Population structure and ecology of a tropical rare rhizomatous species of teosinte Zea diploperennis (Gramineae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lázaro R. Sánchez-Velásquez

2001-03-01

Full Text Available One of the objectives of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve (Jalisco, México is the conservation in situ of the teosinte Zea diploperennis Iltis, Doebley, Guzman & Pazzi. Zea diploperennis is perennial, shade intolerant and its 1-3 m shoots are architecturally similar to maize. Clonal growth is of the phalanx type. Genets are iteroparous (modules semelparous. The demography of seven module and genet populations was studied in seven sites representing three stages of old-field succession. Seven permanent one-meter-square plots were randomly established in each site. All genets initially present and those that became established during our study were mapped and labeled according to year of establishment The magnitude of demographic fluctuations was greater in module populations. Genet population dynamics followed a seasonal rhythm with a maximum population size obtained at the onset of the rainy season. A relation was documented between percent annual mortality of a cohort and its age: the younger the cohort, the greater the mortality. This was a statistically significant relationship, Y=[sin(-0.288x + 1.657] ² (r = 0.92, p Se estudió la demografía de Zea diploperennis en siete sitios de cultivo abandonados. La magnitud de las fluctuaciones demográficas fue más grande en las poblaciones de módulos. La dinámica de las poblaciones de genets siguió un ritmo estacional con un tamaño máximo de la población al inicio de la temporada de lluvias; las cohortes más jóvenes presentan la más alta mortalidad, i. e., Y=[ sin(-0.288x + 1.657] ² , (r = 0.92, p < 0.01, donde es la proporción de la mortalidad anual y es la edad de la cohorte. La máxima tasa de mortalidad de genets ocurrió durante la temporada de lluvias cuando la densidad de la población fue más alta, cuando la competencia parece mayor. Hubo relaciones lineales entre la tasa de incremento de genets y el estado sucesional y el tipo de suelo. Aquellas áreas con suelos

Differential protein expression in maize (Zea mays) in response to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jane

2011-07-27

Jul 27, 2011 ... Accepted 25 May, 2011. Maize (Zea mays) is a major food stable in sub-Saharan Africa. .... has investigated differential expression at the proteome level, comparing this ..... GK, Jwa NS (2001). Characterization of rice (Oryza.

Efficacy of traditional maize (Zea mays L.) seed storage methods in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Efficacy of traditional maize (Zea mays L.) seed storage methods in western Kenya. ... PROMOTING ACCESS TO AFRICAN RESEARCH. AFRICAN JOURNALS ONLINE (AJOL) ... African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development.

Mycoflora of grain maize ( Zea mays L.) Stored in traditional storage ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mycoflora of grain maize ( Zea mays L.) Stored in traditional storage containers ( Gombisa and sacks) in selected woredas ... PROMOTING ACCESS TO AFRICAN RESEARCH ... African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development.

INVENTARISASI GULMA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI LAHAN SAWAH KELURAHAN PADANG GALAK, DENPASAR TIMUR, KODYA DENPASAR, PROVINSI BALI

OpenAIRE

SURYANINGSIH -; MARTIN JONI; A.A KETUT DARMADI

2013-01-01

This study aims to determine the weed species that exist on Zea mays L. plant in paddyfields Padang Galak village, East Denpasar, Bali Province. This study is useful to provideinformation about the species of weeds found in maize (Zea mays L.) in the fields of biology andagriculture, so weed control on Zea mays L. Plant can be implemented.Research was conducted from January 7 until March 11, 2011. In this study used themethod of cruising (exsploration sampling). To be more efficient and syste...

Microscopia electrônica de microrganismos do tipo micoplasma nos tecidos de milho afetado pelo enfezamento e nos órgãos da cigarrinha vectora portadora Electron microscopy of mycoplasma-like organisms in corn stunt - Infected plant tissues and in the organs of the leafhopper vector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. W. Kitajima

1972-01-01

Full Text Available Exames electrono-microscópicos de tecido foliar ou radicular de milho (Zea maysL. afetado pelo enfezamento do milho, tanto a forma vermelha como a pálida, e de órgãos da cigarrinha vectora, Dalbulus maidisDe L. & W., portadora, demonstraram a ocorrência de corpúsculos pleomórficos, do tipo micoplasma, consistentemente associados a essa anomalia. Não se notou diferença na morfologia entre os microrganismos do tipo micoplasma associados às duas formas do enfezamento da planta nem tampouco entre estes e os presentes no inseto vector. Verificou-se também que na planta esses corpúsculos do tipo micoplasma ocorriam somente nos vasos crivados, e que no inseto eles se achavam presentes em diversos tipos de tecidos de diferentes órgãos - tubo digestivo, músculo, túbulos de Malphigi, epiderme, gânglio nervoso, glândula salivar, tecido adiposo. Nas células do inseto, os corpúsculos ocorriam dispersos no citoplasma ou em cavidades limitadas por membrana.Corn stunt in São Paulo State is usually of minor importance during normal summer crops but might induce significant losses if corn is planted late in the season. It is transmitted by leaf - hopper Dalbulus maidisDe L. & W. and two different forms of this disease have been recognized the chlorotic, similar to the Rio Grande type of the U.S., and the red, resembling the Mesa Central type of Mexico. Electron microscopic examination of tissues from both affected plants or leafhopper reared on diseased plants, demonstrated the presence of pleomorphic, mycoplasma-like bodies, consistently associated with the corn stunt, which probably represent the causal agent the latter. No significant difference could be observed in the morphology of these mycoplasma-like bodies associated with the two disease types or with the insect vector. In the affected plants, these corpuscles were only found in the sieve tubes; in the insect body they were detected in several types of tissues of different organs

Results of Zea mays seeds β- irradiation in 0 - 5 Gy range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chicea, Dan; Racuciu, Mihaela

2008-01-01

In this study young plants, obtained from the control and beta irradiated seeds, were studied in laboratory experiments. Zea mays seeds with uniform genophond were irradiated with 90 Sr source in the 0 - 5 Gy range. Increased germination percentage was observed under the influence of different radiation doses. We found that small doses of β- radiation have a stimulating effect on the growth of the plantlets, the maximum simulation (among the doses we used) being induced by 0.615 Gy and is statistically significant. We investigated the chlorophyll a to b ratio and the average length variations with the irradiation dose and present the results. Key words: b- radiation, Zea mays, germination rate, plants growth, photoassimilatory pigments,

Persaingan Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays) dan Rumput Teki (Cyperus Rotundus) pada Pengaruh Cekaman Garam (NaCl)

OpenAIRE

Pranasari, Rizka Amalia; Nurhidayati, Tutik; Purwani, Kristanti Indah

2012-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan Zea mays yang bersaing dengan Cyperus rotundus pada pengaruh cekaman garam (NaCl).Metode yang digunakan replacement series menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Dengan perlakuan cekaman garam (NaCl) 0ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm, dan 1500ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kultur tunggal terjadi persaingan intraspesies antara Zea mays maupun Cyperus rotundus sedangkan pada kultur campuran terjadi persaingan interspesies ant...

Simulated drought influences oxidative stress in Zea mays seedlings ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Drought is an abiotic factor that limits the productivity of crop plants survival and productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of simulated drought on the malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes activity in Zea mays. Seedlings were grown for 8 weeks in nursery bags filled with sandy-loam soil in ...

Heritability and correlates of maize yield ( Zea mays L .) under ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Heritability and correlates of maize yield ( Zea mays L .) under varying drought conditions. ... Nigeria Agricultural Journal ... Correlation analysis revealed that days to 50% tasseling and silking under non-stress, ASI and leaf senescence under severe stress exhibited negative and significant correlations with grain yield.

Estimation, variation and importance of leaf curvature in Zea mays hybrids

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ford, E.D.; Cocke, A.; Horton, L.; Fellner, Martin; Van Volkenburgh, E.

2008-01-01

Roč. 148, č. 10 (2008), s. 1598-1610 ISSN 0168-1923 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Keywords : Zea mays * Leaf angle * Leaf auricle Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 3.668, year: 2008

Una filosofía para América Latina: Leopoldo Zea

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Giuseppe Cacciatore

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los mas significativos recorrido filosoficos e hsitorico-culturales a traves de los que se ha manisfestado la reflexion sobre la identidad latinoamericana es indudablemente el trazado por el pensador mexicano Leopoldo Zea, alumno predilecto de jose gaos. En el, como en tanto otros intelectuales de los paises latinos del conteniente americano el problema de la individuacion de las trazas de una autonoma dimension filosofica (y de su ambivalente relacion con la tradicion indigena pre-colonial y con los modelos de la cultura europea se liga constante y significativamente al evento traumatico y dramatico de la conquista y del genocidio. Zea no se cierra en esta dicatomia civilizacion precolombina/civilizacion europea, ni olvida la que quizas es la verdadera especificidad del continente americano centromeridional, la multiculturalidad y la multietnia, el denominado mestizaje.

Occurrence and metabolism of 7-hydroxy-2-indolinone-3-acetic acid in Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Lewer, P.; Bandurski, R. S.

1987-01-01

7-Hydroxy-2-indolinone-3-acetic acid was identified as a catabolite of indole-3-acetic acid in germinating kernels of Zea mays and found to be present in amounts of ca 3.1 nmol/kernel. 7-Hydroxy-2-indolinone-3-acetic acid was shown to be a biosynthetic intermediate between 2-indolinone-3-acetic acid and 7-hydroxy-2-indolinone-3-acetic acid-7'-O-glucoside in both kernels and roots of Zea mays. Further metabolism of 7-hydroxy-2-[5-3H]-indolinone-3-acetic acid-7'-O-glucoside occurred to yield tritiated water plus, as yet, uncharacterized products.

PENYELENGGARAAN MAKANAN DAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DI KANTIN ZEA MAYS INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

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Arnati Wulansari

2013-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThis research aimed was to know food service and level of customer satisfaction in the Zea Mays cafetaria at Bogor Agricultural University. Case study and descriptive analysis were applied in this study. Sampling method of purposive sampling was carried out and number of subjects used was 95 people. The food service in the Zea Mays cafetaria consists of planning, purchasing, receiving, storing, processing, and distributing. The result of analysis based on Importance Performance Analysis showed that the most important attribute was the security and hygiene product and the highest performance levels was the cleanliness of dining room. More than fifty percent subjects was concerned against nutrient content of the menu (50.5%. Based on the Customer Satisfaction Index the satisfaction value was 69.3 (satisfied. There was a correlation between job and education level with quality of the product and between income with nutrient content (p<0.05.Keywords: customer, food service, satisfactionABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelenggaraan makanan dan tingkat kepuasan konsumen di Kantin Zea Mays Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analisis deskriptif dan studi kasus. Metode penarikan subjek dilakukan secara purposive dan sebanyak 95 subjek digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penyelenggaraan makanan di Kantin Zea Mays terdiri dari perencanaan, pembelian, penerimaan, penyimpanan, pengolahan, dan penyajian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA diketahui bahwa atribut yang dirasakan paling penting adalah keamanan dan kebersihan produk sedangkan atribut tingkat kinerja yang paling tinggi skornya adalah kebersihan tempat makan. Lebih dari separuh subjek masih memerhatikan kandungan gizi menu (50.5%. Berdasarkan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI diperoleh nilai kepuasan sebesar 69.3 (puas. Terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan dan tingkat pendidikan dengan penilaian atribut mutu produk

Effect of Emamectin Benzoate on Mortality, Proboscis Extension, Gustation and Reproduction of the Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea

OpenAIRE

López, Juan D.; Latheef, M. A.; Hoffmann, W. C.

2010-01-01

Newly emerged corn earworm adults, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) require a carbohydrate source from plant or other exudates and nectars for dispersal and reproduction. Adults actively seek and forage at feeding sites upon eclosion in the habitat of the larval host plant or during dispersal to, or colonization of, a suitable reproductive habitat. This nocturnal behavior of H. zea has potential for exploitation as a pest management strategy for suppression using an adult fee...

Inducing gravitropic curvature of primary roots of Zea mays cv Ageotropic

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; Evans, M. L.; Fondren, W. M.

1990-01-01

Primary roots of the mutant 'Ageotropic' cultivar of Zea mays are nonresponsive to gravity. Their root caps secrete little or no mucilage and touch the root only at the extreme apex. A gap separates the cap and root at the periphery of the cap. Applying mucilage from normal roots or substances with a consistency similar to that of mucilage to tips of mutant roots causes these roots to become strongly graviresponsive. Gravicurvature stops when these substances are removed. Caps of some mutants secrete small amounts of mucilage and are graviresponsive. These results indicate that (a) the lack of graviresponsiveness in the mutant results from disrupting the transport pathway between the cap and root, (b) movement of the growth-modifying signal from the cap to the root occurs via an apoplastic pathway, and (c) mucilage is necessary for normal communication between the root cap and root in Zea mays cv Ageotropic.

Genetic diversity based on SSR markers in maize (Zea mays L.)

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics; Volume 87; Issue 3. Genetic diversity based on SSR markers in maize (Zea mays L.) landraces from Wuling mountain region in China. Yao Qi-Lun Fang Ping Kang Ke-Cheng Pan Guang-Tang. Research Note Volume 87 Issue 3 December 2008 pp 287-291 ...

Gene evolutionary trajectories and GC patterns driven by recombination in Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Recombination occurring during meiosis is critical for creating genetic variation and plays an essential role in plant evolution. In addition to creating novel gene combinations, recombination can affect genome structure through altering GC patterns. In maize (Zea mays) and other grasses, another in...

Influence of microgravity on cellular differentiation in root caps of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; Fondren, W. M.; McClelen, C. E.; Wang, C. L.

1987-01-01

We launched imbibed seeds of Zea mays into outer space aboard the space shuttle Columbia to determine the influence of microgravity on cellular differentiation in root caps. The influence of microgravity varied with different stages of cellular differentiation. Overall, microgravity tended to 1) increase relative volumes of hyaloplasm and lipid bodies, 2) decrease the relative volumes of plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, and the vacuome, and 3) exert no influence on the relative volume of nuclei in cells comprising the root cap. The reduced allocation of dictyosomal volume in peripheral cells of flight-grown seedlings correlated positively with their secretion of significantly less mucilage than peripheral cells of Earth-grown seedlings. These results indicate that 1) microgravity alters the patterns of cellular differentiation and structures of all cell types comprising the root cap, and 2) the influence of microgravity on cellular differentiation in root caps of Zea mays is organelle specific.

Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Compounds from  Zea mays L.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Tae Hyeon; Kim, Jin Kyu; Kang, Young-Hee; Lee, Jae-Yong; Kang, Il Jun; Lim, Soon Sung

2013-01-01

Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors have a considerable therapeutic potential against diabetes complications and do not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Through bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOH extract of the kernel from purple corn (Zea mays L.), 7 nonanthocyanin phenolic compounds (compound 1–7) and 5 anthocyanins (compound 8–12) were isolated. These compounds were investigated by rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitory assays. Kinetic analyses of recombinant human aldose reductase (rhAR) were performed, and intracellular galactitol levels were measured. Hirsutrin, one of 12 isolated compounds, showed the most potent RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50, 4.78 μM). In the kinetic analyses using Lineweaver-Burk plots of 1/velocity and 1/substrate concentration, hirsutrin showed competitive inhibition against rhAR. Furthermore, hirsutrin inhibited galactitol formation in rat lens and erythrocytes sample incubated with a high concentration of galactose; this finding indicates that hirsutrin may effectively prevent osmotic stress in hyperglycemia. Therefore, hirsutrin derived from Zea mays L. may be a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes complications. PMID:23586057

Hormetic effect(s) of tetracyclines as environmental contaminant on Zea mays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Migliore, Luciana; Godeas, Feliciana; De Filippis, Stefania Paola; Mantovi, Paolo; Barchi, Davide; Testa, Cecilia; Rubattu, Nicolino; Brambilla, Gianfranco

2010-01-01

Animal wastes from intensive pig farming as fertilizers may expose crops to antimicrobials. Zea mays cultivations were carried out on a virgin field, subjected to dressing with pig slurries contaminated at 15 mg L -1 of Oxy- and 5 mg L -1 of Chlor-tetracycline, and at 8 mg L -1 of Oxy and 3 mg L -1 of Chlor, respectively. Pot cultivation was performed outdoor (Oxy in the range 62.5-1000 ng g -1 dry soil) and plants harvested after 45 days. Tetracyclines analyses on soils and on field plants (roots, stalks, and leaves) did not determine the appreciable presence of tetracyclines. Residues were found in the 45-day pot corn only, in the range of 1-50 ng g -1 for Oxy in roots, accounting for a 5% carry-over rate, on average. Although no detectable residues in plants from on land cultivations, both experimental batches showed the same biphasic growth form corresponding to a dose/response hormetic curve. - Oxytetracycline in soils elicits a hormetic response in Zea mays plants.

Hormetic effect(s) of tetracyclines as environmental contaminant on Zea mays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Migliore, Luciana; Godeas, Feliciana [Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy); De Filippis, Stefania Paola [Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Rome (Italy); Mantovi, Paolo [Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali, Reggio Emilia (Italy); Barchi, Davide [Assessorato all' Agricoltura, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna (Italy); Testa, Cecilia; Rubattu, Nicolino [Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari (Italy); Brambilla, Gianfranco [Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Rome (Italy)

2010-01-15

Animal wastes from intensive pig farming as fertilizers may expose crops to antimicrobials. Zea mays cultivations were carried out on a virgin field, subjected to dressing with pig slurries contaminated at 15 mg L{sup -1} of Oxy- and 5 mg L{sup -1} of Chlor-tetracycline, and at 8 mg L{sup -1} of Oxy and 3 mg L{sup -1} of Chlor, respectively. Pot cultivation was performed outdoor (Oxy in the range 62.5-1000 ng g{sup -1} dry soil) and plants harvested after 45 days. Tetracyclines analyses on soils and on field plants (roots, stalks, and leaves) did not determine the appreciable presence of tetracyclines. Residues were found in the 45-day pot corn only, in the range of 1-50 ng g{sup -1} for Oxy in roots, accounting for a 5% carry-over rate, on average. Although no detectable residues in plants from on land cultivations, both experimental batches showed the same biphasic growth form corresponding to a dose/response hormetic curve. - Oxytetracycline in soils elicits a hormetic response in Zea mays plants.

Phytoremediation potential of maize (Zea mays L.) in co-contaminated soils with pentachlorophenol and cadmium.

Science.gov (United States)

Hechmi, Nejla; Ben Aissa, Nadhira; Abdennaceur, Hassen; Jedidi, Naceur

2013-01-01

The ubiquitous coexistence of heavy metals and organic contaminants was increased in the polluted soil and phytoremediation as a remedial technology and management option is recommended to solve the problems of co-contamination. Growth of Zea mays L and pollutant removal ability may be influenced by interactions among mixed pollutants. Pot-culture experiments were conduced to investigate the single and interactive effect of cadmium (Cd) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) on growth of Zea mays L, PCP, and Cd removal from soil. Growth response of Zea mays L is considerably influenced by interaction of Cd and PCP, significantly declining with either Cd or PCP additions. The dissipation of PCP in soils was notably affected by interactions of Cd, PCP, and plant presence or absence. At the Pentachlorophenol in both planted and non-planted soil was greatly decreased at the end of the 10-week culture, accounting for 16-20% of initial extractable concentrations in non-planted soil and 9-14% in planted soil. With the increment of Cd level, residual pentachlorophenol in the planted soil tended to increase. The pentachlorophenol residual in the presence of high concentration of Cd was even higher in the planted soil than that in the non-planted soil.

Heat- and radiation-induced radio- and thermo-tolerance of Zea mays seedlings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gikoshvili, T.I.; Vagabova, M.Eh.; Vilenchik, M.M.; Kuzin, A.M.

1985-01-01

It was shown that γ-irradiation of Zea mays seedlings with low doses (1-3 Gy) induced thermotolerance, and preheating up to 43 deg C increased their radioresistance and thermotolerance. A hypothesis of the formation of common protective proteins after exposure to low - level radiation and heat is discussed

Alleviation of salt stress by Halomonas sp. and osmolytes in Zea mays

African Journals Online (AJOL)

To ascertain this, strains were checked for osmolyte accumulation under salt stress. Growth and osmolyte accumulation of inoculated and non-inoculated seeds of the economically significant plant, Zea mays Var. EV.90, was recorded. Seeds were sown in soil supplemented with and without exogenous proline and glycine ...

Elevated carbon dioxide reduces emission of herbivore induced volatiles in Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Terpene volatiles produced by sweet corn (Zea mays) upon infestation with pests such as beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) function as part of an indirect defense mechanism by attracting parasitoid wasps; yet little is known about the impact of atmospheric changes on this form of plant defense. To in...

Effects of soil flooding on photosynthesis and growth of Zea mays L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Soil flooding is one of the major abiotic stresses that repress maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield, and other environmental factors often influence soil flooding stress. This paper reports an experimental test of the hypothesis that light intensity can influence the responses of maize seedlings to soil flooding.

Carbon exchange of a maize (Zea mays L.) crop: Influence of phenology

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jans, W.W.P.; Jacobs, C.M.J.; Kruijt, B.; Elbers, J.A.; Barendse, S.C.A.; Moors, E.J.

2010-01-01

A study was carried out to quantify the carbon budget of a maize (Zea mays L.) crop followed by a rye cover crop in the Netherlands, and to determine the importance of the phenological phases and the fallow phase when modelling the carbon budget. Measurements were made of carbon fluxes, soil

Caractérisation de la mycoflore de grains de maïs ( Zea mays ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

English Title: Characterization of the fungal flora of maize grains (Zea mays) ... Corn kernels disinfected with alcohol were seeded in sterile Petri dishes with ... Fusarium oxysporum (22.05%) and Aspergillus niger (17.78%) are the most ...

Conservation and diversity of seed associated endophytes in Zea across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnston-Monje, David; Raizada, Manish N

2011-01-01

Endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes living inside plants. We asked whether endophytic species were conserved in the agriculturally important plant genus Zea as it became domesticated from its wild ancestors (teosinte) to modern maize (corn) and moved from Mexico to Canada. Kernels from populations of four different teosintes and 10 different maize varieties were screened for endophytic bacteria by culturing, cloning and DNA fingerprinting using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) of 16S rDNA. Principle component analysis of TRFLP data showed that seed endophyte community composition varied in relation to plant host phylogeny. However, there was a core microbiota of endophytes that was conserved in Zea seeds across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology. The majority of seed endophytes in the wild ancestor persist today in domesticated maize, though ancient selection against the hard fruitcase surrounding seeds may have altered the abundance of endophytes. Four TRFLP signals including two predicted to represent Clostridium and Paenibacillus species were conserved across all Zea genotypes, while culturing showed that Enterobacter, Methylobacteria, Pantoea and Pseudomonas species were widespread, with γ-proteobacteria being the prevalent class. Twenty-six different genera were cultured, and these were evaluated for their ability to stimulate plant growth, grow on nitrogen-free media, solubilize phosphate, sequester iron, secrete RNAse, antagonize pathogens, catabolize the precursor of ethylene, produce auxin and acetoin/butanediol. Of these traits, phosphate solubilization and production of acetoin/butanediol were the most commonly observed. An isolate from the giant Mexican landrace Mixteco, with 100% identity to Burkholderia phytofirmans, significantly promoted shoot potato biomass. GFP tagging and maize stem injection confirmed that several seed endophytes could spread systemically through the plant. One seed isolate

Conservation and Diversity of Seed Associated Endophytes in Zea across Boundaries of Evolution, Ethnography and Ecology

Science.gov (United States)

Johnston-Monje, David; Raizada, Manish N.

2011-01-01

Endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes living inside plants. We asked whether endophytic species were conserved in the agriculturally important plant genus Zea as it became domesticated from its wild ancestors (teosinte) to modern maize (corn) and moved from Mexico to Canada. Kernels from populations of four different teosintes and 10 different maize varieties were screened for endophytic bacteria by culturing, cloning and DNA fingerprinting using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) of 16S rDNA. Principle component analysis of TRFLP data showed that seed endophyte community composition varied in relation to plant host phylogeny. However, there was a core microbiota of endophytes that was conserved in Zea seeds across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology. The majority of seed endophytes in the wild ancestor persist today in domesticated maize, though ancient selection against the hard fruitcase surrounding seeds may have altered the abundance of endophytes. Four TRFLP signals including two predicted to represent Clostridium and Paenibacillus species were conserved across all Zea genotypes, while culturing showed that Enterobacter, Methylobacteria, Pantoea and Pseudomonas species were widespread, with γ-proteobacteria being the prevalent class. Twenty-six different genera were cultured, and these were evaluated for their ability to stimulate plant growth, grow on nitrogen-free media, solubilize phosphate, sequester iron, secrete RNAse, antagonize pathogens, catabolize the precursor of ethylene, produce auxin and acetoin/butanediol. Of these traits, phosphate solubilization and production of acetoin/butanediol were the most commonly observed. An isolate from the giant Mexican landrace Mixteco, with 100% identity to Burkholderia phytofirmans, significantly promoted shoot potato biomass. GFP tagging and maize stem injection confirmed that several seed endophytes could spread systemically through the plant. One seed isolate

Conservation and diversity of seed associated endophytes in Zea across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Johnston-Monje

Full Text Available Endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes living inside plants. We asked whether endophytic species were conserved in the agriculturally important plant genus Zea as it became domesticated from its wild ancestors (teosinte to modern maize (corn and moved from Mexico to Canada. Kernels from populations of four different teosintes and 10 different maize varieties were screened for endophytic bacteria by culturing, cloning and DNA fingerprinting using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP of 16S rDNA. Principle component analysis of TRFLP data showed that seed endophyte community composition varied in relation to plant host phylogeny. However, there was a core microbiota of endophytes that was conserved in Zea seeds across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology. The majority of seed endophytes in the wild ancestor persist today in domesticated maize, though ancient selection against the hard fruitcase surrounding seeds may have altered the abundance of endophytes. Four TRFLP signals including two predicted to represent Clostridium and Paenibacillus species were conserved across all Zea genotypes, while culturing showed that Enterobacter, Methylobacteria, Pantoea and Pseudomonas species were widespread, with γ-proteobacteria being the prevalent class. Twenty-six different genera were cultured, and these were evaluated for their ability to stimulate plant growth, grow on nitrogen-free media, solubilize phosphate, sequester iron, secrete RNAse, antagonize pathogens, catabolize the precursor of ethylene, produce auxin and acetoin/butanediol. Of these traits, phosphate solubilization and production of acetoin/butanediol were the most commonly observed. An isolate from the giant Mexican landrace Mixteco, with 100% identity to Burkholderia phytofirmans, significantly promoted shoot potato biomass. GFP tagging and maize stem injection confirmed that several seed endophytes could spread systemically through the plant. One seed

Coal and Zea mays cob waste as adsorbents for removal of metallic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The efficiency of coal (CO) and Zea mays (ZM) cob adsorbents for the removal of metallic ions from wastewater is reported. The adsorbents were used in both their granular (GCO and GZM) and powdered (PCO and PZM) forms respectively. Chromium, nickel, iron and cadmium were used as model ions. Efficiency of the ...

Radio-induced inherited sterility in Heliothis zea (Boddie)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carpenter, J.E.

1985-01-01

Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) males and females were irradiated with substerilizing doses of radiation. These moths were inbred and outcrossed and observed for their ability to reproduce. The inherited deleterious effects resulting from the irradiated P 1 males were recorded for several generations. Larvae from both irradiated (10 krad) and normal parents were compared for their ability to survive under field conditions on whole-stage sweet corn and these results were compared with those from a laboratory study using meridic diet. Irradiated males and females and F 1 males from an irradiated (10 krad) male x normal female cross were released in the field and in field cages and observed for their ability to search/attract and secure a mate. Females that had mated with normal and irradiated (10 krad) males were studied to determine the effect of different mating histories on the subsequent mating propensity of the females. A 10-krad dose of radiation induced deleterious effects which were inherited through the F 2 generation. These radiation-induced deleterious effects were similar to those reported in other species of Lepidoptera. The relationship between the survival of normal larvae and larvae from irradiated parents was similar under laboratory and field rearing conditions. Females mated to normal males and males irradiated with 10 krad had the same mating propensity and experienced the same intermating interval. These effects of substerilizing doses of radiation and inherited sterility on the reproductive ability and behavior of H. zea suggest that a great potential exists for population suppression

Antimalarial and antiplasmodial activity of husk extract and fractions of Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Okokon, Jude E; Antia, Bassey S; Mohanakrishnan, Dinesh; Sahal, Dinkar

2017-12-01

Zea mays L. (Poacae) husk decoctions are traditionally used in the treatment of malaria by various tribes in Nigeria. To assess the antimalarial and antiplasmodial potentials of the husk extract and fractions on malaria parasites using in vivo and in vitro models. The ethanol husk extract and fractions (187-748 mg/kg, p.o.) of Zea mays were investigated for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei using rodent (mice) malaria models and in vitro activity against chloroquine sensitive (Pf 3D7) and resistant (Pf INDO) strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the SRBR green assay method. Median lethal dose and cytotoxic activities against HeLa and HEKS cells were also carried out. The GCMS analysis of the most active fraction was carried out. The husk extract (187-748 mg/kg, p.o.) with LD 50 of 1874.83 mg/kg was found to exert significant (p antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection in suppressive, prophylactive and curative tests. The crude extract and fractions also exerted prominent activity against both chloroquine sensitive (Pf 3D7) and resistant (Pf INDO) strains of P. falciparum with the ethyl acetate fraction exerting the highest activity with IC 50 values of 9.31 ± 0.46 μg/mL (Pf 3D7) and 3.69 ± 0.66 μg/mL (Pf INDO). The crude extract and fractions were not cytotoxic to the two cell lines tested with IC 50 values of >100 μg/mL against both HeLa and HEKS cell lines. These results suggest that the husk extract/fractions of Zea mays possesses antimalarial and antiplasmodial activities and these justify its use in ethnomedicine to treat malaria infections.

Water deficit stress effects on corn (Zea mays, L.) root: shoot ratio

Science.gov (United States)

A study was conducted at Akron, CO, USA, on a Weld silt loam in 2004 to quantify the effects of water deficit stress on corn (Zea mays, L.) root and shoot biomass. Corn plants were grown under a range of soil bulk density and water conditions caused by previous tillage, crop rotation, and irrigation...

Actuaciones para el control y erradicación del teosinte (Zea mays spp.) en Aragón

OpenAIRE

Pardo Sanclemente, Gabriel; Fuertes, S.; Betrán, E.; Cirujeda Ranzenberger, Alicia

2015-01-01

En el verano de 2014 se tuvo constancia de la presencia de teosinte (Zea mays spp.) como mala hierba en campos de maíz de Aragón y en menos medida en Cataluña. Se conoce por teosinte a un grupo de especies y subespecies del género Zea, la mayoría de ellas de la misma especie que el maíz y originarias de Méjico. El maíz actual procede de antiguos teosintes mejorados, tras miles de años de selección. Debido al potencial infestante y competidor de esta especie, la Dirección General de Alimentaci...

Extração de corantes de milho (Zea mays L. Extraction of corn colorants (Zea mays L.

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Felix Martin Cabajal Gamarra

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Os corantes naturais foram amplamente utilizados de forma artesanal até antes do surgimento dos corantes sintéticos. O estudo e uso dos corantes naturais voltaram a ter importância nestes últimos anos devido aos questionamentos dos organismos internacionais da saúde e dos consumidores pelo uso indiscriminado dos corantes sintéticos, ligados ao desenvolvimento de doenças degenerativas e ao impacto ambiental. O corante extraído do milho roxo (Zea mays L. tem sido utilizado ao longo da história pela civilização Inca na preparação de alimentos e no tingimento de fibras têxteis. Neste trabalho, os pigmentos do grupo das antocianinas foram extraídos das variedades de milho roxo e do milho vermelho (Z. mays L. e depois foram caracterizados. Três métodos de extração foram utilizados: imersão, lixiviação com algumas modificações e extração supercrítica (ESC. O melhor método para extração foi o da lixiviação que alcançou 88% (m/m de rendimento, em função da massa do corante extraído e da matéria-prima. Também utilizando a lixiviação modificada, foi possível concentrar em 3% os compostos acilados, assim como recuperar 85% dos solventes utilizados. Um indicador de pH foi obtido pela fixação das antocianinas num papel de filtro, com base na estabilidade das antocianinas, ferramenta que pode ser utilizada em laboratórios de ensino de química.Natural colorants were craftly made and widely used before the discovery of the synthetic colorants. The study and the use of natural colorants have become important again in the last few years due to questions raised by the international health organizations and consumers related to the indiscriminate use of synthetic colorants which were linked to the development of degenerative illnesses and environmental impact. The colorant extracted from purple corn (Zea Mays L. was used by the Inca civilization to prepare food and to dye textile fibers. In this work, pigments from the

Characterization of phenylpropanoid pathway genes within European maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Jeppe Reitan; Zein, Imad; Wenzel, Gerhard

2008-01-01

genomic fragments of six putative phenylpropanoid pathway genes in a panel of elite European inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) contrasting in forage quality traits. Six loci, encoding C4H, 4CL1, 4CL2, C3H, F5H, and CAD, displayed different levels of nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD...

Differential distribution of cadmium in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Florijn, P.J.

1993-01-01

Large genotypic variation in shoot Cd concentrations has been reported in literature for several plant species including lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and maize ( Zea mays L.). The objective of this thesis was to elucidate the physiological andlor

Effects of crude oil pollution on the germination of Zea mays and Capsicum frutescens

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amakiri, J.O.; Onofeghara, F.A.

1984-01-01

The effects of crude oil pollution on the germination of Zea mays F7 and F27 and Capsicum frutescens were investigated. Crude oil was found to inhibit the germination of all the seed types used. The rate of germination decreased signficantly with increase in the length of the period of presoaking. The germination percentage of oil-soaked seeds of Zea mays also fell significantly with time. Seeds of Capsicum frutescens are most tolerant of crude oil in their germination response. The seeds were found to retain almost 100% viability after nearly 1 year of presoaking in crude oil. The lag phase preceding the germination of such seeds, however, increased threefold. Germination inhibition is attributed primarily to the physical surface characteristics of soil, which make it function as a physical barrier to water and oxygen. However, crude oil, where it penetrates, may be toxic to the embryos.

Effect of different phosphorus fertilizer rates on N-uptake, N-efficiency and zea maize yield in irrigated soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalifa, Kh.

1993-01-01

Effect of different rates of P fertilizer on N-uptake, N-efficiency and zea mays (C.V.Lg 11) were studied by use of 15 N technique. The main objectives of this study were to study effect of different level of P on N-utilization and determine the interaction between P and N on zea mays yield, and the efficiency of N-fertilizer during different stages of plant growth. The field experiment was conducted for two years 1985 and 1986. The treatments were 0, 80, 160 Kg N, as urea Co( 15 NH 2 ) 2 and 0, 40, 80, 160 Kg P 2 O 5 as triplsuperphophate. The experiment design was randomized block of four replicates for each treatment. Yield (grain and dry matter), utilization of urea, N-uptake, total N, N-yield, Ndff%, NDF% and A-values were determined. All results indicate that zea mays responds to the addition of nitrogen and the yield increases with the increase of added nitrogen. The highest yield was for N 2 (160 Kg) level during two seasons. Also zea mays responds clearly to phosphorus especially at stages 1 and 2, where dry matter yield increases with the increase of phosphorus rate. The highest yield was for P 3 (160 Kg) rate. While in grain stage the response was for rate P 1 (40 Kg) and P 2 (80 Kg) in comparison with control. However P 1 , rate was dominant over P 2 and P 3 . The effect of P 2 rate on grain yield was very little in comparison with P 1 , while P 3 decreases the grain yield during two seasons in comparison with control. There is an effect of N and P when added both or separately. There is also effect for interaction between them on the yield (grain and dry matter). Generally, from the previous data we can conclude that the rate 160 Kg N/ha and 40 Kg P 2 O 5 /ha were optimum rate for zea mays fertilization in Deir-Ezzor (Syria) and similar areas for grain yield. (author). 17 refs., 6 tabs

Identification and characterization of digestive serine proteases from inhibitor-resistant Helicoverpa zea larval midgut

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Volpicella, M.; Cordewener, J.H.G.; Jongsma, M.A.; Gallerani, R.; Ceci, L.R.; Beekwilder, M.J.

2006-01-01

Protease inhibitors mediate a natural form of plant defence against insects, by interfering with the digestive system of the insect. In this paper, affinity chromatography was used to isolate trypsins and chymotrypsins from Helicoverpa zea larvae, which had been raised on inhibitor-containing diet.

Influence of calcium phosphate nanoparticles, Piriformospora indica and Glomus mosseae on growth of Zea mays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rane, Mansi; Bawskar, Manisha; Rathod, Dnyaneshwar; Nagaonkar, Dipali; Rai, Mahendra

2015-01-01

In this study, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (G. mosseae) and endosymbiont (P. indica) colonized Zea mays were treated with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) and evaluated for their plant growth promotion efficiency. It was observed that CaPNPs in combination with both G. mosseae and P. indica are more potent plant growth promoter than independent combinations of CaPNPs + G. mosseae, CaPNPs + P. indica or CaPNPs alone. The fluorimetric studies of treated plants revealed that CaPNPs alone and in combination with P. indica can enhance vitality of Zea mays by improving chlorophyll a content and performance index of treated plants. Hence, we conclude that CaPNPs exhibit synergistic growth promotion, root proliferation and vitality improvement properties along with endosymbiotic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which after further field trials can be developed as a cost-effective nanofertilizer with pronounced efficiency. (paper)

Effects of humic acids (carbovit on phosphorus, bases and micronutrients of a molisol, with corn as an indicator plant (Zea mays L. Efectos de los ácidos húmicos (Carbovit sobre el fosforo, las bases y los micronutrientes de un molisol, utilizando como planta indicadora el maíz (Zea mays L

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guarin Sandra

1993-12-01

Full Text Available In order to establish the influence of humic substances (Carbovit on phosphorus, bases exchanges and microelements of a Molisol, greenhouse essays were peñormed at the College of Agriculture of the National Universityof Colombia located in Santafé de Bogotá, during the second semester of 1992. The experiment was taken into plastic vases using com (Zea mays L. as an indicator plant until sixty days after sowing. Resutts show that the humic acid molecule acts as a transport of solouble fertilizers appliedto the soil. Besides, elements like phosphorus,
iron, magnesium and zinc showed increased levels of those elements in solution in to the soil. It was also found an equilibrium activity among bases relation ship, altributed to the humic acid molecule.
Con el objeto de establecer la influencia de los ácidos húmicos (Carbovit sobre el fósforo, las bases de cambio y los micro elementos de un suelo calcáreo (Molisol, se realizó un ensayo en los invernaderos de la Facultad de Agronomla de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, durante el segundo semestre de 1992. El experimento se llevo a cabo en materas
plasticas utilizando como planta indicadora el maíz (Zea mays L. hasta los 60dlas después de siembra. Los resultados muestran que la molécula del ácido húmico actua como transportadora de los fertilizantes solubles aplicados al suelo. Además, elementos como el fósforo, hierro, magnesio y zinc se solubilizaron apreciablemente elevando los niveles de dichos elementos en la solución del suelo. También, se encontró una actividad equilibrante entre las relaciones de las bases, atribuida a la molecula del ácido húmico.

IDENTIFICATION OF LECTINS OF ZEA MAYS RAW MATERIAL AND THE STUDY OF LECTIN ACTIVITY

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Karpiuk UV

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The aime of the study was to identify lectins in the Zea mays raw material: roots, stems, heads, leaves and corn silk and study their activity. Lectins activity has been studied using the biological method of ratuserytroagglutination. This method is based on formation of aggregates of lectins and rats erythrocytes. The activity unit was the floor amount of lectins that agglutinate erythrocytes. The protein nature of extracts that agglutinate has been determined using Bradford method. The lectins activity of Zea mays roots was 6,21±0,11 unit/mg of protein; of heads – 2,61±0,17 unit/mg of protein; of leaves – 0,62 ±0,05 unit/mg of protein; of corn silk – 1,06±0,08 unit/mg of protein; of stems – 0,97±0,09 unit/mg of protein. The greatest lectins activity was in leaves, stems and corn silk.

Dielectric properties of Zea mays kernels - studies for microwave power processing applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Surducan, Emanoil; Neamtu, Camelia; Surducan, Vasile, E-mail: emanoil.surducan@itim-cj.r [National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 65-103 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)

2009-08-01

Microwaves absorption in biological samples can be predicted by their specific dielectrical properties. In this paper, the dielectric properties ({epsilon}' and {epsilon}'') of corn (Zea mays) kernels in the 500 MHz - 20 GHz frequencies range are presented. A short analysis of the microwaves absorption process is also presented, in correlation with the specific thermal properties of the samples, measured by simultaneous TGA-DSC method.

Effect of N, P and K Humates on Dry Matter of Zea mays and Soil

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sharjeel Ahmad

may only be applicable to similar acid soils. The outcome of this study may contribute to the improvement of urea N use efficiency as well as reducing environmental pollution. Key words: Humic acids, fulvic acids, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, soil exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate, Zea mays, dry matter.

Caractérisation de neuf échantillons de farine de maïs Zea mays (L ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 juil. 2017 ... Adjamé, Aspergillus niger est respectivement présent à 41, 45 et 33 ... Objective : The aim of this work is to characterize the fungal flora of nine samples of maize flour [Zea ..... and mycotoxins production in Nigerian corn and.

Cloning and sequencing of the casein kinase 2 alpha subunit from Zea mays

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dobrowolska, G; Boldyreff, B; Issinger, O G

1991-01-01

The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for the alpha subunit of casein kinase 2 of Zea mays has been determined. The cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 996 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide comprising 332 amino acids. The primary amino acid sequence exhibits 75% identity to the alpha...... subunit and 71% identity to the alpha' subunit of human casein kinase 2....

Entre/Plantas

OpenAIRE

Montoro Coso, Ricardo; Sonntag, Franca Alexandra

2014-01-01

La palabra Inter-és proviene etimológicamente de las palabras latinas inter y esse; y significa “lo que está-entre dos o más personas, o sea lo que las une pero también las separa”. Los prefijos inter- y entre-, en la mayor parte de los casos, describen estados o acciones ambiguas de los términos que preceden. De esta operación aditiva surgen maclas de vocablos; el inter-sticio como la “hendidura o espacio que media entre dos cuerpos o entre dos partes de un mismo cuerpo”; y así sucesivamente...

Caracterização da atividade amilásica do malte de milho (Zea mays L. - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v28i1.1202

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joana Paula Menezes Biazus

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou estudar o processo de germinação e a caracterização da atividade bioquímica das amilases do malte de milho (Zea mays L. para gerar uma fonte de amilase de baixo custo e boa atividade enzimática. A atividade enzimática foi monitorada todos os dias durante a germinação das sementes para se obter a melhor condição de produção do malte. Os resultados mostraram que a atividade enzimática nas sementes foi maior no 4º. dia de germinação. A caracterização bioquímica mostrou que as amilases do malte apresentam faixa ótima de pH entre 4,3 e 6, com temperaturas ótimas a 50°C e 80ºC e os valores de Km e Vmax para hidrólise do amido foram de 7,69.10-2 g/L e 7,69.102g/L.min, respectivamente

Bioaccessibility of pro-vitamin A carotenoids is minimally affected by non pro-vitamin a xanthophylls in maize (Zea mays sp.).

Science.gov (United States)

Thakkar, Sagar K; Failla, Mark L

2008-12-10

The absorption of some carotenoids has been reported to be decreased by coingestion of relatively high concentrations of other carotenoids. It is unclear if such interactions occur among carotenoids during the digestion of plant foods. Current varieties of maize contain limited amounts of the pro-vitamin A (pro-VA) carotenoids beta-carotene (BC) and beta-cryptoxanthin (BCX) and relatively higher levels of their oxygenated metabolites lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA). Here, we examined if LUT and ZEA attenuate the bioaccessibility of pro-VA carotenoids at amounts and ratios present in maize. BC incorporation into bile salt mixed micelles during chemical preparation and during simulated small intestinal digestion of carotenoid-enriched oil was slightly increased when the concentration of LUT was sixfold or more greater than BC. Likewise, the efficiency of BC micellarization was slightly increased during simulated small intestinal digestion of white maize porridge supplemented with oil containing ninefold molar excess of LUT to BC. Mean efficiencies of micellarization of BC, BCX, LUT, and ZEA were 16.7, 27.7, 30.3, and 27.9%, respectively, and independent of the ratio of LUT plus ZEA to pro-VA carotenoids during simulated digestion of maize porridge prepared from flours containing 0.4-11.3 microg/g endogenous pro-VA carotenoids. LUT attenuated uptake of BC by differentiated cultures of Caco-2 human cells from medium-containing micelles in a dose-dependent manner with inhibition reaching 35% when the molar ratio of LUT to BC was 13. Taken together, these results suggest that the bioaccessibility of pro-VA carotenoids in maize is likely to be minimally affected by the relative levels of xanthophylls lacking pro-VA activity present in cultivars of maize.

Chromosomal Location by Use of Trisomics and New Alleles of an Endopeptidase in Zea Mays

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Gunnar Gissel; Scandalios, John G.

1974-01-01

An association was found earlier between the Ep1 gene locus coding for an endopeptidase and the endosperm color gene Y1 on chromosome 6 of Zea mays. By employing primary trisomics we have unequivocally placed the Ep1 gene on chromosome 6, closely linked to the Y1 locus. Additionally we describe new...

The deuterium depleted water effects on germination, growth and respiration processes in Zea Mays culture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stefanescu, Ioan; Fleancu, Monica; Giosanu, Daniela; Iorga-Siman, Ion

2002-01-01

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of deuterium depleted water (DDW) on the germination, growth and respiration processes in Zea Mays culture. The DDW is produced by the Institute of Cryogenics and Isotope Separation, Rm. Valcea (Romania). We used moist seeds in three experimental lots: L-1 (control), using distillated water (because the quality of DDW, excepting the deuterium content, is similar to that of distillated water); L-2, using a mixture of DDW and H 2 O in 1:1 proportion; L-3, germination in light water (DDW). Reported to the control lot, the germinative energy was higher in L-2 and L-3, but it was no significant difference between faculty of germination of variants. The length of main root was higher in L-2 and L-3 as compared to control lot. The intensity process of respiration was stimulated when DDW was used in both cases (L-2 or L-3). So, we can remark a favorable influence of light water on some biological processes in Zea mays plants (authors)

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the diapause hormone receptor in the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea

Science.gov (United States)

The diapause hormone (DH) in the heliothine moth has shown its activity in termination of pupal diapause, while the orthology in the silkworm is known to induce embryonic diapause. In the current study, we cloned the diapause hormone receptor from the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (HzDHr) and tested ...

