELISA. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs samples were collected from 23 birds from artificial wooden nests, 15 birds from PVC nests and 2 birds from natural nests for microbiological analysis. Swab samples were collected from 58 parrots for C. psittaci detection by PCR and from 50 nestlings for Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease and West Nile viruses' detection analysis by real-time RT-PCR. Ten bacterial genera and 17 species were identified, and the most prevalent were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca. There was no influence of the type of nest in the nestlings' microbiota. All samples tested by ELISA and PCR were negative. There is currently insufficient information available about the health of A. brasiliensis and data of this study provide a reference point for future evaluations and aid in conservation plans. Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Historia del Pádel = History of Padel

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Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo resume la historia del deporte del pádel. Existen dos versiones sobre el origen del pádel. La primera versión relaciona los antecedentes del pádel con los de otros deportes de raqueta como el tenis o el bádminton, siendo su origen común el jeu de la paume francés. Posteriormente, surgen variantes en Estados Unidos como el Paddle Tennis y el Platform Tennis, siendo versiones reducidas del tenis, pero con elementos muy comunes al pádel actual. La segunda versión, aprobada por la Federación Internacional de Pádel, afirma que este deporte nació en México, en 1969, a través del empresario Enrique Corcuera.--------------------------------------------------------------------This research summarizes the history of paddle sport. There are two versions about the origin of paddle. The first version relates the history of paddle with other racket sports like tennis or badminton, and its common origin of the Jeu de Paume French. Later, in in the United States, appear two sports called Paddle Tennis and Platform Tennis, which are reduced versions of tennis sport, but these have lot of common characteristics with paddle. The second version, approved by the International Padel Federation, said the sport was born in Mexico in 1969, through the businessman Enrique Corcuera.

Procesos cognitivos en la composición escrita de niños con deprivación sociocultural

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Antonio García Guzmán

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los procesos cognitivos implicados en la composición escrita que realizan los niños de etnia Gitana. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio de casos, concretamente 3 alumnos, que han sido entrevistados sobre los distintos aspectos relacionados con la planificación, revisión, estructuración y autorregulación. Los datos arrojan algunas deficiencias en procesos como: el registro de ideas, la utilización de estrategias, la secuenciación de ideas, la organización general del texto y la falta de revisión en sus textos (ortografía y caligrafía.

Renal, gastrointestinal, and hemostatic effects of oral administration of meloxicam to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Dijkstra, Bas; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Gustavsen, Kate; Owens, Sean D; Hass, Carlyle; Kass, Philip H; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

2015-04-01

To investigate renal, gastrointestinal, and hemostatic effects associated with oral administration of multiple doses of meloxicam to healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 12 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Birds were assigned to receive meloxicam oral suspension (1.6 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) and 2.5 mL of tap water inserted into the crop by use of a gavage tube (n = 8) or the equivalent volume of tap water only (control group; 4) for 15 days. Urine and feces were collected 2 hours after treatment administration each day. Feces were evaluated for occult blood. Results of a CBC and serum biochemical analysis and measured N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and whole blood clotting time were evaluated before, during, and after completion of treatments. Results of urinalysis and measured urine NAG activity were also evaluated. Birds treated with meloxicam had a significant increase in number of WBCs and decrease in PCV from before to after treatment. The PCV also decreased significantly, compared with results for the control group; however, WBC count and PCV for all birds remained within reference ranges throughout the study. One parrot treated with meloxicam had a single high value for urine NAG activity. Meloxicam administered orally at the dosage used in this study caused no apparent negative changes in several renal, gastrointestinal, or hemostatic variables in healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Additional studies to evaluate adverse effects of NSAIDs in birds will be needed.

Fluoroscopic study of the normal gastrointestinal motility and measurements in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (Amazona ventralis).

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Beaufrère, Hugues; Nevarez, Javier; Taylor, W Michael; Jankowski, Gwendolyn; Rademacher, Nathalie; Gaschen, Lorrie; Pariaut, Romain; Tully, Thomas N

2010-01-01

Contrast fluoroscopy is a valuable tool to examine avian gastrointestinal motility. However, the lack of a standardized examination protocol and reference ranges prevents the objective interpretation of motility disorders and other gastrointestinal abnormalities. Our goals were to evaluate gastrointestinal motility in 20 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) by contrast fluoroscopy. Each parrot was crop-fed an equal part mixture of barium sulfate and hand-feeding formula and placed in a cardboard box for fluoroscopy. Over a 3-h period, 1.5 minute segments of lateral and ventrodorsal fluoroscopy were recorded every 30 min. The gastric cycle and patterns of intestinal motility were described. The frequency of crop contractions, esophageal boluses, and gastric cycles were determined in lateral and ventrodorsal views. A range of 3.4-6.6 gastric cycles/min was noted on the lateral view and 3.0-6.6 gastric cycles/min on the ventrodorsal view. Circular measurements of the proventriculus diameter, ventriculus width, and length were obtained using the midshaft femoral diameter as a standard reference unit. The upper limits of the reference ranges were 3.6 and 4.7 femoral units for the proventriculus diameter in the lateral and ventrodorsal view, respectively. Two consecutive measurements were obtained and the measurement technique was found to have high reproducibility. In this study, we established a standardized protocol for contrast fluoroscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract and a reliable measurement method of the proventriculus and ventriculus using femoral units in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot.

"É muito dificultoso!": etnografia dos cuidados a pacientes com hipertensão e/ou diabetes na atenção básica, em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil "It sure ain't easy!": an ethnographic study of primary health care for patients with hypertension and/or diabetes in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de Souza

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O texto analisa os resultados de pesquisa avaliativa da Atenção Básica à Saúde do paciente com hipertensão e/ou diabetes em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. A abordagem etnográfica utilizou, como categorias analíticas centrais, o acesso aos serviços e a integralidade do cuidado, comparando-se as práticas sanitárias desenvolvidas em unidade do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF e em unidade básica de saúde não-PSF. A facilitação do acesso à unidade de saúde da família implantada em comunidade carente é limitada pela precariedade de infra-estrutura urbana do seu entorno. A unidade básica de saúde tem, nas grandes distâncias, a sua principal barreira de acesso. A inexistência de sistema de referência entre os distintos níveis de complexidade compromete o acesso dos pacientes a exames e especialistas. O cuidado oferecido nas duas unidades é restrito às queixas físicas passíveis de abordagem farmacológica, comprometendo a integralidade. Há baixa capacidade de escuta dos profissionais para problemas distintos do foco da ação programática. Destacam-se as potencialidades da utilização da etnografia na pesquisa avaliativa de sistemas e serviços de saúde.This paper analyzes the results of an evaluative study in the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, on primary health care for patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. The ethnographic approach used access to services and comprehensiveness of health care as core analytical categories, comparing the health practices developed by Family Health Program (FHP units with traditional non-FHP primary care units. Access to family health care units in low-income communities is limited by the precarious surrounding urban infrastructure. The main barrier to access to primary care units is distance. The lack of a referral system between the various levels of complexity jeopardizes patients' access to tests and specialists. The care supplied by the two units is limited to patient

Distribuição de Paravelia recens (Drake & Harris, 1935 (Hemíptera, Heteroptera, Veliidae em Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907 (Bromeliaceae na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil Distribution of Paravelia recens (Drake & Harris, 1935 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Veliidae in Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907 (Bromeliaceae at Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil

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Domingos Leonardo Vieira Pereira

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este é o primeiro registro de Paravelia recens (Drake & Harris, 1935 (Heteroptera: Veliidae em fitotelmata de Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907 (Bromeliaceae. O estudo foi conduzido na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, localizada na rodovia AM 010 km 26, Manaus, Amazonas. Foram realizadas doze amostragens, entre abril de 2003 e abril de 2005, seis no período chuvoso e seis no período de seca. Para cada amostragem, 12 bromélias foram analisadas, seis terrestres e seis epífitas, totalizando 144 amostras. Com exceção das amostras de março e outubro de 2004, 94 espécimes de P. recens foram encontrados. O número de indivíduos coletados foi semelhante nos estratos amostrados, sendo 46 terrestres e 48 epífitas. No período chuvoso foi encontrado um maior número de P. recens (teste-t entre períodos; t =2,57; p=0,011, assim como a abundância de indivíduos esteve positivamente correlacionada com o volume de água por bromélia (r s= 0,18; p=0,033. Este fato pode ser explicado pelo maior aporte de água no período chuvoso acarretando o aumento do volume médio de água nas bromélias.This is the first record of Paravelia recens (Drake & Harris, 1935 (Heteroptera: Veliidae in phytotelmata of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907 (Bromeliaceae. The study was conduced at Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, located on road AM 010 Km 26, Manaus, Amazonas. Twelve samplings were taken between April 2003 and April 2005, namely, six in the wet season and six in the dry season. Twelve bromeliads were analysed for each sampling, six terrestrials and six epiphytics, totaling 144 samples. With the exception of the 2004 March and October samples, 94 specimens of P. recens were found. The number of individuals was similar in the stratums sampled, accounting for 46 terrestrials and 48 epiphytics. P. recens were found in great abundance in the wet season (t-test between season; t=2,57; p=0,011, and the abundance of individuals was positively correlated with water volume

Plantas daninhas hospedeiras alternativas de Colletotrichum guaranicola em cultivos de guaraná no Estado do Amazonas Alternative host weeds of Colletotrichum guaranicola in guarana crops in the State Amazonas

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L.J. Miléo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available As plantas daninhas reduzem a produção de sementes de guaraná e podem hospedar microrganismos patogênicos, tornando-se potenciais fontes de inóculo. Este trabalho identificou espécies de plantas daninhas colonizadas pelo fungo Colletotrichum guaranicola em cultivos de guaranazeiro em quatro municípios do Estado do Amazonas. As plantas daninhas foram identificadas e a presença do fungo foi verificada por meio de isolamentos feitos a partir de fragmentos de folhas lesionadas. As espécies colonizadas por C. guaranicola foram Bidens bipinnata, Chloris sp., Clidemia capitellata, Cyperus flavus, Elephantopus scaber, Euphorbia brasiliensis, Hemidiodia sp., Hyptis lantanifolia, Paspalum conjugatum, Physalis angulata e Synedrella nodiflora, as quais podem representar uma fonte de inóculo do patógeno, além das plantas de guaraná. A diversidade de plantas daninhas, em cultivos de guaranazeiro, reforça a importância de estabelecer práticas de manejo dessas plantas, principalmente em Maués, onde ocorreu maior colonização das espécies de plantas daninhas pelo fungo.Weed infestation may reduce grain guarana crops yield and host plant pathogens becoming potential inoculum sources. This research identified weed species colonized by the fungus Colletotrichum guaranicola in the guarana crop in four counties in the state of Amazon. The weeds were identified fungi presence was observed by isolation from leaf fragments of leaves injured by the fungi. The weed species colonized by Colletotrichum guaranicola were Bidens bipinnata, Chloris sp., Clidemia capitellata, Cyperus flavus, Elephantopus scaber, Euphorbia brasiliensis, Hemidiodia sp., Hyptis lantanifolia, Paspalum conjugatum, Physalis angulata and Synedrella nodiflora,that may represent a strong potential of plant pathogen inoculum, along with the guarana plants. Weed diversity in guarana crop shows the importance of establishing management practices to control these weeds, mainly in the Maues

O Boi-Bumbá de Parintins, Amazonas: breve história e etnografia da festa Boi-Bumbá in Parintins, Amazonas: a brief history and ethnography of the festival

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Maria Laura Viveiros de Castro Cavalcanti

2000-09-01

Full Text Available O festival dos Bois-Bumbás de Parintins (AM alcançou nos últimos anos dimensões massivas, conjugando, de modo inesperado e criativo, padrões e temas culturais tradicionais a procedimentos e abordagens modernizantes. É hoje uma das grandes manifestações populares do Norte do Brasil, atraindo milhares de pessoas não só de Manaus (a capital do estado e cidades próximas, como de diversas partes do país. O artigo analisa-o a partir de uma perspectiva antropológica, centrada no estudo dos rituais. Tece considerações sobre o estudo e a história do folguedo no Brasil. Empreende uma etnografia do festival, situando-o no contexto da região amazônica e examinando a trajetória percorrida desde sua criação aos dias atuais. Sugere, finalmente, a interpretação do Bumbá como um novo nativismo que, ao valorizar as raízes regionais indígenas, afirma positivamente uma identidade cultural cabocla.In recent years, the Boi-Bumbá festival in Parintins, in the state of Amazonas, has reached massive proportions. In surprising and creative ways, the festival mixes traditional cultural patterns and themes together with modernizing procedures and approaches. It has now become a major expression of popular culture in North Brazil, drawing thousands of people not only from the state capital of Manaus and nearby cities but also from all over the country. The article analyzes the Boi-Bumbá from an anthropological perspective, centered on the study of rituals and including observations on the study and history of folguedo in Brazil. Looking from an ethnographic angle, the article situates the festival in the context of the Amazon and examines the road taken from its creation to today. In conclusion, the Bumbá is interpreted as a new nativism that serves as a positive affirmation of cabocla cultural identity by valuing indigenous regional roots.

Andean contributions to the biogeochemistry of the amazon river system

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1995-01-01

Full Text Available LA CONTRIBUTION ANDINE A LA BIOGEOCHIMIE DE L’AMAZONE. Les fleuves andins ont vraisemblablement un rôle déterminant sur la biogéochimie de l’Amazone au Brésil. Les données disponibles sur le C organique, le NO3- et le PO43- des fleuves andins montrent des concentrations très variables et ne révèlent aucune relation avec leur altitude ou leur position dans le bassin. En général, les concentrations des fleuves andins sont semblables à celles du chenal principal et de ses principaux affluents. L’explication des phénomènes d’altération du matériel provenant des Andes ne peut être que spéculative. Cependant, l’atténuation du signal andin est liée à la décomposition et à l’ajout de matériel en aval des Andes. Les analyses de 13C sur la matière organique particulaire ou soluble du chenal principal de l’Amazone mettent en évidence qu’une fraction andine persiste dans le système fluvial qui se jette dans l’océan Atlantique. En 1994, un nouveau programme international de recherche a commencé pour mieux caractériser la biogéochimie des fleuves andins. CONTRIBUCIÓN ANDINA A LA BIOGEOQUÍMICA DEL RÍO AMAZONAS. Los ríos andinos podrían ejercer una influencia significativa sobre la biogeoquímica del Río Amazonas. Las concentraciones en C orgánico, NO3- y PO43- de los ríos andinos son altamente variables y no presentan claros patrones geográficos o altitudinos. En general, las concentraciones presentan valores similares a aquéllos observados en el Río Amazonas. Actualmente sólo existen explicaciones especulativas de los procesos que modifican el material de origen andino sin embargo, la atenuación de la señal andina es una consecuencia del proceso de descomposición y de la añadidura de materiales provenientes de las planicies bajas. El contenido de 13C en el material orgánico del Río Amazonas constituye una evidencia concreta de que cierta fracción del material andino persiste y es transportado hacia el

Baixa prevalência de discromatopsia, pela 4ª edição do teste pseudoisocromático HRR (Hardy, Rand e Rittler), da população indígena de etnia terena da aldeia lalima na região de Miranda: Mato Grosso do Sul Low prevalence of dyschromatopsia using the fourth edition of HRR (Hardy, Rand and Rittler) pseudoisochromatic plate test among the Indian population of Lalima village, Terena

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Marcos Rogério Mistro Piccinin; Juliana Ferrari Cunha; Herbert Paulo de Almeida; Cleiton Cassio Bach; Andréa Cristina Grubits Gonçalves de Oliveira Dossa; Reinaldo Ferreira da Silva; Valdir Filgueiras Pessoa

2007-01-01

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência de discromatopsias através da 4ª edição do teste pseudoisocromático HRR (Hardy, Rand and Rittler) entre a população indígena masculina da aldeia Lalima, etnia Terena, na região de Miranda-MS. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas viagens à aldeia Lalima em Miranda-MS, nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2005. As viagens para realizar os exames só foram iniciadas após o projeto ter sido avaliado e aprovado pelos Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da UFMS, Comitê Nacional de Ética e ...

