WorldWideScience

Sample records for ephi proekt vysokotemperaturnoj

  1. An electrical pulse hydride injector (EPHI) for reactor fueling and tritium handling applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Azizov, E.A.; Kareev, Yu.A.; Savotkin, A.N.; Frunze, V.V.; Penzhorn, R.D.; Glugla, M.

    1995-01-01

    An electrical pulse hydride injector (EPHI) has been developed for reactor fuelling as well as for handling of hydrogen isotopes in facilities operating with tritium. Salient features of the EPHI are the accuracy with which the fuelling rate can be controlled and the avoidance of a pressurized ballast. The generator is simple and allows for safe operation with tritium. (orig.)

  2. Open Ephys: an open-source, plugin-based platform for multichannel electrophysiology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Siegle, Joshua H; López, Aarón Cuevas; Patel, Yogi A; Abramov, Kirill; Ohayon, Shay; Voigts, Jakob

    2017-08-01

    Closed-loop experiments, in which causal interventions are conditioned on the state of the system under investigation, have become increasingly common in neuroscience. Such experiments can have a high degree of explanatory power, but they require a precise implementation that can be difficult to replicate across laboratories. We sought to overcome this limitation by building open-source software that makes it easier to develop and share algorithms for closed-loop control. We created the Open Ephys GUI, an open-source platform for multichannel electrophysiology experiments. In addition to the standard 'open-loop' visualization and recording functionality, the GUI also includes modules for delivering feedback in response to events detected in the incoming data stream. Importantly, these modules can be built and shared as plugins, which makes it possible for users to extend the functionality of the GUI through a simple API, without having to understand the inner workings of the entire application. In combination with low-cost, open-source hardware for amplifying and digitizing neural signals, the GUI has been used for closed-loop experiments that perturb the hippocampal theta rhythm in a phase-specific manner. The Open Ephys GUI is the first widely used application for multichannel electrophysiology that leverages a plugin-based workflow. We hope that it will lower the barrier to entry for electrophysiologists who wish to incorporate real-time feedback into their research.

  3. Open Ephys electroencephalography (Open Ephys  +  EEG): a modular, low-cost, open-source solution to human neural recording.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Black, Christopher; Voigts, Jakob; Agrawal, Uday; Ladow, Max; Santoyo, Juan; Moore, Christopher; Jones, Stephanie

    2017-06-01

    Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a unique opportunity to study human neural activity non-invasively with millisecond resolution using minimal equipment in or outside of a lab setting. EEG can be combined with a number of techniques for closed-loop experiments, where external devices are driven by specific neural signals. However, reliable, commercially available EEG systems are expensive, often making them impractical for individual use and research development. Moreover, by design, a majority of these systems cannot be easily altered to the specification needed by the end user. We focused on mitigating these issues by implementing open-source tools to develop a new EEG platform to drive down research costs and promote collaboration and innovation. Here, we present methods to expand the open-source electrophysiology system, Open Ephys (www.openephys.org), to include human EEG recordings. We describe the equipment and protocol necessary to interface various EEG caps with the Open Ephys acquisition board, and detail methods for processing data. We present applications of Open Ephys  +  EEG as a research tool and discuss how this innovative EEG technology lays a framework for improved closed-loop paradigms and novel brain-computer interface experiments. The Open Ephys  +  EEG system can record reliable human EEG data, as well as human EMG data. A side-by-side comparison of eyes closed 8-14 Hz activity between the Open Ephys  +  EEG system and the Brainvision ActiCHamp EEG system showed similar average power and signal to noise. Open Ephys  +  EEG enables users to acquire high-quality human EEG data comparable to that of commercially available systems, while maintaining the price point and extensibility inherent to open-source systems.

  4. Open Ephys electroencephalography (Open Ephys  +  EEG): a modular, low-cost, open-source solution to human neural recording

    Science.gov (United States)

    Black, Christopher; Voigts, Jakob; Agrawal, Uday; Ladow, Max; Santoyo, Juan; Moore, Christopher; Jones, Stephanie

    2017-06-01

    Objective. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a unique opportunity to study human neural activity non-invasively with millisecond resolution using minimal equipment in or outside of a lab setting. EEG can be combined with a number of techniques for closed-loop experiments, where external devices are driven by specific neural signals. However, reliable, commercially available EEG systems are expensive, often making them impractical for individual use and research development. Moreover, by design, a majority of these systems cannot be easily altered to the specification needed by the end user. We focused on mitigating these issues by implementing open-source tools to develop a new EEG platform to drive down research costs and promote collaboration and innovation. Approach. Here, we present methods to expand the open-source electrophysiology system, Open Ephys (www.openephys.org), to include human EEG recordings. We describe the equipment and protocol necessary to interface various EEG caps with the Open Ephys acquisition board, and detail methods for processing data. We present applications of Open Ephys  +  EEG as a research tool and discuss how this innovative EEG technology lays a framework for improved closed-loop paradigms and novel brain-computer interface experiments. Main results. The Open Ephys  +  EEG system can record reliable human EEG data, as well as human EMG data. A side-by-side comparison of eyes closed 8-14 Hz activity between the Open Ephys  +  EEG system and the Brainvision ActiCHamp EEG system showed similar average power and signal to noise. Significance. Open Ephys  +  EEG enables users to acquire high-quality human EEG data comparable to that of commercially available systems, while maintaining the price point and extensibility inherent to open-source systems.

  5. Determinants of employment-based private health insurance coverage in Denmark

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Astrid Kiil

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available This study estimates the determinants of having employment-based private health insurance (EPHI based on data from a survey of the Danish workforce conducted in 2009. The study contributes to the literature by exploring the role of satisfaction with the tax-financed health care system as a potential determinant of EPHI ownership and by taking into account that some employees receive EPHI free of charge, while others pay the premium out of their pre-tax income and thus make an actual choice. The results indicate that the probability of having EPHI is positively affected by private sector employment, size of the workplace, whether the workplace has a health scheme, income, being employed as a white-collar worker, and age until the age of 49, while the presence of subordinates, gender, education level, membership of 'denmark' and living in the capital region are not significantly associated with EPHI coverage. As expected, the characteristics related to the workplace are by far the quantitatively most important determinants. The association between EPHI and self-assessed health is found to be quadratic such that individuals in good self-assessed health are more likely to be covered by EPHI than those in excellent and fair, poor or very poor self-assessed health, respectively. Finally, the probability of having EPHI is found to be negatively related to the level of satisfaction with the tax-financed health care system. The findings of the study are not affected notably by distinguishing empirically between employees who receive EPHI free of charge and those who pay the premium out of their pre-tax income. Link to Appendix

  6. VOL 6. NO. 1 2015 BILINGUAL LITERATURE OF TANZANIA AS A ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Frederick Iraki

    relatively young literary traditions, characterized by rather high level of dynamics. .... birthplace for Tanzanian English language literature, whose very existence was until ..... “O nauchno-issledovatelskom proekte 'Osobye mezhliteraturnye.

  7. Origins and interrelationship of Intraseasonal rainfall variations around the Maritime Continent during boreal winter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Xi; Wu, Renguang

    2018-04-01

    Large intraseasonal rainfall variations are identified over the southern South China Sea (SSCS), tropical southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO), and east coast of the Philippines (EPHI) in boreal winter. The present study contrasts origins and propagations and investigates interrelations of intraseasonal rainfall variations on the 10-20- and 30-60-day time scales in these regions. Different origins are identified for intraseasonal rainfall anomalies over the SSCS, SEIO, and EPHI on both time scales. On the 10-20-day time scale, strong northerly or northeasterly wind anomalies related to the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) play a major role in intraseasonal rainfall variations over the SSCS and EPHI. On the 30-60-day time scale, both the intraseasonal signal from the tropical Indian Ocean and the EAWM-related wind anomalies contribute to intraseasonal rainfall variations over the SSCS, whereas the EAWM-related wind anomalies have a major contribution to the intraseasonal rainfall variations over the EPHI. No relation is detected between the intraseasonal rainfall variations over the SEIO and the EAWM on both the 10-20-day and 30-60-day time scales. The anomalies associated with intraseasonal rainfall variations over the SSCS and EPHI propagate northwestward and northeastward, respectively, on the 10-20- and 30-60-day time scales. The intraseasonal rainfall anomalies display northwestward and northward propagation over the Bay of Bengal, respectively, on the 10-20- and 30-60-day time scales.

  8. Perspectives on Russian Foreign Policy

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-09-01

    geopolitics with the clash of civilizations scheme and the Orthodox Christian dogmas, is the anonymous Proekt Rossiya (Project Russia) enterprise, which...Popechitel’stvo, (tutelage). But the Bolsheviks took it up soon after they seized power. In 1918 , Bolshevik Commissar of Enlightenment, Ana- toly...Russia no longer borders either on Romania or Poland). • America is also extending missile defenses to Central and Eastern Europe even though no

  9. Environmental Public Health Indicators Impact Report: Data and methods that support environmental public health decision-making by communities

    Science.gov (United States)

    This report presents the results of twenty competitively funded Science-To-Achieve-Results (STAR) grants in EPA's Environmental Public Health Indicators (EPHI) research program. The grantsdirectly supported health interventions, informed policy and decision-making, and improved t...