Production and characterization of amylases from Zea mays malt

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Joana Paula Menezes Biazus

2009-08-01

Full Text Available In this work the α and β-amylase enzymes were obtained from maize (Zea mays malt and were biochemistry characterized. A germination study to obtain the maize malt with good amylase activity was made. The maize seeds were germinated in laboratory and the enzymatic activity was measured daily. Activity dependence to germination time were fitted to an exponential model (A=A0eµt, which showed that the behaviour of enzymatic activity in the germination process was similar to the growth of the microorganism. Its model could be applied to describe the mechanism of α-amylase production for each maize varieties and others cereals. Maize malt characterization showed that α and β-amylase had optimal pH between 4-6.5, optimal temperature 50 and 90ºC, and molecular weight of 67.4 and 47.5kDa, respectively. This work contributed with the advances in biotechnology generating of conditions for application of a new and of low price amylases source.Neste trabalho as enzimas α e β-amilases foram obtidas de malte de milho e depois foram caracterizadas bioquimicamente. Um estudo da germinação foi feito para obtenção do malte com boa atividade amilásica. A germinação ocorreu em escala laboratorial e a atividade enzimática foi medida diariamente. Um modelo exponencial do tipo A=A0eµt foi ajustado a dependência do tempo de germinação com a atividade, mostrando que o comportamento da atividade enzimática no processo de germinação é semelhante ao crescimento de microorganismos. Este modelo pode ser aplicado para descrever o mecanismo de produção da α-amilase para cada variedade de milho e de outros cereais. A caracterização do malte de milho mostrou que as α e β-amilase têm pH ótimo entre 4,0-6,5, temperatura ótima de 50 e 90ºC, e massa molar de 67,4 e 47,5 kDa, respectivamente. Este trabalho contribuiu com os avanços da biotecnologia gerando condições de emprego de uma nova e barata fonte de amilases.

Sorghum seed maturity affects the weight and feeding duration of immature corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in the laboratory.

Science.gov (United States)

Soper, Alysha M; Whitworth, R Jeff; McCornack, Brian P

2013-01-01

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, are occasional pests in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poales: Poaceae), and can be economically damaging when conditions are favorable. Despite the frequent occurrence of mixed-species infestations, the quantitative data necessary for developing yield loss relationships for S. frugiperda are not available. Although these species share similar biological characteristics, it is unknown whether their damage potentials in developing grain sorghum panicles are the same. Using no-choice feeding assays in the laboratory, this study examined larval growth and feeding duration for H. zea and S. frugiperda in the absence of competition. Each species responded positively when exposed to sorghum seed in the soft-dough stage, supporting evidence for the interactions between host-quality and larval growth and development. The results of this study also confirmed the suitability of using laboratory-reared H. zea to develop sorghum yield loss estimates in the field, and provided insights into the biological responses of S. frugiperda feeding on developing sorghum seed.

Sorghum Seed Maturity Affects the Weight and Feeding Duration of Immature Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea, and Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Laboratory

Science.gov (United States)

Soper, Alysha M.; Whitworth, R. Jeff; McCornack, Brian P.

2013-01-01

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, are occasional pests in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poales: Poaceae), and can be economically damaging when conditions are favorable. Despite the frequent occurrence of mixed-species infestations, the quantitative data necessary for developing yield loss relationships for S. frugiperda are not available. Although these species share similar biological characteristics, it is unknown whether their damage potentials in developing grain sorghum panicles are the same. Using no-choice feeding assays in the laboratory, this study examined larval growth and feeding duration for H. zea and S. frugiperda in the absence of competition. Each species responded positively when exposed to sorghum seed in the soft-dough stage, supporting evidence for the interactions between host-quality and larval growth and development. The results of this study also confirmed the suitability of using laboratory-reared H. zea to develop sorghum yield loss estimates in the field, and provided insights into the biological responses of S. frugiperda feeding on developing sorghum seed. PMID:24219328

Autoradiographic study of transcription during early germination of Zea mays embryos maintained in situ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deltour, Roger

1979-01-01

Recovery of RNA synthesis was studied by autoradiography in primary root of Zea mays embryos germinating at 16 0 C. [H 3 ] uridine was provided to embryos maintained in situ. During the first 4hrs of germination the cell radioactivity is located almost exclusively in the extranucleolar chromatin. These observations agree well with previous results obtained when [H 3 ] uridine was provided to isolated embryos [fr

Maize, tropical (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Assem, Shireen K

2015-01-01

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important food crop globally after wheat and rice. In sub-Saharan Africa, tropical maize has traditionally been the main staple of the diet; 95 % of the maize grown is consumed directly as human food and as an important source of income for the resource-poor rural population. The biotechnological approach to engineer biotic and abiotic traits implies the availability of an efficient plant transformation method. The production of genetically transformed plants depends both on the ability to integrate foreign genes into target cells and the efficiency with which plants are regenerated. Maize transformation and regeneration through immature embryo culture is the most efficient system to regenerate normal transgenic plants. However, this system is highly genotype dependent. Genotypes adapted to tropic areas are difficult to regenerate. Therefore, transformation methods used with model genotypes adapted to temperate areas are not necessarily efficient with tropical lines. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the method of choice since it has been first achieved in 1996. In this report, we describe a transformation method used successfully with several tropical maize lines. All the steps of transformation and regeneration are described in details. This protocol can be used with a wide variety of tropical lines. However, some modifications may be needed with recalcitrant lines.

Molecular and biochemical analysis of the plastidic ADP-glucose transporter (ZmBT1) from Zea mays.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kirchberger, S.; Leroch, M.; Huynen, M.A.; Wahl, M.; Neuhaus, H.E.; Tjaden, J.

2007-01-01

Physiological studies on the Brittle1 maize mutant have provided circumstantial evidence that ZmBT1 (Zea mays Brittle1 protein) is involved in the ADP-Glc transport into maize endosperm plastids, but up to now, no direct ADP-Glc transport mediated by ZmBT1 has ever been shown. The heterologous

Molecular and biochemical analysis of the plastidic ADP-glucose transporter (ZmBT1) from Zea mays

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kirchberger, S.; Leroch, M.; Huynen, M.A.; Wahl, M.; Neuhaus, H.E.; Tjaden, J.

2007-01-01

Physiological studies on the Brittle1 maize mutant have provided circumstantial evidence that ZmBT1 (Zea mays Brittle1 protein) is involved in the ADP-Glc transport into maize endosperm plastids, but up to now, no direct ADP-Glc transport mediated by ZmBT1 has ever been shown. The heterologous

Abscisic acid is not necessary for gravitropism in primary roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.

1990-01-01

Primary roots of Zea mays L. cv. Tx 5855 treated with fluridone are strongly graviresponsive, but have undetectable levels of abscisic acid (ABA). Primary roots of the carotenoid-deficient w-3, vp-5, and vp-7 mutants of Z. mays are also graviresponsive despite having undetectable amounts of ABA. Graviresponsive roots of untreated and wild-type seedlings contain 286 to 317 ng ABA g-1 f. wt, respectively. These results indicate that ABA is not necessary for root gravicurvature.

DETERMINAÇÃO DO NÚMERO DE FÊMEAS VIRGENS POR ARMADILHA E PERIODICIDADE DE CAPTURA DE MACHOS DE Helicoverpa zea (BODDIE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MATRANGOLO W.J.R

1996-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se em lavouras de milho em fase de liberação de estilo-estigmas, na EMBRAPA/CNPMS, em Sete Lagoas, MG, a atratividade de diferentes números de fêmeas virgens de Helicoverpa zea (Boddie em armadilha adesiva, além de uma formulação comercial do feromônio sintético, proveniente dos E.E.U.U. A maior atividade de procura por acasalamento teve início nas primeiras horas da noite. Não houve diferença significativa entre médias de insetos capturados com uma, três ou cinco fêmeas. Cinco fêmeas por armadilha tornam o monitoramento pouco prático; uma apenas pode comprometer a captura por disfunção fisiológica ou mesmo morte. Não houve captura nas armadilhas contendo feromônio sintético, que, ao invés, capturou machos de Mythimna, outro Noctuidae. A maior freqüência de captura nas armadilhas ocorreu após a meia noite, diminuindo próximo do alvorecer. O horário de início de chamamento e captura esteve estreitamente relacionado com a temperatura ambiente.

TOXICITY OF METHYL-TERT BYTYL ETHER (MTBE) TO PLANTS (AVENA SATIVA, ZEA MAYS, TRITICUM AESTIVUM, AND LACTUCA SATIVA)

Science.gov (United States)

Effects of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on the germination of seeds and growth of the plant were studied in some laboratory experiments. Test plants were wild oat (Avena sative), sweet corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Seed germination,...

A two-dimensional microscale model of gas exchange during photosynthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Retta, Moges; Ho, Quang Tri; Yin, Xinyou; Verboven, Pieter; Berghuijs, Herman N.C.; Struik, Paul C.; Nicolaï, Bart M.

2016-01-01

CO₂ exchange in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) was examined using a microscale model of combined gas diffusion and C₄ photosynthesis kinetics at the leaf tissue level. Based on a generalized scheme of photosynthesis in NADP-malic enzyme type C₄ plants, the model

The distribution and utilization of nitrogen in developing zea mays L. seedlings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watt, M.P.M. de O.C.

1987-01-01

During the first five days of germination, in the presence of NO - 3 - 15 N and N-SERVE, the nitrogen reserves of Zea mays L. caryopses accounted for 75% of the total nitrogen content of the seedlings. By day 7, exogenous nitrate contributed to all the inorganic nitrogen measured in the plant. Although NO - 3 - 15 N (94,2 atom % 15 N) was supplied throughout the germination process, and increasing pool of unlabelled nitrate was detected in both the grain and the seedling during this period. It appears that during germination in maize there is an oxidative pathway from reduced nitrogen in the reserve proteins to nitrate-nitrogen which is then supplied to the developing embryo. The levels of nitrate in the leaf increased towards the sheath, whereas other forms of nitrogen, nitrate reductase activity and capacity for nitrate accumulation increased in the opposite direction. Studies with mesophyll and bundle sheath protoplasts showed that the mesophyll tissue contributes over 80% of the total leaf content of inorganic nitrogen. Leaf tissue of Zea mays was found to have the capacity to assimilate nitrate in the dark, but at a lower rate than in the light. Oxygen did not restrict the initial rate of nitrate reduction in the dark. The rate of the in vivo nitrate reduction declined during the second hour of dark anaerobiosis, and was only restored upon supply of oxygen. Under dark anaerobic conditions nitrite accumulated and, on transfer to oxygen, the accumulate nitrite was reduced

Francisco Antonio Zea: periodista, botánico y político

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soto Arango, Diana E.

1996-06-01

Full Text Available This work analyzes the journalistic facet of Francisco Antonio Zea, whose first article, «Avisos de Hebephilo», was published in 1791 in the Papel Periódico de la ciudad de Santa Fé de Bogotá. His interest for the press shows at his stage of student in the National Institute of France, but won't be up to 1803, at his return to Madrid, when he proves his talent for the organization and journalistic administration on The Mercury and on the Gazette de Madrid. Later on, being manager of the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, he shares the management of the Semanario de Agricultura y Artes, and, finally, in 1818 establishes and directs the Venezuelan Correo del Orinoco.

Este trabajo analiza la faceta periodística de Francisco Antonio Zea, cuyo primer artículo, «Avisos de Hebephilo», se publicó en 1791 en el Papel Periódico de la ciudad de Santa Fé de Bogota. Su interés por la prensa se manifiesta en su etapa de estudiante en el Instituto Nacional de Francia, pero no será hasta 1803, a su regreso a Madrid, cuando evidencie sus dotes para la organización y dirección periodísticas en El Mercurio y en la Gaceta de Madrid. Posteriormente, siendo director del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, comparte la dirección del Semanario de Agricultura y Artes, y, finalmente, en 1818 funda y dirige el venezolano Correo del Orinoco.

Metabolism of [14C]indole-3-acetic acid by the cortical and stelar tissues of Zea mays L. roots

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nonhebel, H.M.; Hillman, J.R.; Crozier, A.; Wilkins, M.B.

1985-01-01

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse 14 C-labelled metabolites of idole-3-acetic acid (IAA) formed in the cortical and stelar tissues of Zea mays roots. After a 2-h incubation in [ 14 C]IAA, stelar segments had metabolised between 1-6% of the methanol-extractable radioactivity compared with 91-92% by the cortical segments. The pattern of metabolites produced by cortical segments was similar to that produced by intact segments bathed in aqueous solutions of [ 14 C]IAA. In contrast, when IAA was supplied in agar blocks to stelar tissue protruding from the basal ends of segments, negligible metabolism was evident. On the basis of its retention characteristics both before and after methylation, the major metabolite of [ 14 C]IAA in Zea mays root segments was tentatively identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as oxindole-3-acetic acid. (orig.)

Study of cell-differentiation and assembly of photosynthetic proteins during greening of etiolated Zea mays leaves using confocal fluorescence microspectroscopy at liquid-nitrogen temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Shibata, Yutaka; Katoh, Wataru; Tahara, Yukari

2013-04-01

Fluorescence microspectroscopy observations were used to study the processes of cell differentiation and assemblies of photosynthesis proteins in Zea mays leaves under the greening process. The observations were done at 78K by setting the sample in a cryostat to avoid any undesired progress of the greening process during the measurements. The lateral and axial spatial resolutions of the system were 0.64μm and 4.4μm, respectively. The study revealed the spatial distributions of protochlorophyllide (PChld) in both the 632-nm-emitting and 655-nm-emitting forms within etiolated Zea mays leaves. The sizes of the fluorescence spots attributed to the former were larger than those of the latter, validating the assignment of the former and latter to the prothylakoid and prolamellar bodies, respectively. In vivo microspectroscopy observations of mature Zea mays leaves confirmed the different photosystem II (PS I)/photosystem I (PS II) ratio between the bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (MS) cells, which is specific for C4-plants. The BS cells in Zea mays leaves 1h after the initiation of the greening process tended to show fluorescence spectra at shorter wavelength side (at around 679nm) than the MS cells (at around 682nm). The 679-nm-emitting chlorophyll-a form observed mainly in the BS cells was attributed to putative precursor complexes to PS I. The BS cells under 3-h greening showed higher relative intensities of the PS I fluorescence band at around 735nm, suggesting the reduced PS II amount in the BS cells in this greening stage. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Stem characteristics of two forage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars varying in whole plant digestibility. I. Relevant morphological parameters

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boon, E.J.M.C.; Engels, F.M.; Struik, P.C.; Cone, J.W.

2005-01-01

The morphology and rumen fermentation kinetics of the maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) Vitaro and Volens were investigated in detail throughout their growing period as a first step towards understanding the relation between plant characteristics and cell wall fermentability of forage maize. Vitaro is

Production of antihypertensive peptides by enzymatic zein hydrolysate from maize-zea mays ssp. mexicana introgression line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, L.; Zhang, X.; Qiao, Y.; Qu, M.

2014-01-01

Teosintes are essential gene reservoir for maize breeding improvement, among which Zea mays ssp. mexicana has many valuable traits deserved to be transferred into maize genetic background. In this study, one maize-teosinte introgression line SD00100 was selected from the population of Zea mays ssp. mexicana as wild parent. This introgression line manifested the outstanding agricultural traits similar to maize parent Ye 515 and alien genetic material was identified by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). To produce bioactive peptides with potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, zein extracted from endosperm meal was then undergone enzymatic hydrolysis with thermolysin and the hydrolysate was then filtered through a 3 kDa cut-off membrane. ACE inhibitory activity of permeate from Ye 515 and SD00100 was evaluated by RP-HPLC. The IC50 values of the peptides obtained from maize parent and the introgression line were 96.9 micro g/ml and 22.9 micro g/ml, respectively, with significant difference between them. Our results showed that an outstanding inbred maize line was obtained for production of antihypertensive peptides as well as for further development of functional food. (author)

Water management options based on rainfall analysis for rainfed maize (Zea Mays L.) production in Rushinga district Zimbabwe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nyakudya, I.W.; Stroosnijder, L.

2011-01-01

Maize (Zea mays L.), the dominant and staple food crop in Southern and Eastern Africa, is preferred to the drought-tolerant sorghum and pearl millet even in semi-arid areas. In semi-arid areas production of maize is constrained by droughts and poor rainfall distribution. The best way to grow crops

Promoting Student Inquiry Using "Zea Mays" (Corn) Cultivars for Hypothesis-Driven Experimentation in a Majors Introductory Biology Course

Science.gov (United States)

Blair, Amy C.; Peters, Brenda J.; Bendixen, Conrad W.

2014-01-01

The AAAS Vision and Change report (2011) recommends incorporating student research experiences into the biology curriculum at the undergraduate level. This article describes, in detail, how "Zea mays" (corn) cultivars were used as a model for a hypothesis-driven short-term research project in an introductory biology course at a small…

Uptake of Zn++ and aflatoxin from perlite and liquid culture by Zea mays seedlings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Llewellyn, G.C.; Reynolds, J.D.; Hurst, L.; Vance, R.A.; Dashek, W.V.

1982-01-01

The present paper reports our attempts to determine whether in inclusion of 0.0014 mM Zn ++ within a hydroponic culture medium affects the ability of 12-day-old Zea mays, cv. 'SS-522' to take-up [ 3 H]-aflatoxin B 1 . Data from the corollary experiment., i.e., whether inclusion of aflatoxin affects the ability of Zea mays, cvs. 'Truckers White', 'X-Sweet' and 'Merit' to take-up 65 ZnCl 2 are presented also. This report is a preliminary to one regarding an in-progress analysis of whether pollutant levels of Zn ++ affect aflatoxin uptake and distribution. In the absence of irrigating seedlings, which were grown in Perlite containing 65 ZnCl 2 , with a solution containing mixed aflatoxins, the stem contained the greatest amount of label with root plus seed the next highest and the leaf the least for each of the cvs. In contrast, when the seedlings were irrigated with a solution containing mixed aflatoxins, the root plus seed contained either an amount nearly identical to (cv. 'Truckers White') or in excess of that within the stem (cvs. 'X-Sweet' and 'Merit'). Calculation of the percentages of aflatoxin-induced diminutions in leaf, stem and root label suggested that the aflatoxins interfered with the translocation of 65 ZnCl 2 from the root to the stem and leaf, at least for cvs 'X-Sweet' and 'Merit'. (orig./AJ)

Movement of endogenous calcium in the elongating zone of graviresponding roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; Cameron, I. L.; Smith, N. K.

1989-01-01

Endogenous calcium (Ca) accumulates along the lower side of the elongating zone of horizontally oriented roots of Zea mays cv. Yellow Dent. This accumulation of Ca correlates positively with the onset of gravicurvature, and occurs in the cytoplasm, cell walls and mucilage of epidermal cells. Corresponding changes in endogenous Ca do not occur in cortical cells of the elongating zone of intact roots. These results indicate that the calcium asymmetries associated with root gravicurvature occur in the outermost layers of the root.

The impact of sewage irrigation on the uptake of mercury in corn plants (Zea mays) from suburban Beijing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rothenberg, S.E.; Du, X.; Zhu, Y.-G.; Jay, J.A.

2007-01-01

The impact of sewage irrigation on the uptake and translocation of mercury (Hg) in corn plants (Zea mays) was investigated. Corn plants were harvested the same day from two nearby fields in suburban Beijing, one irrigated historically with sewage effluent, and one irrigated solely with groundwater. Hg content was analyzed in the soil, roots and stems, while percent moisture and soil organic content were analyzed in the soil samples. The concentration of Hg in the soil and roots, and the soil organic content were not significantly different between the two fields, despite the historic practice of sewage irrigation. Hg content in roots was positively correlated with soil Hg concentration (r = 0.95, n = 6). The transfer coefficients between roots and stems were significantly higher in the control site (control: 2.06, sewage-irrigated: 0.44, p < 0.05), indicating that the barrier effect of the roots was not consistent between the two fields. - Hg content in the roots of corn plants (Zea mays) was positively correlated with soil Hg content, but negatively correlated with Hg content in stems

The impact of sewage irrigation on the uptake of mercury in corn plants (Zea mays) from suburban Beijing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rothenberg, S.E. [Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085 (China); Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Box 951772 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 (United States)], E-mail: srothenb@ucla.edu; Du, X.; Zhu, Y.-G. [Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085 (China); Jay, J.A. [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 951593 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593 (United States)

2007-09-15

The impact of sewage irrigation on the uptake and translocation of mercury (Hg) in corn plants (Zea mays) was investigated. Corn plants were harvested the same day from two nearby fields in suburban Beijing, one irrigated historically with sewage effluent, and one irrigated solely with groundwater. Hg content was analyzed in the soil, roots and stems, while percent moisture and soil organic content were analyzed in the soil samples. The concentration of Hg in the soil and roots, and the soil organic content were not significantly different between the two fields, despite the historic practice of sewage irrigation. Hg content in roots was positively correlated with soil Hg concentration (r = 0.95, n = 6). The transfer coefficients between roots and stems were significantly higher in the control site (control: 2.06, sewage-irrigated: 0.44, p < 0.05), indicating that the barrier effect of the roots was not consistent between the two fields. - Hg content in the roots of corn plants (Zea mays) was positively correlated with soil Hg content, but negatively correlated with Hg content in stems.

Abscisic acid biosynthesis in isolated embryos of Zea mays L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gage, D.A.; Fong, F.; Zeevaart, J.A.D.

1989-01-01

Previous labeling experiments with 18 O 2 have supported the hypothesis that stress-induced abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized through an indirect pathway involving an oxygenated carotenoid (xanthophyll) as a precursor. To investigate ABA formation under nonstress conditions, an 18 O 2 labeling experiment was conducted with isolated embryos from in vitro grown maize (Zea mays L.) kernels. Of the ABA produced during the incubation in 18 O 2 , three-fourths contained a single 18 O atom located in the carboxyl group. Approximately one-fourth of the ABA synthesized during the experiment contained two 18 O atoms. These results suggest that ABA synthesized in maize embryos under nonstress conditions also proceeds via the indirect pathway, requiring a xanthophyll precursor. It was also found that the newly synthesized ABA was preferentially released into the surrounding medium

Assimilate unloading from maize (Zea mays L.) pedicel tissues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porter, G.A.; Knievel, D.P.; Shannon, J.C.

1987-01-01

Sugar and 14 C-assimilate release from the pedicel tissue of attached maize (Zea mays L.) kernels was studied following treatment with solute concentrations of up to 800 millimolal. Exposure and collection times ranged from 3 to 6 hours. Sugar and 14 C-assimilate unloading and collection in agar traps was reduced by 25 and 43%, respectively, following exposure to 800 millimolal mannitol. Inhibition of unloading was not specific to mannitol, since similar concentrations of glucose, fructose, or equimolar glucose plus fructose resulted in comparable inhibition. Ethylene glycol, a rapidly permeating solute which should not greatly influence cell turgor, did not inhibit 14 C-assimilate unloading. Based on these results, they suggest that inhibition of unloading by high concentrations of sugar or mannitol was due to reduced pedicel cell turgor. Changes in pedicel cell turgor may play a role in the regulation of assimilate transfer within the maize kernel

ISSR markers as a tool to distinguish Idt and SSS populations of Zea mays L

OpenAIRE

TIAROVSKÁ, Jana; SENKOVÁ, Slavomíra; BEŽO, Milan; RAŽNÁ, Katarína; MASNICA, Miloslav; LABAJOVÁ, Mária

2013-01-01

Maintaining genetic diversity for crop improvement and improving the quality of genetic resource management is both an inevitable part of nowadays maize breeding. ISSR markers brings the potential of finding a marker system to discriminate Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic and Iodent Reid populations of Zea mays, L. and on the base on coefficients of genetic distance and UPGMA grouping appropriate maize genotypes for the best potential for hybridization can be selected. The work presents the potenti...

[Antimutagenic activity of Armoracia rusticana, Zea mays and Ficus carica plant extracts and their mixture].

Science.gov (United States)

Agabeĭli, R A; Kasimova, T E

2005-01-01

Antimutagenic action of plant extracts of Armoracia rusticana, Ficus carica, Zea mays and their mixture on environmental xenobiotics has been investigated. The plant extracts and their mixture decreased the level of mutations induced by N-metil-N'-nitro-N-nitrozoguanidin (MNNG) in Vicia faba cells, chlorophyll mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana and NaF induced mutability in rat marrow cells. The studied plant extracts and their mixture demonstrate the ability to decrease the genotoxicity of environmental mutagens.

Safe use of metal-contaminated agricultural land by cultivation of energy maize (Zea mays)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Slycken, S.; Witters, N.; Meers, E.; Peene, A.; Michels, E.; Adriaensen, K.; Ruttens, A.; Vangronsveld, J.; Du Laing, G.; Wierinck, I.; Van Dael, M.; Van Passel, S.; Tack, F.M.G.

2013-01-01

Production of food crops on trace element-contaminated agricultural lands in the Campine region (Belgium) can be problematic as legal threshold values for safe use of these crops can be exceeded. Conventional sanitation of vast areas is too expensive and alternatives need to be investigated. Zea mays on a trace element-contaminated soil in the region showed an average yield of 53 ± 10 Mg fresh or 20 ± 3 Mg dry biomass ha −1 . Whole plant Cd concentrations complied with legal threshold values for animal feed. Moreover, threshold values for use in anaerobic digestion were met. Biogas production potential did not differ between maize grown on contaminated and non-contaminated soils. Results suggested favorable perspectives for farmers to generate non-food crops profitably, although effective soil cleaning would be very slow. This demonstrates that a valuable and sustainable alternative use can be generated for moderately contaminated soils on which conventional agriculture is impaired. -- Highlights: •Zea mays on trace element-contaminated soil has an average yield of 20 ± 3 Mg DW ha −1 . •Whole plant Cd concentrations complied with legal threshold values for animal feed. •Biogas production did not differ from maize grown on non-contaminated soils. •Perspectives are favorable for farmers to generate non-food crops profitably. •Effective soil cleaning would be very slow. -- Energy maize cultivation constitutes a sustainable alternative use of trace element-contaminated agricultural soils

Compounds formed by treatment of corn (Zea mays) with nitrous acid.

Science.gov (United States)

Archer, M C; Hansen, T J; Tannenbaum, S R

1980-01-01

Nitrohexane has been identified as a major product formed following treatment of corn (Zea mays) with nitrous acid. Preliminary evidence suggests that another compound isolated from the nitrosated corn is an unsaturated nitrolic acid. As an aid to the analysis of N-nitro compounds, we have characterized the response of a chemiluminescence detector (Thermal Energy Analyzer) as a function of pyrolysis chamber temperature for several nitrosamines and for an aliphatic C-nitroso compound, an aromatic C-nitro compound, a nitramine and an alkyl nitrite. The response-temperature profiles are valuable in distinguishing among the various compounds and in optimizing the sensitivity of the detector for use in chromatography. Other tests, including photolysis and stability toward nitrite-scavenging reagents, further aid in distinguishing among the various compounds.

Polyamines and meristematic activity in Zea mays roots

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwartz, M.; Arzee, T.; Cohen, Y.; Altman, A.

1989-01-01

Polyamine content and biosynthesis were determined in conjunction with meristematic activity and growth of Zea mays roots. Three types of developmental events were investigated: growth of intact primary roots, formation of lateral root primordia following main root decapitation, and activity of the quiescent center following root cap excision. A low ratio of putrescine/spermidine cotents was found to be salient feature of regions with high meristematic activity, in all 3 experimental systems. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activities increased concomitantly with lateral root primordia development and activation of the quiescent center. An increase in the incorporation of arginine and ornithine into spermidine was found in meristematic zones. L-canavanine inhibited primary root elongation and formation of lateral primordia as well as ADC and ODC activity. Similar inhibitory effects were found with MGBG and CHA, both inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. A parallel study of ODC localization and DNA synthesis (using α- 14 C-DFMO and 3 H-thymidine microautoradiography, respectively) revealed than root zones with high meristematic activity are characterized by high ODC activity

Degradation of some representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the water-soluble protein extracts from Zea mays L. cv PR32-B10.

Science.gov (United States)

Barone, Roberto; de Biasi, Margherita-Gabriella; Piccialli, Vincenzo; de Napoli, Lorenzo; Oliviero, Giorgia; Borbone, Nicola; Piccialli, Gennaro

2016-10-01

The ability of the water-soluble protein extracts from Zea mais L. cv. PR32-B10 to degrade some representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been evaluated. Surface sterilized seeds of corn (Zea mais L. Pioneer cv. PR32-B10) were hydroponically cultivated in a growth chamber under no-stressful conditions. The water-soluble protein extracts isolated from maize tissues showed peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities. Incubation of the extracts with naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene, led to formation of oxidized and/or degradation products. GC-MS and TLC monitoring of the processes showed that naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and pyrene underwent 100%, 78%, 92% and 65% oxidative degradation, respectively, after 120 min. The chemical structure of the degradation products were determined by (1)H NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Capacidade combinatória, divergência genética entre linhagens de milho e correlação com heterose Combining ability, genetic divergence among maize lines and correlation with heterosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto Paterniani

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de híbridos simples de milho (Zea mays L., obtidos de cruzamentos dialélicos entre linhagens divergentes, estimar a capacidade de combinação das linhagens e verificar se a divergência genética entre as linhagens, obtida por marcadores moleculares, é correlacionada com a heterose dos híbridos simples no campo. Trinta e seis híbridos resultantes de um dialelo parcial foram avaliados em Campinas e em Mococa e as 12 linhagens parentais somente em Campinas, a fim de se calcular a heterose dos híbridos. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e 2 testemunhas comerciais. Avaliaram-se os caracteres: altura da planta (AP, altura da espiga (AE e massa de grãos (MG. Análises de variância foram efetuadas, sendo as médias comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A capacidade de combinação das linhagens foi obtida de acordo com o método de Geraldi e Miranda Filho. Estimaram-se as correlações entre heterose, produtividade e capacidade específica de combinação com divergência genética obtida por AFLP e SSR. Destacou-se o híbrido PM624 x IP398, e as linhagens VER266 e L105 revelaram efeitos positivos da capacidade de combinação para produtividade. As estimativas de heterose variaram de -559 a 6.320 kg ha-1. Não houve correlação entre heterose, capacidade específica de combinação e produtividade dos híbridos com a distância genética por AFLP e SSR, indicando que não é possível fazer inferências sobre o comportamento dos híbridos de milho a partir da divergência genética entre as linhagens parentais.The objectives of this research were to evaluate single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L. obtained from partial diallel crosses among contrasting inbred lines, to estimate the combining ability of the lines and to verify whether the genetic diversity among those lines assessed by moleculars markers is correlated with single cross hybrid

Structure of the novel monomeric glyoxalase I from Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Turra, Gino L; Agostini, Romina B; Fauguel, Carolina M; Presello, Daniel A; Andreo, Carlos S; González, Javier M; Campos-Bermudez, Valeria A

2015-10-01

The glyoxalase system is ubiquitous among all forms of life owing to its central role in relieving the cell from the accumulation of methylglyoxal, a toxic metabolic byproduct. In higher plants, this system is upregulated under diverse metabolic stress conditions, such as in the defence response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Despite their proven fundamental role in metabolic stresses, plant glyoxalases have been poorly studied. In this work, glyoxalase I from Zea mays has been characterized both biochemically and structurally, thus reporting the first atomic model of a glyoxalase I available from plants. The results indicate that this enzyme comprises a single polypeptide with two structurally similar domains, giving rise to two lateral concavities, one of which harbours a functional nickel(II)-binding active site. The putative function of the remaining cryptic active site remains to be determined.

Mutational effects of space flight on Zea mays seeds

Science.gov (United States)

Mei, M.; Qiu, Y.; He, Y.; Bucker, H.; Yang, C. H.

1994-01-01

The growth and development of more than 500 Zea mays seeds flown on Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) were studied. Somatic mutations, including white-yellow stripes on leaves, dwarfing, change of leaf sheath color or seedling color were observed in plants developed from these seeds. When the frequency of white-yellow formation was used as the endpoint and compared with data from ground based studies, the dose to which maize seeds might be exposed during the flight was estimated to be equivalent to 635 cGy of gamma rays. Seeds from one particular holder gave a high mutation frequency and a wide mutation spectrum. White-yellow stripes on leaves were also found in some of the inbred progenies from plants displayed somatic mutation. Electron microscopy studies showed that the damage of chloroplast development in the white-yellow stripe on leaves was similar between seeds flown on LDEF and that irradiated by accelerated heavy ions on ground.

Diapause hormone in the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea: Optimum temperature for activity, structure–activity relationships, and efficacy in accelerating flesh fly pupariation

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Zhang, Q.; Žďárek, Jan; Nachman, R. J.; Denlinger, D. L.

2008-01-01

Roč. 29, č. 2 (2008), s. 196-205 ISSN 0196-9781 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : diapause hormone * neuropeptide analogs * diapause termination * pupariation * Helicoverpa zea Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 2.565, year: 2008

Effects of N fertilizer on root growth in Zea mays L. seedlings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Z. R.; Rui, Y. R.; Shen, J. B.; Zhang, F. S.

2008-07-01

This paper reports the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions. The N supply was found to influence the growth of the plants, especially the roots. A high N supply significantly inhibited root elongation, and was associated with reduced root dry weight compared to controls and to plants grown with smaller supplies of N. However, no differences were seen in lateral primary root density under the different N supply conditions, nor did plant N concentration increase with high N supply. In conclusion, a high N supply not only wastes resources and pollutes the environment, it may also inhibit root growth. (Author)

Quantitative trait loci for maysin synthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) lines selected for high silk maysin content.

Science.gov (United States)

Meyer, J D F; Snook, M E; Houchins, K E; Rector, B G; Widstrom, N W; McMullen, M D

2007-06-01

Maysin is a naturally occurring C-glycosyl flavone found in maize (Zea mays L.) silk tissue that confers resistance to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea, Boddie). Recently, two new maize populations were derived for high silk maysin. The two populations were named the exotic populations of maize (EPM) and the southern inbreds of maize (SIM). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was employed to determine which loci were responsible for elevated maysin levels in inbred lines derived from the EPM and SIM populations. The candidate genes consistent with QTL position included the p (pericarp color), c2 (colorless2), whp1 (white pollen1) and in1 (intensifier1) loci. The role of these loci in controlling high maysin levels in silks was tested by expression analysis and use of the loci as genetic markers onto the QTL populations. These studies support p, c2 and whp1, but not in1, as loci controlling maysin. Through this study, we determined that the p locus regulates whp1 transcription and that increased maysin in these inbred lines was primarily due to alleles at both structural and regulatory loci promoting increased flux through the flavone pathway by increasing chalcone synthase activity.

Využití kukuřice seté (Zea mays L.) pro energetické účely

OpenAIRE

RATAJ, David

2011-01-01

This bachelor thesis deals with the types of energy use of flint corn (Zea mays). It compares the suitability of hybrid maize lines. The thesis is to summarize and compare the literature data on other types of energy crops and compares them suitable for cultivation for energy recovery on the basis of some production capacity and energy parameters (dry matter yield, energy recovery, combustion heat and humidity).

Uptake of Zn/sup + +/ and aflatoxin from perlite and liquid culture by Zea mays seedlings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Llewellyn, G C; Reynolds, J D; Hurst, L [Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond (USA). Dept. of Biology; Vance, R A; Dashek, W V [West Virginia Univ., Morgantown (USA). Dept. of Biology

1982-01-01

The present paper reports our attempts to determine whether in inclusion of 0.0014 mM Zn/sup + +/ within a hydroponic culture medium affects the ability of 12-day-old Zea mays, cv. 'SS-522' to take-up (/sup 3/H)-aflatoxin B/sub 1/. Data from the corollary experiment., i.e., whether inclusion of aflatoxin affects the ability of Zea mays, cvs. 'Truckers White', 'X-Sweet' and 'Merit' to take-up /sup 65/ZnCl/sub 2/ are presented also. This report is a preliminary to one regarding an in-progress analysis of whether pollutant levels of Zn/sup + +/ affect aflatoxin uptake and distribution. In the absence of irrigating seedlings, which were grown in Perlite containing /sup 65/ZnCl/sub 2/, with a solution containing mixed aflatoxins, the stem contained the greatest amount of label with root plus seed the next highest and the leaf the least for each of the cvs. In contrast, when the seedlings were irrigated with a solution containing mixed aflatoxins, the root plus seed contained either an amount nearly identical to (cv. 'Truckers White') or in excess of that within the stem (cvs. 'X-Sweet' and 'Merit'). Calculation of the percentages of aflatoxin-induced diminutions in leaf, stem and root label suggested that the aflatoxins interfered with the translocation of /sup 65/ZnCl/sub 2/ from the root to the stem and leaf, at least for cvs 'X-Sweet' and 'Merit'.

A Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay to Diagnose and Separate Helicoverpa armigera and H. zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the New World.

Science.gov (United States)

Gilligan, Todd M; Tembrock, Luke R; Farris, Roxanne E; Barr, Norman B; van der Straten, Marja J; van de Vossenberg, Bart T L H; Metz-Verschure, Eveline

2015-01-01

The Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and the corn earworm, H. zea (Boddie), are two of the most important agricultural pests in the world. Diagnosing these two species is difficult-adults can only be separated with a complex dissection, and larvae cannot be identified to species using morphology, necessitating the use of geographic origin for identification in most instances. With the discovery of H. armigera in the New World, identification of immature Helicoverpa based on origin is no longer possible because H. zea also occurs in all of the geographic regions where H. armigera has been discovered. DNA barcoding and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses have been reported in publications to distinguish these species, but these methods both require post-PCR processing (i.e., DNA sequencing or restriction digestion) to complete. We report the first real-time PCR assay to distinguish these pests based on two hydrolysis probes that bind to a segment of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) amplified using a single primer pair. One probe targets H. armigera, the second probe targets H. zea, and a third probe that targets a conserved segment of 18S rDNA is used as a control of DNA quality. The assay can be completed in 50 minutes when using isolated DNA and is successfully tested on larvae intercepted at ports of entry and adults captured during domestic surveys. We demonstrate that the assay can be run in triplex with no negative effects on sensitivity, can be run using alternative real-time PCR reagents and instruments, and does not cross react with other New World Heliothinae.

A Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay to Diagnose and Separate Helicoverpa armigera and H. zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae in the New World.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Todd M Gilligan

Full Text Available The Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, and the corn earworm, H. zea (Boddie, are two of the most important agricultural pests in the world. Diagnosing these two species is difficult-adults can only be separated with a complex dissection, and larvae cannot be identified to species using morphology, necessitating the use of geographic origin for identification in most instances. With the discovery of H. armigera in the New World, identification of immature Helicoverpa based on origin is no longer possible because H. zea also occurs in all of the geographic regions where H. armigera has been discovered. DNA barcoding and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP analyses have been reported in publications to distinguish these species, but these methods both require post-PCR processing (i.e., DNA sequencing or restriction digestion to complete. We report the first real-time PCR assay to distinguish these pests based on two hydrolysis probes that bind to a segment of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2 amplified using a single primer pair. One probe targets H. armigera, the second probe targets H. zea, and a third probe that targets a conserved segment of 18S rDNA is used as a control of DNA quality. The assay can be completed in 50 minutes when using isolated DNA and is successfully tested on larvae intercepted at ports of entry and adults captured during domestic surveys. We demonstrate that the assay can be run in triplex with no negative effects on sensitivity, can be run using alternative real-time PCR reagents and instruments, and does not cross react with other New World Heliothinae.

Expression of maize prolamins in Escherichia Coli. [Zea mays L

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Szu-zhen; Esen, Asim

1985-12-02

A cDNA expression library of developing corn (Zea mays L.) endosperm has been constructed using plasmid pUC8 as vector and Escherichia coli strain DH1 as host. The expression library was screened with non-radioactive immunological probes to detect the expression of gamma-zein and alpha-zein. When anti-gamma-zein antibody was used as the probe, 23 colonies gave positive reactions. The lengths of cDNA inserts of the 23 colonies were found to be 250-900 base pairs. When anti-alpha zein antibody was used, however, fewer colonies gave positive reactions. The library was also screened by colony-hybridization with /sup 32/P-labeled DNA probes. Based on immunological and hybridization screening of the library and other evidence, it was conclude that alpha-zein was either toxic to E. coli cells or rapidly degraded whereas gamma-zein and its fragments were readily expressed. 21 references.

Zinc toxicity on antioxidative response in (Zea mays L. at two different pH

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Hosseini, Zahra

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Zn is the second most abundant transition metal after iron (Fe. Excess Zn can have negative effects on plants. The effect of Zn at two different pH on lipid peroxidation (MDA, membrane permeability (EC, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2,non-protein thiols (NPT and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes Zea mays were investigated under controlled growth conditions. Zn-excess conditions increased the EC, MDA, H2O2 content and non-protein thiols and also activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased. Also zinc toxicity was higher in 4.5 pH than 7.5 pH.

VIGOR DE SEMENTES DE MILHO (Zea mays L. AVALIADO PELA PRECOCIDADE DE EMISSÃO DA RAIZ PRIMÁRIA EVALUATION OF CORN (Zea mays L. SEED VIGOR THROUGH THE PRECOCITY OF PRIMARY ROOT EMISSION

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Francisco Ferraz de Toledo

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Foi desenvolvido trabalho baseado na determinação da precocidade da emissão da raiz primária de sementes de milho, em dez lotes de um mesmo cultivar. Este processo constou da distribuição de 200 sementes de cada lote sobre folhas de papel umedecido e, também, rolos de papel, que permaneceram em germinador a 25 °C; de 12 em 12 horas, aquelas que apresentaram emissão da raiz primária foram removidas, contadas e anotadas. Para estabelecer comparação entre os métodos e os lotes, paralelamente, as sementes eram avaliadas através da determinação do grau de umidade, dos testes de germinação e de vigor (primeira contagem, teste de frio com solo e emergência de plântulas em campo. Concluiu-se que há possibilidade de se utilizar o teste de emissão da raiz primária, em rolos de papel, para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the variability of the emission of seed radicle of corn (Zea mays L. and to establish indexes of primary root emission to test the vigor of commercial seed lots. Samples of corn seeds not treated with fungicides, were taken from ten lots of the same cultivar. Two hundred seeds from each lot were distributed on wetted paper towels and also within paper rolles at 25 °C. Each 12 hours, seeds with primary root emission were counted and removed. Indexes of primary root emission were calculated and compared to conventional laboratory tests (first count; accelerated aging; cold test and field emergence. It was concluded that the primary root emission test, in rolled paper towels can be of great value for evaluating the vigor of corn seeds.

Measurement of the rates of oxindole-3-acetic acid turnover, and indole-3-acetic acid oxidation in Zea mays seedlings

Science.gov (United States)

Nonhebel, H. M.; Bandurski, R. S. (Principal Investigator)

1986-01-01

Oxindole-3-acetic acid is the principal catabolite of indole-3-acetic acid in Zea mays seedlings. In this paper measurements of the turnover of oxindole-3-acetic acid are presented and used to calculate the rate of indole-3-acetic acid oxidation. [3H]Oxindole-3-acetic acid was applied to the endosperm of Zea mays seedlings and allowed to equilibrate for 24 h before the start of the experiment. The subsequent decrease in its specific activity was used to calculate the turnover rate. The average half-life of oxindole-3-acetic acid in the shoots was found to be 30 h while that in the kernels had an average half-life of 35h. Using previously published values of the pool sizes of oxindole-3-acetic acid in shoots and kernels from seedlings of the same age and variety, and grown under the same conditions, the rate of indole-3-acetic acid oxidation was calculated to be 1.1 pmol plant-1 h-1 in the shoots and 7.1 pmol plant-1 h-1 in the kernels.

Autoradiographic study of protein synthesis recovery in root cells of Zea mays embryos during early stages of germination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deltour, Roger

1977-01-01

Recovery of protein synthesis was studied in primary root of germinating Zea mays embryos. [H 3 ] leucine or [H 3 ] lysine was provided for two hours at 16 0 C to embryos excised from kernels at various times after the beginning of germination. Protein synthesis (probably dependent on long-lived mRNA stocked in dormant embryo root cells) resumed during the first two hours of seed imbibition [fr

Autoradiographic study of protein synthesis recovery in root cells of Zea mays embryos during early stages of germination

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deltour, R [Liege Univ. (Belgium)

1977-05-02

Recovery of protein synthesis was studied in primary root of germinating Zea mays embryos. (H/sup 3/) leucine or (H/sup 3/) lysine was provided for two hours at 16/sup 0/C to embryos excised from kernels at various times after the beginning of germination. Protein synthesis (probably dependent on long-lived mRNA stocked in dormant embryo root cells) resumed during the first two hours of seed imbibition.

Modificaciones histológicas del cartílago hialino a nivel de la articulación maleolar en ratas artríticas tratadas con Zea mays L (variedad morada)

OpenAIRE

Villalobos Pacheco, Eduardo Jesús

2017-01-01

Demuestra que el extracto de Zea mays L reduce las modificaciones histológicas en el cartílago hialino a nivel de la articulación maleolar en términos de la estructura, células y estado de integridad del cartílago, en ratas artríticas inducidas por pristane. Realiza un modelo de artritis en ratas Sprague Dawley inducido por pristane vía subdérmica (0.2 ml). Se distribuyeron en control positivo (n=10) vehículo (1ml/100g), Metotrexato (n=10) 0,1mg/Kg, Indometacina (n=10) 0.6 mg/kg, Zea mays 1% ...

The effect of ethylene on root growth of Zea mays seedlings

Science.gov (United States)

Whalen, M. C.; Feldman, L. J.

1988-01-01

The control of primary root growth in Zea mays cv. Merit by ethylene was examined. At applied concentrations of ethylene equal to or greater than 0.1 microliter L-1, root elongation during 24 h was inhibited. The half-maximal response occurred at 0.6 microliter L-1 and the response saturated at 6 microliters L-1. Inhibition of elongation took place within 20 min. However, after ethylene was removed, elongation recovered to control values within 15 min. Root elongation was also inhibited by green light. The inhibition caused by a 24-h exposure to ethylene was restricted to the elongating region just behind the apex, with inhibition of cortical cell elongation being the primary contributor to the effect. Based on use of 2,5-norbornadiene, a gaseous competitive inhibitor of ethylene, it was concluded that endogenous ethylene normally inhibits root elongation.

ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids with Neuroprotective Properties from Corn Silk ( Zea mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Qi, Xiao-Li; Zhang, Ying-Ying; Zhao, Peng; Zhou, Le; Wang, Xiao-Bo; Huang, Xiao-Xiao; Lin, Bin; Song, Shao-Jiang

2018-05-25

Thirteen new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, stigmaydenes A-M (1-13), together with two known compounds (14, 15), were isolated from the crude extract of corn silk ( Zea mays). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was defined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The absolute configurations of the compounds were also confirmed by comparison of experimental and calculated specific rotations. The compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against H 2 O 2 -induced SH-SY5Y cell injury, and compound 8 was active at 100 μM, as determined by flow cytometry (annexin V-FITC/PI staining) and Hoechst 33258 staining. The results suggested that compound 8 could protect neuronal cells from H 2 O 2 -induced injury by inhibiting apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.

Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Stress on Some Growth Parameters of Zea mays L. and Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.

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Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU

2013-02-01

Full Text Available This study investigated the responses of maize (Zea mays L. and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. seedlings growth parameters to nitrogen nutritional stress. This was with a view to determining whether nitrogen nutritional stress would retard or enhance maize and cowpea growth, partly, wholly or not at all through its effect on biomass accumulation and some morphological parameters. Germination of seeds was done using treated sand in sixty plastic pots. A group of the seedlings was nutrient stressed by administering 200 ml of complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen (-N while the other groups were fed with five times (X5N and ten times (X10N the optimal concentration of nitrogen and the last regime was fed with full nutrient solution (FN. The effects of optimal concentration and nitrogen stress on the growth rates (as measured by their fresh and dry weight were studied. The result of the growth analysis showed that there was increase in shoot height with supraoptimal concentrations of nitrogen treatments (X10N and X5N while there was a decrease in shoot height with minus nitrogen (-N regimes. The observed higher biomass (dry matter yield under the FN regimes in both Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata were attributed to optimal nutrient assimilation rate.

[Antimutagenic activity of plant extracts from Armoracia rusticana, Ficus carica and Zea mays and peroxidase in eukaryotic cells].

Science.gov (United States)

Agabeĭli, R A; Kasimova, T E; Alekperov, U K

2004-01-01

Antimutagene activity and high efficiency of antimutagene action of plant extracts from horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana), fig brunches (Ficus carica) and mays seedlings (Zea mays) and their ability to decrease the frequency of spontaneous and induced by gamma-rays chromosome aberrations in meristematic cells of Vicia faba and marrow cells of mice have been shown. Comparative assessment of genoprotective properties of peroxidase and the studied extracts has revealed higher efficiency of antimutagene action of peroxidase.

Mode of inheritance and combining abilities for kernel row number, kernel number per row and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bocanski, J.; Sreckov, Z.; Nastasic, A.; Ivanovic, M.; Djalovic, I.; Vukosavljev, M.

2010-01-01

Bocanski J., Z. Sreckov, A. Nastasic, M. Ivanovic, I.Djalovic and M. Vukosavljev (2010): Mode of inheritance and combining abilities for kernel row number, kernel number per row and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.) - Genetika, Vol 42, No. 1, 169- 176. Utilization of heterosis requires the study of

The Effect of Morphaction on the Kinetics of Indol-3yl-Acetic Acid-2-14C Transport in Zea Mays L. Coleoptile Segments

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Naqvi, S. M.

1972-01-01

This paper elucidates the effects of chloroflurenol (morphactin, IT 3456) treatment on the kinetics of 14C-IAA transport through Zea mays L. (cv. Orla-266) coleoptile segments. Maximum inhibition of transport was achieved when chloroflurenol remained in contact with the tissue segments for at least...

Effets Josephson generalises entre antiferroaimants et entre supraconducteurs antiferromagnetiques

Science.gov (United States)

Chasse, Dominique

L'effet Josephson est generalement presente comme le resultat de l'effet tunnel coherent de paires de Cooper a travers une jonction tunnel entre deux supraconducteurs, mais il est possible de l'expliquer dans un contexte plus general. Par exemple, Esposito & al. ont recemment demontre que l'effet Josephson DC peut etre decrit a l'aide du boson pseudo-Goldstone de deux systemes couples brisant chacun la symetrie abelienne U(1). Puisque cette description se generalise de facon naturelle a des brisures de symetries continues non-abeliennes, l'equivalent de l'effet Josephson devrait donc exister pour des types d'ordre a longue portee differents de la supraconductivite. Le cas de deux ferroaimants itinerants (brisure de symetrie 0(3)) couples a travers une jonction tunnel a deja ete traite dans la litterature Afin de mettre en evidence la generalite du phenomene et dans le but de faire des predictions a partir d'un modele realiste, nous etudions le cas d'une jonction tunnel entre deux antiferroaimants itinerants. En adoptant une approche Similaire a celle d'Ambegaokar & Baratoff pour une jonction Josephson, nous trouvons un courant d'aimantation alternee a travers la jonction qui est proportionnel a sG x sD ou fG et sD sont les vecteurs de Neel de part et d'autre de la jonction. La fonction sinus caracteristique du courant Josephson standard est donc remplacee.ici par un produit vectoriel. Nous montrons que, d'un point de vue microscopique, ce phenomene resulte de l'effet tunnel coherent de paires particule-trou de spin 1 et de vecteur d'onde net egal au vecteur d'onde antiferromagnetique Q. Nous trouvons egalement la dependance en temperature de l'analogue du courant critique. En presence d'un champ magnetique externe, nous obtenons l'analogue de l'effet Josephson AC et la description complete que nous en donnons s'applique aussi au cas d'une jonction tunnel entre ferroaimants (dans ce dernier cas, les traitements anterieurs de cet effet AC s'averent incomplets). Nous

High-LET particle dosimetry in the ASTP-Biostack III: Zea mays experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peterson, D.D.; Benton, E.V.; Tran, M.; Yang, T.; Freeling, M.; Craise, L.; Tobias, C.A.

1977-01-01

High-LET particle hits in embryos of Zea mays (corn) seeds, flown as part of the ASTP-Biostack III, were determined via plastic nuclear track detectors. Based on etched particle-tracks measurements, 41 embryos were hit in seed layer 1 which contained 80 seeds, and 49 hits occurred in layer 2 which contained 79 seeds. The mean LET value and range of atomic numbers of recorded hits is, respectively, 210 +- 57 keV/μm and 9 approximately less than Z approximately less than 26. Detailed analysis of one particular seed showing marked growth anomalies revealed two hits in the central region of the embryo. These two hits had LET values in the region of 100 to 150 keV/μm, and Z less than approximately 20. (author)

Pathogenic and Genetic Diversity among Iranian Isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina Diversidad Patogénica y Genética entre Aislamientos Iraníes de Macrophomina phaseolina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siavosh Rayatpanah

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi Goid., is an economically important disease of oilseed plants in Northern Iran. Seventy isolates of M. phaseolina were obtained from different hosts, including soybean (Glycine max L., and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. in the northern oilseed planting regions of Iran. RAPD-PCR amplification profiles, by using of six random OPA primers (kit A showed polymorphisms among the isolates. The primer OPA-13 (5'_ CAGCACCCAC_3' amplified the genomic DNA of all isolates of M.phaseolina producing 4-12 bands of sizes between 0.25 and 2.3 kb. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA analysis classified the isolates into the nine major groups with 64% similarity. Pathogenicity of isolates was evaluated at seedling stage of soybean, sunflower, and maize (Zea mays L. plants under in vitro conditions. None of the isolates were pathogenic on corn, while all of the isolates infected soybean and sunflower seedlings. Isolates were more virulent on soybean than sunflower. The disease index on sunflower and soybean varied between 19-24 and 27-30 respectively. These results indicated a significant pathogenic and genetic variability within the Iranian isolates of M. phaseolina. Cultivation with crop rotation was probably tended to induce less diversity of the pathogen isolates.Pudrición carbonosa, causada por Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi Goid., es una enfermedad de importancia económica de las plantas de semillas oleaginosas en el norte de Irán. Setenta aislamientos de M. phaseolina se obtuvieron de diferentes hospederos, incluyendo soya (Glycine max L. y girasol (Helianthus annuus L. en las regiones de plantación de semillas oleaginosas del norte de Irán. Perfiles RAPD-PCR de amplificación, utilizando primers aleatorios de seis OPA (kit A mostraron polimorfismos entre los aislamientos. El primer OPA-13 (5'-CAGCACCCAC-3' amplificó el ADN genómico de todos los aislamientos de M. phaseolina

The role of 2,4-D and auxin-binding proteins during the induction of embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus in Zea mays (L.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bronsema, F.

1998-01-01

This thesis deals with the influence of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the induction of callus in cultured immature embryos of Zea mays (L). In maize, two types of embryogenic callus can be induced in immature zygotic embryos.
Type I

Phytotoxic Effects of Lanthanum Oxide Nanoparticles on Maize (Zea mays L.)

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yinglin; Xu, Lina; Dai, Yanhui

2018-02-01

The use of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NPs) in life products have increased dramatically in the past decades, which are inevitable released into natural environment. In this study, we determined the phytotoxicity of La2O3 NPs to maize (Zea mays L.) grown in one-fourth strength Hoagland solution. After being exposed for two weeks, the biomass, roots length and the relative chlorophyll content were measured. La2O3 NPs had phytotoxicity to maize at 5 mg/L. La2O3 NPs decreased shoot biomass (≥10 mg/L), the root biomass and length (≥5 mg/L). Moreover, La2O3 NPs had adverse effects on the chlorophyll content (≥10 mg/L). The decreased chlorophyll content may reduce net photosynthetic rate. This research offers vital information about the phytotoxicity of La2O3 NPs.

Sienten Phyllachora maydis Maubl. ja Monographella maydis Müller & Samuels aiheuttaman asfalttilaikkutaudin esiintyvyys maissilla (Zea mays L.) Nicaraguassa

OpenAIRE

Höckerstedt, Layla

2014-01-01

Maissi (Zea mays L.) on yksi maailman merkittävimmistä ravintokasveista. Nicaraguassa maissia tuottavat lähinnä pienviljelijät, joilla ei ole mahdollisuutta käyttää maatalouskemikaaleja tautien torjuntaan. Suurin osa maissille tauteja aiheuttavista patogeeneistä on sieniä, kuten myös mustalaikkua aiheuttava ehdoton loissieni Phyllachora maydis Maubl. Yhdessä endofyyttisen sienen Monographella maydis Müller & Samuels kanssa, nämä yksinään melko harmittomat sienet voivat aiheuttaa asfalttilaiku...

Mycoflora Of Maize Zea Maize At Different Locations In Hail Area-Saudi Arabia

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Elham S. Dawood

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Zea maize is one of the main cereals produced in Hail area Saudi Arabia. The risk of mycotoxin contamination is related to mycoflora associated with corn kernel. This paper reports on isolation and identification of external and internal mycoflora of maize harvested in Hail area in 2006 2008. A mycological survey was carried out on 200 samples from two agricultural companies . Comparison between frequency and relative density of the prevalent genera and species was carried out. Genus Fusarium was the most prevalent component of the internal seed - borne mycoflora in the two companies Aspergillus spp. was the most prevalent genus as external seed borne mycoflora. The predominant species of the different genera were Fusarium moniliforrme Aspergillus flavus A. niger and Alternaria alternate.

Fine mapping of a quantitative resistance gene for gray leaf spot of maize (Zea mays L.) derived from teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis)

Science.gov (United States)

In previous work, using near isogenic line (NIL) populations in which segments of the tesosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) genome had been introgressed into the background of the maize line B73, we had identified a QTL on chromosome 8, here called Qgls8, for gray leaf spot resistance. We identified...

Endostatin (EntreMed).

Science.gov (United States)

Grosios, K

2000-07-01

EntreMed has licensed the worldwide rights to the angiogenesis inhibitor Endostatin, a 20 kDa C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, from the Children's Hospital of Boston, a teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School. It is being developed as a potential cancer treatment and may also be useful in certain types of blindness and arthritis [227427]. EntreMed filed an IND for Endostatin in June 1999 [334125] and as of September 1999, phase I trials were underway [341462]. As of April 2000, the company had initiated plans for testing low doses of Endostatin in cancer patients using continuous infusion and sc administration in a further phase I study to be conducted in Europe [361594]. A phase I trial of Endostatin which will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Endostatin at a range of doses in no more than 100 cancer patients has been initiated. The trial will take place at the University of Texas MD Anderson Medical Center and the University of Wisconsin Cancer Center in Madison. The National Cancer Center will be sponsoring the trial, which is expected to be completed in late 2000. As of March 2000, there had been no serious adverse events attributable to Endostatin administration. The first report from this trial is expected in autumn 2000 [341462], [366312]. The mechanism of action for Endostatin remains unclear, although reports from the 91st AACR Meeting in April 2000 showed that recombinant human endostatin bound to a number of tropomyosin cDNAs in a library screen [362039]. In preclinical studies, repeated administration of Endostatin consistently shrank primary tumors and did not produce any drug resistance. In mice, a variety of tumors which had progressed to 1 to 2% of total body weight, regressed to microscopic, dormant lesions following Endostatin treatment [231418], [231470], [270673]. Types of cancers which respond to Endostatin include lung, skin, vascular and fibrosarcomas. Toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys showed that bolus injections of

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of fababean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in calcareous and acid soils

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Li, G.; Li, Haigang; Leffelaar, P.A.; Shen, J.; Zhang, F.

2015-01-01

The dynamics of soil phosphorus (P) fractions were investigated, in the rhizosphere of fababean (Vicia faba L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in calcareous and acid soils. Plants were grown in a mini-rhizotron with a thin (3 mm) soil layer, which was in contact with the root-mat, and considered as

"Ideas de Vida y Muerte". Un comentario al libro del Académico Adolfo de Francisco Zea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guillermo Sánchez Medina

2002-08-01

Full Text Available

Agradezco a la vida el haberme dado la oportunidad de ser elegido para comentar este libro. La elección la hizo el autor y el Presidente. De lo profundo, mi gratitud.

Acepté el reto de comentar la obra Ideas de vida y muerte del doctor Adolfo De Francisco Zea. Lo hago con el afecto de más de cincuenta años, pero, además, con la admiración y respeto que me merece.

No puedo desprenderme de sus propias palabras con respecto a su abuelo el doctor Luis Zea Uribe, no solamente por su paralelo físico sino en toda su cultura y lucidez, y, como él mismo escribe que Armando Solano lo señalara: “…penetrante hasta lo maravilloso”.

Pienso que es indudable que la ordenación del código genético entre el abuelo y el nieto son evidentes por medio del pensamiento y obra del académico De Francisco.

El autor, ve el árbol y el bosque con inquietudes personales y campos especializados que nos conducen a formar una propia cosmovisión y conciencia.

Sigo los consejos y recomendaciones que daban los ancianos a los jóvenes en el escrito de Las enseñanzas atribuidas a Kagémnj, muerto 2.700 años a.de J. C. el cual dice: “Nadie nace sabio y el que sabe no debe ensoberbecerse: el fondo del conocimiento es inaccesible; una buena palabra sabia es más rara que la esmeralda… y quien es diligente en obedecer a su tiempo sabrá mandar”. Eso es lo que trataré de hacer en estos minutos.

La obra que hoy comento después de la introducción, tiene nueve capítulos, 206 citas bibliográficas, con autores que coincidencialmente han sido estudiados por el comentador y citados en un trabajo que posiblemente sea algo, o en una parte, paralelo a lo comentado.

Las temáticas desarrolladas por el autor, se generan desde las aparecidas en 1972 con el planteamiento del “pensamiento mágico de la medicina moderna”, seguido por el de “la nueva medicina china”; seis años después el autor escribe La medicina en

Effects of water stress on the photosynthetic assimilation and distribution of 14C-photosynthate in maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez y Huaman, C.A.; Cerri, C.C.

1984-01-01

The relationship between photosynthesis and distribution of 14 C-photosinthate as affected by water stress was evaluated. Corn (Zea mays L.) during the grain filling period and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during flowering, representing a C-4 and a C-3 photosynthetic type, respectively, were studied. (M.A.C.) [pt

Hubungan antara Zea mays L., Ostrinia furnacalis (Lep.:Pyralidae dan Beauveria bassiana Vuill.

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Itji Diana Daud

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Connection between Zea mays L., Ostrinia furnacalis (Lep.:Pyralidae and  Beauveria bassiana Vuill. The entomopatogen fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo, is obtained in the tissue of corn plant through submersion of seed in cinidia 1010/ml. Tissue observation showed that hifa B. bassiana appears when the plant attain the age of three weeks and when it reaches six weeks B bassiana appears in all sample plants. Hifa obtained in parenchyma tissue passively without causing illness the mother plant. The appearance of B. bassiana is remained until the 12th weeks of plant. Bio test of plan which contain the endofit of B. bassiana showed the percentage of tested insect mortality is 64%. The observation showed that the corn plant can still produce the toxin of beauverisin.

Chloroplasts in anther endothecium of Zea mays (Poaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, Katherine M; Egger, Rachel L; Walbot, Virginia

2015-11-01

Although anthers of Zea mays, Oryza sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana have been studied intensively using genetic and biochemical analyses in the past 20 years, few updates to anther anatomical and ultrastructural descriptions have been reported. For example, no transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the premeiotic maize anther have been published. Here we report the presence of chloroplasts in maize anthers. TEM imaging, electron acceptor photosynthesis assay, in planta photon detection, microarray analysis, and light and fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the presence of chloroplasts in the maize anther. Most cells of the maize subepidermal endothecium have starch-containing chloroplasts that do not conduct measurable photosynthesis in vitro. The maize anther contains chloroplasts in most subepidermal, endothecial cells. Although maize anthers receive sufficient light to photosynthesize in vivo and the maize anther transcribes >96% of photosynthesis-associated genes found in the maize leaf, no photosynthetic light reaction activity was detected in vitro. The endothecial cell layer should no longer be defined as a complete circle viewed transversely in anther lobes, because chloroplasts are observed only in cells directly beneath the epidermis and not those adjacent to the connective tissue. We propose that chloroplasts be a defining characteristic of differentiated endothecial cells and that nonsubepidermal endothecial cells that lack chloroplasts be defined as a separate cell type, the interendothecium. © 2015 Botanical Society of America.

Effect of citric acid on the proteolytic activity of Zea mays L. Efeito do ácido cítrico sobre a atividade proteolítica de Zea mays L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Manuel Martinez-Pacheco

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Hybrids of Zea mays L. (Buffalo, Falcon, H360 y HV313 were treated with citric acid (2000 ppm. Grain yield, soluble protein and proteolytic activity were monitored when the crop reached physiological maturity. Citric acid was applied before the appearance of the flag leaf, and induced an increase in the grain yield from 4222 to 5780 kg/ha, in the soluble protein from 6.34 to 7.91 mg/mg and into the proteolytic activity from 14.3 to 65.7 µU mg prot-1. This is an increase of 2 to 12 times in the Falcon, H360 and HV313 hybrids, while the Buffalo hybrid responded with less intensity to the treatment with citric acid. In the H360 hybrid treated with citric acid, an increase in the proteolytic activity of aspartyl serine proteases was observed. The results indicate that citric acid differentially induces proteolytic activity and vigor in the corn hybrids analyzed.Zea mays L. híbridos (Buffalo, Falcão, H360 e HV313 foram tratados com ácido cítrico (2000 ppm. O rendimento de grãos, proteína solúvel e atividade proteolítica foram monitorados na fase de maturação fisiológica do cultivo. O ácido cítrico aplicado antes do aparecimento da folha bandeira induziu um aumento na produção de grãos 4222 a 5780 kg/ha, na proteína solúvel de 6.34 7.91 mg/mg de peso seco e atividade proteolítica de 14.3 to 65.7 µU mg prot-1, esto é, um incremento de 2-12 vezes nos híbridos Falcao, H360 e HV313, enquanto o híbrido Buffalo responderam com menor intensidade ao tratamento com ácido cítrico. No híbrido H360, tratadas com ácido cítrico, apresentou-se um aumento na atividade proteolítica de aspartil proteases e serin protease. Os resultados indicam que o ácido cítrico diferencialmente induz a atividade proteolítica e o vigor de híbridos de milho testados.

A morphometric analysis of the redistribution of organelles in columella cells of horizontally-oriented roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.

1986-01-01

In order to determine what structural changes in graviperceptive cells are associated with onset of root gravicurvature, the redistribution of organelles in columella cells of horizontally-oriented, graviresponding roots of Zea mays has been quantified. Root gravicurvature began by 15 min after reorientation, and did not involve significant changes in the (i) volume of individual columella cells or amyloplasts, (ii) relative volume of any cellular organelle, (iii) number of amyloplasts per columella cell, or (iv) surface area of cellular location of endoplasmic reticulum. Sedimentation of amyloplasts began within 1 to 2 min after reorientation, and was characterized by an intensely staining area of cytoplasm adjacent to the sedimenting amyloplasts. By 5 min after reorientation, amyloplasts were located in the lower distal corner of columella cells, and, by 15 min after reorientation, overlaid the entire length of the lower cell wall. No consistent contact between amyloplasts and any cellular structure was detected at any stage of gravicurvature. Centrally-located nuclei initially migrated upward in columella cells of horizontally-oriented roots, after which they moved to the proximal ends of the cells by 15 min after reorientation. No significant pattern of redistribution of vacuoles, mitochondria, dictyosomes, or hyaloplasm was detected that correlated with the onset of gravicurvature. These results indicate that amyloplasts and nuclei are the only organelles whose movements correlate positively with the onset of gravicurvature by primary roots of this cultivar of Zea mays.

Recovery of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds and hybrids from chilling stress of various duration: plant development, photosynthesis and antioxidative enzymes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Holá, D.; Kočová, M.; Rothová, O.; Wilhelmová, Naděžda; Benešová, M.

2007-01-01

Roč. 164, - (2007), s. 868-877 ISSN 0176-1617 Grant - others:Univerzita Karlova v Praze / Přírodovědecká fakulta(CZ) GP522/02/D174 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Source of funding: V - iné verejné zdroje Keywords : Antioxidant enzymes * chilling * intraspecific variability * photosynthesis * recovery * Zea mays Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 2.239, year: 2007

Intraear Compensation of Field Corn, Zea mays, from Simulated and Naturally Occurring Injury by Ear-Feeding Larvae.

Science.gov (United States)

Steckel, S; Stewart, S D

2015-06-01

Ear-feeding larvae, such as corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), can be important insect pests of field corn, Zea mays L., by feeding on kernels. Recently introduced, stacked Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) traits provide improved protection from ear-feeding larvae. Thus, our objective was to evaluate how injury to kernels in the ear tip might affect yield when this injury was inflicted at the blister and milk stages. In 2010, simulated corn earworm injury reduced total kernel weight (i.e., yield) at both the blister and milk stage. In 2011, injury to ear tips at the milk stage affected total kernel weight. No differences in total kernel weight were found in 2013, regardless of when or how much injury was inflicted. Our data suggested that kernels within the same ear could compensate for injury to ear tips by increasing in size, but this increase was not always statistically significant or sufficient to overcome high levels of kernel injury. For naturally occurring injury observed on multiple corn hybrids during 2011 and 2012, our analyses showed either no or a minimal relationship between number of kernels injured by ear-feeding larvae and the total number of kernels per ear, total kernel weight, or the size of individual kernels. The results indicate that intraear compensation for kernel injury to ear tips can occur under at least some conditions. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Spatio-temporal diversification of the cell wall matrix materials in the developing stomatal complexes of Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Giannoutsou, E; Apostolakos, P; Galatis, B

2016-11-01

The matrix cell wall materials, in developing Zea mays stomatal complexes are asymmetrically distributed, a phenomenon appearing related to the local cell wall expansion and deformation, the establishment of cell polarity, and determination of the cell division plane. In cells of developing Zea mays stomatal complexes, definite cell wall regions expand determinately and become locally deformed. This differential cell wall behavior is obvious in the guard cell mother cells (GMCs) and the subsidiary cell mother cells (SMCs) that locally protrude towards the adjacent GMCs. The latter, emitting a morphogenetic stimulus, induce polarization/asymmetrical division in SMCs. Examination of immunolabeled specimens revealed that homogalacturonans (HGAs) with a high degree of de-esterification (2F4- and JIM5-HGA epitopes) and arabinogalactan proteins are selectively distributed in the extending and deformed cell wall regions, while their margins are enriched with rhamnogalacturonans (RGAs) containing highly branched arabinans (LM6-RGA epitope). In SMCs, the local cell wall matrix differentiation constitutes the first structural event, indicating the establishment of cell polarity. Moreover, in the premitotic GMCs and SMCs, non-esterified HGAs (2F4-HGA epitope) are preferentially localized in the cell wall areas outlining the cytoplasm where the preprophase band is formed. In these areas, the forthcoming cell plate fuses with the parent cell walls. These data suggest that the described heterogeneity in matrix cell wall materials is probably involved in: (a) local cell wall expansion and deformation, (b) the transduction of the inductive GMC stimulus, and (c) the determination of the division plane in GMCs and SMCs.

Purification and characterization of recombinant protein kinase CK2 from Zea mays expressed in Escherichia coli

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Riera, Marta; Pages, Montserrat; Issinger, Olaf Georg

2003-01-01

Recombinant protein kinase subunits rmCK2alpha-1 and rmCK2beta-1 from Zea mays were expressed separately in Escherichia coli and assembled to a fully active tetrameric holoenzyme complex in vitro. The obtained maize holoenzyme was purified to homogeneity, biochemically characterized, and compared...... to CK2 from human. Kinetic measurements of the recombinant maize holoenzyme (rmCK2) revealed k(cat) values for ATP and GTP of 4 and 2s(-1), respectively; whereas the recombinant maize catalytic subunit showed almost equal values for ATP and GTP, i.e., ca. 0.8s(-1). A comparison of the k(cat)/K(m) ratio...

In vitro gibberellin A1 binding in Zea mays L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keith, B.; Rappaport, L.

1987-01-01

The first and second leaf sheaths of Zea mays L. cv Golden Jubilee were extracted and the extract centrifuged at 100,000g to yield a supernatant or cytosol fraction. Binding of [ 3 H]gibberellin A 1 (GA 1 ) to a soluble macromolecular component present in the cytosol was demonstrated at 4 0 C by Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The binding component was of high molecular weight (HMW) and greater than 500 kilodaltons. The HMW component was shown to be a protein and the 3 H-activity bound to this protein was largely [ 3 H]GA 1 and not a metabolite. Binding was pH sensitive but only a small percentage (20%) appeared to be exchangeable on addition of unlabeled GA 1 . Both biologically active and inactive GAs and non-GAs were able to inhibit GA 1 binding. [ 3 H]GA 1 binding to an intermediate molecular weight (IMW) fraction (40-100 kilodaltons) was also detected, provided cytosol was first desalted using Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Gel filtration studies suggest that the HMW binding component is an aggregate derived from the IMW fraction. The HMW binding fraction can be separated into two components using anion exchange chromatography

Effects on the accumulation of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc of adding the two inorganic forms of selenium to solution cultures of Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Longchamp, M; Angeli, N; Castrec-Rouelle, M

2016-01-01

The addition of selenate or selenite to common fertilizers for crop production could be an effective way of producing selenium-rich food and feed. However, this would be feasible only if the increase in plant selenium (Se) content did not negatively influence the uptake of other essential elements. We therefore need to understand the interactions between Se and other major and trace elements during uptake by the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of inorganic forms of Se on the accumulation of selected macronutrients (Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu). Those essential elements are involved in the oxidative balance of cells. Zea mays seedlings were grown hydroponically in growth chambers in nutrient solutions to which we added 10, 50 or 1000 μg.L(-1) of selenate and/or selenite. Cation accumulation was significantly affected by the addition of 50 μg.L(-1) or 1000 μg.L(-1) Se, but not by the presence of 10 μg.L(-1) of Se in the nutrient solution. The highest concentration (1000 μg.L(-1)) of Se in the nutrient solution affected the accumulation of essential cations in Zea mays: selenate tended to increase the accumulation of Mg, Zn and Mn, whereas a selenate/selenite mixture tended to decrease the accumulation of Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn. Only Fe accumulation was unaffected by Se whatever its form or concentration. Selenium may also affect the distribution of cations on Zea mays. For example, levels of Mg and Zn translocation to the shoots were lower in the presence of selenite. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Plant growth regulators ameliorate or exacerbate abiotic and biotic stress effects on Zea mays kernel weight in a genotype-specific manner

OpenAIRE

Wang, Yishi; Stutts, Lauren; Stapleton, Ann

2016-01-01

Plant growth regulators have documented roles in plant responses to single stresses. In combined-stress environments, plants display novel genetic architecture for growth traits and the response to growth regulators is unclear. We investigated the role of plant growth regulators in combined-stress responses in Zea mays. Twelve maize inbreds were exposed to all combinations of the following stressors: drought, nitrogen, and density stress. Chemical treatments were utilized to alter balances of...

Uronide Deposition Rates in the Primary Root of Zea mays1

Science.gov (United States)

Silk, Wendy Kuhn; Walker, Robert C.; Labavitch, John

1984-01-01

The spatial distribution of the rate of deposition of uronic acids in the elongation zone of Zea mays L. Crow WF9 × Mo 17 was determined using the continuity equation with experimentally determined values for uronide density and growth velocity. In spatial terms, the uronide deposition rate has a maximum of 0.4 micrograms per millimeter per hour at s = 3.5 mm (i.e., at the location 3.5 mm from the root tip) and decreases to 0.1 mg mm−1 h−1 by s = 10 mm. In terms of a material tissue element, a tissue segment located initially from s = 2.0 to s = 2.1 mm has 0.14 μg of uronic acids and increases in both length and uronic acid content until it is 0.9 mm long and has 0.7 μg of uronide when its center is at s = 10 mm. Simulations of radioactive labeling experiments show that 15 min is the appropriate time scale for pulse determinations of deposition rate profiles in a rapidly growing corn root. PMID:16663488

Comparative Cytotoxicity of the Herbicide Atrazine to Four Inbred Maize Lines (Zea mays L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shehata, Afaf I; AlGhethar, Haila A; AlHomaidan, Ali A; Arif, Ibrahim A

2008-01-01

Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Recent reports have indicated that it has adverse impacts on the endocrine systems and on the early developments of wild animals and it has been banned in many European countries including Switzerland, the home of the manufacturing company. The genotoxic effects of Atrazine on four inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated. The herbicide showed mitoinhibition and clastogenic effects on the mitotic index of maize lines and they were proportional to the concentrations and time. The frequency of abnormality, chromosomal breakage, stickiness, lagging, C-metaphase and C-anaphase were observed at different stages of mitosis in treated cells. The harmful effect of this environmental pollutant proved that it may act as a strong mutagen. (author)

A Network Approach of Gene Co-expression in the Zea mays/Aspergillus flavus Pathosystem to Map Host/Pathogen Interaction Pathways

OpenAIRE

Musungu, Bryan M.; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Brown, Robert L.; Payne, Gary A.; OBrian, Greg; Fakhoury, Ahmad M.; Geisler, Matt

2016-01-01

A gene co-expression network (GEN) was generated using a dual RNA-seq study with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus and its plant host Zea mays during the initial 3 days of infection. The analysis deciphered novel pathways and mapped genes of interest in both organisms during the infection. This network revealed a high degree of connectivity in many of the previously recognized pathways in Z. mays such as jasmonic acid, ethylene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). For the pathogen A. flav...

Oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid to oxindole-3-acetic acid by an enzyme preparation from Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Reinecke, D. M.; Bandurski, R. S.

1988-01-01

Indole-3-acetic acid is oxidized to oxindole-3-acetic acid by Zea mays tissue extracts. Shoot, root, and endosperm tissues have enzyme activities of 1 to 10 picomoles per hour per milligram protein. The enzyme is heat labile, is soluble, and requires oxygen for activity. Cofactors of mixed function oxygenase, peroxidase, and intermolecular dioxygenase are not stimulatory to enzymic activity. A heat-stable, detergent-extractable component from corn enhances enzyme activity 6- to 10-fold. This is the first demonstration of the in vitro enzymic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid to oxindole-3-acetic acid in higher plants.

Acclimation improves salt stress tolerance in Zea mays plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Pandolfi, Camilla; Azzarello, Elisa; Mancuso, Stefano; Shabala, Sergey

2016-08-20

Plants exposure to low level salinity activates an array of processes leading to an improvement of plant stress tolerance. Although the beneficial effect of acclimation was demonstrated in many herbaceous species, underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. In the present study we have addressed this issue by investigating ionic mechanisms underlying the process of plant acclimation to salinity stress in Zea mays. Effect of acclimation were examined in two parallel sets of experiments: a growth experiment for agronomic assessments, sap analysis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and confocal laser scanning imaging; and a lab experiment for in vivo ion flux measurements from root tissues. Being exposed to salinity, acclimated plants (1) retain more K(+) but accumulate less Na(+) in roots; (2) have better vacuolar Na(+) sequestration ability in leaves and thus are capable of accumulating larger amounts of Na(+) in the shoot without having any detrimental effect on leaf photochemistry; and (3) rely more on Na(+) for osmotic adjustment in the shoot. At the same time, acclimation affect was not related in increased root Na(+) exclusion ability. It appears that even in a such salt-sensitive species as maize, Na(+) exclusion from uptake is of a much less importance compared with the efficient vacuolar Na(+) sequestration in the shoot. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Can 4-H/FCS Curricula and Program Activities Increase Self-Esteem in At-Risk Youth Ages 8-15?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walter Barker

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Nationally 4-H programs develop educational strategies and provide opportunities for youth and adults to work in partnership as they develop life skills. This study looks at some curricula that enhance self-esteem in at-risk youth ages 8 to 15. The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Instrument (CSI measured changes in participants’ self-esteem while the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument (MAYSl, used only at the onset of the study, alert the staff of potential mental/emotional distress and other behavior that might require an immediate response. The CSI results showed increases in self-esteem. Girls showed a higher increase in self-esteem over the boys.

[CONTENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN BLOOD PLASMA UNDER THE ACTION OF EXTRACTS OF GRATIOLA OFFICINALIS L., HELICHRYSUM ARENARIUM (L.) MOENCH, AND ANTHOCYANIN FORMS OF ZEA MAYS L].

Science.gov (United States)

Durnova, N A; Afanas'eva, G A; Kurchatova, M N; Zaraeva, N V; Golikov, A G; Bucharskaya, A B; Golikov, A G; Bucharskaya, A B; Plastun, V O; Andreeva, N V

2015-01-01

The effect of aqueous solutions of dry ethanol extracts of Gratiola officinalis L., Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, and anthocyanin forms of Zea mays L. on the dioxidin-induced lipid peroxidation in blood has been studied on rats. It is established that all these extracts are capable of reducing the amount of avera- ge-mass (AM) molecules and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in rat blood plasma. The extract of Gratiola officinalis L. reduces the concentration of AM and MDA moleules by 43%. The extract of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench reduces the concentration of AM molecules on the average by 18.66% (within 9.22 -34.81%) and MDA by 49.36% (within 34.12-79.75%). The Extract of anthocyanin forms of Zea mays L. does not reduce the concentration of AM mo- lecules, but reduces the amount of MDA in the blood of rats on average by 27.88% (within 21.58-37.82%) (p < 0.01).

Oxidative damage and cell-programmed death induced in Zea mays L. by allelochemical stress.

Science.gov (United States)

Ciniglia, Claudia; Mastrobuoni, Francesco; Scortichini, Marco; Petriccione, Milena

2015-05-01

The allelochemical stress on Zea mays was analyzed by using walnut husk washing waters (WHWW), a by-product of Juglans regia post-harvest process, which possesses strong allelopathic potential and phytotoxic effects. Oxidative damage and cell-programmed death were induced by WHWW in roots of maize seedlings. Treatment induced ROS burst, with excess of H2O2 content. Enzymatic activities of catalase were strongly increased during the first hours of exposure. The excess in malonildialdehyde following exposure to WHWW confirmed that oxidative stress severely damaged maize roots. Membrane alteration caused a decrease in NADPH oxidase activity along with DNA damage as confirmed by DNA laddering. The DNA instability was also assessed through sequence-related amplified polymorphism assay, thus suggesting the danger of walnut processing by-product and focusing the attention on the necessity of an efficient treatment of WHWW.

Stem characteristics of two forage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars varying in whole plant digestibility. III. Intra-stem variability in anatomy, chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boon, E.J.M.C.; Struik, P.C.; Tamminga, S.; Engels, F.M.; Cone, J.W.

2008-01-01

The internodes of forage maize (Zea mays L.) stems were studied at anthesis for variation in anatomy and chemical composition in relation to digestibility. The study was carried out with a short (Vitaro) and a tall (Volens) cultivar differing in whole-plant digestibility, both of which were grown in

Pengaruh Jenis Dan Waktu Pemberian Bokashi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays L. Saccharata Sturt) Varietas Super Sweet

OpenAIRE

Setiani, Wike

2014-01-01

Effect of Type and Bokashi Application Time on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt), Super Sweet variety. Objectives of the research were to know the effect of Bokashi types and application time as well as their interactions on the growth and yield of sweet maize. The research lasted for about four months, started from February 2013 to May 2013, carried out in Dempar Village, Nyuatan Sub-District of West Kutai District, East Kalimantan Province. The research em...

Characteristics of Analog Rice From Potato Flour (Solanum Tuberosom L.) Corn Flour (Zea Mays L.) and Sago Flour (Arenga Microcarpa Beccari)

OpenAIRE

Korompis, Olga S; Mamuaja, Christine F; Mandey, Lucia C

2016-01-01

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and sago (Arenga microcarpa Beccari) are crops containing high carbohydrate, as source of calory food, and those can be made into rice analog. This study aimed: (1) to determine the formulations by organoleptic test in manufacture analog rice from potato flour, corn flour and sago flour, and (2) to analyze the physical properties, chemical properties of rice analog from potato flour with the addition of corn flour and sago flour. The research ...

Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Stress on some Mineral Nutrients and Photosynthetic Apparatus of Zea mays L. and Vigna unguiculata L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The study investigated the responses of maize (Zea mays L. and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. seedlings metabolic activities and photosynthetic apparatus to nitrogen nutritional stress. Germination of seeds was done using treated sand in sixty plastic pots and the seedlings were divided into four nutrient regimes. A group of the seedlings was nutrient stressed by administering 200 ml of complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen (-N while the other groups were fed with five times (X5N and ten times (X10N the optimal concentration of nitrogen and the last regime was fed with full nutrient solution (FN. The photosynthetic parameters studied included chlorophylls ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively; carotenes and xanthophyll while the mineral elements investigated include potassium, calcium and magnesium. The result of the growth analysis showed that nitrogen deficiency promotes an increase in the content of abscisic acid (ABA, causing stomatal closure and a reduction in photosynthesis. This explains the higher rate of leaf abscission in -N plants. A comparison of calcium ion and magnesium ion concentrations in both optimal and stressed conditions reveals that the two ions show antagonism in uptake. There is a correlation between nitrogen and magnesium accumulation as magnesium ion plays a vital role in chlorophyll biosynthesis, protein synthesis and photosynthesis. The pattern of accumulation of photosynthetic apparatus in both maize and cowpea follow a similar pattern. Chlorophyll a dictated the growth pattern of other photosynthetic apparatus in both Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata.

Response to gravity by Zea mays seedlings. I. Time course of the response

Science.gov (United States)

Bandurski, R. S.; Schulze, A.; Dayanandan, P.; Kaufman, P. B.

1984-01-01

Gravistimulation induces an asymmetric distribution of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the cortex-epidermis of the Zea mays L. cv 'Stowells Evergreen' mesocotyl within 15 minutes, the shortest time tested. IAA was measured by an isotope dilution method as the pentaflurobenzyl ester. The per cent IAA in the lower half of the mescotyl cortex was 56 to 57% at 15, 30, and 90 minutes after stimulus initiation. Curvature is detectable in the mescotyl within 3 minutes after beginning gravitropic stimulation. The rate of curvature of the mesocotyl increases during the first 60 minutes to maximum of about 30 degrees per hour. Thus, the growth asymmetry continues to increase for 45 minutes after hormone asymmetry is established. Free IAA occurs predominantly in the stele of the mesocotyl whereas esterified IAA is mainly in the mesocotyl cortex-epidermis. This compartmentation may permit determining in which tissue the hormone asymmetry arises. Current data suggest the asymmetry originated in the stele.

Root graviresponsiveness and columella cell structure in carotenoid-deficient seedlings of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; McClelen, C. E.

1985-01-01

Root graviresponsiveness in normal and carotenoid-deficient mutant seedlings of Zea mays was not significantly different. Columella cells in roots of mutant seedlings were characterized by fewer, smaller, and a reduced relative volume of plastids as compared to columella cells of normal seedlings. Plastids in columella cells of mutant seedlings possessed reduced amounts of starch. Although approximately 10 per cent of the columella cells in mutant seedlings lacked starch, their plastids were located at the bottom of the cell. These results suggest that (i) carotenoids are not necessary for root gravitropism, (ii) graviresponsiveness is not necessarily proportional to the size, number, or relative volume of plastids in columella cells, and (iii) sedimentation of plastids in columella cells may not result directly from their increased density due to starch content. Plastids in columella cells of normal and mutant seedlings were associated with bands of microtubule-like structures, suggesting that these structures may be involved in 'positioning' plastids in the cell.

Field performance of maize (Zea mays L. cultivars under drought stress

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Kazem GHASSEMI-GOLEZANI

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This research was carried out in 2014 at the Research Farm of the University of Tabriz, Iran. The experiment was arranged as split plot on the basis of randomized complete block with three replicates to assess the effects of four irrigation intervals (irrigations after 60, 80, 100 and 120 mm evaporation on physiological and agronomical traits of three cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.; ‘SC704’, ‘NS640’, ‘DC303’: late, mid and early maturing, respectively. Irrigation intervals and maize cultivars were assigned to the main and sub-plots, respectively. Leaf temperature of all maize cultivars significantly increased, but chlorophyll content index, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, number of grains per plant, 1000 grain mass, plant biomass, grain yield and harvest index significantly decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. Late maturing cultivar (‘SC704’ was superior in all studied traits, followed by mid (‘NS640’ and early (‘DC303’ maturing cultivars. It was concluded that water limitation can potentially reduce performance of maize cultivars in the field, but the extent of this reduction depends on genotype and severity of stress.

Identification of polysaccharide hydrolases involved in autolytic degradation of Zea cell walls

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nock, L.P.; Smith, C.J.

1987-01-01

Cell walls of Zea mays (cv L.G.11) seedlings labeled with 14 C were treated with α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis to remove starch and mixed linkage glucans. These walls released arabinose, xylose, galactose, and galacturonic acid in addition to glucose when they were allowed to autolyze. Methylation analysis was performed on samples of wall which had been incubated autolytically and the results indicated that degradation of the major polymer of the wall, the glucoarabinoxylan, had occurred. A number of glycanases could be dissociated from the wall by use of 3 M LiCL. The proteins which were released were found to contain a number of exoglycosidase activities in addition to being effective in degrading the polysaccharide substrates, araban, xylan, galactan, laminarin, mannan, and polygalacturonic acid. The effects of these enzymes on the wall during autolysis appear to result from endo-activity in addition to exo-activity. The structural changes that occurred in the cell walls during autolysis were found to be related to the changes previously found to occur in cell walls during auxin induced extension

Calcium-regulated in vivo protein phosphorylation in Zea mays L. root tips

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Raghothama, K. G.; Reddy, A. S.; Friedmann, M.; Poovaiah, B. W.

1987-01-01

Calcium dependent protein phosphorylation was studied in corn (Zea mays L.) root tips. Prior to in vivo protein phosphorylation experiments, the effect of calcium, ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N-N' -tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and calcium ionophore (A-23187) on phosphorus uptake was studied. Calcium increased phosphorus uptake, whereas EGTA and A-23187 decreased it. Consequently, phosphorus concentration in the media was adjusted so as to attain similar uptake in different treatments. Phosphoproteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Distinct changes in phosphorylation were observed following altered calcium levels. Calcium depletion in root tips with EGTA and A-23187 decreased protein phosphorylation. However, replenishment of calcium following EGTA and ionophore pretreatment enhanced phosphorylation of proteins. Preloading of the root tips with 32P in the presence of EGTA and A-23187 followed by a ten minute calcium treatment, resulted in increased phosphorylation indicating the involvement of calcium, calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinases. Calmodulin antagonist W-7 was effective in inhibiting calcium-promoted phosphorylation. These studies suggest a physiological role for calcium-dependent phosphorylation in calcium-mediated processes in plants.

Targeted mutagenesis in Zea mays using TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas system.

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Liang, Zhen; Zhang, Kang; Chen, Kunling; Gao, Caixia

2014-02-20

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems have emerged as powerful tools for genome editing in a variety of species. Here, we report, for the first time, targeted mutagenesis in Zea mays using TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas system. We designed five TALENs targeting 4 genes, namely ZmPDS, ZmIPK1A, ZmIPK, ZmMRP4, and obtained targeting efficiencies of up to 23.1% in protoplasts, and about 13.3% to 39.1% of the transgenic plants were somatic mutations. Also, we constructed two gRNAs targeting the ZmIPK gene in maize protoplasts, at frequencies of 16.4% and 19.1%, respectively. In addition, the CRISPR/Cas system induced targeted mutations in Z. mays protoplasts with efficiencies (13.1%) similar to those obtained with TALENs (9.1%). Our results show that both TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas system can be used for genome modification in maize. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Identification of two frataxin isoforms in Zea mays: Structural and functional studies.

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Buchensky, Celeste; Sánchez, Manuel; Carrillo, Martin; Palacios, Oscar; Capdevila, Mercè; Domínguez-Vera, Jose M; Busi, Maria V; Atrian, Sílvia; Pagani, Maria A; Gomez-Casati, Diego F

2017-09-01

Frataxin is a ubiquitous protein that plays a role in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis and iron and heme metabolism, although its molecular functions are not entirely clear. In non-photosynthetic eukaryotes, frataxin is encoded by a single gene, and the protein localizes to mitochondria. Here we report the presence of two functional frataxin isoforms in Zea mays, ZmFH-1 and ZmFH-2. We confirmed our previous findings regarding plant frataxins: both proteins have dual localization in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Physiological, biochemical and biophysical studies show some differences in the expression pattern, protection against oxidants and in the aggregation state of both isoforms, suggesting that the two frataxin homologs would play similar but not identical roles in plant cell metabolism. In addition, two specific features of plant frataxins were evidenced: their ability to form dimers and their tendency to undergo conformational change under oxygen exposure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays, L. VARIETAS BISI-2 PADA PASIR REJECT DAN PASIR ASLI DI PANTAI TRISIK KULONPROGO (The Growth of Maize Crop (Zea mays L. BISI-2 Variety on Rejected and non Rejected Sand at Pantai Trisik Kulon Progo

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Diah Ekowati

2011-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Lahan pasir di pesisir Kabupaten Kulon Progo yang sekarang ditanami berbagai komoditi pertanian seperti cabe, semangka, jagung akan ditambang untuk diekstrak mineral besinya. Rencananya setelah diekstrak mineral besinya, pasir sisa (pasir reject akan dikembalikan sebagai material reklamasi untuk dapat ditanami kembali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan media tanam berupa pasir reject dan pasir asli serta dosis pupuk kandang dan pupuk NPK pada pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L. varietas BISI-2 di Pantai Trisik Kulon Progo. Dosis pupuk yang diberikan ialah 0 Kg pupuk kandang dan 0 g NPK (kontrol; 0 Kg pupuk kandang dan 75 g NPK; 2,5 Kg pupuk kandang dan 0 g NPK; 1,25 Kg pupuk kandang dan 112,5 g NPK; 2,5 Kg pupuk kandang dan 75 g pupuk NPK; dan 3,75 Kg pupuk kandang dan 37,5 g NPK. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering tajuk, waktu berbunga, jumlah tongkol, berat tongkol, panjang tongkol, dan diameter tongkol. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan analisis variansi (Anava dan uji lanjut dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata tinggi, jumlah daun, berat kering tajuk, jumlah tongkol, berat tongkol, panjang tongkol dan diameter tongkol tanaman jagung pada pasir reject lebih tinggi daripada pasir asli sedangkan rerata waktu berbunga tanaman jagung pada pasir reject lebih lama daripada pasir asli. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman jagung paling optimal diperoleh pada dosis 1,25 Kg pupuk kandang dan 112,5 g pupuk NPK sedangkan pertumbuhan generatif tanaman jagung paling optimal diperoleh pada dosis 3,75 Kg pupuk kandang dan 37,5 g pupuk NPK.   ABSTRACT Sand in the coastal District of Kulon Progo land which is now planted with various agricultural commodities such as pepper, watermelon, corn, will be mined to extract its iron minerals. In the mining plan, after the iron

The influence of gravity on the formation of amyloplasts in columella cells of Zea mays L

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Moore, R.; Fondren, W. M.; Koon, E. C.; Wang, C. L.

