Monitoring and evaluation of policy instruments to support renewable electricity in EU Member States. Summary; Monitoring und Bewertung der Foerderinstrumente fuer Erneuerbare Energien in EU Mitgliedsstaaten. Kurzfassung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ragwitz, M.; Held, A. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Resch, G.; Faber, T.; Huber, C.; Haas, R. [Technische Univ. Wien (AT). Energy Economics Group (EEG)

2006-09-15

Policy strategies for the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources differ significantly among the Member States of the European Union with respect to the amount of additional installed capacity as well as concerning the country-specific support costs. The present report aims to assess the effectiveness and the economic efficiency of the support policies in the EU based on both historical experiences and prospective model-based analysis. The main message of the investigation is that the most effective policy instruments tend to be cost-efficient at the same time. In particular, feed-in tariff systems were identified as a successful instrument for supporting renewable energies in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, whereas quota systems still have to prove themselves in practice. (orig.) [German] Bezueglich des Erfolges bei der Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger im Stromsektor bestehen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten der Europaeischen Union. Dies betrifft sowohl den Zubau an installierter Kapazitaet als auch die laenderspezifischen Foerderkosten des Ausbaus. In diesem Projekt erfolgte eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Wirksamkeit und der oekonomischen Effizienz der Foerderpolitiken in den Laendern der EU basierend auf historischen Erfahrungen als auch auf prospektiven modellbasierten Analysen. Es zeigt sich, dass die wirksamsten Systeme auch haeufig die kostenguenstigsten sind. Insbesondere wird ersichtlich, dass garantierte Einspeisetarife ein sehr erfolgreiches Instrumentarium zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien im Stromsektor darstellen, nicht allein bezueglich des generierten Marktwachstums sondern auch im Hinblick auf die oekonomische Effizienz, wogegen Quotensysteme ihre Praxistauglichkeit bezogen auf die genannten Kriterien noch nachweisen muessen. (orig.)

Subventionierung von erneuerbarer Energie : eine industrieökonomische Analyse des strategischen Wettbewerbs in der Erneuerbaren-Energieindustrie bei unterschiedlichen staatlichen Regulierungen

OpenAIRE

Schaller, Markus

2006-01-01

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden ausgewählte Probleme, die im Zusammenhang mit der Subventionierung von erneuerbarer Energien stehen, in finanztheoretischen und industrieökonomischen Modellen formal analysiert. Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Subventionierung von Demonstrationsprojekten zur Erprobung neuer Technologien der erneuerbaren Energiegewinnung. Die Information, die durch die Erprobung über die wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit der Technologie generiert wird, ist...

Promotion of energy conservation and renewable energy sources in Bavaria; Foerderung von Energiesparen und Erneuerbaren Energien in Bayern

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schirm, D. [Bayerisches Staatsministerium fuer Wirtschaft, Verkehr und Technologie, Muenchen (Germany)

1995-09-01

The present article gives an overview of the measures taken in Bavaria (Federal German Republic) for promoting energy conservation. There include: Efficient energy utilisation; communal energy saving concepts; utilisation of renewable energy sources; small-scale hydropower plants; modernisation measures; and cultivable raw materials. (HW) [Deutsch] Der Artikel liefert einen Ueberblick ueber die Foerdermassnahmen zur Energieeinsparung im Freistaat Bayern (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): - Rationelle Energieverwendung - kommunale Energieeinsparkonzepte - Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien - Kleinwasserkraftanlagen - Modernisierungsmassnahmen - nachwachsende Rohstoffe. (HW)

Kasseler symposium on energy-related system engineering: renewable energy sources and rational energy use. Proceedings '98; Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik: Erneuerbare Energien und Rationelle Energieverwendung. Tagungsband '98

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwarz, R. [comp.

1999-07-01

The ISET ended the 10th anniversary year since its foundation in 1998 with already the third Kassel symposium on energy-related system engineering: renewable energy sources and rational energy use. Covering several special subjects talks were given about the topics modelling and simulation in the fields of wind energy, photovoltaic systems, hybrid systems or sewage water treatment. The keen interest of the participants shows the importance that modelling of conditions or processes has gained in the meantime in the field of system engineering of renewable energy sources. The core of each simulation is the integration of differential equations, which describe the system. Properties of the system can be easily varied and affects on the overall system can be easily investigated. Critical conditions can be discovered and be taken into consideration at the hardware engineering. Mistakes in terms of component design can be avoided and engineering cost can be reduced considerably. The present conference book gives an ideal overview of the topics discussed during the symposium. (orig.) [German] Sein Jubilaeumsjahr zum zehnjaehrigen Bestehen beschloss das ISET 1998 mit dem nun bereits 3. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik - Erneuerbare Energien und Rationelle Energieverwendung. Fachgebietsuebergreifend wurde zu den Themen Modellbildung und Simulation in Bereichen wie Windenergie, Photovoltaik, Hybridsysteme oder Abwasserbehandlung referiert. Das rege Interesse der Teilnehmer unterstreicht die Bedeutung, die die Modellierung von Zustaenden oder Prozessen in der Systementwicklung bei den erneuerbaren Energien inzwischen gewonnen hat. Der Kern einer jeden Simulation ist die Integration der systembeschreibenden Differentialgleichungen. Eigenschaften des Systems koennen in einfacher Weise variiert und die Auswirkungen auf das Gesamtsystem untersucht werden. Kritische Zustaende koennen entdeckt und in der Entwicklung der Hardware entsprechend beruecksichtigt werden. Fehler

Biogas in a future energy supply structure with a high proportion of fluctuating renewable energies; Biogas in einer zukuenftigen Energieversorgungsstruktur mit hohen Anteilen fluktuierender Erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holzhammer, Uwe Abraham

2015-07-01

The power supply must integrate in the future an increasing share of renewable energies for the supply of electricity customers to meet the climate protection requirements. The proportion of weather-dependent renewable energy plays a leading role of renewable power supply in the future. These highly volatile provided electricity volumes do not match in base-load power generated amounts, as it has come in the past biogas park and still mostly delivers. It seems necessary that the non-fluctuating production units ''make room'' the wind and PV electricity volumes in the energy system and provide the electricity in phases when the fluctuating renewable energy electricity volumes are not available. In this study, it is determined how the biogas park with its high number of production systems should behave from total cost perspective in the energy system in 2030. It primarily concerns the question whether the base-load electricity production of biogas parks should be changed and made more flexible from the perspective of the overall costs and if so, to what extent. [German] Die Stromversorgung muss in Zukunft einen stetig steigenden Anteil an Erneuerbarer Energien zur Versorgung der Stromkunden integrieren, um die den Klimaschutzanforderungen zu genuegen. Der Anteil an wetterabhaengigen Erneuerbaren Energien nimmt dabei zukuenftig die tragende Rolle der Erneuerbaren Stromversorgung ein. Diese sehr volatil bereitgestellten Strommengen passen nicht zu in Grundlast erzeugten Strommengen, wie sie in der Vergangenheit der BiogasPark geliefert hat und immer noch groesstenteils liefert. Es scheint erforderlich, dass die nicht fluktuierenden Erzeugungseinheiten den Wind-und PV-Strommengen im Energiesystem ''Platz machen'' und den Strom in Phasen bereitstellen, wenn die fluktuierende Erneuerbaren Energie-Strommengen nicht zur Verfuegung stehen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ermittelt, wie sich der BiogasPark mit seiner hohen Zahl an

Political economy of renewable energy policy in Germany. A consideration of the policy making process in the electricity market under the influence of interest groups; Politische Oekonomie der Erneuerbare-Energien-Politik in Deutschland. Eine Betrachtung des Politikbildungsprozesses auf dem Strommarkt unter dem Einfluss von Interessengruppen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Tom

2015-07-01

In the research, it is argued that the targeted promotion of renewables leads to a change in the technological path dependency on the electricity market or led. The historically market depending portfolio of products in the conventional power industry will be replaced by an increasingly strong dependence on the product portfolio of Renewable Energy Sector according to this argumentation. The present work is devoted to the political explanation of the change and transition process in the electricity market. The process of policy formation in this market (especially support policies for renewable energies) will be discussed. It is examined from a public choice perspective, which political actors and instances in the past were responsible for the development and maintenance of individual policy elements. In particular, in this analysis the different private sector stakeholders in the electricity market move to center of attention. [German] In der Forschung wird argumentiert, dass die gezielte Foerderung der Erneuerbaren zu einer Veraenderung der technologischen Pfadabhaengigkeit am Strommarkt fuehrt bzw. gefuehrt hat. Die historisch bedingte Marktabhaengigkeit vom Angebotsportfolio der konventionellen Stromindustrie wird im Rahmen dieser Argumentation durch eine zunehmend starke Abhaengigkeit vom Angebotsportfolio des Erneuerbare-Eenergie-Bereichs ersetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der politischen Erklaerung des Veraenderungs- bzw. Uebergangsprozesses am Strommarkt. Der Prozess der Politikbildung auf diesem Markt (v.a. der Foerderpolitik fuer erneuerbare Energien) wird diskutiert. Es wird aus einer Public-Choice-Perspektive untersucht, welche politischen Akteure und Instanzen in der Vergangenheit fuer die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung einzelner Politikelemente verantwortlich waren. Insbesondere ruecken bei dieser Betrachtung die unterschiedlichen privatwirtschaftlichen Interessengruppen am Strommarkt ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit.

Solution-Processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Molecular, Morphological, Interfacial and Device Engineering

OpenAIRE

Min, Jie

2015-01-01

In letzter Zeit haben erneuerbare Energien wie Windkraft, Biomasse, und Solarenergie mehr und mehr an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Neben den verschiedenen Technologien im Feld der erneuerbaren Energien ist die Photovoltaik (PV) eines der bekanntesten geworden. Derzeit lässt sich die PV Technologie in drei Generationen einteilen. Verglichen mit den anderen beiden Klassen der PV auf dem Markt, besitzt die organische Photovoltaik (OPV) vorherrschende Vorteile wie Leichtgewicht, mechanische Flexibi...

Obstacles to implementation; Huerden auf dem Weg in die Praxis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klempert, Oliver

2010-11-23

Photovoltaic systems have always promised autonomy to customers. The new German Renewables Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) provides reimbursement for self-consumption of power generated on site. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome. (orig.)

ILSE - an attractive tutoring system for renewable energy on the Internet; ILSE - Ein interaktives Lernsystem fuer erneuerbare Energien im Internet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quaschning, V.; Hanitsch, R. [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Elektrische Energietechnik

1997-12-31

Experiences gained by members of the Berlin Universiy of Technology show that information on solar energy plants is increasingly being accessed on the Internet also by non-scientists. This led the authors of the present article to the idea of developing an interactive tutoring system for renewable energy which goes far beyond a mere presentation of information and graphics. The article describes ILSE, the system that finally emerged from this initiative. (HW) [Deutsch] Die Erfahrungen der TU Berlin zeigen, dass in zunehmendem Masse auch Nicht-Wissenschaftler Informationen zu Solarsystemen ueber den Internetzugang abfragen. Hieraus entstand die Idee, das interaktive Lernsystem fuer erneuerbare Energie ILSE zu entwickeln, das ueber die reine Darstellung von Informationen und Grafiken weit hinausgeht. Das System wird vorgestellt. (HW)

Electric power in the competitive market - Investing capital for cleaner energy generation still a rewarding business? New perspectives for electrical energy efficiency improvement, the cogeneration technology, and renewable energy generation; Strom im Wettbewerb - Lohnen sich Investitionen in saubere Energien noch? Neue Perspektiven fuer effiziente Stromnutzung, Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung und Erneuerbare Energien. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwanhold, E. [comp.

2000-07-01

;'Neue Perspektiven fuer dezentrale Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung''. Vom Forum C, ''Neue Perspektiven fuer erneuerbare Energien'', wurde ein Vortrag fuer die Datenbank bearbeitet. (orig./CB)

Equal chances are necessary. Political expert Bruno Frick discusses the competitive situation of the various energy sources; Wir fordern gleichlange Spiesse. Politiker Bruno Frick zur Wettbewerbssituation der Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haag, J.

1997-11-01

Swiss politician Bruno Frick is in favour of renewable energy sources. In his opinion, future generations should not pay for our faults. HAUSTECH interviewed him about the Federal investment programme and on renewable energy sources in general. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bruno Frick, CVP-Staenderat aus dem Kanton Schwyz, gehoehrt im eidgenoessischen Parlament zu den dezidierten Befuerwortern erneuerbarer Energien. Der Grund: Die Konzequenzen davon, wie wir heute mit der Energie umgehen, haben nach seiner Ueberzeugung kommende Generationen zu tragen. `HAUS TECH` hat sich deshalb mit dem engagierten Politiker ueber das vom Bund initiierte Investitionsprogramm und generell ueber die erneuerbaren Energien unterhalten. (orig.)

German legislation for promotion of renewable energies 2014. Act on feed-in and guaranteed pricing of electricity from renewable energy sources (EEG). Commentary. 7. new rev. ed.; Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz 2014. Gesetz fuer den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien. Kommentar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salje, Peter [Hannover Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Zivilrecht und Recht der Wirtschaft

2015-07-01

The EEG is continuously subjected to changes and the permanent center of political discussions. Therefore now already the 7th edition of the EEG comment of the science and practice well recognized and highly recognized author Prof. Dr. Dr. Peter Salje appear. The revision includes, inter alia, further evaluation of the law of electric power produced from renewable energy sources from the EEG of 2012 and the regulations made there under (including Biomass and AusglMechV). The changes associated with the so-called Photovoltaic amendment dated August 2012 and the recent case law since the publication of the previous edition handed down are considered. In particular, the incorporation of the full basic EEG reform in 2014 guarantees the highest topicality. [German] Das EEG ist fortlaufend Neuerungen unterworfen und im staendigen Mittelpunkt der politischen Diskussionen. In nunmehr bereits 7. Auflage erscheint daher der EEG-Kommentar von dem in Wissenschaft und Praxis bestens ausgewiesenen und hoechst anerkannten Autor Prof. Dr. Dr. Peter Salje. Die Neubearbeitung umfasst u.a. die weitere Auswertung des Rechts der Stromerzeugung aus Erneuerbaren Energien aus dem EEG 2012 und den dazu ergangenen Verordnungen (u.a. BiomasseV und AusglMechV). Die mit der sog. Photovoltaik-Novelle vom August 2012 einhergehenden Aenderungen sowie die seit Erscheinen der Vorauflage ergangene Rechtsprechung werden beruecksichtigt. Insbesondere die vollumfaengliche Einarbeitung der grundlegenden EEG-Reform 2014 garantiert hoechste Aktualitaet.

6. Kassel symposium on energy system engineering. On-site energy generation using renewable energy sources. Proceedings 2001; 6. Kasseler Symposium: Energie-Systemtechnik. Erneuerbare Energien und rationelle Energieverwendung. Innovative Energiewandler. Tagungsband 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caselitz, P. (comp.)

2001-07-01

The sixth Kassel symposium on energy system engineering. On-site energy generation using renewable energy sources focuses on the subject of innovative energy converter. The status and the development of generally known technologies is not only supposed to be reported on but also some conversion methods, which are currently not too well known. The changed frame conditions in the field of energy economy cause some systems, which have already been developed, to appear in a new light. The first talk of this symposium does not really discuss a method of energy conversion compared to the other talks. It rather describes a scenario that focuses on silicium as future energy carrier. Further contributions report on new, innovative concepts for electrical partial systems of wind and water power plants with variable revolution. Modern design methods for water turbines are presented with the example of hydraulic turbo-engines. Three contributions present the current status of technology and perspectives in the field of photovoltaics, thermal photovoltaics as well as new developments in the field of solarthermal systems. Talks about micro gas turbines and fuel cells discuss the use of these systems in dual purpose power plants and in the field of energy supply for houses. Information about modern steam engines and the use of Stirling engines in the field of biomass utilization complete the subject range of this symposium. (orig.) [German] Das 6. Kasseler Symposium zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und rationellen Energieverwendung widmet sich dem Thema Innovative Energiewandler. Dabei soll nicht nur ueber den Stand und die Entwicklung weithin bekannter Technologien berichtet werden. Vorgestellt werden auch einige Konversionsverfahren, deren Bekanntheitsgrad heute noch gering ist. Auch lassen die veraenderten Rahmenbedingungen in der Energiewirtschaft einige im Prinzip entwickelte Systeme moeglicherweise in einem neuen Licht erscheinen. Der erste Beitrag des Symposiums setzt

Renewable energy sources. Erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-01-01

To judge future trends in work on the exploitation of renewable energy sources for overall energy supply, it is necessary to know the following: the rules that nature abides by, the principles of technical exploitation of these energies, and the basic data for the current state of development. The above information is compiled in this publication for those renewable energy sources on which topical discussion centres: solar radiation and wind. For the remaining renowable energy sources (e.g. biomass, tidal power, geothermal energy), some examples of use are mentioned and advanced literature is indicated. (orig./HSCH).

Co-operative research for future energy supply; Gemeinsam Forschen fuer die Energie der Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stadermann, G.; Szczepanski, P. (comps.)

2000-10-01

The FVS ForschungsVerbund Sonnenenergie was founded in 1990 and covers the whole spectrum of solar and renewable energy sources, from solid state physics to agriculture and technology assessment. [German] Seit der Entstehnung des FVS ForschungsVerbund Sonnenenergie haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen fuer die Erforschung der solaren und erneuerbaren Energien verbessert: Sie wurden in den letzten Jahren weiter erschlossen und haben an Bekanntheit und Sympathie gewonnen. Die von der Bundesregierung angestrebte Energiewende bedeutet eine Zaesur in der deutschen Energieversorgung und fuehrt zu einer staerkeren Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien. Sie werden zunehmend als markt- und zukunftsfaehiger Wirtschaftsfaktor wahrgenommen, zu dessen Erschliessung intensive Forschung und Entwicklung notwendig ist. Der Verbund gewinnt daher verstaerkt die Industrie und die Energiewirtschaft als Kooperationspartner im Forschungssektor. Das Themenspektrum im FVS ForschungsVerbund Sonnenenergie umfasst weitgehend alle solaren und erneuerbaren Energien. Diese Themen beinhalten eine Fuelle von einzelnen wissenschaftlichen Problemstellungen von der Festkoerperphysik bis zu agrarwissenschaftlichen Fragen nachwachsender Energierohstoffe und zur Technologiebewertung. (orig.)

The fermentation technology in biological waste treatment; Die Vergaerungstechnologie bei der biologischen Abfallbehandlung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumann, Torsten [STRABAG Umweltanlagen GmbH, Dresden (Germany)

2012-11-01

Anaerobic treatment of organic waste is getting increasingly important, and there is also increasing acceptance for combining waste management with power generation. Anaerobic processes have long been competing with composting of native organic waste materials. While they are technically more complex, they have advantages over composting. They are climate-neutral with regard to CO{sub 2} emissions. This supports the intention of the German government, i.e. to reduce climate-relevant gaseous emissions by 40% by 2020 as compared to 1990, and to have a 35% share of renewable energy sources in electric power supply by 2020. The German Renewables Act (EEG) provided a basis for the establishment and further development of fermentation technology since 2004. (orig.) [German] Die anaerobe Behandlung von organischen Abfaellen gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Entsorgungsaufgabe mit der Erzeugung von Energie zu verbinden wird dabei zunehmend akzeptiert. Vergaerungsverfahren lagen dabei lange Zeit im wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerb zur Kompostierung von nativ-organischen Abfaellen. Anaerobe Verfahren sind technisch aufwendiger, haben jedoch gegenueber der Kompostierung deutliche Vorteile. Sie arbeiten bezueglich der CO{sub 2}-Emissionen klimaneutral. Dies unterstuetzt die Vorgabe der Bundesregierung bis 2020 die treibhausrelevanten Gase gegenueber 1990 um 40% zu reduzieren sowie bis 2020 35% der Stromversorgung durch erneuerbare Energien bereitzustellen. Das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) hat seit 2004 die Etablierung und Weiterentwicklung der Vergaerungstechnologie dabei wesentlich gepraegt. (orig.)

Campaigns for renewable energy - the evaluation of 'Solar-na klar.' and a framework concept for new campaigns; Kampagnen fuer erneuerbare Energien - Die Evaluation von 'Solar-na klar.' und Empfehlungen fuer neue Kampagnen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duscha, M.; Schuele, R.; Gross, D.; Lambrecht, K.; Lucius, W.; Johansson, J.; Rieder, S.

2002-04-01

, localized relevant target groups and condensed recent image studies about renewable energies in Germany. As a result, the report details the main elements and conditions that are necessary for campaigns that cover all types of renewable energies, such campaigns are supported in principal by all stakeholder groups. (orig.) [German] (a) Die Kampagne 'Solar - na klar.' unterstuetzt seit 1999 eine verstaerkte Verbreitung von solarthermischen Anlagen durch vielfaeltige Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit und Dienstleistungen. Die Evaluation der Kampagne kam bezueglich der externen Wirkungen zu ueberwiegend positiven Ergebnissen: Die zentralen Zielgruppen, Handwerker und der Ein-/Zweifamilienhausbesitzer, wurden durch die Kampagne gut erreicht und mit gutem Informationsmaterial angesprochen. Darueber hinaus schaetzte ca. ein Viertel der Haushalte, die eine solarthermische Anlage installierten, den Einfluss der Kampagne eher hoch ein. Allerdings vermissten die Haushalte zum Teil weiterfuehrende Informationen. Auch die befragten Handwerker aeusserten eine relativ grosse Zufriedenheit mit der Kampagne. Sie nutzten die bereitgestellten Informationsmaterialien der Kampagne jedoch nur sehr selten. Die Evaluation der internen Grundlagen und Prozesse fuehrt zu ambivalenten Ergebnissen: Beispielsweise ist es der Kampagne auf der einen Seite gelungen, eine breite und heterogene Traegerschaft zu gewinnen und flexibel auf aeussere Anforderungen zu reagieren. Auf der anderen Seite stellten sich Probleme in der Steuerung und im Konfliktmanagement ein. Hierzu trugen u.a. eine nicht ausreichend integrierte Projektplanung sowie strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den Partnern bei. Die Evaluation muendet in der zentralen Empfehlung, die Kampagne in modififizierter Form fortzusetzen. Verbesserungsmoeglichkeiten sehen die Evaluatoren u.a. in der verstaerkten Einbindung regionaler Aktvitaeten. (b) Als Grundlage fuer die Empfehlungen fuer weitere Kampagnen fuer erneuerbare Energien analysierte das ifeu

2015 DACH annual meeting. NDE in research, development and application. Abstracts; DACH-Jahrestagung 2015. ZfP in Forschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-07-01

The main topics of this meeting are: Computed Tomography; Air Ultrasound; Accreditation, certification, validation; CT algorithms; Ultrasound - imaging; Education; Digital X-ray detectors; Ultrasound - Simulation; Material characterization; Train; Phased Array; Aviation; Acoustic emission testing; Leak testing; Local defect resonance; Composite materials; Building construction; Standards and regulations; Condition and production monitoring; Surface method; POD; Renewable energy; Thermography. [German] Die Themenschwerpunkte auf dieser Tagung waren: Computertomographie; Luftultraschall; Akkreditierung, Zertifizierung, Validierung; CT Algorithmen; Ultraschall - Bildgebung; Ausbildung; Digitale Roentgendetektoren; Ultraschall - Simulation; Materialcharakterisierung; Bahn; Phased Array; Luftfahrt; Schallemissionspruefung; Dichtheitspruefung; Lokale Defektresonanz; Verbundwerkstoffe; Bauwesen; Normen und Regelwerke; Zustands- und Fertigungsueberwachung; Oberflaechenverfahren; POD; Erneuerbare Energien; Thermographie.

CH50% - A Switzerland with a consumption of fossil energy split in half; CH50% - Eine Schweiz mit halbiertem Verbrauch an fossilen Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-06-01

The Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences has investigated the possibilities and the consequences of a consumption reduction by 50 % of fossil energy agents within a time frame of 20 to 40 years. A working group of the Academy has made a study on the subject of if and when it would be possible to reduce the consumption of fossil energy in Switzerland by 50 % compared to 1990. The working group came to the conclusion that a reduction of well over 40 % would be feasible by the year 2020, principally due to an improvement in efficiency. This takes into account the substitution potential by renewable energy alternatives. A reduction by 50% will be possible in the second quarter of the 21st century under the condition that both today's known technologies are indeed exploited and that energy prices are increased. For Switzerland's economy and society no unacceptable impacts will thereby result. (author) [German] Die Schweizerische Akademie der Technischen Wissenschaften (SATW) hat Moeglichkeiten und Konsequenzen eines um 50 % verringerten Verbrauchs an fossilen Energietraegern in der Schweiz in einem Zeitrahmen von 20-40 Jahren untersucht. Eine Arbeitsgruppe ihrer Kommission Energie unter dem Vorsitz von Hans Jucker (bis 1997 VR-Praesident der Alusuisse-Lonza Holding AG) kam zum Schluss, dass bis zum Jahre 2020 eine Reduktion um gut 40 % primaer durch Effizienzverbesserungen moeglich ist. Dabei ist das Substitutionspotential durch erneuerbare Energien beruecksichtigt. Eine Halbierung ist im Verlaufe des 2. Quartals des 21. Jahrhunderts erreichbar, wobei vorausgesetzt wird, dass die heute bekannten Technologien tatsaechlich genutzt werden und die Energie verteuert wird. Dabei werden f?r Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft keine unzumutbaren Auswirkungen erwartet.

Applying ERNEUERBAR KOMM. in the context of rural development in north eastern Bavaria (Mittelfranken); ERNEUERBAR KOMM. Anwendung im Rahmen der Laendlichen Entwicklung Mittelfranken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brumberg, Friedrich-Wilhelm [Amt fuer Laendliche Entwicklung Mittelfranken, Ansbach (Germany)

2012-07-01

Rural areas in Bavaria are faced with the same challenges as everywhere: Demographic chane, structural changes in agriculture and in small industries and trade, global climate change, and the requirements of the intended energy turnaround. This requires regional solutions. The contribution outlines the research project 'Integrative potential analysis for renewable energy sources' (ERNEUERBAR KOMM.) led by Prof. Dr. Klaerle (Ms.). Currently, the Mittelfranken regional development authority is carrying out two potential analyses in 12 communities, and five more regions with a total of 40 communities intend to participate as well.

5. Kassel symposium on energy systems engineering: On-site energy generation using renewable energy sources. Proceedings 2000; 5. Kasseler Symposium: Energie-Systemtechnik. Erneuerbare Energien- und rationelle Energieverwendung. Dezentrale Energieversorgung mit hohem regenerativen Anteil. Tagungsband 2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwarz, R. (comp.)

2000-07-01

The focal topic of the 5th Kassel Symposium on Energy Systems Engineering was ''Decentralised energy supply with a high share of renewable energies''. The contributions covered a wide range of issues including the potential of renewable energies, supply and operating concepts, components, systems engineering and future perspectives. [German] Das 5. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik legt seinen Schwerpunkt auf das Thema: 'Dezentrale Energieversorgung mit hohem regenerativem Anteil'. Es spannt hierzu einen Bogen von den Potenzialen der Erneuerbaren Energien ueber Versorgungs- und Betriebsfuehrungskonzepte sowie Komponenten und Systemtechnik bis hin zu zukuenftigen Perspektiven. (orig.)

SEEMLA: 'Filling the gap' - The Future of bioenergy in the EU and the role of biomass from marginal lands

Science.gov (United States)

Baumgarten, Wibke; Kerckow, Birger

2017-04-01

The main objective of the H2020 funded EU project SEEMLA is the establishment of suitable innovative land-use strategies for a sustainable production of plant-based energy on marginal lands while improving general ecosystem services. In the context of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG, Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz) and the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) a concept should be developed with SEEMLA for a sustainable use of domestic biomass in order to be able to 'fill the gap' of the future demand in renewable resources as an energy source till 2050. The project partner countries are Italy, the Ukraine and Greece besides Germany.

„NEW“ – Neue Energien West eG und Bürger-Energiegenossenschaft West eG

OpenAIRE

Amschler, Helmut

2014-01-01

Helmut Amschler, Vorstand der Stadtwerke Grafenwöhr, stellt in seinem Beitrag 2 konkrete Genossenschaften – die Neue Energien West eG und die Bürger-Energiegenossenschaft West eG vor. Dabei diskutiert er u. a. Kriterien wie Bürgerbeteiligung und Transparenz.

Cutting unemployment by a factor of two. Increased use of renewable energies would create 63000 new jobs; Nur noch halb so viele Arbeitslose. Vermehrte Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wuerde 63000 Arbeitsplaetze schaffen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aeberli, O

1999-07-01

In Switzerland, poor energy efficiency costs yearly about 12 billions CHF or 1700 CHF per inhabitant. More news: if renewable energies (solar and wind energy, biomass) would be promoted with concrete targets, job creation balance would result in the positive result of about 63,000 new jobs. These are conclusions from an economic study by Professor Ernst von Weizsaecker, ordered by the association 'Solar 91'. This confirms the energy policy adopted by the Swiss Association of air conditioning companies 'Clima Suisse'. (author) [German] Die mangelnde Energieeffizienz kostet der Schweiz rund 12 Millarden CHF pro Jahr oder 1700 CHF pro Einwohner. Doch damit nicht genug: durch die gezielte Foerderung der erneuerbaren Energien (Sonne, Wind, Biomasse) koennten netto rund 63,000 neue Arbeitsplaetze geschaffen werden. Dies hat eine Wirtschaftsstudie von Professor Ernst von Weizsaecker ergeben, welche die Arbeitsgemeinschaft 'Solar 91' in Auftrag gegeben hat. Der Branchenverband 'Clima Suisse' sieht sich durch diese Studie in seiner Energiepolitik bestaetigt. (author)

Service concepts EnBW Baltic-1 and Baltic-2 and first operational experiences with the offshore wind farm EnBW Baltic-1; Servicekonzepte EnBW Baltic-1 und Baltic-2 sowie erste Betriebserfahrungen des Offshore-Windparks EnBW Baltic-1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boll, Michael [EnBW Erneuerbare Energien GmbH, Stuttgart (Germany)

2013-02-01

EnBW Erneuerbare Energien GmbH, a wholly-owned subsidiary of EnBW AG, intends to operate two offshore wind farms in each of the Baltic and North Sea, respectively. The main distinguishing criterion for service concepts for operating offshore wind farms is the question of the service base location and of the maritime logistics. The paper provides an exemplary comparison between land- and sea-based service concepts, and assumes accessibility of the plant at specific offshore locations under various weather conditions. The paper not only presents the so far satisfactory production results of EnBW Baltic 1 but also informs about experience with weather conditions in the Baltic and about type and frequency of services provided there.

`Mountain Hut` promotion programme of Isar Amperwerke - interim project report; Foerderprogramm Berghuetten der Isar-Amperwerke - Projektstatus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfeiffer, G.; Reiner, H. [Isar-Amperwerke AG, Abt. ETK, Muenchen (Germany)

1997-12-31

The purpose of the ``Mountain Hut`` promotion programme is to accelerate the conversion of mountain hut power supply systems to renewables. Under this programme, which exclusively promotes the installation of renewable energy systems (hydropower, solar energy, wind power, biomass), Isar Amperwerke contributes up to a maximum of 50% of the investment costs. The present article briefly reports on four projects that have already been realised. (HW) [Deutsch] Mit dem Foerderprogramm `Berghuetten` soll die Stromversorgung von Berghuetten staerker auf erneuerbare Energietraeger umgestellt werden. Die Zuschussrate der Isar-Amper-Werke betraegt dabei maximal 50%, wobei nur regenerative Energien (Wasserkraft, Solarenergie, Windkraft und Biomasse) gefoerdert werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Ueberblick ueber vier schon realisierte Projekte. (HW)

Importance of hydropower for the global power generation; Bedeutung der Wasserkraft fuer die weltweite Stromerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; RWE AG, Essen (Germany)

2015-10-15

The renewable energy sources have in the last ten years - not only in Germany, but also worldwide - can post disproportionately strong growth rates. This is especially true in the electricity production. Especially the new renewable energies have a stable, strong growth and gain as compared to the conventional generation ever more ground. Nevertheless, hydropower remains by far the most important source of renewable energy in electricity generation. An analysis shows that hydropower can make significant contributions to sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply by 2050, if it is possible to raise their still unused potential. [German] Die erneuerbaren Energien haben in den letzten zehn Jahren - nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch weltweit - ueberproportional starke Zuwachsraten verbuchen koennen. Dies gilt insbesondere in der Stromerzeugung. Gerade die neuen erneuerbaren Energien weisen ein bestaendiges, starkes Wachstum auf und gewinnen so gegenueber der konventionellen Erzeugung immer weiter an Boden. Trotzdem ist die Wasserkraft unveraendert die mit Abstand bedeutendste erneuerbare Energiequelle in der Stromerzeugung. Eine Analyse zeigt, dass die Wasserkraft bis 2050 signifikante Beitraege zu einer nachhaltigen und klimaschonenden Energieversorgung leisten kann, wenn es gelingt, ihre noch ungenutzen Potenziale zu heben.

Renewable energy in Thailand; Renewable Energy in Thailand

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morstadt, Till [Lorenz and Partners, Bangkok (Thailand)

2016-01-15

The following article should represent an overview of the situation of the energy sector in Thailand (I), in particular is referred to the recent Energy Plan 2036 (II.). The focus of this plan - and, accordingly, this paper - is on renewable energy. In addition to the general importance of renewable energy for Thailand the article should deal in detail with the various funding opportunities that the Thai government makes available to investors (III). In addition, under IV. the foreign Investors restrictions in force and possible exemptions thereof are discussed. Finally, it should, as far as possible, a view be given to future developments (V.). [German] Der nachfolgende Beitrag soll einen Ueberblick ueber die Situation des Energiesektors in Thailand darstellen (1.), wobei insbesondere Bezug genommen wird auf den kuerzlich veroeffentlichten Energieplan 2036 (II.). Der Fokus dieses Planes - und dementsprechend dieses Beitrages - liegt auf erneuerbaren Energien. Neben der allgemeinen Bedeutung erneuerbarer Energien fuer Thailand soll detailliert auf die einzelnen Foerdermoeglichkeiten eingegangen werden, die die thailaendische Regierung Investoren zur Verfuegung stellt (111.). Zudem werden unter IV. die fuer auslaendische Investoren geltenden Beschraenkungen und moegliche Befreiungen hiervon eroertert. Abschliessend soll, soweit moeglich, ein Ausblick auf zukuenftige.Entwicklungen gegeben werden (V.).

Renewable energy sources in Europe; Erneuerbare Energien in Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Thorsten; Kahl, Hartmut (eds.)

2015-07-01

The book on renewable energy sources in Europe includes contributions on the following issues: Europe's energy and climate policy on the crossroad; possible promotion of renewable energy in Europe; regulation and innovations in a multi-level system - European energy and climate protection legislation - freedom of action for the member states; lessons learned - in the implementation of the European renewable energy guideline; Options for the development of the renewable energy guideline; status and development of the legal system of the energy domestic market; actual developments in the legislation of the EuGH on the compatibility of green electricity promotion systems with free movement on goods; Europe without critical power situations; prerequisites and consequences of a European electricity market coupling; selected grants of the EU commission for green energy promotion; assistance guidelines of the EU commission for energy and environment purposes.

German energy market in 2015; Deutscher Energiemarkt 2015

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; Weltenergierat - Deutschland, Berlin (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe ' ' Energie fuer Deutschland' '

2016-03-15

The given basic orientation of the energy concept of the federal government for the German energy supply increased towards renewable energy while increasing energy efficiency determines the market trend. In the present case, a current overview of the German energy market will be given of this year providing a concentrated compilation of the central main features of the energy industry. As in previous years, the article summarizes not only general facts about the energy, but also goes in detail on the development of the individual fuels such as oil, natural gas, lignite and hard coal, nuclear energy and renewable energies. Furthermore, the price trends are described in the international markets and in the domestic market. [German] Die im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Grundausrichtung der deutschen Energieversorgung hin zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bestimmt die Marktentwicklung. Vorliegend wird ein aktueller Ueberblick ueber den deutschen Energiemarkt gegeben, der auch in diesem Jahr eine konzentrierte Zusammenstellung der zentralen Eckdaten der Energiewirtschaft leistet. Wie in den Jahren zuvor fasst der Artikel nicht nur allgemeine Fakten zum Energiemix zusammen, sondern geht auch ausfuehrlich auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Energietraeger Erdoel, Erdgas, Braun- und Steinkohle, Kernenergie sowie regenerative Energien ein. Ferner werden die Preistendenzen auf den internationalen Maerkten und im Inland erlaeutert.

Hydrogen and fuel cells. Energy technology without emissions and with high efficiency; Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen. Energietechnologie ohne Emissionen und mit hoher Effizienz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-11-15

In what manner are the fuel cell technology, hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, and reduced CO2 emissions connected, and what are the consequences for the German state of Hessen? This document informs on the available types fo fuel cells, the role of hydrogen as a secondary energy source in the context of the future ''power-from-renewables'' scenario, electromobility and fuel cells, and the activities of the German state of Hessen in this sector (''H2BZ-Initiative Hessen''). The publication also contains important facts on power and emissions as well as exemplary projects of communities, the power industry, and private partners in Hessen. [German] Wie haengen Brennstoffzellentechnologie, Wasserstoffgewinnung durch erneuerbare Energien und die Reduzierung des CO2-Ausstosses zusammen, und welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus fuer Hessen? Welche Arten von Brennstoffzellen es gibt, welche Rolle Wasserstoff als Sekundaerenergietraeger bei der Nutzung von erneuerbaren Energien in Zukunft spielen kann, was das Thema Elektromobilitaet mit der Brennstoffzelle zu tun hat, wie und warum sich das Land Hessen und die Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellen-Initiative Hessen - kurz H2BZ-Initiative Hessen - fuer die Akteure in diesen Branchen stark machen, erfaehrt man in diesem Dokument. Dazu findet man wichtige Fakten zum Thema Energie und Emissionen sowie beispielhafte Projekte hessischer Akteure.

Energy report 2016; Energiebericht 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-07-01

The energy report 2016 of the Ministry of the Environment, Climate and Energy Industry Baden-Wuerttemberg and the Statistical Office provides a solid, reliable data foundation on the topics of energy consumption, electricity and heat generation and renewable energies. It provides a comprehensive overview of the years 2013 and 2014 in Baden-Württemberg and also makes it possible to make an informed assessment of energy sector developments through long-term data series. [German] Der Energiebericht 2016 des Ministeriums fuer Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft Baden-Württemberg und des Statistischen Landesamtes bietet ein solides, verlaessliches Datenfundament rund um die Themen Energieverbrauch, Strom- und Waermeerzeugung und erneuerbare Energien. Er gewaehrt einen umfassenden Ueberblick ueber die Jahre 2013 und 2014 in Baden-Wuerttemberg und ermoeglicht darueber hinaus durch langfristig verfuegbare Datenreihen eine fundierte Bewertung der energiewirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen.

Powerful near-surface geothermal energy with vertical groundwater circulation; Leistungsfaehige oberflaechennahe Geothermie mit vertikaler Grundwasserzirkulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viernickel, Michael [Geo-En Energy Technologies GmbH, Berlin (Germany). Bereich Produktentwicklung und Projektierung komplexer Energiesysteme unter Einsatz von Geothermie

2013-03-15

The conversion of energy supply based on renewable energies will be electricity based and the efficient provision of heating and cooling can be done by electric heat pumps. In cities, however, where the open areas for geothermal systems are scarce, groundwater-based systems can be a powerful option. The development of a large heat reservoir via a single bore is possible with vertical groundwater circulation systems and is described here. [German] Der Umbau der Energieversorgung auf erneuerbare Energien wird Strom basiert sein und eine effiziente Bereitstellung von Waerme und Kaelte kann durch elektrische Waermepumpen erfolgen. Innerstaedtisch sind die Freiflaechen fuer Geothermieanlagen allerdings knapp, so dass Grundwasser basierte Anlagen eine leistungsfaehige Option darstellen koennen. Die Erschliessung eines grossen Waerme-Reservoirs ueber nur eine Bohrung ist mit vertikalen Grundwasserzirkulationsanlagen moeglich und wird hier beschrieben.

Energy policy objectives scenarios 2050. Reactions on the need for expansion of wind energy and photovoltaics; Energiepolitische Zielszenarien 2050. Rueckwirkungen auf den Ausbaubedarf von Windenergie und Photovoltaik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deutsch, Matthias [Agora Energiewende, Berlin (Germany); Gerhardt, Norman; Sandau, Fabian [Fraunhofer Institut fuer Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik (IWES), Kassel (Germany). Gruppe Energiewirtschaft und Systemanalyse

2015-12-15

The energy policy debate about renewable energies in Germany is currently focused almost exclusively on expansion targets of the power sector. Imost cases it remains an open question how much current is needed in the long term. A comparison of four cross-sectoral target scenarios shows that electricity consumption in 2050 in many cases could be much higher, depending on the assumptions and interpretation of climate targets than previously thought. [German] Die energiepolitische Diskussion um erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland konzentriert sich zurzeit fast ausschliesslich auf die Ausbauziele im Stromsektor. Dabei bleibt zumeist die Frage offen, wie viel Strom langfristig benoetigt wird. Ein Vergleich von vier sektoruebergreifenden Zielszenarien zeigt, dass der Stromverbrauch im Jahr 2050 je nach Annahmen und Interpretation der Klimaziele weitaus hoeher liegen koennte als bisher vielfach angenommen.

Renewable energy sources, subsidised indefinitely?; Erneuerbare Energien. Ein ewiger Subventionstatbestand?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muehlhaeuser, Kurt; Roth, Hans [Stadtwerke Muenchen GmbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2012-08-15

The German Renewables Act, EEG, specified a guaranteed reimbursement rate for electric power from renewable energy sources. Normally, the reimbursement rate is far higher than the market value of the power generated and thus makes the plant economically interesting for its owner. It remains to be seen if the renewable energy sources with the biggest potential, i.e. wind power and solar power, will have to be subsidized indefinitely, or whether they can find their place in the electricity market also without the EEG and other funding mechanisms.

Governance processes for renewable energies; Governance-Prozesse fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klagge, Britta; Arbach, Cora (eds.)

2013-08-01

The ''Energiewende'' (energy turnaround) and the expansion of renewable energies in Germany is at a point, where, beside the undisputable successes and future opportunities, the problems and conflicts around renewable energy production have become increasingly apparent. The challenge today lies in the further development of the successfully implemented political instruments and of the underlying governance structures. This article summarizes the most important findings of the report as policy recommendations.

Power supply in future: ecological aspects; Kuenftige Stromversorgung: Oekologische Aspekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hustedt, M.

2000-06-01

, Heizungsanlagentechnik, Warmwasserzubereitung u.a.). Zur oekologischen Stromversorgung muss der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien zu einer tragenden Saeule unserer Energieversorgung ausgebaut werden. Dazu gehoeren u.a. das 100 000-Daecher-Programm der Bundesregierung und das Foerderprogramm fuer marktnahe erneuerbare Energietraeger. Die Energieforschung muss eine andere Orientierung erhalten und den Umbau der Energieversorgung beschleunigen: Energiespartechnologien und erneuerbare Energien muessen vorrangig gefoerdert werden. Besonders wichtig ist auch eine Staerkung der Kommunen sowie der Stadtwerke. Dies beinhaltet eine Ueberarbeitung der energierechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, die die Stadtwerke dabei unterstuetzen muessen, sich als Energieversorger auf den Wettbewerb einzustellen. Die neue Energiepolitik wird im Dialog entwickelt, wobei mit allen beteiligten Akteuren eine Zukunftsperspektive innerhalb des liberalisierten Energiemarktes erarbeitet werden soll, um dem Ziel einer umweltvertraeglichen und zukunftsfaehigen Energieversorgung naeher zu kommen. (orig.)

Renewable energy sources from the agriculture; Erneuerbare Energien aus der Landwirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaul, Thomas

2013-06-01

The sustainable and efficient production of renewable energy from agricultural resources is an active contribution to the climate protection. This is a serious issue for farmers, particularly as the climatic change affects the production of the farmers. The brochure under consideration shows how farmers can not only produce energy efficiently, but also use energy at their own farms. With this, not only an independence from the energy suppliers is achieved, but also the energy supply is supplied.

Renewable energy sources and nuclear installations; Erneuerbare Energien und neue Nuklearanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirschberg, S.; Bauer, Ch.; Burgherr, P.; Stucki, S.; Vogel, F.; Biollaz, S.; Schulz, T.; Durisch, W.; Hardegger, P.; Foskolos, K.; Meier, A.; Schenler, W.

2005-02-15

This comprehensive work report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) made by the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI takes a look at work done in connection with the updating of the office's Energy Perspectives. In particular, the topic of electricity is reviewed in the light of pending important decisions in the area of nuclear energy and the newer renewable sources of energy. The report makes an attempt to estimate the effect on Swiss power production that the new renewables and new nuclear installations could have in the next 30-40 years and to what costs this could be done and which obstacles would have to overcome. The renewable energy sources include small hydro, wind, photovoltaics, solar thermal power plants, biogas, geothermal energy, wave-power and solar chemistry. The methods used include literature study and contacts with internal PSI experts on the various areas involved. The most important system characteristics were noted and learning curves for the various technologies were taken into account. Ecological and social factors were also considered

Renewable energies 2020. Potential atlas Germany; Erneuerbare Energien 2020. Potenzialatlas Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Janine; Muehlenhoff, Joerg

2009-11-15

A future energy policy equally has to pursue environmental protection and climate protection, economic efficiency as well as supply security. Renewable energies substantially contribute to this. In the last decade, the Federal Government of Germany showed that a strong development of renewable energies is possible within a short time. For the year 2020, the industry prognosticates an amount of the renewable energies of 47 % at the consumption of electricity, 25 % at the heat consumption, and 22 % at the fuel consumption in the traffic. The contribution under consideration shows that the surface which is needed for this is small. Depending upon climate, landscape, settlement structure and agrarian structure, each region offers its own different potentials.

Renewable energies. Ambivalences, governance, legal issues; Erneuerbare Energien. Ambivalenzen, Governance, Rechtsfragen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ekardt, Felix; Hennig, Bettina; Unnerstall, Herwig (eds.)

2012-07-01

The present publication is dedicated to renewable energies. The move to a new energy and climate policy impinges on many central humanistic issues (including issues of a legal, economic, sociological, ethical and politological nature). How is it possible to resolve the ambivalences that are associated with the use of renewable energies and which draw our attention not only to renewable energies as such but also to issues of energy efficiency and sufficiency. What political and economic instruments are needed in order to accelerate the market entry of renewable energies and at the same time contain the ambivalences associated with them? And what questions of legal interpretation result from the application of such instruments in practice, be it in the context of subsidies under the Renewable Energy Law or the laws on the planning of building projects. And where lie the causes of the fact seen here that so many individuals in business, the political realm and the public at large are finding it hard to go with the transition to renewable energies?.

Land has power. Energy transition an opportunity for rural areas. Documentation; Land unter Strom. Die Energiewende als Chance fuer den laendlichen Raum. Dokumentation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bredenbeck, Martin; Gotzmann, Inge (comps.)

2015-07-01

The energy transition affects the rural areas of Germany in particular. Which Opportunities and risks this brings there shows a new release of Bund Heimat und Umwelt in Deutschland (German heritage and Environmental Foundation (BHU)). The Federation of heritage and civic associations devoted to the question of how to the conventional expansion of renewable energies innovative options can added. Thereby a diversified positioning of energy use, the advancement of historical forms of use and the spatial differentiation are important factors. [German] Die Energiewende betrifft die laendlichen Raeume Deutschlands in besonderem Masse. Welche Chancen und Risiken sie dort bringt, zeigt eine Neuerscheinung des Bund Heimat und Umwelt in Deutschland (BHU). Der Bundesverband der Heimatverbaende, Heimat- und Buergervereine widmet sich der Frage, wie zum konventionellen Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien innovative Optionen hinzutreten koennen. Eine breite Aufstellung von Energienutzungen, die Weiterentwicklung historischer Nutzungsformen und die raeumliche Differenzierung sind dabei wichtige Faktoren.

The quantity does it? The EEG 2017 and the consequences for the German energy transition; Menge macht's? Das EEG 2017 und die Folgen fuer die deutsche Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meya, Jasper N.; Neetzow, Paul [Oldenburg Univ. (Germany); Humboldt Univ., Berlin (Germany); Neubauer, Linda; Pechan, Anna [Oldenburg Univ. (Germany)

2016-11-15

The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has so far been the driving force behind German energy transition and has found many imitators internationally as an effective funding instrument. With the reform of the EEG, which was approved by the Federal Government, the promotion of renewable energies (EE) was shifted from the current price to a quantity control. The present analysis of the impact of the switch to cost-efficiency, the diversity of actors, the achievement of the EE production targets and network consistency shows that the efficiency advantages of tendering may be reduced by higher transaction costs and regional expansion ambitions dampened. The tendered quantities are not sufficient for the long term to increase EE share to the targeted level. It is also doubtful whether a grid-compatible EE expansion is achieved. [German] Das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) war bislang der Motor der deutschen Energiewende und hat als effektives Foerderinstrument international viele Nachahmer gefunden. Mit der von der Bundesregierung beschlossenen Reform des EEG wird die Foerderung der erneuerbaren Energien (EE) von der bisherigen Preis- auf eine Mengensteuerung umgestellt. Die vorliegende Analyse der Auswirkungen der Umstellung auf Kosteneffizienz, Akteursvielfalt, Erreichen der EE-Erzeugungsziele und Netzkonformitaet zeigt, dass die Effizienzvorteile der Ausschreibungen ggf. durch hoehere Transaktionskosten verringert und regionale Ausbauambitionen gedaempft werden. Die ausgeschriebenen Mengen reichen langfristig nicht aus, um den EE-Anteil zielkonform zu erhoehen. Es ist zudem fraglich, ob ein netzkonformer EE-Ausbau erreicht wird.