  10. Privacy and security of patient data in the pathology laboratory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cucoranu, Ioan C; Parwani, Anil V; West, Andrew J; Romero-Lauro, Gonzalo; Nauman, Kevin; Carter, Alexis B; Balis, Ulysses J; Tuthill, Mark J; Pantanowitz, Liron

    2013-01-01

    Data protection and security are critical components of routine pathology practice because laboratories are legally required to securely store and transmit electronic patient data. With increasing connectivity of information systems, laboratory work-stations, and instruments themselves to the Internet, the demand to continuously protect and secure laboratory information can become a daunting task. This review addresses informatics security issues in the pathology laboratory related to passwords, biometric devices, data encryption, internet security, virtual private networks, firewalls, anti-viral software, and emergency security situations, as well as the potential impact that newer technologies such as mobile devices have on the privacy and security of electronic protected health information (ePHI). In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) govern the privacy and protection of medical information and health records. The HIPAA security standards final rule mandate administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of ePHI. Importantly, security failures often lead to privacy breaches, invoking the HIPAA privacy rule as well. Therefore, this review also highlights key aspects of HIPAA and its impact on the pathology laboratory in the United States.

  11. Privacy and security of patient data in the pathology laboratory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ioan C Cucoranu

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Data protection and security are critical components of routine pathology practice because laboratories are legally required to securely store and transmit electronic patient data. With increasing connectivity of information systems, laboratory work-stations, and instruments themselves to the Internet, the demand to continuously protect and secure laboratory information can become a daunting task. This review addresses informatics security issues in the pathology laboratory related to passwords, biometric devices, data encryption, internet security, virtual private networks, firewalls, anti-viral software, and emergency security situations, as well as the potential impact that newer technologies such as mobile devices have on the privacy and security of electronic protected health information (ePHI. In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA govern the privacy and protection of medical information and health records. The HIPAA security standards final rule mandate administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and security of ePHI. Importantly, security failures often lead to privacy breaches, invoking the HIPAA privacy rule as well. Therefore, this review also highlights key aspects of HIPAA and its impact on the pathology laboratory in the United States.

  12. Breakdown of Onsager symmetry in neoclassical transport theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Molvig, K.; Bernstein, I.B.

    1982-01-01

    Neoclassical transport theory is developed in a Lagrangian rather than the usual Eulerian formulation.. It is shown that an underlying asymmetry exists in the neoclassical pinch and bootstrap effects and demonstrate the physical basis of the Onsager symmetry relationship in the pinch-bootstrap duality. A simple model calculation shows that low frequency turbulence can destroy the bootstrap current at levels, ephi-circumflex/Tsub(c) approximately 10 -2 , too low to affect the Ware pinch. (author)

  13. Infrared study of the absorption edge of β-InN films grown on GaN/MgO structures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez-Caro, M.; Rodríguez, A. G.; Vidal, M. A.; Navarro-Contreras, H.

    2010-07-01

    Infrared optical studies were carried out in a group of cubic InN samples grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy on MgO (001) substrates. Room temperature (RT) reflectance and low-temperature (LT) transmittance measurements were performed by using fast Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Reflectance fittings allowed to establish that β-InN films have large free-carrier concentrations present (>1019 cm-3), a result that is corroborated by Hall effect measurements. Each sample explored exhibited a different optical absorption edge. The Varshni parameters that describe adequately the optical absorption edge responses with temperature are obtained for the set of samples studied. The observed temperatures changes, from LT to RT, are the lowest reported for III-V semiconductor binary compounds. The temperature coefficient of the conduction band depends on the strength of the electron-phonon interaction (e-ph-i), as well as on the thermal expansion. It has been predicted that cubic InN has one of the smallest e-ph-i of all III-V compounds, which is corroborated by these results. The variation in values of absorption edges is clearly consistent with the Burstein-Moss and band renormalization effects, produced by high free electron concentrations. It is shown that the conduction band in β-InN, analogous to wurtzite InN, follows a nonparabolic behavior.

  14. Infrared study of the absorption edge of β-InN films grown on GaN/MgO structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Perez-Caro, M.; Rodriguez, A. G.; Vidal, M. A.; Navarro-Contreras, H.

    2010-01-01

    Infrared optical studies were carried out in a group of cubic InN samples grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy on MgO (001) substrates. Room temperature (RT) reflectance and low-temperature (LT) transmittance measurements were performed by using fast Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Reflectance fittings allowed to establish that β-InN films have large free-carrier concentrations present (>10 19 cm -3 ), a result that is corroborated by Hall effect measurements. Each sample explored exhibited a different optical absorption edge. The Varshni parameters that describe adequately the optical absorption edge responses with temperature are obtained for the set of samples studied. The observed temperatures changes, from LT to RT, are the lowest reported for III-V semiconductor binary compounds. The temperature coefficient of the conduction band depends on the strength of the electron-phonon interaction (e-ph-i), as well as on the thermal expansion. It has been predicted that cubic InN has one of the smallest e-ph-i of all III-V compounds, which is corroborated by these results. The variation in values of absorption edges is clearly consistent with the Burstein-Moss and band renormalization effects, produced by high free electron concentrations. It is shown that the conduction band in β-InN, analogous to wurtzite InN, follows a nonparabolic behavior.

  15. ULTRAFISH: generalization of SUPERFISH to m greater than or equal to 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gluckstern, R.L.; Holsinger, R.F.; Halbach, K.; Minerbo, G.N.

    1982-01-01

    The present version of the SUPERFISH program computes fundamental and higher order resonant frequencies and corresponding fields of azimuthally symmetric TE and TM modes (m = 0) in an electromagnetic cavity which is a figure of revolution about a longitudinal axis. We have developed the program ULTRAFISH which computes the resonant frequencies and fields in such a cavity for azimuthally asymmetric modes (cos mphi with m greater than or equal to 1). These modes no longer can be characterized as TE and TM and lead to simultaneous equations involving two field components. These are taken for convenience to be rEphi and rHphi, in terms of which all four other field components are expressed. Several different formulations for solving the equations are being investigated

  16. Reactivity coefficients by perturbation theory; Calcul des coefficients de re activite par la theorie des perturbations; Koehffitsienty reaktivnosti, opredelennye pri pomoshchi teorii vozmushchenij; Determinacion, de coeficientes de reactividad con ayuda de la teoria de las perturbaciones

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Webster, J W [International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)

    1962-03-15

    obrazom, otritsatel'nym , t.e. koehffitsient poroznosti yavlyaetsya polozhitel'nym , chto predstavlyaet soboj opasnoe uslovie. Mozhno legko videt' iz dvukhgruppovoj formy, kakie izmeneniya v proekte dolzhny byt' sdelany, chtoby poluchit' proekt s otritsatel'nym koehffitsientom poroznosti. Proekt poluchil dal'nejshee razvitie v posleduyushchikh issledovaniyakh, v khode kotorykh opredeleny osushchestvimye izmeneniya dlya proekta, i proekt MCBR s otritsatel'nym koehffitsientom poroznosti byl, v konechnom schete, dostignut. (author)

  17. Falcon: a highly flexible open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ciliberti, Davide; Kloosterman, Fabian

    2017-08-01

    Closed-loop experiments provide unique insights into brain dynamics and function. To facilitate a wide range of closed-loop experiments, we created an open-source software platform that enables high-performance real-time processing of streaming experimental data. We wrote Falcon, a C++ multi-threaded software in which the user can load and execute an arbitrary processing graph. Each node of a Falcon graph is mapped to a single thread and nodes communicate with each other through thread-safe buffers. The framework allows for easy implementation of new processing nodes and data types. Falcon was tested both on a 32-core and a 4-core workstation. Streaming data was read from either a commercial acquisition system (Neuralynx) or the open-source Open Ephys hardware, while closed-loop TTL pulses were generated with a USB module for digital output. We characterized the round-trip latency of our Falcon-based closed-loop system, as well as the specific latency contribution of the software architecture, by testing processing graphs with up to 32 parallel pipelines and eight serial stages. We finally deployed Falcon in a task of real-time detection of population bursts recorded live from the hippocampus of a freely moving rat. On Neuralynx hardware, round-trip latency was well below 1 ms and stable for at least 1 h, while on Open Ephys hardware latencies were below 15 ms. The latency contribution of the software was below 0.5 ms. Round-trip and software latencies were similar on both 32- and 4-core workstations. Falcon was used successfully to detect population bursts online with ~40 ms average latency. Falcon is a novel open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience. It has sub-millisecond intrinsic latency and gives the experimenter direct control of CPU resources. We envisage Falcon to be a useful tool to the neuroscientific community for implementing a wide variety of closed-loop experiments, including those requiring use of complex data structures and real