1986-01-01

Columella (i.e., putative graviperceptive) cells of Zea mays seedlings grown in the microgravity of outer space allocate significantly less volume to putative statoliths (amyloplasts) than do columella cells of Earth-grown seedlings. Amyloplasts of flight-grown seedlings are significantly smaller than those of ground controls, as is the average volume of individual starch grains. Similarly, the relative volume of starch in amyloplasts in columella cells of flight-grown seedlings is significantly less than that of Earth-grown seedlings. Microgravity does not significantly alter the volume of columella cells, the average number of amyloplasts per columella cell, or the number of starch grains per amyloplast. These results are discussed relative to the influence of gravity on cellular and organellar structure.

Flooding tolerance in interspecific introgression lines containing chromosome segments from teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis) in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays)

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Mano, Y.; Omori, F.

2013-01-01

Background and Aims Nicaraguan teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis), a species found in frequently flooded areas, provides useful germplasm for breeding flooding-tolerant maize (Z. mays subsp. mays). The objective of this study was to select flooding-tolerant lines using a library of introgression lines (ILs), each containing a chromosome segment from Z. nicaraguensis in the maize inbred line Mi29. Methods To produce the ILs, a single F1 plant derived from a cross between maize Mi29 and Z. nicaraguensis was backcrossed to Mi29 three times, self-pollinated four times and genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers. Flooding tolerance was evaluated at the seedling stage under reducing soil conditions. Key Results By backcrossing and selfing, a series of 45 ILs were developed covering nearly the entire maize genome. Five flooding-tolerant lines were identified from among the ILs by evaluating leaf injury. Among these, line IL#18, containing a Z. nicaraguensis chromosome segment on the long arm of chromosome 4, showed the greatest tolerance to flooding, suggesting the presence of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) in that region. The presence of the QTL was verified by examining flooding tolerance in a population segregating for the candidate region of chromosome 4. There was no significant relationship between the capacity to form constitutive aerenchyma and flooding tolerance in the ILs, indicating the presence of other factors related to flooding tolerance under reducing soil conditions. Conclusions A flooding-tolerant genotype, IL#18, was identified; this genotype should be useful for maize breeding. In addition, because the chromosome segments of Z. nicaraguensis in the ILs cover nearly the entire genome and Z. nicaraguensis possesses several unique traits related to flooding tolerance, the ILs should be valuable material for additional QTL detection and the development of flooding-tolerant maize lines. PMID:23877074

Flooding tolerance in interspecific introgression lines containing chromosome segments from teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis) in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Mano, Y; Omori, F

2013-10-01

Nicaraguan teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis), a species found in frequently flooded areas, provides useful germplasm for breeding flooding-tolerant maize (Z. mays subsp. mays). The objective of this study was to select flooding-tolerant lines using a library of introgression lines (ILs), each containing a chromosome segment from Z. nicaraguensis in the maize inbred line Mi29. To produce the ILs, a single F1 plant derived from a cross between maize Mi29 and Z. nicaraguensis was backcrossed to Mi29 three times, self-pollinated four times and genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers. Flooding tolerance was evaluated at the seedling stage under reducing soil conditions. By backcrossing and selfing, a series of 45 ILs were developed covering nearly the entire maize genome. Five flooding-tolerant lines were identified from among the ILs by evaluating leaf injury. Among these, line IL#18, containing a Z. nicaraguensis chromosome segment on the long arm of chromosome 4, showed the greatest tolerance to flooding, suggesting the presence of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) in that region. The presence of the QTL was verified by examining flooding tolerance in a population segregating for the candidate region of chromosome 4. There was no significant relationship between the capacity to form constitutive aerenchyma and flooding tolerance in the ILs, indicating the presence of other factors related to flooding tolerance under reducing soil conditions. A flooding-tolerant genotype, IL#18, was identified; this genotype should be useful for maize breeding. In addition, because the chromosome segments of Z. nicaraguensis in the ILs cover nearly the entire genome and Z. nicaraguensis possesses several unique traits related to flooding tolerance, the ILs should be valuable material for additional QTL detection and the development of flooding-tolerant maize lines.

Aislamiento e identificación de cepas de Azospirillum sp. y evaluación de su capacidad para suplir las necesidades de nitrógeno en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) semihidroponico con dos sustratos diferentes bajo invernadero. Quito, Cayambe, Ecuador 2011.

OpenAIRE

Reyes Campaña, Alex Ramiro

2011-01-01

The corn, (Zea mays) L. is a basic crop in ecuadorian agriculture, which is why the search for environmentally friendly nitrogen fertilization of low cost doesn’t cease to be important. One of these options is the use of bio-fertilizers, for which the nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospirillum sp. can be used. The objective of this work is to isolate and identify Azospirillum sp. stumps, and evaluate its capacity to provide the nitrogen’s needs in the semi-hydroponic crop, , (Zea mays) L. withi...

A gradient of endogenous calcium forms in mucilage of graviresponding roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; Fondren, W. M.

1988-01-01

Agar blocks that contacted the upper sides of tips of horizontally-oriented roots of Zea mays contain significantly less calcium (Ca) than blocks that contacted the lower sides of such roots. This gravity-induced gradient of Ca forms prior to the onset of gravicurvature, and does not form across tips of vertically-oriented roots or roots of agravitropic mutants. These results indicate that (1) Ca can be collected from mucilage of graviresponding roots, (2) gravity induces a downward movement of endogenous Ca in mucilage overlying the root tip, (3) this gravity-induced gradient of Ca does not form across tips of agravitropic roots, and (4) formation of a Ca gradient is not a consequence of gravicurvature. These results are consistent with gravity-induced movement of Ca being a trigger for subsequent redistribution of growth effectors (e.g. auxin) that induce differential growth and gravicurvature.

Collection of gravitropic effectors from mucilage of electrotropically-stimulated roots of Zea mays L

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Fondren, W. M.; Moore, R.

1987-01-01

We placed agar blocks adjacent to tips of electrotropically stimulated primary roots of Zea mays. Blocks placed adjacent to the anode-side of the roots for 3 h induced significant curvature when subsequently placed asymmetrically on tips of vertically-oriented roots. Curvature was always toward the side of the root unto which the agar block was placed. Agar blocks not contacting roots and blocks placed adjacent to the cathode-side of electrotropically stimulated roots did not induce significant curvature when placed asymmetrically on tips of vertically-oriented roots. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry indicated that blocks adjacent to the anode-side of electrotropically-stimulated roots contained significantly more calcium than (1) blocks not contacting roots, and (2) blocks contacting the cathode-side of roots. These results demonstrate the presence of a gradient of endogenous Ca in mucilage of electrotropically-stimulated roots (i.e. roots undergoing gravitropic-like curvature).

Graviresponsiveness of surgically altered primary roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Maimon, E.; Moore, R.

1991-01-01

We examined the gravitropic responses of surgically altered primary roots of Zea mays to determine the route by which gravitropic inhibitors move from the root tip to the elongating zone. Horizontally oriented roots, from which a 1-mm-wide girdle of epidermis plus 2-10 layers of cortex were removed from the apex of the elongating zone, curve downward. However, curvature occurred only apical to the girdle. Filling the girdle with mucilage-like material transmits curvature beyond the girdle. Vertically oriented roots with a half-girdle' (i.e. the epidermis and 2-10 layers of the cortex removed from half of the circumference of the apex of the elongating zone) curve away from the girdle. Inserting the half-girdle at the base of the elongating zone induces curvature towards the girdle. Filling the half-circumference girdles with mucilage-like material reduced curvature significantly. Stripping the epidermis and outer 2-5 layers of cortex from the terminal 1.5 cm of one side of a primary root induces curvature towards the cut, irrespective of the root's orientation to gravity. This effect is not due to desiccation since treated roots submerged in water also curved towards their cut surface. Coating a root's cut surface with a mucilage-like substance minimizes curvature. These results suggest that the outer cell-layers of the root, especially the epidermis, play an important role in root gravicurvature, and the gravitropic signals emanating from the root tip can move apoplastically through mucilage.

Genome-wide comparative in silico analysis of the RNA helicase gene family in Zea mays and Glycine max: a comparison with Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Ruirui; Zhang, Shizhong; Huang, Jinguang; Zheng, Chengchao

2013-01-01

RNA helicases are enzymes that are thought to unwind double-stranded RNA molecules in an energy-dependent fashion through the hydrolysis of NTP. RNA helicases are associated with all processes involving RNA molecules, including nuclear transcription, editing, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, RNA export, and organelle gene expression. The involvement of RNA helicase in response to stress and in plant growth and development has been reported previously. While their importance in Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa has been partially studied, the function of RNA helicase proteins is poorly understood in Zea mays and Glycine max. In this study, we identified a total of RNA helicase genes in Arabidopsis and other crop species genome by genome-wide comparative in silico analysis. We classified the RNA helicase genes into three subfamilies according to the structural features of the motif II region, such as DEAD-box, DEAH-box and DExD/H-box, and different species showed different patterns of alternative splicing. Secondly, chromosome location analysis showed that the RNA helicase protein genes were distributed across all chromosomes with different densities in the four species. Thirdly, phylogenetic tree analyses identified the relevant homologs of DEAD-box, DEAH-box and DExD/H-box RNA helicase proteins in each of the four species. Fourthly, microarray expression data showed that many of these predicted RNA helicase genes were expressed in different developmental stages and different tissues under normal growth conditions. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of 10 genes in Arabidopsis and 13 genes in Zea mays were in close agreement with the microarray expression data. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comparative genome-wide analysis of the RNA helicase gene family in Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, Zea mays and Glycine max. This study provides valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of

Determinantes de la precarización laboral en Argentina entre 2003-2013: entre los cambios y las continuidades

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Marcelo Delfini

2016-03-01

Full Text Available El crecimiento económico experimentado por Argentina desde 2003 ha tenido su correlato en la mejora de los indicadores laborales. No obstante, la precarización laboral se ha mantenido, luego de una baja importante hasta el año 2007, en valores muy elevados. Partiendo de la idea central que la precarización constituye para el capital, una reducción de costos, el objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de los determinantes de la informalidad entre los trabajadores asalariados, estableciendo continuidades y cambios entre los años 2003 y 2013. Para ello utilizamos una metodología cuantitativa con fuentes secundarias de información, a partir de las cuales realizamos dos tipo de análisis, el primero de carácter descriptivo a partir del cual se busca dar cuenta de las características del mercado de trabajo argentino entre 1990 y 2013 y el segundo se realiza por medio de una regresión logística binomial, que permite acercarnos a los determinantes de la precarización de las condiciones de trabajo. En este sentido, se pudo observar que entre los años 2003 y 2013, se consolidó una precarización laboral, cuyos determinantes no lograron modificarse sustancialmente entre los años de referencia.

Estudio molecular preliminar de accesiones de maíz (Zea maysL. criollo e indígena Colombiano, utilizando una región de ADN cloroplástico

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Ediel Armando Revelo Portilla

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se exploró en forma preliminar la diversidad genética existente en las 23 razas de maíz criollo e indígena descritas para Colombia por Roberts y colaboradores (1957, para el efecto se evaluaron 28 cebadores nucleares y cloroplásticos. Catorce de ellos amplificaron en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR y fueron enviados para secuenciar a Macrogen Inc. (Corea. Mediante programas bioinformáticos (BioEdit 7.1.0, ClustalW versión 1.81, EditPlus Text Editor versión 3.20 y Gblock 0.91b 8 se encontró que ocho de estos cebadores presentaron un nivel alto de polimorfismo. La región genómica cloroplástica AtpB-1-RbcL-1 mostró el mayor polimorfismo y por tanto se utilizó para evaluar 23 materiales representativos de las 23 razas conservadas en el Banco de Germoplasma del CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo en México. Con el análisis de secuencias se revalidaron y confrontaron los grupos raciales obtenidos en el presente estudio -tres razas primitivas, siete razas probablemente introducidas, y 13 razas híbridas colombianas- con aquellos establecidos por Roberts y colaboradores, en los cuales se encontraron dos razas primitivas, nueve probablemente introducidas y 12 híbridas colombianas y con los grupos establecidos por Cardona (2010 utilizando la metodología Ward-MLM para los mismos caracteres descritos por Roberts et al. (1957, donde se encontraron cinco razas primitivas, siete probablemente introducidas y nueve híbridas colombianas. Con base en lo anterior, en el presente trabajo se hizo un aporte metodológico para revalidar datos históricos y redefinir grupos raciales.

The Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) voltage-gated sodium channel and mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in field-collected adult males.

Science.gov (United States)

Hopkins, B W; Pietrantonio, P V

2010-05-01

Helicoverpa zea is one of the most costly insect pests of food and fiber crops throughout the Americas. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely applied for its control as they are effective and relatively inexpensive; however, resistance to pyrethroids threatens agricultural systems sustainability because alternative insecticides are often more expensive or less effective. Although pyrethroid resistance has been identified in this pest since 1990, the mechanisms of resistance have not yet been elucidated at the molecular level. Pyrethroids exert their toxicity by prolonging the open state of the voltage-gated sodium channel. Here we report the cDNA sequence of the H. zea sodium channel alpha-subunit homologous to the para gene from Drosophila melanogaster. In field-collected males which were resistant to cypermethrin as determined by the adult vial test, we identify known resistance-conferring mutations L1029H and V421M, along with two novel mutations at the V421 residue, V421A and V421G. An additional mutation, I951V, may be the first example of a pyrethroid resistance mutation caused by RNA editing. Identification of the sodium channel cDNA sequence will allow for testing hypotheses on target-site resistance for insecticides acting on this channel through modeling and expression studies. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for resistance will greatly improve our ability to identify and predict resistance, as well as preserve susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Variabilidad y evolución del rendimiento en cultivares argentinos de maíz duro

OpenAIRE

Loffler, C. M.; Salaberry, M. T.; Stinziani, J.; Favoretti, C. H.

1986-01-01

p.125-132 Se ilustra sobre el uso de una metodología para el análisis e interpretación de datos de redes territoriales de ensayos de cultivares. Se evaluaron datos de veinticinco cultivares de maíz (Zea mays l.) duro, en seis ambientes de la subregión ecológica IX y de todos los cultivares de ensayos conducidos en dos localidades de cada una de las subregiones IX y VI entre 1972 y 1985. Se determinó variabilidad genética y relaciones entre caracteres para la subregión IX y progreso genétic...

Release of the benzoxazinoids defense molecules during lateral- and crown root emergence in Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Woong June; Hochholdinger, Frank; Gierl, Alfons

2004-08-01

We observed the release of the benzoxazinoids defense molecules on the surface of the primary root and the coleoptilar node in Zea mays during the emergence of lateral- and crown-roots, respectively. At later stages of crown root and lateral root development, benzoxazinoids around the emerged roots were no longer observed. Specific mutants revealed that the developmental status of the emerged roots was not important for the release of benzoxazinoids, but the breakage of the epidermis by emerging roots was. This is the first report of benzoxazinoid-release during normal development controlled by endogenous developmental programs. Release of benzoxazinoids around the emerging roots supports the idea that defense molecules accumulate at the site of root emergence in order to reduce pathogenic infections. We discuss possible explanations for the evolution of two different developmental mechanisms of root emergence.

Ocorrência de parasitoides associados a pragas do milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado em diferentes sistemas de produção

OpenAIRE

Rafael Braga da Silva

2013-01-01

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de parasitoides das principais pragas de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado em diferentes sistemas de produção. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Milho e Sorgo em Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil, em sistemas de produção convencional, orgânico, orgânico consorciado com feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e orgânico solteiro. Nas coletas de plantas realizadas no milho convencional e no milho orgânico só foram obtidas larvas de Spodoptera fru...

The involvement of glucose-6-phosphatase in mucilage secretion by root cap cells of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; McClelen, C. E.

1985-01-01

In order to determine the involvement of glucose-6-phosphatase in mucilage secretion by root cap cells, we have cytochemically localized the enzyme in columella and peripheral cells of root caps of Zea mays. Glucose-6-phosphatase is associated with the plasmalemma and cell wall of columella cells. As columella cells differentiate into peripheral cells and begin to produce and secrete mucilage, glucose-6-phosphatase staining intensifies and becomes associated with the mucilage and, to a lesser extent, the cell wall. Cells being sloughed from the cap are characterized by glucose-6-phosphatase staining being associated with the vacuole and plasmalemma. These changes in enzyme localization during cellular differentiation in root caps suggest that glucose-6-phosphatase is involved in the production and/or secretion of mucilage by peripheral cells of Z. mays.

Ontogeny of the sheathing leaf base in maize (Zea mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Johnston, Robyn; Leiboff, Samuel; Scanlon, Michael J

2015-01-01

Leaves develop from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) via recruitment of leaf founder cells. Unlike eudicots, most monocot leaves display parallel venation and sheathing bases wherein the margins overlap the stem. Here we utilized computed tomography (CT) imaging, localization of PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) auxin transport proteins, and in situ hybridization of leaf developmental transcripts to analyze the ontogeny of monocot leaf morphology in maize (Zea mays). CT imaging of whole-mounted shoot apices illustrates the plastochron-specific stages during initiation of the basal sheath margins from the tubular disc of insertion (DOI). PIN1 localizations identify basipetal auxin transport in the SAM L1 layer at the site of leaf initiation, a process that continues reiteratively during later recruitment of lateral leaf domains. Refinement of these auxin transport domains results in multiple, parallel provascular strands within the initiating primordium. By contrast, auxin is transported from the L2 toward the L1 at the developing margins of the leaf sheath. Transcripts involved in organ boundary formation and dorsiventral patterning accumulate within the DOI, preceding the outgrowth of the overlapping margins of the sheathing leaf base. We suggest a model wherein sheathing bases and parallel veins are both patterned via the extended recruitment of lateral maize leaf domains from the SAM. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

KETAHANAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS INTRODUKSI TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA

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Dewi Rumbia Mustikawati

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The resistance of some_introduced hybrid genotypes maize (Zea mays towards insect pests. Plant resistance to insect pest play an important role in integrated pest management. Fourty hybrid genotypes released by CIMMYT Mexico and two National hybrid varieties (Pioner 13 and Andalas as local control had been tested threir resistance to insect pests. The trial was conducted at Natar Station Experimental, South Lampung from April to July 2002. The objective of the experiment was to obtaine the hybrid genotypes in which have a good tolerint or resistance toward insect pests. Alpha latice design with three replicates were used in this experiment. The varieties were grown in two-row plots of 5 m length at row-to-row spacing of 75 cm and hill-to-hill spacing within rows of 25 cm. 300 kg Urea, 150 kg SP-36 and 100 kg KCI ha_1 was applied to the trial. Insect pests damage were observe d at 16 and 80 days after planting. The results showed that there were 12 genotypes have moderate resistance toward insect pests: CMS 991006, CTM 011004, CMT 011018, CMT 011028, CMT 011030, CMT 011036, CMT 011038, CMT 011044, CMT 011050, CMS 951220 (RE, CMT 011056, CMT 011060 and one genotype was susceptible that was CMS 991018, however the others showed varies resistance traits against insect pest.

Comparação entre arranjos de tratamentos sistemáticos e aleatórios em experiências de fertilização de milho (Zea mays L. para silagem Comparison between randomized block and systematically arranged fertilizer experiments with maize (Zea mays L.

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L. M. Brito

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A recuperação do azoto (N mineral aplicado ao milho foi comparada entre duas experiências, a primeira de blocos casualizados e a segunda com arranjos sistemáticos dos tratamentos, na qual, com início num dos vértices de cada bloco, os tratamentos foram organizados, entre talhões adjacentes, ao longo de um eixo com doses crescentes de um adubo nítrico - amoniacal, incluindo um adubo de libertação controlada (ALC para a dose mais elevada e, ao longo do eixo perpendicular, com compostos da fracção sólida do chorume (FSC, produzidos com 5 e 15 volteios durante 105 dias para primeira experiência, e com 5 volteios durante 154 dias para a segunda. A produtividade do milho e a acumulação do N na planta aumentaram com a aplicação de N mineral ao solo até 140 kg/ha na primeira experiência, mas o aumento para 210 kg/ha de N não resultou em novo acréscimo de produção. No entanto, a produtividade do milho aumentou entre 90 kg/ha e 180 kg/ha, na segunda experiência, particularmente quando esta última dose foi aplicada com o ALC, o que sugere que este poderá ser mais eficaz para sincronizar a disponibilidade de N no solo com as necessidades do milho. A produtividade do milho não aumentou com os compostos da FSC porque estes deviam ser aplicados mais maduros ao solo, ou com maior antecedência relativamente à sementeira do milho. A eficiência agronómica do N e a recuperação do N pelo milho indicaram que, no arranjo sistemático e em comparação com os blocos casualizados, as bordaduras foram mais eficazes para impedir que o N de uns talhões fosse utilizado pelo milho dos talhões adjacentes, por causa do efeito progressivo da disponibilidade de N entre os talhões.To compare N recovery within plots, a silage maize randomized block designed experiment was carried out, as opposed to an other experiment, with systematic arrangement of treatments, which included a con-trolled-release N fertilizer. Both experiments integrated

The potential of Zea mays, Commelina bengelensis, Helianthus annuus and Amaranthus hybridus for phytoremediation of waste water

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Chacha Joseph Sarima

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Waste-water from domestic use and from industrial effluent burden the water systems with high levels of heavy metal hence there is need to remove these heavy metals so that the waste water can be recycled for use for household or irrigation. The present study has screened Zea mays (maize, Commelina bengelensis (wondering jew, Helianthus annuus (sunflower and Amaranthus hybridus (amaranthus for their ability to bioaccumulate Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn metals. The results obtained show that the H. annuus and C. bengelensis plant have promising potential for removal of Pb, Cu and Cd from wastewater though their ability to remove Zn from contaminated solutions is not much different from that of Z. mays and A. hybridus.

Development of genetic and molecular indices for drought tolerance in some inbred and hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saleh, O.M.

1998-01-01

From eighteen zea mays inbred lines, two were chosen as drought tolerant and drought sensitive genotypes (G621W and G603W, respectively). They were evaluated along with their F1 and F2 for their relative drought tolerance for some yield traits. The physiological markers cations (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and their ratios (K/Na, Ca/K and Ca/Mg) showed differential association with drought tolerance was observed.SDS-protein profiles indicated the presence of two bands in the tolerant group associated with drought tolerance. Western blotting analysis didn't give polymorphism patterns such as esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase showed differential responses with respect to drought tolerance

Root cortical aerenchyma inhibits radial nutrient transport in maize (Zea mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Bo; Henry, Amelia; Brown, Kathleen M; Lynch, Jonathan P

2014-01-01

Formation of root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) can be induced by nutrient deficiency. In species adapted to aerobic soil conditions, this response is adaptive by reducing root maintenance requirements, thereby permitting greater soil exploration. One trade-off of RCA formation may be reduced radial transport of nutrients due to reduction in living cortical tissue. To test this hypothesis, radial nutrient transport in intact roots of maize (Zea mays) was investigated in two radiolabelling experiments employing genotypes with contrasting RCA. In the first experiment, time-course dynamics of phosphate loading into the xylem were measured from excised nodal roots that varied in RCA formation. In the second experiment, uptake of phosphate, calcium and sulphate was measured in seminal roots of intact young plants in which variation in RCA was induced by treatments altering ethylene action or genetic differences. In each of three paired genotype comparisons, the rate of phosphate exudation of high-RCA genotypes was significantly less than that of low-RCA genotypes. In the second experiment, radial nutrient transport of phosphate and calcium was negatively correlated with the extent of RCA for some genotypes. The results support the hypothesis that RCA can reduce radial transport of some nutrients in some genotypes, which could be an important trade-off of this trait.

Morphometric analysis of epidermal differentiation in primary roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; Smith, H. S.

1990-01-01

Epidermal differentiation in primary roots of Zea mays was divided into six cell types based on cellular shape and cytoplasmic appearance. These six cell types are: 1) apical protoderm, located at the tip of the root pole and characterized by periclinally flattened cells; 2) cuboidal protoderm, located approximately 230 microns from the root pole and characterized by cuboidal cells; 3) tabular epidermis, located approximately 450 microns from the root pole and characterized by anticlinally flattened cells; 4) cuboidal epidermis, located approximately 900 microns from the root pole and characterized by cuboidal cells having numerous small vacuoles; 5) vacuolate cuboidal epidermis, located approximately 1,500 microns from the root pole and characterized by cuboidal cells containing several large vacuoles; and 6) columnar epidermis, located approximately 2,200 microns from the root pole (i.e., at the beginning of the zone of elongation) and characterized by elongated cells. We also used stereology to quantify the cellular changes associated with epidermal differentiation. The quiescent center and the apical protoderm have significantly different ultrastructures. The relative volume of dictyosomes increases dramatically during the early stages of epidermal differentiation. This increase correlates inversely with the amount of coverage provided by the root cap and mucilage.

Molecular Evolution and Expansion Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor in Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Fan, Kai; Wang, Ming; Miao, Ying; Ni, Mi; Bibi, Noreen; Yuan, Shuna; Li, Feng; Wang, Xuede

2014-01-01

NAC (NAM, ATAF1, 2 and CUC2) family is a plant-specific transcription factor and it controls various plant developmental processes. In the current study, 124 NAC members were identified in Zea mays and were phylogenetically clustered into 13 distinct subfamilies. The whole genome duplication (WGD), especially an additional WGD event, may lead to expanding ZmNAC members. Different subfamily has different expansion rate, and NAC subfamily preference was found during the expansion in maize. Moreover, the duplication events might occur after the divergence of the lineages of Z. mays and S. italica, and segmental duplication seemed to be the dominant pattern for the gene duplication in maize. Furthermore, the expansion of ZmNAC members may be also related to gain and loss of introns. Besides, the restriction of functional divergence was discovered after most of the gene duplication events. These results could provide novel insights into molecular evolution and expansion analysis of NAC family in maize, and advance the NAC researches in other plants, especially polyploid plants. PMID:25369196

Open Field Study of Some Zea mays Hybrids, Lipid Compounds and Fumonisins Accumulation

Science.gov (United States)

Giorni, Paola; Dall’Asta, Chiara; Reverberi, Massimo; Scala, Valeria; Ludovici, Matteo; Cirlini, Martina; Galaverna, Gianni; Fanelli, Corrado; Battilani, Paola

2015-01-01

Lipid molecules are increasingly recognized as signals exchanged by organisms interacting in pathogenic and/or symbiotic ways. Some classes of lipids actively determine the fate of the interactions. Host cuticle/cell wall/membrane components such as sphingolipids and oxylipins may contribute to determining the fate of host–pathogen interactions. In the present field study, we considered the relationship between specific sphingolipids and oxylipins of different hybrids of Zea mays and fumonisin by F. verticillioides, sampling ears at different growth stages from early dough to fully ripe. The amount of total and free fumonisin differed significantly between hybrids and increased significantly with maize ripening. Oxylipins and phytoceramides changed significantly within the hybrids and decreased with kernel maturation, starting from physiological maturity. Although the correlation between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid profile is certain, the data collected so far cannot define a cause-effect relationship but open up new perspectives. Therefore, the question—“Does fumonisin alter plant lipidome or does plant lipidome modulate fumonisin accumulation?”—is still open. PMID:26378580

Open Field Study of Some Zea mays Hybrids, Lipid Compounds and Fumonisins Accumulation

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Paola Giorni

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Lipid molecules are increasingly recognized as signals exchanged by organisms interacting in pathogenic and/or symbiotic ways. Some classes of lipids actively determine the fate of the interactions. Host cuticle/cell wall/membrane components such as sphingolipids and oxylipins may contribute to determining the fate of host–pathogen interactions. In the present field study, we considered the relationship between specific sphingolipids and oxylipins of different hybrids of Zea mays and fumonisin by F. verticillioides, sampling ears at different growth stages from early dough to fully ripe. The amount of total and free fumonisin differed significantly between hybrids and increased significantly with maize ripening. Oxylipins and phytoceramides changed significantly within the hybrids and decreased with kernel maturation, starting from physiological maturity. Although the correlation between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid profile is certain, the data collected so far cannot define a cause-effect relationship but open up new perspectives. Therefore, the question—“Does fumonisin alter plant lipidome or does plant lipidome modulate fumonisin accumulation?”—is still open.

Enhanced plastochromanol-8 accumulation during reiterated drought in maize (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Fleta-Soriano, Eva; Munné-Bosch, Sergi

2017-03-01

Plastochromanol-8 (PC-8) belongs to the group of tocochromanols, and together with tocopherols and carotenoids, might help protect photosystem II from photoinhibition during environmental stresses. Here, we aimed to unravel the time course evolution of PC-8 together with that of vitamin E compounds, in maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to reiterated drought. Measurements were performed in plants grown in a greenhouse subjected to two consecutive cycles of drought-recovery. PC-8 contents, which accounted for more than 25% of tocochromanols in maize leaves, increased progressively in response to reiterated drought stress. PC-8 contents paralleled with those of vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol. Profiling of the stress-related phytohormones (ABA, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) was consistent with a role of ABA in the regulation of PC-8 and vitamin E biosynthesis during drought stress. Results also suggest that PC-8 may help tocopherols prevent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. A better knowledge of the ABA-dependent regulation of PC-8 may help us manipulate the contents of this important antioxidant in crops. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Depth Profiles in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Seeds Studied by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Aguilar, C.; Domínguez-Pacheco, A.; Cruz-Orea, A.; Zepeda-Bautista, R.

2015-06-01

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has been used to analyze agricultural seeds and can be applied to the study of seed depth profiles of these complex samples composed of different structures. The sample depth profile can be obtained through the photoacoustic (PA) signal, amplitude, and phase at different light modulation frequencies. The PA signal phase is more sensitive to changes of thermal properties in layered samples than the PA signal amplitude. Hence, the PA signal phase can also be used to characterize layers at different depths. Thus, the objective of the present study was to obtain the optical absorption spectra of maize seeds ( Zea mays L.) by means of PAS at different light modulation frequencies (17 Hz, 30 Hz, and 50 Hz) and comparing these spectra with the ones obtained from the phase-resolved method in order to separate the optical absorption spectra of seed pericarp and endosperm. The results suggest the possibility of using the phase-resolved method to obtain optical absorption spectra of different seed structures, at different depths, without damaging the seed. Thus, PAS could be a nondestructive method for characterization of agricultural seeds and thus improve quality control in the food industry.

El periodista, entre el Poder

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JL Dader

2014-10-01

Full Text Available El periodismo se debate, desde sus orígenes, entre la reproducción servil de versiones interesadas o la distorsión de propio cuño, por conocimiento insuficiente de una realidad que sólo puede entrever. Los poderes que amenazan la independencia periodística no han hecho más que crecer o aumentar su habilidad con el paso del tiempo. Surgido como ‘oficio de esclavos’ en la época romana, muchos indicadores actuales parecen retornarle al punto de partida: relaciones públicas estratégicas a gran escala, auge de los ‘spin doctors’, extorsión descarnada en las democracias más débiles y populismo de las redes sociales, entre otros. Todo ello, unido o alentado por la degradación interna y el desaliento de la propia institución periodística incapaz de distanciarse de todas esas fuerzas. Su respuesta no puede ser de alianza o competencia con los poderes que la circundan, sino de hábil distanciamiento para moverse entre todos ellos sin dejar de ejercer la vigilancia que los ciudadanos siguen necesitando de su ejercicio profesional.

Aphrodisiac Activity of the Aqueous Crude Extract of Purple Corn ( Zea mays) in Male Rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Carro-Juárez, Miguel; Rodríguez-Santiago, Magdalena G; Franco, Miguel Angel; Hueletl-Soto, María Eugenia

2017-10-01

In the present study, the aphrodisiac properties of the purple corn ( Zea mays) in male rats were analyzed. The aqueous crude extract of purple corn (at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) was administered to ( a) copulating male rats and ( b) anesthetized and spinal cord transected male rats. Behavioral parameters of copulatory behavior and parameters of the genital motor pattern of ejaculation previous to its inhibition, under the influence of the purple corn extract, are described. Administration of the aqueous crude extract of purple corn significantly facilitates the arousal and execution of male rat sexual behavior without significant influences on the ambulatory behavior. In addition, purple corn extract elicit a significant increase in the number of discharges of the ejaculatory motor patterns and in the total number of genital motor patterns evoked in spinal rats. The present findings show that the aqueous crude extract of purple corn possesses aphrodisiac activity.

Use of Zea mays L. in phytoremediation of trichloroethylene.

Science.gov (United States)

Moccia, Emanuele; Intiso, Adriano; Cicatelli, Angela; Proto, Antonio; Guarino, Francesco; Iannece, Patrizia; Castiglione, Stefano; Rossi, Federico

2017-04-01

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated aliphatic organic compound often detected as pollutant in soils and ground water. "Green technologies" based on phytoremediation were proven to be effective to reclaim organic pollutants (e.g. TCE) and heavy metals from different environmental matrices. In this work, we use Zea mays L. for the removal of high TCE concentrations from medium cultures. In particular, we investigated a sealed bioreactor where the growth medium was contaminated with an increasing amount of TCE, in the range 55-280 mg/L; the removal capability of the maize plants was assessed by means of GC-MS and LC-MS analyses. An accurate mass balance of the system revealed that the plants were able to remove and metabolise TCE with an efficiency up to 20 %, depending on the total amount of TCE delivered in the bioreactor. Morphometric data showed that the growth of Z. mays is not significantly affected by the presence of the pollutant up to a concentration of 280 mg/L, while plants show significant alterations at higher TCE concentrations until the growth is completely inhibited for [TCE] ≃ 2000 mg/L. Finally, the presence of several TCE metabolites, including dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids, was detected in the roots and in the aerial part of the plants, revealing that Z. mays follows the green liver metabolic model. These results encourage further studies for the employment of this plant species in phytoremediation processes of soils and waters contaminated by TCE and, potentially, by many other chlorinated solvents.

Kinetics of 15NH4+ assimilation in Zea mays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magalhaes, J.R.; Ju, G.C.; Rich, P.J.; Rhodes, D.

1990-01-01

Comparative studies of 15 NH 4 + assimilation were undertaken with a GDH1-null mutant of Zea mays and a related (but not strictly isogenic) GDH1-positive wild type from which this mutant was derived. The kinetics of 15 NH 4 + assimilation into free amino acids and total reduced nitrogen were monitored in both roots and shoots of 2-week-old seedlings supplied with 5 millimolar 99% ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 via the aerated root medium in hydroponic culture over a 24-h period. The GDH1-null mutant, with a 10- to 15-fold lower total root GDH activity in comparison to the wild type, was found to exhibit a 40 to 50% lower rate of 15 NH 4 + assimilation into total reduced nitrogen. The lower rates of 15 NH 4 + assimilation in the mutant was associated with lower rates of labeling of several free amino acids (including glutamate, glutamine-amino N, aspartate, asparagine-amino N, and alanine) in both roots and shoots of the mutant in comparison to the wild type. Qualitatively, these labeling kinetics appear consistent with a reduced flux of 15 N via glutamate in the GDH1-null mutant. However, the responses of the two genotypes to the potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, methionine sulfoximine, and differences in morphology of the two genotypes (particularly a lower shoot:root ratio in the GDH1-null mutant) urge caution in concluding that GDH1 is solely responsible for these differences in ammonia assimilation rate

Los límites de la ausencia. Un ensayo sobre historia de las ideas: José Aricó, Leopoldo Zea y Carlos Real de Azúa

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Ximena Espeche

2017-06-01

Full Text Available I propose reading José Aricó’s “Marx y América Latina” as a work in which the author discusses Leopoldo Zea´s proposals to study the history of ideas in such a way that it also relates to Carlos Real de Azúa´s approaches: the obsessions and terms of a possible “esoteric history” or a “philosophical research”.

Evaluation of growth traits and yield of new forage corn (Zea mays L. single cross combinations

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S. Khavari Khorasani

2016-04-01

Full Text Available In this study 18 forage corn (Zea mays L. hybrid varieties were evaluated based on RCBD with four replications in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, Iran, on 2008-2009. Result of analysis of variance showed that there was significantly difference between hybrids in forage yield, ear weight and ear to biomass ratio. Results of hybrids mean comparison with Duncan’s multiple range test showed that SC700 was higher than other investigated hybrids in forage yield trait. But hybrid 3 with 85.31 forage yield was the best hybrid in weight of ear and ear to biomass ratio. Though the SC704 hybrid was better than others for stem dry weight, ear dry weight and leaf area but there was not any significant difference between this hybrid and hybrid 3.

The crystal structure of the complex of Zea mays alpha subunit with a fragment of human beta subunit provides the clue to the architecture of protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Battistutta, R; Sarno, S; De Moliner, E

2000-01-01

The crystal structure of a complex between the catalytic alpha subunit of Zea mays CK2 and a 23-mer peptide corresponding the C-terminal sequence 181-203 of the human CK2 regulatory beta subunit has been determined at 3.16-A resolution. The complex, composed of two alpha chains and two peptides, ...

Stem characteristics of two forage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars varying in whole plant digestibility. II. Relation between in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and anatomical and chemical features within a single internode

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boon, E.J.M.C.; Engels, F.M.; Struik, P.C.; Cone, J.W.

2005-01-01

Internode 7 of the stem of two forage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars was studied anatomically and chemically at anthesis and subjected to fermentation tests in rumen fluid, using an automated gas production system. For anatomical studies internode 7 was sectioned at the top, middle and base. For

Bases del intercambio entre las sociedades norperuanas y surecuatorianas: una zona de transición entre 1500 A.C. y 600 D.C

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1993-01-01

Full Text Available BASES DE L'ECHANGE ENTRE LES SOCIETES NORD-PERUVIENNES ET SUD-EQUATORIENNES : UNE ZONE DE TRANSITION ENTRE 1500 AV. J.C. ET 600 AP. J.C. Cet article est le fruit d’une tentative de coopération entre des chercheurs qui travaillent en Équateur et au Pérou, pour relier les deux aires culturelles nettement différenciées, nord-andine et centre-andine, à partir de la définition et de l’étude d’une zone de transition, localisée entre le Río Jubones dans le sud de l'Équateur et le Río Olmos dans le nord du Pérou, entre environ 1500 av. J.C. et 600 ap. J.C. El artículo es resultado de un intento de cooperación entre investigadores que trabajan el Ecuador y el Perú para vincular las dos áreas culturales marcadamente diferenciadas, norandina y centroandina, a partir de la definición y estudio de una zona de transición, localizada entre el río Jubones, al sur de Ecuador y el Río Olmos, al norte de Perú, entre aproximadamente 1500 AC y 600 DC. BASIS OF THE EXCHANGE BETWEEN NORTH PERUVIAN AND SOUTH ECUATORIAN SOCIETIES: A TRANSITIONAL ZONE BETWEEN 1500 B.C. AND 600 A.C. This paper is a collaborative effort by researchers working in Ecuador and Peru, to explore the relationship between two clearly differentiated cultural areas (North and Central Andes on the basis of a definition and study of the prehistory transitional zone located between Río Jubones in Southern Ecuador and Río Olmos in Northern Peru between 1500 B.C. and 600 A.C.

Study on the effect of x-ray irradiation of seed on zinc uptake in maize (Zea Mays L.) plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joshi, Gargi; Singh, K.P.; Joshi, G.C.

2007-01-01

The effects of irradiations by X-rays at the two dose levels (1.1 KR and 2.2 KR) of seeds on uptake of zinc ion in maize (Zea Mays L.) plants were studied. The uptake and internal distribution of zinc ion in the maize plants was carried out by incorporating radioactive zinc as zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) in the nutrient solution to the plants. The localization and translocation of radioactive zinc was studied employing phosphor imaging systems (FX). The radioactivity measurement has been carried out using solid scintillation counter. It was observed that zinc ions uptake was higher in plants out of 2.2 KR X-rays irradiated seeds. (author)

EFICIENCIA DEL AGUA DE RIEGO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE MAÍZ FORRAJERO (Zea mays L. Y ALFALFA (Medicago sativa: IMPACTO SOCIAL Y ECONÓMICO

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Aurelio Pedroza Sandoval

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El maíz y la alfalfa, son los dos principales cultivos forrajeros en la Cuenca Lechera de la Laguna de los estados de Coahuila y Durango, México, donde el recurso hídrico es el mayor factor limitante. El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una evaluación de la eficiencia biológica, económica y social del uso de agua de riego en los cultivos de maíz forrajero (Zea mays L. y alfalfa (Medicago sativa, mediante un análisis económico comparativo y de eficiencia de productividad. El maíz fue más eficiente que la alfalfa, puesto que un m3 de agua subterránea produjo 5.72 kg de biomasa, $0.67 de ganancia por m3 de agua usada y 100 000 m3 de agua produjeron 0.65 empleos durante el ciclo del cultivo; mientras que la alfalfa produjo 0.215 kg de biomasa, $0.90 de ganancia y se generaron 0.43 empleos con los mismos volúmenes de agua indicados en el maíz. El cultivo de maíz forrajero fue más eficiente en producción de biomasa por volumen de agua utilizado y empleos generados, pero menos eficiente en ganancias, donde la alfalfa fue mejor. Una combinación durante el año de cultivos forrajeros con calidad energética y proteica como el maíz y la alfalfa respectivamente, éstos producidos bajo un programa de rotación, habrán de redundar en un equilibrio entre calidad de forraje, productividad del mismo, un mayor beneficio social y un menor impacto ambiental.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the grain yield of Nigerian Zea mays and Arachis hypogaea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mokobia, C E; Okpakorese, E M; Analogbei, C; Agbonwanegbe, J

2006-01-01

As a follow-up to our earlier investigation on the effect of gamma radiation on the germination and growth of certain Nigerian agricultural crops, the present study sought to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the grain yield of Zea mays (maize) and Arachis hypogaea (groundnut). The seeds were planted after irradiation without the application of fertiliser. The results show that for maize, grain yield for irradiated samples is increased to levels above the unirradiated yield at doses up to about 250 Gy with the optimum yield occurring at 150 Gy. The corresponding increase for groundnut is observed at doses up to about 930 Gy with optimum yield at a dose of 300 Gy. Inhibition in yield was observed to set in at a dose greater than 250 Gy for maize and 930 Gy for groundnut. The actual relationship between mean yield of these crops and gamma radiation dose was obtained using sixth-degree polynomial equations. (note)

Asymmetric distribution of glucose and indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol in geostimulated Zea mays seedlings

Science.gov (United States)

Momonoki, Y. S.; Bandurski, R. S. (Principal Investigator)

1988-01-01

Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol occurs in both the kernel and vegetative shoot of germinating Zea mays seedlings. The effect of a gravitational stimulus on the transport of [3H]-5-indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol and [U-14C]-D-glucose from the kernel to the seedling shoot was studied. Both labeled glucose and labeled indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol become asymmetrically distributed in the mesocotyl cortex of the shoot with more radioactivity occurring in the bottom half of a horizontally placed seedling. Asymmetric distribution of [3H]indole-3-acetic acid, derived from the applied [3H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol, occurred more rapidly than distribution of total 3H-radioactivity. These findings demonstrate that the gravitational stimulus can induce an asymmetric distribution of substances being transported from kernel to shoot. They also indicate that, in addition to the transport asymmetry, gravity affects the steady state amount of indole-3-acetic acid derived from indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the grain yield of Nigerian Zea mays and Arachis hypogaea

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mokobia, C E; Okpakorese, E M; Analogbei, C; Agbonwanegbe, J [Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State (Nigeria)

2006-12-15

As a follow-up to our earlier investigation on the effect of gamma radiation on the germination and growth of certain Nigerian agricultural crops, the present study sought to determine the effect of gamma radiation on the grain yield of Zea mays (maize) and Arachis hypogaea (groundnut). The seeds were planted after irradiation without the application of fertiliser. The results show that for maize, grain yield for irradiated samples is increased to levels above the unirradiated yield at doses up to about 250 Gy with the optimum yield occurring at 150 Gy. The corresponding increase for groundnut is observed at doses up to about 930 Gy with optimum yield at a dose of 300 Gy. Inhibition in yield was observed to set in at a dose greater than 250 Gy for maize and 930 Gy for groundnut. The actual relationship between mean yield of these crops and gamma radiation dose was obtained using sixth-degree polynomial equations. (note)

Efecto vasodilatador mediado por óxido nítrico del extracto hidroalcohólico de Zea mays L. (maíz morado en anillos aórticos de rata Vasodilator effect mediated by nitric oxide of the Zea mays L (andean purple corn hydroalcoholic extract in aortic rings of rat

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Oscar Moreno-Loaiza

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta vasodilatadora e inhibidora de la vasoconstricción del extracto hidroalcohólico de Zea mays L. (maíz morado y determinar si esta respuesta es mediada por óxido nítrico (NO. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvo un extracto de las corontas de maíz morado maceradas durante ocho días en etanol al 70%, y posterior concentración del producto. Se trabajó con anillos aórticos de rata en cámara de órganos aislados, bañada con solución Krebs-Hensleit (K-H y se registró la actividad vasomotora con un transductor de tensión isométrica. Se produjo una contracción basal con KCl 120 mM sobre la cual determinó el efecto vasodilatador de tres dosis del extracto: 0,1; 0,5 y 1,0 mg/mL. Se utilizó L-NG-Nitroarginina metil ester (L-NAME para comprobar que la vasodilatación depende de la óxido nítrico sinteasa (NOs. Luego se comparó la inhibición de la contracción vascular tras la incubación durante 30 minutos, con extracto de maíz morado y captopril 10-5 M. Resultados. Se observó una reducción de la contracción máxima (100% a 85,25 ± 2,60%, 77,76 ± 3,23% y 73,3 ± 4,87%, para las dosis de 0,1; 0,5 y 1,0 mg/mL, respectivamente. La vasodilatación fue inhibida por la incubación previa con L-NAME. El extracto de maíz morado no inhibió la contracción vascular, a diferencia del captopril (reducción a 75,27 ± 8,61%. Conclusión. El extracto hidroalcohólico de Zea mays L produce vasodilatación dependiente de la síntesis de NO.Objective: To evaluate the vasodilator response of the hydroalcoholic extract of Zea mays L. (Andean purple corn and to determine if this response is mediated by nitric oxide (NO. Material and methods: We obtained an extract by maceration for eight days of Andean purple corn cobs in 70% ethanol and subsequent concentration of the product. Thoracic aortic rings were evaluated in an isolated organ chamber, bathed with Krebs-Hensleit solution (KH, and vasomotor activity was recorded

Granules morphology and rheological behavior of green banana (Musa cavendishii and corn (Zea mays starch gels Morfologia dos grânulos e comportamento reológico dos géis de amido de banana verde (Musa cavendishii e milho (Zea mays

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Dayane Rosalyn Izidoro

2007-10-01

Full Text Available In this work, it was used starch obtained from green banana (Musa cavendishii and commercial corn (Zea mays starch in order to compare the granule morphology and the rheological behavior of these gel-starches. Images of starch granules morphology were obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM. The banana starch granules presented an oval and ellipsoidal shape with irregular diameters. Neverthless, the granules of corn starch showed a poliedric shape, with different sizes. The rheological behavior of gel starch solutions showed a non-newtonian character with a pseudoplastic behavior. Herschel-Bulkley model gave a good description on the rheological behavior of the gel starch. Banana gel-starch solutions showed higher values of shear stress and apparent viscosity when compared with corn gel-starch solutions. A progressive decrease in shear stress and viscosity occurred with the addition of sodium chloride and sucrose.No presente trabalho foi utilizado amido obtido de banana verde (Musa cavendishii e amido de milho (Zea mays comercial, com o objetivo de comparar a morfologia dos grânulos e o comportamento reológico dos géis. As imagens da morfologia dos grânulos foram obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os grânulos de amido da banana apresentaram forma oval e elipsoidal com diâmetros irregulares, todavia, os grânulos do amido de milho mostraram forma poliédrica e diferentes tamanhos. As análises reológicas dos géis das soluções de amido mostraram caráter não-newtoniano, pseudoplástico. O modelo de Herschel-Bulkley foi o que melhor representou comportamento reológico dos géis. O gel de amido de banana verde obteve maiores valores de tensão de cisalhamento e viscosidade aparente quando comparada ao gel de amido de milho. Ocorreu um decréscimo progressivo na tensão de cisalhamento e na viscosidade com a adição de cloreto de sódio e sacarose aos géis.

