Hacia la creación de un estado socialista, centralizado y militarista en Venezuela (2007

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Allan Randolph Brewer-Carías

2007-08-01

Full Text Available El trabajo analiza la propuesta de reforma constitucional que presentó el Presidente de Venezuela ante la Asamblea Nacional de ese país en agosto de 2007, en la cual propone cambios fundamentales en la concepción y organización del Estado, para transformar el modelo de Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho descentralizado (federal que se plasmó en la Constitución vigente de 1999, montado sobre un sistema de economía mixta que combina libertad económica y de empresa con la intervención del Estado para asegurar la justicia social, por un Estado Socialista, Centralizado y Militarista, montado sobre la eliminación de la libertad económica y del derecho de propiedad como derechos constitucionales, y el establecimiento constitucional de un sistema económico estatista de planificación centralizada. Dicha «reforma» sólo podría realizarse convocando una Asamblea Constituyente.

Situação das indústrias madeireiras do Estado do Amazonas em 2000 Lumber industries situation in 2000 in Amazonas State

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José Ricardo Araújo Lima

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Apesar da baixa atividade de usos do solo no Estado, a produção de madeira não é sustentável. Isso é causado, principalmente, pela falta de infra-estrutura dos órgãos responsáveis para monitorar os planos de manejo florestal e de corte raso para agricultura e pecuária. Este estudo apresenta análise de alguns fatores de produção, industrialização e comercialização da indústria madeireira do Estado do Amazonas, visando viabilizar diagnóstico do setor florestal. Essas informações possibilitam o estabelecimento de políticas florestais para a região. Fez-se a definição das zonas de produção, onde os principais municípios produtores de serrados foram Manaus, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru e Parintins; e de compensados e laminados foram Manaus e Itacoatiara. Após essa definição os dados foram coletados diretamente nas indústrias, através de questionários e entrevistas para coletar as seguintes informações: principais espécies consumidas, produtividade das indústrias, origem da matéria-prima, transporte, qualificação de pessoal e treinamento, principais problemas tecnológicos e exportação. Em 2000, a produção estadual foi de 323.400m³ de madeira em toras. Mais de 50 espécies diferentes são usadas nas serrarias, das quais 16 representaram 80% do volume total, sendo as 5 espécies (louro inhamui,angelim pedra,amapá,assacu e maçaranduba contribuíram com 49,34% do consumo total; quanto as indústrias de compensado e laminado estas usaram, 17 espécies onde as 5 principais (muiratinga, sumaúma, copaíba, assacu e amapá representaram 62,71% do consumo total.Também foram coletados dados complementares junto ao IBAMA, SUFRAMA, SEFAZ e IBGE.Despite low land activities, hardwood production is not sustainable. This is caused mainly by the lack of infrastructure on the part of the responsible organs that monitor forest management plans and clear cutting for pasture and agriculture. This study dealt with forest

Caracterização da estratégia saúde da família no estado do Amazonas, Brasil: análise da implantação e impacto Characterization of the family health strategy in Amazonas state, Brazil: an analysis of implementation and impact

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Hadelândia Milon de Oliveira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a implantação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF em municípios do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, analisando indicadores de cobertura populacional potencial, indícios de mudança do modelo assistencial e indício de impacto (2004 e 2008. A classificação de implantação foi intermediária e insatisfatória. Os resultados mostram aumento no número de municípios com PSF implantado, assim como na cobertura do programa, porém ainda abaixo de 50% da cobertura populacional. Para a dimensão de mudança no modelo assistencial, não foram observados municípios com alto índice de mudança. No indício de impacto houve diminuição no baixo impacto e aumento do alto impacto. O teste estatístico indica que a classificação final não apresentou mudança estatisticamente significante entre um ano e outro, prevalecendo nos municípios do Estado do Amazonas a classificação de implantação insatisfatória. A avaliação do PSF não é algo simples, pois há vários fatores que contribuem para essa problemática. Outros estudos poderão revelar os fatores para sua classificação insatisfatória no Estado do Amazonas.This article focuses on the implementation of the Family Health Program (FHP in municipalities (counties in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, analyzing potential population coverage, evidence of change in the health care model, and impact (2004 and 2008. Implementation was classified as fair versus unsatisfactory. The findings showed an increase in the number of municipalities with the FHP implemented, as well as in the program's coverage (which nevertheless was less than 50% of the population. Concerning change in the health care model, no municipalities were observed with a high rate of change. As for impact, there was a decrease in low impact and an increase in high impact. The final classification did not show a statistically significant change from one year to the next, and unsatisfactory implementation prevailed

Deficiencia de Vitamina A y Estado Nutricional Antropométrico en niños MarginalesUrbanos y Rurales en el Estado Zulia, Venezuela

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Amaya-Castellanos, Daisy; Viloria-Castejón, Haydée; Ortega, Pablo; Gómez, Gisela; Urrieta, Jesús R; Lobo, Pablo; Estévez, Jesús

2002-01-01

El presente estudio transversal fue realizado para estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA) y desnutrición proteico-energética en una población infantil (24 a 85 meses) de tres barrios marginales urbanos de Maracaibo Estado Zulia, Venezuela (n=173) y de una zona rural (n=34), vecina a Maracaibo, por medio del análisis del retinol sérico y mediciones antropométricas, aplicando puntuación Z a los indicadores Talla//Edad (ZT//E); Peso//Edad (ZP//E) y Peso//Talla (ZP//T), compara...

SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN BAJO SOFTWARE LIBRE PARA LA RED INALÁMBRICA NO LICENCIADA DEL ESTADO MÉRIDA, VENEZUELA: PARTE I

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Histerlee Adim Ramírez Pérez; José Bernardo Peña

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se implementa un sistema para gestionar la Red Inalámbrica Socialista del Estado Mérida (RISEM), Venezuela, la cual presta el servicio a 14 municipios de los 23 que posee el dicho estado. RISEM permite a las diferentes comunidades contar con acceso a Internet de manera gratuita, lográndose llevar el servicio a lugares donde no llegan las empresas comerciales prestadoras del dicho servicio. Debido a la diversidad de la topografía merideña, se hace necesario un sistema que permi...

Review of the genus Bythonia Oman 1936 with description of a new species and new record from Venezuela (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Iassinae).

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Gaiani, Marco A

2017-06-06

Bythonia freytagi sp. nov. is diagnosed and described from northern Venezuela. Bythonia rugosa is recorded for the first time in Venezuela from the southern state of Amazonas. The presence of both species of Bythonia in Venezuela represent the first occurrences of this genus north of the Equator. Comments on the relationships of the described species are made and two species groups are proposed. A checklist and key to the known species of the genus are provided.

Identificación de ectoparásitos en Oso melero (Tamandua tetradactyla), Estado Lara, Venezuela

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Forlano R, María; Mujica L, Franklin; Gallardo Y, Johanmary; Rodríguez L, José

2013-01-01

Objetivo. Identificar especies de ectoparásitos encontrados parasitando naturalmente un Oso melero, el cual fue encontrado muriendo en una vía cercana al pueblo de Bobare, estado Lara, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos. Al ingresar el animal a la sala de anatomía del DCV-UCLA para ser sometido a la técnica de taxidermia, se procedió a revisar a través de la palpación toda la superficie corporal del Oso, con la finalidad de tomar muestras de ectoparásitos presentes en el hospedador; los especíme...

Globalización, desigualdad y transmisión de las enfermedades tropicales en el Amazonas venezolano Globalization, inequality, and transmission of tropical diseases in the Venezuelan Amazon

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Carlos Botto-Abella

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La globalización económica ha acentuado la desigualdad y la vulnerabilidad a las enfermedades tropicales en todo el mundo. La población del Amazonas venezolano y particularmente la población indígena del interior del Estado es uno de los segmentos más desfavorecidos de las Américas a juzgar por los indicadores de salud. Las tasas de mortalidad infantil observadas en poblaciones indígenas en áreas remotas indican que han sido afectadas por la globalización de las enfermedades, pero no se han beneficiado de la globalización de la salud. Por otra parte, la globalización ha influido en las políticas públicas lo cual afectó la eficiencia de los programas de control de enfermedades tropicales en Amazonas. Un nuevo pacto mundial para el desarrollo sostenible de la aldea global es necesario, a través de la "globalización" de los valores y los derechos comunes de la humanidad. En Venezuela, nuevas políticas dirigidas hacia el subsector de salud indígena, más recursos y mayor autonomía de acción pueden ayudar a reducir las inequidades aquí descritas en el Amazonas venezolano.Economic globalization appears to be causing greater inequalities and increased vulnerability to tropical diseases around the world. The Venezuelan Amazon population, especially the rural indigenous population, displays among the worst health indicators in the Americas. High infant mortality rates in remote indigenous populations indicate that such communities have been affected by the globalization of disease, rather than favored by globalization of health. Globalization has also influenced public policies in the country, affecting the efficiency of control programs targeting tropical diseases. A new global pact for the sustainable development of the planet is needed, supported by the globalization of human values and rights. In Venezuela, new policies for the indigenous health sector, more resources, and greater autonomy could help reduce the inequities

Hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly in Venezuela.

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Torres, J; Noya, O; Mondolfi, A; Peceño, C; Botto, C

1988-07-01

A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey seeking hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly was carried out in isolated Yanomami hamlets in Amazonas Territory in Venezuela. All 110 inhabitants greater than 1 year of age were evaluated clinically and 98 were studied immunologically. The spleen index for individuals greater than 10 years of age was 44%. Only 3 patients had Plasmodium spp. on thick blood smears. All had serological evidence of infection with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Twenty-three patients were considered to show hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly. Clinical manifestations of the syndrome did not differ from those described in other parts of the world.

Pudrición basal del ají dulce por haematonectria haematococca en el estado mérida, venezuela

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Cedeño, Luis; Carrero, Chrystian; Jaimez, Ramón

2003-01-01

Se determinó Haematonectria haematococca (anamorfo Fusarium solani) como el agente causal de la enfermedad que en mayo 2002 pudrió el cuello y las raíces de aproximadamente 20000 plantas de ají dulce (Capsicum chinense), cultivadas bajo sombra de plantas de parchita (Passiflora edulis f. sp. flavicarpa) en el Municipio Alberto Adriani, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Posteriormente la enfermedad fue detectada en La Mucuy, Municipio Santos Marquina de Mérida. En el cuello de las plantas muertas, el ...

The paleozoic of Amazonas basin south edge: Tapajos river, Para state; O paleozoico da borda sul da bacia do Amazonas: rio Tapajos, estado do Para

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Matsuda, Nilo Siguehiko [Petrobras E e P, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Exploracao. Estratigrafia e Sedimentologia Geologia Aplicada a Exploracao], E-mail: nilo@petrobras.com.br; Winter, Wilson Rubem [Petrobras, Campoas dos Goytacases, RJ (Brazil). Exploracao. Sedimentologia e Estratigrafia], E-mail: winter@petrobras.com.br; Wanderley Filho, Joaquim Ribeiro; Cacela, Alessandra Suzely Moda [Petrobras, Manaus, AM (Brazil). Exploracao. Unidade de Operacoes de Exploracao e Producao da Amazonia], Emails: jwand@petrobras.com.br, alessandra.suzely@petrobras.com.br

2009-11-15

The intracratonic Amazonas Basin covers an area close to 500.000km{sup 2} shared between the Amazonas and Para states. The phanerozoic stratigraphic framework is up to 6.000m thick and may be subdivided into two, first order depositional sequences: the Paleozoic sequence, intruded by diabase dikes and sills and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sequence. Analyzing the stratigraphic framework, the great tectonic influence on the basin development can be appreciated. The mainly NW-SE structural directions of the basement, which mark the boundaries of the geochronological provinces of the Amazonas, are clearly identified along the Tapajos River. The Paleozoic sequence outcrops on the southern border of the Amazonas Basin embraces potential source rocks, reservoirs and seal rocks. They can be subdivided in three, second order sequences, limited by regional unconformities, as: the Ordovician/Devonian, which corresponds to the Pitinga lithostratigraphic formation; the Devonian-Tournaisian, which corresponds to the Maecuru, Erere, Barreirinha and Curiri formations and, the Pensylvanian-Permian that are represented by the Monte Alegre and Itaituba formations. This field trip guide presents these classic lithostratigraphic outcrop units, together with a brief sedimentological description and an analysis of their positioning related to sequence stratigraphical concepts. (author)

Las alianzas interempresariales en el estado de Mérida, Venezuela

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Marlene Peñaloza

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Frente a los retos de los mercados mundializados reaparecen las alianzas o acuerdos interempresariales, que son frecuentemente utilizados por empresas de gran tamaño aun cuando no excluye a las de pequeñas dimensiones. Esta investigación se desarrolló con el propósito de caracterizar las alianzas existentes entre las empresas del estado de Mérida, Venezuela. Para tal efecto, se aplicó un cuestionario a 228 propietarios/gerentes mediante entrevista personal y se contrastó una hipótesis de trabajo. El análisis de los resultados indica baja propensión a establecer alianzas, predominio de las alianzas de naturaleza vertical y en el área de marketing. Prevalecen las none equity alliances y las coaliciones como formas de cooperación. Las formas legales más utilizadas son el outsourcing y la franquicia. Entre los motivos para no aliarse resaltan la falta de confianza y el temor a perder independencia. Finalmente, se encontró una relación moderada entre tamaño relativo de la empresa y la conformación de alianzas.

LAS ORGANIZACIONES DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL EN LA REFORMA DEL ESTADO EN VENEZUELA: CASO DEL ESTADO ZULIA 1989-2000

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Gabriela Moran Leal

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A finales de la década de los 70 empieza a manifestarse en Venezuela la crisis del modelo de desarrollo, consistente en una grave situación económica, un gran déficit fiscal, problemas de gobernabilidad, así como elementos de fragmentación social, agudizados en la década de los 90 por los programas de estabilización económica. Por ello, desde 1984 se inicia el proceso de reforma del Estado, cuyos factores predominantes han sido la modernización política, la descentralización, la disminución del Estado social y los requerimientos de una mayor participación de la sociedad civil. Dentro del proceso de descentralización, iniciado en 1989, las gobernaciones promueven políticas de apoyo a las organizaciones de la economía social. El presente trabajo pretende caracterizar la política de la gobernación del estado Zulia dirigida a ese sector durante el periodo 1989-2000, a partir del enfoque de las políticas públicas, con una perspectiva crítico-descriptiva del proceso, por tratarse de una primera aproximación al objeto de estudio. Se construye un enfoque operativo sobre la definición de la economía social, su papel y su significación en los procesos de formulación económica y redefinición del Estado. Se avanza en la caracterización de las organizaciones estudiadas (microempresas, cooperativas y organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs, para luego puntualizar las estrategias políticas de los gobiernos. Se concluye, de manera parcial, en la descripción del proceso de formulación de políticas, donde ha predominado la visión utilitaria del sector, sin trascender los procesos organizativos reales que impulsen de manera significativa a estas organizaciones, para que impacten en la economía regional y nacional.

Seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en la población rural del estado Sucre, Venezuela

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Noris García-Jordán

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en el estado Sucre (Venezuela y su asociación con factores de riesgo epidemiológicos. El diseño muestral por conglomerados permitió seleccionar 96 centros poblados y 576 viviendas en los 15 municipios del estado. Asimismo, se evaluaron un total de 2.212 muestras de sueros, a través de las pruebas de ELISA, HAI e IFI. La seroprevalencia en el estado Sucre fue de 3,12%. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por T. cruzi fueron: deposición de basura, materiales predominantes en el piso y paredes, tipo de vivienda, vivir en casas con paredes de bahareque y/o techos de palmas, vivir en casa con paredes y techos de riesgo, construcciones de riesgo y anexos de bahareque, aves dentro de la vivienda y la presencia de leña. La infección se encontró asociada a la edad de los individuos, se detectaron tres casos seropositivos en menores de 15 años. En el estado Sucre existen variables epidemiológicas que favorecen el riesgo a contraer la infección por T. cruzi.

Destino ambiental dos agrot?xicos e avalia??o de risco ambiental e humano nos munic?pios de Manaus, Iranduba e Careiro da V?rzea, no Estado do Amazonas

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Campos, Paola Souto

2009-01-01

O plantio de frutas e hortali?as no Estado do Amazonas est? sendo realizado com intensivo uso de agrot?xicos. Esta utiliza??o abusiva e incorreta pode estar acarretando a contamina??o ambiental e tamb?m dos agricultores e consumidores das frutas e verduras produzidas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco para o ambiente e a sa?de humana associado ao uso de agrot?xico em ?reas agr?colas do munic?pio de Manaus, Iranduba e Careiro da V?rzea. Res?duos de agrot?xicos (deltame...

Colecta y rescate del conocimiento local de algodones nativos en las costas de los estados Falcón y Aragua, Venezuela

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Gutiérrez M, Margaret; Trujillo, Baltazar; Pérez, Delis; Márques, Alexis; Pacheco, William

2009-01-01

Con el objetivo de rescatar la variabilidad genética del género Gossypium en Venezuela, se realizaron dos expediciones de colecta en los estados Falcón (formaciones climásicas y sucesionales de espinares) y Aragua (zona costera). Fueron colectados 23 ejemplares nativos de crecimiento subespontáneo; para la clasificación botánica se utilizaron los descriptores color de planta y hoja, número de lóbulos, forma de las hojas, color de los pétalos, presencia de "Petal Spot" (mancha púrpura en la ba...

Beneficios fiscales de las sociedades cooperativas en Venezuela

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Ramírez A., Héctor M.

2013-01-01

En la última década (período 2000-2010) en Venezuela, el número de sociedades cooperativas ha aumentado notablemente. Esto debido al énfasis por parte del Estado en promover la creación de estas asociaciones inmersas en la economía social, otorgando a las mismas diversos beneficios fiscales. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar los beneficios fiscales de las sociedades cooperativas en Venezuela. Se concluye, que las cooperativas poseen varios beneficios fi...

Seroprevalencia de leptospirosis bovina en relación a los factores de riesgo en el Municipio Alberto Adriani estado Mérida, Venezuela

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Ramírez, Miguel; Rivera Pirela, Sergio E.

2009-01-01

Se recolectaron mediante punción de la vena yugular, muestras de sangre de 384 bovinos en 32 fincas productoras de leche, localizadas en El Vigía, municipio Alberto Adriani, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Se realizó la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (AM). De los 384 sueros, 231 (60,1%) resultaron positivos y 153 negativos (39,9%). El serovar hardjo estaba presente en el 40,78% y el hebdomadis en un 30,74% de los sueros positivos. Sesenta y dos sueros (26,83%) reaccionaron aisladamente al sero...

Pterocladiella caerulescens (Kützin Santelices & Hommersand (RHODOPHYTA, UNA NUEVA ADICIÓN PARA LA FLORA FICOLÓGICA DEL ESTADO NUEVA ESPARTA (VENEZUELA | Pterocladiella caerulescens (Kützin Santelices & Hommersand (RHODOPHYTA, A NEW ADDITION TO THE PHYCOLOGICAL FLORA OF NUEVA ESPARTA STATE (VENEZUELA

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Julio César Rodríguez Reyes,

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El alga rodofita, Pterocladiella caerulescens, ha sido poco estudiada en Venezuela, a pesar de que a nivel mundial se ha determinado su alto rendimiento en la producción de agar. En este trabajo, se describen las estructuras vegetativa y reproductiva (cistocarpo, tetrasporangio y espermatangio de una población de P. caerulescens ubicada en los sustratos rocosos de la zona intermareal de la bahía de Boca de Río, Isla de Margarita, durante el mes de noviembre 2013 a mayo de 2014. Doscientos ejemplares, formando agrupaciones cespitosas, fueron recolectados con estructuras de fijación, realizándose el desprendimiento con la ayuda de cuchillo y espátulas, preservándolas en solución de formaldehido al 4% v/v con agua de mar y almacenadas en frascos de vidrio. El análisis mediante microscopía óptica reveló en los ejemplares femeninos, la presencia de un cistocarpo solitario con una placenta unilocular en cuyo centro de la cavidad se dispone el carpogonio, lo que permitió la identificación de la especie como Pterocladiella caerulescens (Kützin Santelices & Hommersand, perteneciente a la familia Pterocladiaceae. Esta especie no había sido registrada en la zona marino-costera del estado Nueva Esparta, siendo identificado por primera vez en los estados Falcón y Carabobo, posteriormente en el estado Sucre, por lo que con este registro se amplía el área de distribución de la misma en Venezuela.

Estado nutricional en niños preescolares que asisten a un jardín de infancia público en Valencia, Venezuela

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del Real, Sara Irene; Sánchez Jaeger, Armando; Barón, María Adela; Díaz, Nayka; Solano, Liseti; Velásquez, Emma; López, Jesús

2007-01-01

RESUMEN: A fin de evaluar el estado nutricional en un grupo de preescolares que asisten a un jardín de infancia público en Valencia, Venezuela (2002), se indagó el estrato social, las variables antropométricas; peso, talla y circunferencia del brazo, la hemoglobina, el retinol sérico, la presencia de parasitosis y el consumo de alimentos, así como el nivel educativo materno. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 11.0 y las pruebas t de Student, ANOVA de una vía, Post Hoc de Bonferroni y Fisher ...

Estudio clínico-epidemiológico de enterobiasis en preescolares y escolares de Taratara, Estado Falcón, Venezuela

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CAZORLA, DALMIRO J; ACOSTA, MARÍA E; ZÁRRAGA, ANAVELÍN; MORALES, PEDRO

2006-01-01

Durante Julio y Noviembre 2004, se realizó un estudio para determinar los perfiles clínicos y epidemiológicos de enterobiasis en 100 preescolares (2-5 años) y escolares (6-12 años) de Taratara, Estado Falcón, Venezuela. Se hizo evaluación clínica y anamnesis para la búsqueda de signos y síntomas y conductas antihigiénicas de los niños que usualmente se encuentran asociados a enterobiasis. La detección de la infección por E. vermicularis se realizó mediante la aplicación de la técnica de la ci...

Estudio seroepidemiologico de la amibiasis en una comunidad del estado Zulia, Venezuela A seroepidemiological study of amebiasis in a community of Zulia State, Venezuela

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Leonor Chacin-Bonilla

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio seroepidemiologico de amibiasis en una comunidad de bajas condiciones socioeconómicas del Municipio Mara, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se estudiaron 283 individuos cuyas edades fluctuaron de 2 a 53 años. Se obtuvieron muestras de sueros, las cuales se examinaron con la prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta de KESSEL et al., según una modificación de MILGRAM et al. Se utilizó antígeno amibiano obtenido de cultivos axénicos de la raza HK9 de E. histolytica. La tasa de seropositividad obtenida fué de 46.6%; la mayoría de los reactores tenía títulos bajos y no presentaba signos de amibiasis. El porcentaje de seropositividad aumentó con la edad. Los resultados sugieren una alta endemicidad de la infección en esta comunidad, ocurriendo la transmisión con mucha mayor frecuencia que la amibiasis invasiva.In the present evaluation, a community of low socioeconomical conditions from Zulia State, Venezuela, was analyzed for the prevalence of antibodies to E. histolytica. Two hundred and eighty three serum samples were collected and examined by the indirect hemagglutination test according to a microtiter modification of the KESSEL and LEWIS method, as used by MILGRAM et al. Antigen prepared from axenically-grown. E. histolytica strain HK9 in Diamond's medium was used. The seropositivity rate obtained was 46.6% and the frequency of positive cases was dependent on age. The antibody profiles obtained suggest a high endemicity for this parasitic infection in the area studied, with a much higher level of transmission than invasive amebiasis.

Lymnaea columella: two new Brazilian localities in the states of Amazonas and Bahia

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W. Lobato Paraense

1986-03-01

Full Text Available The occurrence of Lymnaea columella is recorded in Tefé, Amazonas state, where it was found together with Drepanotrema anatinum, Physa marmorata and pomacea sp. L. columella was also collected in Salvador, Bahia state, at the dique do Tororó, an urban lake formely mentioned (as "lac Baril" by Moricand (1853 as a breeding-place of Biomphalaria glabrata, Drepanotrema cimex, D. depressissimum, Pomacea lineata, P. decussata and Ancylus moricandi. The four first-mentioned species, as well as physa cubensis and Hemisinus brasiliensis, were also collected now. This is the first record of a lymnaeid in the Northeastern region of Brazil.É registrada a ocorrência de Lymnaea columella em Tefé, Estado do Amazonas, onde foi encontrada juntamente com Physa marmorata e Pomacea sp. L. columella foi também coletada em Salvador, Estado da Bahia, no Dique do Tororó, lago urbano antes mencionado por Moricand (1853 como criadouro de Biomphalaria glabrata, Drepanotrema cimex, D. depressissimum, Pomacea lineata, P. decussata e Ancylus moricandi. As quatro primeiras espécies mencionadas, assim como Physa cubensis e Hemisinus brasiliensis, também foram agora coletadas. Este é o primeiro registro de um limneídeo na região Nordeste do Brasil

Retórica vs. Comportamiento en las relaciones comerciales. Un análisis de las relaciones de Venezuela hacia Estados Unidos. Periodo 2007-2012

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Osorio Quevedo, Alejandra

2015-01-01

El objetivo de esta monografía es analizar la incongruencia entre la retórica antiestadounidense empleada por Hugo Chávez durante su segundo mandato presidencial y las relaciones comerciales entre Venezuela y Estados Unidos, caracterizadas por la continua y considerable exportación de crudo venezolano. Por consiguiente, tras una descripción del discurso y de la política exterior del entonces mandatario, aunada a la exposición de estadísticas del comercio bilateral de crudo venezolano; se estu...

Cumplimiento de las promesas en el marco de la calidad del servicio de alojamiento turístico del estado Mérida, Venezuela. Compliance with the promises related to the quality of the Merida state tourist accommodation service, Venezuela.

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Díaz Pérez, Flora María; Morillo Moreno, Marysela Coromoto

2017-01-01

ResumenLa actividad turística, pese a esfuerzos realizados, no es actualmente un sector relevante en Venezuela, sin embargo, constituye una alternativa para el desarrollo económico. El estudio de la competitividad del sector turístico venezolano es pertinente, donde la calidad y los servicios de alojamiento son componentes fundamentales. En este trabajo se determinó si se da el cumplimiento de las promesas sobre el servicio por parte de los proveedores de alojamiento turístico del estado Méri...

EXPLICITAÇÃO DOS DISCURSOS DE CRIMES COM SUSPEITA DE MOTIVAÇÃO HOMOFÓBICA EM JORNAIS DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS

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Isaac Guidão Toscano

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Objetiva-se analisar os discursos sobre homicídios a pessoas não heterossexuais, noticiados nos Estado do amazonas no período de 2010 á 2012. A pesquisa ancorou-se no método de análise do discurso a partir da arqueogenealogia foucaultiana em diálogo com a produção de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros filiados à Teoria Queer.  Evidenciou-se a propalação do discurso jornalístico presente nos crimes suspeitos de motivação homofóbica através dos jornais: A crítica e Diário 24 horas, em versões impressas e on line. Dentre os resultados destaca-se a sutil reiteração de enunciados estigmatizantes das sexualidades não heterossexuais, tais como a repatologização e a moralização da conduta sexual presentes no discurso dos jornais amazonenses. Evidenciam-se ainda, as estratégias jornalísticas de reiteração de verdades dos seres abjetos à heteronormatividade.

Situación epidemiologica de la malaria en Venezuela: Año 2009

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Cáceres G, José Luis

2010-01-01

La malaria es la enfermedad parasitaria tropical más importante en el mundo, y la enfermedad contagiosa que más muertes causa a excepción de la tuberculosis. En el año 2009 en Venezuela fueron diagnosticados 36.448 casos, 35.725 originados en el país y 723 importados del exterior, lo cual representó un aumento en la transmisión de 11,5 % (3.688) casos, respecto al registro de 2008, terminando en situación de "alarma" dentro del área de la curva de casos de la enfermedad. Bolívar, Amazonas, An...

Las manifestaciones del poder constituyente y el poder constituido en la construcción de consejos comunales en el Estado Táchira, Venezuela (2005 - 2012)

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Ito Cerón, Juan Camilo

2014-01-01

La presente monografía busca proveer elementos de análisis acerca del proceso de construcción de consejos comunales que ha tenido lugar en la Venezuela contemporánea. Por sus rasgos diferenciadores y llamativos, el caso particular escogido es el del Estado Táchira. El trabajo se enfocará en las características y modos de operación de los actores que ostentan un rol preponderante en el proceso. De igual modo, se recurrirá a los planteamientos teóricos fundamentales de Antonio Negri en lo relac...

Mortalidad de vertebrados en la carretera Guanare-Guanarito, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela

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Andrés Eloy Seijas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Uno de los aspectos más investigados en relación a la “ecología de la carretera” es el atropellamiento de vertebrados silvestres. Se evaluó la distribución espacial y temporal de los atropellos de vertebrados en la carretera Guanare-Guanarito, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. Desde 2008 hasta el 2010 se realizaron 26 viajes en carro a lo largo de 74km, a 50-60km/h, para un total recorrido de 1 924km. Se encontraron 464 animales muertos: 66 aves (25 especies, 130 mamíferos (15 especies y 268 reptiles (18 especies. La serpiente Leptodeira annulata (n=119, el rabipelado Didelphis marsupialis (n=39 y la baba Caiman crocodilus (n=33 fueron las especies con mayor frecuencia de atropellos. Excluyendo a los animales domésticos, se localizaron 0.2282indviv./km; cifra 28.30% mayor que la reportada en estudios previos en la misma vía. Los cambios en la frecuencia relativa de atropellos de algunas especies con respecto a los reportados hace 20 años, se relacionan con el incremento en el flujo vehicular y por modificaciones en el uso de la tierra. Se identificaron segmentos donde el número de individuos atropellados supera al esperado por azar. Los atropellos pudieran ser la principal causa de mortalidad para especies como el oso melero (Tamandua tetradactyla y el oso hormiguero (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, esta última considerada como una especie vulnerable. Se recomiendan algunas medidas básicas para disminuir la mortalidad de fauna en la carretera.

La relación Estado-sociedad civil a través de las estructuras de los gobiernos descentralizados de Venezuela

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Carlos Enrique Mascareu00F1o Quintana

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo contiene una aproximación a la dinámica de la relación entre la sociedad civil y el Estado descentralizado en las entidades federales y municipios en Venezuela. La hipótesis central que se maneja es la de que a partir del inicio del proceso de descentralización en 1990, han proliferado grupos civiles organizados alrededor de asuntos públicos como salud, vivienda, educación, vecinales o programas sociales, asociados al desarrollo de competencias ejecutadas por gobernaciones y alcaldías y que la relación que se establece con estas estructuras de gobierno territorial, aún es precaria toda vez que su desempeño depende más de la iniciativa de los gobiernos que de la autonomía del espacio civil. El documento resalta la importancia de esta reciente realidad, enmarcada en las tendencias de complejización de los procesos sociales y de la diferenciación funcional creciente que obliga a la existencia de esferas públicas, más allá del Estado. En esta perspectiva, los procesos de descentralización ofrecen un terreno fértil para ampliar los espacios civiles, siempre y cuando se puedan atenuar los marcados signos movilizadores y clientelares del Estado patrimonialista y dar paso a una creciente institucionalización de la actuación de los grupos civiles en los territorios.

Phylogeny of Amazona barbadensis and the Yellow-headed Amazon complex (Aves: Psittacidae): a new look at South American parrot evolution.

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Urantówka, Adam Dawid; Mackiewicz, Paweł; Strzała, Tomasz

2014-01-01

The Yellow-shouldered Amazon (Amazona barbadensis) is the sole parrot of the genus Amazona that inhabits only dry forests. Its population has been dropping; therefore it has been the topic of many studies and conservation efforts. However, the phylogenetic relationship of this species to potential relatives classified within the Yellow-Headed Amazon (YHA) complex are still not clear. Therefore, we used more extensive data sets, including the newly sequenced mitochondrial genome of A. barbadensis, to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Various combinations of genes and many phylogenetic approaches showed that A. barbadensis clustered significantly with A. ochrocephala ochrocephala from Colombia and Venezuela, which created the Northern South American (NSA) lineage, clearly separated from two other lineages within the YHA complex, the Central (CA) and South American (SA). Tree topology tests and exclusion of rapidly evolving sites provided support for a NSA+SA grouping. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the YHA complex and its colonization of the American mainland. The NSA lineage likely represents the most ancestral lineage, which derived from Lesser Antillean Amazons and colonized the northern coast of Venezuela about a million years ago. Then, Central America was colonized through the Isthmus of Panama, which led to the emergence of the CA lineage. The southward expansion to South America and the origin of the SA lineage happened almost simultaneously. However, more intensive or prolonged gene flow or migrations have led to much weaker geographic differentiation of genetic markers in the SA than in the CA lineage.

Scorpionism due to Tityus neoespartanus (Scorpiones, Buthidae in Margarita Island, northeastern Venezuela Escorpionismo por Tityus neoespartanus (Scorpiones, Buthidae na Ilha de Margarita, Nordeste da Venezuela

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Leonardo De Sousa

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The first two cases of scorpion envenoming caused by Tityus neoespartanus (Buthidae are described. The accidents took place within human environments (one inside a home and the other inside a school, in the village of La Sierra, Margarita Island, State of Nueva Esparta, northeastern Venezuela. Both cases were moderately severe and developed pancreatic involvement and electrocardiographic abnormalities. This report allows inclusion of Margarita Island among the endemic areas of scorpionism in Venezuela.Descrevem se os dois primeiros casos de escorpionismo por Tityus neoespartanus (Scorpiones, Buthidae. Os acidentes ocorreram no ambiente antrópico (um no domicilio e outro na escola na aldeia de La Sierra, Ilha de Margarita, Estado de Nueva Esparta, nordeste da Venezuela. Os dois acidentes, moderadamente graves, cursaram com acometimento pancreático e alterações eletrocardiografias. Este reporte permite incluir à Ilha de Margarita entre as áreas endêmicas de escorpionismo na Venezuela.

DEL PENSAMIENTO FILOSÓFICO SOBRE LAS LIBERTADESA LA COACCIÓN Y CONDICIONAMIENTO DE LAS LIBERTADESY DERECHOS POLÍTICOS: CASO VENEZUELA

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Carol, Herrera

2016-01-01

El catálogo de derechos sociales, civiles y políticos en Venezuela ha estado signado por la progresividad, desde las disposiciones filosóficas planteadas en el Supremo Congreso de Venezuela del año 1811. Con base en el pensamiento filosófico sobre las libertades se analizan los antecedentes de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1999 y los principios filosóficos, sociales e históricos que determinaron la"Democracia participativa y protagónica" y"Estado social de derecho y justicia" presente...

Distribuição e impacto da sigatoka-negra na bananicultura do estado do Acre

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Cavalcante, Maria de Jesus B.; Sá, Claudenor P. de; Gomes, Francisco C. da Rocha; Gondim, Tarcísio M. de Souza; Cordeiro, Zilton J. M.; Hessel, Jorge L.

2004-01-01

A sigatoka-negra (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) é a doença de maior severidade que afeta as cultivares de banana (Musa spp.) de importância econômica no mundo. Foi constatada no Brasil em 1998, no Estado do Amazonas, e tem se disseminado pelo Estado do Acre, atacando severamente as cultivares do Subgrupo Terra (AAB). Realizou-se um diagnóstico da sigatoka-negra e dos impactos econômicos causados por esta doença nos municípios do Estado do Acre. Foram visitados plantios em 16 municípios e amostras...

Estudo fitoqu?mico e biol?gico de guatteria citriodora ducke

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Rabelo, Diego de Moura

2008-01-01

A Guatteria citriodora Ducke ? uma esp?cie amaz?nica da fam?lia Annonaceae, conhecida popularmente como envira-amarela ou laranjinha, a qual ocorre em floresta pluvial de terra firme com distribui??o nos estados do Amazonas e Par?, bem como nas Guianas, Suriname, Bol?via, Equador, Col?mbia, Peru e Venezuela. O estudo fitoqu?mico da casca do caule dessa planta resultou no isolamento de tr?s alcal?ides oxoaporf?nicos, O-metilmoshatolina, liriodenina e oxoputerina, essas subst?ncias foram previa...

SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN BAJO SOFTWARE LIBRE PARA LA RED INALÁMBRICA NO LICENCIADA DEL ESTADO MÉRIDA, VENEZUELA: PARTE I

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Histerlee Adim Ramírez Pérez

2016-09-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se implementa un sistema para gestionar la Red Inalámbrica Socialista del Estado Mérida (RISEM, Venezuela, la cual presta el servicio a 14 municipios de los 23 que posee el dicho estado. RISEM permite a las diferentes comunidades contar con acceso a Internet de manera gratuita, lográndose llevar el servicio a lugares donde no llegan las empresas comerciales prestadoras del dicho servicio. Debido a la diversidad de la topografía merideña, se hace necesario un sistema que permita gestionar algunos de los parámetros en cada repetidor, con el fin de realizar los mantenimientos correctivos y predictivos en los dispositivos de cada nodo, reduciendo las fallas producidas por tráfico indeseado, saturación de los equipos, entre otros. El sistema de gestión cuenta con algunas de las herramientas de software libre para el análisis y monitoreo de servicios, comportamiento y carga de los proceso de los equipos, con la ventaja de acceder, según sea el caso que se presente, de manera remota al repetidor y realizar las correcciones pertinentes en el mismo.

La ilegítima mutación de la Constitución por el juez constitucional y la demolición del estado de derecho en Venezuela

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Allan R Brewer-Carías

2009-01-01

Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar algunas de las ilegítimas mutaciones constitucionales efectuadas por la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela, al decidir recursos autónomos de interpretación constitucional que han sido interpuestos por el Poder Ejecutivo, y que han trastocado los cimientos del Estado de derecho. Un recurso judicial como el de interpretación abstracta de la Constitución, creado por la Sala Constitucional sin soporte en la Constitución, en ma...

Predation of Apiomerus pilipes (Fabricius (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Apiomerini over Meliponinae bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Alexandre Coletto da Silva

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The present work shows the occurrence of an intense predatory activity on adults working Meliponinae bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, by Apiomerus pilipes (Fabricius, 1787 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Apiomerini at a meliponary in the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil.O presente trabalho registra a ocorrência de intensa atividade predatória de Apiomerus pilipes (Fabricius, 1787 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorini, Apiomerini sobre operárias adultas de meliponíneos (Hymenoptera, Apidae, no meliponário experimental do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. O meliponário se encontra num fragmento de vegetação secundária no próprio INPA.

Acepciones de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado

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María Eugenia Soto

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del artículo consiste en determinar las acepciones de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado previstas en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela de 1999. La metodología utilizada es la investigación documental, sustentada en el método analítico y la técnica del análisis de contenido. Las fuentes para la recolección de información atienden a tres ámbitos: constitucional, doctrinal y jurisprudencial. Se concluye que la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado es un sistema de acepciones entendido como valor superior, principio general del derecho público, deber constitucional del Estado en ejercicio de cualquier función pública, derecho subjetivo público de fuerza, rango o valor constitucional, garantía constitucional perteneciente al particular o administrado,integrante de cualquier sociedad democrática y de justicia, para exigir por vía administrativa o jurisdiccional la indemnización de daños y perjuicios, materiales y morales, causados en su situación jurídica -derecho subjetivo e interés legítimo o interés jurídico actual- o en sus bienes muebles o inmuebles imputables al funcionamiento, normal o anormal, de los entes y órganos del Estado.El Tribunal Supremo de Justicia en Sala Político-Administrativa establece una doctrina jurisprudencial iuspublicista sobre las acepciones de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado. El calificativo iuspublicista obedece a la circunstancia de que la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela de 1999 constituye el instrumento normativo contentivo de las determinadas acepciones o significados.

Diagnóstico da realidade nutricional no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. I - hipovitaminose A

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ALENCAR,Fernando Hélio; CASTRO,Janete Seixas; YUYAMA,Lúcia Kioko O.; MARINHO,Helyde Albuquerque; NAGAHAMA,Dionísia

2002-01-01

Procedeu-se uma revisão de toda produção científica do Amazonas, da área da nutrição nas últimas décadas. A análise deste material, consubstanciada com as últimas pesquisas realizadas pelo grupo da Nutrição do INPA viabilizou a composição do diagnóstico da hipovitaminose A na região Amazônica. A investigação clínico-oftalmológica, envolveu 487 crianças de 2 a 5 anos, de ambos os ...

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de enterobiasis en niños escolarizados de una zona rural del estado falcón, Venezuela

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PERFETTI, DALMIRO CAZORLA; ACOSTA-QUINTERO, MARÍA; MORALES-MORENO, PEDRO

2016-01-01

El entero-helminto Enterobius vermicularis es el agente causal de la enterobiasis u oxiuriasis, la cual se encuentra con mayor prevalencia en niños. Se realizó un estudio para determinar la prevalencia y los parámetros clínicos y epidemiológicos de la enterobiasis en niños escolarizados de la población rural El Paso Acurigua, estado Falcón, Venezuela. El estudio de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, se llevó a cabo entre noviembre 2006 y abril de 2007, en un total de 82 niños. Para ...

Patrones de coocurrencia y conducta alimentaria a escala local de Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae del estado Falcón, Venezuela

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Dalmiro J. Cazorla

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Los flebotominos son transmisores de los protozoarios parásitos del genero Leishmania, agentes causales de las leishmaniasis en humanos y otros mamíferos. Mediante modelos nulos, se estudio la estructura de las comunidades flebotominas en focos endémicos de leishmaniasis del estado Falcón, en el nor-occidente de Venezuela, a una escala reducida o local: en el domicilio, peridomicilio y el área silvestre de una zona de vida o en una localidad en particular. La aplicación de los modelos nulos reveló que a escala local las comunidades flebotominas se encuentran agregadas, sugiriendo que las especies coexisten y no compiten. Los estudios de co-ocurrencia con el análisis de estructura gremial y la prueba de la hipótesis de los estados favorecido mostró que los resultados obtenidos no son estadísticamente significativos (p> 0.05, lo que sugiere que las especies flebotominas pertenecen a un mismo gremio en sus preferencias alimentarias, lo que podría deberse a que la hematofagia se trata de un evento heterogéneo, circunstancial y oportunista. Se discuten aspectos sobre los posibles factores, como por ejemplo la transformación y homogenización de los hábitats por el impacto sinantrópico, que pudieran estar determinando el ensamble de los flebotominos en la región falconiana.

Epidemiological aspects of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela Aspectos epidemiológicos de la leishmaniasis visceral humana y canina en Venezuela

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Olga Zerpa

2003-04-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To report recent data on the distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL in Venezuela, and to highlight problems associated with effective control measures. METHODS: We report the number of cases, incidence rate, age and sex distribution, and mortality rates for human VL (HVL for the period of 1995 through 2000, based on National Registry of Leishmaniasis data. We carried out serological studies on a total of 3 025 domestic dogs from the 12 states in Venezuela reporting cases of human VL in this 1995-2000 period and also from the state of Yaracuy, where cases were reported earlier during the decade of the 1990s. RESULTS: From 1995 through 2000, 242 cases of HVL were reported from 12 states, in various sections of Venezuela. There was a relatively stable national incidence rate of 0.2 cases per 100 000 persons per year. Of the 242 cases, 26.0% were from Margarita Island, one of the three islands that make up the state of Nueva Esparta (Margarita Island was the only one of the Nueva Esparta islands that had HVL cases. Over the 1995-2000 period, the annual incidence rates for Nueva Esparta ranged from 1.7 to 3.8 cases per 100000 population. Males in Venezuela were more frequently affected (59.5% than were females (40.5%. In terms of age, 67.7% of the VL patients were OBJETIVOS: Dar a conocer datos recientes acerca de la distribución de la leishmaniasis visceral (LV humana y canina en Venezuela y resaltar los problemas que se asocian con la aplicación de buenas medidas de control. MÉTODOS: Damos a conocer el número de casos, la tasa de incidencia, la distribución por edad y sexo y las tasas de mortalidad de la LV humana (LVH durante el período de 1995 a 2000, según datos obtenidos del Registro Nacional de Leishmaniasis. Llevamos a cabo pruebas serológicas en un total de 3 025 perros domésticos de los 12 estados de Venezuela que notificaron casos de LV en este período, y también de Yaracuy, donde se notificaron

Lepra en Venezuela 1978 - 1997

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Merkl A., Federico

2002-01-01

El programa de lepra en Venezuela describe a 8 859 pacientes diagnosticados y tratados entre 1978 y 1997. Debido a características propias de la patología se presume que no todos los enfermos son captados y se aplica una metodología para estimar la "prevalencia real" de la enfermedad. Encontramos que su distribución es desigual en el país y que a pesar de haberse alcanzado el criterio de eliminación a nivel nacional, el problema persiste en un grupo de sus estados. The program of leprosy i...

Del pensamiento filosófico sobre las libertades a la coacción y condicionamiento de las libertades y derechos políticos: caso Venezuela

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Carol Herrera

2016-01-01

El catálogo de derechos sociales, civiles y políticos en Venezuela ha estado signado por la progresividad, desde las disposiciones losócas planteadas en el Supremo Congreso de Venezuela del año 1811. Con base en el pensamiento filosófico sobre las libertades se analizan los antecedentes de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1999 y los principios losócos, sociales e históricos que determinaron la “Democracia participativa y protagónica” y “Estado social de derecho y justicia” presentes en l...

Propagação in vitro de tucumã do Amazonas In vitro propagation of Astrocarium aculeatum

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Paulo Hercílio Viegas Rodrigues

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O gênero Astrocaryum possui um grande número de espécies com potencial alimentício e produtoras de óleos. A espécie mais utilizada, o tucumã do Amazonas, é consumida em larga escala nos estados da região norte do Brasil e originado do extrativismo vegetal. Embriões zigóticos de sementes maduras e imaturas de tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey foram inoculados em meio de cultivo semi-sólido de Murashige e Skoog (MS suplementado com vitaminas. Os embriões sobreviventes foram transferidos para o mesmo meio MS suplementado com 0,0; 1,0; 3,0 e 5,0mg L-1 de BAP, obtendo-se taxa crescente de brotação, sendo as mais eficientes as doses de 3,0 a 5,0mg L-1There is a large number of species within the genus Astrocaryum with the potential for use as food and for oil production. The most used species, tucumã do Amazonas, is consumed on a large scale in the States in the northern region of Brazil, originating from extractivism. Zygotic embryos of mature and immature tucumã do Amazonas (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. seeds were inoculated in a semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS culture medium supplemented with vitamins. The surviving embryos were transferred to the same MS medium supplemented with 0.0; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0mg L-1 of BAP, obtaining an increasing rate of shoot formation.

Crédito de instituciones públicas municipales y regionales a las microempresas y empresas de la economía solidaria del Estado Zulia, Venezuela Periodo 2000-2009

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María Isabel Serrano Montiel

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Se analiza el financiamiento otorgado por las instituciones públicas municipales y regionales a las microempresas y empresas de la economía solidaria del Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Con información suministrada de las instituciones incluidas en el estudio (y Corpozulia, se examinan las condiciones del financiamiento, la cobertura geográfica de los créditos, las actividades económicas financiadas y la condición sociodemográfica de los beneficiarios. Para ello se utilizó estadística descriptiva, lo que hace que el estudio sea de carácter no experimental. Se concluye que las instituciones antes mencionadas se ajustan a lo que establece la Ley de Microfinanzas en lo relacionado a la cobertura en la extensión territorial del Estado Zulia. En su gran mayoría, los créditos fueron otorgados a mujeres, los jóvenes han sido los menos beneficiados.

Diseño de un procedimiento para el control de gestión en la Aldea Universitaria “José Martí” de Cumaná. Estado Sucre. Venezuela.

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Isis Neisy Ramos Acevedo

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La Universidad es un bien público que beneficia a la sociedad en su conjunto, y le concierne en gran medida fomentar los cambios y reaccionar ante los nuevos acontecimientos. Como parte de este perfeccionamiento, son detectables un grupo de problemas que exigen la búsqueda de soluciones relacionadas con la gestión universitaria, y que deben estar acordes a las exigencias de la “Misión Sucre” para poder enfrentar los retos actuales y futuros de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Para lograrlo se debe fortalecer el control de gestión y garantizar la dirección eficiente y eficaz de su administración. El principal resultado de esta investigación es el diseño de un procedimiento para el control de gestión que contribuya al alineamiento estratégico en la Aldea Universitaria “José Martí“ de Cumaná en el Estado Sucre en Venezuela y le brinde un cuadro de indicadores que muestren en que medida se logran las metas asociadas a cada proceso.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dos acidentes ofídicos ocorridos nos municípios do Estado do Amazonas Epidemiological and clinical aspects of snake accidentes in the municipalities of the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Célio Campos Borges

1999-12-01

Full Text Available No Amazonas, o acidente ofídico é um problema de saúde pública pouco conhecido. Por este motivo, foi realizado um estudo descritivo dos acidentes ofídicos atendidos nas Unidades de Saúde de 34 municípios, um distrito e dois pelotões de fronteira do Estado do Amazonas. As características mais comuns encontradas dentre os pacientes foram: agricultor (50,4%, do sexo masculino (81,3%, em idade produtiva (72,1%, picado no membro inferior (88,5%, por jararaca (48,6% ou surucucu (46,8%, na zona rural de seu município (70,2% e que só recebeu atendimento médico em tempo superior a seis horas, após acidente (57,3%. As manifestações locais mais freqüentes foram: edema (76,9%, dor (68,7%, eritema (10,2% e hemorragia (9,3%. Hemorragia (18,8% foi a manifestação sistêmica mais freqüente. O antiveneno foi administrado em apenas 65,9% dos pacientes. A via mais utilizada foi a endovenosa (52,3%, sendo relevante o uso de vias não mais recomendadas (47,7%. O antiveneno administrado, na maioria dos pacientes, foi o antibotrópico (66,7%. As complicações mais freqüentes foram abcesso (13,7%, necrose (12,3%, infecção secundária (8,3%, insuficiência renal (2,5% e gangrena (2,5%. Os procedimentos médicos mais usados para o tratamento das complicações foram: drenagem (52,6%, debridamento (28,9%, amputação (10,5%, limpeza cirúrgica (5,3% e diálise peritoneal (2,6%. A letalidade foi de 1%.In the State of Amazonas, accidents with snakes are a public health problem. For this reasons, the objective of this work was to carry out a descriptive study of the snake accidents attended in the health units of 34 municipalities, one district and two border platoons in the State of Amazonas. The characteristics most commonly observed among those involved in snake accidents were: farmers (50.4%, male (81.3%, belonging to the working age-group (72.1%, bitten on an upper limb (88.5% by a "jararaca" (48.6% or a "surucucu" (46.8% in the rural part of the

Perfil nosológico de centro de referência em dermatologia no estado do Amazonas - Brasil Nosological profile in a dermatology referral center in the state of Amazonas -Brazil

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Adriana Andrade Raposo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: As doenças de pele estão associadas a alta morbidade, baixa mortalidade e baixa proporção de hospitalização. Entretanto, podem causar considerável interferência no bem-estar físico e emocional do indivíduo. Várias delas atingem grandes contingentes populacionais, havendo necessidade de intervenções específicas para seu controle. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência das dermatoses diagnosticadas em serviço de dermatologia na cidade de Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas. MÉTODOS: Coletaram-se dados registrados sobre sexo, idade, procedência e diagnósticos referentes à primeira consulta dos pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2007. RESULTADOS: Das 56.024 consultas registradas, obtiveram-se 56.720 diagnósticos dermatológicos, sendo mais comuns as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (25,12%, as dermatoses alérgicas (14,03%, as dermatoses não especificadas (13,01%, a hanseníase (6,34% e acne, seborreia e afins (5,05%. A frequência foi semelhante para ambos os sexos, a faixa etária de 20-29 anos foi predominante e Manaus foi a procedência mais referida. CONCLUSÕES: O padrão das doenças cutâneas identificadas neste estudo pode servir como linha de base para que gestores do sistema de saúde da região desenvolvam estratégias de prevenção e controle das dermatoses mais comuns, com ênfase nas doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, doenças cutâneas alérgicas, hanseníase e acneBACKGROUNDS: Fundaments: Skin diseases are associated wih high morbidity, low mortality and low rate of hospitalization. However, they can cause considerable interference in physical and emotional well-being of the individual. Several of them reach large population, requiring specific interventions for their control. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of skin disease diagnosed in the dermatology service in Manaus, capital of Amazonas State. METHODS: We collected data on registered sex, age, origin and

The environmental and social impact of electric energy generation in villages and states of the interior of Amazonas state, Brazil; O impacto socio-ambiental da geracao de energia eletrica nas vilas e municipios do interior do estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos

2004-07-01

The interior of the State of Amazonas is nowadays socio and economically stagnant in consequence of various structural problems. The lack of a reliable source of electricity in these areas is one of these problems, and it has been causing several environment and social problems for the local population. To show, in a historic context, the consequences of this scenario to the country side of the State of Amazonas, is the goal of this article. (author)

La calidad de vida urbana en Venezuela

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Camargo Mora, María Gabriela

2014-01-01

En las últimas décadas Venezuela se ha caracterizado por un crecimiento alto que supera el 3% interanual, el cual al ser extrapolado al año 2005, refleja una tendencia a situarse alrededor del 2%, catalogado como crecimiento moderado, que de seguir a este ritmo de crecimiento la población tiende a quintuplicarse en la segunda mitad del siglo XX (Camargo, M., 1996). Dicho crecimiento poblacional ha estado acompañado de cambios en la distribución de la población, como resulta ser la concentraci...

Estados Unidos y Venezuela: Una relación necesaria.

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Carlos Romero.

2002-09-01

Full Text Available The author identifies Hugo Chavez's electoral victory and the implementation of a new type of democracy as two factors that transformed Venezuelan foreign policy, and in particular, the bilateral relationship with the United States. Chavez's international activism, in addition to his Bolivarian policy signaled a shift from "safe partner" to "partner with reservations" in the country's relations with Washington. Although Venezuela considered itself a Latin American showcase in previous years, the text argues that Chavez's populist tendencies, his critical posture towards the promotion of democracy and human rights, and his supposed links with Colombian guerrillas has led to a "wait-and-see" policy characterized by high levels of caution on the part of the United States.

Estado actual de la Colección de Palmas (Arecaceae) del Herbario Nacional de Venezuela (VEN)

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Espinoza Flores, Yaroslavi

2014-01-01

The National Herbarium of Venezuela (VEN) has the largest collection of botanical specimens in the country,thus being the main source of reference for the flora of Venezuela. It also hosts a large number of specimensfrom other countries in the Neotropical region. The VEN contains approximately 400 000 specimens currentlyregistered in the herbarium’s database, of which 2192 form the palm (Arecaceae) collection that encompasses35 genera (including 5 foreign genera) and 127 specific and infraspe...

Mitos fundantes en la fuerza espiritual de los warao de Venezuela / Mitos de origem na espiritualidade dos warao da Venezuela

OpenAIRE

GONZÁLEZ-MUÑOZ, Jenny; Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez - Universidad Latinoamericana y del Caribe.

2014-01-01

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación es parte del producto de una exhaustiva investigación realizada por la autora y un grupo de colegas, concretamente con el pueblo warao de comunidades ubicadas en el municipio Antonio Díaz, estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, con el objetivo de recopilar una serie de mitos de origen desde los propios actores sociales para intentar conocer si para el momento, es decir, finales de la primera década del siglo XXI, aún se contaban ante los miembros del pueblo...

Characterization of the family health strategy in Amazonas state, Brazil: an analysis of implementation and impact

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Oliveira, Hadelândia Milon de; Gonçalves, Maria Jacirema Ferreira; Pires, Rodrigo Otávio Moretti

2011-01-01

Este artigo aborda a implantação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) em municípios do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, analisando indicadores de cobertura populacional potencial, indícios de mudança do modelo assistencial e indício de impacto (2004 e 2008). A classificação de implantação foi intermediária e insatisfatória. Os resultados mostram aumento no número de municípios com PSF implantado, assim como na cobertura do programa, porém ainda abaixo de 50% da cobertura populacional. Para a dimensã...

LESIONES CUTANEAS PARASITARIAS EN EL ASNO EQUUS ASINUS DE CHORONI, ESTADO ARAGUA, VENEZUELA

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Morales, Abelardo; Garcia, Francisco; Rossini, Mario

2010-01-01

Three donkeys (Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758), two males and a female sex, between 5-8 years of old, in athletic shape, in Choroni, Aragua, Venezuela were examined. Clinical examination evidenced hirsute hair and moderate body condition. Nodular dermatitis like skin lesions showed crusted erythemat...

Perú y Venezuela: desempeño económico e instituciones

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Alberto Martínez C.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En 1989 Venezuela implementó un programa de reformas para fortalecer el papel del mercado en la asignación de los recursos y disminuir la intervención del Estado y un año después Perú hizo otro tanto. Sin embargo, Perú creció a una tasa de 6,3 por ciento en las siguientes dos décadas, mientras que Venezuela lo hizo al 3,1 por ciento. El objetivo de este trabajo es indagar, mediante una investigación documental, las causas que explican ese resultado. La principal conclusión es que el marco institucional es un elemento fundamental para explicar el desempeño económico de estos dos países

del Estado Aragua

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Joselys Cintia Zerpa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Diagnostica la situación actual de los bienes que conforman al patrimonio histórico-cultural del Municipio Zamora, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. La Investigación es descriptiva y de campo, comprendió la elaboración de un inventario de los bienes inmuebles, festividades religiosas y manifestaciones artesanales del municipio. Se estudiaron la condición física y uso actual de estos bienes y los planes y proyectos existentes. Analizó el marco normativo que los rige. Se obtuvo la opinión de los representantes de organismos públicos relacionados con la actividad turística del Municipio, de los visitantes, cronistas e historiadores. Aportes: La mayoría de los bienes se encuentran en buen estado de conservación, Las manifestaciones culturales, festividades y la artesanía se desarrollan periódicamente pero no son aprovechadas turísticamente, Se determinó que existe un marco normativo para tales bienes y No existen propuestas actuales referentes a estos bienes. Se reflejó el interés de los sectores institucional y privado para la incorporación de estos bienes a la oferta turística del Municipio y del Estado

Cooperación inter-empresarial como estrategia competitiva de las PYME del estado Mérida (Venezuela

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Marlene Peñaloza

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La importancia de las estrategias cooperativas en la competitividad de las empresas es creciente. El propósito del artículo es analizar la cooperación inter-empresarial como estrategia competitiva de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME del estado Mérida - Venezuela, examinando factores que influyen en la misma, como tamaño de la empresa, nivel educativo del gerente, innovación y posición competitiva. Al efecto, se plantearon 4 hipótesis de trabajo. La población en estudio fue de 18.994 empresas. El diseño muestral utilizado es el muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijacion proporcional por costos, con un error de estimación del ±5,7% y un nivel de confianza de 95%. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 226 empresas de los sectores industrial, construcción, comercial y servicios. Como instrumento de recolección de información se emplea un cuestionario de treinta (30 preguntas realizada a propietarios/gerentes. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el modelo de clases latentes (MCL. Los hallazgos revelan influencia de los factores precitados en la conformación de acuerdos y/o diferencias y similitudes entre empresas con alianza y sin alianza. Entre las conclusiones destacan baja propensión a las alianzas, carácter inicial del proceso, siendo la pequeña empresa del sector servicios la más proclive a seguir esta estrategia.

Impacto económico del dengue y del dengue hemorrágico en el Estado de Zulia, Venezuela, 1997-2003 Economic impact of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the State of Zulia, Venezuela, 1997-2003

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Germán Añez

2006-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Determinar los costos directos e indirectos asociados con la atención de los casos de dengue y de dengue hemorrágico o síndrome de choque por dengue (DH/SCD entre los años 1997 y 2003 en el Estado de Zulia, Venezuela. MÉTODOS: El número total de pacientes con dengue y DH/SCD se obtuvo de los registros de la Dirección Regional de Epidemiología del Estado de Zulia y de los informes de casos confirmados en la Sección de Virología del Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr. Américo Negrette, de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, entre el 1.° de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2003. Como costos directos se consideraron el costo de la atención médica de urgencia de todos los casos y los costos de hospitalización de los casos con DH/SCD (costo por día-cama y costos de laboratorio. Los costos asociados con la ausencia laboral de los enfermos mayores de 15 años y de las madres acompañantes de los enfermos menores de 15 años conformaron los costos indirectos, ajustados según la proporción de hombres y mujeres en la fuerza laboral activa del país. Para el cálculo se utilizó el salario mínimo anual y los resultados se expresaron en dólares estadounidenses, según la tasa de cambio promedio de cada año. RESULTADOS: En el período estudiado se atendieron 33 857 casos de dengue y de DH/SCD; de ellos, 30 251 (89,35% fueron de dengue y 3 606 (10,65% de DH/SCD. Seis de estos fallecieron (letalidad 0,2 por 100 casos de DH/SCD. Los costos directos fueron US$ 474 251,70; de esa suma, US$ 132 042,30 correspondieron a la atención en los servicios de urgencia y US$ 342 209,40 a los gastos de hospitalización de los casos con DH/SCD. Los costos indirectos ascendieron a US$ 873 825,84 y representaron 64,8% del gasto total (US$ 1 348 077,54 relacionado con esta enfermedad en los años estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: Este es el primer estudio acerca del impacto económico del dengue en el Estado de Zulia y

Contaminación enteroparasitaria de lechugas expendidas en mercados del estado Lara. Venezuela

OpenAIRE

TRAVIEZO-VALLES, LUIS; DÁVILA, JUAN; RODRÍGUEZ, RICARDO; PERDOMO, OMAIRA; PÉREZ, JOSÉ

2004-01-01

Para determinar la contaminación de lechugas con enteroparásitos, se analizaron 100 muestras (50 lechuga americana y 50 lechuga romana) cultivadas en tres lugares distintos, Timotes y Bailadores (estado Mérida) y Chejendé (estado Trujillo) y expendidas en cuatro mercados diferentes del estado Lara: Terepaima, Cabudare, Las Trinitarias y Central. Las lechugas fueron procesadas según la técnica de Álvarez et al, modificada, detectando contaminación en el 29% de las muestras (16 LA y 13 LR) iden...