  18. Falcon: a highly flexible open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ciliberti, Davide; Kloosterman, Fabian

    2017-08-01

    Objective. Closed-loop experiments provide unique insights into brain dynamics and function. To facilitate a wide range of closed-loop experiments, we created an open-source software platform that enables high-performance real-time processing of streaming experimental data. Approach. We wrote Falcon, a C++ multi-threaded software in which the user can load and execute an arbitrary processing graph. Each node of a Falcon graph is mapped to a single thread and nodes communicate with each other through thread-safe buffers. The framework allows for easy implementation of new processing nodes and data types. Falcon was tested both on a 32-core and a 4-core workstation. Streaming data was read from either a commercial acquisition system (Neuralynx) or the open-source Open Ephys hardware, while closed-loop TTL pulses were generated with a USB module for digital output. We characterized the round-trip latency of our Falcon-based closed-loop system, as well as the specific latency contribution of the software architecture, by testing processing graphs with up to 32 parallel pipelines and eight serial stages. We finally deployed Falcon in a task of real-time detection of population bursts recorded live from the hippocampus of a freely moving rat. Main results. On Neuralynx hardware, round-trip latency was well below 1 ms and stable for at least 1 h, while on Open Ephys hardware latencies were below 15 ms. The latency contribution of the software was below 0.5 ms. Round-trip and software latencies were similar on both 32- and 4-core workstations. Falcon was used successfully to detect population bursts online with ~40 ms average latency. Significance. Falcon is a novel open-source software for closed-loop neuroscience. It has sub-millisecond intrinsic latency and gives the experimenter direct control of CPU resources. We envisage Falcon to be a useful tool to the neuroscientific community for implementing a wide variety of closed-loop experiments, including those

  19. Violations of the equivalence principle in a dilaton-runaway scenario

    CERN Document Server

    Damour, Thibault Marie Alban Guillaume; Veneziano, Gabriele

    2002-01-01

    We explore a version of the cosmological dilaton-fixing and decoupling mechanism in which the dilaton-dependence of the low-energy effective action is extremized for infinitely large values of the bare string coupling $g_s^2 = e^{\\phi}$. We study the efficiency with which the dilaton $\\phi$ runs away towards its ``fixed point'' at infinity during a primordial inflationary stage, and thereby approximately decouples from matter. The residual dilaton couplings are found to be related to the amplitude of the density fluctuations generated during inflation. For the simplest inflationary potential, $V (\\chi) = {1/2} m_{\\chi}^2 (\\phi) \\chi^2$, the residual dilaton couplings are shown to predict violations of the universality of gravitational acceleration near the $\\Delta a / a \\sim 10^{-12}$ level. This suggests that a modest improvement in the precision of equivalence principle tests might be able to detect the effect of such a runaway dilaton. Under some assumptions about the coupling of the dilaton to dark matter...

  20. HIF transport issues for P>10-3 Torr and Z>1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Olson, C.L.

    1986-01-01

    Final transport schemes for HIF are examined, with emphasis on transport for p>10 -3 Torr and Z>1 since this should simplify the reactor design and reduce the length of the accelerator. Specifically the question of charge neutralization is addressed. We find (1) the fractional neutralization f needed scales as f/sub i/ = (1-Z -2 ) which means f/sub i/>0.89 is needed for Z>3; (2) axially-trapped electrons limit the net beam potential to ephi/sub min/ = α(1/2 m/sub e/v/sub i/ 2 ) with 1≤αapprox. <4; (3) radially-expelled plasma ions increase f/sub i/ especially near the pellet; (4) radially-oscillating plasma electrons have and adiabatic limit of f/sub i/≅0.5; and (5) as f/sub i/ approaches unity, plasma particle trajectories may involve drift motions along and radially away from the ion beam. Also, criteria are given for the maximum Z/A allowed for transporting very large currents. For the HIF parameters used, it appears that neutralization will probably be adequte for Zapprox. <3

  1. The Subcritical Assembly for High-Temperature Use; Assemblage Sous-Critique Pour Emploi a Haute Temperature; K voprosu o podkriticheskoj sborke dlya ispol'zovaniya pri vysokikh temperaturakh; Conjunto Subcritico para Temperatura Elevada

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sakurai, Y.; Sekiya, T.; Suita, T. [Osaka University (Japan); Hishida, H.; Hamada, H.; Nagashima, K. [Sumitomo Atomic Energy Industries Group (Japan)

    1964-04-15

    semejantes a los de un pequeflo reactor nuclear. Se estudia la manera de determinar experimentalmente el laplaciano del sistema y se procura encontrar la mejor ubicacion posible para la fuente neutronica pulsante y para los detectores. Ademas, se esta perfeccionando un metodo exclusivo de medicion de la densidad del flujo neutronico a temperatura elevada. Por ultimo, el autor se propone investigar la influencia de esta temperatura elevada sobre los parametros del reactor. (author) [Russian] Podkriticheskie sborki predstavljajut soboj ustanovki s grafitovym zamedlitelem i toplivom v vide prirodnogo urana. Osobennost' konstrukcii takoj ustanovki zakljuchaetsja v nalichii vysokotemperaturnoj oblasti, kotoraja mozhet byt' sozdana v centre sborok aktivnoj zony v nizkotemperaturnoj oblasti i daet vozmozhnost' poluchenija informacii kak dlja vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora s gazovym ohlazhdeniem, tak i dlja neposredstvennogo prevrashhenija jenergii vysokotemperaturnoj gazovoj sredy v jelektrichestvo. Dalee, podkriticheskie sborki predpolagaetsja ispol'zovat' dlja podgotovki studentov starshih kursov. Dannaja sborka byla smontirovana v ob{sup e}me 2 x 2 x 3 m iz grafitovyh blokov v vide kvadratnyh sterzhnej dlinoj 10 sm. Vysokotemperaturnaja oblast' ob{sup e}mom 1 m3 obrazuetsja s pomoshh'ju dzhouleva tepla, v nej mozhet podderzhivat'sja temperatura do 2000 Degree-Sign S. Dlja nizkotemperaturnoj oblasti primenjaetsja toplivo v vide tabletok UO{sub 2}, dlja vysokotemperaturnoj chasti izgotovljajutsja tabletki iz UC{sub 2}. Toplivo pomeshhaetsja vnutri grafitovoj obolochki kvadratnyh sterzhnej. Istochniki Am -Be moshhnost'ju 5 kjuri ustanavlivajutsja pod podstavkoj, raspolozhennoj v nizhnej chasti sborok. S drugoj storony, impul'snye nejtrony inzhektirujutsja v proizvol'noj tochke vnutri sborki. Mishen' v konce rasshiritel'noj trubki uskoritelja bombardiruetsja puchkom dejtronov. Vyhodnaja shina sistemy dzhouleva podogreva ohlazhdaetsja vodoj, a dlja ohlazhdenija vsej poverhnosti stenok

  2. About the parametric interplay between ionic mach number, body-size, and satellite potential in determining the ion depletion in the wake of the S3-2 Satellite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Samir, U.; Wildman, P.J.; Rich, F.; Brinton, H.C.; Sagalyn, R.C.

    1981-01-01

    Measurements of ion current, electron temperature, and density and values of satellite potential from the U.S. Air Force Satellite S3-2 together with ion composition measurements from the Atmosphere Explorer (AE-E) satellite were used to examine the variation of the ratio α = [I/sub +/(wake)]/[I/sub +/(ambient)] (where I/sub +/ is the ion current) with altitude and to examine the significance of the parametric interplay between ionic Mach number, normalized body size R/sub D/( = R0/lambda/sub D/, where R 0 is the satellite radius and lambda/sub D/ is the ambient debye length) and normalized body potenital phi/sub N/( = ephis/KT/sub e/, where phi/sub s/ is the satellite potential, T/sub e/ is the electron temperature, and e and K are constants). It was possible to separate between the influence of R/sub D/ and phi/sub N/ on α for a specific range parameters. Uncertainty, however, remains regarding the competiton between R/sub D/ and S(H + ) and S(O + ) are oxygen and hydrogen ionic Mach numbers, respectively) in determining the ion distribution in the nearest vicincity to the satellite surface. A brief discussion relevant to future experiments in the area of body plasma flow interactions to be conducted on board the Shuttle/Spacelab facility, is also included

  3. Security of electronic medical information and patient privacy: what you need to know.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andriole, Katherine P

    2014-12-01

    The responsibility that physicians have to protect their patients from harm extends to protecting the privacy and confidentiality of patient health information including that contained within radiological images. The intent of HIPAA and subsequent HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules is to keep patients' private information confidential while allowing providers access to and maintaining the integrity of relevant information needed to provide care. Failure to comply with electronic protected health information (ePHI) regulations could result in financial or criminal penalties or both. Protected health information refers to anything that can reasonably be used to identify a patient (eg, name, age, date of birth, social security number, radiology examination accession number). The basic tools and techniques used to maintain medical information security and patient privacy described in this article include physical safeguards such as computer device isolation and data backup, technical safeguards such as firewalls and secure transmission modes, and administrative safeguards including documentation of security policies, training of staff, and audit tracking through system logs. Other important concepts related to privacy and security are explained, including user authentication, authorization, availability, confidentiality, data integrity, and nonrepudiation. Patient privacy and security of medical information are critical elements in today's electronic health care environment. Radiology has led the way in adopting digital systems to make possible the availability of medical information anywhere anytime, and in identifying and working to eliminate any risks to patients. Copyright © 2014 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Adiabatic energy change of plasma electrons and the frame dependence of the cross-shock potential at collisionless magnetosonic shock waves

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goodrich, C.C.; Scudder, J.D.