Mycological analysis of cereal samples and screening of Fusarium strains' ability to form deoxynivalenole (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) mycotoxins--a pilot study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kłyszejko, Adriana; Kubus, Zaneta; Zakowska, Zofia

2005-01-01

Filamentous fungi are cosmopolitan microorganisms found in almost all environments. It should be pointed out that occurance of moulds on food or feed may cause health disorders in humans and animals. Mycoflora appears as a source of toxic methabolites, mycotoxins, which hepatotoxic, genotoxic, nefrotoxic and carcinogenic abilities were already proven in several studies. Hense mycological analysis of cereal grains raises as an important manner in evaluation of food and feed health features. Among the most frequent cereal contaminants Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium strains are mentioned. Due to their ability to grow on cereals during both its field growth and storage, Fusarium moulds occure to be an important contamination factors in food and feed industry. In this study Fusarium strains isolates from wheat and maize were examined in order to recognize their abilities to produce two toxins: zearalenon (ZEA) and deoxynivalenole (DON). Mycological analysis shown differentiation within fungal microflora occuring in samples of different storage conditions, where Fusarium strains represented aproximately 20-70% of all mould species present. In purpose of Fusarium strains species evaluation, isolates were mycologically analysed. In the second step of the project, toxicological screening of isolates was performed using Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) evaluating toxigenic potential of single strains' production of ZEA and DON. This data gives the possibility of pointing the most toxigenic strains and also shows differentiations in their occurance in cereals. This paper presents introductory research data, which can be useful in recognition of cereal contamination with moulds and their toxic methabolites.

Response of maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) to different concentration treatments of deltamethrin.

Science.gov (United States)

Duran, Ragbet Ezgi; Kilic, Semra; Coskun, Yasemin

2015-10-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the deltamethrin pesticide on the biological properties of maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt). Maize seeds were exposed to environmentally relevant dosages (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm) of deltamethrin. On the 7th day of germination, morphological, anatomical and physiological responses were determined. All seedling growth characters were decreased with increasing deltamethrin levels. The most negative effect on the radicle length of maize was observed by the highest deltamethrin concentration with a 61% decrease (P <0.05). Both stomatal density and stomatal dimension reduction were caused by increasing concentrations of deltamethrin. Moreover, the pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and caretonoids decreased with the increase in deltamethrin concentration. Conversely, anthocyanin and proline content increased in parallel with deltamethrin concentration. As a result, all morphological traits and pigments except for proline and anthocyanin were significantly reduced with an increase in pesticide concentration, compared to control (P <0.05). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparative effectiveness of metal ions in inducing curvature of primary roots of Zea mays

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Hasenstein, K. H.; Evans, M. L.; Stinemetz, C. L.; Moore, R.; Fondren, W. M.; Koon, E. C.; Higby, M. A.; Smucker, A. J.

1988-01-01

We used five cultivars of Zea mays (Bear Hybrid WF9 * 38MS, B73 * Missouri 17, Yellow Dent, Merit, and Great Lakes Hybrid 422) to reinvestigate the specificity of metal ions for inducing root curvature. Of 17 cations tested, 6 (Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) induced curvature. Roots curved away from Al3+, Ba2+, and Cd2+. Roots curved away from low (0.1 millimolar) concentrations of Cu2+ but toward higher (1-5 millimolar) concentrations. Roots initially curved away from Zn2+ but the direction of the subsequent curvature was unpredictable. In most cases, roots of all cultivars curved towards calcium. However, in some tests there was no response to calcium or even (especially in the cultivars Merit and B73 * Missouri 17) substantial curvature away from calcium. The results indicate that the induction of root curvature is not specific for calcium. The results are discussed relative to the possible role of calmodulin as a mediator of ion-induced root curvature.

Growth promoting characteristics of rhizobacteria and AM Fungi for biomass amelioration of Zea mays

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Kumar Manoj

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR and mycorrhiza were evaluated on the growth (biomass and yield of Zea mays. In the present study, selective rhizospheric PGPR (Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Azospirillum brasilense and Streptomyces sp. and a combination of six strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF (Acaulospora morrowae, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus constrictum, Glomus mossae, Glomus aggregatum and Scutellospora calospora were isolated and identified with standard methods and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. PGPR and AMF were checked for their growth-promoting behavior under specific treatment conditions. The 30-48-day-old treated plants in all combinations showed a significantly higher mass value. The average dry weight from the shoot was in a range from 41-52% as compared to the control. This increase also translated into a higher mass value of the roots. Overall, an 82% growth rate was observed in terms of height as the consequence of biomass production, specifically in the case of AMF + rhizobacteria combination. We report an efficient, sustainable and cost-effective biofertilizer for enhanced biomass of Z. mays, one of the staple food crops worldwide.

Cytochemical localization of calcium in cap cells of primary roots of Zea mays L

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Moore, R.

1986-01-01

The distribution of calcium (Ca) in caps of vertically- and horizontally-oriented roots of Zea mays was monitored to determine its possible role in root graviresponsiveness. A modification of the antimonate precipitation procedure was used to localize Ca in situ. In vertically-oriented roots, the presumed graviperceptive (i.e., columella) cells were characterized by minimal and symmetric staining of the plasmalemma and mitochondria. No precipitate was present in plasmodesmata or cell walls. Within 5 min after horizontal reorientation, staining was associated with the portion of the cell wall adjacent to the distal end of the cell. This asymmetric staining persisted throughout the onset of gravicurvature. No staining of lateral cell walls of columella cells was observed at any stage of gravicurvature, suggesting that a lateral flow of Ca through the columella tissue of horizontally-oriented roots does not occur. The outermost peripheral cells of roots oriented horizontally and vertically secrete Ca through plasmodesmata-like structures in their cell walls. These results are discussed relative to proposed roles of root-cap Ca in root gravicurvature.

Characteristics and functional properties of purple corn (Zea mays L. var. subnigroviolaceo

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Jhoseline Guillén-Sánchez

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Zea Mays L. variety purple (purple corn is a plant native of America, which has the episperm seeds (grains and the cobs (cob in purple, which gives special characteristics to the pigments that have (between 1.5% and 6.0%, called anthocyanins, which belong to the group of flavonoids. Due to its high content of anthocyanins (cianin C3G-3-glucose as its main color and phenolic compounds act as powerful natural antioxidant and anticancer, Further having functional properties due to these bioactive compounds. The purple corn also provides significant amounts of starch, about 80% (complex carbohydrate, 10% of sugars provide sweetness, up to 11% protein, up to 2% minerals and B vitamins and ascorbic acid, concentrated in endosperm (grain free envelope. Also the nutritional value, the purple corn has a rich composition of phytochemicals, which have beneficial effects on our body, such as neutralize free radicals and act as antimutagenic. His review paper aimed to collect information on the studies undertaken to purple corn as an alternative to artificial food dyes and health benefits when included in the diet. Benefits such as cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, lowering cholesterol, fighting diabetes, being the most remarkable antioxidant action (wrinkle.

The short-term response of Arabidopsis thaliana (C3) and Zea mays (C4) chloroplasts to red and far red light.

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Zienkiewicz, Maksymilian; Drożak, Anna; Wasilewska, Wioleta; Bacławska, Ilona; Przedpełska-Wąsowicz, Ewa; Romanowska, Elżbieta

2015-12-01

Light quality has various effects on photochemistry and protein phosphorylation in Zea mays and Arabidopsis thaliana thylakoids due to different degrees of light penetration across leaves and redox status in chloroplasts. The effect of the spectral quality of light (red, R and far red, FR) on the function of thylakoid proteins in Zea mays and Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. It was concluded that red light stimulates PSII activity in A. thaliana thylakoids and in maize bundle sheath (BS) thylakoids, but not in mesophyll (M) thylakoids. The light quality did not change PSI activity in M thylakoids of maize. FR used after a white light period increased PSI activity significantly in maize BS and only slightly in A. thaliana thylakoids. As shown by blue native (BN)-PAGE followed by SDS-PAGE, proteins were differently phosphorylated in the thylakoids, indicating their different functions. FR light increased dephosphorylation of LHCII proteins in A. thaliana thylakoids, whereas in maize, dephosphorylation did not occur at all. The rate of phosphorylation was higher in maize BS than in M thylakoids. D1 protein phosphorylation increased in maize and decreased in A. thaliana upon irradiation with both R and growth light (white light, W). Light variations did not change the level of proteins in thylakoids. Our data strongly suggest that response to light quality is a species-dependent phenomenon. We concluded that the maize chloroplasts were differently stimulated, probably due to different degrees of light penetration across the leaf and thereby the redox status in the chloroplasts. These acclimation changes induced by light quality are important in the regulation of chloroplast membrane flexibility and thus its function.

Cadmium uptake potential of Brassica napus cocropped with Brassica parachinensis and Zea mays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Selvam, Ammaiyappan [Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, (Hong Kong); Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung, E-mail: jwcwong@hkbu.edu.hk [Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (Hong Kong)

2009-08-15

Cadmium uptake potential of Brassica napus cocropped with B. parachinensis or Zea mays plants in split pot (allow the solutes to pass but prevent the interaction of roots between compartments) experiments was evaluated. Plants were grown in split pots filled with soil spiked at 0, 3, 6, 12, 25 and 50 mg Cd/kg soil. Biomass and Cd uptake were detemined after 6 weeks, and rhizospheric soil solutions, extracted using soil probes, were analyzed for pH and water soluble Cd at weekly intervals. Cadmium treatments affected the biomass. Cadmium concentration in the shoots of B. napus was higher when cocropped with B. parachinensis and significantly higher with Z. mays; however, the biomass was negatively affected implying the higher nutrient apportionment to the crop plants than B. napus. Concentration of Cd in B. napus was higher in shoots than in roots as revealed by shoot/root Cd quotient and was always >1; the quotient for B. parachinensis was {approx}1 and that of Z. mays was <1, indicating the potential of Brassicaceae members to translocate the Cd to aboveground tissue. Results indicate the feasibility of cocropping method to clean the Cd contaminated soils.

Effects of fluoride on mitochondrial activity in higher plants. [Glycine max, Zea mays

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, J E; Miller, G W

1974-01-01

The effects of fluoride on respiration of plant tissue and mitochondria were investigated. Fumigation of young soybean plants (Glycine max Merr. cm. Hawkeye) with 9-12 ..mu..g x m/sup -3/ HF caused a stimulation of respiration at about 2 days of treatment followed by inhibition 2 days later. Mitochondria isolated from the stimulated tissue had higher respiration rates, greater ATPase activity, and lower P/O ratios, while in mitochondria from inhibited tissue, all three were reduced. Treatment of etiolated soybean hypocotyl sections in Hoagland's solution containing KF for 3 to 10 h only resulted in inhibition of respiration. Mitochondria isolated from this tissue elicited increased respiration rates with malate as substrate and inhibited respiration with succinate. With both substrates respiratory control and ADP/O ratios were decreased. Direct treatment of mitochondria from etiolated soybean hypocotyl tissue with fluoride resulted in inhibition of state 3 respiration and lower ADP/O ratios with the substrates succinate, malate, and NADH. Fluoride was also found to increase the amount of osmotically induced swelling and cause a more rapid leakage of protein with mitochondria isolated from etiolated corn shoots (Zea mays L. cv. Golden Cross Bantam). 40 references, 1 figure, 5 tables.

Cadmium uptake potential of Brassica napus cocropped with Brassica parachinensis and Zea mays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Selvam, Ammaiyappan; Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung

2009-01-01

Cadmium uptake potential of Brassica napus cocropped with B. parachinensis or Zea mays plants in split pot (allow the solutes to pass but prevent the interaction of roots between compartments) experiments was evaluated. Plants were grown in split pots filled with soil spiked at 0, 3, 6, 12, 25 and 50 mg Cd/kg soil. Biomass and Cd uptake were detemined after 6 weeks, and rhizospheric soil solutions, extracted using soil probes, were analyzed for pH and water soluble Cd at weekly intervals. Cadmium treatments affected the biomass. Cadmium concentration in the shoots of B. napus was higher when cocropped with B. parachinensis and significantly higher with Z. mays; however, the biomass was negatively affected implying the higher nutrient apportionment to the crop plants than B. napus. Concentration of Cd in B. napus was higher in shoots than in roots as revealed by shoot/root Cd quotient and was always >1; the quotient for B. parachinensis was ∼1 and that of Z. mays was <1, indicating the potential of Brassicaceae members to translocate the Cd to aboveground tissue. Results indicate the feasibility of cocropping method to clean the Cd contaminated soils.

Stem characteristics of two forage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars varying in whole plant digestibility. IV. Changes during the growing season in anatomy and chemical composition in relation to fermentation characteristics of a lower internode

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boon, E.J.M.C.; Struik, P.C.; Engels, F.M.; Cone, J.W.

2012-01-01

Improving digestibility of forage maize (Zea mays L.) through breeding is important to optimize the efficiency of ruminant's rations. It can partly be achieved by improving the digestibility of stem tissue, a genetically complex and diverse trait changing drastically during the growing season. We

Zea mI, the maize homolog of the allergen-encoding Lol pI gene of rye grass.

Science.gov (United States)

Broadwater, A H; Rubinstein, A L; Chay, C H; Klapper, D G; Bedinger, P A

1993-09-15

Sequence analysis of a pollen-specific cDNA from maize has identified a homolog (Zea mI) of the gene (Lol pI) encoding the major allergen of rye-grass pollen. The protein encoded by the partial cDNA sequence is 59.3% identical and 72.7% similar to the comparable region of the reported amino acid sequence of Lol pIA. Southern analysis indicates that this cDNA represents a member of a small multigene family in maize. Northern analysis shows expression only in pollen, not in vegetative or female floral tissues. The timing of expression is developmentally regulated, occurring at a low level prior to the first pollen mitosis and at a high level after this postmeiotic division. Western analysis detects a protein in maize pollen lysates using polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies directed against purified Lolium perenne allergen.

Análises físicas, composição centesimal e nutricional de minimilho (Zea mays, L. orgânico de diferentes variedades

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A. S. O. D. Lima

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Atualmente os produtos orgânicos vêm roubando a cena dos produtos tradicionais, por serem saudáveis, livres de agrotóxicos e por gerarem menor impacto no meio ambiente. O minimilho (Zea mays, L. também conhecido como “babycorn”, uma espiga imatura ainda não fertilizada (espiguetas, é uma hortaliça, produto considerado fino que vem ganhando importância no mercado de conservas no Brasil. Esta pesquisa se propôs avaliar a qualidade de minimilho orgânico in natura de diferentes variedades e determinar a composição centesimal e nutricional.Utilizou-se como metodologias analíticas as determinações de rendimento, peso médio, diâmetro e comprimento das espiguetas, além de pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez  titulável, umidade, cinzas, lipídeos,  proteínas, carboidratos e valor energético total. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que as variedades que apresentaram maior rendimento foram Pipoca (48,75%, Eldorado (42,06%e Branco (40,50%, sendo mais recomendadas para o beneficiamento e que o minimilho se trata de um produto de baixo valor calórico, podendo ser indicado em dietas hipocalóricas.Physical analysis, and nutritional composition centesimal babycorn (Zea mays, L. organic variety of differentAbstract: Currently organic products come stealing the show from traditional products to be healthy, free of pesticides and generate less impact on the environment. The lithe corn (Zea mays L. also known as " babycorn " an immature ear is not fertilized  (spikelets, is a vegetable , thin product concerned that has gained importance in the market preserved in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the quality of organic fresh baby corn in different varieties and determine the composition and nutritional. Used as analytical methodologies determinations yield , average weight , diameter and length of the spikelets , and pH , soluble solids , titratable acidity, moisture, ash , lipids , proteins , carbohydrates and total energetic

Dicty_cDB: Contig-U15446-1 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 425_1( CR933425 |pid:none) Paramecium tetraurelia, Small GTPa... 175 2e-42 AB241245_1( AB241245 |pid:none) Symbiotic...um ... 179 2e-43 DQ446594_1( DQ446594 |pid:none) Arabidopsis thaliana clone pENTR22... 179 2e-43 AB241244_1( AB241244 |pid:none) Symb...iotic protist of Reticuliterme... 178 2e-43 BT035344_1( BT035344 |pid:none) Zea may

A structural investigation of complex I and I+III2 supercomplex from Zea mays at 11-13 angstrom resolution : Assignment of the carbonic anhydrase domain and evidence for structural heterogeneity within complex I

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Peters, Katrin; Dudkina, Natalya V.; Jaensch, Lothar; Braun, Hans-Peter; Boekema, Egbert J.; Jänsch, Lothar

The projection structures of complex I and the I+III2 supercomplex from the C-4 plant Zea mays were determined by electron microscopy and single particle image analysis to a resolution of up to 11 angstrom. Maize complex I has a typical L-shape. Additionally, it has a large hydrophilic, extra-domain

Effect of zinc and phosphorus on dry matter yield, uptake and utilization of 65Zn on Maize (Zea Mays L.) grown in a molli-soil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joshi, Megha; Shri Ram; Joshi, G.C.

2013-01-01

Zinc uptake and its utilization by Maize (Zea mays L.) variety Pragati using radiotracer 65 Zn technique along with varying levels of phosphorus treatments on dry matter yield was studied. The gamma activity was measured by calibrated NaI(Tl) gamma ray spectrometer. It was observed that zinc uptake in treatment T 2 found to be higher. However, treatment T 6 showed good growth parameters and dry matter yield. The 65 Zn activity was found maximum in roots and minimum in the leaves of maize plant. (author)

Phytomanagement of Cd-contaminated soils using maize (Zea mays L.) assisted by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Moreira, Helena; Marques, Ana P G C; Franco, Albina R; Rangel, António O S S; Castro, Paula M L

2014-01-01

Zea mays (L.) is a crop widely cultivated throughout the world and can be considered suitable for phytomanagement due to its metal resistance and energetic value. In this study, the effect of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Ralstonia eutropha and Chryseobacterium humi, on growth and metal uptake of Z. mays plants in soils contaminated with up to 30 mg Cd kg(-1) was evaluated. Bacterial inoculation increased plant biomass up to 63% and led to a decrease of up to 81% in Cd shoot levels (4-88 mg Cd kg(-1)) and to an increase of up to 186% in accumulation in the roots (52-134 mg Cd kg(-1)). The rhizosphere community structure changed throughout the experiment and varied with different levels of Cd soil contamination, as revealed by molecular biology techniques. Z. mays plants inoculated with either of the tested strains may have potential application in a strategy of soil remediation, in particular short-term phytostabilization, coupled with biomass production for energy purposes.

Cysteine- and glutathione-mediated uptake of lead and cadmium into Zea mays and Brassica napus roots

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vadas, Timothy M.; Ahner, Beth A.

2009-01-01

This study examines a new mechanism for the uptake of Pb and Cd into Brassica napus and Zea mays roots. During hydroponic experiments, the uptake of Pb and Cd was enhanced in the presence of cysteine and glutathione, whereas no or very low uptake was observed in EDTA and penicillamine controls. Uptake rates were also enhanced after pre-exposure to cysteine or glutathione and inhibited in the presence of vanadate, suggesting a biological mechanism of uptake. Increasing concentrations of glutathione in solution resulted in decreasing Pb uptake rates, indicating competition for transport between free-glutathione and Pb-glutathione species. Pb uptake in the presence of increasing cysteine concentrations resulted in decreased uptake initially but linearly increasing uptake at higher concentrations. Experimentation showed concentration dependent Pb uptake rates. We speculate that there are specific transporters for these thiol ligands and describe what barriers remain for application of this novel transport mechanism in chelator-assisted phytoremediation. - Cysteine and glutathione mediate the transport of lead and cadmium into plant roots.

Effect of lead on imbibition, germination, and growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L.

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Gustavo Isaza Guzmán Isaza Guzmán

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Lead is highly reactive and it can be consequently toxic to living cells to both plants and humans. This heavy metal is a source of contamination to the environment and it disrupts natural cycles. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of lead on the imbibition process, germination and growth in the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. and maize (Zea mays L.. It was developed a system consisting of receptacles to expose flooded plants at different concentrations of the metal. Results showed that at concentrations of 5 g l-1 lead imbibition process was affected, but was more evident in bean. Germination percentage was not affected in maize seeds, while viability was affected in bean seeds. We observed statistically that there is an effect on organ growth of root, stem and leaf in both species in the presence of solution whose effect is most noticeable in bean plants. Key words: heavy metals,phytoremediation, stress, toxic substances

Cysteine- and glutathione-mediated uptake of lead and cadmium into Zea mays and Brassica napus roots

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vadas, Timothy M., E-mail: tvadas@umbc.ed [Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 320 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 (United States); Ahner, Beth A., E-mail: baa7@cornell.ed [Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 320 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 (United States)

2009-08-15

This study examines a new mechanism for the uptake of Pb and Cd into Brassica napus and Zea mays roots. During hydroponic experiments, the uptake of Pb and Cd was enhanced in the presence of cysteine and glutathione, whereas no or very low uptake was observed in EDTA and penicillamine controls. Uptake rates were also enhanced after pre-exposure to cysteine or glutathione and inhibited in the presence of vanadate, suggesting a biological mechanism of uptake. Increasing concentrations of glutathione in solution resulted in decreasing Pb uptake rates, indicating competition for transport between free-glutathione and Pb-glutathione species. Pb uptake in the presence of increasing cysteine concentrations resulted in decreased uptake initially but linearly increasing uptake at higher concentrations. Experimentation showed concentration dependent Pb uptake rates. We speculate that there are specific transporters for these thiol ligands and describe what barriers remain for application of this novel transport mechanism in chelator-assisted phytoremediation. - Cysteine and glutathione mediate the transport of lead and cadmium into plant roots.

USO DE TABACO ENTRE ADOLESCENTES: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

OpenAIRE

Amanda Márcia dos Santos Reinaldo; Camila Cesar Goecking; Jennifer Perucci de Almeida; Yasmin Narciso Goulart

2010-01-01

Revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el uso de tabaco entre adolescentes. La utilización del tabaco entre adolescentes, en general, puede estar asociada al éxito, a la necesidad de aceptación, a cuestiones familiares, entre otros factores que incentivan de cierta forma a su uso. Las políticas de salud para el área trabajan para prevenir y reducir el consumo, alertando en relación al riesgo al que tal población se expone cuando utiliza tabaco. Conocer el perfil de los adolescentes que u...

Anti-inflammatory effects of Zea mays L. husk extracts.

Science.gov (United States)

Roh, Kyung-Baeg; Kim, Hyoyoung; Shin, Seungwoo; Kim, Young-Soo; Lee, Jung-A; Kim, Mi Ok; Jung, Eunsun; Lee, Jongsung; Park, Deokhoon

2016-08-19

Zea mays L. (Z. mays) has been used for human consumption in the various forms of meal, cooking oil, thickener in sauces and puddings, sweetener in processed food and beverage products, bio-disel. However, especially, in case of husk extract of Z. mays, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of Z. mays husk extract (ZMHE) and its mechanisms of action were investigated. The husks of Z. Mays were harvested in kangwondo, Korea. To assess the anti-inflammatory activities of ZMHE, we examined effects of ZMHE on nitric oxide (NO) production, and release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and eotaxin-1. The expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene was also determined by Western blot and luciferase reporter assays. To determine its mechanisms of action, a luciferase reporter assay for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) was introduced. ZMHE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of NO in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, expression of iNOS gene was reduced, as confirmed by Western blot and luciferase reporter assays. Effects of ZMHE on the AP-1 and NF-kB promoters were examined to elucidate the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity. Activation of AP-1 and NF-kB promoters induced by LPS was significantly reduced by ZMHE treatment. In addition, LPS-induced production of sICAM-1 and IL-4-induced production of eotaxin-1 were all reduced by ZMHE. Our results indicate that ZMHE has anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of iNOS gene and its downregulation is mediated by inhibiting NF-kB and AP-1 signaling.

Relação entre ansiedade, depressão e desesperança entre grupos de idosos Relación entre ansiedad, depresión y desesperanza entre grupos de ancianos Relations between anxiety, depression and hopelessness among elderly groups

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Katya Luciane de Oliveira

2006-08-01

Full Text Available O envelhecimento é uma etapa da vida que permanece pouco conhecida e estudada, se comparada a outras fases do desenvolvimento humano. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se explorar a relação entre ansiedade, depressão e desesperança entre grupos de idosos. Participaram deste estudo 79 idosos provenientes de centro do terceira idade de um posto de retirada de medicamentos e de uma instituição asilar. Utilizou-se um questionário para os dados de caracterização dos idosos, bem como as escalas Beck para mensurar sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e desesperança. Os resultados evidenciaram relação estatisticamente significativa entre ansiedade, depressão e desesperança nos idosos. O grupo de asilares apresentou uma maior incidência de sintomas ansiosos, depressivos e desesperançosos em relação aos outros dois grupos.El envejecimiento es una etapa de la vida que permanece poco conocida o estudiada, al ser comparada a otras fases del desarrollo humano. Esta investigación buscó explorar la relación entre ansiedad, depresión y desesperanza entre grupos de ancianos. Participaron en este estudio 79 adultos mayores provenientes de tres sitios diferentes: un centro de tercera edad, un puesto de retirada de medicinas y un asilo. Un cuestionario para los datos de caracterización de los ancianos fue utilizado, así como las escalas Beck para mensurar síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y desesperanza. Los resultados dejaron en evidencia relación estadísticamente significativa entre dichos síntomas en los adultos mayores. El grupo proveniente del asilo presentó mayor incidencia de manifestaciones en relación con los demás grupos.Aging is a life stage that remains hardly ever studied and, consequently, unknown if compared to other human development phases. This research investigates the relation between anxiety, depression and hopelessness among elderly groups. 79 elderly people, from three different units, such as a 'third-age-center', a center of

Características biológicas de parasitóide de ovos criados em diferentes hospedeiros

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Ariana Lisboa Meira

2017-04-01

Full Text Available As espécies de Trichogramma são agentes biológicos que contribuem para o controle de lepidópteros. Objetivou-se neste trabalho identificar qual espécie de Trichogramma apresenta melhor desempenho biológico quando criados em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae e Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae. Desta forma os parâmetros biológicos avaliados no período de ovo a adulto foram duração de ovo a adulto e percentual de emergência e no estágio adulto avaliou-se número de ovos parasitados, número de indivíduos por ovo e razão sexual em Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Planter (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae e Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Planter (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae.  Para o período de ovo a adulto, A. kuehniella, H. zea e P. xylostella não apresentaram diferença quando criados com as mesmas espécies de Trichogramma para a duração do ciclo de desenvolvimento e não houve diferença para o percentual de emergência entre os três hospedeiros em estudo. Em relação aos parâmetros avaliados no estágio adulto, para número de ovos parasitados, somente A. kuehniella, diferenciou entre as espécies de Trichogramma. O número de indivíduos por ovo, os maiores valores foram observados quando as espécies de Trichogramma foram criadas com ovos de H. zea. A razão sexual, T. atopovirilia diferiu apenas para A. kuehniella. As duas espécies de Trichogramma estão aptas a se desenvolverem nos hospedeiros A. kuehniella e P. xylostella. Contudo para o hospedeiro H. zea, T. exiguum foi à espécie que obteve melhor desempenho, parasitando maior número de ovos e obtendo maior número de indivíduos por ovo.

EFECTO DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS DE ZEA MAYS L. Y DE BETA VULGARIS SOBRE EL PERFIL LIPIDICO EN RATAS NORVERGICUS WISTAR HIPERCOLESTEROLEMICAS. BIOTERIO U.C.S.M. AREQUIPA 2015

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HERRERA ENRÍQUEZ, PAMELA CATHERINE

2016-01-01

LIPIDOGRAMA COLESTEROL FUNCIONES DEL COLESTEROL TRANSPORTE DEL COLESTEROL EXCRECIÓN DEL COLESTEROL DETERMINACIÓN DEL COLESTEROL TOTAL (SUERO-PLASMA) LIPOPROTEÍNAS TIPOS DE LIPOPROTEÍNAS TRIGLICÉRIDOS SÍNTESIS DE TRIGLICÉRIDOS TRANSPORTE DE TRIGLICÉRIDOS DETERMINACIÓN DE TRIGLICÉRIDOS ALTERACIONES DEL PERFIL LIPÍDICO DISLIPIDEMIA RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR GLOBAL (RCG) HIPERCOLESTEROLEMIA HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIA ATEROSCLEROSIS TRATAMIENTO DISLIPIDEMIAS FARMACOLÓGICO NO FARMACOLÓGICO MAÍZ MORADO- ZEA M...

Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and phytotoxic activity of corn (Zea mays) extracts against some indicator species.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Hiwa M

2018-03-01

Allelopathic effects of corn (Zea mays) extracts was studied, against seed germination and seedling growth of Phalaris minor, Helianthus annuus, Triticumaestivum, Sorghum halepense, Z. mays. Bioassay results showed that aqueous extracts of corn root and shoot, markedly affected seed germination, and other parameters compared with related controls. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids in both roots and shoot aqueous extracts. However, saponins were only present in the shoot aqueous extract, while in shoot ethanol extracts, only terpenoids and alkaloids were detected. Additionally, total polyphenolic (TPC) content in aqueous extracts of corn root and shoot, plus ethanol extracts of corn shoot were determined using an Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Results revealed TPC content of the corn shoot aqueous extract showed the highest yield, compared to other extracts. These findings suggest that phytochemicals present in Z. mays extracts may contribute to allelopathy effect.

Influence of electrical fields and asymmetric application of mucilage on curvature of primary roots of Zea mays

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Marcum, H.; Moore, R.

1990-01-01

Primary roots of Zea mays cv. Yellow Dent growing in an electric field curve towards the anode. Roots treated with EDTA and growing in electric field do not curve. When root cap mucilage is applied asymmetrically to tips of vertically-oriented roots, the roots curve toward the mucilage. Roots treated with EDTA curve toward the side receiving mucilage and toward blocks containing 10 mM CaCl2, but not toward "empty" agar blocks or the cut surfaces of severed root tips. These results suggest that 1) free calcium (Ca) is necessary for root electrotropism, 2) mucilage contains effector(s) that induce gravitropiclike curvature, and 3) mucilage can replace gravitropic effectors chelated by EDTA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the downward movement of gravitropic effectors to the lower sides of tips of horizontally-oriented roots occurs at least partially in the apoplast.

Movement and leaching losses of N-CO(15NH2)2 fertilizer in a alfisol under a corn crop (Zea mays, L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araujo Silva, J.C. de.

1982-01-01

In an oxid Paleudalf (Terra Roxa Estruturada) the nitrogen leaching losses are studied in a corn crop (Zea mays, L.) during one growing cycle (from 1979 October to 1980 February), through the study of soil water dynamics. The complete crop water balance is established using Hg manometer tensiometers. The variations of the NO - 3 -N concentration with the time and soil depth (60, 90 and 120cm) were followed by ceramic porous cup samples, some suggestions about the use of tensiometers and oil solutions samplers are presented, as well as, an apendice methodology used to determine the soil water conduction coefficients. (M.A.C.) [pt

Floridablanca entre la modernidad y la posmodernidad

OpenAIRE

Senatore, María Ximena

2007-01-01

Este artículo se centra en los diálogos entre el pasado y el presente creados en el marco de la modernidad y de la posmodernidad. La arqueología como práctica social puede ser entendida como un diálogo pasado-presente. Floridablanca es una historia, un sitio, una experiencia, una idea, una utopía. Es también un punto de encuentro entre modernidad y posmodernidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar ciertas reflexiones sobre los diálogos pasado-presente que crean, transforman y reproducen...

Proteome Changes in Maize Embryo (Zea mays L) Induced by Ion Beam Implantation Treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Yongliang; Qin Guangyong; Huo Yuping; Tian Shuangqi; Tang Jihua

2009-01-01

Low energy ion beam implantation was applied to the maize (Zea mays L) embryo proteome using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein profile analysis detected more than 1100 protein spots, 72 of which were determined to be expressed differently in the treated and control (not exposed to ion beam implantation) embryos. Of the 72 protein spots, 53 were up-regulated in the control and 19 were more abundantly expressed in the ion beam-treated embryos. The spots of up- or down-regulated proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Among the identified proteins, 11 were up-regulated in the treated embryos. Four of these up-regulated proteins were antioxidant molecules, three were related to stress response, two to sugar metabolism and two were associated with heat shock response. Of the five proteins up-regulated in the control embryos, three were functionally related to carbohydrate metabolism; the functions of the remaining two proteins were unknown. The data collected during this study indicate that treatment of maize embryos with low energy ion beam implantation induces changes in stress tolerance enzymes/proteins, possibly as a result of alterations in metabolism. (ion beam bioengineering)

Proteome Changes in Maize Embryo (Zea mays L) Induced by Ion Beam Implantation Treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yongliang; Tang, Jihua; Qin, Guangyong; Huo, Yuping; Tian, Shuangqi

2009-08-01

Low energy ion beam implantation was applied to the maize (Zea mays L) embryo proteome using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein profile analysis detected more than 1100 protein spots, 72 of which were determined to be expressed differently in the treated and control (not exposed to ion beam implantation) embryos. Of the 72 protein spots, 53 were up-regulated in the control and 19 were more abundantly expressed in the ion beam-treated embryos. The spots of up- or down-regulated proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Among the identified proteins, 11 were up-regulated in the treated embryos. Four of these up-regulated proteins were antioxidant molecules, three were related to stress response, two to sugar metabolism and two were associated with heat shock response. Of the five proteins up-regulated in the control embryos, three were functionally related to carbohydrate metabolism; the functions of the remaining two proteins were unknown. The data collected during this study indicate that treatment of maize embryos with low energy ion beam implantation induces changes in stress tolerance enzymes/proteins, possibly as a result of alterations in metabolism.

Effect of a longitudinally applied voltage upon the growth of Zea mays seedlings

Science.gov (United States)

Desrosiers, M. F.; Bandurski, R. S.

1988-01-01

The electrical parameters that affect young seedling growth were investigated. Voltages ranging from 5 to 40 volts were applied longitudinally along the mesocotyl region of 4-day old Zea mays L. (cv Silver Queen) seedlings for periods of 3 or 4 hours. It was determined that: (a) making the tips of the seedlings electrically positive relative to the base strongly inhibited shoot growth at 5 volts, whereas the reverse polarity had no effect; (b) at higher voltages, making the tip of the seedlings negative caused less growth inhibition than the reverse polarity at each voltage level; (c) the higher the applied voltage the greater the degree of inhibition; and, (d) the more growth inhibition experienced by the plants the poorer, and slower, their recovery. Previous observations of a relationship between the amount of free indole-3-acetic acid in the mesocotyl cortex and the growth rate of the mesocotyl and of gravitropism-induced movement of labeled indole-3-acetic acid from the seed to the shoot lead to the prediction of a voltage-dependent gating of the movement of indole-3-acetic acid from the stele to the cortex. This provided the basis for attempting to alter the growth rate of seedlings by means of an applied voltage.

Isoenzymatic variation in the germplasm of Brazilian races of maize (Zea mays L.

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Gimenes Marcos Aparecido

2000-01-01

Full Text Available There are more than 200 races of maize (Zea mays L. divided into three groups (ancient commercial races, the recent commercial races, and indigenous races. Although the indigenous races have no commercial value, they have many important characteristics which can be incorporated into maize breeding programs. Most Brazilian indigenous germplasm race stocks were collected at least 40 years ago, and nothing is known of the genetic variability present in this germplasm. The genetic variability was assayed in 15 populations from four indigenous races of maize (Caingang, Entrelaçado, Lenha and Moroti and five indigenous cultivars, using five isoenzymatic systems encoded by 14 loci. The analysis revealed a low level of variability among the samples studied. Overall, the mean number of alleles/polymorphic locus was three, 64.3% of the loci analyzed being polymorphic and the estimated heterozygosity was 0.352. The mean number of alleles/polymorphic locus per population was 1.6. A mean of 47.5% of the loci were polymorphic. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.195, the mean genetic identity was 0.821 and the proportion of total genetic diversity partitioned among populations (Gst was 0.156. A founder effect could explain the low variability detected.

A novel Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. MYC-type ICE-like transcription factor gene ZmmICE1, enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Xiang; Yang, Lei; Yu, Mengyuan; Lai, Jianbin; Wang, Chao; McNeil, David; Zhou, Meixue; Yang, Chengwei

2017-04-01

The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L., a member of the teosinte group, is a close wild relative of maize and thus can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, an ICE-like gene, ZmmICE1, was isolated from a cDNA library of RNA-Seq from cold-treated seedling tissues of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. The deduced protein of ZmmICE1 contains a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and C-terminal region of ICE-like proteins. The ZmmICE1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows sumoylation when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. In addition, yeast one hybrid assays indicated that ZmmICE1 has transactivation activities. Moreover, ectopic expression of ZmmICE1 in the Arabidopsis ice1-2 mutant increased freezing tolerance. The ZmmICE1 overexpressed plants showed lower electrolyte leakage (EL), reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of downstream cold related genes of Arabidopsis C-repeat-binding factors (AtCBF1, AtCBF2 and AtCBF3), cold-responsive genes (AtCOR15A and AtCOR47), kinesin-1 member gene (AtKIN1) and responsive to desiccation gene (AtRD29A) was significantly induced when compared with wild type under low temperature treatment. Taken together, these results indicated that ZmmICE1 is the homolog of Arabidopsis inducer of CBF expression genes (AtICE1/2) and plays an important role in the regulation of freezing stress response. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Genetic and cellular analysis of cross-incompatibility in Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Yongxian; Kermicle, Jerry L; Evans, Matthew M S

2014-03-01

Three genetic systems conferring cross-incompatibility have been described in Zea mays: Teosinte crossing barrier1-strong (Tcb1-s) found in teosinte, and Gametophyte factor1-strong (Ga1-s) and Ga2-s found in maize and teosinte. The reproductive barrier between maize and some weedy teosintes is controlled by the Tcb1-s locus. Multi-generation inheritance experiments on two independent Tcb1-s lineages show that the Tcb1-s barrier is unstable in some maize lines. Reciprocal crosses between Tcb1-s tester plants and three recombinants in the Tcb1-s mapping region demonstrate that the Tcb1-s haplotype contains separable male and female components. In vivo assays of the dynamics of pollen tube growth and pollen tube morphology during rejection of incompatible pollen in silks carrying the Tcb1-s, Ga1-s, or Ga2-s barriers showed that, in all three, pollen tube growth is slower than in compatible crosses at early stages and had ceased by 24 h after pollination. In all three crossing barrier systems, incompatible pollen tubes have clustered callose plugs in contrast to pollen tubes of compatible crosses. Incompatible pollen tubes growing in the Tcb1-s, Ga1-s, and Ga2-s silks have different morphologies: straight, curved, and kinked, respectively. The distinct morphologies suggest that these crossing barriers block incompatible pollen through different mechanisms. This study lays the foundation for cloning the Tcb1 genes and provides clues about the cellular mechanisms involved in pollen rejection in the Tcb1-s, Ga1-s, and Ga2-s crossing barriers.

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA ENTRE SUBPOBLACIONES RACIALES BOVINAS DE COSTA RICA

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Marco Martínez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la diversidad genética entre 16 subpoblaciones raciales bovinas de Costa Rica, con base en 1412 muestras de ADN bovino de todo el país, evaluadas mediante 18 marcadores microsatélites. El número promedio de alelos (Na por locus dentro de raza fue de 10,3, que varían entre 8 (Holstein×Jersey y 13 (Criolla para doble propósito. El número promedio de alelos efectivo (Ne fue de 5,04, con cambios entre 4,18 (Jersey y 5,64 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus. La heterocigosidad observada promedio fue de 0,77, variando entre 0,73 (Jersey y 0,81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus. La heterocigosidad esperada (He promedio fue de 0,78, que oscilan entre 0,74 (Jersey y Holstein×Jersey y 0,81 (Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Criolla para doble propósito y Cruces para doble propósito. El contenido de información polimórfica (PIC fue de 0,76, con variaciones entre 0,71 (Jersey y Holstein×Jersey y 0,79 (Criollas para doble propósito y Cruces para doble propósito. El FIS promedio fue de 0,02, con oscilaciones entre -0,03 (Holstein×Jersey a 0,04 (Brahman, Criolla para carne y Cruces para leche. La desviación del equilibrio Hardy Weinberg no fue significativa (p>0,05 en la mayoría de los loci para las subpoblaciones raciales. El subgrupo con mayor número de loci en desequilibrio fue Jersey (8 loci, mientras que los subgrupos Bos taurus×Bos indicus, Criolla para leche y Holstein×Jersey presentaron solo 1 locus en desequilibrio. Los índices de fijación FIS (0,02, FIT (0,05 y FST (0,03 indicaron cierta tendencia hacia la homocigosidad. Los dendrogramas mostraron 3 agrupaciones raciales claramente diferenciadas que coinciden con las razas de origen Bos taurus, Bos indicus y sus respectivos cruces. Los resultados del análisis indicaron que el número de microsatélites empleados sí permitió establecer una discriminación clara a nivel de las frecuencias alélicas y en la distribución del tamaño de los alelos entre las

Relación entre el consumo de drogas y maltrato infantil entre estudiantes universitarios de la universidad en Colombia

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Monica Rosaura Garcia Baquero

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación examina la relación entre el uso de drogas en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública en Villavicencio, Colombia, y su relación con el maltrato durante la niñez, utilizando como referente teórico la perspectiva bioecológica. Estudio exploratorio retrospectivo, con una muestra de 313 estudiantes de pregrado. El 10.2% de los encuestados refiere haber sido maltratado en la Infancia y la violencia de mayor uso fue la violencia física seguida de la violencia psicológica. El 56.9% de las estudiantes encuestados han consumido sustancias psicoactivas en algún momento de la vida, y su inicio entre los 13 y los 18 años. Se evidencia maltrato en la infancia con manifestaciones de agresiones físicas, al igual que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, pero no se observa una relación estadísticamente significativa entre maltrato durante la infancia y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la muestra estudiada.

Entre Madres: Talleres de Comunicación

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Cardoso Moreno, María Jesús; Aragonés, Lucía Tomás

2015-01-01

En el presente artículo se expone el trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo fue conocer el grado de satisfacción de las madres con un taller de formación denominado "Entremadres". Las 150 mujeres madres que participaron en el taller en la ciudad de Zaragoza, España, se conformaron en un grupo de 7 u 8 madres y estuvo compuesto por seis sesiones de dos horas cada una, entre los años 2008 y 2013. Este taller fue dirigido a madres con hijos de edades comprendidas entre 2 y 16 años. La frecuencia...

Diálogo entre el islamismo y occidente

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Ana María MARTÍN GÓMEZ

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza uno de los fenómenos más actuales de nuestras sociedades pluralistas y multiculturales: el encuentro entre la civilización occidental y la islámica. La elaboración de esta nota crítica se ha llevado a cabo tras la lectura de tres libros fundamentales acerca de esta temática: Un paseo por el laberinto. Sobre política y religión en el diálogo entre civilizaciones, de José María García Gómez-Heras, Laicismo, agnosticismo y fundamentalismo de Antonio García-Santesmases, y El islamismo contra el Islam. Las claves para entender el terrorismo yihadista, de Gustavo de Arístegui. A partir de estos tres ensayos, se ha emprendido un estudio filosófico de la situación actual entre el islamismo y Occidente.

Myo-inositol esters of indole-3-acetic acid are endogenous components of Zea mays L. shoot tissue

Science.gov (United States)

Chisnell, J. R.

1984-01-01

Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol esters have been demonstrated to be endogenous components of etiolated Zea mays shoots tissue. This was accomplished by comparison of the putative compounds with authentic, synthetic esters. The properties compared were liquid and gas-liquid chromatographic retention times and the 70-ev mass spectral fragmentation pattern of the pentaacetyl derivative. The amount of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol esters in the shoots was determined to be 74 nanomoles per kilogram fresh weight as measured by isotope dilution, accounting for 19% of the ester indole-3-acetic acid of the shoot. This work is the first characterization of an ester conjugate of indole-3-acetate acid from vegetative shoot tissue using multiple chromatographic properties and mass spectral identification. The kernel and the seedling shoot both contain indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol esters, and these esters comprise approximately the same percentage of the total ester content of the kernel and of the shoot.