Evaluación de un brote de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana en una comunidad rural del Estado Bolívar, Venezuela Evaluation of an outbreak of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a rural community in the Bolivar State, Venezuela

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Ricardo González M.

2000-02-01

Full Text Available La presencia de un foco de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana (LTA en la localidad de San José de Hacha, al sur del Estado Bolívar en Venezuela, motivó la realización de un estudio epidemiológico utilizando la intradermorreacción (IDR de Montenegro. De los 184 habitantes de San José de Hacha, se aplicó la IDR a 121 (65,8%. El 33,9% fueron reactores positivos (44/121. El mayor porcentaje de positividad se observó en personas del sexo masculino con 39,5% (PAn epidemiological survey based on the Montenegro intradermal reaction (IDR was carried out in San Jose de Hacha, south of the Bolivar State, Venezuela, on the occasion of an outbreak of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (LTA in that locality. The IDR was applied to 121 of the 184 local inhabitants (65.8%, with a 33.9 rate of positive reactions (44/121. The highest percentage of positivity was observed among males (39.5% (P < 0.05 and among adults, especially in the 31 to 40 year age group (52.4% (chi2 = 18.28; g.l. = 6. With respect to occupation, agriculturist were the most reactive with 69%. of subjects IDR positive, in 65.9% (27/41 the reaction areas ranging from 5 to 9 mm. Active lesions of LTA were identified in 22 inhabitants and scars were detected in only seven cases. It is suggested that San Jose de Hacha is a recent focus of LTA.

LIBERALISMO Y DESCENTRALIZACIÓN: ALGUNAS APRECIACIONES EN TORNO A VENEZUELA

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María Elena Romero Ríos

2000-05-01

Full Text Available La revisión de algunos supuestos que conforman el modelo liberal de sociedad, se trazan como inicio para inferir características presentes en el proceso de descentralización dentro de las reformas del Estado en el contexto venezolano. En las dos últimas décadas importantes cuestionamientos se realizan acerca de la estructura centralizada del Estado en América Latina y de los desiguales niveles de desarrollo que se hallan dentro de un mismo territorio nacional, asociándose el centralismo con la dinámica de la actividad económica capitalista. En la relación de estas variables político-económicas, se describen obstáculos para el desarrollo y agotamiento de las capacidades funcionales del Estado, surgiendo como alternativa la descentralización. Una definición que integra la descentralización política, administrativa y económica, según se dirija a incidir en la participación política, en la administración estatal o en el modelo económico, abre cauces para la discusión del modelo liberal de sociedad. ¿Puede señalarse que la conducción del proceso de descentralización en Venezuela ha seguido orientaciones liberales, con tan marcado predominio económico que ha afectado la institucionalidad política que el mismo proceso conlleva? La descentralización en Venezuela, orientada hacia el fortalecimiento político institucional, tomó el camino de las reformas neo-liberistas, lo cual se le ha convertido en freno para continuar avanzando hacia el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad política democrática.

Nuevos significados de la democracia en Venezuela

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Ingrid Karina Núñez Muñoz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es interpretar los nuevos significados de la demo- cracia en Venezuela, construidos a partir de los cambios y transformaciones iniciados en 1999 (proceso constituyente-reforma política, teniendo como centro los discursos y prácticas de una ciudadanía que debe participar de forma activa y organizada en los asuntos públicos con miras a la búsqueda de la solución de sus problemas más apremiantes. La aproximación metodológica (cualitativa-hermenéutica se realizó con- siderando que esta redefinición es una construcción intersubjetiva de los valores, acciones y normas en el ámbito político que intenta explicar cómo se construye la ciudadanía, fundamentalmente en el nivel local, a través de formas asociativas (como los consejos comunales en su interrelación con el Estado. Se concluye que a partir del nuevo orden constitucional de 1999 se comien- za a construir en Venezuela un nuevo sujeto que intenta viabilizar sus de- mandas a través de las organizaciones sociales.

Estudo das parasitoses intestinais e da infecção chagásica no Município de Novo Airão, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Marcio N. Boia

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo seccional descritivo em uma amostra sistemática por conglomerado de uma em cada dez famílias residentes na sede do Município de Novo Airão, na meso-região norte do Estado do Amazonas, a 250 quilômetros de Manaus por via fluvial. De cada um dos residentes nos 89 domicílios da amostra foram solicitadas fezes para exame pelos métodos de sedimentação de Lutz e pelo Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho e colhido sangue por punção venosa para testes de ELISA e imunofluorescência para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. O exame de 316 amostras de fezes mostrou 87,6% com um ou mais parasitos: 35,1% com Ascaris lumbricoides, 29,1% com Entamoeba histolytica, 17,4% com Giardia lamblia e outros parasitos com menor prevalência. Estes resultados foram correlacionados com a falta de saneamento e de suprimento de água tratada. De 346 soros examinados 16 (4,6% foram reativos para anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, mas somente em três deles houve correlação entre este resultado e o contacto das pessoas com triatomíneos silvestres, conhecidos localmente como "piolho da piaçava".

Variantes alélicas de CYP2D6: *4, *6 y *10 en una muestra de residentes del estado Aragua, Venezuela

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Carlos Flores-Angulo

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de las variantes del gen CYP2D6: *4, *6 y *10 y predecir el fenotipo metabolizador en una muestra de 145 individuos no consanguíneos, aparentemente sanos, residentes del estado Aragua, Venezuela. Los genotipos fueron determinados mediante ensayos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa seguidos de digestión con endonucleasas de restricción. La predicción del fenotipo metabolizador se realizó con base al sistema Activity score. Las frecuencias de CYP2D6 *4, *6 y *10 fueron de 14,5%, 0,3% y 1%, respectivamente; un porcentaje significativo de individuos fueron categorizados como metabolizador rápido heterocigoto/metabolizador intermedio (23,5% y metabolizador lento (4,1%. Esta información tiene impacto clínico potencial, porque CYP2D6 interviene en el metabolismo de fármacos de prescripción frecuente como: carvedilol, captopril, cloroquina, codeína, fluoxetina, fluvastatina, haloperidol, idarrubicina, indinavir, imatinib, loperamida, nifedipina, ondansetrón y tamoxifeno

YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, SEROGROUP O:1A, INFECTION IN TWO AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA AESTIVA AND AMAZONA ORATRIX) WITH HEPATIC HEMOSIDEROSIS.

Science.gov (United States)

Galosi, Livio; Farneti, Silvana; Rossi, Giacomo; Cork, Susan Catherine; Ferraro, Stefano; Magi, Gian Enrico; Petrini, Stefano; Valiani, Andrea; Cuteri, Vincenzo; Attili, Anna-Rita

2015-09-01

Necropsies were conducted on a female blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and a female yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) that died after depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and biliverdin in the urine. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed multifocal necrosis in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and heart caused by acute bacteremia. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serogroup O:1a, was isolated by culturing from the visceral lesions in the liver, intestines, and spleen. Virulence gene analysis showed the presence of the inv gene and the complete pathogenicity island: IS100, psn, yptE, irp1, irp2 ybtP-ybtQ, ybtX-ybtS, and int asnT-Int. Histopathologic findings and chemical analysis also demonstrated hepatic hemosiderosis. As has been demonstrated in other species, hemosiderosis may predispose Amazona spp. to systemic infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis after enteric disease.

Plantas daninhas hospedeiras alternativas de Colletotrichum guaranicola em cultivos de guaraná no Estado do Amazonas Alternative host weeds of Colletotrichum guaranicola in guarana crops in the State Amazonas

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L.J. Miléo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available As plantas daninhas reduzem a produção de sementes de guaraná e podem hospedar microrganismos patogênicos, tornando-se potenciais fontes de inóculo. Este trabalho identificou espécies de plantas daninhas colonizadas pelo fungo Colletotrichum guaranicola em cultivos de guaranazeiro em quatro municípios do Estado do Amazonas. As plantas daninhas foram identificadas e a presença do fungo foi verificada por meio de isolamentos feitos a partir de fragmentos de folhas lesionadas. As espécies colonizadas por C. guaranicola foram Bidens bipinnata, Chloris sp., Clidemia capitellata, Cyperus flavus, Elephantopus scaber, Euphorbia brasiliensis, Hemidiodia sp., Hyptis lantanifolia, Paspalum conjugatum, Physalis angulata e Synedrella nodiflora, as quais podem representar uma fonte de inóculo do patógeno, além das plantas de guaraná. A diversidade de plantas daninhas, em cultivos de guaranazeiro, reforça a importância de estabelecer práticas de manejo dessas plantas, principalmente em Maués, onde ocorreu maior colonização das espécies de plantas daninhas pelo fungo.Weed infestation may reduce grain guarana crops yield and host plant pathogens becoming potential inoculum sources. This research identified weed species colonized by the fungus Colletotrichum guaranicola in the guarana crop in four counties in the state of Amazon. The weeds were identified fungi presence was observed by isolation from leaf fragments of leaves injured by the fungi. The weed species colonized by Colletotrichum guaranicola were Bidens bipinnata, Chloris sp., Clidemia capitellata, Cyperus flavus, Elephantopus scaber, Euphorbia brasiliensis, Hemidiodia sp., Hyptis lantanifolia, Paspalum conjugatum, Physalis angulata and Synedrella nodiflora,that may represent a strong potential of plant pathogen inoculum, along with the guarana plants. Weed diversity in guarana crop shows the importance of establishing management practices to control these weeds, mainly in the Maues

Gestión de Tecnología en Empresas de Clase Mundial del Sector Bebidas en Venezuela Caso: Municipio San Francisco – Estado Zulia

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Francisco Batlle Rois Méndez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación se planteó como objetivo analizar la gestión de tecnología en empresas de clase mundial delsector bebidas del municipio San Francisco del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto se revisaron los postulados del Modelo Nacional de Tecnología (MNT (2009 y los aportes teóricos de autores como Gaynor (1999, Peters (2006 y Bosch (2000, en relación con la gestión de tecnología. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo bajo un diseño de campo, no experimental-transeccional y con una muestra constituida por seis sujetos encargados de gerenciar tecnología en las unidades productivas de la Cervecería Polar y Pepsi de Venezuela. Los resultados obtenidos, mediante el cuestionario utilizado para la recolección de información, permitieron concluir que la gestión de tecnología, en dichas empresas, se desarrolla de manera empírica con una configuración funcional en la cual no existen estándares establecidos en cuanto a su integración con la gestión del conocimiento ni en la necesidad de generar unidades de I+D que tengan foco en la gestión de la tecnología. Sin embargo, el reconocimiento del impacto de la gestión tecnológica en los resultados positivos de la empresa condujo a reconocer mejores prácticas y experiencia a través de las actividades de vigilancia, planeación, habilitación, protección e implantación tecnológica.Palabras Clave: Gestión; tecnología; conocimiento; competitividad. Management of Technology in the Business World Class Beverages Sector in Venezuela Case: San Francisco County - Zulia StateAbstractThe main purpose of this research was to analyze the technology management in world-class companies belonging to the drinking sector at the San Francisco county, Zulia State, Venezuela. The tenets of National Model for Technology (MNT (2009 and the theoretical contributions of authors such as Gaynor (1999, Peters (2006 and Bosch (2000, in relation to the management of technology were

A molecular phylogeny of Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation.

Science.gov (United States)

Russello, Michael A; Amato, George

2004-02-01

Amazon parrots (Genus Amazona) are among the most recognizable and imperiled of all birds. Several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary history of Amazona are investigated using a combined phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data from six partitions including mitochondrial (COI, 12S, and 16S) and nuclear (beta-fibint7, RP40, and TROP) regions. The results demonstrate that Amazona is not monophyletic with respect to the placement of the Yellow-faced parrot (Amazona xanthops), as first implied by. In addition, the analysis corroborates previous studies suggesting a Neotropical short-tailed parrot genus as sister to Amazona. At a finer level, the phylogeny resolves the Greater Antillean endemic species as constituting a monophyletic group, including the Central American Amazona albifrons, while further revealing a paraphyletic history for the extant Amazon species of the Lesser Antilles. The reconstructed phylogeny provides further insights into the mainland sources of the Antillean Amazona, reveals areas of taxonomic uncertainty within the genus, and presents historical information that may be included in conservation priority-setting for Amazon parrots.

Gerencia participativa y la promoción social en escuelas urbanas, Municipio Trujillo, Estado Trujillo, Venezuela

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Gilberto Antonio Bastidas Pacheco

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La promoción social está vinculada al logro de una nueva visión de escuela proyectada hacia su entorno, en tanto la gerencia participativa se relaciona con la gestión institucional, entendida como la búsqueda de la productividad administrativa y académica, a partir de un nuevo concepto de la acción gerencial que rompe con la dirección vertical y realza la toma de decisiones compartidas; estas premisas están contenidas en el proyecto educativo venezolano. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar dimensiones de las variables gerencia participativa y promoción social en docentes y directores de escuelas urbanas del municipio de Trujillo, estado Trujillo, Venezuela. Se hizo una investigación descriptiva, de campo y correlacional basada en la encuesta y se usó el cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de información. Se encuestaron 11 directores y 38 docentes. Como resultados se dan los siguientes: los directores consideran buena y los docentes mala la gestión y la promoción social, con correlación positiva y fuerte entre ambas variables. Se concluye que para los docentes pero no para los directores la gestión es cerrada en las instituciones educativas estudiadas, distante del concepto de gerencia participativa; además, que se deja de lado el importante rol de promotor social que deben exhibir todos los actores involucrados en la educación formal.

Vila amazonas: antes um espaço "acionado" hoje um passado esquecido

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Jaqueline Ferreira de Lima Brito

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Um projeto inovador situado no município de Santana no Estado do Amapá, Vila Amazonas se destacou como um centro autônomo, dotado de uma perfeita infra-estrutura, que fugia dos padrões vividos no município. Um trabalho conciso de exemplar aplicação dos princípios modernistas, bem como do urbanismo progressista especificamente no que concerne a cidade industrial, onde a razão determinante de tal estabelecimento é a presença próxima de matéria-prima, existência de uma força natural suscetível e a comodidade dos meios de transportes. O estudo coloca em discussão aspectos importantes da preservação do patrimônio que no momento se encontra na eminência de ser destruído e esquecido.

La ilegítima mutación de la Constitución por el juez constitucional y la demolición del estado de derecho en Venezuela

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Allan R Brewer-Carías

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar algunas de las ilegítimas mutaciones constitucionales efectuadas por la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela, al decidir recursos autónomos de interpretación constitucional que han sido interpuestos por el Poder Ejecutivo, y que han trastocado los cimientos del Estado de derecho. Un recurso judicial como el de interpretación abstracta de la Constitución, creado por la Sala Constitucional sin soporte en la Constitución, en manos de un Juez Constitucional totalmente dependiente del mismo Poder Ejecutivo, sin autonomía ni independencia algunas, ha resultado ser un instrumento utilizado para cambiar y ajustar la Constitución a la voluntad del Ejecutivo, al margen de los procedimientos de reforma y de la voluntad del poder, afianzando el autoritarismo

Adiciones al inventario avifaunístico del estado de Querétaro, México

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José Belem Hernández-Díaz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Reportamos por primera vez nueve especies de aves para el estado de Querétaro, México, cinco de ellas nativas (Cyrtonyx montezumae, Buteo lineatus, Phalaropus fulicarius, Falco mexicanus e Icterus spurius y cuatro introducidas (Streptopelia roseogrisea, Cyanoliseus patagonus, Amazona finschi yCalocitta colliei. El inventario avifaunístico del estado incluye ahora 430 especies, de las cuales 418 son nativas y 12 introducidas. Consideramos que el estudio de la avifauna en la zona oeste de Querétaro, que corresponde a la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, se ha venido completando en los últimos años con un importante esfuerzo de muestreo, por lo que con los presentes registros se conocen 271 especies de aves en ella.

Estado nutricional y características del consumo alimentario de la población Aguaruna. Amazonas, Perú 2004

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Lucio Huamán-Espino

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar el estado nutricional y frecuencia del consumo alimentario de los niños menores de tres años y mujeres en edad fértil (MEF de la población aguaruna del departamento de Amazonas, Perú 2004. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con una muestra representativa de 478 MEF y 465 niños aguarunas seleccionados por muestreo bietápico probabilístico. Se realizó la toma medidas antropométricas, dosaje de hemoglobina a ambos grupos y finalmente una encuesta de consumo de alimentos a una submuestra de 290 hogares. Resultados: La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica en niños fue de 33,4%. Se encontró asociación estadística entre el distrito de residencia y la desnutrición crónica en niños. La prevalencia de anemia fue de 76,5%. El 89% de las MEF presentaron un IMC ideal, sin embargo, la talla promedio de la mujer aguaruna fue de 148 cm. La prevalencia de anemia en MEF fue de 50,2%. Se listaron más de 100 alimentos locales y foráneos que forman parte de la dieta de las familias aguarunas; sin embargo, sólo se consume diariamente la yuca y plátanos; y con alguna frecuencia semanal el arroz, la carachama, gusano, huevo de gallina y verduras como la chonta y sachaculantro. Conclusiones: La evaluación nutricional indica un déficit nutricional para los niños y la deficiencia de hierro expresada en anemia afecta a la mitad de las MEF y a dos de cada tres niños. Esta situación podría atribuirse, entre otras causas al consumo de una dieta basada principalmente en yuca y plátanos con escasa presencia de alimentos de origen animal.

PRONÓSTICO DE LA RADIO ATENUACION TROSPOSFÉRICA POR LLUVIA PARA EL MUNICIPIO SAN FRANCISCO, ESTADO ZULIA, VENEZUELA, ENTRE 2016 Y 2018

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José V. Castro V.

2016-09-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como principal propósito pronosticar la radio atenuación troposférica por lluvia, también conocida como atenuación específica por lluvia, para el municipio San Francisco del estado Zulia, Venezuela, entre los años 2016 y 2018, utilizando el método ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average para series temporale, obtenidas a partir de datos de lluvia medidos en periodos diarios, mensuales y anuales. Mediante ARIMA, se determinó la intensidad de lluvia pronosticada, en mm/h, para los tres (3 años señalados, para seguidamente determinar la radio atenuación troposférica en dichos años. El procedimiento cumple con los requerimientos de estacionalidad y ciclicidad exigidos para ese tipo de pronósticos. Se observó que los niveles de radio atenuación troposférica más bajos se estiman ocurran aproximadamente para el periodo enero-abril, mientras que la radio atenuación más alta se prevé para el periodo julio-noviembre, con un pico en septiembre.

El impacto fiscal de las reformas del IVA en Venezuela. 1993-2012

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Veruschka Quílez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es calcular el impacto fiscal de las reformas a la ley del Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA en Venezuela, desde su creación en 1993 hasta el año 2012. Para ello, se utilizaron las Encuestas Nacionales de Presupuestos Familiares (ENPF de 1997 y 2005 que publica el Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV y las leyes del IVA, así como la data de consumo final de los hogares en el mercado interno que publica el BCV en sus Cuentas Nacionales. Los resultados del estudio arrojaron que en Venezuela el sacrifico fiscal de las exenciones del IVA es elevado, y para el período en estudio oscilan entre un mínimo de 2,17% del PIB en 2008 y un máximo de 4,51% del PIB en 1999. Esta pérdida fiscal se incrementa en la medida que aumenta la base exenta y la alícuota aplicada son mayores y los costos fiscales que asume el Estado son entre 9 y 11 veces superiores para el diez por ciento de la población de mayor ingreso comparado con el diez por ciento de menores ingresos.

The Socioeconomic Factors and the Indigenous Component of Tuberculosis in Amazonas

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-01

Despite the availability of tuberculosis prevention and control services throughout Amazonas, high rates of morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis remain in the region. Knowledge of the social determinants of tuberculosis in Amazonas is important for the establishment of public policies and the planning of effective preventive and control measures for the disease. To analyze the relationship of the spatial distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis in municipalities and regions of Amazonas to the socioeconomic factors and indigenous tuberculosis component, from 2007 to 2013. An ecological study was conducted based on secondary data from the epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship of the annual incidence of tuberculosis to the socioeconomic factors, performance indicators of health services, and indigenous tuberculosis component. The distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis in the municipalities of Amazonas was positively associated with the Gini index and the population attributable fraction of tuberculosis in the indigenous peoples, but negatively associated with the proportion of the poor and the unemployment rate. The spatial distribution of tuberculosis in the different regions of Amazonas was heterogeneous and closely related with the socioeconomic factors and indigenous component of tuberculosis. PMID:27362428

Asociación entre la incidencia de leishmaniosis cutánea y el índice de desarrollo humano y sus componentes en cuatro estados endémicos de Venezuela Association between cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence and the human development index and its components in four endemic states of Venezuela

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Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Evaluar las posibles asociaciones entre el índice de desarrollo humano (IDH y sus componentes, y la incidencia de Leishmaniosis cutánea (LC en cuatro estados endémicos de Venezuela (Mérida, Trujillo, Lara y Sucre en el período 1994 al 2003. Materiales y métodos. La data socioeconómica (clasificada de acuerdo al Banco Mundial se obtuvo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y la epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud, ambos de Venezuela. Para este estudio ecológico se evaluó la variación anual de las variables y se realizó modelos de regresión. Resultados. El IDH varió en el período, de 0,6746 en 1994 a 0,8144 en 2003 (p=0,90, asimismo, se observó un aumento de la incidencia acumulada de Leishmaniosis, en especial del año 1998 (7,3 casos/100 000 hab a 1999 (11,3 casos/100 000 hab. Al analizar con los modelos de regresión lineal, se observó que la relación entre las variables epidemiológicas y sociales era diferente a nivel de los Estados evaluados. Para Mérida y Trujillo se observó un descenso significativo de la incidencia de LC con relación al aumento del porcentaje de alfabetización (pObjectives. Assess potential relationships between the Human Development Index (HDI and its components and the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL in four endemic States of Venezuela (Mérida, Trujillo, Lara and Sucre in the period 1994-2003. Material and methods. Socioeconomical data (classified according the World Bank was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics, and the epidemiological data from the Ministry of Health, both from Venezuela. For this ecological study the annual variation of the variables was assessed and also regression models were done. Results. The HDI varied in the period from 0.6746 in 1994 to 0.8144 in 2003 (p=0.90. During this time an increase in the cumulative incidence of Leishmaniasis was observed, particularly from 1998 (7.3 cases/100,000 pop to 1999 (11.3 cases/100,000 pop. Analyzing

EVALUATION OF THE SUB-NATIONAL DECENTRALIZATION OF THE HEALTH IN VENEZUELA INFANTILE MATERNAL PROGRAM

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Maritza Ávila Urdaneta

2009-11-01

Full Text Available The work approaches the evaluation of the decentralization of the health at sub-national level in Venezuela, maternal program Infantile (PROMIN, period 1998-2004: Case of study, Estado Zulia. With the samples of ten Municipalities and Coordinators of Health (CH. Of the results and conclusions, it is appraised that in Venezuela with the Model of Integral Attention with respect to the PROMIN (1998-2004, the reason of Maternal Mortality RMM average for the country ascends to 60 by 100,000 NVR (OPS, 2003, whereas in Zulia was in 79,9; they emphasize the Municipalities: Cañada de Urdaneta with but the high one of 214.13, followed of Mara 149.44 by 100,000 NVR. Key words: Sub-national decentralization of the Health, Infantile Maternal Program, Indicating of Morbidity and Mortality, Coordination of the Municipal Health.

Del pensamiento filosófico sobre las libertades a la coacción y condicionamiento de las libertades y derechos políticos: caso Venezuela

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Carol Herrera

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El catálogo de derechos sociales, civiles y políticos en Venezuela ha estado signado por la progresividad, desde las disposiciones losócas planteadas en el Supremo Congreso de Venezuela del año 1811. Con base en el pensamiento filosófico sobre las libertades se analizan los antecedentes de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1999 y los principios losócos, sociales e históricos que determinaron la “Democracia participativa y protagónica” y “Estado social de derecho y justicia” presentes en la Constitución, que bajo la premisa de derechos, la libertad, la igualdad, la propiedad, la seguridad y la justicia, permite a todos los ciudadanos, en teoría, el goce de los derechos y libertades. La Constitución vigente dene al sistema democrático como “Estado social de derecho y Justicia”, el cual supone como fundamento la igualdad entre los ciudadanos para ejercer sus deberes y derechos políticos. Del análisis de los elementos que integran la democracia participativa y de los derechos se concluye el advenimiento postconstitucional de un estado paralelo denominado “estado comunal” tras la promulgación de leyes orientadas a sectorizar la participación ciudadana bajo la ideología del sector ocial y el desconocimiento de los derechos humanos ante las sentencias emitidas por la Corte Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos

[Nature and civilization: the decorative panels of the Teatro Amazonas foyer].

Science.gov (United States)

Daou, Ana Maria Lima

2007-12-01

The decorative panels in the foyer of the Teatro Amazonas, inaugurated in 1896, stand out from the rest of the building's ornamental iconography. The rubber trade brought great wealth to the capitals of Pará and Amazonas and as these cities gained national and international fame, their urban fabric and forms of sociability underwent significant changes. The article looks for parallels between the landscape representations of Amazonian nature adorning the building's foyer, the construction of the modern city, and social uses of the Teatro Amazonas, symbol of the era and emblem of the newly rich elite, who were then taking their place on the regional and national stages. The Teatro Amazonas formed the center of the era's social life and its foyer played host to veritable rituals of 'civilization', in which Brazilian and foreign guests enjoyed the fine setting of Amazon's nature as represented in the decorative wall panels.

Las relaciones de comercio e inversión entre Colombia y Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Eglé Iturbe de Blanco

1997-01-01

Venezuela y Colombia cuentan con una larga trayectoria histórica en sus relaciones económicas. Comercian entre ellas y sus nacionales a lo largo de la frontera desde su nacimiento como naciones e interactúan entre ambos países como si fuera uno solo. Al norte, en la península de la Guajira, viven poblaciones indígenas comunes cuyo sustento es el comercio entre ambos lados de la frontera; y al sur, en los estados andinos venezolanos limítrofes con los llanos colombianos, tradicionalmente se ha...

Language planning for "Mundurukú do Amazonas" Planejamento Linguístico para "Mundurukú do Amazonas"

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Gessiane Picanço

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Mundurukú, a Tupian language of Brazil, exhibits two opposite scenarios. On one extreme, there is Mundurukú do Pará, the language of daily communication in the Mundurukú Indigenous Land, with fluent speakers found across all generations and still acquired by children as a mother tongue. On the other extreme, there is Mundurukú do Amazonas, formerly spoken in the Kwatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land, but whose inhabitants have shifted to Portuguese. A group of Mundurukú students from Amazonas decided to initiate a process of language revitalisation as a way to strengthen the community's ethnic and cultural identity. This paper reports the initial stages of language planning, and includes future actions to promote language use in the homes and communities, assessement of language proficiency, and definition of educational programs to teach Mundurukú in local schools.Mundurukú, uma língua Tupí do Brasil, apresenta dois cenários opostos. Em um extremo, há o Mundurukú do Pará, a língua de comunicação diária na Terra Indígena Mundurukú, com falantes fluentes de todas as idades e adquirida pelas crianças como língua materna. No outro extremo encontra-se o Mundurukú do Amazonas, Terra Indígena Kwatá-Laranjal, que foi substituída pelo Português. Um grupo de estudantes Mundurukú do Amazonas decidiu iniciar um processo de revitalização de sua língua, como uma forma de fortalecer a identidade étnica e cultural da comunidade. Este trabalho relata os estágios iniciais do planejamento linguístico, incluindo as ações futuras para promover o uso da língua em casa e na comunidade, avaliação da proficiência na língua e definição de programas educacionais para ensinar Mundurukú nas escolas locais.

Violence in Venezuela: oil rent and political crisis Violência na Venezuela: renda petroleira e crise política

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Roberto Briceño-León

2006-06-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the changes in violence in Venezuela during the last forty years. It links the ups and downs of the oil revenues and the political crisis of the country to the changes in the homicide rates, which increased from 7 per 100 thousand inhabitants in 1970 to 12 in 1990, 19 in 1998 and 50 in 2003. The article characterizes Venezuela as a rentist society and shows its trajectory from rural violence to the beginning of urban violence, the guerilla movements of the 60s, the delinquent violence related to the abundance of oil revenues and the violence during the popular revolt and the sackings of 1989 in Caracas. After this, we analyze the coups d'état of 1992 and the influence the political violence exerted upon criminal violence. We describe the political and party changes in the country, their influence upon the stabilization of homicide rates since the mid-90s and their remarkable increase during the H. Chávez government. The article finishes with an analysis of the current situation, the official prohibition to publish statistics on homicides and with some thoughts about the perspective of greater violence in Venezuela.O presente artigo analisa as mudanças na violência ocorridas na Venezuela nos últimos quarenta anos, relacionadas com os altos e baixos da renda petroleira e com a crise política no país, fatos que contribuíram para um aumento nas taxas de homicídios: de 7 por cada cem mil habitantes em 1970 a 12 em 1990, 19 em 1998 e 50 no ano de 2003. O artigo caracteriza a Venezuela como sociedade rentista e, a partir daí, faz uma retrospecção cobrindo desde a violência rural até os inícios da violência urbana, o movimento guerrilheiro dos anos sessenta, a criminalidade resultando da abundância dos recursos petroleiros e a violência em decorrência da revolta popular e dos saques ocorridos em 1989 em Caracas. Em seguida são analisados os golpes de Estado de 1992 e o impacto que a violência política exerceu

[Immigration to Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Picouet, M; Pellegrino, A; Papail, J

1986-11-01

Immigration to Venezuela is examined using census data with the focus on the period 1971-1981. A brief overview of trends since the beginning of the twentieth century is first presented. The analysis indicates that "immigration to Venezuela is clearly of a short-term nature. Flows follow job opportunities and adjust to the labour market and to the financial capacity of the exchange market. The large increase of migratory movements to Venezuela in the 1970's is characterized by a diversification of their places of origin and by a greater instability. To a large extent, the migrants are illegal, especially those coming from Colombia and the Caribbean islands. Because of the crisis of the early 1980's, which is now worsened by the down trend of both oil prices and the U.S. dollar, Venezuela has become less attractive to immigrants, particularly from neighbouring countries." The authors observe that migrants in Venezuela are not well integrated and may depart, disrupting the labor supply in certain technical and specialized occupations (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA) excerpt

Funciones de la supervición escolar en Venezuela. Aproximación a un modelo

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Amada Mogollón de González

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tiene como propósito presentar la aproximación a un Modelo para las funciones de la supervisión escolar en Venezuela sustentado en los ámbitos, acción supervisora y funciones denominadas: Técnicas, Administrativas, Sociales, de Asistencia y Mediación. El modelo se fundamentó teóricamente en Kaufman, Stufflebeam, Teoría de Sistemas de Bertalanffy, enfoque humanista y jerarquía de las necesidades de Maslow. Es una investigación de campo realizada en Venezuela en los estados: Nueva Esparta, Distrito Federal, Carabobo, Lara, Táchira, Barinas y Delta Amacuro. El instrumento arrojó resultados que evidenciaron deficiencias, omisiones y ausencias durante el hecho supervisorio y su validación condujo a garantizar el éxito y calidad en la supervisión educativa venezolana.

Malaria in Sucre State, Venezuela

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Robert H. Zimmerman

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The author reviews the malaria research program in Sucre State, Venezuela, taking an ecosystem approach. The goal was to determine which methods could have been introduced at the onset that would have made the study more ecological and interdisciplinary. Neither an ecosystem approach nor integrated disease control were in place at the time of the study. This study began to introduce an ecosystem approach when two contrasting ecosystems in Sucre State were selected for study and vector control methods were implemented based on research results. The need to have a health policy in place with an eco-health approach is crucial to the success of research and control. The review suggests that sustainability is low when not all the stakeholders are involved in the design and implementation of the research and control strategy development. The lack of community involvement makes sustainability doubtful. The author concludes that there were two interdependent challenges for malaria control: development of an ecosystem approach for malaria research and control, and the implementation of an integrated disease control strategy, with malaria as one of the important health issues.O autor faz uma revisão do programa de pesquisa sobre malária no Estado de Sucre, Venezuela, à luz de uma abordagem ecossistêmica. O objetivo era determinar quais métodos poderiam ter sido introduzidos no início do estudo para torná-lo mais ecológico e interdisciplinar. A fase inicial do estudo não incluía uma abordagem ecossistêmica ou controle integrado da doença, que só foram incorporados quando dois ecossistemas contrastantes no Estado de Sucre foram selecionados para pesquisa, junto com um método de controle de vetores com base nos resultados. Uma política de saúde bem-definida com uma abordagem ecossistêmica é crucial para o sucesso de uma estratégia de pesquisa e controle. Esta revisão sugere que a sustentabilidade é baixa se todos os atores não estiverem

The unsustainability of the implantation of the 'Luz para todos' programme in the Amazonas state; A (in)sustentabilidade da implantacao do programa Luz para Todos no estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavalcante, Andreia Santos; Cartaxo, Elizabeth Ferreira [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This article brings to discuss the policy of universalization of the supply of electrical energy 'Luz para todos' showing the significance of this proposal of the government, in a short time, bring electricity to more than 10 million people who still live in the darkness. It features the efficiency of this action of the government from the reality experienced in the context Amazon, which show a framework for various characteristics and natural, cultural and focused on the issue geospatial. This involves understanding the multitude of climates and geographical characteristics, cultural and social constitute major obstacles for the implementation of policies homogeneous, demonstrating that the potential for development of each region has different dynamics, which should influence in the formulation of policies. While electricity is essential for the economic progress of a country, the expansion of its services to society must be viewed with great discretion, in order to prevent the exploitation and consumption exacerbated of natural resources and waste of energy. With this reading, the work he proposes to show the inconsistencies of the program in the state of Amazonas, on presentation of data from the Companhia Energetica do Amazonas (CEAM), showing thus obstacles to the achievement of the goals outlined in the State. Considering the environmental importance that the Amazon represents for Brazil and for the world, emerges is the need for a differentiated look for the region, taking into account their unique reality. It is believed that is the acceptance of their characteristics that we can really promote a development that is sustainable for the Amazon. (author)

Natureza e civilização: os painéis decorativos do Salão Nobre do Teatro Amazonas Nature and civilization: the decorative panels of the Teatro Amazonas foyer

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Ana Maria Lima Daou

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Os painéis decorativos do salão nobre do Teatro Amazonas singularizam-se em relação ao restante da iconografia que decora o edifício, inaugurado em 1896. Na ocasião, as capitais do Pará e do Amazonas, enriquecidas pela economia gomífera, passaram por significativas transformações no tecido urbano e nas formas de sociabilidade, projetando-se nacional e internacionalmente. O artigo procura identificar paralelos entre as representações paisagísticas da natureza amazônica que decoram o salão nobre do edifício, a construção da cidade moderna e os usos sociais do Teatro Amazonas, símbolo do período e emblema da elite enriquecida que se afirmava no cenário regional e nacional. O Teatro Amazonas ocupou o centro da vida social da época, e em seu salão nobre ocorreram verdadeiros rituais de 'civilização' em que os convidados - brasileiros ou estrangeiros - tinham como cenário privilegiado a natureza amazônica representada nos painéis parietais decorativos.The decorative panels in the foyer of the Teatro Amazonas, inaugurated in 1896, stand out from the rest of the building's ornamental iconography. The rubber trade brought great wealth to the capitals of Pará and Amazonas and as these cities gained national and international fame, their urban fabric and forms of sociability underwent significant changes. The article looks for parallels between the landscape representations of Amazonian nature adorning the building's foyer, the construction of the modern city, and social uses of the Teatro Amazonas, symbol of the era and emblem of the newly rich elite, who were then taking their place on the regional and national stages. The Teatro Amazonas formed the center of the era's social life and its foyer played host to veritable rituals of 'civilization', in which Brazilian and foreign guests enjoyed the fine setting of Amazon's nature as represented in the decorative wall panels.

Estado poblacional del orden Plecoptera (Insecta en el Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada en Venezuela y sus implicaciones para planes de conservación

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Maribet Gamboa

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La distribución longitudinal de las especies de plecópteros fue examinada a lo largo del Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada en la región Andina del estado Mérida, Venezuela. El PNSN es uno de las más grandes regiones protegidas y abarca dos subcuencas hidrográficas importantes. Muestras cuantitativas fueron recolectadas en 7 ríos tributarios de estas cuencas a lo largo del PNSN desde febrero a mayo del 2009, con un total de 135 individuos de 4 especies del género Anacroneuria. Sólo en tres ríos (Nuestra Señora, La Picón y Corcovada se encontró la presencia de plecópteros, los análisis de componentes principales muestran que la caracterización del hábitat, la velocidad de la corriente, el oxígeno disuelto y la ausencia de fuentes de perturbación antrópica influyen en un hábitat idóneo para las poblaciones. Los plecópteros se hallan en peligro de desaparición o incluso se han llegado a extinguir en gran parte de su área de distribución como consecuencia de actividades humanas. Planes de conservación deben ser implementados con urgencia, como evitar zonas recreacionales y/o económicas en las cercanías de los mismos.Population status of insects of Plecoptera order in Sierra Nevada National Park in Venezuela and its implications for conservation planning. Longitudinal distribution of Plecoptera species were examined along the Sierra Nevada National Park in the Andean region of Merida State, Venezuela. PNSN is one of the largest protected areas and consists of two major sub-basins. Quantitative samples were collected in 7 river tributaries along the PNSN from February to May of 2009, and a total of 135 individuals and 4 species of the genus Anacroneuria were collected. Only three rivers (Nuestra Señora, La Picón y Corcovada found the presence of stoneflies, the principal component analysis show that the characterization of habitat, current velocity, dissolved oxygen and the absence of human disturbance sources of influence in

Estudio cariotípico en plantas de Agave cocui trelease (Asparagaceae nativas del estado Sucre, Venezuela | Karyotypic study in plants of Agave cocui trelease (Asparagaceae from Sucre state, Venezuela

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Jennifer Mata-Sucre

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron los cromosomas mitóticos de tres poblaciones de Agave cocui recolectadas en las localidades de Parque Nacional Mochima (10°23'45'' N, 64°21'20'' O, 41 m s.n.m., Morro de Puerto Santo (10°42'43'' N, 63°09'50'' O, 72 m s.n.m. y Playa Medina (10°42'58'' N, 63°00'42'' O, 35 m s.n.m., estado Sucre, Venezuela. Se aplicaron protocolos convencionales de evaluación cariológica a través de la preparación de láminas temporales para mitosis y cariotipos, registros fotomicrográficos y análisis computarizado. La mayor frecuencia de células en metafase se observó a las 8:00 y 9:00 am. El cariotipo fue consistentemente diploide 2n=2x=60 con 25 pares de cromosomas pequeños (0,83-2,10 µm de morfologías m y cinco pares más grandes (3,68 a 4,97 µm sm y st (con satélites. Los índices de asimetría A1 = 0,74 y A2 = 0,65 confirman la bimodalidad cariotípica en esta especie. Las poblaciones resultaron cariológicamente similares y se describe la fórmula idiogramática 50m+8sm+2stsat. Estos resultados representan el primer reporte de conteo y clasificación cromosómica en A. cocui.

Description of a new Allobates (Anura, Dendrobatidae from the eastern Andean piedmont, Venezuela

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César Luis Barrio-Amorós

2009-12-01

Full Text Available We describe a new nurse frog in the genus Allobates (Dendrobatidae from Río Negro, Municipio Córdoba, Estado Táchira, in western Venezuela. This species is a leaflitter inhabitant of primary and secondary lowland rainforest at altitudes from 400 to 1000 m. The new species is similar to the species in the Allobates marchesianus group and is restricted to the slopes of the western Venezuelan Andes. It differs from its congeners by having an irregularly spotted dorsalpattern, diffuse oblique lateral stripe, ventrolateral stripe and yellowish belly on males.

Elevada prevalencia de Cyclospora cayetanensis en indígenas del estado Bolívar, Venezuela High prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis among indigenous people in Bolivar State, Venezuela

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Rodolfo Devera

2005-12-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad las coccidiosis intestinales causadas por Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli y Cyclospora cayetanensis constituyen parasitosis de gran importancia médica, sin embargo, en el Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, se desconocen muchos aspectos epidemiológicos de estas infecciones. Entre julio de 2003 y abril de 2004 fue evaluada la población indígena San Antonio de Morichal con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de coccidiosis intestinales. Las muestras fecales obtenidas por evacuación espontánea fueron preservadas en dicromato de potasio 2,5% y posteriormente examinadas mediante la técnica de concentración con formol-éter y coloración de Kinyoun. De los 160 indígenas evaluados, el 92,5% (148 casos estaba parasitado. Entamoeba coli (58,8%, Ascaris lumbricoides (38,8% y Giardia lamblia (18,8% fueron los más comunes. La prevalencia de coccidiosis intestinal fue de 13,1%, siendo la cyclosporiosis la más importante con 11,9% (19 casos. Solamente se diagnosticó un caso con ooquistes de C. parvum (0,6% y otro con I. belli (0,6%. No hubo diferencias en cuanto al sexo (p > 0,05 y la edad (c2 = 5,6; g.l: 6 de los habitantes infectados con C. cayetanensis. De los infectados con C. cayetanensis únicamente dos tenían diarrea. En conclusión, se determinó una prevalencia elevada de coccidiosis intestinal en habitantes de la comunidad indígena evaluada, siendo la infección por C. cayetanensis las más prevalente.The intestinal coccidioses caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis are parasitoses of major medical importance, but many epidemiological aspects of these infections are still unknown in Bolívar State, Venezuela. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and especially of intestinal coccidiosis, an indigenous population in San Antonio de Morichal was evaluated from July 2003 to April 2004. Stool samples obtained by spontaneous evacuation were preserved in potassium

Venezuela en la ruta comercial azucarera: Su impacto en la sociedad sucrense

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Marisol Rodríguez Arrieta

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Las plantaciones de caña de azúcar se dieron en América Latina y en las islas antillanas como consecuencia de la demanda en los mercados europeos desde el XVI hasta el XIX. El escenario construido con financiamiento internacional y la participación activa de Holanda, Francia, Inglaterra, Estados Unidos, incluso Portugal y España, implicó la inversión de grandes capitales en las colonias para la instalación de los ingenios y la importación de la mano de obra. En el caso de Venezuela y en particular de la región sucrense, la producción y el comercio del azúcar y sus derivados marcó una singular diferencia con lo acontecido en otros países; por cuanto la metrópoli no invirtió capitales para la explotación a gran escala de este cultivo agrícola que tomó fuerza en este escenario, a partir del siglo XIX. En el distrito Sucre del estado Zulia el proceso económico generado por los cambios en la explotación tradicional de la caña de azúcar, en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, aceleró la industrialización del azúcar y sus derivados, cuya referencia más significativa fueron las nuevas compañías azucareras que le dieron un impulso a una clase dominante que diversificó la economía nacional y expandió el desarrollo del capitalismo en Venezuela.

Gestión medioambiental en Venezuela desde una perspectiva sistémica. El caso del sector petroquímico

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Alira Chirinos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Es mundialmente evidente el incremento de la preocupación por alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible, vinculando aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales. En relación con este último aspecto, se ha venido manejando el concepto de gestión medioambiental desde diferentes perspectivas durante los últimos 50 años, por lo que en este trabajo se planteó como objetivo analizar la gestión medioambiental en Venezuela desde una perspectiva sistémica. La investigación es analítica con diseño de fuente mixta, documental y de campo; tomando como referencia datos documentales del conjunto de leyes ambientales existentes en Venezuela y datos empíricos mediante una encuesta a cinco empresas del sector petroquímico. Se evidenció que en Venezuela el Estado se apoya en una completa legislación pero no aplica instrumentos económicos que incentiven a las empresas a la protección del medioambiente, de igual modo sólo algunas organizaciones y especialmente aquellas cuyas actividades productivas pueden tener impacto ambiental significativo, como el caso de las empresas del sector petroquímico, integran el componente ecológico en sus prácticas gerenciales, presentando deficiencias en cuanto al cumplimiento de sus políticas ambientales y a la certificación de sus sistemas de gestión; por lo que aún se presenta como un reto el articular esfuerzos desde la perspectiva sistémica entre el Estado y el sector empresarial.

Problemática lingüístico-educativa de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela

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Natalia Bondarenko Pisemskaya

2009-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se examina la situación de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela y de sus respectivas lenguas; se presentan los antecedentes y los alcances del Régimen de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe y se analizan las implicaciones de las políticas lingüísticas del Estado venezolano en materia lingüístico-educativa. La investigación, de tipo documental, se realizó a través de una metodología cualitativa, a partir de análisis teóricos y de una entrevista focalizada semiestructurada. Se concluye que a pesar de los esfuerzos del Estado, son los propios indígenas los que deben hacerse responsables tanto de su destino como de sus lenguas, rigiéndose por el principio de la autodeterminación, sin tanta intervención por parte del Estado.

Epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Maria das Graças Gomes Saraiva

2015-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: In the State of Amazonas, particularly in the capital Manaus, meningitis has affected populations of different cultures and social strata over the years. Bacterial meningitis is caused by several different species and represents a major issue of public health importance. The present study reports the meningitis case numbers with different etiologies in Amazonas from January 1976 to December 2012. METHODS: Since the 1970s, the (currently named Tropical Medicine Foundation of Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado [Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD] has remained a reference center in Amazonas for the treatment of meningitis through the diagnosis and notification of cases and the confirmation of such cases using specific laboratory tests. RESULTS: The foundation has achieved coverage of over 90% of the state medical records for many years. Between 1990 and 2012, meningitis cases caused by Haemophilus influenzae decreased with the introduction of the H. influenzae vaccine. Meningococcal disease previously had a higher frequency of serogroup B disease, but starting in 2008, the detection of serogroup C increased gradually and has outpaced the detection of serogroup B. Recently, surveillance has improved the etiological definition of viral meningitis at FMT-HVD, with enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV and varicella zoster virus (VZV prevailing in this group of pathogens. With the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, cryptococcal meningitis has become an important disease in Amazonas. Additionally, infectious meningitis is an important burden in the State of Amazonas. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the epidemiological profile for the different etiology-defined cases are the result of continuous epidemiological surveillance and laboratory capacity improvements and control measures, such as Haemophilus influenzae vaccination.

DETERMINAÇÃO DOS PREÇOS DA MADEIRA EM PÉ PARA AS ÁREAS DE FLORESTAS PÚBLICAS DA REGIÃO DO BAIXO AMAZONAS, NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

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Antônio Cordeiro de Santana

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Normal.dotm 0 0 1 160 912 UFRA 7 1 1120 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} O artigo propõe uma metodologia fundamentada teoricamente para estimar os preços da madeira em pé (PMP, de modo a refletir o custo de oportunidade dos planos de manejo florestal em áreas de florestas públicas do Baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará. Diferentemente das iniciativas anteriores para estimar o PMP, definiu-se o preço a partir do mercado local de madeira em tora, que além de ser o único nível de mercado para o produto funciona sob concorrência perfeita. Em função disso, os preços refletem o valor econômico das espécies florestais comercializadas. Qualquer outra forma de estimação deste preço que não leve em conta essa condição teórica, enviesa a mensuração do valor econômico da floresta. A média do preço da madeira em pé foi de R$ 37,8/m3. Os preços médios por categoria foram: R$ 18,11/m3 para a categoria C4 (madeira branca, R$ 32,68/m3 para a categoria C3 (madeira vermelha, R$ 54,93/m3 para a C2 (madeira nobre e R$ 87,60/m3 para a categoria C1 (madeira especial. A partir desses preços, foi determinado o valor dos contratos para a concessão florestal na região do Baixo Amazonas.

Límites de consistencia y sus implicaciones agrícolas en un suelo ultisol de sabana del estado Monagas, Venezuela

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Américo Hossne

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El conocimiento de las propiedades físicas de los suelos agrícolas y bióticos proporciona información para el manejo de equipos agrícolas, procesos de compactación y la labranza convencional y conservacionista. A medida que la humedad edáfica aumenta, genera diversos estados del suelo; e.g. una menor interacción entre partículas adyacentes y un comportamiento que se aproxima al del líquido. El inicio de la sensibilidad de compactación, parece ser el límite plástico del suelo bajo una bien definida energía de compactación. El objetivo general, de este estudio fue caracterizar sistemáticamente, con las implicaciones de ingeniería posibles, los suelos agrícolas de sabana del Estado Monagas de Venezuela. Los objetivos específicos consistieron en determinar: a- los límites de Atterberg; y b- el índice de plasticidad y friabilidad. Para ello se utilizó los procedimientos de laboratorio de Mecánica de Suelos: ASTM D427-61 para el límite de contracción, ASTM D424-59 para el límite plástico y ASTM 423-66 para el límite líquido, de un suelo de sabana en muestras aleatorias a las profundidades de 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 y 45-60 cm. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión para interpretar la proporción de la variancia entre parámetros. Los resultados indicaron valores de: límite de contracción de 4,22–5,20%, límite plástico de 12,92–14,04%, límite líquido de 16,94–19,43%, índice de plasticidad de 3,59–5,78% e índice de friabilidad de 8,63–8,84%. Se concluye que los valores concuerdan con la bibliografía y el rango de uso agrícola se encuentra entre 8% y 15% para el suelo en estudio.

The use of renewable alternative sources for the isolated electric generation: proposal of agroenergy system implantation based on the palm oil from the Amazonas state, Brazil; O uso de fontes alternativas renovaveis para a geracao eletrica isolada: proposta de implantacao de sistemas agroenergeticos com base na palma africana no Estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Anamelia Medeiros [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

2006-07-01

This paper presents an analysis of the introduction potential of agroenergetic systems in the state of Amazonas, BR, by giving priority to the plantation of the palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in deforested areas od the state of Amazonas, BR, which presents the edaphoclimatic conditions necessary for the plantation of this palm tree. The palm oil can be used in natura in stationary engines and cas basic raw material for the production of biodiesel, both through transesterification and cracking as well.

Archaeology in the Átures Rapids of the Middle Orinoco, Venezuela

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Natalia Lozada Mendieta

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper briefly reports on the initial results of a new Leverhulme-sponsored four-year archaeological project (RPG 234- 2014 centred on the Átures Rapids area of the Middle Orinoco River, Amazonas State, Venezuela (Fig. 1. The Cotúa Island Reflexive Archaeology Project seeks to establish the longue durée historical processes that by early colonial times culminated in the region’s reputation for being a key crossroads – where diverse ethno-linguistic groups from far-flung regions converged to trade (Oliver et al. 2014. Harnessing new evi- dence, it aims to elucidate how interaction between such diverse indigenous groups unfolded and the role it played in forg- ing ethnogenesis. Through archaeological research, it seeks to gain new insights into its history and elucidate regional patterns of exchange through the study of technical andstylisticdimensionsofmaterialculture. It also aims to investigate the abundant pre-colonial rock art and its relationships to the landscape and aboriginal oral tradi- tions. Finally, it seeks to understand how Western and Non-western archaeological knowledge is produced by engaging with the current indigenous groups as partners in (reconstructing history.

Estructura de la comunidad de moluscos y relaciones tróficas en el litoral rocoso del estado Sucre, Venezuela

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Johanna Fernández

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la estructura de la comunidad de moluscos y sus relaciones tróficas en seis localidades del litoral rocoso con diferentes grados de exposición al oleaje (área expuesta y área protegida, en el Estado Sucre, Venezuela. El muestreo se llevó a cabo durante el período de marzo 2003 a febrero 2004. La recolección del material biológico se realizó de forma manual con ayuda de una espátula, dentro de una cuadrícula de 0.25 m², estableciéndose tres zonas: supra, medio e infralitoral. Los organismos fueron preservados en frascos con formalina al 10% para su posterior análisis. En el laboratorio fueron identificados, contados, y pesados en una balanza de 0.001g de precisión. Se determinó la abundancia total de especies, biomasa, constancia específica y por medio de una revisión bibliográfica se le asignó a cada especie su categoría trófica, clasificándolos en: herbívoros, filtradores, carnívoros y herbívoros -filtradores. Se obtuvo un total de 14 581 individuos (6 397.945 g representado por 68 especies correspondientes a las clases Gastropoda (39, Bivalvia (23 y Polyplacophora (6; contenidas en nueve órdenes y 31 familias. Los herbívoros fueron el grupo dominante (49%, seguido por filtradores (37%, carnívoros (13 % y herbívoros-filtradores (1%. Las especies herbívoras y herbívoras-filtradoras dominaron en el área protegida, mientras que en el área expuesta, fueron las carnívoras y filtradoras. Las especies constantes en las seis localidades durante el período de estudio fueron Planaxis nucleus, Mitrella ocellata, M. nycteis, Littorina interrupta, Tegula fasciata, Acmaea leucopleura, Ostrea equestris y Chiton squamosus. La distribución de los moluscos y los diferentes grupos tróficos, pueden estar controlados por adaptaciones morfológicas, así como el nivel de exposición al oleaje y composición del sustrato.Mollusc community structure and trophic relations in the rochy littoral zone in Sucre State

Composição florística das plantas daninhas na cultura de guaraná (Paullinia cupana, no estado do Amazonas Floristic composition of weeds in guarana (Paullinia cupana crop in Amazonas, Brazil

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S.M.F. Albertino

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O estudo da composição da flora de plantas daninhas de uma área ou de uma região agrícola é importante, por identificar a diversidade de espécies e contribuir para recomendação de estratégias de manejo a serem empregadas nos sistemas agrícolas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar a composição florística de plantas daninhas em plantios de guaraná em cinco municípios (Coari, Iranduba, Maués, Presidente Figueiredo e Urucará do Estado do Amazonas. As plantas daninhas foram amostradas em áreas de produtores desses municípios e identificadas por classe, família e espécie. Foram coletados 14.707 indivíduos, distribuídos em 40 famílias e 87 espécies, das quais 70 eram Dicotiledôneas, 13 Monocotiledôneas e quatro Pteridófitas. As Dicotiledôneas apresentaram maior número de família e as Monocotiledôneas de indivíduos. As Pteridófitas ocorreram de forma inexpressiva em todos os municípios. As famílias Poaceae e Asteraceae apresentaram maior número de espécies. Panicum pilosum foi a espécie com maior número de indivíduos, freqüência, densidade e índice de valor de importância. Panicum laxum sobressaiu em Urucará e Iranduba; Scleria malaleuca, em Coari; e Chamaesyce hirta, em Maués. Homolepis aturensis, Paspalum conjugatum e Spermacoce capitata ocorreram nos cinco municípios. Em Maués foi encontrada a maior diversidade de espécies, e em Coari, o maior número de indivíduos. O maior índice de similaridade foi entre Iranduba e Presidente Figueiredo (45%, e o menor, entre Iranduba e Coari (21,43%.The study of the floristic composition of weeds of an area or agricultural region is important since it identifies the diversity of species and provides management strategies to be used under various agricultural system conditions. The objective of this work was to identify the floristic composition of weeds occurring in guaraná crops in five counties (Coari, Iranduba, Maués, Presidente Figueiredo and

Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-04-01

The background notes by the U.S. State Department on Venezuela emphasize the unique economic conditions in this oil-rich nation, and include information on its people, geography, history, government politics, defense and foreign relations. Venezuela, located on the north coast of South America, has 17,791,000 people, growing at a rate of 2.7%. Infant mortality is 2.7/1000, and life expectancy is 70 years. Geography ranges from the scarcely populated highlands between the Orinoco river and Guyana, the Orinoco plains, to the populated Andes mountains and coast. 80% of the population is urban. Literacy is a priority at 88.4%; Technical and university education is increasing; emigration from other countries is common because of relatively good working conditions. Venezuela has a long history of self government, having become independent in 1921. Now the democratic constitutional government is effective in improving both internal and regional development and human rights. The economy is based on oil production and refining, as well as steel and aluminum, all nationalized industries. Self-sufficiency in agriculture is a national goal. Because of the rapid population growth rate, however, per capita income and GNP are stagnating.

Enzootic transmission of yellow fever virus, Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Auguste, Albert J; Lemey, Philippe; Bergren, Nicholas A; Giambalvo, Dileyvic; Moncada, Maria; Morón, Dulce; Hernandez, Rosa; Navarro, Juan-Carlos; Weaver, Scott C

2015-01-01

Phylogenetic analysis of yellow fever virus (YFV) strains isolated from Venezuela strongly supports YFV maintenance in situ in Venezuela, with evidence of regionally independent evolution within the country. However, there is considerable YFV movement from Brazil to Venezuela and between Trinidad and Venezuela.

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA CONDICIÓN PERIODONTAL, HÁBITOS Y COSTUMBRES EN SALUD ORAL EN INDÍGENAS DE COMUNIDADES AMAZÓNICAS DE COLOMBIA: TARAPACÁ, AMAZONAS

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Yeni Patricia Molina Ibañez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Hay pocos estudios en el Amazonas Colombiano que permitan conocer el estado real de salud periodontal en esta población. El ENSAB III (Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal evidencia condiciones desfavorables a nivel periodontal en esta zona del país. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar el estado periodontal de cuatro comunidades indígenas pertenecientes al corregimiento de Tarapacá, Amazonas, conocer sus creencias, hábitos y actitudes frente a los conceptos de salud oral, enfermedad gingival y la necesidad de intervención que requieran o no a nivel periodontal. Materiales y métodos: 80 habitantes nativos (28 hombres y 52 mujeres, con edades que oscilan entre los 20 y 81 años; quienes diligenciaron una encuesta conteniendo datos personales como hábitos (consumo de cigarrillo, tabaco, etc. y costumbres de higiene oral; se realizó un examen periodontal, registrando características clínicas (encía: color, sangrado, movilidad dental, etc. y medidas periodontales tomadas a cada diente (margen, surco, nivel de inserción, etc.. Resultados: se observó en la población alto porcentaje de sangrado (48%, placa bacteriana (77%, cálculos (41%. P=.0.001; a pesar de tener estas características el 82% de la población presentó surcos gingivales ≤3 mm. p= 0.05. El principal motivo de pérdida dental fue extracción (46.2%. Conclusiones: A pesar de tener altos niveles de placa bacteriana, sangrado y cálculos, la mayoría de los participantes presentaba sólo gingivitis (77.5%, en pocos casos se evidenció periodontitis (21.25%. El tratamiento que requieren es de baja complejidad y no se encontró relación directa entre los hallazgos encontrados, los hábitos de higiene oral y costumbres con el estado periodontal que presentan.

Modelo Crosscultural de Pasantias para Lideres de la Educacion: Cooperacion entre Estados Unidos y Venezuela (Designing an Effective School Administrator Internship Program: United States and Venezuela Cooperation).

Science.gov (United States)

Serafin, Ana Gil; Thompson, Eugene W.

A model was developed of an internship program designed to give valuable cross-cultural experience to school administrators in training at universities in the United States and Venezuela. A naturalistic approach was used to develop the model. Leading school administrators and educational leadership theorists in both countries were interviewed by…

Funciones de la supervición escolar en Venezuela. Aproximación a un modelo

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Mogollón de González, Amada

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen:Esta investigación tiene como propósito presentar la aproximación a un Modelo para las funciones de la supervisión escolar en Venezuela sustentado en los ámbitos, acción supervisora y funciones denominadas: Técnicas, Administrativas, Sociales, de Asistencia y Mediación. El modelo se fundamentó teóricamente en Kaufman, Stufflebeam, Teoría de Sistemas de Bertalanffy, enfoque humanista y jerarquía de las necesidades de Maslow. Es una investigación de campo realizada en Venezuela en los estados: Nueva Esparta, Distrito Federal, Carabobo, Lara, Táchira, Barinas y Delta Amacuro. El instrumento arrojó resultados que evidenciaron deficiencias, omisiones y ausencias durante el hecho supervisorio y su validación condujo a garantizar el éxito y calidad en la supervisión educativa venezolana.Abastract: This investigation must like intention present/display the approach to a Model for the functions of the scholastic supervision in Venezuela sustained in the scopes, supervisora action and denominated functions: Techniques, Administrative, Social, of Attendance and Mediation. The model was based theoretically on Kaufman, Stufflebeam, Theory of Systems of Bertalanffy, focuses humanist and hierarchy of the necessities of Maslow. It is an investigation of field made in Venezuela in the states: Nueva Esparta, Federal District, Carabobo, Lara, Táchira, Barinas and Delta Amacuro. The instrument threw results that demonstrated deficiencies, omissions and absences during the fact supervisorio and its validation lead to ensure the success and quality in the Venezuelan educative supervision.

