Geometrical treatment of non-potential interactions: the exterior variational calculus, dynamical systems, physical 1-forms and variational selfadjointness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Trostel, R.

1982-01-01

A mathematical objective of this paper is to provide geometrical formulation of the integrability conditions for the existence of an action functional, that is, to provide a geometrical counterpart (similar to that by Abraham, Marsden, and Hughes) of the variational and functional approach to self-adjointness. This objective is achieved via the exterior variational calculus, an exterior differential calculus on the vector space of functions depending on time or space time, using from the outset extensively the concept of functional differentiation as its foundation. Variational self-adjointness equals the variational closure of the physical 1-form, the vanishing of a generalized curl-operation applied to the equations of motion. The convenience of this more formal approach is demonstrated, not only when deriving the conditions of variational self-adjointness for materials of differential type of arbitrary order (particles or fields), using roughly no more than Dirac's delta-distributions, but also when treating materials of a broader class (including causal and acausal constitutive functionals, materials of rate type, integral type, etc.). A physical objective of this paper is achieved by pointing out that, as physics is primarily concerned with the solutions of the evolution equations, i.e., with the set of the zero points of the physical 1-form, an equivalence relation among the physical 1-forms on the infinite dimensional vector space of functions is constructed by leaving the set of their zero points unchanged. Using this result, a direct Lagrangian universality is indicated and an almost one presented. Moreover, all physical 1-forms connected by invertible supermatrices (thus mixing the evolution law of different times or space-time) are equivalent. Choosing these supermatrices to be diagonal in time or space-time yields the indirect analytical representation factors

A Probabilistic Model for Exteriors of Residential Buildings

KAUST Repository

Fan, Lubin; Wonka, Peter

2016-01-01

We propose a new framework to model the exterior of residential buildings. The main goal of our work is to design a model that can be learned from data that is observable from the outside of a building and that can be trained with widely available

40 CFR 205.55-5 - Labeling-exterior. [Reserved

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Labeling-exterior. [Reserved] 205.55-5 Section 205.55-5 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT NOISE EMISSION CONTROLS Medium and Heavy Trucks § 205.55-5 Labeling...

A Probabilistic Model for Exteriors of Residential Buildings

KAUST Repository

Fan, Lubin

2016-07-29

We propose a new framework to model the exterior of residential buildings. The main goal of our work is to design a model that can be learned from data that is observable from the outside of a building and that can be trained with widely available data such as aerial images and street-view images. First, we propose a parametric model to describe the exterior of a building (with a varying number of parameters) and propose a set of attributes as a building representation with fixed dimensionality. Second, we propose a hierarchical graphical model with hidden variables to encode the relationships between building attributes and learn both the structure and parameters of the model from the database. Third, we propose optimization algorithms to generate three-dimensional models based on building attributes sampled from the graphical model. Finally, we demonstrate our framework by synthesizing new building models and completing partially observed building models from photographs.

An application of the Maslov complex germ method to the one-dimensional nonlocal Fisher-KPP equation

Science.gov (United States)

Shapovalov, A. V.; Trifonov, A. Yu.

A semiclassical approximation approach based on the Maslov complex germ method is considered in detail for the one-dimensional nonlocal Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (Fisher-KPP) equation under the supposition of weak diffusion. In terms of the semiclassical formalism developed, the original nonlinear equation is reduced to an associated linear partial differential equation and some algebraic equations for the coefficients of the linear equation with a given accuracy of the asymptotic parameter. The solutions of the nonlinear equation are constructed from the solutions of both the linear equation and the algebraic equations. The solutions of the linear problem are found with the use of symmetry operators. A countable family of the leading terms of the semiclassical asymptotics is constructed in explicit form. The semiclassical asymptotics are valid by construction in a finite time interval. We construct asymptotics which are different from the semiclassical ones and can describe evolution of the solutions of the Fisher-KPP equation at large times. In the example considered, an initial unimodal distribution becomes multimodal, which can be treated as an example of a space structure.

Initial boundary-value problem for the spherically symmetric Einstein equations with fluids with tangential pressure.

Science.gov (United States)

Brito, Irene; Mena, Filipe C

2017-08-01

We prove that, for a given spherically symmetric fluid distribution with tangential pressure on an initial space-like hypersurface with a time-like boundary, there exists a unique, local in time solution to the Einstein equations in a neighbourhood of the boundary. As an application, we consider a particular elastic fluid interior matched to a vacuum exterior.

Excavationless Exterior Foundation Insulation Exploratory Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mosiman, G.; Wagner, R.; Schirber, T.

2013-02-01

The key objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the feasibility of the development or adoption of technologies that would enable a large percentage of existing homes in cold climates to apply a combination 'excavationless' soil removal process with appropriate insulation and water management on the exterior of existing foundations at a low cost. Our approach was to explore existing excavation and material technologies and systems to discover whether potential successful combinations existed.

The number of zero solutions for complex canonical differential equation of second order with constant coefficients in the first quadrant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vujaković Jelena

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The study of complex differential equations in recent years has opened up some of questions concerning the determination of the frequency of zero solutions, the distribution of zero, oscillation of the solution, asymptotic behavior, rank growth and so on. Besides, this is solved by only some classes of differential equations. In this paper, our aim was to determine the number of zeros and their arrangement in the first quadrant, for the complex canonical differential equation of the second order. The accuracy of our results, we illustrate with two examples.

Exterior LED Lighting Projects at Princeton University

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davis, Robert G. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Evans, William [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Murphy, Arthur T. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Perrin, Tess E. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

2015-10-01

For this report, PNNL / the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) studied a series of past exterior lighting projects at Princeton, in order to document Princeton’s experiences with solid-state lighting (SSL) and the lessons learned along the way, and to show how their approach to SSL projects evolved as their own learning expanded and as the products available improved in performance and sophistication.

Exterior domain problems and decomposition of tensor fields in weighted Sobolev spaces

OpenAIRE

Schwarz, Günter

1996-01-01

The Hodge decompOsition is a useful tool for tensor analysis on compact manifolds with boundary. This paper aims at generalising the decomposition to exterior domains G ⊂ IR n. Let L 2a Ω k(G) be the space weighted square integrable differential forms with weight function (1 + |χ|²)a, let d a be the weighted perturbation of the exterior derivative and δ a its adjoint. Then L 2a Ω k(G) splits into the orthogonal sum of the subspaces of the d a-exact forms with vanishi...

PT-symmetry breaking in complex nonlinear wave equations and their deformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavaglia, Andrea; Fring, Andreas; Bagchi, Bijan

2011-01-01

We investigate complex versions of the Korteweg-deVries equations and an Ito-type nonlinear system with two coupled nonlinear fields. We systematically construct rational, trigonometric/hyperbolic and elliptic solutions for these models including those which are physically feasible in an obvious sense, that is those with real energies, but also those with complex energy spectra. The reality of the energy is usually attributed to different realizations of an antilinear symmetry, as for instance PT-symmetry. It is shown that the symmetry can be spontaneously broken in two alternative ways either by specific choices of the domain or by manipulating the parameters in the solutions of the model, thus leading to complex energies. Surprisingly, the reality of the energies can be regained in some cases by a further breaking of the symmetry on the level of the Hamiltonian. In many examples, some of the fixed points in the complex solution for the field undergo a Hopf bifurcation in the PT-symmetry breaking process. By employing several different variants of the symmetries we propose many classes of new invariant extensions of these models and study their properties. The reduction of some of these models yields complex quantum mechanical models previously studied.

Exteriorization or in-situ repair, comparison of options for uterine repair at cesarean delivery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zafar, B.; Shehzad, F.; Safdar, C.A.

2016-01-01

Objective of study is to compare peri-operative complications between exteriorization and intraabdominal repair of uterus after cesarean delivery. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt, from 1st April 2010 to 30th September 2010. Material and Methods: Patients planned for 1st cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated by lottery method to exteriorized (A) or in situ uterine repair (B) group. Patients with history of uterine surgeries and cesarean section were excluded from study. Variables analyzed were operation time, peri-operative hemoglobin (Hb) fall, nausea and vomiting during the cesarean delivery. Results: The study analyzed 170 patients and divided them in 2 groups, having no significant difference with respect to maternal demographics, procedure statistics and indication of cesarean section. Significant difference was observed in operation time being 32.78 min in exteriorized group and 36.38 min in situ uterine repair group (p-value 0.0001). Hb percent fall was 0.85 g/dl and 0.92 g/dl respectively in both groups (p-value 0.62) Nausea and vomiting was 23.5 percent in group A and 11.8 percent in group B (p-value 0.02, 0.04 respectively) Conclusion: Peri-operative complications like operative time and Hb fall are less in uterine repair after temporary exteriorization as compared to intra-abdominal repair of uterus after cesarean delivery. Nausea and vomiting were increased in exteriorized group but proper regional anesthetic technique and achieving adequate analgesia can reduce patient discomfort. (author)

Port exteriorization appendectomy in children: An alternative to the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction Laparoscopic appendectomy is usually performed using an intracorporeal approach. The conventional procedure uses three ports. The port exteriorization appendectomy uses two trocars to perform the entire procedure and can be considered an efficient alternative to the conventional approach, especially in ...

Dromion-like structures and stability analysis in the variable coefficients complex Ginzburg–Landau equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wong, Pring; Pang, Li-Hui; Huang, Long-Gang; Li, Yan-Qing; Lei, Ming; Liu, Wen-Jun

2015-01-01

The study of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, which can describe the fiber laser system, is of significance for ultra-fast laser. In this paper, dromion-like structures for the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation are considered due to their abundant nonlinear dynamics. Via the modified Hirota method and simplified assumption, the analytic dromion-like solution is obtained. The partial asymmetry of structure is particularly discussed, which arises from asymmetry of nonlinear and dispersion terms. Furthermore, the stability of dromion-like structures is analyzed. Oscillation structure emerges to exhibit strong interference when the dispersion loss is perturbed. Through the appropriate modulation of modified exponent parameter, the oscillation structure is transformed into two dromion-like structures. It indicates that the dromion-like structure is unstable, and the coherence intensity is affected by the modified exponent parameter. Results in this paper may be useful in accounting for some nonlinear phenomena in fiber laser systems, and understanding the essential role of modified Hirota method

Higher derivative discontinuous solutions to linear ordinary differential equations: a new route to complexity?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datta, Dhurjati Prasad; Bose, Manoj Kumar

2004-01-01

We present a new one parameter family of second derivative discontinuous solutions to the simplest scale invariant linear ordinary differential equation. We also point out how the construction could be extended to generate families of higher derivative discontinuous solutions as well. The discontinuity can occur only for a subset of even order derivatives, viz., 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th,.... The solutions are shown to break the discrete parity (reflection) symmetry of the underlying equation. These results are expected to gain significance in the contemporary search of a new dynamical principle for understanding complex phenomena in nature

Discrete exterior calculus approach for discretizing Maxwell's equations on face-centered cubic grids for FDTD

Science.gov (United States)

Salmasi, Mahbod; Potter, Michael

2018-07-01

Maxwell's equations are discretized on a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattice instead of a simple cubic as an alternative to the standard Yee method for improvements in numerical dispersion characteristics and grid isotropy of the method. Explicit update equations and numerical dispersion expressions, and the stability criteria are derived. Also, several tools available to the standard Yee method such as PEC/PMC boundary conditions, absorbing boundary conditions, and scattered field formulation are extended to this method as well. A comparison between the FCC and the Yee formulations is made, showing that the FCC method exhibits better dispersion compared to its Yee counterpart. Simulations are provided to demonstrate both the accuracy and grid isotropy improvement of the method.

Realization of FRC interior and exterior furniture

Science.gov (United States)

Šonka, Š.; Frantová, M.; Štemberk, P.; Havrda, J.; Janouch, P.

2017-09-01

This article deals with the implementation of fibre reinforced concrete for interior and exterior furniture. The use of fibre reinforced concrete for non-traditional and small structures brings some specifics in design and realization. These are, in particular, the design of a suitable mixture, the choice of the shape of the structure in relation to the technological possibilities of realization, the static effects and finally the actual production of the element.

Selection and application of exterior stains for wood

Science.gov (United States)

R. Sam. Williams; William C. Feist

1999-01-01

Exterior stains for wood protect the wood surface from sunlight and moisture. Because stains are formulated to penetrate the wood surface, they are not prone to crack or peel as can film-forming finishes, such as paints. This publication describes the properties of stains and wood, methods for applying stains, and the expected service life of stains.

Child-directed marketing inside and on the exterior of fast food restaurants.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam; Isgor, Zeynep; Rimkus, Leah; Powell, Lisa M; Barker, Dianne C; Chaloupka, Frank J

2015-01-01

Children who eat fast food have poor diet and health outcomes. Fast food is heavily marketed to youth, and exposure to such marketing is associated with higher fast food consumption. To examine the extent of child-directed marketing (CDM) inside and on the exterior of fast food restaurants. Data were collected from 6,716 fast food restaurants located in a nationally representative sample of public middle- and high-school enrollment areas in 2010, 2011, and 2012. CDM was defined as the presence of one or more of seven components inside or on the exterior of the restaurant. Analyses were conducted in 2014. More than 20% of fast food restaurants used CDM inside or on their exterior. In multivariate analyses, fast food restaurants that were part of a chain, offered kids' meals, were located in middle- (compared to high)-income neighborhoods, and in rural (compared to urban) areas had significantly higher odds of using any CDM; chain restaurants and those located in majority black neighborhoods (compared to white) had significantly higher odds of having an indoor display of kids' meal toys. Compared to 2010, there was a significant decline in use of CDM in 2011, but the prevalence increased close to the 2010 level in 2012. CDM inside and on the exterior of fast food restaurants is prevalent in chain restaurants; majority black communities, rural areas, and middle-income communities are disproportionately exposed. The fast food industry should limit children's exposure to marketing that promotes unhealthy food choices. Copyright © 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fire propagation over combustible exterior facades exposed to intensified flame in Japan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nishio Yuhei

2016-01-01

Full Text Available With regard to fire safety for exterior walls of a building, fire-resistance performance is considered, according to the current Building Standard Law of Japan. And it was revealed that the fire safety is not specifically regulated from the viewpoint of reaction-to-fire performance, such as fire propagation caused by combustible materials or products installed on the exterior side of fire-resistant load-bearing walls. Actual fire incidents in the world have shown that massive façade fire could occur at the exterior side of building wall even when the wall itself is fire resistant. In previous studies of the authors, a test method of façade fire was proposed for evaluating the vertical fire propagation over an external wall within the same building [1,2]. Based on these studies, new domestic standard test method was established in Japan as JIS A 1310: 2015, “Test method for fire propagation over building façades” at the end of January 2015 [3]. But there was the argument that heat output of burner inside the combustion chamber was not sufficiently high in the previous study. In this paper, results of fire tests on combustible façades are discussed from the viewpoints of different strength of flame exposing facade. In this research, it was clearly found that JIS A 1310 with heat output of 900kW could be applicable for evaluating fire propagation behaviour over various types of combustible exterior façades.

La dolarización y su incidencia en el Comercio Exterior Ecuatoriano.

OpenAIRE

Tanicuchi, Jorge Arturo

2004-01-01

En razón de que la economía ecuatoriana depende en gran medida del desempeño de su comercio exterior, así como del funcionamiento del esquema de la dolarización, surge, entonces, la necesidad de comprender una serie de inquietudes en torno a este delicado tema, especialmente en lo concerniente al ¿cómo está respondiendo la dolarización a las necesidades del comercio exterior del país, al sector de los exportadores e importadores y a la economía nacional misma?; ¿cómo está...

Acción exterior de la Unión Europea: UE-Rusia

OpenAIRE

Martín Garzón, Jorge

2017-01-01

El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido desarrollar las competencias de la UE en materia de acción exterior, así como su alcance sobre un tercer Estado, la Federación Rusa. Se parte de la identificación de la UE como sujeto con personalidad jurídica y un régimen jurídico propio. Se va a especificar las instituciones y organismos competentes que desarrollan las políticas exteriores. Después se analiza la estructura de la Federación Rusa junto con sus relaciones con la UE. ...

Equation-free model reduction for complex dynamical systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Maitre, O. P.; Mathelin, L.; Le Maitre, O. P.

2010-01-01

This paper presents a reduced model strategy for simulation of complex physical systems. A classical reduced basis is first constructed relying on proper orthogonal decomposition of the system. Then, unlike the alternative approaches, such as Galerkin projection schemes for instance, an equation-free reduced model is constructed. It consists in the determination of an explicit transformation, or mapping, for the evolution over a coarse time-step of the projection coefficients of the system state on the reduced basis. The mapping is expressed as an explicit polynomial transformation of the projection coefficients and is computed once and for all in a pre-processing stage using the detailed model equation of the system. The reduced system can then be advanced in time by successive applications of the mapping. The CPU cost of the method lies essentially in the mapping approximation which is performed offline, in a parallel fashion, and only once. Subsequent application of the mapping to perform a time-integration is carried out at a low cost thanks to its explicit character. Application of the method is considered for the 2-D flow around a circular cylinder. We investigate the effectiveness of the reduced model in rendering the dynamics for both asymptotic state and transient stages. It is shown that the method leads to a stable and accurate time-integration for only a fraction of the cost of a detailed simulation, provided that the mapping is properly approximated and the reduced basis remains relevant for the dynamics investigated. (authors)

Complex dynamics in Duffing-Van der Pol equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jing Zhujun; Yang, Zhiyan; Jiang Tao

2006-01-01

Duffing-Van der Pol equation with fifth nonlinear-restoring force and two external forcing terms is investigated. The threshold values of existence of chaotic motion are obtained under the periodic perturbation. By second-order averaging method and Melnikov method, we prove the criterion of existence of chaos in averaged system under quasi-periodic perturbation for ω 2 nω 1 + εσ, n = 1, 3, 5, and cannot prove the criterion of existence of chaos in second-order averaged system under quasi-periodic perturbation for ω 2 = nω 1 + εσ, n = 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, where σ is not rational to ω 1 , but can show the occurrence of chaos in original system by numerical simulation. Numerical simulations including heteroclinic and homoclinic bifurcation surfaces, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent, phase portraits and Poincare map, not only show the consistence with the theoretical analysis but also exhibit the more new complex dynamical behaviors. We show that cascades of interlocking period-doubling and reverse period-doubling bifurcations from period-2 to -4 and -6 orbits, interleaving occurrence of chaotic behaviors and quasi-periodic orbits, transient chaos with a great abundance of period windows, symmetry-breaking of periodic orbits in chaotic regions, onset of chaos which occurs more than one, chaos suddenly disappearing to period orbits, interior crisis, strange non-chaotic attractor, non-attracting chaotic set and nice chaotic attractors. Our results show many dynamical behaviors and some of them are strictly departure from the behaviors of Duffing-Van der Pol equation with a cubic nonlinear-restoring force and one external forcing

Discrete Green’s functions for propagators between complex objects in discrete space-time nonlinear electromagnetics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Arnold, J.M.; Hon, de B.P.; Graglia, R.D.

2007-01-01

We propose a potential-based form of the FDTD scheme, with potentials driven by sources that are themselves simple dynamical systems. This formulation admits a radiative boundary condition for the discrete-mesh Maxwell's equations in a multiply connected exterior domain, which facilitates

Relations between nonlinear Riccati equations and other equations in fundamental physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schuch, Dieter

2014-01-01

Many phenomena in the observable macroscopic world obey nonlinear evolution equations while the microscopic world is governed by quantum mechanics, a fundamental theory that is supposedly linear. In order to combine these two worlds in a common formalism, at least one of them must sacrifice one of its dogmas. Linearizing nonlinear dynamics would destroy the fundamental property of this theory, however, it can be shown that quantum mechanics can be reformulated in terms of nonlinear Riccati equations. In a first step, it will be shown that the information about the dynamics of quantum systems with analytical solutions can not only be obtainable from the time-dependent Schrödinger equation but equally-well from a complex Riccati equation. Comparison with supersymmetric quantum mechanics shows that even additional information can be obtained from the nonlinear formulation. Furthermore, the time-independent Schrödinger equation can also be rewritten as a complex Riccati equation for any potential. Extension of the Riccati formulation to include irreversible dissipative effects is straightforward. Via (real and complex) Riccati equations, other fields of physics can also be treated within the same formalism, e.g., statistical thermodynamics, nonlinear dynamical systems like those obeying a logistic equation as well as wave equations in classical optics, Bose- Einstein condensates and cosmological models. Finally, the link to abstract ''quantizations'' such as the Pythagorean triples and Riccati equations connected with trigonometric and hyperbolic functions will be shown

El Internacionalismo de Theodore Roosevelt : el excepcionalismo enérgico de su política exterior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Fco. Ramos Josa

2012-01-01

Full Text Available el objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el legado político de Theodore Roosevelt bajo la perspectiva de su política exterior y demostrar así su vigencia en pleno siglo XXI, tanto por su influencia en la evolución del pensamiento político estadounidense como por sus propias características. T. Roosevelt fue el primer Presidente en abandonar el unilateralismo aislacionista en materia de política exterior, para colocar a Estados Unidos en la senda internacionalista que hoy le caracteriza, de ahí que sea imprescindible analizar su pensamiento político en lo relativo a la política exterior. El excepcionalismo enérgico fue la respuesta elaborada por T. Roosevelt para resolver la ecuación formulada por el ascenso de Estados Unidos a potencia mundial y su tradicional retraimiento a la hora de participar en los asuntos mundiales. A partir de entonces y bajo su impulso, comenzó un debate que está lejos de resolverse sobre qué papel debe desempeñar Estados Unidos en la comunidad internacional y cómo debe desempeñarlo.the aim of this article is to study the polical legacy of Theodore Roosevelt under the perspective of his foreign policy and to show its relevance in the XXI century, both for his influence in the evolution of the american political thought and for its own characteristics. T. Roosevelt was the first President who dropped out the isolationist unilateralism in the realm of foreign policy, in order to put America in the internationalist path, hence it is essential to analyze his political thought relating to foreign policy. The strenuous internationalism was the answer that T. Roosevelt devised to settle the equation formulated by the rise of the United States to a world power status and its traditional shyness to be an active player in foreign affaires. Since then, and under his impetus, a debate was started that is far from being resolved about which is the rol that America should play in the internacional community and how

Being the corresponding accents of red in one interior and one exterior as

OpenAIRE

Sandeva, Vaska; Despot, Katerina; Namicev, Petar; Ignatov, Aleksandar

2013-01-01

What is the emphasis in the interior and what is exterior accent? Thair next goal is to attract attention and to clarify the answer to his location i.e. to highlight the special effect of the composition, which we have set. The color is the emphasis that has been selected for analysis. From the color palette, accent color is red, a primary color and while contrast to green or color that represented 60% of the exterior and is dominant. Ability of the human eye to focus and take depending on th...

A numerical method for solving the 3D unsteady incompressible Navier Stokes equations in curvilinear domains with complex immersed boundaries

Science.gov (United States)

Ge, Liang; Sotiropoulos, Fotis

2007-08-01

A novel numerical method is developed that integrates boundary-conforming grids with a sharp interface, immersed boundary methodology. The method is intended for simulating internal flows containing complex, moving immersed boundaries such as those encountered in several cardiovascular applications. The background domain (e.g. the empty aorta) is discretized efficiently with a curvilinear boundary-fitted mesh while the complex moving immersed boundary (say a prosthetic heart valve) is treated with the sharp-interface, hybrid Cartesian/immersed-boundary approach of Gilmanov and Sotiropoulos [A. Gilmanov, F. Sotiropoulos, A hybrid cartesian/immersed boundary method for simulating flows with 3d, geometrically complex, moving bodies, Journal of Computational Physics 207 (2005) 457-492.]. To facilitate the implementation of this novel modeling paradigm in complex flow simulations, an accurate and efficient numerical method is developed for solving the unsteady, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized curvilinear coordinates. The method employs a novel, fully-curvilinear staggered grid discretization approach, which does not require either the explicit evaluation of the Christoffel symbols or the discretization of all three momentum equations at cell interfaces as done in previous formulations. The equations are integrated in time using an efficient, second-order accurate fractional step methodology coupled with a Jacobian-free, Newton-Krylov solver for the momentum equations and a GMRES solver enhanced with multigrid as preconditioner for the Poisson equation. Several numerical experiments are carried out on fine computational meshes to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for standard benchmark problems as well as for unsteady, pulsatile flow through a curved, pipe bend. To demonstrate the ability of the method to simulate flows with complex, moving immersed boundaries we apply it to calculate pulsatile, physiological flow

Inclined asymmetric librations in exterior resonances

Science.gov (United States)

Voyatzis, G.; Tsiganis, K.; Antoniadou, K. I.

2018-04-01

Librational motion in Celestial Mechanics is generally associated with the existence of stable resonant configurations and signified by the existence of stable periodic solutions and oscillation of critical (resonant) angles. When such an oscillation takes place around a value different than 0 or π , the libration is called asymmetric. In the context of the planar circular restricted three-body problem, asymmetric librations have been identified for the exterior mean motion resonances (MMRs) 1:2, 1:3, etc., as well as for co-orbital motion (1:1). In exterior MMRs the massless body is the outer one. In this paper, we study asymmetric librations in the three-dimensional space. We employ the computational approach of Markellos (Mon Not R Astron Soc 184:273-281, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/184.2.273, 1978) and compute families of asymmetric periodic orbits and their stability. Stable asymmetric periodic orbits are surrounded in phase space by domains of initial conditions which correspond to stable evolution and librating resonant angles. Our computations were focused on the spatial circular restricted three-body model of the Sun-Neptune-TNO system (TNO = trans-Neptunian object). We compare our results with numerical integrations of observed TNOs, which reveal that some of them perform 1:2 resonant, inclined asymmetric librations. For the stable 1:2 TNO librators, we find that their libration seems to be related to the vertically stable planar asymmetric orbits of our model, rather than the three-dimensional ones found in the present study.

Equations of motion in phase space

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broucke, R.

1979-01-01

The article gives a general review of methods of constructing equations of motion of a classical dynamical system. The emphasis is however on the linear Lagrangian in phase space and the corresponding form of Pfaff's equations of motion. A detailed examination of the problem of changes of variables in phase space is first given. It is shown that the Linear Lagrangian theory falls very naturally out of the classical quadratic Lagrangian theory; we do this with the use of the well-known Lagrange multiplier method. Another important result is obtained very naturally as a by-product of this analysis. If the most general set of 2n variables (coordinates in phase space) is used, the coefficients of the equations of motion are the Poisson Brackets of these variables. This is therefore the natural way of introducing not only Poisson Brackets in Dynamics formulations but also the associated Lie Algebras and their important properties and consequences. We give then several examples to illustrate the first-order equations of motion and their simplicity in relation to general changes of variables. The first few examples are elementary (the harmonic Oscillator) while the last one concerns the motion of a rigid body about a fixed point. In the next three sections we treat the first-order equations of motion as derived from a Linear differential form, sometimes called Birkhoff's equations. We insist on the generality of the equations and especially on the unity of the space-time concept: the time t and the coordinates are here completely identical variables, without any privilege to t. We give a brief review of Cartan's 2-form and the corresponding equations of motion. As an illustration the standard equations of aircraft flight in a vertical plane are derived from Cartan's exterior differential 2-form. Finally we mention in the last section the differential forms that were proposed by Gallissot for the derivation of equations of motion

Reconstruction of extended sources for the Helmholtz equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kress, Rainer; Rundell, William

2013-01-01

The basis of most imaging methods is to detect hidden obstacles or inclusions within a body when one can only make measurements on an exterior surface. Our underlying model is that of inverse acoustic scattering based on the Helmholtz equation. Our inclusions are interior forces with compact support and our data consist of a single measurement of near-field Cauchy data on the external boundary. We propose an algorithm that under certain assumptions allows for the determination of the support set of these forces by solving a simpler ‘equivalent point source’ problem, and which uses a Newton scheme to improve the corresponding initial approximation. (paper)

Reconstruction of extended sources for the Helmholtz equation

KAUST Repository

Kress, Rainer

2013-02-26

The basis of most imaging methods is to detect hidden obstacles or inclusions within a body when one can only make measurements on an exterior surface. Our underlying model is that of inverse acoustic scattering based on the Helmholtz equation. Our inclusions are interior forces with compact support and our data consist of a single measurement of near-field Cauchy data on the external boundary. We propose an algorithm that under certain assumptions allows for the determination of the support set of these forces by solving a simpler \\'equivalent point source\\' problem, and which uses a Newton scheme to improve the corresponding initial approximation. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Implementation of a complex multi-phase equation of state for cerium and its correlation with experiment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cherne, Frank J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jensen, Brian J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Elkin, Vyacheslav M [VNIITF

2009-01-01

The complexity of cerium combined with its interesting material properties makes it a desirable material to examine dynamically. Characteristics such as the softening of the material before the phase change, low pressure solid-solid phase change, predicted low pressure melt boundary, and the solid-solid critical point add complexity to the construction of its equation of state. Currently, we are incorporating a feedback loop between a theoretical understanding of the material and an experimental understanding. Using a model equation of state for cerium we compare calculated wave profiles with experimental wave profiles for a number of front surface impact (cerium impacting a plated window) experiments. Using the calculated release isentrope we predict the temperature of the observed rarefaction shock. These experiments showed that the release state occurs at different magnitudes, thus allowing us to infer where dynamic {gamma} - {alpha} phase boundary is.

Development and Application of High-Cr Ferritic Stainless Steels as Building Exterior Materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Yeong H.; Lee, Yong H.; Lee, Yong D.

2008-01-01

Stainless Steels have been widely used as a building exterior materials in Asian countries for the last decade. It is required for the materials in this field to have an aesthetic appearance,a relatively high strength, and an excellent corrosion resistance. Other metallic materials such as copper, aluminum, and carbon steels have been also used as the exterior materials. Considering the cost of maintenance, stainless steel, having the outstanding corrosion resistance, is replacing other materials in the several parts in the building exteriors. Ferritic stainless steel has been applied as the roofing materials because its thermal expansion is much smaller than that of austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, it is suitable for the large-scale construction such as airport terminal, convention center, and football stadium. To improve the corrosion resistance of the ferritic stainless steels, the modification of alloy composition has been studied to develop new grade materials and the progress in the surface technology has been introduced. Corrosion properties, of these materials were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field for longer than two years. High-Cr ferritic stainless steel showed excellent corrosion resistance to the atmospheric environments. In the region close to the sea, the corrosion resistance of high-Cr ferritic stainless steel was much superior to that of other materials, which may prove this steel to be the appropriate materials for the construction around seashore. In some of the large constructions around seashore in South Korea, high-Cr ferritic stainless steels have been used as the building exterior materials for six years

Development and Application of High-Cr Ferritic Stainless Steels as Building Exterior Materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Yeong H.; Lee, Yong H.; Lee, Yong D. [POSCO Technical Reseaarch Lab., Pohang (Korea, Republic of)

2008-12-15

Stainless Steels have been widely used as a building exterior materials in Asian countries for the last decade. It is required for the materials in this field to have an aesthetic appearance,a relatively high strength, and an excellent corrosion resistance. Other metallic materials such as copper, aluminum, and carbon steels have been also used as the exterior materials. Considering the cost of maintenance, stainless steel, having the outstanding corrosion resistance, is replacing other materials in the several parts in the building exteriors. Ferritic stainless steel has been applied as the roofing materials because its thermal expansion is much smaller than that of austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, it is suitable for the large-scale construction such as airport terminal, convention center, and football stadium. To improve the corrosion resistance of the ferritic stainless steels, the modification of alloy composition has been studied to develop new grade materials and the progress in the surface technology has been introduced. Corrosion properties, of these materials were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field for longer than two years. High-Cr ferritic stainless steel showed excellent corrosion resistance to the atmospheric environments. In the region close to the sea, the corrosion resistance of high-Cr ferritic stainless steel was much superior to that of other materials, which may prove this steel to be the appropriate materials for the construction around seashore. In some of the large constructions around seashore in South Korea, high-Cr ferritic stainless steels have been used as the building exterior materials for six years.