Las misiones de los capuchinos en el valle del río cesar en la primera mitad del siglo xviii

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Hugues R. Sánchez Mejía

2014-02-01

Full Text Available La necesidad de controlar y evangelizar a la población indígena de la gobernación de Santa Marta y la península de la Guajira permitió un tipo de poblamiento que se denominó en la época como congregaciones.1 Estas congregaciones estuvieron a cargo de lo frailes de la orden de los capuchinos. Estos, iniciaron hacía el año de 1716 un proceso que permitiría la congregación de un número importante de indígenas de  diversas etnias en cercanías a las ciudades de Valledupar y Riohacha. Este proceso se relaciona fuertemente con el nacimiento de sitios o poblados que para finales delsiglo XVIII aparecen como parroquias de libres y cercanos a hatos ganaderos. Se podrían ubicar las congregaciones hechas por los capuchinos como un antecedente de las campañas "pobladoras» que se originan a partir de 1740 por parte de Fernando de Mier y Guerra.

LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND RELATIVE CONDITION FACTOR OF Arapaima gigas SCHINZ, 1822 FROM EXTRACTIVE RESERVE OF JURUÁ RIVER, AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

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Gilson Silva da Cunha

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Arapaima gigas (pirarucu is a large fish greatly appreciated in Amazon region. The present work determined the weight-length relationship and the relative condition factor (Kn of eviscerated pirarucu specimens from the extractive reserve (RESEX of Juruá river, Amazonas, Brazil. The relative frequency distributions by weight class indicated amplitude between 20,000 and 115,000g and the classes of greatest frequency were between 30,000 and 80,000g. The equation that describes 3.0157 this relationship is W = 0.0092L3.0157, showing an isometric growth. Kn presented values of 0.98 ± 0.01, ranging between 0.94-1.01. The results indicate that fish stock of A. gigas in the RESEX of Juruá river presents good management conditions since most of the fish caught presented commercial weight and high utilization of meat, and also the equations of weight-length relationship and Kn values can be considered as reference for A. gigas eviscerated of the studied region. Palavras-chave: pirarucu, biometric, homeostasis, management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n4p124-126

The awakening of Kumpanam: History and myth at an environmental conflict in the Amazonia

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Garra, Simone

2012-01-01

In the last years the Awajún people, settled in the Río Cenepa watershed (Department of Amazonas, Peru) are struggling to defend their land from the impact of the mining activities in the Cordillera del Condor mountains. The myth of Kumpanan, an ancestor associated to the homonymous pick, located in the mining area, has been revitalized, with a new meaning, mirroring the current social and environmental contingency of the area. This contributes to rethink the linkages existing between «histor...

Potencial del Agua del suelo

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Bustamante Heliodoro

1986-12-01

Full Text Available La energía potencial del agua presenta diferencias de un punto del suelo a otro; esas diferencias son las que originan el movimiento del agua de acuerdo a la tendencia universal de la materia en el sentido de moverse de donde la energía potencial es mayor a donde dicha energía es menor. En el suelo el agua en consecuencia se mueve hacia donde su energía decrece hasta lograr su estado de equilibrio. Se desprende entonces que la cantidad de energía potencial absoluta contenida en el agua, no es importante por sí misma, sino por su relación con la energía en diferentes lugares dentro del suelo. El concepto Potencial de agua del suelo es un criterio para esta energía.

El concepto de nada como equivalencia al número cero según los aborígenes de Venezuela

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Domingo Sánchez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio, trata de establecer cómo el concepto del cero y su signo, desconocidos por parte de los aborígenes de Venezuela, ha sido substituido por los términos: nada, ninguno, nadie en varios de los idiomas de algunas de las etnias sobrevivientes en Venezuela. Con lo cual, el concepto de la nada, equivalente en español al número cero 0, es utilizado de modo virtual por nuestros indígenas. No obstante, que en las culturas de los Olmeca y luego los Maya, se conoció y usó el signo y el número cero dentro de su sistema de numeración, varios siglos antes que en Asia y Europa. Y por su parte, en el Imperio Inca, con su invento del quipu en sus variedades, el cero y la nada, estaba implícito al dejar un lugar libre entre determinado grupo de nudos.

El concepto de nada como equivalencia al número cero según los aborígenes de Venezuela

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Domingo Sánchez

2012-08-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio, trata de establecer cómo el concepto del cero y su signo, desconocidos por parte de los aborígenes de Venezuela, ha sido substituido por los términos: nada, ninguno, nadie en varios de los idiomas de algunas de las etnias sobrevivientes en Venezuela. Con lo cual, el concepto de la nada, equivalente en español al número cero 0, es utilizado de modo virtual por nuestros indígenas. No obstante, que en las culturas de los Olmeca y luego los Maya, se conoció y usó el signo y el número cero dentro de su sistema de numeración, varios siglos antes que en Asia y Europa. Y por su parte, en el Imperio Inca, con su invento del quipu en sus variedades, el cero y la nada, estaba implícito al dejar un lugar libre entre determinado grupo de nudos.

Análisis de la proporción sexual al nacimiento en la etnia toba de la provincia de Formosa

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Lanza, Norberto

2003-01-01

Full Text Available En seres humanos, la varianza en éxito reproductivo es mayor en hombres que en mujeres. Dada esta caracterísitca, Trivers y Willard postularon que sería ventajoso para madres en buenas condiciones físicas invertir en engendrar varones, mientras que aquellas madres cuyo estado físico no es óptimo deberían engendrar niñas. Una disminución en el estado nutricional y físico de la madre, un aumento de la edad materna al nacimiento y un incremento en el orden de paridad, determinaría una disminución en la proporción de hijos varones al momento del nacimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de evaluar la hipótesis de Trivers y Willard en dos comunidades Toba de la provincia de Formosa. Se relevaron 396 historias reproductivas de mujeres de una comunidad peri-urbana y 336 de una comunidad rural. Se estimó el Indice de Masculinidad (IM de cada comunidad desde el año 1980 y se analizó su variación en relación a la edad materna y la paridad. Ambas comunidades muestran una disminución del IM a partir primer nacimiento. La comunidad peri-urbana muestra una caída del IM en relación con la edad materna hasta los 39 años incrementándose a partir de los 40 años. La comunidad rural, muestra un patrón similar, pero con un primer aumento entre los 25 y 29 años. Los resultados muestran una importante caída del IM hasta los años 1985-1988 y una recuperación a partir de esos años. La asociación con variables socioeconómicas durante estos años también se presentará como posible evidencia a favor de la hipótesis bajo estudio.

Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz

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Furcal-Beriguete, Parménides; Herrera-Barrantes, Alejandra

2013-01-01

Efecto del silicio y plaguicidas en la fertilidad del suelo y rendimiento del arroz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, ...

Universidad y ciudadanía: elementos para una agenda de diálogo común

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Juan Fredy Rozo Bellón

2003-11-01

Full Text Available La Amazonia es en la conciencia colectiva del planeta el espacio natural y cultural más conservado y donde es posible el desarrollo sostenible. Pero la realidad es otra: factores históricos y económicos, aunados a la codicia, la ignorancia y las erradas políticas andinas para las selvas han llevado a esta región a soportar intensos procesos de deforestación y extracción de sus recursos naturales y culturales. Al analizar la encrucijada del sin modelo económico actual del Amazonas, se encuentra que la salida está en apoyar técnica y decididamente a los productores indígenas y campesinos para estructurar participativamente encadenamientos comerciales entre diferentes sectores productivos, como una gran red asociativa de "empresas" e iniciativas sostenibles locales.

Mansonella ozzardi in Amazonas, Brazil: prevalence and distribution in the municipality of Coari, in the middle Solimões River

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Marilaine Martins

2010-05-01

Full Text Available This study investigated some epidemiological aspects of the Mansonella ozzardi in municipality of Coari, Amazonas. Clinical symptoms were correlated with the filarial infection and the parasitic infection rates (PIR were estimated in simuliid vectors. The general M. ozzardi human prevalence rate was 13.3% (231/1733, of which 10.2% (109/1069 were from the urban area and 18.4% (122/664 from the rural area. The prevalence rates were higher in men (14.5% urban and 19.7% rural than in women (6.7% urban and 17.2% rural and occurred in most age groups. The indices of microfilaremics were higher in people > 51 years old (26.9% urban and 61.5% rural. High prevalence rates were observed in retired people (27.1% urban area, housewives and farmer (41.6% and 25%, respectively, in rural area. The main clinical symptoms were joint pains and sensation of leg coldness. Only Cerqueirellum argentiscutum (Simuliidae transmits M. ozzardi in this municipality (PIR = 5.6% urban and 7.1% rural. M. ozzardi is a widely distributed parasitic disease in Coari. Thus, temporary residency in the region of people from other localities involved with the local gas exploitation might be a contributing factor in spreading the disease.

Comparación entre los niños de etnia gitana e inmigrantes extranjeros ingresados en centros de protección por maltrato Comparison of Spanish gypsy and foreign immigrant maltreated children admitted to protection centers

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Gonzalo Oliván-Gonzalvo

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Analizar las diferencias entre niños españoles de etnia gitana e inmigrantes extranjeros ingresados en centros de protección, respecto a las características del maltrato, los factores familiares y el estado de salud. Métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes sociosanitarios de 83 niños gitanos españoles y 105 niños inmigrantes que ingresaron desde enero de 1994 hasta diciembre de 2003 por maltratos en centros de protección del Instituto Aragonés de Servicios Sociales (IASS. El maltrato, sus tipos e indicadores se definieron y evaluaron según guías elaboradas por el IASS. Los factores familiares de riesgo sociosanitario asociados con el maltrato se determinaron según estudios nacionales. El estado de salud se evaluó según los protocolos elaborados por el IASS. Se realizó un estudio estadístico descriptivo y comparativo. Resultados: En los niños gitanos españoles predomina el grupo de edad de 0-5 años, mientras que en los inmigrantes es más frecuente el grupo de 12-17 años. En los niños gitanos españoles es también más frecuente la situación de negligencia física, emocional y/o abandono (p Objectives: To determine whether there are differences between Spanish gypsy and foreign immigrant children admitted to protection centers in the characteristics of the maltreatment, social and familial factors linked to maltreatment, and health status. Methods: The social and health reports of 83 Spanish gypsy and 105 foreign immigrant children admitted to protection centers of the Aragonese Institute for Social Services (Instituto Aragonés de Servicios Sociales [IASS] because of maltreatment from January 1994 to December 2003 were reviewed. Maltreatment, its types, and warning signs were defined and assessed according to the guidelines drawn up by the IASS. The social and familial risk factors associated with maltreatment were determined according to national studies. Health status was assessed following protocols used by

Anemia em crianças indígenas da etnia Karapotó Anemia in indigenous children of Karapotó ethnic backgrounds

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Janaína Ferro Pereira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à anemia em crianças indígenas Karapotó. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal em que foi realizada dosagem de hemoglobina com fotômetro portátil Hemocue, coletadas medidas de peso e estatura e dados socioeconômicos de 99 crianças de 6 a 59 meses da etnia karapotó. Foi analisada a associação entre a prevalência de anemia e variáveis referentes às crianças, às mães e às famílias utilizando teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de anemia nas crianças foi de 57,6%, as prevalências de baixa estatura para idade, baixo peso para estatura e baixo peso para idade entre as crianças foram de 15,6%, 3,0% e 2,0%, respectivamente. A ocorrência de anemia associou-se à menor idade da criança, a um menor tempo de estudo materno, a um maior número de membros da família, à menor posse de itens de consumo e à moradia fora da aldeia (desaldeados. CONSLUSÕES: os resultados evidenciam que a anemia é um grave problema de saúde entre as crianças Karapotó, principalmente naquelas desaldeadas, coexistindo com problemas como sobrepeso e déficit estatural.OBJECTIVES: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in children of Karapotó ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: a cross-sectional study of hemoglobin dosage levels using a portable Hemocue photometer to collect measurements of weight and height along with socioeconomic data for 99 children between 6 and 59 months of age, all of Karapotó ethnicity. The association between the prevalence of anemia and variables related to children, mothers and families were analyzed, using chi-square tests or Fisher Exact Tests. RESULTS: the prevalence of anemia in the children was 57.6%, the prevalences of low height for age range, low weight-to-height ratios and low weight for age range in the children were 15.6%, 3.0% and 2.0% respectively. The occurrence of anemia was associated with younger children

Determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad: el caso del Valle del Cauca en Colombia

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Sebastián Urueña Abadía

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Colombia, al igual que la mayoría de países latinoamericanos, consciente de las repercusiones sociales y económicas negativas del trabajo infantil, se ha comprometido en la lucha por la erradicación de este fenómeno. Prueba de ello es la ratificación por parte del gobierno colombiano en el año 2007, del Convenio 182 de la OIT sobre la Prohibición de las Peores Formas de Trabajo Infantil y la Acción Inmediata para su Eliminación. En el plano regional, como parte del Plan de Desarrollo del Departamento del Valle del Cauca 2008-2011, se está implementando actualmente una estrategia territorial de erradicación del trabajo infantil en sus 42 municipios. Considerando este panorama, este trabajo indaga cuáles son los determinantes del trabajo infantil y la escolaridad en el departamento del Valle a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida del año 2003. Para el análisis se emplea un modelo econométrico Probit Bivariado, que permite el estudio conjunto e interrelacionado de decisiones diferentes, en este caso la asistencia escolar y el trabajo.