German energy market 2017; Deutscher Energiemarkt 2017

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [Weltenergierat - Deutschland, Berlin (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe Energie fuer Deutschland; World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources

2018-03-15

The basic orientation of the German energy supply as specified in the energy concept of the Federal Government towards the increased use of renewable energies with simultaneous increase of energy efficiency still determines the market development. In the present case, a current overview of the German energy market 2017 is given, which provides a concentrated compilation of the key figures of the energy industry. As in previous years, the article not only summarizes general facts about the energy mix, but also deals in detail with the development of the individual energy sources oil, natural gas, brown and hard coal, nuclear energy and renewable energies. Furthermore, the price trends are explained on the international markets and inland. An overview of the development of greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2017 concludes the contribution. [German] Die im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Grundausrichtung der deutschen Energieversorgung hin zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bestimmt nach wie vor die Marktentwicklung. Vorliegend wird ein aktueller Ueberblick ueber den deutschen Energiemarkt 2017 gegeben, der eine konzentrierte Zusammenstellung der zentralen Eckdaten der Energiewirtschaft leistet. Wie in den Jahren zuvor fasst der Artikel nicht nur allgemeine Fakten zum Energiemix zusammen, sondern geht auch ausfuehrlich auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Energietraeger Erdoel, Erdgas, Braun und Steinkohle, Kernenergie sowie regenerative Energien ein. Ferner werden die Preistendenzen auf den internationalen Maerkten und im Inland erlaeutert. Eine Uebersicht ueber die Entwicklung der Treibhausgas-Emissionen von 1990 bis 2017 schliesst den Beitrag ab.

German energy market 2016; Deutscher Energiemarkt 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; Weltenergierat, Berlin (Germany). Arbeitsgruppe Energie fuer Deutschland

2017-03-15

The basic orientation of the German energy supply to the increased use of renewable energies, while increasing energy efficiency, is prediscribed by the German government's energy concept and determines the market development. A current overview of the German energy market is given, which provides also this year a concentrated Compilation of the key data of the energy industry. As in the years before, the article not only summarizes general facts about the energy mix, but also goes into detail on the development of the individual energy sources, petroleum, natural gas, brown coal and hard coal, electricity as well as renewable energies. Furthermore, the price trends of international markets and in the domestic market are explained. A current overview of the development of greenhouse gas emissions concludes the contribution. [German] Die im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Grundausrichtung der deutschen Energieversorgung hin zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bestimmt die Marktentwicklung. Vorliegend wird ein aktueller Ueberblick ueber den deutschen Energiemarkt gegeben, der auch in diesem Jahr eine konzentrierte Zusammenstellung der zentralen Eckdaten der Energiewirtschaft leistet. Wie in den Jahren zuvor fasst der Artikel nicht nur allgemeine Fakten zum Energiemix zusammen, sondern geht auch ausfuehrlich auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Energietraeger Erdoel, Erdgas, Braun- und Steinkohle, Elektrizitaet sowie regenerative Energien ein. Ferner werden die Preistendenzen auf den internationalen Maerkten und im Inland erlaeutert. Eine aktuelle Uebersicht ueber die Entwicklung der Treibhausgas-Emissionen schliesst den Beitrag ab.

Analysis of the electrical energy requirements of the GSI facility

CERN Document Server

Ripp, Christopher

2013-01-01

Die Veränderung auf dem deutschen Energiemarkt durch die Energiewende bringt eine Viel-zahl von Problemen mit sich. Der stetig ansteigende Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien und die daraus resultierende starke Schwankung der eingespeisten Energiemengen zwingen die Netzbetreiber zum Ausbau der Stromnetze [1]. Die dadurch verursachten Kosten lassen die Netznutzungsgebühren steigen, welche an die Endkunden weitergegeben werden. Ebenfalls stieg die EEG-Umlage (Erneuerbare-Energie-Gesetz) von 3,6ct/kWh im Jahr 2012 über 5,3ct/kWh im Jahr 2013 auf 6,3ct/kWh für das Jahr 2014 [2], [3], [4]. Die extrem schnell steigenden Energiekosten zwingen die Verbraucher zur Erhöhung ihrer Energieeffizienz, um die laufenden Kosten so niedrig wie möglich zu halten [3]. Dies verlangt nach innovativen Ansätzen und Lösungen im unternehmenseigenen Energiemanagement. Besonders For-schungseinrichtungen mit großem Energiebedarf müssen eine höhere Energieeffizienz reali-sieren, um bei knappen Budgets ihrem Forschungsauftrag gerec...

Three ways to storage solution. ''Lead or Lithium?''. This is not the only basic issue in a storage system; Drei Wege zur Speicherloesung. ''Blei oder Lithium?'' Dies ist nicht die einzige Grundsatzfrage bei einem Speichersystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Welter, Philippe; Siemer, Jochen

2013-06-15

The number of solar power storage systems offered is now in the hundreds, if one includes all possible product combinations. We show in the following pages a selection of examples of typical solutions, which are by the KfW program ''Renewable Energy - Storage'' eligible''. With various modifications, they can be divided into three groups: battery inverter with built-in storage, external storage on the DC side of the PV system and stand-alone systems on AC power. [German] Die Zahl der angebotenen Solarstromspeichersysteme geht mittlerweile in die Hunderte, wenn man alle moeglichen Produktkombinationen einbezieht. Wir zeigen auf den folgenden Seiten eine exemplarische Auswahl an typischen Loesungen, die mittels KfW-Programm ''Erneuerbare Energien - Speicher'' foerderfaehig sind. Mit diversen Modifikationen lassen sie sich in drei Gruppen einteilen: Akkuwechselrichter mit integriertem Speicher, externe Speicher an der Gleichstromseite der Photovoltaikanlage und Stand-alone-Systeme am Wechselstromnetz.

Energy and climate. A vision of the future; Energie und Klima. Ein Blick in die Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brand, Hans; Hosemann, Gerhard; Riedle, Klaus (eds.)

2013-07-01

This book contains five lectures from the symposium of 8 November 2012. The topics and speakers were: 1. The energy turnaround in Germany - Chances and risks (DIETHARD MAGER); 2. The power supply from renewable sources and their constraints (GERHARD HEROLD); 3. What really contributes CO{sub 2} to global warming? (HERMANN HARDE); 4. Sun and greenhouse gas - causes of climate change (FRITZ VAHRENHOLT); 5. The hydrocarbon-cycle management - secure energy and resource supply from renewable energy sources (DOMINIK ROHRMUS). [German] Dieses Buch enthaelt fuenf Vortraege aus dem Symposium vom 8. November 2012. Die Themen und Referenten waren: 1. Die Energiewende in Deutschland - Chancen und Risiken (DIETHARD MAGER); 2. Die Stromversorgung aus regenerativen Quellen und ihre Zwaenge (GERHARD HEROLD); 3. Was traegt CO{sub 2} wirklich zur globalen Erwaermung bei? (HERMANN HARDE); 4. Sonne und Treibhausgase - Ursachen des Klimawandels (FRITZ VAHRENHOLT); 5. Die Kohlenwasserstoff-Kreislaufwirtschaft - sichere Energie- und Ressourcenversorgung mittels erneuerbarer Energien (DOMINIK ROHRMUS).

Renewable energies 2020. Potential atlas Germany. 2. ed.; Erneuerbare Energien 2020. Potenzialatlas Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, Janine; Muehlenhoff, Joerg

2010-02-15

A future energy policy equally has to pursue environmental protection and climate protection, economic efficiency as well as supply security. Renewable energies substantially contribute to this. In the last decade, the Federal Government of Germany showed that a strong development of renewable energies is possible within a short time. For the year 2020, the industry prognosticates an amount of the renewable energies of 47% at the consumption of electricity, 25% at the heat consumption, and 22% at the fuel consumption in the traffic. The contribution under consideration shows that the surface which is needed for this is small. Depending upon climate, landscape, settlement structure and agrarian structure, each region offers its own different potentials.

Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energy report `94; Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energie-Bericht `94

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-11-01

The energy report reviews the energy policy of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg in the light of the national and international situation in the year under report. Tables and diagrams present data and information on the worldwide energy consumption, the energy consumption in the European Union and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as on the energy supplies of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg; Energy consumption; primary energy consumption; end-use energy consumption; rational use of energy; mineral oil; coal; electricity; natural gas; district heating; renewable energy sources; energy supply structures; the energy balance of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the past year; and more. (orig./HS) [Deutsch] Der Energiebericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Energiepolitik Baden-Wuerttembergs im nationalen und internationalen Rahmen fuer das Berichtsjahr. Tabellen und Graphiken informieren ueber die wichtigsten Daten zum Energieverbrauch weltweit, in der Europaeischen Union und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie zur Energieversorgung des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg: Energieverbrauch; Primaerenergieverbrauch; Endenergieverbrauch; rationelle Nutzung von Energie; Mineraloel; Kohle; Strom; Erdgas; Fernwaerme; erneuerbare Energien; Versorgungsstrukturen; energiebedingte Emissionen; Energiebilanz Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer das Vorjahr; und mehr. (orig./HS)

The energy revolution as an innovation driver; Die Energiewende als Innovationstreiber

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, Clemens; Bofinger, Stefan [Fraunhofer Institut fuer Windenergie und Energiesystemtechnik (IWES), Kassel (Germany); Fischedick, Manfred [Wuppertal Institut fuer Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH, Wuppertal (Germany); Martin, Niklas [ForschungsVerbund Erneuerbare Energien (FVEE), Berlin-Adlershof (Germany)

2015-04-15

Technological innovations in the fields of renewable energy and energy efficiency are an essential basis of the global energy system transformation and act with appropriate implementation as value creation engine. The size and substantial growth of international markets for energy technologies and systems makes the positioning of German companies in these markets therefore become a topic of very far-reaching economic policy relevance. Hence the question of how Germany can benefit from a consistent implementation of the energy transition and its associated pioneering role in the international markets for energy technologies. [German] Technologische Innovationen in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz bilden eine wesentliche Grundlage der weltweiten Energiesystemtransformation und wirken bei geeigneter Implementierung als Wertschoepfungsmotor. Die Groesse und erhebliche Wachstumsdynamik der internationalen Maerkte fuer Energietechnologien und Systeme macht die Positionierung deutscher Unternehmen auf diesen Maerkten daher zu einem Thema von sehr weitreichender wirtschaftspolitischer Relevanz. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage, wie Deutschland von einer konsequenten Umsetzung der Energiewende und seiner damit verbundenen Vorreiterfunktion auf den internationalen Maerkten fuer Energietechnologien profitieren kann.

Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energy report 97; Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energie-Bericht 97

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The energy report reviews the energy policy of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg in the light of the national and international situation in the year under report. Tables and diagrams present data and information on the worldwide energy consumption, the energy consumption in the European Union and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as on the energy supplies of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg: energy consumption; primary energy consumption; end-use energy consumption; rational use of energy; mineral oil; coal; electricity; natural gas; district heating; renewable energy sources; energy supply structures; the energy balance of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the past year; and more. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Energiebericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Energiepolitik Baden-Wuerttembergs im nationalen und internationalen Rahmen fuer das Berichtsjahr. Tabellen und Graphiken informieren ueber die wichtigsten Daten zum Energieverbrauch weltweit, in der Europaeischen Union und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie zur Energieversorgung des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg: Energieverbrauch; Primaerenergieverbrauch; Endenergieverbrauch; rationelle Nutzung von Energie; Mineraloel; Kohle; Strom; Erdgas; Fernwaerme; Erneuerbare Energien; Versorgungsstrukturen; Energiebedingte Emissionen; Energiebilanz Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer das Vorjahr; und mehr. (orig.)

Smartes System für die Energiewende - der Übertragungsnetzbetreiber in der digitalen Zukunft

Science.gov (United States)

Pflaum, Rainer; Egeler, Tobias

Die Übertragungsnetze stellen eine zuverlässige Versorgung von Haushalt, Gewerbe und Industrie mit elektrischer Energie sicher und sind damit Grundlage einer modernen Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Die mittlerweile unumkehrbaren Entwicklungen der nationalen und europäischen Energiewende stellen den Übertragungsnetzbetreiber in seinen Kernaufgaben, dem Bau und Betrieb von Netzen, dem Markt- und Netzzugang und der Integration der erneuerbaren Energien vor neue und große Herausforderungen. Verbrauchsnahe dezentrale Erzeugung wie verbrauchsferne zentrale Erzeugung muss im Sinne der Gewährleistung der Systemstabilität gemanagt und in Einklang mit dem Verbrauch gebracht werden. Erneuerbare Energien müssen zudem in einem solchen System ihren Beitrag zur System- und Marktintegration leisten. All das erfordert mehr Daten, um in einem Gesamtsystem dynamische Reaktionsmöglichkeiten gewährleisten zu können. Erst die "Digitalisierung" schafft dabei die notwendigen Voraussetzungen die Komplexität zu stemmen. Die Digitalisierung stellt daher ein Kernelement dieses Wandels des Übertragungsnetzbetreibers dar, die einerseits mit zum Entstehen der neuen Herausforderungen beiträgt, andererseits aber auch hilft Werkzeuge bereitzustellen, diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, wie die Digitalisierung die Aufgaben und Instrumente des Übertragungsnetzbetreibers verändern. Ausgehend von den heutigen Aufgaben eines Übertragungsnetzbetreibers und dem gültigen Rechtsrahmen werden unter dem Begriff "Notwendiges Set für morgen" smarte Elemente und Werkzeuge beschrieben, die bereits heute im Einsatz sind oder in den nächsten Jahren notwendig werden. Im Anschluss erfolgt anhand einiger Beispiele aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen eine Konkretisierung der Einsatzzwecke der Digitalisierung beim Übertragungsnetzbetreiber. Ein kurzer Ausblick mit Fokus auf den weiteren Veränderungsprozess rundet den Beitrag ab.

Integration of renewable energies in the electricity market; Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwarz, Eike

2014-08-15

Capacity markets such as the decentralised performance market as demanded by the electricity economy put wind power and photovoltaic plants at a disadvantage. The author therefore argues against the establishment of a capacity market and in favour of making better use of the electricity market's already existing significant potential for further development, specifically through: flexibilisation of exchange electricity markets, closer coupling between exchange electricity markets and control energy markets, and incorporation of electricity consumers into the market mechanism. This would at the same time serve to meet a decisive prerequisite for a smooth transition from today's to tomorrow's electricity supply, and that is a single electricity market for conventional power plants as well as electricity production plants fuelled with renewable resources, whether or not entailing fuel costs, in which all types of plants compete with each other on a level playing field. If a capacity market should prove necessary after all in a few years, it can still be set up. Safeguarding security of supply is of vital importance for both the economy and society at large. For emergencies a strategic reserve with a capacity of several GW should therefore be created, and the Ordinance on Reserve Power Plants should be amended to this effect. The establishment by the Renewable Energy Law of 2014 of an obligation of direct marketing for wind power and photovoltaic plants appears to have been premature considering the deficits of the electricity market and the large fleet of inflexible conventional power plants. What is needed now is a near-term flexibilisation of the electricity market and reform of the CO{sub 2} emissions trading scheme.

Feed-in prognoses for renewable forms of energy; Einspeiseprognosen fuer neue erneuerbare Energien - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dierer, S.; Remund, J.; Cattin, R. [METEOTEST, Berne (Switzerland); Koller, T.; Strasser, P. [enersis suisse, Berne (Switzerland)

2010-02-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) aims at determining the potential of improved feed-in forecasts for new renewable energies (NRE) in Switzerland. The characteristics of the Swiss energy market are considered. Benefits of and potential for improvement are identified and recommendations for additional measures to be taken are given. The authors note that at present the forecast systems for wind energy are quite sophisticated, while there is room for improvement for solar energy and micro hydro unit forecasts. Ways of improving the forecasts are discussed. The business case developed within the framework of this project is to be completed and quantified as soon as data for 2009 is provided by the regulatory body 'swissgrid' and the balance group for renewable energies. The report is completed with recommendations for further work.

Economic evaluation of innovative storage technologies in energy systems with a high share of renewable energies; Oekonomische Bewertung von innovativen Speichertechnologien in Energiesystemen mit einem hohen Anteil erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kondziella, Hendrik

2017-04-13

Anteilen an variablen erneuerbaren Energien (vEE) auftreten, koennen durch deren Integrationskosten gemessen werden. Die wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen in Bezug auf den zusaetzlichen Speicher- bzw. Flexibilitaetsbedarf fuer ein solches Energiesystem setzen haeufig bei den Ungleichgewichten in der Systembilanz an. Den jeweiligen Methoden liegen jedoch unterschiedliche Annahmen und Rahmenbedingungen zu Grunde, sodass die Ergebnisse nur eingeschraenkt miteinander verglichen werden koennen. Der stuendlich schwankende Grosshandelspreis an der Stromboerse ist ein wichtiger Indikator, um den Flexibilitaetsbedarf zu signalisieren. Viele Analysen legen historische oder auch prognostizierte Preiszeitreihen fuer eine Bewertung von Speicheroptionen zu Grunde. Jedoch wird dabei die Rueckkopplung der Betriebsweise eines Energiespeichers auf die Marktpreise aussen vor gelassen. In dieser Arbeit wird deshalb eine Methode entwickelt, um den Einfluss eines steigenden Marktvolumens an Speichern und anderen Flexibilitaetsoptionen auf die Spotmarktpreise abzuschaetzen. Untersucht wird der Einfluss des Speichereinsatzes auf die Stromnachfrage und die Spotmarktpreise in 2020 sowie 2030. Die hierfuer zu definierenden Szenarien fuer den Strommarkt werden modellgestuetzt abgebildet und ausgewertet. Fuer die Beantwortung der Fragestellung werden techno-oekonomische Modelle, z.B. das Strommarktmodell MICOES zur Kraftwerkseinsatzplanung, das Modell DeSiflex zur Glaettung der Residuallast durch integrierte Flexibilitaetsoptionen sowie das Modell Arturflex zur Abschaetzung der Arbitragegewinne durch Einsatz von Flexibilitaetsoptionen am Spotmarkt, herangezogen.

The expansion of electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buesgen, Uwe; Duerrschmidt, Wolfhart

2009-01-01

The expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources in Germany is promoted by the Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), which was last amended in June 2008. In a review of the EEG the political parameters, the progress achieved, and the impacts of the Act itself are set out. This Progress Report addresses cross-sectoral aspects, notably CO 2 emissions reduction, job creation, investment and turnover in the renewables industry, and that industry's prospects for the future. Trends in the individual renewables sectors are described and policy recommendations formulated, as appropriate, on this basis. The policy recommendations have been incorporated into the new EEG from 6 June 2008. The overarching goal of the new EEG is to achieve a renewables share of at least 30% in Germany's electricity consumption in 2020. This underlines the need for radical modernisation of the energy system as a whole. This article presents an overview of the content of the Progress Report and supplements it with current statistical data and research findings contained in other publications from the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU). It also highlights the points on which the new EEG diverges from the policy recommendations contained in the Progress Report.

Energy report 1995 for Schleswig-Holstein. Situation, focal areas, examples; Energiebericht Schleswig-Holstein 1995. Situation, Schwerpunkte, Beispiele

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-09-01

Since 1988 the Land of Schleswig Holstein has been going new ways in its energy policy. Its declared aims are energy saving in heat and electricity supply, efficient energy utilisation, a greater utilisation of renewable energy resources, and, of principal importance, the phase-out of nuclear energy. As the legislative competence of the Laender is very restricted in matters relating to energy, the new policy has primarily been designed as a means of demonstrating by way of example that there actually are considerable potentials for saving energy and that they can be exploited. The present report gives an overview of the results of Schleswig Holstein`s energy policy of the last seven years. (orig./RHM) [Deutsch] Seit 1988 geht das Land Schleswig-Holstein energiepolitisch neue Wege. Das erklaerte Ziel: Energieeinsparung im Waerme- und Strombereich, rationelle Energieverwendung, staerkere Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Und grundsaetzlich: Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie. Da die Bundeslaender nur ueber eine sehr eingeschraenkte Gesetzgebungskompetenz im Energiebereich verfuegen, zielte die neue Energiepolitik zunaechst darauf ab, durch Foerderprogramme beispielhaft zu zeigen, dass tatsaechlich erhebliche Einsparpotentiale bestehen und auch umsetzbar sind. Der Bericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Ergebnisse der Energiepolitik der letzten sieben Jahre in Schleswig-Holstein. (orig./RHM)

63000 new jobs thanks to renewable energy in Switzerland; Dreiundsechzigtausend Arbeitsplaetze dank erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stricker, B

1999-07-01

This is a short report on the recent study by the Wuppertaler Institute (Executive Director: Prof. Dr. Ernst U. von Weizsaecker) under a mandate from the Swiss Working Group 'Solar 91' with the support of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy. The conclusion is that energy efficiency and a broad market penetration of renewable energy sources would reduce unemployment in Switzerland by a factor of 2 and create at least 63,000 new jobs. Background for the publication of this report at the end of August 1999 was the Swiss parliament debate on new energy tax regulations to be submitted to the poles in the course of 2000. The two houses of the parliament had different opinions on the matter. [German] Eine Studie des Wuppertaler Institutes (unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Ernst U. von Weizsaecker) im Auftrag der Schweizerischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft 'Solar 91' und vom Bundesamt fuer Energie finanziell unterstuetzt, kommt zum Schluss, dass Energieeffizienz und eine breite Einfuehrung der erneuerbaren Energien die Arbeitslosigkeit halbieren und mindestens 63,000 neue Arbeitsstellen schaffen wuerde. Hintergrund der Publikation dieser Studie Ende August 1999 war die Differenzbereinigung der Solar- und der Energie/Umweltinitiative im Parlament. (author)

Integration of renewable energies into the power supply system; Integration erneuerbarer Energien in das Stromversorgungssystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neubarth, Juergen [e3 consult, Innsbruck (Austria)

2011-08-15

In contrast to the record breaking speed with which the German government presented its new energy concept in response to the Fukushima reactor disaster, the practical task of transforming our energy supply system will take decades. One of the greatest challenges involved in the energy turnaround will be that of integrating renewable energies into the power supply system. A holistic analysis and assessment of all aspects involved in this is therefore of utmost importance. Under the focal topic of its new publication ''Energie fuer Deutschland 2011'', Weltenergierat Deutschland e.V. presents a detailed summary of this challenge, thus providing a basis for further discussion. It shows that efficient integration of renewable energies must necessarily involve a combination of systems engineering and organisational measures.

Energy autonomy. A new policy for renewable energies; Energieautonomie. Eine neue Politik fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheer, H.

2005-07-01

The petroleum resources are diminishing; resource conflicts invoke the new wars of our century. With increasing energy demand the world races to its existential crisis. The renaissance of nuclear energy is therefore strongly promoted and energy industry is trying by all means to keep their predominance. It is gaming with fire, since only a holistic change over to the use of renewable energy sources can secure global energy demand. Why is rethinking so difficult and what strategies and technologies can help? Hermann Scheer descibes in his new book the manifold mental barriers, the power of traditional energy-thinking, but he also shows, how the change to renewables can be done and made irreversible. The archimedic point is energy autonomy - a manifold feasible, technological, and economical concept. Energy autonomy can only be achieved with renewables and can be used at once and anywhere: decentralized, individually, with immediate noticable consequences. The new policy for renewables, developed by Scheer, frees the energy discussions from its prison fo specialized energy thinking. A ideational and practical guideline for the overdue energy change. (orig./uke)

Approaches for the financing of renewable energy in Europe; Finanzierungsansaetze fuer erneuerbare Energien in Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwer, P.; Kornmann-Wimmer, K

2007-06-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) examines financing instruments that are already available in selected European countries and which could also be adapted for use in Switzerland, too. The study is limited to European countries that are comparable with Switzerland in terms of size, geography and gross national product. Further limitations are investment volumes of under 20 million Euro/project and the consideration of only those technologies concerned with the production of electrical power. Thus, the report considers biogas, solar, geothermal and small-hydro technologies in France, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Belgium and Switzerland. External and internal financing is considered as well as mezzanine capital. Varying taxation in the various countries is looked at as is the contracting/leasing situation and subsidies available for renewable energy projects. Risk management is discussed. Finally, the transferability of the various financing instruments to Switzerland is examined. Suggestions are made on how small and medium-sized enterprises can be supported in an active and growing Swiss market.

Renewable energy sources in Germany, 1990 through 2007; Erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland 1990 bis 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boehme, Dieter; Duerrschmidt, Wolfhart (comps.)

2009-11-15

This brochure presents a picture of the rapid development of renewable energy sources in the years between 1990 and 2007. It shows the rapid growth and informs on the importance of renewable energy sources for climate protection. The new CDU/FDP government headed by Angela Merkel stressed its intention to develop the potential of renewable energy sources. Apart from the effect of higher energy efficiency, this will also help Germany to make an ambitious contribution to climate protection world-wide. Renewable energy sources are to provide the biggest share of power supply in the future. By 2020, the EEG (German Renewables Act) envisages at least a 30 percent share for renewable energy sources as an intermediate goal. In the field of heat supply, at least 14 percent are envisaged fro 2020. (orig./RHM)

Renewable energies supported by GIS and land management; Erneuerbare Energien unterstuetzt durch GIS und Landmanagement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klaerle, Martina (ed.)

2012-11-01

The author of the book under consideration reports on the support of renewable energy sources by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and land management. The first part of this book is addressed to actual land political and planning legal fundamentals of the energy policy turnaround as well as on future developments of the planning instruments. The second part of this book presents GIS based tools and concrete application examples which are very valuable for regional authorities in the implementation of the energy policy turnaround: solar plant cadastre, holistic potential analysis for all forms of renewable energy systems, visibility studies, flexible power grids and so forth.

EEG. Renewables Act. Comment. 3. new rev. and enl. ed.; EEG. Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz. Kommentar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frenz, Walter [Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen (Germany). Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Berg-, Umwelt- und Europarecht; Mueggenborg, Hans-Juergen (eds.) [Kassel Univ. (Germany)

2013-05-01

Like hardly any other law, the Renewable Energy Sources Law (EEG) is a subject to continuing modifications. This makes the application of the already complicated regulations even for experts to a special challenge. With the proven Berliner comment EEG, now a reliable companion through the bureaucratic jungle is available. All regulations of the EEG are commented precisely and easily to understand by profound experts. An extensive selection of terminology enables a rapid orientation within this book. In addition to the excursions to renewable energy technologies, this book also describes the structural aspects in the establishment of a photovoltaic system.

Renewable Energy Sources Act and Trading of Emission Certificates: A national and a supranational tool direct energy turnover to renewable electricity-supply in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirsten, Selder

2014-01-01

Aim: After the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in 2011, Germany decided to phase out atomic energy, without producing new CO 2 emissions. The article discusses the promotion systems that are used. Scope: The percentage of renewable energies in Germany's electricity consumption increased from 3 in 1990 to 23 in 2012. This development was introduced and guided by a law called Renewable Energy Sources Act. It guarantees a privileged acceptance of electricity and a fixed gratification for 20 years to the operators of regenerative power plants. It allows the operators to install regenerative power plants at a reduced risk. By contrast, the international means for CO 2 reduction is the trading of emission certificates, which is also valid for Germany. The article discusses how the promotion of the Erneuerbar-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) and other plant-based promotion systems fit into this condition. It also elucidates the actual decline of promotion, its problems to the country’s environmental economy and the approach of decentralized photovoltaic (PV) energy plants towards economical efficiency. Conclusions: Germany’s energy turnaround to a regenerative energy supply is characterized by a strong and differentiated promotion system. Substantial efforts have to be made as the percentage of the renewable energy sources has significantly increased but is still under 25%

Electric power is not the same power. Why the energy transition can not succeed; Strom ist nicht gleich Strom. Warum die Energiewende nicht gelingen kann

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Limburg, Michael; Mueller, Fred F.

2015-07-01

The energy transition - the conversion of our power supply to so-called ''Renewable Energy'' - will lead to disaster, economically as well as technically. Although the concept is not technically feasible, more than 500 billion Euros were spent for this purpose already. This money our economy will miss bitterly when it is needed it to go, sweep up the future shambles. Here explain two recognized experts why. ''The book, 'electric power is not the same power' pulled himself together again on a colossal effort. It dissects technically brilliant with the tools of logic, scientific reasoning a fatal mental aberration.''- Arnold Vaatz MP. [German] Die Energiewende - die Umstellung unserer Stromversorgung auf sogenannte ''Erneuerbare Energien'' - wird in eine Katastrophe fuehren, wirtschaftlich ebenso wie technisch. Obwohl das Konzept technisch nicht machbar ist, wurden hierfuer bereits mehr als 500 Milliarden Euro ausgegeben. Dieses Geld wird unserer Volkswirtschaft bitter fehlen, wenn sie darangehen muss, den kuenftigen Scherbenhaufen zusammenzukehren. Hier erklaeren zwei ausgewiesene Fachleute, warum. ''Das Buch 'Strom ist nicht gleich Strom' rafft sich noch einmal zu einer ungeheuren Kraftanstrengung auf. Es seziert handwerklich brillant mit den Mitteln der logischen, naturwissenschaftlichen Argumentation einen fatalen geistigen Irrweg.'' - Arnold Vaatz MdB.

Determination of consumption biogenic solid fuels in the commercial sector, trade, services (tertiary sector). Final report; Ermittlung des Verbrauchs biogener Festbrennstoffe im Sektor Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen (GHD-Sektor). Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viehmann, Cornelia; Westerkamp, Tanja; Schwenker, Andre; Schenker, Marian; Thraen, Daniela; Lenz, Volker [DBFZ Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnuetzige GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Ebert, Marcel [Leipziger Institut fuer Energie GmbH (Ireland), Leipzig (DE)

2012-07-01

. While in the energy balance of fossil fuels for the tertiary sector is determined by residual definition, this is not possible with biogenic solid fuels, since the sum of the total energy-recycled wood (and straw) is not known. Reasons for this are that only a fraction of the fuel are sold through the official fuel trade, while at the same time a considerable variety of usable biogenic solid fuels and their sources of supply are available. For this reason, in this project, the bottom-up approach, that is the consideration of the individual selected sectors of the tertiary sector, is used for the extrapolation. The tertiary sector comprises a wide variety of different industries, but not all are suitable for using solid fuels. Therefore, first, the identification of relevant sectors for this project is necessary. In addition to the group of relevant and irrelevant industries, potentially relevant industries are reported, which despite of currently low use of solid fuels can gain important in the future. The input data of classified relevant sectors are collected in a literature review and through interviews. These are processed accordingly and entered into the part of the project to be developed extrapolation method. For a holistic view of the tertiary sector, the extrapolation method is able to include data of potentially relevant or not relevant industries. In conclusion, in this study, the extrapolation results are presented and discussed. [German] Die Politik hat sich sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europaeischer Ebene ambitionierte Ziele zum Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und zur Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen gesetzt. Im Nationalen Aktionsplan fuer Erneuerbare Energien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind diese Ziele bis zum Jahr 2020 definiert. Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bei der Bereitstellung von Waerme und Kaelte soll demnach von 6,6 % auf 15,5 % des Bruttoendenergieverbrauches steigen. Entsprechend der zunehmenden Bedeutung der solarthermischen

Neighborhood environment walkability and health-related quality of life among older adults in Hong Kong.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yanan; Chung, Pak-Kwong

2017-11-01

This study examined the associations between walkability related environmental attributes (WREA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults in Hong Kong. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 participants (women = 233; mean age = 74.4 years) living in urban communities. Independent variables included residential density, land use mix-diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, infrastructure for walking, aesthetics, traffic hazards, crime, access to parking, lack of cul-de-sacs, hilliness, and physical barriers. Physical and mental dimensions of HRQoL were the dependent variables. Results revealed significant associations between WREA and HRQoL and demonstrated that aesthetics and physical barriers were significant determinants of physical health after adjusting age and sex, and crime and physical barriers were significant determinants of mental health after adjusting sex. This study provided empirical evidence that environmental walkability was associated with HRQoL among older adults in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on the planning of a demonstration plant for hydrogen fuel production by electrolysis using caching in salt caverns under pressure; Studie ueber die Planung einer Demonstrationsanlage zur Wasserstoff-Kraftstoffgewinnung durch Elektrolyse mit Zwischenspeicherung in Salzkavernen unter Druck

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-02-05

von Untersuchungen vorhandener Salzkavernen sowie zu den Potenzialen und technologischen Anforderungen. Des Weiteren erfolgen modellbasierte Analysen der Integration der Wasserstofferzeugung und -nutzung in das zukuenftige Energiesystem bei hohen Anteilen erneuerbarer Energien aus verschiedenen energiewirtschaftlichen Perspektiven. Ziel ist hierbei einerseits die oekonomische Bewertung im Hinblick auf die Nutzung des Wasserstoffes in unterschiedlichen Maerkten und zum anderen wirtschaftliche Sensitivitaetsanalysen bei Nutzung unterschiedlicher Elektrolyseverfahren, PEM- und alkalische Elektrolyse.

Renewable energy in district heating grids. A realistic perspective?; Erneuerbare Energien in Waermenetzen. Eine realistische Perspektive?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruns, Elke [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Landschaftsarchitektur und Umweltplanung; Futterlieb, Matthias; Ohlhorst, Doerte [Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany). Zentrum Technik und Gesellschaft (ZTG); Wenzel, Bernd [Ingenieurbuero fuer neue Energie (IfnE), Teltow (Germany)

2012-09-15

The heating sector holds high potentials for cutting CO{sub 2} emissions by using renewable energy. These potentials can be tapped either by substituting fossil fuels in individual heating units or by using renewable energy in district heating networks, which may be more efficient. This paper asks for the options to increase the share of renewable energy in Germany's district heating infrastructure and for the restrictions that are hampering further development in this field. It critically discusses the relevant technical, political and economic challenges and determinants. District heating networks fuelled by renewable energy are not only competing with fossil fuels in individual heating units. They are also facing the more fundamental question regarding the preconditions for a profitable and worthwhile operation of grid-bound heat supply. The economic viability of heat grids has to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, since it depends predominantly on individual framework conditions. Those include a decreasing heat demand due to improving energy performance of buildings, competing gas grids already in place and the complex interest structures of the actors involved. The growth rates that were observed in the last years were predominantly achieved in small renewably fuelled district heating networks. Even under favourable framework conditions, there is a need for additional supportive measures to increase the share of renewable energy in district heating grids. This mix of policy instruments should encompass measures to increase the implementation rates of municipal heat utilization concepts, measures to decrease the initial investments needed, as well as public relations to improve the user perception of grid-bound heat supply. However, the options to increase the share of renewable heat in existing large-scale grids are considered to be rather limited. (orig.)

Potential of renewable energy in large fossil-fuelled boilers; Potential erneuerbarer Energien in groesseren fossilen Feuerungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dettli, R.; Baur, M.; Philippen, D. [Econcept AG, Zuerich (Switzerland); Kernen, M. [Planair SA, La Sagne (Switzerland)

2007-01-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the findings of a project that examined large heat generation systems used in Switzerland for the supply of heating services to several buildings via small and large district heating systems. Focus is placed on those using fossil fuels and the potential of using combined heat and power plants and renewable forms of energy such as heat-pumps and boilers fired with wood-chippings. The study was also extended to other large-scale, fossil-fuelled heating installations. The report discusses the setting up of a data base, the assessment of the potentials for fuel substitution, the economic viability of wood-fired systems and heat-pumps and the analysis of various factors that can obstruct the use of systems employing renewable forms of energy. Around 20 owners of large installations were interviewed on the subject. Strategic planning, studies, putting to tender, realisation and operation aspects are reviewed.

Electrically driven heat pumps. Latest results from research and field tests; Elektrisch angetriebene Waermepumpen. Aktuelle Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Feldtests

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braungardt, Simon; Guenther, Danny; Miara, Marek; Wapler, Jeannette [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Wessing, Werner [E.ON Ruhrgas AG, Essen (Germany)

2013-11-01

Electric heat pumps have become firmly established in the German heating market. In recent years they have gained an eight to ten per cent share of the market. Approximately every fourth new building is heated with a heat pump. Whereas until a few years ago ground source heat pumps were still sold the most, the sales figures have shifted in recent years in favour of air source heat pumps. Carefully planned, heat pump systems compare very economically with other heating systems, whereby their higher procurement costs are offset by their lower energy and operating costs. Heat pumps are also competitive in terms of their ecological balance. This situation is continually improving with the growing proportion of renewable energies used for supplying electricity. [German] Auf dem deutschen Heizungsmarkt haben sich elektrische Waermepumpen als feste Groesse etabliert. Ihr Marktanteil lag in den letzten Jahren zwischen acht und zehn Prozent. Etwa jeder vierte Neubau wird mit einer Waermepumpe beheizt. Waehrend vor einigen Jahren noch ueberwiegend Erdreich-Waermepumpen verkauft wurden, haben sich die Verkaufszahlen in den letzten Jahren zugunsten der Aussenluft-Waermepumpen verschoben. Sorgfaeltig geplant, koennen Waermepumpenanlagen oekonomisch sehr gut gegenueber anderen Heizsystemen bestehen. Den hoeheren Anschaffungskosten stehen niedrigere Energie- und Betriebskosten gegenueber. Auch in der oekologischen Bilanz sind Waermepumpen konkurrenzfaehig. Die Position verbessert sich stetig mit dem wachsenden Anteil erneuerbarer Energien bei der Stromversorgung.

Health effects of measures and technologies of the energy transition. The views expressed in this paper need not necessarily coincide with those of the Environment Agency; Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Massnahmen und Technologien der Energiewende. Die in diesem Beitrag geaeusserten Ansichten muessen nicht notwendigerweise mit denen des Umweltbundesamtes uebereinstimmen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plass, Dietrich [Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany). Fachrichtung: Expositionsschaetzung, gesundheitsbezogene Indikatoren; Conrad, Andre

2017-06-01

A sustainable supply of future generations with energy is not possible on the basis of fossil and nuclear energy sources. With the measures and technologies used, energy transition offers the opportunity to gradually reduce the use of these energy sources and to convert the energy supply system to the use of renewable energies. This chapter has shown that the departure from the existing system can contribute to a significant improvement in the health of the population. However, it is important parallel to the nationwide implementation of measures and technologies of the energy transition to ensure a continuous monitoring of possible health effects in order to be able to respond to potential risks at an early stage and to take adequate measures to reduce them. [German] Eine nachhaltige Versorgung zukuenftiger Generationen mit Energie ist auf Basis fossiler und nuklearer Energiequellen nicht moeglich. Die Energiewende bietet mit den eingesetzten Massnahmen und Technologien die Moeglichkeit, die Nutzung dieser Energiequellen sukzessiv abzubauen und das Energieversorgungssystem auf die Verwendung erneuerbarer Energien umzustellen. Das vorliegende Kapitel hat aufgezeigt, dass die Abkehr vom bestehenden System zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Bevoelkerungsgesundheit beitragen kann. Es ist jedoch wichtig, bei der flaechendeckenden Einfuehrung von Massnahmen und Technologien der Energiewende eine kontinuierliche Beobachtung moeglicher Effekte auf die Gesundheit sicherzustellen, um fruehzeitig auf potenzielle Risiken reagieren zu koennen und adaequate Massnahmen zu ihrer Reduktion zu ergreifen.

The macro economic relevance of renewable energy sources for Switzerland; Volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung erneuerbarer Energien fuer die Schweiz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nathani, C.; Schmid, C.; Rieser, A.; Ruetter, H. [Ruetter und Partner, Rueschlikon (Switzerland); Bernath, K.; Felten, N. von [Ernst Basler und Partner, Zollikon (Switzerland); Walz, R.; Marscheider-Weidemann, F. [Fraunhofer Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung, Karlsruhe (Germany)

2013-01-15

This study analyses the economic relevance of renewable energy in Switzerland. In 2010 the enterprises in the renewable energy sector generated a gross value added of 4.8 bn CHF (equalling 0.9% of Swiss GDP). Employment in this sector approximated 22,800 fulltime jobs (0.6% of total Swiss employment). Including supply chain companies, 1.5% of Swiss GDP and 1.2% of total employment can be related to the use of renewable energy. Exports of renewable energy related goods and services equalled 3.2 bn CHF. Since 2000 the Swiss renewable energy sector has experienced an above-average annual growth of more than 4%. Its potential development until the year 2020 was studied with two scenarios. In the policy scenario, that assumes additional policy measures for renewable energy promotion, direct value added of the renewable energy sector would amount to 6.4 bn CHF (+33%), direct employment would increase to 29,200 fulltime jobs (+28%, gross effects resp.). In the more conservative baseline scenario, growth would be much weaker, but still slightly stronger than anticipated for the average economy. (authors)

The role of hydrogen in the energy transition. Development status and perspectives; Die Rolle von Wasserstoff in der Energiewende. Entwicklungsstand und Perspektiven

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Altmann, Matthias; Buenger, Ulrich; Landinger, Hubert; Pschorr-Schoberer, Evi; Raksha, Tetyana; Wurster, Reinhold; Zerta, Martin (comps.)

2014-06-15

. Dominierten in der Vergangenheit die chemischen Energietraeger als Primaerenergiequelle, so werden diese in Zukunft insbesondere durch Strom als erneuerbarer, grossteils fluktuierender Primaerenergie abgeloest. Damit geht zugleich aber auch die leichte Speicher- sowie die einfache Transportierbarkeit von Energie teilweise verloren. Eine intelligente Verknuepfung von Strom, Gas (Methan, Wasserstoff), Waerme und Kraftstoffen fuer die Mobilitaet ist Voraussetzung fuer eine robuste, nachhaltige und zukunftsfaehige Energieversorgung Deutschlands. Das koordinierte Zusammenspiel zwischen Erzeugung, Uebertragung, Verteilung, Speicherung und Verbrauch elektrischer Energie ermoeglicht eine effiziente Einbindung von erneuerbaren Energien ins Energieversorgungssystem sowie einen sicheren Uebergang ins regenerative Energiezeitalter. Deutschland braucht eine robuste und flexible Energiestrategie, die langfristig allen Marktakteuren Planungssicherheit bieten kann.

Renewable energy in the tourism sector - For example at campgrounds; Erneuerbare Energien im Tourismussektor am Beispiel von Campingplaetzen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, M. [ECOCAMPING e.V., Konstanz (Germany)

2006-07-01

Summary: The lecture deals with the use of renewable energies in the tourism sector e.g. at campgrounds. At campsites solar energy is mainly used to heat water and to supplement conventional heating; the production of solar energy, however, is rather the exception. Also wood as energy source is increasingly used at campsites whilst wind energy is a marginal source as considerable noise or shadow of the wind power plants would scare away holiday makers. Environmentally conscious tourist facilities additionally purchase 'green energy' to improve their climatic balance. CO{sub 2} emissions can be reduced through the use of biodiesel or vegetal oil as an engine fuel in in-house vehicles. (orig.)

Funding of renewable energy sources in the deregulated German electricity market; Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien im liberalisierten deutschen Strommarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wawer, T.

2007-12-14

This study intends to develop an efficient market design for the German electricity market, with particular regard to renewable energy sources. The German electricity market is disintegrated, i.e. market sectors are not coordinated by a central agency but by their own interactions. The first part of the investigation analyzes the interdependences of market sectors, while the second part will analyze funding instruments for renewable energy sources on this basis. (orig.)

Efficient integration of renewable energies in the German electricity market; Effiziente Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den deutschen Elektrizitaetsmarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nabe, C.A.

2006-07-01

Liberalisation of the electricity sector aims to carry out coordination tasks within the system by markets and market prices. This study examines how markets need to be designed to carry out coordination tasks caused by integration of renewable energies in an efficient way. This question is applied to the German electricity system and recommendations are derived from identified deficits. The examination uses the structure-conduct-performance approach of industrial organisation economics. Integration of renewable energies does not result in entirely new coordination tasks but complicates those that exist in any electricity supply system. Within the short-term coordination tasks provision and operation of reserve capacity is affected by renewable energies. Long-term coordination means that the relation between fixed and variable costs of generators as well as generator flexibility has to be adjusted to the characteristics of renewable energies. The relevant short-term coordination task with the network is congestion management. In the long run costs of grid expansion and permanent congestion management have to be balanced. For the execution of short-run coordination tasks integrated and centralised market architectures are superior to decentralised architectures. The increase of short-term coordination tasks due to renewable energies caused by inflexibilities of consumers and conventional generators results in more information that has to be considered. By centralising that information in one market, an increase in productive efficiency can be obtained. In Germany the increased coordination tasks are determined by the integration of wind generators into the electricity system. The present German market architecture results in inefficiencies in short-term coordination. This is demonstrated by an analysis of procedural rules and prices of the ancillary service markets. They demonstrate that market performance is low and significant deviations from competitive prices can be found. The indirect integration of renewable energies in the market results in additional transaction costs due to additional load profile transformations. The revision of the German electricity feed-in law of 2004 includes measures to reduce these inefficiencies, but the principle of indirect integration is maintained. Based on the results of the analysis, adaptations of the market structure are proposed: A direct commercialisation of electricity on the market by owners of renewable energy systems as well as a centralisation and integration of short-term coordination tasks in one institution. The main tasks of this organisation include the execution of the day-ahead, intra-day and ancillary service market as well as the network congestion management. Further research is necessary to quantify achievable efficiency gains by the proposed measures as well as the effects on the structure of electricity prices. (orig.)

Small Hydropower - The comeback of small hydropower stations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Niederhaeusern, A.

2008-01-01

This issue of the 'Erneuerbare Energien' (renewable energies) magazine published by the Swiss Solar Energy Society takes a look at small hydropower projects in Switzerland. In a number of interviews and articles, various topics concerning small hydropower are dealt with. First of all, an interview with Bruno Guggisberg, previously responsible for small hydro at the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, examines the potential of small hydro and the various political, technical and economic influences on such projects. Further articles provide an overview of the various types of small hydro schemes, including power generation using height differences in drinking-water and wastewater installations. As far as the components of small hydro schemes are concerned, various types of turbines and further system components that are needed are examined. A further article takes a look at the small hydro market and the market players involved. Ecological aspects and research activities are discussed in further articles. In a second interview with Martin Boelli, presently responsible for small hydropower at the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the unused potential for the use of hydropower in Switzerland is discussed. Examples of small-scale hydro schemes are examined and the support offered by the Small Hydropower Program is discussed. Finally the question is asked, if the small hydro market in Switzerland is overheated as a result of promotion schemes such as cost-covering remuneration for electricity from renewable energy sources.

Emissions balancing of renewable energy sources. Avoided emissions due to the use of renewable energies in 2007; Emissionsbilanz erneuerbarer Energietraeger. Durch Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien vermiedene Emissionen im Jahr 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Memmler, Michael; Mohrbach, Elke; Schneider, Sven; Dreher, Marion; Herbener, Reinhard

2009-10-15

The report on the emissions accounting with respect to renewable energy covers the following issues: 1. Introduction and purpose. 2. Methodology concerning the balancing for electricity, heat and traffic, uncertainties due to lack of data. 3. Energy supply from renewable energy sources in 2007. 4. Fossil energy substitution by renewable energy sources: electricity, heat and traffic. 5. Emissions from different energy supply lines: electricity, heat, traffic. 6. Results of the emissions accounting for renewable energy sources: electricity, heat, traffic and comprehensive review. 7. Retroacting accounting and forward projection.

The strategic role of district heating in renewable energy use; Die strategische Bedeutung der Nahwaerme zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nast, M. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany). Abt. Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung; Boehnisch, H. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany)

1998-02-01

District heating allows the utilization of biomass in low emission heating plants, the exploitation of solar energy and the seasonal storage of heat. If a sustainable energy supply system is to be created, district heating must not only be the system of choice for new housing districts but must also be retrofitted in existing settlements. The detailed analysis of a rural community shows that large segments of existing buildings can be connected to district heating systems even in regions with predominantly single dwellings and rural housing densities. The conditions necessary for establishing district heating systems are discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Nahwaermesysteme ermoeglichen, fossile und biogene Brennstoffe einzusetzen und lassen sich an saisonale Waermespeicher anschliessen. Zum Aufbau einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung ist Nahwaerme nicht nur in Neubaugebieten notwendig sondern muss auch in den schon laenger genutzten Gebaeudebestand integriert werden. Das Beispiel einer umfassend analysierten Landgemeinde zeigt, dass ein grosser Teil des bestehenden Gebaeudebestandes an Waermenetze angeschlossen werden kann, selbst bei vorherrschender Bebauung mit Einfamilienhaeusern und laendlichen Gebaeudedichten. Die notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen fuer den Aufbau einer Nahwaermeversorgung werden erlaeutert. (orig.)