Configuración actual del comercio exterior en Galicia = Current foreign trade framework in Galicia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Placer Galán

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La reciente crisis económica y la contracción de la demanda interna han impulsado un creciente interés por los mercados exteriores. Esta investigación pretende caracterizar la configuración actual del comercio exterior de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, tanto en lo relativo a los productos como a los mercados geográficos de origen y destino. Para ello se emplean una serie de indicadores, ampliamente contrastados en la investigación económica, que permiten identificar: el grado de apertura de la economía provincial leonesa; la propensión exportadora y la dependencia importadora; el grado de concentración, por producto y mercados, de sus flujos comerciales exteriores; la especialización exportadora y la ventaja comparativa sectorial; la composición inter o intra-industrial del comercio exterior; y la distribución geográfica de los flujos comerciales de la economía gallega con los mercados exteriores. The recent economic crisis and internal demand contraction have encouraged the emerging interest in international markets. This study aims at featuring the current foreign trade framework of the Galicia, in regards to both import and export products and geographical markets. For that purpose, several indexes, widely verified in this study, have been utilized to identify the trade openness level of Leon economy, its export propensity, import dependence as well as the concentration level for products and internal trade flows. Leon export specialization, its comparative advantage by sector, the inter-intra-industry trade composition and geographical distribution of trade with international markets have been likewise included in this study.   Keywords: .

Selection of exterior wall using advantageousness comparison; Ulkoseinaen valinta elinkaariedullisuuden perusteella

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saari, A.; Vesa, M.

2001-07-01

The objective of the study was to clarify the advantageousness of six chosen exterior wall solutions and at the same time to produce the procedure the measurement of the advantageousness. The examined wall types were: (1) brick wall, (2) brick-wool-concrete wall, (2b) brick-wool-concrete wall (not plastered), (3) brick-wool-wood wall, (4) precast concrete wall, and (5) plaster-wool-concrete wall. The analysis was made to a residential construction project which is built in a frame municipality of the metropolitan area. Here the life cycle costs, environmental burdens, and other factors (the aesthetic character, image, a comfort and easy maintenance) have an affect to the advantageousness of exterior wall. The averages of appreciation of the seven members of the supervising body of this study were used as the weights of the aforementioned value factors in the comparison. The result of the analysis was that the unplastered brick-wool-concrete wall had the equal life cycle costs as the precast concrete wall (an annual cost FIM 70 per apartment floor area). They were superior in relation to other examined wall types. In turn the brick wall had the highest life cycle costs (an annual cost nearly FIM 200 per apartment floor area) from the examined wall solutions on the advantageousness measuring straightforwardly likewise. It was chosen for an examination time period for 50 years. Likewise the brick wall was the distinctly weakest solution eco-economically, irrespective of, how costs and environmental factors are weighted. The brick wall was both the most expensive and unecological from the examined exterior wall types. It had a weak ecological qualities because considerably more building material than to other examined wall types. Also it's thermal insulation capacity was the weakest. But if in the decision-making also the aesthetic character, image, the effect on the comfort, and easy maintenance of the exterior wall indeed are included in addition to the eco

La evolución de la política exterior China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Esteban Rodríguez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo sintetiza y analiza los principales cambios experimentados por la política exterior de la República Popular China desde su fundación en 1949 hasta la actualidad. Para explicar esas transformaciones se recurre fundamentalmente a tres variables (la política interna de China, las características del sistema internacional y el contexto de seguridad, que las autoridades chinas han interpretado influidas por tres componentes ideacionales: el comunismo, el nacionalismo y el pragmatismo. A modo de conclusión se subraya que, a pesar de sus vaivenes, la política exterior de Pekín ha mantenido tres objetivos fundamentales en las últimas siete décadas: modernización, reconocimiento internacional como gran potencia y reunificación nacional.

A dual exterior point simplex type algorithm for the minimum cost network flow problem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geranis George

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A new dual simplex type algorithm for the Minimum Cost Network Flow Problem (MCNFP is presented. The proposed algorithm belongs to a special 'exterior- point simplex type' category. Similarly to the classical network dual simplex algorithm (NDSA, this algorithm starts with a dual feasible tree-solution and reduces the primal infeasibility, iteration by iteration. However, contrary to the NDSA, the new algorithm does not always maintain a dual feasible solution. Instead, the new algorithm might reach a basic point (tree-solution outside the dual feasible area (exterior point - dual infeasible tree.

High-Order Finite-Difference Solution of the Poisson Equation Involving Complex Geometries in Embedded Meshes

Science.gov (United States)

Marques, Alexandre; Nave, Jean-Christophe; Rosales, Ruben

2011-11-01

The Poisson equation is of central importance in the description of fluid flows and other physical phenomena. In prior work, Marques, Nave, and Rosales introduced the Correction Function Method (CFM) to obtain fourth-order accurate solutions for the constant coefficient Poisson problem with prescribed jump conditions for the solution and its normal derivative across arbitrary interfaces. Here we combine this method with the ideas introduced by Mayo to solve other Poisson problems involving complex geometries. In summary, we are able to rewrite the problem as a boundary integral equation in terms of a potential distribution over the boundary or interface. The solution of this integral equation is discontinuous across the boundary or interface. Hence, after this integral equation is solved using standard techniques, the potential distribution can be used to determine the jump discontinuities. We are then able to use the CFM to solve the resulting Poisson equation with jump discontinuities. The outcome is a fourth-order accurate scheme to solve general Poisson problems which, over arbitrary geometries, has a cost that is approximately twice that of a fast Poisson solver using FFT on a rectangular geometry of the same size. Details of the method and applications will be presented.

Construction Guidelines for High R-Value Walls without Exterior Rigid Insulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arena, Lois B. [Steven Winter Associates, Inc., Norwalk, CT (United States). Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings

2016-07-13

High-R wall assemblies (R-40 and above) are gaining popularity in the market due to programs like the DOE's Zero Energy Ready Home program, Passive House (PH), Net Zero Energy Home (NZEH) challenges in several states, and highly incentivized retrofit programs. In response to this demand, several builders have successfully used 'double wall' systems to more practically achieve higher R-values in thicker, framed walls. To builders of conventional stick-framed homes, often one of the most appealing features of double wall systems is that there are very few new exterior details. Exterior sheathing, structural bracing, house wrap or building paper, window and door flashing, and siding attachment are usually identical to good details in conventional framed wall systems. The information presented in this guide is intended to reduce the risk of failure in these types of assemblies, increase durability, and result in a reduction of material brought to landfills due to failures and resulting decay. While this document focuses on double wall framing techniques, the majority of the information on how to properly construct and finish high R-value assemblies is applicable to all wall assemblies that do not have foam insulation installed on the exterior of the structural sheathing. The techniques presented have been shown through field studies to reduce the likelihood of mold growth and moisture related damage and are intended for builders, framing contractors, architects, and consultants involved in designing and building super insulated homes.

The Weathering Study of PC/ASA Alloy For Automotive Exterior Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sinan Öztürk

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Polycarbonates (PC are used in automotive industry due to high physical and mechanical properties like high impact resistance and ductility. Polycarbonates are blended with ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene and ASA (Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate terpolymers for interior and exterior applications of automotive components to achieve good physical and mechanical properties. Other reason for choosing such alloys for interior applications is the IZOD impact resistance requirement higher than 40kJ/m2. Recently, grades of PC/ASA with UV stabilized are developed for non-painted exterior applications. The aim of our study is to investigate whether new developed PC/ASA could be chosen for exterior applications of automotive industry. In this study, the samples are prepared from injection molding and the weathering performance of PC/ASA was tested by a weather-o-meter for 1500h at a total of 1890 kJ/m2 at 340nm with a cut-off filter at λ<290nm. The results are evaluated by FT-IR, DSC, TGA and SEM. It has been observed that UV degradation of PC/ASA leads to several major changes in its IR spectrum like broad bands occurred in the hydroxyl region around 3300 cm-1, and carbonyl stretching region increased around 1728 cm-1. The main degradations were based on photo-oxidation and photo-Fries rearrangement of PC. In our study, the photo-oxidation was followed by the color shift to yellowing of the polymer.

Variational integration for ideal magnetohydrodynamics with built-in advection equations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Yao; Burby, J. W.; Bhattacharjee, A. [Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 (United States); Qin, Hong [Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 (United States); Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)

2014-10-15

Newcomb's Lagrangian for ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in Lagrangian labeling is discretized using discrete exterior calculus. Variational integrators for ideal MHD are derived thereafter. Besides being symplectic and momentum-preserving, the schemes inherit built-in advection equations from Newcomb's formulation, and therefore avoid solving them and the accompanying error and dissipation. We implement the method in 2D and show that numerical reconnection does not take place when singular current sheets are present. We then apply it to studying the dynamics of the ideal coalescence instability with multiple islands. The relaxed equilibrium state with embedded current sheets is obtained numerically.

Variational Integration for Ideal MHD with Built-in Advection Equations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, Yao [Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Qin, Hong [Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Burby, J. W. [Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Bhattacharjee, A. [Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

2014-08-05

Newcomb's Lagrangian for ideal MHD in Lagrangian labeling is discretized using discrete exterior calculus. Variational integrators for ideal MHD are derived thereafter. Besides being symplectic and momentum preserving, the schemes inherit built-in advection equations from Newcomb's formulation, and therefore avoid solving them and the accompanying error and dissipation. We implement the method in 2D and show that numerical reconnection does not take place when singular current sheets are present. We then apply it to studying the dynamics of the ideal coalescence instability with multiple islands. The relaxed equilibrium state with embedded current sheets is obtained numerically.

Fractional generalization of the Ginzburg–Landau equation: an unconventional approach to critical phenomena in complex media

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Milovanov, A.V.; Juul Rasmussen, J.

2005-01-01

Equations built on fractional derivatives prove to be a powerful tool in the description of complex systems when the effects of singularity, fractal supports, and long-range dependence play a role. In this Letter, we advocate an application of the fractional derivative formalism to a fairly general...... class of critical phenomena when the organization of the system near the phase transition point is influenced by a competing nonlocal ordering. Fractional modifications of the free energy functional at criticality and of the widely known Ginzburg-Landau equation central to the classical Landau theory...... of second-type phase transitions are discussed in some detail. An implication of the fractional Ginzburg-Landau equation is a renormalization of the transition temperature owing to the nonlocality present. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....

Sustainable wall construction and exterior insulation retrofit technology process and structure

Science.gov (United States)

Vohra, Arun

2000-01-01

A low-cost process for exterior wall insulation retrofit, or new wall construction by stacking layers of fabric tube filled with insulating material against a wall and covering them with mesh and stucco provides a durable structure with good insulating value.

Los impuestos al comercio exterior en México en la era de las exportaciones, 1872-1930

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz María Uhthoff López

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la fiscalidad y el comportamiento del comercio exterior en los años de 1872 a 1930. Especial énfasis se hace en la normatividad de la política arancelaria y la relación entre la dinámica política, el sistema fiscal y los impuestos al comercio exterior. Durante este periodo se observa, por un lado, una continuidad entre el antiguo régimen y la etapa de la revolución: el comercio exterior se mantuvo, incluso algunas ramas experimentaron un gran desarrollo y, por lo tanto, los impuestos exteriores continuaron siendo importantes. No obstante, también se registró una tendencia a la baja en los impuestos provenientes de este sector, y una disminución de su importancia en el conjunto de los ingresos federales, lo que indica que existió entre los gobiernos de esos años, tanto de la primera como de la segunda etapa, la preocupación de no depender solamente de éstos, aumentando las fuentes alternativas de ingresos internos, como es el caso del impuesto del timbre y del impuesto sobre la renta.

A general solution of the BV-master equation and BRST field theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dayi, O.F.

1993-05-01

For a class of first order gauge theories it was shown that the proper solution of the BV-master equation can be obtained straightforwardly. Here we present the general condition which the gauge generators should satisfy to conclude that this construction is relevant. The general procedure is illustrated by its application to the Chern-Simons theory in any odd-dimension. Moreover, it is shown that this formalism is also applicable to BRST field theories, when one replaces the role of the exterior derivative with the BRST charge of first quantization. (author). 17 refs

Estrutura de informação sobre comércio exterior em Santa Catarina

OpenAIRE

Lino, Sônia Regina Lamego

2001-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico O trabalho tem como objetivo geral estudar a estrutura de informação sobre comércio exterior em Santa Catarina e o uso dessa estrutura de informação pelos usuários das médias empresas do setor moveleiro catarinense que exportam para o MERCOSUL. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) identificar as instituições públicas e privadas que mantêm estrutura de informações sobre comércio exterior em Santa Catarina; 2...

Minimizing and predicting delamination of southern plywood in exterior exposure

Science.gov (United States)

Peter Koch

1967-01-01

Southern pine plywood is substantially all being manufactured with phenolic glue for exterior use. Because panels must not delaminate in service, a reliable predictor of glueline durability is required. Drawing on the experience of the Douglas-fir plywood industry, southern manufacutrers have adopted as a predictor the percentage of wood failure(% WF) observed in...

Continuous and Lp estimates for the complex Monge-Ampère equation on bounded domains in ℂn

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick W. Darko

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Continuous solutions with continuous data and Lp solutions with Lp data are obtained for the complex Monge-Ampère equation on bounded domains, without requiring any smoothness of the domains.

Finding equilibrium in the spatiotemporal chaos of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation

Science.gov (United States)

Ballard, Christopher C.; Esty, C. Clark; Egolf, David A.

2016-11-01

Equilibrium statistical mechanics allows the prediction of collective behaviors of large numbers of interacting objects from just a few system-wide properties; however, a similar theory does not exist for far-from-equilibrium systems exhibiting complex spatial and temporal behavior. We propose a method for predicting behaviors in a broad class of such systems and apply these ideas to an archetypal example, the spatiotemporal chaotic 1D complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in the defect chaos regime. Building on the ideas of Ruelle and of Cross and Hohenberg that a spatiotemporal chaotic system can be considered a collection of weakly interacting dynamical units of a characteristic size, the chaotic length scale, we identify underlying, mesoscale, chaotic units and effective interaction potentials between them. We find that the resulting equilibrium Takahashi model accurately predicts distributions of particle numbers. These results suggest the intriguing possibility that a class of far-from-equilibrium systems may be well described at coarse-grained scales by the well-established theory of equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Effects of Exterior Insulation on Moisture Performance of Wood-Frame Walls in the Pacific Northwest: Measurements and Hygrothermal Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Samuel V. Glass; Borjen Yeh; Benjamin J. Herzog

2016-01-01

Continuous exterior insulation on above-grade walls is becoming more common in many parts of North America. It is generally accepted that exterior insulation provides advantages for energy performance, by reducing thermal bridging, and for moisture performance, by warming the wood structural members, thereby reducing the potential for wintertime moisture accumulation....

Fabrication of DNA nanotubes with an array of exterior magnetic nanoparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Rafati, Adele; Zarrabi, Ali; Gill, Pooria

2017-10-01

Described here a methodology for arraying of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the surface of DNA nanotubes (DNTs). Positioning of magnetic nanoparticles at exterior surface of DNTs were shaped after self-assembling of oligonucleotide staples within an M13mp18 DNA scaffold via an origami process. The staples were partially labeled with biotin to be arrayed at the surface of DNTs. Gel retardation assay of the DNTs carrying magnetic nanoparticles indicated a reversely behavioral electrophoretic movement in comparison to the nanotubes have been demonstrated previously. Also, high resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed positioning magnetic nanoparticles at the exterior surface of DNTs, correctly. Ultrastructural characteristics of these DNA nanotubes using atomic force microscopy demonstrated topographic heights on their surfaces formed through positioning of magnetic nanoparticles outside the tubules. This nanoarchitecture would be potential for multiple arraying of nanoparticles that those be useful as functionalized chimeric nanocarriers for developing novel nanodrugs and nanobiosensors. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Einstein-Cartan Theory of Gravitation: Kinematical Parameters and Maxwell Equations

Science.gov (United States)

Katkar, L. N.

2015-03-01

In the space-time manifold of Einstein-Cartan Theory (ECT) of gravitation, the expressions for the time-like kinematical parameters are derived and the propagation equation for expansion is obtained.It has been observed that when the spin tensor is u-orthogonal the spin of the gravitating matter has no influence on the propagation equation of expansion while it has influence when it is not u-orthogonal. The usual formula for the curl of gradient of a scalar function is not zero in ECT. So is the case with the divergence of the curl of a vector.Their expressions on the space-time manifold of ECT are derived. A new derivative operator d ∗ is introduced to develop the calculus on space-time manifold of ECT. It is obtained by taking the covariant derivative of an associated tensor of a form with respect to an asymmetric connections. We have used this differential operator to obtain the form of the Maxwell's equations in the ECT of gravitation. Cartan's equations of structure are also derived through the new derivative operator. It has been shown that unlike the consequences of exterior derivative in Einstein space-time, the repetition of d ∗ on a form of any degree is not zero.

Fractional Brownian motions via random walk in the complex plane and via fractional derivative. Comparison and further results on their Fokker-Planck equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jumarie, Guy

2004-01-01

There are presently two different models of fractional Brownian motions available in the literature: the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of white noise on the one hand, and the complex-valued Brownian motion of order n defined by using a random walk in the complex plane, on the other hand. The paper provides a comparison between these two approaches, and in addition, takes this opportunity to contribute some complements. These two models are more or less equivalent on the theoretical standpoint for fractional order between 0 and 1/2, but their practical significances are quite different. Otherwise, for order larger than 1/2, the fractional derivative model has no counterpart in the complex plane. These differences are illustrated by an example drawn from mathematical finance. Taylor expansion of fractional order provides the expression of fractional difference in terms of finite difference, and this allows us to improve the derivation of Fokker-Planck equation and Kramers-Moyal expansion, and to get more insight in their relation with stochastic differential equations of fractional order. In the case of multi-fractal systems, the Fokker-Planck equation can be solved by using path integrals, and the fractional dynamic equations of the state moments of the stochastic system can be easily obtained. By combining fractional derivative and complex white noise of order n, one obtains a family of complex-valued fractional Brownian motions which exhibits long-range dependence. The conclusion outlines suggestions for further research, mainly regarding Lorentz transformation of fractional noises

The effect of lighting exterior and interior design

OpenAIRE

Sandeva, Vaska; Despot, Katerina

2017-01-01

Light, whether natural or artificial is a very important element in interior and exterior design. It actually helps us to see color because color is visible to our eye because the substances of which was obtained reflect wavelengths of light. Light as an element of design influences other elements. It can make the space large or small, showy and bright or dark and unpleasant. Places that are well-lit with clean, clear light make the space seem larger, while the fading light and shadows ...

Source amplitudes for active exterior cloaking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norris, Andrew N; Amirkulova, Feruza A; Parnell, William J

2012-01-01

The active cloak comprises a discrete set of multipole sources that destructively interfere with an incident time harmonic scalar wave to produce zero total field over a finite spatial region. For a given number of sources and their positions in two dimensions it is shown that the multipole amplitudes can be expressed as infinite sums of the coefficients of the incident wave decomposed into regular Bessel functions. The field generated by the active sources vanishes in the infinite region exterior to a set of circles defined by the relative positions of the sources. The results provide a direct solution to the inverse problem of determining the source amplitudes. They also define a broad class of non-radiating discrete sources. (paper)

GATEWAY Demonstrations: Exterior LED Lighting Projects at Princeton University

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davis, Robert G. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Evans, WIlliam E. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Murphy, Arthur [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Perrin, Tess [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

2015-10-30

This report focuses on four exterior solid-state lighting projects that have been completed at Princeton since 2008, when the University adopted a comprehensive sustainability plan. Through these initial projects – which include a parking garage, a pedestrian path, and two parking lot installations – the school’s facilities engineering staff learned important lessons about SSL technology and gained experience in dealing with the rapidly changing landscape of lighting manufacturers and their suppliers.

La política exterior de Estados Unidos: una visión desde la periferia

OpenAIRE

Andrade A., Pablo

2004-01-01

Este artículo trata explica la forma como la política exterior de Estados Unidos persigue dos objetivos interrelacionados: primero, en el corto y mediano plazo consolidar y aumentar su predominio militar a nivel global y, segundo, en el largo plazo institucionalizar ese dominio en un orden político sumamente difícil –o costoso- de transformar. Así, la política exterior estadounidense hacia América Latina y, sobre todo, en relación con la Región Andina y más específicamente con el Ecuador debe...

Complex Monge–Ampère equations and geodesics in the space of Kähler metrics

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

The purpose of these lecture notes is to provide an introduction to the theory of complex Monge–Ampère operators (definition, regularity issues, geometric properties of solutions, approximation) on compact Kähler manifolds (with or without boundary). These operators are of central use in several fundamental problems of complex differential geometry (Kähler–Einstein equation, uniqueness of constant scalar curvature metrics), complex analysis and dynamics. The topics covered include, the Dirichlet problem (after Bedford–Taylor), Monge–Ampère foliations and laminated currents, polynomial hulls and Perron envelopes with no analytic structure, a self-contained presentation of Krylov regularity results, a modernized proof of the Calabi–Yau theorem (after Yau and Kolodziej), an introduction to infinite dimensional riemannian geometry, geometric structures on spaces of Kähler metrics (after Mabuchi, Semmes and Donaldson), generalizations of the regularity theory of Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg–Spruc...

Multi-point observations of Ion Dispersions near the Exterior Cusp with Cluster

Science.gov (United States)

Escoubet, C.-Philippe; Grison, Benjamin; Berchem, Jean; Trattner, Kralheinz; Pitout, Frederic; Richard, Robert; Taylor, Matt; Soucek, Jan; Laakso, Harri; Masson, Arnaud; Dunlop, Malcolm; Dandouras, Iannis; Reme, Henri; Fazakerley, Andrew; Daly, Patrick

2014-05-01

The exterior cusp is the most external region of the polar magnetosphere in direct contact with the plasma and the magnetic field from the solar wind. Unlike the rest of the magnetopause surface, the exterior cusp is a singular region with small and turbulent magnetic field and where large entry of plasma from solar origin takes place. The main process that injects solar wind plasma into the polar cusp is now generally accepted to be magnetic reconnection. Depending on the IMF direction, this process will take place equatorward (for IMF southward), poleward (for IMF northward) or on the dusk or dawn sides (for IMF azimuthal) of the cusp. We report a Cluster crossing on 5 January 2002 near the exterior cusp on the southern dusk side. The IMF was mainly azimuthal (IMF-By around -5 nT), the solar wind speed lower than usual around 280 km/s and the density around 5 cm-3. The four Cluster spacecraft were still in the "magnetotail" configuration with two perfect tetrahedra of 2000 km around apogee and turning into an elongated configuration near the magnetopause. C4 was the first spacecraft to enter the cusp around 19:52:04 UT, followed by C2 at 19:52:35 UT, C1 at 19:54:24 UT and C3 at 20:13:15 UT. C4 and C1 observed two ion energy dispersions at 20:10 UT and 20:40 UT and C3 at 20:35 UT and 21:15 UT. Using the time of flight technique on the upgoing and downgoing ions in the dispersions, we obtain an altitude of the sources of these ions between 14 and 20 RE. Using Tsyganenko model, these sources are located on the dusk flank, past the terminator. In addition, before entering the cusp, the magnetopause crossing was characterized by a large shear in By and bipolar plasma flows, suggesting that reconnection was taking place near the exterior cusp. We will discuss the extent of the reconnection line along the flank of the magnetopause based on these observations.

Behavior of Poisson Bracket Mapping Equation in Studying Excitation Energy Transfer Dynamics of Cryptophyte Phycocyanin 645 Complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Weon Gyu; Kelly, Aaron; Rhee, Young Min

2012-01-01

Recently, it has been shown that quantum coherence appears in energy transfers of various photosynthetic light harvesting complexes at from cryogenic to even room temperatures. Because the photosynthetic systems are inherently complex, these findings have subsequently interested many researchers in the field of both experiment and theory. From the theoretical part, simplified dynamics or semiclassical approaches have been widely used. In these approaches, the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE) is the fundamental starting point. Toward the semiclassical scheme, approximations are needed to simplify the equations of motion of various degrees of freedom. Here, we have adopted the Poisson bracket mapping equation (PBME) as an approximate form of QCLE and applied it to find the time evolution of the excitation in a photosynthetic complex from marine algae. The benefit of using PBME is its similarity to conventional Hamiltonian dynamics. Through this, we confirmed the coherent population transfer behaviors in short time domain as previously reported with a more accurate but more time-consuming iterative linearized density matrix approach. However, we find that the site populations do not behave according to the Boltzmann law in the long time limit. We also test the effect of adding spurious high frequency vibrations to the spectral density of the bath, and find that their existence does not alter the dynamics to any significant extent as long as the associated reorganization energy is changed not too drastically. This suggests that adopting classical trajectory based ensembles in semiclassical simulations should not influence the coherence dynamics in any practical manner, even though the classical trajectories often yield spurious high frequency vibrational features in the spectral density

Local density of states in two-dimensional topological superconductors under a magnetic field: Signature of an exterior Majorana bound state

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Shu-Ichiro; Kawaguchi, Yuki; Tanaka, Yukio

2018-04-01

We study quasiparticle states on a surface of a topological insulator (TI) with proximity-induced superconductivity under an external magnetic field. An applied magnetic field creates two Majorana bound states: a vortex Majorana state localized inside a vortex core and an exterior Majorana state localized along a circle centered at the vortex core. We calculate the spin-resolved local density of states (LDOS) and demonstrate that the shrinking of the radius of the exterior Majorana state, predicted in R. S. Akzyanov et al., Phys. Rev. B 94, 125428 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.125428, under a strong magnetic field can be seen in LDOS without smeared out by nonzero-energy states. The spin-resolved LDOS further reveals that the spin of the exterior Majorana state is strongly spin-polarized. Accordingly, the induced odd-frequency spin-triplet pairs are found to be spin-polarized as well. In order to detect the exterior Majorana states, however, the Fermi energy should be closed to the Dirac point to avoid contributions from continuum levels. We also study a different two-dimensional topological-superconducting system where a two-dimensional electron gas with the spin-orbit coupling is sandwiched between an s -wave superconductor and a ferromagnetic insulator. We show that the radius of an exterior Majorana state can be tuned by an applied magnetic field. However, on the contrary to the results at a TI surface, neither the exterior Majorana state nor the induced odd-frequency spin-triplet pairs are spin-polarized. We conclude that the spin polarization of the Majorana state is attributed to the spin-polarized Landau level, which is characteristic for systems with the Dirac-like dispersion.

The Wouthuysen equation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

M. Hazewinkel (Michiel)

1995-01-01

textabstractDedication: I dedicate this paper to Prof. P.C. Baayen, at the occasion of his retirement on 20 December 1994. The beautiful equation which forms the subject matter of this paper was invented by Wouthuysen after he retired. The four complex variable Wouthuysen equation arises from an

Análisis del yeso empleado en revestimientos exteriores mediante técnicas geológicas

OpenAIRE

Sanz Arauz, David

2011-01-01

El presente trabajo se centra en el yeso fabricado en hornos tradicionales y empleado históricamente para la ejecución de revestimientos exteriores. Para ello se realiza un estudio documental y un trabajo experimental mediante técnicas geológicas. En el estudio documental se ha pasado revisión a la historia del yeso como material de construcción con especial atención a su empleo en revestimientos exteriores, desde la antigüedad hasta mitad del siglo XX, momento en el que la industrializaci...

Análisis del yeso empleado en revestimientos exteriores mediante técnicas geológicas

OpenAIRE

Sanz Arauz, David

2009-01-01

El presente trabajo se centra en el yeso fabricado en hornos tradicionales y empleado históricamente para la ejecución de revestimientos exteriores. Para ello se realiza un estudio documental y un trabajo experimental mediante técnicas geológicas. En el estudio documental se ha pasado revisión a la historia del yeso como material de construcción con especial atención a su empleo en revestimientos exteriores, desde la antigüedad hasta mitad del siglo XX, momento en el que la industrializaci...

Solution of the Stokes system by boundary integral equations and fixed point iterative schemes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chidume, C.E.; Lubuma, M.S.

1990-01-01

The solution to the exterior three dimensional Stokes problem is sought in the form of a single layer potential of unknown density. This reduces the problem to a boundary integral equation of the first kind whose operator is the velocity component of the single layer potential. It is shown that this component is an isomorphism between two appropriate Sobolev spaces containing the unknown densities and the data respectively. The isomorphism corresponds to a variational problem with coercive bilinear form. The latter property allows us to consider various fixed point iterative schemes that converge to the unique solution of the integral equation. Explicit error estimates are also obtained. The successive approximations are also considered in a more computable form by using the product integration method of Atkinson. (author). 47 refs

Application of stochastic Liouville–von Neumann equation to electronic energy transfer in FMO complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imai, Hajime; Ohtsuki, Yukiyoshi; Kono, Hirohiko

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Stochastic Liouville–von Neumann equation is applied to energy transfer dynamics. • Noise generation methods for dealing with exciton in FMO complexes are proposed. • Structured spectral densities could better support coherent population dynamics. - Abstract: A stochastic Liouville–von Neumann approach to solving a spin-boson model is applied to electronic energy transfer in Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) complexes as a case study of the dynamics in biological systems. We modify a noise generation method to treat an experimentally obtained highly structured spectral density. By considering the population dynamics in a two-site system with a model structured spectral density, we numerically observe two kinds of coherent motions associated with inter-site coupling and system–bath coupling, the latter of which is mainly attributed to the peak structure of the spectral density

Asymptotically stable fourth-order accurate schemes for the diffusion equation on complex shapes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abarbanel, S.; Ditkowski, A.

1997-01-01

An algorithm which solves the multidimensional diffusion equation on complex shapes to fourth-order accuracy and is asymptotically stable in time is presented. This bounded-error result is achieved by constructing, on a rectangular grid, a differentiation matrix whose symmetric part is negative definite. The differentiation matrix accounts for the Dirichlet boundary condition by imposing penalty-like terms. Numerical examples in 2-D show that the method is effective even where standard schemes, stable by traditional definitions, fail. The ability of the paradigm to be applied to arbitrary geometric domains is an important feature of the algorithm. 5 refs., 14 figs

Índices de valor unitario y quantum del comercio exterior colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aarón Garavito

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los índices de valor unitario y quantum de las importaciones y exportaciones son una herramienta importante para el análisis del comportamiento del comercio exterior de un país y su repercusión sobre la economía nacional. Estos indicadores se usan principalmente como insumo para el estudio de los términos de intercambio, la competitividad externa y los efectos en la inflación interna de cambios en los precios internacionales. Dada su importancia, este artículo presenta la estimación mensual de los índices encadenados de precios y cantida¬des del comercio exterior colombiano con base en estadísticas de aduanas. La metodología propuesta sigue las reco¬mendaciones de los organismos internacionales (FMI, CAN, EUROSTAT con el fin de afrontar los problemas de agregación y volatilidad propios de la información utilizada. Se obtienen resultados tales como la descomposición en efecto precio y cantidad del valor de las importaciones y exportaciones y los términos de intercambio bilaterales.

Índices de valor unitario y quantum del comercio exterior colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aarón Garavito

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los índices de valor unitario y quantum de las importaciones y exportaciones son una herramienta importante para el análisis del comportamiento del comercio exterior de un país y su repercusión sobre la economía nacional. Estos indicadores se usan principalmente como insumo para el estudio de los términos de intercambio, la competitividad externa y los efectos en la inflación interna de cambios en los precios internacionales. Dada su importancia, este artículo presenta la estimación mensual de los índices encadenados de precios y cantidades del comercio exterior colombiano con base en estadísticas de aduanas. La metodología propuesta sigue las recomendaciones de los organismos internacionales (FMI, CAN, EUROSTAT con el fin de afrontar los problemas de agregación y volatilidad propios de la información utilizada. Se obtienen resultados tales como la descomposición en efecto precio y cantidad del valor de las importaciones y exportaciones y los términos de intercambio bilaterales

Project Overcoat - An Exploration of Exterior Insulation Strategies for 1-1/2-Story Roof Applications in Cold Climates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ojczyk, Cindy [NorthernSTAR Building America Partnership, St. Paul, MN (United States); Mosiman, Garrett [NorthernSTAR Building America Partnership, St. Paul, MN (United States); Huelman, Pat [NorthernSTAR Building America Partnership, St. Paul, MN (United States); Schirber, Tom [NorthernSTAR Building America Partnership, St. Paul, MN (United States); Yost, Peter [NorthernSTAR Building America Partnership, St. Paul, MN (United States); Murry, Tessa [NorthernSTAR Building America Partnership, St. Paul, MN (United States)

2013-04-01

The development of an alternative method to interior-applied insulation strategies or exterior applied 'band-aids' such as heat tapes and ice belts may help reduce energy needs of millions of 1-1/2 story homes while reducing the risk of ice dam formation. A potential strategy for energy improvement of the roof is borrowed from new construction best practices: Here an 'overcoat' of a continuous air, moisture, and thermal barrier is applied on the outside of the roof structure for improved overall performance. The continuous insulation of this approach facilitates a reduction in thermal bridging which could further reduce energy consumption and bring existing homes closer to meeting the Building America goals for energy reduction. Research favors an exterior approach to deep energy retrofits and ice dam prevention in existing homes. The greatest amount of research focuses on whole house deep energy retrofits leaving a void in roof-only applications. The research is also void of data supporting the hygrothermal performance, durability, constructability, and cost of roof-only exterior overcoat strategies. Yet, contractors interviewed for this report indicate an understanding that exterior approaches are most promising for mitigating ice dams and energy loss and are able to sell these strategies to homeowners.