    1984-01-01

    In collisionless magnetosonic shock waves, ions are commonly thought to be decelerated by dc electrostatic cross-shock electric field along the shock normal n. In a frame where ions are normally incident to the shock the change in the potential energy [qphi/sup N/] in the quasi-perpendicular geommetry is of the order of the change of the energy of normal ion flow: [qphi/sup N/]roughly-equal[1/2m/sub i/(V/sub i//sup N/xn) 2 ], which is approximately 200-500 eV at the earth's bow shock. We show that the electron energy gain, typically 1/10 this number, is consistent with such a large potential jump in this geometry. Key facts are the different paths taken by electrons an ions through the shock wave and the frame dependence of the potential jump in the geometry. In the normal incidence frame, electrons lose energy by doing work against the solar wind motional electric field E/sub M//sup N/, which partially offsets the energy gain from the cross-shock electrostatic potential energy [ephi/sub asterisk//sup N/]. In the de Hoffman-Teller frame the motional electric field vanishes; the elctrons gain the full electrostatic potential energy jump e[phi/sub asterisk//sup H//sup T/] of that frame, which is not, however, equal to the electrostatic potential energy jump e[phi/sub asterisk//sup N/] of that frame, which is not, however, equal to the electrostatic potential energy jump e[phi/sub asterisk//sup N/] in the normal incidence frame

  5. Improved Specimen-Referral System and Increased Access to Quality Laboratory Services in Ethiopia: The Role of the Public-Private Partnership.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kebede, Yenew; Fonjungo, Peter N; Tibesso, Gudeta; Shrivastava, Ritu; Nkengasong, John N; Kenyon, Thomas; Kebede, Amha; Gadde, Renuka; Ayana, Gonfa

    2016-04-15

    Nonstandardized specimen-transport logistics, lack of laboratory personnel to transport specimens, lack of standard specimen containers, and long turnaround time (TAT) hindered access to quality laboratory services. The objective of the Becton, Dickinson, and Company (BD)-US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Public-Private Partnership (PPP) was to support country-specific programs to develop integrated laboratory systems, services, and quality improvement strategies, with an emphasis on strengthening the specimen-referral system (SRS). In 2007, through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) joined with the BD-PEPFAR PPP to strengthen laboratory systems. A joint planning and assessment committee identified gaps in the SRS for prioritization and intervention and piloted the system in Addis Ababa and Amhara Region. The PPP established standardized, streamlined specimen logistics, using the Ethiopian Postal Service Enterprise to support a laboratory network in which 554 facilities referred specimens to 160 laboratories. The PPP supported procuring 400 standard specimen containers and the training of 586 laboratory personnel and 81 postal workers. The average TAT was reduced from 7 days (range, 2-14 days) to 2 days (range, 1-3 days) in Addis Ababa and from 10 days (range, 6-21 days) to 5 days (range, 2-6 days) in Amhara Region. This study highlights the feasibility and untapped potential of PPPs to strengthen laboratory systems. This planned and structured approach to improving specimen referral enhanced access to quality laboratory services. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

  6. a Theoretical Study of Coherent Structures in Nonneutral Plasma Columns

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lund, Steven M.

    A ubiquitous feature of experimental and computer simulation studies of magnetically confined pure electron plasmas in cylindrical confinement devices is the formation of nonaxisymmetric (partial/partial theta ne 0) rotating equilibria. In this dissertation, nonaxisymmetric rotating equilibria are investigated theoretically for strongly magnetized, low-density (omega_sp{pe} {2}/omega_sp{ce}{2 } guiding-center model in the cold-fluid limit (the continuity and Poisson equations) that treats the electrons as a massless fluid (m_{e} to 0) with E times B flow velocity V _{e} = -(c/B_0)nablaphi times {bf e}_{z}. Within this model, general rotating equilibria with electron density (n_{e} equiv n_{R}(r,theta-omega _{r}t) and electrostatic potential phi equiv phi_{R }(r,theta-omega_{r}t) have the property that the electron density is functionally related to the streamfunction psi _{R} = -ephi_{R} + omega_{r}(eB_0/2c)r^2 by n_{R} = n_{R }(psi_{R}). The streamfunction psi_{R} satisfies the nonlinear equilibrium equation nabla ^2psi_{R} = -4pi e^2n _{R}(psi_{R}) + 2omega_{r}eB_0/c with psi_{R} = omega _{r}(eB_0/2c)r_sp{w }{2} equiv psi_{w } = const. on the cylindrical wall at r = r_{w}. A general methodology for the solution of this equilibrium system is presented and several properties of rotating equilibria are analyzed. Following this analysis, two classes of nonaxisymmetric equilibria are investigated. These two classes of equilibria can have large amplitude (strongly nonaxisymmetric). First, a class of vortex-like rotating equilibria is analyzed that is characterized by a structured density profile that fills a confinement geometry with an inner conducting cylinder at radius r = r_{I} Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253 -1690.).

  7. Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Irradiated Apple Juice; Analyse des Constituants Volatils des Jus de Pommes Irradies; Mezhdunarodnyj proekt po oblucheniyu fruktov i fruktovykh sokov; Analisis de los Componentes Volatiles de los Zumos de Manzana Irradiados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dubois, P.; Zenz, H.; Stehlik, G.; Kaindl, K. [Agence Europeenne pour l' Energie Nucleaire, Seibersdorf (Austria)