EU development strategy for renewable energies - How is it outlined?; EU-Ausbaustrategie fuer Erneuerbare Energien - wie wird sie konzipiert?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rothe, M. [Europaeische Sonnenergie-Vereinigung EUROSOLAR e.V., Bonn (Germany). Sektion Deutschland

2008-07-01

On 23rd January, 2008, the European Commission submitted its package to the climatic and energy policy. Beside the parliamentary bills for the reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions, a central component of this package is the parliamentary bill for the development of renewable energies in Europe. As a consequence, the race around the finite energy sources is intensified, and the dependence from imports will increase dramatically. Under this aspect, the author of the contribution under consideration reports on development strategies of the European Union for renewable energies. The guideline proposal, submitted at 23rd January, 2008, plans that the member states of the European Union transfer their ''origin certificates'' for electricity, thermal energy and coldness from renewable energies only to another country, if they achieved their respective intermediate objective. Additionally, the member states have to decide whether they participate at the certificate trade or not.

Investments in Renewable Energies. Eonomic, technical and fiscal funding opportunities; Investitionen in Erneuerbare Energien. Wirtschaftliche, technische und steuerliche Foerdermoeglichkeiten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drysch, Michael; Rosarius, Lothar

2013-02-01

The first part of the book under consideration analyses the actual market situation for renewable energies, presents alternative forms of use of renewable energies, summarizes decision-relevant criteria and points out possible promotions of investment. Specialist terms are explained understandable. The consciousness becomes aware of the renewable energy resources. The calculation of profitability is presented by means of a case example. The second part of the book establishes tax basics and presents individual problem areas such as turnover tax liability or commerciality. Fiscal funding opportunities with respect to decisions on investment are explained in detail such as tax-exempt income or special amortizations. Fiscal opportunities are discussed with a particular emphasis on tax pitfalls.

Comparing the feed-in tariff incentives for renewable electricity in Ontario and Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mabee, Warren E.; Mannion, Justine; Carpenter, Tom

2012-01-01

The development of feed-in tariff (FIT) programs to support green electricity in Ontario (the Green Energy and Green Economy Act of 2009) and Germany (the Erneuerbare Energien-Gesetz of 2000) is compared. The two policies are highly comparable, offering similar rates for most renewable electricity technologies. Major differences between the policies include the level of differentiation found in the German policy, as well as the use of a price degression strategy for FIT rates in Germany compared to an escalation strategy in Ontario. The German renewable electricity portfolio is relatively balanced, compared to Ontario where wind power dominates the portfolio. At the federal level, Canada does not yet have a policy similar to the European Directive on Renewable Energy, and this lack may impact decisions taken by manufacturers of renewable technologies who consider establishing operations in the province. Ontario's Green Energy and Green Economy Act could be benefit from lessons in the German system, especially with regard to degression of feed-in tariff rates over time, which could significantly reduce payments to producers over the course of a contract, and in turn encourage greater competitiveness among renewable power providers in the future. - Highlights: ► We compare two jurisdictions that utilize feed-in tariffs to support renewable electricity. ► Complementary policy such as mandated renewable energy use in conjunction with tariffs increases certainty for investors. ► Targeted incentives in the form of adders can deliver more diversity in renewable generation capacity. ► Degression of tariff rates delivers renewable generation capacity at lower cost.

In a hurdle race to the energy transition. From transformations, reforms and innovations; Im Huerdenlauf zur Energiewende. Von Transformationen, Reformen und Innovationen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunnengraeber, Achim; Di Nucci, Maria Rosaria (eds.) [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany)

2014-07-01

The term of the energy transition will not be translated as it travels around the world. He points to the urgency of the conversion of the energy supply for electricity, heat and mobility through renewable energies. Faster than many had expected the energy revolution has reached a pace of expansion, especially in the electricity sector, which many did not expect. However, it is not a voluntary measure, but is forced by the proneness of unsustainable production methods and lifestyles. It is also not a foregone conclusion. The many new initiatives, policies and programs are in competition with an old, fossil and nuclear energy system. From the hurdles that have already been taken in this race, the pace of expansion, innovation as well as the necessary reforms and diverse challenges of the energy transition, this book is dealing. [German] Der Begriff der Energiewende wird bei seinem Lauf um die Welt nicht uebersetzt. Er weist auf die Dringlichkeit der Umstellung der Energieversorgung bei Strom, Waerme und Mobilitaet durch erneuerbare Energien hin. Schneller als von vielen erwartet hat die Energiewende vor allem im Strombereich ein Ausbautempo erreicht, mit dem viele nicht gerechnet hatten. Sie ist allerdings keine freiwillige Massnahme, sondern wird durch die Krisenhaftigkeit von nicht nachhaltigen Produktions- und Lebensweisen erzwungen. Sie ist auch kein Selbstlaeufer. Die vielfaeltigen neuen Initiativen, Massnahmen und Programme befinden sich im Wettbewerb mit einem alten, fossilen und nuklearen Energiesystem. Von den Huerden, die in diesem Wettlauf bereits genommen wurden, vom Tempo des Ausbaus, von Innovationen sowie von den notwendigen Reformen und vielfaeltigen Herausforderungen der Energiewende handelt dieses Buch.

Developments of the climate protection law and the climate change policy 2014-2015. Pt. 2. Federal government, federal states and municipalities; Entwicklungen des Klimaschutzrechts und der Klimaschutzpolitik 2014/2015. T. 2. Bund, Bundeslaender und Kommunen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Staesche, Uta [Hochschule fuer Wirtschaft und Recht (HWR), Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Klimaschutz, Energie und Mobilitaet (IKEM)

2015-08-14

According to the motto of the energy transition the Federal Government set herself targets in the areas of greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy and energy efficiency. Main emphasis of its climate change policy is the implementation of the 2014/15 Action Programme Climate Protection 2020. A key measure discussed here is the climate contribution of the German electricity sector, is now being implemented in a significantly modified form. With a view on the long-term climate objectives prepares the federal government the national climate change plan 2050; the federal government promote locally climate protection within the framework of the National Climate Protection Initiative (NKI) in a Variety of projects. On the level of the federal states intensifies clearly the trend of the legal protection of federal climate protection targets. In addition to the federal levels are also the municipalities still active in various climate protection projects. [German] Unter dem Leitwort der Energiewende hat sich die Bundesregierung Ziele in den Bereichen Treibhausgasemissionen, erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz gesetzt. Schwerpunkt ihrer Klimaschutzpolitik bildet 2014/15 die Umsetzung des Aktionsprogramms Klimaschutz 2020. Als eine zentrale Massnahme wurde hier der Klimabeitrag des deutschen Stromsektors diskutiert, der nun in deutlich abgewandelter Form umgesetzt wird. Mit Blick auf die langfristigen Klimaschutzziele bereitet die Bundesregierung den nationalen Klimaschutzplan 2050 vor; Klimaschutz vor Ort foerdert sie im Rahmen der Nationalen Klimaschutzinitiative (NKI) in einer Vielzahl von Projekten. Auf Ebene der Bundeslaender verstaerkt sich deutlich der Trend der gesetzlichen Absicherung von Landesklimaschutzzielen. Neben den ueberregionalen Ebenen sind auch die Kommunen weiterhin in vielfaeltigen Klimaschutzprojekten aktiv.

Renewable energies and climate protection. Background information - methodologies - facility planning - economic ananlysis; Erneuerbare Energien und Klimaschutz. Hintergruende - Techniken - Anlagenplanung - Wirtschaftlichkeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quaschning, V. [Fachhochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft, Berlin (Germany)

2008-07-01

The book covers the following topics: energy demand; possibility of a climate collapse; from wastage of energy to energy saving and carbon dioxide reduction,; carbon dioxide-free energy supply - vision or utopia? photovoltaics, energy from sand; solar thermal energy - thermal comfort using sunlight; solar power plants - even more power from the sun; wind power plants; hydropower stations; geothermal power; heat pumps; biomass - energy from nature; hydrogen systems and fuel cells; examples for a sustainable energy supply.

Electrical efficiency and renewable energy - Economical alternatives to large-scale power generation; Stromeffizienz und erneuerbare Energien - Wirtschaftliche alternative zu Grosskraftwerken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oettli, B.; Hammer, S.; Moret, F.; Iten, R. [Infras, Zuerich (Switzerland); Nordmann, T. [TNC Consulting AG, Erlenbach (Switzerland)

2010-05-15

This final report for WWF Switzerland, Greenpeace Switzerland, the Swiss Energy Foundation SES, Pro Natura and the Swiss Cantons of Basel City and Geneva takes a look at the energy-relevant effects of the propositions made by Swiss electricity utilities for large-scale power generation. These proposals are compared with a strategy that proposes investments in energy-efficiency and the use of renewable sources of energy. The effects of both scenarios on the environment and the risks involved are discussed, as are the investments involved. The associated effects on the Swiss national economy are also discussed. For the efficiency and renewables scenario, two implementation variants are discussed: Inland investments and production are examined as are foreign production options and/or import from foreign countries. The methods used in the study are introduced and discussed. Investment and cost considerations, earnings and effects on employment are also reviewed. The report is completed with an extensive appendix which, amongst other things, includes potential reviews, cost estimates and a discussion on 'smart grids'

Impacts of energy crop cultivation on nature and landscape. Development and application of an evaluation method; Auswirkungen des Energiepflanzenanbaus auf Natur und Landschaft. Entwicklung und Anwendung einer Bewertungsmethode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiehe, Julia

2011-08-15

For long-term planning, knowledge about the interrelationship of effects of the cultivation method and the sensitivity of ecological balance is essential. Hence, the objective of this thesis is the development of a method for the evaluation of the impacts of bioenergy crop production for biogas use on the natural environment. The developed method is in alignment with existing methods. It is also in alignment with those methods used within the practice of landscape planning, so that the method as well as the derived conclusions can be implemented into landscape planning practice in the future. The evaluation method has been applied in the three model regions Hildesheim, Soltau-Fallingbostel and Emsland. These test areas represent different physical regions in Lower Saxony and typical agricultural production conditions. On the basis of these results, general statements on the impact of bioenergy crop production on the ecological balance of the area can be made. [German] Grundlage fuer eine vorausschauende Steuerung des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien ist die Kenntnis der Zusammenhaenge der Wirkung des Energiepflanzenanbaus und der Empfindlichkeit des Naturhaushaltes. Ziel der Arbeit ist daher die Erarbeitung einer Methode zur umfassenden Bewertung dieser Auswirkungen auf den Naturhaushalt. Die Methode orientiert sich an bereits bestehenden und in der Praxis der Landschaftsplanung angewendeten Bewertungsmethoden, so dass sie ebenso wie die daraus abgeleiteten Schlussfolgerungen zukuenftig Eingang in die Planungspraxis finden kann. Die Bewertungsmethode wird in den drei Modellregionen Hildesheim, Soltau-Fallingbostel und Emsland angewendet, mit denen die verschiedenen Naturraeume und fuer Niedersachsen typischen landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsbedingungen abgebildet werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse koennen dann allgemeine Aussagen zu den Auswirkungen des Energiepflanzenanbaus auf den Naturhaushalt gemacht werden.

Is the 10-point agenda of the Federal Government useful for a successful energy transition?; Dient die 10-Punkte-Agenda der Bundesregierung einer erfolgreichen Energiewende?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dinther, Clemens van [Reutlingen Hochschule (Germany). ESB Business School; Fey, Bernhard [Rheinenergie AG, Koeln (Germany); Renelt, Sven [Paatz Scholz van der Laan Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Duesseldorf (Germany); Strueker, Jens [Hochschule Fresenius, Frankfurt (Germany). Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft; Flath, Christoph [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany); Terzidis, Orestis [KIT - Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (Germany). Inst. fuer Entrepreneurship, Technologiemanagement und Innovation; Bretschneider, Peter [Technische Univ. Ilmenau (Germany). Fachgebiet Energieeinsatzoptimierung

2017-03-15

With the energy transition, the Federal Government has begun the conversion of the energy supply. Because of the success of the energy transition is essential for the future and competitiveness of Germany as a business location The Federal Association of German Industry (BDI) has already published 2013 Stimulus for a smart energy market, in which are derived five principles which provide a framework for discourse on the measures to be taken. Renewable energies will be the dominant source of electricity in the coming years. This results in new challenges. The Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) has recently adopted a 10-point agenda to address these issues (ZPA) for the central energy projects. To be discussed is to what extent they are in harmony with the five principles of the BDI and at which points adjustments are necessary, so that the conversion of the energy system can succeed. [German] Mit der Energiewende hat die Bundesregierung den Umbau der Energieversorgung begonnen. Da das Gelingen der Energiewende fuer die Zukunfts- und Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschlands essenziell ist, wurden seitens des Bundesverbandes der deutschen Industrie (BDI) bereits 2013 Impulse fuer eine smarte Energiewende veroeffentlicht, in denen fuenf Prinzipien abgeleitet werden, die einen Rahmen fuer den Diskurs ueber die zu ergreifenden Massnahmen setzen. erneuerbare Energien werden in den kommenden Jahren die dominierende Stromquelle darstellen. Daraus entstehen neue Herausforderungen. Zu deren Bewaeltigung hat das Bundeswirtschaftsministerium (BMWi) kuerzlich eine 10-Punkte-Agenda (ZPA) fuer die zentralen Vorhaben der Energiewende vorgelegt. Zu diskutieren ist, inwieweit sie im Einklang mit den fuenf Prinzipien des BDI steht und an welchen Stellen Anpassungen notwendig werden, damit der Umbau des Energiesystems erfolgreich gelingen kann.

Future of the gas industry. Energy carriers instead of power source?; Zukunft der Gaswirtschaft. Energietraeger statt Energiequelle?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bothe, David; Janssen, Matthias; Riechmann, Christoph [Frontier Economics, Koeln (Germany)

2017-03-15

For a long time, natural gas was considered as an ideal bridge technology for the energy transition because of the relatively low CO{sub 2} content. With increasing decarbonisation of electricity generation by renewable energies and the associated political vision of a far-reaching electrification of energy applications, in particular in the heat sector, the gas sector is, however, threatened to be overtaken by the renewables. This creates increasing uncertainty for business models and investments in the natural gas sector itself, but also potentially high macroeconomic costs of the energy transition. It can be shown that such a development is not unavoidable if the gas sector succeeds in using the existing possibilities cleverly. Thereby the continued use of existing gas infrastructure plays a central role. For use of the opportunities, however, a paradigm shift in politics, regulation and natural gas sector is necessary, whose key points are developed in this article. [German] Lange wurde Gas aufgrund des relativ geringen C0{sub 2}-Gehalts als ideale Brueckentechnologie fuer die Energiewende gehandelt. Mit zunehmender Dekarbonisierung der Stromerzeugung durch erneuerbare Energien und der damit verbundenen politischen Vision einer weitreichenden Elektrifizierung von Energieanwendungen insbesondere im Waermesektor droht die Gaswirtschaft allerdings von den Erneuerbaren ueberholt zu werden. Das schafft zunehmende Unsicherheit fuer Geschaeftsmodelle und Investitionen im Gassektor selbst, aber auch potenziell hohe gesamtwirtschaftliche Kosten der Energiewende. Es laesst sich zeigen, dass eine solche Entwicklung nicht unabwendbar ist, wenn es der Gaswirtschaft gelingt, die vorhandenen Moeglichkeiten clever zu nutzen. Dabei spielt der fortgesetzte Gebrauch der bereits vorhandenen Gasinfrastruktur die zentrale Rolle. Zur Nutzung der Chancen ist aber ein Paradigmenwechsel in Politik, Regulierung und Gaswirtschaft notwendig, dessen Eckpunkte in diesem Artikel entwickelt

Analysis of the current cost situation of wind power in Germany; Untersuchungen der aktuellen Kostensituation der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rehfeldt, K. [Deutsches Windenergie-Inst. Sucursal en Espana, Pamplona (Spain); Schwenk, B. [InnoVent GmbH, Varel (Germany)

2000-07-01

Against the background of the discussion concerning the Reimbursement Act (StrEG) and the draft Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), the Bundesverband Windenergie e.V. (BWE) asked the Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (DEWI) to investigate the current cost situation of wind power in Germany. This involved a statistics of wind power generation cost over a period of 20 years. The data were obtained from wind power system operators, technical experts, producers of wind power systems and insurance companies. It was found that especially the cost of component replacement was higher than expected, so that long component life must be one of the main goals in the further development of wind power systems. According to the technical experts, component life today is much less than the rated life of 20 years. [German] Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um das Stromeinspeisegesetz (StrEG) bzw. des Neuentwurfs zum Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) wurde das Deutsche Windenergie-Institut (DEWI) vom Bundesverband Windenergie e.V. (BWE) beauftragt, eine Studie ueber die aktuelle Kostensituation in Deutschland zu erarbeiten. Erstmals wurden hierbei Stromerzeugungskosten aus Windenergieanlagen (WEA) ueber einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren ermittelt. Hierbei wurden Umfrageergebnisse von Betreibern von WEA, technischen Sachverstaendigen sowie von Herstellern von WEA und Versicherungsgesellschaften verwendet, um belastbare Aussagen ueber Betriebskosten und notwendige Ersatzinvestitionen zu erhalten. Insbesondere die Aussagen ueber notwendige Ersatzinvestitionen durch die technischen Sachverstaendigen waren hoeher als erwartet, so dass es in Zukunft Ziel sein muss, insbesondere bei der Weiterentwicklung von WEA auf wesentlich laengere Lebensdauern der Bauteilkomponenten von WEA zu draengen. Nach Aussage der technischen Sachverstaendigen liegen bisher die Lebensdauern wesentlicher Bauteile der WEA, wie Rotor, Bremssystem, Pitchregelung usw., weit unter der kalkulierten Lebensdauer von 20 Jahren

Responsibility, safety and certainty. A new consensus on nuclear waste disposal. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-05-25

With the consent of all parties represented in the Bundestag, the Federal Republic of Germany resolved to properly end the use of nuclear energy for power generation. The legal framework for the energy transition is provided by the consensus reached on nuclear energy in 2001 and the Nuclear Power Phase-Out Act (Atomgesetz, hereinafter: Atomic Energy Act) passed in 2002 and amended in 2011, together with the Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz, hereinafter: Renewable Energy Act), the Energy Industry Act (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz) and extensive provisions on accelerating the construction of power lines in Germany. Nuclear energy plants will have gradually phased out their power generation operations by the end of the year 2022. The decision to phase out nuclear power plants has entailed major changes in radioactive waste management - dismantling, packaging spent fuel in containers, and interim storage and final disposal. For one thing, the amount of radioactive waste requiring final storage is now easier to calculate and to limit, in contrast with periods of indefinite operation. Limiting the operating lives of nuclear plants also shortens the period in which assets can be generated for the decreased amounts of high-level, intermediate-level and low-level waste. Along with the phase-out, the rapidly expanding renewable energy market and continued integration into the European Single Market has changed market conditions for nuclear power plant operators. Not only have new market participants joined the competition for power generation - due to a surplus and, ultimately, to price erosion in the international fuel markets, stock market prices for power have dropped dramatically. This has affected nuclear power plant operators in particular, because of their large share in conventional power generation.

New legal regulations on combined heat and power generation and renewable energy sources. KWKModG 2009, EEWaermeG, EEG 2009, deadlines for communications, publications and audit certificates according to EEG 2009 and KWKModG 2009; Neuer Gesetzesrahmen fuer die Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung und Erneuerbare Energien. Neues Kraft-Waerme-Kopplungsgesetz (KWKModG 2009), Erneuerbare-Energien-Waermegesetz (EEWaermeG), Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG 2009), Fristen fuer Mitteilungen, Veroeffentlichungen und Wirtschaftspruefertestate nach EEG 2009 und KWKModG 2009

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Altrock, Martin; Jacobshagen, Ulf; Lehnert, Wieland [BBH Becker Buettner Held, Berlin (Germany); Miller, John A.; Mueller, Ullrich; Topp, Adolf [AGFW - Der Energieeffizienzverband fuer Waerme, Kaelte und KWK e.V., Frankfurt am Main (Germany)

2009-07-01

The new German Act on Combined Heat and Power Generation (KWKModG 2009) is a milestone for the industry. Together with the Heat-from-Renewables Act (EEWaermeG) and the amended Renewables Act (EEG), it will determine the plannings and actions of organizations in this field through 2020 and beyond. This brochure summarizes the three main laws that govern combined heat and power generation and district heating in Germany. The complex legal text is explained in simple terms and supplemented by a multitude of practical hints. There is also an appendix with law texts, exemplary calculations, tables and explanations in digital form. (orig.)

Joint-research project. The world of renewable energies: powerado. Final report. Part 2; Verbundforschungsprojekt. Erlebniswelt erneuerbare Energien: powerado. Endbericht. Bd. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael (ed.)

2009-02-15

The objective of the research project 'The world of renewable energies: Powerado' was to improve communication aimed at conveying renewable energies to children. In order to achieve his aim, materials for different age groups and multipliers have been developed. These helped determining successful strategies for communicating renewable energies. There were several reasons for the need of such a project. It may be the case that renewable energies have been included into the syllabus of primary schools, but they still have no prominent role at schools. Additionally, the training of multipliers for renewable energies shows severe deficits. The project consisted of ten interconnected modules which explicitly are described. Overall, the powerado project was a huge success. 58,000 estimated multipliers, children, adolescents and persons generally being interested in renewable energies have been reached by the project and its modules. So the powerado project achieved its main objective improving communication of renewable energies.

Electromobility and renewable energies. Locally optimized use of grid-connected vehicles; Elektromobilitaet und erneuerbare Energien. Lokal optimierter Einsatz von netzgekoppelten Fahrzeugen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Link, Jochen

2012-07-01

To reach significant CO{sub 2} emission reduction with electric vehicles, electricity production based on renewable energies is required. The aim of this study is to determine different options for linking the charging times of electric vehicles with fluctuating local renewable energy production. Energy demand profiles for electric cars were generated on the basis of statistic mobility data for Germany. The impact of different charging strategies for a high market penetration of electric vehicles is analyzed considering the renewable energy production and the distribution grid of the city of Freiburg. If all cars were substituted by electric vehicles, the electrical energy demand would increase by a third. Load peaks and the capacity usage of electric installations depend strongly on the amount of power and the simultaneity of the charging process. Decentralized electric vehicle charging based on tariff incentives is one option to influence the charging behavior. In the Freiburg area the residual grid load was adjusted by shifting the charging time to periods with high renewable energy production or low electric energy consumption. Another important aspect of this study is the development and realization of a pilot system for tariff incentive based load shifting. The so called ''mobile Dispatcher'' is principally used for the determination of the optimal charging strategy considering all relevant factors (e.g. user input data, time variable feed-in tariffs, energy consumption tariffs and battery degradation costs), the communication and data exchange with the charging station, as well as with the energy providers. Prior to the development of the ''mobile Dispatcher'', concepts to connect the electric vehicle to the grid were evaluated, and necessary modifications of the electricity marked structure were discussed. Based on the goals of the German national development plan, different grid integration strategies, such as mobile and stationary metering concepts, have been compared. The charge planning of the onboard pilot system ''mobile Dispatcher'' is based on direct communication between the energy system, the electric vehicle and a mobile metering concept. Experiences from implemented and successfully operating tariff incentive based charging done by ''mobile Dispatchers'' with bidirectional energy flow in 20 Plug-In hybrid cars are described. The ''mobile Dispatcher'', the grid integration strategies, the charging control based on variable tariffs as well as the analysis of the distribution grid are visionary studies for high market penetration of electric vehicles. But what are the existing options to link electrical cars with renewable energy production and which potential do they have in the near future? Both German feed-in directives, the Renewable Energies Act (germ. EEG) and the Combined Heat and Power Generation Act (germ. KWKG) guarantee a higher compensation for decentralized generated energy that is consumed locally instead of fed into the public grid. In the context of an emerging Plug-In vehicle market, the actual German legislation as well as the prognosis (decreasing PV- System costs, decreasing battery costs and increasing energy costs) open up the perspective of linking local renewable energies with the electric vehicles and enable new options for additional revenues for the local energy system. To address this, optimized operation strategies for Plug-In vehicles and decentralized energy production within the Smart Home have been evaluated and exemplarily demonstrated in a row housing site located in Freiburg. The approach used in this study to evaluate the options is a model-based optimization using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithms. The simulation, considering technical operation parameters as well as costs and revenues, revealed a potential financial benefit for optimized local operation management. Within the simulated period (January to July) benefits increased 2100 Euro (which is 40% of the contribution margin) compared to a complete feed into the public grid. Further simulations show that these benefits will increase in the near future (2015 and 2020). Optimization functions are the core elements for the different examinations in this study. Besides the model-based optimization using mixed integer linear programming (MILP), a combinatorial algorithm and an algorithm based on the graph theory have also been developed and adapted. In this study, tools, methods and concepts are described to establish a linkage between the energy demand of electric vehicles with fluctuating renewable energy generation today and in future. (orig.)

The merit order effect of wind and photovoltaic electricity generation in Germany 2008–2016: Estimation and distributional implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cludius, Johanna; Hermann, Hauke; Matthes, Felix Chr.; Graichen, Verena

2014-01-01

Generation from renewable energy sources in Germany has experienced a considerable uptake in recent years. Mainly responsible for this development is the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz, EEG). This paper considers redistributive implications of the EEG for different electricity consumers. Using time-series regression analysis, we show that electricity generation by wind and PV has reduced spot market prices considerably by 6 €/MWh in 2010 rising to 10 €/MWh in 2012. We use these results to build a near-term forecasting tool for merit order effects, projected to reach 14-16 €/MWh in 2016. On the other hand, the costs of the EEG are passed forward to consumers in the form of a surcharge. Our findings highlight significant redistributive transfers under the current design of the EEG. In particular, some energy-intensive industries are benefiting from lower wholesale electricity prices whilst being largely exempted from contributing to the costs of the scheme. We also highlight implications of our results for other areas for reform of the EEG, such as adequate remuneration mechanisms that ensure efficient operation and investment decisions are made under the scheme. More generally, these findings suggest that policy makers need to integrate distributional assessments into policy design and implementation. - Highlights: • The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has important distributional impacts on different electricity consumers. • Likely wealth transfers from households and small business to energy-intensive industry. • Merit order effects of around 10 €/MWh in 2012 are set to rise to 14–16 €/MWh in 2016. • These effects likely overcompensate exempt industry for contribution to cost of the EEG. • Implications for short- and long-term reform of the EEG and the design of renewable energy policy in general

Guide for construction of wood power systems. Construction - economic efficiency - technology; Leitfaden fuer die Errichtung von Holzenergie-Anlagen. Umsetzung - Wirtschaftlichkeit - Technologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruchser, M. [Forum fuer Zukunftsenergien e.V., Bonn (Germany)

2001-07-01

The Guidebook serves as a handbook for the entire operational sequence, which is necessary for the establishment of a wood combustion plant in Germany with an installed capacity larger than 100 kW{sub th}, for the use of fuel woods such as forest chips, wood and forest residues, pellets, wood waste, etc. within the limits of the laws and regulations prescribed for the respective performance classes. The Guidebook's purpose is to give potential investors and operators of wood combustion plants as well as the appropriate authorities a quick and global overview of the energetic use of wood in order to contribute to an increased application of this technology. The Guidebook introduces a Quality Model in Chapters 2 and 3, which describes the establishment of a wood combustion system in six phases. Eleven Management Aspects are differentiated, which can be helpful during the conversion of a project. Thus, potential investors and operators of wood combustion plants become acquainted with the most important aspects of this kind of project conversion. In addition, Chapter 4 provides an overview of the operating costs of wood combustion plants. The relevant licensing and planning procedures depending on the installed capacity and fuelwood use are comprehensively described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 supplies a concrete overview of the environmental aspects and emissions of wood combustion. Since wood combustion plants must be - as all other investments - financially secured Chapter 7 provides a description of the relevant information on public means and subsidies. Besides all important promotion programmes, the new German Renewable Energy Law (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz - EEG) of April 2000 is described in detail. Many examples of already realised wood combustion plant projects are described in Chapter 8. As an additional service, all significant addresses from ministries to energy agencies and associations are listed in Chapter 9. (orig.)

Costs involved in the expansion of renewable energies. A meta-analysis of scenarios; Kosten des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien. Eine Metaanalyse von Szenarien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pahle, Michael; Knopf, Brigitte; Tietjen, Oliver; Schmid, Eva [Potsdam-Institut fuer Klimafolgenforschung e.V., Potsdam (Germany)

2012-09-15

This study investigates current scenarios for a long-term transformation of the energy system towards high shares of renewable energy sources (RES) with a focus the associated costs. The scenarios include different regional scopes (Germany, Europe, and World) and were selected according to the following criteria: a minimum share of 80% RES electricity production in the power sector in 2050 and relevance in the public debate. Total transformation costs consist of a number of components, and scenarios are selective in terms of covered components as well as applied methodologies. For that reason total transformation costs are not comparable across scenarios. This can only be done for specific investment costs of RES technologies, which all scenarios rely on and treat in a consistent manner. Moreover, it can be assumed that specific investment costs are an essential driver of total transition costs. The essential mechanism for the development of future specific investment costs is the ''learning'' inherent to RES technologies. It is most widely used in the form of learning-by-doing, which assumes that specific investment costs decrease with increasing cumulated installed capacity. In fact, all investigated scenarios take account of learning-by-doing, by which the costs of all technologies are reduced until 2050. The largest reductions occur for solar energy (PV), which has abundant worldwide potential and a still relatively low degree of technological maturity. In contrast, the smallest reductions occur for wind energy (onshore), which is already mature and where expected technological progress is thus limited. Regarding capacity deployment, another relevant factor is the economic potential available in the respective region. They give rise to wind energy as the major technology in Germany, whereas solar energy dominates on the global level. For Europe the situation is more ambiguous, but solar energy is always an important option in case imports from the Middle East and North Africa are included. In order to assess the implementation of learning-by-doing and the derived cost reductions in the scenarios, it is necessary to clarify theoretical approaches and empirical evidence. From a scientific point of view learning-by-doing is a statistical relationship that is quantified by the learning rate, and for which a coefficient of determination characterizes its explanatory power. Empirical research on RES technologies so far arrives at two findings: First, learning rates exhibit ranges, which are higher for less mature technologies. For example, ranges for wind energy (onshore) are relatively low, whereas ranges for wind energy (offshore) are relatively high. Second, the explanatory power of the statistical relationship representing learning-by-doing is higher for low-scale modular technologies, and lower for large-scale plant-type technologies. That is, this type of learning is more likely to describe the future cost development of solar (PV), and less likely to describe the future cost development of for example wind energy (offshore) or thermal solar energy (CSP). The implementations of learning-by-doing in the scenarios hardly reflect these two findings. First, the statistical relationship is always assumed to have full explanatory power, even though this is far from being the case for most RES technologies. Second, just a single learning rate per technology is used in all scenarios, even though the literature identifies a range of rates. This practice is often justified by drawing on expert judgements, but without providing the particular method and making details transparent. Furthermore, the way in which the learning rate is applied is sometimes ambiguous. In many scenarios learning rates merely serve as an orientation to estimate global capacity deployment and cost reductions. Such a procedure is clearly insufficient on analytical grounds. For that reason it is recommended to develop additional robust deployment pathways for RES, which take account of uncertainties and are based on consistent and transparent modeling that guarantees scientific rigor.

Use of derivative instruments to integrate renewable energies into the electricity market; Einsatz derivativer Instrumente zur Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Kilian [Hochschule Aschaffenburg (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Ingenieurwissenschaften; Nelles, Michael [Rostock Univ. (Germany). Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultaet; Candra, Dodiek Ika

2017-08-01

The implementation of renewable energies to the electricity market is inefficient and expensive with current measures. Further these measures are prejudicial for the existing energy-only-market. The combination of fluctuating and controllable renewable powers in virtual power plants enables the marketing of this power as a derivate on the future market. Thus would relieve the spot market and stabilize pricing on both markets. Subsequently the renewable energy obligation will reduce and renewable energies could be marketed as secured power.

Cooperation of research and economy for renewable energies and energy efficiency. Contributions; Zusammenarbeit von Forschung und Wirtschaft fuer Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz. Beitraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szczepanski, Petra; Wunschick, Franziska; Martin, Niklas [comps.

2013-04-15

The following topics were dealt with: Energy efficiency as driver of economy, green economy, system techniques for photovoltaics and decentral energy systems, energy research at Bosch, portfolio of possible kinds of cooperation of the FVEE-member institutes with industry, efficiency potentials by the new main energy carriers sun and wind, renewable energies and energy efficiency, photovoltaics technology centers for the advanced technology transfer from institutes to the PV industry, thin-film photovoltaics, offshore wind energy and sea energy usage, research requirement at the future rotor, the status of the energy transformation process from the view of the FVEE, geothermal heat supply of metropoles on the example of Berlin, challenges in the research for low-temperature solar thermal energy, efficient refrigeration techniques and solar cooling, suitedness of combined heat and power and heat pumps for the balance of the fluctuating electric-power supply, key role of the current nets in the further decarbonization of the electric-power supply, new battery systems between research and application, the use of biomethane, water electrolysis and regenerative gases as key factors for the energy-system transformation, thermal energy storage, future energy.optimized buildings, energy concepts for cities and region, bridging the information gap on energy efficiency in buildings, integration of electromobiles in the Smart Grid. (HSI)

Compendium renewable energy. Job creator for success and career, technologies, companies, contacts; Kompendium Erneuerbare Energien. Jobmotor fuer Erfolg und Karriere. Technologien, Firmen, Kontakte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, Wolf D. [ADVOLAT Gruppe (Switzerland); Winz, Rainer (eds.) [Hochschule Merseburg (Germany). Fachbereich Informatik und Kommunikationssysteme; ADVOLAT Gruppe (Switzerland)

2012-11-01

The compendium under consideration gives a review on the most important technologies, market tendencies, career chances and training ways within the range of renewable energies. Experts from research, economics and associations present facts and background information according to the power production by sun, wind, water, bio fuels and geothermal energy as well as their practical application in different economic sectors. Prominent enterprises as technology leaders and potential employers are presented. Valuable information, contacts and addresses for the reader are given.

Successfull expansion of renewable energies due to reimbursement rates. Companies demand safety of investment; Erfolgreicher Ausbau Erneuerbarer Energien dank Einspeiseverguetung. Unternehmen fordern Investitionssicherheit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kunz, Claudia (comp.)

2012-06-22

Quota systems for the promotion of renewable energy sources are inferior to the reimbursement rates such as the German Renewable Energy Law (EEG). The reimbursement rates have been proven to be efficient and effective. Therefore companies demand no dismissal of the EEG because a dismissal reduces the security of investment and thwarts the expansion of renewable energies.

Renewable Energy resources in the Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy; Erneuerbare Energien in den neuen EU-Umwelt- und Energiebeihilfeleitlinien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frenz, Walter [RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Forschungsgebiet Berg-, Umwelt- und Europarecht

2014-08-15

Overall the provisions of the German Renewable Energy Law (EEG) of 2014 correspond to the stipulations of the EU Commission in its new Guidelines on State Aid for Environmental Protection and Energy, and their interpretation should therefore be strictly oriented to the latter. A point of concern in systematic respects is the participation of electricity self-producers in the EEG levy, because it violates the costs-by-cause principle. Irrespective of this issue, the exemption of old installations from this regulation is warranted for reasons of protection of legitimate expectation. For self-produced electricity from fossil-fuel-based cogeneration the EEG levy is to be reduced by 40%, following an agreement between the federal government and the EU Commission.

Compendium renewable energy. Job creator for success and career, technologies, companies, contacts; Kompendium Erneuerbare Energien. Jobmotor fuer Erfolg und Karriere, Technologien, Firmen, Kontakte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, Wolf D. (ed.) [ADVOLAT Gruppe (Switzerland)

2010-07-01

The compendium under consideration gives a review on the most important technologies, market tendencies, career chances and training ways within the range of renewable energies. Experts from research, economics and associations present facts and background information according to the power production by sun, wind, water, bio fuels and geothermal energy as well as their practical application in different economic sectors. Prominent enterprises as technology leaders and potential employers are presented. Valuable information, contacts and addresses for the reader are given.

powerado-plus. Promotion of education, instruction and training for renewable energy sources; powerado-plus. Foerderung der Bildung, der Aus- und Weiterbildung fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael [ed.

2012-05-15

The research project 'World of Renewables: powerado' explores the effective communication to promote renewable energies in children, adolescents, teachers and multipliers. In several modules, materials and training approaches for different age groups and audiences are developed. Fundamental studies are carried out. Based on these fundamental studies, successful communication strategies of renewable energy are performed. The contribution under consideration reports on the main findings from the period 2009 to 2012.

Sociology of the energy turnaround. Renewable energy sources and transition of rural regions; Soziologie der Energiewende. Erneuerbare Energien und die Transition des laendlichen Raums

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kunze, Conrad

2012-11-01

German politicians, industry and society are working on the 'energy turnaround'. While changes in centralized power generation and transmission are going slow, there is an increasing number of 'test laboratories' in rural regions as communities and villages abandon imported fossil fuels and generate their own power on the basis of solar, wind and geothermal resources. In his study, the author investigates the transition phase using tools of empirical sociology. He shows that local processes reflect the importance of the energy turnaround as a cultural change and as a full-scale transformation of rural regions. The development of local, decentral energy infrastructures is interpreted theoretically as an interdependence between social and technological compolexity. The further geographic diffusion of the model in German-language regions can thus be explained as a consequence of specific social structures.

Profitability and value-adding analyses for university IT and load balancing of renewable energies; Wirtschaftlichkeits- und Wertbeitragsanalysen fuer Hochschul-IT und Lastbalancierung erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klages, Marc

2011-08-19

Subject of the interdisciplinary work are the following priorities: Discussion and results of the economic opportunities and risks as well as sociotechnological relationships in the use of a campus management system (CMS) under strong college complex organizational structures. Various stages in the life cycle of a software solution are affected. The main focus lies in the context of the underlying themes on the selection, integration and migration of CMS. In particular, the research results of a complex process model for the creation of an economic analysis to integrate CMS solutions form the major focus. Investigation of the status quo of external funding and its IT-based management at German universities. Characterization of the actual situation, development of science-based target concepts and derivation of possible implications and relevant recommendations for action for the organizational and process-oriented (re)design of IT support. Green Business (GB) as a global enterprise framework to increase sustainability in supply chains for the purposes of corporate governance. IT serves as an operative trigger to the strategic sustainability goals of companies. Fluctuations caused by renewable energy (RE), endanger the stability in the European energy network and lead to inefficient compensation and balancing power. In-depth investigations show two main approaches to increase network stability: producer-sided load management through active management of virtual power plants (VPP) based on neuro simulated forecasting methods under various use of real-time information (such as weather data) and prize-controlled, semiautomated use of energy on the demand-side. All these research activities have this in common: they underscore the relevance of information systems for effective organization- and workflow-design and the development of potentials as well as fundamental benefit effects. For the organizational- and project-success, however, the choice of investment volume, the design of appropriate systems and process orientation is an essential guarantee. All the investigated sub-areas of this work take that same approach into account by investigating concrete scenarios. In addition, attention is drawn to a mismatch between the status quo of research and practice. The identified open problems lead to answers of research questions which address scientific rigor and relevance. The work operates in all topics with methodologically found, qualitatively and empirically validated results. In addition, relevant national, especially international literature sources make a central foundation.

Can renewable energy sources be financed through competitive power markets in the long run?; Koennen sich erneuerbare Energien langfristig auf wettbewerblich organisierten Strommaerkten finanzieren?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kopp, Oliver; Essler-Frey, Anke; Engelhorn, Thorsten [MVV Energie AG, Mannheim (Germany)

2012-12-15

In this paper we address the issue of whether renewable energy sources can be integrated into power markets if the use of renewable energies is extended at the desired speed. Market integration means that renewable energy sources have to cover their full costs from revenues on competitive markets. In the first part of this paper, we evaluate the long-term revenues of intermittent renewable energy sources using a high resolution power market model. Considering the renewable targets of the German lead study of 2010, we show that due to the merit order effect, intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind power and photovoltaic, cannot be financed through power markets alone, even if their full costs fall below those of conventional power plants. This is also true for scenarios with high CO{sub 2}-prices and increasing spot market prices. In the second part of this paper, we discuss whether in the long run additional instruments such as green certificates or capacity markets would allow for a more competitive financing of renewable energy sources. Center stage in the discussion is the question under which circumstances these instruments increase competitive pricing and decentralised market decisions. (orig.)

powerado-plus. Promotion of education, instruction and training for renewable energy sources; powerado-plus. Foerderung der Bildung, der Aus- und Weiterbildung fuer erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael (ed.)

2012-05-15

The research project 'World of Renewables: powerado' explores the effective communication to promote renewable energies in children, adolescents, teachers and multipliers. In several modules, materials and training approaches for different age groups and audiences are developed. Fundamental studies are carried out. Based on these fundamental studies, successful communication strategies of renewable energy are performed. The contribution under consideration reports on the main findings from the period 2009 to 2012.

Energiens diplomati

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rüdiger, Mogens

2014-01-01

Energidiplomati ses som en form for privat diplomati, der her udøves af virksomheder, blandt andet i forhold til EU og andre internationale institutioner. Hvad er formålet, hvordan gribes det an og hvad kommer der ud af dette private diplomati? er nogle af de spørgsmål, der diskuteres i artiklen...

Outsourcing Marketing Activities - a strategic option for energy suppliers. Increasing efficiency and reducing costs; Netzvertraeglichkeitspruefungen nach dem Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz. Verpflichtung zur Vorlage der Netzdaten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weissenborn, C. [Bereich Recht und Umwelt, Verband der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft - VDEW - e.V., Berlin (Germany)

2006-07-03

The transfer or certain functions in a company which do not belong to the originary core of the business to specialists has becom a normal attitude in economy nowadays. Thus it is no longer something special to decide for outsourcing facturing, personnel, legal or IT service departments. Up to now, marketing was not included in such considerations, not in energy industry at least. The following article shows that this might change in the years to come and explains which advantages could be achieved by outsourcing marketing activities and transferring them to third parties.

15th Kassel symposium energy systems technology. Renewable energy sources and E-mobility. Proceedings; 15. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik. Erneuerbare Energien und E-Mobilitaet. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-07-01

Within the 15th Kassel symposium of power system engineering from 23th to 24th September, 2010, in Kassel (Federal Republic of Germany) the following lectures were held: (1) Transformation of energy systems and electromobility (Juergen Schmid); (2) Electromobility and renewable energies - scenarios and perspectives (Michael Weinhold); (3) Fraunhofer systems research electromobility (Ulrich Buller); (4) Renewable energies and electromobility - research promotion of the BMU (Alexander Folz); (5) Lithium ion batteries - a key component for electric vehicles (Klaus Brandt); (6) Virtual batteries and electromobility (Peter Caselitz); (7) Integration of electric vehicles into the grid - grid-to-vehicle (Zbigeniew Styczynski); (8) Intelligent grid interfaces for electric vehicles (Ulrich Reker); (9) Contactless grid connection of electric vehicles (Ulrich Reker); (10) Current converters for electric vehicles (Peter Zacharias); (11) Vehicle to grid communication interface (Joerg Heuer); (12) Business models electromobility (Anke Weidlich); (13) Hydrogen and electromobility - a future model? (Hubert Landinger).

7. Kassel symposium on energy systems technology: Renewable energy sources and efficient utilization of energy; 7. Kasseler Symposium Energie-Systemtechnik: Erneuerbare Energien und rationelle Energieverwendung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caselitz, P. (comp.)

2002-07-01

This proceedings volume comprises 17 papers on the following subjects: Methane hydrates, compounds of gas and water; Compressed air stroage gas turbine power plants / Scheduled application for load levelling between varying wind power production and power demand; Modern pumped storage power stations in the GW range - the PSW Goldisthal example; Lead batteries - new developments and future applications; Alkaline battery systems for hybrid electric road vehicles; Lighium systems and their applications; Zinc/air cells; Hydrogen storage - metal hydride storage, compressed gas storage, LNG storage; Carbon nanofibres for hydrogen storage; Double-layer condensers - technology, cost, perslpectives; Supercondensers in motor vehicles; Superconducting magnetic energy stores; Flywheel storage - status report; Decentralized energy storage in the European integrated supply grid - the EU project DISPOWER; Intercontinental integration of power supply - perspectives of full-scale power supply on the basis of renewable energy sources in Europe; High-volgate direct-current transmission in the European power suppply grid; Superconductivity and energy transport - status and perspectives. [German] Dieser Tagungsband enthaelt 17 Vortraege mit folgenden Themen: Methanhydrate: Verbindung aus Gas und Wasser (Erwin Suess); Druckluftspeicher-Gasturbinen-Kraftwerke / Geplanter Einsatz beim Ausgleich flukturierender Windenergie-Produktion und aktuellem Strombedarf (Fritz Crotogino); Moderne Pumpspeicherwerke im Gigawattbereich - PSW Goldisthal (Wolfgang Bogenrieder); Bleibatterien - neue Entwicklungen und zukuenftige Einsatzbereiche (Reiner Wagner); Alkalische Batteriesysteme fuer Hybrid-Elektrostrassenfahrzeuge (Detlef Ohms, Gunter Schaedlich); Lithiumsysteme - Einsatzbereiche (Dietmar Rahner); Zink/Luft-Zellen (Michael Bruesewitz); Wasserstoffspeicher - Metallhydridspeicher, Druckgasspeicher, Fluessiggasspeicher (Andreas Otto); Kohlenstoff-Nanofasern zur Wasserstoffspeicherung (Juergen Garche); Doppelschichtkondensatoren - Technik, Kosten, Perspektiven (Ruediger Koetz); Einsatz von Superkondensatoren in Kraftfahrzeugen (Rainer Knorr); Supraleitende magnetische Energiespeicher (Klaus-Peter Juengst); Schwungradspeicher - Stand der Technik (Frank Taeubner); Dezentrale Energiespeicher im europaeischen Verbundsnetz - EU-Projekt DISPOWER (J. Schmid, etc.); Interkontinentale Stromverbuende - Perspektiven einer Vollversorgung Europas mit Strom aus regenerativen Quellen (Gregor Czisch); Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Uebertragung fuer das europaeische Verbundnetz (Michael Haeusler); Supraleitung und Energietransport - Stand der Technik und Perspektiven (Frank Schmidt).

New renewable energy sources and efficient power consumption at NOK: Promoting - testing - informing. Neue erneuerbare Energien und rationelle Stromanwendung bei den NOK: Foerdern - Pruefen - Informieren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kueffer, K; Baumberger, H [Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG (NOK), Baden (Switzerland)

1991-09-18

In accordance with the operating principles, the Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke (NOK) has decided on a comprehensive programme dedicated to opening up new sources of renewable energy and also to reducing demand by means of efficient power consumption. Intensive promotion, testing and information should ensure that, on the one hand, a premature condemnation of both possibilities and, on the other hand, exaggerated hopes can be avoided. (orig.).

Electricity feed-in laws as a universal means of promoting renewable energy? Taking a look at Brazil.; Stromeinspeisegesetze als Generalrezept zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien? Fallbeispiel Brasilien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kissel, Johannes; Assmann, Dirk [GIZ Brasilien (Germany); Kolks, Corinna [Bonn Univ. (Germany)

2012-01-15

Electricity feed-in tariffs modelled on Germany's renewable energy law are giving impulses for growth and development in many other countries. However, the successes achieved with this concept should not mislead one into thinking that electricity feed-in laws are a universal promotion instrument that can be adapted to the situation of any country. Taking as an example the promotion scheme adopted in Brazil, a rising threshold country, it can be shown that there are alternative instruments for utilising the continuing cost decline to dynamise the market.

Acceptance and citizen participation for renewable energies. Findings from the research of acceptance and participation; Akzeptanz und Buergerbeteiligung fuer Erneuerbare Energien. Erkenntnisse aus Akzeptanz- und Partizipationsforschung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wunderlich, Clemens

2012-11-15

The review under consideration reports on the acceptance and citizen participation in renewable energies. First of all, the authors define the term acceptance and describe the process of how this term is developed. Subsequently, the authors use the results of a representative survey by TNS Infratest (Munich, Federal Republic of Germany) in order to describe the peculiarity of the technology-specific acceptance of renewable energies in Germany. The facility-related acceptance of renewable energies is described in conjunction with the question whether there is a so-called NIMBY (Not in my backyard effect). Acceptable solutions for the problems of acceptance are presented based on two best practice examples by means of different procedures of the citizen's participation.

Green current in gold land. The Canadian territory Yukon focuses on renewable energy sources; Gruener Strom im Goldland. Das kanadische Territorium Yukon setzt auf erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumann, Berthold

2010-07-01

The report covers information on the hydropower plant Whitehorse in the Canadian Yukon territory with the dammed Schwatka Lake. Electricity for the gold town Dawson City is supplied by the hydro power plant Mayo at the Wareham Lake. A second project Mayo B is in construction. Small villages are usually supported by diesel generators. Recently some experiments are performed using wind power, specific Yukon modification of wind power stations were developed. The Yukon Energy Corporation together with Yukon Green Power has also started photovoltaic electricity generation.