Glossário terminológico de comércio exterior chinês/português

OpenAIRE

Yinping Liu

2006-01-01

A dissertação \\"Glossário Terminológico de Comércio Exterior\\" Chinês/ Português/Chinês tem por objetivo elaborar uma pesquisa terminográfica bilíngüe das unidades de conhecimento especializado relacionadas à área de comércio exterior relevantes para a relação Brasil-China, por meio da organização dessas unidades em um glossário terminológico. Inicialmente faz-se uma revisão da história cultural e comercial entre o mundo lusófono e o chinês com o objetivo de justificar a demanda de um trabalh...

Soft Power de Argentina : La política exterior del gobierno de Néstor Kirchner

OpenAIRE

Bravi, Bárbara

2016-01-01

La presente tesis tiene como punto de partida el interés que despertase una arista de estudio de las relaciones internacionales, más específicamente en el campo de la política exterior, y que tiene que ver con el poder simbólico. Este enfoque, como veremos más adelante, tiene de particular que no sólo aborda la praxis de la política exterior, con esto nos referimos a los hechos, o los resultados; sino que se enfoca en un tiempo anterior. De allí que no sólo importan los efectos y la...

Visualising the Roots of Quadratic Equations with Complex Coefficients

Science.gov (United States)

Bardell, Nicholas S.

2014-01-01

This paper is a natural extension of the root visualisation techniques first presented by Bardell (2012) for quadratic equations with real coefficients. Consideration is now given to the familiar quadratic equation "y = ax[superscript 2] + bx + c" in which the coefficients "a," "b," "c" are generally…

BWR fuel assembly having fuel rod spacers axially positioned by exterior springs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taleyarkhan, R.P.

1988-01-01

In a fuel assembly having spaced fuel rods, an outer hollow tubular flow channel surrounding the fuel rods so as to direct flow of coolant/moderator fluid there-along, and at least one spacer being disposed along the channel and about the fuel rods so as to maintain them in side-by-side spaced relationship, an arrangement for disposing the spacer in a desired axial position along the fuel rods is described comprising: yieldably resilient springs disposed between an interior side of the outer channel and an exterior side of the spacer. The springs have an inherent spring bias directed away from the exterior sides of the spacers and toward the interior side of the channel such that by contact with the channel and spacer the springs assume states in which they are deflected away from the channel interior side so as to exert sufficient compressive contacting force thereon to maintain the spacer substantially stationary in the desired axial position along the fuel rods

Importance of location and exterior of city hotels as elements of guest satisfaction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tepavčević Jelena

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Business practices and attitudes of tourists show that hospitality represents the primary factor in the development of urban tourism. It is considered that, besides the exclusive appearance, there is no business success for hotel properties without a proper location. It is known that a typical tourist would like to be close enough to tourist attractions, to be able to reach them on foot. This paper deals with the importance of location and exterior of urban hotels on guests decision on the selection and overall satisfaction with hotel products. The survey was conducted in the hotels two largest urban centers in Serbia (Belgrade and Novi Sad. The aim of the research is an insight into the real impact of location and exterior when assessing the guest satisfaction. Descriptive statistical analysis, t-test and regression analysis were used for statistical data processing.

Detection of Watermelon Seeds Exterior Quality based on Machine Vision

OpenAIRE

Xiai Chen; Ling Wang; Wenquan Chen; Yanfeng Gao

2013-01-01

To investigate the detection of watermelon seeds exterior quality, a machine vision system based on least square support vector machine was developed. Appearance characteristics of watermelon seeds included area, perimeter, roughness, minimum enclosing rectangle and solidity were calculated by image analysis after image preprocess.The broken seeds, normal seeds and high-quality seeds were distinguished by least square support vector machine optimized by genetic algorithm. Compared to the grid...

The effect of boundaries on the asymptotic wavenumber of spiral wave solutions of the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation

KAUST Repository

Aguareles, M.

2014-06-01

In this paper we consider an oscillatory medium whose dynamics are modeled by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. In particular, we focus on n-armed spiral wave solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in a disk of radius d with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. It is well-known that such solutions exist for small enough values of the twist parameter q and large enough values of d. We investigate the effect of boundaries on the rotational frequency of the spirals, which is an unknown of the problem uniquely determined by the parameters d and q. We show that there is a threshold in the parameter space where the effect of the boundary on the rotational frequency switches from being algebraic to exponentially weak. We use the method of matched asymptotic expansions to obtain explicit expressions for the asymptotic wavenumber as a function of the twist parameter and the domain size for small values of q. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

La incidencia del totalitarismo en la configuración de una política exterior aislacionista

OpenAIRE

Patiño García, Andres Felipe

2016-01-01

El presente estudio de caso consiste en identificar la incidencia del totalitarismo en la configuración de una política exterior aislacionista, tomando los casos del Tercer Reich y la República Democrática Popular de Corea; se trata de inferir si la incidencia de un régimen totalitario en la configuración de una política exterior aislacionista es directa, en tanto que responde al interés nacional del Estado con el fin de implementar reformas y actos que conlleven al aislamiento de la nación d...

Birth–death process of local structures in defect turbulence described by the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uchiyama, Yusuke, E-mail: r1230160@risk.tsukuba.ac.jp; Konno, Hidetoshi

2014-04-01

Defect turbulence described by the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation is investigated and analyzed via a birth–death process of the local structures composed of defects, holes, and modulated amplitude waves (MAWs). All the number statistics of each local structure, in its stationary state, are subjected to Poisson statistics. In addition, the probability density functions of interarrival times of defects, lifetimes of holes, and MAWs show the existence of long-memory and some characteristic time scales caused by zigzag motions of oscillating traveling holes. The corresponding stochastic process for these observations is fully described by a non-Markovian master equation.

La política exterior de América Latina hacia Siria y Líbano frente a los nuevos escenarios regionales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Bazán

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La actual política exterior de los países latinoamericanos hacia Siria y Líbano responde a condicionantes regionales y a los cambios político-económicos donde el rol de EE.UU. como potencia hegemónica en la región está en declive. Sin embargo no es posible identificar una única política exterior latinoamericana hacia Siria y Líbano, ya que los diferentes Estados latinoamericanos adoptaron diversos objetivos y estrategias adecuadas a sus propias necesidades internas. Aunque América del Sur participa de las iniciativas América del Sur-Países Árabes (ASPA, la región no ha podido establecer vínculos políticos significativos y los pocos logros alcanzados responden más a iniciativas particulares de los Estados que a una estrategia continental. El presente trabajo analiza tres modelos paradigmáticos: Brasil, como ejemplo de una política exterior orientada al intercambio comercial pero con una fuerte impronta para posicionarse como potencia emergente internacional; Venezuela, como referente de una política exterior que establece alianzas con Estados adversarios de EE.UU. y finalmente México, con una estrategia de inserción económica sin mayores aspiraciones debido a la influencia norteamericana en su política exterior general.

A multiscale asymptotic analysis of time evolution equations on the complex plane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, Gastão A., E-mail: gbraga@mat.ufmg.br [Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Conti, William R. P., E-mail: wrpconti@gmail.com [Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP (Brazil)

2016-07-15

Using an appropriate norm on the space of entire functions, we extend to the complex plane the renormalization group method as developed by Bricmont et al. The method is based upon a multiscale approach that allows for a detailed description of the long time asymptotics of solutions to initial value problems. The time evolution equation considered here arises in the study of iterations of the block spin renormalization group transformation for the hierarchical N-vector model. We show that, for initial conditions belonging to a certain Fréchet space of entire functions of exponential type, the asymptotics is universal in the sense that it is dictated by the fixed point of a certain operator acting on the space of initial conditions.

Stability Results, Almost Global Generalized Beltrami Fields and Applications to Vortex Structures in the Euler Equations

Science.gov (United States)

Enciso, Alberto; Poyato, David; Soler, Juan

2018-05-01

Strong Beltrami fields, that is, vector fields in three dimensions whose curl is the product of the field itself by a constant factor, have long played a key role in fluid mechanics and magnetohydrodynamics. In particular, they are the kind of stationary solutions of the Euler equations where one has been able to show the existence of vortex structures (vortex tubes and vortex lines) of arbitrarily complicated topology. On the contrary, there are very few results about the existence of generalized Beltrami fields, that is, divergence-free fields whose curl is the field times a non-constant function. In fact, generalized Beltrami fields (which are also stationary solutions to the Euler equations) have been recently shown to be rare, in the sense that for "most" proportionality factors there are no nontrivial Beltrami fields of high enough regularity (e.g., of class {C^{6,α}}), not even locally. Our objective in this work is to show that, nevertheless, there are "many" Beltrami fields with non-constant factor, even realizing arbitrarily complicated vortex structures. This fact is relevant in the study of turbulent configurations. The core results are an "almost global" stability theorem for strong Beltrami fields, which ensures that a global strong Beltrami field with suitable decay at infinity can be perturbed to get "many" Beltrami fields with non-constant factor of arbitrarily high regularity and defined in the exterior of an arbitrarily small ball, and a "local" stability theorem for generalized Beltrami fields, which is an analogous perturbative result which is valid for any kind of Beltrami field (not just with a constant factor) but only applies to small enough domains. The proof relies on an iterative scheme of Grad-Rubin type. For this purpose, we study the Neumann problem for the inhomogeneous Beltrami equation in exterior domains via a boundary integral equation method and we obtain Hölder estimates, a sharp decay at infinity and some compactness

Discrete Ricci Flow in Higher Dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

recently, we showed analytically that the SRF equations converged to the continuum RF equations for the neck-pinch 3- geometry [10]. In this analysis we also...Hamilton’s RF. It is the first dimensionally agnostic generalization of RF for PL geometries . We refer to our approach as simplicial Ricci flow (SRF). For a...Discrete Exterior Calculus , Regge Calculus , Piecewise Linear Complex 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT SAR 18. NUMBER

La “caja negra” de la política exterior estadounidense en Oriente Medio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Ulloa

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Reseña del siguiente libro:CHOMSKY, Noam y Gilbert Achar (2007. Estados peligrosos: oriente medio y la política exterior estadounidense. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica, 349 pp.

Differential equations for dummies

CERN Document Server

Holzner, Steven

2008-01-01

The fun and easy way to understand and solve complex equations Many of the fundamental laws of physics, chemistry, biology, and economics can be formulated as differential equations. This plain-English guide explores the many applications of this mathematical tool and shows how differential equations can help us understand the world around us. Differential Equations For Dummies is the perfect companion for a college differential equations course and is an ideal supplemental resource for other calculus classes as well as science and engineering courses. It offers step-by-step techniques, practical tips, numerous exercises, and clear, concise examples to help readers improve their differential equation-solving skills and boost their test scores.

Pseudodifferential equations over non-Archimedean spaces

CERN Document Server

Zúñiga-Galindo, W A

2016-01-01

Focusing on p-adic and adelic analogues of pseudodifferential equations, this monograph presents a very general theory of parabolic-type equations and their Markov processes motivated by their connection with models of complex hierarchic systems. The Gelfand-Shilov method for constructing fundamental solutions using local zeta functions is developed in a p-adic setting and several particular equations are studied, such as the p-adic analogues of the Klein-Gordon equation. Pseudodifferential equations for complex-valued functions on non-Archimedean local fields are central to contemporary harmonic analysis and mathematical physics and their theory reveals a deep connection with probability and number theory. The results of this book extend and complement the material presented by Vladimirov, Volovich and Zelenov (1994) and Kochubei (2001), which emphasize spectral theory and evolution equations in a single variable, and Albeverio, Khrennikov and Shelkovich (2010), which deals mainly with the theory and applica...

Discomfort glare with complex fenestration systems and the impact on energy use when using daylighting control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, Sabine; McNeil, Andrew; Lee, Eleanor S.; Kalyanam, Raghuram

2015-11-03

Glare is a frequent issue in highly glazed buildings. A modelling approach is presented that uses discomfort glare probability and discomfort glare index as metrics to determine occupants’ behaviour. A glare control algorithm that actuated an interior shade for glare protection based on the predicted perception was implemented in a building simulation program. A reference case with a state-of-the-art base glazing was compared to the same glazing but with five different complex fenestration systems, i.e., exterior shades. The windows with exterior shades showed significant variations in glare frequencies. Energy use intensity in a prototypical office building with daylighting controls was greatly influenced for the systems with frequent glare occurrence. While the base glazing could benefit from glare control, some of the exterior shades showed significantly greater energy use when discomfort glare-based operation of interior shades was considered.

An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating VTI media

KAUST Repository

Hao, Qi; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali

2016-01-01

We present an acoustic eikonal equation governing the complex-valued travel time of P-waves in attenuating, transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI). This equation is based on the assumption that the Pwave complex

Exterior Decay of Wood-Plastic Composite Boards: Characterization and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Science.gov (United States)

Rebecca Ibach; Grace Sun; Marek Gnatowski; Jessie Glaeser; Mathew Leung; John Haight

2016-01-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate free water content and distribution in wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials decayed during exterior exposure near Hilo, Hawaii. Two segments of the same board blend were selected from 6 commercial decking boards that had fungal fruiting bodies. One of the two board segments was exposed in sun, the other in shadow...

A discrete exterior approach to structure-preserving discretization of distributed-parameter port-Hamiltonian systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Seslija, Marko; Scherpen, Jacquelien M.A.; van der Schaft, Arjan

2011-01-01

This paper addresses the issue of structure-preserving discretization of open distributed-parameter systems with Hamiltonian dynamics. Employing the formalism of discrete exterior calculus, we introduce simplicial Dirac structures as discrete analogues of the Stokes-Dirac structure and demonstrate

Some Comments on the Use of de Moivre's Theorem to Solve Quadratic Equations with Real or Complex Coefficients

Science.gov (United States)

Bardell, Nicholas S.

2014-01-01

This paper describes how a simple application of de Moivre's theorem may be used to not only find the roots of a quadratic equation with real or generally complex coefficients but also to pinpoint their location in the Argand plane. This approach is much simpler than the comprehensive analysis presented by Bardell (2012, 2014), but it does not…

Investigating size effects of complex nanostructures through Young-Laplace equation and finite element analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, Dingjie; Xie, Yi Min; Huang, Xiaodong; Zhou, Shiwei; Li, Qing

2015-01-01

Analytical studies on the size effects of a simply-shaped beam fixed at both ends have successfully explained the sudden changes of effective Young's modulus as its diameter decreases below 100 nm. Yet they are invalid for complex nanostructures ubiquitously existing in nature. In accordance with a generalized Young-Laplace equation, one of the representative size effects is transferred to non-uniformly distributed pressure against an external surface due to the imbalance of inward and outward loads. Because the magnitude of pressure depends on the principal curvatures, iterative steps have to be adopted to gradually stabilize the structure in finite element analysis. Computational results are in good agreement with both experiment data and theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the investigation on strengthened and softened Young's modulus for two complex nanostructures demonstrates that the proposed computational method provides a general and effective approach to analyze the size effects for nanostructures in arbitrary shape

Asymmetric modes and complex time eigenvalues of the one-speed neutron transport equation in a homogeneous sphere

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paranjape, S.D.; Kumar, V.; Sahni, D.C.

1993-01-01

The one-speed, time-dependent, isotropically scattering, integral transport equation in a homogeneous sphere has been converted into a criticality-like problem by considering exponential time behaviour of the scalar flux. This criticality problem has been converted into a matrix eigenvalue problem using the Fourier transform technique. The time eigenvalues λ, which are complex in general, have been determined for spherically symmetric as well as asymmetric modes. For the former case, the real decay constants and the real parts of complex decay constants decrease monotonically with increasing system size and form two distinct families of single-valued functions. For the spherically asymmetric modes, certain new features emerge. The real decay constants are found to be multi-valued functions of system size and they do not always decrease monotonically with increasing system size. As the system size increases from zero onwards, the decay constants alternate between complex and real values and the real and complex decay constant curves interlace. (Author)

Discrete exterior geometry approach to structure-preserving discretization of distributed-parameter port-Hamiltonian systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Seslija, Marko; van der Schaft, Arjan; Scherpen, Jacquelien M.A.

This paper addresses the issue of structure-preserving discretization of open distributed-parameter systems with Hamiltonian dynamics. Employing the formalism of discrete exterior calculus, we introduce a simplicial Dirac structure as a discrete analogue of the Stokes-Dirac structure and demonstrate

Numerical modeling of Gaussian beam propagation and diffraction in inhomogeneous media based on the complex eikonal equation

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Xingguo; Sun, Hui

2018-05-01

Gaussian beam is an important complex geometrical optical technology for modeling seismic wave propagation and diffraction in the subsurface with complex geological structure. Current methods for Gaussian beam modeling rely on the dynamic ray tracing and the evanescent wave tracking. However, the dynamic ray tracing method is based on the paraxial ray approximation and the evanescent wave tracking method cannot describe strongly evanescent fields. This leads to inaccuracy of the computed wave fields in the region with a strong inhomogeneous medium. To address this problem, we compute Gaussian beam wave fields using the complex phase by directly solving the complex eikonal equation. In this method, the fast marching method, which is widely used for phase calculation, is combined with Gauss-Newton optimization algorithm to obtain the complex phase at the regular grid points. The main theoretical challenge in combination of this method with Gaussian beam modeling is to address the irregular boundary near the curved central ray. To cope with this challenge, we present the non-uniform finite difference operator and a modified fast marching method. The numerical results confirm the proposed approach.

BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS FOR RADIALLY SYMMETRIC SOLUTIONS FOR BURGERS EQUATION WITH A BOUNDARY CORRESPONDING TO THE RAREFACTION WAVE

OpenAIRE

Hashimoto, Itsuko

2016-01-01

We investigate the large-time behavior of the radially symmetric solution for Burgers equation on the exterior of a small ball in multi-dimensional space, where the boundary data and the data at the far field are prescribed. In a previous paper [1], we showed that, for the case in which the boundary data is equal to $0$ or negative, the asymptotic stability is the same as that for the viscous conservation law. In the present paper, it is proved that if the boundary data i...

HYDRA-II: A hydrothermal analysis computer code: Volume 1, Equations and numerics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCann, R.A.

1987-04-01

HYDRA-II is a hydrothermal computer code capable of three-dimensional analysis of coupled conduction, convection, and thermal radiation problems. This code is especially appropriate for simulating the steady-state performance of spent fuel storage systems. The code has been evaluated for this application for the US Department of Energy's Commercial Spent Fuel Management Program. HYDRA-II provides a finite difference solution in Cartesian coordinates to the equations governing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. A cylindrical coordinate system may also be used to enclose the Cartesian coordinate system. This exterior coordinate system is useful for modeling cylindrical cask bodies. The difference equations for conservation of momentum are enhanced by the incorporation of directional porosities and permeabilities that aid in modeling solid structures whose dimensions may be smaller than the computational mesh. The equation for conservation of energy permits of modeling of orthotropic physical properties and film resistances. Several automated procedures are available to model radiation transfer within enclosures and from fuel rod to fuel rod. The documentation of HYDRA-II is presented in three separate volumes. This volume, Volume I - Equations and Numerics, describes the basic differential equations, illustrates how the difference equations are formulated, and gives the solution procedures employed. Volume II - User's Manual contains code flow charts, discusses the code structure, provides detailed instructions for preparing an input file, and illustrates the operation of the code by means of a model problem. The final volume, Volume III - Verification/Validation Assessments, presents results of numerical simulations of single- and multiassembly storage systems and comparisons with experimental data. 4 refs

Comercio Exterior Argentino (1935-1946: Comportamiento de las Importaciones en un Contexto de Turbulencia Internacional.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresita Gomez

2017-11-01

Full Text Available La estructura de la economía argentina, hasta la crisis de los años treinta, se había conformado de acuerdo a su inserción en el mercado internacional como exportador de bienes primarios alimentarios e importador de bienes energéticos y manufacturados. A partir de las modificaciones que se producen a nivel del comercio, especialmente la dificultad de las importaciones de bienes, se desarrolla la industrialización, orientada hacia la sustitución de importaciones. Nos interesa analizar la contribución del comercio exterior a esta transformación de estructura que se va produciendo. Se utilizan como fuentes: series de comercio exterior correspondientes a esos años (1935-1947, revistas especializadas y periódicos.

Computational Cellular Dynamics Based on the Chemical Master Equation: A Challenge for Understanding Complexity.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Jie; Qian, Hong

2010-01-01

Modern molecular biology has always been a great source of inspiration for computational science. Half a century ago, the challenge from understanding macromolecular dynamics has led the way for computations to be part of the tool set to study molecular biology. Twenty-five years ago, the demand from genome science has inspired an entire generation of computer scientists with an interest in discrete mathematics to join the field that is now called bioinformatics. In this paper, we shall lay out a new mathematical theory for dynamics of biochemical reaction systems in a small volume (i.e., mesoscopic) in terms of a stochastic, discrete-state continuous-time formulation, called the chemical master equation (CME). Similar to the wavefunction in quantum mechanics, the dynamically changing probability landscape associated with the state space provides a fundamental characterization of the biochemical reaction system. The stochastic trajectories of the dynamics are best known through the simulations using the Gillespie algorithm. In contrast to the Metropolis algorithm, this Monte Carlo sampling technique does not follow a process with detailed balance. We shall show several examples how CMEs are used to model cellular biochemical systems. We shall also illustrate the computational challenges involved: multiscale phenomena, the interplay between stochasticity and nonlinearity, and how macroscopic determinism arises from mesoscopic dynamics. We point out recent advances in computing solutions to the CME, including exact solution of the steady state landscape and stochastic differential equations that offer alternatives to the Gilespie algorithm. We argue that the CME is an ideal system from which one can learn to understand "complex behavior" and complexity theory, and from which important biological insight can be gained.

The generalized Airy diffusion equation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frank M. Cholewinski

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Solutions of a generalized Airy diffusion equation and an associated nonlinear partial differential equation are obtained. Trigonometric type functions are derived for a third order generalized radial Euler type operator. An associated complex variable theory and generalized Cauchy-Euler equations are obtained. Further, it is shown that the Airy expansions can be mapped onto the Bessel Calculus of Bochner, Cholewinski and Haimo.

[Ca2+]i in exterior of cells effected on apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Ziyi; Meng Qingyong

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate of the different [Ca 2+ ]i in exterior of cells promotion function on apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by irradiation. Methods: To put ration dose 32 P and different [Ca 2+ ]i into culture of HL-60 and measure the apoptosis rate with FCM after 24 and 48 hours. Result: Apoptosis rate increased with the increase of [Ca 2+ ]i which shows an obvious function to promote apoptosis, r 24 =0.9001 (P=0.0145); r48=0.9343 (P=0.0063). Conclusion: [Ca 2+ ]i in exterior of cells has a obvious function in promoteing apoptosis induced by irradiation. (authors)

Application of parametric equations of motion to study the laser induced multiphoton dissociation of H2+ in intense laser field.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalita, Dhruba J; Rao, Akshay; Rajvanshi, Ishir; Gupta, Ashish K

2011-06-14

We have applied parametric equations of motion (PEM) to study photodissociation dynamics of H(2)(+). The resonances are extracted using smooth exterior scaling method. This is the first application of PEM to non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that includes resonances and the continuum. Here, we have studied how the different resonance states behave with respect to the change in field amplitude. The advantage of this method is that one can easily trace the different states that are changing as the field parameter changes.

The generalized good cut equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adamo, T M; Newman, E T

2010-01-01

The properties of null geodesic congruences (NGCs) in Lorentzian manifolds are a topic of considerable importance. More specifically NGCs with the special property of being shear-free or asymptotically shear-free (as either infinity or a horizon is approached) have received a great deal of recent attention for a variety of reasons. Such congruences are most easily studied via solutions to what has been referred to as the 'good cut equation' or the 'generalization good cut equation'. It is the purpose of this paper to study these equations and show their relationship to each other. In particular we show how they all have a four-complex-dimensional manifold (known as H-space, or in a special case as complex Minkowski space) as a solution space.

Research on the recycling industry development model for typical exterior plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicle based on the SWOT method.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Hongshen; Chen, Ming

2013-11-01

In-depth studies on the recycling of typical automotive exterior plastic parts are significant and beneficial for environmental protection, energy conservation, and sustainable development of China. In the current study, several methods were used to analyze the recycling industry model for typical exterior parts of passenger vehicles in China. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of the current recycling industry for typical exterior parts of passenger vehicles were analyzed comprehensively based on the SWOT method. The internal factor evaluation matrix and external factor evaluation matrix were used to evaluate the internal and external factors of the recycling industry. The recycling industry was found to respond well to all the factors and it was found to face good developing opportunities. Then, the cross-link strategies analysis for the typical exterior parts of the passenger car industry of China was conducted based on the SWOT analysis strategies and established SWOT matrix. Finally, based on the aforementioned research, the recycling industry model led by automobile manufacturers was promoted. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hazardous drug residue on exterior vial surfaces: evaluation of a commercial manufacturing process.

Science.gov (United States)

Power, Luci A; Sessink, Paul J M; Gesy, Kathy; Charbonneau, Flay

2014-04-01

Hazardous drug residue on the exterior surface of drug vials poses a potential risk for exposure of health care workers involved in handling these products. The purpose of this article is to heighten the awareness of this serious issue and to evaluate a commercial manufacturing process for removing and containing hazardous drug (HD) residue on exterior vial surfaces. Additionally, findings from this study are interpreted, incorporated into the current body of evidence, and discussed by experts in this field. This study includes separate evaluations for the presence or absence of surface drug contamination on the vials of 3 HD products: 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and methotrexate. The drug products were packaged in vials using a patented prewashing/decontamination method, application of a polyvinylchloride (PVC) base, and use of clear glass vials. An additional step of encasing the vial in a shrink-wrapped sheath was used for 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Of all 5-fluorouracil (110 vials), methotrexate (60 vials), and cisplatin (60 vials) tested, only 2 had detectable amounts of surface residue. One 5-fluorouracil vial was found to have approximately 4 mg of 5-fluorouracil on the surface of the vial. The second contaminated vial was cisplatin, which was discovered to have 131 ng of platinum, equal to 200 ng of cisplatin or 0.2 μL of cisplatin solution, on the vial sheath. Using validated extraction and analytic methods, all but 2 of the 230 tested vials were found to be free of surface drug contamination. Pharmacy leaders need to take an active role in promoting the need for clean HD vials. Manufacturers should be required to provide their clients with data derived from externally validated analytic studies, reporting the level of HD contamination on the exterior of their vial products.

A new complex vector method for balancing chemical equations: Nova kompleksna metoda za uravnoteženje kemičnih enačb:

OpenAIRE

Risteski, Ice B.

2010-01-01

In this article, the author discovers a paradox of balancing chemical equations. The many counterexamples illustrate that the considered procedure of balancing chemical equations given in the paper1 is inconsistent. A new complex vector method for paradox resolution is given too. V članku avtor opisuje paradoks pri uravnoteženju kemijskih reakcij. Več primerov dokazuje, da je procedura uravnoteženja kemijskih reakcij v viru1 inkonsistentna. Predstavljena je nova kompleksna vektorska metoda...

Preparation of Thermoplastic Poly (vinyl Alcohol), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate and Vinyl Acetate Versatic Ester Blends for Exterior Masonry Coating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

EL-Nahas, H.H.; Gad, Y.H.; Magida, M.M.

2013-01-01

Blend systems including ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and vinyl acetate versatic copolymer latex (VAcVe) were prepared and used as exterior coatings. Mechanical and thermal properties of the blends were investigated using a testo meter, shore hardness tester, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water resistance of the samples was measured. Effect of ionizing irradiation on gel content, tensile strength and surface hardness were also followed. The blend offers binder base for exterior masonry coating systems having superior water resistant and mechanical properties

Regular growth of systems of functions and systems of non-homogeneous convolution equations in convex domains of the complex plane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krivosheev, A S

2000-01-01

In this paper we introduce the notion of regular growth for a system of entire functions of finite order and type. This is a direct and natural generalization of the classical completely regular growth of an entire function. We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the solubility of a system of non-homogeneous convolution equations in convex domains of the complex plane. These conditions depend on whether the system of Laplace transforms of the analytic functionals that generate the convolution equations has regular growth. In the case of smooth convex domains, these solubility conditions form a criterion

A family of solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell system of equations describing relativistic charged fluid spheres

Science.gov (United States)

Komathiraj, K.; Sharma, Ranjan

2018-05-01

In this paper, we present a formalism to generate a family of interior solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell system of equations for a spherically symmetric relativistic charged fluid sphere matched to the exterior Reissner-Nordström space-time. By reducing the Einstein-Maxwell system to a recurrence relation with variable rational coefficients, we show that it is possible to obtain closed-form solutions for a specific range of model parameters. A large class of solutions obtained previously are shown to be contained in our general class of solutions. We also analyse the physical viability of our new class of solutions.

Procedural Design of Exterior Lighting for Buildings with Complex Constraints

KAUST Repository

Schwarz, Michael

2014-10-01

We present a system for the lighting design of procedurally modeled buildings. The design is procedurally specified as part of the ordinary modeling workflow by defining goals for the illumination that should be attained and locations where luminaires may be installed to realize these goals. Additionally, constraints can be modeled that make the arrangement of the installed luminaires respect certain aesthetic and structural considerations. From this specification, the system automatically generates a lighting solution for any concrete model instance. The underlying, intricate joint optimization and constraint satisfaction problem is approached with a stochastic scheme that operates directly in the complex subspace where all constraints are observed. To navigate this subspace efficaciously, the actual lighting situation is taken into account. We demonstrate our system on multiple examples spanning a variety of architectural structures and lighting designs. Copyright held by the Owner/Author.

Unidad de destino en lo universal Falange y la propaganda exterior (1936-1945

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio César MORENO CANTANO

2009-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El control de la prensa y la propaganda se convirtió desde los inicios del régimen franquista en una preocupación constante por parte de las autoridades. El presente artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por la Delegación Nacional del Servicio Exterior de Falange, órgano encargado de difundir y promocionar en el campo internacional el ideario de la Nueva España. Para la realización de esta tarea se valió de una serie de delegaciones de Prensa y Propaganda que se localizaron principalmente en América y Europa.ABSTRACT: The control on the press and the propaganda became since the beginning of the Franco regime a constant preocupation for the authorities. The present article makes an analysis of the role of National Delegation of the Falange Exterior Services made, organization who had competences on the difusion and distribution of the idea of «The New Spain». To make this promotion, this organization had the cooperation of the press delegations specially in America and Europe.

La política exterior de Estados Unidos: una visión desde la periferia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Andrade A.

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo trata explica la forma como la política exterior de Estados Unidos persigue dos objetivos interrelacionados: primero, en el corto y mediano plazo consolidar y aumentar su predominio militar a nivel global y, segundo, en el largo plazo institucionalizar ese dominio en un orden político sumamente difícil –o costoso- de transformar. Así, la política exterior estadounidense hacia América Latina y, sobre todo, en relación con la Región Andina y más específicamente con el Ecuador debe estudiarse a partir de las decisiones y comportamientos de Estados Unidos, así como de los medios que emplea para lograrlos: los tratados de libre comercio (TLC; la guerra antiterrorista y la promoción de la democracia.