Allocation and source attribution of lead and cadmium in maize (Zea mays L.) impacted by smelting emissions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bi Xiangyang; Feng Xinbin; Yang Yuangen; Li Xiangdong; Shin, Grace P.Y.; Li Feili; Qiu Guangle; Li Guanghui; Liu Taoze; Fu Zhiyou

2009-01-01

Plants grown in contaminated areas may accumulate trace metals to a toxic level via their roots and/or leaves. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and sources of Pb and Cd in maize plants (Zea mays L.) grown in a typical zinc smelting impacted area of southwestern China. Results showed that the smelting activities caused significantly elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd in the surrounding soils and maize plants. Pb isotope data revealed that the foliar uptake of atmospheric Pb was the dominant pathway for Pb to the leaf and grain tissues of maize, while Pb in the stalk and root tissues was mainly derived from root uptake. The ratio of Pb to Cd concentrations in the plants indicated that Cd had a different behavior from Pb, with most Cd in the maize plants coming from the soil via root uptake. - The sources and pathways of Pb and Cd accumulated in maize were assessed using Pb isotopes and Pb/Cd ratios

Allocation and source attribution of lead and cadmium in maize (Zea mays L.) impacted by smelting emissions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bi Xiangyang [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002 (China); Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074 (China); Feng Xinbin [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002 (China)], E-mail: fengxinbin@vip.skleg.cn; Yang Yuangen [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002 (China); Li Xiangdong; Shin, Grace P.Y. [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Li Feili [College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032 (China); Qiu Guangle; Li Guanghui; Liu Taoze; Fu Zhiyou [State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002 (China)

2009-03-15

Plants grown in contaminated areas may accumulate trace metals to a toxic level via their roots and/or leaves. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and sources of Pb and Cd in maize plants (Zea mays L.) grown in a typical zinc smelting impacted area of southwestern China. Results showed that the smelting activities caused significantly elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd in the surrounding soils and maize plants. Pb isotope data revealed that the foliar uptake of atmospheric Pb was the dominant pathway for Pb to the leaf and grain tissues of maize, while Pb in the stalk and root tissues was mainly derived from root uptake. The ratio of Pb to Cd concentrations in the plants indicated that Cd had a different behavior from Pb, with most Cd in the maize plants coming from the soil via root uptake. - The sources and pathways of Pb and Cd accumulated in maize were assessed using Pb isotopes and Pb/Cd ratios.

Identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria from corn (Zea mays L.) roots with biotechnological potential in agriculture.

Science.gov (United States)

Szilagyi-Zecchin, Vivian Jaskiw; Ikeda, Angela Cristina; Hungria, Mariangela; Adamoski, Douglas; Kava-Cordeiro, Vanessa; Glienke, Chirlei; Galli-Terasawa, Lygia Vitória

2014-01-01

Six endophytic bacteria of corn roots were identified as Bacillus sp. and as Enterobacter sp, by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Four of the strains, CNPSo 2476, CNPSo 2477, CNPSo 2478 and CNPSo 2480 were positive for the nitrogen fixation ability evaluated through the acetylene reduction assay and amplification of nifH gene. Two Bacillus strains (CNPSo 2477 and CNPSo 2478) showed outstanding skills for the production of IAA, siderophores and lytic enzymes, but were not good candidates as growth promoters, because they reduced seed germination. However, the same strains were antagonists against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium verticillioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora zea-maydis. As an indication of favorable bacterial action, Enterobacter sp. CNPSo 2480 and Bacillus sp. CNPSo 2481 increased the root volume by 44% and 39%, respectively, and the seed germination by 47% and 56%, respectively. Therefore, these two strains are good candidates for future testing as biological inoculants for corn.

Effect of mulch types on nutrient composition, maize (Zea mays L. yield and soil properties of a tropical Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria

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Matthew Awopegba

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Field investigations were carried out to evaluate the influence of shrub and herbaceous mulch types on soil properties and nutrient composition of maize (Zea mays L. at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure in the rainforest zone of southwestern Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The shrub mulch; Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia, herbaceous mulch; Calopogonium mucunoides and Moringa oleifera were applied at the rate of 5 t ha-1. Application of NPK (20:10:10 fertilizer at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 was included as the standard treatment for the experiments. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD with three replication. The growth, agronomic parameters and nutritional quality of maize (Zea mays L. were monitored and determined in both experiments. Results indicated that herbaceous mulch types and NPK fertilizer significantly (P<0.05 increased the number of leaves, plant height and leaf area when compared with the control in both years. Significant increases in yield parameters over the control were obtained for the NPK fertilizer treatment. In 2013 and 2014 cropping season NPK 20-10-10 treatment significantly produced the highest cob yield but was not significantly higher than the yield from Gliricidia sepium treatment in 2014. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N, potassium (K, and exchangeable cations were positively stimulated by herbaceous mulches while residual phosphorus (P was increased by NPK fertilizer treatment. Mulched treatments significantly increased crude protein, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and ash content of maize grain in both years of cropping season thereby improving nutritional content of maize grain. Therefore, shrub and herbaceous mulch treatments applied at 5t/ha-1 could be applied alternatively in lieu of scarce and expensive inorganic fertilizer for improved maize yield, soil properties and nutrient composition.

Evidence for the Translocation of Gibberellin A_3 and Gibberellin-Like Substances in Grafts between Normal, Dwarf_1 and Dwarf_5 Seedlings of Zea mays L.

OpenAIRE

M., Katsumi; D.E., Foard; B.O., Phinney; Biology Department, International Christian University; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University; Department of Biology, University of California

1983-01-01

Approach grafts were made between the cut surfaces of mesocotyls from normal and dwarf seedlings of Zea mays L. (maize). The dwarfs were the non-allelic single gene gibberellin mutants, dwarf_1 and dwarf_5. The graft combinations were normal-normal, normal-dwarf_1, normal-dwarf_5, dwarf_1-dwarf_1, dwarf_5-dwarf_5, and dwarf_1-dwarf_5. The grafts were used to demonstrate the movement of gibberellin-like substances across the union. GA_3, added to one member of the graft, resulted in leaf-sheat...

Correlação linear e espacial entre produtividade de milho (Zea mays L. e atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob plantio direto do Cerrado Brasileiro = Linear and spatial correlation between corn grains productivity (Zea mays L. and physical attributes in a Haplic Acrustox under no-tillage in the Brazilian Savannah

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Marcio Lustosa Santos

2006-07-01

Full Text Available A produtividade vegetal depende de vários fatores, dentre eles a densidade e a porosidade do solo. No ano agrícola 2004/2005, na Fazenda Experimental de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Engenharia (Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, Estado de São Paulo (22º23’’ latitude S; 51º27’’ longitude W, foram analisados a produtividade de grãos de milho (PG, irrigado com pivô central, as densidades da partícula (DP e do solo (DS e a porosidade total (PT de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, sob plantio direto. O objetivo foi estudar as correlações lineares e espaciais entre os atributos. Foi instalada uma rede geoestatística, para a coleta dos dados do solo e da planta, contendo 120 pontos amostrais, numa área de 0,8 ha. Os atributos do solo apresentaram baixa variabilidade de seus dados, sendo média no da planta. A DS e a PT, na camada superficial, e a PG não variaram aleatoriamente. Elas seguiram padrões espaciais bem definidos, com alcances entre 28,6 e 60,6 m. As correlações lineares múltiplas indicaram que a PT1, a PT3 e a DS3 foram atributos significativos, quando correlacionados com a PG. Entre os atributos do solo, as correlações lineares simples variaram elasticamente. Contudo, quando correlacionados com a PG, tais correlações pouco variaram. Ainda que com reservas devido à baixa correlação, com o aumento da DS3 ocorreu uma diminuição da PG. Por outro lado, as correlações espaciais entre os atributos do solo e a PG foram praticamente nulas, sendo, contudo, elevadas quando exclusivamente entre aqueles do solo.Thevegetal productivity depends on several factors, including the bulk density and the soil porosity. The corn grains yield (GY, under no-tillage system and irrigated, and the following soil attributes (particle density-PD, bulk density-BD, and the total porosity-TP, in a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Haplic Acrustox, located at the Experimental Station of the Faculdade de Agronomia (Unesp, in Ilha

Involvement of an antioxidant defense system in the adaptive response to cadmium in maize seedlings (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Xianghua; Liu, Cuiying; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Li, Renying; Deng, Wenjing

2014-11-01

Chemical and biological analyses were used to investigate the growth response and antioxidant defense mechanism of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) grown in soils with 0-100 mg kg(-1) Cd. Results showed that maize seedlings have strong abilities to accumulate and tolerate high concentrations of Cd. For soil with 50 mg kg(-1) Cd, the Cd contents in roots and shoots of maize seedlings are as large as 295.6 and 153.0 mg kg(-1) DW, respectively, without visible symptoms of toxicity. Lower soil Cd concentrations lead to a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content in leaves of maize seedlings, whereas higher soil Cd concentrations resulted in an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Maize seedlings have strong capacities to adapt to low concentrations of Cd by consuming GSH and to develop an antioxidative enzyme system to defend against high-Cd stress.

Callose deposition during gravitropism of Zea mays and Pisum sativum and its inhibition by 2-deoxy-D-glucose

Science.gov (United States)

Jaffe, M. J.; Leopold, A. C.

1984-01-01

In etiolated corn (Zea mays L.) and etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings, a gravitropic stimulation induces the deposition of callose. In the corn coleoptiles this occurs within 5 min of gravity stimulation, and prior to the beginning of curvature. Both gravitropic curvature and callose deposition reach their maxima by 12 h. Within the first 2 h more callose is deposited on the upper (concave) side, but after 2-3 h, this deposition pattern is reversed. An inhibitor of protein glycosylation, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DDG), inhibits callose production and considerably retards gravitropic bending in both species of plants. Mannose can relieve the inhibition of gravitropic bending by DDG. The pea mutant "Ageotropum", which does not respond to gravity when etiolated, also fails to produce callose in response to a gravitic stimulus. These correlations indicate that callose deposition may be a biochemical component of gravitropism in plant shoots.

“Entre propietarios y migrantes: los encuentros y desencuentros entre Colonos y Aguarunas en el alto mayo”

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Kenneth E. Garces Montes

2013-10-01

Full Text Available La dinámica de conflictos entre colonos y nativos en el Alto Mayo, ha dado como producto continuosenfrentamientos entre caseríos de colonos y comunidades nativas colindantes, así como una seriede procesos judiciales por “usurpación de tierras”, en los cuales no se logra una ejecución efectiva dela sentencia a pesar que esta sea favorable a los nativos, debido a la distancia social que existe entrelos operadores estatales y el conflicto real. Por su parte los mecanismos de convivencia entre colonosy nativos se inician mediante el alquiler de tierras, diseñada como una fórmula temporal para quelos colonos se retiren una vez vencido el plazo del alquiler, sin embargo la ampliación de los plazosprovoca que los mismos adquieran vocación de permanencia.Una serie de actores, de primer, segundo y tercer orden interactúan alrededor de las dos dinámicasde relacionamiento mencionadas; tales como las ONGs, el Estado, organizaciones indígenas, einclusive mafias de traficantes de tierras. Ante esta realidad tan compleja conviene hacer el ejerciciode plantear propuestas de adaptabilidad (o subsistencia de las comunidades nativas, en las quese visualice la supervivencia de lo local frente a lo global en lo que a demarcación de tierras de lascomunidades nativas se refiere.

Nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad

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Luis Gallardo Vera

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo contribuye a establecer nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad. La adopción del prisma estratégico en los estudios retóricos de la publicidad no es común, sin embargo, la relación entre retórica y publicidad a un nivel estratégico es evidente, teniendo presente los estudios que han investigado la simbiosis entre las dos actividades.Del universo compuesto por las investigaciones sobre retórica y publicidad se seleccionó una muestra de las obras susceptibles de responder a la pregunta de cuáles son los nexos estratégicos entre la retórica y la publicidad. Con este criterio se conformó una muestra teóricamente conducida del universo. La hipótesis de partida ha sido que, si existen documentos que indaguen en la relación entre la retórica y la publicidad, es posible construir un documento que muestre de un modo amplio cuáles son los nexos estratégicos entre ambas actividades. Finalmente, se contrastó que, efectivamente, este documento es único al mostrar ampliamente cuáles son los nexos estratégicos existentes entre la retórica y la publicidad.

Elevated carbon dioxide reduces emission of herbivore-induced volatiles in Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Block, Anna; Vaughan, Martha M; Christensen, Shawn A; Alborn, Hans T; Tumlinson, James H

2017-09-01

Terpene volatiles produced by sweet corn (Zea mays) upon infestation with pests such as beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) function as part of an indirect defence mechanism by attracting parasitoid wasps; yet little is known about the impact of climate change on this form of plant defence. To investigate how a central component of climate change affects indirect defence, we measured herbivore-induced volatile emissions in plants grown under elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). We found that S. exigua infested or elicitor-treated Z. mays grown at elevated CO 2 had decreased emission of its major sesquiterpene, (E)-β-caryophyllene and two homoterpenes, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene. In contrast, inside the leaves, elicitor-induced (E)-β-caryophyllene hyper-accumulated at elevated CO 2 , while levels of homoterpenes were unaffected. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the induction of terpene synthase genes following treatment was lower in plants grown at elevated CO 2 . Our data indicate that elevated CO 2 leads both to a repression of volatile synthesis at the transcriptional level and to limitation of volatile release through effects of CO 2 on stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that elevated CO 2 may alter the ability of Z. mays to utilize volatile terpenes to mediate indirect defenses. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

NUTRIENTS POOL IN CONSORTIA OF Eucalyptus urograndis, Acacia mearnsii AND Zea mays

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Márcio Viera

2013-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810543This study aimed to determine the nutrient pool in monospecific and mixed stands of Eucalyptus urograndis and Acacia mearnsii in a consortium with Zea mays.The amount determination of nutrients of forest species was carried out in the treatments: 100E (100% of eucalyptus; 100A (100% of black wattle and 50E:50A (50% of eucalyptus + 50% of black-wattle. On the other hand, for corn, it was carried out in all treatments (100E; 100A, 50E:50A; 75E:25A – 75% of eucalyptus + 25% black-wattle and 25E:75A – 25% of eucalyptus + 75% of black wattle. The delimitation adopted was the one of a randomized block with three replications. The magnitude of the nutrient pool in the agrossilvicultural systems biomass was: N> K > Ca > Mg > P > S, for macronutrients, and Mn > Fe > Zn > B > Cu, for micronutrients. Due to the great export of nutrients through the corn harvest, residues should be kept and it is necessary to make a nutritional reposition, mainly with P, N, K, S and Zn in the following crops, because of the higher amount that are exported with the extraction of the corn tang, which reaches 75.3; 60.6; 59.9; 55.8 e 53.8%, respectively, in relation to the total stocked in the biomass.

Chelant-assisted phytoextraction and accumulation of Zn by Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Gheju, M; Stelescu, I

2013-10-15

Zea mays plants were exposed to soils with concentrations of Zn ranging from 64 to 1800 mg kg(-1) dw, and the efficiency of three selected chelating agents (trisodium citrate (CI), disodium oxalate (OX) and disodium dihydrogen ethylene-diamine-tetraacetate (EDTA)) in enhancing metal phytoextraction was compared. Zn concentration in plant tissues increased in conjunction with the metal concentration of the soil. EDTA was found to be the most efficient chelating amendment, increasing concentrations of Zn in shoots from 88 mg kg(-1) dw, at 64 mg kg(-1) dw soil, to 8026 mg kg(-1) dw at 1800 mg kg(-1) dw soil. The overall orders of BCFs and TFs which resulted from this study are: EDTA > H2O > OX > CI, and EDTANa2 > OX > CI > H2O, respectively. The more effective uptake of Zn by plants for the control treatment (distilled water only) than for CI and OX was attributed to the neutral or slightly alkaline pH of the two chelant irrigation solutions. Instead, EDTA had a favorable effect on Zn uptake from soil due to its additive chelating and acidifying properties. Among the three chelants, only EDTA significantly increased the Zn phytoextraction potential of Z. mays, while CI and OX induced a low metal uptake from soil by plants. Although Z. mays has a lower Zn accumulation capacity than the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens, it could be considered as a potential phytoremediator of soils with elevated Zn concentrations, especially when metal pollution extends to depths greater than 20 cm. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence combinée des fumures organique et minérale sur la nutrition et le rendement du maïs (Zea mays: impact sur le diagnostic des carences du sol

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Akanza, KP.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Combined Influence of Manure and Fertilizers on Nutrition and Yield of Maize (Zea mays: Impact on the Diagnosis of Primary Soil Deficiencies. A trial was carried out at Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA station in Man, in order to study the effects of combined application of fertilizers and manure on the soil fertility, yields and nutrition of corn (Zea mays. Three doses of fertilizers and five amounts of manure were tested. Combination of levels' factors corresponds to fifteen treatments. Results show that manure is the engine of the improvement of soil fertility, nutrition and yields. All chemical characteristics of the soil have been improved, notably phosphorus, calcium and the total of exchangeable base cations. Impacts of these changes on soil' fertility, plant nutrition and performance have been established. A significant increase in the absorption of phosphorus and yield, due to manure, is observed. Soil phosphoric nutrition and yield of maize are related to the dose in the soil of each of these crucial nutrients by a quadratic production function. The ignorance of factors, that limit nutrition and production, maintains a low yield levels. Correction of deficiencies by a fertilization formula, adjusted to the soil and crop, restores productivity. Organic soil maintenance is an appropriate solution to the problems of the farmer.

Avaliação da silagem de diferentes híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L. por meio do desempenho de bezerros confinados em fase de crescimento Evaluation of silages of different corn hybrids (Zea mays, L. by feedlot performance of calves, during the growing phase

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Joilmaro Rodrigo Pereira Rosa

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio do desempenho animal, silagens de três híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L.: Agroceres AG-5011, Braskalb XL-344 e Cargill C-806. Foram utilizados 27 machos, não-castrados, mestiços Nelore x Charolês, com idade média de 10 meses e peso médio inicial de 252 kg, confinados durante 84 dias, subdivididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias. As silagens dos híbridos testados corresponderam a 70% da matéria seca ofertada. Não houve interação do híbrido de milho testado com o período de avaliação em confinamento, para os parâmetros estudados. A dieta que incluiu a silagem do híbrido AG-5011 resultou em maior consumo voluntário médio diário de matéria seca, expresso por 100 kg de peso vivo e tamanho metabólico, e maior consumo médio diário de fibra em detergente ácido, expresso nas diferentes formas, em relação aos híbridos XL-344 e C-806, que, por sua vez, foram semelhantes entre si. As dietas que incluíram silagens dos híbridos AG-5011, XL-344 e C-806 apresentaram semelhanças quanto ao consumo voluntário de matéria seca, expresso em kg/animal/dia (6,73; 6,05; e 6,19, consumo médio diário de FDN, em kg/dia (3,054; 2,837; e 2,836, e energia digestível, expressa nas diferentes formas, ganho de peso médio diário, em kg/dia (1,283; 1,219; e 1,249, ganho em estado corporal, conversão alimentar (5,26; 4,98; e 4,97 e eficiência energética (14,02; 13,68; e 13,21. Os três híbridos são indicados como materiais genéticos de muito boa qualidade para produção de silagem, promovendo ganhos de peso diário superior a 1,2 kg/animal/dia, quando utilizados em dietas com relação volumoso:concentrado de 70:30.The objective of the experiment was to evaluate, through feedlot performance of calves, three corn hybrids (Zea mays, L.: Agroceres AG-5011, Braskalb XL-344 and Cargill C-806. For the evaluation, 27 Nellore x Charolais non-castrated crossbred males with average age of 10 months and average initial

Screening for salt tolerance in maize (zea mays l.) hybrids at an early seedling stage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akram, M.; Mohsan; Ashraf, M.Y.; Ahmad, R.; Waraich, E.A.

2010-01-01

An efficient and simple mass screening technique for selection of maize hybrids for salt tolerance has been developed. Genetic variation for salt tolerance was assessed in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) using solution-culture technique. The study was conducted in solution culture exposed to four salinity levels (control, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl). Seven days old maize seedlings were transplanted in themopol sheet in iron tubs containing one half strength Hoagland nutrient solutions and salinized with common salt (NaCl). The experiment was conducted in the rain protected wire house of Stress Physiology Laboratory of NIAB, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Ten maize hybrids were used for screening against four salinity levels. Seedling of each hybrid was compared for their growth under saline conditions as a percentage of the control values. Considerable variations were observed in the root, shoot length and biomass of different hybrids at different salinity levels. The leaf sample analyzed for inorganic osmolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) showed that hybrid Pioneer 32B33 and Pioneer 30Y87 have high biomass, root shoot fresh weight and high ratio and showed best salt tolerance performance at all salinity levels on overall basis. (author)

Determination of the genotoxic effects of Convolvulus arvensis extracts on corn (Zea mays L.) seeds.

Science.gov (United States)

Sunar, Serap; Yildirim, Nalan; Aksakal, Ozkan; Agar, Guleray

2013-06-01

In this research, the methanolic extracts of Convolvulus arvensis were tested for genotoxic and inhibitor activity on the total soluble protein content and the genomic template stability against corn Zea mays L. seed. The methanol extracts of leaf, stem and root of C. arvensis were diluted to 50, 75 and 100 μl concentrations and applied to corn seed. The total soluble protein and genomic template stability results were compared with the control. The results showed that especially 100 μl extracts of diluted leaf, stem and root had a strong inhibitory activity on the genomic template stability. The changes occurred in random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of C. arvensis extract treatment included variation in band intensity, loss of bands and appearance of new bands compared with control. Also, the results obtained from this study revealed that the increase in the concentrations of C. arvensis extract increased the total soluble protein content in maize. The results suggested that RAPD analysis and total protein analysis could be applied as a suitable biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of plant allelochemicals.

Ammonia Assimilation in Zea mays L. Infected with a Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus fasciculatum.

Science.gov (United States)

Cliquet, J. B.; Stewart, G. R.

1993-03-01

To investigate nitrogen assimilation and translocation in Zea mays L. colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasciculatum (Thax. sensu Gerd.), we measured key enzyme activities, 15N incorporation into free amino acids, and 15N translocation from roots to shoots. Glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase activities were increased in both roots and shoots compared with control plants, and glutamate dehydrogenase activity increased in roots only. In the presence of [15N]ammonium, glutamine amide was the most heavily labeled product. More label was incorporated into amino acids in VAM plants. The kinetics of 15N labeling and effects of methionine sulfoximine on distribution of 15N-labeled products were entirely consistent with the operation of the glutamate synthase cycle. No evidence was found for ammonium assimilation via glutamate dehydrogenase. 15N translocation from roots to shoots through the xylem was higher in VAM plants compared with control plants. These results establish that, in maize, VAM fungi increase ammonium assimilation, glutamine production, and xylem nitrogen translocation. Unlike some ectomycorrhizal fungi, VAM fungi do not appear to alter the pathway of ammonium assimilation in roots of their hosts.

Induction of drought tolerance in zea mays l. by foliar application of triacontanol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perveen, S.; Iqbal, M.; Nawaz, A.

2016-01-01

In the present study, we assessed the effect of foliar application of triacontanol (TRIA) on various growth and physiochemical parameters of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars (cv. MMRI-Yellow and cv. Hybrid S-515) under different irrigation levels i.e., normal watering (control) and watering at 60% of the field capacity (drought). Seeds of the two maize cultivars were sown in plastic pots filled with sandy loam soil (2 kg in each). Foliar application of TRIA (0, 2 and 5 micro M) was performed after two weeks of drought stress to 28-day-old plants. Data of 58-day-old maize plants was collected for analysis of various growth and physiochemical attributes. Drought stress significantly decreased growth and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity while increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and the contents of total phenolics, total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine (GB) and free proline. Foliar treatment with TRIA further increased CAT and POD activities whereas decreased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H/sub 2/O/sub 2/), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics and GB in the maize plants when under drought stress. Of the two maize cultivars, cv. MMRI-Yellow excelled the growth under both normal and drought stress (60% of the field capacity). Overall, TRIA (5 micro M) was much more effective in modulating various growth and physiochemical attributes, and thus improving drought tolerance in maize plants. (author)

Nonadditive protein accumulation patterns in Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids during embryo development.

Science.gov (United States)

Marcon, Caroline; Schützenmeister, André; Schütz, Wolfgang; Madlung, Johannes; Piepho, Hans-Peter; Hochholdinger, Frank

2010-12-03

Heterosis describes the superior performance of heterozygous F(1)-hybrid plants compared to their homozygous parental inbred lines. In the present study, heterosis was detected for length, weight, and the time point of seminal root primordia initiation in maize (Zea mays L.) embryos of the reciprocal F(1)-hybrids UH005xUH250 and UH250xUH005. A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteome survey of the most abundant proteins of the reciprocal hybrids and their parental inbred lines 25 and 35 days after pollination revealed that 141 of 597 detected proteins (24%) exhibited nonadditive accumulation in at least one hybrid. Approximately 44% of all nonadditively accumulated proteins displayed an expression pattern that was not distinguishable from the low parent value. Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analyses and subsequent functional classification of the 141 proteins revealed that development, protein metabolism, redox-regulation, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism were the most prominent functional classes among nonadditively accumulated proteins. In 35-day-old embryos of the hybrid UH250xUH005, a significant up-regulation of enzymes related to glucose metabolism which often exceeded the best parent values was observed. A comparison of nonadditive protein accumulation between rice and maize embryo data sets revealed a significant overlap of nonadditively accumulated proteins suggesting conserved organ- or tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms in monocots related to heterosis.

Small amounts of ammonium (NH4+) can increase growth of maize (Zea mays)

KAUST Repository

George, Jessey

2016-09-16

Nitrate (NOequation image) and ammonium (NHequation image) are the predominant forms of nitrogen (N) available to plants in agricultural soils. Nitrate concentrations are generally ten times higher than those of NHequation image and this ratio is consistent across a wide range of soil types. The possible contribution of these small concentrations of NHequation image to the overall N budget of crop plants is often overlooked. In this study the importance of this for the growth and nitrogen budget of maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated, using agriculturally relevant concentrations of NHequation image. Maize inbred line B73 was grown hydroponically for 30 d at low (0.5 mM) and sufficient (2.5 mM) levels of NOequation image. Ammonium was added at 0.05 mM and 0.25 mM to both levels of NOequation image. At low NOequation image levels, addition of NHequation image was found to improve the growth of maize plants. This increased plant growth was accompanied by an increase in total N uptake, as well as total phosphorus, sulphur and other micronutrients in the shoot. Ammonium influx was higher than NOequation image influx for all the plants and decreased as the total N in the nutrient medium increased. This study shows that agriculturally relevant proportions of NHequation image supplied in addition to NOequation image can increase growth of maize.

Violencia sexual entre compañeros y violencia en parejas adolescentes

OpenAIRE

Ortega Ruiz, Rosario; Ortega Rivera, Francisco Javier; Sánchez Jiménez, Virginia

2008-01-01

El presente estudio ha analizado la presencia de violencia sexual entre compañeros y en las parejas adolescentes y jóvenes. Específicamente se han estudiado las diferencias por sexo, edad y estadio de la relación sentimental tanto en violencia sexual entre iguales como en las parejas, en una muestra de 490 adolescentes (55,7% chicos, 44,3% chicas, edad media 16.08 años). Los resultados descriptivos mostraron la misma incidencia de violencia sexual entre iguales y en las pa...

Arquitectura de comunicación entre frameworks jadesymfony

OpenAIRE

RODRÍGUEZ C., PAOLA J.; GÓMEZ R., SANTIAGO

2009-01-01

La inclusión del uso de Agentes dentro del campo del desarrollo de software es una de las principales áreas de estudio en la actualidad. Específicamente, el desarrollo de aplicaciones Web que aprovechen las ventajas que ofrece la tecnología de agentes y en especial las distintas propuestas de comunicación entre frameworks son esfuerzos importantes dentro de este campo. En este sentido, este artículo describe una arquitectura de comunicación entre dos de los principales frameworks de desarroll...

Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Maize (Zea mays L.) Carotenoid Epsilon Hydroxylase Gene

Science.gov (United States)

Sheng, Yanmin; Wang, Yingdian; Capell, Teresa; Shi, Lianxuan; Ni, Xiuzhen; Sandmann, Gerhard; Christou, Paul; Zhu, Changfu

2015-01-01

The assignment of functions to genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is necessary to understand how the pathway is regulated and to obtain the basic information required for metabolic engineering. Few carotenoid ε-hydroxylases have been functionally characterized in plants although this would provide insight into the hydroxylation steps in the pathway. We therefore isolated mRNA from the endosperm of maize (Zea mays L., inbred line B73) and cloned a full-length cDNA encoding CYP97C19, a putative heme-containing carotenoid ε hydroxylase and member of the cytochrome P450 family. The corresponding CYP97C19 genomic locus on chromosome 1 was found to comprise a single-copy gene with nine introns. We expressed CYP97C19 cDNA under the control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter in the Arabidopsis thaliana lut1 knockout mutant, which lacks a functional CYP97C1 (LUT1) gene. The analysis of carotenoid levels and composition showed that lutein accumulated to high levels in the rosette leaves of the transgenic lines but not in the untransformed lut1 mutants. These results allowed the unambiguous functional annotation of maize CYP97C19 as an enzyme with strong zeinoxanthin ε-ring hydroxylation activity. PMID:26030746

Selection of inbred maize (Zea mays L.) progenies by topcrosses conducted in contrasting environments.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigues, C S; Pacheco, C A P; Guedes, M L; Pinho, R G V; Castro, C R

2016-09-23

The aim of this study was to identify inbred progenies of S 0:1 maize (Zea mays L.) plants that were efficient at a low level of technology and responsive at a high level of technology through the use of topcrosses. Two contrasting environments were created using two levels of base fertilization and topdressing, so that the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were applied four times higher in one environment than in the other. We used S 0:1 progenies derived from commercial hybrids in topcrosses with two testers (an elite line from the flint heterotic group and an elite line from the dent heterotic group). The progenies and three controls were evaluated in an augmented block design in Nossa Senhora das Dores, SE, Brazil in the 2010 crop season. The average grain yield in the high-technological level was 21.44% greater than that in the low-technological level. There were no changes in progeny behavior in the two technological levels for grain yield. The testers did not differ in the average grain yield of the progenies at the two technological levels. Therefore, it is possible to select progenies derived from commercial hybrids that have an efficient response to fertilization.

Proteus mirabilis alleviates zinc toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in maize (Zea mays) plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Islam, Faisal; Yasmeen, Tahira; Riaz, Muhammad; Arif, Muhammad Saleem; Ali, Shafaqat; Raza, Syed Hammad

2014-12-01

Plant-associated bacteria can have beneficial effects on the growth and health of their host. However, the role of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR), under metal stress, has not been widely investigated. The present study investigated the possible mandatory role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in protecting plants from zinc (Zn) toxicity. The exposure of maize plants to 50µM zinc inhibited biomass production, decreased chlorophyll, total soluble protein and strongly increased accumulation of Zn in both root and shoot. Similarly, Zn enhanced hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondaldehyde accumulation. Pre-soaking with novel Zn tolerant bacterial strain Proteus mirabilis (ZK1) isolated zinc (Zn) contaminated soil, alleviated the negative effect of Zn on growth and led to a decrease in oxidative injuries caused by Zn. Furthermore, strain ZK1 significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid but lowered the Proline accumulation in Zn stressed plants. The results suggested that the inoculation of Zea mays plants with P. mirabilis during an earlier growth period could be related to its plant growth promoting activities and avoidance of cumulative damage upon exposure to Zn, thus reducing the negative consequences of oxidative stress caused by heavy metal toxicity. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cytogenetics of monosomes in Zea mays. Progress report, May 16, 1980-May 15, 1981

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weber, D. F.

1981-02-01

Monosomics lack a pairing partner in each meiotic cell, and genes on an entire chromosome are present in the hemizygous condition. We have isolated monosomics for chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in Zea mays utilizing a recently-discovered system. This is the only series of this type that has been recovered in any diploid organism. The monosomic plants are surprisingly vigorous, good cytological samples can be taken, and crosses can be made. We are isolating all possible monosomic types and characterizing them by studying: (1) the cytology of meiosis, (2) the cytological behavior of univalent chromosomes, (3) the effect of monosomy and trisomy on intergenic and intragenic recombination, (4) the frequency and types of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations arising in monosomics, (5) the effect of aneuploidy on the relative amounts of specific fatty acids in embryos, (6) monosomic mutational mapping, (7) the effect of monosomy on pollen exine morphology with the scanning electron microscope, and (8) the effect of monosomy on DIMBOA levels. We are also developing test systems utilizing maize to detect the environmental or genetic induction of non-disjunction. This study has discovered genetic factors that control the meiotic process, genetic recombination, lipid biosynthesis, and the free amino acid pool.

Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata genotypes

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Shtereva Lydia A.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source and their heterotic F1 hybrid “Zaharina”. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA, proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings’ growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

RELACIÓN ENTRE DIFERENTES PRUEBAS DE CAMPO: FUERZA, POTENCIA Y VELOCIDAD

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Jessenia Hernández Elizondo

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como propósito principal el encontrar por medio de pruebas en las variables de fuerza, potencia y velocidad, la relación matemática existente entre estos tres constructos. Participaron 56 sujetos varones con edades entre 18 y 25 años. Con el fin de responder al objetivo del estudio, se les aplicaron pruebas de campo de fuerza (1RM de sentadilla completa y repeticiones máximas al 80% 60% 40% y 20%, de velocidad (30 metros lanzados y 30 metros sin impulso, y de potencia (salto vertical con contra-movimiento SVCM, salto vertical sin impulso SVSI y salto vertical con caída SVCC, para correlacionar las diferentes pruebas entre sí. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la correlación de Pearson (r, para correlacionar parejas de pruebas y correlación canónica (Rc para correlacionar grupos de variables. A partir de cada correlación se obtuvo la varianza explicada (r2 la cual indica el porcentaje de relación compartida en escala de 0-100 que existe entre las pruebas. Según los datos obtenidos, no existe relación significativa (2.1% entre las pruebas de salto-sentadilla, ni relación significativa (5.1% entre las pruebas de velocidad- sentadilla, mientras que la relación salto- velocidad (62%, fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05. La implicación de estos resultados podrían respaldar la idea de que la relación teórica que existe entre estos constructos, no es completamente cierta cuando éstos son medidos por medio de pruebas de campo.

A desnecessidade do trabalho entre pescadores artesanais

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Cristiano Wellington Norberto Ramalho

2015-04-01

Full Text Available As relações socioculturais e econômicas, entre alguns grupos de pescadores artesanais, não colocam como entes antagônicos trabalho e tempo livre. Do contrário, tais relações celebram aproximações entre saber-fazer pesqueiro, lazer e vida, formando e conformando um todo societário. Inseridos nesse quadro, estão os pescadores artesanais do mar-de-fora da praia de Suape, no município do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, litoral sul de Pernambuco, distante 50 km de Recife. Este artigo busca desvelar a mencionada moral do trabalho e do tempo livre no fazer cotidiano de pescadores dessa Praia, com base na pesquisa etnográfica e na história de vida de 13 pescadores. No geral, identificou-se que há uma moral do trabalho que se confunde à moral do tempo livre, pois o cerceamento de uma delas representa limites à outra. Assim, para esses homens, definir o que é um ser liberto ou cativo liga-se ao encontro indissociável, em termos práticos e simbólicos, entre as referidas morais, o que é essencial para classificar o fazer-se pescador artesanal em seu sentido pleno fundamentado na desnecessidade do trabalho.

Cinética de rehidratación y deterioro biológico en Zea mays almacenado a una Humedad Relativa del Aire Intergranular (HRAI del 92%

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Eguiazu, G. M.

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Maize grains (Zea mays var indurata «Plata» tipe destined to commercialization were submitted to a relative humidity of the intergranular air of 92% during 120 days to 25 °C. The kinetics of rehydration, humidity and biological damage («mouldy» «blue eye» and «spoiled» was determined. After 14 to 17 days, the sample rehydrates on the basis of commercialization of 14,5% of humidity and in the same period a degree of standard of commercial quality is lost. It is established that the basis of commercialization of 14,5% is very near the limit which favours the biological damage.Granos de maíz (Zea mays var. indurata tipo «Plata», destinado a comercialización, fueron sometidos a una Humedad Relativa del Aire Intergranular del 92% a 25 °C durante 120 días. Se determinó la cinética de rehidratación, humedad y el deterioro biológico («Verdín» y «Dañado». Se observó que luego de 14 a 17 días la muestra se rehidrató por sobre la base de comercialización del 14,5% de humedad y en el mismo periodo se pierde un grado en el estandard de calidad comercial. Se plantea que la base de comercialización del 14,5% se halla muy cercana al límite que favorece el deterioro biológico.

Effects of As2O3 on DNA methylation, genomic instability, and LTR retrotransposon polymorphism in Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Erturk, Filiz Aygun; Aydin, Murat; Sigmaz, Burcu; Taspinar, M Sinan; Arslan, Esra; Agar, Guleray; Yagci, Semra

2015-12-01

Arsenic is a well-known toxic substance on the living organisms. However, limited efforts have been made to study its DNA methylation, genomic instability, and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon polymorphism causing properties in different crops. In the present study, effects of As2O3 (arsenic trioxide) on LTR retrotransposon polymorphism and DNA methylation as well as DNA damage in Zea mays seedlings were investigated. The results showed that all of arsenic doses caused a decreasing genomic template stability (GTS) and an increasing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) profile changes (DNA damage). In addition, increasing DNA methylation and LTR retrotransposon polymorphism characterized a model to explain the epigenetically changes in the gene expression were also found. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that arsenic has epigenetic effect as well as its genotoxic effect. Especially, the increasing of polymorphism of some LTR retrotransposon under arsenic stress may be a part of the defense system against the stress.

El (los Sur buscando al Sur. Una construcción entre estereotipos y realidad.

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Mabel Franzone

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Todas las lecturas que podamos hacer del Sur, de sus propias representaciones, de aquellas vehiculizadas por el Norte, de sus creaciones, de sus reacciones, de su búsqueda constante de identidad, son lecturas de múltiples situaciones, que llaman a cruces insoslayables entre pueblos, entre distintas etnias, entre disciplinas, entre sentimientos que van desde el rechazo hasta la atracción casi magnética entre los dos hemisferios. Nuestra intención primera era la de reunir de manera aproximativa las problemáticas actuales de los Sur, ligadas a lo imaginario.

Entre ritmo e poesia: rap e literatura oral urbana

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Marcus Rogerio Salgado

2015-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente artigo é um estudo do rap enquanto manifestação de literatura oral urbana e forma de oralidade tecnológica. Para tanto, o artigo passará em revista as relações entre literatura e palavra falada/cantada, assim como as possibilidades de interface estética entre a literatura e a música que estão em questão quando tratamos do rap.

A FOTOGRAFIA ENTRE A ARTE POPULAR E A ARTE ERUDITA

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Marcos Fabris

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende discutir alguns dos aspectos que marcam o estabelecimento e a dissolução das fronteiras entre dois pólos convencionalmente descritos como arte culta e arte popular, tecendo paralelos entre o teatro de variedades, forma de expressão popular por excelência, e a fotografia, expressão artística que desde seus primórdios circula entre os dois extremos deste contínuo. Nestes termos, ambiciona-se verificar como determinadas condições sócio-históricas favorecem a criação de recursos formais que minimizam, ou suprimem, tais distinções consagradas pela crítica de arte.

Proyectos educativos: estudio comparativo entre Venezuela y Colombia

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Mineira Finol

2005-09-01

Full Text Available El Proyecto Educativo Integral Comunitario (PEIC y el Proyecto Educativo Institucional constituyen la categoría de comparación entre Venezuela y Colombia; a tal fin, este estudio de tipo comparativo-documental se centró en determinar congruencias y discrepancias entre PEIC y PEI, utilizando el método comparativo estructurado en cuatro fases: descripción, interpretación, yuxtaposición y comparación, propuesto por Hilker y Bereday (1972 Entre los resultados se tienen: congruencias en cuanto surgen sobre las bases de diagnóstico externos efectuados por organismos internacionales UNESCO, CEPAL ante la inefectividad y baja productividad de ambos países; a nivel interno responden a políticas educativas reformadoras de currículum y leyes,. Discrepancias referidas al tiempo de implementación; en Venezuela a partir de 1996; Colombia en 1992; este último, consolidó las bases para la participación a través del gobierno escolar y de un sistema de evaluación institucional, muy incipiente en Venezuela.

Maize (Zea mays L.) performance in organically amended mine site soils.

Science.gov (United States)

Oladipo, Oluwatosin Gbemisola; Olayinka, Akinyemi; Awotoye, Olusegun Olufemi

2016-10-01

Organic amendments play an important role in the eco-friendly remediation of degraded mine site soils. This study investigated the quality (essential nutrients and heavy metal content) of maize grown on organically amended soils from three active mines in Nigeria. Soil samples were collected randomly at 0-15 cm depth, air-dried and sieved. Five kg of soil were amended with poultry manure and sawdust (poultry manure only, sawdust only, poultry manure-sawdust mixtures in 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 ratios) at 10 g kg(-1). Maize (Zea mays L.) seeds were planted and watered for two consecutive periods of 8 weeks, with the control and treatment experiments set up in the screenhouse in quadruples. Harvested tissues were weighed, dried, ground and digested. Chemical properties were determined using standard methods while atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine total metal concentrations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu). ANOVA was used to test for significant differences among treatment groups in the various parameters. Application of poultry manure-sawdust mixtures significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tissue dry matter yield, as well as N, P, K, and Na contents while Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb were immobilized to approximately 50-100%. Treatment with sawdust alone reduced tissue nutrient content resulting in depressed plant yield while poultry manure only though enhanced crop yield, contained higher heavy metal contents. Soil amendments comprised of poultry manure-sawdust mixtures can be effective remediation strategy for mine site soils, as these organic materials help replenish soil nutrients, immobilize heavy metals, and enhance food productivity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Regulation of assimilatory sulfate reduction by cadmium in Zea mays L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nussbaum, S.; Schmutz, D.; Brunold, C.

1988-01-01

Plants cultivated with Cd can produce large amounts of phytochelatins. Since these compounds contain much cysteine, these plants should have an increased rate of assimilatory sulfate reduction, the biosynthetic pathway leading to cysteine. To test this prediction, the effect of Cd on growth, sulfate assimilation in vivo and extractable activity of two enzymes of sulfate reduction, ATP-sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4) and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase were measured in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. For comparison, nitrate reductase activity was determined. In 9-day-old cultures, the increase in fresh and dry weight was significantly inhibited by 50 micromolar and more Cd in the roots and by 100 and 200 micromolar in the shoots. Seedlings cultivated with 50 micromolar Cd for 5 days incorporated more label from 35 SO 4 2- into higher molecular weight compounds than did controls, indicating that the predicted increase in the rate of assimilatory sulfate reduction took place. Consistent with this finding, an increased level of the extractable activity of both ATP-sulfurylase and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase was measured in the roots of these plants at 50 micromolar Cd and at higher concentrations. This effect was reversible after removal of Cd from the nutrient solution. In the leaves, a significant positive effect of Cd was detected at 5 micromolar for ATP-sulfurylase and at 5 and 20 micromolar for adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase. At higher Cd concentrations, both enzyme activities were at levels below the control. Nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity decreased at 50 micromolar or more Cd in the roots and was similarly affected at ATP-sulfurylase activity in the primary leaves

Consumo de álcool e violência entre adolescentes argentinos

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Mariaelena Pierobon

2013-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou a associação entre álcool e violência na população de jovens argentinos. MÉTODOS: Dados da Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS de 2007, uma pesquisa representativa em termos nacionais com alunos do ensino médio, foram examinados utilizando-se modelos de regressão logística ajustados por idade. RESULTADOS: Dos 1328 alunos participantes entre 13 e 15 anos de idade, 51,9% declararam ter consumido álcool no último mês, com taxas mais elevadas entre meninos (p = 0,04 e alunos mais velhos (p < 0,01. Homens e mulheres que bebem demonstraram estar quase duas vezes mais propensos a relatar agressão física, quando em uma briga física, e pensamentos sobre violência autoinfligida do que aqueles que não bebem. Entre as pessoas que bebem, aquelas que reportaram saúde mental precária, haviam sido vítimas de bullying, fumavam, faziam uso de drogas ou abandonaram a escola sem permissão se mostraram duas vezes mais propensas ao envolvimento em atividades violentas do que outras pessoas que também bebem. CONCLUSÃO: Intervenções de saúde pública quanto à violência entre jovens adolescentes devem ser desenvolvidas em combinação com programas de educação sobre álcool.

Analyse de régression quantile de la relation entre la langue et l’intervalle entre les grossesses au Québec (Canada

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Nathalie Auger

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. On sait que les intervalles courts comme les intervalles longs entre les grossesses sont associés à des issues périnatales défavorables, comme des fausses couches et des accouchements prématurés, mais les différences culturelles à ce sujet sont mal connues. Repérer les inégalités culturelles dans les intervalles entre les grossesses est nécessaire afin d'améliorer les résultats relatifs à la santé de la mère et de l’enfant. Nous avons ainsi évalué les intervalles entre les grossesses chez les anglophones et les francophones du Québec. Méthodologie. Nous avons obtenu les dossiers de naissance de tous les enfants nés au Québec entre 1989 et 2011. Nous avons recensé 571 461 femmes ayant eu au moins deux naissances et déterminé l’intervalle entre leurs grossesses. Les intervalles courts entre les grossesses (moins de 18 mois ont été définis comme étant le 20e percentile de la distribution, et les intervalles longs (60 mois ou plus, comme le 80e percentile. À l’aide de régressions quantiles, nous avons évalué l’association entre la langue et les intervalles courts et longs, ajustés en fonction des caractéristiques de la mère. Nous avons évalué les différences au fil du temps et selon l’âge de la mère pour les groupes défavorisés, qui ont été définis par l’absence de diplôme d’études secondaires, la résidence en milieu rural et le fait de vivre dans un quartier défavorisé matériellement. Résultats. Dans les modèles de régression ajustés, les anglophones sans diplôme d’études secondaires avaient des intervalles plus courts de 1,0 mois (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : −1,5 à −0,4 par rapport à leurs homologues francophones au 20e percentile de la distribution et plus longs de 1,9 mois (−0,5 à 4,3 au 80e percentile. Les résultats étaient similaires pour les anglophones des régions rurales et des quartiers matériellement défavorisés. Les

Soporte social, familiar y autoconcepto: relación entre los constructos

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Makilim Nunes Baptista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue verificar las asociaciones entre el soporte social, el soporte familiar y el autoconcepto en un grupo de hombres y mujeres. En el caso de los hombres hubo correlaciones negativas entre el soporte familiar y los factores negligencia, agresividad e indiferencia del instrumento de autoconcepto. En el grupo de mujeres el soporte familiar total fue correlacionado positivamente con sensualidad y responsabilidad, y negativamente con inseguridad, siendo las tres medidas del instrumento de autoconcepto. Al considerar las relaciones entre el soporte familiar y el soporte social, todas fueron positivas, tanto en los hombres como en las mujeres.