Swiss statistics on renewable energy - Biogas - Collection of biogas data from regional wastewater treatment plants; Schweizerische Statistik erneuerbarer Energien - Teilstatistik Biogas - Erfassung Biogasdaten aus kommunalen ARA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buri, R.; Kobel, B.

2000-07-01

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents the results of a project that involved the collection of data on the production of biogas in wastewater treatment plants that each serve at least 200 inhabitants. The methods used to collect and verify the data are described. The assessment methods used to evaluate the findings are discussed, as is the extrapolation method used. The results are compared with the data previously used. Further, a data collection concept for use in subsequent years is described that involves the segregation of the wastewater treatment plants into three size categories. A comprehensive annex provides details on the data collection and the paperwork used, a list of the addresses of the wastewater facilities involved, an estimate of electrical power consumption and individual power production, the calculation of average efficiencies and tables of data.

Renewable energies. Public lecture series at the Competence Centre for Renewable Raw Materials - selected papers; Erneuerbare Energien. Oeffentliche Vortragsreihe am Kompetenzzentrum fuer Nachwachsende Rohstoffe - ausgewaehlte Beispiele

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faulstich, Martin [Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing (Germany); Technische Univ. Muenchen (TUM) (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Rohstoff- und Energietechnologie; Menrad, Klaus (eds.) [Wissenschaftszentrum Straubing (Germany); Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf (Germany). Fachgebiet fuer Marketing und Management Nachwachsender Rohstoffe

2011-07-01

Within the second issue of the lecture series 'Renewable raw materials in research and practice', the Research Centre Straubing (Federal Republic of Germany) has selected the following contributions from the lecture course 'Renewable Energies': (a) Biofuels - today and tomorrow (E. Remmele); (b) Renewable raw materials from agricultural view (M. Schoelch); (c) Value creation in the agriculture by means of bio energy (R. Wagner); (d) Stirling engine for a coupled power and heat generation (A. Wagner); (e) International perspectives of utilizing biomass (A. Spangenberg); (f) Geothermal power - a clean and sustainable form of energy (R. Geigenfeind, S. Walker-Hertkorn); (g) Potentials of genetically variedenergy crops for enhancing the production of biomass (T. Dresselhaus, M. Gahrtz); (h) Use of solar energy - Technologies and trends (T. Schlegl); (i) Power generation from wind energy in Germany (P. Tzscheutschler, C. Heilek); (j) Energy supply at the turning point solar house against passive house (G. Dasch); (k) From the heel into the abyss: Heating with wood chips in the municipal nursery (J. Baer, J. Krug); (l) Competition for use between renewable raw materials and food (A. Heissenhuber, S. Rauh); (m) Studying in Straubing (M. Faulstich, K. Menrad, A. Multerer); (n) C.A.R.M.E.N. active (W. Doeller); (o) Thermal insulation for energy efficient buildings (H.-P. Ebert); (p) Energy efficiency by means of an intelligent recycle management and waste management (G. Wasmeier); (q) Energetic recovery from waste wear - power generation in the drainage system Straubing (C. Pop); (r) Conservation of electricity in households (G. Keller); (s) High-tech materials from the nature (B. Schmidt); (t) Millet, miscanthus and other as energy crops and raw material plants (M. Fritz); (u) Sustainable utilization of renewable raw materials - an economic view for a global demand (P. Zerle).

Cost and prices of electricity. Fossil fuels, nuclear power and renewable energy sources in comparison; Kosten und Preise fuer Strom. Fossile, Atomstrom und Erneuerbare Energien im Vergleich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muehlenhoff, Joerg

2011-09-15

Consumers of electricity pay for production, transport and distribution as well as for taxes and dues. Electricity rates depend on various influencing factors, e.g. different fuel and capital cost of the power plants and the ratio of supply and demand in the electricity stock markets. End user electricity rats also include taxes and dues as well as the cost of power transmission. The publication presents background information on the formation of electricity rates in Germany. In a second step, the different cost factors of fossil fuels, nuclear power and renewable energy sources are compared. In particular, the external cost is gone into which often tends to be neglected in the electricity markets.

Support compass energy. BINE database. Support programs for energy saving measures and renewable energies; Foerderkompass Energie. Eine BINE-Datenbank. Foerderprogramme fuer Energie sparende Massnahmen und erneuerbare Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2006-07-01

With respect to energy saving measures and renewable energies, BINE Informationsdienst (Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany) presents a database with a comprehensive description of supply information. These information are fast in access, available at any time and up to date by an internet actualization service. The database contains: (a) actual support programs for private, commercial and institutional investors; (b) support conditions and references to the filling of an application; (c) filling of an application, sheets of instruction, original texts of the regulations, addresses, internet links; (d) information with respect to the ability of accumulation of different support programs. The functions of the database under consideration are: (a) comfortable search according to projects and target group; (b) daily actualization service via internet; (c) assumption and processing of the results in usual office applications; (d) printout of all results of search, individually or completely; (e) fast overview of all changes of the last four weeks. The advantages are: time-saving fast search; actual and carefully inquired knowledge as well as adhoc availability on your personal computer.

EEG II. Annexes and regulations. Comment; EEG II. Anlagen und Verordnungen. Kommentar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frenz, Walter (ed.) [Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Berg-, Umwelt- und Europarecht

2016-11-01

Berlin commentary EEG II: safe through the paraphernalia Like hardly any other law, the Renewable Energies Act (EEG) is subject to constant changes. With the 2014 amendment, the EEG was fundamentally redesigned. This makes the application of the complex rules a challenge even for experts. In addition, the sub-rules contain important statements in the form of numerous annexes and regulations - with the EEG amendment 2014, this has become even more detailed. In it, many calculations are only defined in detail and the legal provisions of the EEG are made more definite and supplemented. The Berlin commentary EEG II accompanies you expertly through this complex matter. Experts explain the widely divergent rules in practice. If necessary for a better understanding, the provisions of the EEG 2014 are also explained. Consistently designed for your practice As a buyer of the work, you also benefit from access to an extensive, regularly updated database. This contains important legal energy regulations of the EU, the federal government and the countries. Even earlier legal positions remain searchable and can be conveniently compared with current versions. So you can see at a glance what has changed. [German] Berliner Kommentar EEG II: sicher durch den Paragrafengeflecht Wie kaum ein anderes Gesetz ist das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) staendigen Aenderungen unterworfen. Mit der Novelle 2014 wurde das EEG grundlegend umgestaltet. Dies macht die Anwendung der komplexen Regeln selbst fuer Experten zu einer Herausforderung. Zudem enthaelt auch das untergesetzliche Regelwerk wichtige Aussagen in Form zahlreicher Anlagen und Verordnungen - mit der EEG-Novelle 2014 ist dieses noch ausfuehrlicher geworden. In ihm werden viele Berechnungen erst naeher festgelegt und gesetzliche Bestimmungen des EEG entscheidend konkretisiert und ergaenzt. Der Berliner Kommentar EEG II begleitet Sie fachkundig durch diese komplexe Materie. Experten erlaeutern Ihnen praxisorientiert die

The energy of the future. Fourth monitoring report on the energy turnaround. A good piece of work; Die Energie der Zukunft. Vierter Monitoring-Bericht zur Energiewende. Ein gutes Stueck Arbeit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2015-11-15

.132 Petajoule den niedrigsten Stand seit 1990. Die erneuerbaren Energien sind Deutschlands wichtigste Stromquelle. Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energie am Stromverbrauch lag im ersten Halbjahr 2015 erstmals ueber 30 Prozent. Beim Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien im Stromsektor liegt Deutschland auf Zielkurs. Die Hoehe der EEG-Umlage hat sich stabilisiert. Die durchschnittliche Steigerung der Energieeffizienz zwischen 2008 und 2014 lag mit 1,6 Prozent unter dem im Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung vorgesehenen Wert von 2,1 Prozent. Hier besteht weiterer Handlungsbedarf. Die Bundesregierung hat darum mit dem am 3. Dezember 2014 beschlossenen Nationalen Aktionsplan Energieeffizienz die Anstrengungen zur Effizienzsteigerung gebuendelt und verstaerkt. Der Endenergieverbrauch im Verkehr war 2014 rund 1,7 Prozent hoeher als 2005. Um das Ziel einer Senkung des Endenergieverbrauchs um 10 Prozent gegenueber 2005 zu erreichen, sind weitere Anstrengungen erforderlich. Zum ersten Mal seit ueber zehn Jahren sanken zu Beginn des Jahres 2015 die Strompreise fuer Haushaltskunden. Fuer Industrie- und Gewerbekunden, die nicht unter Entlastungsregelungen fallen, sind die Strompreise im Jahr 2014 nahezu konstant geblieben. Der Boersenstrompreis ist 2014 um weitere 10 Prozent zurueckgegangen und auch in 2015 weiter gefallen. Im Jahr 2014 hat Deutschland fossile Energietraeger im Wert von rund 81 Milliarden Euro eingefuehrt. 2013 waren es noch rund 95 Milliarden Euro. Zu den gesunkenen Importausgaben haben vor allem niedrigere Rohstoffpreise, aber auch geringere Importmengen beigetragen.

The economics of different dynamics of renewable expansion in the European context. A model-based analysis; Die Oekonomik unterschiedlicher Ausbaudynamiken erneuerbarer Energien im europaeischen Kontext. Eine modellbasierte Analyse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wissen, Ralf

2012-11-01

The author of the contribution under consideration reports on the development and application of a suitable method for the quantification of economic repercussions of different dynamics of renewable expansion within Europe under consideration of the relevant framework. The realistic evaluation of the cost effects of different dynamics of renewable expansion requires a detailed illustration of the current economic, technical, political and social framework conditions of the renewables in Europe considerably.

Standard monitoring system for domestic heat pumps

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Geelen, C.P.J.M.; Oostendorp, P.A.

1999-01-01

In the years to come many domestic heat pump systems are to be installed in the Netherlands. The Dutch agency for energy and environment, NOVEM, and the association of energy utility companies, EnergieNed, give high priority to the monitoring of heat pump systems. The results of the projects,

Digitalisierung im Verteilnetz: Evolution oder Revolution anhand konkreter Beispiele

Science.gov (United States)

Krone, Oliver; Bachmann, Maurus

Durch die Integration der neuen erneuerbaren Energien steht das Stromnetz vor großen Herausforderungen. Das Energiesystem als Gesamtes und die Verteilnetze im Speziellen werden smart. Anhand konkreter Beispiele wird aufgezeigt, wie die Digitalisierung im Elektrizitätsnetz voranschreitet. Diese Entwicklung ist eine Evolution, nicht aber eine Revolution.

dena grid study II. Integration of renewable energy sources into the German power supply system until 2020; dena - Netzstudie II. Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die deutsche Stromversorgung bis 2020

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agricola, Annegret C.; Seidl, Hannes; Zoch, Immo (comps.)

2010-12-15

With its broad system approach, dena Grid Study II describes new ways of developing Germany's integrated grid with regard to the expansion of renewable energy sources and taking not only an economically optimised conventional power generation system but also European power trading into account. Basis for detailed grid planning. Having investigated many different transmission technologies, grid management measures and options for increasing flexibility on both the supply and demand side, the study does much more than simply identify grid expansion requirements, it shows the path towards overall optimisation of the energy supply system. In addition to robustly identifying grid expansion requirements, dena Grid Study II provides a very sound basis for further detailed grid planning and the identification of specific power routes in the German power transmission grid. Increasing grid expansion requirements. dena Grid Study II investigates the expansion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to 39 percent by 2020. However, this is just an interim goal. By as soon as 2030, the German Federal Government is planning to raise the proportion of renewable electricity generation to 50 percent. This shows that even after 2020, further adaptation of grid infrastructure will still be necessary. Practical action required. If the grid expansion required to integrate renewable energy sources is to be achieved rapidly, there is an urgent need to back up the grid expansion scenarios presented in dena Grid Study II with practical action. (orig.)

Diesel engine cogeneration plants in the context of integration of renewable energy sources in power supply; Dieselmotor-Kraft-Waerme-Kopplungsanlagen im Kontext der Integration Erneuerbarer Energien in die Energieversorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sievers, John

2010-10-29

The aim of this thesis is to investigate and assess future options, potentials, strengths and weaknesses of cogeneration of heat and power. This is carried out against the background of global climate change and the integration of an increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies in power generation considering the necessity of guaranteeing a reliable, efficient, sustainable and cost effective power supply. It is assumed that the transition process to an entirely renewable energy-based electricity generation in Germany will considerably depend on the integration of wind energy because of its economic competitiveness, environmental friendliness and potential. However, power generation using wind energy fluctuates quite considerably. Diesel motors are here investigated as a decentralized integration instrument. Thanks to their great flexibility, high efficiency and relatively low nominal capacity, they perfectly meet the requirements for the simultaneous decentralized use of heat. Boundary conditions of Diesel motor combined heat and power plants (CHP) are analyzed and described in this work, different models for wind energy integration are elaborated, and these models are used for several variations to simulate the balance of wind energy by cogeneration. In this context, environmental impacts are discussed. Common assessment methods on environmental impacts of CHP distort the results. The so-called output method is developed and described, by which the final assessment of environmental impacts is not implicitly mixed - as is commonly the case - with the calculation of environmental impacts. This output method is used to compare CHP generation with other energy conversion processes within the context of power generation including insulation of buildings, the use of different fuels and different applications for cogeneration. This work clearly demonstrates that while bio fuel resources can be optimally used for power generation, cogenerated electricity could also be used optimally for mobility. The main assessment criteria for this are global warming potential, cumulated energy demand and exergy generation. Furthermore it also investigates potential sources from where the necessary bio energy for Diesel motors could be obtained. It is evident that the agricultural area available in Germany will only enable the production of a small part of the bio energy needed for the German power supply. An interesting option would be to make use of biogas on a larger scale and to import vegetable oils from outside Europe. This should mainly be carried out using degraded land, which would require an agricultural area in the range of 6 to 12 Mio. ha. Final results show that using renewable fuels, and after the integration of wind power, a full balance of the residual load by cogeneration, is reasonable and feasible. Such a wind-cogeneration DSM system should be supplemented by a stronger UCTE electricity grid and by the integration of hydro power plants for balancing power, which will enable the large-scale exchange of renewable energies within Europe and the neighboring regions.

Implications from the climatic change dynamics for research and development concerning renewable energies in Germany; Implikationen aus der Dynamik des Klimawandels fuer Forschung und Entwicklung erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lewerenz, Jana Celeste

2009-03-15

The climatic change is a fact. The contribution of the fourth IPCC (international panel on climate change) report is covered in the first chapter of the volume, describing the increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas production during the last centuries, possible mitigation strategies, unavoidable consequences, macroeconomic costs for stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions and possibilities of renewable energy resources. The second chapter is the Stern report 2006 on the existing scientific literature concerning the climatic change and its consequences, risk analyses and cost estimations for greenhouse gas reduction strategies on the one hand and costs of the possibly catastrophic consequences of the climate change on the other hand. The third chapter is the pilot study of the Federal Ministry of environment, nature conservation and nuclear safety 2007/2008. The fourth chapter is the contribution of the scientific commission of the Federal government on global environmental changes (WBGU) no 5: new stimuli for the climate policy: chances of the German double presidency. The fifth chapter covers the Meseberg topics - the integrated energy and climate program (IEKP) followed by a discussion of the described contributions.

Renewable energies in Latin America: enterprises grow international in sustainable manner. The example of Costa Rica; Erneuerbare Energien in Lateinamerika: Die nachhaltige Internationalisierung von Unternehmen. Das Beispiel Costa Rica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johst, Claus-Bernhardt

2009-07-01

The threshold and developing countries reject most of the demands of the Kyoto Protocol and are waiting in suspense for the renegotiations on climate protection scheduled for December 2009 in Copenhagen. The American continent will play a decisive role here, not least because, in many experts' opinion, the United States have so far done too little in response to the imminent climate change. However, there is also a noteworthy example to the contrary, where, despite a difficult market environment, a political course is being pursued in accordance with sustainability principles and in reconciliation of economic, social and ecological goals: the example of Costa Rica. After having dedicated itself for decades to ecotourism this small Central American state has now set itself the honourable goal of establishing a CO{sub 2} neutral energy supply system by the year 2021. The intent of this book is to provide enterprises of the renewable energy sector with an overview of the Central American and in particular Costa Rican region and to offer advice as to when and for whom an entry into its local energy economy will be worthwhile and what should be taken into account in the process.

Discussion paper 'Natural Gas for Sale'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-04-01

The information in this report must support a discussion on policy starting points for the structure of natural gas tariffs in the Netherlands. The discussion will be held within EnergieNed (the association for energy distribution companies in the Netherlands) in the light of recent developments in the energy distribution sector in Europe

In Situ Flash Pyrolysis of Straw

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bech, Niels

In-Situ Flash Pyrolysis of Straw Ph.D. dissertation by Niels Bech Submitted: April 2007. Supervisors: Professor Kim Dam-Johansen, Associate Professor Peter Arendt Jensen Erfaringerne med forbrænding af halm opnået gennem et årti har vist, at en proces der kan koncentrere energien på marken, fjerne...

Indledende hydrauliske undersøgelser af bølgeenergianlægget Power Pyramid

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kofoed, Jens Peter; Frigaard, Peter

Power Pyramid er et flydende overskyls-bølgeenergianlæg, dvs. energien udvindes af bølgerne ved at bølgerne overskyller reservoirer beliggende over middelvandstanden og det således opsamlede vand ledes tilbage til havet via en eller flere turbiner. Turbinen driver en generator, hvorved den opnåede...

From forest die-back to energy transition; Vom Waldsterben zur Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poetter, Bernhard

2013-07-01

Electricity from coal and nuclear fuels shapes Germany's energy policy for decades. But the overall balance of this policy has made possible the expansion of renewable energies. [German] Strom aus Kohle und Atom praegt seit Jahrzehnten Deutschlands Energiepolitik. Aber die Schadensbilanz dieser Politik hat den Aufschwung der erneuerbaren Energien moeglich gemacht.

The EEG as an instrument of the Federal areal management of renewable energies - also a contribution to the discussion about energy sectoral planning; Das EEG als Instrument des Bundes zur raeumlichen Steuerung der erneuerbaren Energien - zugleich ein Beitrag zur Diskussion um eine Energiefachplanung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gruener, Anna-Maria [Stiftung Umweltenergierecht, Wuerzburg (Germany); Sailer, Frank [Stiftung Umweltenergierecht, Wuerzburg (Germany). Forschungsgebiet Energieanlagen- und Infrastrukturrecht

2016-05-15

aus erneuerbaren Energien raeumlich zu steuern vermoegen und ob eine Energiefachplanung sinnvoll und notwendig ist.

Renewable energies and competition in the power economy. Governmental regulation - comparison between Germany and Great Britain; Erneuerbare Energien und Wettbewerb in der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft. Staatliche Regulierung im Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und Grossbritannien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suck, A.

2008-07-01

Throughout Europe the energy economy faces two major challenges from new governmental regulation, namely regulation for the purposes of climate policy and regulation for the introduction of competition to what used to be monopolistic sectors. With regard to the growing regulatory influence of the European Union the author of this British-German comparative study analyses how diverging structures of governmental organisation and historical paths of development have led to different regulatory approaches to the market introduction of renewable energies and the liberalisation of the power economy. He offers an in-depth analysis of the differences in success the two countries success have had in developing sustainable electricity production systems and establishing competitive structures in the power sector.

Wind power in Austria. A comparison of the social acceptance of renewable energy sources in the European Union; Windenergie in Oesterreich. Ein Vergleich der sozialen Akzeptanz erneuerbarer Energien in der EU

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perschy, D.

2007-07-01

The book investigates the acceptance of wind power in Austria, especially in the state of Burgenland where most wind power systems are sited. It starts by providing an analysis of the electric power industry as it is and then proceeds to compare the situation with other EU member states, especially Germany and Denmark which are leading in wind power. The results of the enquiry concerning social acceptance are presented and recommendations for action are presented. It was found that social acceptance of wind power systems in Austria is quite high even though the population providing the answers have to see them all the time. The book addresses all those who are faced with the prospect of having wind power systems constructed in their vicinity, as well as scientists and industrial organisations. (orig.)

Untersuchungen an a-C:H:Me beschichteten Substraten zur Eignung als alternatives Bipolarplattenmaterial für wässrige Vanadium Redox-Flow Batterien

OpenAIRE

Richards, Justin

2015-01-01

Für den Auf- und Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien sind zentrale und dezentrale Zwischenspeicherlösungen unabdingbar. Eine potentielle Technologie ist die All-Vanadium Redox-Flow Batterie. Ein essentieller Schritt für den kommerziellen Durchbruch dieser Batterie-Technologie vom Prototypenstatus zur Serienfertigung ist die Entwicklung eines kostengünstigen, elektrisch hochleitfähigen und elektrochemisch stabilen beschichteten metallischen Materials für die inneren Stromableiter (Bipolarplatten)...

Construction and environmental aspects of hydroelectric power stations; Bauliche Gestaltung und Umweltaspekte von Wasserkraftanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giesecke, J. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Wasserbau

1997-12-31

In terms of environmental-friendliness, inexhaustibility, availability, non-pollution and cost conditions, hydro power is the most obvious renewable energy source. Harnessing of hydro power does interfere with nature. But there are ways of reconciling economic and ecological concerns. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Hinblick auf Umweltfreundlichkeit, Unerschoepflichkeit, Verfuegbarkeit, Schadstofffreiheit und Kostenlage stellt die Wasserkraft die vorrangige erneuerbare Energiequelle dar. Ihre Nutzung fuehrt zu Eingriffen in die Natur. Es gibt jedoch Wege, die Belange der Oekonomie und der Oekologie ausgewogen aufeinander abzustimmen. (orig.)

Farmers close to the wind; Bauern hart am Wind

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heup, Juergen

2013-10-15

For many farmers, renewable energy has become a second mainstay. But her mood to invest in the various technologies is subject to fluctuations. Currently, wind energy is in high demand - especially in the east of Germany. [German] Fuer viele Landwirte sind die erneuerbaren Energien zu einem zweiten Standbein geworden. Doch ihre Investitionslaune in die verschiedenen Technologien unterliegt Schwankungen. Derzeit ist die Windenergie hoch im Kurs - vor allem im Osten Deutschlands.

Bewertung des Aufbaus einer Ladeinfrastruktur für eine Redox-Flow-Batteriebasierte Elektromobilität

OpenAIRE

Funke, Simon Árpád; Wietschel, Martin

2012-01-01

Eine Erreichung ambitionierter internationaler Klimaziele ist bei wachsendem Mobiliätsbedarf ohne Elektromobilität nicht möglich. Elektromobilität in Verbindung mit regenerativen Energien wird als wichtiger Baustein zur Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen angesehen. Gleichzeitig ist die Verbreitung von Elektrofahrzeugen gering, da diese gegenüber Verbrennungsfahrzeugen mit Einschränkungen verbunden sind. Neben den Anschaffungsausgaben stehen lange Ladezeiten und eine beschränkte Reichweite d...

Prospects and visions for biogas technology. Paper; Chancen und Visionen der Biogastechnologie. Paper

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pellmeyer, J. [Fachverband Biogas e.V., Freising (Germany)

2000-07-01

Due to the Electricity Feed Law the conversion of biogas into electricity has gained significance in recent years. Thanks to the Renewable Energy Law and of course the incentive programme of the Federal Economy Ministry biogas production has become a major agricultural branch. [German] Die Biogas-Verstromung hat in den vergangenen Jahren durch das Stromeinspeise-Gesetz deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Durch das erneuerbare Energiengesetz (EEG) und natuerlich das Anreizprogramm des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums ist die ''Biogasanlage'' zu einem bedeutenden Betriebszweig nicht nur in der Landwirtschaft aufgestiegen. (orig.)

Effects of an enhanced promotion of renewable energies on the investment dynamics in a conventional power plant plant. Interim report; Auswirkung einer verstaerkten Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien auf die Investitionsdynamik im konventionellen Kraftwerkspark. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harthan, Ralph Oliver; Seebach, Dominik [Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institut fuer Angewandte Oekologie, Berlin (Germany); Boettger, Diana; Bruckner, Thomas [Leipzig Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement

2012-03-26

A core component of the German government's Energy Concept is the expansion of electricity production from renewable energies. The German government also decided to decommission or not reactivate eight nuclear power plants following the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima. For the outstanding reactors in Germany it determined shorter remaining lifetimes. As a result electricity production in Germany is facing extensive transformation. The feed-in of renewable energies influence power plant dispatch and thereby also the electricity price. Since renewable energies are supported by a set price for their feed-in, their production occurs independently of demand with the result that the electricity price on the spot markets falls. Similarly the electricity price on the spot markets is lower in the case of the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants than without such an extension as a result of the low marginal costs of such plants. Moreover an increased feed-in of renewable energies or the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants leads to a lower electricity production in other conventional (fossil) power plants. This has an impact on the dispatch of power plants and the long-term development of the power plant fleet (arising from decommissioned plants and new investments). A lower electricity price, fewer operating hours for fossil power plants and a lifetime extension for nuclear power plants can lead to the profitable operation of fossil power plants no longer being possible and such plants being either decommissioned or mothballed. Similarly, comparatively higher electricity prices resulting from a quicker phase-out of nuclear energy can lead to an improvement in profitability and thereby also a reactivation of mothballed power plants or the retrofitting of fossil power plants. In this research project an iterative consideration of the short-term dispatch of power plants in a dispatch model and of the long-term decommissioning and investment effects in a power plant investment model is used to assess the effects of the integration of renewable energies against the background of the remaining lifetime of nuclear power plants. Furthermore different marketing channels for eco-electricity are discussed, including the associated economic effects and the different marketing options under the terms of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG).

Energiewende

OpenAIRE

Mallock, Wolfgang

2012-01-01

Ein Jahr nach Fukushima und angesichts der anhaltenden Erderwärmung steht die Menschheit vor der Frage: Wie soll der Energiebedarf künftig gesichert werden? Allen Menschen den Zugang zu Energie zu gewährleisten und die Erwärmung der Erde nicht mehr als 2°C über das vorindustrielle Niveau ansteigen zu lassen, erfordert eine Wende in der Energieerzeugung hin zu erneuerbaren regenerativen Energien und einer deutlichen Steigerung der Energieeffizienz. In Deutschland wird das Ziel verfolgt, au...

Pricing in quota obligation schemes for renewable energy. A stochastic model with reference to the Swedish quota obligation; Preisbildung in Quotenmodellen zur Foerderung Erneuerbarer Energien. Modellierung mit stochastischem Ansatz am Beispiel des schwedischen Quotenmodells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dees, Philipp

2013-12-11

The PhD thesis develops a stochastic model to explain pricing in Quota Obligation schemes for renewable energy (RE). It is based on the fact that electricity production from RE is depending on weather and other conditions, which leads to a random fluctuation. In the developed model the price for RE is depending on the probability of a lack of certificates at the end of an obligation period. In contrast to deterministic models, the stochastic model has a direct link between the price for RE and their high investment costs. Moreover, the stochastic model can be used to describe the development of prices over an obligation period. The model is adopted to the Swedish quota obligation. It is shown that the real RE prices there are much higher than the estimated prices derived from the model. This result is consistent to the fact that installed RE capacity in Sweden is much higher than necessary to fulfill the quota obligation.

Risk energy transition. Ways out of the impasse; Risiko Energiewende. Wege aus der Sackgasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleinknecht, Konrad [Muenchen Univ., Garching (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik

2015-07-01

scheitern. Konrad Kleinknecht versucht in seinem Buch, die Probleme zu benennen und Antworten zu finden. Fuer ihn stellen sich die folgenden Fragen: Welche Moeglichkeit haben wir, mit Windkraft und Solarenergie einen Teil der Stromversorgung zu ersetzen? Welche Stromquellen bieten gesicherte Leistung? Koennen wir auf Kohlekraftwerke verzichten? Brauchen wir neue Stromtrassen? Wie laesst sich Strom speichern? Wie real ist die Gefahr eines Blackouts in windstillen Naechten? Werden die Strompreise weiter steigen? Lassen sich mit einer grundlegenden Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) die grossen Risiken der Energiewende noch vermeiden? Die Energieversorgung muss dem Wohl des Ganzen dienen und dem Industriestandort Deutschland nutzen. Ein Blackout waere eine Katastrophe fuer das ganze Land, er muss unter allen Umstaenden vermieden werden. Wie wir dies bewerkstelligen koennen, vermittelt der Autor in seinem aufruettelndem Buch.

How much electricity really costs. Comparison of the state subsidisation and overall social costs of conventional and renewable energy resources; Was Strom wirklich kostet. Vergleich der staatlichen Foerderungen und gesamtgesellschaftlichen Kosten konventioneller und erneuerbarer Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuechler, Swantje; Meyer, Bettina

2012-07-01

This study explains how the costs of electricity are an aggregate of different components. The electricity price paid by the end consumer contains not only the actual costs of energy production, which make up only about a third of the actual price in an average household, but also different surcharges such as network charges, electricity tax, value added tax and the concession levy. It furthermore contains the allocation charge stipulated by the Renewable Energy Law (EEG reallocation charge) as a means of allocating the costs of the subsidisation of electricity from renewable resources to the consumers. On the other hand conventional energy resources such as nuclear energy, hard coal and brown coal have substantially benefited over many decades from state subsidies in the form of financial aids, tax rebates and other promotive measures. The main difference between this and the subsidisation of renewable energy is that the costs of conventional energy resources are largely charged to the state budget rather than being made transparent in the electricity price. Based on an evaluation of the literature, data, interviews and the authors' own methodological deliberations this study makes a systematic comparison of the direct as well as indirect state subsidisation of renewable and conventional energy resources during the period from 1970 until 2012. The annual totals obtained for each energy resources are then set in relation to the share of that resource in overall electricity production, yielding specific subsidisation rates in terms of cents per kWh for each resource. This does not yet take into account the high consequential costs in the form of environmental damage and climate-related damage caused by fossil and nuclear fuels as well as the risks associated with the latter (collectively referred to as ''external costs''), all of which are charged to the polluters only at a small fraction of the true amount. The two cost categories of state subsidisation and external costs are often not considered in the price of conventional energy resources but ultimately have to be paid nonetheless, be it the form of tax payments, the social costs of the climate change or of other burdens on humans and the environment. The study furnishes proof that the EEG reallocation charge levied for the promotion of renewable energy (3.59 cents per kWh in 2012) represents a far smaller cost burden than do conventional energy resources, and that it will remain so even if it raised substantially in the future to finance the conversion to a more climate-friendly, sustainable energy supply. Contrary to popular belief, renewable energy resources are not the big cost driving factor in our power supply system but rather a replacement of energy resources that are causing far greater consequential costs for tax payers and society as a whole. If power supply companies were made to include these additional costs of electricity production in their cost calculations, most renewable energy resources would already be competitive today.

Hydroelectric power: Energy vector for progress and development; Wasserkraft: Energievektor fuer Fortschritt und Entwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meclot, B; Dupuy, M; Weis, H; Linari, A; Baril, M; Barlow, M; Cambi, M; Cullen, R; Genier, M; Germeau, J P; Madureira, C; Mellquist, P; Perea, A; Rost, M; Savey, P; Schiller, G; Talhull, A

1997-11-01

Hydroelectric power in the UNIPEDE member states has a share of about 18 percent, i.e. slightly less than the world average of 19 percent. Hydroelectric power has good future prospects: It is a renewable energy source and well suited for storage. (orig) [Deutsch] Wasserkraft ist eine Energie, die im Rahmen der von den Mitgliedslaendern der UNIPEDE genutzten Energieerzeugungsarten eine hohe Bedeutung hat. Sie repraesentiert durchschnittlich 18% der erzeugten elektrischen Energie, leicht unterhalb des weltweiten Durchschnitts (19%). Die Merkmale der Wasserkraft verdienen Aufmerksamkeit: Es handelt sich um eine erneuerbare Energie, die in grossen Mengen gespeichert werden kann und in der Energiewirtschaft eine grosse Rolle spielt. (orig.)

Role of storage technologies to integrate high shares of renewable electricity generation into the electricity system of Germany. Simulation and optimization; Rolle und Bedeutung der Stromspeicher bei hohen Anteilen erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland. Speichersimulation und Betriebsoptimierung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, Niklas

2013-06-13

The share of renewable electricity generation of gross electricity consumption in Germany increased from 6.8 % to about 20 % during the years of 2000 and 2011. This share will increase even more in the future. The greater part of the renewable electricity generation is characterized by significant fluctuations, which can only be planned to a limited extent. Hence, the electricity system in Germany faces the challenge to integrate an increasing amount of fluctuating renewable electricity generation. Additionally the system stability needs to be ensured, despite a decreasing capacity in conventional power plants. One option to support the integration of large amounts of renewable electricity generation and to enhance system stability is the deployment of storage technologies. The aim of this research was to analyze the role of storage technologies to integrate high shares of renewable electricity generation into the electricity system of Germany. To achieve this aim, adiabatic compressed air energy storage, diabatic compressed air energy storage and mobile battery storage systems were simulated and compared with a pumped hydro storage as the reference storage system. Key characteristics of these storage systems were modeled within a fundamental stochastic unit commitment model of the German power markets (Joint-Market-Model) in order to analyze the effect of the implementation of these storage systems on the overall cost of the electricity system. Additionally, the operation of the storages in an electricity system with high shares of renewable energy was evaluated. The results show that the integration of large shares of renewable electricity generation into the grid can only be achieved with a substantial implementation of storage systems. To integrate 50 % of renewable energy, a storage power of 27 GW and storage capacity of 245 GWh is needed. For a renewable energy share of 80 %, a storage power of 78 GW and a storage capacity of 6.3 TWh are necessary. A 100 % renewable energy share requires a storage power of 139 GW and a storage capacity of 83 TWh. This also requires a significant capital expenditure. One option to reduce the overall system costs without compromising the system stability is to allow ''curtailment'' of wind and solar power. Curtailment is hereby only used, if it leads to lower operating costs of the system. For 50 % share of renewable energy the storage power can be reduced from 27 GW to almost 11 GW at constant storage capacity. The required storage capacity is reduced from 6.3 TWh to 5.4 TWh and the storage power from 78 GW to 66 GW for a share of 80 % of renewable energy. For a share of 100 % of renewable energy, the requirement of storage capacity is reduced from 83 TWh to 57 TWh and of storage power from 139 GW to 106 GW. In all assessments, where curtailment is allowed, the system costs are reduced. With this procedure only a minor share of renewable electricity generation (<1 %) is hereby not integrated into the grid. Furthermore, in this research the effects of different charging strategies of electric vehicles are analyzed. An uncontrolled charging, where the electric vehicles are charged at the instant they are connected to the grid is compared with a controlled charging (Vehicle-to-grid, V2G), where the time of charging can be delayed due to economic reasons until the starting time of the next trip. However, the controlled charging strategy of electric vehicles was found to have very little positive effect on the system costs. In a year with low wind and solar supply (reduced wind and solar supply by 15 %), the system stability is not given for a share of renewable electricity generation of 80 % and 100 %. To ensure the system stability for very high shares of renewable electricity generation, the power plant portfolio needs to be determined based on a load curve with yearly low wind and solar supply.

European emission trading, renewable energy law and the law of governmental environmental allowances; Europaeischer Emissionshandel, Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz und das Recht der Umweltbeihilfen. Plaedoyer fuer einen ''more environmental approach'' im EU-Wettbewerbsrecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jacobs, Max

2016-07-01

The book on European emission trading, renewable energy law and the law of governmental environmental allowances covers the following issues: The European emission trading system and the European law on competition, the European emission trading system and competitive concerns; The European renewable energy law and the European law on competition, The European renewable energy law and competitive concerns; environmental protection the European competition policy.

Basic concepts and estimated maximum possible employment effects of a consistent development of renewable energy systems in Nordrhein-Westfalen. 1st technical report; Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und Abschaetzung zukuenftig maximal moeglicher Bruttobeschaeftigungseffekte beim Ausbau erneuerbarer Energiesysteme in Nordrhein-Westfalen. 1. Technischer Fachbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohr, M.; Ziegelmann, A.; Unger, H.

1995-12-01

In the First Technical Report the fundamental ideas for the realization of this project are presented and the future possible maximum gross employment effects of an expansion of renewable energy systems in North-Rhine-Westphalia with consideration of the present-day cost structure are quantified in an initial stage. In this connection gross employment effects are defined as exclusive positive job effects without consideration of possible negative employment effects on the basis of less investments in other sectors of the economy. Based on a subdivided presentation of the intended course of the project and a formulation of its main objectives, a detailed description of the theoretical background of the applied methods of input-output analysis is provided. After the presentation of some different methods and the necessary assumptions, the analysis takes the so-called `Keynesian income multiplier` into account to accommodate the effects of an increase in national income. To use a known investment distribution, grouped in 21 sub-divisions according to categories of applications, within the scope of an input-output-analysis, the investments are converted. After the determination of the matrices, necessary to quantify employment effects, the maximum possible gross effects concerning the future job market of the Federal Republic of Germany will be assessed with consideration of the fluctuations in productivity on sector level. A total of 700.000 new jobs can be expected, of which about 27% are due to the increase of personal disposable income and the resulting rise in consumer spending respectively. (orig./UA) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden 1. Technischen Fachbericht werden konzeptionelle Grundlagen zur Realisierung des Vorhabens eroertert und es wird eine erste Abschaetzung der potentiellen Bruttobeschaeftigungswirkungen eines Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energiesysteme in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgefuehrt. Unter Bruttobeschaeftigungswirkungen werden dabei ausschliesslich positive

Strict rules for easy transition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roggen, M.

2003-01-01

The energy companies soon start tests to assess whether their information systems are ready to enable easy transition of retail clients from one energy supplier to another starting early next year. Having learnt a great deal from its experience with the liberalisation of the market for medium-sized business clients, power trade organisation EnergieNed has decided to run a support program named Spoed. (Dutch for Speed) to support the final stage of the liberalisation process. A Reference model has been prepared, on the basis of which energy companies can now test the mutual exchange of switch data [nl

The market premium of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act 2012. Does it really contribute to both market and system integration of renewables?; Die Marktpraemie im EEG 2012. Ein sinnvoller Beitrag zur Markt- und Systemintegration erneuerbarer Energien?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gawel, Erik [Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung, Leipzig (Germany). Dept. Oekonomie; Univ. Leipzig (Germany). Inst. fuer Infrastruktur und Ressourcenmanagement; Purkus, Alexandra [Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung (Germany). Dept. Bioenergie

2013-03-15

With the share of renewable energies within the electricity sector rising, improving their market integration (i.e. inclusion in the steering and remuneration processes of the electricity market) and system integration (i.e. enhanced responsibility for grid stability) is of increasing importance. To transform the energy system efficiently while ensuring security of supply, it is necessary to increase the alignment of renewable electricity production with short- and long-term market signals. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act 2012 introduced the market premium to provide market experience to renewable plant operators and incentives for demand-oriented electricity production. Shortly after its introduction, the instrument is already being criticised as ineffective and expensive. Building on early experiences, this article examines whether the market premium in its current design improves market and/or system integration, and if it seems suitable in principle to contribute to these aims (effectiveness). Also, potential efficiency gains and additional costs of ''administering integration'' are discussed (efficiency). While market integration in a strict sense (i.e. exposing renewables to price risks) is not the purpose of the market premium, it has successfully increased participation in direct marketing. However, windfall profits are high, and the benefits of gradually leading plant operators towards the market are questionable. Incentives for demand-oriented electricity production are established, but they prove insufficient particularly in the case of intermittent renewable energy sources. A continuation of the instrument in its current form therefore does not seem recommendable. To conclude, potential alternative solutions are presented.

New jobs outside town; Neue Arbeitsplaetze auf der gruenen Wiese

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Epp, B.

2001-07-01

The new factory building of the Solvis company, Brunswick, was developed by the staff members themselves in consideration of Solvis company criteria, i.e. level hierarchies, short distances between white collar and blue collar staff, and utilisation of renewable energy sources. In the second stage, architects designed a building that meets these specifications. [German] Lehrbuchreif ist der Planungsprozess des neuen Fabrikgebaeudes der Firma Solvis in Braunschweig. Zuerst entwickelten die Mitarbeiter das Fertigungslayout nach den bewaehrten Solvis-Kriterien - moeglichst geringe Hierarchien, maximale Naehe zwischen Kopf und Hand und beste Ausnuetzung regenerativer Energien. Erst im zweiten Schritt entwarfen die Architekten ein Gebaeude, das diese Vorgaben erfuellt. (orig.)

Weather-driven power transmission in a highly renewable European electricity network

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rodriguez, Rolando A.

definerende egenskaber af det optimale system. I et forsøg p ̊a at reducere LCOE for et system baseret udelukkende p ̊a vedvarende energi udforsker vi heterogene distributioner af VRES-kapacitet. En distribution pro- portionel til landenes kapacitetsfaktorer udnytter Europas ressourcer bedre, hvilket betyder...... og tidslig opløsning estimerer vi den potentielle produktion i 30 europæiske lande. Vi konkluderer, at selv med en VRES- andel p ̊a 100% ville et gennemsnitligt land miste omkring 24% af dets energi, som følge af at produktionen foreg ̊ar p ̊a tidspunkter, hvor energien ikke kan benyttes, hvilket...

Decentral amd renewable power generation; Dezentrale und erneuerbare Stromerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arndt, Ulli [EWE AG, Oldenburg (Germany). Abt. Forschung und Entwicklung

2011-07-01

The inspiration for the design of an energy system of the future constitutes the necessary change of the power generation structure deriving from renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. In Germany, the captured feeding volume of renewable energy amounts 89.1 TWh per annum in 2009. The high demands on a stable and efficient network operation require an intelligent networking of information and communication technology. This network enables the production facilities and consumption components to communicate with renewable energies. EWE AG (Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany) develops and implements an active smart grid as a distribution network with a virtual power plants and energy marketplaces, with network services and management algorithms and a new tariff system feedback sysem for the involvement of domestic consumers.

ISEE (InformationsSystem Erneuerbare Energie): Renewable Energy Information System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grebe, R.; Koch, H.

1991-01-01

Since the end of 1989 ISET has been operating the title database ISEE. Access to this on-line database may be obtained by any interested party posessing a computer, which is connected to the network of the 'Deutsche TeleCom' by telephone or Datex-P. The command language of ISEE is German. ISET will establish an English version in 1991/1992. In brief attention is paid to the components of the ISEE database, its user groups, the possibilities to access ISEE, and further developments. 3 figs

Wer im Treibhaus sitzt wie wir der Klima- und Energiefalle entkommen

CERN Document Server

Kleinknecht, Konrad

2007-01-01

Deutschland leistet sich eine verlogene Debatte um die Zukunftsfrage schlechthin: Wie entkommen wir der Energie- und Klimafalle? Mit Parolen aus den Siebzigerjahren (»Atom­kraft – nein danke!«) und Vogel-Strauß-Politik verspielen wir unsere Zukunft als Industrienation. Konrad Kleinknecht zeigt, wie alarmierend die Situation ist. Schon bald wird die Klimaänderung dazu führen, dass Millionen Menschen nach Europa kommen, weil ihre Lebensräume unbewohnbar geworden sind, schon bald wird Energie, der Lebenssaft unserer Zivilisation, nicht mehr ausreichend verfügbar oder bezahlbar sein. Als Physiker kann Kleinknecht klar nachweisen, dass der bisherige Energiekurs, das Setzen auf fossile Energien, in den Untergang führt.

On open questions of the coalition agreement. EEG levy, national CO{sub 2} levy, electricity tax instead of energy tax?; Zu offenen Fragen des Koalitionsvertrags. EEG-Umlage, nationale CO{sub 2}-Abgabe, Stromsteuer statt Energiesteuer?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becker, Peter

2018-03-15

beschliessen, als Grundlage fuer ein Gesetz. Die Aussagen zur Energiewende enttaeuschen noch mehr. Ein Anteil von etwa 65 Prozent Erneuerbare Energien (EE) bis 2030 wird ''angestrebt''. Wuenschenswert sei die Deckung des ''zusaetzlichen Strombedarfs zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele im Verkehr, in Gebaeuden und in der Industrie''; man ahnt: Die haben sich tatsaechlich schon mit der Sektorenkopplung befasst. Aber dass fuer eine Sektorenkopplung, die die Klimaschutzziele zu erreichen erlaubt, eine Verdopplung der Stromproduktion noetig ist, kann man nirgends lesen. Zwar bekennt sich die Politik zu Power to X; auch der Abgeordnete Bareiss von der CDU. Aber dass beispielsweise bei Power to Gas nur etwa eine Effizienz von etwa 30 Prozent erreicht wird, wird von kaum jemand angesprochen. Ein wichtiger Grund fuer die Unverbindlichkeit der Aussagen ist nicht nur der politische Dissens, sondern die hohe Komplexitaet des Stoffs. Z.B.liegt der Zusammenhang zwischen der Einfuehrung einer CO{sub 2}-Abgabe und der Strom- bzw. Energiebesteuerung nicht auf der Hand. Daher soll der Versuch gemacht werden, die Forderungen thesenartig aufzustellen und die Zusammenhaenge kurz zu erlaeutern. Dieser Beitrag ist als Aufforderung zur Diskussion gedacht.

Feasibility study for new ecolabels for the product group: Wood pellet firings. Final report; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen fuer die Produktgruppe: Holzpelletfeuerungen. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Weiss, J.; Hirschl, B.

2002-07-01

gerechtfertigt ist, und welche Anforderungen diese im Vergabefall erfuellen sollten. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde zunaechst eine umfassende Marktanalyse durchgefuehrt, um daraus die Anlagen zu identifizieren, die fuer ein Umweltzeichen in Frage kommen. Im Hauptteil der Studie erfolgte eine vertiefende Analyse der Umweltrelevanz der ausgewaehlten Anlagen. Hierzu wurde eine Herstellerbefragung durchgefuehrt und ein Systemvergleich mit Gas- und Oelheizkesseln sowie mit herkoemmlichen Holzfeuerungen auf Holzhackschnitzel- und Scheitholzbasis vorgenommen. Auf der Basis dieser Analyse wurden Vorschlaege fuer Vergabegrundlagen fuer Holzpelletheizkessel und Holzpelletraumheizer abgeleitet, die in einem Fachgespraech in einer breiten Runde von Experten und Herstellern vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden. Aus der Studie und dem Fachgespraech konnte ein deutliches Votum fuer die Umweltzeichen fuer die untersuchten Holzpelletfeuerungen abgeleitet werden. Holzpelletfeuerungen zeichnen sich durch ihren hohen Automatisierungsgrad und den Einsatz eines genormten Brennstoffes mit gleichbleibender hoher Qualitaet aus. Dadurch erreichen sie zum einen eine hohe Verbrennungsguete mit sehr geringen Emissionen, zum anderen werden Fehler durch unsachgemaesse Bedienung minimiert. Sie koennen zudem einen wichtigen Beitrag zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien leisten und so zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele beitragen. Die vorgeschlagenen Vergabegrundlagen umfassen Anforderungen an rationelle Energienutzung (Wirkungsgrad bei Nennlast und Teillast, Hilfsstrombedarf), Emissionswerte von CO, NO{sub x}, Staub und organischen Stoffen, Angebot von Dienstleistungen sowie Anforderungen an die Bedienungsanleitung. Als moegliche Umschrift eines Zeichens fuer Holzpelletfeuerungen wird empfohlen: 'Umweltzeichen... weil emissionsarm und energieeffizient'. (orig.)

Feasibility study for new ecolabels according to ISO 14024 (type 1) within the product group: wood pellet heating systems; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen fuer die Produktgruppe: Holzpelletfeuerungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Weiss, J.; Hirschl, B. [Institut fuer Oekologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IOEW) gGmbH, Berlin (Germany)

2003-01-01

gerechtfertigt ist, und welche Anforderungen diese im Vergabefall erfuellen sollten. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde zunaechst eine umfassende Marktanalyse durchgefuehrt, um daraus die Anlagen zu identifizieren, die fuer ein Umweltzeichen in Frage kommen. Im Hauptteil der Studie erfolgte eine vertiefende Analyse der Umweltrelevanz der ausgewaehlten Anlagen. Hierzu wurde eine Herstellerbefragung durchgefuehrt und ein Systemvergleich mit Gas- und Oelheizkesseln sowie mit herkoemmlichen Holzfeuerungen auf Holzhackschnitzel- und Scheitholzbasis vorgenommen. Auf der Basis dieser Analyse wurden Vorschlaege fuer Vergabegrundlagen fuer Holzpelletheizkessel und Holzpelletraumheizer abgeleitet, die in einem Fachgespraech in einer breiten Runde von Experten und Herstellern vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden. Aus der Studie und dem Fachgespraech konnte ein deutliches Votum fuer ein Umweltzeichen fuer die untersuchten Holzpelletfeuerungen abgeleitet werden. Holzpelletfeuerungen zeichnen sich durch ihren hohen Automatisierungsgrad und den Einsatz eines genormten Brennstoffes mit gleichbleibender hoher Qualitaet aus. Dadurch erreichen sie zum einen eine hohe Verbrennungsguete mit sehr geringen Emissionen, zum anderen werden Fehler durch unsachgemaesse Bedienung minimiert. Sie koennen zudem einen wichtigen Beitrag zur verstaerkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien leisten und so zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele beitragen. Die vorgeschlagenen Vergabegrundlagen umfassen Anforderungen an rationelle Energienutzung (Wirkungsgrad bei Nennlast und Teillast, Hilfsstrombedarf), Emissionswerte von CO, NO{sub x}, Staub und organischen Stoffen, Angebot von Dienstleistungen sowie Anforderungen an die Bedienungsanleitung. Als moegliche Umschrift eines Zeichens fuer Holzpelletfeuerungen wird empfohlen: 'Umweltzeichen... weil emissionsarm und energieeffizient'. (orig.)