Estudo das parasitoses intestinais e da infecção chagásica no Município de Novo Airão, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil Cross-sectional study of intestinal parasites and Chagas' disease in the Municipality of Novo Airão, State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Marcio N. Boia

1999-09-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo seccional descritivo em uma amostra sistemática por conglomerado de uma em cada dez famílias residentes na sede do Município de Novo Airão, na meso-região norte do Estado do Amazonas, a 250 quilômetros de Manaus por via fluvial. De cada um dos residentes nos 89 domicílios da amostra foram solicitadas fezes para exame pelos métodos de sedimentação de Lutz e pelo Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho e colhido sangue por punção venosa para testes de ELISA e imunofluorescência para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. O exame de 316 amostras de fezes mostrou 87,6% com um ou mais parasitos: 35,1% com Ascaris lumbricoides, 29,1% com Entamoeba histolytica, 17,4% com Giardia lamblia e outros parasitos com menor prevalência. Estes resultados foram correlacionados com a falta de saneamento e de suprimento de água tratada. De 346 soros examinados 16 (4,6% foram reativos para anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, mas somente em três deles houve correlação entre este resultado e o contacto das pessoas com triatomíneos silvestres, conhecidos localmente como "piolho da piaçava".A cross-sectional study was performed on the residents of one in every ten households in the town of Novo Airão, in the northern meso-region of the State of Amazonas, 250 kilometers from Manaus by riverboat. A family cluster sample of 89 dwellings was studied. A stool sample was requested from each of the inhabitants for examination using the Lutz sedimentation and Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho techniques, and blood was taken by venous puncture for Trypanosoma cruzi ELISA antibody testing and immunofluorescence. From a total of 316 stool samples, 87.6% had one or more parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides (35.1%, Entamoeba histolytica (29.1%, Giardia lamblia (17.4%, and other parasites with lower prevalence rates. These results were directly correlated with lack of sanitation and clean water supply. Of the 346 sera examined, 16 (4.6% were reactive to T

Democracia y conflicto en Venezuela.

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Juan Eduardo Romero

2011-08-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo aborda el tema de la democracia en Venezuela desde una perspectiva múltiple y variada. Parte de la consideración de un conjunto de variables (papel del Estado en la sociedad globalizada, la política y el ejercicio del poder, la economía, la política social, los movimientos sociales y las protestas colectivas, medio ambiente y grupos étnicos para realizar una ponderación del curso y los retos de la sociedad democrática venezolana en el período 1988-2008. El trabajo maneja el análisis desde la óptica de la comparación histórica, la historia crítica, la sociología histórica y el pensamiento político para establecer las principales tendencias que ha adquirido la democracia venezolana en cada una de esas variables en el período estudiado, así como la prospectiva que pueden adquirir en los próximos años.

Diagnosis of malaria by acridine orange fluorescent microscopy in an endemic area of Venezuela

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Irene Bosch

1996-02-01

Full Text Available Fluorescent (acridine orange microscopical examination of capillary centrifuged blood (quantitative buffy coat [QBC®] analysis and Giemsa stained thick blood smears (GTS were compared for diagnosis of malaria in blood specimens from adults living in malaria transmission areas of the States of Bolivar and Amazonas in southeastern and south Venezuela, respectively. Of a total of 198 GTS examined, 95 subjects (48% showed parasitaemia. Among the 95 blood films with a positive GTS, 94 were judged positive by the QBC. However, positive QBC tubes were found in 29 out of 103 blood specimens with a negative GTS. Thus, relative to a GTS standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the QBC-test was 99.2% and 72%, respectively. Young trophozoites of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum could not be distinguished with certainty. It is confirmed that the QBC offers many advantages compared with the standard diagnosis of malaria parasites, specifically in the speed of staining and ease of interpretation. However, in places where P. falciparum and P. vivax occur, species and stage differentiation should be confirmed with the GTS.

Aspectos morfológicos, citoquímicos e imunológicos da leucemia mielóide aguda no estado do Amazonas: estudo observacional em pacientes atendidos na Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - FHEMOAM

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Alves, Eliana Brasil [UNIFESP

2006-01-01

Objective: The present study investigated the best laboratorial diagnosis methods to acute myeloid leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia and biphenotypic acute leukemia. We have prospective, observacional and descriptive study about 62 patients from Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - FHEMOAM, in the period of September of 2000 at June of 2003. The frequency, clinical and laboratories characteristics was analyzed. .Methods: The classification of the acute myeloid leukemia ...

Petroleum. [Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1976-01-01

An introductory chapter of world wide petroleum history is followed by a comprehensive record of the petroliferous basins of Venezuela. Exploration, productivity, production statistics, reserves, geologic structures, and the distribution of oil and gas fields are described separately for the Maracaibo-Falcon basin, Apure-Barinas basin, E. Venezuela basin, and Tuy-Cariaco basin. The descriptions include geographic distribution, geomorphologic outline of the basins, lithology and thickness of sediments, structural development, present structural conditions in which oil and gas fields occur, and their distribution in the basins. Economic factors are discussed in an appendix. 145 references.

A profile of scorpionism, including the species of scorpions involved, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Costa, Cícero Lucinaldo Soares de Oliveira; Fé, Nelson Ferreira; Sampaio, Iracilda; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro

2016-01-01

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This study investigated scorpionism profile in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Data referring to stinging incidents were obtained from the National Databank of Major Causes of Morbidity. Information on the scorpion species involved was obtained from the Amazonas State health units. RESULTS: Amazonas has a scorpionism rate of 8.14 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Some municipalities (e.g., Apuí) presented higher rates (273 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Most species...

Distribución de los inmaduros de Antichloris viridis Druce, 1884 en la planta de plátano (Musa AAB, sub grupo plátano, cv. Hartón) en el sur del lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela.

OpenAIRE

Liscano, O.A.; Domínguez Gil, O

2005-01-01

Para determinar la distribución de Antichloris viridis, en la planta de plátano, se seleccionaron dos plantaciones comerciales, en los municipios Francisco Javier Pulgar y Colón del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se clasificaron los estados de desarrollo de las plantas (GD) en seis grados de acuerdo al número de hojas y el estado fisiológico de la planta. Se determinó el % de defoliación y la presencia de huevos, larvas pequeñas, medianas y grandes y pupas por hoja. Se delimitaron tres estratos por...

La iglesia católica del estado Zulia y el golpe de estado de 1948

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Luis Rincón Rubio

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una aproximación al discurso político-religioso de la jerarquía eclesiástica de la Diócesis del Zulia en relación con el golpe de Estado acaecido en Venezuela el 24 de noviembre de 1948, según las editoriales del diario "La Columna". Se encuentra que la línea editorial de este diario a finales del trienio 1945-1948 demuestra una fuerte oposición de la jerarquía eclesiástica del Zulia al gobierno del trienio acciondemocratista, al cual trató de desprestigiar con la difusión de un discurso negativo acerca de la acción del gobierno en los ámbitos social, moral y educativo, fundamentado en una concepción del partido de gobierno como un brazo del comunismo internacional. Una vez consumado el derrocamiento del presidente Rómulo Gallegos, los editores del diario "La Columna" difunden un discurso legitimador del Golpe de Estado del 24 de Noviembre, asociando al derrocado gobierno con el caos, la inmoralidad, la corrupción y la incapacidad para gobernar, y a las Fuerzas Armadas con el retorno de la moral, con la paz, la seguridad y el bienestar de la familia venezolana.

LDC nuclear power: Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roche, M.

1982-01-01

Venezuela had an aggressive nuclear program when it was under a dictatorship in the 1950s, but it is currently assuming a wait-and-see stance. The country has one small research reactor, but it may have a reactor on-line in the mid-1990s. CONADIN, Venezuela's nuclear energy planning agency, has commissioned feasibility studies and requested proposals for a reactor-siting survey. A recent study for the Venezuelan state oil company suggests tha a natural-uranium, gas-cooled reactor could provide process steam to extract oil from the bituminous tar sands of the Orinoco Basin. Venezuela is also exploring for uranium reserves. 23 references, 1 figure, 2 tables

Aves de la ribera colombiana del Amazonas

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Dugand Armando

1946-08-01

Full Text Available Las 106 especies y subespecies que se mencionan en este trabajo constituyen una lista preliminar de la fauna ornitológica de la región más meridional de Colombia, esto es, la ribera izquierda del rio Amazonas entre la boca del Atacuari y la población de Leticia, capital de la Intendencia del Amazonas, en el extrema sur del territorio que en Colombia llamamos comúnmente "Trapecio Amazónico". La lista esta compuesta principalmente por las colecciones hechas en Leticia y la Isla Ronda par el senor Carlos Lehmann en octubre y noviembre de 1939 y par uno de nosotros -José I. Borrero- en Leticia, Isla Mocagua, Hamacayacu y Loretoyacu en marzo y abril del presente año. Los ejemplares que mencionamos en dicha lista se hallan en la colección ornitológica del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales.

Venezuela: A Full-Year Study

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Higdon, Melody

2006-01-01

This Country Climatology Digest is a climatological study of Venezuela. After describing the geography and major meteorological features of the entire region, the study discusses in detail the climatic controls of Venezuela's weather...

Antecipação do período de diagnose foliar em laranjeira 'Pêra' no Amazonas

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Jairo Rafael Machado Dias

2013-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de se antecipar o período de realização da diagnose foliar em laranjeira 'Pêra'. Vinte e sete pomares representativos da região produtora de laranja do Estado do Amazonas foram monitorados durante o ano agrícola de 2011/2012. Foram realizadas diagnoses da composição nutricional (CND em amostras foliares retiradas durante a floração e quando a árvore apresentava frutos com três e seis meses de idade (época tradicional para o monitoramento nutricional. Pomares com produtividade superior a 25 Mg ha‑1 foram selecionados para o estabelecimento dos padrões de referência. O estado nutricional da laranja variou com o estádio fenológico no qual se realizou a amostragem foliar, o que fez com que fosse necessário estabelecer normas CND para cada período. Com a antecipação da diagnose para o período de floração, observou-se aumento nas concentrações foliares de N, P, K e Cu diminuição e nas de Ca. A antecipação da diagnose foliar em laranja 'Pêra' depende da geração de padrões nutricionais CND específicos para cada época de amostragem.

Importance of energy efficiency in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corrie, R.

1991-01-01

Venezuela's economic development relies heavily on oil. The nation's energy production equals 3.5 million barrels of oil equivalent (boe) per day. Oil comprises 71% of the energy Venezuela produces, natural gas 20%, hydro 9% and coal 1%. Of the energy produced, Venezuela exports three quarters and consumes the remainder. Over 99% of Venezuela's energy exports are crude oil and oil products. Economic problems have constrained Venezuela's development in recent years. Saddled with an external debt of $US 32 billion, Venezuela will continue to encounter barriers for years to come. The nation is, however, in the process of restructuring its economy. As part of this process, the Venezuelan government has begun to integrate opportunities for improving the efficiency of its energy use. As a major oil producer and exporter, Venezuela is conscious of its responsibility to the international community to limit its emissions of energy-related CO 2 into the atmosphere. For this reason, the Venezuelan government is in the process of creating a program to conserve and ration the use of energy. This effort incorporates a number of measures including the substitution of natural gas for liquid fuels for all end uses (including transportation activities), the increased reliance on hydropower in the generation of electricity and the reduction of waste in the production of natural gas to 2% of the economically recollectable volume

Moluscos asociados a las raíces sumergidas del mangle rojo Rhizophora mangle, en el Golfo de Santa Fe, Estado Sucre, Venezuela

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B. Márquez

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio mensual cualitativo y cuantitativo de la comunidad de moluscos asociados a las raíces sumergidas del mangle rojo, Rhizophora mangle, entre octubre de 1998 y septiembre de 1999, en seis estaciones del Golfo de Santa Fe (Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Se colectaron e identificaron un total de 4 704 individuos pertenecientes a 45 especies de moluscos (22 gasterópodos, 15 bivalvos y 8 polyplacóforos. Las especies más abundantes fueron: Crassostrea rhizophorae, Isognomon bicolor L alatus y Brachidontes exustus. Los valores más altos de diversidad y equitabilidad, y los menores valores de dominancia, se encontraron en las estaciones tres y cuatro, mientras que lo opuesto ocurrió en las estaciones uno y dos. El análisis de afinidad mostró que en las cinco primeras estaciones las variaciones espaciales en la composición de la comunidad son mayores que las variaciones temporales, mientras que en la estación seis priman las diferencias temporales. Se encontraron factores que podrían ser importantes para determinar la estructura de la comunidad, como vecindad a otros ecosistemas y/6 aspectos biológicos específicos de las especies como adaptaciones a condiciones fluctuantes, hábitos alimenticios y migración en busca de ambientes sombreados y protegidos.A qualitative and quantitative monthly study of the mollusks community associated to the submered roots of the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle (L., between October of 1998 and September of 1999, in six stations of the Gulf of Santa Fe. (Suere State, Venezuela. Were collected 4 704 specimens, 45 species of mollusks were identified (22 gastropods, 15 bivalves and 8 chitons. The most abundant species were: Crassostrea rhizophorae, Isognomon bicolor, L alatus and Brachidontes exustus. The highest values in diversity and evenness, and the smallest dominant values, were in the stations three and four, while the opposed happened in the stations one and two. The analysis of likeness

Venezuela nationalises oil and gas industries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wertheim, Peter Howard; Abrantes, Dayse

2007-01-01

Venezuela President Hugo Chavez has stated he will nationalise the Orinoco belt's extra-heavy oil operations and ask for 'special powers' to rule the country. Since last year, the government has been negotiating with international consortia currently operating in the Orinoco area, so that Venezuela state-owned Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) attains a majority stake in each project (ml)

Consumo de yodo, estado nutricional y situación socioeconómica en dos comunidades con diferente altitud sobre el nivel del mar

OpenAIRE

Bastardo de Castañeda, Gladys; Quintero de Rivas, Yurimay del Valle; Angarita R., Coromoto E.; Acero, Carmen; Barrera, Orgleis; Castañeda, Gabriel; Carrero, Alejandro; Rivas, José Gregorio

2017-01-01

Objetivo: Evaluar el consumo de yodo, el estado nutricional y la situación socioeconómica en escolares de Nueva Bolivia y El Playón, dos zonas andinas con diferente altitud sobre el nivel del mar del Estado Mérida, Venezuela. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron 162 escolares. Se determinaron la hormona estimulante del tiroides (TSH), tiroxina libre (T4L), triyodotironina libre (T3L) séricas y la cantidad de yodo en la sal. La evaluación dietética se realizó mediante una enc...

Estado da Arte nos Quitinozoários: Designação da Ordem, Afinidades Biológicas, Paleoambiente e Breve Histórico no Âmbito das Bacias do Amazonas e do Paraná

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Hilda Leonor Coevas de Azevedo-Soares

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Interpretados sob diversas óticas variando conforme o pensamento científico dos pesquisadores, os quitinozoários constituem um grupo enigmático tanto no que diz respeito ao seu significado como as suas afinidades biológicas. Distribuídos desde o Ordoviciano (Tremadociano até o final Devoniano, estes organismos são hoje ferramentas primordiais na datação desses estratos assim como na prospecção de depósitos de combustíveis fósseis. O presente trabalho levantará, portanto, aspectos da atualidade sobre o estado da arte dos quitinozoários tendo como base à designação da ordem Chitinozoa criada por A. Eisenack em 1931 e posteriormente reformulada pelo mesmo em 1972, com a divisão nas ordens Prosomatifera e Operculifera. Além de suas possíveis afinidades biológicas (filogenia com outros grupos fósseis e viventes como rotíferos e cnidários. No Brasil estes ocorrem desde o final do Ordoviciano? ao Devoniano, desta feita traçaremos um breve histórico sobre os trabalhos desenvolvidos nos últimos cinqüenta anos em duas de suas principais bacias paleozóicas: Amazonas e Paraná.

Nivel cognoscitivo sobre higiene bucal y gingivitis crónica en adolescentes: Colegio “Presidente Kennedy”. Venezuela. 2006

OpenAIRE

Caballero López, Dunia; Cruz Morales, Rosario; Limonta Vidal, Elena del Rosario

2009-01-01

Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal en 68 adolescentes del Colegio “Presidente Kennedy”, perteneciente a la comunidad Julián Blanco, parroquia Petare Norte, municipio Sucre, estado Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela; en el período comprendido de septiembre a diciembre del 2006 con el objetivo de evaluar el nivel cognoscitivo sobre la higiene bucal y gingivitis crónica en estudiantes de 14 años de edad. Se aplicó u...

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE VENEZUELA ROUND STINGRAY UROTRYGON VENEZUELAE SCHULTZ FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN

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KELLY ACEVEDO

2015-06-01

Full Text Available As for most batoid species, little is known about the basic biology of the Venezuela round stingray Urotrygon venezuelae (Urotrygonidae. This study presents information about the reproductive biology of the species, including fecundity, embryonic development stage, relationship between maternal size and fecundity, gonadosomatic (GSI and hepatosomatic (HSI indices, sex ratios, maturity size and size at birth. With all this information, a preliminary reproductive cycle is proposed. A total of 269 specimens were caught with beach seine in Salguero beach, Colombian Caribbean Sea, between August 2005 and October 2006. We propose for U. venezuelae a biological cycle with three reproductive peaks: November-December, March-April and August. Size at sexual maturity was calculated in 176 mm (total length for females and 227 mm for males; fecundity ranged between one and six embryos per female. We found that cloacal diameter and liver weight were better predictors for fecundity than total length for U. venezuelae.

Listado de las especies de Psychodidae (Diptera, Psychodomorpha, Psychodoidea no Phlebotominae de Venezuela, con seis nuevos registros en el estado Falcón | Checklist of the non Phlebotominae Psychodidae (Diptera, Psychodomorpha, Psychodoidea of Venezuela, with six new records in Falcon state

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Dalmiro Cazorla-Perfetti

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Los psicódidos son insectos pequeños de distribución cosmopolita que incluyen taxa de importancia sanitaria. En el presente trabajo, se muestra un catálogo revisado y actualizado de las especies de la familia Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera, Psychodomorpha no Phlebotominae registradas para Venezuela. Hasta el presente se han reportado 31 especies, agrupadas en tres subfamilias, tres tribus y 12 géneros, incluyendo la subfamilia Bruchomyiinae, géneros Notofairchildia spp. (1 especie y Boreofairchildia spp. (1 especie; subfamilia Trichomyiinae, género Trichomyia spp. (2 especies; y la subfamilia Psychodinae, Tribu Setomimini, géneros Alepia spp. (5 especies, Arisemus spp. (5 especies, Australopericoma spp. (3 especies, Balbagathis spp. (3 especies, Didimioza spp. (1 especie, Micrommatos spp. (1 especie, Tonnoira spp. (1 especie, Tribu Psychodini, género Psychoda spp. (6 especies. Se describe por vez primera la presencia de P. alternata, P. alternicula, P. cinerea, P. savaiiensis y P. matogrossensis para el estado Falcón, región nor-occidental, así como también de Clogmia albipunctata de la Tribu Paramormiini. Se comenta sobre la importancia bio-ecológica, sanitaria y forense de los psicódidos no Phlebotominae, y las necesidades de investigación en el país.

Evolución geomorfológica de la planicie lodosa de La Macolla, Península de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón, Venezuela

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Sara Lara

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El área de La Macolla se localiza al SW del faro homónimo en la costa NW de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón, Venezuela. El objetivo del trabajo es abordar una posible explicación de evolución geomorfológica, a partir de los indicadores disponibles en el campo, tales como terraza marina, manglar y barrera o cordón litoral, además de caracterizar los ambientes sedimentológicos distintivos. Se trata de una antigua bahía bordeada por un escarpe de terraza constituido por calizas fosilíferas con un promedio de altura de 80 cm. Este escarpe domina un área de 9.6 ha de planicie lodosa o “mud flat” y una barrera litoral de 3.5 ha. La fracción limosa predominante en los sedimentos de la planicie lodosa y del área de manglar se interpretan como evidencias de condiciones más húmedas que las actuales, que permitieron la meteorización de las calizas circundantes, una escorrentía superficial y el consiguiente transporte hasta las partes más bajas, donde la vegetación halófita se instaló. La evolución de la bahía a llanura cenagosa se atribuye a fluctuaciones del nivel marino y al cierre de cordones litorales por transporte sedimentario.

Indicadores para evaluar el impacto social de las vitrinas de producción agropecuaria en Venezuela

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E. Sanginés

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación con el método dialógico participativo sobre la base de indicadores sociales para evaluar el impacto social de las vitrinas de producción agropecuaria en Venezuela, donde se han incorporado las técnicas de producción de cerdos, aves, cabras y conejos en cama profunda, con alimentación alternativa y cuidado del medio ambiente, bajo la asesoría de la fundación Centro de Investigaciones del Estado para la Producción Experimental Agroindustrial (Ciepe y la Universidad Central de Venezuela (Ucv. Los indicadores propuestos fueron, unidad e integración familiar, generación de empleos, arraigo a la tierra, irradiación a la comunidad, integración horizontal y vertical. Con la cooperación entre los organismos del Estado, la Universidad y los productores se han mejorado todos los indicadores y se han recuperado formas de trabajo colectivo en algunas fincas. Es ampliamente recomendable el uso de tecnologías de punta para el bienestar animal con bajo impacto ambiental (que repercuten en el bienestar humano al fomentar la unidad e integración de la familia, generación de ambientes más sanos (al promover la alimentación balanceada y al generar formas de integración social y comunitaria. La estanciade investigación demostró que vale la pena seguir investigando esta alternativa desde varias perspectivas y analizar en distintas condiciones el uso de esta tecnología.

Calidad de la democracia en Venezuela

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Luis Eduardo León Ganatios

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de una reforma constitucional en Venezuela, en el año 1999 se introdujeron mecanismos de democracia directa como el referendo o el plebiscito. A pesar de que este proceso amplió las vías de participación ciudadana en la vida política, hubo importantes retrocesos en libertades y derechos civiles y políticos básicos. La finalidad de este artículo consiste en medir la calidad de la democracia en Venezuela con base en una serie de indicadores derivados de la concepción de poliarquía de Robert Dahl (1993.Palabras Clave: Calidad de la democracia; Venezuela; Indicadores; estudio comparado; poliarquía.Quality of Democracy in VenezuelaAbstractSince 1999 a constitutional reform in Venezuela introduced some mechanisms of direct democracy such as the referendum and the plebiscite. Although this process broadened the means for citizens’ participation in the political system, there were important setbacks in political and civil liberties. The goal of this paper is to measure the quality of democracy according to a series of indicators that draw upon Robert Dahl’s conception of polyarchy.Keywords: Quality of democracy; Venezuela; indicators; comparative studies; polyarchy.

Los ferrocarriles de servicio público en Venezuela (1870-1990

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Santamaría García, Antonio

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Not available

Este artículo es un estado de la cuestión sobre la historia de los ferrocarriles de servicio público en Venezuela. El trabajo formó parte del proyecto financiado por la Fundación de los Ferrocarriles Españoles, “Los Ferrocarriles Latinoamericanos Ayer, Hoy y Mañana” (1990-92, cuyo objetivo fue construir una base de datos con la bibliografía y las fuentes, fundamentalmente estadísticas, existentes para el estudio del tema. A continuación presentamos los resultados para el caso venezolano, manteniendo como hipótesis que el desarrollo ferroviario en ese país estuvo más determinado que en el resto de América Latina por las necesidades de la construcción del Estado y de integración de la economía nacional en el mercado mundial como productora primario-exportadora. Tal fue la dependencia que aquél tuvo de estos elementos, que tras la finalización del ciclo alcista primario- exportador en las décadas de 1920-30, la explotación ferroviaria sufrió una crisis cuya solución fue el cierre de las líneas.

Tuberculose na população indígena de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil Tuberculosis among the indian population in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio Levino

2007-07-01

Full Text Available O estudo descreve a situação da tuberculose no Município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, no período de 1997 a 2002. Este município de população predominantemente indígena constitui uma importante noso-área da Amazônia para o problema da tuberculose, cuja magnitude se expressa por intermédio do coeficiente 2,4 vezes mais elevado que a média estadual e até quatro vezes mais que a média nacional. Análises estatísticas utilizadas para avaliar a tendência em relação à associação com a idade, o sexo e a forma clínica revelaram diferenças no comportamento da endemia, quando comparados os coeficientes de incidência entre os casos de procedência urbana e rural. As taxas padronizadas mostraram a população masculina com uma incidência mais elevada que a feminina nas duas áreas de residência. A faixa etária mais atingida foi acima de 50 anos, porém a proporção de menores de 15 anos se mostrou acima dos valores esperados na população geral do país, além de apresentar diferentes níveis de gravidade nas subáreas rurais estudadas. Os achados indicam que esta situação pode ser explicada pelas desigualdades, sobretudo, relativas à acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde que, contraditoriamente, parecem menos resolutivos na área urbana.This study describes the tuberculosis situation in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State, Brazil, from 1997 to 2002. The county, which has a predominantly Indian population, is a relevant tuberculosis area in Amazonas, since the infection rate is 2.4 to 4 times that of the overall State and national rates. The statistical analyses used to assess its association with age, gender, and clinical form showed differences in the endemic behavior, comparing the urban and rural incidence rates. Males had higher standardized incidence rates than females in both the urban and rural areas. The most heavily affected age group was greater than 50 years, but the rate among

Venezuela Rahvusraamatukogu juht kuulutas sõja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Venezuela Rahvusraamatukogu direktor Fernando Baez kuulutas, et tema juhtimisel püüab Venezuela rahvusraamatukogu saavutada juhirolli Ladina-Ameerikas, kuna USA Kongressi Raamatukogust on saanud raamatukogude suurimaid vaenlasi ajaloos

Kaos. Venezuelas top flirter med Hizbollah

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gelardi, Maiken

2017-01-01

Terrororganisationen Hizbollah har længe brugt Venezuela som base i det ekstremt lukrative narkotikamarked.......Terrororganisationen Hizbollah har længe brugt Venezuela som base i det ekstremt lukrative narkotikamarked....

International Commercial Arbitration in Venezuela

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Elena P. Ermakova

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In the above article author describes evolution of legal regulation of international commercial arbitration in Venezuela. Author cites statistics of arbitration centers in Venezuela activities. In past two decades many Latin American countries have reformed their arbitration law. In an effort to modernize its arbitral institutions several Latin American countries adopted Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration of the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL. In addition, many Latin American countries have adopted the monistic system. Author pays detailed attention to this issue, discusses concept of a monistic system - a system in which a unique set of rules governs both domestic and international arbitration. Author argues that legal system of Venezuela fits this definition. Venezuelan law on arbitration in 1998 makes no distinction between domestic and international arbitration. Arbitration was included in judicial system under the Constitution of Venezuela of the 1999. Art. 258 of the Venezuelan Constitution states that arbitration, conciliation and mediation are alternative ways of resolving disputes.

Hanseníase em populações indígenas do Amazonas, Brasil: um estudo epidemiológico nos municípios de Autazes, Eirunepé e São Gabriel da Cachoeira (2000 a 2005 Leprosy in indigenous populations of Amazonas State, Brazil: an epidemiological study in the counties of Autazes, Eirunepé and São Gabriel da Cachoeira (2000 to 2005

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Elsia Belo Imbiriba

2009-05-01

Full Text Available O Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, apresentou, em 2005, coeficientes hiperendêmicos de detecção de hanseníase e prevalência de média endemicidade. O estado detém a maior população indígena no país, mas inexistem informações sobre o perfil da hanseníase nesses grupos. O estudo objetivou a descrição e análise das características epidemiológicas das notificações de hanseníase nos municípios de Autazes, Eirunepé e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, comparando achados entre indígenas e não indígenas, segundo variáveis de interesse. Foram analisados os casos notificados no SINAN, no período de 2000 a 2005. Do total de 386 casos notificados, verificaram-se coeficientes médios de detecção de 3,55, 14,94 e 2,13/10 mil (entre os não indígenas e de 10,95, 1,93 e 0,78/10 mil (para os indígenas, para Autazes, Eirunepé e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, respectivamente. Houve predomínio de casos paucibacilares em indígenas e em não indígenas, no entanto, a forma dimorfa representou 1/3 das notificações. Apesar das limitações de cobertura e do sub-registro, os achados sugerem que a hanseníase representa importante problema de saúde pública para os indígenas no Amazonas. A classificação segundo "raça/etnicidade" se constituiu em ferramenta útil para elucidar desigualdades em saúde.In 2005, Amazonas State, Brazil, showed hyperendemic leprosy detection coefficients and prevalence with medium endemicity. Although this State has the largest indigenous population in Brazil, there are no data on the leprosy profile in these groups. This study aimed to describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy case reporting in the municipalities (counties of Autazes, Eirunepé, and São Gabriel da Cachoeira, comparing indigenous and non-indigenous findings according to target variables. A total of 386 cases reported to SINAN from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed. Mean detection rates were 3.55, 14.94, and 2.13/10,000 (among non

Can Venezuela's oil sector endure Chavez' ambitions any longer?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honkoop, J.

2009-07-01

The author describes the decline of Venezuela's oil industry as well as President Chavez' reaction to Venezuela's budgetary crisis. Politicization, falling investment and the obligation to take upon itself a plethora of social spending have left national oil company Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. unable to produce efficiently and maintain production levels. Falling oil production and lower oil prices have in turn left president Hugo Chavez unable to spread the wealth to Venezuela's poor and he is searching desperately for ways to extract yet more from Venezuela's dysfunctional economy. As funds run out, Venezuela's expensive foreign policy, supporting regional allies, in particular Cuba, and seeking to export anywhere but the United States, proves overly expensive. Venezuela's impoverished masses, still supportive of Chavez during February's elections, may become less so as funds for social programmes run out. For Chavez it is a time for making choices... otherwise the people of Venezuela will choose for him. [nl

Venezuela and China

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Agustin, Oscar Garcia

2016-01-01

of a political and economic model which can inspire or be followed by other countries. Although China's influence and increasing power in Venezuela is unquestionable in economic terms, the Venezuelan government uses its agreements with China strategically to legitimate its policies, in the name of a South...... draws on this context of 'interdependent hegemony' to explore the existing relationship between Venezuela, as a swing state, and China, as one of the Big Three global powers. Particularly, I focus on Venezuelan efforts to develop, at the domestic and regional level, a counterhegemonic political project...

Nuclear power planning study for Venezuela. Estudio de planificacion nucleoelectrica para Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1978-01-01

The optimum capacity for nuclear power plants that might be built in Venezuela in the period 1985-2000 and the best time for incorporating them into the electric system is defined. The most recent forecasts regarding growth of the population and demand, and of the economy in general, and the taking into account the costs for the fossil-fuel and hydroelectric resources known to exist in Venezuela, as compared with the costs of importing uranium, are discussed.

Flebotomofauna al sureste del estado Lara, Venezuela

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Luis Eduardo Traviezo

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Introducción. El reporte de 522 casos de leishmaniasis cutánea americana entre los años1988 al 2002 en el estado Lara (específicamente al sureste donde hubo un repunte, motivó elestudio de los vectores implicados en la transmisión. Objetivos. Determinar la abundancia, diversidad y distribución de flebótomos durante un añoen 11 poblaciones situadas entre los 600 y 1600 metros sobre el nivel del mar, relacionandosu abundancia con elementos climáticos. Materiales y métodos. Para las capturas se utilizaron trampas CDC (18:00 a 06:00 horascolocadas en zonas domésticas, peridomésticas y selváticas de casas donde hubo casos deleishmaniasis cutánea y se utilizó trampa Shannon en los alrededores de éstas, entre las19:30 y las 22:50 horas. Resultados. Se identificaron 10.326 ejemplares (8.867 hembras y 1.459 machos con unadiversidad de 11 especies, siendo Lutzomyia youngi (Feliciangeli & Murillo 1987, la másabundante con un 96,54%, seguida de Lutzomyia ovallesi (Ortiz, 1952 con 2,9%,caracterizándose L. youngi por tener predilección por los ambientes peridomésticos y seapreció mayor actividad desde las 19:30 a las 20:30 horas (Shannon. La población de LasMaticas (1360 msnm presentó la mayor abundancia, con un pico anual que coincidió con elfinal del verano, las primeras lluvias del invierno (régimen unimodal, la mayor temperaturamedia mensual del año (24°C y la menor humedad mensual del año (70%. Conclusión. Esta información permite conocer la población, ambiente y época del año dondese incremente la probabilidad de transmisión de la enfermedad, por la abundancia de lasespecies vectoras.

Cambios institucionales: La descentralización en Venezuela

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José Ramírez

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un esbozo de un conjunto de hechos históricos ocurridos en el transcurrir de los siglos XIX y XX, concebidos como antecedentes de la descentralización en Venezuela. Esos acontecimientos son interpretados y analizados dentro del amplio contexto político de la organización y consolidación del Estado desde los inicios de la República en el siglo XIX hasta la creación de la Comisión Presidencial para la Reforma del Estado (COPRE en 1984. Se parte de una noción sobre las bases teóricas de esas estrategias del desarrollo, se busca el vínculo a lo largo del proceso histórico republicano desde los tiempos del federalismo en adelante, se hace un diagnóstico e interpretación de la regionalización, y se aborda el origen de la descentralización y sus objetivos. A modo de conclusión se reafirma la apreciación teórica y metodológica de esas propuestas para el desarrollo, se insiste en su indisoluble unión a lo histórico, se deslinda el momento de inicio de la aceleración del crecimiento económico a partir de la regionalización, y se ratifica la descentralización como propuesta política para la modernización de la democracia partidista de finales del siglo XX.

Desigualdades na mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de Souza

2013-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar as taxas e algumas características da mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no Amazonas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em que os dados de óbito foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os populacionais no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram utilizados todos os registros de suicídio do período de 2006-2010 e a interpolação geométrica anual para a estimação das subpopulações. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 688 suicídios no Amazonas, dos quais 19,0% em indígenas. A taxa ajustada de mortalidade por suicídio (TAMS nos indígenas, de 18,4/100 mil, foi 4,4 vezes superior a dos não indígenas. A TAMS em indígenas aumentou 1,6 vez em 2010 em relação a 2006. Nos municípios de Tabatinga e São Gabriel da Cachoeira, as TAMS foram muito altas, 75,8 e 41,9/100 mil, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se o comportamento desigual das taxas de mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas, expondo não só sua importância local, como também sua invisibilidade como problema de saúde pública, principalmente entre jovens 15 e 24 anos.

Óleo de andiroba: processo tradicional da extração, uso e aspectos sociais no estado do Amazonas, Brasil Crapwood oil: traditional extraction, use and social aspects in the state of Amazonas, Brasil

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Andreza P. Mendonça

2007-01-01

Full Text Available O processo tradicional de extração do óleo das sementes de andiroba foi levantado em três municípios (Anamã, Manacapuru e Silves no Estado do Amazonas. Em 1992 e 2004, foi aplicado um questionário a 38 extratoras. Sementes das duas espécies de andiroba (Carapa procera D.C. e Carapa guianensis Aubl. foram utilizadas como matéria prima. O processo tradicional é complexo, demora cerca de dois meses e pode ser dividido em três etapas: 1. A coleta, seleção de sementes boas e um primeiro armazenamento (3-15 dias. 2. O preparo da massa pelo cozimento das sementes em água (1-3 horas, um segundo período de armazenamento (até 20 dias e finalizada pela retirada da casca e o amassamento das amêndoas. 3. A extração do óleo (até 30 dias, pelo gotejamento colocando a massa sobre uma superfície inclinada. Óleo extraído na sombra foi considerado de melhor qualidade do que no sol, porém o processo é mais demorado. Uma segunda extração com a prensa ("tipiti", usada na fabricação de farinha, foi raramente empregada. Verificaram-se pequenas variações entre os procedimentos das extratoras, aparentemente com conseqüências na rentabilidade e na qualidade do óleo. Na primeira e segunda etapa da extração participaram membros da família e/ou vizinhos, ao contrário da etapa final, realizada por uma única mulher. Enquanto, transmissão do conhecimento tradicional, em geral, costuma passar de geração por geração pela oralidade e observação, este estudo revelou, que os jovens não participam mais da extração. Fato, que no futuro próximo, pode causar a perda de conhecimento em relação à extração do óleo de andiroba pelo método tradicional.The traditional method of oil extraction from crabwood seeds was observed in three municipalities (Anamã, Manacapuru e Silves in the state of Amazonas. In 1992 and 2004 a total of 38 producers were interviewed. Seeds of two species (Carapa procera D.C. and Carapa guianensis Aubl. were

Validación de "infarto de miocardio" como causa de muerte en certificados de defunción, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela

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Granero Ricardo

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Las tasas de mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica (CI han sido utilizadas ampliamente en el diagnóstico de la salud cardiovascular de regiones y países. Sin embargo, su validez ha sido cuestionada fundamentalmente por lo que le da origen: el certificado de defunción (CDD. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de establecer la validez del diagnóstico "infarto de miocardio (IM" como causa de muerte en los CDD de muertes intra-hospitalarias en la ciudad de Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. Entre julio de 1991 y junio de 1992, se identificaron todos los CDD con las características mencionadas, se trató de ubicar la historia clínica correspondiente a cada caso y cualquier otra información clínica pertinente. Se registraron 247 CDD elegibles y se ubicó información clínica adecuada en 136 casos (55%. Aplicando los criterios del Proyecto MONICA, se encontraron M-definitivo en 62 casos (45,6%, IM-probable en 31 casos (22,8% y No-IM en 43 casos (31,6%. Los resultados indican que existe un sobre registro de casos de muerte por IM del 32% (intervalo de confianza del 95% = 23,8-39,4. A la luz de estos resultados es necesario estudiar los factores que inciden en la exactitud de los diagnósticos IM en los CDD. Con esto tendríamos elementos para revisar las normas y los procedimientos empleados en la producción y manejo de los CDD, así como preparar un programa de educación para mejorar la precisión de los mismos.

Validación de "infarto de miocardio" como causa de muerte en certificados de defunción, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Granero

Full Text Available Las tasas de mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica (CI han sido utilizadas ampliamente en el diagnóstico de la salud cardiovascular de regiones y países. Sin embargo, su validez ha sido cuestionada fundamentalmente por lo que le da origen: el certificado de defunción (CDD. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de establecer la validez del diagnóstico "infarto de miocardio (IM" como causa de muerte en los CDD de muertes intra-hospitalarias en la ciudad de Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. Entre julio de 1991 y junio de 1992, se identificaron todos los CDD con las características mencionadas, se trató de ubicar la historia clínica correspondiente a cada caso y cualquier otra información clínica pertinente. Se registraron 247 CDD elegibles y se ubicó información clínica adecuada en 136 casos (55%. Aplicando los criterios del Proyecto MONICA, se encontraron M-definitivo en 62 casos (45,6%, IM-probable en 31 casos (22,8% y No-IM en 43 casos (31,6%. Los resultados indican que existe un sobre registro de casos de muerte por IM del 32% (intervalo de confianza del 95% = 23,8-39,4. A la luz de estos resultados es necesario estudiar los factores que inciden en la exactitud de los diagnósticos IM en los CDD. Con esto tendríamos elementos para revisar las normas y los procedimientos empleados en la producción y manejo de los CDD, así como preparar un programa de educación para mejorar la precisión de los mismos.

Description of a new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae from the Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil

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Lucas Ribeiro Jarduli

Full Text Available The first species of Microglanis from the rio Amazonas, Amazonas State, Brazil is described. This species differs from all congeners by the forked caudal fin, and color pattern of the supraoccipital region consisting of two elliptical and juxtaposed pale spots, besides a combination of morphometrics characters.

NÚCLEO DE DESARROLLO ENDÓGENO SOCIALISTA Y FINCA INTEGRAL: CONSTRUYENDO LA SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA EN VENEZUELA

OpenAIRE

Silva, Silvia; Escalona, Miguel

2013-01-01

El objetivo de esta investigación fue sistematizar dos experiencias de producción agropecuaria con prácticas agroecológicas buscando identificar su contribución a la soberanía alimentaria en Venezuela: Núcleo de Desarrollo Endógeno Socialista La Limonera (NUDES), en Caracas y Finca integral Rivera-Parra, en el estado Mérida. La sistematización cuantitativa se hizo mediante la aplicación de una metodología híbrida de MESMIS (Masera et al. 2000) y Sarandón y otros (2006) probada por Silva y Pér...

Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos sobre pediculosis capitis en arenales, Estado Falcón, Venezuela Clinical and epidemiological aspects on pediculosis capitis in, Falcon State, Venezuela

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D Cazorla PerfettI

2012-03-01

Full Text Available la pediculosis capitis humana es una infestación del cuero cabelludo y del pelo, ocasionada por el Pediculus humanus capitis, la que puede producir infecciones bacterianas secundarias en el sitio del rascado, anemia y estrés social y psicológico con alteración en la calidad de vida y consternación. Entre Marzo y Julio de 2011, se realizó un trabajo para estudiar aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de la pediculosis capitis en 199 personas (79 varones y 120 mujeres, habitantes de diferentes grupos etéreos (0-75 años; ± D.S= 21,28 ± 17 de la población rural Arenales, zona semiárida del estado Falcón, región nor-occidental de Venezuela. El diagnóstico ectoparasitológico se realizó por observación directa con peine "ad hoc" de huevos (liendres, estados imaginales y/o pre-imaginales sobre el cuero cabelludo. Los insectos se clarificaron y montaron en medio de Hoyer para observación microscópica. Los resultados revelaron una prevalencia global de pediculosis capitis del 10,10% (20/199, con porcentajes de infestación significativamente mayores en las niñas (90 vs 10% [Odds Ratio (OR = 3,04; p = 0,01] en edad escolar (OR= 1,02; p =0,015; con longitudes de cabello mayores de 3 cm (OR = 2,44; p = 0,004 y de tipo lisotrico (OR = 2,25; p = 0,015, sin embargo, no fueron diferentes entre grupos étnicos y color de pelo (P > 0,05. Se detectó un predominio de liendres (65% desde 1 hasta 64/individuos, ubicadas entre 0,1 y 9 cm del cuero cabelludo en todas las regiones de la cabeza, teniendo los individuos de menor edad las mayores cargas ectoparasitarias. Los síntomas significativamente asociados a pediculosis fueron el prurito (6,53% en individuos infestados y 12,06% en los no infestados; OR =11,99; p = 0,000 y las excoriaciones (1,51% en niños infestados y 3,52% en los no infestados; OR =4,34; p = 0,03. Otros posibles factores de riesgo significativamente involucrados en la dinámica de transmisión y mantenimiento de la infestaci

78 FR 55096 - Ferrosilicon from Russia and Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-09

... from Russia and Venezuela Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject... Venezuela of ferrosilicon, provided for in subheadings 7202.21.10, 7202.21.50, 7202.21.75, 7202.21.90, and... with material injury by reason of LTFV imports of ferrosilicon from Russia and Venezuela. Accordingly...

Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations

Science.gov (United States)

2016-11-21

supported the 30 Amnesty International, “Venezuela, Los Derechos Humanos en Riesgo en Medio de Protestas...iachr/docs/annual/2015/doc-en/ InformeAnual2015-cap4-Venezuela-EN.pdf Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos (PROVEA) http

Urgencias por caries dental en pacientes de 4 a 12 años. Municipio Píritu, Venezuela. 2011

OpenAIRE

Mirabal Peón, Magaly Sofía; Tabares Alonso, Yadelis; Duque Reyes, María Victoria; Alfonso Biart, Belkis; Reyes Martín, Belkis; Villegas Rojas, Ivernis

2014-01-01

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en los pacientes que acudieron a la clínica odontológica de Píritu, estado Falcón, Venezuela, en el período de junio a diciembre de 2011, y resultaron ser urgencia por caries dental. Con el objetivo de identificar el comportamiento de la misma, en las edades de 4 a 12 años, se clasificó la caries dental según localización y profundidad de las lesiones, se diagnosticó las patologías pulpares agudas encontradas con mayor frecuencia,...

Desigualdades na mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Souza, Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de; Orellana, Jesem Douglas Yamall

2013-01-01

OBJETIVO: Analisar as taxas e algumas características da mortalidade por suicídio entre indígenas e não indígenas no Amazonas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em que os dados de óbito foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os populacionais no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram utilizados todos os registros de suicídio do período de 2006-2010 e a interpolação geométrica anual para a estimação das subpopulações. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 688 suicídio...

Análisis de vulnerabilidad ambiental de la cuenca alta del río San Pedro, estado Miranda, Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haideé Coromoto Marín

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizó la vulnerabilidad ambiental por inundación y desplazamiento en comunidades asentadas en la Cuenca alta del río San Pedro, municipio Guaicaipuro, estado Miranda; Venezuela usando SIG. El área de estudio se dividió en dos zonas, una ligeramente intervenida (A y otra fuertemente intervenida (B, para obtener los mapas temáticos usados como indicadores, los cuales se estandarizaron mediante la técnica de re-clasificación asignándoles valores numéricos en una escala del 1 al 5. Los resultados muestran que la vulnerabilidad por inundación en la subcuenca siguió la siguiente tendencia: clase media (3 33.75% > clase Baja (2 31.91% > clase muy Baja (1 26.86% > clase Alta (4 6.12% > clase muy alta (5 1.37%, no obstante las clases alta y muy alta se corresponde con comunidades cercanas al río, caracterizadas por la presencia de desarrollos urbanos, alta actividad agrícola, sugiriendo un alto riesgo por inundación. La distribución espacial de la vulnerabilidad por desplazamiento sugiere que predomina la clase media (3 y baja (2, las cuales representan el 50.58% y 36.25% respectivamente, mientras que el resto de las clase como alta (4, muy baja (1 y muy alta (5 mostraron porcentajes de 9.37, 3.29 y 0.41 respectivamente. Las clases de vulnerabilidad alta y muy alta están localizadas en el área de mayor intervención (Zona B, con un patrón muy irregular asociado a suelos con altas pendientes (>30% y manejo de suelo con cultivos pocos protectores como las hortalizas, favoreciendo procesos de degradación e incidiendo en la sustentabilidad de la zona. Los resultados obtenidos han servido para discriminar cuales comunidades son más vulnerables y establecer prioridades en cuanto a la intervención para minimizar los impactos ambientales.

Venezuela paneb kokku regionaalset energeetikaliitu / Allan Espenberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Espenberg, Allan

2007-01-01

Venezuela pealinnas toimus organisatsiooni Petrocaribe kolmas tippkohtumine. Petrocaribe, mis liidab peamiselt Kariibi mere riike ja tegeleb energeetikaküsimustega, algatas 2 aastat tagasi Venezuela president Hugo Chavez. Organisatsiooni kuulub 16 riiki

Primeiro registro de Eufriesea laniventris (Ducke, 1902 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini no Amazonas, Brasil First record of Eufriesea laniventris (Ducke, 1902 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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Eliana Fernandez Storti

2004-01-01

Full Text Available É registrada pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Eufriesea laniventris no Amazonas. No ano 2000, foram coletados seis exemplares na região de Manaus (2º 36' S e 60º 02' W atraídos pelas substâncias odoríferas 1,8 cineol e salicilato de metila.The first record of Eufriesea laniventris in the state of Amazonas is here reported. Attracted to 1.8 cineole and methyl salicylate fragrances, six specimens were colected in the region of Manaus (2º 36' S 60º 02' W during the year 2000.

Presencia de Aedes albopictus en Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia

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Iván Darío Vélez

1998-09-01

Full Text Available La especie Aedes albopictus es un eficiente vector del dengue en Asia y, posiblemente, de otros arbovirus incluyendo la fiebre amarilla y la encefalitis. En la ultima década se ha extendido la distribución de A. albopictus a las Américas. En la ciudad de Tabatinga, Brasil, muy cerceide la frontera con Colombia, se ha informado la presencia de esta especie en 1996 y, posteriormente, en octubre de 1997. En marzo de 1998, en desarrollo de un e&udio sobre enfermedades tropicales realizado por el Programa de Estudio y Cotítrol de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, de la Universidad de Antioquia y la secretaría de Salud del Amazonas, se capturaron 8 ejemplares adultos de A. albopictus en la ciudad de Leticia, departamento del Amazonas, siendo éste el primer hallazgo de esta especie en Colombia. La presencia en Colombia de A. albopictus vuelve más complejo el problema del dengue por la mayor adaptación de este vector a climas más fríos, la capacidad de transmisión transovariana, la buena capacidad vectorial para transmitir los cuatro serotipos del virus y la mayor dificultad para su control dado que sus criaderos están en áreas peridomésticas y rurales. La distribución de esta especie tanto en zonas selváticas como rurales y urbanas presenta un peligro potencial de urbanizar la transmisión de la fiebre amarilla. Se presenta el plan de contingencia que se debe implementar por parte de la Secretaría de Salud del Amazonas con miras a evitar la propagación de este vector a otras regiones del país.

Trends in fatal snakebites in Venezuela, 1995-2002.

Science.gov (United States)

Benítez, Jesús A; Rifakis, Pedro M; Vargas, Jair A; Cabaniel, Gilberto; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J

2007-01-01

There have been few studies evaluating snakebite mortality in Venezuela and South America. In this study we evaluate trends in fatal snakebites occurring in Venezuela between 1995 and 2002. Epidemiological data for this study were retrieved from the records of the Ministry of Health of Venezuela. Using these data, we analyzed the impact of snakebites in Venezuela during the study period. During the study period, there were 266 reports of death due to snakebite; 79.7% were males, and 20.3% were females (P Mortality rate by age showed an age-dependent rate, with higher rates in older ages (P = .038). Snake envenomations are an important cause of injury and deaths in Venezuela as in many American countries. Surveillance of envenomations is essential for establishing guidelines, planning therapeutic supplies, and training medical staff on snakebite treatment, as well as assessing risk zones for travelers.

Fontes de resistência à murcha bacteriana em germoplasma de Capsicum spp. do estado do Amazonas Sources of resistance against bacterial wilt in Capsicum spp. germoplasm of the Amazonas state

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Liane Cristine Rebouças Demosthenes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é uma das doenças mais importantes do gênero Capsicum no Brasil. No Amazonas, as condições de elevada temperatura e umidade favorecem o desenvolvimento da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência à murcha bacteriana de germoplasma, selvagem e comercial, de Capsicum spp. Foram avaliados 22 acessos de Capsicum em casa de vegetação. A inoculação foi feita mediante ferimento das raízes, seguido de adição no solo, ao redor das plantas, de suspensão bacteriana na concentração de 10(8 ufc mL-1. A avaliação foi feita diariamente a partir do quarto dia após a inoculação, em função desenvolvimento dos sintomas. A partir das médias de progresso dos sintomas foi construída a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, e os dados submetidos ao teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o programa estatístico SAEG 9.1. Foram selecionados os acessos 30, 20 e 17, da espécie C. chinense, como resistentes à murcha bacteriana para ensaios futuros em programas de melhoramento genético.The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important in the genus Capsicum in Brazil. In the state of Amazonas, high temperatures and humidity favor the development of the disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance in germoplasm of wild and commercial Capsicum spp. to bacterial wilt. Twenty two accesses of Capsicum spp. were evaluated in greenhouse conditions. The inoculation was made by means of wounds in the roots, followed by addition of bacterial suspension in the concentration of 10(8 ufc ml-1 in the soil, around the plants. Plant evaluation was made daily after the fourth day of the inoculation (DAI considering the symptoms progress. From the average progress of symptoms was constructed the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, and the data submitted to the Scott-Knott test at 5% of

78 FR 58556 - Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-24

... From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the... antidumping duty orders on imports of silicomanganese from India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela would be likely to... Venezuela. Background The Commission instituted these reviews on October 1, 2012 (77 FR 59970) and...

Energy sector developments in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pantin, R.

1997-01-01

The current state and future development of the oil, gas and coal sector in Venezuela was discussed. Venezuela has oil reserves of 73 billion barrels, gas reserves of 143 TCF and coal reserves of 6 billion BOE. The country has a refining capacity of 2.9 million barrels per day, a petrochemical capacity of 7.7 million tons per year, and a coal capacity of 4.6 million tons per year. The largest refiners in Venezuela are Shell, Exxon, PDVSA, Mobil, BP, Chevron and Texaco. In 1996 the total oil and derivatives exports for Venezuela were 2.8 million barrels per day. Fifty-eight companies from 14 countries participate in the Venezuelan upstream market. Fifteen operating agreements have been awarded to 27 companies from nine countries. Third round operating agreements have been awarded to 26 companies and profit sharing agreements are in force involving 14 companies. Four vertically integrated projects (Maraven-Conoco, Maraven-Total, Corpoven-Arco-Texaco-Phillips, and Lagoven-Mobil-Veba) are currently underway. The Orimulsion(R) project, the refining system, the natural gas production, marketing and transmission system, associated future projects for the 1997-2006 time frame, and developments in the field of petrochemicals also have been reviewed. 21 figs

Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sullivan, Mark P

2005-01-01

... who was first elected in 1998. Under Ch vez, Venezuela has undergone enormous political changes, with a new constitution in place, a new unicameral legislature, and even a new name for the country, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela...

The generation of electric power in a model of endogenous development: possible solutions for isolated communities in the Amazonas State, Brazil; A geracao de energia eletrica em um modelo de desenvolvimento endogeno: possiveis solucoes para as comunidades isoladas do interior do estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica

2006-07-01

This work was developed to fit the generation of electric energy for the isolated communities of the interior of the Amazonas State in a context of endogenous development. A regional development is proposed, with the inclusion of the generation of electric energy for these communities in a context of development, rather than the isolated form proposed in the federal government electrification program of 'Luz Para Todos' (Light For All). (author)

La intervención del estado en la regulación de los riesgos laborales caso: Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Mendoza Querales, Omar Wladimir

2015-01-01

[ES] Con la aprobación de la reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Prevención, Condiciones y Medio Ambiente de Trabajo (Lopcymat), publicada en Gaceta Oficial número 38.236, de fecha 26 de julio de 2005, se abre una nueva página en la larga historia de lucha de los trabajadores, que marcará el futuro de la salud y la seguridad laboral en Venezuela. Esta Ley que promueve la implementación del Régimen de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, en el marco del nuevo Sistema Seguridad Social, abarca la promo...

Intoxicación alimentaria por consumo de carne de caimán negro (Melanosuchus niger en el internado indígena de Nazareth, Amazonas, abril de 1997

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Martha C. Suárez

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Las intoxicaciones alimentarias son ocasionadas por consumo de alimentos en malas condiciones de preparación o de conservación o que han sufrido contaminación con agentes quimicos, fisicos o biológicos. La reciente incorporación de la vigilancia de este evento en el sistema de vigilancia intensificado de la Secretaria de Salud del Amazonas, ha permitido identificar la presencia de brotes de intoxicación alimentaria en el departamento. En abril de 1997, se informó a la Oficina de Epidemiologia de la Secretaria de Salud del Amazonas, la llegada de 30 pacientes al Hospital Empresa Social del Estado San Rafael de Leticia, con un cuadro clinico de dolor abdominal, vómito y cefalea. Las pacientes eran estudiantes adolescentes del internado indígena femenino de Nazareth, que presentaban como antecedente común la ingestión de pescado recalentado el día anterior a su consulta. En la investigación del presente brote de intoxicación alimentaria se comprobó por laboratorio que el alimento implicado era la carne de caimán negro, Melanosuchusniger, contaminada con Bacillus cereus. Esta carne iba a ser vendida como 'pescado seco' en Bogotá, por la gran demanda que tiene este alimento en la época de Semana Santa.

Venezuela, los cambios globales y su política exterior

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Carlos A. ROMERO

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El mundo ha avanzado hacia la globalización, lo que exige que América Latina, con poca relevancia internacional y con una situación económica crítica, busque ajustarse a las nuevas exigencias internacionales mediante "la desregulación y la coordinación económica". También se hace prioritaria la búsqueda de la integración regional tanto a nivel público como privado a través de instituciones como Mercosur y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones.Este artículo plantea las incidencias de la globalización y la integración en la política exterior venezolana y los mecanismos a aplicar para ajustarse al nuevo modelo mundial. Tres son los puntos prioritarios en este sentido: los cambios globales, el petróleo y la política exterior.La situación de Venezuela como país proveedor de petróleo a Estados Unidos le ha permitido ser conservador en sus posiciones y asumir la apertura económica de forma más discreta al resto de países de la región. La democracia es otro tema que rodea las relaciones internacionales, especialmente lo relativo a los derechos humanos y al buen gobierno, y del cual Venezuela se beneficia al procurar un espacio idóneo para su desarrollo.ABSTRACT: The world has moved towards globalization, which means that Latin America, that has low international leverage and a critical economic situation, has to search for an adjustment to the new international demands by means of "deregulation and economic coordination". It is also a priority to pursue the regional integration at the prívate and public levels through institutions such as Mercosur y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones.This article poses the incidences of globalization and integration in the Venezuelan international policy, as wcll as the mechanisms of adjustment to the new world orden. Three elements are pointed out as priorities: the global changes, the petroleum, and the international policy.The situation of Venezuela as a US supplier of petroleum has

El Fenomeno Chavez: Hugo Chavez of Venezuela, Modern Day Bolivar

Science.gov (United States)

2007-03-01

Venezuela’s state owned oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela. Ever seeking opportunities to provoke the giant United States, Chavez agreed to provide...controlled joint “El Fenomeno Chavez” . . . 9 venture, Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA). Exxon Mobil Corporation decided to sell their stakes among...exploited. 9. Major oil companies in Venezuela: 1. Petroleos de Venezuela (PdVSA) – government-owned; generates 1/3 of national GDP; monopolized the

Prevalencia de amebiasis extraintestinal en el estado Bolívar, Venezuela, durante el período 1996-2002.

OpenAIRE

Tutaya, H.; Cermeño-Vivas, J. R.; Cermeño-Vivas, J. J.

2002-01-01

Resumen La Amebiasis Extraintestinal es una presentación de la forma intestinal que implica complicaciones severas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de la amebiasis extraintestinal en el estado Bolívar. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo de los casos de amebiasis extraintestinal del estado durante el período 1996-2001. La única forma de amebiasis extraintestinal encontrada fue el absceso hepático amebiano (6 casos), con una prevalencia de 7,1/1.000 pacien...

Kebijakan Politik Hugo Chavez Dalam Penanggulangan Krisis Ekonomi Venezuela (1998-2008)

OpenAIRE

Pinem, Try Edo Ati

2015-01-01

Hugo Chavez is the President of Venezuela who has an important role for change of political direction to resolve economic crisis in Venezuela with his Bolivarian Revolution. His political and economic policies able to cope with the bad condition in Venezuela. The purpose of this study was (1) to describe the condition of Venezuela when the economic crisis (2) Describe the Bolivarian Revolution (3) Describe the policies of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela tackling the economic crisis...

Comportamiento del riesgo preconcepcional en el consultorio médico El Turagual de Venezuela Pre-conceptional risk behaviour in Turagual medical practice Venezuela

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Gilberto Quevedo Freites

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el riesgo preconcepcional está condicionado por una serie de factores, enfermedades o circunstancias únicas o asociadas, que pueden repercutir desfavorablemente en el binomio madre-hijo, durante el embarazo, parto o puerperio. Objetivo: describir el riesgo preconcepcional en mujeres de 12 a 49 años de edad, atendidas en el consultorio El Turagual, municipio Motatán, en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela, durante el periodo de enero a julio de 2009. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. El universo estuvo constituido por las 134 pacientes registradas como riesgo reproductivo en el periodo mencionado y se trabajó con una muestra de 65 pacientes, seleccionada por el método aleatorio simple. Para la recogida de los datos se revisaron las historias clínicas individuales y familiares, se estudiaron las variables: edad, estado civil, factores de riesgo asociados y los métodos anticonceptivos utilizados. Se trabajó con números absolutos y porcentajes, como medida para cada variable utilizada. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades entre los 35 a 49 años de edad, y el estado civil soltero. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: la inestabilidad sexual, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus, respectivamente. Los métodos anticonceptivos más usados fueron los dispositivos intrauterinos, seguido de las píldoras anticonceptivas. Conclusiones: el riesgo reproductivo se encuentra asociado a la vulnerabilidad, que presentan algunos grupos de personas en la comunidad, por lo que es importante conocer este aspecto para el trabajo preventivo del médico.Introduction: preconceptional risk is conditioned by several factors, diseases and single or associated circumstances which can have unfavorable repercussions on the on mother-child binomial during pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium. Objective: describe pre-conceptional risks in women between 12-49 years old, who are assisted in the Turagual

Plans to revive oil fields in Venezuela on track

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports on the three operating units of Venezuela's state owned oil company Petroleos de Venezuela SA which will begin receiving bids Feb. 28 from companies interested in operating 55 inactive oil fields in nine producing areas of Venezuela. Francisco Pradas, Pdvsa executive in charge of the program, the the company expects 88 companies or combines of foreign and domestic private companies to participate in the bidding. The program, announced last year, aims to reactivate production in marginal oil fields. It will involve the first direct participation by private companies in Venezuela's oil production since nationalization in 1976

Country watch: Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Koch, R

1996-01-01

Since 1990, ACCSI has worked to safeguard the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS in Venezuela. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) had recognized ACCSI's program by 1992, enabling the nongovernmental organization (NGO) to establish fixed office hours during which it can receive clients. ACCSI does not distinguish between people living with HIV/AIDS and others, but considers it important to regulate AIDS as a public health issue within the context of human rights and ethics. Almost all of the Legal Office's initial cases were related to discrimination in the workplace, health centers, and educational institutions, but the ACCSI now also addresses family problems related to adoption, insurance, and inheritance, among others. To cope with the increase in service caseload, services have been extended through collaboration with specialized organizations concerned with human rights, women, children, prisons, and indigenous people. ACCSI influences governmental policy-making through its participation in the National AIDS Program. Moreover, ACCSI's networking activities ensure that the topic of HIV/AIDS and human rights is now always included in seminars and conferences in Venezuela, even when they are concerned with sexually transmitted diseases or other medical issues. Almost every time the press report upon AIDS, they consult the NGO. Everyday more people in Venezuela are standing up for their rights and denouncing discrimination against people infected with HIV.

Muuga joodab Venezuela naftaga Valgevene tehaseid / Anne Oja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oja, Anne, 1970-

2010-01-01

Venezuela toornaftat veetakse Valgevenesse Muuga sadama kaudu. Riia sadam loodab suurema osa Venezuela nafta transiidist endale saada, samas peaks sadam selleks tegema mitmeid töid, nt. süvendama akvatooriumi

Trypanosomatidae de importancia en salud pública en animales silvestres y sinantrópicos en un area rural del municipio Tovar del estado Mérida, Venezuela.