    1966-11-15

    The organoleptic studies and wholesomeness tests that are being carried out as part of the International Programme on the Irradiation of Fruit and Fruit Juices (Seibersdorf Project) entail analysis of the aromatic substances present in irradiated and non-irradiated juice. The volatile substances present in irradiated fruit juices were analysed by gas chromatography, with direct injection of the emitted vapours at ambient temperature and at 60 Degree-Sign C (Weurman's Head Space Technique). The volatile constituents were identified by comparing the amounts retained in the column with those for pure substances and by removing certain constituents from the vapour with the help of chemical reagents. To simplify the analyses, the first tests were carried out on concentrated apple juice from which the volatile substances had been removed before irradiation. Irradiation gave rise to five aldehydes in the normal apple juice (acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaldehyde and capronaldehyde), but only three in the concentrated juice (acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde and isovaleraldehyde). In addition, 2-butanone appeared in the concentrated juice; however, the peak corresponding to it on the chromatogram was completely masked by the ethanol peak in the case of non-concentrated juice. Furan was also detected, together with traces of two compounds that have not yet been identified. Similar results have been obtained by pasteurization, such as in bottling by heat. (author) [French] Dans le cadre du projet international de recherches sur la conservation des fruits et jus de fruits par irradiation (Seibersdorf), les etudes organoleptiques, de meme que les tests d'innocuite, rendent indispensable l'analyse des substances aromatiques des jus irradies et non irradies. Les substances volatiles des jus de pommes irradies ont ete analysees par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, par injection directe des vapeurs qu'ils emettent, soit a la temperature du laboratoire, soit a 60 Degree-Sign C (Head Space Technique de Weurman). Les identifications ont ete faites par comparaison des volumes de retention avec ceux de substances pures, et a l'aide de reactifs chimiques permettant d'eliminer certains constituants de la vapeur. Pour simplifier les analyses, les premiers essais ont porte sur des concentres de jus de pommes ne contenant plus de substances volatiles avant irradiation. Par irradiation, cinq aldehydes prennent naissance dans les jus de pommes: acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde et capronaldehyde; mais trois seulement dans les jus concentres; acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde et isovaleraldehyde. De plus, la 2-butanone apparait dans les jus concentres, mais le pic qui lui correspond sur les chroma- togrammes est entierement masque par celui de l'ethanol dans le cas des jus non concentres. Par ailleurs on a mis en evidence les formations de furane et de deux composes qui n'apparaissent qu'a l'etat de traces et qui n'ont pas pu etre identifies a ce jour. Des resultats analogues ont ete obtenus par pasteurisation, telle qu'elle est realisee par embouteillage a chaud. (author) [Spanish] Los estudios organolepticos y los ensayos de inocuidad que se realizan dentro del marco del proyecto internacional de investigaciones sobre la conservacion de frutas y zumos de fruta por irradiacion (Seibersdorf) hacen indispensable el analisis de las sustancias aromaticas de los zumos irradiados y no irradiados. Las sustancias volatiles de los zumos de manzana irradiados han sido analizados por cromatografia en fase gaseosa, inyectando directamente los vapores que emiten a la temperatura ambiente y a 60 Degree-Sign C (tecnica 'Head Space' , de Weurman). Las identificaciones se han efectuado comparando los volumenes de retencion con los de sustancias puras y eliminando ciertos constituyentes del vapor con reactivos quimicos. Para simplificar los analisis, los primeros ensayos se han efectuado con concentrados de zumos de manzana que no contenian ya sustancias volatiles antes de la irradiacion. En los zumos de manzana, la irradiacion hace aparecer cinco aldehidos: acetico, isobutirico, butirico, isovalerico y capronico; en los zumos concentrados solo se han observado tres: acetico, isobutirico e isovalerico. En estos zumos concentrados aparece, ademas, 2-butanona p'ero en los no concentrados el maximo que le corresponde en los cromatogramas queda enteramente cubierto por el del etanol. Se ha comprobado la formacion de.furano y de dos compuestos que solo aparecen como vestigios y que no han podido ser aun identificados. Se han obtenido resultados analogos mediante pasterizacion realizada por embotellamiento en caliente. (author) [Russian] V ramkah Mezhdunarodnogo issledovatel'skogo proekta po konservirovaniju fruktov i fruktovyh sokov metodom obluchenija (Zajbersdorf) organolepticheskie issledovanija, a takzhe ispytanija na bezvrednost' delajut neobhodimym .provedenie analiza aromaticheskih veshhestv, obluchennyh i neobluchennyh sokov. Analizirovalis' letuchie veshhestva obluchennyh jablochnyh sokov metodom hromatografii v gazovoj faze putem neposredstvennogo vvedenija parov', ispuskaemyh sokami, libo pri rabochej temperature libo pri 60 Degree-Sign - 100 Degree-Sign (Head Space Techniguede Weurman). Identifikacija proizvodilas' putem sravnenija ob{sup e}mov uderzhanija s ob{sup e}mami chistyh veshhestv i pri pomoshhi himicheskih reaktivov, kotorye pozvoljali ustranjat' nekotorye komponenty para. Dlja uproshhenija analizov pervye issledovanija provodilis' s koncentratami jablochnyh sokov, ne soderzhavshih pered oblucheniem letuchih veshhestv. Pri obluchenii v jablochnom soke pojavljajutsja pjat' al'degidov: acetal'degid, izomaslja- nyj al'degid, masljanyj al'degid, izovaler'janovyj al'degid i kapronal'degid. V koncentrirovannyh sokah pojavljajutsja tol'ko tri al'degida: acetal'degid, izomasljanyj al'degid i izovaler'janovyj al'degid. Krome togo, v koncentrirovannyh sokah pojavljaetsja 2-butanon, no sootvetstvujushhij emu na hromatogrammah pik polnost'ju pokryvaetsja pikom jetanola, kogda rech' idet o nekoj- centrirovannyh sokah. Byli obnaruzheny k tomu zhe obrazovanija furana i dvuh soedinenij, kotorye pojavljajutsja tol'ko v vide sledov i kotorye ne byli opredeleny do nastojashhego vremeni. Poluchennye rezul'taty byli analogichny tem, chto i pri pasterizacii putem nagrevanija. (author)

  8. The Adoption of Urgent Measures to Protect the Population in the Event of an Accidental Release of Radioactivity into the Environment; 041f 0420 0414

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dikobes, I. K.; Il' In, L. A.; Kozlov, V. M.; Moiseev, A. A. [Ministerstvo Zdravoohranenija SSSR, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation); Konstantinov, Ju. O.; Tarasov, S. I.; Shamov, V. P. [Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Institut Radiacionnoj Gigieny Ministerstva Zdravoohranenija RSFSR, Leningrad, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1969-10-15

    situacii takova, chto sootvetstvujushhie mery zashhity jeffektivny lish' v tom sluchae, esli oni predprinimajutsja vovremja, v pervye chasy ili dni situacii. Pojetomu programma obespechenija radiacionnoj zashhity naselenija pri avarijnoj situacii dolzhna vkljuchat' (a) metody bystrogo poluchenija dozimetricheskoj informacii, neobhodimoj dlja jekstrennoj ocenki potencial'noj radiacionnoj opasnosti, (b) kriterij dlja prinjatija neotlozhnyh reshenij, t.e. urovni radioaktivnogo zagrjaznenija ili obluchenija, argumentirujushhie neobhodimost' jekstrennogo vypolnenija konkretnyh mer zashhity ili otsutstvie takoj neobhodimosti. Privodjatsja rekomendacii (proekt ukazanij) po prinjatiju reshenij. Kriteriem dlja prinjatija reshenij sluzhat dva urovnja opasnosti (A i B) po kazhdomu iz putej obluchenija, potencial'no sushhestvennyh pri rassmatrivaemoj situacii: vneshnee i kontaktnoe obluchenie, ingaljacija, zagrjaznenie produktov pitanija. Reshenija ob jekstrennom vypolnenii mer zashhity sleduet prinimat' na osnovanii sravnenija ocenennyh (prognozirovannyh) urovnej opasnosti s urovnjami kriterija, kotorye opredeljajutsja kak takie urovni opasnosti, pri kotoryh vypolnenie sootvetstvujushhih mer zashhity zhelatel'no (A) ili objazatel'no, nezavisimo ot konkretnyh obstojatel'stv (B). Chislennye znachenija urovnej kriterija vybrany s uchetom specifiki situacii i mer zashhity, predel'no dopustimyh urovnej professional'nogo obluchenija i izvestnyh svedenij o biologicheskom riske opredelennyh urovnej obluchenija. (author)

  9. Advanced epithermal thorium reactor (AETR) physics; Physique d'un reacteur au thorium, a neutrons epithermiques, de type perfectionne (AETR); Fizika usovershenstvovannog o nadteplovogo torievogo reaktora; Fisica del reactor epitermico de tipo avanzado, alimentado con torio (AETR)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campise, A. V. [Atomics International, Canoga Park, CA (United States)

    1962-03-15

    del {sup 233}Pa y de isotopos del uranio sobre el balance neutronico relativo y se evalua la probable razon de reproduccion y las caracteristicas de combustion teniendo en cuenta la imprecision en el conocimiento de las secciones eficaces nucleares. (author) [Russian] Rassmatrivayuts ya printsipy konstruirovani ya usovershenstvovannog o nadteplovogo torievogo reaktora s uchetom sushchestvuyushchej teorii yadernykh parametrov i potentsial'nogo poleznogo ispol'zovaniya nejtronov. Byl izuchen ehffekt rezonansnogo zakhvata toriya v sistemakhs grafitovym zamedlitelem dlya nejtronov s ehnergiyami ot 0,10 do 100 kehv. Ispol'zuyutsya formuly uzkogo rezonansa i shirokogo rezonansa v tselyakh polucheniya zavisimogo ot temperatury ehffektivnogo rezo- nansnogo integrala torievogo sterzhnya, kotoryj vyrazhaetsya v vide ehkvivalentnykh mnogogruppovykh sechenij. Neobkhodimost' v poluchenii yadernykh dannykh v oblasti promezhutochnykh ehnergij privela k sozdaniyu proekta i konstruktsii kriticheskoj sborki. Yadernyj proekt ehtoj sborki podcherkivaet vazhnost' dannykh poperechnykh sechenij i teoreticheskoj interpretatsii ehksperimental'nykh rezul'tatov, imeyushchikh otnoshenie k usovershenstvovannom u nadteplovomu torievomu reaktoru. Tochnost' analiticheskikh metodov byla podtverzhdena pri analize ehksperimental'nykh rezul'tatov, poluchennykh na reaktore nulevoj moshchnosti ZPR-III. Provodyatsya sravneniya trekh konfiguratsij teploperedachi s ispol'zovaniem udvoennogo vremeni v kachestve optimal'nogo parametra. EHffekt proizvodstva izotopa protaktiniya-233 i urana pri otnositel'no poleznom ispol'zovanii nejtronov, vozmozhnye koehffitsienty vosproizvodstva i kharakteristiki vygoraniya otsenivayutsya v svyazi s netochnostyami v yadernykh poperechnykh secheniyakh. (author)

  10. Fixation of Radionuclides in Titanium Dioxide and Titanates via co-Precipitation; Fixation de Radioelements dans le Bioxyde de Titane et dans les Titanates par Coprecipitation; 0424 0418 041a 0421 0410 0426 0418 042f 0420 0410 0414 0418 041e 0418 0417 041e 0422 041e 041f 041e 0412 0412 0414 0412 0423 041e 041a 0418 0421 0418 0422 0418 0422 0410 041d 0410 0418 1 0418 0422 0410 041d 0410 0422 0410 0425 041c 0415 0422 041e 0414 041e 041c 0421 041e 041e 0421 0410 0416 0414 0415 041d 0418 042f ; Fijacion de Radionuclidos en Dioxido de Titanio y Titanatos por Coprecipitacion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Levi, H. W. [Hahn-Meitner Institut fuer Kernforschung, Berlin-Wannsee, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