Effectiveness of instruments for increasing energy efficiency and promoting the use of renewable forms of energy; Wirksamkeit von Instrumenten zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energien. Studie im Auftrag des Energie Trialog Schweiz und des Bundesamtes fuer Energie - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rieder, S.; Walker, D.

2009-03-15

This comprehensive final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of a study made for the Swiss Energy Trialogue and the SFOE on the effectiveness of instruments for increasing energy efficiency and for the promotion of the use of renewable forms of energy. The results of a literature analysis are presented and discussed. Four basic questions are looked at: Under which conditions are state instruments effective, what influence do concepts and implementation have, which combinations of various instruments are most effective and which recommendations can be made to public authorities for the use of energy-policy instruments. Regulative, financial, persuasive and structural instruments are reviewed. The report is augmented with a comprehensive appendix which lists the literature sources used.

Distributed power generation, a market assessment; Marktaspekte der verteilten Energieerzeugung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weller, T.

2001-03-01

The article assesses in the light of current energy policy the development of distributed power generation in the future, and resulting impacts on the structure the deregulated power industry in Germany. The author defines the essential characteristics of distributed power generation as opposed to centralized power generation, explains the various existing and emerging power generation technologies, and discusses market penetration scenarios and marketing opportunities in the context of technological developments, environmental and energy efficiency aspects, and consumer attitudes. (orig./CB) [German] Der Artikel bietet wichtige Definitionen fuer eine zielfuehrende Diskussion ueber das gesamte Gebiet der verteilten und dezentralen Energieerzeugung. Er versucht, teilweise emotional besetzte Themen auf sachlich begruendbare Grundannahmen zurueckzufuehren und zieht erste Folgerungen fuer das Zusammenwirken von erneuerbaren Energien und verteilter Energieerzeugung. (orig./CB)

AMANDA and D0 as a Test Environment for the LHC Computing Grid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harenberg, Torsten [Univ. of Wuppertal (United States)

2005-08-01

Die Suche nach den Grundbausteinen der Materie und nach den Kräften, die zwischen ihnen wirken, ist das Forschungsgebiet der Hochenergiephysik. Mit immer größer werdenden Teilchenbeschleunigern erreicht man immer tiefer gehende Erkenntnisse und dringt dabei in Energiebereiche vor, wie sie kurz nach dem Urknall herrschten. Im Moment ist das Tevatron am Fermilab der energ piereichste Teilchenbeschleuniger der Welt mit einer Schwerpunktsenergie von √s = 1, 96 TeV. Um die bei diesen hohen Energien entstehende Anzahl von Teilchen zu messen, sind auch immer höher auflösende Detektoren nötig. Dem wurde dadurch Rechnung getragen, dass mit der Steigerung der Schwerpunktsenergie am Tevatron auch die Detektoren DØ und CDF1) teilweise erneuert wurden.

Reliable energy in th 21st century; Sichere Energie im 21. Jahrhundert

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petermann, J. (ed.)

2006-07-01

Energy dominates our future. Climate is in danger, oil century will end. What's following? The exciting manual on the actual energy debate is prepared. Journalists and scientists offer data, facts and backgrounds: How do we secure the energy supply, without danger environment? Clearly written, by effortful info-graphics illustrated: a book with debate potential. An 'energy bible' for everybody. Energy is the drive for world economy and the base for global prosperity. Dramatical price amounts for power, gasoline and heating energy rouse consumers. The demand for oil increases, however stocks are shrinking, the era of fossil fuels finishes. CO2 burdens the ecosphere. The dependency of political instable world regions, exploiting oil and gas, increases. Energy economy and policy are faced with difficult decisions: How to face climate change? Does the world need nuclear power? How do we succeed to the change to renewable energy sources? The book - unanimously commended by reviewers - shows ways, how energy supply will be secured sustainably. (orig./GL) [German] Energie bestimmt unsere Zukunft. Das Klima ist in Gefahr, das Oelzeitalter geht zu Ende. Was kommt danach? Das spannende Handbuch zur aktuellen Energie-debatte - in ueberarbeiteter Neuauflage. Journalisten und Wissenschaftler liefern Daten, Fakten und Hintergruende: Wie sichern wir den Energie- nachschub, ohne die Umwelt zu gefaehrden? Verstaendlich geschrieben, mit aufwaendigen Info-Grafiken illustriert: ein Buch mit Debatten-Potenzial. Die 'Energie-Bibel' fuer jedermann. Energie ist der Motor der Weltwirtschaft und die Basis fuer globalen Wohlstand. Teils dramatische Preisanstiege fuer Strom, Benzin und Heizenergie ruetteln die Verbraucher wach. Die Nachfrage nach Erdoel steigt, doch die Vorraete schrumpfen, das Zeitalter fossiler Energien geht zu Ende. CO2 belastet die Oeko-sphaere. Die Abhaengigkeit von politisch instabilen Weltregionen, in denen Oel und Gas gefoerdert werden

Hydro power in the German system of energy supply; Wasserkraft im Energiesystem Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaltschmitt, M. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Abt. Neue Energietechnologie und Technikanalyse

1997-12-31

The technical potentials of electric power generation from hydro power in Germany, the current harnessing of hydro power, its costs, and certain characteristic quantities reflecting its effects on the environment are described. These diverse characteristic quantities are compared with those of other renewable and fossil energy sources used to generate electricity. On this basis, opportunities for extending the use of hydro power in Germany and its limits are discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Ziel der folgenden Ausfuehrungen ist, die technischen Potentiale und deren derzeitige Nutzung, die Kosten und bestimmte die Umwelteffekte beschreibende Kenngroessen einer Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft in Deutschland darzustellen. Diese unterschiedlichen Kenngroessen werden anschliessend mit denen anderer regenerativer Energien und fossiler Energietraeger zur Stromerzeugung verglichen. Ausgehend davon werden die Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen einer weitergehenden Wasserkraftnutzung im Energiesystem Deutschland diskutiert. (orig.)

1. expert congress on geothermal power: On the way to a new energy future. Proceedings; 1. Fachkongress Geothermischer Strom: Start in eine neue Energiezukunft. Tagungsband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

Tagungsband befasst sich mit den folgenden Themen: 1. Allgemeiner Teil: a) Die Rolle der Geothermie im Rahmen einer zukunftsfaehigen Energieversorgung; b) Effiziente Foerderinstrumente fuer Erneuerbare Energien; c) Geothermische Ressourcen fuer die Stromerzeugung (TAB-Studie); d) Vom Potenzial zur Nutzung - Konzepte fuer die geothermische Stromerzeugung in Deutschland; e) Eine energiewirtschaftliche Einordnung der Geothermie in das Energiesystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Techniken, des Entwicklungsstandes, Marktpotenzials geothermischer Stromerzeugung und der bisher gemachten Erfahrungen in den laufenden Projekten. 2. Lokalbezug und Poster: a) Erkundung, Aufschluss, Bau und Betrieb der geothermischen Anlage in Neustadt-Glewe; b) Technisches Konzept des geothermischen Kraftwerks Neustadt-Glewe. 3. Exploration, Bohrtechnik: a) Abschaetzung der Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit bei geothermischen Bohrungen; b) Seismische Exploration, Reservoirmodellierung und Reservoirsimulation zum Geothermieprojekt; c) Bohrtechnik und Bohrkosten fuer Sedimentgesteine. Bohren im Kristallin. 3. Komplettierung, Frac-Technik: a) Frac-Technik im Kristallin; b) Frac-Technik in Sedimenten; c) New-Technology MWD and LWD Systems Designed for Ultra-Deepwater and Geothermal Drilling; d) Weiterentwicklung geothermischer Stromerzeugung im sueddeutschen Kristallin. 4. Verstromung Geothermischer Energie: a) Effizienz der geothermischen Stromerzeugung; b) Duales Heizwerk gespeist mit einem geothermalen Wasser einer mittleren Enthalpie; c) Das Geothermiefeld der Insel Milos in Griechenland: Aktuelle geothermische Exploration und Entwicklung. 5. Poster der Tagung: a) Der UGGW - das innovative Konzept zur Standort unabhaengigen Stromerzeugung; b) Geothermische Ressourcen Russlands und Nutzungsprognose bis 2020; c) Auf der Lernkurve zum Geothermischen Strom: Das In situ Geothermielabor Gross Schoenebeck; d) Waermebegleitende Tiefbohrzemente: Zusammensetzungen, Untersuchungsmethode

Von eingebetteten Systemen zu Cyber-Physical Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Wedde, Rorst F.; Lehnhoff, Sebastian; Rehtanz, Christian; Krause, Olav

Das Hauptanliegen des Papiers ist, ein Paradigma für Probleme mit neuartigen Integrationsanforderungen für Forschung und Entwicklung in verteilten eingebetteten Echtzeitsystemen zu motivieren und vorzustellen, nämlich den Begriff Cyber-Physical Systems. Bei einer in letzter Zeit stark zunehmenden Anzahl von Realzeitanwendungen können ohne die Berücksichtigung solcher Forderungen keine praktisch brauchbaren Lösungen erwartet werden. Einige Anwendungsfelder werden angesprochen. Im Einzelnen werden dann für Elektroautos, die mit erneuerbaren Energien betrieben werden sollen, einerseits die Management-, verteilte Verhandlungs- und Verteilungsprobleme der benötigten Energie in einem bottom-up Ansatz gelöst. Andererseits wird als Teil unserer Projektarbeit die Bereitstellung von Reserveenergie für den allgemeinen Bedarf durch Autobatterien vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass dies effizienter und wesentlich kurzfristiger in unserem verteilten Vorgehen geschehen kann als in traditionellen Verfahren.

Renewable energy act. How did the framework conditions in the amendment 2012 change? Direct marketing of electric power and modifications in the biogas sector; Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz. Wie haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen in der Novelle 2012 geaendert? Strom-Direktvermarktungen und Veraenderungen in der Biogasbranche

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kipper, Bernd-Ruediger

2013-06-01

On 1 January 2012, the EEG 2012 and some other legal texts became effective. The author of the contribution under consideration reports on the changing framework conditions in the amendment 2012. In particular, the direct marketing of electric power and the modifications in the biogas sector are considered.

A contribution of the FVEE to the 6th German energy research program. Research projects in the area of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and system integration; Beitrag des FVEE zum 6. Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung. Forschungsaufgaben in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, Energieeffizienz und Systemintegration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stryi-Hipp, Gerhard; Stadermann, Gerd (comps.)

2010-10-15

Due to the increasing climate change, increasing dependence of imports from constant scarce fossil and nuclear energy resources and due to the strongly fluctuating energy prices, fundamental settings of the agenda for the power supply are placed at present in Germany and Europe. In the contribution under consideration, the Renewable Energy Research Association (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) recommends ways to the research and development of a power system in which renewable energies and energy efficiency play a central role. For the 6th energy research program of the Federal Government two principles can be derived: (a) The energy research must be intensified clearly and permanently; (b) In the energy research a clear stabilization of the renewable energies and the energy efficiency have to be performed, since they are the most important contributions to the future energy system.

Flavor fluctuations in central Pb-Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(CDS)2067568; Stock, Reinhard

1999-01-01

Das Ziel der Untersuchung von ultra-relativistischen Schwerionenkollisionen ist die Suche nach dem Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), einem Zustand hochdichter stark wechselwirkender Materie in dem der Einschluss von Quarks und Gluonen in Hadronen aufgehoben ist. Die bisher gewonnenen experimentellen Hinweise deuten daraufhin,daß in Schwerionenkollisionen bei den derzeit höchsten zur Verfügung stehenden Energien von 158 GeV/Nukleon in Pb+Pb Reaktionen am CERN-SPS die Rahmenbedingungen für einen Phasenübergang von hadronischer Materie zu einer partonischen Phaseerfüllt sind. Die exakte Phasenstruktur stark wechselwirkender Materie hingegen ist derzeit noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Da inklusive hadronische Observablen und "penetrierende Proben" nicht direkt sensitiv auf die Existenz und Natur des Phasenübergangs sind, wurde die Analyse von Einzelereignis-"event-by-event"-Fluktuationenvorgeschlagen. Das Fluktuationsverhalten von Einzelereignis-Observablen sollte direkt sensitiv auf die Natur des zu beobachte...

''Improving the EEG''. PHOTON discussion with experts of German political parties on the future of reimbursement for alternative energy; ''Das EEG weiter entwickeln''. PHOTON-Streitgesprach mit Energie-Experten der Bundestagsfraktionen ueber die kuenftige Solarstromfoerderung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2002-08-01

In a PHOTON discussion with Rainer Brinkmann (SPD), Franz Obermeier (CSU), Hans-Josef Fell (Buendnis 90/Die Gruenen), Walter Hirche (FDP) and Eva Bullinger-Schrter (PDS), it became clear that the FDP is not the only political party in Germany to oppose the EEG (Renewable Energy Act). The CSU is thinking about replacing reimbursement for alternative energy sources by a tendering procedure. [German] Weil Wahlprogramme sich meist in Allgemeinplaetzen verlieren, baten wir Energie-Experten aus den fuenf Bundestagsfraktionen in einem Streitgespraech um Klartext: Wie sehen die Plaene zur Solarstromfoerderung aus? Bei der lebhaften Diskussion zwischen Rainer Brinkmann (SPD), Franz Obermeier (CSU), Hans-Josef Fell (Buendnis 90/Die Gruenen), Walter Hirche (FDP) und Eva Bulling-Schroeter (PDS) wurde deutlich: Nicht nur die FDP ist gegen das Erneuerbaree-Energien-Gesetz (EEG). Auch in der Union gibt es Ueberlegungen, die Einspeiseverguetung fuer Solarstrom durch einen Ausschreibungswettbewerb abzuloesen. (orig.)

Sådan får du frigjort energi til alt det sjove

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

von Bülow, Cecilie

2016-01-01

altid energi tilbage til at lave det, man synes er sjovt. Gå i teatret eller i biografen. At gå til foredrag eller måske bare gå på café med veninderne – eller ud og få en øl med gut- terne. Men meget kan ændres med planlæg- ning og ved at tænke anderledes om hvor- dan hverdagen med fibromyalgi......Du kender det fra din egen hverdag. Det kan være svært at finde energien til alle de praktiske gøremål. Vaske tøj, lave mad, gøre rent osv. Når du har fibromyalgi bliver tingene bare mere besværlige, giver smerter og gør dig træt. Og når man bruger alle kræfterne på pligterne, så er der ikke...

Public utilities with renewable energy sources. Proceedings; Stadtwerke mit Erneuerbaren Energien. Konferenzbeitraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-01

Within the Second EUROSOLAR Conference of EUROSOLAR, the European Association for Renewable Energy (Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany) between 15th and 16th May, 2008, at the Waterworks Braunschweig (Federal Republic of Germany), the following lectures were held: (1) The municipal public utility: The paradigm shift from power distribution companies to municipal infrastructure provider (C. Jaenig); (2) Public utilities and their concepts (Z. Meszaros); (3) The BS Energy Group (U.Lehmann-Grube); (4) New ways with energy (T. Westerheide); (5) Public utilities and their concepts (R. Edzards); (6) Public utilities with renewable energy (P. Asmuth); (7) Total concept of the public utility Wolfhagen (M. Ruehl); (8) Municipal energy concepts for the expansion of the combined heat and power generation and renewable energies (J. van Bergen); (9) Storage of renewable energy (T. Blank); (10) Public utility as a confident partner of a renewable regional economy (R. Hemmers); (11) The regenerative combined cycle power plant (M. Meyr); (12) The solar power system of systaic (O. Achilles); (13) The concession contract as an instrument for restructuring (J. Schwarz); (14) EEG 2009, GasNZV and EEWaermeG: The changed legal framework as a chance for a restructured power generation (M. Altrock).

Twenty years of renewable energy law; 20 Jahre Recht der Erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Thorsten (ed.)

2012-07-01

The present volume was compiled as part of a project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety, one event under which was the seventh Wuerzburg conference on environmental energy law with the title ''Twenty Years of Renewable Energy Law'' which took place on 13/14 October 2010. It comprises 36 contributions which, from different scientific perspectives, take stock of the significance of renewable energies for climate protection and the energy supply, examine the developments of the past 20 years and draw conclusions for the future use of renewable energy. The authors are scientists from the areas of climate research, economics, political science, engineering, environmental psychology and jurisprudence who have dedicated their work to issues that directly or indirectly relate to the expansion of renewable energies. Together they have created an overall picture of renewable energies with its many different aspects and related topics, a picture that necessarily cannot be complete but which nevertheless provides many rich insights. The great majority of articles were written around the turn of the year to 2011, just after the granting of lifetime extension for German nuclear power plants. They thus only take sparse account of the diverse and for some part far-reaching changes in German energy policy that came about after the reactor disaster in Fukushima.

Public utilities with renewable energy sources. Proceedings; Stadtwerke mit Erneuerbaren Energien. Konferenzband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-09-25

Within the 3rd EUROSOLAR Conference at 25th to 26th May, 2009, in Ludwigshafen (Federal Republic of Germany) the following lectures were held: (a) Municipal power supply - Renewable energies (Hermann Scheer); (b) The significance of municipal regulations for the development of renewable energies by the example of Rheinland-Pfalz (Gerhard Weissmueller); (c) The solar regulation of the city Marburg (Franz Kahle); (d) Large-area solar-potential register SUN-AREA, the example Osnabrueck (Martina Klaerle); (e) Energy autonomy by means of methods at municipal and state level (Stephan Grueger); (f) Concession process according to paragraph 46 EnWG as a start for a locally regenerative strategic reorientation (Christian Theobald); (g) Municipal utilities and regenerative power generation (Johannes van Bergen); (h) The hybrid power plant Enertrag (Michael Wenske); (i) Eco-power with ecological added value (Uwe Leprich); (j) Increase of added value at biogas by means of grid connection (Leonhard Thien); (k) Biogas products for private customers (Oliver Hummel); (l) Marketing of biogas as a fuel - WEGAS Wendlaender BioGas (Hans-Volker Marklewitz); (m) Geothermal heat in the Upper Rhine Graben by the example of the geothermal power plant Landau (Peter Hauffe); (n) The Act on Heating with Renewable Energy Sources - A chance for new fields of business for municipal utilities (Klara Siraki); (o) Direct marketing of electricity from renewable energies as a chance for municipal utilities (Martin Altrock, Matthias Stark); (p) The significance of EEG and EEWaermeG 2009 in the further enlargement of renewable energies (Fabio Longo); (q) Taking over of the gas grid by the municipal utility Waldkirch GmbH (Dieter Nagel); (r) Municipal added value - municipal economical effects of decentral power generation (Michael Wuebbels).

What contribution can the gas infrastructure make to the energy transition?; Welchen Beitrag kann die Gasinfrastruktur fuer die Energiewende leisten?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bothe, David; Janssen, Matthias; Poel, Sander van der [Frontier Economics, Koeln (Germany); and others

2017-11-15

In the long term, the sector coupling will convert other areas of consumption such as heat and transport to purely renewable energy sources. A model-based analysis of system costs across all stages of the value chain shows that the existing gas infrastructure in particular can make an important contribution to achieving a comprehensive energy turnaround at low cost. Preserving the gas networks in connection with the use of green gas as a further end energy carrier in addition to electricity leads to significantly lower overall costs than a comprehensive electrification of all end applications. This can also help overcome acceptance problems. [German] Mit der Sektorkopplung werden langfristig weitere Verbrauchsbereiche wie Waerme und Verkehr auf rein erneuerbare Energiequellen umgestellt. Eine modellgestuetzte Analyse der Systemkosten ueber alle Wertschoepfungsstufen hinweg zeigt, dass insbesondere die vorhandene Gasinfrastruktur einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann, eine umfassende Energiewende kostenguenstig zu erreichen. Ein Erhalt der Gasnetze in Verbindung mit der Nutzung von Gruenem Gas als weiterem Endenergietraeger neben Strom fuehrt zu deutlich niedrigeren Gesamtkosten als eine umfassende Elektrifizierung aller Endanwendungen. Zudem kann dies helfen, Akzeptanzprobleme zu ueberwinden.

Green gas as motor of the energy transition. Renaissance for feeding biomethane into the gas network?; Gruengas als Motor der Energiewende. Renaissance fuer die Einspeisung von Biomethan ins Gasnetz?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bahke, Ralph

2017-04-15

The energy transition is stagnating and needs urgently new impulses. This could be obtained by regenerative gases. Years of experience and studies have shown that biomethane and other regenerative gases, as well as the power-to-gas technology in cooperation with a sector coupling which is a connection of the infrastructures of natural gas, electric power, heat and mobility, could be the missing link, and therefore the new driver of the energy transition. As only 24/7 available renewable energy source with expandable capacities, green gas thereby plays a key role. [German] Die Energiewende ist ins Stocken geraten und braucht dringend neue Impulse. Diese koennte sie durch regenerative Gase bekommen. Jahrelange Erfahrungen und Studien belegen, dass Biomethan und andere Regenerativgase sowie die Power-to-Gas-Technologie im Zusammenwirken mit einer Sektorkopplung, in der die Infrastrukturen von Gas, Strom, Waerme und Mobilitaet verbunden werden, das fehlende Glied und damit der neue Treiber der Energiewende sein koennten. Als einzige 24/7 verfuegbare erneuerbare Energiequelle mit ausbaufaehigen Kapazitaeten kommt Gruengas dabei eine Schluesselrolle zu.

Hyperonenproduktion in C+C- und Si+Si-Kollisionen bei 158 GeV pro Nukleon

CERN Document Server

Kraus, Ingrid

2004-01-01

Ultrarelativistische Schwerionenstöße werden seit etwa 15 Jahren untersucht, um Kernmaterie unter extremen Bedingungen zu erforschen; in Kollisionen schwerer Atomkerne kann bei hohen Einschußenergien Kernmaterie stark komprimiert und aufgeheizt werden. Die Bedeutung dieser Experimente wird durch Berechnungen der Quanten-Chromo-Dynamik auf raumzeitlichen Gittern hervorgehoben, die bei ausreichend hoher Energiedichte eine Phase voraussagen, in der die Quarks nicht mehr in Hadronen gebunden sind, sondern zusammen mit den Gluonen ein partonisches System ausbilden. Ist das System hinreichend groß und equilibriert, wird es als Quark-Gluon-Plasma bezeichnet. Die als Signatur für das Überschreiten der Phasengrenze vorgeschlagene erhöhte Produktion Seltsamkeit tragender Teilchen wurde in der Gegenüberstellung von elementaren Proton+Proton-Interaktionen und Kern+Kern-Stößen experimentell über einen weiten Energiebereich bestätigt. Eine solche Überhöhung kann aber auch durch rein hadronische Phänomene her...

Lignite; Braunkohle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaltenbach, Erwin; Maassen, Uwe [Debriv e.V., Berlin und Koeln (Germany)

2015-07-01

The domestic lignite is the most important and in the foreseeable future, the only domestic energy resource that is available in large quantities and economically. It makes an essential contribution to secure and competitive energy supply and has a high regional as macroeconomic importance. The required guarantied capacity for the development of renewable energy, the lignite provides under competition conditions. The flexibility of the lignite power plants is in addition to security of supply and competitiveness, a strategic added value for a reliable power supply. [German] Die heimische Braunkohle ist die wichtigste und in ueberschaubarer Zukunft auch die einzige heimische Energieressource, die in grossen Mengen und wirtschaftlich zur Verfuegung steht. Sie leistet einen unverzichtbaren Beitrag zur sicheren und wettbewerbsfaehigen Energieversorgung und hat eine hohe regional- wie gesamtwirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Die fuer den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien notwendige gesicherte Leistung stellt die Braunkohle unter Wettbewerbsbedingungen zur Verfuegung. Die Flexibilitaet des Braunkohlenkraftwerksparks ist neben Versorgungssicherheit und Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit ein strategischer Zusatznutzen fuer eine sichere Stromversorgung.

Kosmische Myonen im L3-Detektor

CERN Document Server

Saidi, Rachid

2000-01-01

Durch die Untersuchung des Mondschattens in der primaren kosmischen Strahlung konnen Informationen uber die Winkelau osung des L3-Detektors gewonnen werden, sowie mit ausreichender Statistik das Verhaltnis von Antiprotonen zu Protonen fur Protonenergien um 1 TeV abgeschatzt werden. Die Bahn der Protonen vom Mond zur Erde wird durch folgende Eekte beein ut: Das Magnetfeld zwischen Mond und Erde lenkt die geladenen Teilchen ab. Fur 1 TeV Protonenenergie wurde ein Wert von 1:70 abgeschatzt. Die Mehrfachstreuung in der 30 m dicken Erdschicht uber L3 verursacht eine Winkelverschmierung von 3.5 mrad fur 100 GeV Myonen. Der Winkel zwischen Proton und den sekundaren Myonen, die durch Wechselwirkung von primaren Kernen mit den oberen Schichten der Atmosphare entstehen, betragt 3 mrad fur 100 GeV Myonen. Die berechnete Winkelau osung dieser Untersuchung fur den L3-Detektor mit verschiedenen Energien betragt einen Wert von 0:170 0:030 fur das starkste Myonschattensignal bei 150 GeV Myonenenergie. Dabei wurde fur den Mon...

Study on flexibility in the Dutch and NW European power market in 2020

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-04-01

There has been a debate in the Netherlands about the compatibility of new investment by individual utilities in the thermal plant park with Government policy to have 12 GW of onshore and offshore wind generation capacity installed by the year 2020. The key areas of concern are: (a) whether sufficient flexibility will exist in the power system to permit uncertain, intermittent wind generation output to be accommodated; and (b) whether the available sources of flexibility will be accessible by relevant market participants. In this context, EnergieNed asked Frontier Economics to carry out a study of the year 2020 for the Dutch and North West European power system. The requirement was to undertake quantitative modelling and qualitative analysis of the system in the year 2020 under a small number of scenarios in order to answer a series of specific questions. Frontier Economics was also asked to look at experience in Denmark and other countries with high wind and combined heat and power plant (CHP) penetration.

Environmental task for energy utilities. Reporting and supervision

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

According to the Dutch Energy Distribution Law one of the tasks of energy distribution companies is to stimulate the efficient and environment-friendly use of energy. In order to be able to carry out this legal environmental task energy distribution companies can make use of a specific percentage of the energy tariff. The conditions are formulated in the so-called Environmental Action Plan (MAP, abbreviated in Dutch). The General Auditor in the Netherlands carried out an investigation into the public reporting activities of energy distribution companies with respect to the fore-mentioned legal task and supervision of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs in 1997. It is concluded that the supervision of the Ministry shows several inadequacies and that other interested parties would benefit from an improved reporting by the energy distribution companies. The first recommendation (to improve the supervision) is adopted by the Ministry. There is disagreement between the General Auditor and the Association of Energy Distribution Companies (EnergieNed) on the second recommendation. 9 refs

Wie man Elementarteilchen entdeckt vom Zyklotron zum LHC : ein Streifzug durch die Welt der Teilchenbeschleuniger

CERN Document Server

Freytag, Carl

2016-01-01

Dieses Buch erklärt die physikalischen Grundlagen und die Technologien der Elementarteilchenforschung und beschreibt allgemeinverständlich Teilchenbeschleuniger und -detektoren sowie ihr Zusammenspiel. An einigen Meilensteinen der Forschung – von der Erzeugung von Transuranen über die Entdeckung exotischer Mesonen bis zum Higgs-Boson – zeigen die Autoren den Weg von der Theorie über das Experiment zum Forschungsergebnis auf. Gravitonen, Higgs-Teilchen, Neutrinos und Quarks – das Interesse an den kleinsten uns bekannten Teilchen ist seit Jahrzehnten ungebrochen und rückt damit auch die Laboratorien in den Blick, die an die Grenzen der Physik vorstoßen: Neben dem größten Experimentierfeld, das wir haben – dem Universum selbst - sind es die gigantischen Maschinen der Elementarteilchenphysik in Großforschungseinrichtungen wie dem CERN und dem DESY. Mit ihnen versuchen Forscher weltweit unter Einsatz extrem hoher Energien Zustände zu simulieren, wie sie zum Beginn unseres Universums kurz nach d...

Energy and commodities market; Energie- und Rohstoffmaerkte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bokermann, Marcus; Prass, Markus [Vattenfall Markets, Berlin (Germany)

2015-07-01

The electricity markets in Central and Western Europe and in the nordic countries have further shown weak in 2014 with falling prices. The key factors were the declining quotations for coal and natural gas and the warm weather. Another driver was the growth of renewable energy. In the power markets conditions remained mostly an oversupply. The upward trending prices on the CO{sub 2} emissions market were not formative enough to turn the market sentiment. They only caused for volatility during the year. [German] Die Strommaerkte in Mittel- und Westeuropa sowie in den nordischen Laendern haben sich auch im Jahr 2014 weiterhin schwach bei fallenden Preisen gezeigt. Die wesentlichen Einflussfaktoren waren die sinkenden Notierungen fuer Steinkohle und Erdgas sowie das warme Wetter. Ein weiterer Treiber war das Wachstum der erneuerbaren Energien. Auf den Strommaerkten herrschte weiterhin ueberwiegend ein Ueberangebot. Die aufwaerts tendierenden Preise auf dem CO{sub 2}-Emissionsmarkt waren nicht praegend genug, um die Marktstimmung zu drehen. Sie sorgten lediglich fuer Volatilitaet im Jahresverlauf.

Underground storage with floating cover. An overview; Erdbeckenspeicher mit schwimmender Abdeckung. Eine Uebersicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heller, A.; Maureschat, G.; Duer, K. [Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark). Dept. of Buildings and Energy

1998-12-31

A number of underground stores have been developed in recent years in Denmark. The development has been subsidised with funds of `Development program renewable energy` launched by the Danish Ministry for Environment and Energy. First experience reports on underground storage show that more emphasis must be put on the development of storage sealing and cover construction. Hence research works currently focuses on the investigation of liner material and further development of floating cover constructions. The target is the development of underground storage using solar energy for heating that can compete with conventional heating systems technically and economically. (orig.) [Deutsch] In Daenemark hat man in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe von Erdbeckenspeichern entwickelt. Die Entwicklung wird mit Mitteln aus dem `Entwicklungsprogramm Erneuerbare Energie` vom daenischen Umwelt- und Energieministerium finanziell gefoerdert. Die ersten Erfahrungen mit Erdbeckenspeichern haben gezeigt, dass ein verstaerkter Einsatz bei der Entwicklung von Abdichtungen des Speichers und von Deckelkonstruktionen gefordert ist. Deshalb wird in Daenemark aktuell mit der Untersuchung von Linermaterialien und der Weiterentwicklung von schwimmenden Deckelkonstruktionen gearbeitet. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Erdbeckenspeicher zu entwickeln, die die Ausnutzung von Sonnenenergie zur Waermeversorgung im Vergleich mit herkoemmlicher Waermeversorgung sowohl technisch als auch oekonomisch konkurrenzfaehig macht. (orig.)

Strategy for the expansion of renewable energies. An investigation of the pricing strategy of the Renewable Energy Law from the viewpoint of an evolutionary cybernetic theory of economic policy; Die Strategie des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien. Eine Untersuchung der Preissetzungsstrategie des EEGs aus Sicht einer evolutorisch-kybernetischen Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schlueter, Fabian

2015-11-01

This publication reports on how the steadily increasing costs caused by the Renewable Energy Law (EEG) have brought the German strategy for the expansion of renewable energies under criticism. According to theories of regulatory economic policy, which state that politico-economic incentives of this kind must necessarily result in an inefficient allocation of scarce resources, this cost increase can be interpreted as a direct consequence of the price intervention. The present publication takes a critical stance on this viewpoint, developing for its purpose a new position on regulatory policy referred to as the evolutionary cybernetic theory of economic policy. It starts out from the works of F.A. von Hayek, which it then takes a significant step further however. The author argues that price interventions can be meaningful strategies of economic policy as long as they are aimed at a temporary initiation of market development towards sustainability and efficiency. Based on this model conception of a shrewd pricing strategy the publication undertakes an analysis from the perspective of regulatory policy of the German subsidisation of renewable energies. In the process it not only reveals errors in design of the EEG but also makes a proposal for an amendment that could be effective in cutting through the present price dynamics. In presenting its recommendation of a self-steering expansion policy the publication not only contributes to the further development of an evolutionary cybernetic theory of economic policy but addresses the urgent problem of how to wisely use regulatory policy to create pricing strategies which serve the expansion of renewable energies.

Swiss statistics on renewable energy - Biogas - Partial statistics for 2001; Schweizerische Statistik erneuerbarer Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Engeli, H.

2000-07-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy presents comprehensive statistics on biogas installations for the year 2001. Data is presented on biogas installations on farms and in industry, in wastewater treatment facilities. Also, data is given on biogenic wastes and co-fermentation. Summaries are presented in table form of biogas production per installation category and the use of the biogas for the production of heat and electrical power. Also, figures are given on the production of biofuels. Development trends in the various areas of biogas production are reviewed and an example of a fermentation installation is briefly described.

Bioenergy. The manifold renewable energy. 4. compl. rev. ed.; Bioenergie. Die vielfaeltige erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-06-15

Bioenergy is the most important renewable energy source in Germany. With about 70 percent bioenergy contributes to the largest share of energy supply from renewable energy sources. This brochure provides an overview of the various possibilities, advantages and opportunities in the use of biomass and bioenergy.

Hydroelectric power - energy at no cost at all; Wasserkraft - Strom, der vom Himmel faellt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goede, E. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Stroemungsmechanik und Hydraulische Stroemungsmaschinen

1997-12-31

The harnessing and enhanced use of renewable energy today is a matter of lively debate and much concern. Amazingly, hydro power is either rarely considered in these discussions or viewed in a negative light. But hydro power continues to be the most important source of renewable energy, and its use potential is considerable and should be taken into account when, for instance, agreeing on or implementing carbon dioxide reduction targets. Small hydro power stations are an effective means of harnessing existing energy potentials. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ueber die Nutzung und den Ausbau regenerativer Energien wird heutzutage lebhaft diskutiert und gerungen. Es mag erstaunen, dass in diesen Diskussionen die Wasserkraft kaum Beachtung findet oder in einem schlechten Licht gesehen wird. Dabei ist die Wasserkraft nach wie vor bei weitem die wichtigsten Quelle regenerativer Energie, und sie besitzt ein beachtliches Ausbaupotential, das man wenigstens ins Kalkuel ziehen sollte, wenn es etwa darum geht, CO{sub 2}-Minderungsziele zu vereinbaren bzw. anzustreben. Die Kleinwasserkraft kann hier als Chance gesehen werden, noch vorhandene Energiepotentiale sinnvoll zu nutzen. (orig.)

Criteria for assembly of in vivo measuring systems using high-resolution {gamma}-spectroscopy for evaluation of incorporated radionuclides; Kriterien zum Aufbau von In Vivo Messsystemen zur hochaufloesenden {gamma}-Spektrometrie inkorporierter Radionuklide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wahl, W. [GSF Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Strahlenschutz

1997-12-01

The paper reviews the available, fundamental measuring methods relying on {gamma}-spectroscopy for their possible application in whole-body and partial-body counters for detection of manifold incorporation of radionuclides. Particular emphasis is placed on the response functions of various detectors, the assembly, the differentiated radioactivity distribution in the body, the various components of background activity and the corresponding suppression mechanisms, and possible ways of using the energy dependence for optimised detection of specific {gamma} energies in a given body region. Criteria and relations as well as their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Diese Arbeit prueft die zur Verfuegung stehenden grundlegenden, {gamma}-spektroskopischen Messmethoden auf deren moegliche Anwendung im Spektrum der Ganz- und Teilkoerperzaehler zum Nachweis der mannigfach inkorporierten Radionuklide. Insbesondere wird eingegangen auf die Response Funktionen verschiedener Detektoren, die Anordnung, die differenzierte Aktivitaetsverteilung im Koerper, die verschiedenen Untergrundkomponenten und deren Unterdrueckungsmechanismen sowie die Beeinflussung durch die Energieabhaengigkeit zum optimalen Nachweis spezifischer {gamma}-Energien an einem bestimmten Ort am Koerper. Kriterien und Relationen sowie deren Vor- und Nachteile werden diskutiert. (orig.)

Weber's dictionary. Pocket edition. Vol. 2. Renewable energy sources. Webers Taschenlexikon. Bd. 2. Erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weber, R

1986-01-01

Reserves of our major energy sources natural gas, petroleum and coal are limited. Their combustion essentially contributes to air pollution widh all its health hazards and environmental impacts. Apart from the fact that power plants supplying energy with the help of nuclear fission are disputed, uranium reserves are limited, too. The developmental state of nuclear fusion, an the other hand, still defies concrete statements as the future availability of fusion-based energy. Considering above facts it is evident that renewable energy sources will be gaining in importance. The book above all intends to give a consistent survey on the forms and capacities of renewable energy sources, existing technologies and technologies currently being developed, historical aspects, the social and environmental compatibility of renewable energy sources, economic aspects, and future prospects. The dictionary contains 197 independent alphabetically arranged and basically coherent chapters which are to provide the basis for profound reflections on the subject.

Yearbook facility engineering 2009. Facility engineering for electric power grids; Jahrbuch Anlagentechnik 2009. Anlagentechnik fuer elektrische Verteilungsnetze

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cichowski, Rolf Ruediger (ed.)

2009-07-01

The strong changes in the energy market - e.g. deregulation, the influence of the Bundesnetzagentur, globalisation of new technologies, constant issueing and adaptation of standards, require more and deeper knowledge than ever before. Issues like energy efficiency and utilisation of renewable energy sources not only govern public discussions but have also created new, variable professions which challenge experts of energy engineering. The yearbook provides an insight into specific issues, e.g. a calendar of events, trade fairs, product recommendations, services, and further hints for practicians. (orig.) [German] Durch die starken Veraenderungen im Energiemarkt, wie die Liberalisierung, die Einflussnahme auf die Gestaltung der Energieversorgung durch die Bundesnetzagentur, die Globalisierung, die neuen Techniken und damit staendige Anpassungen der Normen bzw. Bewaeltigung neuer Normen durch die Fachleute, nimmt die Vielfalt und der Umfang an notwendigen Kenntnissen staendig zu. Themen wie Energieeffizienz und Nutzung regenerativer Energien bestimmen nicht nur die oeffentliche Diskussion, sondern schlagen sich auch in neuen und sich aendernden beruflichen Taetigkeiten nieder. Dadurch sind die Fachleute der Energietechnik ausserordentlich herausgefordert. Zusaetzlich bietet das Jahrbuch spezifische Themen zu den jeweiligen Jahren, wie Kalendarium, Veranstaltungshinweise, Messen, Produktempfehlungen, Dienstleistungen und weitere Tipps fuer Praktiker. (orig.)

Power to gas to relieve the electricity distribution networks. Continuation of the study ''Benefit of smart grid concepts taking into account the PtG technology''; Power-to-Gas zur Entlastung der Stromverteilungsnetze. Fortsetzung der Studie ''Nutzen von Smart-Grid-Konzepten unter Beruecksichtigung der PtG-Technologie''

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huettenrauch, Jens; Zoellner, Sylvana; Mueller-Syring, Gert [DBI Gastechnologisches Institut gGmbH, Freiberg (Germany); and others

2015-07-01

One of the main challenges in the energy transition is to integrate the increasing based on volatile renewable energy generated power in market and network. Based on actual distribution networks in Emsland in the study presented below was investigated, what contribution an intelligent coupling of electricity and gas distribution networks by means of power to gas (PtG) systems can do to solve this challenge. The investigations have shown, among other things, that the network expansion costs in particular can be significantly reduced by the coupling when otherwise an oversizing would be done by discrete power grid expansion measures. [German] Eine der wesentlichen Herausforderung bei der Energiewende besteht darin, die zunehmend auf volatilen erneuerbaren Energien basierende Stromerzeugung in Markt und Netz zu integrieren. Anhand realer Verteilungsnetze im Emsland wurde in der im Folgenden vorgestellten Studie untersucht, welchen Beitrag eine intelligente Kopplung von Strom- und Gasverteilungsnetzen mittels Power-to-Gas (PtG)-Anlagen zur Loesung dieser Herausforderung leisten kann. Die Untersuchungen haben unter anderem gezeigt, dass durch die Kopplung die Netzausbaukosten insbesondere dann signifikant reduziert werden koennen, wenn andernfalls eine Ueberdimensionierung durch diskrete Stromnetzausbaumassnahmen erfolgen wuerde.

Definition of a remuneration system for heat from renewable resources; Ausgestaltung einer Einspeiseverguetung fuer erneuerbare Waerme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dettli, R.; Ott, W.; Philippen, D.; Umbricht, A.

2009-06-15

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) deals with proposals for a remuneration system for heat obtained from renewable resources. Local and regional district heating systems cover around three percent of Swiss heating needs. The authors estimate that, if these systems were to be operated completely using renewable resources such as biomass, ambient heat and the renewable portion of heat from waste incineration, around seven per cent of needs could be met. Further, around 10,000 heating systems with a power of more than 350 kW could be operated with renewables. A further potential for the use of renewable heating resources can be found in wastewater treatment plants and industrial waste heat. Various obstacles and restraints on the use of renewable resources in the heating area are discussed. The idea of providing a cost-covering remuneration system for heat is discussed and compared with that for renewable electricity. The proposed system is discussed, which would provide investment subsidies, risk-coverage and project development subsidies. The report discusses the results of a market analysis and the differences to be found between the markets for electricity and heat. Existing promotional programs are noted and the aims of a possible remuneration system are discussed. A concept for a promotion program for renewable heat generation and the use of waste heat is introduced. The installations to be promoted and the amount of remuneration to be paid out are discussed. Finally, the costs and the effects of the proposed promotion scheme are discussed. A comprehensive appendix provides details on the proposed system and provides information on market volume, energy resources, networks and infrastructure, providers of heat energy, heat consumers and general conditions as far as factors such as pricing and legislation are concerned. Finally, the 'Climate Cent' foundation is commented on.

Potential applications for energy from renewable sources in the railway sector; Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten erneuerbarer Energiequellen im Bahnsektor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goldenberg, Philipp; Goldenberg, Vladimir; Reppich, Marcus [Hochschule Augsburg (Germany)

2012-07-01

Making use of energy from renewable sources has strategic and security-policy relevance. Since DB AG is a major energy consumer, the use of energy from renewable sources in railway operations will make economic sense in the long run. The railways depend on a very high security of energy supply nationwide. Efficient energy management can help enhance the security of supply to the railways. In addition, there are large potential energy savings to be made in railway operations. Major efforts are required to reach this objective. Using energy from renewable sources and increasing energy efficiency are two indispensable prerequisites for a sustainable energy supply to the railways as well as for increasing their attractiveness. (orig.)

Regional power supply with decentral and renewable energy sources; Regionale Energieversorgung mit dezentralen und erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonow, Martin [Genossenschaftsverband, Neu-Isenburg/Zeppelinheim-Ost (Germany); George, Wolfgang [GenoPortal, Neu-Isenburg (Germany); Klement, Martin [Kassel Univ. (Germany). Fachbereich 6 - Architektur, Stadtplanung, Landschaftsplanung

2009-04-15

The contribution starts by assuming a region as a business organisation; on this basis, the authors develop the idea of a regional value-adding chain with regard to regional power supply. After presenting the central actors and their manner of integration, the contribution discusses concepts for sustainable power supply as well as the central parameters of such a development in terms of quality of life, attractivity of the region, future success of technologies, and criteria of value-adding. Finally, the implementation of regional power supply with the aid of a so-called 'balanced scorecard' is explained, which involves balancing of the various perspectives of the process up to the establishment of the final regional power supply concept. Finally, the contribution briefly discusses co-operative models for the establishment of a regional power supply concept. (orig.)

Problems and perspectives of renewable energy in Italy; Probleme und Perspektiven der erneuerbaren Energien in Italien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nucci, M.R. di [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Forschungsstelle fuer Umweltpolitik, EU-Projekt REALISE-Forum

2005-11-15

Deregulation of the Italian power market and structural adaptations of the energy sector had their effects on renewable energy sources. In accordance with the so-called 'Bersani Decree', the existing fixed rates for renewable energy sources was changed into a volume-controlled system, with the intention of combining reliability of supply with environmental protection and implementing both of these goals in a market-oriented funding model. In spite of this, the situation of renewable energy sources in Italy is difficult. Although market prospects are good and many preconditions are met, Italian providers in this field are faced with a situation of uncertainty in which measures are announced but never carried out. (orig.)

Natural gas; Erdgas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graf, Frank [DVGW-Forschungsstelle am KIT, Karlsruhe (Germany); Groeschl, Frank; Wetzel, Uwe [DVGW, Bonn (Germany); Heikrodt, Klaus [Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Lemgo (Germany); Krause, Hartmut [DBI Gastechnologisches Institut, An-Institut der TU Bergakademie, Freiberg (Germany); Beestermoeller, Christina; Witschen, Bernhard [Team Consult G.P.E. GmbH, Berlin (Germany); Albus, Rolf; Burmeister, Frank [Gas- und Waerme-Institut Essen e.V., Essen (Germany)

2015-07-01

The reform of the EEG in Germany, a positive global development in natural gas, the decline in oil prices, questions about the security of supply in Europe, and not least the effect of the decision by E.on at the end of 2014 have moved the gas industry. Gas has the lowest CO{sub 2} emissions of fossil fuels. Flexibility, storability, useful for networks and the diversity in the application make it an ideal partner for renewable energy. However, these complementary properties are valued at wind and photovoltaics internationally and nationally different. The situation in the gas power plants remains tense. LNG - liquefied natural gas - is on the rise. [German] Die Reform des EEG in Deutschland, eine positive Entwicklung beim Gas weltweit, der Verfall der Oelpreises, Fragen zur Versorgungssicherheit in Europa und nicht zuletzt die Auswirkung der Entscheidung von E.on Ende 2014 haben die Gaswirtschaft bewegt. Gas weist die geringsten CO{sub 2}-Emissioen der fossilen Energietraeger auf. Flexibilitaet, Speicherbarkeit, Netzdienlichkeit sowie die Vielfalt in der Anwendung machen es zum idealen Partner der erneuerbaren Energien. Allerdings werden diese komplementaeren Eigenschaften zu Wind und Photovoltaik international und national unterschiedlich bewertet. Die Lage bei den Gaskraftwerken bleibt weiter angespannt. LNG - verfluessigtes Erdgas - ist auf dem Vormarsch.

Investigations on pretreatment of waste prior to fermentation by percolation using the ISKA {sup registered} process; Untersuchungen zur Vorbehandlung von Abfaellen vor der Vergaerung mittels Perkolation nach dem ISKA {sup registered} -Verfahren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santen, H. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). FG Abfallwirtschaft; Fricke, K. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Lehrstuhl Abfallwirtschaft; Engelhard, T.; Widmer, C. [ISKA GmbH, Ettlingen (Germany)

2004-07-01

Waste treatment prior to fermentation is a key aspect in achieving economic efficiency. One process is presented here in particular: percolation, in which waste is hydrolyzed aerobically, treated mechanically, and washed out with the aid of process water. The process involves a percolation stage followed by a fermentation stage. The process water burdened with organic matter is passed into a fermentation reactor in which the organic components are reacted anaerobically into biogas and bacterial mass, and the process water is recirculated into the percolation reactor. (orig.) [German] Vergaerungstechnologien zaehlen zu den etablierten Verfahren zur Gewinnung regenerativer Energien aus Biomasse. Fuer die Energieeffizienz dieser Verfahren sind die Leistung der Vergaerungsstufe, die Hoehe der Verfuegbarkeit der anaerob abzubauenden organischen Substanzen und der spezifische Energiebedarf des Behandlungsverfahrens massgeblich. Eine Schluesselstellung fuer die Optimierung beider Faktoren nimmt die Abfallaufbereitung vor der Vergaerung ein. Eine Technoloie zur Aufbereitung vor der Vergaerung basiert auf dem Verfahren der Perkolation, in der der Abfall aerob hydrolysiert,mechanisch aufgeschlossen und durch Zugabe von Prozesswasser ausgewaschen wird. Das Verfahren besteht aus einer Aufbereitung - der Perkolation - sowie einer nachgeschalteten Vergaerung. Das mit vergaerbarer Organik beladene Prozesswasser wird einem Vergaerungsreaktor zugefuehrt, in dem die organischen Komponenten anaerob zu Biogas und Bakterienmasse umgesetzt werden. Das aufbereitete Prozesswasser wird anschliessend wieder dem Perkolationsreaktor zugefuehrt. (orig.)