Bondability of ipê (Tabebuia spp.) wood using ambient-curing exterior wood adhesives

Science.gov (United States)

Daniel J. Yelle

2016-01-01

Ipê is an extremely difficult species to bond because of its high density, interlocking grain, and high volumetric swelling–shrinkage under prolonged wet conditions. Despite its difficulties, the wood is known to be extremely durable in exterior conditions because of its resistance to microbial and insect degradation. Therefore, investigating its bondability with...

MIGRAÇÕES FICCIONAIS DO OBSERVADOR: O OLHAR EXTERIOR SOBRE O CANADÁ E SUAS MEDIAÇÕES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walter Moser

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Pais de imigração, o Canadá é rico em textos literários – tanto anglófonos como francófonos – escritos por imigrantes. Recentemente, a crítica literária, interessada na representação da alteridade cultural, desenvolveu o paradigma da “literaturamigrante”. Ora, existe um estratagema bastante antigo para lançar um olhar estranho e estrangeiro sobre a própria cultura, que consiste em inventar um observador exterior que se desloca. Aplicado de maneira paradigmática na obra Les lettres persanes [Cartas persas], de Montesquieu, esse estratagema apresenta uma modalidade particular quando o olhar exterior é narrativamente construído pelo deslocamento de um personagem, que, longe de ser estrangeiro, vem de sua própria cultura – canadense no caso – e se desloca para lançar um olhar exterior sobre ela. De fato, esse olhar interno, transformando-se em externo, adquire um potencial crítico. Analisa-se aqui esse estratagema, com o objetivo de ressaltar seu valor crítico, em dois romances – The Englishman’s boy, de Vanderhaeghe, e The navigator of New York, de Johnston – e no filme Nô, de Robert Lepage.

Equations of state for light water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubin, G.A.; Granziera, M.R.

1983-01-01

The equations of state for light water were developed, based on the tables of Keenan and Keyes. Equations are presented, describing the specific volume, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy of saturated steam, superheated vapor and subcooled liquid as a function of pressure and temperature. For each property, several equations are shown, with different precisions and different degress of complexity. (Author) [pt

On two functional equations originating from number theory

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Reducing the functional equations introduced in Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) 113(2) (2003) 91–98 and in Appl. Math. Lett. 21 (2008) 974–977 to equations in complex variables and quaternions, we find general solutions of the equations. We also obtain the stability of the equations.

Synthetic pubovaginal sling (TVT: failure in conservative treatment following vaginal exteriorization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgar Thorell

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Female, 57 year-old patient, reported having undergone surgery for correction of urinary incontinence due to sphincteric insufficiency with the implantation of a synthetic pubovaginal sling 14 months earlier. Though she did not present urine loss any longer, approximately 60 days following the surgical procedure she started to report dysuria, pollakiuria and dyspareunia. Attempts of a conservative solution were ineffective. The appearance of a vaginal infra-urethral granuloma and the exteriorization of the synthetic material led to its removal.

Fast decay of solutions for linear wave equations with dissipation localized near infinity in an exterior domain

Science.gov (United States)

Ryo, Ikehata

Uniform energy and L2 decay of solutions for linear wave equations with localized dissipation will be given. In order to derive the L2-decay property of the solution, a useful device whose idea comes from Ikehata-Matsuyama (Sci. Math. Japon. 55 (2002) 33) is used. In fact, we shall show that the L2-norm and the total energy of solutions, respectively, decay like O(1/ t) and O(1/ t2) as t→+∞ for a kind of the weighted initial data.

Optimisation of the Lowest Robin Eigenvalue in the Exterior of a Compact Set

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Krejčiřík, David; Lotoreichik, Vladimir

2018-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 1 (2018), s. 319-337 ISSN 0944-6532 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA17-01706S Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : Robin Laplacian * negative boundary parameter * exterior of a convex set * spectral isoperimetric inequality * spectral isochoric inequality * parallel coordinates Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics OBOR OECD: Pure mathematics Impact factor: 0.496, year: 2016

An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating VTI media

KAUST Repository

Hao, Qi

2016-09-06

We present an acoustic eikonal equation governing the complex-valued travel time of P-waves in attenuating, transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI). This equation is based on the assumption that the Pwave complex-valued travel time is independent of the Swave velocity parameter v in Thomsen\\'s notation and the attenuation coefficient A in the Thomsen-type notation for attenuating VTI media. We combine perturbation theory and Shanks transform to develop practical approximations to the attenuating acoustic eikonal equation, capable of admitting analytical description of the attenuation in homogeneous media. For a horizontal, attenuating VTI layer, we also derive non-hyperbolic approximations for the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued reflection travel time.

Investigation of vessel exterior air cooling for a HLMC reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sienicki, J. J.; Spencer, B. W.

2000-01-01

The Secure Transportable Autonomous Reactor (STAR) concept under development at Argonne National Laboratory provides a small (300 MWt) reactor module for steam supply that incorporates design features to attain proliferation resistance, heightened passive safety, and improved cost competitiveness through extreme simplification. Examples are the achievement of 100%+ natural circulation heat removal from the low power density/low pressure drop ultra-long lifetime core and utilization of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant enabling elimination of main coolant pumps as well as the need for an intermediate heat transport circuit. It is required to provide a passive means of removing decay heat and effecting reactor cooldown in the event that the normal steam generator heat sink, including its normal shutdown heat removal mode, is postulated to be unavailable. In the present approach, denoted as the Reactor Exterior Cooling System (RECS), passive decay heat removal is provided by cooling the outside of the containment/guard vessel with air. RECS is similar to the Reactor Vessel Auxiliary Cooling System (RVACS) incorporated into the PRISM design. However, to enhance the heat removal, RECS incorporates fins on the containment vessel exterior to enhance heat transfer to air as well as removable steel venetian conductors that provide a conduction heat transfer path across the reactor vessel-containment vessel gap to enhance heat transfer between the vessels. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effectiveness of air cooling in removing heat from the vessel and limiting the coolant temperature increase following a sudden complete loss of the steam generator heat sink

Designing molecular complexes using free-energy derivatives from liquid-state integral equation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mrugalla, Florian; Kast, Stefan M

2016-01-01

Complex formation between molecules in solution is the key process by which molecular interactions are translated into functional systems. These processes are governed by the binding or free energy of association which depends on both direct molecular interactions and the solvation contribution. A design goal frequently addressed in pharmaceutical sciences is the optimization of chemical properties of the complex partners in the sense of minimizing their binding free energy with respect to a change in chemical structure. Here, we demonstrate that liquid-state theory in the form of the solute–solute equation of the reference interaction site model provides all necessary information for such a task with high efficiency. In particular, computing derivatives of the potential of mean force (PMF), which defines the free-energy surface of complex formation, with respect to potential parameters can be viewed as a means to define a direction in chemical space toward better binders. We illustrate the methodology in the benchmark case of alkali ion binding to the crown ether 18-crown-6 in aqueous solution. In order to examine the validity of the underlying solute–solute theory, we first compare PMFs computed by different approaches, including explicit free-energy molecular dynamics simulations as a reference. Predictions of an optimally binding ion radius based on free-energy derivatives are then shown to yield consistent results for different ion parameter sets and to compare well with earlier, orders-of-magnitude more costly explicit simulation results. This proof-of-principle study, therefore, demonstrates the potential of liquid-state theory for molecular design problems. (paper)

Cluster Observations of Particle Injections in the Exterior Cusp

Science.gov (United States)

Escoubet, C. P.; Grison, B.; Berchem, J.; Trattner, K. J.; Lavraud, B.; Pitout, F.; Soucek, J.; Richard, R. L.; Laakso, H. E.; Masson, A.; Dunlop, M. W.; Dandouras, I. S.; Reme, H.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Daly, P. W.

2014-12-01

The main process that injects solar wind plasma into the polar cusp is now generally accepted to be magnetic reconnection. Depending on the IMF direction, this process takes place equatorward (for IMF southward), poleward (for IMF northward) or on the dusk or dawn sides (for IMF azimuthal) of the cusp. We report a Cluster crossing on 5 January 2002 near the exterior cusp on the southern dusk side. The IMF was mainly azimuthal (IMF-By around -5 nT), the solar wind speed lower than usual around 280 km/s with the density of order 5 cm-3. The four Cluster spacecraft had an elongated configuration near the magnetopause. C4 was the first spacecraft to enter the cusp around 19:52:04 UT, followed by C2 at 19:52:35 UT, C1 at 19:54:24 UT and C3 at 20:13:15 UT. C4 and C1 observed two ion energy dispersions at 20:10 UT and 20:40 UT and C3 at 20:35 UT and 21:15 UT. Using the time of flight technique on the upgoing and downgoing ions, which leads to energy dispersions, we obtain distances of the ion sources between 14 and 20 RE from the spacecraft. Using Tsyganenko model, we find that these sources are located on the dusk flank, past the terminator. The first injection by C3 is seen at approximately the same time as the 2nd injection on C1 but their sources at the magnetopause were separated by more than 7 RE. This would imply that two distinct sources were active at the same time on the dusk flank of the magnetosphere. In addition, a flow reversal was observed at the magnetopause on C4 which would be an indication that reconnection is taking place near the exterior cusp.

Collapsing radiating stars with various equations of state

Science.gov (United States)

Brassel, Byron P.; Goswami, Rituparno; Maharaj, Sunil D.

2017-06-01

We study the gravitational collapse of radiating stars in the context of the cosmic censorship conjecture. We consider a generalized Vaidya spacetime with three concentric regions. The local internal atmosphere is a two-component system consisting of standard pressure-free, null radiation and an additional string fluid with energy density and nonzero pressure obeying all physically realistic energy conditions. The middle region is purely radiative which matches to a third region which is the Schwarzschild exterior. We outline the general mathematical framework to study the conditions on the mass function so that future-directed nonspacelike geodesics can terminate at the singularity in the past. Mass functions for several equations of state are analyzed using this framework and it is shown that the collapse in each case terminates at a locally naked central singularity. We calculate the strength of these singularities to show that they are strong curvature singularities which implies that no extension of spacetime through them is possible.

Introduction to ordinary differential equations

CERN Document Server

Rabenstein, Albert L

1966-01-01

Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations is a 12-chapter text that describes useful elementary methods of finding solutions using ordinary differential equations. This book starts with an introduction to the properties and complex variable of linear differential equations. Considerable chapters covered topics that are of particular interest in applications, including Laplace transforms, eigenvalue problems, special functions, Fourier series, and boundary-value problems of mathematical physics. Other chapters are devoted to some topics that are not directly concerned with finding solutio

Differential equations a concise course

CERN Document Server

Bear, H S

2011-01-01

Concise introduction for undergraduates includes, among other topics, a survey of first order equations, discussions of complex-valued solutions, linear differential operators, inverse operators and variation of parameters method, the Laplace transform, Picard's existence theorem, and an exploration of various interpretations of systems of equations. Numerous clearly stated theorems and proofs, examples, and problems followed by solutions.

A Boundary Element Solution to the Problem of Interacting AC Fields in Parallel Conductors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Einar M. Rønquist

1984-04-01

Full Text Available The ac fields in electrically insulated conductors will interact through the surrounding electromagnetic fields. The pertinent field equations reduce to the Helmholtz equation inside each conductor (interior problem, and to the Laplace equation outside the conductors (exterior problem. These equations are transformed to integral equations, with the magnetic vector potential and its normal derivative on the boundaries as unknowns. The integral equations are then approximated by sets of algebraic equations. The interior problem involves only unknowns on the boundary of each conductor, while the exterior problem couples unknowns from several conductors. The interior and the exterior problem are coupled through the field continuity conditions. The full set of equations is solved by standard Gaussian elimination. We also show how the total current and the dissipated power within each conductor can be expressed as boundary integrals. Finally, computational results for a sample problem are compared with a finite difference solution.

Asia Central en la política exterior rusa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Morales

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Las políticas rusas hacia Asia Central han estado condicionadas por la herencia histórica anterior a la disolución de la URSS, pero también por los cambios en el sistema internacional y en la propia Rusia acaecidos desde entonces. ¿En qué medida la actuación de Rusia ha sido coherente y estable, basada en una estrategia para Asia Central fundamentada en los intereses nacionales? En este artículo examinamos los fundamentos de la política exterior rusa en relación con Asia Central, dividiéndola en tres apartados: político, económico y de seguridad.

Exterior egg quality as affected by enrichment resources layout in furnished laying-hen cages.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xiang; Chen, Donghua; Meng, Fanyu; Su, Yingying; Wang, Lisha; Zhang, Runxiang; Li, Jianhong; Bao, Jun

2017-10-01

This study aimed to investigate the effects of enrichment resources (a perch, dustbath, and nest) layout in furnished laying-hen cages (FC) on exterior quality of eggs. One hundred and sixty-eight (168) Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 16 weeks of age were randomly distributed to four treatments: small furnished cages (SFC), medium furnished cages type I (MFC-I), medium furnished cages type II (MFC-II), and medium furnished cages type III (MFC-III). Each treatment had 4 replicates or cages with 6 hens for SFC (24 birds for each SFC) and 12 hen/cage for MFC-I, -II, and -III (48 birds for each MFC-I, -II and -III). Following a 2-week acclimation, data collection started at 18 weeks of age and continued till 52 weeks of age. Dirtiness of egg surface or cracked shell as indicators of the exterior egg quality were recorded each week. The results showed that the proportion of cracked or dirty eggs was significantly affected by the FC type (p<0.01) in that the highest proportion of cracked or dirty eggs was found in MFC-I and the lowest proportion of dirty eggs in SFC. The results of this showed that furnished cage types affected both dirty eggs and cracked eggs (p<0.01). The results also indicated that not nest but dustbath lead to more dirty eggs. Only MFC-I had higher dirty eggs at nest than other FC (p< 0.01). The results of dirty eggs in MFC-I and MFC-II compared with SFC and MFC-III seemed suggest that a low position of dustbath led to more dirty eggs. SFC design affected exterior egg quality and the low position of dustbath in FC resulted in higher proportion of dirty eggs.

Systematic optimization of exterior measurement locations for the determination of interior magnetic field vector components in inaccessible regions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nouri, N.; Plaster, B.

2014-12-11

An experiment may face the challenge of real-time determination of the magnetic field vector components present within some interior region of the experimental apparatus over which it is impossible to directly measure the field components during the operation of the experiment. As a solution to this problem, we propose a general concept which provides for a unique determination of the field components within such an interior region solely from exterior measurements at fixed discrete locations. The method is general and does not require the field to possess any type of symmetry. We describe our systematic approach for optimizing the locations of these exterior measurements which maximizes their sensitivity to successive terms in a multipole expansion of the field.

Los grabados exteriores de Santo Adriano (Tuñón. Santo Adriano. Asturias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F.J. Fortea Pérez

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se dan a conocer los grabados exteriores de la cueva de Santo Adriano, que se comparan con grabados del mismo tipo existentes en la Región Cantábrica, a lo largo de una franja territorial de 220 km, entre las cuencas de los ríos Nalón al oeste y el Asón al este.

Basic exterior characteristics of body and head in Bulgarian scent hound

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Urošević Milivoje

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A group of dogs known as hounds is widespread and highly appreciated among the hunters on the Balkans. Hounds are referred to as hunting dogs that engage in loud pursuit of game along its trail. These dogs do not need to se the game in order to pursue it and begin to bark once they stumble upon game trail. First serious research along with zootechnical measurement was conducted in 1905, at which occasion three large groups of hounds that inhabit the Balkans were described. This undertaking provided a solid foundation for further research and standardization of certain hound breeds. Though a lot of field work and standardization efforts were undertaken since then, there are still groups of hounds not encompassed in previous research work that are well-spread on the field and frequently utilized as hunting companions. One of the variety among these non-standardized breeds are Bulgarian scent hound, which differ from described hound breeds by certain exterior characteristics. In this paper, processed and analyzed some of the basic exterior features of body and head of the Bulgarian Scent Hound. Measurements were performed in 21 males and 15 females of following parameters, the height at withers, back height, loin height, chest circumference, body length, head length, skull length, nozzle length, head width and nozzle width. The average height of males is 54.60 and female 51.73 cm. Head length of males, on average, was 23.95 cm and females 23, 53 cm.

Revisitando la Política de Derechos Humanos de la Administración Carter: Entendiendo los Desafíos Tradicionales para la Política Exterior Contemporánea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis da Vinha

2014-05-01

Full Text Available La Administración Carter llegó al Gobierno con la intención de cambiar la lógica tradicional de la política exterior de los EE.UU., a saber mediante la promoción de una política exterior situada en un marco basado en los derechos humanos. El gobierno trató de hacer de los derechos humanos un elemento central de la política exterior de los EE.UU. al mismo tiempo buscando proteger los intereses nacionales de los Estados Unidos en el extranjero. Sin embargo, desde el principio, los críticos han considerado que la política de la Administración era incongruente e fluctuante debido a su incapacidad de comprender la complejidad en equilibrar muchas cuestiones inherentemente contradictorias. En este trabajo se analiza la política de derechos humanos del gobierno de Carter. Demuestra cómo la Administración reconoció la dificultad de conciliar las cuestiones morales y materiales en el desarrollo de su política exterior. Además, considera cómo la política de derechos humanos de los EE.UU. ha informado a la política exterior de los gobiernos posteriores. Se destaca la dinámica continua contribuyendo para las inconsistencias verificadas entre el discurso y el comportamiento de la política exterior.

Combinatorics of Generalized Bethe Equations

Science.gov (United States)

Kozlowski, Karol K.; Sklyanin, Evgeny K.

2013-10-01

A generalization of the Bethe ansatz equations is studied, where a scalar two-particle S-matrix has several zeroes and poles in the complex plane, as opposed to the ordinary single pole/zero case. For the repulsive case (no complex roots), the main result is the enumeration of all distinct solutions to the Bethe equations in terms of the Fuss-Catalan numbers. Two new combinatorial interpretations of the Fuss-Catalan and related numbers are obtained. On the one hand, they count regular orbits of the permutation group in certain factor modules over {{Z}^M}, and on the other hand, they count integer points in certain M-dimensional polytopes.

Dissipative quantum trajectories in complex space: Damped harmonic oscillator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chou, Chia-Chun, E-mail: ccchou@mx.nthu.edu.tw

2016-10-15

Dissipative quantum trajectories in complex space are investigated in the framework of the logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation provides a phenomenological description for dissipative quantum systems. Substituting the wave function expressed in terms of the complex action into the complex-extended logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we derive the complex quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation including the dissipative potential. It is shown that dissipative quantum trajectories satisfy a quantum Newtonian equation of motion in complex space with a friction force. Exact dissipative complex quantum trajectories are analyzed for the wave and solitonlike solutions to the logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the damped harmonic oscillator. These trajectories converge to the equilibrium position as time evolves. It is indicated that dissipative complex quantum trajectories for the wave and solitonlike solutions are identical to dissipative complex classical trajectories for the damped harmonic oscillator. This study develops a theoretical framework for dissipative quantum trajectories in complex space.

Dissipative quantum trajectories in complex space: Damped harmonic oscillator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chou, Chia-Chun

2016-01-01

Dissipative quantum trajectories in complex space are investigated in the framework of the logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation provides a phenomenological description for dissipative quantum systems. Substituting the wave function expressed in terms of the complex action into the complex-extended logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we derive the complex quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation including the dissipative potential. It is shown that dissipative quantum trajectories satisfy a quantum Newtonian equation of motion in complex space with a friction force. Exact dissipative complex quantum trajectories are analyzed for the wave and solitonlike solutions to the logarithmic nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the damped harmonic oscillator. These trajectories converge to the equilibrium position as time evolves. It is indicated that dissipative complex quantum trajectories for the wave and solitonlike solutions are identical to dissipative complex classical trajectories for the damped harmonic oscillator. This study develops a theoretical framework for dissipative quantum trajectories in complex space.

Análisis de la política exterior rusa frente a Abjasia en el período 2000-2008

OpenAIRE

Ropero Santiago, Andrés Felipe

2014-01-01

El objetivo de la presente monografía de grado es analizar la relación entre la identidad dentro de Rusia y la política exterior de dicho Estado hacia la región de Abjasia. Se analiza y explica la manera en que los referentes identitarios dentro de Rusia en el periodo 2000-2008 influyen en las decisiones de política exterior que Rusia tomó hacia Abjasia en el campo militar y político. Se efectúa una revisión de textos (transcripciones de intervenciones y textos escritos) del Presidente ...

Dynamics for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation on non-cylindrical domains II: The monotone case

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Feng; Sun, Chunyou; Cheng, Jiaqi

2018-02-01

In this article, we continue the study of the dynamics of the following complex Ginzburg-Landau equation ∂tu - (λ + iα)Δu + (κ + iβ)|u|p-2u - γu = f(t) on non-cylindrical domains. We assume that the spatial domains are bounded and increase with time, which is different from the diffeomorphism case presented in Zhou and Sun [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., Ser. B 21, 3767-3792 (2016)]. We develop a new penalty function to establish the existence and uniqueness of a variational solution satisfying energy equality as well as some energy inequalities and prove the existence of a D -pullback attractor for the non-autonomous dynamical system generated by this class of solutions.

Dispersive optical soliton solutions for the hyperbolic and cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equations via the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method

Science.gov (United States)

Seadawy, Aly R.; Kumar, Dipankar; Chakrabarty, Anuz Kumar

2018-05-01

The (2+1)-dimensional hyperbolic and cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equations describe the propagation of ultra-short pulses in optical fibers of nonlinear media. By using an extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method, some new complex hyperbolic and trigonometric functions prototype solutions for two nonlinear Schrödinger equations were derived. The acquired new complex hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions are expressed by dark, bright, combined dark-bright, singular and combined singular solitons. The obtained results are more compatible than those of other applied methods. The extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method is a more powerful and robust mathematical tool for generating new optical solitary wave solutions for many other nonlinear evolution equations arising in the propagation of optical pulses.

An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating orthorhombic media

KAUST Repository

Hao, Qi

2017-04-06

Attenuating orthorhombic models are often used to describe the azimuthal variation of the seismic wave velocity and amplitude in finely layered hydrocarbon reservoirs with vertical fractures. In addition to the P-wave related medium parameters, shear wave parameters are also present in the complex eikonal equation needed to describe the P-wave complex-valued traveltime in an attenuating orthorhombic medium, which increases the complexity of using the P-wave traveltime to invert for the medium parameters in practice. Here, we use the acoustic assumption to derive an acoustic eikonal equation that approximately governs the complex-valued traveltime of P-waves in an attenuating orthorhombic medium. For a homogeneous attenuating orthorhombic media, we solve the eikonal equation using a combination of the perturbation method and Shanks transform. For a horizontal attenuating orthorhombic layer, both the real and imaginary part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime have nonhyperbolic behaviors in terms of the source-receiver offset. Similar to the roles of normal moveout (NMO) velocity and anellipticity, the attenuation NMO velocity and the attenuation anellipticity characterize the variation of the imaginary part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime around zero source-receiver offset.

Introduction to fractional and pseudo-differential equations with singular symbols

CERN Document Server

Umarov, Sabir

2015-01-01

The book systematically presents the theories of pseudo-differential operators with symbols singular in dual variables, fractional order derivatives, distributed and variable order fractional derivatives, random walk approximants, and applications of these theories to various initial and multi-point boundary value problems for pseudo-differential equations. Fractional Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations associated with a large class of stochastic processes are presented. A complex version of the theory of pseudo-differential operators with meromorphic symbols based on the recently introduced complex Fourier transform is developed and applied for initial and boundary value problems for systems of complex differential and pseudo-differential equations.

24 CFR 200.946 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems, use of Materials... product, the administrator's validation mark and the manufacturer's certification of compliance with the... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Building product standards and...

Stochastic Computational Approach for Complex Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Junaid Ali; Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor; Qureshi, Ijaz Mansoor

2011-01-01

We present an evolutionary computational approach for the solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NLODEs). The mathematical modeling is performed by a feed-forward artificial neural network that defines an unsupervised error. The training of these networks is achieved by a hybrid intelligent algorithm, a combination of global search with genetic algorithm and local search by pattern search technique. The applicability of this approach ranges from single order NLODEs, to systems of coupled differential equations. We illustrate the method by solving a variety of model problems and present comparisons with solutions obtained by exact methods and classical numerical methods. The solution is provided on a continuous finite time interval unlike the other numerical techniques with comparable accuracy. With the advent of neuroprocessors and digital signal processors the method becomes particularly interesting due to the expected essential gains in the execution speed. (general)

Breakup of the H2 molecule by xuv laser pulses: A time-dependent treatment in prolate spheroidal coordinates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guan Xiaoxu; Bartschat, Klaus; Schneider, Barry I

2012-01-01

We present theoretical predictions for one-photon double-ionization of H 2 by an xuv laser pulse. The results were obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in prolate spheroidal coordinates. Good agreement is obtained with predictions from other time-dependent and time-independent calculations, except for the recent 'exterior complex scaling' treatment by Tao et al. (Phys. Rev. A 82 023423).

La continuidad del discurso neoconservador frente a la política exterior de la administración Obama

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Manuel Iglesias

2015-05-01

Full Text Available A lo largo del pasado sexenio, la doctrina neoconservadora se ha convertido en la voz más beligerante contra la política exterior de la Administración Obama. Este artículo se propone analizar el contenido de la crítica neoconservadora, una crítica radical, pues no se limita a un disenso menor en torno a determinadas áreas temáticas o regionales de la política exterior estadounidense, sino que se presenta como un rechazo frontal tanto a sus fundamentos teóricos como a su implementación práctica. De este modo, se verá que el neoconservadurismo continúa firmemente apegado a sus principios, con un discurso que mantiene como eje su particular concepción del excepcionalismo americano. El neoconservadurismo sigue defendiendo la validez de sus ideas centrales y se reivindica como la mejor doctrina de política exterior posible para los EE.UU., la única adecuada para evitar su declive internacional y mantener el "orden mundial americano" en las próximas décadas. Ello nos permitirá observar cómo, pese a su actual falta de influencia política, el mismo sigue gozando de una vitalidad que contradice las recurrentes afirmaciones sobre su desaparición.

Application of parametric equations of motion to study the resonance coalescence in H2(+).

Science.gov (United States)

Kalita, Dhruba J; Gupta, Ashish K

2012-12-07

Recently, occurrence of coalescence point was reported in H(2)(+) undergoing multiphoton dissociation in strong laser field. We have applied parametric equations of motion and smooth exterior scaling method to study the coalescence phenomenon of H(2)(+). The advantage of this method is that one can easily trace the different states that are changing as the field parameters change. It was reported earlier that in the parameter space, only two bound states coalesce [R. Lefebvre, O. Atabek, M. Sindelka, and N. Moiseyev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 123003 (2009)]. However, it is found that increasing the accuracy of the calculation leads to the coalescence between resonance states originating from the bound and the continuum states. We have also reported many other coalescence points.

Política exterior española: El juego europeo de España

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Nieva Machín

2011-10-01

Full Text Available España tradicionalmente ha sido un miembro activo dentro de la unión Europea con un profundo carácter europeísta. Sin embargo los intereses de España están cada vez más distanciados de los de la corriente principal. La política exterior española carece de rumbo marcado y objetivos concretos establecidos y consensuados siendo ya más que evidente la carencia de una reflexión estratégica sobre qué se quiere lograr en Europa y como se quiere hacer. La falta de iniciativas y la pérdida de peso político de España en Europa y en el mundo, tras los efectos de la crisis económica y la indecisión gubernamental al respecto, ha afectado negativamente la imagen internacional de España como potencia media limitando su capacidad de influencia internacional. España está todavía a tiempo de reconducir su política exterior hacia Europa si se toman las medidas oportunas.

Estudios de caso de la política exterior española hacia el Mundo Árabe y Musulmán: Egipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bárbara Azaola Piazza

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se basa en el análisis de una serie de nuevos indicadores en el estudio de las relaciones exteriores españolas hacia Egipto. Los datos que aporta la Base de Datos sobre Política Exterior (BDPEX destacan la importancia de Egipto en la política exterior española. La presencia histórica española en el país a través de su red de representaciones en el exterior, el número de representantes españoles residentes en el país, el intercambio de visitas de alto nivel, la firma de convenios y tratados, las cifras económicas, la aportación española a la cooperación internacional y la presencia egipcia en el debate parlamentario español así lo demuestran. This article is based on the analysis of a series of new indicators in the study of Spanish foreign relations with Egypt. The data provided by the BDPEX emphasize the centrality of Egypt in Spanish foreign policy. The Spanish historical presence in the country through its network of offices abroad, the number of Spanish representatives resident in the country, the exchange of high level visits, the signing of agreements and treaties, economic data, the Spanish contribution to international cooperation and the Egyptian presence in the Spanish parliamentary debate are used as evidence.

The covariant form of Maxwell equations for the fast simulation of the eddy current non destructive testing of complex specimens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caire, Francois

2014-01-01

This PhD work concerns the development of fast numerical tools, dedicated to the computation of the electromagnetic interaction between a low frequency 3D current source and a complex conductor, presenting rough interfaces and/or conductivity variations. The main application concerns the simulation of the Eddy Current nondestructive testing process applied to complex specimens. Indeed, the semi-analytical models available today are restricted to canonical geometries. The proposed method is based on the covariant form of Maxwell's equations, which translates the physical equations and relationships in a non-orthogonal coordinate system depending on the geometry of the specimen. Historically, this method (Curvilinear Coordinate Method, CCM or C-method) has been developed in the framework of optical applications, particularly for the characterization of diffraction gratings. Here, we transpose this formalism into the quasi-static regime and we extend the Second Order Vector Potential formalism, initially dedicated to orthonormal curvilinear coordinates systems, to general curvilinear coordinate systems. Thanks to this change of base, we are able to determine numerically a set of modal solutions of the source-free Maxwell equations in the new coordinate system introduced, and this allows us to represent the unknown fields as modal expansions in source-free domains. Then, the coefficients of these expansions are computed by introducing the source fields and by enforcing the boundary conditions that the total fields must verify at interfaces between the different media. In order to tackle the case of a layered conductor presenting rough interfaces, the generalized SOVP formalism is coupled with a recursive routine called the S-matrix algorithm. On the other hand, the application case of a complex shape specimen with depth-varying physical properties is treated by coupling the modal method we developed with a high-order numerical method: pseudo-spectral method. The

Dimensión social de la publicidad exterior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lic. Marta Pacheco Rueda

1998-01-01

Full Text Available La publicidad exterior moderna nace en España a principios de los años 60, en un período en que desde el gobierno se acomete una serie de iniciativas tendentes a reactivar la economía del país. La incipiente apertura económica no es desaprovechada por grandes firmas internacionales que aumentan sus inversiones e introducen en el mercado español productos con una larga tradición de consumo en los países occidentales industrializados. Se produce el asentamiento definitivo de las agencias multinacionales de publicidad, de procedencia norteamericana sobre todo, que traen consigo técnicas que responden a una filosofía de marketing, término que si en aquel momento resulta un tanto extraño, con el paso de los años se convierte en un vocablo de uso extendido.

Generación de un nuevo revestimiento arquitectónico, a partir del grafeno, aplicado a las pinturas exteriores de los edificios

OpenAIRE

Peña Benítez, Pedro Rafael de la

2017-01-01

En este trabajo, realizado para optar al grado de doctor, se investigan las posibilidades que ofrece la nanotecnología en la arquitectura a través de la aplicación del grafeno en las pinturas exteriores que actualmente se utilizan en la construcción. Mediante la experimentación y el análisis de los procesos es posible demostrar que el grafeno es un revestimiento arquitectónico que mejora las propiedades mecánicas y de durabilidad de las pinturas exteriores. Los objetivos de esta investigación...

Meshes optimized for discrete exterior calculus (DEC).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mousley, Sarah C. [Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Deakin, Michael [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Knupp, Patrick [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Mitchell, Scott A. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2017-12-01

We study the optimization of an energy function used by the meshing community to measure and improve mesh quality. This energy is non-traditional because it is dependent on both the primal triangulation and its dual Voronoi (power) diagram. The energy is a measure of the mesh's quality for usage in Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC), a method for numerically solving PDEs. In DEC, the PDE domain is triangulated and this mesh is used to obtain discrete approximations of the continuous operators in the PDE. The energy of a mesh gives an upper bound on the error of the discrete diagonal approximation of the Hodge star operator. In practice, one begins with an initial mesh and then makes adjustments to produce a mesh of lower energy. However, we have discovered several shortcomings in directly optimizing this energy, e.g. its non-convexity, and we show that the search for an optimized mesh may lead to mesh inversion (malformed triangles). We propose a new energy function to address some of these issues.