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Héctor de Lima

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas y la leishmaniasis son patologías de gran importancia en salud pública debido a su alta frecuencia y amplia distribución en América Latina. El estudio de los animales reservorios es vital para una comprensión global de estas enfermedades. Objetivo. En el presente trabajo nos propusimos identificar parásitos de la familia Trypanosomatidae en animales silvestres con la finalidad de establecer posibles relaciones debidas a la coinfección. Materiales y métodos. En El Carrizal, un área rural del estado Mérida, Venezuela, entre julio de 1998 y febrero de 2000 se realizaron capturas sistemáticas de animales silvestres con la finalidad de poner en evidencia la presencia de parásitos pertenecientes a la familia Trypanosomatidae. Las capturas fueron realizadas con trampas caseras tipo Tomahawk, colocadas 15 noches por mes durante el periodo del estudio. A los animales capturados se les practicó punción cardiaca bajo anestesia para extracción de sangre con la cual se realizaron los siguientes estudios: examen en fresco, extendido para coloración con Giemsa y cultivo en agar-sangre. Se realizaron algunos xenodiagnósticos. Los aislamientos obtenidos por medio de cultivo se identificaron por medio de análisis de restricción e hibridación con sondas específicas. Resultados. Se capturaron y estudiaron 215 animales pertenecientes a tres especies: Rattus spp. (135, Sigmodon hispidus (73 y Didelphis marsupialis (7. Igualmente, se identificaron tres especies de Trypanosomatidae: Leishmania (V guyanensis, Trypanosoma cruzi y Trypanosoma lewisi. Mientras T. cruzi fue identificado en D. marsupialis (4/7, S. hispidus (1/73 y Rattus spp. (1/135, L.(V guyanensis y T. lewisi sólo se identificaron en Rattus spp. (1/ 135 y 12/135, respectivamente. Conclusión. El estudio de la coexistencia de estas diferentes especies de flagelados genéticamente relacionados nos parece de importancia por las interacciones inmunol

Ocorrência de enteroparasitas na população geronte de Nova Olinda do Norte Amazonas, Brasil Occurrence of enteroparasites in the elderly population of Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil

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Ana Felisa Hurtado-Guerrero

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um estudo para avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitas em um grupo de idosos ribeirinhos, moradores do Município de Nova Olinda do Norte, Estado do Amazonas Brasil, no período de abril e agosto de 1999. Por meio de um estudo de corte transversal foram analisados 81 exames, através do método de Sedimentação Espontânea (Método de Hoffman et al., 1934. Foi constatada positividade em 72,8% dos idosos, predominando o monoparasitismo (43,2%. Os helmintos foram os mais freqüentes (70,4%, destacando-se: Ascaris lumbricoides (35,2%, Trichuris trichiura (16,0%, Ancylostoma duodenale (9,0% e Strongyloides stercoralis (9,0%. Dentre os protozoários (29,5%, a ocorrência de Entamoeba coli foi de 18,2%, Giárdia lamblia de 7,0% e Entamoeba histolytica 4,5%. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre sexo e grau de parasitismo e entre faixas etárias e condição parasitária. Estes resultados evidenciam um quadro de alta prevalência de parasitas intestinais nesta população e discordam dos reportados por outros pesquisadores quando afirmam que a intensidade da infestação por parasitas diminui na idade avançada. Os achados anteriores exigem das autoridades governamentais medidas de controle e educação para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses idosos, considerando a grave repercussão que esses parasitas tem no estado nutricional dos gerontes de baixa renda.A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of enteroparasites attacking elderly people living in a riverside city of the Municipal district of Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas State Brazil. In this cross sectional study were examined the faecal material from 81 elderly people using the method of spontaneous sedimentation (Hoffman et al., 1934. It was found a positiveness in 72,8% of the elderly people examined, predominating the mono parasitism (43,2%. The helminths were more frequents (70,3%: Ascaris lumbricoides (35,2%, Trichuris trichiura (16

HYDROCARBONS RESERVES IN VENEZUELA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez Cruz, D.J.

2007-07-01

Venezuela is an important player in the energy world, because of its hydrocarbons reserves. The process for calculating oil and associated gas reserves is described bearing in mind that 90% of the gas reserves of Venezuela are associated to oil. Likewise, an analysis is made of the oil reserves figures from 1975 to 2003. Reference is also made to inconsistencies found by international experts and the explanations offered in this respect by the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum (MENPET) and Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) regarding the changes that took place in the 1980s. In turn, Hubbert's Law is explained to determine peak production of conventional oil that a reservoir or field will reach, as well as its relationship with remaining reserves. Emphasis is placed on the interest of the United Nations on this topic. The reserves of associated gas are presented along with their relationship with the different crude oils that are produced and with injected gas, as well as with respect to the possible changes that would take place in the latter if oil reserves are revised. Some recommendations are submitted so that the MENPET starts preparing the pertinent policies ruling reserves. (auth)

Venezuela opens up to explorers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kielmas, M.

1995-01-01

The opening of Venezuela's first exploration bidding round since oil nationalisation in 1976 was a turning-point in the country's energy policy. The state oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela (PdVSA), has said that the bidding round could generate investment of some $11 billion eventually in development investment and that over the next 10 years, nearly 20 percent of a planned $55 billion, 10-year state oil company investment programme could also come from foreign or private sector oil investment. Should this optimistic prediction materialise, Venezuela, whose 2.75 million b/d oil production in October was some 400,000 b/d over its Opec quota, will remain both the dominant oil producer in Latin America and the top-ranking oil exporter to the US market. In May this year, Venezuelan oil exports topped 1.43 million b/d, or some 16.8 percent of the US market, compared with Saudi Arabia's 15.7 percent. (author)

Florística y fisonomía de un matorral xerófilo espinoso intervenido en Punta de Piedras, Municipio Miranda, Estado Zulia, Venezuela

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Antonio Vera

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Se determinaron los aspectos florísticos y fisonómicos de un matorral xerófilo espinoso intervenido de Punta de Piedras, municipio Miranda, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se realizaron dieciséis muestreos quincenales, entre noviembre 2005 y junio 2006, para la recolecta, identificación y conteo de las especies tanto en el periodo lluvioso como en el seco. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en 10 manchones de vegetación con un área promedio de 718 ± 706.24 m², en una formación graminiforme en la que se emplearon tres parcelas de 20 x 20 (400 m², dividiéndose cada una de éstas en cuatro subparcelas de 20 x 5 (100 m² y a su vez, dentro de ellas, se delimitaron 12 subparcelas de 1 x 1. (1 m², y también se realizaron recorridos para el reconocimiento de otras especies de la zona. El matorral xerófilo espinoso mostró evidencias de intervención antropogénica como quemas periódicas, deposición de desechos sólidos, caminerías para el tránsito de las personas y asentamientos poblacionales en las zonas circunvecinas; y presentó una vegetación semiárida de espinar costero característica y comparable a la señalada para otras regiones del país. Se identificaron 45 especies agrupadas en 22 familias, entre las cuales destacaron: las Poaceae (6, Mimosaceae (4, Boraginaceae (3, Cactaceae (3 Caesalpinaceae (3, Euphorbiaceae (3 y Fabaceae (3. La intervención antropogénica parece generar la aparición de manchones de vegetación arbustiva y arbórea y de una formación graminiforme o pastizal. En esta última, Aristida venesuelae, Aristida pittieri y Portulaca pilosa presentaron los mayores valores de abundancia y frecuencia relativa cuya sumatoria corresponde a 49.38% y 46.86%, respectivamente; mientras que en los manchones se destacaron dos estratos: uno herbáceo menor a 1 m, y otro estrato arbustivo-arbóreo de bajo porte (2.63 ± 1.37 m de altura media, conformado principalmente por Opuntia wentiana, Piptadenia flava y Jatropha

Regionalização em Saúde no Amazonas: avanços e desafios

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Luiza Garnelo

Full Text Available Resumo O artigo analisa o processo de regionalização em saúde no estado do Amazonas por meio de estudo de caso da regional em Saúde Entorno de Manaus. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-analítica, cujos dados foram coletados através de entrevistas, revisão de documentos e de páginas de internet, tomando como conceito guia a regionalização em saúde. Os achados do estudo mostram uma cena social onde predominam a assimetria, a verticalidade, a competitividade e a fragilidade das relações multilaterais entre municípios, associados a um perfil cartorial das instituições que atuam na região de saúde sob estudo. Os agentes políticos envolvidos no processo têm limitado reconhecimento das condições sociopolíticas e institucionais em que atuam. Tendem a atribuir os problemas de gestão e operacionalização das redes de assistência à configuração dos espaços naturais-geográficos amazônicos, mas seu financiamento, governança e capacidade técnica são insuficientes para superá-los.

Estudo da demanda ambulatorial da clínica de odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas The study of de ambulatory demand of de dental clinic of State University of Amazonas

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Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a demanda ambulatorial da Clínica de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA. Foram entrevistados cem pacientes em tratamento na disciplina de semiologia; por meio de um questionário, foram coletados os dados demográficos e o perfil socioeconômico e por meio de exame clínico foram obtidos o perfil nosológico e o perfil da pressão arterial e das perdas dentais. Os resultados evidenciaram que 52% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com idade predominante entre 20 e 29 anos; 48,3% com o segundo grau incompleto e 60,8% com renda mensal maior que cinco salários mínimos. Quanto à perda dental, os dentes mais acometidos foram os primeiros molares; 29% perderam o primeiro molar superior e 45%, o inferior. O perfil nosológico mais encontrado foi de 31,3% para tratamentos na área de dentística restauradora, seguida de 21% de periodontia e 19% de cirurgia. Apenas um paciente apresentava hipertensão. Concluí-se que a população predominantemente atendida foi de mulheres de classe média baixa, com nível médio de instrução e quadro odontológico precário, evidenciando muitas perdas dentais e necessitando mais de tratamentos reabilitadores do que os preventivos. Com a maior compreensão da realidade dos usuários da clínica odontológica da UEA, será possível melhorar o planejamento do atendimento e das ações para promoção de saúde.The objective of this study was to evaluate the demand of the clinic of Dentistry of UEA. One hundred patients who were being treated in the discipline of Semiology answered a questionnaire that collected data on demographic and socio-economic profile. The clinical examination showed the nosologic profile, the blood pressure and dental losses profile. Results showed that 52% of patients were female, aged between 20 and 29 years, 48.3% with the incomplete high school and 60.8% with monthly income greater than five minimum wages. As for dental loss

Small scale production of vegetal coal in the state of Amazonas, Brazil: legal and social-economical aspects; Producao de carvao vegetal em pequena escala no Amazonas: aspectos legais e socio-ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Roberto Ferreira de; Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues de [Amazonas Univ., Manaus, AM (Brazil). Nucleo de Eficiencia Energetica (NEFEN)]. E-mail: nefen_ua@objetivomao.br

2000-07-01

Being a form of cheap energy, abundant and accessible, the vegetable coal is quite often used generally in the urban and rural areas in the Amazonas state, domestic and commercial use as well. Several families live of the production activity and commercialization of vegetable coal inside the State of Amazonas. However, actions of government organs of the environment area turn more and more difficult the exercise of those activities, creating a situation of clandestine production and in some cases making unfeasible the only form of subsistence of several families. Besides the legal aspect there exist the low technological level, being the production of vegetable coal done in ovens of the type 'hot tail', which cause problems for the users health. The mentioned subjects are discussed in that work based on the study accomplished at three places producing the vegetable coal in the the State of Amazonas hinter side, in the proximities of Manaus. Through the information obtained in the communities a proposal is presented for the small scale production of vegetable coal in a economical, social and environmentally self sustainable way. (author)

Lasers and petroleum in Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

da Costa, G.; Guerri, G.; Calatroni, J. (Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas (Venezuela). Lab. de Optica Cuantica)

1978-06-01

The viscosity of heavy hydrocarbons is one reason why conventional drilling methods are insufficient for petroleum extraction in Venezuela at a depth of 1000 m. The Quantum Optics Laboratory of Simon Bolivar University in Caracas is conducting a search for novel perforation and heating tools for petroleum extraction. Basic research is being carried out using a 10 MW TEA-CO/sub 2/ laser. The laser is not only a research tool but a matter of national interests, as petroleum is Venezuela's main export article.

Segurança/insegurança alimentar em famílias urbanas e rurais no estado do Amazonas: I. validação de metodologia e de instrumento de coleta de informação Nutritional security/insecurity in urban and rural families of Amazonas state: validation of methodology and of information collecting instrument

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Lúcia K. O. Yuyama

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo validou a metodologia e o instrumento de coleta de informação para análise da segurança/insegurança alimentar, em famílias urbanas e rurais no estado do Amazonas conforme o proposto pelo USDA (Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos. Valendo-se de amostra intencional de domicílios, selecionadas para representar estratos sociais diferentes foram computadas 194 famílias sendo 174 com crianças na área urbana de Manaus, envolvendo os seguintes bairros: Jesus me Deu, Novo Israel, Cidade Nova, Coroado e Conjunto Petro. Na área rural foram entrevistadas 209 famílias ribeirinhas e destas 131 com crianças, distribuídas entre os Municípios de Iranduba e Manacapuru. A validação final do questionário (Consistência interna global deu-se por meio da comparação dos níveis de segurança e insegurança alimentar, com os estratos definidos dos indicadores sociais e de consumo. Pode-se concluir que os grupos com maior insegurança alimentar foram os situados em estratos sociais mais baixos e de baixo consumo de alimentos sensíveis a estas condições. O instrumento de coleta apresentou alta validade e consistência interna.The present study validates the methodology and the information collecting instrument for analysis of nutritional security/insecurity on the urban and rural family level, proposed by the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture. An intentional sample of domiciles was selected to represent different social strata, 194 families were enrolled in urban Manaus, of which 174 had children, in the following neighborhoods: Jesus me Deu, Nova Israel, Cidade Nova, Coroado and Conj. Petro. In the rural area between the municipalities of Iranduba and Manacapuru, 209 riparian families were interviewed, and of these 131 had children. The final validation of the questionnaire (global internal consistency was made by comparing, the levels of nutritional security/insecurity, with the defined social strata and

Las cárceles y población reclusa en Venezuela Prisos and inmates population in Venezuela

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A. Posada

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A pesar de la importancia de los asuntos penitenciarios, en América Latina existen pocos estudios comprensivos y recomendaciones regionales con relación a este contexto. En este trabajo se describen las características de las cárceles y los reclusos en Venezuela, información recopilada a través de revisión documental y en visitas realizadas desde 1998-2006 a diferentes penales venezolanos, en el marco de las Jornadas de Salud insertas en el Programa Penitenciario de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, con el propósito de realizar un aporte que sirva como antecedente nacional y regional para la investigación en el ámbito penitenciario, que permita avanzar en el estudio de sus problemas y en la promoción e implementación de posibles soluciones.Despite the importance of prison issues in Latin America, there is little in the way of detailed local studies or recommendations on the subject. This article sets out to describe the situation concerning prisons and inmates in Venezuela. Data for this study was compiled from documentary sources and visits to a number of Venezuelan prisons from 1998 to 2006 as part of the Health Conference of the Programa Penitenciario de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, (Central University of Venezuela Prison Program. The program’s aim was to make contributions towards research on the prison environment at national and regional levels that might serve as a precedent for further study of the problems and issues that exist, and promote and implement possible solutions.

Democracia y dilema eficiencia-equidad en la descentralización local en Venezuela

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María Pilar GARCÍA-GUADILLA

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La descentralización es uno de los mecanismos mediante el cual el Estado central transfiere competencias políticas y administrativas a las localidades, ya sea con la finalidad de fortalecer la participación política, lograr eficiencia estatal o para buscar la gobernabilidad. En algunos países latinoamericanos como Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica se han impulado procesos de descentralización con el fin de racionalizar la actividad estatal y, precisamente, contribuir a la gobernabilidad.En Venezuela la Comisión para la Reforma del Estado (COPRE implementó la descentralización en 1988 como una forma de superar el modelo estado céntrico, caracterísitico de las últimas décadas en el país. El proceso no estuvo acompañado por cambios constitucionales, lo que condujo a conflictos entre diversas normas y al consiguiente retraso en la implementación de las nuevas políticas. El ejercicio descentralizador se está desarrollando principalmente a nivel político, por ejemplo, en los municipios de Chacao, Baruta, El Hatillo y Libertador, que pertenecen al Area Metropolitana Interna de Caracas. Así, el proceso descentralizador se vive con diferencias marcadas resultantes del tipo de administración implementada desde la alcaldía, la mayor o menor disponibilidad de resursos económicos y humanos, la población y la pobreza.ABSTRACT: Decentralization is one of the mechanisms by which the central State transfers political and administrative competences to the localities, sometimes with the purpose of strenghtening political participation, to achieve state efficiency of to look for gobernability. In some Latín American countries such as Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica have been decentralization processes impulsed to rationalize the public activity and, precisely, to contribute to gobernability.In Venezuela the Comission for the State Reform (COPRE implemented the decentralization in 1988 as a way of

Radioactive wastes handling problems in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramirez, R.; Venegas, R.

1984-07-01

A brief description of the radioactive wastes problem in Venezuela is presented. The origins of the problem are shown in a squematic form. The requirements for its solution are divided into three parts: information system, control system, radioactive wastes hadling system. A questionnaire summarizing factors to be considered when looking for a solution to the problem in Venezuela is included, as well as conclusions and recomendations for further discussion

A atuação da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA nas crises políticas contemporâneas

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Pedro Ernesto Fagundes

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a atuação da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA no período pós Guerra Fria, especificamente, nas crises políticas do Haiti (1991, Venezuela (2001 e Honduras (2009. O trabalho apresenta um panorama da atuação dessa organização multilateral a partir da década de 1950 até as mais recentes disputas ocorridas na América Latina.

Oil Prices and Venezuela's Economy

OpenAIRE

Mark Weisbrot; Rebecca Ray

2008-01-01

This paper looks at Venezuela’s export revenue, imports, and trade and current account balances under a range of oil price outcomes for the next two years. It finds that Venezuela would run large current account surpluses for prices between $60-90 per barrel, and would even run a small surplus with prices at $50 per barrel. (Most oil industry estimates for the next two years are in the range of $80-90 per barrel). The authors conclude that Venezuela is unlikely to run into foreign exchange co...

Estado de portador nasofaríngeo de Streptococcus pneumoniae en madres e hijos de la población indígena Panare del estado Bolívar, Venezuela Pneumococcal carriage in mothers and children of the Panare Amerindians from the State of Bolivar, Venezuela

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T Bello González

2010-02-01

Full Text Available En América del Norte, los grupos indígenas se han identificado como una población con un riesgo elevado de ser portadora de Streptococcus pneumoniae, así como de desarrollar enfermedad neumocócica invasora. Sin embargo, hay poca información con respecto a los indígenas de Latinoamérica. En el presente estudio se evaluó el estado de portador nasofaríngeo y la distribución de los serotipos de S. pneumoniae en madres e hijos de la población panare de Venezuela. Durante el mes de mayo de 2008 se obtuvieron 148 muestras nasofaríngeas de 64 madres y 84 niños menores de 5 años pertenecientes a 8 comunidades panare. Mediante procedimientos estándares se identificaron 65 cepas de S. pneumoniae. Dichas cepas fueron tipificadas por PCR múltiple, y sus patrones de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos se determinaron por el método de difusión con discos. El 11% de las madres y el 69% de los niños eran portadores de S. pneumoniae. Los serotipos 6B (49%, 33F (21,5%, 6A (6%, 19A (3,1% y 23F (1,5% fueron los más frecuentes. El mismo serotipo se identificó en 3 de los 6 grupos madre-hijo/s colonizados. Todas las cepas fueron sensibles a la penicilina y el 13,7% fue resistente a los macrólidos. La elevada tasa de colonización en la población panare sugiere que los niños presentan un alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad invasora por S. pneumoniae; por lo tanto podrían beneficiarse de la vacunación. Cuatro serotipos de la vacuna conjugada (6B, 6A, 19A y 23F, que representaron el 58% de las cepas aisladas, estaban presentes en la población al momento del estudio. La resistencia a los antibióticos no se presenta como un problema dentro de esta población.In North America, the indigenous groups have been identified as a population with increased risk of pneumococcal colonization and pneumococcal invasive disease. However, little information is available from South American natives. In the present study we evaluated the nasopharyngeal

Temporal distribution of tuberculosis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Marlucia da Silva Garrido

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Tuberculosis (TB is one of the infectious diseases that contributes most to the morbidity and mortality of millions of people worldwide. Brazil is one of 22 countries that accounts for 80% of the tuberculosis global burden. The highest incidence rates in Brazil occur in the States of Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro. The aim of this study was to describe the temporal distribution of TB in the State of Amazonas. Between 2001 and 2011, 28,198 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Amazonas, distributed among 62 municipalities, with the capital Manaus reporting the highest (68.7% concentration of cases. Tuberculosis was more prevalent among males (59.3% aged 15 to 34 years old (45.5%, whose race/color was predominantly pardo (64.7% and who had pulmonary TB (84.3%. During this period, 81 cases of multidrug-resistant TB were registered, of which the highest concentration was reported from 2008 onward (p = 0.002. The municipalities with the largest numbers of indigenous individuals affected were São Gabriel da Cachoeira (93%, Itamarati (78.1%, and Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (70.1%. The future outlook for this region includes strengthening the TB control at the primary care level, by expanding diagnostic capabilities, access to treatment, research projects developed in collaboration with the Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation .;Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD.; and financing institutions, such as the project for the expansion of the Clinical Research Center and the creation of a hospital ward for individuals with transmissible respiratory diseases, including TB.

Branchial cysts in two Amazon parrots (Amazona species).

Science.gov (United States)

Beaufrère, Hugues; Castillo-Alcala, Fernanda; Holmberg, David L; Boston, Sarah; Smith, Dale A; Taylor, W Michael

2010-03-01

A 37-year-old yellow-crowned Amazon parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) and a 20-year-old red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis) each presented with a large mass localized on the lateral neck. With the first bird, there was no evidence of signs of pain or discomfort, and the bird prehended and swallowed food normally. The second bird showed signs of mild upper-gastrointestinal discomfort. Results of an ultrasound examination and aspiration of the mass on each bird revealed a cystic structure. A computed tomography performed on the second bird revealed a large polycystic mass connected to the pharynx by a lateral tract. During surgical resection, both masses were found to originate from the subpharyngeal area. Based on topography and the histopathologic and immunohistochemical results, the masses were determined to be a second branchial cleft cyst for the first case and a second branchial pouch cyst for the second case. In addition, a carcinoma was present in situ within the epithelium of case 1, and the cyst in case 2 was secondarily infected. Branchial cysts are uncommonly diagnosed in veterinary and human medicine. These 2 cases are the first documented in parrots and appear similar to second branchial cysts reported in adult humans.

Violência contra crianças e adolescentes no Amazonas: análise dos registros

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Angela Costa Maia

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno frequente, mas pouco se conhece sobre o contexto em que ocorre e sobre suas consequências. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar esta violência no Interior do Estado do Amazonas. Foram analisados 193 registros do Relatório Txain sobre a Violência contra Crianças e Adolescentes. Como resultado, verificou-se que grande parte dos registros oficiais omitem informações. A agressão física é o tipo de violência mais relatado, e a maior parte das vítimas é constituída de adolescentes do sexo feminino de idades entre 12 e 15 anos. Os agressores são predominantemente desconhecidos das vítimas e são do sexo masculino. Em termos de consequências para a saúde, há referência a algumas lesões físicas, mas os dados são bastante omissos em relação à saúde mental. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de integralização e aprimoramento dos sistemas de registro, informação e atendimento a vítimas fora das grandes cidades.

Venezuela takes responsabilidad

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, D.

1992-01-01

No federal government officials showed up at the Oct. 29 ceremony to lauch the Responsabilidad Integral program of Asoquim, the Venezuelan chemical industry association. But that did not discourage industry representatives. Industry has tried to keep the Ministry of Environment Affairs involved as much as possible, says Danay Zoppi de Perez, corporate v.p. with Grupo Quimico. But industry was proud to be doing it anyway, despite the absence of government. It's a private, proactive initiative. Asoquim's program is based on the six Responsible Care codes. At the ceremony, 56 companies from Asoquim's membership of 150, which represents 90% of chemicals production in the country, signed on. Signatories include stateowned Petroquimica de Venezuela (Pequiven), domestic private-sector firms, and most of the multinationls operating in Venezuela. The ceremony drew officials from the fire service and civil defense authorities who have to deal with spills and accidents

Nuclear power planning study for Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-01-01

The optimum capacity for nuclear power plants that might be built in Venezuela in the period 1985-2000 and the best time for incorporating them into the electric system is defined. The most recent forecasts regarding growth of the population and demand, and of the economy in general, and the taking into account the costs for the fossil-fuel and hydroelectric resources known to exist in Venezuela, as compared with the costs of importing uranium, are discussed

Epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en el municipio Andrés Eloy Blanco, Lara, Venezuela: infestación triatomínica y seroprevalencia en humanos

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez-Bonfante,Claudina; Amaro,Aned; García,María; Mejías Wohlert,Ligia Elena; Guillen,Pamela; Antonio García,Rafael; Álvarez,Naysan; Díaz,Marialejandra; Cárdenas,Elsys; Castillo,Silvia; Bonfante-Garrido,Rafael; Bonfante-Cabarcas,Rafael

2007-01-01

Se realizó un despistaje serológico y recolección de vectores en cuatro comunidades rurales del municipio Andrés Eloy Blanco, Estado Lara, Venezuela. La muestra fue escogida en forma sistemática y aleatoria basada en conglomerados familiares. Se muestrearon 869 habitantes para determinar anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi y anti-Leishmania sp. por inmunofluorescencia indirecta, aceptando como positivo diluciones > a 1:32 para anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi no reactivos para antígenos de Leishmania...

Occupational Safety and Health in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Caraballo-Arias, Yohama

2015-01-01

Venezuela has pioneered a preventive-focused and comprehensive movement for Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Latin America. However, despite being an oil-rich country, it has some of the lowest salaries for their workers and highest levels of hyperinflation, devaluation, crime, and violence of the world. Review the current status and challenges on relevant aspects of OSH in Venezuela. Review of literature and documents from national governments, UN agencies, NGOs, and the Venezuelan government concerning OSH and related topics since 1986. Reformed in 2005, the Organic Law on Prevention, Conditions and Environment (LOPCYMAT) was a fundamental moment of change for OSH. Factors which have impacted OSH the strongest are (i) the creation of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (INPSASEL) and (ii) the socioeconomic crisis Venezuela is going through. Venezuela's laws are innovative and yet non-compliance is enormous. Almost half of the population works in the informal sector. Following the International Labor Office projections, 5 people die per day in Venezuela due to occupational accidents or diseases, making health and safety at work a luxury rather than a right. The quality of life for the average worker has deteriorated, affecting not only health but the overall well-being of all Venezuelans. The political and socio-economic situation has led to a mass exodus of more than 1.6 million highly qualified and talented professionals. Many statistics concerning OSH are not updated and are unreliable regarding occupational accidents and diseases. There is a substantial difference between what is written to protect individual Venezuelans in the workplace and the reality of workplace conditions. Substantial governmental actions are needed in the immediate future to improve occupational safety and health of Venezuelan workers. Copyright © 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

La Psicología Social Comunitaria en procesos de reubicación masiva: una experiencia de la Gran Misión Vivienda Venezuela

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Luis Fernando Giuliani

2017-11-01

Full Text Available La Psicología Social Comunitaria cuenta con un sostenido desarrollo  teórico y metodológico que representa un gran potencial de aplicabilidad en la solución de diversos problemas sociales y en el desarrollo de las comunidades.  Por su parte, el contexto venezolano actual, donde casi todas las políticas públicas implican un alto nivel de protagonismo de la organización y la participación comunitaria, es sumamente propicio para que las ciencias sociales en general y, la Psicología Social Comunitaria en particular, integren sus aportes. En función de estos planteamientos, en el presente trabajo presentamos una experiencia realizada en el marco de la Gran Misión Vivienda Venezuela, política pública impulsada por el estado venezolano que asume una perspectiva comunitaria y participativa. La experiencia en cuestión se desarrolló entre diciembre del 2013 y diciembre del 2014 y estuvo adscripta al Gobierno del Distrito Capital, en Caracas, Venezuela. Tuvo como eje central el desarrollo e implementación de un Enfoque Comunitario Integral destinado a servir de orientación al trabajo que realizaron los equipos con las poblaciones ubicadas en los nuevos urbanismos construidos por el estado. El diseño e implementación del Enfoque, integró buena parte de las propuestas teórico -  conceptuales de la Psicología Comunitaria.   Palabras clave: vivienda, comunidad, organización, participación, políticas públicas.

Calidad de la democracia en Venezuela Quality of democracy in Venezuela

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Daniel H. LEVINE

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Los debates sobre la democracia en la Venezuela de hoy carecen de una definición común sobre el tema, sobre cómo estudiarlo, e incluso respecto a qué es democracia. El régimen ha sido descrito de muchas formas: democracia participativa, híbrido, mixto, personalista, populista, iliberal, autoritarismo competitivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el nivel de calidad de la democracia en Venezuela, en el marco de una concepción procedimental de la democracia. La evaluación empírica de cinco dimensiones de calidad de la democracia (decisión electoral, participación, respuesta a la voluntad popular, rendición de cuentas y soberanía revela un nivel bajo en conjunto, con escasa variación entre 2005 y 2010. Los escenarios posibles luego de las elecciones de 2012 incluyen: reforzamiento de las tendencias autoritarias, militarización abierta, liberalización política con fortalecimiento institucional, o volatilidad duradera con conflicto polarizado y debilidad institucional. La salud del presidente Chávez afectará estos escenarios, dado su carácter de factor central unificador de su movimiento y del régimen.Discussions of democracy in contemporary Venezuela lack a settled definition of the subject, how to study it, or indeed of what counts as «democracy» in the first place. The regime has been described as everything from participatory democracy, hybrid, mixed, and personalist to populist, illiberal, or no longer democratic but rather competitive authoritarian. The goal of this article is to measure the quality of democracy in Venezuela, within the terms of a procedural concept of democracy as detailed in our earlier work. Empirical measurement of the quality of democracy on five dimensions (electoral choice, participation, responsiveness, accountability, sovereignty reveals a low level overall and deep institutional weakness under a personalist leadership, with little change from 2005 to 2010. Future scenarios, after the

More oil sand cooperation between Canada and Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1977-07-01

Venezuela has pioneered the production of heavy oil, according to Dr. A. Guzman-Reyes, director general of hydrocarbons for the Venezuelan government. The first heavy oil production began in Venezuela 60 yr ago and the oil industry has steadily improved methods of producing and handling heavy oil. The country's producing fields are capable of yielding almost one million barrels of heavy oil daily, although actual production, largely because of market limitations, is about 650,000 bpd. Canada's daily heavy oil production, including the 60,000 bbl of synthetic crude produced daily by the Great Canadian Oil Sands plant, is about 200,000 bbl. Dr. Guzman-Reyes stated that Venezuela intends to rapidly develop heavy oil production and upgrade facilities to maintain its export markets. The national oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, plans to invest 4 times the amount spent on oil development over the last 60 yr during the next 10 yr, a total of $3 billion by 1980.

El golpe de abril: el Estado nacional venezolano ante la globalización neoliberal

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Jose Honorio Martinez

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El golpe de abril fue una coyuntura en la que midieron fuerzas dos bloques políticos, la burguesía aliada a los intereses corporativos de los monopolios transnacionales y el bloque nacional popular representado por el gobierno y las organizaciones populares que le respaldaron. El transcurso y desenlace de los acontecimientos mostró que los antagonismos corrieron por diversos frentes, el militar, el de la movilización callejera, el mediático y el institucional. ¿Qué significó el golpe de abril en términos del desenvolvimiento de la lucha de clases en Venezuela? ¿En qué medida los antagonismos entre el bloque opositor y el bloque gubernamental reflejaron la contradicción entre el estado nacional y la globalización neoliberal? Estas preguntas serán el objeto de estudio de este artículo.  Palabras claves: golpe de abril, globalización neoliberal, estado nacional, lucha de clases   ________________________________  Abstract  The coup d’état in April was a moment in which two political forces measured their power. One force was represented the bourgeoisie allied with corporative interests from transnational monopolies, the other one was the national popular group represented by the Government and the popular organizations that support such a Government. The antagonisms were carried out by different fronts: the military front, the mass media front, the popular mobilization on the streets, and the institutional front. What did the coup d’état in April in terms of the classes struggle in Venezuela mean? How did the antagonisms between the opponent group and the Governmental one reflect the contradictions between National-States and neoliberal globalization? These questions will be answered in this study.   Keywords: Coup d’April, neoliberal globalization, National-State, classes struggle

Determinantes de la integración colombo-venezolana y perspectivas ante la dimisión de Venezuela a la CAN

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Luis Nelson Beltrán Mora

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo hace un balance del comercio colombovenezolano en el período 1990 - 2006, señalando que la integración aumentó los flujos de manufacturas, inversiones y puestos de trabajo para los dos países; la agenda económica se impuso a las agitadas relaciones políticas. Los logros de la integración económica están en peligro por la dimisión de Venezuela a la Comunidad Andina de Naciones – CAN en abril de 2006. A pesar de los síntomas de de intermediación privados, el comercio continúa creciendo como consecuencia de la coyuntura económica favorable para ambas naciones. La dimisión de Venezuela sólo traerá problemas en el corto plazo al comercio colombo-venezolano en la medida que el vecino país no respete el artículo 135 del Acuerdo de Cartagena; en el largo plazo el intercambio podría ser más promisorio si los dos Estados restablecen o generan nuevos acuerdos comerciales en el marco andino o bilateral.

Language Planning for Venezuela: The Role of English.

Science.gov (United States)

Kelsey, Irving; Serrano, Jose

A rationale for teaching foreign languages in Venezuelan schools is discussed. An included sociolinguistic profile of Venezuela indicates that Spanish is the sole language of internal communication needs. Other languages spoken in Venezuela serve primarily a group function among the immigrant and indigenous communities. However, the teaching of…

Two new species and one new subspecies of the South American catfish genus Corydoras (Pisces, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nijssen, H.

1971-01-01

This paper contains descriptions and figures of two new species of Corydoras Lacépède, 1803, C. weitzmani from Peru, and C. blochi from Guyana, Brazil, and Venezuela. The latter species is represented by two subspecies, C. blochi blochi from the Amazonas, Branco, Orinoco, and Essequibo drainages,

Malaria control and elimination, Venezuela, 1800s –1970s.

Science.gov (United States)

Griffing, Sean M; Villegas, Leopoldo; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam

2014-10-01

Venezuela had the highest number of human malaria cases in Latin American before 1936. During 1891–1920,malaria was endemic to >600,000 km2 of this country; malaria death rates led to major population decreases during 1891–1920. No pathogen, including the influenza virus that caused the 1918 pandemic, caused more deaths than malaria during 1905–1945. Early reports of malaria eradication in Venezuela helped spark the world's interest in global eradication. We describe early approaches to malaria epidemiology in Venezuela and how this country developed an efficient control program and an approach to eradication.Arnoldo Gabaldón was a key policy maker during this development process. He directed malaria control in Venezuela from the late 1930s to the end of the 1970s and contributed to malaria program planning of the World Health Organization.We discuss how his efforts helped reduce the incidence of malaria in Venezuela and how his approach diverged from World Health Organization guidelines.

Malaria Control and Elimination,1 Venezuela, 1800s–1970s

Science.gov (United States)

Villegas, Leopoldo; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam

2014-01-01

Venezuela had the highest number of human malaria cases in Latin American before 1936. During 1891–1920, malaria was endemic to >600,000 km2 of this country; malaria death rates led to major population decreases during 1891–1920. No pathogen, including the influenza virus that caused the 1918 pandemic, caused more deaths than malaria during 1905–1945. Early reports of malaria eradication in Venezuela helped spark the world’s interest in global eradication. We describe early approaches to malaria epidemiology in Venezuela and how this country developed an efficient control program and an approach to eradication. Arnoldo Gabaldón was a key policy maker during this development process. He directed malaria control in Venezuela from the late 1930s to the end of the 1970s and contributed to malaria program planning of the World Health Organization. We discuss how his efforts helped reduce the incidence of malaria in Venezuela and how his approach diverged from World Health Organization guidelines.

Programa piloto de reciclaje en colegios del estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela | Schools pilot recycling program in Anzoátegui state, Venezuela

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Ana Ghanem

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Between october 2013 and june 2015, a solid waste pilot recycling program was applied in six educational units located in Juan Antonio Sotillo and Diego Bautista Urbaneja counties, Anzoátegui state, Venezuela. The program was designed for its implementation in schools with educational levels from kinder garden to high school, with the purpose of contributing to environmental education for developing awareness on preservation of the environment and natural resources. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the program. For developing the program, undergraduate students participated as a human resource along with the authors, schools personnel and schools students. During two consecutives phases, a series of activities were performed to achieve the proposed goals. Some of the most significant were environmental education for recycling and its practice. Data were collected by direct observation, structured interviews, questionnaire and on-site measuring techniques. Results reflected that students had a better response during the first phase of the program, with respect to participation and materials recovering. In addition, it was observed that preschool and elementary school students had the best response to the program application. Motivation was one of the main factors that influenced on the results. The lack of a municipal recycling program could also have influenced over the results.

Diabetes Care in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis; González-Rivas, Juan P; Lima-Martínez, Marcos; Stepenka, Victoria; Rísquez, Alejandro; Mechanick, Jeffrey I

2015-01-01

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its economic burden have increased in Venezuela, posing difficult challenges in a country already in great turmoil. The aim of this study was to review the prevalence, causes, prevention, management, health policies, and challenges for successful management of diabetes and its complications in Venezuela. A comprehensive literature review spanning 1960 to 2015 was performed. Literature not indexed also was reviewed. The weighted prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was estimated from published regional and subnational population-based studies. Diabetes care strategies were analyzed. In Venezuela, the weighted prevalence of diabetes was 7.7% and prediabetes was 11.2%. Diabetes was the fifth leading cause of death (7.1%) in 2012 with the mortality rate increasing 7% per year from 1990 to 2012. In 2012, cardiovascular disease and diabetes together were the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years.T2D drivers are genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle, including unhealthy dietary patterns and physical inactivity. Obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are present at lower cutoffs for body mass index, homeostatic model assessment, and visceral or ectopic fat, respectively. Institutional programs for early detection and/or prevention of T2D have not been established. Most patients with diabetes (∼87%) are cared for in public facilities in a fragmented health system. Local clinical practice guidelines are available, but implementation is suboptimal and supporting information is limited. Strategies to improve diabetes care in Venezuela include enhancing resources, reducing costs, improving education, implementing screening (using Latin America Finnish Diabetes Risk Score), promoting diabetes care units, avoiding insulin levels as diagnostic tool, correct use of oral glucose tolerance testing and metformin as first-line T2D treatment, and reducing health system fragmentation. Use of the Venezuelan adaptation of

Venezuela electoral 2012: escenarios y perspectivas

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Juan Manuel Trak Vásquez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de estas líneas es reflexionar sobre los posibles escenarios que se pueden dar en Venezuela a partir de las elecciones presidenciales del 7 de octubre, en donde se juega la reelección de Hugo Chávez Frías (HCF. Para ello es necesario hacer un breve recorrido por la historia política reciente de Venezuela, cómo llega HCF al poder y los hitos más importantes que han marcado sus mandatos desde 1998.

Venezuela: moving from abundance to moderation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Legros, E

1984-06-01

Venezuela is Latin America's second greatest oil producer and its dependence on oil production is extreme. Hydrocarbons account for over 90% of its foreign currency earnings, and oil revenue represents the bulk of the state's resources. Statistics on petroleum exploration, production, refining, consumption, and exports are given and related to the status quo and predicted development in Venezuela. The potential contribution of the Orinoco heavy crude oil reservoir is assessed. A decreased independence on oil production as an income market for the country is being sought.

Desigualdade de renda e eficiência técnica na geração de bem-estar entre os estados brasileiros

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Emerson Marinho

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo estima as medidas de eficiência técnica dos estados brasileiros na geração de bem-estar, entre os anos de 1986 e 1998, utilizando o método não-paramétrico Data Envelopment Analisys (DEA. São utilizadas como medidas de bem-estar a medida de Sen e, alternativamente, o PIB per capita e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH. Adicionalmente, são calculadas as medidas de desigualdade de renda inter/intra-regional de Theil para se analisar a trajetória da desigualdade no Brasil como uma determinante do bem-estar. Comparando as medidas de desigualdade no início e no final do período, nota-se que apenas nas regiões nordeste e sudeste ocorreram reduções significativas da desigualdade e que as medidas de desigualdade totais não sofreram qualquer modificação significativa durante o período analisado. Quanto às medidas de eficiência na geração de bem-estar, o modelo utilizando a medida de bem-estar de Sen aponta os estados de São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Amazonas, Roraima e Amapá como sendo os mais eficientes na geração de bem-estar. O modelo com PIB per capita, replica basicamente os resultados anteriores. Finalmente, utilizando o IDH, os estados acima citados, mantém-se ainda como os mais eficientes com exceção do estado de São PauloIn this paper we utilize the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA, a non-parametric method, to estimate measures of technical efficiency of the Brazilian states in the generation of welfare between 1986 and 1998. The basic welfare measures considered include the measure developed by Sen and, alternatively, GDP per capita and the Human Development Index (HDI. Additionally, Theil's inter and intra-regional income inequality measures are calculated so that the path of income inequality as a determinant of welfare could also be analyzed for Brazil. Comparing these inequality measures in the beginning and in the end of the period in analysis, we note that only in the Northeast and in the

Estimation of electric power generation using coal from the fruit peel of cupuassu in Amazonas State, Brazil; Estimativa de geracao de energia eletrica utilizando o carvao da casca do fruto do cupuacuzeiro no estado do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Antonio Cleuder Lima da [Manaus Energia S/A., Manaus, AM (Brazil); Santos, Eyde Cristiane Saraiva dos [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (FCA/UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias. Dept. de Engenharia Agricola e Solos], e-mail: eyde_cristianne@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

The application of the charcoal of agroforestry residue for the generation of electric energy, for being renewable power plant and possessing technology for application, comes being evidenced. In this research the potential of generation of electric energy was estimated, in the main producing cities of the State of Amazonas of the fruit of the cupuacuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum Wild. Ex. Spreng. Shum.), using the rind carbonized in technology of gasification, substitution of diesel. The charcoal of the rind of the fruit of the cupuacuzeiro presents to be able calorific next to the one to the deriving coal of the wood. Known the annual production of each one the cities, the amount and the cost of production of the generated electric energy, determined in this research, it justifies the exploitation of this residue, for having economic advantages, when comparative with the tariff of the adopted electric energy in the region for the concessionaire. (author)

South America's energy integration overshadows Venezuela-US confrontational posture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abrantes, Dayse

2006-01-01

Venezuela's plans of a 10 000 km gas pipeline project spanning Latin America is presented. A brief analysis of Venezuela's petroleum industry is provided. President Hugo Chavez' main ambitions include reducing oil sales to the USA and to spark South America's energy integration

EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL: 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

OpenAIRE

João Cândido André da Silva Neto

2018-01-01

Prezados leitores e autores, a Revista Geonorte, do Departamento de Geografia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, apresenta sua nova edição, de 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

Caracterización y evaluación de la política agroalimentaria del estado venezolano durante el periodo 1999-2008

OpenAIRE

Añez Hernández, Carmen

2010-01-01

En el desarrollo económico experimentado durante los últimos años en Venezuela, el Estado apuntala al posicionamiento de un nuevo modelo socio-económico, el cual ha permitido desarrollar la seguridad alimentaria como un componente fundamental en la producción de alimentos y disminución de la pobreza. Para tal fin, el gobierno bolivariano, promulga la Ley Orgánica de Seguridad y Soberanía Agroalimentaria, plasmando las líneas, estrategias y acciones para garantizar el acceso oportuno de alimen...

Decade of Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez, Por Ahora

Science.gov (United States)

2009-04-01

minor production source of opium and cocoa , Venezuela is important in the transit of narcotics between Columbia and the US. 60 61 Mindful of this, a...took over.91 To highlight the significance of oil to Venezuela , in 2006, oil represented 91% of its exports compared to 80% five years earlier.92...methodology to examine the last ten years of Venezuelas Hugo Chavez presidency and the significant aspects in terms of US security. The paper contents

Avifauna of the Pongos Basin, Amazonas Department, Peru

Science.gov (United States)

Brooks, Daniel M.; O'Neill, John P.; Foster, Mercedes S.; Mark, Todd; Dauphine, Nico; Franke, Irma J.

2009-01-01

We provide an inventory of the avifauna of the Pongos Basin, northern Amazonas Department, Peru based on museum specimens collected during expeditions spanning >60 years within the 20th century. Four hundred and thirty-eight species representing 52 families are reported. Differences between lowland and higher elevation avifaunas were apparent. Species accounts with overviews of specimen data are provided for four species representing distributional records, two threatened species, and 26 species of Nearctic and Austral migrants, of which six are considered probable migrants.

Interruption of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in Northern Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Convit, Jacinto; Schuler, Harland; Borges, Rafael; Olivero, Vimerca; Domínguez-Vázquez, Alfredo; Frontado, Hortencia; Grillet, María E

2013-10-07

Onchocerciasis is caused by Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium species (black flies). In the Americas, the infection has been previously described in 13 discrete regional foci distributed among six countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela) where more than 370,000 people are currently considered at risk. Since 2001, disease control in Venezuela has relied on the mass drug administration to the at-risk communities. This report provides empirical evidence of interruption of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by Simulium metallicum in 510 endemic communities from two Northern foci of Venezuela, after 10-12 years of 6-monthly Mectizan (ivermectin) treatment to all the eligible residents. In-depth entomologic and epidemiologic surveys were serially conducted from 2001-2012 in selected (sentinel and extra-sentinel) communities from the North-central (NC) and North-east (NE) onchocerciasis foci of Venezuela in order to monitor the impact of ivermectin treatment. From 2007-2009, entomological indicators in both foci confirmed that 0 out of 112,637 S. metallicum females examined by PCR contained L3 infection in insect heads. The upper bound of the 95% confidence intervals of the infective rate of the vector reached values below 1% by 2009 (NC) and 2012 (NE). Additionally, after 14 (NC) and 22 (NE) rounds of treatment, the seasonal transmission potential (±UL CIs) of S. metallicum was under the critical threshold of 20 L3 per person per season. Serological analysis in school children Venezuela.

EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL: 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Cândido André da Silva Neto

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Prezados leitores e autores, a Revista Geonorte, do Departamento de Geografia e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, apresenta sua nova edição, de 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS.

Cambios en el uso de tabaco y factores relacionados en estudiantes del sexto al noveno grado, Estado Lara, Venezuela, años 2000 y 2003 Changes in tobacco use and related factors in Junior High School students, Lara State, Venezuela, 2000-2003

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Ricardo Granero

2006-09-01

Full Text Available La Encuesta Mundial sobre Tabaquismo en Jóvenes (EMTAJOVEN, sistema de vigilancia basado en la escuela elemental, fue realizada en el Estado Lara, Venezuela, por una coalición de organizaciones. El instrumento incluye: actitudes, conocimientos, conductas; acceso a productos, propaganda y exposición al humo de tabaco en el ambiente. Participación 85,7% (2000 y 79,3% (2003. Prevalencias (% 2000 vs. 2003 de: "primer contacto con tabaco": sin cambios (22,8% y 22,8%; "Fumar su primer cigarrillo antes los 10 años": disminuyó en varones (21,5% y 16,7%; "Fumadores actuales": sin cambio (8,4% y 8,3%; "Fumadores que desean dejarlo": aumentó en varones (62,6% y 84,7%; "Expuestos al humo de tabaco en el ambiente en lugares públicos": aumentó (43,9% y 50,7%; "Apoya prohibir fumar en lugares públicos": sin cambios(> 80% ambos,; "Recibieron cigarrillos promocionales gratis": aumentó (9,5% a 13,4%. "No tuvieron problema al comprar": disminuyó en varones (97% y 74,3% y mujeres (95,9% y 90,3%. El tabaquismo se mantiene sin cambios lo que puede imputarse al mercadeo y a la falta de efectividad de las leyes. Los datos presentados permiten examinar políticas y programas actuales a fin de ajustarlos a la realidad.The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS is a school-based surveillance system. In Lara State, Venezuela, it was conducted by a coalition of organizations. The instrument includes: attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, mass media, and marketing. Participation was 85.7% in 2000 and 79.3% in 2003. Comparing prevalence (% from 2000 to 2003: "first contact": unchanged (22.8%; "males having first cigarette before the age of 10": decreased (21.5% to 16.7%; "current cigarette smoker": unchanged (8.4% to 8.3%; "male smokers wanted to quit": increased (62.6% to 84.7%; "exposure to environmental tobacco smoke": increased (43.9% a 50.7%, "support ban on smoking in public places": unchanged (> 80%, "received free promotional

Asian genotype of Chikungunya virus circulating in Venezuela during 2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Camacho, Daría; Reyes, Jesús; Negredo, Ana; Hernández, Lourdes; Sánchez-Seco, María; Comach, Guillermo

2017-10-01

Chikungunya virus emerged on Saint-Martin Island in the Caribbean in late 2013. Since then in July of 2104 Venezuela reported autochthonous cases. This study reports the first phylogenetic characterization of CHIKV autochthonous cases in Venezuela, 2014. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the CHIKV circulating in Venezuela (Aragua state) belong to the Asian genotype (Caribbean clade) and it is related to viruses that circulated in the same year in the Caribbean. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

pobres y nuevas coaliciones en Venezuela

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Charles L. Briggs

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En Venezuela, los gobiernos locales junto con el gobierno nacional, crearon un sistema nacional de salud paralelo, Misión Barrio Adentro (MBA, ubicando a unos 33.000 profesionales de la salud, inicialmente cubanos, en vecindarios de bajos ingresos. A través de la etnografía y entrevistas, se concluye que MBA proporcionó acceso a la atención médica y logró obtener apoyo popular a consecuencia de: movimientos sociales de los pobres; cooperación entre trabajadores comunitarios, residentes, profesionales de salud y funcionarios públicos; la integración de la atención médica con programas sociales y económicos; la ubicación de médicos como residentes en barrios pobres; interacciones positivas y equitativas médico-paciente; el papel clave de los Comités de Salud; y el impacto de la hostilidad de la prensa, un segmento grande de los médicos venezolanos y la oposición en transformar a la salud en un tema político esencial. Todo esto nos sugiere que el Estado puede confrontar las inequidades de salud cuando se unen perspectivas teóricas de la medicina social y la epidemiología crítica con los saberes populares dentro de las comunidades afectadas. Estructuras institucionales flexibles, no burocráticas y creativas aumentan la efectividad de las intervenciones.

Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis )

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Carpenter, James W; Tully, Thomas N; Gehring, Ronette; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon

To determine the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ), 8 healthy adult parrots of both sexes were used in a 2-part study. In a pilot study, piperacillin (87 mg/kg) in combination with tazobactam (11 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly

[Experiences of the urbanization process in Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez Tirado, N

1985-01-01

The process of urbanization and urban growth in relation to economic development in Venezuela is analyzed. Four periods are considered: the period prior to the discovery of oil in Venezuela, which ended in the early 1940s; from the 1940s to the early 1970s; from the 1970s to 1983; and the present. Information is provided for the period 1936-1981 on total and urban population growth and on the size and number of urban centers.

Anomalías morfológicas en los dientes del cibario de Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela

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Yolanda Méndez-de Daboín

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Lutzomyia evansi es un reconocido vector de Leishmania infantum en Colombia y Venezuela. Objetivo. Describir e ilustrar las anomalías morfológicas presentes en el cibario de hembras de Lu. evansi capturadas en un foco rural de leishmaniasis visceral en Trujillo, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos. Para la captura de los flebótomos se utilizaron tres diferentes métodos (trampa Shannon, trampas de luz del tipo CDC y capturas en reposo. En la identificación taxonómica se siguió la clave de Young & Duncan (1994 y los diseños biológicos se hicieron utilizando un microscopio óptico con cámara clara. Resultados. En 3.477 especímenes de Lu. evansi se detectaron cuatro (0,12 % hembras con diferentes anomalías en el cibario. Conclusión. Algunos especímenes de Lu. evansi pueden presentar anomalías morfológicas relacionadas con aumento del número de los dientes en el cibario y con su disposición. La detección de estas anomalías en poblaciones naturales de Lu. evansi puede evitar dificultades y confusiones en el momento de la identificación taxonómica de los especímenes teratomorfos, reduciendo así el riesgo de incurrir en errores taxonómicos.

A new species of Microphallus (Trematoda: Microphallidae from Venezuela

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M.T Díaz

2004-06-01

Full Text Available During 1997-1999, a total of 94 crabs, Uca rapax were collected from La Sabana, La Ceiba and El Paujil, Sucre State, Venezuela. Of these 36 were infected with metacercariae. Two parasites were located in the abdominal muscles and one under the tissue of carapace and gonad. These metacercariae grew to adults in the following genera: Levinseniella, Microphallus and Maritrema, in the period of 2-5 days after feeding experimentally to the rat Rattus norvegicus, mice Mus musculus and duck Cairinia moschata. Specimens of the genus Microphallus were described herein as a new species M. sabanensis. The life cycle of M. sabanensis sp.nov. were studied experimentally using rat, mice and duck. All developmental stages and the adult are described. In addition, M. sabanensis was collected from wild birds Anas discors, Pluvialis squatarola, Butorides striatus, Egretta caerulea and Nycticorax violaceus from the same localitiesDurante 1997-1999, se recolectaron en La Sabana, La Ceiba y El Paujil del Distrito Cajigal, Estado Sucre, Venezuela, un total de 94 cangrejos Uca rapax, 36 de ellos estaban parasitados con tres especies de metacercarias de digéneos. Dos de ellos localizados en la musculatura del abdomen y una en el tejido que recubre internamente el caparazón y las gónadas. Estas metacercarias fueron dadas como alimento a ratones Mus musculus, ratas Rattus norvegicus, y patos Cairina moschata y tres genéros de microfálidos, Levinseniella, Microphallus y Maritrema fueron recuperados del intestino delgado de estos animales después de 2-5 días de la infección. Especimenes del genero Microphallus de este estudio se describen como Microphallus sabanensis sp.n. Se estudió experimentalmente los aspectos de ciclo vida de la especie, utilizando ratas, ratones y patos. Se describen todas las estapas larvales y los adultos. Además, M. sabanensis se encuentra naturalmente en las aves: Anas discors, Pluvialis squatarola, Butorides striatus, Egretta caerulea

Venezuela loodab tüürida Kuuba saatust / Sirje Rank

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rank, Sirje, 1966-

2006-01-01

Venezuela president Hugo Chavez soovib üle võtte Fidel Castro rolli võitluses USA ülemvõimu vastu. Venezuela odava nafta tähtsus Kuuba majandusele. Vt. samas: Kuuba nafta õõnestab USA embargot

Etnobotânica das variedades locais do cará (Dioscorea spp. cultivados em comunidades no município de Caapiranga, estado do Amazonas Ethnobotany of local varieties of yams (Dioscorea spp. cultivated in the municipality of Caapiranga, AM

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Albejamere Pereira de Castro

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo trata da investigação das práticas de conservação da agrodiversidade do cará (Dioscorea spp. mantidas por comunidades produtoras no município de Caapiranga, Amazonas, usando ferramentas metodológicas da etnobotânica, em busca de associar o saber científico com o conhecimento perceptivo e cultural dos agricultores locais sobre a cultura do cará. Foi empregado o método das quatro-células, levantamento e coletas botânicas, aplicação de formulário, entrevistas, observação participativa com os agricultores sobre as peculiaridades de cada espécie e variedades locais. Os materiais coletados foram identificados por especialista do Herbário do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência, e Tecnologia do Amazonas (EAFM e do Instituto de Botânica-IBt, São Paulo e acondicionados no Herbário da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (HUAM, além de serem multiplicadas no campo de produção vegetal da UFAM, para posterior identificação das demais espécies e/ou variedades não identificadas. Dentre as 15 variedades locais pesquisadas, 10 pertencem à espécie D. trifida, uma à D. bulbifera. Quanto às quatro restantes, por não serem mais cultivadas nas roças, não foi possível sua identificação botânica. Verificou-se que os agricultores tradicionais pesquisados possuem grande conhecimento sobre as roças, bem como sobre as variedades locais cultivadas, e possuem formas de manejo e conservação que são fundamentais para a manutenção da agrodiversidade das suas roças. Os sistemas produtivos de Caapiranga constituem verdadeiras coleções de germoplasma de cará e representam a principal estratégia local de conservação in situ/on farm do recurso genético e, portanto, devem ser mantidos e incentivados.This study employed methodological tools of ethnobotany to better understand agrobiodiversity conservation practices used for yams (Dioscorea spp. cultivated by farming communities in the municipality of Caapiranga

[Epidemiology of ophidism in Venezuela (1996-2004)].

Science.gov (United States)

De Sousa, Leonardo; Bastouri-Carrasco, Jessica; Matos, Mercedes; Borges, Adolfo; Bónoli, Stefano; Vásquez-Suárez, Aleikar; Guerrero, Belsy; Rodríguez-Acosta, Alexis

2013-06-01

The data of accidents caused by snakebites in Venezuela, registered at the morbidity statistics of the Direction of Epidemiology and Strategic Analysis of the Ministry of Health and Social Development were analyzed. During the years of 1996-2004, 53,792 snakebites were registered in Venezuela (5,976 cases average per year), with a higher incidence during the year 2004 (7,486 incidents). Zulia reported the highest frequency of all the states (5,975 cases); meanwhile the Midwestern region, constituted by Lara, Portuguesa, Falc6n and Yaracuy states, had a higher morbidity for snake bites. The highest incidence, distributed per states was registered in Cojedes, during the year 2001, with 228.72 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. When it was determined by regions, the highest incidence occurred during the year 2004 at los Llanos with 63.81 per 100,000 inhabitants. The median of the incidence rate for Venezuela during the period was of 21.46 accidents per 100,000 inhabitants. The classification of the endemic areas for ophidism, according to the percentiles 23, 50, 75 and 90, organized the country in: (a) states and regions of very high endemicity, (b) high endemicity, (c) middle, (d) low and (e) very low endemicity. These epidemiological data indicated that the accidents caused by snakes constitute a collective health problem in Venezuela.

Biología y pesquería del pulpo Octopus vulgaris (Octopoda: Octopodidae en las costas del estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela

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Leo Walter González

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En el estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, la pesca del pulpo Octopus vulgaris es considerada por los pescadores artesanales como una actividad alternativa para diversificar la producción y aumentar los ingresos, pero en los últimos años han venido experimentando fluctuaciones interanuales considerables. La necesidad de gestionar el recurso de una forma racional y responsable, impuso analizar algunos aspectos de la reproducción, crecimiento, mortalidad y pesquería, de modo que sirvan de base científica para llevar a cabo estrategias de manejo. Con el fin de cumplir con los objetivos, las muestras se obtuvieron durante la temporada de pesca junio-diciembre 2012 con una periodicidad semanal. A cada uno de los especímenes se le registró la longitud del manto (Lm, peso total (Pt, sexo y estado de madurez gonádica. Se procesaron 1 268 machos de 9 a 25cm Lm y 818 hembras de 9 a 22cm Lm; la proporción de sexo mensual fue diferente a uno excepto junio y agosto, con un alto porcentaje de maduros en ambos sexos. Las tallas mínima y media de madurez sexual en machos fueron: 11cm (428g y 16cm (1 142g; mientras que en hembras 12cm (476g y 15.35cm (844g. La relación longitud-peso de machos: Pt=0.7994*Lm2.62 y hembras: Pt=1.4552*Lm2.33 expresaron un crecimiento alométrico minorante. La estimación del crecimiento se basó en el análisis de la distribución de frecuencia de longitudes, para ello se usó el software FiSAT. Los parámetros de crecimiento estimados del modelo de von Bertalanffy fueron en machos: L∞=26.26cm, P∞=3 769g, k=2.3/año, t o=-0.015/año y en hembras: L∞=24.28cm, P∞=2 287g, k=1.8/año, t o=-0.09/año, mostraron un crecimiento rápido. La edad límite en machos fue de 1.30 años y en hembras de 1.57 años. Se observó asociación significativa y positiva de la captura del pulpo con la temperatura superficial del mar y negativa con la velocidad del viento y precipitación, que corresponde con la variabilidad hidrol

Misery Index Corrected by Informality: Applicable to Venezuela

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Josefa Ramoni Perazzi

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This paper suggests a variation of the IMO index (Okun's Misery Index, adapting it to markets with these characteristics, adding the ESI level (Employment in the Informal Sector to the unemployment level. This research compares the evolution of several standard misery indexes in several zones during the last decades, with emphasis on the case of Venezuela, for which the new proposed index is also estimated. Results show improvement in the well-being of groups of countries under study, compared to the deterioration of the indicator in Venezuela. In general terms, the IMO is controlled by unemployment, except in Venezuela. However, preponderance of inflation over unemployment in this country seems to occur by the underestimate that the unemployment rate has on the Venezuelan labor market situation.