Advanced energy conversion and application - Decentralized energy systems. Papers; Fortschrittliche Energiewandlung und -anwendung - Schwerpunkt: Dezentrale Energiesysteme. Vortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Decentralized energy systems is the major topic of this VDI report which contains the proceedings of the VDI conference on advanced energy conversion and application. The decentralized energy systems are in the focus because it is expected that they will gain in significance in the course of restructuring and liberalisation of the energy markets and growing commitment to greenhouse gas mitigation. The subjects of the papers are the cogeneration technology in general, and specific systems for combined generation of heat, power and cold,(CHPC systems), systems for renewable energy generation, industrial energy technology, and analysis and optimization of energy systems. The report is intended to serve as a source of guidance and reference for manufacturers and operators of decentralized energy systems, for decision-making on energy policy, and for the energy industry, counselling firms and regulatory/surveillance bodies, and members of universities involved in relevant research and development work. (orig./CB) [German] Themenschwerpunkt des VDI-Berichts sind die dezentralen Energiesysteme, die im Spannungsfeld von fortschreitender Liberalisierung der Energiemaerkte und der Bemuehungen um die Reduzierung von Emissionen an Bedeutung gewinnen. Dabei widmen sich die Beitraege den Systemen zur Kraft-Waerme-Kaelte-Kopplung und zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energie sowie der industriellen Energietechnik und der Analyse und Optimierung von Energiesystemen. Der Bericht wendet sich an Hersteller und Betreiber dezentraler Energieanlagen, an Entscheidungstraeger aus Politik und Wirtschaft, an Berater und Ueberwachungsinstitutionen sowie an auf diesem Gebiet taetige Hochschullehrer und -mitarbeiter. (orig.)

Hydrogen as a clean energy option; Option Wasserstoff als sauberer Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Newi, G. [Consulectra Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

1998-06-01

Many visionary action programmes are based on the conviction that hydrogen produced from renewable, environmentally sustainable resources is the chemical energy carrier of the future. In Hamburg there have been various pilot projects over the past ten years which deal explicitly with problems of infrastructure relating to the integration of renewable energy sources in the existing energy supply. One such example is the fuel cell block heating station in Hamburg Behrenfeld which has been supplying residential buildings for some time now. Another is a practice-oriented pilot project involving a hydrogen-fuelled PAFC with 220 kW thermal and 200 kW electrical power output. The hydrogen is supplied by a 60 m-3 LH{sub 2} tank, the first of its kind to be approved by the authorities and accepted by the public. [Deutsch] Viele visionaere Aktionsprogramme sehen aus dauerhaft umweltvertraeglichen Quellen erzeugten Wasserstoff als chemischen Energietraeger der Zukunft. In Hamburg gibt es seit rd. 10 Jahren verschiedene Pilotprojekte, die sich insbesondere mit Fragen der Infrastruktur zur Integration erneuerbarer Energiequellen in die bestehende Energieversorgung befassen. Ein Beispiel ist das in Hamburg-Behrenfeld seit einiger Zeit betriebene Brennstoffzellen-Blockheizkraftwerk zur Versorgung von Wohngebaeuden. Als praxisbezogenes Pilotprojekt wird u.a. eine H{sub 2}-versorgte PAFC mit 220 kW thermischer und 200 kW elektrischer Leistung betrieben. Die Wasserstoffversorgung aus einem oberirdischen 60 m{sup 3} LH{sub 2}-Tank wurde erstmals in dieser Anwendungsform behoerdlich genehmigt und von der Oeffentlichkeit akzeptiert. (orig./MSK)

Energy saving retrofitting of a prefabricated panel construction kinder-garden - demonstration project ''Plappersnut'' in Wismar.; Energetische Sanierung einer Kindertagesstaette in Plattenbauweise - Demonstrationsbauvorhaben ''Plappersnut'' in Wismar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wollensak, Heidi [Institut fuer Gebaeude + Energie + Licht Planung, Alter Holzhafen 19, 23966 Wismar (Germany); Wollensak, Martin [Hochschule Wismar, FG Baukonstruktion und Baustofftechnik (Germany); Roemhild, Thomas [Hochschule Wismar, FG Entwerfen, Gebaeude- Klima- und Lichtplanung (Germany); Mainka, Georg-Wilhelm; Winkler, Heiko [Lehrstuhl fuer Baukonstruktionen und Bauphysik, Institut fuer Bauingenieurwesen, Universitaet Rostock (Germany)

2005-12-01

The project ''kindergarten Plappersnut'' in Wismar focuses on cutting the energy consumption of the in 1972 build prefabricated plate construction down to one third by mainly 3 means: - improving the relation between building volume and outside surface by replacing the corridor building between the two main wings with a light membrane roof, covering the whole space, - eliminating energy loss through the building structure by coating the whole building with different isolation systems, - replacing all of the technical installation under the aspects of ecological energy supply and energy retrieving systems. The project was classed as a demonstration project of the EnSan-Program, supported by the German Ministry for Economy and Technology. (Abstract Copyright [2005], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Das Sanierungsprojekt der 1972 in Plattenbauweise errichteten Kita ''Plappersnut'' stand im Zeichen der Reduzierung des Energiebedarfs auf ein Drittel durch drei wesentliche Massnahmen: - Verbesserung des Verhaeltnisses Gebaeudevolumen zu Aussenwandflaeche durch Entfernung der Verbindungsgaenge zwischen beiden Gebaeudeteilen und Ueberdachung des entstehenden Hofes mit einem Membrandach, - Verminderung der Energieverluste durch die Gebaeudehuelle mit Hilfe verschiedener Waermedaemm-Massnahmen, - Ersatz der gesamten Gebaeudetechnik durch energiesparende Systeme und unter Einsatz von erneuerbaren Energien. Das Projekt wurde im Rahmen des EnSan-Programms vom Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie gefoerdert. (Abstract Copyright [2005], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Mobile with renewable energy. Marketable solutions for climate-friendly electromobility; Erneuerbar mobil. Marktfaehige Loesungen fuer eine klimafreundliche Elektromobilitaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-03-15

This publication presents the goals envisioned by the German Federal Environmental Ministry for electromobility, which are outlined by the four keywords clean, gentle, economic, and practical. It then reports on focal areas of state funding and on projects: field trials on electromobility in private automotive traffic; field trials on electromobility in commercial automotive traffic; hybrid busses for environmentally friendly public transport; accompanying scientific research; and battery recycling.

Success factors for the acceptance of renewable energy production plants; Erfolgsfaktoren fuer die Akzeptanz von Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlagen

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Walter, Goetz [Zuerich Univ. (Switzerland). Lehrstuhl Sozialpsychologie; Krauter, Sven; Schwenzer, Andreas [The Advisory House GmbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2011-03-15

The majority of the German population is in support of the expansion of renewable energies. However, when it comes to construction work, project developers often meet with fierce opposition from the local population. One success factor in raising local acceptance of renewable energy production plants lies in planning projects such that citizens' interests and concerns are taken into account and well-conceived means of public participation are provided. Moreover, municipalities themselves can take on a pivotal role by becoming actively involved in the planning and development process and advertising renewable energy as a way towards municipal emancipation. This gives citizens less reasons to make a stand against such projects.

Research for the era of renewable energies: Themes 2010; Forschen fuer das Zeitalter der erneuerbaren Energien. Themen 2010

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stadermann, Gerd; Szczepanski, Petra [comps.

2010-12-15

Within the jubilee meeting of the Renewable Energy Research association (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) from 11th to 12th October, 2010, in Berlin (Federal Republic of Germany) the following lectures were held: (1) From the foundation idea to the research association solar power (Gerd Eisenbeiss); (2) Successes affiliated - Joint research and work on the energy supply of the future (Joachim Luther); (3) Research for the era of renewable energies (Wolfgang Eberhardt); (4) Energy research package of the Federal Government: Benchmarks for the 6th Energy Research Program (Knut Kuebler); (5) Research promotion of the Federal Environment Ministry for renewable energies (Kerstin Deller); (6) Vision of a sustainable energy system 2050 (Juergen Schmid); (7) Open Invention for the demands of a new electricity age (Michael Weinhold); (8) Safeguarding the future by means of innovations in the photovoltaic industry (Ralf Luedemann); (9) Silicon wafer solar cells - New horizons (Rolf Brendel); (10) Thin film solar cells - Technology of the future? (Michael Powalla); (11) Photovoltaics - New concepts (Vladimir Dyakonov); (12) Geothermal power generation - base load electricity for the renewable energy mix 2050 (Ernst Huenges); (13) Wind energy - Challenges for the development of technology (Andreas Reuter); (14) Solar thermal power plants - Integration of electricity and fuels in a European integrated grid (Robert Pitz-Paal); (15) Efficient utilization of biomass - Residual substances, competitive uses and cascade utilization (Frank Baur); (16) Sustainable energy supply of buildings for solar and energy efficient construction (Gerd Hauser); (17) The potential of technology development for the utilization of solar power (Gerhard Stryi-Hipp); (18) Energy storage and grid management (Adreas Hauer); (19) Systems and technologies for the transition to an energy efficient town (Christina Sager); (19) Economic consequences of a 100 % supply with renewable energy as a technology driver (Uwe Leprich); (20) Discussion: The research-political implementation of the energy concept of the Federal Government: How can the priority for the research promotion of renewable energy be attained? (Sylvia Kotting-Uhl).

Hauts-de-France. A pioneer in the French energy transition; Hauts-de-France. Vorreiter in der franzoesischen Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Falk, Thomas

2016-08-15

France had established in advance of last year's climate summit in Paris on ambitious energy policy goals. Especially the 2016 newly formed Region Hauts-de-France stands out as a pioneer here. There one drives innovation and investments with the objective of fulfilling by 2050 their own needs completely by renewable sources. The orientation to supplies Jeremy Rifkin idea of the third industrial revolution. If successful, the region would be on climate protection well ahead of the national targets, the 2050 ''only'' provide a CO{sub 2} emission reduction of 75%. In addition to the Research and development (R and D) to many future ideas in Hauts-de-France but also some major projects for Security of European energy supplies are realized that show the local agility. [German] Frankreich hatte sich im Vorfeld des letztjaehrigen Pariser-Klimagipfels auf ambitionierte Energiewendeziele festgelegt. Insbesondere die 2016 neu gebildete Region Hauts-de-France sticht dabei als Vorreiter heraus. Dort treibt man Innovationen und Investitionen mit dem Ziel an, bis 2050 den Eigenbedarf vollstaendig mittels erneuerbarer Quellen zu decken. Die Orientierung dazu liefert Jeremy Rifkins Idee der dritten industriellen Revolution. Im Erfolgsfall laege die Region beim Klimaschutz deutlich vor den nationalen Zielen, die bis 2050 ''nur'' eine CO{sub 2}-Emissionsreduktion von 75 % vorsehen. Neben der Forschung und Entwicklung (F and E) zu vielen Zukunftsideen werden in Hauts-de-France aber auch einige Grossprojekte zur Absicherung der europaeischen Energieversorgung realisiert, die Ausweis der dortigen Agilitaet sind.

Monopolies, liberalization, energy transition. Electricity market design between change and constancy; Monopole, Liberalisierung, Energiewende. Strommarktdesign zwischen Wandel und Konstanz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grashof, Katherina; Zipp, Alexander [Hochschule fuer Technik und Wirtschaft (HTW), Saarbruecken (Germany). Abt. Energiemaerkte; Lechtenboehmer, Stefan [Wuppertal Institut fuer Klima Umwelt Energie (Germany). Forschungsgruppe 1: Zukuenftige Energie- und Mobilitaetsstrukturen; Jachmann, Henning [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany); Wille-Haussmann, Bernhard [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg (Germany). Elektrische Verteilnetze und Betriebsmittel; Reeg, Matthias [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany). Fachbereich Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung

2015-09-15

After a long period of stability, the electricity industry is in the past 15 years in a major state of flux. With the liberalization the change of area monopolies to competitively organized producer and consumer markets was pending. At present a very similar upheaval takes place, which is characterized by the transition from conventional to renewable power generation. But are the paradigms of each phase compatible and has plenty of still their right to exist, or is a modification necessary? The electricity market design of the future cannot designed on a blank sheet, but it must be taken into account existing structures. At the same time, the question must be answered whether the choice between regulatory or market-based approaches also differs with the possibility of precision of control. [German] Nach einer langen Phase der Stabilitaet ist die Stromwirtschaft in den vergangenen 15 Jahren stark in Bewegung geraten. Mit der Liberalisierung stand zunaechst der Wechsel von Gebietsmonopolen hin zu wettbewerblich organisierten Erzeuger- und Verbrauchermaerkten an. Derzeit findet ein ganz aehnlicher Umbruch statt, der vom Uebergang von konventioneller hin zu erneuerbarer Stromerzeugung gekennzeichnet ist. Aber sind die Paradigmen der einzelnen Phasen miteinander vereinbar und hat jede fuer sich noch immer ihre Daseinsberechtigung, oder ist hier eine Modifizierung notwendig? Das Strommarktdesign der Zukunft kann nicht auf einem leeren Blatt entworfen, sondern es muessen bestehende Strukturen beruecksichtigt werden. Gleichzeitig ist die Frage zu beantworten, ob die Wahl zwischen regulatorischen oder marktbasierten Ansaetzen sich auch anhand der mit ihnen moeglichen Praezision der Steuerung unterscheidet.

The global market, that's the intention; Der Weltmarkt ist das Ziel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kublik, F. [Shell Solar (Global), Amsterdam (Netherlands); Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg (Germany). Bereich Regenerative Energien

2000-07-01

The author of the paper is Dr. Frithjof Kublik, Vice President of Shell Solar (Global) and division manager 'Renewable Energies' of the German Shell AG. He discusses very comprehensively the results of a study performed on behalf of the Shell company. The study encompasses two scenarios based on the same predicted growth of the global human population from 1999 until 2060, and the resulting global demand for energy, but assuming different levels of market penetration and technological development of power generation from RES. Their respective final energy balance statements are very different. The scenario 'sustainable development' predicts market shares of renewable energy sources up to 50% of global demand, whereas the scenario 'dematerialization' predicts a maximum of 30%. (orig./CB) [German] Der Beitrag erlaeutert eine Studie der Firma Shell AG, die zwei Szenarien - 'Nachhaltiges Wachstum' und 'Dematerialisierung'- umfasst. Beide Szenarien gehen von der gleichen Bevoelkerungsentwicklung (zehn Milliarden Menschen im Jahre 2060, gegenueber fuenf Milliarden in 1990) und von dem gleichem Wirtschaftswachstum (drei Prozent pro Jahr) aus, die Energiebilanz sieht jedoch unterschiedlich aus. In beiden Szenarien werden sich die regenerativen Energien im Rahmen eines Reifeprozesses weiterentwickeln, indem sie zunaechst Marktnischen besetzen und sich dann mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg im Markt durchsetzen. Im Szenario 'Nachhaltiges Wachstum' geht die Studie davon aus, dass Produktivitaetsfortschritte bei der Energiebereitstellung zu einem erheblichen Angebot an regenerativen Energietraegern fuehren wird (bis zu 50% des Weltbedarfs). (orig./CB)

Integrated municipal wind power concepts; Windenergienutzung im staedtischen Verbund

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kolbert, D.; Richert, F. [Ventis Energietechnik GmbH, Braunschweig (Germany)

1998-06-01

The role of wind power in the industrial sector currently depends very much on its technical and economic integrability in existing conventional supply structures. The most important questions in this context relate to capacity effects, adapted operating methods of conventional power suppliers, and, most important of all, operational energy production costs. In some regions alternative energy supply concepts are not yet or not sufficiently available. However, these will nevertheless offer ways of installing energy systems with a large renewable segment. The chances of bringing such projects to fruition depend for one thing on the climate, which may either stimulate or deter from development work on renewables (wind power, solar energy), and for another, often in apparent opposition to the former, on the oftentimes poorly developed infrastructure and economic strength of the region in question. [Deutsch] Die Bedeutung der Windenergienutzung im industrialisierten Bereich ist derzeit verknuepft mit deren technischen und oekonomischen Integrationsfaehigkeit in bestehende, konventionelle Versorgungsstrukturen. Im Vordergrund steht hierbei die Klaerung der Fragestellungen nach Kapazitaetseffekten, angepassten Betriebsweisen konventioneller Stromerzeuger und, in erster Linie, betriebswirtschaftlichen Energieerzeugungskosten. Derzeit bieten die Regionen, in denen eine anderweitige Versorgung noch nicht oder in nicht ausreichendem Masse existieren Moeglichkeiten zur Installation von Energiesystemen mit hoher regenerativer Durchdringung. Fuer die Realisation solcher Projekte stehen sich haeufig die klimatischen Bedingungen, die einerseits z.T. die Ursache fuer den geringen Entwicklungsstand sind, andererseits aber auch guenstige Voraussetzungen fuer die Nutzung regenerativer Energien (Wind, Sonne) bieten, der meist schlechten Infrastruktur und der geringen Wirtschaftskraft gegenueber. (orig./MSK)

Attenuation corrections through energy spectra analysis of whole body and partial body measurements applying gamma spectroscopy; Schwaechungskorrektur bei gammaspektroskopischen Ganz- und Teilkoerpermessungen durch Analyse der Energiespektren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schelper, L.F.; Lassmann, M.; Haenscheid, H.; Reiners, C. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin

1997-12-01

The study was carried out within the framework of activities for testing means of direct determination of radioactivity levels in the human body due to incorporated, inhomogenously distributed radionuclides. A major task was to derive the average depth of activity distributions, particularly from photon radiation at energies below 500 keV, for the purpose of making suitable attenuation corrections. The paper presents two applicable methods which yield information on the mean depths of activity distributions, obtained through additional analyses of the energy spectra. The analyses are based on measuring the dependence of intensity of the Compton radiation on the length of pathways of the photons penetrating the soft tissue, or on measuring the energy-dependent absorption effects with photons. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Im Rahmen der direkten Aktivitaetsbestimmung bei inhomogener Radionukliddeposition im menschlichen Koerper mittels Ganz- oder Teilkoerpermessanlagen im klinischen Bereich oder im Strahlenschutz sollte besonders bei Photonenstrahlung mit Energien von weniger als 500 keV eine Ermittlung der mittleren Tiefe der Aktivitaetsverteilung zur Schwaechungskorrektur erfolgen. Im klinischen Umfeld ist es haeufig moeglich, zur Tiefenkorrektur die mittlere Organtiefe und damit die schwaechende Gewebsschicht mittels Ultraschall zu bestimmen. Ergaenzend hierzu werden im Folgenden zwei Methoden vorgestellt, welche Aussagen ueber die mittlere Tiefe von Aktivitaetsverteilungen durch Gewinnung von Zusatzinformationen aus dem Energiespektrum im Rahmen von gamma-spektroskopischen Personenmessungen ermoeglichen. Dazu werden einerseits die Abhaengigkeit der Intensitaet der Comptonstrahlung von der Laenge der Wegstrecke von Photonen durch Weichgewebe und andererseits energieabhaengige Absorptionseffekte bei Photonen als Grundlage herangezogen. (orig.)

Green technological change. Renewable energies, policy mix and innovation. Results of the GRETCHEN project on the impact of policy mixes on the technological and structural change in renewable energy electricity production technologies in Germany; Gruener Wandel. Erneuerbare Energien, Policy Mix und Innovation. Ergebnisse des GRETCHEN-Projektes zum Einfluss des Policy Mixes auf technologischen und strukturellen Wandel bei erneuerbaren Stromerzeugungstechnologien in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogge, Karoline S.; Breitschopf, Barbara; Mattes, Katharina [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Cantner, Uwe; Graf, Holger; Herrmann, Johannes; Kalthaus, Martin [Jena Univ. (Germany); Lutz, Christian; Wiebe, Kirsten [Gesellschaft fuer Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung mbH (GWS), Osnabrueck (Germany)

2015-09-15

The report on the GRETCHEN project that was concerned with the impact of policy mixes on the technological and structural change in renewable energy electricity production technologies in Germany covers the following issues: market and technology development of renewable energy electricity production technologies; the policy mix for renewable electricity production technologies, innovative impact of the policy mix; subordinate conclusions for politics and research.

Energy turnaround in South Africa. Opportunities for investment in renewable energy projects; Energiewende in Suedafrika. Investitionsmoeglichkeiten in erneuerbare Energie-Projekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulz, Thomas; Glenz, Christian [Linklaters LLP, Berlin (Germany)

2012-12-15

South Africa's energy footprint is currently mainly based on fossil fuels. This gives the country access to very inexpensive electricity, but is also associated with high greenhouse gas emissions. The government's policy of inviting tenders for renewable energy projects not only aims at securing the energy supply but also pursues the goal of sustainable, environmentally acceptable growth and of creating incentives for the development of a domestic industry in this sector. To date the country's electricity production rests almost entirely with Escom, a state-owned energy supplier which also operates South Africa's transmission network. In response to this, efforts are now being made to diversify the energy supply system with the participation of new electricity producers. As a result, investment opportunities in the South African energy sector are on the whole becoming increasingly attractive for foreign investors.

Relativistic exotic nuclei as projectile beams. New perspectives of studies on the properties of nuclei; Relativistische exotische Kerne als Projektilstrahlen. Neue Perspektiven zum Studium der Kerneigenschaften

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geissel, H

1997-03-01

Examinations of the production cross-sections and the kinematics permitted refinement of model concepts of the peripheral reactions in exotic nuclei at energies from 100 to 1000 A MeV. Due to the strong selectivity and resolution achieved it was possible to discover a large number of novel isotopes at the fragment separator FRS, despite the relatively low projectile beam intensities of the SIS. The two twice magic nuclei found, Ni 78 and Sn 100, are particularly interesting, as they could not be measured so far with other experimental systems. Fission of relativistic uranium ions proved to be a particularly successful process yielding many medium-heavy, neutron-rich nuclei. Insight into the structure of light neutron halos could be improved. The superlarge spatial dimensions of the nuclear halos is discussed. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die Untersuchungen der Produktionsquerschnitte und der Kinematik fuehr ten zu einer Verfeinerung der Modellvorstellungen der peripheren Kernr eaktionen an exotischen Kernen bei Energien im Bereich von 100- 1000 A MeV. Die hohe Selektivitaet und Aufloesung waren die Voraussetzung, da ss schon bei den vergleichsweise niedrigen Projektilstrahlintensitaete n des SIS eine grosse Anzahl von neuen Isotopen am Fragmentseparator F RS entdeckt werden konnten. Besonders erwaehnenswert sind die beiden d oppelt magischen Kerne Ni 78 und Sn 100, die mit anderen experimentel len Anlagen vorher nicht zugaenglich waren.Die Spaltung relativistisch er Uranionen hat sich als eine besonders ergiebige Quelle fuer mittels chwere neutronenreiche Kerne erwiesen. Die Kenntnisse der Struktur lei chter Neutronen- Halokerne konnten erweitert werden. Die uebergrosse r aeumliche Ausdehnung der Halokerne wurde aufgezeigt.

The legal compatibility of the German Act for mandatory use of electricity from renewables (Stromeinspeisungsgesetz) with the Treaty of Rome; Die Vereinbarkeit des Stromeinspeisungsgesetzes mit dem EG-Vertrag

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iro, S.P.

1998-04-01

In force since 1990, the German Stromeinspeisungsgesetz (obliging electric utilities to purchase at mandatory prices electricity from renewable energy sources) still is an issue of debates about legal justification under German law and compatibility with legislation on the European Internal Market for elctricity. The contribution analyses the points of friction with the Treaty of Rome, in particular the European regulations governing subsidization of national industries or undertakings by their government, aspects of freedom of trade within the EU and restrictive trade practices law. The conclusion of the legal analysis is that the German act is compatible with the subsidy regulations of the EU, but calls for amendment to correct infringements of the principles of free trade and competition within the EU in the provisions excluding electricity from renewables generated in other EU Member States. (CB) [Deutsch] Es ist schon seit 1990 in Kraft, und das Stromeinspeisungsgesetz bietet nach wie vor Anlass zu Diskussionen, sowohl aus dem Blickwinkel des deutschen Rechts wie auch vom Standpunkt des EGV. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die rechtlichen Reibungspunkte mit europaeischem Recht, konkret die Regelungen ueber erlaubte staatliche Beihilfen an nationale Unternehmen, deren Abgrenzung zu allgemein wirtschaftspolitischen Massnahmen eines Staates und Aspekte der Warenverkehrsfreiheit und des Wettbewerbs auf dem europaeischen Binnenmarkt. Das Ergebnis der rechtlichen Analyse des Beitrags sieht in der Subventionierung der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien eine politische Entscheidung, die mit EG-Interessen und EG-Recht vereinbar ist. Das Gesetz verstosse jedoch gegen die Warenverkehrsfreieheit auf dem Binnenmarkt in den Regelungen, wo es entsprechend erzeugten Strom aus anderen Mitgliedslaendern von der Subventionierung ausnimmt. (orig./CB)

Models for the promotion of renewable energy sources. A legal comparing investigation of models for the promotion of renewable enegy sources by the example of Poland and Germany; Modelle zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger. Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung von Modellen zur Foerderung erneuerbarer Energietraeger am Beispiel Polens und Deutschlands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michalowska, Dorota

2008-04-08

Energy sources such as coal, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear fission have long been established on the marketplace and considered competitive. However, a comprehensive restructuring of energy generation is necessary, as conventional energy generation pollutes the environment. Therefore environmentally friendly energy sources, such as solar, wind or water power need to be promoted. However, regenerative energy sources are still not capable of competing with conventional energy. Marketability of renewable energy sources can only be achieved through government-sponsored promotion and regulation. Such measures include fixed price and fixed quantity models with green certificates. The support schemes for renewable energy sources are characterized by their wide-ranging adaptability. The various elements of a scheme must be adapted to a given country's set goals and specific circumstances. There is no universally applicable model. Based on given goals and opportunities, every domestic legislator faces the challenge of choosing the best scheme or developing a mixed model that combines various elements. The aim of this study is to provide a legal analysis of regulations concerning the support schemes for renewable energy sources within the framework of EU and international law. Furthermore, the study aimed at comparing support schemes implemented in Poland and Germany. In the EU, the electricity directive from 1996 and 2003, the directive on the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources from 2003 and 2008, non-binding documents, such as the ''green and white book'', as well as the ''ALTENER'' program, successfully contributed to establishing the topic of renewable energies. Regarding international law, it is primarily the Kyoto protocol that has to be mentioned as a basis for the promotion of renewable energy sources. Poland introduced a fixed quantity model with green certificates. Separated reimbursements for certificates and for physical energy provide power generating companies with a sufficient basis for making investments. If a set quote cannot be met by purchasing certificates because no more certificates are available in a given fiscal period, companies can meet the quantity by paying a compensation. Germany introduced a fixed price model. The fixed reimbursements envisaged in the German model enable investors to build new facilities that use renewable energy sources and contribute effectively to the development of these sources. The legislative support schemes for renewable energies are intended to offer financial incentives to investors committing themselves to the construction of new facilities that provide renewable energy. The aim of the promotion - the establishment of currently non-competitive renewable energy facilities on the market - has been achieved as well by the Polish as the German measures. Ideally, the promotion should contribute to the future marketability of renewable energies. It would therefore be desirable to use dynamic mechanisms for designing incentives in such a way that support can be reduced over time. The Polish model does not intend this, unlike the German model under which reimbursements are degressive. (orig.)

Little energy dictionary. Vol. 2. Renewable and new sources of energy. Mini-Lex der Energie. Bd. 2. Erneuerbare und neue Energiequellen

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Lukner, C

1985-01-01

The fact that the fossil fuel resources are limited requires the exploration and use of renewable and new sources of energy. To distinguish between feasible and utopian projects it is necessary to take recourse to secured technical knowledge in the discussion. The author treats 85 important terms used in the energy discussion, e.g. upwind power plants, energy experiments house, solar furnaces, wave power. He uses descriptive popular language.

Integration of renewable energy resources when they dominate the electricity production mix; Integration erneuerbarer Energiequellen bei hohen Anteilen an der Stromversorgung

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Trieb, Franz [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Stuttgart (Germany). Gruppe Energie Integration

2013-07-15

The energy turnaround has triggered a reorganisation of the German energy supply system and in the process has given rise to a number of complex problems. The challenge at hand is to find the optimal route into an energy supply landscape based largely on renewable resources. This article investigates two scenarios of a sustainable future, one based on largely fluctuating resources and the other including controllable renewable sources as well as the use of storages. The author has found there to be substantial differences between these two paths.

Green house gas emissions in German agriculture. Sources and technical reduction capacities under special consideration of biogas; Treibhausgas-Emissionen in der deutschen Landwirtschaft. Herkunft und technische Minderungspotenziale unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung von Biogas

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Wegener, Jens-Karl

2006-12-15

them have different emission factors the derivation of realistic reduction capacities is a nontrivial problem. This work restricts the problem by combining existing biomass with those technologies which provide largest benefit concerning the reduction of GHG emissions. Thereby it is possible to evaluate the maximum contribution of GHG reductions from biomass usage in agriculture in Germany, which aggregates up to 50,341 Gg CO{sub 2}-equivalent. This means that 78.3% of the emissions from the source group agriculture in 2004 could be compensated if biomass was used within those technologies which produce the largest benefit. In this regards the subsidy of energy crops in biogas plants based on the ''Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz'' (renewable energy law) in Germany should be reviewed because there they do not produce the largest benefit. Energy crops should be applied to replace solid fuels instead. Since in practice several biogas plants are already using energy crops as input material without having an option for alternatives, the question raises how this fact can be improved for the future regarding climate protection. Therefore the third part of this monograph analyses the possible emission reductions of different technologies for converting biogas into energy. Objects of investigation are existing technologies like block heat and power plants or direct gas feeding into public gas distribution system as well as future technologies like the application of biogas in different types of fuel cells. Although direct gas feeding has a better ratio concerning the conversion of primary to secondary energy the GHG reduction capacity is much less compared to technologies of cogeneration. The reason for this is that the production of electricity has much more effect on GHG emissions than the production of heat. This is to be seen when comparing the emission factors of certain reference systems used in this part like condensing boilers running with natural gas

Monopolies, liberalization, energy turnaround. (Dis)continuities in the electricity market design; Monopole, Liberalisierung, Energiewende. (Dis-)Kontinuitaeten im Strommarktdesign

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Grashof, Katherina; Zipp, Alexander [Institut fuer ZukunftsEnergieSysteme (IZES), Saarbruecken (Germany); Jachmann, Henning [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Stuttgart (Germany); Wille-Haussmann, Bernhard [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Lechtenboehmer, Stefan [Wuppertal Institut fuer Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH, Wuppertal (Germany)

2015-04-15

After a long period of stability, the electricity industry is in the past 15 years, in a major state of flux. First, the switching of state-monitored and regulated regional monopolies to liberalized producer and consumer markets. At the moment we are in a similar change from conventional to renewable energy production. Below the main question will be addressed whether the paradigms of the individual phases are compatible, which still have their place and which should be modified. Moreover, it is shown that the current market design of the future cannot be designed on a blank sheet, but existing structures have to be considered. Given the stage of monopolies, the liberalization and the started energy turnaround respectively in terms of their sector structure, dominant generation technologies, the interaction between production and load and characteristic elements of market design and regulation are presented. Subsequently, a preliminary answer is given to the question raised. [German] Nach einer langen Phase der Stabilitaet ist die Stromwirtschaft in den vergangenen 15 Jahren stark in Bewegung geraten. Zunaechst stand der Wechsel von staatlich ueberwachten und regulierten Gebietsmonopolen hin zu liberalisierten Erzeuger und Verbrauchermaerkten an. Im Moment befinden wir uns in einem aehnlichen Umbruch, weg von konventioneller hin zu erneuerbarer Energieerzeugung. Im Folgenden soll der Leitfrage nachgegangen werden, ob die Paradigmen der einzelnen Phasen miteinander vereinbar sind, welche noch immer ihre Daseinsberechtigung haben und welche modifiziert werden sollten. Darueber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass das Strommarktdesign der Zukunft nicht auf einem leeren Blatt entworfen werden kann, sondern bestehende Strukturen zu beruecksichtigen sind. Dazu werden die Phase der Monopolwirtschaft, der Liberalisierung sowie der begonnenen Energiewende jeweils hinsichtlich ihrer Sektor Struktur, dominierenden Erzeugungstechnologien, des Zusammenspiels zwischen Erzeugung und Last

The need for a coordinated development of electromobility and renewable energies; Die Notwendigkeit einer koordinierten Entwicklung der Elektromobilitaet und regenerativer Energien

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Herzog, Helmut [Humboldt Univ. Berlin (Germany). Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultaet; Herzog, Raimond [FH Kiel (Germany)

2017-08-15

It is a declared goal of the Federal Government and almost all German parties to implement e-mobility by 2050 and to achieve the decarbonisation of the energy industry by the end of the century. Starting from these two premises, the motor vehicle industry and the electricity market will develop very dynamically. However, they must be coordinated by legal frameworks and, as far as possible, driven by market incentives for producers and purchasers of motor vehicles, electricity producers and consumers as well as network and storage system operators. Various approaches can be developed for this. [German] Es ist erklaertes Ziel der Bundesregierung und nahezu aller deutschen Parteien, die E-Mobilitaet bis 2050 durchzusetzen und die Dekarbonisierung der Energiewirtschaft bis Ende des Jahrhunderts zu erreichen. Von diesen beiden Praemissen ausgehend, werden sich die Kraftfahrzeugbranche und der Strommarkt sehr dynamisch entwickeln. Sie muessen aber durch gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen koordiniert und moeglichst marktkonform durch Anreize fuer Produzenten und Kaeufer von Kraftfahrzeugen, Stromerzeuger und -verbraucher sowie Netz- und Speicherbetreiber gelenkt werden. Dafuer lassen sich verschiedenen Ansaetze entwickeln.

Energy efficiency. A textbook and handbook; Energieeffizienz. Ein Lehr- und Handbuch

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Pehnt, Martin (ed.) [IFEU Institut fuer Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg (Germany)

2010-07-01

Apart from renewable energies, energy efficiency and energy conservation are the fundament for an economically optimized energy strategy. Energy efficiency involves different ranges: the energy and heating market for households and trades, the traffic sector and industrial production. Along the value creation chain energy efficiency signifies an effective conversion of raw materials, a use of by-products, a reduction of consumption and a modification of the behaviour. This text book offers a comprehensive overview of all ranges of energy efficiency. It interdisciplinary it gives an engineering understanding of the technologies for the reader and connects this with economic, sociological, energy political and ecological fundamentals. The manual is not only suitable for the teachings in relevant courses of studies (e.g. energy, environmental or process engineering, architecture, industrial engineering, geography and political economy, physics), but also offers a clear, intimate insight of the topic energy efficiency to specialists of neighbouring disciplines. [German] Energieeffizienz und Energieeinsparungen sind - neben erneuerbaren Energien - die Basis fuer eine volkswirtschaftlich optimierte Energiestrategie. Energieeffizienz betrifft unterschiedliche Bereiche: den Strom- und Waermemarkt fuer Haushalte und Gewerbe, den Verkehrssektor und die industrielle Produktion. Energieeffizienz entlang der Wertschoepfungskette bedeutet, Rohstoffe wirksam umzuwandeln, Nebenprodukte zu nutzen, Verbrauch zu reduzieren und Verhalten zu aendern. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet einen umfassenden Ueberblick ueber alle Bereiche der Energieeffizienz. Interdisziplinaer vermittelt es dem Leser ein ingenieurtechnisches Verstaendnis der Technologien und verknuepft dieses mit oekonomischen, sozialwissenschaftlichen, energiepolitischen und oekologischen Grundlagen. Das Handbuch ist nicht nur fuer die Lehre in einschlaegigen Studiengaengen (z. B. Energie-, Umwelt- oder Verfahrenstechnik, Architektur

Determination of benzene in exhaust gas from biofuels. Final report; Bestimmung von Benzol im Abgas von Biokraftstoffen. Abschlussbericht

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Dutz, M.; Buenger, J.; Gnuschke, H.; Halboth, H.; Gruedl, P.; Krahl, J.

2001-10-01

With the advance of environmental legislation and practices oriented towards sustainability renewable energy resources are becoming increasingly important. Use of replenishable raw materials helps preserve fossil resources. In the fuel sector the most widely used replenishable materials are rape methyl ester (RME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE). The purpose of the present project on the ''Determination of benzene in exhaust gas from biofuels'' was to generate orienting data on the potential health relevance of mixtures of fossil and renewable fuel intended for use in spark ignition and diesel engines. This included a determination of benzene emissions and the mutagenicity of particles. Beyond the applied-for scope of research measurements were also performed on the test engine's toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene emissions as well as on the smoke spot number and nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of the diesel engine. [German] Regenerative Energien gewinnen durch die Umweltgesetzgebungen und das Streben nach einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Durch die Verwendung nachwachsender Rohstoffe koennen die fossilen Ressourcen geschont werden. Im Kraftstoffsektor sind hier hauptsaechlich Rapsoelmethylester (RME) und optional Ethyltertiaerbutylether (ETBE) zu nennen. Um fuer Diesel- und Ottomotoren insbesondere mit Blick auf Kraftstoffgemische aus fossilen und regenerativen Komponenten orientierende Daten ueber eine potenzielle Gesundheitsrelevanz zu generieren, wurde das Projekt 'Bestimmung von Benzol im Abgas von Biokraftstoffen' durchgefuehrt. Neben der Benzolemission wurde die Mutagenitaet der Partikeln ermittelt. Ueber den beantragten Untersuchungsrahmen hinaus wurden die Tuluol-, Ethylbenzol-, und Xylolemissionen der eingesetzten Motoren, sowie die Russzahl (RZ) und die Stickoxid- (NO{sub x}) und Kohlenwasserstoffemissionen (HC) des Dieselmotors bestimmt. (orig.)

Intermediale künstlerische Bildung – theoretische Grundlagen und praktische Umsetzungsperspektiven

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iwan Pasuchin

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Spätestens seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre ist im deutschsprachigen Raum eine zunehmende Annäherung der Medienpädagogik und der Pädagogik künstlerischer Fachbereiche erkennbar. Die konkrete Zusammenarbeit dieser Gebiete gestaltet sich jedoch zumeist recht schwierig, weil es sowohl auf der theoretischen als auch auf der praktischen Ebene an einem intensiven Erfahrungsaustausch mangelt. Es gibt mehrere begriffliche Missverständnisse, unaufgearbeitete historisch verwurzelte gegenseitige Vorurteile und Fehlinformationen bzgl. des aktuellen Standes der Diskurse des jeweils anderen Bereichs. Und auch wenn die praktischen Ergebnisse medienpädagogischer und künstlerisch-pädagogischer Arbeit sich zunehmend ähneln (so wird z. B. «kreativer Medienarbeit» hier wie da ein besonders hoher Stellenwert eingeräumt, weiss man nur wenig über die dahinter stehenden Intentionen und die Methoden der jeweils anderen Seite. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass es keine einheitliche Medienpädagogik sowie erst recht keine integrative «künstlerische Pädagogik» gibt und auch die Vernetzung innerhalb der jeweiligen Unterbereiche oft wenig ausgeprägt ist. Jedoch wächst in Zeiten zunehmend knapperer Bildungsbudgets und einer Bildungspolitik, die kaum auf fachdidaktische Forderungen Rücksicht nimmt, das Bewusstsein für die Notwendigkeit, Gemeinsamkeiten stärker hervorzuheben als die Unterschiede und die Bündelung von Energien einem aufreibenden Konkurrenzdenken vorzuziehen. In diesem Sinne werden im folgenden Beitrag (ohne die Differenzen zu verschweigen einige Analogien in den praktischen und theoretischen Grundlagen, historischen Entwicklungen und aktuellen Diskursen der hier angesprochenen Fachbereiche fokussiert, um davon ausgehend ein Forschungs- und Bildungsprojekt vorzustellen, das sich um eine Nutzung daraus resultierender Synergien in der Praxis bemüht.

The draft of the new electricity market law at a glance; Der Entwurf zum neuen Strommarktgesetz im Ueberblick

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Voss, Jan Ole; Kirschnick, Stephan [Becker Buettner Held, Berlin (Germany)

2016-02-15

The conclusion of the new electricity market law is: ''The market will judge it''. A refined market where the renewable energies are increasingly integrated, shall guarantee reasonable prices, security of supply and environmental protection. Whether this can be achieved in reality, is highly questionable. This would require that the overcapacity of the German electricity market confirmed in several reports and the wholesale price for electricity recovers the long term. Only then can it be assumed that investment incentives arise in the construction of modern and efficient power generation plants. Such a ''market-faithful'' system is also absolutely dependent on the behavior of neighboring European countries. Only when these go along the path and affect the price and capacity development not regulatory, the completion of a functioning, liberalized EU internal market for electricity can succeed. [German] Das Fazit des neuen Strommarktgesetzes heisst: ''Der Markt soll es richten''. Ein weiterentwickelter Markt, in den die erneuerbaren Energien zunehmend integriert werden, soll fuer guenstige Preise, Versorgungssicherheit und Umweltschutz sorgen. Ob das in der Realitaet gelingen kann, ist durchaus fraglich. Dies wuerde erfordern, dass die in mehreren Gutachten bestaetigten Ueberkapazitaeten am deutschen Strommarkt abgebaut werden und der Grosshandelspreis fuer Elektrizitaet sich langfristig erholt. Nur dann kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass Investitionsanreize in den Bau von modernen und effizienten Stromerzeugungsanlagen entstehen. Ein solch ''marktglaeubiges'' System ist zudem zwingend von dem Verhalten der europaeischen Nachbarstaaten abhaengig. Nur wenn diese den eingeschlagenen Weg mitgehen und die Preis- und Kapazitaetsentwicklung nicht regulatorisch beeinflussen, kann die Vollendung eines funktionierenden, liberalisierten EU Binnenmarktes fuer Strom gelingen.

Modernization of heating systems. System solutions by renewabel heat in residnetial buildings. Consultant package; Heizungsmodernisierung. Systemloesungen mit erneuerbarer Waerme in Wohngebaeuden. Beratungspaket

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartmann, F.

2008-07-01

Energy conservation measures in the area of buildings can considerably contribute to the planned reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions particularly if they are not only carried out in the field of new buildings but also in existing buildings. In this booklet technical possibilities and bases of constructional thermal insulation in modern construction engineering are described in detail. In this connection the following subjects are gone into: Low-energy houses, bases of heat and humidity technology, correct heating and ventilating, thermal insulation of heating systems and water heaters, renewable energy sources, legal obligations like energy passport, support possibilities, energy diagnosis and counselling. (GL) [German] Das Beratungspaket Heizungsmodernisierung wird Sie bei der Beratung und Kundeninformation rund um die Modernisierung von Heizungsanlagen unterstuetzen. Ansprechende Grafiken erleichtern die Orientierung in den technischen Details und geben Einblick in die Komplexitaet der Heizungsmodernisierung mit Hilfe regenerativer Energietechnik. Die Komponenten eines modernen, zeitgemaessen Heizsystems werden ebenso behandelt wie Investitionskosten, Betriebskosten und staatliche Foerderung. Von allgemeinen Informationen zur Waermeerzeugung fuer Heizung und Warmwasser bis hin zu wirtschaftlichen Alternativen durch Sonnenwaerme, Waermepumpen oder Heiztechnik mit Holz finden Sie alles, was der Kunde ueber moderne Heizsysteme fuer den Bestand wissen moechte. Auf der beiligenden CD-ROM finden Sie anschauliche Praesentationsgrafiken sowie Checklisten, die Sie zur Vorbereitung und im Kundengespraech nutzen oder Ihrem Kunden als Informationsmaterial ueberreichen koennen. (orig./GL)

Subsidisation of renewable energy; Subventionierung von erneuerbarer Energie. Eine industrieoekonomische Analyse des strategischen Weettbewerbs in der Erneuerbaren-Energieindustrie bei unterschiedlichen staatlichen Regulierungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaller, M.

2006-07-01

In the current work we analyze formally selected problems in connection with the subsidisation of renewable energy in finance theoretical and industrial economic models. In the first part of the work we deal with the subsidisation of demonstration projects for testing new technologies in the field of renewable energy. The information about the economical performance of a technology, which is disclosed by first tests, is part of the value of such a demonstration project. We describe this value in a finance theoretical model as a real option. A reason for subsidising a demonstration project is given, when it is not exclusively the investor who benefits from the disclosed information. A technology may prove so efficient in a demonstration project that it will lead to a sustained decrease of the price for renewable energy. In this case the investment in a demonstration project has a positive externality in the form of a so -called consumer-surplus on consumers. This consumer surplus legitimises the subsidisation of demonstration projects. It also may be that other producers of renewable energy profit from a technology that is identical or at least similar to the technology - which is tested in a demonstration project. In this case the producers will benefit from the disclosed information since they can use it to estimate the performance of their own technologies. For this reason the investment in a demonstration project causes here a positive externality in form of an information spill-over to other producers with an identical or at least similar technology, which again legitimises the subsidisation. The second part of the current work contributes to answering the question how a good subsidising system to foster renewable energy should be designed. We therefore compare feed-in tariffs, quota obligations and bidding systems, all three common European subsidising schemes. We investigate which of the systems has the capacity to minimize on the one hand the profits of the producers at a given production level and which system maximizes on the other hand the innovation incentives of the producers. Moreover we investigate how a capital subsidisation, which is given in addition to a feed-in tariff or a quota obligation, influences profits and innovation incentives of the producers. From a formal industrial economic model we derive a number of results, which are a valuable contribution to the current economic and political discussion. We show for example that when capital has decreasing marginal returns an additional capital subsidisation will lead to less profits but also to less increase of profits after an innovation and thus to less innovation incentives. This trade-off between the minimization of profits and the maximization of innovation incentives is a central insight of our work and therefore this trade-off is pointed out in various contexts. (orig.)

German energy policy in deregulated Europe; Deutsche Energiepolitik im liberalisierten Europa

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Kuhnt, D. [RWE Energie AG, Essen (Germany)

2000-07-01

regulations on protection of cogeneration, and the rising payments for electricity from renewable sources fed into the public power grid total approx. DM 11 billion in the current year. This offsets a large part of the DM 15-20 billion savings arising to electricity consumers as a result of competition. (orig.) [German] Der Autor fordert eine Versachlichung der deutschen Energiepolitik und formuliert dazu einige Thesen: Erstens muss die deutsche Energiepolitik den neuen marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnungsrahmen in Europa akzeptieren. Das bedeutet, dass die deutschen Unternehmen nicht weiter mit der Verwirklichung politischer Zielvorstellungen belastet werden. Die deutsche Energiewirtschaft braucht Chancengleichheit mit den europaeischen Mitbewerbern. So sollten sich auch die europaeischen Partnerlaender nicht auf die Mindestbedingungen der Binnenmarkt-Richtlinie zur Marktoeffnung beschraenken. Zweitens muss die deutsche Energiepolitik im Interesse von inlaendischer Beschaeftigung und Wertschoepfung angesichts des erheblich gewachsenen Wettbwerbsdrucks neue Formen der Kooperation mit der Energiewirtschaft entwickeln. Auch die Zielkonflikte zwischen Nachhaltigkeit, Versorgungssicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit muessen nicht nur moderiert, sondern produktiv aufgeloest werden. Drittens bedeutet dies: Keine unzumutbare Loesung in Sachen Kernenergie. Wer die deutsche Energiewirtschaft im Interesse der heimischen Arbeitsplaetze und Zukunftschancen in ihrer Staerke erhalten will, kann nicht in Kauf nehmen, dass die deutsche Energiewirtschaft zusaetzliche Marktanteile im Inland an andere europaeische Unternehmen verliert. Viertens brauchen wir eine neue Energiepolitik, die rational und weniger emotional die Ergebnisse des Marktes zur Kenntnis nimmt. Sie sollte sich in diesem Zusammenhang kuenftig auf die marktgerechte Foerderung von erneuerbaren Energien und Technologien zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz beschraenken. Fuenftens darf die deutsche Energiepolitik jetzt nicht den Fehler

Power generation from renewable energy sources. Climate-friendly and economically efficient. Background information; Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien. Klimafreundlich und oekonomisch sinnvoll. Hintergrund

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-02-15

As the publication shows, the public discussion in Germany is increasingly focusing on the cost of the promotion of renewable energy sources. Critical comments state that the EEG (Renewables Act) accounts for most of the recent electricity rate increases and also does not contribute to climate protection. This background paper of the Federal Environmental Office stresses the role of the EEC for climate protection and its effects on price trends in electricity supply. The resulting financial burden for the German citizens and industry is investigated, and it is discussed whether public funding of renewable energy sources is indeed beneficial for the German economy on the whole.