Highly efficient parallel direct solver for solving dense complex matrix equations from method of moments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yan Chen

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Based on the vectorised and cache optimised kernel, a parallel lower upper decomposition with a novel communication avoiding pivoting scheme is developed to solve dense complex matrix equations generated by the method of moments. The fine-grain data rearrangement and assembler instructions are adopted to reduce memory accessing times and improve CPU cache utilisation, which also facilitate vectorisation of the code. Through grouping processes in a binary tree, a parallel pivoting scheme is designed to optimise the communication pattern and thus reduces the solving time of the proposed solver. Two large electromagnetic radiation problems are solved on two supercomputers, respectively, and the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms those in open source and commercial libraries.

Validity of Saha's equation of thermal ionization for negatively charged spherical particles in complex plasmas in thermal equilibrium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sodha, M. S.; Mishra, S. K.

2011-01-01

The authors have discussed the validity of Saha's equation for the charging of negatively charged spherical particles in a complex plasma in thermal equilibrium, even when the tunneling of the electrons, through the potential energy barrier surrounding the particle is considered. It is seen that the validity requires the probability of tunneling of an electron through the potential energy barrier surrounding the particle to be independent of the direction (inside to outside and vice versa) or in other words the Born's approximation should be valid.

An efficient fringe integral equation method for optimizing the antenna location on complex bodies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter; Breinbjerg, Olav

2001-01-01

The radiation pattern of an antenna mounted nearby, or directly on, a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure can be significantly influenced by this structure. Integral equations combined with the method of moments (MoM) provide an accurate means for calculating the scattering from the structures...... in such applications. The structure is then modelled by triangular or rectangular surface patches with corresponding surface current expansion functions. A MoM matrix which is independent of the antenna location can be obtained by modelling the antenna as an impressed electric or magnetic source, e.g., a slot antenna...... can be modelled by a magnetic Hertzian dipole. For flush-mounted antennas, or antennas mounted in close vicinity of the scattering structure, the nearby impressed source induces a highly peaked surface current on the scattering structure. For the low-order basis functions usually applied...

Exact solutions of nonlinear fractional differential equations by (G′/G)-expansion method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bekir Ahmet; Güner Özkan

2013-01-01

In this paper, we use the fractional complex transform and the (G′/G)-expansion method to study the nonlinear fractional differential equations and find the exact solutions. The fractional complex transform is proposed to convert a partial fractional differential equation with Jumarie's modified Riemann—Liouville derivative into its ordinary differential equation. It is shown that the considered transform and method are very efficient and powerful in solving wide classes of nonlinear fractional order equations

Perturbations of linear delay differential equations at the verge of instability.

Science.gov (United States)

Lingala, N; Namachchivaya, N Sri

2016-06-01

The characteristic equation for a linear delay differential equation (DDE) has countably infinite roots on the complex plane. This paper considers linear DDEs that are on the verge of instability, i.e., a pair of roots of the characteristic equation lies on the imaginary axis of the complex plane and all other roots have negative real parts. It is shown that when small noise perturbations are present, the probability distribution of the dynamics can be approximated by the probability distribution of a certain one-dimensional stochastic differential equation (SDE) without delay. This is advantageous because equations without delay are easier to simulate and one-dimensional SDEs are analytically tractable. When the perturbations are also linear, it is shown that the stability depends on a specific complex number. The theory is applied to study oscillators with delayed feedback. Some errors in other articles that use multiscale approach are pointed out.

Quantum theory from a nonlinear perspective Riccati equations in fundamental physics

CERN Document Server

Schuch, Dieter

2018-01-01

This book provides a unique survey displaying the power of Riccati equations to describe reversible and irreversible processes in physics and, in particular, quantum physics. Quantum mechanics is supposedly linear, invariant under time-reversal, conserving energy and, in contrast to classical theories, essentially based on the use of complex quantities. However, on a macroscopic level, processes apparently obey nonlinear irreversible evolution equations and dissipate energy. The Riccati equation, a nonlinear equation that can be linearized, has the potential to link these two worlds when applied to complex quantities. The nonlinearity can provide information about the phase-amplitude correlations of the complex quantities that cannot be obtained from the linearized form. As revealed in this wide ranging treatment, Riccati equations can also be found in many diverse fields of physics from Bose-Einstein-condensates to cosmology. The book will appeal to graduate students and theoretical physicists interested in ...

Comercio exterior del sector porcino mexicano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Encarnación Ernesto Bobadilla-Soto

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la dinámica del comercio exterior porcino mexicano, y el efecto de las importaciones de productos porcinos en el desplazamiento y sustitución de la producción en México. Para la dinámica se analizaron las tasas de crecimiento (decremento y las variaciones tanto en volumen y valor del subsector, de las fracciones arancelarias agrupadas en dos grandes rubros: a animales vivos y b carnes y despojos comestibles, que tienen un impacto directo en el desplazamiento y sustitución de la producción nacional. El desplazamiento y sustitución se calcularon con la suma de los valores de las importaciones, su relación con los pesos en canal de los animales durante los años analizados, y su equivalente en porcentaje a número de animales. El estudio comprende de 1990 a 2008. La balanza comercial al inicio del estudio fue de -180 mil toneladas equivalente a 1.4 millones de cerdos desplazados y al 13 % de la producción nacional. Para el 2008, la balanza comercial fue -581 mil toneladas, los cerdos desplazados se incrementaron a 5.9 millones equivalente al 39 % de la producción nacional.

The multidensity integral equation approach in the theory of complex liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holovko, M.F.

2001-01-01

Recent development of the multi-density integral equation approach and its application to the statistical mechanical modelling of a different type of association and clusterization in liquids and solutions are reviewed. The effects of dimerization, polymerization and network formation are discussed. The numerical and analytical solutions of the integral equations in the multi-density formalism for pair correlation functions are used for the description of structural and thermodynamical properties of ionic solutions, polymers and network forming fluids

Building America Case Study: Construction Guidelines for High R-Value Walls without Exterior Rigid Insulation, Cold Climate Region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2017-01-01

High-R wall assemblies (R-40 and above) are gaining popularity in the market due to programs like the DOE's Zero Energy Ready Home program, Passive House (PH), Net Zero Energy Home (NZEH) challenges in several states, and highly incentivized retrofit programs. In response to this demand, several builders have successfully used 'double wall' systems to more practically achieve higher R-values in thicker, framed walls. To builders of conventional stick-framed homes, often one of the most appealing features of double wall systems is that there are very few new exterior details. Exterior sheathing, structural bracing, house wrap or building paper, window and door flashing, and siding attachment are usually identical to good details in conventional framed wall systems. The information presented in this guide is intended to reduce the risk of failure in these types of assemblies, increase durability, and result in a reduction of material brought to landfills due to failures and resulting decay. While this document focuses on double wall framing techniques, the majority of the information on how to properly construct and finish high R-value assemblies is applicable to all wall assemblies that do not have foam insulation installed on the exterior of the structural sheathing. The techniques presented have been shown through field studies to reduce the likelihood of mold growth and moisture related damage and are intended for builders, framing contractors, architects, and consultants involved in designing and building super insulated homes.

Teacher Transformation from Complex Thinking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johana Carolina Peña Lozada

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The present article is a qualitative investigation of phenomenological interpretative paradigm, of documentary type; and seeks to analyze the transformation of the teacher from the complex thinking, centered on the teacher-student benefit, through a bibliographic documentary triangulation of the authors Edgar Morin and Matthew Lipman with the subject of complex thinking and the necessary knowledge for education, David Ausubel, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky with educational psychology, Pérez Esclarín with the humanization of education, and finally with contributions from Honore Bernard, UNESCO in the field of teacher transformation. Faced with the crisis and the evolution of education in Latin America requires an educational reform where innovation, creativity, training, vocation and love of teaching practices are contemplated, looking towards the adjustment profile of the current reality of apprentices, assuming in a continuous way the challenge of breaking barriers that obstruct the goal that is pursued in the multidimensional, professional, spiritual and human field, immersed in the complexity of their work, and interacting with all the interior and exterior elements of their humanity that are exposed in the challenge of complex thinking.

Phasor Alternatives to Friis’ Transmission Equation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Franek, Ondrej

2018-01-01

Two alternatives to Friis’ transmission equation in terms of phasor voltage waves are presented. In one formulation antennas are characterized by the complex effective length vectors. An additional form introducing field gain, that serves effectively as a phasor counterpart to the power gain......, is proposed. Both forms show the same degree of symmetry and modularity as the original Friis’ equation, but thanks to using phasors instead of power quantities they allow for superposition of fields or voltages. Although the new transmission equations are formulated in frequency domain, they also constitute...

General complex rotated finite-element method for predissociation studies of diatomic molecules: An application on the (1-6)1Σg+ states of H2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersson, Stefan; Elander, Nils

2004-01-01

An exterior complex rotated finite element method was applied on the diabatic multichannel Schroedinger equation in order to compute and compare rovibronic energy structures, predissociation widths, and nonradiative lifetimes for levels in the (1-4) (1-5), and (1-6) 1 Σ g + manifolds of H 2 . The rotationless (v,J=0) levels are found to be more or less shifted relative to each other when comparing the results for these three manifolds. The existence of homogeneous spectroscopic perturbations was investigated by studying the rovibronic (v,J=0-10) sequences for energies and level widths. Known experimental and theoretical radiative lifetimes were used to estimate present levels that might be spectroscopically measurable. The computed level widths for the EF, GK, and H electronic levels were generally found to be about two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported [P. Quadrelli, K. Pressler, and L. Woiniewicz, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 4958 (1990)], indicating a somewhat stronger predissociation

Computing with linear equations and matrices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Churchhouse, R.F.

1983-01-01

Systems of linear equations and matrices arise in many disciplines. The equations may accurately represent conditions satisfied by a system or, more likely, provide an approximation to a more complex system of non-linear or differential equations. The system may involve a few or many thousand unknowns and each individual equation may involve few or many of them. Over the past 50 years a vast literature on methods for solving systems of linear equations and the associated problems of finding the inverse or eigenvalues of a matrix has been produced. These lectures cover those methods which have been found to be most useful for dealing with such types of problem. References are given where appropriate and attention is drawn to the possibility of improved methods for use on vector and parallel processors. (orig.)

Integrable discretization s of derivative nonlinear Schroedinger equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuchida, Takayuki

2002-01-01

We propose integrable discretizations of derivative nonlinear Schroedinger (DNLS) equations such as the Kaup-Newell equation, the Chen-Lee-Liu equation and the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation by constructing Lax pairs. The discrete DNLS systems admit the reduction of complex conjugation between two dependent variables and possess bi-Hamiltonian structure. Through transformations of variables and reductions, we obtain novel integrable discretizations of the nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS), modified KdV (mKdV), mixed NLS, matrix NLS, matrix KdV, matrix mKdV, coupled NLS, coupled Hirota, coupled Sasa-Satsuma and Burgers equations. We also discuss integrable discretizations of the sine-Gordon equation, the massive Thirring model and their generalizations. (author)

Energy decay for solutions to semilinear systems of elastic waves in exterior domains

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Marcio V. Ferreira

2006-05-01

Full Text Available We consider the dynamical system of elasticity in the exterior of a bounded open domain in 3-D with smooth boundary. We prove that under the effect of "weak" dissipation, the total energy decays at a uniform rate as $t o +infty$, provided the initial data is "small" at infinity. No assumptions on the geometry of the obstacle are required. The results are then applied to a semilinear problem proving global existence and decay for small initial data.

Histopathologic changes induced in rats by localized x-irradiation of an exteriorized segment of the small intestine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sebes, J I; Zaldivar, R; Vogel, Jr, H H [Tennessee Univ., Memphis (USA). Dept. of Radiation Oncology; Tennessee Univ., Memphis (USA). Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology)

1975-10-01

The sequence of histopathological changes was described after X-irradiation of the exteriorized segment (3 cm) of the rat ileum with a single dose of 2,200 R. A one-year follow-up was provided in rats whose exteriorized intestinal segments were irradiated. Comparisons were made between one group of animals in which the superior mesenteric artery and vein were clamped during irradiation and a second group in which these vessels were not clamped. A third group of sham-irradiated controls was used for comparisons. There was a delay in the onset and progression of the radiation damage to the mucosa of the hypoxic animals in the acute post-irradiation phase. In addition, prolongation of survival in the rats with the superior mesenteric vessels clamped was observed. Mucosal regeneration was noted, occurring at 52 days post-exposure. No adenocarcinomas were found up to 354 days after irradiation. An angiofibroma and a highly differentiated osteoid lesion were described.

Compare the difference of architecture design in Hong Kong and Penang – Exterior wall

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Liu Wen Tao

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This research focuses on the exterior wall of architecture design of Hong Kong and Penang, it also analyzes how light pollution affects human life. As we know, Hong Kong prefers to use steel to build skyscrapers and middle or high rise buildings. However, Penang prefers to use concrete to do the construction. So, there are some advantages and disadvantages between the glass curtain wall and concrete wall in Hong Kong and Penang. The researcher used 400 samples to determine effect of the glass curtain wall and concrete wall on human life in Hong Kong and Penang separately. The result is light pollution created by glass curtain wall in Hong Kong is a serious problem to residents’ life. The glass curtain wall seriously glaze people’s eyes who drive or walk on the street. Thus, many car accidents were caused by this problem. The concrete wall is more often contaminated by fungus and difficult to clean. But, concrete wall is more natural and green for humans. Therefore, from the sustainable aspect that concrete is more healthy for humans, the previous researchers suggest that if the exterior wall is a mixture of both glass curtain and concrete it will not cause light pollution and will be easily involved in the natural environment.

STABILITY OF A FUNCTIONAL EQUATION IN COMPLEX BANACH SPACES

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PRATAP MONDAL

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Using fixed point technique, in the present paper , we wish to examine gen- eralization of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability theorem for the functional equations f ( 2 x + i y + f ( x + 2 i y = 4 f ( x + i y + f ( x + f ( y (0.1 and f ( 2 x + i y .

Estimation of exterior vertical daylight for the humid tropic of Kota Kinabalu city in East Malaysia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Djamila, Harimi; Ming, Chu Chi; Kumaresan, Sivakumar [School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah (Malaysia)

2011-01-15

In tropical regions natural daylight has been a fundamental factor in building design. It is the most efficient way of lighting a building in the daytime and has a great potential for energy conservation in buildings. In Malaysia there are a limited available data of measured illuminance which is the case of several regions in the tropics. Using established models it is possible to predict the luminous efficacy and then estimate the monthly mean hourly exterior illuminance. In this study two different models were chosen. The Perez and Du Mortier-Perraudeau-Page-Littlefair models were selected for the prediction of hourly exterior horizontal illuminance for the city of Kota Kinabalu in East Malaysia. Comparison between the two models were made. The vertical hourly illuminance was predicted also using Perez approach. The potentiality of daylight in four orientations was discussed. This study highlights the importance of Sunpath diagram on daylight illuminance during the conceptual design stage. The results in this study is hoped to contribute further insight into the potentiality of daylighting of tropical sky. (author)

Difference in electron thermal diffusivity and profile between interior and exterior of TFTR L-mode plasmas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hiroe, S.; Johnson, D.W.; Goldston, R.J.

1990-01-01

The local properties such as scale lengths of the electron density (L n e ), temperature (L T e ), and pressure (L p e ), and the electron thermal diffusivity χ e (r) (m 2 /s) for r/a > 0.3 have been studied for TFTR L-mode discharges under the assumption of χ e = χ i . The scale lengths and the electron thermal diffusivity in the interior 0.3 e can be expressed as (with correlation coefficient R = 0.61), χ e (r) = 1.44 x 10 18 (r/a) 1.0 T e (r) 0.1 q(r) 0.1 /n e 0.9 (r). In the exterior region (0.55 e can be described as (with R = 0.68), χ e (r) = 2.3 x 10 3 (r/a) 1.7 T e (r) 0.7 q(r) 0.8 /n e 0.2 (r). It is interesting to note the negative n e dependence of χ e in the interior and the positive T e dependence of χ e in the exterior

Integrated Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Analysis of Exterior Wall Systems for Residential Buildings

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Reza Broun

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates the breakdown of primary energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG emissions of two common types of exterior walls in the U.K.: insulated concrete form (ICF and cavity walls. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental performance of each exterior wall system over 50 years of service life in Edinburgh and Bristol. The results indicate that for both wall systems, use phase is the major contributor to the overall environmental impacts, mainly due to associated electricity consumption. For the ICF wall system in Edinburgh, 91% of GHG emissions were attributed to the use phase, with 7.8% in the pre-use and 1.2% in end-of-life phases. For the same system in Bristol, emissions were 89%, 9% and 2%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for cavity wall systems in both locations. It was concluded that in each scenario, the ICF wall system performed better when compared to the cavity wall system. The results of the sensitivity analysis clearly show that the uncertainties relevant to the change of the thickness of the wall are quite tolerable: variable up to 5%, as far as energy and greenhouse emissions are concerned.

Diffusive instabilities in hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations

Science.gov (United States)

Zemskov, Evgeny P.; Horsthemke, Werner

2016-03-01

We investigate two-variable reaction-diffusion systems of the hyperbolic type. A linear stability analysis is performed, and the conditions for diffusion-driven instabilities are derived. Two basic types of eigenvalues, real and complex, are described. Dispersion curves for both types of eigenvalues are plotted and their behavior is analyzed. The real case is related to the Turing instability, and the complex one corresponds to the wave instability. We emphasize the interesting feature that the wave instability in the hyperbolic equations occurs in two-variable systems, whereas in the parabolic case one needs three reaction-diffusion equations.

A note on the Lie symmetries of complex partial differential

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Folklore suggests that the split Lie-like operators of a complex partial differential equation are symmetries of the split system of real partial differential equations. However, this is not the case generally. We illustrate this by using the complex heat equation, wave equation with dissipation, the nonlinear Burgers equation and ...

Las contradicciones entre las políticas interior y exterior en la Rumania de la Guerra Fría (1956-1975

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María Dolores Ferrero Blanco

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo va a tratar del desarrollo paralelo de las políticas interior y exterior del gobierno rumano en la Guerra Fría. Para ello se ha utilizado documentación proveniente del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de la Hemeroteca Nacional. Se ha buscado contrastar la información proveniente de medios oficiales (informes de embajadores, cónsules o representantes comerciales con la ofrecida por los rumanos exiliados en España (principalmente a través de su publicación El Boletín Rumano. Asimismo, se han consultado los fondos de periódicos como Ya, ABC o Arriba. Como principal conclusión, se extrae que entre las políticas interior y exterior funcionó un mecanismo de retroalimentación que las completaba entre sí, apuntalando el régimen. Este mismo efecto fue provocado por las relaciones y contactos mantenidos por países del exterior del bloque.________________ABSTRACT:This article deals with the parallel development of domestic and foreign policy of the Rumanian government during the Cold War. For it, documentation of the Foreign Ministry and the National Hemeroteque has been used. The aim was to contrast the information coming from official sources (such as reports of ambassadors, consuls or sales representatives with attestations made by the Romanians exiled in Spain (principally thanks to their publication, called El Boletín Rumano. Likewise, the newspaper archives of Ya, ABC or Arriba have been consulted. The most important result, is that it is attested that there were a feedback mechanism between domestic and foreign policy which matched them, supporting the regime. The same effect was caused by relations and contacts with western countries.

Extraperitoneal exteriorization for treatment of colonic injuries:a report of 24 cases

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Lian-yang ZHANG

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of extraperitoneal exteriorization after repair or anastomosis of colonic injuries.Methods The clinical data of 24 cases of colonic injuries from Jan.2001 to Nov.2010 were retrospectively analyzed,including 13 males and 11 females,age from 12 to 77 with a mean of 37.4 years.The causes of colon injury were blunt trauma in 17 cases,penetrating injury in 5 cases,and iatrogenic in 2 cases.Of them 15 were admitted to our hospital directly after the injury,and the rest were transferred from other hospitals after emergency surgical management.Data on colonic injury score,incision infection,intra-abdominal abscess,colonic fistula,pulmonary infection and death rate were recorded.Results The injured region was respectively cecum,ascending colon,decending colon and sigmoid colon.Abbreviated injury scale(AIS of colonic injuries ranged form 2 to 4(with a mean of 2.57.Multiple injuries in abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity were found in 12 patients.The time from injury to definitive operation ranged from 3 to 26(mean,9.8 hours.Twenty-three patient recovered and 1 patient died of hemorrhagic shock.Complications occurred in 5 cases(20.8%,including incision infection in 3 cases,colonic fistula in 1 case and low small intestine obstruction in 1 case.Conclusion Extra-peritoneal exteriorization of colon following repair of rapture or anastomosis is an effective and safe method in treating colonic injuries,especially in patients with delayed operation,and one-stage operation rate can be increased by this procedure.

Sharp asymptotic estimates for vorticity solutions of the 2D Navier-Stokes equation

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Yuncheng You

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The asymptotic dynamics of high-order temporal-spatial derivatives of the two-dimensional vorticity and velocity of an incompressible, viscous fluid flow in $mathbb{R}^2$ are studied, which is equivalent to the 2D Navier-Stokes equation. It is known that for any integrable initial vorticity, the 2D vorticity solution converges to the Oseen vortex. In this paper, sharp exterior decay estimates of the temporal-spatial derivatives of the vorticity solution are established. These estimates are then used and combined with similarity and $L^p$ compactness to show the asymptotical attraction rates of temporal-spatial derivatives of generic 2D vorticity and velocity solutions by the Oseen vortices and velocity solutions respectively. The asymptotic estimates and the asymptotic attraction rates of all the derivatives obtained in this paper are independent of low or high Reynolds numbers.

Hadamard States for the Klein-Gordon Equation on Lorentzian Manifolds of Bounded Geometry

Science.gov (United States)

Gérard, Christian; Oulghazi, Omar; Wrochna, Michał

2017-06-01

We consider the Klein-Gordon equation on a class of Lorentzian manifolds with Cauchy surface of bounded geometry, which is shown to include examples such as exterior Kerr, Kerr-de Sitter spacetime and the maximal globally hyperbolic extension of the Kerr outer region. In this setup, we give an approximate diagonalization and a microlocal decomposition of the Cauchy evolution using a time-dependent version of the pseudodifferential calculus on Riemannian manifolds of bounded geometry. We apply this result to construct all pure regular Hadamard states (and associated Feynman inverses), where regular refers to the state's two-point function having Cauchy data given by pseudodifferential operators. This allows us to conclude that there is a one-parameter family of elliptic pseudodifferential operators that encodes both the choice of (pure, regular) Hadamard state and the underlying spacetime metric.

Application of the cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation of state to complex mixtures with aromatic hydrocarbons

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Folas, Georgios; Kontogeorgis, Georgios; Michelsen, Michael Locht

2006-01-01

The cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation of state is applied to phase equilibria of mixtures containing alcohols, glycols, water, and aromatic or olefinic hydrocarbons. Previously, CPA has been successfully used for mixtures containing various associating compounds (alcohols, glycols, amines......, organic acids, and water) and aliphatic hydrocarbons. We show in this work that the model can be satisfactorily extended to complex vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria with aromatic or olefinic hydrocarbons. The solvation between aromatics/olefinics and polar compounds is accounted for. This is particularly...... important for mixtures containing water and glycols, but less so for mixtures with alcohols. For water/hydrocarbons, a single binary interaction parameter which accounts for the solvation is fitted to the experimental liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data. The interaction parameter of the physical term...

Higher order field equations. II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tolhoek, H.A.

1977-01-01

In a previous paper wave propagation was studied according to a sixth-order partial differential equation involving a complex mass M. The corresponding Yang-Feldman integral equations (indicated as SM-YF-equations), were formulated using modified Green's functions Gsub(R)sup(M)(x) and Gsub(A)sup(M)(x), which then incorporate the partial differential equation together with certain boundary conditions. In this paper certain limit properties of these modified Green's functions are derived: (a) It is shown that for mod(M)→infinity the Green's functions Gsub(R)sup(M)(x) and Gsub(A)sup(M)(x) approach the Green's functions Δsub(R)(x) and Δsub(A)(x) of the corresponding KG-equation (Klein-Gordon equation). (b) It is further shown that the asymptotic behaviour of Gsub(R)sup(M)(x) and Gsub(A)sup(M)(x) is the same as of Δsub(R)(x) and Δsub(A)(x)-and also the same as for Dsub(R)(x) and Dsub(A)(x) for t→+-infinity;, where Dsub(R) and Dsub(A) are the Green's functions for the KG-equation with mass zero. It is essential to take limits in the sense of distribution theory in both cases (a) and (b). The property (b) indicates that the wave propagation properties of the SM-YF-equations, the KG-equation with finite mass and the KG-equation with mass zero are closely related in an asymptotic sense. (Auth.)

Semigroup methods for evolution equations on networks

CERN Document Server

Mugnolo, Delio

2014-01-01

This concise text is based on a series of lectures held only a few years ago and originally intended as an introduction to known results on linear hyperbolic and parabolic equations.  Yet the topic of differential equations on graphs, ramified spaces, and more general network-like objects has recently gained significant momentum and, well beyond the confines of mathematics, there is a lively interdisciplinary discourse on all aspects of so-called complex networks. Such network-like structures can be found in virtually all branches of science, engineering and the humanities, and future research thus calls for solid theoretical foundations.      This book is specifically devoted to the study of evolution equations – i.e., of time-dependent differential equations such as the heat equation, the wave equation, or the Schrödinger equation (quantum graphs) – bearing in mind that the majority of the literature in the last ten years on the subject of differential equations of graphs has been devoted to ellip...

El comercio exterior durante la década revolucionaria: un acercamiento preliminar

OpenAIRE

Sandra Kuntz Ficker

2001-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un primer acercamiento sistemático al análisis del comercio exterior de México durante la década de 1910. Tal objetivo se ha visto obstaculizado en el pasado por la escasez de fuentes cuantitativas de procedencia mexicana para los años de la revolución. Para suplir esta carencia, este artículo recurre a las estadísticas comerciales publicadas por los principales socios de México durante estos años (Estados Unidos, Gran Bretaña y Francia). A pa...

Macroscopic balance equations for two-phase flow models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hughes, E.D.

1979-01-01

The macroscopic, or overall, balance equations of mass, momentum, and energy are derived for a two-fluid model of two-phase flows in complex geometries. These equations provide a base for investigating methods of incorporating improved analysis methods into computer programs, such as RETRAN, which are used for transient and steady-state thermal-hydraulic analyses of nuclear steam supply systems. The equations are derived in a very general manner so that three-dimensional, compressible flows can be analysed. The equations obtained supplement the various partial differential equation two-fluid models of two-phase flow which have recently appeared in the literature. The primary objective of the investigation is the macroscopic balance equations. (Auth.)

Quantum trajectories for time-dependent adiabatic master equations

Science.gov (United States)

Yip, Ka Wa; Albash, Tameem; Lidar, Daniel A.

2018-02-01

We describe a quantum trajectories technique for the unraveling of the quantum adiabatic master equation in Lindblad form. By evolving a complex state vector of dimension N instead of a complex density matrix of dimension N2, simulations of larger system sizes become feasible. The cost of running many trajectories, which is required to recover the master equation evolution, can be minimized by running the trajectories in parallel, making this method suitable for high performance computing clusters. In general, the trajectories method can provide up to a factor N advantage over directly solving the master equation. In special cases where only the expectation values of certain observables are desired, an advantage of up to a factor N2 is possible. We test the method by demonstrating agreement with direct solution of the quantum adiabatic master equation for 8-qubit quantum annealing examples. We also apply the quantum trajectories method to a 16-qubit example originally introduced to demonstrate the role of tunneling in quantum annealing, which is significantly more time consuming to solve directly using the master equation. The quantum trajectories method provides insight into individual quantum jump trajectories and their statistics, thus shedding light on open system quantum adiabatic evolution beyond the master equation.

A Note about the General Meromorphic Solutions of the Fisher Equation

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Jian-ming Qi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We employ the complex method to obtain the general meromorphic solutions of the Fisher equation, which improves the corresponding results obtained by Ablowitz and Zeppetella and other authors (Ablowitz and Zeppetella, 1979; Feng and Li, 2006; Guo and Chen, 1991, and wg,i(z are new general meromorphic solutions of the Fisher equation for c=±5i/6. Our results show that the complex method provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving great many nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics.

Influence of Connection Placement to the Behavior of Precast Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joint

OpenAIRE

Elly Tjahjono; Heru Purnomo

2010-01-01

This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of connection placement to the behaviour of exterior beamcolumn joint of precast concrete structure under semi cyclic loading. Four half-scale beam-column specimens were investigated. Three beam-columns were jointed through connection that are placed in beam-column joint region and the forth is connected at the plastic hinge potensial region of the beam. Crack patterns, strength, stiffness and ductility of the test specimens have been...

Exp-function method for solving fractional partial differential equations.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Bin

2013-01-01

We extend the Exp-function method to fractional partial differential equations in the sense of modified Riemann-Liouville derivative based on nonlinear fractional complex transformation. For illustrating the validity of this method, we apply it to the space-time fractional Fokas equation and the nonlinear fractional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation. As a result, some new exact solutions for them are successfully established.

Automotive Exterior Noise Optimization Using Grey Relational Analysis Coupled with Principal Component Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shuming; Wang, Dengfeng; Liu, Bo

This paper investigates optimization design of the thickness of the sound package performed on a passenger automobile. The major characteristics indexes for performance selected to evaluate the processes are the SPL of the exterior noise and the weight of the sound package, and the corresponding parameters of the sound package are the thickness of the glass wool with aluminum foil for the first layer, the thickness of the glass fiber for the second layer, and the thickness of the PE foam for the third layer. In this paper, the process is fundamentally with multiple performances, thus, the grey relational analysis that utilizes grey relational grade as performance index is especially employed to determine the optimal combination of the thickness of the different layers for the designed sound package. Additionally, in order to evaluate the weighting values corresponding to various performance characteristics, the principal component analysis is used to show their relative importance properly and objectively. The results of the confirmation experiments uncover that grey relational analysis coupled with principal analysis methods can successfully be applied to find the optimal combination of the thickness for each layer of the sound package material. Therefore, the presented method can be an effective tool to improve the vehicle exterior noise and lower the weight of the sound package. In addition, it will also be helpful for other applications in the automotive industry, such as the First Automobile Works in China, Changan Automobile in China, etc.

Schrödinger–Langevin equation with quantum trajectories for photodissociation dynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chou, Chia-Chun, E-mail: ccchou@mx.nthu.edu.tw

2017-02-15

The Schrödinger–Langevin equation is integrated to study the wave packet dynamics of quantum systems subject to frictional effects by propagating an ensemble of quantum trajectories. The equations of motion for the complex action and quantum trajectories are derived from the Schrödinger–Langevin equation. The moving least squares approach is used to evaluate the spatial derivatives of the complex action required for the integration of the equations of motion. Computational results are presented and analyzed for the evolution of a free Gaussian wave packet, a two-dimensional barrier model, and the photodissociation dynamics of NOCl. The absorption spectrum of NOCl obtained from the Schrödinger–Langevin equation displays a redshift when frictional effects increase. This computational result agrees qualitatively with the experimental results in the solution-phase photochemistry of NOCl.