    1963-02-15

    vvedenija aktivnosti v jetot predvaritel'nyj produkt. Nedostatkami soosazhdenija javljajutsja trudnost' otdelenija vysokoaktivnogo shlamma ot rastvora i nizkaja stepen' udalenija cezija, a preimushhestvami - prigodnost' dlja predvaritel'nyh processov, menee ogranichennaja ob{sup e}mnaja emkost' po sravneniju s sorbcionnoj sposobnost'ju glinistyh mineralov i otsutstvie stadii vyparivanija. Pojetomu predstavljaetsja zhelatel'nym podrobnee rassmotret' himiju sootvetstvujushhih sistem soosazhdenija. Pervoj byla vybrana sistema TiO{sub 2} blagodarja horoshim fiksirujushhim kachestvam TiO{sub 2} i titanatov. Soosaditel'nye svojstva TiO{sub 2} * H{sub 2}O izuchalis' v razlichnyh jeksperimental'nyh uslovijah. Dlja nekotoryh radioizotopov kojefficient raspredelenija okazalsja takim zhe ili luchshim, chem v sluchae drugih gidratov okisi. Vysokaja koncentracija radioizotopa ili analogichnyh emu ionov vyzyvaet umen'shenie kojefficienta raspredelenija. Jetogo mozhno izbezhat' odnovremennym osazhdeniem karbonatov ili oksalatov, v rezul'tate kotorogo udaljaetsja osnovnoe kolichestvo ionov. Izuchalos' takzhe vlijanie aljuminija, prisutstvujushhego v bol'shih kolichestvah. Nachato issledovanie obrazovanija oktajedrita i rutila iz chistogo osadka TiO{sub 2} * H{sub 2}O i titanatov iz osadkov TiO{sub 2} * H{sub 2}O+ karbonat ili oksalat v processe vysokotemperaturnoj obrabotki. (author)

  11. A Rapid-Insertion Control-Absorber Mechanism for Use in Hollow Fuel Elements; Mecanisme d'Insertion Rapide d'Absorbants pour Utilisation dans des Elements Creux; Mekhanizm bystrogo vvoda poglotitelya dlya ispol'zovaniya v polykh toplivnykh ehlementakh; Mecanismo para la Insercion Rapida de Absorbentes en Elementos Combustibles Huecos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    King, E. S.F. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1964-06-15

    alrededor del absorbente es grande, de modo que este ultimo cae libremente cuando se suelta, venciendo solamente la resistencia debida a la viscosidad del moderador refrigerante, siendo detenido por un tope situado en una barra central que corre a lo largo del tomillo-guia hasta un amortiguador de muelle anular situado en la parte superior del mecanismo. Despues de soltar el absorbente, el obturador es desplazado hacia abajo por el motor, a toda velocidad, para volver a enganchar el absorbente. El dispositivo cabe en el elemento combustible y puede ser extraido del reactor junto con dicho elemento o separadamente, por medio de la caja de descarga de combustible. (author) [Russian] V nastojashhem doklade opisyvaetsja tehnicheskij proekt i harakteristika mehanizma s bystro vvodimym poglotitelem dlja ispol'zovanija vnutri polyh vertikal'nyh Toplivnyh jelementov reaktorov, prednaznachennyh dlja ispytanija materialov, tipa DIDO s potokom teplovyh nejtronov 10{sup 14} n/cm{sup 2}/sek. Pervonachal'noe uskorenie vvodimogo poglotitelja proishodit za schet sily tjazhesti, i polnyj vvod sterzhnja na 61 sm zanimaet 0,4 sek. Na otdeljonie ot magnita uhodit 5 millisekund. Poglotitel' vesit 7 kg, jeffektivnaja ploshhad' kadmija sostavljaet. 1000 cm{sup 2} , i on kontroliruet pochti 3% reaktivnosti. On mozhet byt' ustanovlen na mesto s. tochnost'ju do 4 x 10{sup -3}cm i izvlechen so skorost'ju 0,04 sm/sek i 0,01 sm/sek. Mehanizm sostoit iz stupenchatogo noniusnogo motora, kotoryj privodit v dvizhenie hodovoj vint i podnimaet ili opuskaet plotno prignannuju cilindricheskuju zashhitnuju probku, na nizhnem konce kotoroj nahoditsja jelektromagnit; podderzhivajushhij trubchatyj poglotitel'. Vokrug poglotitelja imjojutsja bol'shie radial'nye zazory, i pri osvobozhdenii poglotitelja on svobodno padaet, hotja ostaetsja vjazkoe trenie zamedlitelja/ohladitelja do ego ostanovki stoporom central'nogo sterzhnja, prohodjashhim cherez hodovoj vint k amortizirujushhemu ustrojstvu s kol'cevoj pruzhinoj

  12. The Role of Diffusion Measurements in the Study of Crystal Lattice Defects; Role des Mesures de la Diffusion dans l'Etude des Defauts des Reseaux Cristallins; Rol' diffuzionnykh izmerenij v izuchenii defektov kristallicheskikh reshetok.rol' diffuzionnykh izmerenij v izuchenii defektov kristallicheskikh reshetok; Las Mediciones de la Difusion en el Estudio de Defectos de los Reticulados Cristalinos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kidson, G. V. [Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, ON (Canada)

    1966-02-15

    aluminiopuros, y el mecanismo de difusion se interpreta en terminos de la estructura del reticulado compuesto. Los resultados indican que el ZrAl{sub 3} forma un reticulado con defectos, lo que conduce a la migracion relativamente rapida de los atomos de aluminio. (author) [Russian] Izmerenie podvizhnosti atomov v tverdyh telah chasto predstavljaet neposredst- vennyj interes dlja lic, zanimajushhihsja konstruirovaniem, razrabotkoj i ispol'zovaniem materialov v tehnike. Odnako v nastojashhee vremja vse bol'shee vnimanie udeljaetsja izucheniju takih svojstv s uchetom nalichija i haraktera tochechnyh i linejnyh defektov v kristallah. Rassmatrivajutsja nekotorye poslednie issledovanija diffuzii, provedennye v Jadernyh labora- torijah Chok-River, kotorye ne tol'ko dajut dannye, predstavljajushhie interes dlja jader- noj tehnologii, no i pozvoljajut bolee fundamental'no ponjat' harakter defektov reshetok, vstrechajushhihsja v materialah. Rassmatrivaemymi sistemami javljajutsja: 1) samodiffuzija v vysokotemperaturnoj faze chistogo cirkonija; 2) diffuzija rastvorennogo veshhestva v svin- ce i 3) vzaimnaja diffuzija aljuminija i cirkonija. Kratko rassmatrivajutsja neobychnye i v nastojashhee vremja ne polnost'ju ponjatye rezul'taty, soderzhashhiesja v punkte 1). Privodjatsja dannye, kotorye dajut osnovanie predpolagat', chto diffuzija proishodit ili cherez plot- nuju sistemu dislokacii, obrazovavshujusja v rezul'tate transformacii martensitovoj fazy, ili cherez izbytochnye vakansii v kristalle, svjazannye s primesjami. Vo vtorom punk- te budet obsuzhdat'sja vopros o chrezvychajno bystroj diffuzii rastvorennyh blagorodnyh metallov v monokristallah svinca vysokoj chistoty s tochki zrenija sostojanija atomov rastvo- rennogo veshhestva. Pokazano, chto ih diffuzionnoe povedenie mozhet byt' ponjato, esli predpolozhit', chto frakcija f{sub i} atomov rastvorennogo veshhestva zanimaet mezhdouzlija. Izmerennyj kojefficient diffuzii Ot s v jazans kojefficientom mezhdouzlovoj diffuzii otno- sheniem

  13. The Application of Non-Metallic Core Materials in a High-Temperature Reactor Experiment; Utilisation de materes non metalliques dans le coeur d'un reacteur experimental a haute temperature; Ispol'zovanie nemetallicheskikh materialov dlya aktivnoj zony vysokotemperaturnogo opytnogo reaktora; Empleo de materiales no metalicos en el nucleo de un reactor experimental de alta temperatura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huddle, R. A.U.; Shepherd, L. R. [Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Dragon Project, Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, Dorset (United Kingdom)