Decarbonization of the German energy system due to falling or rising power consumption?; Dekarbonisierung des deutschen Energiesystems durch sinkenden oder steigenden Stromverbrauch?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guminski, Andrej; Roon, Serafin von [Forschungsgesellschaft fuer Energiewirtschaft mbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2016-10-15

Since the publication of the draft ''Climate Protection Plan 2050'' and the ''Green Paper on Energy Efficiency'', it is clear that the Federal Government is focusing on the electrification of the heat and transport sector in order to increase the share of renewable energies in these sectors. This step is not uncontroversial, and represents a paradigm shift in science and politics, because the reduction of the cross electricity consumption move into the background. It is now necessary to clearly distinguish between the conventional power consumption, which must continue to be tested for energy savings and efficiency potential, and the new power consumption, here referred to as the coupling current, which is accepted in order to achieve the objectives of the energy transition. Since the consideration of the energy transition as a purely national project is too short, possible positive and negative effects of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) deserve particular attention with regard to this reorientation. [German] Spaetestens seit der Veroeffentlichung des Entwurfs zum ''Klimaschutzplan 2050'' und des ''Gruenbuch Energieeffizienz'' ist klar, dass die Bundesregierung auf die Elektrifizierung des Waerme- und Verkehrssektors setzt, um den Anteil der erneuerbaren Energien in diesen Sektoren zu steigern. Dieser Schritt ist nicht unumstritten und stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel in Wissenschaft und Politik dar, denn auf einmal rueckt die Senkung des Bruttostromverbrauchs in den Hintergrund. Es gilt jetzt, klar zu trennen zwischen dem herkoemmlichen Stromverbrauch, der weiterhin auf Energieeinspar- und -effizienzpotenziale hin untersucht werden muss, und dem neuen, hier Koppelstrom genannten Stromverbrauch, welcher in Kauf genommen wird, um die Ziele der Energiewende zu erreichen. Da die Betrachtung der Energiewende als rein nationales Projekt zu kurz greift, verdienen moegliche

Energy-efficient production of biomethane with the aid of highly selective membranes; Energieeffiziente Gewinnung von Biomethan mit Hilfe hochselektiver Membranen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumgarten, Goetz; Balster, Joerg; Schnitzer, Christian [Evonik Degussa GmbH, Marl (Germany); Ungerank, Markus; Krutzler, Norbert [Evonik Fibres GmbH, Lenzing (Austria)

2011-07-01

Biogas is the only renewable energy source that is available continuously. It can be fed into the natural gas grid after filtering of CO2 and other constituents like water vapour and hydrogen sulfide. Membrane separation is a robust and simple technology but significant amounts of methane are lost via the membranes and must be utilized thermally on site. Against this background, Evonik developed selective membranes for biogas processing on the basis of high-performance polymers; near-complete filtering of CO2 and methane is now possible in a single compression stage. With the new membranes, a biogas processing echnology is now available that is superior in terms of energy efficiency, raw materials consumption, eco-efficiency, and robustness. This is demonstrated in a pilot plant that was commissioned in 2011. [German] Unter den erneuerbaren Energien besitzt Biogas den Vorteil einer kontinuierlichen Nutzbarkeit. Es kann nach Aufbereitung in das Erdgasnetz eingespeist werden und so vielfaeltigen Verwendungen zugefuehrt werden. Fuer die Einspeisung von Biogas in ein Erdgasnetz muessen zuvor vor allem CO{sub 2} und verschiedene Nebenbestandteile wie z.B. Wasserdampf und Schwefelwasserstoff abgetrennt werden. Der Einsatz einer auf Membranen zur Gastrennung basierenden Aufbereitung bietet hier ein robustes und einfaches Verfahren zeigte aber bisher den Nachteil, dass nennenswerte Mengen Methan ueber den sogenannten ''Schlupf'' der Membran verloren werden und unvorteilhaft thermisch vor Ort verwertet werden muessen. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat Evonik in den letzten Jahren auf Basis ihrer Hochleistungspolymere besonders selektive Membranen fuer die Biogasaufbereitung entwickelt, wodurch mit nur einem Kompressionsschritt eine nahezu vollstaendige Trennung von Kohlendioxid und Methan erreicht wird. Mit einem auf diesen neuen Membranen basierenden Prozess kann jetzt ein in Bezug auf Energie-, Einsatzstoff-, Oekoeffizienz und Robustheit ueberlegenes Biogas

Cross-sectoral modeling and optimization of a future German energy system, taking energy efficiency measures into account in the building sector; Sektoruebergreifende Modellierung und Optimierung eines zukuenftigen deutschen Energiesystems unter Beruecksichtigung von Energieeffizienzmassnahmen im Gebaeudesektor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palzer, Andreas

2016-07-01

With the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, comprehensive climate protection measures have already been adopted both nationally and internationally. This raises the question of how economically and ecologically useful system infrastructure looks, which at the same time ensures the supply reliability of all consumers. The regenerative energy model (REMod) presented in this book has been developed to provide answers. The sectors electricity, heat, transport and industry are considered for the first time simultaneous in an energy system model. In particular, in order to satisfy the criterion of reliability of supply, the model calculates the energy flows in hourly resolution for the period from today (2015) to 2050. The system is optimized with regard to minimum overall costs and under the boundary condition that a maximum set quantity of permitted greenhouse gas emissions is not exceed. On the example of Germany (REMod-D), the results show that, in particular, the interaction of the sectors can lead to strong differences in the design of the system infrastructure. [German] Mit dem Ziel den Ausstoss der Treibhausgase zu reduzieren, wurden bereits national wie international umfangreiche Klimaschutzmassnahmen verabschiedet. Hieraus ergibt sich die Frage wie eine oekonomisch und oekologisch sinnvolle Systeminfrastruktur aussieht, die gleichzeitig die Versorgungssicherheit aller Verbraucher gewaehrleistet. Das in diesem Buch vorgestellte Regenerative Energien Modell (REMod) wurde entwickelt um hierauf Antworten zu liefern. Beruecksichtigt werden erstmalig in einem Energiesystemmodell die Sektoren Strom, Waerme, Verkehr und Industrie gleichzeitig. Insbesondere um dem Kriterium der Versorgungssicherheit gerecht zu werden, berechnet das Modell die Energiefluesse in stuendlicher Aufloesung fuer den Zeitraum von heute (2015) bis 2050. Optimiert wird das System hinsichtlich minimaler Gesamtkosten und unter der Randbedingung, dass eine maximal vorgegebene Menge erlaubter

Just charge it. Electromobility for the future; Einfach aufladen. Mit Elektromobilitaet in eine neue Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Canzler, Weert; Knie, Andreas

2011-07-01

By 2020, more than one million electric-powered vehicles are envisaged on German roads. But when will they be commercially available? How much power do they really consume? Will there be batteries with sufficient capacity? And wouldn't it be more sensible to make conventional cars more efficient? These and other questions about electric-powered cars and electromobility are answered by the authors, competently and in a manner that also addresses the non-expert public. It is shown that electric-powered cars will be operated in fleets, serving not only as vehicles but also as buffers for renewables-derived power, which is known to be volatile. Controlled charging will offer a solution. Professionally managed fleets of electric-powered vehicles can store excess wind power, or they could serve as buffers at noon when more solar power is generated than is required in factories and kitchens. [German] Bis zum Jahr 2020 sollen ueber hiesige Strassen eine Million Elektroautos rollen. Doch wann werden Elektrofahrzeuge in nennenswertem Ausmass angeboten? Wie hoch ist ihr Strombedarf wirklich? Ist in naher Zukunft mit leistungsfaehigen Batterien zu rechnen? Und waere es nicht sinnvoller, konventionell betriebene Autos effizienter zu machen? Kompetent und fuer den Laien verstaendlich beantworten die Autoren diese und weitere Fragen rund um das Thema Elektroauto und Elektromobilitaet. Demnach werden die Elektroautos in Flotten betrieben und dienen nicht nur als Verkehrsmittel, sondern zugleich als Puffer fuer die bekanntlich volatilen erneuerbaren Energien. Die Formel lautet hier: gesteuertes Laden. Professionell in Flotten gemanagte Elektrofahrzeuge koennen ueberschuessigen Windstrom aufnehmen, wenn beispielsweise nachts die Abnahme fehlt, oder sie koennen als Puffer bereit stehen fuer die Mittagsstunden, wenn mehr Sonnenstrom produziert wird als in den Fabriken und Kuechen benoetigt wird.

Potential and possibilities of supplying energy from biomass and biogas; Potentiale und Moeglichkeiten der Energiebereitstellung durch Biomasse und Biogas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonnenberg, H. [Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft, Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Betriebstechnik; Weiland, P.; Ahlgrimm, H.J. [Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Landwirtschaft (FAL), Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Technologie

1998-06-01

Agriculture`s potential contribution to the energy supply of the ``town of the future`` through the conversion of biomass to energy, including biogas production, is a rather modest one. Supposing that the share of total renewable energy in Germany`s primary energy demand rises to approximately 4%, then the proportion of biomass from biotic raw materials especially produced for the purpose will at the most make up an eighth of this amount. Beyond this, biomass is burdened with other drawbacks such as low supply efficiency, limited availability, and weather-dependent reliability. On the other hand, biomass is well suited for conversion to solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, including inexpensive ones with low energy density (solid fuels), mostly used for stationary heating applications, as well as more expensive ones such as liquid fuels with a high energy density for mobile applications in the automotive sector. Thanks to its capacity to regenerate, biomass is an inexhaustible resource. Moreover, its natural life cycle has a small impact on the environment. [Deutsch] Der Beitrag, den die Landwirtschaft durch energetische Nutzung von Biomasse, z.B. auch mit der Erzeugung von Biogas, zur Energieversorgung der `Stadt der Zukunft` leisten kann, nimmt sich bescheiden aus. Wird erwartet, dass innerhalb des naechsten Jahrzehnts der Anteil regenerativer Energien insgesamt auf etwa 4% des Primaerenergie-Verbrauchs Deutschlands ansteigen koennte, so duerfte Biomasse als speziell zur Energiegewinnung angebaute nachwachsende Rohstoffe mit bestensfalls 0,5 Prozentpunkten daran beteiligt sein. Es beduerfen darueber hinaus auch Nachteile, wie geringe Bereitstellungseffizienz, beschraenkte Verfuegbarkeit und witterungsabhaengige Zuverlaessigkeit, der Beachtung. Die Biomasse kann jedoch mit Erfolg in feste, fluessige und gasfoermige Energietraeger konvertiert werden, sowohl in preiswerte mit geringer Energiedichte (Festbrennstoffe) fuer bevorzugt stationaeren Heizungs-Einsatz als auch

Storage requirement and its impact on the energy industry in implementation of political objectives of energy transition; Speicherbedarf und dessen Auswirkungen auf die Energiewirtschaft bei Umsetzung der politischen Ziele zur Energiewende

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teufel, Felix Thomas

2015-07-01

The increasing integration of renewable energy generating systems pose fundamental challenges for the energy industry. This concerns not only the utility companies but also established simulation models for analyzing the markets. In the present work, a system dynamic bottom-up model is described, which imagines the German electricity market in a 15 minute resolution and a high integration of renewable energies. The above described developments are affecting increasingly the operation mode of storage power plants. A result of model is that the operation of storage power plants is increasingly no longer worthwhile in the near future. After 2020, however, in the daytime prices will be significantly lower than during the night, resulting in new economic application scenarios for storage power plants. Also an outlook is provided on the duration of future storage usage times in the presented model, after which there will be a considerable demand for increasingly shorter cycles under 4 hours and longer cycles with more than 32 hours. [German] Die zunehmende Integration regenerativer Energieerzeugungssysteme stellt die Energiewirtschaft vor grundlegende Herausforderungen. Dies betrifft nicht nur die Energieversorgungsunternehmen sondern auch etablierte Simulationsmodelle zur Analyse der Maerkte. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein systemdynamisches bottom-up Modell beschrieben, welches den deutschen Elektrizitaetmarkt in einer 15-minuetigen Aufloesung und einer hohen Integration der erneuerbaren Energien abbildet. Die oben beschriebenen Entwicklungen wirken sich zunehmend auf die Fahrweise von Speicherkraftwerken aus. Ein Resultat des vorgestellten Modells ist, dass sich der Betrieb von Speicherkraftwerken in naher Zukunft zunehmend nicht mehr lohnen wird. Nach 2020 werden jedoch tagsueber die Preise deutlich niedriger sein als die Nachtpreise, wodurch sich neue wirtschaftliche Einsatzszenarien fuer Speicherkraftwerke ergeben. Auch wird im vorgestellten Modell ein Ausblick

TA project 'Elements of a strategy for sustainable development in the energy sector'. Preliminary study; TA-Projekt 'Elemente einer Strategie fuer eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung'. Vorstudie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fleischer, T.; Gruenwald, R.; Oertel, D.; Paschen, H.

2000-12-01

. Die untersuchten Optionen und Strategien sind: Intensivierung der Bemuehungen zur Einsparung von Energie, verstaerkte Nutzung der bedeutenden Potenziale der regenerativen Energien, Moeglichkeiten und Probleme eines verstaerkten Einsatzes fossiler Energietraeger, insbesondere von Erdgas. (orig./CB)

Heat from renewable energy. Comparison of heating systems and fuels concerning environmental aspects; Waerme aus regenerativen Energien. Heizungssysteme und Brennstoffe im oekologischen Vergleich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weinberg, Jana; Stegelmeier, Marina; Kaltschmitt, Martin [TU Hamburg-Harburg (Germany). Inst. fuer Umwelttechnik und Energiewirtschaft

2013-02-01

So far, residential buildings in Germany are mainly heated with fossil fuels like heating oil and natural gas. Those fuels are burned in more or less efficient conversion plants and in doing so produce besides noteworthy amounts of greenhouse gas emissions also nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Those emissions are not being tolerated any longer with society growing more and more environmentally-conscious. Consequently more environmentally friendly alternatives of supplying heat for residential buildings are in public discussion. For instance this is true for the use of geothermal energy, renewable fuels like biogas or wood and solar energy. Further improvement in the standard on thermal insulation of buildings to lower the absolute heating demand is discussed in parallel. To be able to evaluate these different possibilities concerning selected environmental impacts, the following work focuses on such heating options by means of life-cycle analysis. (orig.)

Environmental politics. Actual research projects in the area of sectional themes of renewable energies; Umweltpolitik. Aktuelle Forschungsvorhaben im Bereich Querschnittsthemen der erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zimmermann, Gisela; Boehme, Dieter; Nikol, Claudia (comps.)

2006-08-15

Within the meeting of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) at 23rd to 24th February, 2006 in Berlin the following lectures were held: (1) Reaching the targets of development for renewable energies up to the year 2020 (Joachim Nitsch); (2) Introduction to the topics of cross-section projects in the area of renewable energy (Wolfhart Duerrschmidt); (3) Preparation and accompanying of the preparation of a report of experience according to paragraph 20 EEG (Frithjof Staiss); (4) Analysis and evaluation for the further EEG from total economic view (Claudia Kemfert); (5) Monitoring for the efficiency of the amended EEG and the development of the power generation from biomass (Daniela Thraen); (6) Monitoring for the efficiency of the amended EEG and the development of power generation from solar energy (Dieer Guennewig); (7) Market penetration of renewable energies in the German and European power market (Mario Ragwitz); (8) Ecologically optimized expansion of the renewable energy revisited: the sectorial challenges (Martin Pehnt); (9) Key issues for the development and introduction of budget independent instruments for the market penetration in the heating market (Michael Nast); (10) Material flow analysis of sustainable mobility in the context of the renewable energies till to 2030 (Uwe Fritsche); (11) Optimization for a sustainable expansion of the generation and utilization of biogas in Germany - Electricity, thermal energy, fuels (Guido Reinhardt); (12) A structural-economical-ecological comparison of regenerative energy technologies (RE) with Carbon Capture and Capture (CCS) (Manfred Fischedick); (13) Monitoring of support instruments for renewable energies in the power supply sector in the EU and scientific accompanying of the Feed-in-Cooperation (Mario Ragwitz); (14) Further development of the EU politics for the promotion of renewable energies in the European power supply single market (Karsen Burges); (15) BioRegio strategies for a sustainable energetic utilization of biomass in selected model regions (Frank Baur); (16) Future expansion of renewable energy supports under special consideration of the Federal States (Lutz Mez); (17) Climate protection and renewable energies, international teamwork (Hendrik Vygen); (18) An investigation of the sociological acceptance of the renewable energies - Relevant parameters and socially solutions (Petra Schweizer-Ries); (19) Acceptance and strategies for the expansion of renewable energies at local and regional level (Timon Wehnert); (20) Energy region Lausitz - New impulses for the acceptance and utilization of renewable energies (Dorothee Keppler); (21) General and fundamental aspects of renewable energies (Andrea Meyer); (22) New ways for the improvement of the environmental communication - the project 'World of experience renewable energy: powerado' (Michael Sharp); (23) Communication for multiplicators in technical school education. University and advanced training (Sigrid Jannsen); (24) Renewable energy: Data and statistics - information and communication (Frithjof Staiss); (25) Efficiency of the expansion of renewable energies on the German labour market under special consideration of the foreign trade (Frithjof Staiss); (26) External costs und utilization of renewable energies (Wolfram Krewitt); (27) The safety-political importance of renewable energies (Alexander Carius); (28) Review on the approval and licensing of plants for the use of renewable energies (Sefan Klinski).

Promotion of renewable energy resources with a focus on cost-based feed-in tariffs; Foerderung von erneuerbaren Energien mit Schwerpunkt auf kostenbasierter Einspeiseverguetung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schweighofer, M.; Tretter, H.; Veigl, A.

2006-07-01

This final report published by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents a review of possible systems that could be used to promote power production in Switzerland using renewable energy sources. Promotional models on both the provider and consumer sides that use both price and quantity as control factors are examined. Three models are compared: the submission-to-tender model, the quota model with certificates and a model that uses cost-based feed-in tariffs. On the basis of a comparison with Austria, interaction between increasing the proportion of renewable forms of energy and the realisation of energy-efficiency goals is discussed. A further part of the report deals with various options for the use of biomass as a source of energy.

Long-term transition to power/hydrogen energy system based on regenerative energy sources. Langfristiger Uebergang zum Strom/Wasserstoff-Energiesystem auf der Basis erneuerbarer Energiequellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wurster, R

1989-01-01

If we mean to secure the future of this planet in its present state we shall have to reduce drastically the emissions of trace gases influencing our climate like CO/sub 2/, CH/sub 4/, FCHC, ozone, N/sub 2/O and stratospheric H/sub 2/O. CO/sub -/neutral energy sources in clude nuclear energy and regenerative energies (solar, wind, water, biomass, tidal energy). These energy sources provide energy carriers in terms of electricity, heat, biofuels, synthesis gas and hydrogen. The author discusses the power/hydrogen energy system, electrolytic generation of hydrogen and its capacity for storage and transport from sunny solar-energy utilization areas (Central Africa). Hydrogen can then be used in drive systems, power generation (power stations) and for space heating and process heat. The author discusses its profitability and underlines the fact that hydrogen will figure in the energy economy of the future. (HWJ).

Stimulation of innovations - Increase of the research of renewable energies. Recommendations of Fraunhofer ISE for the research politics Renewable Energies in the legislative period 2009-2013. Position paper 1/2009; Innovationen stimulieren - Regenerative Energien-Forschung steigern. Empfehlungen des Fraunhofer ISE fuer die Forschungspolitik Regenerative Energien in der Legislaturperiode 2009-2013. Positionspapier 1/2009

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2009-10-15

In the past years, the renewable energies became a relevant quantity in the German power supply. Germany is in the increasing competition around its leading position in technology and production particularly with the U.S.A., Peoples Republic of China and other Asian states. In order to meet the challenges, technological innovations are necessary. Under this aspect, the following recommendations of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany) result for the research policy and launching of renewable energies in the legislative period 2009 - 2013: (a) A distinct increase of the research funding for renewable energies; (b) Increase of the amount of the fundamental research and preliminary research within the range of the renewable energy; (c) Adoption of a renewably aligned energy research program; (d) Continuation and adjustment of the launching politics.

20 years power generation from renewable energy in Germany. A success story; 20 Jahre Foerderung von Strom aus Erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland. Eine Erfolgsgeschichte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruns, Elke; Ohlhorst, Doerte; Wenzel, Bernd

2010-09-15

The contribution under consideration reports on the historical development of the power generation from renewable energies in Germany. It is a summary of an extensive investigation of the Technical University of Berlin (Federal Republic of Germany) with the title 'Renewable energies in Germany - a biography of innovations'. This investigation contains the social background for the reconstruction of the power supply system, the most important political and legal settings the course for the development of the renewable energies as well as an overview of technological innovations. An emphasis of this contribution is on the genesis of the German regulation of reimbursement. The contribution is limited to the range of power generation by water power, wind energy, photovoltaics, biogas and geothermal energy.

Assessment of hydrogen storage systems as a means of integrating electricity from renewable energies; Bewertung von Wasserstoffspeichersystemen zur Integration von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michaelis, Julia; Genoese, Fabio; Wietschel, Martin [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany)

2013-06-15

Hydrogen storage is a possible option for an improved integration of renewable energies into the electricity supply system. Similarly to other technical storage options it is faced with the challenge of having to be economically viable. Compared with other storage media hydrogen has the virtue of being versatile. This has a significant impact on assessments of its profitability.

Climate change and the use of renewable energies. A challenge for land-use planning; Klimawandel und Nutzung von regenerativen Energien als Herausforderungen fuer die Raumordnung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kufeld, Walter (ed.)

2013-10-01

For spatial planning and especially land-use planning, the issues of climate protection, adaptation to the impacts of climate change and the use of renewable energies represent key challenges for the 21st century. The resulting questions call for a revaluation of instruments and methods applied in land-use planning. Moreover, it is necessary to identify land-use conflicts arising from these challenges and to strive for spatially attuned solutions. In this context, land-use planning represents an important interdisciplinary tool for coordinating actions and developing an overall spatial strategy. This report summarises the findings of the Bavarian ARL working group ''Climate Change and the Use of Renewable Energies: A Challenge for Land-Use Planning''. Drawing on their backgrounds in practice and/or scientific research, the authors throw light on currently pressing challenges and their implications for planning in Bavaria. Particular emphasis is placed on the question of the contribution spatial planning can make to climate-adapted development and the implementation of the Energiewende (energy transition).

Energy as a technology: Thermodynamics, energy engineering, environment, renewable energy, rational energy use. 2. rev. ed.; Technologie Energie: Thermodynamik, Energietechnik, Umwelt, regenerative Energien, rationeller Energieeinsatz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuberth, R.

2000-07-01

The book discusses the technical and scientific fundamentals and the ecological consequences of anthropogenic energy conversion. The information is to make the public energy discussion more rational and less emotional. [German] Trotz oder gerade wegen der duesteren Zukunftsaussichten sind sachliche und fundierte Informationen ueber die Zusammenhaenge zu diesem Thema erforderlich. In diesem Buch werden schwerpunktmaessig die technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Sachverhalte und die oekologischen Folgeerscheinungen, die im Zusammenhang mit der anthropogenen Energieumwandlung auftreten, dagestellt. Diese Kenntnisse sollten auch zu einer Versachlichung der Energiediskussion und einer rationaleren Beurteilung der Situation fuehren koennen. (orig.)

Status and prospects of fuel cell technology in Europe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Dijkum

1998-01-01

Fuel Cells attract a lot of press attention today and an some example of a recent press heading is: ''Orders for Onsi's fuel cells hit $111 million''. The principle of fuel cell technology is explained and examples of realized applications given. In short: fuel cells can be used everywhere where power (and heat) is needed. Regarding the status of fuel cells, Europe is way behind Japan and the US. The 15 PAFC-200 kWe units in operation in Europe (worldwide > 90 units) produced 46,796 MWhe during 296,704 cumulative operating hours with an availability % over 70.00. The world record on continuous operation is held by Japan with 9,478 hours reached at 14th September 1996 and two PAFC-units passed their 40,000 hours of cumulative operation (US and Japan). In Japan, market enabling support is continued with subsidies of one third of the costs for 7 PAFC-units. In the Netherlands, Energy Distribution Companies test their tubular 100 kWe SOFC-unit. During 1,335 hours of continuous operation, the unit produced 165 MWhe in total at 3rd March. EnergieNed, CLC/Ansaldo and Gastec evaluated changes for co-generation and small power production with packaged fuel cell power plants in EU and EFTA countries. In general the authors concluded that implementation of fuel cell power plants in all EU and EFTA countries will be probably possible with today' s technical regulations. On might wonder: What has fuel cell technology to offer in one of the most efficient and low-priced gas economies in Europe, the Netherlands. An example of efficient energy use are greenhouses with artificial lighting and CO 2 -fertilization and energy (heat) storage device. Applying relatively favorable depreciation periods and (utility) interest rate, a PAFC 200 kWe generates just a positive return (IRR = 1.7 % after taxes and subsidies) when part of a gas-engine capacity is replaced

Research for the thermal change. Contributions; Forschung fuer die Waermewende. Beitraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szczepanski, Petra; Wunschick, Franziska; Martin, Niklas (comps.)

2016-05-15

The energy transition in the heating sector is not a sure-fire success and it is too slow. This is alarming since the heating / cooling sector is responsible for more than half of the final energy demand. That the ''thermal change'' has accelerated hardly despite many efforts by politics, industry and research in recent years, is the reason for the scientists the FVEE institutes to examine the perspectives of renewable energy and the need to increase efficiency in the heating sector systematically. therefore FVEE-2015 Annual Meeting, is entitled ''Research for the thermal change''. The contributions of this conference proceedings present the latest research results and show ways to implement the heat change technically, economically and politically. They are dedicated to the drivers, but also the barriers of heat change. The authors report on innovative projects to provide buildings with heat from geothermal energy, biomass and solar thermal energy. Several contributions are dedicated to the application of efficient components, such as thermal insulation, thermal storage and heat pumps. [German] Die Energiewende im Waermesektor ist kein Selbstlaeufer und kommt zu langsam voran. Das ist alarmierend, da der Waerme-/Kaeltesektor fuer ueber die Haelfte des Endenergiebedarfs verantwortlich ist. Dass die ''Waermewende'' trotz vielerlei Bemuehungen von Politik, Industrie und Forschung in den letzten Jahren kaum Fahrt aufgenommen hat, ist Anlass fuer die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der FVEE-Institute, die Perspektiven der erneuerbaren Energien und der notwendigen Effizienzsteigerung im Waermesektor systematisch zu untersuchen. Die FVEE-Jahrestagung 2015 steht deshalb unter dem Leitthema ''Forschung fuer die Waermewende''. Die Beitraege dieses Tagungsbandes praesentieren aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse und zeigen Wege auf, um die Waermewende technisch, wirtschaftlich und politisch

Renewable energy from wind and sun. Status quo and development perspectives at the global level; Erneuerbare Energie aus Sonne und Wind. Status quo und Entwicklungsperspektiven weltweit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graichen, Patrick; Grotewold, Lars [Agora Energiewende, Berlin (Germany); Kordowski, Klaus; Wesemann, Philipp [Stiftung Mercator, Essen (Germany)

2015-01-15

The global market for renewable energy technologies has experienced strong growth since the year 2000. In 2013 newly installed electricity production plants based on renewable energy for the first time outnumbered the aggregate of newly installed plants based on coal, gas or nuclear energy. In more and more parts of the world, wind and solar energy plants are becoming the most cost-effective means of electricity production. As renewable energy resources begin to claim significant shares in the energy mix they also become more system-relevant, resulting in a need for more investment as well as regulatory changes. Due to their specific features (high capital intensity, low incremental costs, fluctuating electricity production), and in spite of the marked decline in costs, wind and solar energy are still dependent on proactive policies in support of renewable energy.

Bioenergy. Data base for the statistics of the renewable energy and emissions balance. Material volume; Bioenergie. Datengrundlagen fuer die Statistik der erneuerbaren Energien und Emissionsbilanzierung. Materialband

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dreher, Marion; Memmler, Michael; Rother, Stefan; Schneider, Sven [Umweltbundesamt, Dessau (Germany); Boehme, Dieter [Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Berlin (Germany)

2012-02-15

In July 2011, the Federal Environment Agency (Dessau-Rosslau, Federal Republic of Germany) and the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) performed the workshop ''Bioenergy. Data base for the statistics of the renewable energy and emissions balance''. The material volume of this workshop under consideration contains plenary lectures on the state of knowledge and information need as well as materials to the working groups solid biomass (working group 1), biogas (working group 2) and liquid biomass (working group 3).

The market integration of electricity production from renewable resources. An economic and legal analysis; Die Marktintegration der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien. Eine oekonomische und juristische Analyse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haucap, Justus [Duesseldorf Univ. (Germany). Duesseldorf Inst. for Competition Economics (DICE); Klein, Carolin [Regensburg Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Oeffentliches Recht, Immobilienrecht, Infrastrukturrecht und Informationsrecht; Noerr LLP (Germany); Kuehling, Juergen [Regensburg Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Oeffentliches Recht, Immobilienrecht, Infrastrukturrecht und Informationsrecht

2013-07-01

Working from the goals of the German energy turnaround as a point of departure the authors analyse the shortcomings of the subsidisation of renewable energies in its present form as well as potentials for the integration of renewable energies in the electricity market. They then use their findings to develop a proposal for a quota-based subsidisation model similar to one practiced in Sweden, substantiating their ideas with a fully formulated draft law. The book is based on an expertise with the same title which was prepared on behalf of the federal state of Saxony.

Ausrichtung des ALICE Übergangsstrahlungsdetektors sowie Zweiteilchenintensitätsinterferometrie identischer Pionen aus p+p Kollisionen bei LHC Energien von 900 GeV und 7 TeV

CERN Document Server

Huber, Sebastian

This PhD thesis deals with results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which provided first data in September 2009. Intrinsically it was foreseen that first collisions should already occur end of 2008. On September the 10th the first beam event was partially successful, but after a week of running an accident in the sectors 3 and 4 spoiled some of the magnets of the synchrotron. This caused a delay of almost one year due to the necessary repairs. After repairing and some further test for the purpose of calibration and alignment of the subsystems with cosmic rays on the 23rd of November and ultimately with stable beam on the 6/7th of December 2009 collisions of protons (p+p) at an energy of √sNN = 900 GeV took place. After an intended winter stop the first long run of the LHC commenced on the 30th of March 2010. Like in the previous years protons with an increased world record energy of 7 TeV were brought to collision. After 7 month of continuous data taking in p+p the last month of running was dedicated t...

Integration of renewable and conventional power. Intraday optimization, pooling and predictive target value generation; Intraday-Optimierung, Pooling and vorausschauende Zielsollwertfuehrung. Integration von erneuerbaren und konventionellen Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, Ruediger; Kautsch, Stephan; Blaumann, Marcel; Vogelbacher, Lothar [ABB AG, Mannheim (Germany)

2013-10-01

Facing increasing use of fluctuating renewable energies, the traditional unit commitment on the previous day and the use of balancing energy to account for deviations on the current day is running into limitations. Intraday optimization adapts plant schedules on the current day to new situations. This leads to frequently changing plant schedules, up to one change every 15 minutes and requires a lot of flexibility from conventional power plants. Pooling reduces the complexity of the overall system by introducing hierarchies. The predictive generation of target set points considers multiple subsequent changes of the schedule, in order to obtain a plant operation that matches at discrete accounting points and provides a smooth operation in between. The paper investigates the realization of the new techniques with online optimization. (orig.)

Bioenergy. Data base for the statistics of the renewable energy and emissions balance. Report of results; Bioenergie. Datengrundlagen fuer die Statistik der erneuerbaren Energien und Emissionsbilanzierung. Ergebnisbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dreher, Marion; Memmler, Michael; Rother, Stefan; Schneider, Sven [Umweltbundesamt, Dessau (Germany); Boehme, Dieter [Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Berlin (Germany)

2012-02-15

The constantly growing importance of biomass for heat and power generation in Germany needs more adequate statistical data acquisition and emissions balances. This data is needed for policy consultancy and for the compliance to European reporting commitments. But, how is it possible to statistically portray the biomass-fired plant park in its growing complexity in an adequate manner, in order to gain reliable data for national and international reporting commitments? These were the questions debated among 60 experts from scientific institutions, industry and administration during a workshop jointly organized by the Federal Environment Agency (UBA), the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU), the Working Group Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat) and the Germany Biomass Research Center (DBFZ) on 5 and 6 July 2011 in Dessau-Rosslau. To that end, the whole biomass-fired plant stock in Germany, including solid, liquid and gaseous biomass was looked at. In a first step, the current level of knowledge concerning efficiency and emission parameters was discussed. In a second step, a core input data set for statistical use was agreed upon. Moreover, the workshop detected a need for further research on several aspects. The Federal Environment Agency publishes this workshop report in order to document the results of this event. It gives an overview of the publically available data source for biomass installations and usage in Germany and it also depict the need for further research. This shall be used as basis for further work in this area in the years to come. (orig.)

Will eco-power create new jobs? Job effects of funding programmes for renewable energy sources in Germany; Jobmotor Oekostrom? Beschaeftigungseffekte der Foerderung von erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fahl, U.; Kuester, R.; Ellersdorfer, I. [Inst. fuer Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER), Univ. Stuttgart (Germany)

2005-07-15

In view of the high unemployment rate in Germany today, the criterion of job creation should also applied to environmental and energy policy. At the same time, the climate protection goals of the Kyoto convention must be met. In this light, the established instrument of job effect analysis of political decisions is gaining new topicality. Especially the EEG (Renewables Act) is viewed by many as a means of creating jobs, with an estimate of about 120,000 new jobs. The contribution presents a critical analysis of this expectation. (orig.)

Where the market fails. Obstacles to environment-friendly energy and ways of overcoming them; Wo der Markt versagt. Hindernisse fuer umweltfreundliche Energien und Moeglichkeiten zu ihrer Ueberwindung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ott, W [Econcept, Zuerich (Switzerland)

1997-12-01

Externalities in the energy sector are the reason for inefficient ressource use and increasing environmental damages. To strengthen market forces and to improve competitiveness of clean and/or renewable energy systems, requires the implementation of the polluter-pays-principle. For Switzerland, external costs of energy production and consumption are determined for 1993. The resulting estimates represent the state of the art at the time being. Energy-price-adders are derived from these external costs, providing an instrument for easily taking into account external costs within cost/benefit analyses for energy investments. In Switzerland, Federal and Cantonal authorities are supposed to apply or at least take into account these energy-price-adders if they are up to invest into energy-consuming infrastructures. It is shown, that the application of the determined Swiss energy-price-adders renders an earth probe-heating system for a tenement competitive with respect to oil heating. (orig.)

The German energy market. 2014 yearbook. Data and facts on conventional and renewable energy resources; Energiemarkt Deutschland. Jahrbuch 2014. Daten und Fakten zu konventionellen und erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [RWE AG, Essen (Germany). Allgemeine Wirtschaftspolitik/Wissenschaft; RWTH Aachen Univ. (Germany). Fachbereich Technologie der Energierohstoffe; World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources

2014-07-01

The present book provides an overview of the energy market of the German Federal Republic. Its main emphasis is on structures of demand and supply in the markets for crude oil, brown coal, hard coal, natural gas and electricity. A special chapter has been dedicated to renewable energy resources. Another focal area are the price formation mechanisms for oil, coal, natural gas and electricity. The development of energy demand is analysed, differentiating between the sectors industry, transport, households and trade/industry/services. The book addresses the international climate protection treaties, the legal framework for climate protection activities at the European level and the implementation of trade in greenhouse gas emission permits in Germany. It presents current forecasts and scenarios, thus pointing out possible perspectives in the German energy market. It also discusses the framework conditions for Germany's energy policy. The energy markets are portrayed through facts and figures compiled in a total of 125 tables and 148 diagrams. Details of ownership of more than 100 utility companies are made transparent. The chapter on energy in the coalition agreement of 27 November 2013 between the Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social Union and the Social Democratic Party is documented verbatim. Rounding off the publication is a detailed glossary that will facilitate the reader's understanding of complex matters in the field of energy economy.

Modular pump-turbine concept supporting the integration of renewable energy sources in a decentralised grid; Modulare Pumpturbine als Unterstuetzung bei der Einbindung alternativer Energien ins dezentrale Stromnetz

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Doujak, Eduard; Unterberger, Philipp; Bauer, Christian [Technische Univ. Wien (Austria). Inst. fuer Energietechnik und Thermodynamik

2012-11-01

The integration of renewable energy systems in Europe leads to several challenges in the energy market. Energy storage for stable grid operation has become a necessity. Pumped storage is the only technology available today that is able to store large amounts of energy efficiently and with low specific storage costs. The Vienna University of Technology is currently investigating how existing artificial lakes for snow production could be integrated in pumped storage production systems. A new modular pump turbine concept and its application prospects are presented. (orig.)

Renewable energy sources - rational energy use. Enterprises - suppliers - research - consultation. BINE public information. Market leaders - addresses. Erneuerbare Energiequellen - rationelle Energieverwendung. Unternehmen - Bezugsquellen - Forschung - Beratung. BINE-Buergerinformation. Marktfuehrer-Adresshandbuch

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1989-01-01

The manual lists addresses and business information given by research institutes, companies, associations, groups, etc. in the field of renewable energy sources and rational energy use. It is to provide information, as comprehensive as possible to all those who have to solve problems concerning energy conservation and environmental protection. The manual is based on a detailed questionnaire distributed by BINE (Buerger-Information Neue Energietechniken, Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Umwelt). (UA).

Study tour to biomass gasifiers in Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knoef, H.A.M.

2000-12-01

A study trip to a biomass gasification plant in Germany took place from 13-15 November 2000. The goal of the trip was to obtain information on German developments, experience, and possibilities in the field of biomass gasification. The participants were representatives of Dutch parties in the energy sector: waste sector, manufacturers, producers, policy makers and consultants. The most important feature was the visit to plants that were in operation. Due in particular to the new EEG (Emeuerbare-Energien-Gesetz/Renewable Energy) legislation, German policy makers have created an initial market for sustainable energy with a degree of success. The key feature is that EEG makes projects 'bankable' by guaranteeing a return delivery compensation. An EEG-type scheme designed to accelerate the development of sustainable energy could be an interesting instrument also for the Netherlands. The plan was to visit four plants and have a number of presentations in a period of three days. Preference was for relatively new plants with differing concepts. The following plants were visited and/or presented: 200-kWe CHP wood gasification plant, based on AHT technology, located at Domsland in Eckenfoerde; a 10,000 tonnes/year wood gasification plant, based on 'cupola furnace' technology of blast furnaces, located at Holzhausen near Leipzig; a 1-MWe wood gasification plant, based on Carbo-V technology, located at Freiberg; and finally a 23-MWe CBP wood gasification plant, also based on Juch technology, located at Siebenlehn. In clearly appears that Germany is ahead of the Netherlands in the realisation of gasification plants. Still, there are certain problems with the reliability of operation. The plants selected were relatively new (with the possible exception of Espenhain) and they are having too many teething problems. Sound insight has been obtained into the various concepts of decentralised energy generation from biomass and how this can be fitted into the existing infrastructure

Processes and materials for photovoltaic applications. Workshop; Verfahren und Materialien fuer die Photovoltaik. Workshop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Solar energy will surely continue to be the most important renewable energy source. Since 1985, solar cell production has doubled every five years while the per unit price decreased continuously. This trend is expected to continue. Germany made important contributions both in the construction of new solar cell production plants and in the development of new PV materials and material combinations, as well as in technology and PV plant construction. The states of Thuringia and Saxony were significant contributors. In Thuringia, two solar cell production plants were constructed, while Saxon vacuum coating technology was used in nearly all new German production plants. This workshop presented the activities in Thuringia in Saxony. Contacts were to be established between partners from industry and research, joint projects were to be initiated, and society and politicians were to be informed on the success and new chances achieved. The workshop was held on the occasion of the termination of construction and the starting of experimental production of the ANTEC Solar GmbH factory at Rudisleben. [German] Im Mix der erneuerbaren Energien spielt die Solarenergie kuenftig wohl die wichtigste Rolle. Seit 1985 verdoppelt sich die Solarzellenproduktion in jeweils fuenf Jahren, gleichzeitig sank der Preis pro Leistungseinheit kontinuierlich. Dieser Trend wird weiter anhalten. Deutschland leistete in den letzten Jahren wichtige Beitraege zu dieser Entwicklung, sowohl beim Aufbau neuer Fertigungskapazitaeten fuer Solarzellen, als auch bei der Entwicklung neuer Photovoltaik-Materialien bzw. -Materialkombinationen und auf den Gebieten der Technologie und des Anlagenbaus. Der Anteil Thueringens und Sachsens an dieser positiven Entwicklung ist groesser als generell vermutet. In Thueringen entstanden zwei Unternehmen fuer die Solarzellenproduktion, der saechsische Vakuumbeschichtungs-Anlagenbau war am Aufbau fast aller neuen deutschen Fertigungsstaetten beteiligt. Auf dem Workshop werden

Corrosion behavior of selected materials in lithium bromide solution for the application absorption chillers; Korrosionsverhalten ausgewaehlter Werkstoffe in Lithiumbromid-Loesung fuer den Anwendungsfall Absorptionskaeltemaschinen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brandt, B. [ZAE Bayern, Garching (Germany)

2004-07-01

Absorption chillers on the basis of lithium bromide-water are interesting systems for efficient and energy-saving supply of coldness. The heating energy for the propulsion of the chiller could result ideally from renewable energies, e.g. solar energy, or waste heating energy from industry. The chiller can work as a multiple-stage process for increasing the energy efficiency. For the three-stage-plants, in the generator temperatures of up to 200-220 C are necessary. The factors high temperature, high halogenide concentration (lithium bromide) and the presence of water vapour lead to a very high corrosive exposure of the materials. In that reason the task of the present report was the consideration of commercial materials and inhibitors concerning their suitability for the application in triple-effect-chillers. The measurements were carried out under identical conditions, but in unmoved solution and excluding the contact with air. The result of the investigations showed that stainless steel has been identified as a promising material for this application. Furthermore we have found out that the type of the inhibitor and the interaction of different phases have a strong influence on the corrosion processes. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Absorptionskaeltemaschinen auf der Basis von Lithiumbromid-Wasser stellen eine interessante Moeglichkeit zur effizienten und energiesparenden Versorgung mit Kaelte dar. Die zum Antrieb erforderliche Waermeenergie kann idealerweise aus regenerativen Energien, wie z.B. Solarwaerme, oder Abwaerme aus der Industrie bereitgestellt werden. Um die Energieeffizienz zu steigern, koennen die Prozesse mehrstufig betrieben werden. Bei den dreistufigen, sogenannten Triple-Effekt-Anlagen, sind im Generator Temperaturen bis zu etwa 200-220 C erforderlich. Die Faktoren hohe Temperatur, hohe Halogenidkonzentration (Lithiumbromid) und die Anwesenheit von Wasserdampf fuehren zu einer besonders starken korrosiven

'Cluster'-development and effects in the areas of renewable energy and energy efficiency in buildings; Cluster-Bildung und -Effekte in den Bereichen Erneuerbare Energie und Energieeffizienz in Gebaeuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suter, S.; Simmen, H. [Ecoplan, Berne (Switzerland); Ohler, F.; Joerg, L. [Technopolis Austria, Wien (Austria)

2004-07-01

This comprehensive report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results obtained from an analysis of the formation of so called 'clusters' of companies acting in related fields with the aim of enhancing innovation in their business areas. This is achieved by promoting the exchange of knowledge to encourage learning processes. The report discusses the pros and cons of the 'cluster' theory as well as experience gained in this area in various European countries. It also suggests measures to be taken to aid the formation and further development of clusters in Switzerland. The measures looked at include political ones on the demand side such as levies, energy standards, export promotion and the setting of examples by authorities and - to a lesser degree - measures on the supply side such as the support of research. In particular, the successful use of the 'cluster' method in Austria is looked at.

Promotion of direct marketing and supply on demand of electric power from renewable energy sources. Final report; Foerderung der Direktvermarktung und der bedarfsgerechten Einspeisung von Strom aus Erneuerbaren Energien. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-06-23

The study investigates the promotion of direct marketing and supply on demand of electric power from renewable energy sources in Germany. the study shows that renewable energy sources are a good option for facing the challenges of the future. However, the potential is often left unused because of a lack of incentives in the current pricing system. To solve this problem, the Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety authorized two studies that are to enable or improve the utilization of the integration potentials of the renewable energy sources. Two model proposals based on these studies are presented here. The model proposing a bonus for combined-cycle power plants is to ensure supply on demand of electric power from renewables with the aid of integrated power storage systems. However, it is found that this model will not generate significant effects for power supply on demand. The second model proposes financial incentives; it will work well for renewable power supply systems that can be controlled, e.g. bioenergy, run-of-river power plants with power storage, and biogas plants. On the other hand, supply-dependent technologies like wind power, photovoltaic power, run-of-river power plants without power storage, and geothermal power plants with very low variable cost, the goal is not fully reached. In contrast to the first model, the market incentives model will enhance the integration of renewable energy sources in the competitive market by largely eliminating market risks. (orig./RHM)

Customer acceptance of renewable energy sources. Target group segmentation by means of a lifestyle typology of end users; Verbraucherakzeptanz von Erneuerbaren Energien. Zielgruppensegmentierung durch Einordnung privater Endverbraucher in eine Lebensstiltypologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter; Zitzewitz, Mareike von

2010-07-01

Sustainable use of resources worldwide, protection of the global climate, and enhanced energy efficiency are important challenges for Germany in the 21st century. A key element is the energy turnaround by enhanced use of renewable energy sources, especially in the private sector. The publication presents an acceptance model relating to this context; it is based on the three-component attitude theory and supplemented by concrete, behaviour-related acceptance of use. Statistical methods of verification showed that acceptance in attitude is the necessary condition for acceptance of action, which in turn is the necessary condition for acceptance of use. This means that acceptance in attitude will be the most common type of acceptance and acceptance of use the least common one. On the basis of the acceptance model and of other active and passive variables, a two-stage market segmentation and a cluster analysis were carried out in order to identify four different lifestyle types that are target groups for renewable energy sources. Among the active variables of the private end consumers were personality characteristics, personal values, technology affinity, thriftiness, environmental awareness and environmental behaviour. Descriptive or passive variables were recreational activities, media consumption, orientation in style and taste, and demographic characteristics. (orig./RHM)

Sustainable electricity supply of the future. Costs and benefits of a transformation to 100% renewable energies; Nachhaltige Stromversorgung der Zukunft. Kosten und Nutzen einer Transformation hin zu 100% erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burger, Andreas; Luenenbuerger, Benjamin; Osiek, Dirk

2012-08-15

In the brochure under conideration, the Federal Environment Agency (Dessau-Rosslau, Federal Republic of Germany) reports on a sustainable electricity supply in the future. The costs and benefits of the transformation to 100% renewable energy sources are considered. The Federal Environment Agency concludes: A sustainable power supply requires the transition to a fully renewable energy supply. A full supply of electricity from renewable sources by 2050 is feasible technically. Thereby electricity from wind power and solar energy may play a central role in any ambitious expansion scenarios. The cost of power generation from renewable energy already are sunk. This trend will continue. Since the conventional power generation is more expensive in the future, renewable energy pays off more and more. Environmentally harmful subsidies and the lack of consideration of the social costs caused by the fossil and nuclear power generation massively distort the competition at the expense of renewable energy. The transformation of the energy system is worthwhile macroeconomically. The promotion of renewable energies avoids social follow-up costs caused by environmental damages and health related harms. Jobs are created. The regional value added is increased. It also improves the competitiveness of the fast-growing world markets for renewable energy technologies.

Recent developments in the electricity generation market in 2014; Aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Stromerzeugungsmarkt im Jahr 2014

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hofmann, Holger [Oppenhoff und Partner Rechtsanwaelte Steuerberater mbB, Koeln (Germany)

2015-02-16

europaeischer Ebene. Zu grosser Unsicherheit bei Anlagenbetreibern, Investoren und Unternehmen im deutschen Energieerzeugungsmarkt hat neben dem genannten Gesetzespaket die Ueberarbeitung der EU-Umwelt- und Energiebeihilfeleitlinien, das Beihilfeverfahren der Europaeischen Kommission in Bezug auf die deutsche Foerderung der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien und das Verfahren im Fall Aalands Vindkraft vor dem EuGH gefuehrt. Auch die Dynamik auf der Erzeugerseite, u.a. durch den vermehrten Anschluss von dezentralen Erzeugeranlagen, hat fuer eine zunehmende Regulierung bei der Stromerzeugung gesorgt. Schliesslich ist ein erster Gesetzentwurf zum Fracking Ende 2014 veroeffentlicht worden.