Sedation and physiologic response to manual restraint after intranasal administration of midazolam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Mans, Christoph; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Lahner, Lesanna L; Paul-Murphy, Joanne; Sladky, Kurt K

2012-09-01

Administration of intranasal midazolam (2 mg/kg) was evaluated for sedation and effects on cloacal temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate in manually restrained Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Adult parrots (n=9) were administered either midazolam (2 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline solution intranasally before a 15-minute manual restraint in a complete crossover study. Respiratory rate and sedation scores were recorded before and during capture and during and after 15 minutes of manual restraint. Heart rate and cloacal temperature were recorded during manual restraint. After restraint, the parrots received intranasal flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline solution, and the recovery time was recorded. In those birds that received midazolam, sedation was observed within 3 minutes of administration, and vocalization, flight, and defense responses were significantly reduced during capture. During manual restraint, the mean rate of cloacal temperature increase was significantly slower and remained significantly lower in birds that received midazolam compared with controls. Mean respiratory rates were significantly lower for up to 12 minutes in parrots that received midazolam compared with those receiving saline solution. Flumazenil antagonized the effects of midazolam within 10 minutes. No overt clinical adverse effects to intranasal midazolam and flumazenil administration were observed. Further studies on the safety of intranasal midazolam and flumazenil in this species are warranted.

Founded: Genetic Reconstruction of Lineage Diversity and Kinship Informs Ex situ Conservation of Cuban Amazon Parrots (Amazona leucocephala).

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Milián-García, Yoamel; Jensen, Evelyn L; Madsen, Jeanette; Álvarez Alonso, Suleiky; Serrano Rodríguez, Aryamne; Espinosa López, Georgina; Russello, Michael A

2015-01-01

Captive breeding is a widespread conservation strategy, yet such programs rarely include empirical genetic data for assessing management assumptions and meeting conservation goals. Cuban Amazon parrots (Amazona leucocephala) are considered vulnerable, and multiple on-island captive populations have been established from wild-caught and confiscated individuals of unknown ancestry. Here, we used mitochondrial haplotypic and nuclear genotypic data at 9 microsatellite loci to quantify the extent and distribution of genetic variation within and among captive populations in Zapata Swamp and Managua, Cuba, and to estimate kinship among breeders (n = 88). Using Bayesian clustering analysis, we detected 2 distinct clusters within the Zapata population, one of which was shared with Managua. Individuals from the cluster unique to Zapata possessed mitochondrial haplotypes with affinities to Cuban subspecies (A. l. leucocephala, A. l. palmarum); the shared cluster was similar, but also included haplotypes closely related to the subspecies restricted to Cayman Brac (A. l. hesterna). Overall mean kinship was low within each captive population (-0.026 to -0.012), with 19 and 11 recommended breeding pairs in Zapata and Managua, respectively, ranked according to mean kinship and informed by molecular sexing. Our results highlight the importance of understanding population history within ex situ management programs, while providing genetic information to directly inform Cuban parrot conservation. © The American Genetic Association 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Óleo de andiroba: processo tradicional da extração, uso e aspectos sociais no estado do Amazonas, Brasil Crapwood oil: traditional extraction, use and social aspects in the state of Amazonas, Brasil

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Andreza P. Mendonça

2007-01-01

Full Text Available O processo tradicional de extração do óleo das sementes de andiroba foi levantado em três municípios (Anamã, Manacapuru e Silves no Estado do Amazonas. Em 1992 e 2004, foi aplicado um questionário a 38 extratoras. Sementes das duas espécies de andiroba (Carapa procera D.C. e Carapa guianensis Aubl. foram utilizadas como matéria prima. O processo tradicional é complexo, demora cerca de dois meses e pode ser dividido em três etapas: 1. A coleta, seleção de sementes boas e um primeiro armazenamento (3-15 dias. 2. O preparo da massa pelo cozimento das sementes em água (1-3 horas, um segundo período de armazenamento (até 20 dias e finalizada pela retirada da casca e o amassamento das amêndoas. 3. A extração do óleo (até 30 dias, pelo gotejamento colocando a massa sobre uma superfície inclinada. Óleo extraído na sombra foi considerado de melhor qualidade do que no sol, porém o processo é mais demorado. Uma segunda extração com a prensa ("tipiti", usada na fabricação de farinha, foi raramente empregada. Verificaram-se pequenas variações entre os procedimentos das extratoras, aparentemente com conseqüências na rentabilidade e na qualidade do óleo. Na primeira e segunda etapa da extração participaram membros da família e/ou vizinhos, ao contrário da etapa final, realizada por uma única mulher. Enquanto, transmissão do conhecimento tradicional, em geral, costuma passar de geração por geração pela oralidade e observação, este estudo revelou, que os jovens não participam mais da extração. Fato, que no futuro próximo, pode causar a perda de conhecimento em relação à extração do óleo de andiroba pelo método tradicional.The traditional method of oil extraction from crabwood seeds was observed in three municipalities (Anamã, Manacapuru e Silves in the state of Amazonas. In 1992 and 2004 a total of 38 producers were interviewed. Seeds of two species (Carapa procera D.C. and Carapa guianensis Aubl. were

La superación del modelo del ángel del hogar:

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Hurtado Muñoz, Mónica

2013-01-01

La Tesis Doctoral titulada "La superación del modelo del "ángel del hogar". Recuperación de la escritora Leonor Canalejas y Fustegueras (1869-1945)" aborda, en primer lugar, un análisis sociológico de las circunstancias que rodearon a la mujer española en el cambio de siglo en el ámbito social y educativo, en un intento de esclarecer las características propias del contexto en el que la mujer accede a la intelectualidad en general y a la literatura en particular. Esta parte concluye que la cr...

Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on isoflurane-induced hypotension in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

Science.gov (United States)

Schnellbacher, Rodney W; da Cunha, Anderson F; Beaufrère, Hugues; Queiroz, Patricia; Nevarez, Javier G; Tully, Thomas N

2012-07-01

To assess the effects of dopamine and dobutamine on the blood pressure of isoflurane-anesthetized Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 8 Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. A randomized crossover study was conducted. Each bird was anesthetized (anesthesia maintained by administration of 2.5% isoflurane in oxygen) and received 3 doses of each drug during a treatment period of 20 min/dose. Treatments were constant rate infusions (CRIs) of dobutamine (5, 10, and 15 μg/kg/min) and dopamine (5, 7, and 10 μg/kg/min). Direct systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure measurements, heart rate, esophageal temperature, and end-tidal partial pressure of CO(2) were recorded throughout the treatment periods. Mean ± SD of the systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures at time 0 (initiation of a CRI) were 132.9 ± 22.1 mm Hg, 116.9 ± 20.5 mm Hg, and 101.9 ± 22.0 mm Hg, respectively. Dopamine resulted in significantly higher values than did dobutamine for the measured variables, except for end-tidal partial pressure of CO(2). Post hoc multiple comparisons revealed that the changes in arterial blood pressure were significantly different 4 to 7 minutes after initiation of a CRI. Overall, dopamine at rates of 7 and 10 μg/kg/min and dobutamine at a rate of 15 μg/kg/min caused the greatest increases in arterial blood pressure. Dobutamine CRI at 5, 10, and 15 μg/kg/min and dopamine CRI at 5, 7, and 10 μg/kg/min may be useful in correcting severe hypotension in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots caused by anesthesia maintained with 2.5% isoflurane.

El doctor Moreno Pérez y el anopheles crucians

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Facultad de Medicina Revista

1943-03-01

Full Text Available En el año de 1933, con ocasión del conflicto del Amazonas, el doctor Ignacio Moreno·Pérez trabajó como médico de sanidad en la hoya del río Caquetá. Prosiguiendo sus estudios sobre paludismo y mosquitos transmisores a que dedicó gran parte de su meritoria vida, practicó una inspección entomológica de las cercanías de Florencia, capital de la comisaria del Caquetá, y encontró una raza en aguas salobres de Anopheles crucians. El hallazgo comunicado por él en el informe de 1934 de la comisión de paludismo del valle del Magdalena, (Estudios de Paludismo en el Valle del Magdalena, Departamento Nacional de Higiene, Sección de Sanidad Rural, Bogotá editorial de "Cromos", 1934, despertó mucho interés y fué objeto de controversias, porque conforme a los estudios de Howard, Dyar y Knab (1917, la localización del Anopheles crucians era casi hiperbórea, por encima del paralelo 25 en la América del Norte y solamente se había logrado ver además en Cuba y Jamaica.

Acuerdos de pesca en los lagos de Tarapoto: Alternativa de gestión para los bienes comunes en la Amazonia colombiana

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Catalina Trujillo Osorio

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Se presentan las experiencias de gestión de recursos pesqueros en resguardos indígenas del Amazonas colombiano y los resultados y limitaciones del proceso adelantado para la construcción de acuerdos comunitarios de pesca. Se usó la metodología de investigación-acción-participación respondiendo al objetivo de crear estrategias para contrarrestar los problemas de agotamiento del recurso pesquero de los lagos de Tarapoto en el resguardo Ticoya y consolidar estrategias propias para fortalecer la capacidad de gobernanza interna del recurso pesquero dentro del territorio indígena. Se encontró que los acuerdos de pesca actúan como instituciones que regulan y optimizan el uso de bienes comunes de libre acceso, y consolidan la capacidad de gobernanza en territorios indígenas. Se concluye que la consolidación de un sistema propio de gestión debe ir más allá del control del recurso, evidenciando los esfuerzos locales por adoptar sistemas de manejo alternativo que se integren al modo de vida indígena y a los modelos de producción tradicional.

Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Healthy Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) After Oral Administration of a Single Dose.

Science.gov (United States)

Schnellbacher, Rodney; Beaufrère, Hugues; Vet, Dr Med; Arnold, Robert D; Tully, Thomas N; Mayer, Joerg; Divers, Stephen J

2014-09-01

Long-term anticonvulsive treatments have been poorly described in birds, and few pharmacokinetic studies have been performed, with mixed results. Levetiracetam, a new anticonvulsive drug, has shown good efficacy for monotherapy or adjunctive treatment of seizures in both human and veterinary medicine. To determine pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ), 20 healthy birds were randomly divided into 2 groups and administered either a 50 mg/kg (n = 10) or a 100 mg/kg (n = 10) oral dose of levetiracetam with no observable adverse effects. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 12 time intervals (6 per group) for 16 hours. The concentration-time profiles resembled characteristic absorption, with maximum plasma concentrations of 61.0 μg/mL and 95.1 μg/mL at 60 minutes; terminal half-lives at 2.38 and 2.37 hours; volumes of distribution of 0.807 and 0.773 L/kg, with an area under the curve at 14 100 and 28 820 mg × min/L; and clearance rates of 3.65 and 3.60 mL/min per kg, respectively. Plasma concentrations were greater than 5.5 mg/L for up to 9.4 and 12 hours, suggesting an 8- and 12-hour oral dosing at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, would be sufficient to maintain targeted values. Clinically, doses and frequencies may need escalation based on differences in species and individuals, and drug levels should be monitored.

Evaluation of the residual effect of temephos on Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae larvae in artificial containers in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Pinheiro Valéria Cristina Soares

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Trial tests and container observations were conducted in households to verify the residual effect of temephos in Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Three plastic buckets, three tin cans, and three tires filled with water from an artesian well and larvicide were used in the experiment, with twenty-five third-instar larvae, which remained exposed for 24h, followed by mortality readings. The same types of containers were selected from common households. Collection and counts followed by chemical treatment were carried out on the larvae that were found. Follow-up was performed weekly to verify recolonization by Aedes aegypti.The experiment showed 100% mortality in the plastic buckets until day 90, and 80% in the tin cans until day 30, decreasing from day 45 onwards. Mortality in the tires decreased to 35% in the first month. Household results showed 100% mortality for all containers after 24h and differentiated values in the subsequent readings. Larvae were observed on day 35 in a tin can and on day 21 in a gallon can. There was a large diversity of results in the tires, with recolonization observed from day 7 onwards.

Duet function in the yellow-naped amazon, Amazona auropalliata: evidence from playbacks of duets and solos.

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Dahlin, Christine R; Wright, Timothy F

2012-01-01

The question of why animals participate in duets is an intriguing one, as many such displays appear to be more costly to produce than individual signals. Mated pairs of yellow-naped amazons, Amazona auropalliata, give duets on their nesting territories. We investigated the function of those duets with a playback experiment. We tested two hypotheses for the function of those duets: the joint territory defense hypothesis and the mate-guarding hypothesis, by presenting territorial pairs with three types of playback treatments: duets, male solos, and female solos. The joint territory defense hypothesis suggests that individuals engage in duets because they appear more threatening than solos and are thus more effective for the establishment, maintenance and/or defense of territories. It predicts that pairs will be coordinated in their response (pair members approach speakers and vocalize together) and will either respond more strongly (more calls and/or more movement) to duet treatments than to solo treatments, or respond equally to all treatments. Alternatively, the mate-guarding hypothesis suggests that individuals participate in duets because they allow them to acoustically guard their mate, and predicts uncoordinated responses by pairs, with weak responses to duet treatments and stronger responses by individuals to solos produced by the same sex. Yellow-naped amazon pairs responded to all treatments in an equivalently aggressive and coordinated manner by rapidly approaching speakers and vocalizing more. These responses generally support the joint territory defense hypothesis and further suggest that all intruders are viewed as a threat by resident pairs.

Cerambycidae (Coleoptera da Colômbia. VI. Lamiinae com unhas tarsais divaricadas ou bífidas

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Galileo Maria Helena M.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available New taxa described from Colombia: Desmiphora (D. tristis sp. nov. from Cundinamarca; Blabia longipennis sp. nov. from Nariño; Anhanga gen. nov., type species A. diabolica sp. nov. from Valle del Cauca; Exalphus vicinus sp. nov. from Santander; Necalphus maranduba sp. nov. from Amazonas; Paradesmus gen. nov., type species, P. iuba sp. nov. from Atlántico. New combination proposed: Padesmus brunneus (Aurivillius, 1923 from Adesmus. New records for nineteen species (Acanthoderini, Acanthocinini, Aerenicini, Desmiphorini, Hemilophini, Polyrhaphidini of Colombian fauna are given.

Growth of initial Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) in different environnement of fertility

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Valencia, Wilmer Herrera; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso Barbosa; Souza, Luiz Augusto Gomes de

2010-01-01

Los estudios de requerimientos nutricionales son de gran importancia para identificar aquellos más importantes en el desarrollo fisiológico y crecimiento de plántulas. Con el objetivo de evaluar las exigencias nutricionales y los efectos de la omisión de macronutrientes en el crecimiento de plántulas de Aniba rosaeodora; se realizó un experimento en el vivero del INPA-Amazonas-Brasil teniendo como substrato un suelo Podozolico Rojo de baja disponibilidad de nutrientes. Se utilizaron 8 tratami...