Critical Pedagogy and Empowering in Teacher Education in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Chacon, Carmen T.; Alvarez, Luisa Cristina

This paper addresses the issue of the relationship between critical pedagogy and English as a foreign language (EFL) in Venezuela. Teacher-researchers have come to see the issues confronting nonnative educators in ELT as a more important issue than in previous years. They are particularly concerned about the current situation in Venezuela,…

Determinantes e conseqüências da insegurança alimentar no Amazonas: a influência dos ecossistemas Alimentary insecurity determinants and consequences at Amazonas: ecosystems influences

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Fernando Hélio Alencar

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Nesta revisão foram investigados os principais determinantes da transição epidemiológica, nutricional e do padrão de atividade física vivenciados pelos brasileiros nas últimas três décadas. Constata-se nestas pesquisas a exclusão sistemática da região Norte-rural do novo cenário epidemiológico nacional, atualmente caracterizado pelo declínio da desnutrição infantil e elevação concomitante da obesidade, além da ausência de informações científicas a respeito das condições de saúde, nutrição e sobrevivência das populações de praticamente todos os estados da região Norte. Especificamente para o estado do Amazonas é referida a menor estatura entre as crianças brasileiras, o que evidencia exposição à carências nutricionais de longa duração. Do mesmo modo, a análise evolutiva das pesquisas regionais caracteriza a persistência de um quadro grave de insegurança alimentar. Entretanto, sabe-se que a Amazônia é detentora de uma grande diversidade em peixes e frutos, o que deveria representar uma abundante oferta e utilização de proteína de boa qualidade biológica, calorias, vitaminas, minerais, e assim, viabilizar um adequado padrão de saúde, nutrição e qualidade de vida para sua população. A realidade social e econômica, bem como o quadro de precariedade da saúde e da nutrição da Região contrastam com a sua riqueza em recursos naturais. Para o entendimento deste evidente paradoxo foram investigados os componentes do bioma amazônico quanto à: heterogeneidade, complexidade, fragilidade, interatividade e suas relações com o potencial alimentar da região, bem como seu poder de influência na determinação do binômio saúde versus nutrição para os habitantes dos seus diferentes ecossistemas.In this review were investigated the principal determinants of the epidemic transition, nutritional and of the pattern of physical activity lived on by Brazilians in the last three decades. It is verified

El Amazonas en el camino de la sostenibilidad

OpenAIRE

Pinilla, Nelson

2003-01-01

La Amazonia es en la conciencia colectiva del planeta el espacio natural y cultural más conservado y donde es posible el desarrollo sostenible. Pero la realidad es otra: factores históricos y económicos, aunados a la codicia, la ignorancia y las erradas políticas andinas para las selvas han llevado a esta región a soportar intensos procesos de deforestación y extracción de sus recursos naturales y culturales. Al analizar la encrucijada del sin modelo económico actual del Amazonas, se encuentr...

Las políticas públicas y la necesidad de una verdadera política social en Venezuela

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Elys Gilbrando Mora Belandria

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo consiste en plantear algunos problemas que bloquean el camino hacia el desarrollo político y constituyen tarea urgente para el gobierno. Asimismo se trata de hacer un aporte abordando áreas estratégicas importantes en las estructuras del poder como es el caso de las políticas públicas, tal vez la más reciente e innovadora corriente de análisis presente en la Ciencia Política, incluyendo la política social como una de las exigencias de los ciudadanos frente al Estado y la democracia. Bajo este punto de vista las políticas públicas son consideradas una estrategia básica para legitimar el rendimiento del gobierno. Por último se abordan ciertos resultados de la mala política y sus efectos sobre la democracia pues, así lo entendemos, en Venezuela las tareas del gobierno en materia de políticas públicas han estado marcadas por una visión formalmente bien intencionada, pero que operativamente ha sido bloqueada por factores perturbadores como por ejemplo: la inconsistencia en la toma de decisiones, el centralismo, la corta visión para acercarse a los parámetros de una gerencia pública moderna, la excesiva politización de los trámites administrativos para emprender acciones concretas y la relación asimétrica entre el tamaño del Estado y la calidad del Estado, todo lo cual impide la realización correcta de los procedimientos para profundizar en la tarea obtener logros efectivos y eficientes en materia de política social y el avance hacia la modernización del sector público. .

A historical overview of leprosy epidemiology and control activities in Amazonas, Brazil

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Carolina Cunha

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to comparative genomics studies, this disease originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. The Europeans and North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years. In Brazil, this disease arrived with the colonizers who disembarked at the first colonies, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, at the end of the sixteenth century, after which it was spread to the other states. In 1854, the first leprosy cases were identified in State of Amazonas in the north of Brazil. The increasing number of leprosy cases and the need for treatment and disease control led to the creation of places to isolate patients, known as leprosaria. One of them, Colonia Antônio Aleixo was built in Amazonas in 1956 according to the most advanced recommendations for isolation at that time and was deactivated in 1979. The history of the Alfredo da Matta Center (AMC, which was the first leprosy dispensary created in 1955, parallels the history of leprosy in the state. Over the years, the AMC has become one of the best training centers for leprosy, general dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in Brazil. In addition to being responsible for leprosy control programs in the state, the AMC has carried out training programs on leprosy diagnosis and treatment for health professionals in Manaus and other municipalities of the state, aiming to increase the coverage of leprosy control activities. This paper provides a historical overview of leprosy in State of Amazonas, which is an endemic state in Brazil.

Estudos florísticos no município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. Brasil: I. famílias Annonaceae e Gnetaceae Floristic studies in township of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. Brazil: I. families Annonaceae and Gnetaceae

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José Augusto Coelho da Silva

2006-03-01

Full Text Available O Município de Presidente Figueiredo, no Estado do Amazonas, foi visitado durante três anos consecutivos, de 1996 a 1999, com o objetivo de se obter amostras botânicas da área, para estudos no Subprojeto "Elaboração de Revisões e Monografias Taxonômicas" com a finalidade de se elaborar uma Flórula para o Município. As coleções feitas neste período encontram-se depositadas no acervo do Herbário do INPA e as informações gerais sobre os taxa aqui estudados foram complementadas com as obtidas das coleções feitas anteriormente por outros pesquisadores. Para a família Annonaceae Juss. (Magnoliopsida foram identificadas 39 espécies distribuídas em 15 gêneros. Destes, Duguetia A. St. Hill., Guatteria Ruiz & Pavon, Annona L., Unonopsis R.E.Fries e Xylopia L.destacaram-se pela diversidade em espécies, sendo os dois primeiros representados por oito e seis espécies, respectivamente, e os três últimos, com quatro espécies. A família Gnetaceae Lindl. (Gimnospermae está representada no Município apenas pelo gênero Gnetum L., com a espécie G. leyboldii Tul.The Township of Presidente Figueiredo, in the State of Amazonas, was visited for three consecutive years, from 1996 to 1999, with the aim of acquiring botanical samples from the area, in order to carry out studies in the "Taxonomic Monographies and Revisions Preparation" SubProject, for the purpose of preparing a survey of the flora. Collections pertaining to the present work are deposited at INPA's herbarium and, general information on the taxa studied here were complemented with those obtained from earlier collections conducted by other researchers. Thirty nine (39 species distributed into 15 genera were identified for the family Annonaceae Juss. (Magnoliopsida. Of these, Duguetia A. St. Hill., Guatteria Ruiz & Pavon, Annona L., Unonopsis R.E.Fries and Xylopia L. stood out on account of their species diversity, the former two were represented by eight and six species

REGIONAL RECIPROCAL GUARANTEE SOCIETIES IN VENEZUELA

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Orlando J. Canelones

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This research aims to describe the operation of services offered by the Regional Mutual Guarantee Societies (SGRs in Venezuela, and to present synthetically, the rudiments for constitution, as well as the legal basis that must rule them, through conducting an executive summary of the Law of the National System of Reciprocal Guarantees for Small and Medium Business and the Promotion, Constitution and Functioning Rules of National Mutual Funds and Guarantees and SGRs.  The methodology used in this research is documentary, through a literature review and exploration that allowed inferences about the importance of Regional SGRs in Venezuela, as financing alternative

[Risk of death 4 years after a 1st cerebral infarction: prospective study in Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Poni, E; Granero, R; Escobar, B

1995-12-01

Stroke, the 5th. cause of death in Venezuela, has been associated to cerebral infarction. However, there is little information concerning lethality factors. 33 atherothrombotic subtype stroke patients, 31 (96%) Latino and 2(4%) white, were admitted into a prospective study to analyze the role of 11 mortality risk factors for those patients. A mortality relative risk (RR) > 1.5 or Mortality RR for patients age 65 and over (RR = 2.95) and 4 year mortality RR for male patients (RR = 2.04) were clinically and statistically significant. History of high blood pressure was protective (RR = 0.62) probably due to good medical control. Cumulative mortality was higher than that of comparable studies, even from the first week of follow-up, reaching 67% at the 4th year.

Poverty rates in Venezuela: getting the numbers right.

Science.gov (United States)

Weisbrot, Mark; Sandoval, Luis; Rosnick, David

2006-01-01

This article looks at household and individual poverty rates in Venezuela over the past seven years. For more than a year, the statement that poverty in Venezuela has increased under the government of President Hugo Chávez has appeared in scores of major newspapers, on major television and radio programs, and even in publications devoted to foreign policy. There are no data to support such statements, and in fact the available data show a decline in poverty for both individuals and households over the seven-year period: the percentage of people in poverty declined from 50 percent in the first quarter of 1999 to 43.7 percent in 2005. Further, there is no evidence to suggest any change in the methodology for measuring poverty during this period, as has been alleged in a number of reports. The article also examines briefly the impact of significant changes in non-cash benefits such as free health care, which are not taken into account in the measured poverty rate, on poor people in Venezuela. Finally, the authors look at how the mistakes in reporting on Venezuela's poverty rate were made; an appendix gives examples of mistakes in major media and foreign policy publications.

The Dairy Technology System in Venezuela. Summary of Research 79.

Science.gov (United States)

Nieto, Ruben D.; Henderson, Janet L.

A study examined the agricultural technology system in Venezuela with emphasis on the dairy industry. An analytical framework was used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the following components of Venezuela's agricultural technology system: policy, technology development, technology transfer, and technology use. Selected government…

Venezuela slates second oil field revival round

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

This paper reports that Venezuela will accept bids under a second round next year from private foreign and domestic companies for production contracts to operate marginal active as well as inactive oil fields. The first such round came earlier this year, involving about 55 other marginal, inactive fields. It resulted in two contractors signed with domestic and foreign companies. It represented the first time since nationalization of the petroleum industry in Venezuela in 1976 that private companies were allowed to produce oil in the country. A public bid tender was expected at presstime last week

La política petrolera del Gobierno Chávez o la redefinición del Estado ante la globalización neoliberal

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José Honorio Martínez

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El presente texto da cuenta de los aspectos nodales de la política petrolera agenciada por el gobierno Chávez, para sostener que en torno a ella se manifestó el conflicto entre el avance de la globalización neoliberal y la vigencia del Estado en función del interés nacional. Mientras el interés de las compañías transnacionales se proyectó en la subordinación de la empresa estatal Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA a sus intereses, el gobierno Chávez, en ejercicio de la soberanía del Estado nacional, formuló la política de defensa de la empresa estatal. Para dar cuenta de este planteamiento se analizan los principales aspectos de la política petrolera del Estado venezolano en el transcurso del siglo XX, en particular de los contenidos más significativos adoptados por los diversos gobiernos desde los años cuarenta hasta los noventa. En la segunda parte se enfatiza en el estudio de las modificaciones introducidas con la nueva política petrolera del gobierno Chávez desde 1999 y lo que estas representaron.   Palabras clave: Política petrolera, globalización neoliberal, Estado venezolano___________________________Abstract:This work explains the main elements of Chávez’s government oil policy in order to assert that around it a conflict between the advance toward neoliberal globalization and the validity of The Stated to defend the national interests occurred. While the transnational companies interests sought to subordinate the state-owned company (Petróleos de Venezuela - PDVSA, the Chávez’s government, doing to use of the state sovereignty, designed a policy in order to defend the state-owned company. To develop this idea, the paper was split into two parts, the first analyzes the main elements of the Venezuelan oil policy during the 20st century, emphasizing on certain governments from 40s through 90s. The second part deals with the modifications inserted by the Chávez’s government oil policy from 1999 and what these

78 FR 4437 - Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, Venezuela: Notice of Commission Determination To Conduct...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-22

... From India, Kazakhstan, Venezuela: Notice of Commission Determination To Conduct Full Five-Year Reviews... silicomanganese from India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of... on subject imports from Venezuela was adequate, and [[Page 4438

Hymenoptera stings in Brazil: a neglected health threat in Amazonas State

OpenAIRE

Costa, Allyson Guimarães; Chaves, Bárbara Aparecida; Murta, Felipe Leão Gomes; Sachett, Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves; Sampaio, Vanderson Souza; Silva, Vanessa Costa; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo

2018-01-01

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hymenoptera injuries are commonly caused by stinging insects. In Amazonas state, Brazil, there is no information regarding distribution, profile, and systemic manifestations associated with Hymenoptera injuries. METHODS: This study aimed to identify risk factors for systemic manifestation using the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (2007 to 2015). RESULTS: Half of Hymenoptera injuries were caused by bee stings. Hymenoptera injuries were concentrate...

Historical analysis of the records of sylvan yellow fever in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, from 1996 to 2009

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Maria das Graças Gomes Saraiva

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction Yellow fever is a non-contagious infectious disease, highly lethal, transmitted by the Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes. Methods Descriptive retrospective study of the yellow fever cases in Amazonas, between 1996 and 2009. Results Forty two cases of yellow fever were confirmed, with 30 deaths, 10% of which were foreigners. Conclusions The presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in both rural Amazonas and its capital demonstrates the dispersion of these vectors and underscores the need for better and continuous epidemiological and entomological control.

Caracterização da Frota Pesqueira de Coari, Médio Rio Solimões (Amazonas-Brasil

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Sandrelly Oliveira Inomata

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Os aspectos físicos, operacionais e econômicos da frota pesqueira no município de Coari, situado na região do Médio Rio Solimões (Estado do Amazonas, foram analisados por meio de dados coletados diretamente no porto de desembarque e dados secundários no período de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009 obtidos junto às entidades de classe ligadas à atividade pesqueira. A frota pesqueira do município de Coari foi composta, em sua maioria, por canoas motorizadas (7,6 m ±1,29, e por barcos pesqueiros com média de comprimento de 12,8 m (±1,94. Os lagos Coari e Juçara foram os principais locais de captura do pescado. A malhadeira foi o apetrecho de pesca mais utilizado durante as expedições. As principais espécies capturadas foram as da ordem Characiforme, jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp., pacu (Mylossoma duriventre, Myleus sp., sardinha (Triportheus spp. e curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans. O componente dos custos mais oneroso durante as pescarias de canoas motorizadas foi o combustível. Estes resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de políticas de investimento e medidas adequadas de manejo para melhoria da atividade pesqueira na região de Coari.

Efeitos sedativos da associação de Cetamina e Midazolam administrados pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaio (Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea

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Eduarda H. Bitencourt

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A falta de protocolos de sedação seguros para uso em papagaios na literatura demonstra a necessidade de conhecer os anestésicos que são eficazes nestes animais. Devido a pouca massa muscular desta espécie, notou-se a necessidade de estudar outra via de administração, menos invasiva e dolorosa ao animal, como a via intranasal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos e a viabilidade da administração intranasal, em comparação à via intramuscular, de 15mg/kg de Cetamina e 1mg/kg de Midazolam. Foram utilizados 14 papagaios das espécies Amazona aestiva e Amazona vinacea, de ambos os sexos, adultos, peso médio de 388,5±29,1g. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: intramuscular (IM, n=7 e intranasal (IN, n=7. No grupo intramuscular, a administração dos anestésicos foi realizada nos músculos peitorais, utilizando seringas de insulina e no grupo intranasal, com auxílio de uma micropipeta. Avaliou-se o período de latência, tempo de duração, qualidade de sedação, e o tempo de recuperação total. A média para o período de latência no grupo IM foi de 6,13±2,02 minutos e no grupo IN de 4,84±2,37 minutos. Já para o tempo de duração da sedação no grupo IM a média foi de 35,81±29,56 e no grupo IN de 24,52±14,83 minutos. Ambas as vias promoveram sedação adequada, pois a média do escore da qualidade de sedação obtida pelo grupo IM foi 2±1,5 e pelo grupo IN 1,28±1,1. O tempo de recuperação total no grupo IM foi de 27,04±11,69 e no grupo IN de 17,67±11,64 minutos. Apesar do grupo IN ter apresentado os menores tempos de período de latência, duração e de recuperação total e ter obtido melhor escore na qualidade de sedação, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que a administração de 15 mg/kg de cetamina e 1mg/kg de midazolam pela via intranasal ou intramuscular em papagaios (Amazona aestiva e

Validación de "infarto de miocardio" como causa de muerte en certificados de defunción, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela Validation of "myocardial infarction" as cause of death on death certificates in Barquisimeto, Lara state, Venezuela

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Ricardo Granero

1997-09-01

Full Text Available Las tasas de mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica (CI han sido utilizadas ampliamente en el diagnóstico de la salud cardiovascular de regiones y países. Sin embargo, su validez ha sido cuestionada fundamentalmente por lo que le da origen: el certificado de defunción (CDD. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de establecer la validez del diagnóstico "infarto de miocardio (IM" como causa de muerte en los CDD de muertes intra-hospitalarias en la ciudad de Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. Entre julio de 1991 y junio de 1992, se identificaron todos los CDD con las características mencionadas, se trató de ubicar la historia clínica correspondiente a cada caso y cualquier otra información clínica pertinente. Se registraron 247 CDD elegibles y se ubicó información clínica adecuada en 136 casos (55%. Aplicando los criterios del Proyecto MONICA, se encontraron M-definitivo en 62 casos (45,6%, IM-probable en 31 casos (22,8% y No-IM en 43 casos (31,6%. Los resultados indican que existe un sobre registro de casos de muerte por IM del 32% (intervalo de confianza del 95% = 23,8-39,4. A la luz de estos resultados es necesario estudiar los factores que inciden en la exactitud de los diagnósticos IM en los CDD. Con esto tendríamos elementos para revisar las normas y los procedimientos empleados en la producción y manejo de los CDD, así como preparar un programa de educación para mejorar la precisión de los mismos.Death rates due to Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD are widely used to assess regional and national cardiovascular health status. However, their validity is questionable, essentially because they are based on death certificates (DCs. The present study was conducted in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Barquisimeto (Lara State, Venezuela, from June 1991 to July 1992. The purpose was to establish the validity of the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in DCs of intrahospital deaths. Efforts were made to locate all clinical charts and any

Molecular Epidemiology of Epidemic Severe Malaria Caused by Plasmodium vivax in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Santos-Ciminera, Patricia D

2005-01-01

.... In Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, atypical cases of Plasmodium vivax infections, including patients presenting with severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding, led to the hypothesis that severe disease...

Venezuela and Energy Security of Latin America

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Elena Igorevna Vesnovskaya

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to the specificity of Venezuela's energy policy and the features of the evolution of its approaches to solving problems of energy security. Special attention is paid to the projects of Caracas in the energy sector which are aimed at the creating of common energy zone in Latin America. The author has revealed the interaction of internal political processes in Venezuela as the country's leader in the region, with its integration policy, and also identified trends in the further development of energy policy and strategy of Latin American countries. The research of energy resources of Latin America determined that the main factor that works in favor of convergence states within the South American "geopolitical ring" is to ensure energy security. Venezuela is among the richest resources of Latin America. In the research it was determined that Petrosur, Petrocaribe and Petroandina provide the basis for a range of bilateral agreements to promote cooperation, creation ventures based on the state oil companies of these states.

Venezuela - energy situation 1982

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1984-01-01

The energy situation of Venezuela is reviewed on the basis of some relevant data. Its energy policy is commented on, and developments in electric power generation are described as well as the trends observed for the various energy sources. Figures are given on external trade and on the balance of payments.

A hist?ria da Pol?tica de Sa?de Mental do Amazonas: a reforma psiqui?trica e sua estrutura??o

OpenAIRE

Navarro, Raquel Maria

2015-01-01

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar historicamente a estrutura??o da Pol?tica de Sa?de Mental no Amazonas, tendo como foco a Reforma Psiqui?trica ocorrida principalmente em Manaus. O Movimento da Reforma Psiqui?trica no Amazonas iniciou no final da d?cada de 1970, por um grupo de psiquiatras e profissionais do Hospital Col?nia Eduardo Ribeiro, que se inspiraram nas ideias da Reforma Psiqui?trica. Ideias que possibilitaram o surgimento de uma Pol?tica de Sa?de Mental no Brasil...

78 FR 60846 - Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Orders

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-02

...] Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Orders AGENCY: Import... Venezuela would likely lead to a continuation or recurrence of dumping and material injury to an industry in... orders on silicomanganese from India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela, pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff...

Sedative Effects of Intranasal Midazolam Administration in Wild Caught Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and Orange-winged Amazon (Amazona amazonica) Parrots.

Science.gov (United States)

Schaffer, Débora P H; de Araújo, Nayone L L C; Raposo, Ana Cláudia S; Filho, Emanoel F Martins; Vieira, João Victor R; Oriá, Arianne P

2017-09-01

Safe and effective sedation protocols are important for chemical restraint of birds in clinical and diagnostic procedures, such as clinical evaluations, radiographic positioning, and blood collection. These protocols may reduce stress and ease the management of wild-caught birds, which are susceptible to injury or death when exposed to stressful situations. We compare the sedative effect of intranasal midazolam in wild-caught blue-fronted (Amazona aestiva) and orange-winged (Amazona amazonica) Amazon parrots. Ten adult parrots of each species (n = 20), of unknown sex, weighing 0.337 ± 0.04 (blue-fronted) and 0.390 ± 0.03 kg (orange-winged), kg were used. Midazolam (2 mg/kg) was administered intranasally and the total volume of the drug was divided equally between the 2 nostrils. Onset time and total sedation time were assessed. Satisfactory sedation for clinical evaluation was induced in all birds. Onset time and total sedation times were similar in both species: 5.36 ± 1.16 and 25.40 ± 5.72 minutes, respectively, for blue-fronted Amazons and 5.09 ± 0.89 and 27.10 ± 3.73 minutes, respectively, for orange-winged Amazons. A total of 15 animals showed absence of vocalization, with moderate muscle relaxation and wing movement upon handling, and 2 animals presented with lateral recumbence, with intense muscle relaxation and no wing movement, requiring no restraint. Three blue-fronted Amazons had no effective sedation. Intranasally administered midazolam at a dose of 2 mg/kg effectively promoted sedative effects with a short latency time and fast recovery in wild-caught parrots.

Roadkills of vertebrates in Venezuela Vertebrados mortos em estradas na Venezuela

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Jan Pinowski

2005-03-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an analysis of vertebrate roadkills in five different habitats of tropical South America. Observations of vertebrate roadkills were conducted in 1978, on a 572 km road between Caracas and Mantecal/Apure in Venezuela, during the rainy season (June-October. During five passages on this route, which includes five distinct habitats, 79 vertebrate carcasses - mammals and reptiles - were found. If we assume that the carcasses remain for two days on the road, vehicles can be expected to strike 350 spectacled caimans Caiman crocodilus Linnaeus, 1758 (Alligatoridae during the rainy season alone. Similar calculations for other species yield 313 snakes and lizards, 294 opossums Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 (Didelphidae, 220 crab-eating foxes Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1776 (Canidae, 129 tamanduas Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758 (Myrmecophagidae, 55 capybaras Hydrochaerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766 (Hydrochaeridae and 37 eastern cottontails Sylvilagus floridanus Allen, 1890 (Leporidae. Numerous papers have been published on vertebrates killed by vehicles on roads in Europe, North America, and Australia, and several papers are available regarding vertebrate roadkills in Africa and Asia. From South America there are several papers on vertebrates, birds, and mammals, whereas from Venezuela only one and it deals with iguanas (Iguana iguana Linnaeus, 1758, Iguanidae.Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de vertebrados mortos em estrada em cinco habitats tropicais diferentes na América do Sul. As observações dos vertebrados mortos em estrada foram feitas em 1978, a 572 km da rodovia entre Caracas e Mantecal/Apure na Venezuela, durante a estação das chuvas (junho-outubro. Durante cinco passagens nesta rota, a qual inclui cinco habitats diferentes, foram encontradas 79 carcaças de vertebrados - répteis e mamíferos. Assumindo que as carcaças permaneçam por dois dias na estrada, é esperado que veículos matem 350

Estado nutricional e consumo de energia e nutrientes de pré-escolares que frequentam creches no município de Manaus, Amazonas: existem diferenças entre creches públicas e privadas? Estado nutricional y consumo de energía y nutrientes de pre-escolares que frecuentan guarderías en el municipio de Manaus, Amazonas (Brasil: ¿existen diferencias entre guarderías públicas y privadas? Nutritional status and energy and nutrients intake of children attending day-care centers in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil: are there differences between public and private day-care centers?

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Bruno Mendes Tavares

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de crianças assistidas em creches públicas e privadas no município de Manaus, Amazonas. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas crianças entre 24 e 72 meses de duas creches públicas (n=217 e duas creches privadas (n=91 de Manaus. O estado nutricional foi classificado pelos índices peso para idade, peso para estatura, estatura para idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC para idade, em valores de escores Z. O consumo alimentar na creche foi avaliado pelo método da pesagem direta individual dos alimentos e, no domicílio, pelo registro alimentar de um dia aplicado aos responsáveis. Estimou-se a frequência de crianças com ingestão de nutrientes acima ou abaixo dos pontos de corte de Estimated Average Intake (EAR ou Adequate Intake (AI. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se maior frequência de crianças com excesso de peso nas creches privadas segundo os índices peso para estatura e IMC para idade. As crianças das instituições públicas, quando comparadas àquelas das privadas, consumiram mais gorduras poli-insaturadas, trans, ácido graxo ômega-6, vitamina C e sódio, e menos zinco. Em ambos os tipos de creches observaram-se consumo elevado de energia e proporção elevada de crianças com consumo de vitaminas A e C, zinco e sódio acima do limite superior tolerável de ingestão. A proporção de crianças com inadequação de consumo de cálcio foi maior nas creches públicas do que nas privadas (27,6 versus 7,9%; pOBJETIVO: Verificar el estado nutricional y el consumo alimentar de niños asistidos en guarderías públicas y privadas en el municipio de Manaus, Amazonas (Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron niños entre 24 y 72 meses de dos guarderías públicas (n=217 y dos guarderías privadas (n=91 de Manaus. El estado nutricional fue clasificado por los índices peso para la edad, peso para la estatura, estatura para la edad e índice de masa corporal (IMC para edad, en valores de escores Z. El

Osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva).

Science.gov (United States)

Cardoso, João Felipe Rito; Levy, Marcelo Guilherme Bezerra; Liparisi, Flavia; Romão, Mario Antonio Pinto

2013-09-01

Osteoma is an uncommon bone formation documented in avian species and other animals. A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) with clinical respiratory symptoms was examined because of a hard mass present on the left nostril. Radiographs suggested a bone tumor, and the mass was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination revealed features of an osteoma. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. Osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in birds with respiratory distress and swelling of the nostril.

78 FR 13380 - Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela; Scheduling of Full Five-Year Reviews...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-27

... From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela; Scheduling of Full Five-Year Reviews Concerning the Antidumping Duty Orders on Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela AGENCY: United States..., Kazakhstan, and Venezuela would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury within a...

78 FR 9034 - Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela: Final Results of the Expedited Second...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-07

...] Silicomanganese From India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela: Final Results of the Expedited Second Sunset Reviews of the... India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela. The Department finds that revocation of these antidumping duty orders... INFORMATION: Background The antidumping duty orders on silicomanganese from India, Kazakhstan, and Venezuela...

Epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Mata-Essayag, Sofia; Delgado, Alejandro; Colella, Maria T; Landaeta-Nezer, Maria E; Rosello, Arantza; Perez de Salazar, Celina; Olaizola, Carolina; Hartung, Claudia; Magaldi, Sylvia; Velasquez, Etna

2013-08-01

Sporotrichosis is one of the most common subcutaneous mycoses in Venezuela. It is a granulomatous chronic infection with cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue lesions. Regional lymphatic involvement may be present; extracutaneous disease is rare. The causal fungus Sporothrix schenckii has been isolated from soil, vegetation, and animals on numerous occasions and in many localities throughout the world. The aim of this study is to describe clinical and epidemiological features of cases of sporotrichosis observed in Venezuela and review of the literature. We included the demographic data, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment, and follow-up of patients with sporotrichosis from 1963 to 2009, diagnosed at the Department of Medical Mycology. One-hundred and thirty-three sporotrichosis cases were diagnosed. Most patients were under the age of 30 years (66.15%). In 61.6% of them, the mode of transmission was not identified. The predominant clinical form in this population was lymphocutaneous (63.15%). Direct microscopic diagnosis was performed in 123 cases, and 57.9% yielded positive results for asteroid body. Sporotrichosis is an endemic subcutaneous mycosis in Venezuela. There are no reports to this date of disseminated forms of the disease, even amongst patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Direct microscopic examination of wet mount slides with saline solution or distilled water in the search for asteroid bodies is paramount. Saturated sodium and potassium iodine solutions continue to be extremely efficacious and affordable to most of our patients, therefore our treatment of choice. © 2013 The International Society of Dermatology.

Venezuela positioning itself to take key market role in wake of Gulf War

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on Venezuela which continues efforts to position itself in world markets to capitalize on fallout from the Persian Gulf war. The central government and state oil company Petroleos de Venezuela SA have accelerated already ambitious plans to expand activities in upstream and downstream oil and gas sectors. Pvdsa has sharply increased its 1991-96 investment program from the level planned at the end of last year. The goal is to put Venezuela on a par with major Persian Gulf oil exporters in terms of productive capacity. Linchpin of those efforts could well be further steps toward privatization of Venezuela's oil sector. For the first time since nationalization in 1976, private foreign and domestic companies are being permitted to participate in Venezuelan exploration and development. In addition, the government is trimming the onerous tax burden the oil sector has carried in Venezuela, as well as its heavy subsidy of domestic petroleum products

[Taxonomy of some microteids (Squamata) from Venezuela, I: variation and geographic distribution of Euspondylus acutirostris and description of a new Euspondylus from northeast Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Mijares-Urrutia, A; Celsa Señaris, J; Arends, A

2000-01-01

Only two species of the microteiid lizard genus Euspondylus (E. acutirostris and E. phelpsorum) had been reported from Venezuela. New records of the poorly known gymnophthalmid lizard Euspondylus acutirostris are reported extending its known range along the Coastal Range and Sierra de Aroa (north-central Venezuela) and Sierra de San Luis (northwestern Venezuela), all records occurring at the cloud forest above 1000 m. Seven body measurements were included and morphological variation is described based on at least 17 new specimens. Sexual dimorphism is determined in, at least, eight characteristics of size and squamation. Specimens were found in epiphytic bromeliads and the ground. The populations from Sierra de Aroa and Sierra de San Luis (only one specimen known from each locality), differ from those of the Coastal Range (supposedly the nominal population) in some morphological and coloration features, suggesting that the former two could represent different taxonomical entities. A new species of Euspondylus is described based on a female (taken within a bromeliad) from Cerro El Humo, Sucre, northeastern Venezuela. It differs from congeners mainly by having keeled scales on the limbs and a very acute snout.

Presencia intradomiciliar del ciempiés Rhysida celeris (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae en el semiárido periurbano del estado Falcón, Venezuela | Intradomiciliar presence of the centipede Rhysida celeris (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae in periurban semiarid region of Falcón state, Venezuela

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Dalmiro Cazorla-Perfetti

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The presence of the centipede Rhysida celeris (Humbert y Saussure, 1870 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae: Otostigminae is recorded for the first time captured into a bathroom in a dwelling of periurban area of the city of Coro, semiarid north-western region, Falcon state, Venezuela. Details of its morphology, taxonomy and geographical distribution, are described and discussed.

Lutzomyia reducta Feliciangeli et al., 1988, a host of Leishmania amazonensis, sympatric with two other members of the Flaviscutellata complex in southern Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae Lutzomyia reducta Feliciangeli et al., 1988 um hospedeiro de Leishmania amazonensis, simpátrico com duas outras espécies do complexo flaviscutellata no sul do Amazonas e Rondônica, Brasil (Diptera: Psychodidae

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R. A. Freitas

1989-09-01

ídas. Leishmania amazonensis foi isolada em um exemplar de L. reducta altamente infectado, tornando esta espécie a terceira a ser implicada como vetor desta leishmania no Brasil. A abundância relativa das três espécies simpátricas do complexo flaviscutellata varia em escala local e aparenta ter relação com a drenagem do solo. L. reducta constituiu cerca de 25% dos flebotomíneos capturados em armadilhas Disney em locais mal e bem drenados, porém não foi encontrada em locais sujeitos a inundações. L. olmeca nociva era restrita às áreas mal drenadas não sujeitas a inundações, enquanto L. flaviscutellata foi capturada neste dois ambientes e também numa área periodicamente inundada. L. reducta não tem sido assinalada ao norte do Rio Amazonas no Brasil, porém a ausência de registros do oeste e noroeste do Estado do Amazonas possa refletri a falta de levantamento nestas áreas.

Information Sciences: training, challenges and new proposal from Venezuela

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Leomar José Montilla

2012-04-01

Full Text Available It reflects on the training of information professionals in Venezuela and the potential contributions that these professionals can provide to society and its projection to it. The content is divided into three parts: the first deals with issues related to professional training in Information Sciences in Venezuela, the second project the training Venezuelan Information Sciences in the future and the third reflects on the prospects for professionals in Information Science

Detección y diferenciación de Entamoeba histolytica y Entamoeba dispar mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en individuos de una comunidad del Estado Zulia, Venezuela Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar by polymerase chain reaction in a community in Zulia State, Venezuela

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Zulbey Rivero

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La identificación diferencial de Entamoeba histolytica y Entamoeba dispar es esencial para un tratamiento adecuado del paciente y con fines epidemiológicos. Para determinar la prevalencia de E. histolytica y E. dispar se estandarizó y aplicó un ensayo de PCR, utilizando oligonucleótidos específicos para cada especie. 204 muestras de heces de individuos de la comunidad de Santa Rosa de Agua (Municipio Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, fueron analizadas a través del examen directo con SSF (0,85% y lugol, concentrado de formol-éter y PCR. Al examen microscópico, 42 individuos (20,58% presentaron formas evolutivas del complejo E. histolytica/E. dispar; mientras que la técnica de PCR evidenció un total de 47 casos positivos a estas amibas; de los cuales 22 eran portadores de E. histolytica (10,78%, 16 (7,84% de E. dispar y 9 (4,41% presentaron infección mixta. No hubo diferencia significativa al relacionar las variables sexo y presencia de E. histolytica y/o E. dispar, ni con los grupos etarios. No existieron casos de estas amibas, en los menores de 2 años. La frecuencia observada de E. histolytica (31/204, demuestra el carácter endémico de la amibiasis en esta comunidad.Differential identification of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar is essential for both appropriate patient treatment and epidemiological purposes. To determine the prevalence of these amoeba infections in Santa Rosa de Agua (Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela, a PCR assay using specific primers for each species was standardized and applied. 204 stool samples were analyzed through direct microscopic examination with SSF (0.85% and lugol, formol-ether concentration, and PCR. Under direct microscopy, 42 individuals (20.58% presented the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex. Meanwhile PCR showed 47 positive cases for these amoebas: 22 E. histolytica (10.78%, 16 E. dispar (7.84%, and 9 (4.41% mixed infections. There was no significant difference in the presence of E

Proteste in Venezuela und die Krise des Chavismus

OpenAIRE

Mijares, Víctor M.

2014-01-01

Seit Wochen demonstrieren in Venezuela Gegner der Regierung von Nicolás Maduro gegen Gewaltkriminalität, Inflation und die Einschränkung bürgerlicher Grundrechte. Die Regierung antwortet mit Repression und lässt einen führenden Oppositionspolitiker verhaften. Venezuela steht vor einem neuen Zyklus der Instabilität. Das während der Präsidentschaft von Hugo Chávez (1999-2013) etablierte sozioökonomische Modell stößt schon im ersten Amtsjahr seines Nachfolgers Nicolás Maduro an seine Grenzen: Ve...

Interruption of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in Northern Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

Background Onchocerciasis is caused by Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium species (black flies). In the Americas, the infection has been previously described in 13 discrete regional foci distributed among six countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela) where more than 370,000 people are currently considered at risk. Since 2001, disease control in Venezuela has relied on the mass drug administration to the at-risk communities. This report provides empirical evidence of interruption of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by Simulium metallicum in 510 endemic communities from two Northern foci of Venezuela, after 10–12 years of 6-monthly Mectizan® (ivermectin) treatment to all the eligible residents. Methods In-depth entomologic and epidemiologic surveys were serially conducted from 2001–2012 in selected (sentinel and extra-sentinel) communities from the North-central (NC) and North-east (NE) onchocerciasis foci of Venezuela in order to monitor the impact of ivermectin treatment. Results From 2007–2009, entomological indicators in both foci confirmed that 0 out of 112,637 S. metallicum females examined by PCR contained L3 infection in insect heads. The upper bound of the 95% confidence intervals of the infective rate of the vector reached values below 1% by 2009 (NC) and 2012 (NE). Additionally, after 14 (NC) and 22 (NE) rounds of treatment, the seasonal transmission potential (±UL CIs) of S. metallicum was under the critical threshold of 20 L3 per person per season. Serological analysis in school children < 15 years-old demonstrated that 0 out of 6,590 individuals were harboring antibodies to Ov-16. Finally, epidemiological surveys made during 2010 (NC) and 2012 (NE) showed no evidence of microfilariae in the skin and eyes of the population. Conclusions These results meet the WHO criteria for absence of parasite transmission and disease morbidity in these endemic areas which represent 91% of the population previously at

As questões habitacional e urbana na Venezuela contemporânea

OpenAIRE

Flávio Higuchi Hirao

2015-01-01

Essa dissertação aborda a questão urbana e habitacional na Venezuela. Realiza-se investigação histórica sobre os principais períodos da política habitacional na Venezuela a partir de 1928 (fundação do Banco Obrero), seguida pela caracterização do programa Gran Misión Vivienda Venezuela (sob a gestão de Hugo Chávez) e dos movimentos sociais urbanos reunido em torno da plataforma do Movimiento de Pobladoras y Pobladores. Investiga-se a importância da formação das favelas e a subsequente luta pe...

Pediatric multiple sclerosis in Venezuela

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Joaquín A. Peña

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Venezuelan pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS. METHODS: Database records from the National Program for MS were searched for patients with an established diagnosis of MS whose first symptoms appeared before age 18. RESULTS: The national database held records of 1.710 patients; 3.8% had onset of the first symptoms before age 18. 46.7% were boys, yielding an F:M ratio of 1.13:1. Many children had a disease onset characterized by motor impairment (30.7%, brainstem/cerebellum and spinal cord affectation (27.6%, headache (26%. Less frequent symptoms were sensory symptoms (8% and optic neuritis (7%. DISCUSSION: Pediatric MS patients in Venezuela represent a significant proportion of all MS cases. The clinical pattern is characterized by motor symptoms at onset, and predominantly monosymptomatic presentation with a relapsing-remitting pattern. This is the first systematic attempt to estimate the prevalence of pediatric MS in Venezuela.

LA SALUD EN EL PROCESO DE DESCENTRALIZACION TERRITORIAL EN VENEZUELA

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Maritza Avila Urdaneta

2001-07-01

Full Text Available La estrategia de la descentralización del Estado se inicia con la aprobación de la Ley de Descentralización, Delimitación y Transferencia de Competencias del Poder Público (LOD en diciembre de 1989. El propósito de la descentralización es aumentar la capacidad de respuesta eficiente del sistema de servicios a los problemas de salud a la población entre los diferentes niveles de poder central, estadal y municipal, así como brindarle una mayor participación a las comunidades en su solución. En Venezuela las instituciones que prestan servicios de salud son numerosas, en su mayoría independientes y ausentes de una coordinación efectiva por parte del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social (MSAS, ente creado en 1936 con mayor injerencia en los asuntos relativos a la salud. El MSAS se orienta hacia una política de centralización normativa – procedimental y desconcentración programática que consiste en la transferencia de las funciones administrativas, requeridas para el desarrollo de los programas, a los órganos regionales del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Destaca que el MSAS delimitará a las comunidades territorial, demográfica y técnicamente, en función del establecimiento de atención integral a la salud que le preste sus servicios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el proceso de descentralización de la salud, tomando en cuenta la actual coyuntura sociopolítica y económica en el marco de la nueva Constitución Bolivariana (1999. La muestra está constituida por los Estados Monagas, Carabobo, Aragua, Falcón y Zulia. Los resultados se concretan en el aumento de la productividad y calidad de los servicios de atención médica; simplificación de los procesos administrativos y el fortalecimiento de la democracia, al contar con una comunidad involucrada y satisfecha con el servicio de salud. Se concluye que el proceso de descentralización municipal ha sido frenado por el Gobierno central en los Estados Monagas y

Proyectos educativos: estudio comparativo entre Venezuela y Colombia

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Mineira Finol

2005-09-01

Full Text Available El Proyecto Educativo Integral Comunitario (PEIC y el Proyecto Educativo Institucional constituyen la categoría de comparación entre Venezuela y Colombia; a tal fin, este estudio de tipo comparativo-documental se centró en determinar congruencias y discrepancias entre PEIC y PEI, utilizando el método comparativo estructurado en cuatro fases: descripción, interpretación, yuxtaposición y comparación, propuesto por Hilker y Bereday (1972 Entre los resultados se tienen: congruencias en cuanto surgen sobre las bases de diagnóstico externos efectuados por organismos internacionales UNESCO, CEPAL ante la inefectividad y baja productividad de ambos países; a nivel interno responden a políticas educativas reformadoras de currículum y leyes,. Discrepancias referidas al tiempo de implementación; en Venezuela a partir de 1996; Colombia en 1992; este último, consolidó las bases para la participación a través del gobierno escolar y de un sistema de evaluación institucional, muy incipiente en Venezuela.

CYP2D6 variability in populations from Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Moreno, Nancy; Flores-Angulo, Carlos; Villegas, Cecilia; Mora, Yuselin

2016-12-01

CYP2D6 is an important cytochrome P450 enzyme that plays an important role in the metabolism of about 25% of currently prescribed drugs. The presence of polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity, thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatments. The most prevalent diseases in the admixed population from Venezuela are cardiovascular and cancer, whereas viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, particularly malaria, are prevalent in Amerindian populations; in the treatment of these diseases, several drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 are used. In this work, we reviewed the data on CYP2D6 variability and predicted metabolizer phenotypes, in healthy volunteers of two admixed and five Amerindian populations from Venezuela. The Venezuelan population is very heterogeneous as a result of the genetic admixture of three major ethnical components: Europeans, Africans and Amerindians. There are noticeable inter-regional and inter-population differences in the process of mixing of this population. Hitherto, there are few published studies in Venezuela on CYP2D6; therefore, it is necessary to increase research in this regard, in particular to develop studies with a larger sample size. There is a considerable amount of work remaining before CYP2D6 is integrated into clinical practice in Venezuela.

Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae em um foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na área periurbana de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae in a focus of American cutaneous leishmaniasis on the urban periphery of Manaus, State of Amazonas

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Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa

2008-10-01

Full Text Available No período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002, usando armadilhas CDC e Disney, realizaram-se coletas de flebotomíneos, na base de árvores no peridomicílio e nas matas da Comunidade São João, área periurbana de Manaus, Amazonas. Foram capturados 4.104 espécimes, pertencentes a quatro subtribos, 13 gêneros e 49 espécies da subfamília Phlebotominae. Predominou a subtribo Psychodopygina com 3.403 (83% espécimes, destacando-se Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia anduzei, Trichophoromyia eurypyga, Bichromomyia olmeca nociva e Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. O registro de Nyssomyia umbratilis e Nyssomyia anduzei, incriminadas como vetoras de Leishmania (Viannia guyanensis, e de Bichromomyia flaviscutellata e Bichromomyia olmeca nociva, de Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis, indicam risco de infecção para os moradores da área. A grande maioria (98,5% dos flebotomíneos foi capturada na área de mata. Nyssomyia anduzei e Bichromomyia olmeca nociva foram coletadas no peridomicílio. A riqueza de espécies vetoras de Leishmania nessa área revela a necessidade de uma vigilância entomológica constante.From August 2001 to July 2002, sand flies were collected from the bases of trees and, using CDC and Disney traps, from areas surrounding homes and forested areas in the São João community, on the urban periphery of Manaus, State of Amazonas. 4,104 specimens belonging to four subtribes, 13 genera and 49 species of the Phlebotominae subfamily were collected. The subtribe Psychodopygina predominated, with 3,403 (83% specimens, especially of Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia anduzei, Trichophoromyia eurypyga, Bichromomyia olmeca nociva and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. The occurrences of Nyssomyia umbratilis and Nyssomyia anduzei, which have been incriminated as vectors for Leishmania (Viannia guyanensis, and of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and Bichromomyia olmeca nociva, for Leishmania (Leishmania amazonensis, indicate that there is a risk of infection

A survey of necrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Oestroidea in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region (Brazilian Amazon

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Eduardo Amat

2016-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The fauna of blowflies (Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae in three localities of primary Amazon forest coverage in the Amazonas-Negro interfluvial region was assessed. A total of 5066 blowflies were collected, with Chloroprocta idiodea being the most abundant species (66.3%. A difference in species richness between the localities ZF2 and Novo Airão was observed. Comparison among sampled sites revealed no considerable variation in fauna composition, except for the species Eumesembrinella benoisti (Séguy 1925 and Hemilucilia sp., whose occurrence was observed only in a single locality. Apparently, Amazon rivers are not efficient geographical barriers to influence the current composition of necrophagous blowfly assemblages. Also, most of the blowfly species did not show a noticeable specificity for any specific forest among the interfluvial areas of the ombrophilous forest. Finally, an updated checklist of necrophagous blowfly species of the Amazonas state in Brazil is presented.

Snakebites as a largely neglected problem in the Brazilian Amazon: highlights of the epidemiological trends in the State of Amazonas

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Esaú Samuel Feitosa

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Envenoming snakebites are thought to be a particularly important threat to public health worldwide, especially in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. The true magnitude of the public health threat posed by snakebites is unknown, making it difficult for public health officials to optimize prevention and treatment. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to gather data on snakebite epidemiology in the Amazon region and describe a case series of snakebites from epidemiological surveillance in the State of Amazonas (1974-2012. Only 11 articles regarding snakebites were found. In the State of Amazonas, information regarding incidents involving snakes is scarce. Historical trends show an increasing number of cases after the second half of the 1980s. Snakebites predominated among adults (20-39 years old; 38%, in the male gender (78.9% and in those living in rural areas (85.6%. The predominant snake envenomation type was bothropic. The incidence reported by the epidemiological surveillance in the State of Amazonas, reaching up to 200 cases/100,000 inhabitants in some areas, is among the highest annual snakebite incidence rates of any region in the world. The majority of the cases were reported in the rainy season with a case-fatality rate of 0.6%. Snakebite envenomation is a great disease burden in the State of Amazonas, representing a challenge for future investigations, including approaches to estimating incidence under-notification and case-fatality rates as well as the factors related to severity and disabilities.

Dosimetry of radon, thorium and their progenies in the environment of a chemistry lab and crude in Zulia State, Venezuela; Dosimetria de radon, toron y sus progenies en el entorno de un laboratorio de quimica y crudo en el Estado Zulia, Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pineda, L.; Viloria, T., E-mail: lendavaI22@hotmail.com, E-mail: lpineda@fing.luz.edu.ve, E-mail: tviloria63@yahoo.es [Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of). Departamento de Fisica; Palacios, D.; Sajo-Bohus, L., E-mail: sajobohus@gmail.com, E-mail: sanjuro.perdomo@gmail.com [Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of). Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear

2013-07-01

The main objective of this study was to estimate the dose rate of inhalation and the annual contribution of effective dose in the mixed field of radon and thoron in the environment of laboratory chemicals and oil from Zulia State, Venezuela, due to manipulation and storage of oil samples and water production.

INFORME DE COYUNTURA EXPORTACIONES DE COLOMBIA A VENEZUELA

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Giovanni E. Reyes

2012-07-01

Full Text Available La finalidad fundamental de este informe es presentar la situación de exportaciones que originadas en Colombia han tenido como destino Venezuela. Este intercambio comercial es muy importante en términos de la región latinoamericana. En particular, durante los años de mayor intercambio entre los dos países, lo que ha ocurrido en especial en la primera década del Siglo XXI, este comercio llegó a representar casi un 80 por ciento del total de intercambio de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN –Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela.

Events affecting gold exploration in Venezuela since 1999

Science.gov (United States)

Wilburn, David R.

2014-01-01

The structure of the gold mining industry in Venezuela has changed significantly since 1999 as a result of Government policy changes and industry response to these changes. This report documents the policy decisions that have affected the mining industry, discusses the response of the industry on a site by site basis, and suggests possible effects of these changes on the global economy. For the short term, at least, it appears that these changes have made Venezuela a more difficult place to invest for U.S. and Canadian companies, while investment by Chinese entities has been encouraged.

Progression of the load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases in the State of Amazonas

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Marilaine Martins

2015-06-01

Full Text Available In the State of Amazonas, Brazil, urban expansion together with precarious basic sanitation conditions and human settlement on river banks has contributed to the persistence of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases. Time series of the recorded cases of cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and leptospirosis are described, using data from different levels of the surveillance systems. The sources for intestinal parasitosis prevalence data (non-compulsory reporting in Brazil were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE, Literatura Latino-Americana (LILACS and the annals of major scientific meetings. Relevant papers and abstracts in all languages were accessed by two independent reviewers. The references cited by each relevant paper were scrutinized to locate additional papers. Despite its initial dissemination across the entire State of Amazonas, cholera was controlled in 1998. The magnitude of typhoid fever has decreased; however, a pattern characterized by eventual outbreaks still remains. Leptospirosis is an increasing cause of concern in association with the annual floods. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is high regardless of the municipality and the characteristics of areas and populations. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased over the past decade. A comparison of older and recent surveys shows that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases has remained constant. The load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases ranks high among the health problems present in the State of Amazonas. Interventions aiming at basic sanitation and vaccination for hepatitis A were formulated and implemented, but assessment of their effectiveness in the targeted populations is still needed.

Progression of the load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases in the State of Amazonas.

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, Marilaine; Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Moura, Marco Antonio Saboia; Santos, Eyde Cristianne Saraiva; Saraceni, Valéria; Saraiva, Maria Graças Gomes

2015-01-01

In the State of Amazonas, Brazil, urban expansion together with precarious basic sanitation conditions and human settlement on river banks has contributed to the persistence of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases. Time series of the recorded cases of cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and leptospirosis are described, using data from different levels of the surveillance systems. The sources for intestinal parasitosis prevalence data (non-compulsory reporting in Brazil) were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana (LILACS) and the annals of major scientific meetings. Relevant papers and abstracts in all languages were accessed by two independent reviewers. The references cited by each relevant paper were scrutinized to locate additional papers. Despite its initial dissemination across the entire State of Amazonas, cholera was controlled in 1998. The magnitude of typhoid fever has decreased; however, a pattern characterized by eventual outbreaks still remains. Leptospirosis is an increasing cause of concern in association with the annual floods. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is high regardless of the municipality and the characteristics of areas and populations. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased over the past decade. A comparison of older and recent surveys shows that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases has remained constant. The load of waterborne and intestinal parasitic diseases ranks high among the health problems present in the State of Amazonas. Interventions aiming at basic sanitation and vaccination for hepatitis A were formulated and implemented, but assessment of their effectiveness in the targeted populations is still needed.

Cloacolith in a blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva).

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Beaufrère, Hugues; Nevarez, Javier; Tully, Thomas N

2010-06-01

A 4-year-old blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was admitted for vocalization secondary to constipation. Saline infusion cloacoscopy revealed the presence of a 2-cm-diameter cloacolith within the coprodeum that was obstructing the rectal opening. The cloacolith was fragmented with a pair of biopsy forceps and the pieces removed. The cloacolith was subsequently analyzed and was composed of 100% uric acid salts. The bird improved completely and was able to defecate normally after the procedure. Cloacoliths are relative uncommon cloacal conditions, and this case documents cloacoscopic findings, rectal obstruction, and confirmation of its uric acid composition by urolith analysis.

Cen?rio das Pol?ticas P?blicas de fixa??o e provimento de profissionais de sa?de no Amazonas, 1970 - 1990

OpenAIRE

Barbosa, Erica Lima

2016-01-01

A presente Disserta??o ? resultado da pesquisa de cunho hist?rico, que teve como objetivo analisar o cen?rio das pol?ticas p?blicas de fixa??o e provimento de profissionais de Sa?de no Amazonas no per?odo de 1970 a 1990. A problematiza??o est? desmembrada nas seguintes quest?es: Quais as estrat?gias de fixa??o e provimentos de profissionais de sa?de foram desenvolvidas no Amazonas no per?odo entre 1970 a 1990? Como as pol?ticas de desenvolvimento de recursos humanos foram articuladas com as p...

Characterization and genesis of waterfalls of the Presidente Figueiredo region, Northeast State of Amazonas, Brazil

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AFONSO C. R. NOGUEIRA

2001-06-01

Full Text Available The waterfalls of the Presidente Figueiredo municipality represent a fascinating natural scenery of northeast state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. The falls, generally less than 10m high, are developed on siliciclastic rocks of the Nhamundá (Lower Silurian, and Manacapuru (Upper Silurian - Lower Devonian formations. Morphological and structural analyses of these features indicate that most of them originated through Quaternary neotectonics and are installed in NE-trending normal fault escarpments. Waterfalls also developed within pseudokarstic features, but are less frequent. The origin of the Presidente Figueiredo waterfalls probably goes back to the Neogene, when the region was submitted to laterization processes associated with a humid climate and a dense rainforest. These conditions favored the development of caves in quartzarenites of the Nhamundá Formation. During the Quaternary, the region was subjected to NE-trending normal faulting which displaced laterite layers, rivers and streams giving rise to waterfalls. These climatic and tectonic phenomena promoted intense relief dissection, as indicated by fault escarpment retreat and cave dismantlement, responsible for the present-day morphologic configuration.As cachoeiras da região de Presidente Figueiredo constituem um dos mais fascinantes cenários naturais do nordeste do Estado do Amazonas, norte do Brasil. As quedas, geralmente com menos de 10m de altura, são desenvolvidas em rochas siliciclásticas das formações Nhamundá (Siluriano inferior e Manacapuru (Siluriano superior-Devoniano inferior. Os estudos morfológico e estrutural dessas feições indicam que a maioria dessas quedas de água originaram-se por neotectônica quaternária e encontram-se instaladas em escarpas de falhas normais NE-SW. Ocorrem, ainda, com menor freqüência, cachoeiras evoluídas a partir de feições pseudocársticas. A origem das cachoeiras de Presidente Figueiredo provavelmente remonta ao Ne

Enfermedad de chagas en la Región Nororiental del Perú. I. Triatominos (Hemiptera, Reduviidae presentes en Cajamarca y Amazonas

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Abraham G Cáceres

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Conocer la diversidad de triatominos presentes en las provincias de San Ignacio y Jaén (Cajamarca y en Bagua, Condorcanqui y Utcubamba (Amazonas. Materiales y métodos: los triatominos fueron capturados de mayo 1995 a diciembre 2000 en el intra y peridomicilios de las viviendas de las provincias de San Ignacio (5 distritos y Jaén (10 distritos del departamento de Cajamarca, y en 5 distritos de Bagua, un distrito de Condorcanqui y en seis de Utcubamba (Amazonas. El muestreo fue de 08:00 a 19:00 horas con alambre de 30 cm de largo, pinzas largas y linterna de mano. Resultados: se capturaron 5567 triatominos pertenecientes a cinco especies. Panstrongylus herreri fue la especie más predominante (94%. 90% del total de triatominos fueron capturados en ambientes intradomiciliarios. Se reporta Rhodnius robustus por primera vez para Amazonas. Ejemplares de R. ecuadoriensis y R. robustus, fueron colectados en intradomicilios en porcentajes mínimos en Sallique, provincia de Jaén (Cajamarca y Nieva, provincia de Condorcanqui (Amazonas. Panstrongylus geniculatus fue colectado en intradomicilios. Se reporta en ciertas localidades de La Coipa, Huarango y Namballe (San Ignacio; así como en Bellavista y Santa Rosa (Jaén y en Aramango, Copallín e Imaza (Bagua; además, en Jamalca, Cajaruro y Bagua Grande (Utcubamba. Panstrongylus chinai, especie silvestre con tendencia a domesticarse, se encontró en Santa Rosa, Bellavista, Chontalí y San José del Alto (Jaén y en Namballe, San Ignacio, La Coipa y Chirinos (San Ignacio. También se encontró en Cajaruro y Bagua Grande (Utcubamba. 90% de P. herreri fueron colectados en el interior de las viviendas. Para Cajamarca se ha colectado en Pomahuaca, Pucará, San José del Alto, Pirias, Bellavista, Santa Rosa, La Coipa y Huarango; mientras que para Amazonas en Aramango, Parco, Bagua Grande, Cajaruro y El Milagro.

Preferencia de vacunos por el follaje de doce especies con potencial para sistemas agrosilvopastoriles en el Estado Trujillo, Venezuela Preference of cattle for the foliage of twelve species with potential for agrosilvopastoral systems in the Trujillo State, Venezuela

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D.E García

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de conocer la preferencia de bovinos jóvenes por doce especies forrajeras en el Estado Trujillo, Venezuela (Chlorophora tinctoria, Morus alba, Pithecellobium pedicellare, Gliricidia sepium, Guazuma ulmifolia, Cordia alba, Trichantera gigantea, Tithonia diversifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica y Samanea saman se efectuó una prueba de cafetería a través de mediciones del consumo de follaje, mediante un diseño cuadrado latino con período de evaluación de 12 días. A los forrajes se les determinó la composición fitoquímica (PB, EB, FDN, fenoles, taninos condensados, taninos que precipitan proteínas y esteroles totales y la degradabilidad ruminal in situ (DMS y DMO. Las especies más preferidas fueron: P. pedicellare (327,98 g MS, L. leucocephala (325,63 g MS, M. alba (293,37 g MS, G. ulmifolia (292,48 g MS, C. tinctoria (277,18 g MS y C. alba (274,49 g MS. Los follajes de G. sepium (108,05 g MS, T. diversifolia (106,09 g MS, M. oleifera (76,28 g MS, A. indica (76,19 g MS y S. saman (58,72 g MS fueron medianamente consumidos. Sin embargo, la biomasa de T. gigantea (1,39 g MS fue prácticamente rechazada. Durante el período experimental se observaron diferentes tendencias en el consumo de cada espe­cie. No obstante, no se observó una relación significativa entre el consumo y la composición química, la concentración de metabolitos secundarios y la degradabilidad ruminal. Se concluye que es importante realizar ensayos de preferencia con animales para la selección de especies con potencial para sistemas silvopastoriles.With the objective of knowing the preference of young cattle for twelve forage species of the Trujillo State, Venezuela (Chlorophora tinctoria, Morus alba, Pithecellobium pedicellare, Gliricidia sepium, Guazuma ulmifolia, Cordia alba, Trichantera gigantea, Tithonia diversifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica and Samanea saman a cafeteria test

Innovación de la gestión pública en Venezuela

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Haydée Ochoa Henríquez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen Venezuela transita desde 1999 por un proceso propio de transformación impulsado por el Estado. La aprobación de políticas alternativas plasmadas en una nueva constitución, en las leyes aprobadas en el marco de ésta y en otros documentos, dan cuenta de una nueva orientación dirigida a romper con las tendencias neoliberales de los 90 del pasado siglo. Desafortunadamente, en cuanto a los procesos de gestión, es evidente la presencia de viejas prácticas que obstaculizan los avances, aunque se maneja la hipótesis de que en este contexto existen algunos procesos innovadores vinculados a las políticas alternativas. El propósito de este trabajo es explorar la presencia de estos procesos en la gestión pública venezolana, vinculados a la nueva política. La metodología consistió en el análisis de documentos oficiales y fuentes secundarias, así como entrevistas abiertas a actores que han estado cerca de algunos de los procesos innovadores. Los resultados dan cuenta de: 1 Procesos de desconcentración flexibles que acerca el Estado al ciudadano; 2 Comunicación argumentativa a los ciudadanos, sobre las nuevas políticas; 3 Un sistema de participación que potencia la incorporación de los ciudadanos en la defensa de los intereses colectivos; 4 Estrategias de articulación sectorial e institucional; 5 Procesos de incorporación del sector privado a las políticas de inclusión social; 6 Sistemas de compras y financiamiento como promotores de la economía social. Se concluye que en el marco de un aparato público que se niega al cambio se han introducido formalmente algunos procesos innovadores, cuya práctica aún está pendiente por comprender.AbstractSince 1999, Venezuela is going through a transformation process launched by the State. The approval ofalternative policies set forth in a new constitution, in laws under the constitution’s frame and in other documents,are proof for a new guideline headed towards the braking up of

The Guyana-Venezuela Border Dispute: An Analysis of the Reasons Behind Venezuela’s Continuing Demands for Abrogation of the 1899 Anglo-Venezuelan Arbitral Treaty

Science.gov (United States)

1992-01-01

Universidad de los Andes. 1989. "Beice Ingreso a la OEA." Prensa Libre (Ciudad Guatemala,I Guatemala). January 9. 1991: 4. "Felize in... de las "Nuevas Tribus". Pue rto Ayvamcho). Territorlo Federal de Amazonias , Venozuela: Edicion del Comite Regaional del PartidoICerunista, de ...Suministro de Crudo a Republica Dominicana." E1 Universal (Caracas, Venezuela). August 17, 1990: 12. "Venezuela Propone Defensa de la Amazonia ."