Energy policy under power. Alternatives of power generation in the acceptance test; Energiepolitik unter Strom. Alternativen der Stromerzeugung im Akzeptanztest

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scheer, Dirk [Univ. Stuttgart (Germany). Zentrum fuer interdisziplinaere Risiko- und Innovationsforschung (ZIRIUS); Forschungsinstitut Dialogik, Stuttgart (Germany); Konrad, Wilfried [Forschungsinstitut Dialogik, Stuttgart (Germany); Renn, Ortwin [Univ. Stuttgart (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Umwelt- und Techniksoziologie; Forschungsinstitut Dialogik, Stuttgart (Germany); Univ. Stuttgart (Germany). Zentrum fuer interdisziplinaere Risiko- und Innovationsforschung (ZIRIUS); Scheel, Oliver [Univ. Stuttgart (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Umwelt- und Techniksoziologie; Univ. Stuttgart (Germany). Zentrum fuer interdisziplinaere Risiko- und Innovationsforschung (ZIRIUS)

2014-07-01

As illustrated, both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the evaluations of the examined seven electricity mixes the image of a rejection of nuclear and coal power with or without carbon capture (CCS) with simultaneous support for a renewable energy focus in the center of the transformation of the German systems on the electricity. Energy-political strategies that the electricity produced from renewable sources less space than concede the nuclear power and/or the coal found only in very rare and exceptional cases decidedly on consent. Conversely: if the way in which renewable energy production convincingly by high levels of the electricity mix of ecological power plants are expressed, reduced amounts of nuclear and coal power are accepted as a transitional phenomenon. The finding that actually can get unpopular technologies from the focus of criticism by an appropriate context design, also applies to the CCS technology. This makes it possible to identify some evidence that in the context of nuclear energy-free RE-mixes modern coal-fired power plants with CCS are not be refused per se. However, it should also be noted that CCS will be rejected as a supposedly extra evil often still more vehement than the ''familiar'' nuclear power. [German] Wie dargestellt wird weist sowohl die quantitative als auch die qualitative Analyse der Bewertungen der untersuchten sieben Strommixe das Bild einer Ablehnung von Atom- und Kohlekraft mit oder ohne Carbon Capture (CCS) bei gleichzeitiger Unterstuetzung fuer eine die Erneuerbaren Energien in den Mittelpunkt stellenden Transformation des deutschen Systems der Stromerzeugung auf. Energiepolitische Strategien, die der Elektrizitaetsgewinnung aus regenerativen Quellen weniger Raum einraeumen als der Atomkraft und/oder der Kohleverstromung treffen nur in sehr seltenen Ausnahmefaellen dezidiert auf Zustimmung. Umgekehrt gilt: Wird der Weg in die regenerative Energieproduktion ueberzeugend durch hohe Anteile

Living laboratory for Nikola Tesla. Living laboratories, Tesla, Second Life, sustainable construction technologies and renewable energy sources; Wohnlabor fuer Nikola Tesla. Ueber Wohnlabors, Tesla, Second Life, nachhaltige Bautechnologien und erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Redi, Ivan; Redi, Andrea; Jovanovic, Branimir (and others)

2008-07-01

Adventure is the opposite of conventional teaching. Adventure is the moment when experience alone is not enough. Sometimes, courageous people challenge the nature of things, helping us to get new insights and achieve a new viewpoint. The experience-oriented ''work in progress'' university is an adventure of this kind. The book looks into the Tesla laboratory and the Wardenclyffe Tower, both of which could not be completed for financial reasons, and addresses them from today's state of technology. The conceptional section is based on the ''Tesla doctrine'' which comprises fundamental philosophical statements on civilisatory progress. The book presents the results of the investigation. The 16 architectural projects presented here were developed live on the online platform. Second Life, ORTLOS Sim. (orig.)

Program energy research and energy technologies. Annual report 1987. Fossil energy carriers, renewable energy sources, efficient use of energy. Programm Energieforschung und Energietechnologien. Jahresbericht 1987. Fossile Energietraeger, erneuerbare Energiequellen, rationelle Energieverwendung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-01-01

After a general introduction and a short overview of financial contributions in 1987 there is a description of the projects sponsored. The main section contains project descriptions of the partial programmes Fossil Energy Carriers, Renewable Energy Sources and Efficient Use of Energy. The ordering of the wide-ranging material is carried out essentially via two indices: the index of project numbers and the index of companies. Then an overview is given of final reports published in 1987. A list of 1987 patents forms the final section.

EEG Clearing Office strengthened by EEG 2012. Alternative dispute resolution in the renewable energies industry; Aufwertung der Clearingstelle EEG durch das EEG 2012. Alternative Dispute Resolution im Bereich der Erneuerbaren Energien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chatzinerantzis, Alexandros; Fach, Martin [Linklaters LLP, Frankfurt am Main (Germany). Praxisgruppe Litigation and Arbitration

2012-11-14

The EEG Clearing Office is a special arbitration forum for the purpose of facilitating quick and inexpensive out-of-court dispute resolutions and resolving cases of legal uncertainty in connection with the regulations of the EEG (Renewable Energy Law). The Clearing Office has developed dynamically over the past years, as the numbers of newly registered potential and ongoing procedures impressively show. In the 2012 amendment to the EEG the legislature has fundamentally revised and substantially widened the legal basis for the work of the Clearing Office. This provides the motivation for presenting the Clearing Office and its procedural rules in the following article.

100% energy supply coverage with renewable energy. Requirements for its implementation at the global, national and municipal level; 100%-Versorgung mit erneuerbaren Energien. Bedingungen fuer eine globale, nationale und kommunale Umsetzung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogall, Holger

2014-07-01

This book presents itself as a systematic, easily understandable introduction into the requirements for an energy supply based 100% on renewable energy. Its main focus is on the strategic paths that must be followed for this purpose in the realms of business, technology and governmental policy. It highlights the opportunities and impediments on the way, analysing in the process the roles of political, economic and civil society players from the global down to the municipal level. Starting out from the present state of discussion on the German energy transition it investigates the strengths and weak points of efficiency technologies and renewable energies available today and elaborates a strategic path for developing the necessary infrastructure. In awareness of the fact that 100% coverage will not come about from market mechanisms alone it explores the ecological crash barriers that need to be set up in addition. This is followed by chapters on the roles, interests and means of those players who can exert influence on the framing of the relevant political and legal instruments as well as their means of pursuing their interests. The book thus contributes to clarifying the possibilities of and impediments to achieving an energy supply system based 100% on renewable energy.

Modeling of a completely on renewable energy based power generation in 2050 in autonomous, decentralized structures; Modellierung einer vollstaendig auf erneuerbaren Energien basierenden Stromerzeugung im Jahr 2050 in autarken, dezentralen Strukturen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peter, Stefan

2013-09-15

The German Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA) has developed three radically different scenarios of a future electricity supply entirely based on renewable sources in Germany by 2050. This study investigates the technical and ecological feasibility for one of these scenarios, the ''Local Energy Autarky'' scenario, by means of computer based simulation with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The scope of this scenario is restricted to small-scale decentralized energy systems which satisfy their own power demand without being connected with each other or with outside suppliers, i.e. without electricity imports. Relying only on locally available renewable energy sources to cover the electricity demand, makes electricity storage a necessity within the simulation model. The model itself consists of different modules representing electricity demand (e.g. for households, commerce and industry), power generation of different renewable technologies, and meteorological data, such as solar irradiation, wind speed, and outside temperatures. Various basic assumptions were made with regard to future developments such as energy efficiency. The simulations were applied exemplarily to a rural community with a low population density and a town district (high population and building density), each with and without trade/industry and each at a location in northern and in southern Germany, which are representative of the different meteorological conditions affecting the power generation from renewable sources such as wind and solar. Several variations were applied to the system, e.g. with regard to the share of electricity powered private vehicles or the installed generation capacities per technology. The simulation results show that the electricity demand of private households plus the demand for a complete shift to (private) e-mobility can be covered by the assumed locally available potentials for photovoltaics and wind energy, but only for the rural community and with an immense amount of storage required. If compared to the northern location the location in south Germany requires additional effort concerning the installed capacity for both electricity generation as well as storage. With the given assumptions for this study, however, it is not possible at all to establish a self-sufficient electricity supply for the town district. This is also true for the rural community if the electricity demand for commerce and industry statistically corresponding to the number of inhabitants is taken into account. With respect to these results it can be concluded that besides a local renewable generation the national electricity transport network is an important component for achieving a 100 percent renewable energy supply in Germany. On the one hand the large-scale balancing between fluctuating renewable energy feed-in and load can be beneficial. On the other hand potentials will have to be tapped where they exist. Regions with ''excess potential'' such as north Germany with its high wind potentials will have to cater to regions with a ''shortfall'' such as the industrial centers of electricity consumption in southern and western Germany. Thus, the concept sketched in the ''Local Energy Autarky'' scenario may be a feasible option in particular cases under favorable circumstances. According to the findings in this study, however, it presents no viable alternative for a 100% renewables-based electricity supply, at least not for the whole of Germany. Nevertheless, local generation can contribute a substantial share to a power supply entirely based on renewable energy sources as shown in the UBA ''Regions Network'' scenario.

Rail travel with water and wind. Alternatives for more renewable energies with Germany's largest electricity consumer; Bahn fahren mit Wasser und Wind. Wege fuer mehr regenerative Energien beim groessten Stromverbraucher Deutschlands

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horenburg, Peter

2012-07-01

It is a core problem of the energy revolution: the fluctuating yields from renewable energy sources have to be integrated into the electricity supply without endangering its safety and economic feasibility. Here the Deutsche Bahn railway company provides a prime example: by 2020, the company intends to draw more than one third of the 12 billion kilowatthours it consumes each year from green electricity. Researchers have calculated that doubling the green electricity used today will increase the electricity costs by around five per cent. The German railway power grid is distinguished, however, by many unique features. (orig.)

Results obtained with LEGe detectors applied for partial-body counting in the low-energy range (3-150 keV); Erfahrungen mit LEGe-Detektoren bei Teilkoerpermessungen im Bereich niedriger Energien (3-150 keV)

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Dettmann, K. [Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Berlin (Germany)

1997-12-01

Due to a change in the field of duties, the Phoswich detector hitherto used for organ and partial-body scanning for measuring low-energy {gamma} radiation and X-radiation had to be replaced by a modern detector system. A key application of the new system is detection and in vivo measurement of {sup 210}Pb in the human skeleton. This method of measuring {sup 210}Pb as a long-lived daughter product of radon is applied for retrospective assessment of radiation doses emanatingfrom the radon decay chain, applied to former uranium miners (WISMUT) and members of the population living or having lived in houses with high radon concentrations. The bone activities to be expected from relevant exposures are only slightly above those of the normal {sup 210}Pb content in the bones (10-30 Bq), and the Phoswich detector system was not able to detect incorporated activity down to these low levels. The new system was also tested for its suitability and efficiency in detecting radionuclide depositions in body organs, particularly the actinides that are difficult to identify, in compliance with the relevant regulatory guide. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] In der Inkorporationsmessstelle musste auf Grund neuer Aufgabenstellungen der fuer Organ- und Teilkoerpermessungen zum Nachweis niederenergetischer {gamma}- und Roentgenstrahlung eingesetzte Phoswich-Detektor durch ein modernes Detektorsystem ersetzt werden. Ein wichtiges Einsatzgebiet des neuen Systems ist die Bestimmung von {sup 210}Pb im menschlichen Skelett ueber In-vivo-Messungen. Diese Methode der Bestimmung von {sup 210}Pb als langlebiges Folgeprodukt des Radons dient der retrospektiven Ermittlung der Exposition durch Radon-Zerfallsprodukte bei ehemaligen Uranbergleuten (WISMUT) und Personen aus der Bevoelkerung, die in Wohnhaeusern mit hohen Radonkonzentrationen leben bzw. gelebt haben. Die fuer relevante Expositionen zu erwartenden Skelettaktivitaeten liegen nur wenig ueber dem {sup 210}Pb-Normalgehalt (10-30 Bq). Mit einer Nachweisgrenze von etwa 300 Bq {sup 210}Pb bei noch akzeptabler Messzeit (7200 s) war das alte Phoswichsystem dieser Anforderung nicht gewachsen. Ausserdem wurde das Messsystem, daraufhin getestet, inwieweit Organdepositionen, deren Bestimmung besonders fuer Aktinide problematisch ist, uebereinstimmend mit der Richtlinie erfasst werden koennen. (orig.)

Creation and evaluation of a database of renewable production time series and other data for energy system modelling; Aufbau und Bewertung einer fuer die Energiemodellierung verwendbaren Datenbasis an Zeitreihen erneuerbarer Erzeugung und sonstiger Daten

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Janker, Karl Albert

2015-01-28

This thesis describes a model which generates renewable power generation time series as input data for energy system models. The focus is on photovoltaic systems and wind turbines. The basis is a high resolution global raster data set of weather data for many years. This data is validated, corrected and preprocessed. The composition of the hourly generation data is done via simulation of the respective technology. The generated time series are aggregated for different regions and are validated against historical production time series.

Renewable vs. fossil electricity systems. A cost comparison. Power world 2050. Analysis of renewable, coal and gas-based electricity systems; Erneuerbare vs. fossile Stromsysteme. Ein Kostenvergleich. Stromwelten 2050. Analyse von Erneuerbaren, kohle- und gasbasierten Elektrizitaetssystemen

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Graichen, Patrick; Kleiner, Mara Martha [Agora Energiewende, Berlin (Germany); Matthes, Felix Christian; Heinemann, Christoph [Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institut fuer Angewandte Oekologie, Berlin (Germany)

2017-01-15

The decarbonisation of the energy and, above all, the power system is the core component of any consistent climate protection strategy. For the electricity sector, this means, in the final analysis, the transition from a power supply based on lignite, hard coal, natural gas and other fossil fuels to one (almost) completely based on renewable energies by 2050. The fundamental technical feasibility of such a system, more than 90 percent of which would generate electricity from renewable energies, is no longer disputable today. The explanation for this is the partly rapid technological advances made in recent years, particularly those involving wind (on- and offshore) and solar energy, as well as the foreseeable further developments of central flexibility options (including flexible demand, battery storage and power-to-gas technologies). However, the question of the costs of this new electricity system has not yet been fully resolved. These cost calculations need to take into account, on the one hand, the total costs of an electricity system based on renewable energies and, on the other hand, the comparison to a power system that remains based on fossil fuels. Against this background, the present study provides a numerical analysis of the following questions: What are the technical and cost structures for a power system when 90 percent or more of the electricity is generated from renewable energies in 2050? How do the costs for different storage strategies (batteries vs. power-to-gas) differ? What technical, cost and emission structures result for a hypothetical fossil-based power system in 2050 if the further construction of electricity production plants based on wind and solar energy is immediately abandoned? How do the costs for various fossil-based power systems differ (conventional mix of lignite/hard coal/natural gas power plants vs. an electricity system based purely on natural gas)? For this purpose, a large number of model calculations with different framework conditions and sensitivity analyses were conducted in order to check the results for their robustness. As a result, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Currently, different forms of a renewable electricity system are conceivable for 2050. They differ in the composition of the fleet of renewable energy power plants and the interplay with grid infrastructures and different flexibility options. Hourly analyses show that such a renewable power fleet can fully cover Germany power supply and guarantee a high level of security of supply. 2. If the cost of a tonne of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) is Euro 50 or more, renewable energy power systems in 2050 are mostly cheaper than or approximately as expensive as a conventional lignite/hard coal/natural gas power system - largely independently of the assumed fuel prices (Figure S-1). Only when lower CO{sub 2} prices or a combination of low energy prices and CO{sub 2} prices of less than Euro 50 are assumed for 2050, a lignite/hard coal/natural gas power mix leads to lower overall costs than a system based on renewable energy sources. 3. An electricity system based completely on natural gas power plants leads to similar or higher costs when high fuel prices are assumed and is cheaper than a renewable energy power system when low fuel prices are assumed - largely independently of the CO{sub 2} price assumptions. 4. Compared to 1990, a new lignite/hard coal/natural gas power system would have 7 to 24.5 percent, a power system based entirely on natural gas 59 percent, and an almost fully renewable power system 96 percent lower CO{sub 2} emissions in 2050. In the final analysis, only a renewable electricity system is compatible with the climate protection targets laid down in the Paris Agreement. 5. The systemic CO{sub 2} abatement costs for switching from a fossil-based power system to one based almost fully on renewable energies amount, in most constellations, to between 40 and 60 Euro per tonne of CO{sub 2}. There are two exceptions: For the change from a power system based on natural gas to one based on renewable energies, abatement costs of approx. 125 Euro/t CO{sub 2} arise in the case of permanently low fuel prices; in the case of high fuel costs, however, negative abatement costs of -15 Euro/t CO{sub 2} arise. In summary, a power system that is almost entirely based on renewable energies in 2050 is not only necessary in climate protection terms and technically feasible, it is also attractive in cost terms from a system perspective. In the most probable future scenarios for Germany, an electricity supply based on renewable energies is either approximately as expensive as or is even cheaper than a fossil-based electricity system. Particularly with a view to the uncertainties about developments on the global fuel markets, a renewable energy power system also has the added value of shielding the national economy as a whole from increasingly volatile price developments for fossil fuels, thereby also strengthening the competitiveness of Germany as a business location.

Collective commitment for local bio energy projects. Motives and experiences of the initiators: An interview study of German renewable energy projects; Kollektives Engagement fuer kommunale Bioenergieprojekte. Motive und Erfahrungen der Initiatoren: Eine Interviewstudie deutschlandweiter erneuerbarer Energieprojekte

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Rehatschek, Anja

2009-07-01

With the help of a sustainable power production, local bio energy projects connect ecological, economic and social solutions for the climate protection and the environment protection, for the support of the agriculture and forestry as well as for living together in the rural area. Past investigations concern primarily consider the collective commitment and the effects of such projects on the population. Under this aspect, the contribution under consideration is occupied with the acting of the initiators of the bio energy projects during the management of their tasks: Which conditions and motives of the initiators affect the conversion process? Under which conditions do the initiators arrive their goal? Which cognitive abilities, strategies of motivation and experiences particularly are important? For the qualitative investigation of these questions, five initiators of German local bio energy projects were interviewed. The results of these interviews are presented by means of paradigm models. It could be shown that both the person of the initiator and the relation of the person to the environment crucially contribute to the conversion of local bio energy projects.

The hydrogen economy. When there is no more oil. The creation of the worldwide energy web and the redistribution of power on earth; Die H{sub 2}-Revolution. Wenn es kein Oel mehr gibt. Mit neuer Energie fuer eine gerechte Weltwirtschaft

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Rifkin, J.

2002-07-01

Wasserstoffenergienetz, um damit Energie untereinander tauschen zu koennen und mit Ueberschuessen handeln zu koennen, wird eine demokratische Reglobalisierung von unten bedeuten. Die Zeit der wenigen grossen Energiekonzerne wird von einer Epoche vieler kleiner, unabhaengiger Versorger abgeloest. Oekonomische, soziale und und oekologische Netzwerke werden entstehen als Teil eines gesamtweltlichen Organismus und ein neues Sicherheits- und Unabhaengigkeitsgefuehl aller Buerger hervorrufen. Die eindeutigen Vorteile von Wasserstoff bestehen darin, dass Wasserstoff ueberall existiert, unbegrenzt verfuegbar ist und keine schaedlichen Kohlendioxidemissionen produziert. Diese Energie wird auch erschwinglich fuer Laender, die heute keinen Zugang zu Energie und Wohlstand haben. Ja gerade die Entwicklungslaender koennten den ersten Schritt in die nachhaltige Wasserstoffnutzung machen mit Sonnenenergie als Katalysator. Die ersten Brennstoffzellen auf Waserstoff-Basis werden bereits vielseitig eingesetzt, jedoch ist die Wasserstofferzeugung immer noch teuer und der meiste Wasserstoff wird aus Erdgas und anderen fossilen Brennstoffen gewonnen. In absehbarer Zeit koennte Wasserstoff mit erneuerbaren Energien produziert und billiger werden. Selbst in den Vorstandsetagen fuehrender Energieunternehmen sowie bei politischen Entscheidungstraegern erfreut sich Jules Vernes Vision von einer Zukunft im Zeichen des Wasserstoffs grosser Aufmerksamkeit und sie bemuehen sich auch schon jetzt um.

Shale gas boom in the US. Technology - economy - environmental effects; Schiefergas-Boom in den USA. Technologie - Wirtschaftlichkeit - Umwelteffekte

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Meyer-Renschhausen, Martin; Klippel, Philipp

2017-09-01

Lieferungen der OPEC und Russlands zu verringern. Die Kritiker betonen dagegen die mit dem Fracking verbundenen Umweltrisiken und sehen in der Ausweitung der fossilen Energiebasis ein Hemmnis fuer den klimapolitisch erforderlichen Uebergang zu erneuerbaren Energien. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber betont die mit dem Fracking verbundenen Umweltrisiken und hat mit dem Fracking-Gesetzespaket vom 24. Juni 2016 das Fracking faktisch verboten. International werden die Vor- und Nachteile des Frackings allerdings sehr unterschiedlich bewertet, so dass mit einem weiteren Ausbau der unkonventionellen Oel- und Gasfoerderung zu rechnen ist. Derzeit konzentriert sich das Fracking fast ausschliesslich auf die USA. Zahllose Studien untersuchen die Potentiale, die Wirtschaftlichkeit der verschiedenen Gewinnungsverfahren sowie die Umwelteffekte. Die amerikanische Schiefergasfoerderung bietet daher ein hervorragendes Anschauungsobjekt, um die Technologie, ihre Wirtschaftlichkeit und ihre Folgen abzuschaetzen. Das vorliegende Buch wertet die aktuellen Studien und Daten aus und leistet einen Beitrag zur Einschaetzung der laengerfristigen energiewirtschaftlichen und klimapolitischen Bedeutung der Schiefergasgewinnung im internationalen Rahmen.

In the wind of change. The wind power as pacesetters and guide to a fast turn to renewable energies; Im Wind des Wandels. Die Windkraft als Schrittmacher und Wegweiser zu einer schnellen Wende zu Erneuerbaren Energien

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Scheer, H.; Alt, F.

2007-07-01

All renewable energy potentials (water power, bioenergy, wave power, geothermal energy) clearly are widespread as oil, natural gas, coal or uranium. For these potentials there are natural, spatial restrictions. In contrast to this, there exist any spatial restrictions for solar power and wind force. Under this aspect, the author of the contribution under consideration reports on wind force as a pacesetter and guide to a fast turn to renewable energy. Solar energy and wind energy have two crucial advantages of realizations: (a) The solar power plants and wind power plants can be installed faster than all other plants for generation of electrical power; (b) Solar power plants and wind power plants enable a radical shortening and simplification for the power supply. The generation and supply of electricity from solar power and wind power are also economically undefeatable. It is not a utopia to increase the contribution of the wind energy at the German power generation on basis of the renewable energy law in few years on over 40 %. The thesis, a further development of the wind power only is possible with offshore installations, because no suitable locations are present in the inland, is not correct. The emphasis of the use of wind power must remain with onshore plants. A broad dispersion of wind power plants should have priority, because the grid entrance is more easily realizable. The political attention must be directed toward the overcoming of the permission obstacles. Wind energy enables the passing of electricity from the shade of atomic and fossil power supply.

Market and system integration of renewable energy sources. A legal analysis of the regulations for direct marketing in the EEG 2012; Markt- und Systemintegration der Erneuerbaren-Energien. Eine rechtliche Analyse der Regeln zur Direktvermarktung im EEG 2012

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Lehnert, Wieland [Kanzlei Becker Buettner Held, Berlin (Germany)

2012-07-01

The EEG 2012 presents optional funding instruments for direct marketing of EEG electricity, in particular a market bonus and a flexibility bonus. The author presents the new regulation for direct marketing in the EEG 2012, in consideration of the practice in energy law. Important aspects are a systematic integration of the new specifications in energy law and an analysis of their contents. Effects on the practice of energy management are investigated, as well as the chances and risks connected with implementation by the energy market partners.

Intelligent and efficient use of renewable energy sources in Saxonia and Czech Republic. Technical, economic and legal aspects; Intelligenter und effizienter Einsatz von (er)neu(erbar)en Energien in Sachsen und Tschechien. Technische, wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Aspekte

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Gramlich, Ludwig; Orantek, Kerstin (eds.)

2011-07-01

Within the meeting in Oberwiesenthal (Federal Republic of Germany) between 30th September and 02nd October, 2011, the following lectures were held: (a) Utilization of renewable energy sources in Czech Republic (Martin Neruda); (b) Scenarios of energy and ecology development in the next 20 years (Behumir Stedron); (c) Climatic protection and emission trading (Rainer Wolf); (d) Nuclear energy - suicide mission or glimmer of hope (Michael Hietschold); (e) Energetic questions in areas near to the area (Martin Maslaton); (f) Climatic protection and renewable energy sources in the Vogtland district - State of the art and problems (Tobias Pohl); (g) Complex reconstruction of plate buildings - economic and energetic potential (Jan Antonin); (h) Ecologic forms of traffic and their preferential treatment in metropolises (Jana Halirova); (i) Utilization of renewable energy sources in air traffic (Rosina Kasica); (j) Smart Metering - on the way to an economical technology? (Uwe Goetze); (k) Integration of an enhanced number of electric vehicles in the low voltage network (Jens Teuscher); (l) Intelligent electric cars and the concept of green energy (Zdenek Votruba); (m) Smart grids under the conditions of Czech Republic (Petr Marecek); (n) Possibilities of utilization of nuclear power plants as a source for a central heat supply of neighbouring agglomerations - with focus on Czech Republic (Tomas Kralik).

Aactor GT - Development of an inverse gas-turbine that uses renewable energy sources and industrial waste heat - Phase 2; Aactor GT - Entwicklung einer Inversen Gasturbine 'Aactor' zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energie und industrieller Abwaerme. Phase 2 - Schlussbericht

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Schmid, M.

2009-09-15

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the results of the second phase of the development of a small-scale gas turbine that can use lean gas. The aim of this project phase - the design of a project development unit (PDU) for a micro-turbine with a nominal grid feeding power of 2.4 kWe is discussed. Parallel to this work, peripheral components such as burner and recovery device shall also be designed, produced and tested in the laboratories of the Swiss Center for Appropriate Technology and Social Ecology. The burner is specially designed for the combustion of lean gases. The goals of the following project phase, including the production and field-testing of the unit are discussed. On the basis of this PDU, a prototype lean gas micro-turbine with 9 kWe electrical generation power is to be derived. Project goals, work done and results obtained are reviewed, as is further work to be done.

Coal's role in worldwide energy supply. Reaching the climate protection goals with renewable energies and coal as a partner; Die Rolle der Kohle fuer die weltweite Energieversorgung. Klimaschutzziele erreichen mit erneuerbaren Energien und Kohle als Partner

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Schiffer, Hans-Wilhelm [World Energy Council, London (United Kingdom). World Energy Resources; Thielemann, Thomas [RWE Power AG, Koeln (Germany)

2016-04-01

In 2014, coal covered 30 % of the global consumption of primary energy. More than 40 % of the worldwide electricity production were based on coal. This makes coal the second most important source for primary energy - after oil. Looking at the types of energy sources used for electricity production, coal ranks first, before gas and renewables. The latter two both have a share of 23 % each. Coal is thus making a key contribution to the security of energy supply and to the affordability of energy. Coal is securing the competitiveness of industry. With the use of advanced technologies, coal can contribute to the compatibility of energy supply with the goals of environmental and climate protection.

Requirements of the integration of renewable energy into network charge regulation. Proposals for the further development of the network charge system. Final report; Anforderungen der Integration der erneuerbaren Energien an die Netzentgeltregulierung. Vorschlaege zur Weiterentwicklung des Netzentgeltsystems. Endbericht

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Friedrichsen, Nele; Klobasa, Marian; Marwitz, Simon [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Hilpert, Johannes; Sailer, Frank [Stiftung Umweltenergierecht, Wuerzburg (Germany)

2016-11-15

In this project we analyzed options to advance the network tariff system to support the German energy transition. A power system with high shares of renewables, requires more flexibility of supply and demand than the traditional system based on centralized, fossil power plants. Further, the power networks need to be adjusted and expanded. The transformation should aim at system efficiency i.e. look at both generation and network development. Network tariffs allocate the network cost towards network users. They also should provide incentives, e.g. to reduce peak load in periods of network congestion. Inappropriate network tariffs can hinder the provision of flexibility and thereby become a barrier towards system integration of renewable. Against this background, this report presents a systematic review of the German network tariff system and a discussion of several options to adapt the network tarif system in order to support the energy transition. The following aspects are analyzed: An adjustment of the privileges for industrial users to increase potential network benefits and reduce barriers towards a more market oriented behaviour. The payments for avoided network charges to distributed generation, that do not reflect cost reality in distribution networks anymore. Uniform transmission network tariffs as an option for a more appropriate allocation of cost associated with the energy transition. Increased standing fees in low voltage networks as an option to increase the cost-contribution of users with self-generation to network financing. Generator tariffs, to allocate a share of network cost to generators and provide incentives for network oriented location choice and/or feed-in.

Back to the green jewel. After a period of using fossil fuels, Costa Rica is returning to renewable energy sources; Zurueck zum gruenen Juwel. Nach einem Ausflug zu den fossilen Brennstoffen kehrt Costa Rica zurueck zu den erneuerbaren Energien

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Bosworth, Melissa

2010-07-15

For more than two decades now, Costa Rica has been a Mecca for eco-tourists. Deep rainforests, empty beeches and an incredible variety of species have made the country into one of the forerunners of sustainability. This picture was marred by the fact that fossil fuels were getting more attention by the government recently. Now, however, Costa Rica is returning to renewable energy sources which had already supplied 100 percent of the country's total power. The government is even considering reimbursement tariffs for solar power. (orig.)

Rural district of Harz tests electricity supply of the future. Exploiting potential of renewable energies with virtual power plants, load management and electronic market platforms; Landkreis Harz erprobt Stromversorgung der Zukunft. Mit virtuellem Kraftwerk, Lastmanagement und elektronischer Marktplattform erneuerbare Potenziale ausschoepfen

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Friedrich, Uwe

2012-07-01

Regions with a large proportion of renewable energies offer particularly good prerequisites for testing out future decentralised supply systems. In the rural district of Harz, one of six model regions in the German government's E-Energy programme, more than 20 partners from various sectors of the electricity industry have developed technologies and business models for smart grids. Four municipal utility companies and two distribution network operators were involved in their implementation. The four-year RegModHarz research project, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, will be completed at the beginning of 2013. (orig.)

Investigations of the corrosion behaviour of special heat exchanging materials in sodium acetate trihydrate melt for the application latent heat storage; Untersuchungen des Korrosionsverhaltens ausgewaehlter Waermeaustauscherwerkstoffe in Natriumacetat-Trihydrat-Schmelze fuer den Anwendungsfall Latentwaermespeichersysteme

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Brandt, B.; Stimming, U. [ZAE Bayern, Walter-Meissner-Str. 6, 87748 Garching (Germany)

2004-06-01

die verstaerkte Nutzung der z. T. unregelmaessig anfallenden regenerativen Energien sowie von Abwaerme. Der besondere Vorteil der Latentwaermespeicherung besteht in der hohen Energiespeicherdichte, die bei ausgewaehlten Speichermaterialien am Schmelzpunkt erreicht werden kann, und die daraus resultierende Platzeinsparung sowie die nahezu konstante Temperatur. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe bei der Entwicklung solcher Speichersysteme ist die Erhoehung der Langzeitstabilitaet, speziell die Korrosionsstabilitaet ausreichend waermeleitfaehiger Metalle, die als Waermeaustauschermaterial verwendet werden. Das Waermeaustauschermaterial hat dabei die Funktion, die Waerme oder Kaelte von einem Waermeuebertragungsmedium, z. B. Wasser, das die Energie von einer externen Quelle aufgenommen hat, auf das Speichermaterial zu uebertragen. Bei den Speichermaterialien hat sich das Natriumacetetat-Trihydrat mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 58 C als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Eine wichtige Aufgabe war daher die Untersuchung des Korrosionsverhaltens und die Ableitung geeigneter Waermeaustauschermaterialien. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden wichtige Ergebnisse der Untersuchung ausgewaehlter Metalle bei 80 C in Natriumacetat-Trihydrat-Schmelze vorgestellt. Dem analysenreinen Natriumacetat-Trihydrat wurden ausserdem gezielt die korrosionsbeeinflussenden Verunreinigungen Chlorid, Sulfat und Karbonat, die im wesentlich preisguenstigeren Salzhydrat technischer Qualitaet vorkommen koennen, zugesetzt. Darueber hinaus wurde der Zusatz von Grafit (zur Erhoehung der Waermeleitfaehigkeit) sowie der Zutritt von Luft untersucht. Aus den Untersuchungen wurden mehrere, fuer den genannten Anwendungsfall besonders aussichtsreiche Metalle abgeleitet. (Abstract Copyright [2004], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions by means of expansion, information technological cross-linking and grid optimization of plans for the utilization of decentral, fluctuating and renewable energy in Germany; CO{sub 2}-Emissionsminderung durch Ausbau, informationstechnische Vernetzung und Netzoptimierung von Anlagen dezentraler, fluktuierender und erneuerbarer Energienutzung in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lanz, Marco; Fricke, Barbara; Anthrakidis, Anette [FH Aachen (DE). Solar-Institut Juelich

2011-11-15

The German energy system is currently in a state of extensive transformation, which is primarily driven by the set of problems stemming from fossil energy sources and nuclear fuels being a finite resource and the largely unsolved problems arising from their use and the waste products and by-products that are generated through this use. An important goal of the pursued transformation of the German energy system, which has already been set in motion, is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - in particular carbon dioxide, which is a by-product of the provision of the effective energies electricity and heat. Renewable energy sources and - in a transitional phase - decentralised fossil energy sources are to be used as alternatives to conventional fuels. But the question arises of the extent to which basic structural characteristics of the existing energy supply system should change: not only could the provision of electricity in Germany, which has been produced in large centralised power plants up to now, be decentralised, but also regulatory entities and the power marketplaces on which decentralised demand and supply are coordinated. This analysis examines - on the basis of a comprehensive description of the different system components on which the modelling of a specific distribution grid is based - the extent to which decentralisation of the German energy system can contribute to the reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions. To this end the dimensions of a possible decentralisation and their complex interactions are examined: - Basic framework conditions of policy and the energy industry for this decentralisation and the sub-markets of the electricity sector, which have already started to change, partly as a result of the increasing share of fluctuating production. In future the sub-markets are to play an important role in equalising fluctuating production; - Questions related to the integration of decentralised and renewable production, above all in terms of their integration in the grid and energy system; and - The potentials of possible CO{sub 2} emission abatements brought about by the interweaving and flexibilisation on the part of consumers and producers, on the one hand, and promotion of the expansion of decentralised power plant capacities on the other hand. (orig.)

OPTIMARKT. Reduction of the global warming potential (GWP) and saving of non renewable energy sources (PE{sub ne}) of food retail supermarkets within Austria; Optimarkt. Energieverbrauch und Treibhauspotenzial von Supermaerkten. Reduktion des Treibhauspotenzials (GWP) und Einsparung von nicht erneuerbarer Primaerenergie (PE{sub ne}) in Supermaerkten des Lebensmitteleinzelhandels in Oesterreich

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hofer, Gerald [Hauser GmbH, Wien (Austria)

2010-06-15

This article shows how integrated building engineering on a supermarket works. With analysing of two reference supermarkets as a definition of the standard in Austria, will be made an identification of parameters for energy and ecology. After that a benchmarking with an optimised building called OPTIMARKT will take place. Due optimising of the building shell, illumination, refrigerated cabinets and system, ventilation, heating and cooling system of the building the consumption of non renewable energy and global warming. (orig.)

Impact of flattening-filter-free radiation on the clonogenic survival of astrocytic cell lines

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Steenken, Caroline; Fleckenstein, Jens; Kegel, Stefan; Jahnke, Lennart; Simeonova, Anna; Hartmann, Linda; Kuebler, Jens; Veldwijk, Marlon R.; Wenz, Frederik; Herskind, Carsten; Giordano, Frank Anton [Universitaetsmedizin Mannheim (UMM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mannheim (Germany)

2015-07-15

Bestrahlung mit Flattening-Filter; FLAT). Wir untersuchten daher die Effekte von FFF und FLAT auf das klonogene Ueberleben von Astrozytomzelllinien. Drei Zelllinien (U251, U251-MGMT und U87) wurden mit konventioneller (FLAT) und FFF-Technik mit Photonen zweier Energien (6 und 10 MV) in Einzeldosen von 2-12 Gy und mit Dosisleistungen von 0,5-24 Gy/min bestrahlt. Die Ueberlebensraten wurden mittels Colony-Assay nach dem linear-quadratischen Modell errechnet. Fuer alle Bestrahlungen wurde ein spezieller Versuchsaufbau mit Positionierung der Zellen auf einem 1 x 1 cm{sup 2} Areal in der Zentralachse eines 30 x 30 cm{sup 2} Feldes gewaehlt. Die applizierten Dosen und Dosisraten wurden mit einer PTW 0,3 cm{sup 3} Ionisationskammer gemessen. Die RBW wurde fuer FFF in Bezug auf FLAT berechnet. Verglichen mit FLAT lag die RBW von FFF bei Dosen von 7.3-11.3 Gy fuer 6 und 10 MV bei 1,027 ± 0,013 und 1,063 ± 0,018 und war nur signifikant hoeher als 1 fuer 10 MV. Bei niedrigeren Dosisraten (0,5 Gy/min FLAT vs. 5 Gy/min FLAT) und hohen Einzeldosen (11.9 Gy) wurden signifikant erhoehte Ueberlebensraten gesehen. Im Gegensatz dazu waren keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede mehr nachweisbar, wenn die Dosisraten bei 1.4 Gy/min und hoeher lagen (1,4 Gy/min FFF vs. 14 Gy/min FFF und 2,4 Gy/min FFF vs. 24 Gy/min FFF). Verglichen mit FLAT zeigte FFF in unserem Modell eine nur marginal erhoehte RBW. Die Technik wird daher sehr wahrscheinlich keinen klinisch relevanten Einfluss auf das Outcome haben. (orig.)

The new renewable energy regulation of the European Union of 2009. Is there a reorientation in te question of the promotional programs since the regulation of 2001?; Die neue erneuerbare Energie-Richtlinie der EU von 2009. Zeigt sich seit der Richtlinie von 2001 ein Umdenken bei der Frage der Foerdersysteme?

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Lauber, Volkmar; Schenner, Elisa [Salzburg Univ. (Austria). Fachbereich Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie

2009-12-15

The authors of the contribution under consideration report on the new renewable energy regulation of the European Union of the year 2009. In particular, it is examined whether there is a reorientation with the question of promotional programs since the regulation of 2001. The first chapter of this contribution is an introduction to the problem and formulates hypotheses. In the second chapter, the analytic framework for the research is described which orientates itself at the interpretive methods of the politics field analysis. The third chapter fills the theoretical framework with experience and lights up the structural preconditions of the political controversies as well as the two politics processes (1996-2001 and 2007-2009).

Sustainability analysis. Development of various indicators of sustainability for technical environmental analysis and evaluation of local heat supply networks on the basis of regenerative energies in comparison to fossil energy sources; Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse. Entwicklung verschiedener Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren zur umwelttechnischen Analyse und Bewertung von Nahwaermeversorgungsnetzen auf Basis regenerativer Energien im Vergleich zu fossilen Energietraegern

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Hehenberger-Risse, Diana

2013-06-15

The aim of this thesis is to define indicators to evaluate local heat supply systems based on renewable energy compared to fossil energy reference scenarios. With these indicators a assessment matrix was developed as a planning instrument for the realization of sustainable and energy-efficient local heat supply systems. Further inferences from single projects on regions can be done. In these thesis a method was developed to assess the sustainability of local heat supply systems with the focus on ecology under consideration of economically and social aspects. This method uses a set of indicators composed of Input-, Output-, Efficiency- and Balance indicators. To realize advancement in comparison to present situations, an environmental quality target to advance the environmental impacts of minimum 75% was defined. For the developing and application of the indicators different examples from projects and scenarios of combined heat production from Biomass, Biogas, Solar heat combined with near-surface geothermal storage; geothermal energy and fossil peakload supply were calculated. These scenarios were related to a basis fossil energy scenario. Overall, the two district heating projects Speichersdorf and Mitterteich were compared. In this case, the project Speichersdorf with different coverage areas and decrease heat densities was investigated. The lengths of electrical grid of two areas are 10,828 m and 6,027 m. Those were opposed to the biomass district-heating project Mitterteich with a grid length of 360 m and a higher heat density decrease. Furthermore, a scenario for heat supply was designed and calculated using geothermal plant operating in duplicate to provide heat to the large coverage area for the storage project village. The calculation of the various processes and scenarios was performed with the program GEMIS 4.8 based on the total heat generated (final energy) by the respective supply type. The study examined the main system components; boilers, solar heat collectors, geothermal energy storage, geothermal heat system and the distribution network. For this purpose, a life cycle assessment / life cycle analysis based on using the above indicators of energy and the emissions were calculated. To determine what fraction of energy and emissions are caused of the district heating network itself, the heat supply variants listed in Figure 93 were calculated with and without distribution network and geothermal storage. The results of the individual indicators were grouped under the collective term environmental impacts. For each indicator a weighted rating system was developed, normalized and scaled to kWh. Hence, the balance sheet indicator ''avoided environmental impacts'' was developed to demonstrate the overall results and for assessment the compliance with the environmental quality objective. By the dimensionless scaling between -1 and 1 the best value is negative and the worst value is positive. The emissions therefore have positive values and both indicators efficiency and value creation have a negative value and therefore considered positive in the overall assessment. The results of the environmental impact of different heat supply scenarios based on the evaluation of the designed system are shown in Figure 93. The variant V1OlGas is the reference scenario of decentralized plants on district heating supply based on oil and natural gas in comparison to the following variants: V2: biomass and fuel oil peak load, V2a: biomass, biogas and fuel oil peak load, V3 Solark40: biomass, 40% solar fraction, oil peak load, V4Solar20: biomass, 20% solar fraction and oil peak load V4aBGSolar20: biomass, biogas, 20% solar fraction and oil peak load V6 Geoth: geothermal plant with fuel oil peak load Mitterteich: biomass, natural gas peak load The term mNetz in Figure 93 illustrates the result of each heat supply variant with heat distribution network. The abbreviation mNetzSo contains in addition to heat generation and heat network the component geothermal reservoir storage (aquifer). The calculation for the respective heating network was based on plastic jacket pipe and HDPE pipe for the probe of the geothermal storage.

Energy conservation in urban areas in the framework of a sustainable transportation concept

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shahin, M.

2001-07-01

study. In addition, two commercial software programs are used: (1) a computer-aided transport planning called 'VISUM' established at the PTV Systems Software and Constructing GmbH Karlsruhe-Germany, and (2) a computer-aided interactive system called 'DYNAMIS' established at the Institute for Transportation, Railways Construction and Operation of Hannover University, Hannover-Germany. Moreover and for the aim of assisting the developing countries to produce energy and emission models, the German-Swiss emissions model 'Handbuch der Emissionsfaktoren des Strassenverkehrs 1999' is studied, explained and examined. Also, a new approach was developed, within the framework of this study, 'Push-down and Push-up' with the aim of sustainable energy consumption in the transport sector. Finally, the application illustrates the technical, environmental, and economical benefits of the sustainable transport concept. (orig.) [German] Unsere Lebensqualitaet haengt in grossem Masse vom Verkehr ab. Verkehr ermoeglicht eine individuelle Freiheit und Unabhaengigkeit fuer den Transport von Personen und Guetern in modern entwickelten Wirtschaftssystemen. Allerdings treten durch den Verkehr auch eine Vielzahl von unerwnschten Nebenwirkungen auf. Der Verkehrssektor ist einer der groessten Energieverbraucher (hauptsaechlich fossiler Brennstoffe). Die entstehenden Emissionen fuehren sowohl zu negativen lokalen Beeintraechtigungen der Gesundheit wie auch zu einer Erhoehung der CO{sub 2}-Konzentrationen weltweit, die eine entscheidende Rolle fuer das Klima der Erde spielen. Zudem ist der Verkehrssektor weiterhin verantwortlich fuer eine Reihe gesellschaftlicher Probleme, wie beispielsweise Flaechenverbrauch und Verkehrssicherheit. Die steigende Motorisierung in einer bestehendem staedtischen Infrastruktur ist heutzutage nicht nachhaltig. Petroleumtreibstoffe, von denen heute noch fast alle Verkehrssysteme abhaengig sind, sind nicht erneuerbar. Zusammenfassend

Consequences of the feed-in management for the marketing of electric power from renewable energies. Are limited generators financially shut-down according to paragraph 13 par. 4 EnWG; Folgen des Einspeisemanagements fuer die Vermarktung von Strom aus Erneuerbaren Energien. Werden zwangsweise abgeregelte Erzeuger nach paragraph 13 Abs. 4 EnWG bilanziell glattgestellt?

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Soetebier, Jan [Bundesnetzagentur, Bonn (Germany)

2012-09-15

With the expansion of renewable energies, the network capacities on windy and sunny days are becoming scarce. If the capacities are not sufficient in order to accommodate all the electricity, conventional power plants and subordinately plants for the power generation from renewable plants have to be closed. What are the consequences of a compulsory curtailment for the marketing of the electric power? This question basically raised for conventional power plants as well as supply remunerated and directly exploited renewable energy plants. From this perspective, the author of this contribution reports on the impact on the stock marketing of the supply remunerated electric power from renewable energy sources according to the balancing mechanism of the Renewable Energy Law.

Climate-friendly electromobility. Financial obstacles to the market introduction by 2020; Klimafreundliche Elektromobilitaet. Finanzielle Huerden zur Markteinfuehrung bis 2020

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Kortlueke, Norbert; Pieprzyk, Bjoern

2010-05-15

Batteriekosten nicht so stark absinken. Bei einem Batteriepreis von 500 Euro/kWh und einem moderaten Energiepreisanstieg auf 100 US${sub 2008}/Barrel Oel im Jahr 2020 erhoeht sich das benoetigte Foerdervolumen auf bis zu 2,7 Milliarden Euro. Eine Foerderung einzelner Fahrzeugklassen ist auch noch nach 2020 notwendig. Im Jahr 2020 vermeiden eine Million Elektrofahrzeuge - abhaengig vom Anteil Erneuerbaren Energien am Bruttostromverbrauch - zwischen 1,14 und 2,1 Millionen t Treibhausgase (CO{sub 2eq}) und zwischen 320 und 790 Millionen Euro/a fossiler Energieimporte. (orig.)

The industrial own consumption in the Renewable Energy Law according to the EEG amendment 2012. At the same time a comment to the decisions of OLG Frankfurt from 13th March and 25th April 2012; Der industrielle Eigenverbrauch im Recht der erneuerbaren Energien nach der EEG-Novelle 2012. Zugleich eine Anmerkung zu den Beschluessen des OLG Frankfurt vom 13. Maerz und 25. April 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strauch, Boris [Salans LLP, Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Wustlich, Guido [Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU), Berlin (Germany). Referat ' ' Recht der Energiewende und der Erneuerbaren Energien (Strom)' '

2012-12-15

For some time, the EEG apportionment exhibits a considerable importance to many companies. Nevertheless, the EEG appointment actually increases the electricity price by 5,277 Ct/kWh in 2013. The legislator is aware of the economic significance, and thus has implemented the special equalization scheme (paragraph paragraph 40 ff. EEG) for the electricity-intensive industry. The many years of a regulatory shadowy existence of the industrial own consumption effectuated a large creativity in the legal advisory and economic advisory practice: Business models should be developed in order to avoid the burden due to the EEG appointment. Those models have to be perceived with great care. The authors of the contribution under consideration report on the legal proceedings 21 U 41/11 of the Higher Regional Court Frankfurt/Main (Federal Republic of Germany) in order to consider the industrial own consumption more fundamentally. For this purposes, also the practised structuring models are presented and evaluated legally.

Sociography of rural energy projects. A comparative explorative research on rural and participative initiatives for the development of regional energy infra-structures using renewable energy technologies at the example of seven case studies in one German Federal Land; Soziographie laendlicher Energieprojekte. Eine vergleichende explorative Untersuchung ueber laendliche partizipative Initiativen zur Entwicklung regionaler Energie-Infrastrukturen mittels regenerativer Energien am Beispiel von sieben Kommunen in einem neuen Bundesland

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Kunze, Conrad

2011-11-28

The energy shift is researched in this study as a broad societal process from a sociological perspective. As cutting edge developments are found in geographical and social niches, seven advanced and ambitious ''energy-regions'' were selected in rural areas as case studies. The paradigm of energy-autonomy (or autarky) or the 100% self sustaining region was researched as a yet young developmental path by using qualitative methods. Energy autarky or autonomy is understood as the goal to supply a region completely with heat and electricity from renewable sources. This has rather seldom been completely realised due to its high requirements. This study describes the hindrances, stages of development and typical problems as well as factors which allow to resolve them. A comparision of the case studies results in a theoretical model, to explain the success of single initiatives and partially allow for predictions. The thesis is deduced that the technical and economical infra-structures of renewable energy-regions adapt on the long term to the given social structure. Furthermore the diffusion of the ''energy-region'' is caused by the level of social capital. Due to the interdependency of social and technical complexity, the energy shift means for the countryside most of all a social and organisational challenge. This study describes the different strategies of involved actors and their constellations to one another. (orig.)

Novel Organic Materials for Multi-photon Photopolymerization and Photografting: Powerful Tools for Precise Microfabracation and Functionalization in 3D

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Z.

2013-07-01

Drei-Photonen-Anregung gegraftet. Um die Grafting-Effizienz zu erhöhen und die benötigten Energien zu senken, entwickelten wir eine Serie neuer 2PA-aktiver Fluoraryl-Azide die 'push-pull'-Strukturen beinhalten. Gewünschte Funktionalitäten wie Alken- und Alkin-Gruppen wurden in den terminalen Amino-Gruppen eingeführt um eine Postmodifikation nach dem Zwei-Photonen-Photografting zu ermöglichen. (author)