Physicians, diseases, and territory occupation at the Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas de Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (1907-1915

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Arthur Torres Caser

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The article analyzes the reports generated by physicians participating in the Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas de Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (CLTEMTA, or Rondon Commission, that labored in these states between 1907 and 1915. The commission had as its objective the construction of telegraph lines to the borders of Brazil with Bolivia and Peru. The construction activity was also accompanied by scientific studies for the 'productive occupation' of the region and by the writing of medical assessments of the region. These assessments of the so called 'northwest hinterlands' (sertões highlighted the region's unhealthy climate and the debilitating impact of malaria. The purpose is to analyze the impact of this disease in the works of the CLTEMTA. Our hypothesis is that one of its main effects was the elaboration of medical studies more and more detailed about the possible causes of diseases in that region.

Palpation- and ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blockade in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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da Cunha, Anderson F; Strain, George M; Rademacher, Nathalie; Schnellbacher, Rodney; Tully, Thomas N

2013-01-01

To compare palpation-guided with ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blockade in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Prospective randomized experimental trial. Eighteen adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) weighing 252-295 g. After induction of anesthesia with isoflurane, parrots received an injection of lidocaine (2 mg kg(-1)) in a total volume of 0.3 mL at the axillary region. The birds were randomly assigned to equal groups using either palpation or ultrasound as a guide for the brachial plexus block. Nerve evoked muscle potentials (NEMP) were used to monitor effectiveness of brachial plexus block. The palpation-guided group received the local anesthetic at the space between the pectoral muscle, triceps, and supracoracoideus aticimus muscle, at the insertion of the tendons of the caudal coracobrachial muscle, and the caudal scapulohumeral muscle. For the ultrasound-guided group, the brachial plexus and the adjacent vessels were located with B-mode ultrasonography using a 7-15 MHz linear probe. After location, an 8-5 MHz convex transducer was used to guide injections. General anesthesia was discontinued 20 minutes after lidocaine injection and the birds recovered in a padded cage. Both techniques decreased the amplitude of NEMP. Statistically significant differences in NEMP amplitudes, were observed within the ultrasound-guided group at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after injection and within the palpation-guided group at 10, 15, and 20 minutes after injection. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. No effect on motor function, muscle relaxation or wing droop was observed after brachial plexus block. The onset of the brachial plexus block tended to be faster when ultrasonography was used. Brachial plexus injection can be performed in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and nerve evoked muscle potentials were useful to monitor the effects on nerve conduction in this avian species. Neither technique produced an effective block at the

Concentraciones plasmáticas de 25-OH vitamina D y parathormona en sangre de cordón umbilical

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Sandra Ortigosa Gómez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Los niveles de vitamina D (25(OHD del recién nacido dependen de los depósitos maternos, presentando mayor riesgo de hipocalcemia, raquitismo e infecciones durante el primer año de vida si existe déficit. Recientemente se han publicado estudios que muestran una alta prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres gestantes. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los niveles de 25(OHD en sangre de cordón umbilical y determinar si existe una relación con factores nutricionales, socioeconómicos y clínicos de las mujeres gestantes. Métodos: Entre marzo y mayo de 2013 se seleccionó a 99 gestantes del Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, en las que se determinaron las concentraciones de 25(OHD y parathormona en sangre de cordón umbilical. Se recogieron datos de la historia clínica y se realizó una encuesta sobre ingesta de vitamina D y calcio así como de exposición solar. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el programa SPSS. Las comparaciones se realizaron mediante test de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney, aplicando corrección por comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni. Se consideró estadísticamente significativa una p<0,05 y de 0,0083 para comparaciones múltiples. Resultados. El valor medio de 25(OHD en sangre de cordón fue 10,4±6,1 ng/ml. El 94% de las mujeres presentaron niveles de 25(OHD en sangre de cordón <20 ng/ml. La ingesta de vitamina D y calcio fueron adecuadas en 92%, aunque la exposición solar resultó deficitaria en 47%. Se encontró una correlación entre niveles de 25(OHD e ingesta de vitamina D (p<0,033 y calcio (p<0,005, exposición solar (p<0,001, etnia (p<0,001, fototipo cutáneo (p<0,001 y uso de indumentaria tradicional (p<0,001. Conclusiones. Existe una elevada prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D en sangre de cordón umbilical tras los meses de invierno. Los niveles de 25(OHD más bajos se observaron en etnia indopakistaní, fototipo oscuro y baja exposición solar.

Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic

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Collazo, J.A.; White, T.H.; Vilella, F.J.; Guerrero, S.A.

2003-01-01

We report first-year survival rates of 49 captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis) released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic. Our goal was to learn about factors affecting postrelease survival. Specifically, we tested if survival was related to movements and whether modifying prerelease protocols influenced survival rates. We also estimated survival in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges (22 September 1998). Twenty-four parrots, fitted with radio-transmitters, were released between 14 September and 12 December 1997. Twenty-five more were released between 29 June and 16 September 1998. First-year survival rates were 30% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Survival probability was related to bird mobility. In contrast to birds released in 1997, none of the 25 parrots released in 1998 suffered early postrelease mortality (i.e., 3-5 days after release). Two adjustments to prerelease protocols (increased exercise and reduced blood sampling) made in 1998 may have contributed to differences in mobility and survival between years. The reduction of early postrelease mortality in 1998 was encouraging, as was the prospect for higher first-year survival (e.g., 30% to 65%). Only one death was attributed to the immediate impact of the hurricane. Loss of foraging resources was likely a major contributor to ensuing mortality. Birds increased their mobility, presumably in search of food. Survival rates dropped 23% in only eight weeks posthurricane. This study underscores the value of standardized prerelease protocols, and of estimating survival and testing for factors that might influence it. Inferences from such tests will provide the best basis to make adjustments to a release program.

Justicia sobre la hierba. Tribunales Gacaca, lecciones de reconciliación para Colombia

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Karen Giselt Domínguez Mendoza

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En 1994 Ruanda vivió un terrible genocidio entre las etnias Hutu y Tutsi al que la victoria militar del Frente Patriótico Ruandés le puso fin. El gobierno del FPR implementó los Tribunales Gacaca como un mecanismo de justicia y verdad, que tuvo como objetivo principal impedir la impunidad de los responsables de los delitos cometidos durante el genocidio para promover la reconciliación entre los ruandeses. El presente artículo analiza los alcances de los Tribunales Gacaca que contribuyeron al proceso de reconciliación de la población ruandesa y los aprendizajes que de ello se deriva para Colombia en la implementación de los Acuerdos de Paz con las FARC-EP. El análisis se centra en la justicia y en la reconciliación como elementos principales de los Tribunales Gacaca, realizando un paralelo de sus postulados y experiencias en la práctica, basado en la legitimidad del mecanismo y el cumplimiento de los estándares internacionales en derechos humanos, con el acuerdo de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz en Colombia.

La superación del profesorado en educación intercultural: una propuesta para la universidad cubana actual / Teacher’s upgrading on intercultural education. A proposal of the cuban contemporary university

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Cabrera Ruiz, Isaac Iran

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La internacionalización de la cultura como rasgo de la época actual enfrenta a los sistemas educativos ante el antagonismo dialéctico de la tendencia a la universalización de la cultura, de los valores y de la producción, frente al particularismo y a la reivindicación de las especificidades de grupo, etnia o nación. Diferentes modelos y proyectos, representativos de las sociedades particulares a las que se dirigen, y fundamentadas desde diversas posturas filosóficas, han intentado dar respuesta a la atención a la diversidad cultural desde la educación. En ellos es reconocida la preparación del profesorado para asumir la demanda intercultural.El artículo presenta un diplomado para la superación en educación intercultural del colectivo pedagógico del año académico, dirigido a la formación del profesorado, utilizando como vía la superación profesional en la forma organizativa básica en la educación superior cubana, para derivar las estrategias de la carrera universitaria y desarrollar la dirección educativa. La propuesta se caracteriza por su flexibilidad, vínculo con las tecnologías de la información, contextualización, y que es concebida desde la semipresencialidad como modalidad. Propuesta que es el resultado de una investigación realizada en la Universidad Médica de Villa Clara entre los años 2006 y el 2007.Abstract: Culture internationalization as a distinctive trait of the contemporary epoch faces the educational systems to the dialectical antagonism of the trend to universalize culture of values and production versus individuality and the specificities of ethnic groups or nations. Different representative models and projects from distinct societies to which they are directed derived from different philosophical assumptions, have tried to give an answer to cultural diversity from the educational institutions due to the recognized formation of its staff members to cope with intercultural demands. In this

Culturas del Mundo

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Benwell, Ann Fenger; Costa, Alberto; Waehle, Espen

2006-01-01

’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39......’Culturas del mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca’ with Ann Fenger Benwell in Culturas del Mundo. Colecciones del Museo Nacional de Dinamarca, ed. Silvia Sauquet, Fundación "la Caixa", Barcelona 2006, pp. 31-39...

ANÁLISIS DEL MERCADO LABORAL Y EL DESARROLLO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y COMUNICACIÓN

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Oscar Molina Tejerina

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La nueva era de la Sociedad de la Información y el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación repercuten en los ámbitos económico, político, social y cultural. Surgen nuevos empleos y perfiles profesionales que requieren el uso de estas tecnologías y, tal como se demuestra en este trabajo, el dominio de estas tecnologías repercute en el nivel salarial, provocando importantes incrementos. Sin embargo, las brechas por género, etnia, zona y grupos de edad siguen mostrando diferencias hacia los grupos más desfavorecidos de la población.

Determinación del requerimiento hídrico del pimentón en el municipio de Candelaria, departamento del Valle del Cauca

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Estrada Salazar Edgar Iván

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo con el fin de determinar el requerimiento hídrico del pimentón Capsicum annuum variedad Unapal-Serrano, en la zona de Candelaria-Valle del Cauca (Colombia. Se determinó que el pimentón requiere 425mm de agua durante su ciclo vegetativo, obteniendo una eficiencia del uso del agua de 5.32 kg/m3 de fruto fresco y de 0.5 kg/m3 en términos de materia seca. Además, se comprobó la eficiencia del microevaporímetro "MIEVHR" como herramienta para programación del riego y estudios hidrológicos.

A organização do desembarque e o comércio de pescado na década de 1990 em Manaus, Amazonas Landing and fish commercialization in the decade of 1990 in the Manaus fishing harbor, Amazonas, Brazil

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Valdenei de Melo Parente

2005-09-01

Full Text Available A maior parte da produção pesqueira do Estado do Amazonas é desembarcada em Manaus, entretanto, as características de organização do apoio à produção e da comercialização neste centro, pouco têm sido avaliadas ou consideradas nas discussões para o desenvolvimento do setor. O presente trabalho visa apresentar estas características de forma a estabelecer um referencial histórico sobre a organização do desembarque pesqueiro em Manaus e para subsidiar o planejamento do setor. Entrevistas foram efetuadas com diversos atores deste setor, de forma a cobrir o mosaico de alternativas que existem para o abastecimento de pescado. Há quatro tipos de agentes de comercialização atacadista de pescado para Manaus: o barco de pesca, o despachante, o atravessador e os frigoríficos. O despachante aparece como ator central no processo produtivo pesqueiro no período, seja por financiar as viagens e operações de comercialização, ou por executar a ligação entre os produtores-pescadores e os comerciantes de pescado. Exceção a esta regra ocorre com o "pescador ribeirinho autônomo", o qual pesca com seus próprios meios e comercializa sua produção com compradores sem intermediação. No comércio varejista, os feirantes são os mais importantes, sendo a Feira da Panair responsável por cerca de 20% do abastecimento do pescado in natura em Manaus. Os supermercados e os pequenos comerciantes são os demais agentes varejistas, cuja participação na comercialização da produção era ainda pequena, porém financeiramente é maior visto que disponibilizam produtos com valor agregado e portanto preços maiores a mercados de classe média que o dos feirantes.Manaus is the main commercial center for fish prodution in the state of Amazonas. However, its characteristics of commercialization have not been evaluated in order to assist the development of the fishery sector. The present paper presents these characteristics to establish a historical

Las fluctuaciones del nivel del mar durante el Cuaternario

OpenAIRE

Pousa, Jorge Lorenzo; Isla, Federico Ignacio; Schnack, Enrique Jorge

2002-01-01

Los cambios del nivel del mar han ejercido una fuerte influencia en la evolución del planeta y en la historia de la humanidad. En una escala de tiempo geológico, las variaciones de los niveles oceánicos han dejado un registro ampliamente distribuido en la forma de depósitos sedimentarios. El descenso del nivel del mar durante la Ultima Glaciación, que alcanzó unos 120 metros hace 18.000 años, permitió la emergencia del estrecho de Bering y la migración humana desde Eurasia hacia América. Se e...

Anatomía micrográfica del folíolo de la palma neotropical Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae

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Francisco Paulo Chaimsohn

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Se estudiaron hojas de plantas jóvenes cultivadas para producción de palmito de la variedad Diamantes 10 de ascendencia del Alto Amazonas. Se estudió la anatomía micrográfica foliar y la frecuencia de estomas en la superficie adaxial y abaxial de los foliolos de Bactris gasipaes provenientes de una plantación experimental en un régimen de fertilización química y una densidad de población de 5000 plantas por hectárea, en Guápiles, Costa Rica. Se confirmó la presencia de rafidios y células buliformes en la superficie abaxial de las láminas foliares y del tejido hipodermico en ambos lados. Confirmamos la ausencia de la anatomía Krantz en esta especie, reafirmando la fotosíntesis C3 como mecanismo metabólico en la familia Palmaceae. La densidad promedio de estomas en la superficie abaxial fue de 96,87±16,31 estomas.mm-2 y en la superficie adaxial fue de 14,20±4,05 estomas.mm-2.Leaf micrografic anatomy of the Neotropical palm Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae. The economic importance of the palm Bactris gasipaes is growing in the Neotropoical region. We collected leaflets from plants under a chemical fertilization regime and a population of 5000 plants per hectare, in Costa Rica. The variety, Diamantes 10, has an ascendency fom the upper Amazon basin. We used Harries hematoxiline, eocine and standard light microscopy techniques. The presence of raphids and buliform cells was confirmed for the abaxial surface of the leaflets and for the hypodermic tissue on both sides. The absence of the Krantz anatomy was confirmed in consistence with former observations about the C3 photosynthesis in other species of Palmaceae. The average stomatal density on the abaxial surface was 96.87±16.31 stomata.mm-2 and 14.20±4.05 in the adaxial surface. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2: 951-959. Epub 2008 June 30.