Fraccionamiento de mercurio en suelos de áreas contaminadas de el callao, estado bolívar-venezuela

OpenAIRE

Carrasquero-Durán, Armando; Adams, Melitón

2003-01-01

En la ciudad de El Callao, estado Bolívar, existen diversos centros de procesamiento de mineral aurífero, en los cuales el mercurio (Hg) es ampliamente utilizado para recuperar el oro (Au) por medio de la formación de una amalgama. A pesar de que los residuos enriquecidos con Hg son arrojados a los suelos, se conoce poco sobre las formas químicas mercuriales que se producen. Dos procedimientos de extracción secuencial fueron aplicados a fin de realizar el fraccionamiento químico del Hg y obte...

Diversity of avian haemosporidians in arid zones of northern Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Belo, Nayara O; Rodríguez-Ferraro, Adriana; Braga, Erika M; Ricklefs, Robert E

2012-07-01

Arid zones of northern Venezuela are represented by isolated areas, important from an ornithological and ecological perspective due to the occurrence of restricted-range species of birds. We analysed the prevalence and molecular diversity of haemosporidian parasites of wild birds in this region by screening 527 individuals (11 families and 20 species) for parasite mitochondrial DNA. The overall prevalence of parasites was 41%, representing 17 mitochondrial lineages: 7 of Plasmodium and 10 of Haemoproteus. Two parasite lineages occurred in both the eastern and western regions infecting a single host species, Mimus gilvus. These lineages are also present throughout northern and central Venezuela in a variety of arid and mesic habitats. Some lineages found in this study in northern Venezuela have also been observed in different localities in the Americas, including the West Indies. In spite of the widespread distributions of some of the parasite lineages found in northern Venezuela, several, including some that are relatively common (e.g. Ven05 and Ven06), have not been reported from elsewhere. Additional studies are needed to characterize the host and geographical distribution of avian malaria parasite lineages, which will provide a better understanding of the influence of landscape, vector abundance and diversity, and host identity on haemosporidian parasite diversity and prevalence.

Health regionalization in Amazonas: progress and challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

Garnelo, Luiza; Sousa, Amandia Braga Lima; Silva, Clayton de Oliveira da

2017-04-01

This paper analyses the health services regionalization process in the State of Amazonas through a case study covering the health sub-region Manaus Surroundings. This is a qualitative, descriptive and analytical research, which data were collected using interviews, documents and Internet reviews, oriented by the guiding concept of health regionalization. Study findings revealed a social setting dominated by asymmetry, verticality, competitiveness and fragile multilateral relations among municipalities, associated to a bureaucratic profile of local institutions operating in the region under study. The political agents have limited acknowledgement of the sociopolitical and institutional conditions in which they operate. They usually impute healthcare networks' management and operational issues to the natural and geographical characteristics of the Amazon region, but their financing, governance and technical capacity are insufficient to overcome them.

REDES URBANAS, ABASTECIMENTO E O CAFÉ DA MANHÃ DE IDOSAS NA CIDADE DE TEFÉ, AMAZONAS: ELEMENTOS PARA A ANÁLISE DA GEOGRAFIA DA ALIMENTAÇÃO NO BRASIL

OpenAIRE

Costa, Ellen Anjos Camilo da; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Schor, Tatiana; Doutora em Ciência Ambiental e Pós-doutorado em Geografia Economica na CUNY/NY.

2013-01-01

A Amazônia, e o Amazonas em especial, pode ser considerado uma das últimas fronteiras do processo de transição dos hábitos alimentares. A substituição da dieta tradicional por uma “dieta do supermercado” é marcante em todas as regiões do Amazonas. Com o objetivo de analisar a relação entre transição dos hábitos alimentares, saúde, envelhecimento e rede urbana na Amazônia este artigo delimita um estudo de caso na cidade de Tefé, no Amazonas. Tefé, caracterizada como cidade polo para o IBGE e c...

Using the Five Themes of Geography To Teach about Venezuela and Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Sunal, Cynthia Szymanski; Christensen, Lois

Activities that employ the five themes of geography--location, place, relationships within places, movement, and regions--to teach about Venezuela and Mexico are described in this document. Each theme has objectives, a list of materials, and three types of activities--exploration, invention, and expansion. Background information on Venezuela and…

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in a Yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix).

Science.gov (United States)

Tennakoon, Anusha Hemamali; Izawa, Takeshi; Fujita, Daisuke; Denda, Yuki; Seto, Eiko; Sasai, Hiroshi; Kuwamura, Mitsuru; Yamate, Jyoji

2013-11-01

A 9-year-old male Yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) with a history of anorexia and vomiting died of a liver tumor. The tumor consisted of neoplastic cells with hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiations and their intermingled areas. Neoplastic hepatocytes showed islands or trabecular growth with vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm. Cells showing biliary differentiation formed ducts or tubules lined by cytokeratin AE1/AE3-positive epithelia, accompanied by desmoplasia consisting of myofibroblasts reacting to α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. The tumor was diagnosed as a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, which is very rare in the avian.

Lectura, biblioteca e inclusión social: Importancia de la promoción de la lectura en comunidades ribereñas en Amazonas, Brasil = Reading, library and social inclusion: The importance of promoting reading in riverside communities in Amazonas, Brazil

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Thiago Giordano de Souza Siqueira

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La lectura es un factor clave para la vida en sociedad; sin embargo, hay personas que no se han apropiado de este práctica. Este tema ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones e instancias académicas y científicas, siempre con el objetivo de lograr que la lectura sea accesible a todos. Brasil es conocido por su enorme extensión, pero carece de eficiencia en la ejecución de dichos proyectos. El Estado de Amazonas ocupa la superficie terrestre más grande del país; además, el transporte fluvial por los ríos es la única forma de acceso a las comunidades. El artículo describe un conjunto de actividades con el fin de acercar la lectura a las comunidades ribereñas, en un intento de democratizar el acceso a los libros y la lectura en ausencia de las bibliotecas públicas contribuyendo, de este modo, al proceso de inclusión informacional en la sociedad actual de la información y del conocimiento, donde la cuestión de la lectura es un desafío y, aunque sea una condición esencial, todavía existen analfabetos que necesitan ser incluidos con el fin de garantizar su participación como ciudadanos = Reading is a key factor for life in society, yet there are people who have not appropriated this habit. This theme has been the focus of various research and academic and scientific events, always with the intention of making it accessible to all. Brazil is known for its huge extension, but suffers from inefficiency in the implementation of this type of projects. The State of Amazonas occupies the largest land area of the country; in addition, the river transport is the only way to access to many communities. The article describes developed activities with the intention of bringing the reading to the riverside communities in an attempt to democratize access to books and reading in the absence of public libraries, contributing to the process of informational inclusion in the current society of information and knowledge where the issue of reading is

Venezuela ups the ante

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collitt, Raymond.

1997-01-01

Strong performances by small and medium sized oil companies in Venezuela have contributed to the success of its oil industry. This paper considers the historical progress of the industry since its nationalisation twenty-one years ago, charting its attractiveness to investors and plans for expansion. Its very success has brought the Venezuelan oil industry into conflict with OPEC's quota system, which it argues, needs to be charged. (UK)

Violence in Venezuela: oil rent and political crisis

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Roberto Briceño-León

2006-06-01

Full Text Available This article analyzes the changes in violence in Venezuela during the last forty years. It links the ups and downs of the oil revenues and the political crisis of the country to the changes in the homicide rates, which increased from 7 per 100 thousand inhabitants in 1970 to 12 in 1990, 19 in 1998 and 50 in 2003. The article characterizes Venezuela as a rentist society and shows its trajectory from rural violence to the beginning of urban violence, the guerilla movements of the 60s, the delinquent violence related to the abundance of oil revenues and the violence during the popular revolt and the sackings of 1989 in Caracas. After this, we analyze the coups d'état of 1992 and the influence the political violence exerted upon criminal violence. We describe the political and party changes in the country, their influence upon the stabilization of homicide rates since the mid-90s and their remarkable increase during the H. Chávez government. The article finishes with an analysis of the current situation, the official prohibition to publish statistics on homicides and with some thoughts about the perspective of greater violence in Venezuela.

World status: Petroleos de Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

A brief review is given of the petroleum industry in Venezuela. The industry was nationalized in 1975 and by 1990 was the world's fifth largest oil company. They have ambitious plans to expand production capacity and are looking to the major oil companies to assist. The prospects for sales of Orimulsion are also discussed. (UK)

English Teaching Profile (Provisional): Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

British Council, London (England). English Language and Literature Div.

This profile of the English language teaching situation in Venezuela discusses the status of English in society and in the educational system. It also gives an account of Venezuelan political, economic, and social life. A description is given of the education system and reforms that have been proposed for nursery school through higher education.…

Quality of democracy in Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel H. LEVINE

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Discussions of democracy in contemporary Venezuela lack a settled definition of the subject, how to study it, or indeed of what counts as «democracy» in the first place. The regime has been described as everything from participatory democracy, hybrid, mixed, and personalist to populist, illiberal, or no longer democratic but rather competitive authoritarian. The goal of this article is to measure the quality of democracy in Venezuela, within the terms of a procedural concept of democracy as detailed in our earlier work. Empirical measurement of the quality of democracy on five dimensions (electoral choice, participation, responsiveness, accountability, sovereignty reveals a low level overall and deep institutional weakness under a personalist leadership, with little change from 2005 to 2010. Future scenarios, after the 2012 presidential election result, include reinforcement of authoritarian trends, open militarization, liberalization and institutional strengthening, or long term volatility and polarized conflict. All scenarios are contingent on the health of President Chávez, who is a central unifying factor for his movement and regime

The major floods in the Amazonas river and tributaries (Western Amazon Basin) during the 1970-2012 period : a focus on the 2012 flood

OpenAIRE

Espinoza, J. C.; Ronchail, J.; Frappart, F.; Lavado, W.; Santini, William; Guyot, Jean-Loup

2013-01-01

In this work, the authors analyze the origin of the extreme floods in the Peruvian Amazonas River during the 1970-2012 period, focusing on the recent April 2012 flooding (55 400 m(3) s(-1)). Several hydrological variables, such as rainfall, terrestrial water storage, and discharge, point out that the unprecedented 2012 flood is mainly related to an early and abundant wet season over the north of the basin. Thus, the peak of the Maranon River, the northern contributor of the Amazonas, occurred...

Estudos florísticos no município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brasil - II: famílias Myristicaceae, Siparunaceae e Monimiaceae Floristic studies in township of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil - II: families Myristicaceae, Siparunaceae and Monimiaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Augusto Coelho da Silva

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O Município de Presidente Figueiredo, do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, foi visitado durante três anos consecutivos (1996 a 1999, com o objetivo de obter-se amostras botânicas da área para estudos do Subprojeto "Elaboração de Revisões e Monografias Taxonômicas", com a finalidade de elaborar-se a Flórula para o Município. As coleções feitas nesse período encontram-se depositadas no acervo do Herbário do INPA e as informações gerais sobre os taxa aqui estudados foram complementadas com as obtidas das coleções feitas anteriormente por outros pesquisadores. Para a família Myristicaceae Br. R. foram identificadas 23 espécies e duas variedades, distribuídas em quatro gêneros. Destes, Iryanthera Warb. e Virola Aubl. destacaram-se pela diversidade em espécies, sendo Iryanthera ulei Warb. e Virola calophylla (Spruce Warb. var. calophylla as espécies mais coletadas. A família Monimiaceae Juss. está representada apenas pelo gênero Mollinedia Ruiz & Pavón, pela espécie M. ovata Ruiz & Pavón; já a família Siparunaceae (A. DC. Schodde encontra-se representada pelo gênero Siparuna Aubl. com oito espécies, sendo S. cristata (Poepp. & Endl. A. DC. a espécie mais coletada.The Township of Presidente Figueiredo, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, was visited for three consecutive years, from 1996 to 1999, with the aim of acquiring botanical samples from the area, in order to carry out studies on the "Taxonomic Monographies and Revisions Preparation" Subproject for the purpose of preparing a survey of the flora. Collections pertaining to the present work are deposited at INPA's herbarium and, general information on the taxa studied here were complemented with those obtained from earlier collections conducted by other researchers. Twenty three (23 species and two varieties, distributed in four genera were identified for family Myristicaceae Br. R. Of these Iryanthera Warb. and Virola Aubl. stood out on account of their species diversity

As Organizações da Sociedade Civil no enfrentamento à AIDS no Amazonas, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michele Rocha Kadri

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou analisar a percepção que as Organizações da Sociedade Civil fazem de sua contribuição na história do enfrentamento à AIDS, no Amazonas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com uso de fontes documentais e orais. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2013. Utilizou-se técnica de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com as lideranças de oito organizações que trabalham/trabalharam com grupos mais vulneráveis. A partir da análise do discurso, concluiu-se que com a descentralização de recursos do Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais para as Coordenações locais, as Organizações reconhecem dois momentos distintos: um primeiro momento de fortalecimento organizacional, engajamento coletivo e participação política ativa; e um momento atual de distanciamento entre as Organizações e desarticulação política e, consequentemente, enfraquecimento do movimento social na luta contra AIDS no Amazonas.

Geomorfología y sedimentología de los ambientes depositacionales recientes del complejo estuarino de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, Estado Falcón, Venezuela

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Scarlet Cartaya

2012-02-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la caracterización geomorfológica y sedimentológica del complejo estuarino de la desembocadura de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, localizada en la costa nororiental del Estado Falcón (Venezuela. La investigación se desarrolló en tres fases. En la fase de campo se recolectaron muestras de sedimentos y se realizaron mediciones morfométricas de los ambientes depositacionales. En la fase de laboratorio se ejecutaron análisis sedimentológicos de textura, carbonatos, materia orgánica, minerales pesados y mineralogía por difracción de rayos X. La fase de gabinete se basó en la interpretación y análisis espacial de los ambientes depositacionales con apoyo en fotografías aéreas y mapas topográficos a escala 1:25 000; en la confección de los mapas y perfiles del área, y en la elaboración del modelo sedimentológico. La desembocadura de los ríos Hueque y Curarí se encuentra en un borde costero de clima semi-árido, con una cuenca de baja densidad de drenaje y dinámica litoral de rango micromareal, marea mixta, con oleaje de alta energía y corriente litoral favorable. Se identificaron dos grandes conjuntos sedimentológicos: Complejo Cordón Litoral (infraplaya, mesoplaya, supraplaya, dunas playeras, contrabarrera y barra, de litofacies arenosas y el Complejo Pantanoso (cauces de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, canal de marea y caño de marea, de litofacies arcillo-limosa. Los canales fluviales se comportan como estuarios hipersalinos.

The Paleozoic ichthyofauna of the Amazonas and Parnaíba basins, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Figueroa, Rodrigo Tinoco; Machado, Deusana Maria da Costa

2018-03-01

The Brazilian Paleozoic ichthyofauna from the Parnaíba and Amazonas basins regard a sparsely known diversity, including chondrichthyans and acanthodians, besides some osteichthyan remains. This work proposes a revision of the fossil material from these two sedimentary basins and synthesizes the morphological aspect of such material trying to understand the influences of those fossils to the paleontology of the region, comparing the Brazilian fossils with other gondwanan faunas. The Brazilian Paleozoic fish fauna shows great resemblance to those of Bolivia, especially during the Devonian. Many of the Acanthodian spines from the Manacapuru Formation (Amazonas Basin), and the Pimenteira Formation (Parnaíba Basin), are comparable to the taxa found in Bolivia. The lack of more Placoderm remains in the Brazilian outcrops is similar to the low diversity of this group in Bolivia, when compared to other South American and Euramerican localities. The most diverse Brazilian ichthyofauna is encountered in the Permian Pedra de Fogo Formation where numerous chondrichthyans and 'paleopterygians' remains are found, together with dipnoans and actinistians. Despite the apparent lack of more representative Paleozoic ichthyofaunas in Brazil, the available material that ranges from Lower Devonian to early Permian from Brazil bears important taxa that could address valuable taxonomic and biogeographic informations.

Health Physics Education in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Solanas, J.

1979-01-01

Training courses on health physics have been organized regularly in Venezuela since 1962. The basic course consists of 20 hours for theoretical tuition and 10 hours for laboratory practice. Post-graduate courses have been organized by the Central University since 1965. Radiological technicians receive their training through the courses organized by the Ministry of Health. (author)

Assessing Whether Oil Dependency in Venezuela Contributes to National Instability

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Adam Kott

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The focus of this article is on what role, if any, oil has on Venezuela's instability. When trying to explain why a resource-rich country experiences slow or negative growth, experts often point to the resource curse. The following pages explore the traditional theory behind the resource curse as well as alternative perspectives to this theory such as ownership structure and the correlation between oil prices and democracy. This article also explores the various forms of instability within Venezuela and their causes. Finally, the article looks at President Hugo Chavez's political and economic policies as well as the stagnation of the state oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA. This article dispels the myth that the resource curse is the source of destabilization in many resource dependent countries. Rather than a cause of instability, this phenomenon is a symptom of a much larger problem that is largely structural.

Sistema de costos basado en actividades en hoteles cuatro estrellas del estado Mérida, Venezuela

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Marysela Coromoto Morillo Moreno

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Las empresas actualmente demandan sistemas de costos que reporten un mayor detalle en la información generada, con el propósito de orientar la aplicación de estrategias que conduzcan a captar y apropiarse de mayores espacios de mercado, sobre todo cuando la competitividad es elevada; por ello, se formuló un sistema de costos basado en actividades, conocido por sus siglas en inglés como abc (Activity-Based Costing, aplicado a los hoteles de turismo de cuatro estrellas de Mérida, en Venezuela, para el control y reducción de costos en los servicios prestados. A partir de una investigación de carácter exploratorio, con un diseño de campo y con apoyo documental, se halló que el sector hotelero encuentra en el abc una oportunidad para afinar controles sobre los altos y variados costos en los que incurre a partir del conocimiento profundo de actividades consumidas, con sus medidas y frecuencia. De esta manera, se obtiene el costo real de los distintos servicios al vincularlos con las actividades desarrolladas para su obtención; finalmente, se sugiere un conjunto de variables que pudieran fungir como generadoras de valor e indicadoras de eficiencia. Se concluye que el abc representa una herramienta de gestión que orienta las decisiones estratégicas y el control de los costos con la consecuente reducción de los mismos para la maximización de beneficios.

Desarrollo sustentable y sostenible a partir del proceso de descentralización en Venezuela: El caso de la Gobernación del Estado Carabobo

OpenAIRE

Jennifer Fuenmayor; Johnny Paz

2006-01-01

Al iniciarse el proceso de descentralización político-territorial a finales de los ochenta, las gobernaciones de Venezuela deben redefinir sus directrices debido al traspaso de funciones y competencias que les son otorgadas desde el gobierno central, e insertarse en una dinámica orientada hacia una economía de mercado impulsada por la globalización, y enmarcada en el discurso del desarrollo sustentable. El propósito de este artículo es explorar las acciones desplegadas por la Gobe...

Prevalencia de infeccion humana por Trypanosoma cruzi en bancos de sangre en Venezuela Prevalence of human infections by Trypanosoma cruzi in Venezuelan blood banks

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Alberto Aché

1993-10-01

Full Text Available Las primeras investigaciones realizadas a nivel de bancos de sangre, durante la década 50, indican que la seroprevalencia por infecciones a T. cruzi entre hemodadores fue de 12%. Un estudio posterior, entre 1963-64, efectuado en varios bancos de sangre, así como otros centros, registró una seroprevalencia global de 6.0% (1.1-10.1%. La donación de sangre en Venezuela es gratuita. El control de los bancos de sangre recae en el Departamento de Transfusiones y Bancos de Sangre del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social. A partir de 1988, se emplea uniformemente la técnica de ELISA para el diagnóstico de infecciones a T. cruzi en los Bancos de Sangre. La seropositividad promedio interanual, entre 1984-1992, fue de 1.20% (1.09-1.94%. Existen variaciones geográficas entre las localidades de varias entidades federales. Los estados con mayor prevalencia se ubican en las regiones del occidente y centro del país, a saber: Portuguesa, Barinas, Lara, Trujillo, Cojedes y Carabobo. Por las dificultades en obtener tasas de incidencia para el Mal de Chagas, resulta adecuado emplear tasas de prevalencia para uso en salud pública, en función de su mayor estabilidad; y en el caso de Venezuela, dada la severidad menor y una sobrevivencia mayor por esta patologia hoy día. La especificidad, como parámetro de las pruebas serológicas, debería considerarse en función de la baja seroprevalencia detectada a nivel nacional. Convendría emplear varias pruebas diagnósticas en paralelo para buscar un equilibrio entre sensibilidad y especificidad.Primary investigations carried out in blood banks in Venezuela during the 1950s, indicated that overall seroprevalence for Trypanosoma cruzi infection was 12% amongst blood donors. In Venezuela, blood donation is free. All public and private blood banks are controlled by the Ministry of Health. As from 1988 the ELISA technique was uniformly used in blood banks for the detection of T. cruzi infections. Annual median

Plantas medicinales silvestres y/o naturalizadas en la península de Araya, estado Sucre, Venezuela | wild and/or naturalized medicinal plants in the Araya peninsula of Sucre state, Venezuela

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Jesús Bello Pulido

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Currently, the accelerated processes of transculturation and the eminent deterioration of ecosystems are jeopardizing the biodiversity that has contributed to the welfare of the inhabitants of the planet, whether by providing food, medicine or craft. For this reason, the present study attempts to expand the ethnobotanical knowledge within 21 coastal communities of the Araya peninsula in Sucre state, Venezuela. To gather this information, non-structured interviews were conducted on older adults and key-informants who maintain an ongoing relationship with the plants of their local environment. These interviews were held during field trips made between 2010 and 2016. A total of 24 families, 47 genera and 52 species (50 dicots and 2 monocots of plants with some degree of utility were identified. Among them, 46 species are wild and 6 were introduced and now naturalized. A total of 26 new products of the medicinal flora from the peninsula is reported.

Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sullivan, Mark P; Olhero, Nelson

2008-01-01

Under the populist rule of President Hugo Ch vez, first elected in 1998 and most recently reelected to a six-year term in December 2006, Venezuela has undergone enormous political changes, with a new...

Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sullivan, Mark P; Olhero, Nelson

2007-01-01

Under the populist rule of President Hugo Ch vez, first elected in 1998 and most recently reelected to a six-year term in December 2006, Venezuela has undergone enormous political changes, with a new...

Una mirada de género a los derechos humanos de las mujeres privadas de libertad en Venezuela

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Dhayana Carolina Fernández Matos

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo busca dar a conocer la situación de los derechos humanos de las mujeres privadas de libertad en Venezuela mediante un enfoque de género para explicar sus necesidades y experiencias de vida, que son invisibilizadas por el sistema carcelario que reproduce los roles de género, profundizando la discriminación y violación de derechos, generándose situaciones de exclusión que atentan contra la dignidad humana. Las mujeres que se encuentran privadas de libertad son titulares de derechos en las mismas condiciones en que están las personas que se encuentran en libertad, más allá de los derechos específicos que priva la sentencia condenatoria, siendo mayor la obligación del Estado de garantizar el disfrute de los mismos al tratarse de personas que se encuentran bajo su tutela jurídica.

Streptomyces venezuelae TX-TL - a next generation cell-free synthetic biology tool.

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Simon J; Lai, Hung-En; Needham, Hannah; Polizzi, Karen M; Freemont, Paul S

2017-04-01

Streptomyces venezuelae is a promising chassis in synthetic biology for fine chemical and secondary metabolite pathway engineering. The potential of S. venezuelae could be further realized by expanding its capability with the introduction of its own in vitro transcription-translation (TX-TL) system. TX-TL is a fast and expanding technology for bottom-up design of complex gene expression tools, biosensors and protein manufacturing. Herein, we introduce a S. venezuelae TX-TL platform by reporting a streamlined protocol for cell-extract preparation, demonstrating high-yield synthesis of a codon-optimized sfGFP reporter and the prototyping of a synthetic tetracycline-inducible promoter in S. venezuelae TX-TL based on the tetO-TetR repressor system. The aim of this system is to provide a host for the homologous production of exotic enzymes from Actinobacteria secondary metabolism in vitro. As an example, the authors demonstrate the soluble synthesis of a selection of enzymes (12-70 kDa) from the Streptomyces rimosus oxytetracycline pathway. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology Journal published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The costs of REDD: lessons from Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viana, Virgilio M.; Ribenboim, Gabriel [Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (Brazil); Mea, Rosana Della [Rainforest Concern (Brazil); Grieg-Gran, Maryanne

2009-11-15

Reducing tropical deforestation is a major climate and development issue: forest clearing is responsible for roughly a fifth of greenhouse gas emissions, and the forest-dependent poor number over a billion. In the runup to the Copenhagen climate summit, REDD – reducing emissions from deforestation and (forest) degradation by providing incentives to tropical forest countries – has been touted as one of the most cost-effective mitigation mechanisms on the table. But the benefits would be only temporary if forests saved today are cleared once incentives cease. Would the expense of maintaining such incentives over decades raise the price to uncompetitive levels? A forest reserve in Amazonas, Brazil, offers some of the first real-world data on the costs of REDD. Even with pessimistic assumptions about future pressures, the project's carbon cuts look highly affordable.

[Pilot study of echocardiographic studies using color- and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler methods in blue-crowned amazons (Amazona ventralis) and blue-fronted amazons (Amazona a. aestiva)].

Science.gov (United States)

Pees, M; Straub, J; Schumacher, J; Gompf, R; Krautwald-Junghanns, M E

2005-02-01

Colour-flow and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler echocardiography was performed on 6 healthy, adult Hispaniolan amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and 6 blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona a. aestiva) to establish normal reference values. Birds were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. An electrocardiogram was recorded continuously and birds were imaged with a micro-phased-array scanner with a frequency of 7.0 MHz. After assessment of cardiac function in 2-D-echocardiography, blood flow across the left and the right atrioventricular valve and across the aortic valve was determined using color-flow and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler echocardiography. Diastolic inflow (mean value +/- standard deviation) into the left ventricle was 0.17 +/- 0.02 m/s (Hispaniolan amazons) and 0.18 +/- 0.03 m/s (Blue fronted amazons). Diastolic inflow into the right ventricle was 0.22 +/- 0.05 m/s (Hispaniolan amazons) and 0.22 +/- 0.04 m/s (Blue fronted amazons). Velocity across the aortic valve was 0.84 +/- 0.07 m/s (Hispaniolan amazons) and 0.83 +/- 0.08 m/s (Blue fronted amazons). Systolic pulmonary flow could not be detected in any of the birds in this study. No significant differences were evident between the two species examined. Results of this study indicate that Doppler echocardiography is a promising technique to determine blood flow in the avian heart. Further studies in other avian species are needed to establish reference values for assessment of cardiac function in diseased birds.

Mercury and methylmercury concentration assessment in children's hair from Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil Avaliação da concentração de mercúrio e metilmercúrio em cabelo de crianças de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana A. Farias

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The present study evaluated Hg and MeHg content in hair samples of 201 children 2 to 7 years old, living in six neighborhoods of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. In general, the total Hg and MeHg median ranges in hair were similar (0.91 to 1.71 mg kg-1 except for the São Jose neighborhood, which was lower (0.16 mg kg-1. De spite the fact that the Manaus population consumes fish as part of the normal dietary intake, the Hg hair levels were below the level for an adult population not exposed to mercury (2.0 mg kg-1. These data were compared to demographic, socioeconomic information and eating habits of the families that took part in the study. The results were also compared to other published data from the Amazon region, other regions of Brazil and other countries. Future studies to set Hg and MeHg levels in hair of children in Brazil should take into account and assess the diversity of the country, mainly in terms of eating habits, socio-economic and cultural aspects.O presente estudo avaliou o teor de Hg e MeHg em amostras de cabelo de 201 crianças de 2 aos 7 anos de idade, residentes em seis bairros da cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Em geral, o teor de Hg total e MeHg em cabelo foram semelhantes (medianas de 0,91 a 1,71 mg kg-1, exceto para o bairro São José, que foi menor (0,16 mg kg-1. Apesar da população de Manaus consumir peixe como parte da dieta normal, os níveis de Hg nos cabelos ficaram abaixo do nível para uma população adulta não exposta ao mercúrio (2,0 mg kg-1. Esses dados foram comparados com informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e hábitos alimentares das famílias que participaram do estudo. Os resultados também foram comparados com outros dados publicados da Amazônia, outras regiões do Brasil e outros países. Futuros estudos para definir os níveis de Hg total e MeHg no cabelo das crianças brasileiras deverão considerar e avaliar a diversidade do país, principalmente em termos de h

Reactor, radioactive isotopes and nuclear energy: their avatars in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roche, M.

1981-01-01

A brief history of nuclear affairs in Venezuela, since the decision to bring a research reactor (3MW) to Venezuela (1954) to current situation, is presented. Since the establishment of the National Council for Nuclear Affairs (CONAN) and then of the National Council for the Development of Nuclear Industry (CONADIN), steps are being taken to train nuclear engineers, since most studies thus far indicate the last few years of the Century as the time when nuclear energy will have to supplement other sources

El rostro más especial de Venezuela. Jacqueline Saburido.

OpenAIRE

González, Silvia Lidia

2006-01-01

: Editorial: El emblemático número tres. Por: Ruiz Calderón, Humberto Especial Jóvenes, alcohol y ¿salud?. Venezuela, penoso liderazgo: consumo de licor y muertes en percances viales. Por: González, Silvia Lidia ¡Cuidado! ebrio al volante. Artículo Bebiendo el futuro. Por: Morales, Nelson Guía Web Sitios sobre alcoholismo en Internet. Historias El rostro más especial de Venezuela. Jacqueline Saburido. Por: González, Silvia Lidia Hora libre...

Lanzamiento de supermercados cheap en venezuela

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Oscar A. Colmenares D.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El presente caso de estudio se plantea en el contexto del sector de distribución de alimentos al detal en Venezuela en los años 2005 al 2007, el cual ha ostentado diversas mutaciones y cambios en función de las condiciones socioeconómicas del país y las tendencias globales. La cadena internacional de Supermercados Cheap, de origen tailandés, es una empresa dedicada a la distribución al menor de productos de consumo masivo, que estaba interesada en abrir operaciones comerciales en Latinoamérica tomando como país piloto a Venezuela. Para ello, quiere desarrollar una red de tiendas con marca y concepto propio adecuada a las características y exigencias del mercado local. En este sentido, debe diagnosticar el escenario de negocios y del mercado actual del sector y diseñar un plan de acción para cumplir con su objetivo.

US energy security plans threatened by militant Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2005-01-01

Faced with the need to import increasing volumes of crude oil and the desire to avoid over-dependence on the Middle East, the United States is looking to its own hemisphere for more oil. Unfortunately for Washington, the continent's largest oil exporter does not appear to want to co-operate. Venezuela's President, Hugo Chavez, wants to reduce his country's political and economic ties with the US and is seeking other markets for its oil. He has also picked a fight with US oil companies operating in Venezuela, disputing their taxes and refusing to approve their upstream investment programmes, giving rise to fears that oil and gas production will not grow as planned, thereby reducing future export levels. (author)

Mycobacterium marinum infection in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva).

Science.gov (United States)

Hannon, David E; Bemis, David A; Garner, Michael M

2012-12-01

A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was presented with a granuloma involving the proximal rhinotheca and extending into the rostral sinuses. Mycobacterium marinum was diagnosed based on results of biopsy and culture. Treatment was initiated with clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol, but the bird died 4 months after the onset of antimicrobial therapy. Additional granulomas were found in the left lung and liver on postmortem examination. Mycobacterial isolation on postmortem samples was unsuccessful. This is the first report of Mycobacterium marinum in a bird.

Republic of Venezuela. Country profile.

Science.gov (United States)

Hakkert, R

1985-06-01

Venezuela's current economic and demographic situation is described. Venezuela is a major oil country, and the oil industry accounts for 90% of the country's foreign exchange, 70% of the government's revenues, and 15% of the gross domestic product. The economy experienced a sudden and high rate of economic growth in the mid-1970s as a result of high oil prices; however, in recent years, declining oil prices have had a negative effect on the economy. The country is now faced with a serious trade deficit, and the government recently imposed restrictions on imports. Imports in recently years had increased markedly. The emphasis on the oil industry weakened the agricultural sector and, as a result, food imports increased. In addition, the rapid economic growth experienced during the 1970s greatly increased the demand for imported consumer goods. Venezuela has the 4th highest foreign debt in the world (US$35 billion). Despite these problems Venezuela has a relatively high per capita income (US$4,140) and living standard, compared to other countries in the region. Venezuela's total population is 14.6 million, and the population is unevenly distributed. 86% of the population lives in cities of 2500 or more. 37.4% of the population and 70% of the industry is concentrated in the Federal District which contains Caracas, and in the surrounding states of Aragua, Miranda, and Carabobo. This area constitutes only 2.36% of the country's territory. Most of the oil fields are located in the state of Zulia which also contains the country's 2nd largest city (Maracaibo). The country's coastal area contains most of the agricultural lands, and the prairies just south of the coastal mountain ranges are devoted primarily to cattle raising. The remaining 58.2% of the country's territory is essentially jungle and contains only 6.9% of the country's population. The annual population growth rate is 3.11%. Although the rate declined in recent years it is higher than in most of the other

Prevalence of Dyslipidemias in Three Regions in Venezuela: The VEMSOLS Study Results

Science.gov (United States)

González-Rivas, Juan P.; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis; Brajkovich, Imperia; Ugel, Eunice; Rísquez, Alejandro

2018-01-01

Background The prevalence of dyslipidemia in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The Venezuelan Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (VEMSOLS) was undertaken to evaluate cardiometabolic risk factors in Venezuela. Objective To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in five populations from three regions of Venezuela. Methods During the years 2006 to 2010, 1320 subjects aged 20 years or older were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households in five municipalities from 3 regions of Venezuela: Lara State (Western region), Merida State (Andean region), and Capital District (Capital region). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were obtained from each participant. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the NCEP/ATPIII definitions. Results Mean age was 44.8 ± 0.39 years and 68.5% were females. The prevalence of lipids abnormalities related to the metabolic syndrome (low HDL-c [58.6%; 95% CI 54.9 - 62.1] and elevated triglycerides [39.7%; 36.1 - 43.2]) were the most prevalent lipid alterations, followed by atherogenic dyslipidemia (25.9%; 22.7 - 29.1), elevated LDL-c (23.3%; 20.2 - 26.4), hypercholesterolemia (22.2%; 19.2 - 25.2), and mix dyslipidemia (8.9%; 6.8 - 11.0). Dyslipidemia was more prevalent with increasing body mass index. Conclusion Dyslipidemias are prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors in Venezuela. Among these, a higher prevalence of low HDL is a condition also consistently reported in Latin America. PMID:29538522

Iglesia y participación comunitaria en salud: el caso del Municipio San Francisco del estado Zulia, Venezuela

OpenAIRE

José Guillermo García

2002-01-01

Este trabajo tiene por objeto identificar en forma comparada los factores que condicionan la participación de las comunidades Betulio González y 24 de Julio del municipio San Francisco del estado Zulia en el subprograma de Medicina Natural que promociona la Iglesia Católica. Bajo un esquema conceptual que combina principios de las teorías: Elección Racional, Movilización de Recursos, Privación Relativa, Identidades Colectivas y Capital Social, se plantea la hipótesis que la par...

Estructura comunitaria de bivalvos y gasterópodos en raíces del mangle rojo Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae en isla Larga, bahía de Mochima, Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Acosta Balbas

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Las raíces del mangle rojo forman un complejo ecosistema donde se reproducen, refugian y establecen de manera permanente una gran diversidad de organismos. En este estudio, se evaluó la diversidad de bivalvos y gasterópodos que habitan las raíces del mangle rojo Rhizophora mangle, en isla Larga, Bahía de Mochima, estado Sucre Venezuela. Se realizaron recolectas bimensuales desde enero 2007 hasta mayo 2008, en cuatro zonas de estudio denominadas: zona sur, norte, este y oeste. En cada zona se muestrearon cinco raíces de mangle, de donde se obtuvieron los especímenes. Se analizaron un total 180 raíces y se contabilizaron 35 especies de bivalvos y 25 de gasterópodos. Los bivalvos más abundantes fueron: Isognomon alatus, Isognomon bicolor, Ostrea equestris, Crassostrea rhizophorae y Brachidontes exustus, mientras que los gasterópodos más frecuentes: Littorina angulifera, Cymatium pileare y Diodora cayenensis. Los meses donde se observaron las mayores abundancias de especies y número de individuos fueron enero y julio 2007 y marzo 2008. El ecosistema de manglar en isla Larga, presentó un número de individuos y especies superior al reportado en otros trabajos realizados en Venezuela y otras regiones del Caribe.

Heavy water. A production alternative for Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A survey of heavy water production methods is made. Main facts about isotopic and distillation methods, reforming and coupling to a Hydrogen distillation plant are presented. A feasibility study on heavy water production in Venezuela is suggested

Venezuela: Higher education, neoliberalism and socialism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Muhr, T.; Verger, A.; Hill, David; Rosskam, Ellen

2008-01-01

In this chapter we analyse the Higher Education For All (HEFA) policies and practices in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. In the construction of a 21st Century Socialism, universal access to higher education has not only become a constitutional right but assumes a pivotal role in both the

Estimating Venezuelas Latent Inflation

OpenAIRE

Juan Carlos Bencomo; Hugo J. Montesinos; Hugo M. Montesinos; Jose Roberto Rondo

2011-01-01

Percent variation of the consumer price index (CPI) is the inflation indicator most widely used. This indicator, however, has some drawbacks. In addition to measurement errors of the CPI, there is a problem of incongruence between the definition of inflation as a sustained and generalized increase of prices and the traditional measure associated with the CPI. We use data from 1991 to 2005 to estimate a complementary indicator for Venezuela, the highest inflation country in Latin America. Late...

[Mycoses in Venezuela: Working Groups in Mycology reported cases (1984-2010)].

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez Méndez, Dilia; Hernández Valles, Rosaura; Alvarado, Primavera; Mendoza, Mireya

2013-01-03

In 1984 the Venezuelan Work Groups in Mycology (VWGM) were created introducing an innovative approach to the study of the mycoses in Venezuela. To study the occurrence of the mycoses in Venezuela. Review the reported cases of mycoses by the newsletter Boletín Informativo Las Micosis en Venezuela (VWGM) from 1984 to 2010. The data collected showed 36,968 reported cases of superficial mycoses, 1,989 of deep systemic cases, and 822 of localized mycoses. Pityriasis dermatophytosis was the most common superficial infection, and paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis the most frequent deep systemic infection. Chromoblastomycosis was the most frequently diagnosed subcutaneous infection. The data provided showed the distribution by geographical area for each of the fungal infections studied, which may help to establish the endemic areas. Superficial mycosis is a public health problem due to its high morbidity and is probably responsible for some of the outbreaks in high-risk groups. Paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis were reported more often, which agrees with earlier reports prior to the formation of the VWGM. Cases of sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis in Venezuela can be considered unique due to the high number of cases. This study highlights the contribution of the VWGM to the behavior of the mycoses in Venezuela, its incidence, prevalence, and the recognition of these infections as a problem of public health importance. The VWGM should keep working in this endeavor, not only reporting new cases, but also unifying the clinical and epidemiological criteria, in order to properly monitor the evolving epidemiological changes reported in these types of infections. Copyright © 2012 Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

Application of Geographic Information Systems for Rural Electrification with Renewable Energy: IntiGIS Model. Case of Study: Zapara Island, Zulia State. Venezuela; Aplicaciones de Sistemas de Informacion Geografica para la Electrificacion Rural con Energias Renovables: Modelo IntiGIS. Caso de Estudio: Isla Zapara, Estado Zulia. Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rincon, L; Dominguez, J; Amador, J; Arribas, L; Pinedo, I

2011-07-01

This project started as an educational exercise for the Renewable Energy and Environment Master, taught by the Polytechnic University of Madrid, with the purpose of analyze in a real context GIS application in rural electrification with renewable energies. It was developed in collaboration with CIEMAT, ENELVEN (C.A. Energia Electrica de Venezuela), FUNDELEC (Fundacion para el Desarrollo del Servicio Electrico), CORPOLEC (Corporacion Electrica Nacional de Venezuela) and the UPM. The final aim is to define the technology that suits best to Zapara Islands electrification needs. This improvement will make possible the sustainable development of the population. In order to compare electrification technologies to decide which is the most suitable to Zapara Island, using IntiGIS model, will be required a geographic resources analysis, a population distribution and an electricity demand study. Also, it will be necessary to establish the technical parameters of the facility and economic factors that could affect the study. (Author) 14 refs.

Growth in an oil abundant economy: The case of Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Bety Agnany; Amaia Iza

2008-01-01

This paper has been presented at DEGIT-X held in México 2005.-- Revised: 2008-08. Venezuela's growth experience over the past fifty years is characterized by a high economic growth rate from 1950 to 1970 and a low economic growth rate in the last thirty years. Although Venezuela is an oil abundant economy, this growth experience is largely accounted for by the evolution of its real non-oil GDP. We use growth accounting to quantify the extent to which the growth experience in non-oil sector...

José María Vargas (1786-1854): Reformer of anatomical studies in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Reverón, Rafael Romero

2014-03-01

José María Vargas (1786-1854): Venezuelan medical doctor, surgeon, optician, anatomist, chemist, botanist, professor, geologist, mineralogist, and mathematician. Second President of Venezuela (1835-1836), First republican dean, he reformed medicine studies in 1827 establishing human anatomical dissection in the Universidad Central de Venezuela where he taught human anatomy between 1827 and 1853 along with surgery and chemistry. In 1838, he wrote Curso de Lecciones y demostraciones Anatómicas, the first book on the subject printed in Venezuela for the teaching of human anatomy. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Telejornalismo na Amaz?nia: o FTP como instrumento de integra??o regional

OpenAIRE

Batista, Lu?s Augusto Pires

2010-01-01

Esta disserta??o investiga o efeito do sistema FTP (File Transfer Protocol ou Protocolo de Transfer?ncia de Arquivo) no processo de produ??o do telejornalismo das emissoras da Rede Amaz?nica (TV Amazonas, TV Rond?nia, TV Acre, TV Roraima e TV Amap?), a partir da Central de Jornalismo sediada na capital do estado no Amazonas e seus efeitos no cotidiano da comunidade do munic?pio de Manacapuru, que passou a ser n?o apenas consumidora de informa??o, mas tamb?m produtora dela. C...

Cambio organizacional: Aspecto trascendental para las instituciones de educación superior en Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelson Labarca

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta el estudio de aspectos teóricos gerenciales para el cambio organizacional en el contexto de las instituciones de educación superior en Venezuela. En primer lugar, se plantea la resistencia al cambio, tanto individual como organizacional. En segundo lugar, el camino para superar la resistencia al mismo, los modelos gerenciales para administrar dicho proceso, así como la Universidad desde la perspectiva de la complejidad. Se concluye que la actual dinámica económica, política, social y cultural del país le exige a las instituciones de educación superior adoptar un proceso de revisión y reorganización administrativa, cuyo principales objetivos deben dirigirse a establecer una organización funcional, eficaz y eficiente que simplifique la toma de decisiones y mejore los procesos de seguimiento, evaluación y control administrativo, sin olvidar el ámbito académico. Lo cual exige una nueva relación Estado-sociedad-Universidad donde las teorías gerenciales basadas en el cambio organizacional son claves para tales fines

Development of Next Generation Synthetic Biology Tools for Use in Streptomyces venezuelae

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Phelan, Ryan M.; Sachs, Daniel; Petkiewicz, Shayne J.

2017-01-01

precludes rapid and predictable metabolic engineering that is possible in hosts such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In an effort to improve genetic tools for Streptomyces venezuelae, we developed a suite of standardized, orthogonal integration vectors and an improved method to monitor...... expression system. These tools advance S. venezuelae to be a practical host for future metabolic engineering efforts....

Algunos elementos sobre sexualidad en pobladores de un área rural del estado Cojedes, Venezuela.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Everilda Artega

2012-07-01

Full Text Available   El conocimiento de temas relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva evidencia vacíos en los países latinoamericanos en cuanto a reproducción, especialmente en el medio rural y en personas con menor nivel educativo. Se pretende con esta investigación describir características de la sexualidad en el área rural, primer estudio en Venezuela. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y de campo, con un cuestionario como instrumento, la muestra fue de 128 individuos de la comunidad de Apamates, Cojedes. La edad promedio fue 25,3 años, resultaron solteros 76,5% de los hombres y 43,6% de las mujeres. 96,1% de las personas saben leer y escribir pero únicamente 19,5% tenían bachillerato completo. 35,9% eran obreros y 82,8% recibían sueldo básico. 82% conocen los métodos anticonceptivos. El condón y los anticonceptivos orales son los mayormente usados. Fue baja la prevalencia de ITS. La mayoría tenía entre 0 y 1 hijo. Los hombres por iniciativa propia buscan información sobre sexualidad. El conocimiento sobre sexualidad en ambos géneros es bajo.  Ambos géneros mantienen relaciones sexuales por amor y con fines reproductivos. Desconocen que es el orgasmo. Se concluye que: desconocen aspectos básicos sobre la sexualidad y reproducción; la sexualidad es un tabú; y conocen los anticonceptivos pero no los usa con frecuencia. Para el desarrollo de la sexualidad es indispensable tener educación sexual verdaderamente eficaz.      

Venezuela: World Oil Report 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on Venezuela's expansion by state oil company PDVSA has gone from a mere concept a year ago to a well-defined plan. The five-year project that began this year and runs through 1995 received a $4-billion upgrading last fall to $25 billion. Money will be spent in increments of $5 billion/year, and all sectors are involved. Largest share, about $10.5 billion, will go to upstream projects, with $6 billion to be invested in refining, $6 billion in petrochemicals, $1.5 billion in coal and $800 million in domestic marketing. PDVSA intends to finance most of the spending directly from its cash flow. The upstream spending will go toward boosting oil production to more than 3.6 MMbpd by the beginning of 1996, with capacity topping at 4.2 MMbopd. Such heavy spending should prove a boon to the Venezuelan economy. The oil industry constitutes 23% of Venezuela's GNP, accounts for 75% of governmental revenues and produces 70% of the nation's annual foreign exchange earnings. The Ministry of Planning already is forecasting a 7% leap in real growth of the GNP this year

Dengue in Venezuela : A study on viral transmission, risk factors and clinical disease presentation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Velasco, Zoraida

2014-01-01

Dengue is wereldwijd de belangrijkste door muggen overgedragen ziekte. In Venezuela komen regelmatig epidemieën van toenemende omvang voor. In het onderzoek beschreven in dit proefschrift werden ongeveer 2000 personen uit drie wijken in Maracay, Venezuela, bestudeerd middels een prospectieve

UN MODELO DE EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA PARA VENEZUELA EN EL MARCO DEL SOCIALISMO DEL SIGLO XXI

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Miguel Ángel Pineda

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo se basa en un análisis de la educación universitaria en el contexto socio-político de la realidad venezolana, en el período referencial es 2007-2013, centrado a partir de la promulgación de la Ley Orgánica de Educación (2009. Este estudio se desarrolló en la Unidad de Investigación de Análisis de Políticas Públicas y Desarrollo Socio-educativo de la Universidad de Carabobo. Tomando como referencias teóricas a E. Morin y J. Habermas, se desarrollan tres categorías presentes en la realidad de Venezuela: el Socialismo del Siglo XXI, el Estado Docente y la Autonomía Universitaria. El tratamiento metodológico parte del planteamiento de la premisa: el Nuevo Modelo de Educación Universitaria que está por construirse, se debe a la crisis del modelo cognitivo instrumental instituido en la Constitución de la República de Venezuela (1961, sus Leyes y Reglamentos. Al triangular las tres categorías se plantea, como valor agregado, concebir la educación a través de un proceso transdisciplinario, sustentado en una primera instancia por el ordenamiento jurídico que le dé concreción y sincronización en el tiempo y el movimiento. En el caso de la educación venezolana, se concluye que no se han producidos cambios significativos que nos indiquen que estamos en presencia de un nuevo modelo de educación. La educación universitaria sigue atada al modelo cognitivo instrumental, impidiendo cualquier cambio que desde su seno se pretenda impulsar, de manera que la nueva Ley de Educación Universitaria y el nuevo modelo de educación siguen diferido.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology in Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

López Cadenas, María Sonsiré; Hasmy, Anwar; Vessuri, Hebe

2011-08-01

Nanoscale research in Venezuela is briefly reviewed, with emphasis on research groups, research lines, and institutions involved. A summary exploration is made of international collaboration through scientific co-authorship, as well of the efforts to build nano capacities, available infrastructure, relationships to the productive sector and a weak presence in Venezuelan public policies, although there is some expectation that the situation may soon begin to change.

Perspectivas del MERCOSUR ante la incorporación de Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Laredo, Iris Mabel; Cignacco, Gloria; Díaz, Corina; Angelone, Juan Pablo

2006-01-01

El trabajo analiza críticamente las principales experiencias de integración regional existentes en un contexto de creciente globalización asimétrica. Una caracterización del bolivarianismo permite revisar la política exterior de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. De allí, se examinan las posibles consecuencias de la admisión de Venezuela al MERCOSUR, no sólo para ese país, sino para toda América Latina. This paper analyzes critically the mayor experiences of regional integration that e...

Morpho structural interpretation with SRTM data for helping the oil exploration: an example of Amazonas-Brazil sedimentary basin; Interpretacao morfoestrutural com dados SRTM no auxilio a exploracao petrolifera: um exemplo na bacia sedimentar do Amazonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida-Filho, Raimundo; Ibanez, Delano M. [INPE, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil)], E-mails: rai@ltid.inpe.br, dmi77@uol.com.br; Miranda, Fernando P. de [Petrobras-CENPES, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], E-mail: fmiranda@petrobras.com.br

2010-01-15

The availability of digital elevation models produced by the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) opened new possibilities for studies of geological remote sensing in the Amazonia, since these models enhance subtle details of the terrain and drainage system, usually masked in conventional orbital images. Using as a case study an area located in the Amazonas sedimentary basin, this article discusses an approach to use these data as an aid to oil exploration in that region. The analysis of the drainage network automatically extracted from that product, combined with altitude information provided by the digital elevation model, revealed a number of drainage anomalies, which may indicate surface expression of buried geological features. One of these drainage anomalies is located exactly within the limits of the Azulao Gas Field, and may correspond to the surface expression of the hydrocarbon trapping structures in that area. The methodological approach discussed in this study can be replicated elsewhere in the Amazonas and Solimoes sedimentary basins, which together comprise about 1,000,000 km{sup 2} covered by rainforest. (author)

Genetic differentiation in red-bellied piranha populations (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner, 1858) from the Solimões-Amazonas River.

Science.gov (United States)

Dos Santos, Carlos Henrique Dos A; de Sá Leitão, Carolina S; Paula-Silva, Maria de N; Almeida-Val, Vera Maria F

2016-06-01

Red-bellied piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) are widely caught with different intensities throughout the region of Solimões-Amazonas River by local fishermen. Thus, the management of this resource is performed in the absence of any information on its genetic stock. P. nattereri is a voracious predator and widely distributed in the Neotropical region, and it is found in other regions of American continent. However, information about genetic variability and structure of wild populations of red-bellied piranha is unavailable. Here, we describe the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-bellied piranha populations collected at different locations of Solimões-Amazonas River system. We collected 234 red-bellied piranhas and analyzed throughout eight microsatellite markers. We identified high genetic diversity within populations, although the populations of lakes ANA, ARA, and MAR have shown some decrease in their genetic variability, indicating overfishing at these communities. Was identified the existence of two biological populations when the analysis was taken altogether at the lakes of Solimões-Amazonas River system, with significant genetic differentiation between them. The red-bellied piranha populations presented limited gene flow between two groups of populations, which were explained by geographical distance between these lakes. However, high level of gene flow was observed between the lakes within of the biological populations. We have identified high divergence between the Catalão subpopulation and all other subpopulations. We suggest the creation of sustainable reserve for lakes near the city of Manaus to better manage and protect this species, whose populations suffer from both extractive and sport fishing.

Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy

Science.gov (United States)

2008-08-01

constitution and unicameral legislature, and a new name for the country, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. U.S. officials and human rights...revamped political institutions, eliminating the Senate and establishing a unicameral National Assembly, and expanded the presidential term of office from

Venezuela: Issues in the 111th Congress

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-03

Congressional Research Service 12 telecommunications, electricity, and steel companies, as well as cement, coffee , sugar, flour, and milk...poppy, and cannabis cultivation in the common Sierra de Perijá mountain area bordering the two countries. In 2008 and 2009, Venezuela installed 10

International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) orientation phase mission summary report: Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-01-01

A report has recently been published which describes the findings of the International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) mission to Venezuela. The IUREP Orientation Phase mission to Venezuela estimates that the Speculative Resources of that country fall within the range 2,000 to 42,000 tonnes uranium.- The majority of this potential is expected to be located in the Precambrian crystalline and sedimentary rocks of the Guayana Shield. Other potentially favorable geologic environments include Cretaceous phosphorite beds, continental sandstone and granitic rocks. The mission recommends that approximately US $18 million be spent on exploration in Venezuela over the next five years. The majority of this expenditure would be for surface surveys utilizing geologic studies, radiometric and geochemical surveys and some drilling for geologic information. Additional drilling would be required later to substantiate preliminary findings. (author)

Egalitarian policies and social determinants of health in Bolivarian Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Muntaner, Caries; Benach, Joan; Páez Victor, María; Ng, Edwin; Chung, Haejoo

2013-01-01

In 1999, newly-elected Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez initiated a far-reaching social movement as part of a political project known as the Bolivarian Revolution. Inspired by the democratic ideologies of Simón Bolívar, this movement was committed to reducing intractable inequalities that defined Venezuela's Fourth Republic (1958-1998). Given the ambitious scope of these reforms, Venezuela serves as an instructive example to understand the political context of social inequalities and population health. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the impact of egalitarian policies in Venezuela, stressing: (a) the socialist reforms and social class changes initiated by the Bolivarian Movement; (b) the impact of these reforms and changes on poverty and social determinants of health; (c) the sustainability of economic growth to continue pro-poor policies; and (d) the implications of egalitarian policies for other Latin American countries. The significance and implications of Chávez's achievements are now further underscored given his recent passing, leading one to ask whether political support for Bolivarianism will continue without its revolutionary leader.

[Colombians in Venezuela: myth and reality].

Science.gov (United States)

Bidegain Greising, G; Freitez Landaeta, A

1988-08-01

Figures of Colombian immigrants in Venezuela in the period 1981-1986 as well as the development of their socio-demographic profile and their integration into the labor market are analyzed by means of ad hoc tables drawn from a Sample Home Survey by the Oficina Central de Estadisticas e Informatica and information from the civil record office. It is estimated that in 1987 there are only half a million Colombians in Venezuela and, contrary to what is generally assumed, not only has the afflux decreased (3/4 of the Colombians entered before 1981), but also a return migration can be observed. Colombian immigration is not homogeneous, but is made up of different groups as far as their professional skills and occupations are concerned. The number of Colombians engaged in household service and those living in rural areas has decreased, but not the number of active farm workers. A greater proportion of Colombians engaged in trade and sales activities is observed, but artisans and skilled labor are still the majority.

GESTIÓN TECNOLÓGICA: ESTUDIO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS DISTINTIVAS EN EMPRESAS BARQUISIMETANAS-VENEZUELA // TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT: STUDY OF ITS DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS IN COMPANIES FROM BARQUISIMETO - VENEZUELA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zahira Moreno Freites

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This research analyze the distinctive features of technology management in business for the retail, service and manufacturing / industrial sector, located in Barquisimeto - Lara state / Venezuela. The current situation of the companies in their technological management practices, and the constraints they face for their execution are evaluated. It is a descriptive research with a field design. The sample consisted of 60 companies (12 retail, 20 service and 28 manufacturing / industrial sector. The instrument applied consists in closed questions considering the Likert scale, complemented with other open questions, where interviewed managers gave their opinions and perceptions. It is concluded that managers possess Technology Management knowledge, and even consider it as an important aspect in the current economy. However, very few actions have taken place in this area, leading to a lack of the attention that this matter really deserves, Technological capability is deficient due to the absence of research on technological requirements of the companies, and the excess of routine activities prevents the insertion of innovation processes and technologies in companies. // RESUMEN La presente investigación analiza las características distintivas de la gestión tecnológica en empresas del sector comercio, servicio y manufacturero/industrial ubicadas en Barquisimeto - estado Lara, Venezuela. Se evalúa la situación de las empresas en cuanto a sus prácticas de gestión tecnológica y las limitaciones presentadas para su ejecución. La investigación es descriptiva con un diseño de campo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 60 empresas (12 sector comercial, 20 servicio y 28 manufacturero/industrial. El instrumento utilizado constó de preguntas cerradas considerando la escala Likert, complementadas con preguntas abiertas donde los gerentes entrevistados emitieron sus opiniones y percepciones. Se concluye que los gerentes tienen conocimiento sobre la

PDV [Petroleos de Venezuela] ditches past to play leading role in Venezuela's future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giusti, L.

1994-01-01

The president of Petroleos de Venezuela (PDV) describes the transformation of Venezuelan society and economics which has come about between 1989 and 1992 and the effect of these political changes on the oil industry in this country. While political and social unrest has been widespread before and during these changes PDV, at least, considers that a more robust economy and a better and fairer society will result than would have been possible under the oil rent system which held sway prior to 1989. (author)

Adapting EVIAVE methodology as a planning and decision-making tool in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zamorano, M.; Paolini, A.; Ramos, A.; Rodriguez, M.L.

2009-01-01

Landfills in Venezuela have serious problems regarding their location, design and operation. In fact, basic waste disposal is one of the main weaknesses of the municipal waste management in this country. The Venezuelan Ministry of Environment and Renewable Resources has studied and identified the negative impacts of operating landfills, but no program has been implemented to determine the cause-effect relation of these impacts or to design strategies to counteract with the serious environmental and health risks generated. This paper describes how EVIAVE methodology can be successfully used for landfill diagnosis, and shows how this type of landfill diagnosis was applied in Venezuela. For our research study, we carried out both a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the environmental problems generated by 22 landfills in Venezuela. Our study was based on the following environmental indexes: Landfill Environment, Environmental Risk, Environmental Value, and Probability of Contamination. For the purposes of our study, it was first necessary to adapt EVIAVE to the legal system and social context in Venezuela. The results obtained confirmed the applicability of this methodology to Venezuelan landfills. EVIAVE was found to be an effective planning tool that provided crucial information for the development of action plans, which would improve landfill operation, and help make decisions pertaining to their closure, sealing and eventual recovery.

A new minute Andean Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae from Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César L. Barrio-Amorós

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A new species of Pristimantis is described from the Venezuelan Andes. The new species is the smallest in its genus known in Venezuela and belongs to the Pristimantis unistrigatus Group. It differs from the rest of Venezuelan Andean congeners in body size (mean male SVL < 21.3 mm, female SVL < 26.3 mm, expanded discs on fingers and toes, absence of dorsolateral folds, and a distinctivecall consisting in 2–5 cricket-like short notes. The new species inhabits the southwestern part of the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela and the Venezuelan side of the Cordillera Oriental deColombia, and could be present on the Colombian portion of the cordillera as well.

O Boi-Bumbá de Parintins, Amazonas: breve história e etnografia da festa Boi-Bumbá in Parintins, Amazonas: a brief history and ethnography of the festival

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Laura Viveiros de Castro Cavalcanti

2000-09-01

Full Text Available O festival dos Bois-Bumbás de Parintins (AM alcançou nos últimos anos dimensões massivas, conjugando, de modo inesperado e criativo, padrões e temas culturais tradicionais a procedimentos e abordagens modernizantes. É hoje uma das grandes manifestações populares do Norte do Brasil, atraindo milhares de pessoas não só de Manaus (a capital do estado e cidades próximas, como de diversas partes do país. O artigo analisa-o a partir de uma perspectiva antropológica, centrada no estudo dos rituais. Tece considerações sobre o estudo e a história do folguedo no Brasil. Empreende uma etnografia do festival, situando-o no contexto da região amazônica e examinando a trajetória percorrida desde sua criação aos dias atuais. Sugere, finalmente, a interpretação do Bumbá como um novo nativismo que, ao valorizar as raízes regionais indígenas, afirma positivamente uma identidade cultural cabocla.In recent years, the Boi-Bumbá festival in Parintins, in the state of Amazonas, has reached massive proportions. In surprising and creative ways, the festival mixes traditional cultural patterns and themes together with modernizing procedures and approaches. It has now become a major expression of popular culture in North Brazil, drawing thousands of people not only from the state capital of Manaus and nearby cities but also from all over the country. The article analyzes the Boi-Bumbá from an anthropological perspective, centered on the study of rituals and including observations on the study and history of folguedo in Brazil. Looking from an ethnographic angle, the article situates the festival in the context of the Amazon and examines the road taken from its creation to today. In conclusion, the Bumbá is interpreted as a new nativism that serves as a positive affirmation of cabocla cultural identity by valuing indigenous regional roots.

Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from the state of Amazonas, in Brazil, and screening against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae

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Joelma Soares-da-Silva

2015-03-01

Full Text Available We investigated the use of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated in the state of Amazonas, in Brazil, for the biological control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. From 25 soil samples collected in nine municipalities, 484 bacterial colonies were obtained, 57 (11.78% of which were identified as B. thuringiensis. Six isolates, IBt-03, IBt-06, IBt-07, IBt-28, IBt-30, and BtAM-27 showed insecticidal activity, and only BtAM-27 presents the five genes investigated cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry10Aa, cry11Aa, and cry11Ba. The IBt-07 and IBt- 28, with lower LC50 values, showed equal toxicity compared to the standards. The isolates of B. thuringiensis from Amazonas constitute potential new means of biological control for A. aegypti, because of their larvicidal activity and the possibility that they may also contain new combinations of toxins.

COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CIPRÉS (Cupressus lusitánica Mill. EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ÁRBOLES DE NAVIDAD BAJO CONDICIONES DE CLIMA ALTO ANDINO, VENEZUELA

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J. Petit-Aldana

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Las condiciones agroecológicas del estado Mérida, Venezuela tienen potencialidad para establecer plantaciones de árboles de navidad con fines de comercialización. Se estudió el comportamiento silvicultural de la especie Cupressus lusitánica Mill., en condiciones de la zona alto-andina, con el fin de promocionar el cultivo de árboles de navidad entre las comunidades interesadas, El ensayo se estableció en la Estación Experimental Santa Rosa, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Los Andes. Los árboles fueron monitoreados y evaluados a lo largo de 20 meses, realizando mediciones de diámetro basal, altura total; aplicando podas apicales y de formación. Se obtuvo una sobrevivencia de 82.69 % y mortalidad de 17.31 %; altura promedio de 2.56 m. y diámetro basal de 7.79 cm, con respuestas positivas a las podas apicales y de formación. El incremento anual en altura fue de 1.51 m y de 3.80 cm en diámetro. Se concluyó que Cupressus lusitanica demostró adaptación a las condiciones ambientales del estado Mérida, de acuerdo a los parámetros evaluados.

Risk, Activism, and Empowerment: Women's Breast Cancer in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Eid, Mahmoud; Nahon-Serfaty, Isaac

2015-01-01

The prevalence of breast cancer in Venezuela is particularly alarming, which is attributed to healthcare inequalities, low health literacy, and lagging compliance with prevention methods (i.e., screening and mammography). While the right to health is acknowledged by the Venezuelan constitution, activism beyond governmental confines is required to increase women's breast cancer awareness and decrease mortality rates. Through the development of social support and strategic communicative methods enacted by healthcare providers, it may be possible to empower women with the tools necessary for breast cancer prevention. This paper discusses issues surrounding women's breast cancer, such as awareness of the disease and its risks, self-advocacy, and the roles of activists, healthcare providers, and society. Specifically, it describes a four-year action-oriented research project developed in Venezuela, which was a collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include higher levels of awareness and interest among community members and organizations to learn and seek more information about women's breast cancer, better understandings of the communicated messages, more media coverage and medical consultations, increasing positive patient treatments, expansion of networking of NGOs, as well as a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela.

El Amazonas en el camino de la sostenibilidad

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Nelson Pinilla

2003-11-01

Full Text Available La Amazonia es en la conciencia colectiva del planeta el espacio natural y cultural más conservado y donde es posible el desarrollo sostenible. Pero la realidad es otra: factores históricos y económicos, aunados a la codicia, la ignorancia y las erradas políticas andinas para las selvas han llevado a esta región a soportar intensos procesos de deforestación y extracción de sus recursos naturales y culturales. Al analizar la encrucijada del sin modelo económico actual del Amazonas, se encuentra que la salida está en apoyar técnica y decididamente a los productores indígenas y campesinos para estructurar participativamente encadenamientos comerciales entre diferentes sectores productivos, como una gran red asociativa de "empresas" e iniciativas sostenibles locales.

Guidelines to elaborate a migration plan for digital terrestrial television in Venezuela

OpenAIRE

José Rafael Uzcátegui; José Francisco Torres; Nelson Pérez García; Luís Duque; Zeldívar Bruzual

2011-01-01

In October 2009, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela adopted the ISDB-Tb (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial Built On), released by Japan, with some improvement made by Brazil, as Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) to be deployment in Venezuela. After standard choice, has been start the route towards the solution of transcendental aspects of legal and technical nature to enable the provision of digital terrestrial television service harmonized with the goals of true soc...

Venezuelas Pursuit of Caribbean Basin Interests: Implications for United States National Security.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-01-01

sold to buyers in Western Europe and the United States. The most important Venezuelan exports in the 19th century were cocoa and coffee. In the 20th...confusion in the U.S. Congress over the difference between the Organiza- tion of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), of which Venezuela was not a...member, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), to which Venezuela belonged, the action remained in force even though Caracas had

Venezuela: Un perfil general.

OpenAIRE

Quevedo, Rafael Isidro

2003-01-01

1.- Artículos Cartay, Rafael. "Los productos típicos y su reglamentación. Una tentativa de aplicación de la denominación de origen al cacao venezolano" Kalvatchev, Zlatko; Garzaro, Domingo; Guerra Cedezo, Franklin. "Theobroma Cacao L.: Un nuevo enfoque para nutrición y salud" Anido, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Alejandro. "La demanda de las calorías en Venezuela 1970-1995: Algunas evidencias empíricas" Molina, Luisa Elena. "Notas sobre la situación de la producción primaria de arroz en Ven...

Venezuela e ALBA: regionalismo contra-hegemônico e ensino superior para todos Venezuela and the ALBA: counter-hegemonic regionalism and higher education for all

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Thomas Muhr

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Partindo de um quadro teórico neo-gramsciano crítico à globalização, este artigo aplica a nova teoria do regionalismo (NTR e a teoria do regionalismo regulatório (TRR à sua análise e teorização dos tratados de comércio da Aliança Bolivariana para os Povos da Nossa América (ALBA-TCP como regionalismo contra-hegemônico na América Latina e Caribe (ALC. A ALBA está centrada na ideia de um Socialismo do Século XXI, que, como (inicialmente também a Revolução Bolivariana da Venezuela, substitui a 'vantagem competitiva' pela 'vantagem cooperativa'. Em seu caráter de conjunto de processos multidimensionais e transnacionais a ALBA-TCP opera dentro de/transversalmente a um número de setores e escalas, ao mesmo passo que as transformações estruturais são movidas pela interação de agentes do Estado e agentes não estatais. A política de Educação Superior para Todos (ESPT do governo venezuelano rejeita a agenda neoliberal globalizada de mercadorização, privatização e elitismo e reinvindica educação pública gratuita em todos os níveis como um direito humano fundamental. A ESPT está sendo regionalizado em um espaço educacional emergente da ALBA e assume um papel-chave nos processos de democracia direta e participatória, dos quais a construção popular (bottom-up da contra-hegemonia e a redefinição política e econômica da ALC dependem. Antes de produzir sujeitos empreendedores conformes ao capitalismo global, a ESPT procura formar subjetividades ao longo de valores morais de solidariedade e cooperação. Isso será ilustrado com referência a um estudo etnográfico de caso da Universidade Bolivariana da Venezuela (UBV.This paper employs new regionalism theory and regulatory regionalism theory in its analysis and theorisation of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA as a counter-hegemonic Latin American and Caribbean (LAC regionalism. As (initially the regionalisation of Venezuela's Bolivarian

El estado Schumpeteriano en diálogo con el estado de bienestar

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Peñas Felizzola, Olga Luz

2010-01-01

El presente trabajo se desarrolla con la intención de dar cuenta de algunos de los planteamientos básicos de la teoría del estado Schumpeteriano, particularmente alrededor de dos reflexiones centrales: la importancia de la obra de Schumpeter para la teoría económica, y los elementos distintivos entre el estado Shumpeteriano y el estado de Bienestar.

Diagnòstico del agua utilizada en las procesadoras de café del municipio Caripe - Estado Monagas, Venezuela

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Malavè, Auristela

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Latin America is the region with the highest coffee production in the world, and Monagas is one of the producing states in the area of the Caripe Municipality, Venezuela, which is supplied with a hydrographic basin, being the Caripe River its main water resource. The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary assessment to the quality of water used during the wet coffee processing in the few processors thet still operating in the Caripe Municipality. It was considered specifically those located in “Agropecuaria Cantarrana”, “Gualberto”, “Cocollar”, “Lisieux”, and “Las Acacias” farms, in order to determine whether the evaluated parameters meet the allowed values for the current Venezuelan Legislation. Based on the results obtained, in general it was observed that all parameters evaluated comply with the permitted limits in terms of quality, except for microbiological analysis related to the levels of total coliforms fulfilled only for "Cantarrana" processor. While other producers fail to comply with this quality parameter, being quite evident in the case of the "Cocollar" processor whose water had the highest levels for these pathogens (240 for the Most Probable Number/100 mL index, which are indicative of microbiological contamination.

Taska teeb Venezuela seebi eesti moodi / Verni Leivak

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Leivak, Verni, 1966-

2008-01-01

Produtsent Kristian Taska ostis ära Venezuela seebiooperi "Lorenzo naine", et valmistada Kanal Spordis näitamiseks Eesti oludele mugandatud "Kalevi naised" (lavastaja Ingomar Vihmar, osades Maria Avdjuško, Andrus Vaarik, Jan Uuspõld, Anne Reemann)

Electric power and traditional communities in the state of Amazonas: learning from the experience of the Roque Community in the Middle Jurua extractive reserve; Energia eletrica e as populacoes tradicionais do Estado do Amazonas: aprendizados a partir da experiencia na Comunidade do Roque na Reserva Extrativista do Medio Jurua

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Andrade, Celia Salama

2010-09-15

This work aims to bring new ideas for expanding access to electricity services to traditional communities in the state of Amazonas including strategies for income generation and improvement of local living conditions. To this end, the main achievements in the community of Roque in the implementation of the project Vegetable Oil for Electricity Generation and Valuation of Biodiversity in Isolated Communities of Extractive Reserve in the Middle Jurua, Carauari, Amazon state were identified and evaluated. Based on the results, a proposal for planning electrification works is formulated that takes into account local knowledge on socioeconomic and environmental conditions. In order to be implemented, such a proposal will require an improvement of the existing regulatory system and the establishment of partnerships or institutional articulation with broad stake holder involvement, including representatives of communities and local power utilities. (author)

Investigación de trihalometanos en agua potable del Estado Carabobo, Venezuela

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Sarmiento A.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: La desinfección del agua con cloro en las plantas de potabilización da lugar a la formación de trihalometanos (THM. Estos compuestos están asociados a efectos adversos para la salud. En este estudio se determinó la concentración de THM en el agua para consumo humano suministrada por las redes de distribución de los dos principales sistemas de potabilización de agua del Estado Carabobo, la planta Alejo Zuloaga y el embalse Pao-Cachinche que forman el Sistema Regional del Centro I (SRC-I y la planta Lucio Baldo Soules y el embalse Pao-La Balsa que forman el Sistema Regional del Centro II (SRC-II. Métodos: Se analizaron un total de 144 muestras recolectadas durante 6 muestreos que se realizaron durante los años 2000 y 2001. La concentración de THM se determinó por cromatografía de gases, mediante la técnica de headspace. Se determinaron las concentraciones para los siguientes THM: cloroformo (CHCl3, bromoformo (CHBr3, dibromoclorometano (CHBr2Cl y diclorobromometano (CHCl2Br. Resultados: La concentración de THM totales estuvo entre 47,84 y 93,23 μg/l. El CHCl3 fue el compuesto predominante, representando el 83% de total de THM para el SRC-I y el 82% en el SRC-II. Se encontró que las concentraciones de THM totales en el SRC-I (Red Baja y Red San Diego son significativamente superiores (p < 0,05 con respecto a la concentración máxima permisible establecida por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los EE.UU. (80 μg/l para el total de los cuatro THM. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que en la zona de estudio existe un riesgo de efectos adversos para la salud por la presencia de THM en agua de consumo humano, especialmente en la Red Baja y Red San Diego del SRC-I.

Economía política y política económica para la Venezuela del siglo XXI: "El Estado Fofo"

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Luis Mata Mollejas

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Las transformaciones políticas venezolanas en el siglo XX han estado asociadas a la dinámica de la industria petrolera y a las mutaciones monetarias y financieras en el ámbito internacional y nacional. En el comportamiento interno reciente, la especulación financiera en la actividad bancaria, como resultado de la ocurrencia sostenida de déficit Fiscal y su consecuencia en la economía real como "trampa depresiva" se encuentran en el centro de un mecanismo explicativo, que permite evaluar la relación deseable entre Estado y Sociedad Civil (Social choice. El artículo también enfoca los retos presentados a la política macroeconómica (Public choice para inducir un nivel más alto de bienestar colectivo, asociado a un mayor nivel de empleo al considerar la situación presente de "burbuja petrolera", "trampa depresiva" y "gobernabilidad restringida".

Algunas Características de los Cacaos Criollos de Venezuela

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Ciferri R.

1949-03-01

Full Text Available Se indican algunas características morfológicas y biométricas de los cacaos "Criollo de cáscara morada" y "Criollo de cáscara decolorada", observadas en un cacaotal de Venezuela y las cuales se comparan con las de algunos de sus cruces, así más afines, como más alejados, que en conjunto forman el Forastero Venezolano. Se llama la atención sobre unos tipos de cacao muy valiosos, derivados de los cruzamientos entre estos dos tipos de Criollo, mencionados. Se indica, además, la distribución de dichos Criollos en Venezuela.

El Estado y la regulación de la intervención bancaria en Venezuela desde 1994 a 1995

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Emmanuel Borgucci

2000-09-01

Full Text Available En la crisis financiera que sufrió Venezuela en 1994, se han esgrimido diversas causas y explicaciones. La finalidad de este ensayo se centra en demostrar, desde el punto de vista del análisis de las políticas públicas, cómo la política de auxilios financieros, intervención y/o liquidación de instituciones bancarias entre 1994 y 1995, si bien respondían al deseo de proteger los ahorros del público y las empresas, su manejo deficiente, en términos económicos, no hizo sino reflejar los conflictos entre los niveles de decisión técnica y política. La preeminencia de los elementos de carácter político sobre los de carácter técnico, ahondó más aún la crisis y demostraron que la experiencia acumulada en crisis anteriores de poco o nada sirvieron para dominar la crisis en el sistema de pagos venezolano. Se concluye, que el sistema de vigilancia y control bancario junto a la estructura del sistema bancario venezolano ameritan un severo reajuste institucional.

Reação de híbridos de pepino a Corynespora cassiicola no Amazonas.

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Elisângela de Jesus da Silva Bezerra

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A mancha-alvo, causada pelo fungo Corynespora cassiicola, é a principal doença da parte área do tomateiro na região Norte do Brasil. No Estado do Amazonas o patógeno em plantas de pepino, causa severos danos à produção tanto em cultivo protegido quanto em campo aberto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de dez genótipos de pepino a C. cassiicola. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dez tratamentos e dez repetições. Foram avaliados a cultivar Aodai e os híbridos tipo japonês General Lee F1, Hokushim, Japonês Híbrido F1 (Soudai, Jóia, Marketmore 76 (verde comprido, Natsubayashi, Natsu Suzumi, Sprint 440 II e Tsuyataro. Os isolados do patógeno foram obtidos a partir de folhas de plantas de pepino naturalmente infectadas, e multiplicado em meio de cultura BDA. As plantas foram inoculadas nas duas primeiras folhas definitivas com suspensão de inóculo na concentração 104 conídios mL-1 e mantidas em câmara úmida por 48 horas. A severidade foi avaliada e calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD para cada tratamento. Houve variação na reação dos genótipos ao patógeno e a cultivar Aodai apresentou menor AACPD considerada como resistente. Os híbridos Hokuchim, Soudai, Verde Comprido e Natsubayashi apresentaram menores valores de AACPD entre os híbridos avaliados em contraposição ao Tsuyataro o mais suscetível.

Evaluation of the micro nutrients daily ingestion and mercury on pre-elementary school children from some communities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil; Avaliacao da ingestao diaria de micronutrientes e mercurio em pre-escolares de algumas comunidades do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

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Santos, Andrea C.P. [Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Favaro, Deborah I.T.; Farias, Luciana; Maihara, Vera A.; Vasconcellos, Marina B.A. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: defavaro@ipen.br; ime, P.L.; Alencar, Fernando H.; Yuyama, Lucia K. [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, AM (Brazil)]. E-mail: yuyama@inpa.gov.br

2007-07-01

This study evaluates the daily dietetic ingestion of Hg and some nutrients of pre-scholar children from eight communities of Amazonas state, Brazil. Some children from each community were selected and their diets (24 hours total consumption) were collected by the duplicate quantity method and a pool of diets composed for each of these communities. The diet samples were analysed for the Hg total content by a CV AAS linear accelerator and neutron activation analysis for determination of Ca, Fe, K, Se and Zn micro nutrients. Both analytical methodologies precision and accuracy were validated using the certified reference materials analysis. The provisional tolerable weekly ingestion (PTWI) for Hg and the daily micro nutrient ingestion were calculated for each group, considering an 10 kg average weight for each child. The obtained results for all diets were shown the inadequacy prevail for the evaluated micro nutrients, and some communities exceeded the limit of 5 {mu}g Hg/kg of body weight (PTWI). Those results suggested that the nutritional education program must be implemented at those communities, aiming the better utilization of the local food natural resources. (author)

The construction of environmental governance in the RDS Igapó-Açu (Amazonas, Brazil: organization, complexity and interdependence

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Marília Gabriela Rezende

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The main objective of the present text is to analyze environmental governance in the Sustainable Development Reserve Igapó-Açu, located in the municipalities of Manicoré, Borba and Beruri, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The study area was chosen because the RDS is the only Amazonas state protected area crossed by a federal interstate highway. This highway provides a specific territorial arrangement of governance elements in the studied area. Different methodological tools were used in this research, such as close-ended questionnaires and open-ended interviews. Data were systematized using Excel software and they were graphically represented in the form of organizational charts drawn with Websphere Analysis Software. Results indicate that environmental governance of the RDS Igapó-Açu involves multiple factors, while the central node of the local political articulation is held by a Management Council that is in charge of materializing the governability of the RDSt, as well as its ramifications.

Dispersão de Biomphalaria straminea, hospedeira intermediária do Schistosoma mansoni, através da distribuição de peixes The spreading of Biomphalaria straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni through the distribution of fishes

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Renato de R. Corrêa

1970-12-01

Full Text Available Foi focalizado, pela primeira vez o encontro de B. straminea no Estado de São Paulo. Esta espécie vem juntar-se aos planorbídeos já assinalados em nosso Estado. Foram descritos os criadouros, onde a B. straminea foi coletada, localizados em tanques de criação de peixes nas Estações de Piscicultura de Barra Bonita e Americana, Estado de São Paulo, e em um aquário particular na capital dêsse Estado. Fêz-se referência ao transporte de peixes oriundos de zonas do país onde ocorre aquela espécie, Amazonas e Ceará, como responsável pela introdução daquele molusco no Estado. Destacou-se êsse achado pelo perigo que representa a distribuição de peixes da maneira como vem sendo feita atualmente em nosso país, tendo sido julgado necessário o estabelecimento de quarentena para aquêles vindos de zonas infestadas por espécies hospedeiras intermediárias do S. mansoni. Foram relatadas as medidas de combate aos caramujos efetuadas imediatamente após aquela descoberta e os resultados obtidos. Conclui-se que a dispersão passiva da B. straminea pelo transporte de peixes, deve ampliar a distribuição geográfica dêsse planorbídeo, já assinalado na Venezuela, Guianas e no Brasil, sendo que neste último ocorre em tôdas as Unidades Federativas, exceto, no Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro e Territórios.Up the present, the works of collecting planorbids done in 226 municipalities for the elaboration of the geographical distribution chart in the State of São Paulo (Brazil, showed the presence of two intermediate host species of Schistosoma mansoni: Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biompralaria glabrata. Although the technicians from the Psiculture Stations, have not found snails in the water inside the containers used for the transportation of fishes, the ecological conditions of B. straminea in the latest researches are such as to indicate that they have been introduced, in our State through fish transportation imported

Astrometry and Geostationary Satellites in Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

Lacruz, E.; Abad, C.

2015-10-01

We present the current status and the first results of the astrometric project CIDA - ABAE for tracking geo-stationary satellites. This project aims to determine a preliminary orbit for the Venezuelan satellite VENESAT-1, using astrometric positions obtained from an optical telescope. The results presented here are based on observations from the Luepa space tracking ground station in Venezuela, which were processed using astrometric procedures.

Estructura del sistema legal del turismo en Venezuela | Structure of the legal system of tourism in Venezuela

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Melania Navas Graterol

2017-11-01

Full Text Available It is a fact that the social dynamic of human life, in its constant evolution promotes special and particular circumstances that the law must regulate, such as tourism. The latter, as multifaceted activity, develops into different scopes of human activities: economic, social, cultural, environmental, political and obviously, in the judicial, and requires to be regulated, supervised, encouraged and coordinated by the law. This compendium of rules integrates what is known as the Legal System Structure of the Tourism in Venezuela and they are organized in a hierarchical way, into a legal level that gives a determinate rank, which can be the same or different, and could be seen in the pyramidal model created by Hans Kelsen. The understanding of this legal system that regulates tourism through the compressive hermeneutics of its rules, allowed to find out that the legal structure is well defined within the Venezuelan touristic context. The analysis of results allowed to conclude that the norm that regulates the tourism activity in Venezuela responds to the Kelsen pyramidal model and there is a diverse number of legal instruments which contain rules that regulates it in direct way and others indirectly.

Mastery: A Lesson from Maria in Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

Powell, Sandra Anez; Powell, Norman W.

2012-01-01

Children who have been born into poverty or into at-risk circumstances are often considered "disposable" and not a societal priority. These youngsters have few advocates and limited successful options in life. In the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela, there is a large population of Amerindians who are called Guajiros. These indigenous people…

Visiones jesuíticas del Amazonas en la Colonia: de la misión como dominio espiritual a la exploración de las riquezas del río vistas como tesoro

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Fernando Torres-Londoño

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo examina las elaboraciones textuales de jesuitas españoles y portugueses en relación con el río Amazonas durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. Los jesuitas de las misiones de Maynas, establecidas entre diversos tributarios del río Amazonas, entendieron sus misiones como la mejor forma de garantizar el dominio español en la región. El fracaso de este modelo aproximó a los misioneros de Maynas a la visión de los jesuitas portugueses del Pará, entre ellos el padre João Daniel, que vieron el río Amazonas como una gran fuente de riqueza, base para una ocupación sustentada en el poblamiento y la agricultura.

Undocumented migration to Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Roy, R

1984-01-01

"In 1980 Venezuela took...steps to regularize the undocumented migrant population. While the number responding to the amnesty was small relative to expectations, the majority of illegals appeared to have regularized their status. For the first time it was possible to assess objectively the characteristics of the undocumented population. Moreover, the problem of illegal migrants seems to have been temporarily solved, a result of both the amnesty and the country's declining economic activity." Topics covered in the present article include the nationality, geographic distribution, sex and age distribution, educational status, and occupations of undocumented migrants. excerpt

Susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to temephos in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez, Leslie C; Ponce, Gustavo; Oviedo, Milagros; Lopez, Beatriz; Flores, Adriana E

2014-08-01

Temephos is an insecticide widely used in Venezuela to control the proliferation of the larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), the principal vector of dengue virus. The aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility to temephos of Ae. aegypti in four locations in western Venezuela: Lara, Tres Esquinas, Ureña and Pampanito. Larval bioassays were conducted on samples collected in 2008 and 2010, and the levels of α- and β-esterases, mixed-function oxidases, glutathione-S-transferase and insensitive acethyl cholinesterase were determined. Larval populations from western Venezuela obtained during 2008 and 2010 were found to be susceptible to temephos, with low resistance ratios and without overexpression of enzymes. The low RR values reveal the effectiveness of temephos in controlling the larval populations of Ae. aegypti. Control strategies must be vigorously monitored to maintain the susceptibility to temephos of these populations of Ae. aegypti. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Migração do povo indígena Sateré-Mawé em dois contextos urbanos distintos na Amazônia

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Pery Teixeira

Full Text Available Partindo de informações levantadas em duas pesquisas de campo - uma censitária e outra amostral - referentes a distintas áreas urbanas do estado do Amazonas, este trabalho procura fornecer subsídios para a compreensão da migração indígena com destino urbano na Amazônia, com enfoque principal no povo indígena Sateré-Mawé. Trata-se de um estudo comparativo entre características migratórias dos Sateré-Mawé residentes em Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas, e os que moram nas cidades próximas às terras indígenas de origem daquele povo, no leste do estado. Apesar da semelhança de algumas das características do processo migratório nos dois contextos - motivados pela procura de trabalho e por oportunidades de educação -, observa-se diferenciação na importância dessas causas em cada contexto, além de ocorrerem distinções na faixa etária e na distribuição por sexo dos migrantes.

Simulium (Psaroniocompsa tergospinosum new species (Diptera: Simuliidae in siolii group from the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil

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Neusa Hamada

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The larva, pupa, male and female of Simulium tergospinosum n. sp. are described and illustrated. The adults of this new species share many characters with species in the subgenus Psaroniocompsa, where it is placed. The larva of this species bears dorsal and lateral triangular tubercles on the abdomen and multiply branched scale-like setae on the body, suggesting that it belongs to the S. siolii species group. S. tergospinosum n.sp. was collected along the Juma River, Apuí county, in the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The Juma, a black-water river, is a tributary of the Aripuanã River in the Madeira River hydrographic basin, on the southern part of Amazonas. Females were collected biting humans along the water courses during the sampling period (in the dry season.

Hymenoptera stings in Brazil: a neglected health threat in Amazonas State

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Allyson Guimarães Costa

Full Text Available Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hymenoptera injuries are commonly caused by stinging insects. In Amazonas state, Brazil, there is no information regarding distribution, profile, and systemic manifestations associated with Hymenoptera injuries. METHODS: This study aimed to identify risk factors for systemic manifestation using the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (2007 to 2015. RESULTS: Half of Hymenoptera injuries were caused by bee stings. Hymenoptera injuries were concentrated in Manaus, and 13.36% of cases displayed systemic signs. Delayed medical assistance (4 to 12 hours presented four times more risk for systemic manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Simple clinical observations and history of injury are critical information for prognostic improvement.

Two new Eimeria species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the yellow-crowned Amazon Amazona ochrocephala (Aves: Psittacidae) in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Hofstatter, P G; Kawazoe, U

2011-06-01

In this study, we describe 2 new species of Eimeria associated with the yellow-crowned Amazon Amazona ochrocephala. Eimeria amazonae n. sp. has bilayered, ellipsoidal, and smooth oocysts that measure 48.9 × 36.2 µm; the length/width ratio is 1.35. The micropyle and oocyst residuum are both absent, but the polar granule is present. Ovoidal sporocysts are 22.2 × 11.9 µm. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies and sporocyst residuum are present. The 2 elongate sporozoites are curved and measure 18.1 × 3.4 µm; both have 2 refractile bodies. Eimeria ochrocephalae n. sp. has bilayered, ellipsoidal, and smooth oocysts that measure 43.8 × 27.7 µm; the length/width ratio is 1.58. The micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but the polar granule is present; ovoidal sporocysts are 20.6 × 10.1 µm. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies and sporocyst residuum are present; 2 elongate and curved sporozoites are 15.8 × 3.4 µm, each of which has 2 refractile bodies.

Formas de tierra y clases de pendiente del departamento de Amazonas: informe ejecutivo

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Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales. Dirección General de Estudios y Proyectos

2000-01-01

Muestra la evaluación de las formas de tierra y clases de pendiente de la región sierra del departamento de Amazonas. El objetivo principal es presentar de manera esquemática el conjunto de formas de tierra, clases de pendiente dominante, sus diferencias morfoclimáticas y evolutivas, así como la identificación de las principales acciones erosivas que actualmente puedan significar riesgos a las actividades humanas, o a coadyuvar al deterioro generalizado del medio. El documento ha sido elabora...

The Crisis of Civil-Military Relations in Venezuela: Testing Rational Choice, Cultural, and Institutional Theories

Science.gov (United States)

1999-12-01

universal.com. [10 October 1998], 1. El Universal Digital, " Pobreza Critica in Venezuela," 01 January 1998. Available [Online]:HYPERLINK "http:/www.eud.com...Digital, " Pobreza Critica in Venezuela," 01 January 1998. Available [Online] :HYPERLINK "http:/www.eud.com/Elecciones98" http:/www.el- universal.com

[Zika virus: Another emerging arbovirus in Venezuela?].

Science.gov (United States)

Valero Nereida

2015-09-01

Current health conditions of Venezuela, together with the tropical proliferation of different types of Aedes (aegypti and albopictus), suggest the arrival to this country of ZIKA virus (ZIKV). The Pan American Health Organization urges Latin American countries to take measures to prevent the ZIKV entry and advises that these measures must be designed to detect the introduction of ZIKV in an area, track its spread and actively monitor the disease. In Venezuela and other Latin-American countries, where endemicity is high for other arboviruses such as dengue arid chikungunya, health authorities should strengthen their surveillance systems to detect early and timely introduction of ZIKV ap.d refine diagnostic methods to confirm the infection rate; however, the high incidence of cases due those viral agents reflects weakened and poorly timed insensitive monitoring systems, as well as, poor vector control measures, arising the questions: will this arbovirus pop in our country, will it set as the other as edemicepidemic and lead to alter their clinical behavior and severity of the disease?

[Three phases of homicidal violence in Venezuela].

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Briceño-León, Roberto

2012-12-01

Venezuela was considered one of the least violent countries in Latin America, however by 2010 it was among the countries with the highest homicide rate. This article analyzes the evolution of homicides in Venezuela between 1985 and 2010 and proposes the existence of three stages which correspond to trends in social and political institutions of the country. The first from 1985 to 1993, characterized by the looting of 1989 and the coups d'état of 1992, when for the first time the homicide rate rose from 8 to 20. The second phase from 1994 to 1998 was a recovery period of the institutional and political stability when the homicide rate remained constant at around 20. The third phase began in 1999 with the H Chavez government and the institutional destruction that comes with the Bolivarian revolution and caused an increase in the rate of 20 to 57 homicides per 100 thousand inhabitants. This article argues that the explanation for the changes in the phases is to be found in the transformation of social and political institutions.

Do heavy-handed tactics reduce homicides? The case of Venezuela

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Andrés Antillano

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This article examines the effectiveness of mano dura (heavy-handed policies in reducing homicides by studying the case of Venezuela in the period 2012-2015 and gives particular attention to policies involving police violence. Although firm hand policies involve a set of strategies and discourses that revolve around the crime and the institutional response to it, this paper exclusively addresses police interventions that involve increased coercion and violence as a formula for tackling criminality. Over these years, policies have been tested out in Venezuela that involve greater police violence on the pretext of defeating the high levels of criminal violence. But rather than the expected effects of reducing violence and homicides, both have grown significantly.

Diversidad y abundancia de moluscos de la epifauna en la comunidad sublitoral de Punta Patilla,Venezuela

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Antulio Prieto A

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la diversidad de una comunidad malacológica sublitoral en Punta Patilla, Estado Sucre, Venezuela, desde septiembre 1990 hasta septiembre 1991. Se identificaron 25 especies, 14 bivalvos y 11 gasterópodos. Los parámetros de diversidad total en número de la comunidad fueron H´=3.41 bits/ind., J´=0.74 y 1-D =0.85. Las máximas diversidades mensuales se observaron en marzo 1991 (3.12 bits/ind., junio 1991 (2.88 bits/ind y septiembre 1991 (2.95 bits/ind. y la mínima ocurrió en agosto 1991 (1.20 bits/ind.. Los datos del número de individuos conforman una línea recta ajustada por la serie logarítmica con un índice alfa =4.56 y alfa =3.11 para los de biomasa. Las especies más abundantes fueron Chione cancellata, Antigona listeri, Chione granulata y Arca zebra entre los bivalvos, y Chicoreus brevifrons, Turritella variegata y Phyllonotus pomum entre los gasterópodos, estos presentaron las máximas biomasas individuales. La biomasa total promedio de la comunidad (56.80 g/m² es baja cuando se compara con otros reportes de áreas tropicales. Los moluscos habitaron fondos de grava y arenofangoso cubiertos por praderas de Thalasia testudinumDiversity and abundance of mollusks in the sublittoral epifaunal community of Punta Patilla, Venezuela. The diversity of a sublittoral epifaunal mollusk community of Punta Patilla, Sucre State, Venezuela, was studied from September 1990 to September 1991. We identified 25 species (14 bivalves and 11 gastropods of mollusks that inhabit gravel, soft sand and bottoms covered by Thalassia testudinum.Total diversity indices were H´= 3.42, J´= 0.74 and 1-D = 0.85. Monthly diversity reached its maximum in March 1991 (3.12 bits/ ind., June 1991 (2.88 bits/ind. and September 1991 (2.95 bits/ind.; minimum diversity was recorded in August 1991 (1.20 bits/ind..A log series model showed a diversity index alpha = 4.56 for species abundance data and alpha = 3.11 for biomass data. The more abundant species were

UN MODELO DE EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA PARA VENEZUELA EN EL MARCO DEL SOCIALISMO DEL SIGLO XXI (A UNIVERSITY EDUCATION MODEL FOR VENEZUELA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SOCIALISM OF THE 21ST CENTURY

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Pineda Miguel

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen:El presente ensayo se basa en un análisis de la educación universitaria en el contexto socio-político de la realidad venezolana, en el período referencial es 2007-2013, centrado a partir de la promulgación de la Ley Orgánica de Educación (2009. Este estudio se desarrolló en la Unidad de Investigación de Análisis de Políticas Públicas y Desarrollo Socio-educativo de la Universidad de Carabobo. Tomando como referencias teóricas a E. Morin y J. Habermas, se desarrollan tres categorías presentes en la realidad de Venezuela: el Socialismo del Siglo XXI, el Estado Docente y la Autonomía Universitaria. El tratamiento metodológico parte del planteamiento de la premisa: el Nuevo Modelo de Educación Universitaria que está por construirse, se debe a la crisis del modelo cognitivo instrumental instituido en la Constitución de la República de Venezuela (1961, sus Leyes y Reglamentos. Al triangular las tres categorías se plantea, como valor agregado, concebir la educación a través de un proceso transdisciplinario, sustentado en una primera instancia por el ordenamiento jurídico que le dé concreción y sincronización en el tiempo y el movimiento. En el caso de la educación venezolana, se concluye que no se han producidos cambios significativos que nos indiquen que estamos en presencia de un nuevo modelo de educación. La educación universitaria sigue atada al modelo cognitivo instrumental, impidiendo cualquier cambio que desde su seno se pretenda impulsar, de manera que la nueva Ley de Educación Universitaria y el nuevo modelo de educación siguen diferido.Abstract: This essay is based on an analysis of the higher education in the context socio-political of the Venezuelan reality, in the reference period is 2007-2013, focused the promulgation of the organic law of education (2009. This study was developed in the research unit of analysis of public policies and development partner-education of the University of Carabobo. On

Risk, Activism, and Empowerment: Women’s Breast Cancer in Venezuela

Science.gov (United States)

Eid, Mahmoud; Nahon-Serfaty, Isaac

2016-01-01

The prevalence of breast cancer in Venezuela is particularly alarming, which is attributed to healthcare inequalities, low health literacy, and lagging compliance with prevention methods (i.e., screening and mammography). While the right to health is acknowledged by the Venezuelan constitution, activism beyond governmental confines is required to increase women’s breast cancer awareness and decrease mortality rates. Through the development of social support and strategic communicative methods enacted by healthcare providers, it may be possible to empower women with the tools necessary for breast cancer prevention. This paper discusses issues surrounding women’s breast cancer, such as awareness of the disease and its risks, self-advocacy, and the roles of activists, healthcare providers, and society. Specifically, it describes a four-year action-oriented research project developed in Venezuela, which was a collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include higher levels of awareness and interest among community members and organizations to learn and seek more information about women’s breast cancer, better understandings of the communicated messages, more media coverage and medical consultations, increasing positive patient treatments, expansion of networking of NGOs, as well as a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela. PMID:27868080

Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure and molecular epidemiological analysis in Sucre municipality, Miranda state, Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Patiño, Margareth A; Abadía, Edgar; Solalba Gómez; Maes, Mailis; Muñoz, Mariana; Gómez, Daniela; Guzmán, Patricia; Méndez, María Victoria; Ramirez, Carmen; Mercedes, España; de Waard, Jacobus; Takiff, Howard

2014-12-01

Sucre municipality is a large, densely populated marginal area in the eastern part of Caracas, Venezuela that consistently has more cases of tuberculosis than other municipalities in the country. To identify the neighborhoods in the municipality with the highest prevalence of tuberculosis, and determine whether the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain distribution in this municipality is different from that previously found in the western part of Caracas and the rest of Venezuela, we collected data on all tuberculosis cases in the municipality diagnosed in 2005-6. We performed two separate molecular epidemiological studies, spoligotyping 44 strains in a first study, and spoligotyping 131 strains, followed by MIRU-VNTR 15 on 21 clustered isolates in the second. With spoligotyping, the most common patterns were Shared International Type SIT17 (21%); SIT42 (15%); SIT93 (11%); SIT20 (7%); SIT53 (6%), a distribution similar to other parts of Venezuela, except that SIT42 and SIT20 were more common. MIRU-VNTR 15 showed that six of seven SIT17 strains examined belonged to a large cluster previously found circulating in Venezuela, but all of the SIT42 strains were related to a cluster centered in the neighborhoods of Unión and Maca, with a MIRU-VNTR pattern not previously seen in Venezuela. It appears that a large percentage of the tuberculosis in the Sucre municipality is caused by the active transmission of two strain families centered within distinct neighborhoods, one reflecting communication with the rest of the country, and the other suggesting the insular, isolated nature of some sectors.

Analisis TLC entre Colombia y Estados Unidos: Estados de Virginia y Washington

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Pulecio Leon, Gloria Daniela

2016-01-01

el punto central de esta investigación será identificar las principales fortalezas y oportunidades de las empresas colombianas frente al Tratado de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos, con miras al desarrollo de un proceso de exportación no tradicional e internacionalización, en los estados de Virginia y Washington. Para esto debemos primero reconocer las oportunidades que el mercado colombiano ha aprovechado en los estados de Virginia y Washington, segundo revisar si el tratado de libre ...

Niñez en situación de calle en Venezuela. ¿Un problema público?

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Yudey J. Rodríguez-Mora

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda la problemática que confronta la niñez en situación de calle (NSC en Venezuela, desde una perspectiva teórica de políticas públicas conocida como pragmatismo. El objetivo general consistió en la realización de un diagnóstico situacional sobre el problema en estudio y en la formulación de propuestas orientadas a mejorar su calidad de vida, a partir de la verificación empírica de un modelo de políticas diseñado por Rodríguez (2001. La metodología se fundamentó en la elaboración de un estado del arte (EA y una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL. Esto permitió verificar un conjunto de causas comunes al problema así como la inexistencia de políticas públicas nacionales, estadísticas oficiales, sistemas de seguimiento y evaluación y bases de datos con información sobre la población afectada y las distintas instituciones que trabajan en el área; todo ello indispensable en el proceso de toma de decisiones y elaboración de políticas públicas. La existencia de NSC constituye un problema público que requiere el diseño inmediato de políticas públicas efectivas, eficientes y eficaces por parte del Estado venezolano. Éstas deben ser producto de un estudio amplio e incluyente en el que se considere no sólo la participación, el aporte y la experiencia acumulada por diversas instituciones públicas y privadas que han trabajado en el área, sino también la de los niños, niñas y adolescentes con experiencia de vida en la calle.

Health and Reproductive Assessment of Selected Puerto Rican Parrots ( Amazona vittata ) in Captivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Clubb, Susan; Velez, Jafet; Garner, Michael M; Zaias, Julia; Cray, Carolyn

2015-12-01

The Puerto Rican parrot ( Amazona vittata ) has become an iconic and high-profile conservation species. The cornerstone of the recovery plan for this critically endangered species is an active captive breeding program, management of the wild population, and a long-term reintroduction program. In 2002, 40 adult Puerto Rican parrots that had not produced viable offspring were selected for reproductive assessment at 2 aviary populations in Puerto Rico (Iguaca and Río Abajo), which are the only sources of parrots for release. The goal was to enhance reproductive potential and produce productive pairings in an attempt to augment the population growth and provide ample individuals for reintroduction. Seven Hispanolian Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) that were used as surrogate parents for the Puerto Rican parrots were also included in the study. This assessment included physical examination, endoscopic evaluation, hematologic and plasma biochemical profiles, viral screening, and hormonal assays. Results of general physical examination and hematologic and plasma biochemical testing revealed overall good health and condition of this subset of the population of Puerto Rican parrots; no major infectious diseases were found. Endoscopic examination also revealed overall good health and condition, especially of females. The apparent low fertility of male birds warrants further investigation. The findings helped to define causes of reproductive failure in the selected pairs and individual birds. New pairings resulting from the assessment helped to augment reproduction of this critically endangered species.

Heavy metals in sediments,mussels and oysters from Trinidad and Venezuela

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L Rojas de Astudillo

2005-05-01

Full Text Available The Gulf of Paria is bordered by both Trinidad and Venezuela,from which various metallic pollutants and other contaminants can originate.The Gulf is still a significant source of fish,crabs and shellfish for human consumption to both countries,where concerns over the quality of this marine environment have been long expressed but never properly addressed.In addition,the circulatory current patterns in the Gulf ensure that contaminants originating from either country are likely to affect both countries eventually.Heavy metals were determined in oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae and C.virginica ,green mussels (Perna viridis and sediments from the Gulf of Paria.Samples were obtained at four sites in Trinidad and three sites in Venezuela in the Gulf of Paria,in addition to comparative samples collected from three sites on the north coast of Venezuela.Edible tissues of twelve shellfish from each location were blended and aliquots digested with concentrated nitric acid, for extraction of cadmium,chromium,copper,lead,nickel and zinc.The solutions were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy.Mercury was extracted with a mixture of nitric,hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and determined by cold vapour atomic absorption.Sediments were oven-dried at 60°C, before being similarly extracted.Results showed that mercury in sediments at all sites in Trinidad and Venezuela exceeded NOAA and Canadian sediment quality guidelines,while cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc also exceeded these guidelines at several sites.Heavy metal levels in oysters and green mussels varied widely with location. However,oysters from the Gulf of Paria contained significantly higher mean levels of cadmium,copper,nickel and zinc than those from the north coast of Venezuela, but this difference was not apparent in mussels.Cadmium, mercury and zinc in sediments were significantly correlated with those of mussels,but not of oysters,in which copper and zinc at several sites in the

Proyecto Vidas paralelas indígena: revelando el pueblo Piratapuia / Waíkhana del Amazonas, Brasil.

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Evelyn NERY

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Este relato de experiencia se refiere al grupo étnico Piratapuia o Waíkhana, que habita el noroccidente del Estado del Amazonas en el Brasil. En este caso, se aborda más especificamente el componente de ese grupo étnico residiendo en el municipio de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro. Se relata la historia del pueblo Saúde Indígena Tempus - Actas de Saúde Coletiva Revista Tempus Actas de Saúde Coletiva 80 Piratapuia más especificamente al componente de ese grupo étnico, en el municipio de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro. Se relata la historia del grupo étnico haciendo énfasis en su migración a partir del Alto Rio Negro para el curso medio del mismo, la influência de la misión saleciana y de la invasión de los buscadores de oro (garimpeiros, así como la convivencia con otras etnias (tukano y yanomami, entre otras. Son mostrados también detalles de la organización social que incluye la estrutura de clanes con sus jerarquías. Se describen las distintas asociaciones indígenas de la región que consiguieron forjar una conciencia en la población del municipío, en donde actualmente 90,0% se asume como perteneciente a grupos étnicos indígenas. Con respecto a la cultura, se detacan las prácticas de cura y auto-cuidado proporcionadas por los “benzederos”. La estructura de sanidad pertenece al polo de Sta. Isabel, con un hospital y una unidad básica de salud, siendo que el Distrito Especial Indígena de Salud fue ampliado para garantizar la cobertura al medio Rio Negro. Sin embargo, se señalan las dificultades generadas por las enormes distancias de desplazamiento.

Household energy use in urban Venezuela: Implications from surveys in Maracaibo, Valencia, Merida, and Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figueroa, M.J.; Sathaye, J.

1993-08-01

This report identifies the most important results of a comparative analysis of household commercial energy use in Venezuelan urban cities. The use of modern fuels is widespread among all cities. Cooking consumes the largest share of urban household energy use. The survey documents no use of biomass and a negligible use of kerosene for cooking. LPG, natural gas, and kerosene are the main fuels available. LPG is the fuel choice of low-income households in all cities except Maracaibo, where 40% of all households use natural gas. Electricity consumption in Venezuela`s urban households is remarkably high compared with the levels used in households in comparable Latin American countries and in households of industrialized nations which confront harsher climatic conditions and, therefore, use electricity for water and space heating. The penetration of appliances in Venezuela`s urban households is very high. The appliances available on the market are inefficient, and there are inefficient patterns of energy use among the population. Climate conditions and the urban built form all play important roles in determining the high level of energy consumption in Venezuelan urban households. It is important to acknowledge the opportunities for introducing energy efficiency and conservation in Venezuela`s residential sector, particularly given current economic and financial constraints, which may hamper the future provision of energy services.

Dispersión de la rana toro, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw 1802 (Anura: Ranidae, en el estado Mérida, Venezuela, entre 2005-2013 | Dispersal of bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw 1802 (Anura: Ranidae in Mérida state, Venezuela, between 2005 and 2013

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Francisco Nava-González

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, is one of the one hundred worst invasive species in the world. Its introduction into the Venezuelan Andes is worrying due to the large number of endemic species that could be affected by its presence. We examined the dispersal of Lithobates catesbeianus in western Venezuela to identify the areas where follow-up and control are a priority to avoid further invasion. Based on data on absence and presence of the bullfrog, we updated its distribution and compared it to records from 2005 (46.001 km2 and 2010 (53.502 km2. The area invaded by 2013 was 76.417 km2, 1.6 times the distribution in 2005, growing at a rate of 3,041 km2 per year. Factors such as inclination of the terrain, presence of forests and bodies of fast moving water could be acting as barriers to further dispersal. Taking into account that the distribution of this species in Venezuela by 2013 was limited to the basins of the rivers Capazón, Las González and Quebrada La Sucia in Mérida state; the regions at the greatest risk of being invaded due to natural dispersal are downriver from these bodies of water. However, the risk of invasion exists due to human introduction in nearby areas similar to those currently inhabitedby the bullfrog. Our recommendations are the conservation and reforestation of forests in the area, the creation of early warning protocols for the areas at greatest risk of invasion, and the continuation of measures prohibiting the transportation of bullfrogs outside of their current distribution.

Strategi Venezuela Menyepakati ALBA dalam Menghadapi Ekspansi Perdagangan Amerika Serikat Dikawasan Amerika Latin

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Pahlawan, Indra; Wahyu, Septian

2014-01-01

In 2004 Venezuela and Cuba have agreed on a regional collaboration in latin america called Alternative Bolivarian Para las Americas an abbreviated ALBA. This collaboration is formed as a resistance facing U.S. trade expansion to bring a mission neoliberalism. With the formation of ALBA, Venezuela is the regional co-operation leaders make strategic measures to face Neoliberalism. In 2010 ALBA has had a total of 10 member countries. As counter hegemony, ALBA also worked in three space. In the s...

PREVALENCIA DE Strongyloides stercoralis Y OTROS PARÁSITOS INTESTINALES EN INDIGENTES ALCOHÓLICOS DE CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, ESTADO BOLÍVAR, VENEZUELA | PREVALENCE OF Strongyloides stercoralis AND OTHER INTESTINAL PARASITES IN ALCOHOLIC HOMELESS FROM CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, BOLÍVAR STATE, VENEZUELA

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Rodolfo Devera

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Between may and july 2010 a study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in alcoholic homeless who attend two Alcoholics Anonymous Centers in Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar State, Venezuela. Eighty stool samples were collected, which were analyzed using the techniques of direct examination, Kato, micro-Baermann, Rugai and agar plate culture. An estimate of 61.3% of the evaluated population was parasitized. The intestinal parasite most prevalent was the chromist Blastocystis (33.8%. Among the protozoan, the most common was Endolimax nana (21.3% and among the helminths it was Strongyloides stercoralis (12.5%.

Analisis Penerapan Kebijakan Ekonomi Sosialis Venezuela Pada Masa Pemerintahan Hugo Chavez Menghadapi Imperialisme Ekonomi Amerika Serikat Tahun 1998-2013

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Razali, Rino

2014-01-01

This describes through analysis of the literature study on the application of the socialist economy in Venezuela when leadership of Hugo Chavvez. This Research intended to analyse the application of Venezuela socialist economic policies when the leadreship of Hugo Chavez to face the Economic imperialism by United States of America in 1998-2013. It is because the US economic imperialism was very detrimental to the people of Venezuela.Keywords: policy, bolivarianisme, economics.

Doing Business Economy Profile 2015 : Venezuela, RB

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World Bank Group

2014-01-01

This economy profile for Doing Business 2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Venezuela RB. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain ...

La firmeza del personal cubano de la salud en Venezuela. Nuestra opinión

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José Suárez Lezcano

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La situación política y social en la hermana República Bolivariana de Venezuela en estos días es tensa. La oposición, encabezada por Henrique Capriles, se niega a reconocer el triunfo en las urnas del candidato socialista Nicolás Maduro. Capriles ha llamado a sus seguidores, de forma solapada, a no reconocer la victoria de Maduro, y ha estimulado actos de violencia en todo el país. Algunos centros médicos donde trabajan colaboradores cubanos no han escapado de esa violencia. Nuestros colaboradores, sin embargo, han seguido cumpliendo con su deber, por la razón que los llevó a la tierra de Bolívar: “atender a cada ciudadano venezolano que requiera de sus servicios, independientemente de la filiación política, clase social, u otras consideraciones,” como dijo al periódico Granma el viceministro cubano de Salud, Dr. Roberto González Martín. Pero nuestros hermanos cubanos no han estado solos. Se ha desarrollado un movimiento voluntario, espontáneo de protección entre los venezolanos, como muestra del cariño y respeto que se han ganado los profesionales cubanos entre los pobladores de los barrios populares. Se sabe, los venezolanos saben, que la presencia de los médicos, enfermeras y técnicos cubanos se debe únicamente  a dos nobles objetivos, el de brindar atención médica a todo el que lo necesite y el contribuir a la formación de médicos venezolanos, que ya en cifra de cerca de 15 mil se han graduado con la ayuda de los profesionales cubanos. Actualmente Cuba mantiene en Venezuela cerca de  45 mil colaboradores que brindan asistencia en las áreas de medicina, deportes, cultura, construcción, agricultura y otras, como parte de los programas de colaboración, impulsados por el fallecido Comandante presidente Hugo Chávez. Somos cubanos y conocemos bien el espíritu de nuestros compatriotas. El pueblo venezolano puede tener la certeza que nuestros profesionales de la salud estarán firmes, junto a ellos, mientras el

Coletar ou Cultivar: as escolhas dos produtores de açaí-da-mata (Euterpe precatoria do Amazonas

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Jan Feldmann Martinot

Full Text Available Resumo: A crescente demanda de mercado por produtos florestais não madeireiros oferece uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento econômico que poderia aliar a inclusão social produtiva de agricultores familiares com a conservação dos ecossistemas florestais. No entanto, o aumento da produção poderá significar a substituição do manejo extrativo das florestas pelo monocultivo, anulando seus efeitos positivos quanto à conservação das florestas. Buscou-se identificar os fatores determinantes que levam os agricultores familiares tradicionais do baixo rio Manacapuru a se engajarem na atividade extrativista ou de cultivo do açaí-da-mata (Euterpe precatória, a espécie nativa do estado do Amazonas. Dado que a coleta extrativa dos frutos é feita mediante a escala das árvores, a decisão de produção parece depender principalmente da oferta de mão de obra masculina jovem, de trabalhadores com a habilidade e força física para realizar essa tarefa. Já a decisão de cultivo pode estar associada à maior disponibilidade de capital financeiro que as famílias obtêm da renda das atividades agrícolas. As famílias que cultivam o açaí mantiveram a prática de coleta extrativa, indicando que o plantio de pequenas áreas de cultivos consorciados representa uma estratégia de aumento da produção sem que necessariamente haja a completa substituição do extrativismo pelo cultivo da espécie.

Encontro do Plasmodium (S tropiduri no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Find of Plasmodium (S tropiduri in the State of S. Paulo, Brazil

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Eduardo Olavo da Rocha e Silva

1974-06-01

Full Text Available Relata-se o encontro, pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo - Brasil, de lagartos do gênero Tropidurus, parasitados pelo Plasmodium (S tropiduri, mencionando alguns dos achados anteriores do parasito em outras áreas do país e na Venezuela. São salientadas as baixas parasitemias encontradas e a semelhança morfológica das formas estudadas com a descrição do parasita feita por Aragão e Neiva. São mostradas ainda as dificuldades no achado das formas exoeritrocíticas encontradas no trombócitos. Assinala-se o encontro em baixa densidade, do A. (N evansae e A. (N. argyritarsis, numa das áreas estudadas.The find, for the first time in the state of São Paulo - Brasil, a parasite, the Plasmodium (S. tropiduri in lizards of genus Tropidurus is described. Initially it was related this parasite found, by other authors, in another areas of the Brasil and Venezuela. As far as the parasitology itself is concerned, the low parasite density encountered and the simular morfology as it was studied by Aragão et Neiva are reported. There remain the difficulties encountered in the discovery of exoeritrocitic forms in trombocytes. In entomological research, finding in low density, of the A. (N. evansae and the A. (N. argyritarsis is reported.

[Seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in Canis familiaris, state of Sucre, Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Berrizbeitia, Mariolga; Concepción, Juan Luis; Carzola, Valentina; Rodríguez, Jéssicca; Cáceres, Ana; Quiñones, Wilfredo

2013-01-01

Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans has been extensively studied in Venezuela; however, in reservoirs it has been less investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of T. cruzi in the state of Sucre, Venezuela. A cross-sectional and prospective study conducted in 95 towns and 577 dwellings in the 15 municipalies of the state of Sucre, Venezuela, from August to November, 2008. The evaluation of serum samples was performed with the CruziELISA kit and the multiple antigens binding assays (MABA). Furthermore, epidemiological surveys were applied to evaluate the risk factors. A total of dogs (average age of 2, 6 + 2.2 years, 226 males and 137 females) was evaluated. The combination of the ELISA / MABA tests detected 78 positive sera, sixty-nine negative and 10 of inconclusive results. The seroprevalence of the T. cruzi infection in dogs in the state of Sucre, was 22.1% (CI 95%: 20.58-22.4%). No significant statistic association was found between the T. cruzi infection in dogs and the evaluated epidemiological variables: hunting dogs that slept oudoors roaming freely in the populated center, sex of the animal and eating habits. The T. cruzi infection was associated to the age of canines, being significantly higher in the group of 0 to 3 years, when compared with older dogs. The high T. cruzi seroprevalence dected in dogs shows that in this región of Venezuela there prevails an important risk factor of transmissibility of this parasite to human populations.

Neotropical genera of Naucoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha): new species of Placomerus and Procryphocricos from Guyana and Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Sites, Robert W; Camacho, Jesús

2014-01-09

The Neotropical fauna of saucer bugs (Naucoridae) currently includes four monotypic genera. Recent extensive collecting in Venezuela has produced three new species in two of these genera. In addition, undetermined Guyanan specimens of one of the new species were found in the United States National Museum of Natural History. Thus, described here are Placomerus obscuratus n. sp. from Guyana and Venezuela with brachypterous and macropterous hindwing forms, and two species of Procryphocricos from Venezuela. Procryphocricos quiu n. sp. is described from the brachypterous forewing form and Procryphocricos macoita n. sp. from both brachypterous and macropterous forms. Previously described species also are discussed.

Análisis de las características físicas y químicas del fruto de mango (Mangifera indica L. “Bocado” de tres localidades del Estado Cojedes, Venezuela

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Elba Milagros Garrido

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El mango Bocado es un fruto subutilizado a escala industrial, a pesar de que en el país posee una elevada productividad. Su aprovechamiento se ha limitado al desarrollo de productos artesanales, como jaleas, mermeladas, licores, encurtidos de mango verde y pulpa concentrada. En este trabajo se analizaron las variables físicas y químicas del mango Bocado de tres localidades del Estado Cojedes (El Genareño, Caño Hondo y La Palma para indagar diferencias sobre variables de proceso, calidad nutricional y cumplimiento de normativas internacionales y nacionales. Los frutos fueron recolectados por los productores, y procesados en el Laboratorio de Ingeniería y Tecnología de Alimentos de la Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora (Cojedes, Venezuela. A los frutos de las localidades se les determinó la masa total del fruto, del epicarpio, de la semilla y del mesocarpio, el diámetro ecuatorial y polar, y las proporciones (% de las diferentes partes del fruto. Se realizaron análisis de humedad, fibra dietética, cenizas, minerales Ca, Fe, Na, K, Mg y Zn, sólidos solubles totales, acidez total titulable, pH, ácido ascórbico y actividad de agua. La diferencia entre las variables se calculó mediante un análisis de varianza y prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey, a un nivel de significancia de 5 %, así como también por análisis discriminante. Las características físicas de los frutos de las localidades de El Genareño y Caño Hondo, no pudieron ser discriminadas entre sí, pero se diferenciaron ambas de los frutos del sector La Palma. Los frutos de El Genareño presentaron porcentajes de pulpa > 65 y mayores concentraciones de potasio y ácido ascórbico, por lo que los mangos Bocado de esta localidad ofrecieron mayor beneficio para procesamiento y mejor calidad nutricional.

Confluencias de las dinámicas socioterritoriales en la construcción de una nueva geopolítica. Escenas al sur de Venezuela

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Becker Sánchez

2014-10-01

Full Text Available En Venezuela, se han configurado nuevas estructuras territoriales que coexisten con los límites administrativos (parroquia, municipio, Estado y regiones propios del modelo de desarrollo de los años 1960. Esta visión sufre una transformación con la refundación del Estado en 1999 con el llamado ‘Modelo socialista de Chávez’, con procesos sociopolíticos y dinámicas territoriales que dan origen a una nueva geopolítica, elementos que analizaremos con estudios múltiples en la Región Guayana al sur del país. Entre ellos, una región hidrográfica, un territorio indígena y los territorios comunales. Se rescatan de estas experiencias: la confluencia de intencionalidades compartidas para emprender acciones colectivas, pese a las distintas configuraciones e interpretaciones del territorio para sus actores, y la existencia de una vinculación territorial compleja y superpuesta cuando se mira en su conjunto. En el artículo, se aborda la construcción y definición del espacio territorial como la resultante de las interacciones dinámicas que se dan entre las dimensiones institucionales, comunitarias y naturales. Pensamos que esto les permite a los múltiples actores (comunitarios, técnicos, científicos y políticos el aprendizaje, la adaptación y la coordinación para la actual lógica territorial.

Urban outbreak of acute orally acquired Chagas disease in Táchira, Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Benítez, Jesús A.; Araujo, Benjamín; Contreras, Krisell; Rivas, Marianela; Ramírez, Pedro; Guerra, Watermo; Calderón, Noél; Terren, Carlo Ascaso; Barrera, Reggie; Rodríguez Morales, Alfonso Javier

2013-01-01

Aguda por vía oral adquirió la enfermedad de Chagas (AOACD) se ha convertido en una amenaza importante en algunos países de América del Sur [1,2]. Hasta marzo de 2013, al menos cuatro han reportado brotes de la enfermedad de Chagas aguda adquirida por vía oral, en concreto Brasil [3], Venezuela [4], Colombia [5] y Bolivia [6]. Los brotes también se están produciendo probablemente en Argentina y Ecuador, según algunos informes antiguos [2]. En Venezuela, ha habido por lo menos tres informes ep...

Curvas de car?ncias nutricionais em adultos quilombolas de ?reas ribeirinhas do baixo Amazonas

OpenAIRE

Silva, Lu?sa Margareth Carneiro da

2013-01-01

INTRODU??O: A Pol?tica Nacional de Alimenta??o e Nutri??o 2012 assegura: A alimenta??o e nutri??o constituem requisitos b?sicos para a promo??o e a prote??o da sa?de, possibilitando a afirma??o plena do potencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento humano, com qualidade de vida e cidadania . OBJETIVO: Elaborar curvas de car?ncias nutricionais atrav?s da investiga??o das tend?ncias de consumo, padr?o alimentar e nutricional de adultos quilombolas de ?reas ribeirinhas do Baixo Amazonas no Munic?p...

Indice de la microflora marina de Venezuela: diatomeas, dinoflagelados y cocolitofóridos

OpenAIRE

Díaz-Ramos, José Rafael

2000-01-01

Los estudios sobre el fitoplancton marino de Venezuela han sido realizados de manera regular desde mediados del siglo XX. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ha realizado un compendio de las especies encontradas que sirva como marco de referencia a los trabajos taxonómicos. En este trabajo se presenta por primera vez un índice de la microflora marina de Venezuela. El índice incluye sólo las diatomeas (89 especies céntricas y 186 especies pennadas), los dinoflagelados (ocho especies atecadas y 154 ...