ESTUDIOS DE ISÓTOPOS ESTABLES EN HUERTAS FAMILIARES ACTUALES DE LA QUEBRADA DE HUMAHUACA (JUJUY, ARGENTINA. SU POTENCIAL APORTE A LOS ESTUDIOS PALEODIETARIOS DEL NOROESTE ARGENTINO / Stable isotope studies on current home gardens of the Quebrada de ...

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Violeta A. Killian Galván

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Presentamos una propuesta metodológica para la generación de marcos de referencia en los estudios paleodietarios, mediante el análisis de la composición isotópica del carbono y el nitrógeno (?13C y ?15N en arqueología. En particular, nos centraremos en cómo influyen algunas prácticas de cultivo en los valores isotópicos de las plantas procedentes de huertas familiares (siendo las especies escogidas Zea mays, Solanum tuberosum, Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus tuberosus, Chenopodium quinoa y Opuntia ficus-indica, esta última como especie silvestre del área. La metodología propuesta consiste en: el relevamiento de información entre productores locales, la caracterización del suelo en cuanto a sus propiedades químicas (pH, conductividad eléctrica, carbono orgánico y nitratos y la medición isotópica de los vegetales muestreados. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, podemos afirmar que al menos en entornos semiáridos, como es el caso de Quebrada de Humahuaca, la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el suelo repercute en los valores ?15N de Zea mays. Si bien no hay una relación lineal entre las variables propuestas y los resultados isotópicos obtenidos, se registró un rango más amplio de valores cuando la calidad del suelo fue menor. AbstractWe present a methodological proposal for the construction of a frame of reference in paleodietary research through the analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotopes (?13C y ?15N in archaeology. In particular, we focus on the effect of certain harvest practices in the isotopic values of plants from family farms (the species chosen being Zea mays, Solanum tuberosum, Amaranthus caudatus, Chenopodium quinoa and Opuntia ficus-indica, this last as a wild plant from the area. The methodology consist in: collection of information among local producers, soil characterization in terms of their chemical properties (Ph, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and nitrate and analysis of isotopic values from

PENGARUH PANJANG ENTRES TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENYAMBUNGAN TANAMAN ALPUKAT (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL.

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Dirgahani Putri

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Beragamnya hasil produksi dan kualitas buah alpukat dapat diperbaiki dengan metode penyambungan. Penyambungan merupakan kegiatan untuk mengga-bungkan dua atau lebih sifat unggul dalam satu tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai panjang entres terhadap keberhasilan penyam-bungan tanaman alpukat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima perlakuan panjang entres, yaitu 3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm, dan 15 cm.Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali dan setiap perlakuan terdiri atas lima tanaman;sehingga jumlah totalnya sebanyak 125 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan pada peubah persentase sambung hidup, jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang atas. Berbagai panjang entres tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada peubah persentase sambung hidup, panjang tunas terpanjang, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang atas tetapi berpengaruh nyata pada peubah jumlah tunas. Perlakuan panjang entres 15 cm memberikan hasil tertinggi untuk jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun dan diameter batang atas, sedangkan untuk persentase hidup perlakuan 6 cm, 12 cm memberikan hasil tertinggi yaitu 100%. Perlakuan panjang entres 3 cm adalah perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh yang rendah pada persentase sambung hidup (yaitu 92%, peubah jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, serta diameter batang atas pada berbagai umur tanaman alpukat.

Aborto entre alunas e funcionárias de uma universidade brasileira

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Hardy Ellen

1993-01-01

Full Text Available No Brasil existem poucas informações sobre o aborto provocado e suas características na população. A dificuldade em se obter dados confiáveis deve-se: à sua ilegalidade, e também ao fato de que a maioria dos estudos é realizada em hospitais. Assim, em 1990, foi realizada pesquisa entre alunas da graduação e funcionárias de uma universidade brasileira. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionário, auto-respondido, para devolução por correio, anonimamente. Os resultados apresentados referem-se à freqüência do aborto provocado nesta população. Encontrou-se que quatro vezes menos alunas do que funcionárias tinham engravidado alguma vez (15% e 65%; 9% das alunas e 14% das funcionárias tiveram aborto provocado. Entre as mulheres que engravidaram alguma vez, as alunas tiveram mais aborto provocado do que as funcionárias (59% e 20%. Quando controladas por grupo etário as diferenças entre as alunas e funcionárias mantiveram-se. Entretanto, entre as alunas, o aborto provocado foi mais freqüente entre as mais jovens.

Gravitropic reaction of primary seminal roots of Zea mays L. influenced by temperature and soil water potential.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakamoto, T

1995-03-01

The growth of the primary seminal root of maize (Zea mays L.) is characterized by an initial negative gravitropic reaction and a later positive one that attains a plagiotropic liminal angle. The effects of temperature and water potential of the surrounding soil on these gravitropic reactions were studied. Temperatures of 32, 25, and 18C and soil water potentials of -5, -38, and -67 kPa were imposed and the direction of growth was measured for every 1 cm length of the root. The initial negative gravitropic reaction extended to a distance of about 10 cm from the grain. Higher temperatures reduced the initial negative gravitropic reaction. Lower soil water potential induced a downward growth at root emergence. A mathematical model, in which it was assumed that the rate of the directional change of root growth was a sum of a time-dependent negative gravitropic reaction and an establishment of the liminal angle, adequately fitted the distance-angle relations. It was suggested that higher temperatures and/or a lower water potential accelerated the diminution of the initial negative gravitropic reaction.

Introgression of genetic material from Zea mays ssp. Mexicana into cultivated maize was facilitated by tissue culture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, L.; Gu, X.; Qu, M.; Luan, J.; Zhang, J.

2012-01-01

Zea mays ssp. mexicana, a wild relative of cultivated maize (Z. mays ssp. mays), is a useful gene resource for maize breeding. In this study, two populations were generated by conventional breeding scheme (population I) or tissue culture regime (population II), respectively, to introgress genetic material of Z. mays ssp. mexicana into maize. Karyotype analysis showed that the arm ratios of 10 pairs of chromosomes in parent maize Ye515 and derivative lines from 2 different populations with 26% and 38% chromosome variation frequencies, respectively. Alien chromatin was detected in the root tip cells of progeny plants through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). There were 3.3 chromosomes carrying alien chromatin on average in population I and 6.5 in population II. The hybridization signals were located mainly at the terminal or sub terminal regions of the chromosomes and the sizes were notably variant among lines. Based on those results, it is concluded that the introgression of genetic material from Z. mays ssp. mexicana into cultivated maize was facilitated by tissue culture, and subsequently some excellent materials for maize breeding were created. (author)

Genetic characterization and linkage disequilibrium mapping of resistance to gray leaf spot in maize (Zea mays L.

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Liyu Shi

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Gray leaf spot (GLS, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis, is an important foliar disease of maize (Zea mays L. worldwide, resistance to which is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL. To gain insights into the genetic architecture underlying the resistance to this disease, an association mapping population consisting of 161 inbred lines was evaluated for resistance to GLS in a plant pathology nursery at Shenyang in 2010 and 2011. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study, using 41,101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, identified 51 SNPs significantly (P < 0.001 associated with GLS resistance, which could be converted into 31 QTL. In addition, three candidate genes related to plant defense were identified, including nucleotide-binding-site/leucine-rich repeat, receptor-like kinase genes similar to those involved in basal defense. Two genic SNPs, PZE-103142893 and PZE-109119001, associated with GLS resistance in chromosome bins 3.07 and 9.07, can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS of GLS resistance. These results provide an important resource for developing molecular markers closely linked with the target trait, enhancing breeding efficiency.

Transport and metabolism of a sucrose analog (1'-fluorosucrose) into Zea mays L. Endosperm without invertase hydrolysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmalstig, J.G.; Hitz, W.D.

1987-01-01

1'-fluorosucrose (FS), a sucrose analog resistant to hydrolysis by invertase, was transported from husk leaves into maize (Zea mays L.) kernels with the same magnitude and kinetics as sucrose. 14 C-Label from [ 14 C]FS and [ 14 C]sucrose in separate experiments was distributed similarly between the pedicel, endosperm, and embryo with time. FS passed through maternal tissue and was adsorbed intact into the endosperm where it was metabolized and used in synthesis of sucrose and methanol-chloroform-water insolubles. Accumulation of [ 14 C]sucrose from supplied [ 14 C]glucosyl-FS indicated that the glucose moiety from the breakdown of sucrose (here FS), which normally occurs in the process of starch synthesis in maize endosperm, was available to the pool of substrates for resynthesis of sucrose. Uptake of FS into maize endosperm without hydrolysis suggest that despite the presence of invertase in maternal tissues and the hydrolysis of a large percentage of sucrose unloaded form the phloem, hexoses are not specifically needed for uptake into maize endosperm

Influence of s-Triazines on Some Enzymes of Carbohydrates and Nitrogen Metabolism in Leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, M. T.; Singh, B.; Salunkhe, D. K.

1971-01-01

Foliar applications of 2 milligrams per liter of 2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine, 2-methylmercapto-4-ethylamino-6-isobutylamino-s-triazine, and 2-methoxy-4-isopropylamino-6-butylamino-s-triazine caused increases in the activities of starch phosphorylase, pyruvate kinase, cytochrome oxidase, and glutamate dehydrogenase 5, 10, and 15 days after treatment in the leaves of 3-week-old seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.). The results indicate that sublethal concentrations of s-triazine compounds affect the physiological and biochemical events in plants which favor more utilization of carbohydrates for nitrate reduction and synthesis of amino acids and proteins. PMID:16657830

Aggressiveness between genetic groups I and II of isolates of Cercospora zeae-maydis Agressividade entre isolados dos grupos genéticos I e II de Cercospora zeae-maydis

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Sandra Marisa Mathioni

2006-12-01

Full Text Available For many years, the gray leaf spot disease (GLS caused by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels, was not considered an important pathogen of maize (Zea mays, L. in Brazil. However, the recent adoption of agronomical practices such as no-tillage and cultivation under central pivot irrigation systems increased the incidence and severity to the extent that GLS is now one of the most important diseases of maize. Isolates of C. zeae-maydis can be distinguished by two genetic groups (I and II based on AFLP markers and on polymorphisms of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions. Until now, however, the biological implications of this distinction remain unclear. This study investigated whether isolates from the two genetic groups differ in aggressiveness towards maize. For this, symptoms of a susceptible hybrid were evaluated under greenhouse conditions with 9 and 11 isolates of C. zeae-maydis from groups I and II, respectively. Plants in the V3 growth stage were inoculated by placing sorghum seeds colonized with the pathogen in the leaf whorl and symptoms were evaluated with a visual rating scale 30 days later. On average, isolates of genetic group II were more aggressive than those of group I, with mean disease scores of 3.1 and 2.3, respectively. Differences were also observed between experiments, which suggested that group I and II might also differ in their fitness under different environments. This is the first report on differences in aggressiveness between the two genetic groups of C. zeae-maydis.Durante muitos anos, a cercosporiose, causada pelo fungo Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels, não foi considerada importante para a cultura do milho (Zea mays, L. no Brasil. Entretanto, a recente utilização de práticas culturais como o plantio direto e o cultivo sob pivôs centrais favoreceram o aumento de sua severidade e incidência, de forma que a doença é hoje considerada uma das mais importantes da cultura. Isolados de C. zeae

Efecto de la aplicación de vinazas en las propiedades físicas y la actividad de deshidrogenasas en suelos cultivados con maíz dulce (Zea mays L. Effect of vinasse application on physical properties and dehydrogenases activity in soils under sweet corn (Zea mays L. cultivation

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Magda Narváez Castillo

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de vinazas en algunas propiedades físicas y en la actividad de las deshidrogenasas en un Entic dystropept y en un Fluventic haplustoll del Valle de Cauca, Colombia. Para suplir los requerimientos de K+ del cultivo de maíz dulce (Zea mays L. se utilizaron seis tratamientos (T1 = 100% de K+ como vinaza, T2 = 100% de K+ con KCl; T3 = 50% de K+ como vinaza y KCl, T4 = 75% de K+ con vinaza y 25% de K+ como KCl, T5 = testigo absoluto sin planta, T6 = testigo más planta que fueron dispuestos en un diseño completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones. En el Entic dystropept la densidad aparente disminuyó y en consecuencia la porosidad total aumentó, mientras que en el Fluventic haplustoll sucedió lo contrario. La actividad de las deshidrogenasas fue significativamente mayor (P The effect of vinasse application was assessed on physical properties and dehydrogenases activity in Entic Dystropept and Fluventic Haplustoll of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. To meet the requirements of K+ in sweet corn (Zea mays L. six treatments were used (T1 = 100% of K+ as vinasse; T2 = 100% of K+ with KCl; T3 = 50% of K+ as vinasse and KCl; T4 = 75% of K+ with vinasse and 25% of K+ as KCl; T5 = absolute control without plants; T6 = control plus plants arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. In Dystropept Entic bulk density decreased and consequently the total porosity increased, while the opposite happened in Haplustoll Fluventic. The dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher (P <0.05 in the Dystropept Entic than in Haplustoll Fluventic presenting low values. The results showed that the changes that are generated as a result of the application of vinasse are different for each type of soil.

Encuentros improbables: Cervantes y Shakespeare entre Borges y Burgess

OpenAIRE

Martínez, Zenón Luis

2016-01-01

En sus biografías sobre Cervantes y Shakespeare, Luis Astrana Marín especuló con un encuentro entre ambos con ocasión de la ratificación en 1605 en Valladolid del Tratado de Londres. Este improbable encuentro ha seguido alimentando ficciones históricas y fantasías literarias. El cruce de caminos entre Cervantes y Shakespeare tiene lugar en torno a la perdida tragicomedia The History of Cardenio (1612?), atribuida a John Fletcher y William Shakespeare. La recon...

La religiosidad popular como “entre-medio” entre la religión institucional y la espiritualidad individualizada = Popular religion as “in between” institutional religion and individual spirituality

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Torre, Renée de la

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo se argumenta a relevância do estudo da religiosidade popular para entender as novas formas da religiosidade contemporânea no contexto latinoamericano. Diferente das posturas teóricas dos sociólogos da religião europeia, que assinalam a pertinência do indivíduo como unidade analítica para entender as transformações religiosas próprias da pós-modernidade, este artigo argumenta que a religiosidade popular – entendida como “entre-meio” entre o tradicional e o emergente, entre o local e o transnacional, entre o social e o individual e entre a sacralidade profana e a profanação da religiosidade tradicional – permite entender os fenômenos em que a religiosidade se pratica nas margens da instituição (próprias das expressões new age e neoesotéricas, mas sem desatender os processos em que se legitimam as novas formas desinstitucionalizadas da religiosidade, buscando âncoras e linhagens que geram a continuidade do peso da tradição da religiosidade popular

Relación entre calidad del semen y la edad

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John Chávez

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la calidad del semen humano y la edad. Material y Métodos: El espermatograma se realizó siguiendo el Manual de Laboratorio de la OMS para el examen del Semen Humano y de la Interacción Moco Cervical y Semen (1999, de los exámenes realizados entre julio 2003 a diciembre 2008. Se estudiaron 2 441 casos de varones que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: La motilidad A+B fue de 51,55% para varones de 20 a 29 años; los espermatozoides normales fue de 77,73% para varones mayores de 50 años; el recuento espermático (mill/ml fue de 61,09 para varones mayores de 50 años.La evaluación de la motilidad espermática tuvo como coeficiente de correlación lineal múltiple de 0,222 y coeficiente de determinación de 0,049; en la morfología espermática, coeficiente de correlación lineal de 0,0622 y coeficiente de determinación de 0,0039; en el recuento espermático, coeficiente de correlación lineal múltiple de 0,465 y coeficiente de determinación de 0,216. Conclusiones: existe una tendencia inversa entre la motilidad y la edad, una tendencia directa entre el recuento espermático y la edad, y una tendencia constante entre morfología espermática y edad.

relaPro : Base de datos para encontrar relaciones entre proyectos

OpenAIRE

Fortis Urbano, Julio

2015-01-01

Desarrollo de una base de datos para almacenar proyectos y una aplicación web de ejemplo que permite encontrar elementos comunes entre los proyectos almacenados en el sistema. Desenvolupament d'una base de dades per emmagatzemar projectes i una aplicació web d'exemple que permet trobar elements comuns entre els projectes emmagatzemats en el sistema. Bachelor thesis for the Computer Science program on Databases.

Evaluation of zinc accumulation, allocation, and tolerance in Zea mays L. seedlings: implication for zinc phytoextraction.

Science.gov (United States)

Bashmakov, Dmitry I; Lukatkin, Alexander S; Anjum, Naser A; Ahmad, Iqbal; Pereira, Eduarda

2015-10-01

This work investigated the accumulation, allocation, and impact of zinc (Zn; 1.0 μM-10 mM) in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under simulated laboratory conditions. Z. mays exhibited no significant change in its habitus (the physical characteristics of plants) up to 10-1000 μM of Zn (vs 5-10 mM Zn). Zn tolerance evaluation, based on the root test, indicated a high tolerance of Z. mays to both low and intermediate (or relatively high) concentrations of Zn, whereas this plant failed to tolerate 10 mM Zn and exhibited a 5-fold decrease in its Zn tolerance. Contingent to Zn treatment levels, Zn hampered the growth of axial organs and brought decreases in the leaf area, water regime, and biomass accumulation. Nevertheless, at elevated levels of Zn (10 mM), Zn(2+) was stored in the root cytoplasm and inhibited both axial organ growth and water regime. However, accumulation and allocation of Zn in Z. mays roots, studied herein employing X-ray fluorimeter and histochemical methods, were close to Zn accumulator plants. Overall, the study outcomes revealed Zn tolerance of Z. mays, and also implicate its potential role in Zn phytoextraction.

Comparison of different extraction methods for giberelic acid obtention from corn (Zea mays L. germinated seeds

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Juan David Rivera

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Corn (Zea mays L. is the second most cultivated cereal in the world and is use as raw material for different kind of industries. To date no reports about obtaining giberellic acid (GA3 from corn have been found. In the present study two methods for extracting solid samples were evaluated: lixiviation and dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction (DSASE, for obtaining giberellic acid from corn germinated seeds. In lixiviation, the physical method (agitation and sonication, solvent, and time were the parameters analyzed; while in DSASE the variables were: solvent, flow, and time. The most efficient technique was DSASE employing acetonitrile-formic acid 5% (80:20, v:v as solvent at a flow of 0.4 mL/min for 25,0 min, obtaining a concentration 30.012 mg/kg giberellic acid. The identification and quantification were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC with diode array detector (DAD. These results showed that dynamic sonication-assisted solvent extraction (DSASE is a novel and powerful alternative technique for obtaining giberellic acid, because of its high efficiency; low solvent consumption and simplicity in obtaining the extract.

Root growth, secondary root formation and root gravitropism in carotenoid-deficient seedlings of Zea mays L

Science.gov (United States)

Ng, Y. K.; Moore, R.

1985-01-01

The effect of ABA on root growth, secondary-root formation and root gravitropism in seedlings of Zea mays was investigated by using Fluridone-treated seedlings and a viviparous mutant, both of which lack carotenoids and ABA. Primary roots of seedlings grown in the presence of Fluridone grew significantly slower than those of control (i.e. untreated) roots. Elongation of Fluridone-treated roots was inhibited significantly by the exogenous application of 1 mM ABA. Exogenous application of 1 micromole and 1 nmole ABA had either no effect or only a slight stimulatory effect on root elongation, depending on the method of application. The absence of ABA in Fluridone-treated plants was not an important factor in secondary-root formation in seedlings less than 9-10 d old. However, ABA may suppress secondary-root formation in older seedlings, since 11-d-old control seedlings had significantly fewer secondary roots than Fluridone-treated seedlings. Roots of Fluridone-treated and control seedlings were graviresponsive. Similar data were obtained for vp-9 mutants of Z. mays, which are phenotypically identical to Fluridone-treated seedlings. These results indicate that ABA is necessary for neither secondary-root formation nor for positive gravitropism by primary roots.

Cooperación; altruismo en las relaciones entre aerolíneas

OpenAIRE

Fernández Lerate, Elisa M.

2016-01-01

El presente estudio se centra en analizar unas determinadas relaciones cooperativas entre compañías aéreas, con la intención de investigar si sacan provecho o no de dichas relaciones. La cooperación entre esas compañías aéreas puede presentar comportamientos más altruistas o más oportunistas. Para centrar el tema del estudio, se van a analizar los acuerdos de códigos compartidos que llevan a cabo entre ellas. Los datos de cooperación a través de código compartido permitirán conocer qué porcen...

Use of poultry manure for amendment of oil-polluted soils in relation to growth of maize (Zea mays L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amadi, A. Ue Bari, Y.

1992-01-01

The use of poultry manure for amelioration of oil-polluted soil was investigated by growing maize (Zea mays L.) under two experimental conditions: increasing the poultry manure rate from 0-20 kg ha -1 at 0.03 L/kg oil treatment level; and increasing the rate of oil treatment from 0-0.2 between the rate of poultry manure added and the enhancement of maize growth. But only a 16-kg ha -1 poultry manure rate and above exerted some beneficial effects on the maize growth relative to the unpolluted, unamended soil. Conversely, increasing oil concentration, regardless of the poultry manure level added, depressed maize growth, but only at oil levels of 0.03 L/kg. A positive correlation was recorded between maize height and leaf area growing in oil-treated soil amended with different poultry manure rates and growing in oil-treated amended with 20 kg ha -1 poultry manure. Amending oil-contaminated soils with poultry manure, should possibly improve soil fertility and maize production

Effect of Cadmium Stress on Non-enzymatic Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Levels in Two Varieties of Maize (Zea mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Akinyemi, Ayodele Jacob; Faboya, Oluwabamise Lekan; Olayide, Israel; Faboya, Opeyemi Ayodeji; Ijabadeniyi, Tosin

2017-06-01

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that inhibit physiological processes of plants. Hence, the present study sought to investigate the effect of cadmium-contaminated seeds from two varieties of maize (Zea mays) on non-enzymatic antioxidant and nitric oxide levels. Seeds of yellow and white maize were exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0, 1, 3 and 5 ppm) for two weeks. The results from this study revealed that both varieties of maize bio-accumulate Cd in leaves in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Cd exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total phenolic, GSH and nitric oxide (NO) levels at the highest concentration tested when compared with control. Therefore, the observed decrease in NO and endogenous antioxidant status by Cd treatment in maize plants could suggest some possible mechanism of action for Cd-induced oxidative stress and counteracting effect of the plants against Cd toxicity.

Gravity induced, asymmetric unloading of indole-3-acetic acid from the stele of Zea mays into the mesocotyl cortex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulze, A.; Bandurski, R.S.

1987-01-01

Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated an increase within 3 min in both free and ester indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the lower side of the mesocotyl cortex of a gravity stimulated Zea mays seedling. Since both free and ester IAA are being transported from endosperm to shoot through the stele these results suggest that the gravity stimulus affects movement of IAA and/or its esters from stele to cortex. To test this postulate they injected 5-( 3 H)-IAA into the endosperm and, after a 30 min period with the plants held vertically, severed the kernel from the shoot and placed the plants in a horizontal position. After 60 min the distribution of radioactivity in the mesocotyl cortex was 55 + 3% in the lower half and 45 + 3% in the upper half. These results support the working theory that a target for the gravity stimulus is the gating mechanism for the movement of hormone from stele to cortex

Effect of Soil Aging on the Phytoremediation Potential of Zea mays in Chromium and Benzo[a]Pyrene Contaminated Soils.

Science.gov (United States)

Chigbo, Chibuike

2015-06-01

This study compared the phytoremediation potential of Zea mays in soil either aged or freshly amended with chromium (Cr) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Z. mays showed increased shoot biomass in aged soils than in freshly spiked soils. The shoot biomass in contaminated soils increased by over 50% in aged soil when compared to freshly amended soils, and over 29% more Cr was accumulated in the shoot of Z. mays in aged soil than in freshly amended soil. Planting Z. mays in aged soil helped in the dissipation of more than 31% B[a]P than in freshly spiked soil, but in the absence of plants, there seemed to be no difference between the dissipation rates of B[a]P in freshly and aged co-contaminated soil. Z. mays seemed to enhance the simultaneous removal of Cr and B[a]P in aged soil than in freshly spiked soil and hence can be a good plant choice for phytoremediation of co-contaminated soils.

Direct observation of local xylem embolisms induced by soil drying in intact Zea mays leaves.

Science.gov (United States)

Ryu, Jeongeun; Hwang, Bae Geun; Kim, Yangmin X; Lee, Sang Joon

2016-04-01

The vulnerability of vascular plants to xylem embolism is closely related to their stable long-distance water transport, growth, and survival. Direct measurements of xylem embolism are required to understand what causes embolism and what strategies plants employ against it. In this study, synchrotron X-ray microscopy was used to non-destructively investigate both the anatomical structures of xylem vessels and embolism occurrence in the leaves of intact Zea mays (maize) plants. Xylem embolism was induced by water stress at various soil drying periods and soil water contents. X-ray images of dehydrated maize leaves showed that the ratio of gas-filled vessels to all xylem vessels increased with decreased soil water content and reached approximately 30% under severe water stress. Embolism occurred in some but not all vessels. Embolism in maize leaves was not strongly correlated with xylem diameter but was more likely to occur in the peripheral veins. The rate of embolism formation in metaxylem vessels was higher than in protoxylem vessels. This work has demonstrated that xylem embolism remains low in maize leaves under water stress and that there xylem has characteristic spatial traits of vulnerability to embolism. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

[Systematically induced effects of Tetranychus cinnabarinus infestation on chemical defense in Zea mays inbred lines].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Yu-xi; Yang, Qun-fang; Huang, Yu-bi; Li, Qing

2015-09-01

In the present study, we investigated the systematically induced production of defense-related compounds, including DIMBOA, total phenol, trypsin inhibitors (TI) and chymotrypsin inhibitor (CI), by Tetranychus cinnabarinus infestation in Zea mays. The first leaves of two corn in-bred line seedlings, the mite-tolerant line ' H1014168' and the mite-sensitive line 'H1014591', were sucked by T. cinnabarinus adult female for seven days, and then the contents of DIMBOA, total phenol, TI and CI were measured in the second leaf and in the roots, respectively. Results showed that as compared to the unsucked control, all contents of DIMBOA, total phenol, TI and CI induced by T. cinnabarinus sucking were significantly higher in the second leaf of both inbred lines as well as in the roots of the mite-tolerant 'H1014168'. However, in the roots of 'H1014591', these defense compounds had different trends, where there was a higher induction of TI and a lower level of total phenol than that of the healthy control, while had almost no difference in DIMBOA and CI. These findings suggested that the infestation of T. cinnabarinus could systematically induce accumulation of defense-related compounds, and this effect was stronger in the mite-tolerant inbred line than in the mite-sensitive inbred line.

Nematode suppression and growth stimulation in corn plants (Zea mays L.) irrigated with domestic effluent.

Science.gov (United States)

Barros, Kenia Kelly; do Nascimento, Clístenes Williams Araújo; Florencio, Lourdinha

2012-01-01

Treated wastewater has great potential for agricultural use due to its concentrations of nutrients and organic matter, which are capable of improving soil characteristics. Additionally, effluents can induce suppression of plant diseases caused by soil pathogens. This study evaluates the effect of irrigation with effluent in a UASB reactor on maize (Zea mays L.) development and on suppression of the diseases caused by nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. Twelve lysimeters of 1 m(3) each were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and three replicates. The following treatments were used: T1 (W+I), irrigation with water and infestation with nematodes; T2 (W+I+NPK), irrigation with water, infestation with nematodes and fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K); T3 (E+I), irrigation with effluent and infestation with nematodes; and T4 (E+I+P), irrigation with effluent, infestation with nematodes and fertilization with phosphorus. The plants irrigated with the effluent plus the phosphorus fertilizer had better growth and productivity and were more resistant to the disease symptoms caused by the nematodes. The suppression levels may have been due to the higher levels of Zn and NO(3)(-) found in the leaf tissue of the plants irrigated with the effluent and phosphorus fertilizer.

Differential expression of superoxide dismutase genes in aphid-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings.

Science.gov (United States)

Sytykiewicz, Hubert

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the expression patterns of superoxide dismutase genes (sod2, sod3.4, sod9 and sodB) in seedling leaves of the Zea mays L. Tasty Sweet (susceptible) and Ambrozja (relatively resistant) cultivars infested with one of two hemipteran species, namely monophagous Sitobion avenae F. (grain aphid) or oligophagous Rhopalosiphum padi L. (bird cherry-oat aphid). Secondarily, aphid-elicited alternations in the antioxidative capacity towards DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical in insect-stressed plants were evaluated. Comprehensive comparison of expression profiles of the four sod genes showed that both insect species evoked significant upregulation of three genes sod2, sod3.4 and sod9). However, aphid infestation affected non-significant fluctuations in expression of sodB gene in seedlings of both maize genotypes. The highest levels of transcript accumulation occurred at 8 h (sod2 and sod3.4) or 24 h (sod9) post-infestation, and aphid-induced changes in the expression of sod genes were more dramatic in the Ambrozja cultivar than in the Tasty Sweet variety. Furthermore, bird cherry-oat aphid colonization had a more substantial impact on levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity in infested host seedlings than grain aphid colonization. Additionally, Ambrozja plants infested by either hemipteran species showed markedly lower antioxidative capacity compared with attacked Tasty Sweet plants.

Differential Expression of Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Aphid-Stressed Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings

Science.gov (United States)

Sytykiewicz, Hubert

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the expression patterns of superoxide dismutase genes (sod2, sod3.4, sod9 and sodB) in seedling leaves of the Zea mays L. Tasty Sweet (susceptible) and Ambrozja (relatively resistant) cultivars infested with one of two hemipteran species, namely monophagous Sitobion avenae F. (grain aphid) or oligophagous Rhopalosiphum padi L. (bird cherry-oat aphid). Secondarily, aphid-elicited alternations in the antioxidative capacity towards DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical in insect-stressed plants were evaluated. Comprehensive comparison of expression profiles of the four sod genes showed that both insect species evoked significant upregulation of three genes sod2, sod3.4 and sod9). However, aphid infestation affected non-significant fluctuations in expression of sodB gene in seedlings of both maize genotypes. The highest levels of transcript accumulation occurred at 8 h (sod2 and sod3.4) or 24 h (sod9) post-infestation, and aphid-induced changes in the expression of sod genes were more dramatic in the Ambrozja cultivar than in the Tasty Sweet variety. Furthermore, bird cherry-oat aphid colonization had a more substantial impact on levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity in infested host seedlings than grain aphid colonization. Additionally, Ambrozja plants infested by either hemipteran species showed markedly lower antioxidative capacity compared with attacked Tasty Sweet plants. PMID:24722734

Cytogenetics of monosomes in Zea mays. Progress report, May 16, 1979-May 15, 1980

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weber, D. F.

1980-02-01

Monosomics lack a pairing partner in each meiotic cell, and genes on an entire chromosome are present in the hemizygous condition. Monosomics for chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in Zea mays have been isolated. This is the only series of this type that has been recovered in any diploid organism. The monosomic plants are vigorous, good cytological samples can be taken, and crosses can be made. All possible monosomic types are being isolated and characterized by studying: (1) the cytology of meiosis; (2) the cytological behavior of univalent chromosomes; (3) the effect of monosomy and trisomy on intergenic and intragenic recombination; (4) the frequency and types of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations arising in monosomics; (5) the effect of aneuploidy on the relative amounts of specific fatty acids in embryos; (6) monosomic mutational mapping; and (7) metabolic profile analysis of monosomics. Systems in maize to detect the environmental and genetic induction of non-disjunction are also being developed. By comparing a monosomic with its disomic siblings, one compares one and two copies of all genes on an entire chromosome. If a gene expressing dosage effects resides on a specific chromosome, a difference will be found between a plant monosomic for that chromosome and its diploid siblings. Genetic factors that control the meiotic process, genetic recombination, lipid biosynthesis, and the free amino acid pool have been discovered.

Detection of Cell Wall Chemical Variation in Zea Mays Mutants Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buyck, N.; Thomas, S.

2001-01-01

Corn stover is regarded as the prime candidate feedstock material for commercial biomass conversion in the United States. Variations in chemical composition of Zea mays cell walls can affect biomass conversion process yields and economics. Mutant lines were constructed by activating a Mu transposon system. The cell wall chemical composition of 48 mutant families was characterized using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR data were analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis technique called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA of the NIR data from 349 maize leaf samples reveals 57 individuals as outliers on one or more of six Principal Components (PCs) at the 95% confidence interval. Of these, 19 individuals from 16 families are outliers on either PC3 (9% of the variation) or PC6 (1% of the variation), the two PCs that contain information about cell wall polymers. Those individuals for which altered cell wall chemistry is confirmed with wet chemical analysis will then be subjected to fermentation analysis to determine whether or not biomass conversion process kinetics, yields and/or economics are significantly affected. Those mutants that provide indications for a decrease in process cost will be pursued further to identify the gene(s) responsible for the observed changes in cell wall composition and associated changes in process economics. These genes will eventually be incorporated into maize breeding programs directed at the development of a truly dual use crop.

Pengaruh Tepung Cangkang Telur dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap pH, Ketersediaan Hara P dan Ca Tanah Inseptisol dan Serapan P dan Ca pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays .L)

OpenAIRE

Simanjuntak, Desi

2017-01-01

This study was to know the effect of eggshell flour and manure in increasing soil pH, P- availability and Ca of inceptisol with P-absorption and Ca-absorption of corn (Zea mays L.). The research had been conducted from march to september 2015 at screen hoise faculty of agriculture,USU. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 2 replications. The first factor was dosage of manure 0, 18,75, 37,5 and 56,25g /5 Kg soil and the second factor was dosage of chic...

Atividade de glutationa S-transferase na metabolização de acetochlor, atrazine e oxyfluorfen em milho (Zea mays L., sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. e trigo (Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae Glutathione S-transferase activity in acetochlor, atrazine and oxyfluorfen metabolization in maize (Zea mays L., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. (Poaceae

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Ethel Lourenzi Barbosa Novelli

2002-05-01

Full Text Available Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a seletividade em plantas dos herbicidas acetochlor, atrazine e oxyfluorfen em relação à atividade da glutationa S-transferase (GST em plantas de milho (Zea mays L., sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. e trigo (Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae. A atividade da GST foi detectada às 24, 48 e 72 horas após as aplicaç��es dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos do experimento consistiram de aplicação com água (controle, acetochlor (3 L.ha-1, atrazine (4 L.ha-1 e oxyfluorfen (1 L.ha-1. As maiores atividades de GST foram observadas na presença de acetochlor, principalmente às 48 horas após o tratamento. Esses aumentos foram 105, 148 e 118% em relação ao controle para milho, sorgo e trigo, respectivamente. É sugerido que a GST pode ter papel na degradação de acetochlor e pode ser uma das razões para a seletividade desse herbicida para essas culturas.This experiment was conducted to evaluate the acetochlor, atrazine and oxyfluorfen herbicides plant selectivity, in relation to glutathione S-transferase activity (GST in maize (Zea mays L., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. and wheat (Triticum aestivum L (Poaceae plants. GST activity was detected 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment applications. The experiment's treatments consisted of spraying plants with water (control, acetochlor (3 L.ha-1`, atrazine (4 L.ha-1 and oxyfluorfen (1 L.ha-1. The highest GST activities were observed in presence of acetochlor, mainly at 48 hours after treatment. These increments were 105, 148 and 118% when compared to maize, sorghum and wheat control groups, respectively. It is suggested that the GST may have a role in acetochlor degradation and it may be a reason for this herbicide's selectivity in these crops.

Bacillus ciccensis sp. nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yang; Li, Nannan; Eom, Mi Kyung; Schumann, Peter; Zhang, Xin; Cao, Yanhua; Ge, Yuanyuan; Xiao, Ming; Zhao, Jiuran; Cheng, Chi; Kim, Song-Gun

2017-11-01

Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6 T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043 T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495 T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2 T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582 T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22 T (97.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6 T was 37.4 mol%. Its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. Strains 5L6 T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6 T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5L6 T (=KCTC 33663 T =CICC 23855 T =DSM 104513 T ).

Hydrogen sulphide improves adaptation of Zea mays seedlings to iron deficiency.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Juan; Wu, Fei-Hua; Shang, Yu-Ting; Wang, Wen-Hua; Hu, Wen-Jun; Simon, Martin; Liu, Xiang; Shangguan, Zhou-Ping; Zheng, Hai-Lei

2015-11-01

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is emerging as a potential molecule involved in physiological regulation in plants. However, whether H2S regulates iron-shortage responses in plants is largely unknown. Here, the role of H2S in modulating iron availability in maize (Zea mays L. cv Canner) seedlings grown in iron-deficient culture solution is reported. The main results are as follows: Firstly, NaHS, a donor of H2S, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize seedlings grown in iron-deficient culture solution. Secondly, electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize seedlings revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana. On the contrary, mesophyll chloroplasts appeared completely developed in H2S-treated maize seedlings. Thirdly, H2S treatment increased iron accumulation in maize seedlings by changing the expression levels of iron homeostasis- and sulphur metabolism-related genes. Fourthly, phytosiderophore (PS) accumulation and secretion were enhanced by H2S treatment in seedlings grown in iron-deficient solution. Indeed, the gene expression of ferric-phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) was specifically induced by iron deficiency in maize leaves and roots, whereas their abundance was decreased by NaHS treatment. Lastly, H2S significantly enhanced photosynthesis through promoting the protein expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (RuBISCO LSU) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and the expression of genes encoding RuBISCO large subunit (RBCL), small subunit (RBCS), D1 protein (psbA), and PEPC in maize seedlings grown in iron-deficient solution. These results indicate that H2S is closely related to iron uptake, transport, and accumulation, and consequently increases chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis in plants. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Las relaciones de comercio e inversión entre Colombia y Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Eglé Iturbe de Blanco

1997-01-01

Venezuela y Colombia cuentan con una larga trayectoria histórica en sus relaciones económicas. Comercian entre ellas y sus nacionales a lo largo de la frontera desde su nacimiento como naciones e interactúan entre ambos países como si fuera uno solo. Al norte, en la península de la Guajira, viven poblaciones indígenas comunes cuyo sustento es el comercio entre ambos lados de la frontera; y al sur, en los estados andinos venezolanos limítrofes con los llanos colombianos, tradicionalmente se ha...

Efecto hepatoprotector del extracto hidroetanólico atomizado del maíz morado (Zea mays L. en lesiones hepáticas inducidas en ratas

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Renán Hañari-Quispe

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto hepatoprotector del extracto hidroetanólico atomizado de Zea mays variedad morado sobre lesiones hepáticas inducidas en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Extracto hidroetanólico atomizado de maíz morado (EAM. Intervenciones: Se formó seis grupos de ratas machos (n=10, por cada grupo, se les administró fenobarbital a concentración de 0,5 g/L en agua potable ad líbitum por 15 días; posteriormente se administró tetracloruro de carbono (CCl a una dosis de 0,2 mL/kg, por vía oral. El diseño experimental fue el siguiente: G1: suero fisiológico (SSF; G2: CCl0,2 mL/kg (T;4G3: T+ 4 silimarina 25 mg/kg; G4: T + EAM 500 mg/kg; G5: T + EAM 1 000 mg/kg; G6: T + EAM 2 000 mg/kg. Principales medidas de resultados: Perfil hepático, especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS en suero, índice hepático, observación histológica. Resultados: Se observó aumento significativo (p<0,05 en la actividad de alanina amino transferasa (ALT entre el grupo G2 y los grupos G3 y G4 (p<0,001. Hubo disminución significativa (p<0,05 de fosfatasa alcalina (FAL en el grupo G2 con respecto G1. El nivel de TBARS fue menor en el grupo que recibió 1 000 mg/kg de EAM con respecto al control. Las actividades de HDL-C y triglicéridos no mostraron diferencias significativas. Se ha observado la reducción de 60% de la lesión hepática, evidenciado con menor daño del hepatocito al estudio histológico. Conclusiones: El extracto hidroetanólico atomizado de maíz morado a la dosis de 1 000 mg/kg disminuyó las lesiones hepáticas inducidas en ratas.

Yield stability in maize (Zea mays L. and correlations among the parameters of the Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and Huehn models

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Carlos Alberto Scapim

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Assessment of the stability and adaptability of a genotype to different environments is useful for recommending cultivars for known conditions of cultivation and should be a requirement in breeding programs. Twenty maize (Zea mays L. cultivars were tested at eight locations in Minas Gerais by the National Center for Maize and Sorghum Research (CNPMS of the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA for two years. The experiments involved a randomized complete block design in which three procedures were used to analyze cultivar stability and adaptability. The level of association among the parameters obtained by the three methods was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Hybrids 'DINA 170', 'G-96C', 'C 505', 'DINA 70' and 'C 435' had a mean yield greater than 6,000 kg/ha. Eberhart and Russell's regression coefficient (betai was negative and correlated significantly (P or = 0.05, but correlated positively with Si(1 (P O conhecimento sobre a estabilidade e adaptabilidade de comportamento de genótipos contém informações muito úteis para a recomendação de cultivares para condições de cultivo conhecidas a priori, de modo que a avaliação da resposta dos genótipos às variações ambientais deve ser etapa obrigatória em programas de melhoramento. Para caracterizar 20 cultivares de milho, foram realizados dez ensaios (oito localidades do Estado de Minas Gerais, em dois anos no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa. Três procedimentos estatísticos foram adotados para a análise da estabilidade e adaptabilidade dos cultivares e avaliou-se o grau de associação entre os parâmetros dos três métodos por meio da correlação classificatória de Spearman. 'DINA 170', 'G-96C', 'C 505', 'DINA 70' e 'C 435' destacaram-se com produtividades médias superiores a 6.000 kg/ha. O coeficiente de regressão (betai de Eberhart

Relaciones entre los salarios y la productividad en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Méndez Sayago, Jhon Alexander

2017-01-01

Esta tesis de doctorado está compuesta de cuatro artículos que tienen como propósito estudiar las relaciones entre los salarios y la productividad laboral en Colombia. Los dos primeros artículos denominados “Salario real y eficiencia del trabajo en el sector manufacturero en Colombia” y “Análisis de causalidad y sensibilidad entre los salarios reales y la productividad laboral en el sector manufacturero a partir de cifras de los departamentos en Colombia” aportan evidencia empírica sobre la d...

Superoxide-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Junhuan; Tran, Thu; Padilla Marcia, Carmen S; Braun, David M; Goggin, Fiona L

2017-08-01

Superoxide (O 2 - ) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in response to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Different ROS have been reported to elicit different transcriptional responses in plants, and so ROS-responsive marker genes and promoter::reporter gene fusions have been proposed as indirect means of detecting ROS and discriminating among different species. However, further information about the specificity of transcriptional responses to O 2 - is needed in order to assess potential markers for this critical stress-responsive signaling molecule. Using qRT-PCR, the expression of 12 genes previously reported to be upregulated by O 2 - was measured in Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to elicitors of common stress-responsive ROS: methyl viologen (an inducer of O 2 - ), rose bengal (an inducer of singlet oxygen, 1 ΔO 2 ), and exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Surprisingly, Zinc-Finger Protein 12 (AtZAT12), which had previously been used as a reporter for H 2 O 2 , responded more strongly to O 2 - than to H 2 O 2 ; moreover, the expression of an AtZAT12 promoter-reporter fusion (AtZAT12::Luc) was enhanced by diethyldithiocarbamate, which inhibits dismutation of O 2 - to H 2 O 2 . These results suggest that AtZAT12 is transcriptionally upregulated in response to O 2 - , and that AtZAT12::Luc may be a useful biosensor for detecting O 2 - generation in vivo. In addition, transcripts encoding uncoupling proteins (AtUCPs) showed selectivity for O 2 - in Arabidopsis, and an AtUCP homolog upregulated by methyl viologen was also identified in maize (Zea mays L.), indicating that there are O 2 - -responsive members of this family in monocots. These results expand our limited knowledge of ROS-responsive gene expression in monocots, as well as O 2 - -selective responses in dicots. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.

Avaliação de cinco híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L. em diferentes estádios de maturação: 3. Composição químico-bromatológica Evaluation of five corn hybrids (Zea mays, L. at different maturity stages: 3. Chemical-bromatology composition

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Lúcia Maria Zeoula

2003-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar cinco híbridos de milho (Zea mays L. Pioneer: superprecoce P32R21, os precoces P30R07, P3041 e P30F33 e o semiprecoce P30F80, quanto à composição química, em diferentes estádios de maturação. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. A colheita das amostras dos híbridos de milho foi adotada estimando-se os cinco estádios de maturação da planta: 30, 34, 38, 42 e 46% de matéria seca (MS. Para cada estádio de maturação, procedeu-se à separação de colmo + bainha, lâmina foliar e do grão para posteriores analises químicas. Da fração grão, foram determinados os teores de nitrogênio total e de amido, nos cinco estádios de maturação. Nas frações de lâmina foliar e colmo + bainha, foram determinados os teores de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, lignina, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA e nitrogênio total. Para os parâmetros avaliados observou-se diferença entre os híbridos de milho e efeito de dias pós-plantio. Com o avanço do estádio de maturação, observou-se que houve ligeira redução nos teores de proteína bruta (PB e os teores de amido praticamente não variaram no grão. Para a fração lâmina foliar, verificou-se que, com o aumento nos teores de matéria seca da planta, houve queda nos teores de PB e NIDA, ao contrário da fração colmo + bainha, cujos teores aumentaram. Os teores de FDN, FDA e lignina na lâmina foliar aumentaram, porém esses nutrientes na fração colmo + bainha dos híbridos de milho, praticamente, não variaram com o avanço do estádio de maturação.The objective of this study was evaluate, of the chemical composition of five corn (Zea mays L. hybrids Pioneer: P32R21, P30R07, P3041, P30F33 and P30F80, at different maturity stages. The treatments were used in plots of 7 x 8 m in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The samples

Correlación entre homofobia y racismo en estudiantes de medicina

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Adalberto Campo-Arias

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación entre homofobia y racismo en estudiantes de medicina de Bucaramanga (Colombia. Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a estudiantes mayores de 18 años. La actitud hacia homosexuales (homofobia o prejuicio sexual se midió con la Escala de Homofobia (EHF y la actitud hacia afrocolombianos (el racismo o la discriminación racial, con una versión en español de la Escala de Racismo Moderno (MRS. La asociación entre homofobia y racismo se calculó con los coeficientes de Pearson (r y Spearman (rs. Un grupo de 334 estudiantes aceptó participar. La media para la edad fue 20,1 años (DE=1,9, 59,0 % eran mujeres. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,78 para la EHF y 0,62 para la MRS. Las puntuaciones en la EHF fueron entre 7 y 34 (media=17,8; SD=5,4 y en la MRS, entre 0 y 34 (media=13,8; SD=5,2. El coeficiente r fue 0,35 (p<0,001 y rs, 0,34 (p<0,001. Se concluye que existe correlación positiva entre estas formas de prejuicio (la homofobia y el racismo en estudiantes de medicina de Bucaramanga. Se necesita una intervención para reducir los prejuicios en los estudiantes de medicina.