Performance on the Hamilton search task, and the influence of lateralization, in captive orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

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Cussen, Victoria A; Mench, Joy A

2014-07-01

Psittacines are generally considered to possess cognitive abilities comparable to those of primates. Most psittacine research has evaluated performance on standardized complex cognition tasks, but studies of basic cognitive processes are limited. We tested orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica) on a spatial foraging assessment, the Hamilton search task. This task is a standardized test used in human and non-human primate studies. It has multiple phases, which require trial and error learning, learning set breaking, and spatial memory. We investigated search strategies used to complete the task, cognitive flexibility, and long-term memory for the task. We also assessed the effects of individual strength of motor lateralization (foot preference) and sex on task performance. Almost all (92%) of the parrots acquired the task. All had significant foot preferences, with 69% preferring their left foot, and showed side preferences contralateral to their preferred limb during location selection. The parrots were able to alter their search strategies when reward contingencies changed, demonstrating cognitive flexibility. They were also able to remember the task over a 6-month period. Lateralization had a significant influence on learning set acquisition but no effect on cognitive flexibility. There were no sex differences. To our knowledge, this is the first cognitive study using this particular species and one of the few studies of cognitive abilities in any Neotropical parrot species.

Parasitism of two zoonotic reservoirs Dasyprocta leporina and D. fuliginosa (Rodentia from Amazonas, with Trichostrongylina nematodes (Heligmonellidae: description of a new genus and a new species

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Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves

2007-09-01

Full Text Available A new genus and a new species of Heligmonellidae nematodes are described parasiting the stomach of three agoutis (two Dasyprocta fuliginosa and one D. leporina captured in the middle and high Negro river microregion, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The new genus, as well as its type-species, are closely related to the trichostrongylids included in Fuellebornema, particularly on what concerns the pattern of the caudal bursa, but differing from them by the characteristics of the synlophe, that presents a poorly developed carene, when compared to the referred number of body ridges in Freitastrongylus n. gen. and consequently in F. angelae n. sp.,in which the ridges are well developed and the carene at mid-body has a similar size when compared to the ridge situated in front of the right field (ridge no. 5. Caudal bursa is of the type 1-4, with rays 9 shorter than rays 10, with a very long genital cone.

IDEOLOGÍAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y CHAMANISMO ENTRE LOS INDÍGENAS YUKUNA-MATAPÍ

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Camilo Alberto Robayo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La concepción del lenguaje de los hablantes de la lengua kamejeya, los yukuna-matapí del Amazonas colombiano, se estudia con base en información etnográfica y lingüística. Se presenta el enfoque de los planteamientos sobre el lenguaje del coinvestigador indígena Uldarico Matapí y luego se discute el concepto de ideología lingüística, desde la perspectiva de M. Rosaldo (1982 y A. Duranti (1993, para reflexionar sobre los supuestos que subyacen a cualquier concepción del lenguaje, incluida la de los antropólogos lingüistas. Una vez examinadas las particularidades de ciertas representaciones sobre las formas de comunicación en la región amazónica, se retoma la idea de animismo de Ph. Descola (1996 para entender la importancia de la perspectiva chamanística del mundo de los hablantes kamejeya. Se sostiene que el sentido de la vista proporciona unas metáforas para el saber y el poder del chamán, donde el lenguaje proporciona el armazón.

Reação de híbridos de pepino a Corynespora cassiicola no Amazonas.

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Elisângela de Jesus da Silva Bezerra

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A mancha-alvo, causada pelo fungo Corynespora cassiicola, é a principal doença da parte área do tomateiro na região Norte do Brasil. No Estado do Amazonas o patógeno em plantas de pepino, causa severos danos à produção tanto em cultivo protegido quanto em campo aberto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de dez genótipos de pepino a C. cassiicola. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dez tratamentos e dez repetições. Foram avaliados a cultivar Aodai e os híbridos tipo japonês General Lee F1, Hokushim, Japonês Híbrido F1 (Soudai, Jóia, Marketmore 76 (verde comprido, Natsubayashi, Natsu Suzumi, Sprint 440 II e Tsuyataro. Os isolados do patógeno foram obtidos a partir de folhas de plantas de pepino naturalmente infectadas, e multiplicado em meio de cultura BDA. As plantas foram inoculadas nas duas primeiras folhas definitivas com suspensão de inóculo na concentração 104 conídios mL-1 e mantidas em câmara úmida por 48 horas. A severidade foi avaliada e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD para cada tratamento. Houve variação na reação dos genótipos ao patógeno e a cultivar Aodai apresentou menor AACPD considerada como resistente. Os híbridos Hokuchim, Soudai, Verde Comprido e Natsubayashi apresentaram menores valores de AACPD entre os híbridos avaliados em contraposição ao Tsuyataro o mais suscetível.

New sedimentological and palynological data from surface Miocene strata in the central Amazonas Basin area

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Emílio Alberto Amaral Soares

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The scarcity of stratigraphic data has hindered the demarcation of the outcropping area of Miocene deposits of the Amazon Basin, represented informally by the Novo Remanso Formation. Moreover, this unit is characterized by a sparse and irregular geographic distribution due to its sedimentological features and rare fossil content. Miocene deposits cropping out in central Amazonas Basin area were described in sedimentological terms and analyzed palynologically. All analyses were undertaken in samples collected at the Uatumã River banks (Itapiranga and São Sebastião do Uatumã cities. Lithostratigraphic data shows that Novo Remanso Formation consists of sandstones, with subordinate conglomerates and pelites, characteristic of a meandering fluvial paleosystem, with fluvial channel, point bar, floodplain and crevasse splay facies. The palynoflora retrieved from five samples consists exclusively of continental-origin palynomorphs dominated by angiosperms species. Trilete spores are well represented, while gymnosperms pollen grains are minor components. The presence of Psilastephanoporites tesseroporus, Syncolporites poricostatus, Jandufouria seamrogiformis and Polypodiaceoisporites potoniei ensure these deposits fits into the Grimsdalea magnaclavata palynozone (Regali et al. 1974a, b, and the Grimsdalea magnaclavata/Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni palynozones of Jaramillo et al. (2011 considered Middle Miocene age. This age is confirmed by the zonation of Jaramillo et al. (2011, based on the LADs of Bombacacidites baumfalki (11.57Ma and Crototricolpites annemariae (12.91Ma; and the FAD of Psilastephanoporites tesseroporus (14.00Ma. With these new data presented herein, it is possible to assume that the Miocene strata represented by the Novo Remanso Formation covers a larger area in the basin than previously considered, and that it may be extended for about 300 km until the Manacapuru village, indicating a Miocene subsidence phase.

Relaciones sexuales en estudiantes de secundaria de las zonas rurales del Distrito de Santa Marta, Colombia

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Guillermo Augusto Ceballos Ospino

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes: Los estudios sobre relaciones sexuales en adolescentes vienen siendo estudiados desde las últimas décadas debido a la proliferación de embarazos no planeados y a las infecciones de transmisión sexual, en especial el VIH-SIDA, el cual se presenta cada día en mayor proporción en los adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores relacionados (ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas, consumo de sustancias ilegales y de cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida, grado de escolaridad, edad y pertenecer a una etnia con haber tenido relaciones sexuales en estudiantes de bachillerato de colegios públicos de zonas rurales. Método: Se aplicó una encuesta anónima sobre comportamiento sexual a estudiantes de secundaria de colegios públicos de las zonas rurales del Distrito de Santa Marta, con una edad promedio de 15.1 años (DE 1.9, seleccionados por el sistema de muestreo probabilística por conglomerados. No obstante el limitado tamaño de la muestra se realizó un modelo multivariado para haber tenido relaciones sexuales alguna vez en la vida. Resultados: Un total de 102 estudiantes del área rural, todos de colegios públicos, diligenciaron la encuesta, de las cuales seis (6 fueron eliminadas por presentar inconsistencias, por lo cual se trabajó con 96 sujetos. De este grupo 22 estudiantes eran amerindios (22.9%. La edad del grupo osciló entre 11 y 20 años, con un promedio de 15.1 años (DE = 1.9, 59 (61.5% de los sujetos eran varones. 33 estudiantes (34.4% respondieron afirmativamente para haber tenido relaciones sexuales. Se observó que ser de sexo masculino (OR = 2.67, IC95% 1.04-6.81, tener más años cumplidos (16.4 años promedio, DE = 1.5 frente a 14.4, DE = 1.7; F = 1.720, p = 0.193; t = 5.58, gl = 94, cursar un grado superior (9.8 años promedio, DE = 1.1 frente a 8.8, DE = 1.5; F = 7.907, p = 0.006; t = 3.79, gl = 82.6, ser amerindio (OR = 3.90, IC95% 1.45-10.53 y haber fumado alguna vez en la vida (OR = 2.65, IC

Historia de dos islas: los mitos coloniales de la Isla Brasil y la Isla Guayana

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Ibáñez Bonillo, Pablo

2015-01-01

En el mundo colonial americano existieron dos mitos relacionados con la insularidad de los territorios situados al norte y al sur del río Amazonas. Ambos mitos parecen encontrar su origen en el diálogo entre las expectativas medievales de los conquistadores y la compleja realidad de las sociedades amerindias al momento de la conquista. Por lo tanto, pueden leerse como documentos etnohistóricos y ser empleados en la elaboración de nuevas narrativas históricas. En este artículo proponemos que l...

Fuerzas Militares de Colombia Ejército Nacional VI División El Conflicto Armado en las Regiones

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Ceballos Bedoya, Edinson; Murillo, Andrés Alfonso; Gutiérrez Osorio, Virna; Muñoz Henao, Ana María; Ferreira Morett, Alicia Stefania; Melo Rodríguez, Fabio Álvaro

2017-01-01

El propósito central de este documento de investigación es describir la manera como que se desarrolló el conflicto armado en la región que comprende los departamentos de Caquetá, Putumayo y Amazonas, desde la perspectiva del contexto operacional que debió enfrentar el Ejército Nacional en el periodo 1958-2012. Dicho territorio es la jurisdicción de la actual VI División con sede en Florencia y fue uno de los escenarios en donde el conflicto armado se desarrolló con mayor intensidad, especialm...

The awakening of Kumpanam: History and myth at an environmental conflict in the Amazonia

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Simone Garra

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In the last years the Awajún people, settled in the Río Cenepa watershed (Department of Amazonas, Peru are struggling to defend their land from the impact of the mining activities in the Cordillera del Condor mountains. The myth of Kumpanan, an ancestor associated to the homonymous pick, located in the mining area, has been revitalized, with a new meaning, mirroring the current social and environmental contingency of the area. This contributes to rethink the linkages existing between «history» and «myth».

EFECTO DEL SILICIO Y PLAGUICIDAS EN LA FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL ARROZ

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Parm\\u00E9nides Furcal-Beriguete

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de enfermedades y plagas insectiles, el rendimiento y la calidad de granos del cultivo de arroz. El estudio se realizó en La Vega, Florencia, San Carlos, Costa Rica entre mayo y octubre en los años 2010 y 2011, en el mismo lote con la variedad CR 4477. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos: silicio al suelo, silicio al suelo más plaguicidas (alternativas químicas, silicio foliar, silicio foliar más plaguicidas y testigo comercial. Como fuente se utilizaron si- licio en polvo al 70% de SiO2, aplicado quince días antes de siembra en dosis de 100 kg SiO2/ha, y líquido concentrado 40% SiO2 y 36% MgO, aplicado al follaje en dosis de 4 l/ha a los 17 y 30 días después de la siembra. El suelo del orden inceptisol de formación aluvial, al inicio del experimento tenía pH 4,9, valores de P y Si disponibles de 29 ppm y 44,7 ppm, respectivamente, acidez intercambiable 1,2 cmol(+/l y suma de bases 19,11 cmol(+/l. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa del silicio en la fertilidad del suelo, la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, y en la calidad molinera; sin embargo, la combinación del silicio aplicado al suelo y el uso de plaguicidas incrementaron el contenido de zinc y cobre en el suelo, y del zinc y magnesio en las hojas de arroz, pero este efecto no se tradujo en rendimiento y calidad de granos. La aplicación de plaguicidas influyó positivamente en el peso y rendimiento del arroz en granza (p≤0,05.

Composition and abundance of fishes in the interface between open water and macrophyte banks, and the dynamics of this interface during morning and evening twilight, in lake Catalão, Amazonas, Brazil

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Igor David da Costa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available This work studied the composition and abundance of the fishes that move between macrophyte banks and open water during the morning twilight (CM and afternoon twilight (CV. The collections were made using gillnets, along banks of Paspalum repens, at Catalão lake, in Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 222 individuals and 37 species were collected. Of these, 130 individuals were collected during the CM and 92 during the CV; 80 individuals were leaving during the CM and 40 individuals were leaving during the CV. Auchenipterus nuchalis, Pellona castelnaeana, Triportheus angulatus and T. albus were the most common and concentrated species collected in the CM and Pimelodus blochii was the most common species collected in the CV.

Catàleg dels Miridae (Heteroptera) del Massís del Garraf

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Goula Goula, Marta

1989-01-01

Per a la redacció d'aquest catàleg, s'aporten dades d'observació pròpia al llarg dels anys 1980-1984, així com les troballes publicades per CUNI (1889a,1889b,1889c,1891) i per RIBES (1978a,1978b,1980,1984). Totes aquestes observacions s'han fet en localitats del Massis del Garraf, que será objecte d'una curta descripció.

La Orden de Medidas Provisionales del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso del buque de guerra ARA Libertad

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Martin Cabrera Mirassou

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El presente comentario tiene por finalidad describir la reciente orden de medidas provisionales emitida por el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar en el caso relativo a la detención de la Fragata ARA Libertad. La controversia contiene un complejo trasfondo político, económico y jurídico, en el cual se destaca el alcance de la inmunidad de los buques de guerra, el funcionamiento del sistema de solución de controversias de la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre Derecho del Mar y, en particular, la competencia del Tribunal. Con la finalidad de lograr un entendimiento más profundo de su jurisprudencia se abordan los principales aspectos que permitan comprender el valor de la decisión para los actores del régimen de los océanos.