Um estudo sobre renúncia tributária e os benefícios gerados pela Zona Franca de Manaus

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Romina Batista de Lucena de Souza

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar se a criação da Zona Franca de Manaustrouxe benefícios líquidos positivos para a economia de Manaus e, em certa medida,para o Estado do Amazonas. No referencial teórico utilizou-se a teoria dos polos, ateoria da base e indicadores socioeconômicos. Abordaram-se diversos aspectos daZona Franca de Manaus, como legislação, evolução histórica, resultados edificuldades. Focou-se a arrecadação tributária Federal e Estadual no Amazonas e adesoneração tributária do Governo Federal. A pesquisa caracteriza-se comoexploratória, descritiva e explicativa. Os procedimentos técnicos utilizados foram apesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelos sites daSuframa e da Receita Federal. Os resultados indicam que as desoneraçõestributárias foram expressivas, mas menores daquelas concedidas no Sul e noSudeste; apesar disso, a arrecadação tributária no Estado do Amazonas é elevada eos custos para a sociedade desses incentivos foram menores do que os benefíciosgerados pela Zona Franca e pelo polo industrial de Manaus.Abstract This paper aims to determine whether the creation of the Free Zone of Manausbrought positive benefits to the economy of Manaus and, to some extent, for theState of Amazonas. In the theoretical reference was used the theory of the poles, thetheory of the basic and socioeconomic indicators. It addressed to various aspects ofthe Free Zone of Manaus, as legislation, historical evolution, results and difficulties. Itfocused on the Federal and State tax collection in Amazonas and tax relief in FederalGovernment. The research is characterized as exploratory, descriptive andexplanatory. The technical procedures used were the bibliographic and documentaryresearch. The data collection was performed by sites of Suframa and the ReceitaFederal. The results indicate that the tax reliefs were significant, but smaller thosegranted in South and Southeast; nevertheless

U-Pbdating on detrital zircon and Nd and Hf isotopes related to the provenance of siliciclastic rocks of the Amazon Basin: Implications for the origin of Proto-Amazonas River

Science.gov (United States)

Dantas, Elton Luiz; Silva Souza, Valmir; Nogueira, Afonso C. R.; Ventura Santos, Roberto; Poitrasson, Franck; Vieira Cruz, Lucieth; Mendes Conceição, Anderson

2014-05-01

Previous provenance studies along the Amazonas river have demonstrated that the Amazon drainage basin has been reorganized since the Late Cretaceous with the uplift of the Andes and the establishment of the transcontinental Amazon fluvial system from Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene (Hoorn et al., 1995; Potter, 1997, Wesselingh et al., 2002; Figueiredo et al. 2009, Campbell et al., 2006, Nogueira et al. 2013).There is a lack of data from Eastern and Central Amazonia and only limited core data from the Continental Platform near to current Amazonas river mouth. Central Amazonia is strategic to unveil the origin of Amazonas River because it represents the region where the connection of the Solimões and Amazonas basin can be studied through time (Nogueira et al. 2013). Also, there is a shortage of information on the old Precambrian and Paleozoic sediment sources relative to Cretaceous and Miocene siliciclastic deposits of the Solimões and Amazonas basins. We collected stratigraphic data, detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Nd and Hf isotopes from Precambrian, Paleozoic, Cretaceous and Miocene siliciclastic deposits of the Northwestern border of Amazonas Basin. They are exposed in the Presidente Figueiredo region and in the scarps of Amazon River, and occur to the east of the Purus Arch. This Northwest-Southeast trending structural feature that divides the Solimões and Amazonas basin was active at various times since the Paleozoic. Detrital zircon ages for the Neoproterozoic Prosperança Formation yielded a complex signature, with different populations of Neoproterozoic (550, 630 and 800 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic to Archean sources (1.6, 2.1 and 2.6 Ga). Also Nd and Hf isotopes show two groups of TDM model ages between 1.4 to 1.53 Ga and 2.2 and 3.1 Ga. Sediments typical of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Nhamundá and Manacapuru Formations revealed NdTDM model ages of 1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 Ga, but Hf isotopes and U-Pb zircon ages are more varied. They characterize a

Use of nuclear techniques in agriculture in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramirez C, R.

1984-01-01

The agricultural activites being carried out so far in Venezuela are described. Failures and lessons learned from the induced mutation programme (sorghum and ajonjoli) are emphasized. Some of the results obtained with the use of isotopes in biological investigations with dairy and beef cattle and sheep are related. (M.A.C.) [pt

Valgevenest Iraanini : Venezuela liider koob USA-vastas ühisrinnet / Krister Paris

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paris, Krister, 1977-

2006-01-01

Venezuela president Hugo Chavez külastab mitmeid Ameerika Ühendriikidele probleemseid riike. Kohtumine Valgevene presidendi Aleksandr Lukashenkoga, eelseisvast visiidist Venemaale. Lisa: Chavez tahab julgeolekunõukogusse

Venezuela tõusis presidendi sotsialismikursi vastu üles / Krister Paris

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paris, Krister, 1977-

2007-01-01

Venezuelas toimunud rahvahääletusel lükati tagasi president Hugo Chavezi ettepanekud, mis puudutasid põhiseaduse muutmist. President peab seda vaid ajutiseks tagasilöögiks. Lisa: Tudengid ja meedia riigipea vastu

Atención primaria y trastornos por consumo de alcohol: evaluación de un programa de formación del profesorado en Venezuela

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Gaskin de Urdaneta Alvia

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. La atención primaria proporciona la oportunidad de identificar y tratar a personas cuyo consumo de alcohol se encuentra por encima de los niveles permisibles. Con el fin de preparar a los médicos de atención primaria de todo el mundo para prevenir y tratar los problemas relacionados con el alcohol, el Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y el Alcoholismo (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: NIAAA de los Estados Unidos de América (EE. UU. ha creado y probado un Programa Internacional de Educación Médica sobre el Alcohol, destinado a aumentar las aptitudes clínicas, educativas e investigadoras del profesorado de las facultades de medicina que trabaja con los estudiantes universitarios, los residentes y los médicos de atención primaria. Venezuela fue uno de los países seleccionados para la puesta en marcha de esta iniciativa. Métodos. Durante 5 días del mes de septiembre de 1999 se realizó en la Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela, un curso de formación del profesorado que consistió en 19 talleres. Los métodos de enseñanza fueron clases, representaciones demostrativas, presentaciones de casos, talleres de desarrollo de aptitudes y la creación de un plan educativo por cada uno de los participantes. Resultados. En el proyecto participaron 33 profesores de nueve de las 10 escuelas de medicina en Venezuela: 18 mujeres y 15 hombres con un promedio de 44 años, 9 de ellos con formación en medicina de familia, 7 en psiquiatría, 6 en pediatría, 4 en obstetricia, 3 en medicina interna, y 4 en especialidades no especificadas. El 76% de los participantes completaron una entrevista 6 meses más tarde. Este grupo refirió que su competencia en 14 áreas clínicas había aumentado de forma significativa y que había emprendido con buenos resultados nuevas actividades curriculares en sus respectivas facultades de medicina y programas de residencia. Conclusiones. Este modelo demostró ser eficaz para

De los estados fallidos

OpenAIRE

Ruiz Medrano, Salvador Francisco

2011-01-01

Al presente, desde distintas perspectivas, los Estados fallidos parecieran ser una clasificación más de los Estados en general. Este artículo constituye un intento por revisar dicho concepto, que en nuestros días, últimamente, a cobrando nueva relevancia. La tarea se emprende desde el concepto que el derecho internacional da a los Estados fallidos. Luego se analizan las características políticas del mismo, a través del Índice de Política Exterior y Fondo para la Paz de los...

Mortality by suicide: a focus on municipalities with a high proportion of self-reported indigenous people in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

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Jesem Douglas Yamall Orellana

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Objective: To analyze mortality rates and to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of suicides recorded in the state of Amazonas. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study has been carried out with emphasis on municipalities, which have shown, simultaneously, a high mortality rates and a high proportion of self-reported indigenous population, based on 2005 - 2009 data as provided by the Informatics Department of the Unified National Health System. Results: Among the general population of the state of Amazonas, the mortality rate, by suicide, of 4.2/100.000 inhabitants has been reported, similar to that of Manaus (4.6/100.000 inhabitants. In contrast, at Tabatinga (25.2/100.000 inhabitants, at São Gabriel da Cachoeira (27.6/100.000 inhabitants and at Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (36.4/100.000 inhabitants, municipalities, where the proportion of self-reported indigenous population is high, besides the taxes being notably higher, it was observed that most of the suicides has occurred among men; among young men aged between 15 - 24 years; at home; by hanging; during "weekend" and among the indigenous population. Discussion: Our findings have unveiled that suicide comes forth as a serious public health issue in some municipalities in the state of Amazonas, further indicating that the event occurs within very specific contexts, and that the dimension and the magnitude of the problem can be even more serious among populations or in territories exclusively inhabited by indigenous people.

[Need and demand of kidneys for transplantation in Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Milanés, C L; Bellorín-Font, E; Weisinger, J; Pernalete, N; Urbina, D; Paz-Martínez, V

1993-01-01

The number of cadaveric kidneys available for transplantation has become insufficient around the world. Despite concerted efforts, we have been unsuccessful in greatly improve the supply of organ donors, and consequently the number of end stage renal failure patients awaiting for kidney transplantation continues to increase. The primary objective of this paper is to quantify the need and supply of kidneys for transplant in Venezuela. An overview of the current level of kidney transplant activity in Venezuela is presented, observing that the activity with cadaveric donors had been predominant since 1983, although not to an optimal level. The annual activity in kidney transplant between 1989-1991 remained stable in 6 transplants/million people, but went sharply down to 4.6 in 1992. An estimate of the current need is around 10 donors/million people. This is in contrast with an effective donation rate of only 2.01 and 1.92 donors/million achieved in 1990 and 1991 respectively. The most frequent cause for no donation was the lack of familiar consent. Based on an analysis of the factors involved in the shortage of donor supply in Venezuela, we present some recommendations to increase the availability of cadaveric organ donors in the country. These measures include an improvement of education and legal regulation in the field of organ donation and transplantation, and following the Spanish model, the creation of a program of hospital transplant coordinators that can detect and evaluate potential organ donors as well as coordinate the logistical aspects of transplantation.

Psittacanthus corderoi, a new species of Loranthaceae from the colombia Amazonia

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Favio González

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Psittacanthus corderoi F. González, F. J. Roldán & Pabón-Mora, a species from the department of Amazonas, Colombia, is here described and illustrated for the first time. The new species is similar to P. lasianthus Sandwith, from Guyana and Venezuela, but it differs by various vegetative and floral traits. The most conspicuous diagnostic trait is the presence of numerous laciniae to 2 mm long on the outer surface of the petals, a trait unique in the genus.

[Control, elimination and eradication of viral immuno preventable diseases in Venezuela].

Science.gov (United States)

Valero, Nereida; Maldonado, Mery

2005-09-01

Vaccination has demonstrated the capacity for the drastic decrease of the prevalence and incidence of several diseases of viral etiology and it has allowed their eradication. Among these human immuno preventable diseases are included poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, chicken pox, rubella, hepatitis A and B, influenza A and yellow fever. In residents, travelers to endemic areas and personal at risk, the vaccines to Japanese and equine encephalitis, rabies and adenovirus can be applied. Venezuela has not escaped from the positive impact in the epidemiology of these illnesses as a consequence of the organization and implementation of big national vaccination campaigns; however, and in spite of these efforts, important outbreaks of measles, yellow fever, chicken pox and hepatitis have occurred in the last few years. The tools to eliminate the majority of these viral diseases exist in Venezuela as well as in other countries, and are readily available, effective and relatively not expensive, but require on the whole of an effort of authorities and communities. The implementation of these strategies should have the support of the World Health Organization and the Panamerican Health Organization. This is a priority for the next few years if our aim is the eradication of these illnesses from Venezuela, the continent and the world.

Natural gas as an integrating element for Latin America - An opportunity for Venezuela?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez Cruz, Diego

2010-09-15

Summary This paper offers an analysis of the natural gas situation in Latin America, from Mexico to Argentina, including countries of the Caribbean; analyzes the attitude of potential buyers of this energy source and the possibilities of each country receiving natural gas from Venezuela based on its reserves and production, highlighting the most outstanding projects being undertaken in some of those countries; makes recommendations in the area of energy, with emphasis on natural gas; and, lastly, presents an epilog describing Venezuela's role in an integration process in Latin America.

Report about star fruit fruits damaged by Amazona albifrons Sparman, in Tabasco, Mexico.

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Saúl Sánchez-Soto

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine, the animal species causing damage to inmature fruits of Averrhoa carambola, in a home garden. The study was conducted in a home garden with two star fruit trees in Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico (18°00’10.9’’ N, 93°25’52.2’’ W. The loss of fruits was registered from June 21st to August 2nd, 2015 based on weekly evaluations. 12 637 fruits were toppled by the bird Amazona albifrons Sparman (Psitaciformes: Psittacidae, which is distributed from Mexico to Costa Rica.

Heavy metals in sediments, mussels and oysters from Trinidad and Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas Astudillo, L. de; Chang Yen, I.; Bekele, I.

2005-01-01

The Gulf of Paria is bordered by both Trinidad and Venezuela, from which various metallic pollutants and other contaminants can originate. The Gulf is still a significant source of fish, crabs and shellfish for human consumption to both countries, where concerns over the quality of this marine environment have been long expressed but never properly addressed. In addition, the circulatory current patterns in the Gulf ensure that contaminants originating from either country are likely to affect both countries eventually. Heavy metals were determined in oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae and C. virginica), green mussels (Perna viridis) and sediments from the Gulf of Paria. Samples were obtained at four sites in Trinidad and three sites in Venezuela in the Gulf of Paria, in addition to comparative samples collected from three sites on the north coast of Venezuela. Edible tissues of twelve shellfish from each location were blended and aliquots digested with concentrated nitric acid, for extraction of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The solutions were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mercury was extracted with a mixture of nitric, hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and determined by cold vapour atomic absorption. Sediments were oven-dried at 60 0 C, before being similarly extracted. Results showed that mercury in sediments at all sites in Trinidad and Venezuela exceeded NOAA and Canadian sediment quality guidelines, while cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc also exceeded these guidelines at several sites. Heavy metal levels in oysters and green mussels varied widely with location. However, oysters from the Gulf of Paria contained significantly higher mean levels of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc than those from the north coast of Venezuela, but this difference was not apparent in mussels. Cadmium, mercury and zinc in sediments were significantly correlated with those of mussels, but not of oysters, in which copper and zinc at several

[Culicidae insect fauna from rural zone in Amazonas State with incidence of sylvatic yellow fever].

Science.gov (United States)

Fé, Nelson Ferreira; Barbosa Md, Maria das Graças Vale; Fé, Flávio Augusto Andrade; Guerra, Marcus Vinitius de Farias; Alecrim, Wilson Duarte

2003-01-01

After the occurrence of 14 sylvatic yellow fever cases in 10 cities in the State of Amazonas during 1996, an investigation into the presence of sylvatic yellow fever vectors was carried out. The material of larvae and adult insects was collected around residences and canopy trees within forests, using a light trap (CDC) and human bait. A total of 424 insects was collected. Thirty seven species were identified, some of which were sylvatic yellow fever vectors: Haemagogus janthinomys, Ha. leucocelaenus, Aedes fulvus.

A new species of Hemerobiella Kimmins (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) from Venezuela with notes on the genus.

Science.gov (United States)

Sosa, Francisco; Lara, Rogéria I R; Martins, Caleb C

2015-10-09

Hemerobiella periotoi Sosa & Lara sp. nov. is described from Venezuela. The new species was collected at the edges of a mature cloud forest in Lara state. This is the third species known in Hemerobiella Kimmins, and the second recorded from Venezuela. Additionally, new Venezuelan records and illustrations of H. oswaldi Monserrat, as well as, a key to Hemerobiella species are provided.

Dengue Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Past and Recent Viral Transmission in Venezuela : A Comprehensive Community-Based Study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Velasco-Salas, Zoraida I.; Sierra, Gloria M.; Guzman, Diamelis M.; Zambrano, Julio; Vivas, Daniel; Comach, Guillermo; Wilschut, Jan C.; Tami, Adriana

Dengue transmission in Venezuela has become perennial and a major public health problem. The increase in frequency and magnitude of recent epidemics prompted a comprehensive community-based cross-sectional study of 2,014 individuals in high-incidence neighborhoods of Maracay, Venezuela. We found a

Escuela de psicología en Venezuela: estructura curricular

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Herminia Vicentelli

Full Text Available The paper is concerning to the academic formation of the psycho1ogist at Venezuela, studing the curriculum structure, taking in consideration the recommendations, suggestions and reflections presented in events that had influenced the teaching of Psychology and the action of the professional.

Lutzomyia Lewisi, a new Phlebotomine sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae from Cojedes State, Venezuela

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M. Dora Feliciangeli

1984-09-01

Full Text Available The female of a new species, Lutzomyia lewisi is described. Reasons are stated on which the classification proposed by Lewis et al. (1977 is adopted for sandflies recorded in Venezuela. The current controversy over the generic names of phlebotomine sandflies are also discussed.A fêmea da uma nova espécie, Lutzomyia lewisi é descrita. A argumentação pela qual se adota a classificação de Lewis et al. (1977 para os flebótomos da venezuela é apresentada, assim como se discute a controvérsia atual sobre a nomenclatura genérica dos flebótomos.

End-stage renal disease and its treatment in Venezuela.

Science.gov (United States)

Bellorin-Font, Ezequiel; Milanés, Carmen Luisa; Rodríguez-Iturbe, Bernardo

2002-09-01

In Venezuela there are 3234 new cases (132 per million population [pmp]) requiring renal replacement therapy each year, and only 40% of these are admitted to the different modalities of dialysis. In the year 2000, there were 195 patients pmp in chronic hemodialysis (4700 patients). Diabetes, glomerular diseases, and hypertension account for more than 60% of the patients in chronic dialysis. Gross mortality in hemodialysis is around 20%, and cardiovascular causes are the primary cause of death (39.5%). Hospital admission in the dialysis patients amounts to 4.6 days/patient/year. Rehabilitation is inadequate. Only 45% of the dialysis patients report normal home or work activities. Transplantation in Venezuela has a general graft survival rate of 83% at 1 year (90% for living related grafts) and 50% (64% for living related grafts) at 10 years. Future tendencies include emphasis in preventive strategies, including early detection and treatment of diabetes and hypertension, as well as efforts to increase the rate of renal transplantation.

ANÁLISIS DEL COMERCIO DE GAS ENTRE COLOMBIA Y VENEZUELA

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SEBASTIÁN OSORIO RUIZ

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan las oportunidades de intercambio de gas natural de Colombia con otros mercados regionales. Para dicho análisis, se propone un modelo del mercado de gas natural en Colombia, el cual incluye la oferta, la demanda, y las restricciones de transporte, así como las importaciones y exportaciones. El modelo se basa en la representación del comportamiento de los productores y su efecto en el mercado. Ya en este mercado la oferta es un oligopolio y el modelo es un modelo de equilibrio espacial con competencia a la Cournot. Los fl ujos resultantes del modelo indican que el impacto inicial de las exportaciones a Venezuela sobre el mercado Colombiano es bajo, y que las importaciones desde Venezuela mejoran la seguridad del suministro de gas al mercado y aumentan la competencia entre los productores.

Preliminary inventory of mammals from Yurubí National Park, Yaracuy, Venezuela with some comments on their natural history

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Franger J. García

2012-03-01

necesidad de generar información de línea base que nos permita contribuir con la documentación y conservación de la riqueza de la fauna local, realizamos un inventario de mamíferos en el Parque Nacional Yurubí, localizado en el estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Llevamos a cabo trabajos de campo en tres tipos de vegetación seleccionados: un bosque siempreverde a 197m., un bosque semideciduo entre 100-230m y un bosque nublado a 1 446m. Utilizamos trampas Victor, Sherman, Havahart y un sistema de trampa de caída para la captura de pequeños mamíferos no voladores y mallas de neblina para murciélagos. Adicionalmente, entrevistamos a los pobladores locales para el registro de mamíferos de porte mediano a grande junto con observaciones ocasionales directas e indirectas. Al menos 79 especies están presentes en el área de estudio, representando el 28% de la fauna de mamíferos registrada para el norte del país. Chiroptera (39 spp., Carnivora (13 spp. y Rodentia (9 spp. fueron los órdenes con las mayores riquezas taxonómicas, coincidiendo con los resultados esperados en el Neotrópico. El bosque siempreverde obtuvo la mayor riqueza de especies (n=68, con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 128 horas-malla, 32 baldes-día,16 horas de observaciones y tres personas entrevistadas, seguida por el bosque nublado (n=45 con 324 horas-malla, 790 trampas-noche, 77 baldes-día, 10 horas de observaciones y una persona entrevistada. El valor más bajo de la riqueza fue en el bosque semideciduo (n=41, con 591 trampas-noche, 15 horas-malla, 10 horas de observaciones y tres personas entrevistadas. Los datos y observaciones obtenidos aquí (e.g., endemismo, especies conocidas como “especies sucedáneas” amenazadas en Venezuela, le confieren al Parque Nacional Yurubí un papel importante en la conservación y mantenimiento de los ecosistemas y fauna local, actualmente amenazados por presiones humanas locales en la Cordillera de la Costa.

Lipid Panel Reference Intervals for Amazon Parrots (Amazona species).

Science.gov (United States)

Ravich, Michelle; Cray, Carolyn; Hess, Laurie; Arheart, Kristopher L

2014-09-01

The lipoprotein panel is a useful diagnostic tool that allows clinicians to evaluate blood lipoprotein fractions. It is a standard diagnostic test in human medicine but is poorly understood in avian medicine. Amazon parrots (Amazona species) are popular pets that frequently lead a sedentary lifestyle and are customarily fed high-fat diets. Similar to people with comparable diets and lifestyles, Amazon parrots are prone to obesity and atherosclerosis. In human medicine, these conditions are typically correlated with abnormalities in the lipoprotein panel. To establish reference intervals for the lipoprotein panel in Amazon parrots, plasma samples from 31 captive Amazon parrots were analyzed for concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The data were also grouped according to sex, diet, body condition score, and age. Aside from HDL levels, which were significantly different between male and female parrots, no intergroup differences were found for any of the lipoprotein fractions.

La crisis de la integración andina durante los procesos de negociación de la biodiversidad en el TLC con los Estados Unidos

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Catalina Toro Pérez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los cambios recientes en la geopolítica andina, debido en gran parte a la emergencia de nuevos gobiernos progresistas de Ecuador, Bolivia y Venezuela como resultado de la resistencia social de los pueblos andinos frente al proyecto del ALCA (Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de las Américas y los tratados de Libre Comercio que Estados Unidos quiso imponer en la región, plantean la necesidad de pensar el desarrollo de una nueva agenda de integración. El proceso de negociación de libre comercio entre Colombia y Perú con los Estados Unidos y más recientemente con la Unión Europea, revela, sin embargo, no sólo la crisis de los procesos de integración entre los gobiernos pertenecientes a la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, sino también el creciente aislamiento de estos dos países, de las nuevas dinámicas regionales emergentes en América Latina. En este ensayo, planteamos como el proceso de negociación de los tratados de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea en materia de biodiversidad, propiedad intelectual y conocimiento tradicional revelan, no sólo la crisis de los procesos de integración en lo que refiere a los desarrollos legislativos y normativos existentes en la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN, sino también la situación de derechos colectivos de las comunidades indígenas y locales en la región.

En búsqueda de un punto fijo para la República. El cesarismo liberal (Venezuela-Colombia, 1810-1830

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Thibaud, Clement

2002-08-01

Full Text Available The liberal revolutions in Spanish America are essentially the result of the adoption of modern constitutions based on the equality of citizens. In Venezuela as well as in Colombia, the new born states declared several times the rule of dictatorship and martial law. How did patriots arrive at the proclamation of the state of exception in which the army exercised the reality of power? Is the Bolivarian Cesarism the consequence of the war, the result of the strenghthening of non liberal tendencies of Liberalism, or the consequence of a resurgence of the Ancien Regime? By analysing the theme of the «fixed point», this article attempts to understand how independent elites searched to stabilize the revolution in a sustainable order, and the reasons for their failure which ultimately led to the dissolution of Gran Colombia.

Las revoluciones liberales en América hispánica se llevaron a cabo mediante la adopción de constituciones modernas fundadas en la igualdad de los ciudadanos. A pesar de ello, en Venezuela y en Colombia se proclamaron varias veces dictaduras y la ley marcial durante las guerras de Independencia. ¿Cómo explicar, en el contexto de discursos profundamente legalistas, esta proclamación del estado de excepción que le traslada al ejército la realidad del poder? ¿El cesarismo bolivariano nace de las circunstancias de la guerra, del fortalecimiento de las tendencias no liberales del liberalismo, o se trata más bien de una resurgencia del Antiguo Régimen? Al analizar la temática del «punto fijo» en las prácticas y en los discursos de las elites independentistas, se trata de aproximarse a la manera cómo éstas buscaron estabilizar y consolidar la revolución en un orden viable y a los motivos del fracaso de estos esfuerzos que condujeron finalmente a la disgregación de la Gran Colombia.

Arboviral diseases in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a perspective and analysis from a tertiary health & research center in Manaus, State of Amazonas

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Maria Paula Gomes Mourão

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD, located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon, is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42 were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.

LAS REPÚBLICAS BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA Y NICARAGUA, EN EL MARCO DEL ACUERDO ENERGÉTICO

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Dani José Villalobos Soto

2013-02-01

Full Text Available El  Cooperativismo entre las Repúblicas Bolivariana de Venezuela y Nicaragua, consolidan la expresión de la democracia entre ambas naciones, de manera que este término “Cooperativismo”, constituye la nueva forma de integración de América Latina y el Caribe. Esta investigación analiza el Acuerdo de Cooperación Energética entre  la República de Nicaragua y la República Bolivariana de Venezuela caso PETROCARIBE, 2007-2009. El logro de los objetivos se  basa acerca de la economía en PETROCARIBE y las estadísticas sobre la balanza comercial entre ambos países. Esta investigación fue de tipo documental-descriptivo, el diseño bibliográfico y las fases utilizadas fueron descriptivos, analíticos, interpretativos y constructivos. Se concluye  que el Acuerdo de Cooperación Energética PETROCARIBE, constituye una alternativa para la República de Nicaragua permitiendo dar espacio al desarrollo en áreas como  economía, sociedad, producción, cultura entre otras, y para la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, aparte de fortalecer los aspectos económicos, fortifica aun más los aspectos de política exterior.SummaryThe cooperation among the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Nicaragua, strengthen the democracy expression between both nations, so the term       "cooperativism" is the new form of integration of Latin America and the Caribbean. This research analyzes the Energetic Cooperation Agreement between the Republic of Nicaragua and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, PETROCARIBE case, 2007-2009. The achievement of the objectives is based on the economy in PETROCARIBE and the commercial balance statistics between both countries. This research was documentary-descriptive; the literature design and phases used were descriptive, analytical, interpretive and constructive. We conclude that the PETROCARIBE Energetic Cooperation Agreement represents an alternative to the Republic of Nicaragua, by allowing space for

Reorganization and redimensioning of nuclear activities in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1984-02-01

This paper is of a self-critical nature, beginning with a retrospective look at nuclear activities in Venezuela. An inventory of human resources, materials and existing techniques is also made. National nuclear policies and developments are examined pointing out failures and successes. Finally, conclusions are presented about the technical assistance received from international organizations in research, nuclear safety and technological development

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Venezuela a case report

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Alejandro J. Caraballo H.

1991-06-01

Full Text Available A case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD in a 32 year old man is presented. The clinical picture included a rapid progressive dementia associated with ataxia, global aphasia, myoclonus and pyramidal signs, death ocurred after 13 months. The diagnosis of CJD was confirmed by CT and neuropathological studies. This is the first report of CJD occurring in Venezuela.

National Oil Companies: the view from Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, M.

1994-01-01

National oil companies were key elements in the initial OPEC strategy and they brought a de-integration of oil industry. These companies have tried to move from crude marketing to product marketing through new investments at home and abroad in order to get higher value added and more secure markets for crude. Low prices bring new challenges. Venezuela's answers are strategic associations, operating contract for marginal fields and profit sharing agreements. (Author)

Snakes from the Leeward Group, Venezuela and eastern Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brongersma, L.D.

1940-01-01

Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck entrusted me with the study of the snakes, which he collected during his trips to the islands off the north coast of Venezuela, to the Venezuelan mainland, and to eastern Colombia. In the present paper the species collected by Dr. Hummelinck are listed with data on scale

Frogs from the Leeward group, Venezuela and eastern Colombia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brongersma, L.D.

1948-01-01

The present notes deal with a small collection of frogs that was made by Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK during his visits to the islands of the Leeward Group, Venezuela and Eastern Colombia. I have included in this study the specimens of Pleurodema brachyops (Cope) already present in the Rijksmuseum van

Characterization of antigenetic serotypes from the dengue virus in Venezuela by means of Grid Computing.

Science.gov (United States)

Isea, Raúl; Montes, Esther; Rubio-Montero, Antonio J; Rosales, José D; Rodríguez-Pascual, Manuel A; Mayo, Rafael

2010-01-01

This work determines the molecular epidemiology of dengue virus in Venezuela by means of phylogenetic calculations performed on the EELA-2 Grid infrastructure with the PhyloGrid application, an open source tool that allows users performing phylogeny reconstruction in their research. In this study, a total of 132 E nucleotide gene sequences of dengue virus from Venezuela recorded in GenBank(R) have been processed in order to reproduce and validate the topology described in the literature.

Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae, Amazon region

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Passos, M. I. S.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A list of Elmidae species from Amazon is presented. The list was prepared based on a literature surveyand examination of the entomological collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA. The listincludes 102 species, with ten new occurrences recorded, being one for the Amazon (which includes areas ofBrazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, French Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela three for the Amazonas state,and six for other localities in Brazil. Reports about species bibliography contents were also included, as well asavailable species municipalities distributional data.

[First record of Lutzomyia (Trichopygomyia) conviti Ramirez Perez, Martins & Ramirez (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Brazil].

Science.gov (United States)

Pinheiro, Francimeire G; Freitas, Rui A de; Rocha, Liliane C da; Franco, Antonia M R

2010-01-01

The presence of Lutzomyia conviti Ramirez Perez, Martins & Ramirez, previously found only in Venezuela and Colombia, is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Lutzomyia conviti is now added to the 229 species of Lutzomyia already registered in Brazil and to the 44 identified in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas state. Both sexes of L. conviti were collected in 2007 and 2008 with CDC light traps in an environment of primary vegetation represented by firm land forest. The distribution range of the species is cited and discussed.

Estudio comparativo de la composición química y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Ruta graveolens L. recolectada en los estados Mérida y Miranda, Venezuela.

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Janne Rojas

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Essential oil from two R. graveolens samples collected from Mérida and Miranda states, Venezuela, were analyzed by GC/MS identifying as major components: 2-undecanone, 2-nonanonae and pregeijerene. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity assays showed the wide range of activity of the oils that inhibited the bacterial strains grow not only for the Gram positive (S. aureus and E. faecalis but the Gram negative (E. coli and K. pneumonie as well, displaying MIC values between 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL.

Aspectos epidemiológicos, sociais e sanitários de uma área no Rio Negro, estado do Amazonas, com especial referência às parasitoses intestinais e à infecção chagásica

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Coura José R.

1994-01-01

Full Text Available Um estudo seccional foi realizado na população residente em um de cada quatro domicílios habitados na cidade de Barcelos (no norte do Estado do Amazonas, na margem direita do Rio Negro, a 490km de Manaus por via fluvial, visando a avaliar as condições sociais, sanitárias e os indicadores específicos para as parasitoses intestinais e para infecção chagásica. No inquérito, foram aplicados dois questionários, um domiciliar para avaliar os aspectos sociais e sanitários, e outro individual, para a avaliação das condições sociais e epidemiológicas da população. Uma amostra por conglomerado familiar de 171 domicílios foi estudada. De cada um dos 658 habitantes, foi requisitada uma amostra de fezes para exame parasitológico pelas técnicas de sedimentação de Lutz e de Baermann-Moraes-Coutinho, modificado por Willcox & Coura (1989, 1991 e coletada uma amostra de sangue em papel de filtro para a reação de imunofluorescência para anticorpos anti-T. cruzi pelo método de Fife & Muschel modificado por Camargo (1966 e Souza & Camargo (1966 e Petana & Willcox (1975. O exame de fezes mostrou 69,4% das amostras com um ou mais parasitos. O Ascaris lumbricoides foi predominante, com 51% de positividade, e o Entamoeba histolytica, embora com exame não específico, foi positivo em 19,7%. Surpreendentemente, 20,1% das 658 amostras de sangue foram reativas para anticorpos anti-T. cruzi na diluição de 1:20, e 13,7%, na diluição de 1:40. Houve forte correlação entre esses resultados e o nível de contato da população humana com triatomíneos silvestres, conhecidos localmente como piolho-da-piaçava, e conseguimos isolar por xenodiagnóstico uma cepa de T. cruzi de um paciente (nº 209-1 com sorologia positiva para infecção chagásica, natural da área e que havia trabalhado na agricultura, transportando piaçava, e que conhecia muito bem o piolho-da-piaçava.

Especies nuevas del género Gibberula (Mollusca: Cystiscidae de Cuba y Venezuela New species of the genus Gibberula (Mollusca: Cystiscidae from Cuba and Venezuela

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José Espinosa

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se describen 3 especies nuevas de moluscos marinos: Gibberula palmasola sp. n., recolectada en la vegetación asociada a rocas rodeadas de sedimentos blandos en una laguna costera cercada por mangle en la península de Guanahacabibes, Cuba, y caracterizada por presentar, el animal vivo, la cabeza negra y una distribución típica de bandas negras y pardas con lunares anaranjados en el manto bajo la concha; Gibberula dosmosquises sp. n., recolectada en fondos rocosos del Caribe insular de Venezuela, se caracteriza por una discreta coloración del manto y un patrón de manchas en el pie, y Gibberula thetisae sp. n, proveniente de los pastos marinos del golfo de Batabanó, Cuba, con 3 pliegues en la columela, el último muy débil, y un labio externo casi cortante, caracteres que permiten separarla de todas las demás especies conocidas en el área antillana, aunque se desconozca la anatomía del animal. Se discute la lista de especies válidas del género para Cuba y Venezuela, y se hacen adiciones y consideraciones al complejo de especies en torno a Gibberula ubitaensis Espinosa y Ortea, 2000.Three new species of marine molluscs are described. Gibberula palmasola new species, collected in vegetation associated with rocks surrounded by soft sediments in a coastal lagoon surrounded by mangroves in Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Cuba, and characterized by a black head and typical distribution of black and brown bands and orange spots in the mantle. Gibberula dosmosquises new species, collected in rocky bottoms of a Caribbean island from Venezuela, characterized by a simple staining in the mantle and a pattern of spots on the foot, and Gibberula thetisae new species, from sea grass in the gulf of Batabano, Cuba, with shell having 3 columellar folds, the last very weak, and a sharp outer lip; although, its anatomy is not known, these conchological characters separate it from all other known species in the Antilles. Aditionally, the list of valid species

REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LOASACEAE EN VENEZUELA

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Noguera Eliana

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La familia Loasaceae no ha sido estudiada taxonómicamente en Venezuela, por tal razón se realizó una revisión taxonómica que permitió reconocer las especies presentes en el país y los principales caracteres de importancia taxonómica para su reconocimiento. Se examinaron 102 especímenes de Loasaceae depositados en herbarios nacionales e internacionales. En Venezuela, Loasaceae está representada por tres subfamilias (Gronovioideae, Loasoideae y Mentzelioideae, cuatros géneros (Gronovia, Klaprothia, Nasa y Mentzelia y nueve especies (Gronovia scandens L., Klaprothia fasciculata (C. Presl Poston, K. mentzelioides Kunth, Nasa lindeniana (Urb. & Gilg Weigend, N. venezuelensis (Steyerm. Weigend, N. perijensis (Weigend Weigend, N. triphylla (Juss. Weigend subsp. papaverifolia (Kunth Weigend, Mentzelia aspera L., M scabra subsp. chilensis (Gay Weigend. Se proporcionan claves para las especies presentes en el país, descripciones, ejemplares examinados, sinónimos, ilustraciones, datos de distribución geográfica y ecología, y breves comentarios morfológicos. El indumento y la ornamentación de la cubierta seminal son los principales caracteres de valor taxonómico para distinguir las especies de Loasaceae venezolanas.

State-Led Education for Democratic Socialism: Venezuela's Education Missions

Science.gov (United States)

Duffy, Maura

2015-01-01

Venezuela's "Bolivarian Revolution" is conceptualised as an anti-neoliberal project that aims to promote fundamental changes in the configuration of political power via processes of state-grassroots collaboration. Central to this process is an emphasis on the key role of education in the development of a 21st Century socialism based on…

Sincronía reproductiva interpoblacional de Agave cocui (Agavaceae en Venezuela

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Carmen J Figueredo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available cocui (Agavaceae es una especie de amplia distribución en zonas áridas y semiáridas de Venezuela y Colombia. A pesar de su importancia ecológica como fuente de recursos para la fauna silvestre y de su potencial valor económico como materia prima para la producción del licor “Cocuy de Penca”, los estudios sobre su ecología reproductiva son muy escasos. En este estudio se evaluó la fenología de floración y fructificación de A. cocui en ocho localidades de Venezuela. La fase reproductiva se inició al finalizar el periodo de lluvias. Las flores se producen durante cinco meses. Para la Región Noroccidental del país y los Andes los máximos de floración ocurrieron en enero, mientras que las localidades en la costa central y oriental exhibieron un desface de cerca de dos meses, a principios de marzo. La mayor sincronía floral ocurrió entre todas las poblaciones censadas en el occidente del país, incluyendo las localidades andinas. Dicha sincronía reproductiva potenciaría la conformación de un corredor de néctar para aves y murciélagos, que se extendería desde el Norte de Falcón, en la Costa Occidental, hasta los bolsones andinos, en el Suroeste del país.Interpopulation reproductive synchrony of Agave cocui (Agavaceae in Venezuela. Agave cocui (Agavaceae is a species with broad distribution in arid and semiarid areas of Venezuela and Colombia. Despite of its ecological importance as a source of food for wildlife, and its economic value for production of a spirit drink, studies on the reproductive ecology of the species are relatively rare. In this study, we conducted a oneyear evaluation of the flowering and fruiting phenology of A. cocui in the eight representative localities of the species’ distribution in Venezuela. Within each study site, we chose an area with a minimum of 50 reproductive individuals and followed their reproductive phenophases with the help of binoculars, using six qualitative cathegories (emerging

Comunidad de moluscos asociados al mejillón verde Perna viridis (Mollusca: Bivalvia y sus relaciones tróficas en la costa norte de la Península de Araya, Estado Sucre, Venezuela

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Sioliz Villafranca

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Perna viridis es un bivalvo procedente del Indo-Pacífico que habita en la zona intermareal y ha invadido varios ecosistemas de la costa norte del estado Sucre, Venezuela. Con la finalidad de realizar un estudio sobre las comunidades de moluscos asociadas a esta especie y sus relaciones tróficas, se llevaron a cabo muestreos bimensuales entre octubre/97 y agosto/98, en un banco natural de mejillones a dos metros de profundidad en la costa norte de la península de Araya (10°40’N -48°63’W. Los organismos fueron recolectados delimitando el área con una cuadrícula de 0.25 m². Se identificaron los organismos hasta la categoría de especies utilizando claves específicas para moluscos y bibliográficamente se les determinó categoría trófica.Se capturó un total de 1 235 individuos de P. viridis y asociados a la especie 3 163 especímenes pertenecientes al phylum Mollusca, contenidos en tres clases: Bivalvia,Gastropoda y Polyplacophora. Éstas estuvieron representadas por 50 especies correspondientes a 10 órdenes, 24 familias; para los gasterópodos se contabilizaron 25 especies, para los bivalvos 22 y tres para los poliplacóforos. Del total de las especies, 40% fueron filtradoras, 26% carnívoras, 24% herbívoras y el 10% restante presentó dos categorías.De las filtradoras las más representativas fueron: Perna perna, Musculus lateralis, Crassostrea rhizophorae y Ostrea equestris; en el grupo de los carnívoros dominaron tres especies de la familia Columbellidae:Mitrella lunata, Anachis obesa y Nitidella ocellata y para el grupo de los herbívoros destacaron dos especies de la familia Fisurellidae: Diodora cayenensis y D. minuta. Se registraron dos especies filtradoras-detritívoras, y tres especies herbívoras-filtradoras representantes del género C repidula. El alto porcentaje de filtradores sería un indicativo de que dentro de este sistema probablemente hay una mayor disponibilidad de fracciones alimenticias para este grupo

(Deconstruyendo los significados de viviendas gestionadas por el estado: aproximación psicosocial y de derechos humanos = (Desconstruindo os significados da moradia gestionada pelo estado: aproximação psicossocial e de direitos humanos = (Deconstructing meanings of housing managed by the state: psychosocial and human rights approach

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Kleiner, Esther Wiesenfeld

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A abordagem da problemática da moradia na Venezuela, costuma omitir os componentes de uma moradia adequada, segundo os preceitos internacionais. Este vazio motivou a presente pesquisa, orientada a compreender os significados que residentes de moradias promovidas pelo Estado constroem sobre estas, conhecer e refletir sobre os componentes da moraria desde a perspectiva dos direitos humanos, e derivar recomendações para a incorporação deste enfoque nas politicas publicas. O estudo se fundamentou teoricamente no construcionismo social, e metodologicamente na pesquisa qualitativa: a informação obteve-se por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e um grupo focal, e analisou-se a partir da teoria fundamentada. Os resultados aportam múltipla significados sobre a moradia; os residentes revelam desconhecimento desta como direito, mas logo de conhecer ou foco, identificaram vulnerabilidade nos componentes das suas moradias e propuseram gestões reivindicativas para sua adequação

Indice de la microflora marina de Venezuela: diatomeas, dinoflagelados y cocolitofóridos

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José Rafael Díaz-Ramos

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Los estudios sobre el fitoplancton marino de Venezuela han sido realizados de manera regular desde mediados del siglo XX. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se ha realizado un compendio de las especies encontradas que sirva como marco de referencia a los trabajos taxonómicos. En este trabajo se presenta por primera vez un índice de la microflora marina de Venezuela. El índice incluye sólo las diatomeas (89 especies céntricas y 186 especies pennadas, los dinoflagelados (ocho especies atecadas y 154 especies tecadas y los cocolitóforidos (24 especies a los cuales se les realizado una diagnosis formal e ilustraciones (dibujos y/o fotografias y que han sido reportados en la literatura científica (revistas y/o tesis de licenciatura o maestría. Esta ordenado según la clase, orden, familia y especie. Además, en el se cita al autor (es de cada taxón.ha.The marine phytoplankton of Venezuela has been studied on a regular basis since the mid 20th century. However, a species checklist that can be used as a framework for taxonomic studies is lacking. In this paper, an index of the marine microflora of Venezuela is presented for the first time. The index includes only those diatoms (89 centric and 186 pennate species, dinoflagellates (eight naked and 154 thecate species and coccolithophores (24 especies for which formal diagnosis and illustrations (drawings and/or photographs have been reported in the scientific literature (journals and/or first degree or master's theses. It is ordered alphabetically according to class, order, family, and species. It includes the author (s of the taxa.

Recolecta: estado actual y perspectivas

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López Medina, Alicia

2010-01-01

Estado actual del Recolector de ciencia abierta español: Recolecta y proyectos de futuro. López Medina, A. (2010). Recolecta: estado actual y perspectivas. X Workshop Rebiun sobre proyectos digitales. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8710.

Venezuela: Políticas de Comunicación

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Luis Aníbal Gómez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Los países latinoamericanos no pueden seguir utilizando sistemas de comunicación que son ajenos a su realidad y que no contribuyen de modo alguno a la consecución de los objetivos nacionales. Cada estado debe definir el sistema de comunicación que necesita para alcanzar sus propósitos de transformación o desarrollo integral. Un estado que tiene a la agricultura como base de su economía, un estado de economía primaria no debe utilizar, para apoyar sus planes de desarrollo, un sistema o modelo de comunicación aplicable a una sociedad industrial.

Urban movements and disempowerment in Perú and Venezuela Movimientos urbanos y desempoderamiento en Perú y Venezuela

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Daniel H. LEVINE

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses a core puzzle: why is continued citizen mobilization accompanied by growing disempowerment of those same citizens? Why do movements fail, leaders burn out and members disperse, and what are the implications of this organizational failure for demo¬cratic representation? Our consideration of the issues is rooted in a close examination of urban movements, mobilization, empowerment and disempowerment in the recent experience of Venezuela and Perú. The puzzle that concerns us is of course not limited to these two countries: it is common to all the Andean republics, and in different ways, to much recent experience of urban mobilization in Latin America and beyond. After a brief account of urban citizen move¬ments and politics in our two cases, we outline general reflections on the nature of empowerment and disempowerment, on the peculiar combination of strengths and weaknesses that mark many contemporary movements. A close examination of types of movements and their links with poli¬tical parties and protest follows. The character of city life is important here. We close with analysis of recent waves of urban mobilization in Perú (that sparked the ouster of president Alberto Fujimori and in Venezuela (both for and against president Hugo Chávez Frías, and with reflections on the likely future of empowerment and disempowerment for urban citizens and the implications of this perspective for democratic representationEste artículo plantea un puzzle principal: ¿por qué la movilización ciudadana continuada viene acompañada de un crecimiento del desempoderamiento de estos mismos ciudadanos? ¿Por qué los movimientos fracasan, los líderes se desgastan y los miembros se dispersan, y cuáles son las implicaciones del fracaso organizativo para la representación democrática? Nuestra consideración del asunto encuentra sus raíces en un profundo análisis de los movimientos urbanos, de la movilización, del empoderamiento y del

A program on quality assurance and dose calibration for radiation therapy units in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Padilla, M.C. de; Carrizales, L.; Diaz, J.; Gutt, F.; Cozman, A.

1996-01-01

The results of a five year program (1988-90-91-92-93) on quality assurance and dose calibration for 12 Cobalt-60 units from public hospitals, which represents 30% of total radiation therapy units in Venezuela, are presented. The remarkable improvement in the general performance of these units can be seen in the IAEA/WHO Postal TLD Intercomparison results which gave 100% within ± 5% in 1990 and 1992, while 63% in 1990 and 44% in 1992, with errors up to 37% were obtained for the participants not included in the program. The difference between the two groups lead the government to decrete through the Gaceta Oficial de la Republica de Venezuela, Resolution G-1397 on March 3, 1993, the quality assurance and dose calibration programs shall be established for all radiation therapy installations in Venezuela. The project for the standards was developed by the SSDL physicists and it was already approbated by the Health Ministry. It is expected that the Norms will enter into effect by the end of 1994. (author). 14 refs, 1 fig., 3 tabs

A program on quality assurance and dose calibration for radiation therapy units in Venezuela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Padilla, M.C. de; Carrizales, L; Diaz, J; Gutt, F; Cozman, A [Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas (Venezuela). Lab. de Calibracion Dosimetrica

1996-08-01

The results of a five year program (1988-90-91-92-93) on quality assurance and dose calibration for 12 Cobalt-60 units from public hospitals, which represents 30% of total radiation therapy units in Venezuela, are presented. The remarkable improvement in the general performance of these units can be seen in the IAEA/WHO Postal TLD Intercomparison results which gave 100% within {+-} 5% in 1990 and 1992, while 63% in 1990 and 44% in 1992, with errors up to 37% were obtained for the participants not included in the program. The difference between the two groups lead the government to decrete through the Gaceta Oficial de la Republica de Venezuela, Resolution G-1397 on March 3, 1993, the quality assurance and dose calibration programs shall be established for all radiation therapy installations in Venezuela. The project for the standards was developed by the SSDL physicists and it was already approbated by the Health Ministry. It is expected that the Norms will enter into effect by the end of 1994. (author). 14 refs, 1 fig., 3 tabs.

Estrategias de intervención ante la violencia verbal, en estudiantes adolescentes del estado Mérida - Venezuela

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Riceliana Moreno Santafé

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia escolar es un fenómeno que ha despertado gran interés cientíico, dadas las consecuencias negativas que produce, tanto en estudiantes como en profesores. Este estudio tuvo como propósito determinar la presencia de violencia verbal y categorizar sus diversas manifestaciones, con la intención de proponer estrategias de intervención que contribuyeran a la disminución de la misma, en estudiantes adolescentes de una Unidad Educativa del Estado Mérida. Se suscribió al tipo de investigación acción- crítica, con un diseño cuali – cuantitativo, de nivel evaluativa - observacional. Se utilizó una escala tipo Likert, en 45 informantes claves, adolescentes, cursantes del noveno grado. En los que se evidenció presencia de maltrato verbal, caracterizado por burlas, uso de apodos y motes. En tal sentido, se propuso a la insti tución la ejecución de una propuesta psicoeducativa, conformada por una serie de actividades enfocadas en la promoción de la comunicación asertiva y los modelos de convivencia positiva.

Consideraciones sobre la produccion de frutas en Venezuela

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Jesús Aular

2011-10-01

Full Text Available En la presente revisión se presenta información sobre superficie, producción, y rendimiento de los frutales en Venezuela. Además se hacen consideraciones sobre los sistemas de producción, destacando limitaciones, avances y sugerencias. La fruticultura en Venezuela ocupa el 3er. lugar dentro del sector agrícola vegetal. Existen 167.691 Ha de frutales y una producción 2.232.088 TM por año. Se producen comercialmente una docena de rubros frutícolas, siendo los principales: plátano, banano, naranjo y piña. Las áreas de producción van desde zonas bajas y áridas, en donde se obtienen uvas y piñas; hasta zonas altas y húmedas donde se hallan duraznos y fresas. Ha habido reducción de la superficie plantada, con excepción de lechosa, piña y aguacate. El manejo hortícola de los huertos frutícolas es heterogéneo, ya que se observa desde bajo hasta alto nivel de tecnología. La incorrecta aplicación de las prácticas hortícolas origina baja productividad y calidad de fruta. La poscosecha podría mejorarse a través del desarrollo e implementación de normas de clasificación, empaque, embalaje, y cadena de frío. La exportación de frutas venezolanas se ha reducido en los últimos años y se concentra en mango, naranja y lima Tahití. Los principales destinos son Colombia, Europa, Norteamérica y las islas del Caribe. Sólo la naranja se procesa de manera importante en Venezuela. Las perspectivas para la fruticultura venezolana es continuar como una actividad dirigida al mercado interno, no se vislumbra una mayor participación del país en el mercado internacional.

Apendicularias de la región oriental de Venezuela

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zoppi de Roa, Evelyn

1971-01-01

El presente trabajo es una contribución al estudio de las Apendicularias de la región oriental de Venezuela. Presenta los resultados taxonómicos y de distribución de las especies recolectadas durante los años 1960 a 1962. Las muestras de plancton analizadas indicaron la presencia de 18 especies

Petrochemical development in Venezuela

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkenborn, A.

1997-01-01

This presentation highlighted the evolution of the petrochemical industry in Venezuela. Comparative advantages for the industry such as (1) abundant low cost energy, (2) attractive geographical position, (3) good infrastructure, (4) skilled, low cost labour force, and (5) regional integration, were reviewed. A summary of national production, refining, and marketing facts for petrochemicals, coal, orimulsion, and marine transportation were presented, along with financial information concerning revenues from sales, and profits and investments. Future plans to maximize the creation of value for the nation through increased oil production and partial privatization of state petroleum enterprises, were reviewed. The current state and future plans for focused development of fertilizers, olefins and olefin derivatives, and methanol products were outlined. Production statistics for three large petrochemical complexes, - El Tablazo, Moron and Jose - were also presented. 9 figs

Prevalence of anemia and deficiencies of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 in an indigenous community from the Venezuelan Amazon with a high incidence of malaria.

Science.gov (United States)

García-Casal, Maria Nieves; Leets, Irene; Bracho, Carmen; Hidalgo, Mariana; Bastidas, Gilberto; Gomez, Ana; Peña, Ana; Pérez, Hilda

2008-03-01

The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of anemia and deficiencies of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 in Betania del Topocho, a Piaroa community from Estado Amazonas, Venezuela, a zone with a high incidence of malaria. The group studied included 184 subjects of all ages that assisted to the local health center for malaria diagnosis. Analysis performed included hematology by coulter counter, ferritin quantification by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies and folic acid and vitamin B12 determinations by an immunoradiometric assay. It was found that the prevalence of anemia was 89.6% and deficiencies of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 affected 37.1,70.3 and 12.4% of the population studied, respectively. Plasmodium infection was detected by molecular diagnosis in 53.2% of the cases, and 86% of them were anemic. The highest incidence of anemia was found in children, with a prevalence of 100% in infants of both sexes. The high prevalence of anemia, iron and folic acid deficiencies found, indicates an important health and nutrition problem that should be immediately and properly addressed. The number of cases of anemia due to iron deficiency could be underestimated, since ferritin concentration increased as a acute phase protein, although prevalence data was also analyzed with a cutoff point of 30 microg/L for ferritin concentration.

A new eimerian species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the blue-fronted Amazon parrot Amazona aestiva L. (Aves: Psittacidae) in Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Hofstatter, P G; Guaraldo, A M A

2011-12-01

The Neotropical psittacine species Amazona aestiva, commonly known as the blue-fronted Amazon, is one of the most common and best-known psittacine birds kept as a pet worldwide. However, very little is known about the diseases or parasites of these birds. In this study, we describe a new species, Eimeria aestivae, associated with these parrots. The new species is characterized by: ovoid smooth oocysts (n  =  60), 36.8 (33.2-41.5) × 23.7 (21.7-25.7) µm, length/width ratio  =  1.55; polar granule present; ellipsoidal sporocysts (n  =  25), 19.8 (17.5-21.6) × 9.3 (8.3-9.9) µm; Stieda, sub-Stieda body, and sporocyst residuum present. Sporozoites (n  =  20), 2 per sporocyst, elongate and curved, 17.6 (15.8-19.2) × 3.8 (3.2-4.8) µm; each with 2 refractile bodies. The oocysts of the other 2 eimerian species described for Amazona are larger than those of the presented species, but they all seem to be closely related because of some similarities among them.

An??lisis de costos de las Instituciones Privadas de Ense??anza Superior del Estado de Amazonas: implicaciones para la Gesti??n Acad??mica = Cost Analysis of Private Institutions of Higher Education in the State of Amazonas: Implications for Academic Management

OpenAIRE

Reis Camelo, Mar??a dos

2011-01-01

342 p. Se considera la importancia de la dimensi??n econ??mica en la sociedad contempor??nea, y siendo la educaci??n un factor clave en el desarrollo de la econom??a de las naciones, el binomio econom??a y educaci??n es el tema central de este trabajo. Sus objetivos son analizar los costos de Instituciones de Educaci??n Superior (IES) y sus implicaciones en la gesti??n acad??mica, contrastar el potencial del mercado para la expansi??n de Ense??anza Superior en el Estado teni...

Modelo Vectorial para la Inferencia del Estado Cognitivo de Pacientes en Estados Derivados del Coma

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Esteban Velásquez R.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available La forma tradicional de evaluar el estado de conciencia de un individuo, ha sido mediante la aplicación de estímulos y el análisis de sus respuestas, sin embargo, esta técnica se ve limitada cuando el individuo es incapaz de responder evidentemente ante un estímulo, como es el caso de los pacientes en estados derivados del coma. En estos casos, se requiere de una conexión directa con el cerebro del paciente para detectar una respuesta. Por consiguiente, en este artículo se desarrolla y analiza un modelo computacional basado en los principios de las máquinas de soporte vectorial (MSV, para inferir el estado cognitivo de pacientes en estados derivados del coma, mediante la utilización de un equipo de electroencefalografía comercial. Los resultados obtenidos, mostraron que el modelo logró clasificar correctamente una tarea cognitiva en al menos cuatro de cada cinco pruebas en pacientes de control, lo que se traduce en la obtención de un sistema de bajo costo para el análisis del estado de conciencia y para la posible comunicación con algunos pacientes en estados derivados del coma mediante protocolos médicos definidos. De esta manera, este sistema se presenta como un gran aporte para las clínicas y centros hospitalarios, como herramienta potencial de diagnóstico para este tipo de pacientes.

A tale of two countries : blessed with huge heavy oil resources, Canada and Venezuela pursue different paths

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ball, C.

2005-01-01

Both Canada and Venezuela are rich in heavy oil resources. This article presented an overview of current development activities in both countries. International interest in the oil sands region has been highlighted by the French oil company Total's acquisition of Deer Creek Energy Ltd in Alberta for $1.35 billion. The acquisition supports the company's strategy of expanding heavy oil operations in the Athabasca region. With 47 per cent participation in the Sincor project, Total is already a major player in Venezuela. Although the Sincor project is one of the world's largest developments, future investment is in jeopardy due to an unpredictable government and shifts in policy by the state-run oil company Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA). The country's energy minister has recently announced that all existing agreements will be terminated as of December 31, 2005. The government has allowed 6 months for companies to enter into new agreements with new terms. Under revised rules, foreign companies will be required to pay income tax at a rate of 50 per cent. The rate will be applied retroactively to profits made over the last 5 years. Under the new law, agreements could be established under the terms of mixed companies, where Venezuela will have majority equity in the company that exploits the oil. In addition, the government has accused companies of not paying the required income tax levels on contracts, and some companies have been fined as much as $100 million. It was suggested that current difficulties are the result of an incoherent energy policy and an unstable regime. The international oil and gas community is watching developments, and it was anticipated that parties previously considering Venezuela as an investment opportunity will now reconsider. By contrast, Alberta has been praised by oil companies for its stable regulatory regime and its reasonable royalty structure. Thanks to a purge of 18,000 employees from PDVSA by Venezuelan president, Alberta is now

Estudo dos m?todos de extra??o e comportamento do f?sforo na Terra Preta Arqueol?gica da mesorregi?o central do estado do Amazonas

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Pessoa Junior, Erasmo S?rgio Ferreira

2016-01-01

As Terras Pretas Arqueol?gicas (TPA) s?o os Antrossolos conhecidos por serem os solos mais f?rteis da Amaz?nia. Uma das caracter?sticas das TPA ? a presen?a de fragmentos cer?micos arqueol?gicos, bem como alta quantidade de f?sforo e c?lcio. Esses fatos s?o usados como um registro importante da ocupa??o da Amaz?nia por civiliza??es pr?-colombianas. Este trabalho apresenta resultados sobre os m?todos de extra??o do f?sforo em TPA de oito s?tios da Mesorregi?o Central do Estado d...

Gasto social y consolidación de la sobrepoblación relativa en Venezuela durante el chavismo (1998-2010

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Romina De Luca

2013-08-01

Full Text Available During the administration of Hugo Chavez, social expenditure in Venezuela expanded in relative and absolute terms simultaneously with the increase in oil revenues. Expenditures even went beyond the levels reached during the previous oil boom in the 1970s, particularly due to the expenditures in social security. Based on an analysis of Venezuela's social and economic structure, we show that this increase is aimed mostly towards the working population that is increasingly seen as excess workers. The increase in expenditure substantially improves the living conditions of this group. However, since there is no change in capital accumulation in Venezuela, this group continues to consolidate itself as excess wokers.

MODELIZACIÓN ACTUARIAL DE LAS NUEVAS PRESTACIONES SOCIALES EN VENEZUELA

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Evaristo Diz Cruz

2014-05-01

Full Text Available En el presente paper se trata el tema de la valoración actuarial del nuevo esquema de prestaciones sociales contempladas en la nueva Ley Orgánica del Trabajo de Venezuela . Se desarrolla un modelo actuarial en detalle y se ilustra con un ejemplo numérico el impacto en temas de pasivo actuarial para una empresa típica. Besides the usual pension benefits the pension plan of a company may be forced by law in some countries to offer wage based Lump-sum payments for labor termination this is the Venezuela case. An actuarial model of funding severance payment liabilities is formulated and studied. All formulas involved are explained in detail. Finally a specific numerical example illustrates the dynamics of the liabilities determined by the Projected Unit Credit Method for a typical Venezuelan company within the new Labor Law context a Venezuelan accounting College is promoting Actuarial Valuations of this contingencies as mandatory so this model can be used for it.

Retrobulbar adenocarcinoma in an Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis).

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, Victoria E; Murdock, Jessica H; Cazzini, Paola; Schnellbacher, Rodney; Divers, Stephen J; Sakamoto, Kaori

2013-03-01

Retrobulbar neoplasms are not common in mammals and are even more infrequently seen in nonmammalian species. The current report describes a retrobulbar mass creating exophthalmia and neurologic signs in a red-lored Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis). A 27-year-old female parrot presented for a 3-day history of anorexia and a 2-week history of periocular soft tissue swelling and exophthalmia of the right eye. Physical examination revealed 9% dehydration and right eye exophthalmia with inability to retropulse the globe. A fine-needle aspirate was performed, and cytologic evaluation revealed necrotic debris with scattered clusters of epithelial cells, moderate numbers of macrophages, and few heterophils. Given the possibility of neoplasia and paucity of treatment options, the owners elected euthanasia and submitted the body for necropsy. A large, fluctuant, friable, red, retrobulbar mass with multiple areas of hemorrhage, on cut surface, was noted at necropsy. Histologically, the mass was composed of neoplastic, cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells, forming rosette-like glandular structures, admixed with abundant necrotic debris. The neoplastic cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) by immunohistochemistry. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the mass was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma.

A Influência de um protocolo de coordenação motora no estado depressivo e estado cognitivo

OpenAIRE

Costa, Cândida; Pinheira, Vítor; Rodrigues, Abel

2014-01-01

Introdução: São conhecidos os efeitos positivos do exercício terapêutico no estado depressivo e estado cognitivo do idoso. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar e comparar os efeitos de um protocolo de coordenação motora, com a duração de 8 semanas, duas vezes por semana, 50 minutos cada sessão, no estado depressivo e estado cognitivo. Metodologia: 30 idosos (81,43 ±8,97 anos), 66,7% mulheres, clinicamente estáveis e capazes de realizar marcha, numa amostra por conveniência...