Twisting null geodesic congruences and the Einstein-Maxwell equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newman, Ezra T; Silva-Ortigoza, Gilberto

2006-01-01

In a recent article, we returned to the study of asymptotically flat solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations with a rather unconventional point of view. The essential observation in that work was that from a given asymptotically flat vacuum spacetime with a given Bondi shear, one can find a class of asymptotically shear-free (but, in general, twisting) null geodesic congruences where the class was uniquely given up to the arbitrary choice of a complex analytic 'worldline' in a four-dimensional complex space. By imitating certain terms in the Weyl tensor that are found in the algebraically special type II metrics, this complex worldline could be made unique and given-or assigned-the physical meaning as the complex centre of mass. Equations of motion for this case were found. The purpose of the present work is to extend those results to asymptotically flat solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations. Once again, in this case, we get a class of asymptotically shear-free null geodesic congruences depending on a complex worldline in the same four-dimensional complex space. However in this case there will be, in general, two distinct but uniquely chosen worldlines, one of which can be assigned as the complex centre of charge while the other could be called the complex centre of mass. Rather than investigating the situation where there are two distinct complex worldlines, we study instead the special degenerate case where the two worldlines coincide, i.e., where there is a single unique worldline. This mimics the case of algebraically special Einstein-Maxwell fields where the degenerate principle null vector of the Weyl tensor coincides with a Maxwell principle null vector. Again we obtain equations of motion for this worldline-but explicitly found here only in an approximation. Though there are ambiguities in assigning physical meaning to different terms it appears as if reliance on the Kerr and charged Kerr metrics and classical electromagnetic radiation theory helps

La débil Europa: consideraciones críticas sobre la política exterior de la Unión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor C. Pascual Planchuelo

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la Política Exterior de la Unión Europea. Para ello se revisa la orientación general de todos los países miembros, sus agendas diplomáticas y posturas geoestratégicas. En un contexto global en el que la Unión Europea desempeña un rol de simple observador, sin posibilidad de ejercer un poder decisorio sobre los aspectos fundamentales de la política internacional, la única opción válida es la de reforzar la Política Exterior. La Unión Europea tiene la obligación de hablar ante el mundo con una sola voz, y no delegar los temas de defensa y seguridad al aliado de costumbre, los Estados Unidos.

Wigner distribution functions for complex dynamical systems: the emergence of the Wigner-Boltzmann equation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sels, Dries; Brosens, Fons

2013-10-01

The equation of motion for the reduced Wigner function of a system coupled to an external quantum system is presented for the specific case when the external quantum system can be modeled as a set of harmonic oscillators. The result is derived from the Wigner function formulation of the Feynman-Vernon influence functional theory. It is shown how the true self-energy for the equation of motion is connected with the influence functional for the path integral. Explicit expressions are derived in terms of the bare Wigner propagator. Finally, we show under which approximations the resulting equation of motion reduces to the Wigner-Boltzmann equation.

Work Models in the Design Process for House Interior and Exterior: Physical or Virtual?

Science.gov (United States)

Bradecki, Tomasz; Uherek-Bradecka, Barbara

2017-10-01

The article presents the effects of research on different types of models of single family houses and multifamily houses. Exterior layout and interior functional layout are the main drivers for the final result of a design. Models are an important medium for presentation of architectural designs and play a pivotal role in explaining the first idea to people and potential clients. Although 3D models have unlimited possibilities of representation, some people cannot understand or ‘feel’ the designed space. The authors try to test how to combine the interior and the exterior in a single synthetic model. Several models of different houses have been presented in the article. All the case studies were developed with physical models, 3D models, and 2D hand sketches. The main focus of the work with the models was to achieve a coherent vision for future feeling of open space in designed houses. The research shows how synthetic models might be helpful in the design process. The research was carried in the URBAN model research group (urbanmodel.org, Gliwice, Poland) that consists of academic researchers and architects. The models reflect architectural experience gathered by the authors during their work on theoretical models, architectural projects and by supervision on site during construction site visits. Conclusions might be helpful for developers, architects, interior designers and architecture students.

La Influencia de la Temperatura Exterior sobre los Sistemas de Ventilación Natural en Grandes Atrios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Espina, P.

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Natural venting systems present numerous advantages opposite to the mechanical exhaust for the smoke control – a reduction in both facilities and maintenance costs–. Nevertheless, the influence of numerous factors affects significantly their efficacy: the architectural characteristics of the building, the direction and wind velocity, the proximity of tall buildings, the smoke temperature, the environmental interior and exterior temperatures, the existence of snow or ice on the ceiling, etc. All of them are important, but the influence of the environmental exterior temperature plays a decisive role. The goal of this Investigation Research was to evaluate the influence of the external temperature on the smoke movement and the hot layer descent regarding the efficacy of the natural venting systems installed for the smoke control in large atria. The analysis was developed using the ‘Fire Dynamics Simulator - FDS’ model (1, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD model of fi re-driven fluid flow for the study of fire. The results demonstrated that a design that does not contemplate this factor can turn out to be inadequate, since it has a decisive influence to guarantee human safety. The obtained results showed very significant differences about the different parameters linked to the smoke movement in an atrium.Entre las diferentes estrategias de Control y Evacuación de los Humos del Incendio, los sistemas de ventilación natural presentan numerosas ventajas frente a la ventilación mecánica – fundamentalmente una menor inversión tanto en equipos como en gastos de mantenimiento –. Sin embargo, su eficacia depende de la influencia ejercida por numerosos factores – características arquitectónicas del edificio, dirección y velocidad del viento, proximidad de edificios de gran altura, temperatura de los humos, temperatura ambiental interior, temperatura en el exterior del recinto, existencia de nieve o hielo en

Randomized and quantum algorithms for solving initial-value problems in ordinary differential equations of order k

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maciej Goćwin

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The complexity of initial-value problems is well studied for systems of equations of first order. In this paper, we study the \\(\\varepsilon\\-complexity for initial-value problems for scalar equations of higher order. We consider two models of computation, the randomized model and the quantum model. We construct almost optimal algorithms adjusted to scalar equations of higher order, without passing to systems of first order equations. The analysis of these algorithms allows us to establish upper complexity bounds. We also show (almost matching lower complexity bounds. The \\(\\varepsilon\\-complexity in the randomized and quantum setting depends on the regularity of the right-hand side function, but is independent of the order of equation. Comparing the obtained bounds with results known in the deterministic case, we see that randomized algorithms give us a speed-up by \\(1/2\\, and quantum algorithms by \\(1\\ in the exponent. Hence, the speed-up does not depend on the order of equation, and is the same as for the systems of equations of first order. We also include results of some numerical experiments which confirm theoretical results.

Efficient Traveltime Solutions of the TI Acoustic Eikonal Equation

KAUST Repository

Waheed, Umair bin

2014-10-22

Numerical solutions of the eikonal (Hamilton-Jacobi) equation for transversely isotropic (TI) media are essential for integral imaging and traveltime tomography applications. Such solutions, however, suffer from the inherent higher-order nonlinearity of the TI eikonal equation, which requires solving a quartic polynomial at each computational step. Using perturbation theory, we approximate the first-order discretized form of the TI eikonal equation with a series of simpler equations for the coefficients of a polynomial expansion of the eikonal solution in terms of the anellipticity anisotropy parameter. Such perturbation, applied to the discretized form of the eikonal equation, does not impose any restrictions on the complexity of the perturbed parameter field. Therefore, it provides accurate traveltime solutions even for the anisotropic Marmousi model, with complex distribution of velocity and anellipticity anisotropy parameter. The formulation allows tremendous cost reduction compared to using the exact TI eikonal solver. Furthermore, comparative tests with previously developed approximations illustrate remarkable gain in accuracy of the proposed approximation, without any addition to the computational cost.

Efficient Traveltime Solutions of the TI Acoustic Eikonal Equation

KAUST Repository

Waheed, Umair bin; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali

2014-01-01

Numerical solutions of the eikonal (Hamilton-Jacobi) equation for transversely isotropic (TI) media are essential for integral imaging and traveltime tomography applications. Such solutions, however, suffer from the inherent higher-order nonlinearity of the TI eikonal equation, which requires solving a quartic polynomial at each computational step. Using perturbation theory, we approximate the first-order discretized form of the TI eikonal equation with a series of simpler equations for the coefficients of a polynomial expansion of the eikonal solution in terms of the anellipticity anisotropy parameter. Such perturbation, applied to the discretized form of the eikonal equation, does not impose any restrictions on the complexity of the perturbed parameter field. Therefore, it provides accurate traveltime solutions even for the anisotropic Marmousi model, with complex distribution of velocity and anellipticity anisotropy parameter. The formulation allows tremendous cost reduction compared to using the exact TI eikonal solver. Furthermore, comparative tests with previously developed approximations illustrate remarkable gain in accuracy of the proposed approximation, without any addition to the computational cost.

Dirichlet problem for Hermitian-Einstein equations over almost Hermitian manifolds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xi Zhang

2004-07-01

In this paper, we investigate the Dirichlet problem for Hermitian-Einstein equations on complex vector bundle over almost Hermitian manifolds, and we obtain the unique solubility of the Dirichlet problem for Hermitian-Einstein equations. (author)

Short communication: quantification of the transmission of microorganisms to milk via dirt attached to the exterior of teats

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vissers, M.M.M.; Driehuis, F.; Giffel, M.C.T.; Jong, de P.; Lankveld, J.M.G.

2007-01-01

Pathogens and spoilage microorganisms can be transmitted to milk via dirt (e.g., feces, bedding material, soil, or a combination of these) attached to the exterior of the cows¿ teats. To determine the relevance of this pathway and to perform quantitative microbial risk analysis of the microbial

On solutions of variable-order fractional differential equations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Akgül

2017-01-01

solutions to fractional differential equations are compelling to get in real applications, due to the nonlocality and complexity of the fractional differential operators, especially for variable-order fractional differential equations. Therefore, it is significant to enhanced numerical methods for fractional differential equations. In this work, we consider variable-order fractional differential equations by reproducing kernel method. There has been much attention in the use of reproducing kernels for the solutions to many problems in the recent years. We give two examples to demonstrate how efficiently our theory can be implemented in practice.

Isomorphic Operators and Functional Equations for the Skew-Circulant Algebra

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhaolin Jiang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The skew-circulant matrix has been used in solving ordinary differential equations. We prove that the set of skew-circulants with complex entries has an idempotent basis. On that basis, a skew-cyclic group of automorphisms and functional equations on the skew-circulant algebra is introduced. And different operators on linear vector space that are isomorphic to the algebra of n×n complex skew-circulant matrices are displayed in this paper.

A conservação e o restauro de revestimentos exteriores de edifícios antigos - Uma Metodologia de Estudo e Reparação

OpenAIRE

Tavares, M.

2009-01-01

Este registo pertence ao Repositório Científico do LNEC O presente trabalho reporta-se ao tema geral da conservação e restauro de revestimentos exteriores de edifícios antigos, destacando-se como tema específico as questões do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de estudo e reparação. Com este estudo foi possível um maior entendimento do comportamento dos revestimentos exteriores de edifícios antigos com base em cal, bem como estabelecer um maior rigor na aplicação de metodol...

Exact solutions of space-time fractional EW and modified EW equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korkmaz, Alper

2017-01-01

The bright soliton solutions and singular solutions are constructed for the space-time fractional EW and the space-time fractional modified EW (MEW) equations. Both equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by the use of fractional complex transform (FCT) and properties of modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. Then, various ansatz method are implemented to construct the solutions for both equations.

Stable chains and vortex equations on complex vector bundles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xi Zhang

2004-07-01

In this paper, we study an object on almost Hermitian manifold M consisting of a finite number of J i -holomorphic vector bundles E i over M and homomorphisms φ i :E 1 →E i-1 . We call such an object a J-holomorphic chain. We then prove a Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence relating the existence of solutions to certain chain vortex equations and an appropriate notion of stability for the corresponding chains. (author)

Geophysical interpretation using integral equations

CERN Document Server

Eskola, L

1992-01-01

Along with the general development of numerical methods in pure and applied to apply integral equations to geophysical modelling has sciences, the ability improved considerably within the last thirty years or so. This is due to the successful derivation of integral equations that are applicable to the modelling of complex structures, and efficient numerical algorithms for their solution. A significant stimulus for this development has been the advent of fast digital computers. The purpose of this book is to give an idea of the principles by which boundary-value problems describing geophysical models can be converted into integral equations. The end results are the integral formulas and integral equations that form the theoretical framework for practical applications. The details of mathematical analysis have been kept to a minimum. Numerical algorithms are discussed only in connection with some illustrative examples involving well-documented numerical modelling results. The reader is assu­ med to have a back...

Estratégias de Promoção para o Comércio Exterior Brasileiro: O Caso do Setor Têxtil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Raphaeta Borges

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O comércio exterior brasileiro vem crescendo continuamente. Sua participação no comércio mundial, no entanto, não ultrapassa 1,1 %. Barreiras internas de ordem estrutural, política, econômica e cultural por um lado, associadas à baixa cultura exportadora por outro, explicam parte de tal desempenho. Este trabalho procurou identificar as principais estratégias de promoção aplicadas ao comércio exterior e, em especial ao setor têxtil. Observou-se que o setor têxtil, embora tenha participação expressiva no grupo de manufaturados da pauta exportadora brasileira, atinge mercados restritos, como conseqüência das estratégias adotadas que têm como foco a comercialização e verticalização, em vez da tecnologia.

Transformaciones de la política exterior egipcia en materia de seguridad, frente al Estado de Israel, desde la caída de Mubarak. 2002- 2012

OpenAIRE

Morales, Alejandra

2015-01-01

El presente estudio de caso identifica las transformaciones de la política exterior egipcia en materia de seguridad frente al Estado de Israel, desde la Caída de Mubarak. La hipótesis que sustenta este ejercicio académico repasa las principales transformaciones que ha sufrido la política exterior egipcia en términos de seguridad frente a Israel pasando por la seguridad fronteriza, las relaciones diplomáticas, y el cambio del discurso gubernamental hasta la incidencia y actual importancia de ...

Don’t get (sun) burned : exposing exterior wood to the weather prior to painting contributes to finish failure

Science.gov (United States)

R. Sam Williams

2005-01-01

Contrary to what might be called popular myth, research shows that allowing exterior wood surfaces to weather before applying paint does not help the cause of long-term coating performance. Instead, weathering prior to painting has been shown to contribute significantly to premature failure of the finish due to loss of adhesion.

Black Holes in the Framework of the Metric Tensor Exterior to the Sun and Planets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chifu E.N.

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The conditions for the Sun and oblate spheroidal planets in the solar system to reduce to black holes is investigated. The metric tensor exterior to oblate spheroidal masses indicates that for the Sun to reduce to a black hole, its mass must condense by a factor of 2 : 32250 10 5 . Using Schwarzschild’s metric, this factor is obtained as 2 : 3649 10 5 . Similar results are obtained for oblate spheroidal planets in the solar system.

Reduction of static field equation of Faddeev model to first order PDE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirayama, Minoru; Shi Changguang

2007-01-01

A method to solve the static field equation of the Faddeev model is presented. For a special combination of the concerned field, we adopt a form which is compatible with the field equation and involves two arbitrary complex functions. As a result, the static field equation is reduced to a set of first order partial differential equations

Sigma set scattering equations in nuclear reaction theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kowalski, K.L.; Picklesimer, A.

1982-01-01

The practical applications of partially summed versions of the Rosenberg equations involving only special subsets (sigma sets) of the physical amplitudes are investigated with special attention to the Pauli principle. The requisite properties of the transformations from the pair labels to the set of partitions labeling the sigma set of asymptotic channels are established. New, well-defined, scattering integral equations for the antisymmetrized transition operators are found which possess much less coupling among the physically distinct channels than hitherto expected for equations with kernels of equal complexity. In several cases of physical interest in nuclear physics, a single connected-kernel equation is obtained for the relevant antisymmetrized elastic scattering amplitude

Excited states by analytic continuation of TBA equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dorey, P.; Tateo, R.

1996-01-01

We suggest an approach to the problem of finding integral equations for the excited states of an integrable model, starting from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for its ground state. The idea relies on analytic continuation through complex values of the coupling constant, and an analysis of the monodromies that the equations and their solutions undergo. For the scaling Lee-Yang model, we find equations in this way for the one- and two-particle states in the spin-zero sector, and suggest various generalisations. Numerical results show excellent agreement with the truncated conformal space approach, and we also treat some of the ultraviolet and infrared asymptotics analytically. (orig.)

Oblique derivative problems for generalized Rassias equations of mixed type with several characteristic boundaries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guo Chun Wen

2009-05-01

Full Text Available This article concerns the oblique derivative problems for second-order quasilinear degenerate equations of mixed type with several characteristic boundaries, which include the Tricomi problem as a special case. First we formulate the problem and obtain estimates of its solutions, then we show the existence of solutions by the successive iterations and the Leray-Schauder theorem. We use a complex analytic method: elliptic complex functions are used in the elliptic domain, and hyperbolic complex functions in the hyperbolic domain, such that second-order equations of mixed type with degenerate curve are reduced to the first order mixed complex equations with singular coefficients. An application of the complex analytic method, solves (1.1 below with $m=n=1$, $a=b=0$, which was posed as an open problem by Rassias.

Efficient traveltime solutions of the acoustic TI eikonal equation

KAUST Repository

Waheed, Umair bin

2015-02-01

Numerical solutions of the eikonal (Hamilton-Jacobi) equation for transversely isotropic (TI) media are essential for imaging and traveltime tomography applications. Such solutions, however, suffer from the inherent higher-order nonlinearity of the TI eikonal equation, which requires solving a quartic polynomial for every grid point. Analytical solutions of the quartic polynomial yield numerically unstable formulations. Thus, it requires a numerical root finding algorithm, adding significantly to the computational load. Using perturbation theory we approximate, in a first order discretized form, the TI eikonal equation with a series of simpler equations for the coefficients of a polynomial expansion of the eikonal solution, in terms of the anellipticity anisotropy parameter. Such perturbation, applied to the discretized form of the eikonal equation, does not impose any restrictions on the complexity of the perturbed parameter field. Therefore, it provides accurate traveltime solutions even for models with complex distribution of velocity and anisotropic anellipticity parameter, such as that for the complicated Marmousi model. The formulation allows for large cost reduction compared to using the direct TI eikonal solver. Furthermore, comparative tests with previously developed approximations illustrate remarkable gain in accuracy in the proposed algorithm, without any addition to the computational cost.

Iterative solution of the Helmholtz equation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larsson, E.; Otto, K. [Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)

1996-12-31

We have shown that the numerical solution of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation can be obtained in a very efficient way by using a preconditioned iterative method. We discretize the equation with second-order accurate finite difference operators and take special care to obtain non-reflecting boundary conditions. We solve the large, sparse system of equations that arises with the preconditioned restarted GMRES iteration. The preconditioner is of {open_quotes}fast Poisson type{close_quotes}, and is derived as a direct solver for a modified PDE problem.The arithmetic complexity for the preconditioner is O(n log{sub 2} n), where n is the number of grid points. As a test problem we use the propagation of sound waves in water in a duct with curved bottom. Numerical experiments show that the preconditioned iterative method is very efficient for this type of problem. The convergence rate does not decrease dramatically when the frequency increases. Compared to banded Gaussian elimination, which is a standard solution method for this type of problems, the iterative method shows significant gain in both storage requirement and arithmetic complexity. Furthermore, the relative gain increases when the frequency increases.

Solving Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations without Using Complex Numbers

Science.gov (United States)

Kougias, Ioannis E.

2009-01-01

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is a subject with a wide range of applications and the need of introducing it to students often arises in the last year of high school, as well as in the early stages of tertiary education. The usual methods of solving second-order ODEs with constant coefficients, among others, rely upon the use of complex…

Integration of Schwinger equation for (φ* φ)d2 theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rochev, V.E.

1993-01-01

A general solution for the Schwinger equation for the generating functional of the complex scalar field theory with (φ * φ) d 2 interaction has been constructed. The method is based on the reduction of the order of this equation using the particular solution

Theory of nanolaser devices: Rate equation analysis versus microscopic theory

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lorke, Michael; Skovgård, Troels Suhr; Gregersen, Niels

2013-01-01

A rate equation theory for quantum-dot-based nanolaser devices is developed. We show that these rate equations are capable of reproducing results of a microscopic semiconductor theory, making them an appropriate starting point for complex device simulations of nanolasers. The input...

Evaluation of complex lifting index in Ahvaz Soft Drink Industries using equation of NIOSH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Amozadeh

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Background and Aim: Most of normal activities and jobs requires handling of load with the helpof hands and body which is called as "Manual Materials Handling". Manual handling whether forlong of short time causes problems as tear, break, tension in cardiovascular system as increase ofheart pulse and blood hypertension, muscles tire and muscles-bones disorders specially for spinalcords and finally to the back. For instance a report from Britain proved that 61% accidents causingpremature retirement (12.5% of total accidents was about back injury for which 74% was due tolifting and handling.Method: In this research complex lifting index is evaluated in Ahwaz soft drink industries throughequation of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH 1994 of Units State ofAmerica. Section for handling empty soft drink boxes toward washing area was selected asworking station for this research. Boxes are piled up for 5 pieces and the worker must put them onthe conveyance belt one by one. Since there is complex manual handling system in this stationthus lifting index after determination of NIOSH equation parameters is calculated in the form ofcomplex and then interpreted on the basis of advice of NIOSH.Results:First stage is for determination of (FIRWL and Frequency Independent Lifting Index.The results proved that FIRWL for every box of soft drinks is higher than weight of the land(FIRWL>1 and the rate of Frequency Independent Lifting Index for every floor is less than 1(FILI 1. Lifting index for every floor of soft drink boxes except fifth floor is less than 1.(STLI1to3 1. This proves physical stressof worker in fifth floor. Third stage is for determination of Complex Lifting Index (CLI. Indeedthis index shows cumulative effects of lifting resulted from 5 floors of soft drink boxes. Based onobtained results this index is 2.68. (CLI 2.68 which proves physical stress among the workersduring handling soft drink boxes.Conclusion: In this

La redistribución de los cauces del comercio exterior mexicano: una visión desde la frontera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Kuntz Ficker

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En el marco de la apertura de México al comercio internacional que tuvo lugar entre 1870 y 1929, Estados Unidos desplazó a los principales socios comerciales de México y se convirtió en el socio dominante en los intercambios de este país con el exterior. La intensificación de las relaciones comerciales entre México y Estados Unidos significó una drástica redistribución de los canales del comercio exterior dentro del territorio mexicano, que favoreció al puerto de Tampico y a la franja fronteriza del norte en detrimento de los cauces tradicionales del comercio internacional. El propósito de este artículo es reconstruir la evolución de los flujos comerciales a través de la frontera norte con el fin de mostrar el impacto desigual que la redistribución del comercio tuvo sobre las distintas aduanas fronterizas y las severas fluctuaciones a que estuvieron sujetas a lo largo del periodo de estudio, explorando los diversos factores que influyeron en este proceso

Comércio exterior : mercado para as empresas pernambucanas de base tecnológica

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Sandro Severino de

2008-01-01

Este trabalho estuda as empresas de base tecnológica do Estado de Pernambuco, que são notórias por valerem-se das práticas de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento para gerarem inovações tecnológicas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o perfil dessas organizações, de seus empreendedores e de suas potencialidades para o comércio exterior. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva onde fez-se uso de dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. ...

Variations of Hodge Structure Considered as an Exterior Differential System: Old and New Results

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Carlson

2009-09-01

Full Text Available This paper is a survey of the subject of variations of Hodge structure (VHS considered as exterior differential systems (EDS. We review developments over the last twenty-six years, with an emphasis on some key examples. In the penultimate section we present some new results on the characteristic cohomology of a homogeneous Pfaffian system. In the last section we discuss how the integrability conditions of an EDS affect the expected dimension of an integral submanifold. The paper ends with some speculation on EDS and Hodge conjecture for Calabi-Yau manifolds.

Institucionalidad y política exterior del Ecuador a inicios de la República

OpenAIRE

Núñez Endara, Pablo

2000-01-01

La investigación que planteamos pretende visualizar, en un período histórico corto, los mecanismos utilizados por el Estado para lograr el reconocimiento político de la comunidad internacional, ya sea a través de la suscripción de Tratados Comerciales, al establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas o la apertura de oficinas consulares, entre otros. Simultáneamente, la investigación se propone utilizar el manejo de la Política Exterior como uno de los vehículos para entender la o...

Influence of Connection Placement to the Behavior of Precast Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elly Tjahjono

2010-10-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of connection placement to the behaviour of exterior beamcolumn joint of precast concrete structure under semi cyclic loading. Four half-scale beam-column specimens were investigated. Three beam-columns were jointed through connection that are placed in beam-column joint region and the forth is connected at the plastic hinge potensial region of the beam. Crack patterns, strength, stiffness and ductility of the test specimens have been evaluated. The test result indicated that all beam-column specimens show good ductility behavior.

Discontinuous Galerkin Subgrid Finite Element Method for Heterogeneous Brinkman’s Equations

KAUST Repository

Iliev, Oleg P.; Lazarov, Raytcho D.; Willems, Joerg

2010-01-01

We present a two-scale finite element method for solving Brinkman's equations with piece-wise constant coefficients. This system of equations model fluid flows in highly porous, heterogeneous media with complex topology of the heterogeneities. We

Synchronization with propagation - The functional differential equations

Science.gov (United States)

Rǎsvan, Vladimir

2016-06-01

The structure represented by one or several oscillators couple to a one-dimensional transmission environment (e.g. a vibrating string in the mechanical case or a lossless transmission line in the electrical case) turned to be attractive for the research in the field of complex structures and/or complex behavior. This is due to the fact that such a structure represents some generalization of various interconnection modes with lumped parameters for the oscillators. On the other hand the lossless and distortionless propagation along transmission lines has generated several research in electrical, thermal, hydro and control engineering leading to the association of some functional differential equations to the basic initial boundary value problems. The present research is performed at the crossroad of the aforementioned directions. We shall associate to the starting models some functional differential equations - in most cases of neutral type - and make use of the general theorems for existence and stability of forced oscillations for functional differential equations. The challenges introduced by the analyzed problems for the general theory are emphasized, together with the implication of the results for various applications.

Exact solution of some linear matrix equations using algebraic methods

Science.gov (United States)

Djaferis, T. E.; Mitter, S. K.

1977-01-01

A study is done of solution methods for Linear Matrix Equations including Lyapunov's equation, using methods of modern algebra. The emphasis is on the use of finite algebraic procedures which are easily implemented on a digital computer and which lead to an explicit solution to the problem. The action f sub BA is introduced a Basic Lemma is proven. The equation PA + BP = -C as well as the Lyapunov equation are analyzed. Algorithms are given for the solution of the Lyapunov and comment is given on its arithmetic complexity. The equation P - A'PA = Q is studied and numerical examples are given.

Equation-free and variable free modeling for complex/multiscale systems. Coarse-grained computation in science and engineering using fine-grained models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kevrekidis, Ioannis G. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

2017-02-01

The work explored the linking of modern developing machine learning techniques (manifold learning and in particular diffusion maps) with traditional PDE modeling/discretization/scientific computation techniques via the equation-free methodology developed by the PI. The result (in addition to several PhD degrees, two of them by CSGF Fellows) was a sequence of strong developments - in part on the algorithmic side, linking data mining with scientific computing, and in part on applications, ranging from PDE discretizations to molecular dynamics and complex network dynamics.

On nonlinear differential equation with exact solutions having various pole orders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kudryashov, N.A.

2015-01-01

We consider a nonlinear ordinary differential equation having solutions with various movable pole order on the complex plane. We show that the pole order of exact solution is determined by values of parameters of the equation. Exact solutions in the form of the solitary waves for the second order nonlinear differential equation are found taking into account the method of the logistic function. Exact solutions of differential equations are discussed and analyzed

An introduction to differential equations using MATLAB

CERN Document Server

Butt, Rizwan

2016-01-01

An Introduction to Differential Equations using MATLAB exploits the symbolic, numerical, and graphical capabilitiesof MATLAB to develop a thorough understanding of differential equations algorithms. This book provides the readerwith numerous applications, m-files, and practical examples to problems. Balancing theoretical concepts withcomputational speed and accuracy, the book includes numerous short programs in MATLAB that can be used to solveproblems involving first-and higher-order differential equations, Laplace transforms, linear systems of differentialequations, numerical solutions of differential equations, computer graphics, and more. The author emphasizes thebasic ideas of analytical and numerical techniques and the uses of modern mathematical software (MATLAB) ratherthan relying only on complex mathematical derivations to engineers, mathematician, computer scientists, andphysicists or for use as a textbook in applied or computational courses.A CD-ROM with all the figures, codes, solutions, appendices...

Method of the Determination of Exterior Orientation of Sensors in Hilbert Type Space.

Science.gov (United States)

Stępień, Grzegorz

2018-03-17

The following article presents a new isometric transformation algorithm based on the transformation in the newly normed Hilbert type space. The presented method is based on so-called virtual translations, already known in advance, of two relative oblique orthogonal coordinate systems-interior and exterior orientation of sensors-to a common, known in both systems, point. Each of the systems is translated along its axis (the systems have common origins) and at the same time the angular relative orientation of both coordinate systems is constant. The translation of both coordinate systems is defined by the spatial norm determining the length of vectors in the new Hilbert type space. As such, the displacement of two relative oblique orthogonal systems is reduced to zero. This makes it possible to directly calculate the rotation matrix of the sensor. The next and final step is the return translation of the system along an already known track. The method can be used for big rotation angles. The method was verified in laboratory conditions for the test data set and measurement data (field data). The accuracy of the results in the laboratory test is on the level of 10 -6 of the input data. This confirmed the correctness of the assumed calculation method. The method is a further development of the author's 2017 Total Free Station (TFS) transformation to several centroids in Hilbert type space. This is the reason why the method is called Multi-Centroid Isometric Transformation-MCIT. MCIT is very fast and enables, by reducing to zero the translation of two relative oblique orthogonal coordinate systems, direct calculation of the exterior orientation of the sensors.

Method of the Determination of Exterior Orientation of Sensors in Hilbert Type Space

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grzegorz Stępień

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The following article presents a new isometric transformation algorithm based on the transformation in the newly normed Hilbert type space. The presented method is based on so-called virtual translations, already known in advance, of two relative oblique orthogonal coordinate systems—interior and exterior orientation of sensors—to a common, known in both systems, point. Each of the systems is translated along its axis (the systems have common origins and at the same time the angular relative orientation of both coordinate systems is constant. The translation of both coordinate systems is defined by the spatial norm determining the length of vectors in the new Hilbert type space. As such, the displacement of two relative oblique orthogonal systems is reduced to zero. This makes it possible to directly calculate the rotation matrix of the sensor. The next and final step is the return translation of the system along an already known track. The method can be used for big rotation angles. The method was verified in laboratory conditions for the test data set and measurement data (field data. The accuracy of the results in the laboratory test is on the level of 10−6 of the input data. This confirmed the correctness of the assumed calculation method. The method is a further development of the author’s 2017 Total Free Station (TFS transformation to several centroids in Hilbert type space. This is the reason why the method is called Multi-Centroid Isometric Transformation—MCIT. MCIT is very fast and enables, by reducing to zero the translation of two relative oblique orthogonal coordinate systems, direct calculation of the exterior orientation of the sensors.

Dirac's equation and the nature of quantum field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plotnitsky, Arkady

2012-01-01

This paper re-examines the key aspects of Dirac's derivation of his relativistic equation for the electron in order advance our understanding of the nature of quantum field theory. Dirac's derivation, the paper argues, follows the key principles behind Heisenberg's discovery of quantum mechanics, which, the paper also argues, transformed the nature of both theoretical and experimental physics vis-à-vis classical physics and relativity. However, the limit theory (a crucial consideration for both Dirac and Heisenberg) in the case of Dirac's theory was quantum mechanics, specifically, Schrödinger's equation, while in the case of quantum mechanics, in Heisenberg's version, the limit theory was classical mechanics. Dirac had to find a new equation, Dirac's equation, along with a new type of quantum variables, while Heisenberg, to find new theory, was able to use the equations of classical physics, applied to different, quantum-mechanical variables. In this respect, Dirac's task was more similar to that of Schrödinger in his work on his version of quantum mechanics. Dirac's equation reflects a more complex character of quantum electrodynamics or quantum field theory in general and of the corresponding (high-energy) experimental quantum physics vis-à-vis that of quantum mechanics and the (low-energy) experimental quantum physics. The final section examines this greater complexity and its implications for fundamental physics.

A New Algorithm for System of Integral Equations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdujabar Rasulov

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We develop a new algorithm to solve the system of integral equations. In this new method no need to use matrix weights. Beacause of it, we reduce computational complexity considerable. Using the new algorithm it is also possible to solve an initial boundary value problem for system of parabolic equations. To verify the efficiency, the results of computational experiments are given.

The Davey-Stewartson Equation on the Half-Plane

Science.gov (United States)

Fokas, A. S.