Crop damage of Eriotheca gracilipes (Bombacaceae by the Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva, Psittacidae, in the Brazilian Cerrado

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J Ragusa-Netto

Full Text Available Seed predation has major effects on the reproductive success of individuals, spatial patterns of populations, genetic variability, interspecific interactions and ultimately in the diversity of tree communities. At a Brazilian savanna, I evaluated the proportional crop loss of Eriotheca gracilipes due the Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva during a fruiting period. Also, I analyzed the relationship between proportional crop loss to Amazons and both fruit crop size and the distance from the nearest damaged conspecific. Trees produced from 1 to 109 fruits, so that Amazons foraged more often on trees bearing larger fruit crop size, while seldom visited less productive trees. Moreover, the relationship between fruit crop sizes and the number of depredated fruits was significant. However, when only damaged trees were assessed, I found a negative and significant relation between fruit crop size and proportional crop loss to Blue-Fronted Amazons. Taking into account this as a measure more directly related to the probability of seed survival, a negative density dependent effect emerged. Also, Amazons similarly damaged the fruit crops of either close or distant neighboring damaged trees. Hence, in spite of Blue-Fronted Amazons searched for E. gracilipes bearing large fruit crops, they were swamped due to the presence of more fruits than they could eat. Moderate seed predation by Blue-Fronted Amazons either at trees with large fruit crops or in areas where fruiting trees were aggregated implies in an enhanced probability of E. gracilipes seed survival and consequent regeneration success.

Crop damage of Eriotheca gracilipes (Bombacaceae) by the Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva, Psittacidae), in the Brazilian Cerrado.

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Ragusa-Netto, J

2014-11-01

Seed predation has major effects on the reproductive success of individuals, spatial patterns of populations, genetic variability, interspecific interactions and ultimately in the diversity of tree communities. At a Brazilian savanna, I evaluated the proportional crop loss of Eriotheca gracilipes due the Blue-Fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) during a fruiting period. Also, I analyzed the relationship between proportional crop loss to Amazons and both fruit crop size and the distance from the nearest damaged conspecific. Trees produced from 1 to 109 fruits, so that Amazons foraged more often on trees bearing larger fruit crop size, while seldom visited less productive trees. Moreover, the relationship between fruit crop sizes and the number of depredated fruits was significant. However, when only damaged trees were assessed, I found a negative and significant relation between fruit crop size and proportional crop loss to Blue-Fronted Amazons. Taking into account this as a measure more directly related to the probability of seed survival, a negative density dependent effect emerged. Also, Amazons similarly damaged the fruit crops of either close or distant neighboring damaged trees. Hence, in spite of Blue-Fronted Amazons searched for E. gracilipes bearing large fruit crops, they were swamped due to the presence of more fruits than they could eat. Moderate seed predation by Blue-Fronted Amazons either at trees with large fruit crops or in areas where fruiting trees were aggregated implies in an enhanced probability of E. gracilipes seed survival and consequent regeneration success.

Funciones del estilo personal del terapeuta en profesionales del campo de las adicciones

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Leandro Casari

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Comparar el estilo personal del terapeuta entre dos grupos de profesionales, uno dedicado a la atención de pacientes drogodependientes (grupo adicciones y otro a la atención clínica en general (grupo clínico. Método. La muestra estuvo formada por 100 psicoterapeutas que trabajan en instituciones públicas y privadas de tres provincias del interior de Argentina, pareados por las variables socioprofesionales (sexo, edad, años de experiencia profesional, enfoque teórico, grupo etario de trabajo, tipo de abordaje predominante, duración del tratamiento y grado de especialización. El instrumento empleado fue el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta. Resultados. Para el análisis de datos se emplearon pruebas de comparación de medias y se analizó su tamaño del efecto. Se obtuvieron diferencias signifi cativas en la función expresiva: grupo clínico (M = 40.36 y grupo adicciones (M = 29.86; así como también en la función instruccional: grupo clínico (M = 28.01 y grupo adicciones (M = 32.67. Esto indica una mayor distancia emocional y un incremento en la rigidez del encuadre terapéutico en los terapeutas de pacientes adictos. Conclusión. Se discuten estos resultados en función de postulados previos que señalan la complejidad del vínculo terapéutico y el énfasis en las características del encuadre terapéutico, tal como la puesta de límites.

Fungos emboloradores e manchadores de madeira em toras estocadas em indústrias madeireiras no município de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil Mould and stain fungi in logs stored in wood industries of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

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Rogério Eiji Hanada

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Visando conhecer a diversidade e a incidência de fungos emboloradores e manchadores de madeira da região Amazônica, foi realizado um levantamento em 12 espécies florestais, estocadas em quatro indústrias madeireiras de Manaus. De cada espécie florestal selecionaram-se cinco toras, das quais retiraram-se amostras de onde procedeu-se isolamento dos fungos. Foram isolados 106 fungos associados às essências florestais, representados por nove gêneros e por dezesseis espécies. Paecilomyces variotii e Lasiodiplodia theobromae foram as espécies fúngicas mais freqüentemente associadas às espécies florestais. Ceiba pentandra e Hura crepitans foram as essências florestais que apresentaram maior diversidade de fungos, com sete espécies cada uma. Hymeneae courbaril foi a que apresentou menor diversidade de fungo, com apenas uma espécie.In order to know a diversity and incidence of wood mould and wood stain fungi from Amazonian wood, the survey and identification of these kinds of fungi were carried out in twelve wood species from four wood industries of Manaus, Amazonas. Five logs were randomly selected. Wood samples were prepared and transported to the Wood Pathology Laboratory at the Forest Product Research Center of the National Institute for Amazonian Research, where the isolation and identification of the fungi were conducted. One hundred and six fungi associated to the wood species were isolated, represented by nine genera and sixteen fungi species. Paecilomyces variotti and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the more representative fungi, associated with ten and seven wood species respectively. Ceiba pentandra e Hura crepitans were the wood species with highest diversity of fungi, with seven species each. Hymenae courbaril was the wood that presented the lowest diversity of fungi, with only one fungus.

Intermittent claudication-like syndrome secondary to atherosclerosis in a yellow-naped Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata).

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Beaufrère, Hugues; Holder, Kali A; Bauer, Rudy; Schnellbacher, Rodney; Pariaut, Romain; Tully, Thomas N; Wakamatsu, Nobuko

2011-12-01

A 25-year-old yellow-naped Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata) was presented for nasal discharge and sneezing. Physical examination revealed poor feather quality, a mild serous nasal discharge, and a mass on the dorsal surface of the oral cavity. Cytologic examination of a mass aspirate as well as results of a choanal culture revealed squamous metaplasia of the salivary glands and bacterial rhinitis, respectively. Following resolution of the presenting conditions, the patient was presented for hind limb weakness and ataxia. The clinical signs were transient and generally resolved with rest but could be reproduced after stressful episodes, such as restraint for procedures or treatment. Test results from a complete blood count, biochemistry profile, whole-body radiographs, needle electromyography of the leg muscles, and an edrophonium challenge test were within reference limits. Based on the clinical signs and results of the diagnostic workup, the presumptive diagnosis was intermittent claudication, a condition caused by peripheral vascular disease and defined as intermittent weakness and pain in the legs induced by exercise and relieved by rest. Shortly after initiation of treatment with isoxsuprine, the bird died. Postmortem examination and histopathology revealed severe atherosclerotic lesions throughout the vascular system with stenotic lesions present in the abdominal aorta and femoral arteries. Electron microscopic examination of the great arteries was also performed and helped to further characterize the nature of the lesions. This case is the first report, to our knowledge, of an intermittent claudication-like syndrome associated with peripheral atherosclerosis in a psittacine bird. In addition, the distribution and some of the macroscopic and histopathologic features of the lesions differ from previous descriptions of atherosclerosis in psittacine birds.

Calidad del servicio de taxis del municipio Maracaibo

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Joheni A. Urdaneta G.

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la calidad del servicio de los taxis en el municipio Maracaibo, ya que los mismos forman parte del sistema de transporte urbano de la ciudad, y es un servicio público fundamental para la convivencia de la sociedad; para lograr este objetivo se realizó una adaptación del modelo SERVPERF, diseñando un instrumento tipo cuestionario, con 32 ítems en 6 dimensiones, adecuado a las características propias del servicio de taxi, con la finalidad de confirmar que los ítems de los instrumentos se correspondían con las dimensiones adaptadas se aplicó la técnica de análisis factorial resultando un nuevo instrumento con 24 ítems en 3 dimensiones. Se utilizó la escala de Likert con tres (3 alternativas de respuesta. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva y aplicada, bajo diseño no experimental de tipo transeccional descriptiva y de campo. La población quedó conformada por los usuarios de las líneas de taxis del municipio Maracaibo. Se aplicó muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado. La confiabilidad del instrumento se midió a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach resultando de 0,82 lo cual se considera aceptable. Los resultados revelan que la calidad del servicio de taxis del municipio Maracaibo es mediana por lo tanto este servicio es susceptible a mejoras, las cuales son necesarias para elevar la calidad de vida de los marabinos. Este resultado se obtuvo con el instrumento originalmente adaptado de 32 ítems y con el cuestionario resultante del análisis factorial, de 24 ítems; esto confirma lo apropiado de esta técnica, ya que se redujo el número de ítems y de las dimensiones originalmente adaptadas y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los resultados con ambos instrumentos; de esta manera se puede medir la calidad del servicio de taxis en el municipio Maracaibo a través de las dimensiones: confiabilidad del servicio, socialización y responsabilidad.

Evaluation of the mydriatic effects of topical administration of rocuronium bromide in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Petritz, Olivia A; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Gustavsen, Kate; Wiggans, K Tomo; Kass, Philip H; Houck, Emma; Murphy, Christopher J; Paul-Murphy, Joanne

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVE :To determine the mydriatic effects of topical rocuronium bromide administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and to identify any adverse effects associated with treatment. Randomized crossover study. 8 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Rocuronium bromide (20 μL/eye; 10 mg/mL) or saline (20 μL/eye; 0.9% NaCl) solution was administered in both eyes of each bird with a 26-day washout period. The birds were manually restrained in lateral recumbency with the apex of the cornea positioned upward for 2 minutes following administration in each eye. Infrared pupillometry and direct pupillary light reflex measurements were used to evaluate the mydriatic effects. Pupillary measurements were recorded prior to administration and every 20 minutes for 2 hours after administration, then hourly for a total of 7 hours. A brief physical examination was performed, direct pupillary light reflex was tested, and fluorescein staining was performed on each eye of each bird 24 hours after administration. A significant difference in pupillary diameter for the active versus control treatment group was noted from 20 to 360 minutes after drug administration, but not at 420 minutes. Minimal adverse effects were noted. Three birds had transient inferior eyelid paresis noted in both eyes after receiving rocuronium; 24 hours after the treatment, no differences in ocular measurements existed between the active and control treatments. Results suggested that topical rocuronium bromide administration may be safely used for pupillary dilation in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and could be used for clinical evaluation, fundus imaging, and surgical interventions involving the lens and posterior segment in this species.

Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after oral administration of single and multiple doses in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Flammer, Keven; Papich, Mark G; Grooters, Amy M; Shaw, Shannon; Applegate, Jeff; Tully, Thomas N

2010-04-01

To determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of voriconazole administered orally in single and multiple doses in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 15 clinically normal adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Single doses of voriconazole (12 or 24 mg/kg) were administered orally to 15 and 12 birds, respectively; plasma voriconazole concentrations were determined at intervals via high-pressure liquid chromatography. In a multiple-dose trial, voriconazole (18 mg/kg) or water was administered orally to 6 and 4 birds, respectively, every 8 hours for 11 days (beginning day 0); trough plasma voriconazole concentrations were evaluated on 3 days. Birds were monitored daily, and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated before and after the trial. Voriconazole elimination half-life was short (0.70 to 1.25 hours). In the single-dose experiments, higher drug doses yielded proportional increases in the maximum plasma voriconazole concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC). In the multiple-dose trial, C(max), AUC, and plasma concentrations at 2 and 4 hours were decreased on day 10, compared with day 0 values; however, there was relatively little change in terminal half-life. With the exception of 1 voriconazole-treated parrot that developed polyuria, adverse effects were not evident. In Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, oral administration of voriconazole was associated with proportional kinetics following administration of single doses and a decrease in plasma concentration following administration of multiple doses. Oral administration of 18 mg of voriconazole/kg every 8 hours would require adjustment to maintain therapeutic concentrations during long-term treatment. Safety and efficacy of voriconazole treatment in this species require further investigation.

En busca del concepto de gerencia del cuidado

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Ligia Teresa Mora-Delgado

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este articulo, presenta los conceptos de gerencia del cuidado de enfermería, desarrollado por las enfermeras profesionales que laboran en le Empresa social del estado Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz de las Ciudad de Cúcuta, desde su desempeño en la asistencia, administración y docencia. Se pretende además precisar los elementos gerenciales, sociales, humanísticos y éticos que deben hacer parte del concepto de gerencia del cuidado.

Ruptura del projecte parental i disposició dels preembrions

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Farnós Amorós, Esther

2010-01-01

La tesi doctoral "Ruptura del projecte parental i disposició dels preembrions" analitza els efectes del consentiment a les tècniques de reproducció assistida prestat en el marc d'un projecte parental. La tesi ofereix una resposta als conflictes que enfronten exesposos o exconvivents en relació al destí dels preembrions sobrants d'un cicle de fecundació "in vitro" iniciat durant la relació. Aquests conflictes constitueixen un grup de casos al voltant del qual no hi ha solucions legislatives qu...

Determinantes del ingreso y del gasto corriente de los hogares

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Muñoz C., Manuel

2004-01-01

Este ensayo de investigación empírica analiza los determinantes del ingreso y del gasto en los hogares colombianos. Utilizando un modelo del ciclo de vida con datos de la encuesta de hogares de 1994 y 1995, muestra que el comportamiento del ingreso está afectado principalmente por las características demográficas del hogar y los rasgos socio ocupacionales de sus miembros. El comportamiento del gasto está determinado ante todo por el ingreso y, en menor medida, por las características sociales...

Gestión del riesgo del cambio (segunda parte)

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Zorrilla Salgador, Juan Pablo

2004-01-01

Segunda parte del artículo acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio. Esta continuación abarca estrategias, definiciones, metodología y explicaciones sobre todo lo relacionado con el Ratio de cobertura de los futuros y la aparición del riesgo base.Segunda parte del artículo acerca del uso de futuros sobre el tipo de cambio. Esta continuación abarca estrategias, definiciones, metodología y explicaciones sobre todo lo relacionado con el Ratio de cobertura de los futuros y la aparición d...

HACIA UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DEL LEGADO DEL TRADUCTOR

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María Constanza Guzmán

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

HACIA UNA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DEL LEGADO DEL TRADUCTOR

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María Constanza Guzmán

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se propone investigar el aporte de perspectivas traductológicas para el estudio de la figura del traductor y su legado. Se centra en enfoques teóricos contemporáneos, principalmente aquellos basados en perspectivas postestructuralistas, que consideran el papel del sujeto traductor como un aspecto crucial en la traducción y los estudios literarios, y proponen maneras interesantes de abordarlo. A lo largo del artículo se cuestionan nociones como la idea de un original sacralizado, la relación entre autoría y propiedad, el ideal del significado transparente, y la tensión entre la traducción y la escritura del "original". Se presta especial atención a la importancia de ubicar históricamente la práctica del traductor, reconocer su papel como agente visible, y conceptualizar la traducción como una forma de escritura que se desarrolla en medio de complejas interacciones y negociaciones.