    1963-11-15

    comportamiento de estos materiales en condiciones de funcionamiento normales. Se comunican los resultados de las investigaciones sobre irradiacion, asi como de los trabajos efectuados en los circuitos del reactor. El objetivo principal de este programa es el perfeccionamiento de los reactores de elevada temperatura refrigerados por gas para aplicarlos a la generacion de electricidad en condiciones rentables. (author) [Russian] Proekt vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora (DRAGON)sozdan dlya razrabotki tekhnologii vysokotemperaturnykh reaktorov s gazovym okhladitelem; v nem predusmatrivalos' sooruzhenie i ehkspluatatsiya opytnogo reaktora na 20 mgvt (tepl.). Reaktor, sooruzhenie kotorogo budet vskore zakoncheno, predstavlyaet soboj sistemu, okhlazhdaemuyu geliem; temperatura na vykhode iz aktivnoj zony budet dostigat' 750{sup o}C. V nem budet ispol'zovat'sya U-235 v kachestve goryuchego i torij v kachestve vosproizvodyashchego materiala. Kharakternoj osobennost'yu sistemy yavlyaetsya otsutstvie kakogo-libo metalla v aktivnoj zone. Vvidu togo, chto v reaktore dolzhny razvivat'sya ves'ma vysokie temperatury,' a imenno, 1050{sup o}C na poverkhnosti teplovydelyayushchego ehlementa i do 1500{sup o}C v naibolee sil'no nagrevaemykh tochkakh topliva, dlya ego sooruzheniya ispol'zovany ogneupornye nemetallicheskie materialy. Vse veshchestvo aktivnoj zony sosredotocheno v teplovydelyayushchem ehlemente, blagodarya chemu sootnoshenie mezhdu poverkhnost'yu teploperedachi i ob{sup e}mom aktivnoj zony dostigaet bol'shogo znacheniya, i, sledovatel'no, pozvolyaet dostigat' vysokoj srednej plotnosti ehnergii v sravnitel'no kompaktnoj sisteme. Kazhdyj teplovydelyayushchij ehlement sostoit ieh gruppy grafitovykh trubok, zapolnennykh grafitovymi tabletkami, soderzhashchimi rasshcheplyayushcheesya i vosproizvodyashchee veshchestva v vide karbidov. Gelievyj okhladitel' prokhodit po osi. kazhdogo teplovydelyayushchego sterzhnya i vyvoditsya u ego osnovaniya, okhladitel' zatem napravlyaetsya v ochistitel

  14. Plasma Containment and Stability in a Megajoule Theta-Pinch Experiment; Confinement et Stabilite du Plasma dans un Dispositif a Striction Azimutale de un Megajoule; Uderzhanie i ustojchivost' plazmy pri provedenii ehksperimenta s' megadzhoulevym teta-pinchem; Confinamiento y Estabilidad del Plasma en un Experimento de Estriccion Azimutal de 1 MJ

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bodin, H. A.B.; Green, T. S.; Newton, A. A.; Niblett, G. B.F.; Reynolds, J. A. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Laboratory, Abingdon, Berks. (United Kingdom)

    1966-04-15

    tecnicas: las principales son la interferometrta optica para evaluar el numero total de particulas capturadas, un analisis de la emision en la zona continua del espectro visible para obtener la densidad de lineas en funcion de la posicion axial, y el empleo de microsondas piezoelectricas de presion para medir el tamaflo de la abertura de perdidas. Los resultados muestran que el plasma sufre difusion del campo magnetico en las fases iniciales y enfriamiento de los electrones por irradiacion debida a impurezas o por conduccion termica a lo largo de las lineas de fuerza. Como consecuencia, el valor {beta} del plasma desciende a 0,5 aproximadamente, a la densidad magnetica maxima, con lo que se agrandan las aberturas magneticas de los extremos de la bobina, originando asi el escape axial del plasma. Los principales problemas aun pendientes de solucion se refieren al perfeccionamiento de un dispositivo de precalentamiento que permita obtener un plasma de temperatura mas elevada con un valor {beta} proximo a la unidad, y a la reduccion de la velocidad de perdida de energia delos electrones. (author) [Russian] Pri provedenii poslednih jeksperimentov po polucheniju vysokotemperaturnoj plazmy na tetatrone byla ispol'zovana bystraja megadzhoulevaja batareja kondensatorov. Odnozahodnaja katushka, dlinoj 200 sm i diametrom 10 sm, sozdaet pole intensivnost'ju 76 kg s poluperiodom 12 mksek. Dejterievyj gaz ispol'zuetsja pri nachal'nyh davlenijah v diapazone 10-50 militor. i predvaritel'no ioniziruetsja aksial'nym tokom. Posledujushhee smeshhenie plazmy k stenkam kvarcevoj razrjadnoj trubki ustranjaetsja v rezul'tate umen'shenija izgiba uderzhivajushhih magnitnyh silovyh linij s ispol'zovaniem linii parallel'nogo polosnogo propuskanija mezhdu katushkoj i kollektorom. Budet obsuzhden vopros o proishozhdenii krugovogo dvizhenija plazmy s maloj amplitudoj vokrug central'noj osi ravnovesija, tak nazyvaemogo javlenija ''kachanija''. Obshhie osobennosti razrjada analizirovalis' putem

  15. Review of Development Status of Nuclear Superheat; Expose sur l'etat actuel des travaux concernant la surchauffe nucleaire; Obzor razrabotki voprosa o yadernykh peregrevatelyakh; Estudio de los progresos realizados en niateria de sobrecalentamiento nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Imhoff, D. H.; Pennington, R. T. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)

    1963-10-15

    nuclear utilizado en el sobrecalentador, evaluaciones de la corrosion uniforme y localizada, tanto en el interior como en el exterior del reactor, resultados de experimentos criticos de sobrecalentamiento termico, y de las comprobaciones experimentales de transmision de calor; por ultimo, examen sucinto de las ventajas economicas que, segun los estudios, presentan los reactores de sobrecalentador separado, los reactores de sobrecalentador integrado y los reactores con sobrecalentamiento de espectro mixto. b) Breve descripcion del programa ESADA-VESR de desarrollo de combustibles para sobrecalentamiento nuclear, patrocinado por la Comision de Energia Atomica. Examen de los trabajos de investigacion, del diseflo de los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del sobrecalentador, de la gama de variables experimentales y de los resultados previstos para el programa trienal de desarrollo del combustible. (author) [Russian] Nachinaya s 1959 goda kompaniya ''Dzheneral Ehlektrik'' aktivno zanimalas' provedeniem raboty v oblasti yadernogo peregreva na reaktorakh s zamedlitelem iz obychnoj vody. Za ehtot period v SSHA vpervye byl proizveden yadernyj peregretyj par v khode provedeniya usovershenstvovannogo demonstratsionnogo ehksperimenta s peregrevom cha ustanovke SADE. Ehtot proekt finansirovalsya kompaniej. Nyneshnee sostoyanie s yadernym peregrevom podrazdelyaetsya na dve glavnye kategorii. Pervaya yavlyaetsya opisaniem trekh osnovnykh ustanovok po oblucheniyu peregretogo topliva, ispol'zuemykh kompaniej ''Dzheneral ehlektrik'', i vtoraya - opisaniem dvukh glavnykh razrabotannykh programm deyatel'nosti, vmeste s obzorom po sostoyaniyu na segodnyashnij den' znachitel'nykh rezul'tatov razvitiya v oblasti peregreva. 1. Glavnye usovershenstvovannye ustanovki: a) Daehtsya kratkoe opisanie ehksperimenta (SADE) na Vallesitosskom reaktore s kipyashchej vodoj (VBWR), privodyatsya tablitsy ehkspluatatsionnykh uslovij, dannye o toplivnykh ehlementakh, obluchennykh v period mezhdu maem

  16. Calcination of Radioactive Waste in Molten Sulphur; Calcination de Dechets Radioactifs dans le Soufre Fondu; 041a 0410 041b 042c 0426 0418 041d 0418 0420 041e 0412 0410 041d 0418 0415 0420 0410 0414 0418 041e 0410 041a 0422 0418 0412 041d 042b 0425 041e 0422 0425 041e 0414 041e 0412 0412 0420 0410 0421 041f 041b 0410 0412 041b 0415 041d 041d 041e 0419 0421 0415 0420 0415 ; Calcinacion de Desechos Radiactivos en Azufre Fundido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Winsche, W. E.; Davis, Jr., M. W.; Goodlett, Jr., C. B.; Occhipinti, E. S.; Webster, D. S. [E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Aiken, SC (United States)