2009-08-01

The Davey-Stewartson (DS) equation is a nonlinear integrable evolution equation in two spatial dimensions. It provides a multidimensional generalisation of the celebrated nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and it appears in several physical situations. The implementation of the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) to the solution of the initial-value problem of the NLS was presented in 1972, whereas the analogous problem for the DS equation was solved in 1983. These results are based on the formulation and solution of certain classical problems in complex analysis, namely of a Riemann Hilbert problem (RH) and of either a d-bar or a non-local RH problem respectively. A method for solving the mathematically more complicated but physically more relevant case of boundary-value problems for evolution equations in one spatial dimension, like the NLS, was finally presented in 1997, after interjecting several novel ideas to the panoply of the IST methodology. Here, this method is further extended so that it can be applied to evolution equations in two spatial dimensions, like the DS equation. This novel extension involves several new steps, including the formulation of a d-bar problem for a sectionally non-analytic function, i.e. for a function which has different non-analytic representations in different domains of the complex plane. This, in addition to the computation of a d-bar derivative, also requires the computation of the relevant jumps across the different domains. This latter step has certain similarities (but is more complicated) with the corresponding step for those initial-value problems in two dimensions which can be solved via a non-local RH problem, like KPI.

Growth of Logarithmic Derivatives and Their Applications in Complex Differential Equations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zinelâabidine Latreuch

2014-01-01

of their logarithmic derivatives. We also give an estimate of the growth of the quotient of two differential polynomials generated by solutions of the equation f″+A(zf′+B(zf=0, where A(z and B(z are entire functions.

Associations between retail food store exterior advertisements and community demographic and socioeconomic composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Isgor, Zeynep; Powell, Lisa; Rimkus, Leah; Chaloupka, Frank

2016-05-01

This paper examines the association between the prevalence of various types of outdoor food and beverage advertising found on the building exteriors and properties of retail food outlets and community racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition in a nationwide sample of food outlets in the U.S. Our major finding from multivariable analysis is that food stores in low-income communities have higher prevalence of all food and beverage ads, including those for unhealthy products such as regular soda, controlling for community racial/ethnic composition and other covariates. This adds to growing research pointing to socioeconomic disparities in food and beverage marketing exposure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stability of Rotor Systems: A Complex Modelling Approach

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kliem, Wolfhard; Pommer, Christian; Stoustrup, Jakob

1996-01-01

A large class of rotor systems can be modelled by a complex matrix differential equation of secondorder. The angular velocity of the rotor plays the role of a parameter. We apply the Lyapunov matrix equation in a complex setting and prove two new stability results which are compared...

Partial Differential Equations Modeling and Numerical Simulation

CERN Document Server

Glowinski, Roland

2008-01-01

This book is dedicated to Olivier Pironneau. For more than 250 years partial differential equations have been clearly the most important tool available to mankind in order to understand a large variety of phenomena, natural at first and then those originating from human activity and technological development. Mechanics, physics and their engineering applications were the first to benefit from the impact of partial differential equations on modeling and design, but a little less than a century ago the Schrödinger equation was the key opening the door to the application of partial differential equations to quantum chemistry, for small atomic and molecular systems at first, but then for systems of fast growing complexity. Mathematical modeling methods based on partial differential equations form an important part of contemporary science and are widely used in engineering and scientific applications. In this book several experts in this field present their latest results and discuss trends in the numerical analy...

Evolutionary equations with applications in natural sciences

CERN Document Server

Mokhtar-Kharroubi, Mustapha

2015-01-01

With the unifying theme of abstract evolutionary equations, both linear and nonlinear, in a complex environment, the book presents a multidisciplinary blend of topics, spanning the fields of theoretical and applied functional analysis, partial differential equations, probability theory and numerical analysis applied to various models coming from theoretical physics, biology, engineering and complexity theory. The unique features of the book are: the first simultaneous presentation of two complementary approaches to fragmentation and coagulation problems, by weak compactness methods and by using semigroup techniques, comprehensive exposition of probabilistic methods of analysis of long term dynamics of dynamical systems, semigroup analysis of biological problems and cutting edge pattern formation theory. The book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers specializing in applications of mathematics to problems arising in natural sciences and engineering.

Coupled equations for Kähler metrics and Yang-Mills connections

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Garcia Fernandez, Mario; Alvarez-Consul, Luis; Garcia-Prada, Oscar

2012-01-01

We study equations on a principal bundle over a compact complex manifold coupling connections on the bundle with K¨ahler structures in the base. These equations generalize the conditions of constant scalar curvature for a K¨ahler metric and Hermite– Yang–Mills for a connection. We provide a moment...

18th International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications

CERN Document Server

Cushing, Jim; Elaydi, Saber; Pinto, Alberto

2016-01-01

These proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications cover a number of different aspects of difference equations and discrete dynamical systems, as well as the interplay between difference equations and dynamical systems. The conference was organized by the Department of Mathematics at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) under the auspices of the International Society of Difference Equations (ISDE) and held in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) in July 2012. Its purpose was to bring together experts and novices in these fields to discuss the latest developments. The book gathers contributions in the field of combinatorial and topological dynamics, complex dynamics, applications of difference equations to biology, chaotic linear dynamics, economic dynamics and control and asymptotic behavior, and periodicity of difference equations. As such it is of interest to researchers and scientists engaged in the theory and applications of difference equations and discrete dy...

Characteristics and stability analyses of transient one-dimensional two-phase flow equations and their finite difference approximations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lyczkowski, R.W.; Gidaspow, D.; Solbrig, C.W.; Hughes, E.D.

1975-01-01

Equation systems describing one-dimensional, transient, two-phase flow with separate continuity, momentum, and energy equations for each phase are classified by use of the method of characteristics. Little attempt is made to justify the physics of these equations. Many of the equation systems possess complex-valued characteristics and hence, according to well-known mathematical theorems, are not well-posed as initial-value problems (IVPs). Real-valued characteristics are necessary but not sufficient to insure well-posedness. In the absence of lower order source or sink terms (potential type flows), which can affect the well-posedness of IVPs, the complex characteristics associated with these two-phase flow equations imply unbounded exponential growth for disturbances of all wavelengths. Analytical and numerical examples show that the ill-posedness of IVPs for the two-phase flow partial differential equations which possess complex characteristics produce unstable numerical schemes. These unstable numerical schemes can produce apparently stable and even accurate results if the growth rate resulting from the complex characteristics remains small throughout the time span of the numerical experiment or if sufficient numerical damping is present for the increment size used. Other examples show that clearly nonphysical numerical instabilities resulting from the complex characteristics can be produced. These latter types of numerical instabilities are shown to be removed by the addition of physically motivated differential terms which eliminate the complex characteristics. (auth)

Entre efectos colaterales y constreñimientos de orden doméstico e internacional : el papel de la política exterior estadounidense en el régimen de los Somoza en Nicaragua (1936 – 1979)

OpenAIRE

Duarte Leal, Diego Fernando

2017-01-01

Esta monografía busca explicar la construcción de la política exterior estadounidense hacia Nicaragua y su incidencia en el régimen de los Somoza (1936 – 1979). Se explicará la construcción de la política exterior estadounidense a partir de la teoría de Fareed Zakaria, en la que se analizarán los factores domésticos y sistémicos que incidieron en ese proceso. Posteriormente, siguiendo los postulados de Giulio Gallarotti, se identificará la incidencia de la política exterior estadounidense en ...

Magnetic resonance imaging used for the evaluation of water presence in wood plastic composite boards exposed to exterior conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Marek Gnatowski; Rebecca Ibach; Mathew Leung; Grace Sun

2014-01-01

Two wood plastic composite (WPC) boards, one experimental and one commercial, were exposed to exterior conditions and evaluated non-destructively using a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit for moisture content (MC) and distribution. The experimental board was exposed in Vancouver, British Columbia, for more than 8 years, and the commercial board was exposed...

Potential in stochastic differential equations: novel construction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ao, P

2004-01-01

There is a whole range of emergent phenomena in a complex network such as robustness, adaptiveness, multiple-equilibrium, hysteresis, oscillation and feedback. Those non-equilibrium behaviours can often be described by a set of stochastic differential equations. One persistent important question is the existence of a potential function. Here we demonstrate that a dynamical structure built into stochastic differential equation allows us to construct such a global optimization potential function. We present an explicit construction procedure to obtain the potential and relevant quantities. In the procedure no reference to the Fokker-Planck equation is needed. The availability of the potential suggests that powerful statistical mechanics tools can be used in nonequilibrium situations. (letter to the editor)

A differential equation for the Generalized Born radii.

Science.gov (United States)

Fogolari, Federico; Corazza, Alessandra; Esposito, Gennaro

2013-06-28

The Generalized Born (GB) model offers a convenient way of representing electrostatics in complex macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. The computation of atomic GB radii is currently performed by different non-local approaches involving volume or surface integrals. Here we obtain a non-linear second-order partial differential equation for the Generalized Born radius, which may be solved using local iterative algorithms. The equation is derived under the assumption that the usual GB approximation to the reaction field obeys Laplace's equation. The equation admits as particular solutions the correct GB radii for the sphere and the plane. The tests performed on a set of 55 different proteins show an overall agreement with other reference GB models and "perfect" Poisson-Boltzmann based values.

Evaluation of Two CEDA Weatherization Pilot Implementations of an Exterior Insulation and Over-Clad Retrofit Strategy for Residential Masonry Buildings in Chicago

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neuhauser, K.

2013-08-01

This project examines the implementation of an exterior insulation and over-clad strategy for brick masonry buildings in Chicago. The strategy was implemented at a free-standing two story two-family dwelling and a larger free-standing multifamily building. The test homes selected for this research represent predominant housing types for the Chicago area. High heating energy use typical in these buildings threaten housing affordability. Uninsulated mass masonry wall assemblies also have a strongly detrimental impact on comfort. Significant changes to the performance of masonry wall assemblies is generally beyond the reach of typical weatherization (Wx) program resources. The Community and Economic Development Association of Cook County, Inc. (CEDA) has secured a Sustainable Energy Resources for Consumers (SERC) innovation grant sponsored by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). This grant provides CEDA the opportunity to pursue a pilot implementation of innovative approaches to retrofit in masonry wall enclosures. The exterior insulation and over-clad strategy implemented through this project was designed to allow implementation by contractors active in CEDA weatherization programs and using materials and methods familiar to these contractors. The retrofit measures are evaluated in terms of feasibility, cost and performance. Through observations of the strategies implemented, the research described in this report identifies measures critical to performance as well as conditions for wider adoption. The research also identifies common factors that must be considered in determining whether the exterior insulation and over-clad strategy is appropriate for the building.

Mathematics for electric engineers. Complex numbers; Mathematiques pour l`electricien. Nombres complexes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rouxel, C. [Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers (CNAM), 75 - Paris (France)

1999-05-01

Complex numbers are widely used in electrical engineering. This article is divided into 5 parts dealing successively with: the cartesian form of complex numbers (definition, conjugated complex numbers, graphical representation); the trigonometrical form of complex numbers (module and argument, trigonometrical form, exponential notation, multiplication and division of two complex numbers); Moivre and Euler formulae; applications (square root and second degree equation, n. roots, plan rotation and similarity); cissoidal transformation (definition, properties, applications to electricity: complex impedance in permanent sinusoidal regime, transfer function of a linear system in permanent regime, study of an example). (J.S.)

A wave equation interpolating between classical and quantum mechanics

Science.gov (United States)

Schleich, W. P.; Greenberger, D. M.; Kobe, D. H.; Scully, M. O.

2015-10-01

We derive a ‘master’ wave equation for a family of complex-valued waves {{Φ }}\\equiv R{exp}[{{{i}}S}({cl)}/{{\\hbar }}] whose phase dynamics is dictated by the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the classical action {S}({cl)}. For a special choice of the dynamics of the amplitude R which eliminates all remnants of classical mechanics associated with {S}({cl)} our wave equation reduces to the Schrödinger equation. In this case the amplitude satisfies a Schrödinger equation analogous to that of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field where the roles of the scalar and the vector potentials are played by the classical energy and the momentum, respectively. In general this amplitude is complex and thereby creates in addition to the classical phase {S}({cl)}/{{\\hbar }} a quantum phase. Classical statistical mechanics, as described by a classical matter wave, follows from our wave equation when we choose the dynamics of the amplitude such that it remains real for all times. Our analysis shows that classical and quantum matter waves are distinguished by two different choices of the dynamics of their amplitudes rather than two values of Planck’s constant. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Richard Lewis Arnowitt—a pioneer of many-body theory, a path finder at the interface of gravity and quantum mechanics, and a true leader in non-relativistic and relativistic quantum field theory.

Ideales democráticos, religión y el destino manifiesto en la política exterior de los Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Teresa Aya Smitmans

2007-11-01

Full Text Available La política exterior de los Estados Unidos a pesar de sus orígenes idealistas, se define, de manera usual, como realista. Sin embargo, ese idealismo siempre está presente en el manejo de sus asuntos internacionales. Desde el

Orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Weiguo; Qin, Yinghao; Zhao, Yan; Guo, Boling

In this paper, we consider the Kundu equation which is not a standard Hamiltonian system. The abstract orbital stability theory proposed by Grillakis et al. (1987, 1990) cannot be applied directly to study orbital stability of solitary waves for this equation. Motivated by the idea of Guo and Wu (1995), we construct three invariants of motion and use detailed spectral analysis to obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation. Since Kundu equation is more complex than the derivative Schrödinger equation, we utilize some techniques to overcome some difficulties in this paper. It should be pointed out that the results obtained in this paper are more general than those obtained by Guo and Wu (1995). We present a sufficient condition under which solitary waves are orbitally stable for 2c+sυ1995) only considered the case 2c+sυ>0. We obtain the results on orbital stability of solitary waves for the derivative Schrödinger equation given by Colin and Ohta (2006) as a corollary in this paper. Furthermore, we obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Chen-Lee-Lin equation and Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, respectively.

Equivalent formulations of “the equation of life”

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ao Ping

2014-01-01

Motivated by progress in theoretical biology a recent proposal on a general and quantitative dynamical framework for nonequilibrium processes and dynamics of complex systems is briefly reviewed. It is nothing but the evolutionary process discovered by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace. Such general and structured dynamics may be tentatively named “the equation of life”. Three equivalent formulations are discussed, and it is also pointed out that such a quantitative dynamical framework leads naturally to the powerful Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution and the second law in physics. In this way, the equation of life provides a logically consistent foundation for thermodynamics. This view clarifies a particular outstanding problem and further suggests a unifying principle for physics and biology. (topical review - statistical physics and complex systems)

Deriving the bond pricing equation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kožul Nataša

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Given the recent focus on Eurozone debt crisis and the credit rating downgrade not only of US debt, but that of other countries and many UK major banking institutions, this paper aims to explain the concept of bond yield, its different measures and bond pricing equation. Yields on capital market instruments are rarely quoted on the same basis, which makes direct comparison between different as investment choices impossible. Some debt instruments are quoted on discount basis, whilst coupon-bearing ones accrue interest differently, offer different compounding opportunities, have different coupon payment frequencies, and manage non-business day maturity dates differently. Moreover, rules governing debt vary across countries, markets and currencies, making yield calculation and comparison a rather complex issue. Thus, some fundamental concepts applicable to debt instrument yield measurement, with focus on bond equation, are presented here. In addition, bond equation expressed in annuity form and used to apply Newton-Raphson algorithm to derive true bond yield is also shown.

Experimental and FE Analysis of Exterior Plastic Components of Cars under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions

OpenAIRE

Faghihi, Hassan

2011-01-01

This thesis is composed by an experimental part and numerical part, aimed at contributing to a better knowledge of the behavior of plastic parts under different loading conditions. The study is intended to validate a FE model for simulating exterior plastic components of car especially the A-decor and plastic clips in the context of thermal and static load analysis. From the comparison of numerical and experimental results in the terms of thermal and static deformation of the A-decor, it is c...

The cubic-quintic-septic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation formulation of optical pulse propagation in 3D doped Kerr media with higher-order dispersions

Science.gov (United States)

Djoko, Martin; Kofane, T. C.

2018-06-01

We investigate the propagation characteristics and stabilization of generalized-Gaussian pulse in highly nonlinear homogeneous media with higher-order dispersion terms. The optical pulse propagation has been modeled by the higher-order (3+1)-dimensional cubic-quintic-septic complex Ginzburg-Landau [(3+1)D CQS-CGL] equation. We have used the variational method to find a set of differential equations characterizing the variation of the pulse parameters in fiber optic-links. The variational equations we obtained have been integrated numerically by the means of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method, which also allows us to investigate the evolution of the generalized-Gaussian beam and the pulse evolution along an optical doped fiber. Then, we have solved the original nonlinear (3+1)D CQS-CGL equation with the split-step Fourier method (SSFM), and compare the results with those obtained, using the variational approach. A good agreement between analytical and numerical methods is observed. The evolution of the generalized-Gaussian beam has shown oscillatory propagation, and bell-shaped dissipative optical bullets have been obtained under certain parameter values in both anomalous and normal chromatic dispersion regimes. Using the natural control parameter of the solution as it evolves, named the total energy Q, our numerical simulations reveal the existence of 3D stable vortex dissipative light bullets, 3D stable spatiotemporal optical soliton, stationary and pulsating optical bullets, depending on the used initial input condition (symmetric or elliptic).

Interpolation problem for the solutions of linear elasticity equations based on monogenic functions

Science.gov (United States)

Grigor'ev, Yuri; Gürlebeck, Klaus; Legatiuk, Dmitrii

2017-11-01

Interpolation is an important tool for many practical applications, and very often it is beneficial to interpolate not only with a simple basis system, but rather with solutions of a certain differential equation, e.g. elasticity equation. A typical example for such type of interpolation are collocation methods widely used in practice. It is known, that interpolation theory is fully developed in the framework of the classical complex analysis. However, in quaternionic analysis, which shows a lot of analogies to complex analysis, the situation is more complicated due to the non-commutative multiplication. Thus, a fundamental theorem of algebra is not available, and standard tools from linear algebra cannot be applied in the usual way. To overcome these problems, a special system of monogenic polynomials the so-called Pseudo Complex Polynomials, sharing some properties of complex powers, is used. In this paper, we present an approach to deal with the interpolation problem, where solutions of elasticity equations in three dimensions are used as an interpolation basis.

Data-driven discovery of partial differential equations.

Science.gov (United States)

Rudy, Samuel H; Brunton, Steven L; Proctor, Joshua L; Kutz, J Nathan

2017-04-01

We propose a sparse regression method capable of discovering the governing partial differential equation(s) of a given system by time series measurements in the spatial domain. The regression framework relies on sparsity-promoting techniques to select the nonlinear and partial derivative terms of the governing equations that most accurately represent the data, bypassing a combinatorially large search through all possible candidate models. The method balances model complexity and regression accuracy by selecting a parsimonious model via Pareto analysis. Time series measurements can be made in an Eulerian framework, where the sensors are fixed spatially, or in a Lagrangian framework, where the sensors move with the dynamics. The method is computationally efficient, robust, and demonstrated to work on a variety of canonical problems spanning a number of scientific domains including Navier-Stokes, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and the diffusion equation. Moreover, the method is capable of disambiguating between potentially nonunique dynamical terms by using multiple time series taken with different initial data. Thus, for a traveling wave, the method can distinguish between a linear wave equation and the Korteweg-de Vries equation, for instance. The method provides a promising new technique for discovering governing equations and physical laws in parameterized spatiotemporal systems, where first-principles derivations are intractable.

Conformally covariant massless spin-two field equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Drew, M.S.; Gegenberg, J.D.

1980-01-01

An explicit proof is constructed to show that the field equations for a symmetric tensor field hsub(ab) describing massless spin-2 particles in Minkowski space-time are not covariant under the 15-parameter group SOsub(4,2); this group is usually associated with conformal transformations on flat space, and here it will be considered as a global gauge group which acts upon matter fields defined on space-time. Notwithstanding the above noncovariance, the equations governing the rank-4 tensor Ssub(abcd) constructed from hsub(ab) are shown to be covariant provided the contraction Ssub(ab) vanishes. Conformal covariance is proved by demonstrating the covariance of the equations for the equivalent 5-component complex field; in fact, covariance is proved for a general field equation applicable to massless particles of any spin >0. It is shown that the noncovariance of the hsub(ab) equations may be ascribed to the fact that the transformation behaviour of hsub(ab) is not the same as that of a field consisting of a gauge only. Since this is in contradistinction to the situation for the electromagnetic-field equations, the vector form of the electromagnetic equations is cast into a form which can be duplicated for the hsub(ab)-field. This procedure results in an alternative, covariant, field equation for hsub(ab). (author)

Modeling Noisy Data with Differential Equations Using Observed and Expected Matrices

Science.gov (United States)

Deboeck, Pascal R.; Boker, Steven M.

2010-01-01

Complex intraindividual variability observed in psychology may be well described using differential equations. It is difficult, however, to apply differential equation models in psychological contexts, as time series are frequently short, poorly sampled, and have large proportions of measurement and dynamic error. Furthermore, current methods for…

Fractional analysis for nonlinear electrical transmission line and nonlinear Schroedinger equations with incomplete sub-equation

Science.gov (United States)

Fendzi-Donfack, Emmanuel; Nguenang, Jean Pierre; Nana, Laurent

2018-02-01

We use the fractional complex transform with the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative operator to establish the exact and generalized solutions of two fractional partial differential equations. We determine the solutions of fractional nonlinear electrical transmission lines (NETL) and the perturbed nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation with the Kerr law nonlinearity term. The solutions are obtained for the parameters in the range (0<α≤1) of the derivative operator and we found the traditional solutions for the limiting case of α =1. We show that according to the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative, the solutions found can describe physical systems with memory effect, transient effects in electrical systems and nonlinear transmission lines, and other systems such as optical fiber.

Solving the Helmholtz equation in conformal mapped ARROWstructures using homotopy perturbation method

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reck, Kasper; Thomsen, Erik Vilain; Hansen, Ole

2011-01-01

. The solution of the mapped Helmholtz equation is found by solving an infinite series of Poisson equations using two dimensional Fourier series. The solution is entirely based on analytical expressions and is not mesh dependent. The analytical results are compared to a numerical (finite element method) solution......The scalar wave equation, or Helmholtz equation, describes within a certain approximation the electromagnetic field distribution in a given system. In this paper we show how to solve the Helmholtz equation in complex geometries using conformal mapping and the homotopy perturbation method...

Complex vector triads in spinor theory in Minkowski space

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhelnorovich, V.A.

1990-01-01

It is shown that tensor equations corresponding to the spinor Dirac equations represent a three-dimensional part of four-dimensional vector equations. The equations are formulated in an evidently invariant form in antisymmetric tensor components and in the corresponding components of a complex vector triad. A complete system of relativistically invariant tensor equations is ascertained

A geometric theory on the elasticity of bio-membranes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tu, Z C; Ou-Yang, Z C

2004-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to study the shapes and stabilities of bio-membranes within the framework of exterior differential forms. After a brief review of the current status of theoretical and experimental studies on the shapes of bio-membranes, a geometric scheme is proposed to discuss the shape equation of closed lipid bilayers, the shape equation and boundary conditions of open lipid bilayers and two-component membranes, the shape equation and in-plane strain equations of cell membranes with cross-linking structures, and the stabilities of closed lipid bilayers and cell membranes. The key point of this scheme is to deal with the variational problems on surfaces embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space by using exterior differential forms

A numerical solution to the radial equation of the tidal wave propagation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Makarious, S.H.

1981-08-01

The tidal wave function y(x) is a solution to an inhomogeneous, linear, second-order differential equation with variable coefficient. Numerical values for the height-dependence terms, in the observed tides, have been utilized in finding y(x) as a solution to an initial-value problem. Complex Fast Fourier Transform technique is also used to obtain the solution in a complex form. Based on a realistic temperature structure, the atmosphere - below 110 km - has been divided into layers with distinct characteristics, and thus the technique of propagation in stratified media has been applied. The reduced homogeneous equation assumes the form of Helmholtz equation and with initial conditions the general solution is obtained. (author)

Hydrodynamic representation of the Klein-Gordon-Einstein equations in the weak field limit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suárez, Abril; Chavanis, Pierre-Henri

2015-01-01

Using a generalization of the Madelung transformation, we derive the hydrodynamic representation of the Klein-Gordon-Einstein equations in the weak field limit. We consider a complex self-interacting scalar field with an arbitrary potential of the form V(|ϕ| 2 ). We compare the results with simplified models in which the gravitational potential is introduced by hand in the Klein-Gordon equation, and assumed to satisfy a (generalized) Poisson equation. Nonrelativistic hydrodynamic equations based on the Schrodinger-Poisson equations or on the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations are recovered in the limit c → +∞. (paper)

FORSIM, Solution of Ordinary or Partial Differential Equation with Initial Conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carver, M.B.

1985-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: FORSIM is a FORTRAN oriented simulation program which automates the continuous transient solution of systems of ordinary and/or partial differential equations. The user writes his equations in a FORTRAN subroutine, following prescribed rules, and loads this routine along with the executive routines. The executive routines then read in initial data supplied by the user and proceed with the integration. 2 - Method of solution: Partial differential equations are converted to coupled ordinary differential equations by suitable discretization formulae. Integration is done by variable order, variable step-size error controlled algorithms. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem - Maximum of: 1000 ordinary differential equations

Using a system of differential equations that models cattle growth to uncover the genetic basis of complex traits.

Science.gov (United States)

Freua, Mateus Castelani; Santana, Miguel Henrique de Almeida; Ventura, Ricardo Vieira; Tedeschi, Luis Orlindo; Ferraz, José Bento Sterman

2017-08-01

The interplay between dynamic models of biological systems and genomics is based on the assumption that genetic variation of the complex trait (i.e., outcome of model behavior) arises from component traits (i.e., model parameters) in lower hierarchical levels. In order to provide a proof of concept of this statement for a cattle growth model, we ask whether model parameters map genomic regions that harbor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) already described for the complex trait. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a Bayesian hierarchical LASSO method in two parameters of the Davis Growth Model, a system of three ordinary differential equations describing DNA accretion, protein synthesis and degradation, and fat synthesis. Phenotypic and genotypic data were available for 893 Nellore (Bos indicus) cattle. Computed values for parameter k 1 (DNA accretion rate) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 and for α (constant for energy for maintenance requirement) 0.134 ± 0.024. The expected biological interpretation of the parameters is confirmed by QTLs mapped for k 1 and α. QTLs within genomic regions mapped for k 1 are expected to be correlated with the DNA pool: body size and weight. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were significant for α mapped QTLs that had already been associated with residual feed intake, feed conversion ratio, average daily gain (ADG), body weight, and also dry matter intake. SNPs identified for k 1 were able to additionally explain 2.2% of the phenotypic variability of the complex ADG, even when SNPs for k 1 did not match the genomic regions associated with ADG. Although improvements are needed, our findings suggest that genomic analysis on component traits may help to uncover the genetic basis of more complex traits, particularly when lower biological hierarchies are mechanistically described by mathematical simulation models.

Application of perturbation theory to a P-wave eikonal equation in orthorhombic media

KAUST Repository

Stovas, Alexey; Masmoudi, Nabil; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali

2016-01-01

The P-wave eikonal equation for orthorhombic (ORT) anisotropic media is a highly nonlinear partial differential equation requiring the solution of a sixth-order polynomial to obtain traveltimes, resulting in complex and time-consuming numerical

Modeling thermal performance of exterior walls retrofitted from insulation and modified laterite based bricks materials

Science.gov (United States)

Wati, Elvis; Meukam, Pierre; Damfeu, Jean Claude

2017-12-01

Uninsulated concrete block walls commonly found in tropical region have to be retrofitted to save energy. The thickness of insulation layer used can be reduced with the help of modified laterite based bricks layer (with the considerably lower thermal conductivity than that of concrete block layer) during the retrofit building fabrics. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum location and distribution of different materials. The investigation is carried out under steady periodic conditions under the climatic conditions of Garoua in Cameroon using a Simulink model constructed from H-Tools (the library of Simulink models). Results showed that for the continuous air-conditioned space, the best wall configuration from the maximum time lag, minimum decrement factor and peak cooling transmission load perspective, is dividing the insulation layer into two layers and placing one at the exterior surface and the other layer between the two different massive layers with the modified laterite based bricks layer at the interior surface. For intermittent cooling space, the best wall configuration from the minimum energy consumption depends on total insulation thickness. For the total insulation thickness less than 8 cm approximately, the best wall configuration is placing the half layer of insulation material at the interior surface and the other half between the two different massive layers with the modified earthen material at the exterior surface. Results also showed that, the optimum insulation thickness calculated from the yearly cooling transmission (estimated only during the occupied period) and some economic considerations slightly depends on the location of that insulation.

A study of fractional Schrödinger equation composed of Jumarie ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In this paper we have derived the fractional-order Schrödinger equation composed of Jumarie fractional derivative. The solution of this fractional-order Schrödinger equation is obtained in terms of Mittag–Leffler function with complex arguments, and fractional trigonometric functions. A few important properties of the ...

An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating orthorhombic media

KAUST Repository

Hao, Qi; Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali

2017-01-01

solve the eikonal equation using a combination of the perturbation method and Shanks transform. For a horizontal attenuating orthorhombic layer, both the real and imaginary part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime have nonhyperbolic behaviors

An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis

KAUST Repository

Hao, Qi

2016-11-21

Seismic-wave attenuation is an important component of describing wave propagation. Certain regions, such as gas clouds inside the earth, exert highly localized attenuation. In fact, the anisotropic nature of the earth induces anisotropic attenuation because the quasi P-wave dispersion effect should be profound along the symmetry direction. We have developed a 2D acoustic eikonal equation governing the complex-valued traveltime of quasi P-waves in attenuating, transversely isotropic media with a vertical-symmetry axis (VTI). This equation is derived under the assumption that the complex-valued traveltime of quasi P-waves in attenuating VTI media are independent of the S-wave velocity parameter υS0 in Thomsen\\'s notation and the S-wave attenuation coefficient AS0 in Zhu and Tsvankin\\'s notation. We combine perturbation theory and Shanks transform to develop practical approximations to the acoustic attenuating eikonal equation, capable of admitting an analytical description of the attenuation in homogeneous media. For a horizontal-attenuating VTI layer, we also derive the nonhyperbolic approximations for the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued reflection traveltime. These equations reveal that (1) the quasi SV-wave velocity and the corresponding quasi SV-wave attenuation coefficient given as part of Thomsen-type notation barely affect the ray velocity and ray attenuation of quasi P-waves in attenuating VTI media; (2) combining the perturbation method and Shanks transform provides an accurate analytic eikonal solution for homogeneous attenuating VTI media; (3) for a horizontal attenuating VTI layer with weak attenuation, the real part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime may still be described by the existing nonhyperbolic approximations developed for nonattenuating VTI media, and the imaginary part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime still has the shape of nonhyperbolic curves. In addition, we have evaluated the possible extension of the

General Dirichlet Series, Arithmetic Convolution Equations and Laplace Transforms

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Glöckner, H.; Lucht, L.G.; Porubský, Štefan

2009-01-01

Roč. 193, č. 2 (2009), s. 109-129 ISSN 0039-3223 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA201/07/0191 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : arithmetic function * Dirichlet convolution * polynomial equation * analytic equation * topological algebra * holomorphic functional calculus * implicit function theorem * Laplace transform * semigroup * complex measure Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.645, year: 2009 http://arxiv.org/abs/0712.3172

Development of an anti-flood board to protect the interiors and exteriors of the infrastructure

Science.gov (United States)

Petru, Michal; Srb, Pavel; Sevcik, Ladislav; Martinec, Tomas; Kulhavy, Petr

2018-06-01

This article deals with the development of an anti-flood board to protect the interior and exterior of various infrastructures, such a houses, cottages or industrial buildings. It was designed prototypes and assembled numerical simulations. In Central Europe and in particular in the Czech Republic, floods are an integral part of the natural water cycle and cause great loss of life and great property damage. The development of new types of mobile anti-flood boards is very important as the design solution is developed for flood protection with regard to minimizing weight, cost of production, easy manipulation, simplicity and speed of installation.

On a new series of integrable nonlinear evolution equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichikawa, Y.H.; Wadati, Miki; Konno, Kimiaki; Shimizu, Tohru.