CORRELACIÓN ENTRE SÍNTOMAS MENOPÁUSICOS Y PERCEPCIÓN DE ESTRÉS EN MUJERES DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

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Álvaro Monterrosa Castro

2016-04-01

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Introducción: Estrés es el conjunto de procesos y respuestas ante situaciones que requieren mayor adaptación que lo habitual. En estrés psicológico, el individuo cree no controlar las exigencias del entorno. El objetivo fue estimar correlación entre síntomas menopáusicos y estrés psicológico percibido.

Metodología: Estudio transversal del proyecto CAVIMEC (Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas, realizado en mujeres de dos ciudades del caribe Colombiano, edad 40-59 años, que participaron voluntariamente en sus comunidades. Se aplicó formulario de características sociodemográficas y las escalas: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 y Menopause Rating Scale (MRS. A mayor puntuación de PSS-10, mayor estrés psicológico. A mayor valor MRS, mayor severidad de síntomas, deterioro de dominios y peor calidad de vida. El análisis estadístico se realizó con Epi–info 7.

Resultados: 471 mujeres con 48,0(45,0-52,5 años. Premenopausia: 23,9%, perimenopausia: 11,7% y posmenopausia: 64,3%. El 61,9% en sobrepeso u obesidad, 7,2% diabéticas, 15,2% hipertensas, 15,7% ooforectomía bilateral y 50,3% histerectomizadas. 69,4% manifestó que las cosas le iban bien a menudo y 57,5 % que estaban seguras sobre su capacidad para manejar problemas personales. MRS 13,0(9,0-17,0 puntos, cansancio físico/mental 84,5%, oleadas de calor 84,5% y dolores musculo/articulares 84,3%. Se encontró correlación positiva entre oleadas de calor, molestias cardiacas, trastornos del sueño, molestias musculo/articulares, estado de ánimo depresivo, irritabilidad, ansiedad, cansancio físico/mental, problemas sexuales, problemas de vejiga, sequedad vaginal y calidad de vida, con PSS-10 (p<0,005. Calidad de vida: rho=0,41(IC95%:0,33-0,48p<0,0001. Urogenital: rho=0,39(IC95%:0,31-0,46p<0,0001. Somático: rho=0,31(IC95%:0,23-0,39p<0,0001. Psicológico: rho=0,38(IC95%:0,31-046p<0,0001. Conclusi

A mística do Pirarucu: pesca, ethos e paisagem em comunidades rurais do baixo Amazonas

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Rui Sérgio S. Murrieta

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo é uma análise das práticas e significados que permeiam a pesca do pirarucu nas comunidades rurais da Ilha de Ituqui, no Baixo Amazonas, Pará. O pirarucu é o maior peixe de escamas da Amazônia e também um valioso produto de mercado devido ao seu papel privilegiado na culinária local. A pesca do Pirarucu é uma das atividades mais antigas no Baixo Amazonas, remontando a tempos pré-coloniais. Para os pescadores que habitam a ilha de Ituqui, a captura do pirarucu pode representar não apenas o retorno econômico garantido de uma jornada de trabalho, como também revestir-se de uma série de significados e vivências ontologicamente estruturadas no dia-a-dia e na identidade dos pescadores. Conflitos sociais e disputas pessoais são intensificadas ou reduzidas, afeições são confirmadas e laços sociais refeitos através das práticas e encontros vivenciados durante uma viagem de pesca aos lagos próximos. Além da prática em si, tais viagens tornam-se referências mnemônicas e afetivas da paisagem, do evento de captura e do próprio sentido de lugar; resultando numa unidade processual conectada a muitas esferas pessoais e sociais de significado, as quais são de difícil compartimentalização. No meio de tantos aspectos motivadores, disputas e pescarias "irracionais" acontecem em Ituqui. Locais de pescaria são possessivamente guardados e "fronteiras territoriais" sutilmente estabelecidas entre comunidades e famílias. O direito ao recurso e, por extensão, aos significados e emoções que ele incorpora, torna-se um luxo ferozmente protegido por alguns. O decréscimo da população de pirarucus, as novas tecnologias de pesca, a alta demanda do mercado pelo peixe e a "mística" que ainda permeia a captura do animal colocaram muitos pescadores num dilema em que a sobrevivência desta atividade parece colidir com o que os desenvolvimentistas e ambientalistas chamam de "racionalidade" da conservação.This article aims to

Componente Cultura del Agua del PMGRH: plan de trabajo

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Autoridad Nacional del Agua; Proyecto de Modernización de la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos

2012-01-01

Describe el plan de trabajo del Componente Cultura del Agua del Proyecto de Modernización de la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos (PMGRH) en relacion a dos aspectos estructurales del proyecto: 1. Mejora de la capacidad de la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos (GIRH) a nivel nacional y 2. Fortalecimiento de las capacidades de GIRH en las cuencas.

Plantas y hongos tintóreos de los wichís del Gran Chaco

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María Eugenia Suárez

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de una investigación etnobotánica que trata los tintes vegetales y fúngicos entre los indígenas wichí del Chaco Semiárido. Se realizaron trabajos de campo con informantes calificados y ocasionales de ambos sexos en localidades de las provincias argentinas de Salta y Formosa. Asimismo, se hizo una revisión minuciosa de la bibliografía vinculada con el tema. Se encontraron 24 especies de plantas y 2 de hongos que son usadas para colorear productos textiles realizados a partir de fibras de cháguar (Bromelia hieronymi y B. urbaniana. Se proporcionan informaciones y detalles sobre los nombres vernáculos de las especies, las partes usadas, los procedimientos de tinción y los colores logrados. El número total de plantas tintóreas encontrado es alto comparado con los que fueron citados para otras etnias chaquenses y se registraron especies que antes no fueron mencionadas como tintóreas entre los wichís.Dye plants and fungi among the Wichí people of the Gran Chaco. This paper presents the results of an ethnobotanical investigation into plant and fungal dyes used by the Wichí people of the Semiarid Chaco. Fieldwork was carried out with occasional and key informants, both men and women, in several locations of Salta and Formosa provinces in Argentina. Moreover, a detailed examination of the bibliography on the topic was conducted. Twenty-four plant species and two fungi that are used for coloring textile products made from cháguar fibers (Bromelia hieronymi and B. urbaniana were found. Information and details on the vernacular names of the species, the parts that are used, the dying technique and the colors obtained are provided. The total number of dye plants found is high compared with the ones cited among other Chaco ethnic groups, and records were made of species that had not previously been mentioned among the Wichí people as being used for dyes.

Estado nutricional y riesgo de malnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados del Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño

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Diana C. Botina N.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Estimar el estado nutricional y el riesgo de malnutrición de pacientes hospitalizados en Pasto, Colombia. Metodología. Un estudio transversal fue llevado a cabo en el Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño. La muestra comprendió 400 pacientes voluntarios que fueron incorporados prospectivamente. El estado nutricional fue evaluado con el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC siguiendo los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS (bajo peso, normal, sobrepeso y obesidad. El riesgo de desnutrición fue detectado de acuerdo al Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST que incluyeron el IMC, pérdida de peso y enfermedad aguda. Resultados. La prevalencia de desnutrición según el IMC fue de 24,5 %. La malnutrición varió según la edad (≥65 años, régimen de seguridad social, estado civil, hijos y educación. La puntuación del MUST mostró que 55 % de los pacientes estaban en riesgo de malnutrición. Variables como la edad (≥65 años, etnia, residencia, origen, nivel socioeconómico, régimen de seguridad social, hijos, educación y servicios hospitalarios se relacionaron con el riesgo de malnutrición. Conclusiones. El presente estudio sugiere que estos pacientes hospitalizados tenían un alto porcentaje de malnutrición. Individuos de edad igual o superior a 65 años fueron los más afectados teniendo tanto bajo peso como riesgo de malnutrición. Por lo tanto, hay una necesidad de incluir una evaluación nutricional con el fin de prevenir las consecuencias de malnutrición en personas mayores.

Evaluation of the micro nutrients daily ingestion and mercury on pre-elementary school children from some communities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Andrea C.P.; Favaro, Deborah I.T.; Farias, Luciana; Maihara, Vera A.; Vasconcellos, Marina B.A.; ime P.L.; Alencar, Fernando H.; Yuyama, Lucia K.

2007-01-01

This study evaluates the daily dietetic ingestion of Hg and some nutrients of pre-scholar children from eight communities of Amazonas state, Brazil. Some children from each community were selected and their diets (24 hours total consumption) were collected by the duplicate quantity method and a pool of diets composed for each of these communities. The diet samples were analysed for the Hg total content by a CV AAS linear accelerator and neutron activation analysis for determination of Ca, Fe, K, Se and Zn micro nutrients. Both analytical methodologies precision and accuracy were validated using the certified reference materials analysis. The provisional tolerable weekly ingestion (PTWI) for Hg and the daily micro nutrient ingestion were calculated for each group, considering an 10 kg average weight for each child. The obtained results for all diets were shown the inadequacy prevail for the evaluated micro nutrients, and some communities exceeded the limit of 5 μg Hg/kg of body weight (PTWI). Those results suggested that the nutritional education program must be implemented at those communities, aiming the better utilization of the local food natural resources. (author)

Migración y urbanismo transnacional en un pueblo originario urbano

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Daniela Reyes Lara

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es explicar cómo se ha dado la articulación de dos escalas, lo global y lo local, a través de los vínculos transnacionales que se tejen entre los migrantes y sus familias, a partir de prácticas sociales transnacionales entre las localidades de origen y destino. El concepto de urbanismo transnacional ha permitido salir del enfoque dicotómico global-local desde donde se ha analizado casi siempre el fenómeno migratorio. Dicho concepto permite dar cuenta de que lo local, al igual que lo global, son procesos de construcción complejos y en los cuales ambos están imbricados, no es que uno sea resul - tado del otro, además de que se encuentran atravesados por múltiples dinámicas sociales y diferentes individuos, en donde aspectos como género, clase y etnia deben ser considerados a la hora de hacer el análisis para no esencializar tanto lo local como lo global.

De Pozo Redondo a Nueva Esperanza: reasentamiento en la ribera amazónica colombiana

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Nohora Inés Carvajal Sánchez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una descripción y análisis del proceso de reasentamiento de la comunidad indígena tikuna de Pozo Redondo hacia su actual ubicación, Puerto Esperanza, en el Trapecio Amazónico colombiano. Proceso adelantado en los años noventa del siglo XX. El interés principal es la comprensión de algunos de los aspectos más relevantes de este traslado que caracterizamos como migración interna. Por lo tanto, centramos nuestro interés en las percepciones de los actuales pobladores de Puerto Esperanza acerca de la relocalización de la comunidad y, además, sobre las transformaciones y adaptaciones en sus modos de vida, producto de su traslado desde la várzea en zona inundable del río Amazonas a una zona de lomerío en tierra firme.

Determinantes del ingreso y del gasto corriente de los hogares

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Muñoz C., Manuel

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo de investigación empírica analiza los determinantes del ingreso y del gasto en los hogares colombianos. Utilizando un modelo del ciclo de vida con datos de la encuesta de hogares de 1994 y 1995, muestra que el comportamiento del ingreso está afectado principalmente por las características demográficas del hogar y los rasgos socio ocupacionales de sus miembros. El comportamiento del gasto está determinado ante todo por el ingreso y, en menor medida, por las características sociales del hogar y el gasto de otros hogares con características similares. También examina la influencia de la incertidumbre acerca de los ingresos en el gasto de los hogares para comprobar si estos actúan con motivos de precaución.

Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ).

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Carpenter, James W; Tully, Thomas N; Gehring, Ronette; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon

2017-06-01

To determine the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ), 8 healthy adult parrots of both sexes were used in a 2-part study. In a pilot study, piperacillin (87 mg/kg) in combination with tazobactam (11 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly (IM) to 2 birds, and blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after administration. Based on the results obtained, a main study was done in which piperacillin/tazobactam was administered at 2 different doses. In 3 birds, the initial dose of piperacillin (87 mg/kg)/tazobactam (11 mg/kg) IM was administered, and in 3 birds, the dose was doubled to piperacillin (174 mg/kg)/tazobactam (22 mg/kg) IM. In all 6 birds, blood samples were obtained at 0, 5, 15, and 30 minutes and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 hours after administration. Quantification of plasma piperacillin and tazobactam concentrations was determined by validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. After intramuscular administration, the mean ± standard error values of T 1/2 (h) was 0.52 ± 0.05 and 0.32 ± 0.07, T max (h) was 0.28 ± 0.09 and 0.25 ± 0.10, C max (μg/mL) was 86.34 ± 20.62 and 9.03 ± 2.88, and C max /dose was 0.99 ± 0.24 and 0.83 ± 0.26 for piperacillin (87 mg/kg) and tazobactam (11 mg/kg), respectively. When the doses were doubled, the T 1/2 (h) was 0.65 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.02, T max (h) was 0.28 ± 0.12 and 0.14 ± 0.06, C max (μg/mL) was 233.0 ± 6.08 and 22.13 ± 2.35, and C max /dose was 1.34 ± 0.03 and 1.02 ± 0.11 for piperacillin and tazobactam, respectively. Results indicate that piperacillin is rapidly absorbed and reaches high initial concentrations; however, it is also rapidly eliminated in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot, and tazobactam has similar pharmacokinetics as piperacillin. Administration of piperacillin at 87 mg/kg IM q3-4h is recommended for this species

Análisis del "Curso sobre la Evolución del Pensamiento Juslaboralista" del Profesor Emérito Héctor-Hugo Barbagelata (El espejo retrovisor del Derecho del Trabajo y los Principios del Dr. H. H. Barbagelata

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Helios Sarthou

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los que sabíamos que el profesor Emérito de “Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social" Dr. Hector Hugo Barbagelata, tenía en preparación un libro sobre Evolución del pensamiento Juslaboralista –de algún modo en la senda del Curso que había fundado en nuestra Facultad de Derecho- lo considerábamos de altísima importancia, no sólo en el plano técnico-jurídico, sino también por las implicancias históricas, sociales y políticas que la temática implicaba.- Y esto es así en esta época, en que el pensamiento neoliberal no obstante el camino ya recorrido, continúa buscando incidir en el Derecho del Trabajo, recurriendo a excusas para el retorno al Derecho Civil, o para alcanzar la flexibilidad con mengua del respeto a los principios de tuitividad y justicia social que debe garantizar el Derecho del Trabajo o, en otros casos directamente promoviendo la irrelevancia técnica de la disciplina en beneficio del Derecho Civil o del Derecho Procesal, en su caso.-

RASGOS GEOGRÁFICOS DEL VALLE DEL RIO AGRIO INFERIOR.