    1963-02-15

    odnogo - pjati chasov dlja udalenija sernoj kisloty i ostavshejsja vody i dlja dal'nejshego kvl'ninirovanija i vosstanovlenija himicheskih soedinenij v sbrosnom sernom shlamme. Na jetih stadijah rasplavlennaja sera sluzhit v kachestve teploprovodnoj sredy, prepjatstvuet uvlecheniju radioaktivnyh tverdyh chastic obrazujushhimisja parami i gazami, a takzhe uletuchivaniju radioaktivnogo rutenija ne dopuskaja obrazovanija chetyrehokiela. Laboratornye opyty s ispol'zovaniem v kachestve pitajushhego rastvora koncentrirovannyh othodov vysokoj aktivnosti (1.3 x 10{sup 9} {gamma} c/(min)(ml), 2.0M Al(N0{sub 3}){sub 3}, i 1.5M HNO{sub 3}) pokazali, chto na jetih stadijah processa vyhodjashhimi gazami uvlekaetsja priblizitel'no lish' odna chast' na 100 000 chastej aktivnosti, soderzhashhejsja v ishodnom produkte. Po okonchanii vysokotemperaturnoj obrabotki sbrosnoj sernyj shlamm ohlazhdaetsja do 120 Degree-Sign C - 150 Degree-Sign C i slivaetsja v emkosti dlja okonchatel'nogo hranenija, v kotoryh on zatverdevaet. Stojkost' zatverdevshego sbrosnogo sernogo olamma protiv vozdejstvija vody byla ispol'zovana v kachestve mery jeffektivnosti jetogo metoda obrabotki, hotja avtory ne otkazyvajutsja ot zashhity sistemy emkostej protiv vozdejstvija vody. Iz imitirujushhih rastvorov, soderzhashhih Al(NO{sub 3}){sub 3} jeili nitraty rastvorennoj nerzhavejushhej stali s indikatornymi kolichestvami radioaktivnogo stroncija i cezija, a takzhe iz koncentrirovannyh vysokoradioaktivnyh othodov, soderzhashhih Al(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}, byli izgotovleny nebol'shie cilindry otverzhdennogo shlamma. Jeti cilindry podvergalis' dlitel'nomu vozdejstviju vody. Skorost' vyshhelachivanija opredeljalas' iz rascheta polnogo udalenija materiala iz poverhnostnogo sloja. Posle pervonachal'nogo perioda (6-8 nedel'), kogda vyshhelachivanie proishodit sravnitel'no bystro, nabljudaemaja skorost' vyshhelachivanija sostavljala 0,25 - 0,50 mm v god. (author)

  17. Operating Experience with Indian Point Nuclear Electric Generating Station; Experience d'exploitation de la centrale nucleaire d'Indian point; Opyt ehkspluatatsii Indian-pojntskoj yadernoj ehlektrostantsii; Experiencia adquirida con la explotacion de la central nucleoelectrica de Indian point

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Beattie, W. C.; Freyberg, R. H. [Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., New York, NY (United States)

    1963-10-15

    'yu 275 tys. kvt. Toplivom v reaktore sluzhit smes' polnost'yu obogashchennoj okisi U{sup 235} i okisi Th{sup 232}. Stantsiya raspolozhena na reke Gudzon, primerno v 24 milyakh severnee N'yu-Jorka. V svyazi s takoj blizost'yu ot N'yu-Jorka v proekte stantsii byli predusmotreny dopolnitel'nye predokhranitel'nye ustrojstva dlya predotvrashcheniya otkloneniya reaktivnosti i radiatsionnykh ehffektov takogo otkloneniya. Stroitel'stvo zakoncheno v mae 1962 goda. Zagruzka topliva osushchestvlena v iyune, a 2 avgusta 1962 goda reaktor vpervye dostig kritichnosti. V techenie avgusta privodilis' ispytaniya ka maloj moshchnosti do 5 mgvt pri temperature okrukhaitsej sredy i povyshennoj temperature. 16 sentyabrya 1962 goda turbogenerator byl vpervye fazirovan s sistemoj Konsolidejtid Ehdison. Ispytanie reaktora na moshchnostyakh do 50% provodilos' do noyabrya i preryvalos' chastymi avtomaticheskimiostanovkami, bol'shaya chast' kotorykh byla vyzvana nepoladkami v neyadernoj chasti stantsii. Nepoladki v sisteme upravleniya privodov reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej byli samymi ser'eznymi pomekhami so storony yadernoj chasti stantsii dlya raboty s avtomaticheskim vvedeniem reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej i prichinoj zaderzhek s puskom reaktora posle avtomaticheskikh ostanovok. 14 noyabrya 1962 goda stantsiya byla ostanovlena dlya planovoj zameny truboprovodov v neyadernoj chasti stantsii i modifikatsij i dopolneniya sistemy provodov reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej. Poslednee vklyuchalo ustanovku sistemy ochistki sukhogo azota dlya kozhukhov privodov reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej, prednaznachennykh dlya svedeniya k minimumu ehffektov vody, prosachivayushchejsya cherez uplotneniya v kozhukhi reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej. Okazalos', chto ehto yavlyaetsya osnovnoj prichinoj nepravil'nykh pokazanij sistemy upravleniya reaktorom. Blok byl vnov' pushchen 1 yanvarya 1963 goda. Ispytanie reaktora na moshchnostyakh do 100% v usloviyakh stabil'noj nagruzki bylo zakoncheno 27 yanvarya 1963 goda. Rezul

  18. The Hanford Emergency Dosimetry System; Le Systeme de Dosimetrie pour les Cas d'Urgence a Hanford; 0421 0418 0421 0422 0414 ; El Sistema Dosimetrico de Hanford para Casos de Urgencia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Larson, H. V.; Keene, A. R. [Radiation Protection Operation, Hanford Laboratories, General Electric Company, Hanford Atomic Products Operation, Richland, WA (United States)

    1965-06-15

    dosimetros contienen laminas de los mismos elementos que el dosimetro de pelicula y constituyen un medio mas para calcular la dosis individual. (author) [Russian] Proekt v Hjenforde predstavljaet soboj bol'shoj atomnyj promyshlennyj kompleks, v kotoryj vhodjat jadernye reaktory, zavody po proizvodstvu teplovydeljajushhih jelementov, ustanovki dlja himicheskogo razdelenija i issledovatel'skie laboratorii. V dopolnenie k programme nabljudenija i kontrolirovanija radiacionnogo obluchenija personala razrabotana sistema avarijnogo dozimetricheskogo kontrolja s cel'ju obespechenija bystroj ocenki bol'shih doz, provedenija otbora sluzhashhih i kontrolja nad nimi, preduprezhdenija personala i sozdanija centrov avarijnogo kontrolja personala, ocenki vneshnih doz obluchenija, ocenki soderzhanija radioaktivnyh materialov v organizme, obnaruzhenija i regulirovanija zagrjaznenija okruzhajushhej sredy i bystrogo sostavlenija dannyh ob obluchenii v kachestve rukovodstva dlja personala skoroj pomoshhi i vrachej. Osnovnoj upor delaetsja na hjenfordskij plenochnyj dozimetr, kotoryj imeet pri sebe vse lica v predelah kontroliruemyh zon. Dozimetr obespechivaet pravil'noe vyjavlenie lichnosti vladel'ca, a ocenka plenki mozhet byt' provedena v techenie 90 minut. Razdel'no, i vmeste s tem odnovremenno, mozhno provesti obrabotku ostal'nyh sostavnyh chastej dozimetra s cel'ju opredelenija spektra nejtronov i velichiny dozy v pjati gruppah jenergii, a takzhe dat' bystruju ocenku nejtronnoj dozy pri odnokratnom stolknovenii, ot neskol'kih do tysjach rad. Gamma-luchi obnaruzhivajutsja v diapazone ot 20 millirentgen do 1500 rentgen (pri obrabotke komponentov plenki) i ot 10 do 10 000 rentgen (pri obrabotke jekranirovannyh tantalom ftoristyh sterzhnej). V avarijnuju sistemu vkljuchajutsja programmy, obespechivajushhie ponimanie sotrudnikami sistemy, podgotovku v oblasti dozimetrii i sotrudnichestvo s rukovodstvom v dele bystrogo vyjavlenija, kontrolirovanija i izolirovanija porazhennyh izlucheniem

  19. The Application of Various Nondestructive Testing Methods to Fuel Elements of the Orgel Type; Application des Differentes Methodes d'Essais Non Destructifs aux Elements Combustibles du Type Orgel; Primenenie razlichnykh nedestruktivnykh metodov ispytanij k toplivnym ehlementam tipa ''orgel''; Aplicacion de Distintos Metodos de Ensayo No Destructivo a los Elementos Combustibles de Tipo Orgel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonnet, P.; Jansen, J. [EURATOM, C.C.R., Ispra (Italy)

    1965-09-15

    podgotovka. Govoritsja o mehanicheskom stende laboratornogo tipa dlja izuchenija ispytatel'nyh kriteriev i o polupromyshlennom stende prohozhdenija trub dlja postojannogo izuchenija s registraciej defektov. Govoritsja o trudnostjah i o sredstvah dlja ih preodolenija. v. Ispytanija radiografiej. Jetot metod opisan v special'nom doklade, zdes' govoritsja lish' o rezul'tatah, poluchennyh na silovyh trubkah ili na obolochkah. g. Drugie ispytanija. Okonchatel'nye ispytanija toplivnyh jelementov mogut byt' predstavleny v dvuh gruppah: 1) ispytanija na germetichnost' po razrabotannomu Sogevym metodu ispytanija s geliem; ustrojstvo pozvoljaet izuchat' odnovremenno 4 ili '' jelementov li'o razdel'no Inverted-Question-Mark ili 3 toplivnyh jelementa; 2) obychnye opyty s radiografiej; otdel'no vnimanie udeljaetsja izucheniju svarki i dajutsja predely jeksperimental'nyh uslovij dlja poluchenija horoshego opredelenija. V zakljuchenie predlagaetsja proekt polupromyshlennoj kontrol'noj shemy s razlichnymi vozmozhnostjami verojatnyh obrabotok i sdelany opredelennye vyvody. (author)