1980-10-01

Recent results of our research are surveyed in this report. The derivative nonlinear Schroedinger equation for the circular polarized Alfven wave admits the spiky soliton solutions for the plane wave boundary condition. The nonlinear equation for complex amplitude associated with the carrier wave is shown to be a generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equation, having the ordinary cubic nonlinear term and the derivative of cubic nonlinear term. A generalized scheme of the inverse scattering transformation has confirmed that superposition of the A-K-N-S scheme and the K-N scheme for the component equations valids for the generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Then, two types of new integrable nonlinear evolution equation have been derived from our scheme of the inverse scattering transformation. One is the type of nonlinear Schroedinger equation, while the other is the type of Korteweg-de Vries equation. Brief discussions are presented for physical phenomena, which could be accounted by the second type of the new integrable nonlinear evolution equation. Lastly, the stationary solitary wave solutions have been constructed for the integrable nonlinear evolution equation of the second type. These solutions have peculiar structure that they are singular and discrete. It is a new challenge to construct singular potentials by the inverse scattering transformation. (author)

A pitfall of piecewise-polytropic equation of state inference

Science.gov (United States)

Raaijmakers, Geert; Riley, Thomas E.; Watts, Anna L.

2018-05-01

The only messenger radiation in the Universe which one can use to statistically probe the Equation of State (EOS) of cold dense matter is that originating from the near-field vicinities of compact stars. Constraining gravitational masses and equatorial radii of rotating compact stars is a major goal for current and future telescope missions, with a primary purpose of constraining the EOS. From a Bayesian perspective it is necessary to carefully discuss prior definition; in this context a complicating issue is that in practice there exist pathologies in the general relativistic mapping between spaces of local (interior source matter) and global (exterior spacetime) parameters. In a companion paper, these issues were raised on a theoretical basis. In this study we reproduce a probability transformation procedure from the literature in order to map a joint posterior distribution of Schwarzschild gravitational masses and radii into a joint posterior distribution of EOS parameters. We demonstrate computationally that EOS parameter inferences are sensitive to the choice to define a prior on a joint space of these masses and radii, instead of on a joint space interior source matter parameters. We focus on the piecewise-polytropic EOS model, which is currently standard in the field of astrophysical dense matter study. We discuss the implications of this issue for the field.

Crossing-symmetric solutions to low equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McLeod, R.J.; Ernst, D.J.

1985-01-01

Crossing symmetric models of the pion-nucleon interaction in which crossing symmetry is kept to lowest order in msub(π)/msub(N) are investigated. Two iterative techniques are developed to solve the crossing-symmetric Low equation. The techniques are used to solve the original Chew-Low equations and their generalizations to include the coupling to the pion-production channels. Small changes are found in comparison with earlier results which used an iterative technique proposed by Chew and Low and which did not produce crossing-symmetric results. The iterative technique of Chew and Low is shown to fail because of its inability to produce zeroes in the amplitude at complex energies while physical solutions to the model require such zeroes. We also prove that, within the class of solutions such that phase shifts approach zero for infinite energy, the solution to the Low equation is unique. (orig.)

Ultra Deep Wave Equation Imaging and Illumination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alexander M. Popovici; Sergey Fomel; Paul Sava; Sean Crawley; Yining Li; Cristian Lupascu

2006-09-30

In this project we developed and tested a novel technology, designed to enhance seismic resolution and imaging of ultra-deep complex geologic structures by using state-of-the-art wave-equation depth migration and wave-equation velocity model building technology for deeper data penetration and recovery, steeper dip and ultra-deep structure imaging, accurate velocity estimation for imaging and pore pressure prediction and accurate illumination and amplitude processing for extending the AVO prediction window. Ultra-deep wave-equation imaging provides greater resolution and accuracy under complex geologic structures where energy multipathing occurs, than what can be accomplished today with standard imaging technology. The objective of the research effort was to examine the feasibility of imaging ultra-deep structures onshore and offshore, by using (1) wave-equation migration, (2) angle-gathers velocity model building, and (3) wave-equation illumination and amplitude compensation. The effort consisted of answering critical technical questions that determine the feasibility of the proposed methodology, testing the theory on synthetic data, and finally applying the technology for imaging ultra-deep real data. Some of the questions answered by this research addressed: (1) the handling of true amplitudes in the downward continuation and imaging algorithm and the preservation of the amplitude with offset or amplitude with angle information required for AVO studies, (2) the effect of several imaging conditions on amplitudes, (3) non-elastic attenuation and approaches for recovering the amplitude and frequency, (4) the effect of aperture and illumination on imaging steep dips and on discriminating the velocities in the ultra-deep structures. All these effects were incorporated in the final imaging step of a real data set acquired specifically to address ultra-deep imaging issues, with large offsets (12,500 m) and long recording time (20 s).

Analysis of the Complex Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for the Bose-Einstein Condensation of Exciton-Polaritons

KAUST Repository

Núñez, Jesus

2011-08-01

Considered as a fundamental step for the development of the atomic laser and quantum computing, as well as the theoretical explanation of super fluidity, the Bose- Einstein condensate (BEC) has emerged as one of the most important topics in modern physics. This project is devoted to the analysis of a condensate based on exciton-polaritons. This BEC is characterized by a high critical temperature of condensation (about 20 K) and non-equilibrium dynamics. A mathematical model called complex Gross- Pitaevskii equation (cGPE) is used to describe its behavior. The steady state solutions of the cGPE are studied and a numerical method based on a collocation method is proposed in order to find these solutions. Once the steady state solutions are found, a linear stability analysis is performed, demonstrating that the steady state solutions become unstable as the pumping spot radius increases. Finally, the manifestations of these instabilities are analyzed by direct simulation of the cGPE, using a second order time-splitting spectral method. As a result, it is possible to see the formation of quantum vortices, which increase in number as the pumping spot radius increases.

Linear and nonlinear properties of numerical methods for the rotating shallow water equations

Science.gov (United States)

Eldred, Chris

The shallow water equations provide a useful analogue of the fully compressible Euler equations since they have similar conservation laws, many of the same types of waves and a similar (quasi-) balanced state. It is desirable that numerical models posses similar properties, and the prototypical example of such a scheme is the 1981 Arakawa and Lamb (AL81) staggered (C-grid) total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme, based on the vector invariant form of the continuous equations. However, this scheme is restricted to a subset of logically square, orthogonal grids. The current work extends the AL81 scheme to arbitrary non-orthogonal polygonal grids, by combining Hamiltonian methods (work done by Salmon, Gassmann, Dubos and others) and Discrete Exterior Calculus (Thuburn, Cotter, Dubos, Ringler, Skamarock, Klemp and others). It is also possible to obtain these properties (along with arguably superior wave dispersion properties) through the use of a collocated (Z-grid) scheme based on the vorticity-divergence form of the continuous equations. Unfortunately, existing examples of these schemes in the literature for general, spherical grids either contain computational modes; or do not conserve total energy and potential enstrophy. This dissertation extends an existing scheme for planar grids to spherical grids, through the use of Nambu brackets (as pioneered by Rick Salmon). To compare these two schemes, the linear modes (balanced states, stationary modes and propagating modes; with and without dissipation) are examined on both uniform planar grids (square, hexagonal) and quasi-uniform spherical grids (geodesic, cubed-sphere). In addition to evaluating the linear modes, the results of the two schemes applied to a set of standard shallow water test cases and a recently developed forced-dissipative turbulence test case from John Thuburn (intended to evaluate the ability the suitability of schemes as the basis for a climate model) on both hexagonal

The Interplay of School Readiness and Teacher Readiness for Educational Technology Integration: A Structural Equation Model

Science.gov (United States)

Petko, Dominik; Prasse, Doreen; Cantieni, Andrea

2018-01-01

Decades of research have shown that technological change in schools depends on multiple interrelated factors. Structural equation models explaining the interplay of factors often suffer from high complexity and low coherence. To reduce complexity, a more robust structural equation model was built with data from a survey of 349 Swiss primary school…

Ecuador : ¿planificación democrática y consensuada de su política exterior?

OpenAIRE

Carrión Mena, Francisco

2007-01-01

En un ejercicio poco usual, Ecuador fijó en noviembre de 2006 un Plan Nacional de Política Exterior de largo plazo (hasta el 2020) después de un proceso democrático de diálogo y consultas con los más diversos sectores políticos, sociales y locales para identificar sus aspiraciones e intereses y proyectarlos al mundo competitivo y desafiante en que vivimos. El proceso que contempló talleres, seminarios y conferencias se desarrolló durante diez meses fijó en un documento gu...

Interior and exterior resonances in acoustic scattering. pt. 1 - spherical targets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaunaurd, G.C.; Tanglis, E.; Uberall, H.; Brill, D.

1983-01-01

In acoustic scattering from elastic objects, resonance features appear in the returned echo at frequencies at which the object's eigenfrequencies are located, which are explained by the excitation of 'interior' creeping waves. Corresponding resonance terms may be split off from the total scattering amplitude, leaving behind an apparently nonresonant background amplitude. This is demonstrated here for scatterers of spherical geometry and in a companion paper also for scatterers of arbitrary geometry, by using the T-matrix approach. For the case of near-impenetrable spheres, it is subsequently shown that the background amplitude can be split further into specularly reflected contributions, plus highly attenuated resonance terms which are explained by the excitation of 'exterior' (Franz-type) creeping waves. The singularity structure of the scattering function is shown mathematically, by using the R-matrix approach of the nuclear-scattering theory, as that of a meromorphic function 'without' any additional 'entire function' (as had been postulated by the singularity expansion method)

Sibling Curves 3: Imaginary Siblings and Tracing Complex Roots

Science.gov (United States)

Harding, Ansie; Engelbrecht, Johann

2009-01-01

Visualizing complex roots of a quadratic equation has been a quest since the inception of the Argand plane in the 1800s. Many algebraic and numerical methods exist for calculating complex roots of an equation, but few visual methods exist. Following on from papers by Harding and Engelbrecht (A. Harding and J. Engelbrecht, "Sibling curves and…

RETURNED FOOT EXTERIOR CHORD BROOCHES MADE OF A SINGLE METAL PIECE (TYPE ALMGREN 158 RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN THE WESTERN PLAIN OF ROMANIA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vitalie Bârcă

2014-07-01

Full Text Available This study, without aiming at exhaustiveness, attempts, based on returned foot exterior chord brooches made of a single metal pieces (type Almgren 158 discovered in 2010 following the rescue archaeological excavations performed as a result of the construction of the Arad-Timişoara Highway, respectively section Arad-Seceani, in a series of Sarmatian graves of the cemetery investigated at Hunedoara Timișană, Șagu commune, Arad county, to analyse the brooches in this type discovered in the western territories of Romania.The author examines the four specimens at Hunedoara Timișană within a broader context and concludes that similar brooches in both the Barbarian and Roman environments, where they are imports, date mainly to the chronological interval comprised between the last two decades of the 2nd c. – early 4th c. AD (stages C1a-C2.The analysis of the graves in the cemetery showed that the graves where returned foot exterior chord brooches were found date sometime in the chronological interval comprised between the end of the 2nd c. AD and the third quarter of the 3rd c. AD. Moreover, the author notes that the distribution area of this brooch type is mainly the Barbarian world of German origin (the Przeworsk culture environment or that in constant contact with the latter. Based on the analysis of the distribution area of the Almgren 158 type brooches it was concluded they originate in the Przeworsk culture environment from where they disseminated in the neighbouring south and south-east cultural environments. Last but not least, the author reaches the conclusion that brooches of the type were assumed by the Sarmatians in the Pannonian Plain from the German populations (most likely the Vandals living in the northern vicinity of the area they inhabited. Another conclusion is that such returned foot exterior chord brooches are lacking from the north and north-west Pontic areas, including the Chernyakhov area. Finally, the author argues that

Towards the general solution of the Yang-Mills equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Helfer, A.D.

1985-01-01

The author presents a new non-perturbative technique for finding arbitrary self-dual solutions to the Yang-Mills equations, and of describing massless fields minimally coupled to them. The approach uses techniques of complex analysis in several variables, and is complementary to Ward's: it is expected that a combination of the two techniques will yield general, non-self-dual solutions to the Yang-Mills equations. This has been verified to first order in perturbation theory

Unsteady subsonic and supersonic potential aerodynamics for complex configurations

Science.gov (United States)

Morino, L.; Tseng, K.

1977-01-01

A recently developed general theory for unsteady compressible potential fluid dynamics for complex-configuration aircraft is reviewed. The method is based on a combination of the following techniques: Green's function method (to transform the differential equation into an integral differential-delay equation), finite element method (to transform the equation into a set of differential-delay equations in time), and the Laplace transform method (to transform the differential-delay equations into algebraic equations).

Riccati and Ermakov Equations in Time-Dependent and Time-Independent Quantum Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dieter Schuch

2008-05-01

Full Text Available The time-evolution of the maximum and the width of exact analytic wave packet (WP solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (SE represents the particle and wave aspects, respectively, of the quantum system. The dynamics of the maximum, located at the mean value of position, is governed by the Newtonian equation of the corresponding classical problem. The width, which is directly proportional to the position uncertainty, obeys a complex nonlinear Riccati equation which can be transformed into a real nonlinear Ermakov equation. The coupled pair of these equations yields a dynamical invariant which plays a key role in our investigation. It can be expressed in terms of a complex variable that linearizes the Riccati equation. This variable also provides the time-dependent parameters that characterize the Green's function, or Feynman kernel, of the corresponding problem. From there, also the relation between the classical and quantum dynamics of the systems can be obtained. Furthermore, the close connection between the Ermakov invariant and the Wigner function will be shown. Factorization of the dynamical invariant allows for comparison with creation/annihilation operators and supersymmetry where the partner potentials fulfil (real Riccati equations. This provides the link to a nonlinear formulation of time-independent quantum mechanics in terms of an Ermakov equation for the amplitude of the stationary state wave functions combined with a conservation law. Comparison with SUSY and the time-dependent problems concludes our analysis.

Total energy and potential enstrophy conserving schemes for the shallow water equations using Hamiltonian methods - Part 1: Derivation and properties

Science.gov (United States)

Eldred, Christopher; Randall, David

2017-02-01

The shallow water equations provide a useful analogue of the fully compressible Euler equations since they have similar characteristics: conservation laws, inertia-gravity and Rossby waves, and a (quasi-) balanced state. In order to obtain realistic simulation results, it is desirable that numerical models have discrete analogues of these properties. Two prototypical examples of such schemes are the 1981 Arakawa and Lamb (AL81) C-grid total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme, and the 2007 Salmon (S07) Z-grid total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme. Unfortunately, the AL81 scheme is restricted to logically square, orthogonal grids, and the S07 scheme is restricted to uniform square grids. The current work extends the AL81 scheme to arbitrary non-orthogonal polygonal grids and the S07 scheme to arbitrary orthogonal spherical polygonal grids in a manner that allows for both total energy and potential enstrophy conservation, by combining Hamiltonian methods (work done by Salmon, Gassmann, Dubos, and others) and discrete exterior calculus (Thuburn, Cotter, Dubos, Ringler, Skamarock, Klemp, and others). Detailed results of the schemes applied to standard test cases are deferred to part 2 of this series of papers.

STUDY OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC STABILITY OF THIN-WALLED BARS EXCITED BY PERIODICAL AXIAL EXTERNAL FORCES.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Minodora Maria PASĂRE

2010-10-01

Full Text Available In these paper, starting from the relations for the displacements and spinning the transversal section of a bar with thin walls of sections opened expressed by the corresponding influence functions and introducing the components of the exterior forces distributed and the moments of the exterior forces distributed due to the inertia forces, the exciting axial forces together with the following effect of these and of the reaction forces of the elastic environment for leaning it may reach to the system of the equations of parametric vibrations under the form of three integral equation These equations may serve for the study of vibrations of the bars, to study the static stability and to study the dynamic stability

Loop equations for multi-cut matrix models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akemann, G.

1995-03-01

The loop equation for the complex one-matrix model with a multi-cut structure is derived and solved in the planar limit. An iterative scheme for higher genus contributions to the free energy and the multi-loop correlators is presented for the two-cut model, where explicit results are given up to and including genus two. The double-scaling limit is analyzed and the relation to the one-cut solution of the hermitian and complex one-matrix model is discussed. (orig.)

The Embedding Method for Linear Partial Differential Equations

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The recently suggested embedding method to solve linear boundary value problems is here extended to cover situations where the domain of interest is unbounded or multiply connected. The extensions involve the use of complete sets of exterior and interior eigenfunctions on canonical domains. Applications to typical ...

Venezuela, los cambios globales y su política exterior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos A. ROMERO

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El mundo ha avanzado hacia la globalización, lo que exige que América Latina, con poca relevancia internacional y con una situación económica crítica, busque ajustarse a las nuevas exigencias internacionales mediante "la desregulación y la coordinación económica". También se hace prioritaria la búsqueda de la integración regional tanto a nivel público como privado a través de instituciones como Mercosur y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones.Este artículo plantea las incidencias de la globalización y la integración en la política exterior venezolana y los mecanismos a aplicar para ajustarse al nuevo modelo mundial. Tres son los puntos prioritarios en este sentido: los cambios globales, el petróleo y la política exterior.La situación de Venezuela como país proveedor de petróleo a Estados Unidos le ha permitido ser conservador en sus posiciones y asumir la apertura económica de forma más discreta al resto de países de la región. La democracia es otro tema que rodea las relaciones internacionales, especialmente lo relativo a los derechos humanos y al buen gobierno, y del cual Venezuela se beneficia al procurar un espacio idóneo para su desarrollo.ABSTRACT: The world has moved towards globalization, which means that Latin America, that has low international leverage and a critical economic situation, has to search for an adjustment to the new international demands by means of "deregulation and economic coordination". It is also a priority to pursue the regional integration at the prívate and public levels through institutions such as Mercosur y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones.This article poses the incidences of globalization and integration in the Venezuelan international policy, as wcll as the mechanisms of adjustment to the new world orden. Three elements are pointed out as priorities: the global changes, the petroleum, and the international policy.The situation of Venezuela as a US supplier of petroleum has

Generalized continuity equations from two-field Schrödinger Lagrangians

Science.gov (United States)

Spourdalakis, A. G. B.; Pappas, G.; Morfonios, C. Â. V.; Kalozoumis, P. A.; Diakonos, F. K.; Schmelcher, P.

2016-11-01

A variational scheme for the derivation of generalized, symmetry-induced continuity equations for Hermitian and non-Hermitian quantum mechanical systems is developed. We introduce a Lagrangian which involves two complex wave fields and whose global invariance under dilation and phase variations leads to a mixed continuity equation for the two fields. In combination with discrete spatial symmetries of the underlying Hamiltonian, the mixed continuity equation is shown to produce bilocal conservation laws for a single field. This leads to generalized conserved charges for vanishing boundary currents and to divergenceless bilocal currents for stationary states. The formalism reproduces the bilocal continuity equation obtained in the special case of P T -symmetric quantum mechanics and paraxial optics.

La política exterior y el derecho internacional en los aspectos territoriales: el caso de Nicaragua en los últimos 20 años.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Antonio Madriz Fornos

2002-08-01

Full Text Available En la dinámica de las relaciones internacionales, en un mundo cada vez más complejo e interdependiente como el actual, la política exterior y el derecho internacional son como las dos caras de una misma moneda. Nicaragua está obligada a actuar en contra de toda política violatoria del derecho internacional, más aún cuando ésta atenta contra su soberanía e integridad territorial, haciendo uso de todos los medios que el derecho internacional pone a su disposición, incluida una política exterior más beligerante sobre el tema. Dentro de esta lógica se enmarcan los dos juicios presentados por Nicaragua ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia de la Haya, uno contra Honduras y otro contra Colombia.

Advances in real and complex analysis with applications

CERN Document Server

Cho, Yeol; Agarwal, Praveen; Area, Iván

2017-01-01

This book discusses a variety of topics in mathematics and engineering as well as their applications, clearly explaining the mathematical concepts in the simplest possible way and illustrating them with a number of solved examples. The topics include real and complex analysis, special functions and analytic number theory, q-series, Ramanujan’s mathematics, fractional calculus, Clifford and harmonic analysis, graph theory, complex analysis, complex dynamical systems, complex function spaces and operator theory, geometric analysis of complex manifolds, geometric function theory, Riemannian surfaces, Teichmüller spaces and Kleinian groups, engineering applications of complex analytic methods, nonlinear analysis, inequality theory, potential theory, partial differential equations, numerical analysis , fixed-point theory, variational inequality, equilibrium problems, optimization problems, stability of functional equations, and mathematical physics.  It includes papers presented at the 24th International Confe...

Random-walk simulation of the Schrodinger equation: H+3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, J.B.

1975-01-01

A simple random-walk method for obtaining ab initio solutions of the Schrodinger equation is examined in its application to the case of the molecular ion H + 3 in the equilateral triangle configuration with side length R=1.66 bohr. The method, which is based on the similarity of the Schrodinger equation and the diffusion equation, involves the random movement of imaginary particles (psips) in electron configuration space subject to a variable chance of multiplication or disappearance. The computation requirements for high accuracy in determining energies of H + 3 are greater than those of existing LCAO--MO--SCF--CI methods. For more complex molecular systems the method may be competitive. (auth)

Stochastic partial differential equations an introduction

CERN Document Server

Liu, Wei

2015-01-01

This book provides an introduction to the theory of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) of evolutionary type. SPDEs are one of the main research directions in probability theory with several wide ranging applications. Many types of dynamics with stochastic influence in nature or man-made complex systems can be modelled by such equations. The theory of SPDEs is based both on the theory of deterministic partial differential equations, as well as on modern stochastic analysis. Whilst this volume mainly follows the ‘variational approach’, it also contains a short account on the ‘semigroup (or mild solution) approach’. In particular, the volume contains a complete presentation of the main existence and uniqueness results in the case of locally monotone coefficients. Various types of generalized coercivity conditions are shown to guarantee non-explosion, but also a systematic approach to treat SPDEs with explosion in finite time is developed. It is, so far, the only book where the latter and t...

On Robust Stability of Differential-Algebraic Equations with Structured Uncertainty

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A. Kononov

2018-03-01

Full Text Available We consider a linear time-invariant system of differential-algebraic equations (DAE, which can be written as a system of ordinary differential equations with non-invertible coefficients matrices. An important characteristic of DAE is the unsolvability index, which reflects the complexity of the internal structure of the system. The question of the asymptotic stability of DAE containing the uncertainty given by the matrix norm is investigated. We consider a perturbation in the structured uncertainty case. It is assumed that the initial nominal system is asymptotically stable. For the analysis, the original equation is reduced to the structural form, in which the differential and algebraic subsystems are separated. This structural form is equivalent to the input system in the sense of coincidence of sets of solutions, and the operator transforming the DAE into the structural form possesses the inverse operator. The conversion to structural form does not use a change of variables. Regularity of matrix pencil of the source equation is the necessary and sufficient condition of structural form existence. Sufficient conditions have been obtained that perturbations do not break the internal structure of the nominal system. Under these conditions robust stability of the DAE with structured uncertainty is investigated. Estimates for the stability radius of the perturbed DAE system are obtained. The text of the article is from the simpler case, in which the perturbation is present only for an unknown function, to a more complex one, under which the perturbation is also present in the derivative of the unknown function. We used values of the real and the complex stability radii of explicit ordinary differential equations for obtaining the results. We consider the example illustrating the obtained results.

Chiral equations and fiber bundles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mateos, T.; Becerril, R.

1992-01-01

Using the hypothesis g = g (lambda i ), the chiral equations (rhog, z g -1 ), z -bar + (rhog, z -barg -1 ), z = 0 are reduced to a Killing equation of a p-dimensional space V p , being lambda i lambda i (z, z-bar) 'geodesic' parameters of V p . Supposing that g belongs to a Lie group G, one writes the corresponding Lie algebra elements (F) in terms of the Killing vectors of V p and the generators of the subalgebra of F of dimension d = dimension of the Killing space. The elements of the subalgebras belong to equivalence classes which in the respective group form a principal fiber bundle. This is used to integrate the matrix g in terms of the complex variables z and z-bar ( Author)

A survey of spatially distributed exterior dust lead loadings in New York City

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caravanos, Jack [Hunter College-CUNY, School of Health Sciences (United States); Weiss, Arlene L [Environmental Medicine Inc., 263 Center Avenue, Westwood, NJ 07675 (United States); School of Medicine, New York University, NY 10016 (United States); Blaise, Marc J [Hunter College-CUNY, School of Health Sciences (United States); Jaeger, Rudolph J [Environmental Medicine Inc., 263 Center Avenue, Westwood, NJ 07675 (United States) and School of Medicine, New York University, NY 10016 (United States)

2006-02-15

This work documents ambient lead dust deposition values (lead loading) for the boroughs of New York City in 2003-2004. Currently, no regulatory standards exist for exterior concentrations of lead in settled dust. This is in contrast to the clearance and risk assessment standards that exist for interior residential dust. The reported potential for neurobehavioral toxicity and adverse cognitive development in children due to lead exposure prompts public health concerns about undocumented lead sources. Such sources may include settled dust of outdoor origin. Dust sampling throughout the five boroughs of NYC was done from the top horizontal portion of pedestrian traffic control signals (PTCS) at selected street intersections along main thoroughfares. The data (n=214 samples) show that lead in dust varies within each borough with Brooklyn having the highest median concentration (730{mu}g/ft{sup 2}), followed in descending order by Staten Island (452{mu}g/ft{sup 2}), the Bronx (382{mu}g/ft{sup 2}), Queens (198{mu}g/ft{sup 2}) and finally, Manhattan (175{mu}g/ft{sup 2}). When compared to the HUD/EPA indoor lead in dust standard of 40{mu}g/ft{sup 2}, our data show that this value is exceeded in 86% of the samples taken. An effort was made to determine the source of the lead in the dust atop of the PTCS. The lead in the dust and the yellow signage paint (which contains lead) were compared using isotopic ratio analysis. Results showed that the lead-based paint chip samples from intact signage did not isotopically match the dust wipe samples taken from the same surface. We know that exterior dust containing lead contributes to interior dust lead loading. Therefore, settled leaded dust in the outdoor environment poses a risk for lead exposure to children living in urban areas, namely, areas with elevated childhood blood lead levels and background lead dust levels from a variety of unidentified sources.

A survey of spatially distributed exterior dust lead loadings in New York City

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caravanos, Jack; Weiss, Arlene L.; Blaise, Marc J.; Jaeger, Rudolph J.

2006-01-01

This work documents ambient lead dust deposition values (lead loading) for the boroughs of New York City in 2003-2004. Currently, no regulatory standards exist for exterior concentrations of lead in settled dust. This is in contrast to the clearance and risk assessment standards that exist for interior residential dust. The reported potential for neurobehavioral toxicity and adverse cognitive development in children due to lead exposure prompts public health concerns about undocumented lead sources. Such sources may include settled dust of outdoor origin. Dust sampling throughout the five boroughs of NYC was done from the top horizontal portion of pedestrian traffic control signals (PTCS) at selected street intersections along main thoroughfares. The data (n=214 samples) show that lead in dust varies within each borough with Brooklyn having the highest median concentration (730μg/ft 2 ), followed in descending order by Staten Island (452μg/ft 2 ), the Bronx (382μg/ft 2 ), Queens (198μg/ft 2 ) and finally, Manhattan (175μg/ft 2 ). When compared to the HUD/EPA indoor lead in dust standard of 40μg/ft 2 , our data show that this value is exceeded in 86% of the samples taken. An effort was made to determine the source of the lead in the dust atop of the PTCS. The lead in the dust and the yellow signage paint (which contains lead) were compared using isotopic ratio analysis. Results showed that the lead-based paint chip samples from intact signage did not isotopically match the dust wipe samples taken from the same surface. We know that exterior dust containing lead contributes to interior dust lead loading. Therefore, settled leaded dust in the outdoor environment poses a risk for lead exposure to children living in urban areas, namely, areas with elevated childhood blood lead levels and background lead dust levels from a variety of unidentified sources

A política exterior do Brasil: 1990-2002

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Bernal-Meza

2002-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo destaca a continuidade na política exterior do Brasil, identificando duas vertentes principais: participar ativamente do ordenamento mundial e tornar-se ator central no cenário internacional, tomando como importante referência o Mercosul e a construção de parcerias estratégicas - pautadas sobretudo no desenvolvimento econômico. As relações com a Argentina, da competição à integração, são destacadas na agenda de relações econômicas internacionais. O Brasil, nesse contexto, representa potência regional ante a América Latina e potência média ante o restante do mundo.The article highlights the continuity of the actions of the Brazilian external policy, identifying two main slopes: to participate actively in the world order and become a central actor in the international scenery, taking as important reference Mercosur and the construction of strategic partnerships - based mainly in the economic development. The relations with Argentina, from competition to integration, are outstanding in the agenda of international economic relations. In this context, Brazil represents a regional power in the ambit of Latin America, and a medium power in the ambit of the world.

The relation among the hyperbolic-function-type exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Chunping; Liu Xiaoping

2004-01-01

First, we investigate the solitary wave solutions of the Burgers equation and the KdV equation, which are obtained by using the hyperbolic function method. Then we present a theorem which will not only give us a clear relation among the hyperbolic-function-type exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations, but also provide us an approach to construct new exact solutions in complex scalar field. Finally, we apply the theorem to the KdV-Burgers equation and obtain its new exact solutions

Differential form representation of stochastic electromagnetic fields

Science.gov (United States)

Haider, Michael; Russer, Johannes A.

2017-09-01

In this work, we revisit the theory of stochastic electromagnetic fields using exterior differential forms. We present a short overview as well as a brief introduction to the application of differential forms in electromagnetic theory. Within the framework of exterior calculus we derive equations for the second order moments, describing stochastic electromagnetic fields. Since the resulting objects are continuous quantities in space, a discretization scheme based on the Method of Moments (MoM) is introduced for numerical treatment. The MoM is applied in such a way, that the notation of exterior calculus is maintained while we still arrive at the same set of algebraic equations as obtained for the case of formulating the theory using the traditional notation of vector calculus. We conclude with an analytic calculation of the radiated electric field of two Hertzian dipole, excited by uncorrelated random currents.

La política exterior colombiana de asistencia a connacionales detenidos en México (periodo 2010-2014)

OpenAIRE

Parra Murcia, Lina María

2015-01-01

El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es analizar y describir la política pública encargada de brindar asistencia consular a los colombianos detenidos en México. Dicha política implementada en el primer gobierno del presidente Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, ha contribuido a mejorar la situación de los nacionales privados de su libertad fortaleciendo la figura institucional del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores a través del Consulado y las herramientas empleadas durante su administración. S...

Complex saddle points and the sign problem in complex Langevin simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayata, Tomoya; Hidaka, Yoshimasa; Tanizaki, Yuya

2016-01-01

We show that complex Langevin simulation converges to a wrong result within the semiclassical analysis, by relating it to the Lefschetz-thimble path integral, when the path-integral weight has different phases among dominant complex saddle points. Equilibrium solution of the complex Langevin equation forms local distributions around complex saddle points. Its ensemble average approximately becomes a direct sum of the average in each local distribution, where relative phases among them are dropped. We propose that by taking these phases into account through reweighting, we can solve the wrong convergence problem. However, this prescription may lead to a recurrence of the sign problem in the complex Langevin method for quantum many-body systems.

Separate P‐ and SV‐wave equations for VTI media

KAUST Repository

Pestana, Reynam C.; Ursin, Bjø rn; Stoffa, Paul L.

2011-01-01

In isotropic media we use the scalar acoustic wave equation to perform reverse time migration RTM of the recorded pressure wavefleld data. In anisotropic media P- and SV-waves are coupled and the elastic wave equation should be used for RTM. However, an acoustic anisotropic wave equation is often used instead. This results in significant shear wave energy in both modeling and RTM. To avoid this undesired SV-wave energy, we propose a different approach to separate P- and SV-wave components for vertical transversely isotropic VTI media. We derive independent pseudo-differential wave equations for each mode. The derived equations for P- and SV-waves are stable and reduce to the isotropic case. The equations presented here can be effectively used to model and migrate seismic data in VTI media where ε - δ is small. The SV-wave equation we develop is now well-posed and triplications in the SV wavefront are removed resulting in stable wave propagation. We show modeling and RTM results using the derived pure P-wave mode in complex VTI media and use the rapid expansion method REM to propagate the waveflelds in time. © 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.