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Celia Torren

1993-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es una síntesis del trabajo "Rasgos Geográficos del Valle del Río Agrio Inferior, el cual es un estudio de base para el conocimiento de la geografía de la región: - apoyando el esfuerzo que está realizando la población del área para lograr una identidad propia y una definitiva integración al contexto provincial; - aportando al proyecto "Rescate Arqueológico en Quili Malal, Neuquén" (subsidiado por CONICET y UNESCO, cuya dirección está a cargo de la profesora Susana Rodríguez de la U.N.C., a través de la confección del mapa geomorfológico del área; y - contribuyendo a los estudios que resultan necesarios ante la construcción de una obra hidroeléctrica de la magnitud de "El Chihuido I", emprendimiento que será llevado a cabo por Agua y Energía eléctrica de la Nación. Los límites del área estudiada fueron establecidos teniendo en cuenta el área del valle inferior del Río Agrio que será completamente inundada por el futuro embalse de la represa "El Chihuido I", a emplazarse 5,5 Km aguas abajo de la confluencia de los ríos Agrio y Neuquén. Además de esta área de afectación directa se tomó también una zona de perilago estrechamente vinculada a la anterior. De esta manera los límites este y oeste quedaron establecidos por la confluencia de los ríos antes mencionados y la localidad de Bajada del Agrio, respectivamente.

Memòries del santuari del Mont (final s. XVIII-1953)

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Gifre i Ribas, Pere; Puig Pla, Santi; Tremoleda Trilla, Joaquim

2011-01-01

Transcripció del text inèdit de memòries del santuari del Mont. El text va ser escrit, bàsicament, pels preveres custodis i administradors del santuari. Es recull, primerament, els costums litúrgics de la parròquia de Sous, a la manera de les consuetes. A partir de 1791 s’anoten els fets més importants, a parer del custodi administrador, ocorreguts al santuari: obres de reforma i restauració del santuari i les seves dependències, adquisicions de mobiliari i parament de la casa, donacions al s...

Más allá del telar: el mundo del trabajo femenino en la Asturias del siglo XVIII

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Patricia Suárez Álvarez

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En el Siglo de la Razón proliferaron los tratados dónde, por primera vez en la historia, se ponía de relieve la necesidad de educar de forma conveniente a las mujeres. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento que los Ilustrados otorgaron al sexo femenino, siguieron relegando a éstas a las paredes del hogar, exhortándoles a quedarse fuera del mundo del trabajo extra-doméstico, reservado sólo para los hombres de la familia. No obstante, la necesidad obligaba, y cuando los recursos u hombres de una casa escaseaban, la mujer tenía que salir a buscarse el sustento. Este es el caso de cientos de mujeres del Principado de Asturias, dónde, a mediados del siglo XVIII, la realidad femenina difería de lo que lo que se consideraba ideal. Este trabajo arrojará pues luz, en un campo hasta ahora desconocido: el del mundo profesional de las mujeres asturianas del Setecientos, dónde comprobaremos cómo en ocasiones llegaban a adquirir, gracias a su status profesional, papeles relevantes dentro de la sociedad.

Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate in a long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation administered to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Laniesse, Delphine; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Knych, Heather K; Smith, Dale A; Mosley, Cornelia; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R; Beaufrère, Hugues

2017-06-01

OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate incorporated into poloxamer 407 (P407) after SC administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). ANIMALS 11 adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (6 males and 5 females; 11 to 27 years old). PROCEDURES A sterile formulation of butorphanol in P407 (But-P407) 25% (percentage determined as [weight of P407/weight of diluent] × 100]) was created (8.3 mg/mL). Five preliminary experiments (2 birds/experiment) were performed to determine the ideal dose for this species. The formulation then was administered (12.5 mg/kg, SC) to 8 birds. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 0.08, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration. Some birds were used more than once, with a washout period of ≥ 3 months between subsequent treatments. Butorphanol concentrations were quantitated by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by use of noncompartmental analysis. RESULTS Maximal plasma butorphanol concentration was reached at 1.31 hours. Plasma concentrations of butorphanol remained > 100 ng/mL for > 3 hours (all birds) or > 4 hours (5/8 birds) but Amazon parrots, and absorption followed a pharmacokinetic profile compatible with a sustained-release drug. A dose of 12.5 mg/kg, SC, would theoretically provide analgesia for 4 to 8 hours. No adverse effects were detected. Studies on the pharmacodynamics of this formulation are necessary to confirm the degree and duration of analgesia.

Pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of a single dose of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

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Souza, Marcy J; Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, David; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R; Cox, Sherry K

2012-08-01

To determine pharmacokinetics after IV and oral administration of a single dose of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). 9 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (3 males, 5 females, and 1 of unknown sex). Tramadol (5 mg/kg, IV) was administered to the parrots. Blood samples were collected from -5 to 720 minutes after administration. After a 3-week washout period, tramadol (10 and 30 mg/kg) was orally administered to parrots. Blood samples were collected from -5 to 1,440 minutes after administration. Three formulations of oral suspension (crushed tablets in a commercially available suspension agent, crushed tablets in sterile water, and chemical-grade powder in sterile water) were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of tramadol and its major metabolites were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean plasma tramadol concentrations were > 100 ng/mL for approximately 2 to 4 hours after IV administration of tramadol. Plasma concentrations after oral administration of tramadol at a dose of 10 mg/kg were 100 ng/mL for approximately 6 hours after administration. Oral administration of the suspension consisting of the chemical-grade powder resulted in higher plasma tramadol concentrations than concentrations obtained after oral administration of the other 2 formulations; however, concentrations differed significantly only at 120 and 240 minutes after administration. Oral administration of tramadol at a dose of 30 mg/kg resulted in plasma concentrations (> 100 ng/mL) that have been associated with analgesia in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.

Aspectos estructurales y tipos de vegetación de la isla Mocagua, río Amazonas

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Prieto Adriana

1995-06-01

Full Text Available An analysis of some parameters of vegetation structure (coberture -%-, density and specific diversity is presented for plant formations in the Mocagua island (Colombian Amazonia. The structure of the vegetation types ranging from simple river beach zone, aquatic and floodplain environments, to complex arrangement in forest formations. The average number of individuals with DAP > 10 cm (58/0.1 ha is lower than other similar regions. In addition, we describe the types of vegetation founded according with floristic affinities, wich is related to the water content in the sustrata.Tha natural vegetation comprise from aquatic communities of Oxyearyum eubense - Pontederia rotundifolia, to continental ones of Rheedia madruno- Palieourea eroeea, Triehilia pallida - Sommera sabiceoides, phases of Montriehardia arboreseens and Ceeropia latíloba, Paspalum repens and Ceeropia latíloba, and Leptochloa seabra and Torulinium maeroeephalum.Se presentan los resultados de los análisis sobre parámetros estructurales de la vegetación (cobertura-%-, densidad y diversidad específica de las formaciones vegetales de la isla Mocagua (Amazonas, Colombia. La estructura de los tipos de vegetación diferenciados cubre desde los arreglos simples como la de las zonas de playa, ambientes lacustres e inundables, hasta arreglos complejos con diferentes estratos en formaciones boscosas. El número de individuos con DAP > 10 cm (prom.=58/0.1 ha en comparación con los valores en otras zonas es bajo. Los tipos de vegetación descritos obedecen en su distribución esencialmente al contenido de agua en el sustrato; la vegetación natural comprende desde comunidades acuáticas de Oxycaryum cubense - Pontederia rotundifolia, hasta las continentales de Rheedia. madruno - Palieourea eroeea, Triehilia pallida - Sommera sabieeoides y las fases de Montriehardia arboreseens y Ceeropia latiloba, Paspalum repens y Cecropia latiloba, y la de Leptochloa scabra y Torulinium maerocephalum.

Examen del fenómeno del turismo contemporáneo y la Competitividad en la Frontera del Conocimiento

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Carlos Mario Amaya Molinar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A partir del inicio del presente siglo, el estudio de la competitividad turística es un tema que ha llamado la atención tanto de académicos del área como de organizaciones públicas y privadas de diversas categorías, con la expectativa de que su comprensión permita a países y destinos turísticos obtener ventajas en captación de visitantes, ingresos y sostenibilidad de su operación turística, de cara a la intensa contienda internacional por la preferencia del turista. El presente trabajo se deriva de la discusión que tuvo lugar en el Panel Competitividad y Turismo, en el marco de la 5ª Cátedra Patrimonial en Turismo Sergio Molina-Estrategias del Turismo en la Frontera del Conocimiento, organizado por el Departamento de Ciencias Administrativas del Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, efectuado en el mes de abril del año 2013. Para este fin, se analizaron un conjunto de trabajos académicos e institucionales, a fin de identificar sus marcos de referencia, definiciones y modelos teóricos, con la perspectiva de obtener una visión panorámica del estado del arte en la materia.

Arte Popular y Feminismo

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Eli Bartra

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se lleva a cabo, en primer lugar, una propuesta metodológica de cómo abordar el estudio del arte popular desde un punto de vista feminista. A continuación se realiza un acercamiento a un ejemplo específico de arte popular mexicano que se halla en estrecha relación con el arte elitista y se puede considerar que se trata de un proceso de sincretismo cultural un tanto sui generis: las friditas de Josefina Aguilar como recreaciones de la obra plástica de Frida Kahlo. Con base en este “close up” se intenta mostrar un posible método para conocer el arte popular contemplando las divisiones sociales por género, etnia y clase.

Fractura triple del complejo suspensorio del hombro

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Eraclio Delgado Rifá

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El complejo suspensorio del hombro es una estructura sumamente importante, compuesta por un anillo de huesos y tejidos blandos. Las lesiones aisladas de este complejo anatómico son frecuentes y no afectan su estabilidad. La interrupción doble conduce a la inestabilidad de esta estructura y usualmente requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. La triple interrupción, por su parte, es sumamente rara y es encontrada en casos de trauma de alta energía a menudo en asociación con otras lesiones. Se presenta una triple lesión del complejo suspensorio del hombro en un paciente de 46 años de edad, con una fractura de la glenoides, del acromion tipo III de Kuhn y de la coracoides tipo II de Ogawa. En este caso, la fractura del acromion fue tratada con fijación percutánea con alambres de Kirschner, por tener asociado lesiones de partes blandas que contraindicaron la reducción abierta. La fractura de la glenoides y de la apófisis coracoides fueron tratadas conservadoramente. Después de 6 meses de evolución, el paciente tuvo un resultado funcional aceptable, con una abducción de 90 grados, los 30 grados de rotación externa y 70 de rotación interna, además asintomático y consolidación de todas las fracturas. A pesar de ser catalogada de una lesión grave del cinturón escapular y estar asociada a otras lesiones se obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio al final del tratamiento.

OBJETIVO DEL DESARROLLO DEL MILENIO 7

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Margarita M. Pérez O.

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, también conocidos como los Objetivos del Milenio, constituyeron las metas finales que aprobaron los dirigentes mundiales, 189 jefes de estado y de gobierno en la Cumbre del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas celebrada en Nueva York en el año 2000, en la cual los Estados miembros de la organización reafirmaron su compromiso de luchar por un mundo en el que el desarrollo sostenible y la eliminación de la pobreza tuvieran máxima prioridad1 . En la cumbre se definió la Declaración del Milenio, la cual detalla los objetivos, principios, valores, metas y acciones para erradicar la pobreza Mundial hacia el año 2015, todos ellos ratificados con alto interés y acción estratégica de carácter global, como marco para la medición de los progresos en materia de desarrollo.

Caracterização e classificação de gleissolos da várzea do rio Solimões (Manacapuru e Iranduba, Amazonas, Brasil Characterization and classification of gleysoils on the floodplain of the Solimões river (Iranduba and Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brazil

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Sérgio Tavares Guimarães

2013-04-01

Full Text Available As várzeas do rio Solimões são áreas inundáveis com predomínio de Gleissolos, onde se estabeleceu grande parte da população rural do Estado do Amazonas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar e classificar cinco perfis de Gleissolos, distribuídos em três áreas da bacia do Médio Amazonas, localizados nas várzeas dos municípios de Manacapuru e Iranduba. Após a descrição morfológica dos solos, coletaram-se amostras dos seus horizontes para caracterização física, química e mineralógica. Similarmente, todos os perfis apresentaram expressiva gleização na matriz do solo, com cores cinzenta a cinzenta-esverdeada, nos horizontes mais superficiais, e cinzenta-clara a cinzenta-escura, nos subsuperficiais, denotando a redução do ferro. Os teores mais elevados da fração areia em horizontes de subsuperfície indicaram presença de diferentes camadas de deposição fluvial, enquanto os elevados teores de silte evidenciaram a natureza sedimentar recente e o baixo grau de desenvolvimento pedogenético desses solos. Os cátions predominantes nos solos foram Ca2+ e Mg2+, que apresentaram porcentagens de sódio trocável (PST, com amplitude de variação entre 0,70 e 2,09. Os valores de carbono orgânico encontrados foram menores de 80 g kg-1, apresentando a natureza mineral dos sedimentos recém-depositados. A composição mineralógica da fração argila revelou presença significativa de argilominerais 2:1, mas sem grande variabilidade entre os perfis. Esses resultados refletiram-se em elevada soma e saturação por bases, caracterizando solos eutróficos e com argila de atividade alta.The floodplains of the Solimões River are areas periodically flooded with predominance of Gleisols,where have lived a large number of small farmers of the region. The purpose of this study was to characterize and classify five profiles of Gleysoils distributed in three floodplain areas of the Middle Amazon basin, located in the municipalities

Estrategias del Teatro del Oprimido para la formación permanente del profesorado

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Tomás Motos-Teruel

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo relata una experiencia y su valoración de formación permanente del profesorado basada en el aprendizaje vivencial utilizando como estrategia metodológica el Teatro del Oprimido (TO para estimular y favorecer la reflexión sobre la práctica educativa. Sus objetivos básicos fueron dar a conocer la formulación teórica y la metodología del TO y hacer la transferencia de las estrategias metodológicas vivenciadas a la práctica docente. El estudio se ha planteado desde una óptica cualitativa con el estudio de caso único. Y como resultados más destacables hay que reseñar el interés y la percepción de la utilidad personal y profesional del TO como instrumento de reflexión sobre la acción y generador de clima positivo. El Teatro del Oprimido es una formulación teórica y un método estético cuya teoría y praxis están inspiradas en la Pedagogía del Oprimido de Paulo Freire, utiliza las técnicas dramáticas como un instrumento eficaz para la comprensión y la búsqueda de alternativas a problemas sociales, interpersonales e individuales.