Phytoextraction of cadmium by rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and maize (Zea mays L.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, M. [Department of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 (Japan)]. E-mail: simple@affrc.go.jp; Ae, N. [Department of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 (Japan)]. E-mail: aenoriha@kobe-u.ac.jp; Ishikawa, S. [Department of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 (Japan)]. E-mail: isatoru@niaes.affrc.go.jp

2007-01-15

Selecting a phytoextraction plant with high Cd-accumulating ability based on the plant's compatibility with mechanized cultivation techniques may yield more immediately practical results than selection based on high tolerance to Cd. Rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Nipponbare and Milyang 23), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr., cv. Enrei and Suzuyutaka), and maize (Zea mays L., cv. Gold Dent) were grown on one Andosol and two Fluvisols with low concentration of Cd contamination ranging from 0.83 to 4.29 mg Cd kg{sup -1}, during 60 days in pots (550 mL) placed in a greenhouse. Shoot Cd uptake was as follows: Gold Dent < Enrei and Nipponbare < Suzuyutaka and Milyang 23. Several soil Cd fractions after Milyang 23 harvesting decreased most. Milyang 23 accumulated 10-15% of the total soil Cd in its shoot. The Milyang 23 rice is thus promising for phytoextraction of Cd from paddy soils with low contamination level. - Milyang 23 rice (Oryza sativa L.) accumulated 10-15% of the total soil Cd in its shoot.

Distinguishing nitrogen fertilization levels in field corn (Zea mays L.) with actively induced fluorescence and passive reflectance measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McMurtrey, J.E. III; Chappelle, E.W.; Kim, M.S.; Meisinger, J.J.; Corp, L.A

1994-01-01

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an active sensing technique capable of capturing immediate and specific indications of changes in plant physiology and metabolism as they relate to the concentration and photosynthetic activity of the plant pigments. Reflectance is a passive sensing technique that can capture differences in the concentration of the primary plant pigments. Fluorescence and reflectance were compared for their ability to measure levels of plant stress that are of agronomic importance in corn (Zea mays L.) crops. Laboratory LIF and reflectance spectra were made on excised leaves from field grown corn. Changes in the visible region of the spectrum were compared between groups of plants fertilized with seven different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. A pulsed nitrogen laser emitting photons at a wavelength of 337 nm was used as a fluorescence excitation source. Differences in maximum intensity of fluorescence occurred at 440 nm, 525 nm, 685 nm, and 740 nm. Significant separations were found between levels of N fertilization at several LIF wavelength ratios. Several reflectance algorithms also produced significant separations between certain levels of N fertilization

Phytoextraction of cadmium by rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and maize (Zea mays L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murakami, M.; Ae, N.; Ishikawa, S.

2007-01-01

Selecting a phytoextraction plant with high Cd-accumulating ability based on the plant's compatibility with mechanized cultivation techniques may yield more immediately practical results than selection based on high tolerance to Cd. Rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Nipponbare and Milyang 23), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr., cv. Enrei and Suzuyutaka), and maize (Zea mays L., cv. Gold Dent) were grown on one Andosol and two Fluvisols with low concentration of Cd contamination ranging from 0.83 to 4.29 mg Cd kg -1 , during 60 days in pots (550 mL) placed in a greenhouse. Shoot Cd uptake was as follows: Gold Dent < Enrei and Nipponbare < Suzuyutaka and Milyang 23. Several soil Cd fractions after Milyang 23 harvesting decreased most. Milyang 23 accumulated 10-15% of the total soil Cd in its shoot. The Milyang 23 rice is thus promising for phytoextraction of Cd from paddy soils with low contamination level. - Milyang 23 rice (Oryza sativa L.) accumulated 10-15% of the total soil Cd in its shoot

The effect of triazole induced photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constituents of Zea mays L. (Maize) under drought stress

Science.gov (United States)

Rajasekar, Mahalingam; Rabert, Gabriel Amalan; Manivannan, Paramasivam

2016-06-01

In this investigation, pot culture experiment was carried out to estimate the ameliorating effect of triazole compounds, namely Triadimefon (TDM), Tebuconazole (TBZ), and Propiconazole (PCZ) on drought stress, photosynthetic pigments, and biochemical constituents of Zea mays L. (Maize). From 30 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were subjected to 4 days interval drought (DID) stress and drought with TDM at 15 mg l-1, TBZ at 10 mg l-1, and PCZ at 15 mg l-1. Irrigation at 1-day interval was kept as control. Irrigation performed on alternative day. The plant samples were collected on 40, 50, and 60 DAS and separated into root, stem, and leaf for estimating the photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constituents. Drought and drought with triazole compounds treatment increased the biochemical glycine betaine content, whereas the protein and the pigments contents chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin decreased when compared to control. The triazole treatment mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress by increasing the biochemical potentials and paved the way to overcome drought stress in corn plant.

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of Maize ( Zea mays L.) flour

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nawaz, Haq; Shad, Muhammad Aslam; Rehman, Tanzila; Ramzan, Ayesha

2016-01-01

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of maize (Zea mays L.) flour was studied using response surface methodology. A central composite design based on three levels of each of particle size, in terms of mesh number (40, 60 and 80 meshes), and gamma radiation dose (25, 50 and 75 kGy) was constructed. A statistically significant dose-dependent decrease (p<0.05) in antioxidant properties of gamma irradiated flour was observed. However, an increase in the mesh number (decrease in particle size of flour) resulted in an increase in antioxidant properties. The optimum level of radiation dose to achieve maximum value of responses was found to be 50 kGy for Trolox equivalent total antioxidant activity (TETAOA), 25 kGy for iron chelating ability (ICA), 25 kGy for reducing power (RP) and 75 kGy for linoleic acid reduction capacity (LARC). However, the optimum level of mesh number to achieve desired levels of TETAOA, ICA, RP and LARC was found to be 80 meshes. (author)

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of Maize ( Zea mays L.) flour

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nawaz, Haq; Shad, Muhammad Aslam; Rehman, Tanzila; Ramzan, Ayesha, E-mail: haqnawaz@bzu.edu.pk [Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan)

2016-10-15

Influence of high-dose gamma radiation and particle size on antioxidant properties of maize (Zea mays L.) flour was studied using response surface methodology. A central composite design based on three levels of each of particle size, in terms of mesh number (40, 60 and 80 meshes), and gamma radiation dose (25, 50 and 75 kGy) was constructed. A statistically significant dose-dependent decrease (p<0.05) in antioxidant properties of gamma irradiated flour was observed. However, an increase in the mesh number (decrease in particle size of flour) resulted in an increase in antioxidant properties. The optimum level of radiation dose to achieve maximum value of responses was found to be 50 kGy for Trolox equivalent total antioxidant activity (TETAOA), 25 kGy for iron chelating ability (ICA), 25 kGy for reducing power (RP) and 75 kGy for linoleic acid reduction capacity (LARC). However, the optimum level of mesh number to achieve desired levels of TETAOA, ICA, RP and LARC was found to be 80 meshes. (author)

β-aminobutyric acid mediated drought stress alleviation in maize (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Shaw, Arun K; Bhardwaj, Pardeep K; Ghosh, Supriya; Roy, Sankhajit; Saha, Suman; Sherpa, Ang R; Saha, Samir K; Hossain, Zahed

2016-02-01

The present study highlights the role of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) in alleviating drought stress effects in maize (Zea mays L.). Chemical priming was imposed by pretreating 1-week-old plants with 600 μM BABA prior to applying drought stress. Specific activities of key antioxidant enzymes and metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) levels of ascorbate-glutathione cycle were studied to unravel the priming-induced modulation of plant defense system. Furthermore, changes in endogenous ABA and JA concentrations as well as mRNA expressions of key genes involved in their respective biosynthesis pathways were monitored in BABA-primed (BABA+) and non-primed (BABA-) leaves of drought-challenged plants to better understand the mechanistic insights into the BABA-induced hormonal regulation of plant response to water-deficit stress. Accelerated stomatal closure, high relative water content, and less membrane damage were observed in BABA-primed leaves under water-deficit condition. Elevated APX and SOD activity in non-primed leaves found to be insufficient to scavenge all H2O2 and O2 (·-) resulting in oxidative burst as evident after histochemical staining with NBT and DAB. A higher proline accumulation in non-primed leaves also does not give much protection against drought stress. Increased GR activity supported with the enhanced mRNA and protein expressions might help the BABA-primed plants to maintain a high GSH pool essential for sustaining balanced redox status to counter drought-induced oxidative stress damages. Hormonal analysis suggests that in maize, BABA-potentiated drought tolerance is primarily mediated through JA-dependent pathway by the activation of antioxidant defense systems while ABA biosynthesis pathway also plays an important role in fine-tuning of drought stress response.

Inseticidas para o controle da traça-do-tomateiro e broca-grande e seu impacto sobre Trichogramma pretiosum Insecticides for the control of the South American tomato pinworm and the corn earworm and impact of those products on Trichogramma pretiosum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Castelo Branco

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Experimentos de campo foram conduzidos entre maio e outubro de 2000 para determinar a eficiência de diversos inseticidas para o controle de Tuta absoluta e Helicoverpa zea e o impacto desses produtos sobre a emergência do parasitóide Trichogramma pretiosum. Os inseticidas testados, bem como as doses em g i.a./ha foram: metoxifenozide (120; 144, clorpirifós (540; 675, tiacloprid (72; 96 e triflumuron (144. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos (inseticidas e testemunha e cinco repetições, com 40 plantas/parcela. Frutos de tomate foram coletados aos 58, 80 e 87 dias após o transplante das mudas para a determinação da percentagem de frutos danificados pelos insetos. O impacto dos inseticidas sobre T. pretiosum foi avaliado mediante a coleta de 20 ovos de H. zea por parcela aos 61 dias após o transplante, onde foi realizada a avaliação da emergência do parasitóide. Todos os inseticidas reduziram significativamente os danos causados por H. zea. Contudo, nenhum deles foi eficiente para o controle de T. absoluta. Metoxifenozide e clorpirifós (540 não reduziram significativamente o número de ovos parasitados por T. pretiosum quando comparados à testemunha.Field studies were conducted from May to October 2000 to determine the effectiveness of several insecticides in controlling Tuta absoluta and Helicoverpa zea and their impact on emergence of the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. The insecticides tested were: methoxyfenozide (120; 144, clorpirifós (540; 675, tiacloprid (72; 96 and triflumuron (144. Application rates of all insecticides are expressed as g a.i./ha. The experiment was designed as randomized complete block with eight treatments (insecticides and untreated plots with five replications. Tomato fruits were harvested 58; 80 and 87 days after transplanting and the percentage of damaged fruits by both pests determined. The impact of insecticides on T. pretiosum survival was determined

Um mapeamento das aproximações entre Weber e Nietzsche

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Leandro dos Santos

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo um levantamento dos principais tópicos de aproximação entre a Sociologia de Max Weber (1864-1920 e a Filosofia de Friedrich W. Nietzsche (1844-1900. Para tanto, sublinharam-se os pontos mais expressivos e correntemente observados na literatura acerca das aproximações entre Weber e Nietzsche. Nesse sentido, os traços de maior afinidade foram encontrados nos seguintes temas: poder, conhecimento, modernidade e ética.

Cyberbullying: competencia social, motivación y relaciones entre iguales

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2016-07-01

Full Text Available El reconocimiento de cierto solapamiento entre el acoso cara a cara (bullying y el ciberacoso (cyberbullying puede indicar que variables de cognición social, cuya influencia ha sido reconocida en el bullying, también estén presentes en el acoso cibernético. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar el ajuste social de los implicados en cyberbullying y analizar las diferencias en la percepción de la competencia social, la motivación y el apoyo de los iguales, entre víctimas, agresores y agresores victimizados del cyberbullying. Un total de 505 adolescentes (47,3% chicas con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años (M=13.95; DT=1.42 participaron en el estudio. Se utilizaron instrumentos para adolescentes validados en español y se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas para la adaptación de la escala de competencia social. Análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios mostraron índices óptimos de fiabilidad y validez. Se observó una mayor implicación de los ciberagresores victimizados. Las comparaciones entre roles a través de pruebas no paramétricas mostraron en los ciberagresores un mayor apoyo social que el resto de perfiles y altos niveles en metas de popularidad. Las cibervíctimas destacaron por su alta percepción de competencia social. Los ciberagresores victimizados mostraron altos niveles de metas de popularidad y baja aceptación social. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la forma en que el grupo de iguales gestiona su vida emocional y social puede estar explicando la situación de cyberbullying entre los adolescentes.

Entre formigas e estrelas

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Vinicius Prates

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Esta resenha apresenta o livro Reagregando o social: uma introdução à teoria do ator-rede, última obra do filósofo francês Bruno Latour publicada no Brasil. Nele, o autor se propõe a elaborar uma suma da crítica que faz aos conceitos usualmente aceitos de “social”, o que vem desenvolvendo ao longo dos últimos anos de produção intelectual. Neste processo ele criou a “Teoria-ator-rede”, que busca reestabelecer teoricamente as relações entre o que chama de mediadores “humanos” e “não-humanos”.

Ecogeography of teosinte.

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José de Jesús Sánchez González

Full Text Available Adaptation of crops to climate change has motivated an increasing interest in the potential value of novel traits from wild species; maize wild relatives, the teosintes, harbor traits that may be useful to maize breeding. To study the ecogeographic distribution of teosinte we constructed a robust database of 2363 teosinte occurrences from published sources for the period 1842-2016. A geographical information system integrating 216 environmental variables was created for Mexico and Central America and was used to characterize the environment of each teosinte occurrence site. The natural geographic distribution of teosinte extends from the Western Sierra Madre of the State of Chihuahua, Mexico to the Pacific coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, including practically the entire western part of Mesoamerica. The Mexican annuals Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and Zea mays ssp. mexicana show a wide distribution in Mexico, while Zea diploperennis, Zea luxurians, Zea perennis, Zea mays ssp. huehuetenangensis, Zea vespertilio and Zea nicaraguensis had more restricted and distinct ranges, representing less than 20% of the total occurrences. Only 11.2% of teosinte populations are found in Protected Natural Areas in Mexico and Central America. Ecogeographical analysis showed that teosinte can cope with extreme levels of precipitation and temperatures during growing season. Modelling teosinte geographic distribution demonstrated congruence between actual and potential distributions; however, some areas with no occurrences appear to be within the range of adaptation of teosintes. Field surveys should be prioritized to such regions to accelerate the discovery of unknown populations. Potential areas for teosintes Zea mays ssp. mexicana races Chalco, Nobogame, and Durango, Zea mays ssp. huehuetenangensis, Zea luxurians, Zea diploperennis and Zea nicaraguensis are geographically separated; however, partial overlapping occurs between Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and Zea

Ecogeography of teosinte

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez González, José de Jesús; García, Guillermo Medina; Ojeda, Gabriela Ramírez; Larios, Lino De la Cruz; Holland, James Brendan; Medrano, Roberto Miranda; García Romero, Giovanni Emmanuel

2018-01-01

Adaptation of crops to climate change has motivated an increasing interest in the potential value of novel traits from wild species; maize wild relatives, the teosintes, harbor traits that may be useful to maize breeding. To study the ecogeographic distribution of teosinte we constructed a robust database of 2363 teosinte occurrences from published sources for the period 1842–2016. A geographical information system integrating 216 environmental variables was created for Mexico and Central America and was used to characterize the environment of each teosinte occurrence site. The natural geographic distribution of teosinte extends from the Western Sierra Madre of the State of Chihuahua, Mexico to the Pacific coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, including practically the entire western part of Mesoamerica. The Mexican annuals Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and Zea mays ssp. mexicana show a wide distribution in Mexico, while Zea diploperennis, Zea luxurians, Zea perennis, Zea mays ssp. huehuetenangensis, Zea vespertilio and Zea nicaraguensis had more restricted and distinct ranges, representing less than 20% of the total occurrences. Only 11.2% of teosinte populations are found in Protected Natural Areas in Mexico and Central America. Ecogeographical analysis showed that teosinte can cope with extreme levels of precipitation and temperatures during growing season. Modelling teosinte geographic distribution demonstrated congruence between actual and potential distributions; however, some areas with no occurrences appear to be within the range of adaptation of teosintes. Field surveys should be prioritized to such regions to accelerate the discovery of unknown populations. Potential areas for teosintes Zea mays ssp. mexicana races Chalco, Nobogame, and Durango, Zea mays ssp. huehuetenangensis, Zea luxurians, Zea diploperennis and Zea nicaraguensis are geographically separated; however, partial overlapping occurs between Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and Zea perennis, between Zea

The Fast-Casual Conundrum: Fast-Casual Restaurant Entrées Are Higher in Calories than Fast Food.

Science.gov (United States)

Schoffman, Danielle E; Davidson, Charis R; Hales, Sarah B; Crimarco, Anthony E; Dahl, Alicia A; Turner-McGrievy, Gabrielle M

2016-10-01

Frequently eating fast food has been associated with consuming a diet high in calories, and there is a public perception that fast-casual restaurants (eg, Chipotle) are healthier than traditional fast food (eg, McDonald's). However, research has not examined whether fast-food entrées and fast-casual entrées differ in calorie content. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the caloric content of entrées at fast-food restaurants differed from that found at fast-casual restaurants. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data. Calorie information from 2014 for lunch and dinner entrées for fast-food and fast-casual restaurants was downloaded from the MenuStat database. Mean calories per entrée between fast-food restaurants and fast-casual restaurants and the proportion of restaurant entrées that fell into different calorie ranges were assessed. A t test was conducted to test the hypothesis that there was no difference between the average calories per entrée at fast-food and fast-casual restaurants. To examine the difference in distribution of entrées in different calorie ranges between fast-food and fast-casual restaurants, χ(2) tests were used. There were 34 fast-food and 28 fast-casual restaurants included in the analysis (n=3,193 entrées). Fast-casual entrées had significantly more calories per entrée (760±301 kcal) than fast-food entrées (561±268; Prestaurants to determine whether the energy content or nutrient density of full meals (ie, entrées with sides and drinks) differs between fast-casual restaurants and fast-food restaurants. Calorie-conscious consumers should consider the calorie content of entrée items before purchase, regardless of restaurant type. Copyright © 2016 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for phytoremediation of dredging sludge contaminated by trace metals.

Science.gov (United States)

Arbaoui, Sarra; Evlard, Aricia; Mhamdi, Mohamed El Wafi; Campanella, Bruno; Paul, Roger; Bettaieb, Taoufik

2013-07-01

The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for accumulation of cadmium and zinc was investigated. Plants have been grown in lysimetres containing dredging sludge, a substratum naturally rich in trace metals. Biomass production was determined. Sludge and water percolating from lysimeters were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. No visible symptoms of toxicity were observed during the three- month culture. Kenaf and corn tolerate trace metals content in sludge. Results showed that Zn and Cd were found in corn and kenaf shoots at different levels, 2.49 mg/kg of Cd and 82.5 mg/kg of Zn in kenaf shoots and 2.1 mg/kg of Cd and 10.19 mg/kg in corn shoots. Quantities of extracted trace metals showed that decontamination of Zn and Cd polluted substrates is possible by corn and kenaf crops. Tolerance and bioaccumulation factors indicated that both species could be used in phytoremediation.

Effects Of Irrigation With Saline Water, And Soil Type On Germination And Seedling Growth Of Sweet Maize (Zea Mays L.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mostafa, A.Z.; Amato, M.; Hamdi, A.; Mostafa, A.Z.; Galal, Y.G.M.; Lotfy, S.M.

2012-01-01

Germination and early growth of maize Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.), var. (SEL. CONETA) under irrigation with saline water were investigated in a pot experiment with different soil types. Seven salinity levels of irrigation water up to 12 dS/m were used on a Clay soil (C) and a Sandy-Loam (SL). Emergence of maize was delayed under irrigation with saline water, and the final percentage of germination was reduced only at 8 dS/m or above. Seedling shoot and root growth were reduced starting at 4 dS/m of irrigation water. Salts accumulated more in the C soil but reductions in final germination rate and seedling growth were larger in the SL soil, although differences were not always significant. Data indicate that germination is rather tolerant to salinity level in var. SEL. CONETA whereas seedling growth is reduced at moderate salinity levels, and that soil type affects plant performance under irrigation with saline water

Correlations between gravitropic curvature and auxin movement across gravistimulated roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Young, L. M.; Evans, M. L.; Hertel, R.

1990-01-01

We compared the kinetics of auxin redistribution across the caps of primary roots of 2-day-old maize (Zea mays, cv Merit) seedlings with the time course of gravitropic curvature. [3H] indoleacetic acid was applied to one side of the cap in an agar donor and radioactivity moving across the cap was collected in an agar receiver applied to the opposite side. Upon gravistimulation the roots first curved upward slightly, then returned to the horizontal and began curving downward, reaching a final angle of about 67 degrees. Movement of label across the caps of gravistimulated roots was asymmetric with preferential downward movement (ratio downward/upward = ca. 1.6, radioactivity collected during the 90 min following beginning of gravistimulation). There was a close correlation between the development of asymmetric auxin movement across the root cap and the rate of curvature, with both values increasing to a maximum and then declining as the roots approached the final angle of curvature. In roots preadapted to gravity (alternate brief stimulation on opposite flanks over a period of 1 hour) the initial phase of upward curvature was eliminated and downward bending began earlier than for controls. The correlation between asymmetric auxin movement and the kinetics of curvature also held in comparisons between control and preadapted roots. Both downward auxin transport asymmetry and downward curvature occurred earlier in preadapted roots than in controls. These findings are consistent with suggestions that the root cap is not only the site of perception but also the location of the initial redistribution of effectors that ultimately leads to curvature.

Active glucose transport and proton pumping in tonoplast membrane of Zea mays L. coleoptiles are inhibited by anti-H+-ATPase antibodies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rausch, T.; Butcher, D.N.; Taiz, L.

1987-01-01

A tonoplast enriched fraction was obtained from Zea mays L. coleoptiles by isopycnic centrifugation of microsomal membranes in a sucrose step gradient. At the 18/26% interface chloride-stimulated and nitrate-inhibited proton pumping activity coincided with a Mg 2+ -ATP dependent accumulation of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (OMG) as determined by a membrane filtration technique using 14 C-labeled substrate. OMG transport showed an apparently saturable component with a K/sub m/ of 110 micromolar, and was completely inhibited by 10 micromolar carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Polyclonal antibodies against solubilized native tonoplast H + -ATPase and its 62 and 72 kilodalton subunits were assayed for their ability to inhibit proton pumping and OMG accumulation. Antibodies against both the native enzyme and the putative catalytic subunit strongly inhibited proton pumping and OMG transport whereas antibodies against the 62 kilodalton subunit had only a slight effect on both processes

INFLUENCIA DEL CULTIVO INTERCALADO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD DEL FRUTO DE TOMATE CEREZA

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Fabricio Rossi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar la influencia en la cosecha y calidad de los frutos de Solanum lycopersicum L. (1753 cv. cereza [Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. 1768] (tomate en convivencia con cultivos intercalares de cinco Fabaceae, plantas auxiliadoras en la agricultura y dos tratamientos con y sin residuos de cosecha de Zea mayz L. El estudio fue im- plantado en el Polo Centro Sul, Piracicaba-SP. Brasil, en suelo Argisol rojo-amarillo distrófico. El diseño experimental fue en bloque al azar con cinco repeticiones y ocho tratamientos en con- vivencia con plantas de tomate con:1 Sin residuos de ZEAMA-Zea mayz L.;2 Con residuos de ZEAMA- Zea mayz L. cv.cativerde 2; 3 CANEN- Canavalia ensiformis (L. DC.; 4CRO- JU- Crotalaria juncea L.; 5 MUCPR- Mucuna pruriens (L. DC. cv. arbusto (enana o anã; 6 VIGRA- Vigna radiata L. 7 LUPAL- Lupinus albus L.; 8 VIGUN- Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp. Los resultados mostraron que la producción y calidad de los frutos de tomate fue normal, sin ataque de plagas y no se aplicó ningún agrotóxico. El abono verde, así como la presencia o ausencia de residuos de cosecha de maíz, no interfiere en la temporada de cosecha. En cuanto al análisis de sólidos solubles totales (SST y acidez (pH no difirió entre los tratamientos.

Métodos de analise dos danos da lagarta da espiga¹, em médias de gerações envolvendo IAC Maya e Zapalote Chico Method for analysis of damage of the corn earworm heliothis zea in generation means from IAC Maya and Zapalote Chico

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Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende

1982-01-01

Full Text Available O milho Zapalote Chico 2451 (ZC 2451, referido na literatura como a melhor fonte de resistência à lagarta da espiga, Heliothis zea (Boddie, 1850, e o IAC Maya XII foram observados em condições de campo, juntamente com as gerações F1, e F2 resultantes do cruzamento de ambos, bem como os respectivos retrocruzamentos da população F1, para cada um dos pais, a fim de estudar métodos de análises de dados obtidos através da escala de dano revista por WIDSTROM e, conseqüentemente, fornecer subsídios para trabalhos de estudo da herança da resistência envolvendo esse cruzamento. Para analisar os dados, dividiram-se as notas de dano em quatro classes distintas agrupadas duas a duas, zero mais 1 e > 2, e zero e > 1, e aplicou-se o método do quiquadrado (c2 para verificar qual divisão melhor se ajustava. Os resultados revelaram que o grupo das classes zero mais 1 e > 2 apresentou melhor uniformidade dos dados entre as repetições dentro de cada tratamento. A análise da variância para cada classe de dano, separadamente, apresentou valores de F altamente significativos para as classes zero e zero mais 1, enquanto para as classes > 1 e > 2, os mesmos não permitiram diferenciar os tratamentos. Entre as classes zero e zero mais 1, esta última revelou maior significância e melhor precisão dos dados. O milho ZC 2451, quando comparado com a variedade IAC Maya XII, exibiu boa resistência à lagarta da espiga nas condições de Campinas (SP, resistência essa relacionada com fatores de não preferência e/ou antibiose, devido ã maior porcentagem de espigas não danificadas do ZC 2451.The line Zapalote Chico 2451 (ZC 2451 resistant to the corn earworm, Heliothis zea, the commercial synthetic Brazilian variety IAC Maya XII, the F1 and F2 obtained with their cross, and the two back crosses between the F1 and both parents, were planted in the field in a randomized block with 10 replications. The earworm damage done to the ears was graded

en tres sistemas agroforestales

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Javier Monge Meza

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió el desarrollo inicial (30 meses del duraznillo (Prunus annularis en tres sistemas agroforestales: duraznillo-maíz (Zea mays, duraznillomenta (Satureja viminea y duraznillo-naranjilla (Solanum quitoense, en un sitio en la zona de vida Bosque muy húmedo Montano Bajo, en Costa Rica. Se utilizaron cuatro parcelas de cada sistema agroforestal, con una densidad de 722 árboles/ ha, y un sistema de siembra de árboles en forma de triángulo equilátero, entre los que se intercaló el componente agrícola respectivo de cada sistema agroforestal. La altura media alcanzada por los árboles de duraznillo fue de 226,2, 221,4 y 164,3 cm, para el sistema agroforestal duraznillo-maíz, duraznillo- menta y duraznillo-naranjilla, respectivamente. En cuanto a los volúmenes, éstos variaron entre 0,58 y 1,30 m3/ha. Hubo una diferencia significativa en altura media entre el sistema agroforestal duraznillo-maíz y duraznillo-menta con respecto al de duraznillo-naranjilla. No hubo diferencias con respecto al volumen entre los sistemas de producción

Interactions entre muqueuse orale, salive et molécules de la flaveur

OpenAIRE

Ployon, Sarah

2016-01-01

Le rôle de la salive dans la perception sensorielle est de plus en plus reconnu, notamment par le biais des interactions physico-chimiques pouvant s’établir entre protéines salivaires et constituants alimentaires. Ce travail s’intéresse à la pellicule salivaire, la couche de protéines salivaires ancrées aux cellules épithéliales, et vise à caractériser les interactions pouvant s’établir d’une part entre ces protéines et épithélium oral, et d‘autre part entre ces protéines et les molécules de ...

PAPEL DE LA CONFIANZA en las relaciones entre organizaciones

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Irene Juana Guillén Mondragón

2006-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente documento es analizar las definiciones y la importancia de la confianza para crear relaciones de cooperación entre organizaciones de naturaleza distinta. Se hace referencia a los modelos de organización dominantes para acercarnos a los nuevos mecanismos de regulación social propuestos por la sociología para tratar la organización, debido a que en el contexto actual las nuevas concepciones de la organización del trabajo han promovido en las organizaciones formas distintas de competir en el mercado. Procesos de cambio que obligan a las organizaciones a construir una nueva identidad y a renovar los contratos psicológicos con sus integrantes. La noción de confianza ha sido llevada del ámbito social al organizacional con la finalidad de lograr acuerdos entre organizaciones y al mismo tiempo lograr el compromiso de los integrantes de tales entidades. Para que estas puedan funcionar bajo este marco de transformaciones requieren de relaciones de colaboración regidas por la  confianza; relaciones que se dan en los niveles individual, dentro de la organización, entre organizaciones e institucionalmente. Los diferentes niveles de confianza están presentes en las relaciones que entablan los individuos, tanto dentro de la organización como en su entorno. Algunas de las reflexiones en torno a esta problemática nos llevan a pensar que el papel de la confianza es dinámico e incide en la transferencia y el intercambio de conocimientos, técnicas y procedimientos científicos, tecnologías, productos, capitales, entre otros. Además, las relaciones fundadas en la confianza requieren de la suspensión del propio interés, en beneficio de unaorientación colectiva (Mangematin y Thuderoz, 2003. Sin embargo, también se reconoce que con todo y la posibilidad que el hombre tiene de deliberar y de generar confianza, es evidente que entre los hombres prevalecen tanto la confianza calculada como los deseos de altruismo para entrar

The effect of bottom sediment supplement on heavy metals content in plants (Zea mays and soil

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Baran A.

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Important aspect of bottom sediments is the problem of their management or disposal after their extraction from the bottom of rivers, dam reservoirs, ports, channels or ponds. The research aimed at an assessment of potential environmental management of bottom sediment used as an admixture to light soil basing on its effect on contents of heavy metals in plants and soil. The research was conducted on light soil with granulometric structure of weakly loamy sand. The bottom sediment was added to light soil in the amount of 0 (control 5, 10, 30 i 50%. The test plant was maize (Zea mays, “Bora” c.v. The sediment applied in the presented research revealed high share of silt and clay fractions, alkaline pH and low contents of heavy metals, therefore it may be used as an admixture to the above mentioned soils to improve their productivity. The applied bottom sediment to the soil affected a decreased in Zn, Cd and Pb content in maize in comparison with the treatment without the deposit whereas increased content of Cu, Cr and Ni. No exceeded permissible content of heavy metals concerning plant assessment in view of their forage usability were registered in maize biomass.

[3H]Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol hydrolysis by extracts of Zea mays L. vegetative tissue

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, P. J.; Bandurski, R. S.

1986-01-01

[3H]Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol was hydrolyzed by buffered extracts of acetone powders prepared from 4 day shoots of dark grown Zea mays L. seedlings. The hydrolytic activity was proportional to the amount of extract added and was linear for up to 6 hours at 37 degrees C. Boiled or alcohol denatured extracts were inactive. Analysis of reaction mixtures by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that not all isomers of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol were hydrolyzed at the same rate. Buffered extracts of acetone powders were prepared from coleoptiles and mesocotyls. The rates of hydrolysis observed with coleoptile extracts were greater than those observed with mesocotyl extracts. Active extracts also catalyzed the hydrolysis of esterase substrates such as alpha-naphthyl acetate and the methyl esters of indoleacetic acid and naphthyleneacetic acid. Attempts to purify the indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol hydrolyzing activity by chromatographic procedures resulted in only slight purification with large losses of activity. Chromatography over hydroxylapatite allowed separation of two enzymically active fractions, one of which catalyzed the hydrolysis of both indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol and esterase substrates. With the other enzymic hydrolysis of esterase substrates was readily demonstrated, but no hydrolysis of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol was ever detected.

[3H]Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol hydrolysis by extracts of Zea mays L. vegetative tissue

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hall, P.J.; Bandurski, R.S.

1986-01-01

[ 3 H]Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol was hydrolyzed by buffered extracts of acetone powders prepared from 4 day shoots of dark grown Zea mays L. seedlings. The hydrolytic activity was proportional to the amount of extract added and was linear for up to 6 hours at 37 0 C. Boiled or alcohol denatured extracts were inactive. Analysis of reaction mixtures by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that not all isomers of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol were hydrolyzed at the same rate. Buffered extracts of acetone powders were prepared from coleoptiles and mesocotyls. The rates of hydrolysis observed with coleoptile extracts were greater than those observed with mesocotyl extracts. Active extracts also catalyzed the hydrolysis of esterase substrates such as α-naphthyl acetate and the methyl esters of indoleacetic acid and naphthyleneacetic acid. Attempts to purify the indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol hydrolyzing activity by chromatographic procedures resulted in only slight purification with large losses of activity. Chromatography over hydroxylapatite allowed separation of two enzymically active fractions, one of which catalyzed the hydrolysis of both indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol and esterase substrates. With the other fraction enzymic hydrolysis of esterase substrates was readily demonstrated, but no hydrolysis of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol was ever detected

Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in pollen of Zea mays L. grown under enhanced UV-B radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, A.; Almeida, J.M.; Santos, I.; Salema, R.

1998-01-01

The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on the development of the male gametophyte was studied in Zea mays L. cv. LG12 grown in a growth chamber under PAR light supplemented with UV-B radiation and compared with a second set of plants grown under PAR light. Pollen samples collected from both groups of plants were cultured on germination medium and it was found that UV-B had no effect on pollen germination. Total pollen protein content was not affected but UV-B absorbing pigments increased. Some ultrastructural alterations were observed in pollen and pollen tubes, in particular large amounts of electron dense deposits were seen throughout the cytoplasm and in association with the pollen wall. In mature spikes of UV-B treated plants, anthers retained numerous pollen grains in their loculi while anthers of control plants were almost empty. UV-B treatment delayed flowering by 2±3 d. These results show that UV-B treatment of maize plants interferes with flowering, pollen ultrastructure and anther maturation even though pollen germination is unaffected. The significant increase of UV-B absorbing pigments in pollen grains could represent a defence mechanism that enables plants to complete their reproductive cycle. (author)

Influence of microgravity on root-cap regeneration and the structure of columella cells in Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; McClelen, C. E.; Fondren, W. M.; Wang, C. L.

1987-01-01

We launched imbibed seeds and seedlings of Zea mays into outer space aboard the space shuttle Columbia to determine the influence of microgravity on 1) root-cap regeneration, and 2) the distribution of amyloplasts and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the putative statocytes (i.e., columella cells) of roots. Decapped roots grown on Earth completely regenerated their caps within 4.8 days after decapping, while those grown in microgravity did not regenerate caps. In Earth-grown seedlings, the ER was localized primarily along the periphery of columella cells, and amyloplasts sedimented in response to gravity to the lower sides of the cells. Seeds germinated on Earth and subsequently launched into outer space had a distribution of ER in columella cells similar to that of Earth-grown controls, but amyloplasts were distributed throughout the cells. Seeds germinated in outer space were characterized by the presence of spherical and ellipsoidal masses of ER and randomly distributed amyloplasts in their columella cells. These results indicate that 1) gravity is necessary for regeneration of the root cap, 2) columella cells can maintain their characteristic distribution of ER in microgravity only if they are exposed previously to gravity, and 3) gravity is necessary to distribute the ER in columella cells of this cultivar of Z. mays.

The effect and fate of water-soluble carbon nanodots in maize (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jing; Dou, Runzhi; Yang, Zhongzhou; Wang, Xiaoping; Mao, Chuanbin; Gao, Xiang; Wang, Li

2016-08-01

In this study, the toxicity of water-soluble carbon nanodots (C-dots) to maize (Zea mays L.) and their uptake and transport in plants were investigated. After exposed in sand matrix amended with 0-2000 mg/L C-dots for 4 weeks, we found that the phytotoxicity of C-dots was concentration-dependent. C-dots at 250 and 500 mg/L showed no toxicity to maize. However, 1000 and 2000 mg/L C-dots significantly reduced the fresh weight of root by 57% and 68%, and decreased the shoot fresh weight by 38% and 72%, respectively. Moreover, in maize roots, the exposure of C-dots at 2000 mg/L significantly increased the H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation (6.5 and 1.65 times higher, respectively), as well as, the antioxidant enzymes activities, up to 2, 1.5, 1.9 and 1.9 times higher for catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, respectively. On the other hand, C-dots were observed in detached root-cap cells, cortex and vascular bundle of roots and mesophyll cells of leaves through fluorescence microscopy analysis, suggesting that C-dots were absorbed and translocated systemically in maize. Remarkably, a certain amount of C-dots were excreted out from leaf blade. To our knowledge, this is the first study combined phenotypic observation with physiologic responses and bioaccumulation and translocation analysis of C-dots to investigate their effect and fate in maize.

Radiation induced F1 sterility in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie): Potential for area-wide control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carpenter, J.E.

1993-01-01

The potential of using F 1 sterility as a management strategy for the corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), has been revealed through laboratory and field investigations. A 100 Gy dose of radiation induced deleterious effects in CEWs' which were inherited through several generations. Irradiated, laboratory reared CEWs were competitive with non-irradiated, laboratory reared CEWs in attracting and securing mates under field conditions. Females that mated to non-irradiated males and males irradiated with 100 Gy had the same mating propensity and the same intermating interval. Although there was a difference in mortality between larvae from irradiated and non-irradiated parents when reared in the laboratory, this mortality differential was reduced when larvae were reared under natural conditions in the field. Other studies revealed that there was no interaction between inherited sterility and diapause in CEWs when depth of pupation, initiation and termination of diapause, egg hatch, fecundity or survival were investigated. A pilot test that investigated the efficacy of using inherited sterility for suppressing seasonal population increases of CEWs was conducted from 1988 to 1990. Results of the pilot test revealed that irradiated (100 Gy) males released in mountain valleys were competitive with wild males in infusing their genes into the wild population. Analysis of seasonal population curves of wild CEW males calculated from mark-recapture data suggested that seasonal increases in wild CEW males were delayed or reduced in valleys where irradiated males were released. (author). 19 refs, 3 figs

Directly dated starch residues document early formative maize (Zea mays L.) in tropical Ecuador.

Science.gov (United States)

Zarrillo, Sonia; Pearsall, Deborah M; Raymond, J Scott; Tisdale, Mary Ann; Quon, Dugane J

2008-04-01

The study of maize (Zea mays L.) domestication has advanced from questions of its origins to the study-and debate-of its dietary role and the timing of its dispersal from Mexico. Because the investigation of maize's spread is hampered by poor preservation of macrobotanical remains in the Neotropics, research has focused on microbotanical remains whose contexts are often dated by association, leading some to question the dates assigned. Furthermore, some scholars have argued that maize was not introduced to southwestern Ecuador until approximately 4150-3850 calendar years before the present (cal B.P.), that it was used first and foremost as a fermented beverage in ceremonial contexts, and that it was not important in everyday subsistence, challenging previous studies based on maize starch and phytoliths. To further investigate these questions, we analyzed every-day cooking vessels, food-processing implements, and sediments for starch and phytoliths from an archaeological site in southwestern Ecuador constituting a small Early Formative village. Employing a new technique to recover starch granules from charred cooking-pot residues we show that maize was present, cultivated, and consumed here in domestic contexts by at least 5300-4950 cal B.P. Directly dating the residues by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon measurement, our results represent the earliest direct dates for maize in Early Formative Ecuadorian sites and provide further support that, once domesticated approximately 9000 calendar years ago, maize spread rapidly from southwestern Mexico to northwestern South America.

Causalidade entre as principais bolsas de valores do mundo

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Hiron Pereira Farias

2010-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os mercados dos países emergentes que fazem parte do Bric, com exceção da Índia, buscando mostrar como os mercados do Brasil, da Rússia e China se comportam entre si e em relação ao mercado dos Estados Unidos. Analisou-se também como alguns países desenvolvidos do grupo G8, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Japão, se comportam. Em cada análise, ajustou-se um modelo VAR e buscou-se verificar o grau de dependência dentro e entre cada grupo, utilizando teste de causalidade de Granger, critérios de seleção de modelos, função resposta a impulso e decomposição da variância do erro de previsão. Nas análises realizadas, os mercados brasileiro e americano mostraram forte influência sobre os demais mercados, e, na análise entre os grupos, consideraram-se o mercado dos Estados Unidos do grupo ERJ e todos os mercados emergentes do grupo BRC. O mercado americano mostrou forte influência sobre os outros mercados.

Use of Maize (Zea mays L.) for phytomanagement of Cd-contaminated soils: a critical review.

Science.gov (United States)

Rizwan, Muhammad; Ali, Shafaqat; Qayyum, Muhammad Farooq; Ok, Yong Sik; Zia-Ur-Rehman, Muhammad; Abbas, Zaheer; Hannan, Fakhir

2017-04-01

Maize (Zea mays L.) has been widely adopted for phytomanagement of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils due to its high biomass production and Cd accumulation capacity. This paper reviewed the toxic effects of Cd and its management by maize plants. Maize could tolerate a certain level of Cd in soil while higher Cd stress can decrease seed germination, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and growth/yields. Toxicity response of maize to Cd varies with cultivar/varieties, growth medium and stress duration/extent. Exogenous application of organic and inorganic amendments has been used for enhancing Cd tolerance of maize. The selection of Cd-tolerant maize cultivar, crop rotation, soil type, and exogenous application of microbes is a representative agronomic practice to enhance Cd tolerance in maize. Proper selection of cultivar and agronomic practices combined with amendments might be successful for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils with maize. However, there might be the risk of food chain contamination by maize grains obtained from the Cd-contaminated soils. Thus, maize cultivation could be an option for the management of low- and medium-grade Cd-contaminated soils if grain yield is required. On the other hand, maize can be grown on Cd-polluted soils only if biomass is required for energy production purposes. Long-term field trials are required, including risks and benefit analysis for various management strategies aiming Cd phytomanagement with maize.

Transport and metabolism of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-galactoside in seedlings of Zea mays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Komoszynski, M.; Bandurski, R.S.

1986-01-01

Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol galactoside labeled with 3 H in the indole and 14 C in the galactose moieties was applied to kernels of 5 day old germinating seedlings of Zea mays. Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol galactoside was not transported into either the shoot or root tissue as the intact molecule but was instead hydrolyzed to yield [ 3 H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol and [ 3 H]indole-3-acetic acid which were then transported to the shoot with little radioactivity going to the root. With certain assumptions concerning the equilibration of applied [ 3 H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-[U- 14 C]galactose with the endogenous pool, it may be concluded that indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol galactoside in the endosperm supplies about 2 picomoles per plant per hour of indole-3-acetic acid to the shoot and thus is comparable to indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol as a source of indoleacetic acid for the shoot. Quantitative estimates of the amount of galactose in the kernels suggest that [ 3 H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-[ 14 C] galactose is hydrolyzed after the compound leaves the endosperm but before it reaches the shoot. In addition, [ 3 H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-[ 14 C]galactose supplies appreciable amounts of 14 C to the shoot and both 14 C and 3 H to an uncharacterized insoluble fraction of the endosperm

Factores de riesgo que condicionan la conducta machista entre adolescentes.

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Alonso, Isabel

2016-01-01

Este trabajo sobre los factores de riesgo que condicionan la violencia machista entre adolescentes, recoge las principales argumentaciones que explican el origen de la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres y de cómo la diferencia biológica ha incidido en la división del trabajo según el sexo y en las funciones y roles que debe desempeñar cada uno. A continuación señala los principales factores de riesgo que condicionan la violencia machista en las primeras relaciones am...

La aplicación de abono organo-mineral: una alternativa para la producción de maíz (Zea mays L., en suelos pardos con carbonatos.

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Ignacio Corrales Garriga

2013-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Durante tres años se condujo un experimento en áreas del Instituto de Investigaciones de Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT de Camagüey, empleando diferentes abonos organo-mineral, con el objetivo de conocer su influencia en el rendimiento del maíz (Zea maiz, L, sobre un suelo Pardo Sialítico Mullido Carbonatado de pH ligeramente ácido, bajo contenido de P2O5 y medio de K2O y materia orgánica. Para las mezclas organo-mineral se emplearon como abonos orgánicos el estiércol vacuno y la cachaza y como fertilizantes minerales, el superfosfato triple y el cloruro de potasio. El organo-mineral se aplicó en el momento de la siembra a una dosis de 745 kg ha1 de acuerdo a cada tratamiento, los que fueron replicados 4 veces en un diseño de bloques al azar. Se midió el rendimiento y sus componentes y se tomaron muestras de suelo para conocer la variación de sus propiedades. Los datos fueron evaluados por un análisis de varianza de clasificación doble y se aplicó la prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan para un nivel de significación del 5 %. Los resultados muestran que el empleo de los abonos organo-minerales favorece el rendimiento, reducen los fertilizantes químicos a emplear y mejoran las propiedades del suelo. ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PRODUCTION OF CORN (Zea mays L., IN SIALYTIC BROWN CARBONATED SOIL. ABSTRACT. For three years, an experiment was conducted in areas of the Research Institute (INIVIT Camaguey , using different organo- mineral fertilizers , in order to study its influence on the performance of maize ( Zea mays , L on a Fluffy Sialytic Brown Carbonated soil slightly acidic pH , low P2O5 and K2O and medium organic matter. For organo- mineral mixtures were used as organic fertilizers and cow manure and cachaza and mineral fertilizer, triple superphosphate and potassium chloride. The organo- mineral was applied at the time of planting at a dose of 745 kg ha1 according to each treatment, which

Entre monos y centauros

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Serge Gruzinski

2005-02-01

Full Text Available    ¿Qué relación puede existir entre Ovidio, Tiziano y unos tlacuilo indios de la sierra otomí ? ¿Qué tienen en comun  el pintor mas famoso del siglo XVI , el veneciano Tiziano (+ 1576,  un poeta latino del primer siglo despues de Cristo, Publio Ovidio Nasón (-43/17 ,  y unos artistas indígenas anónimos del pueblo otomi de Ixmiquilpan?   Aunque la reunión de estos tres nombres parezca extraña y sorprendente, los hilos que los unen no son nada anecdóticos.  Permiten entender mejor la manera...

Relación entre la lateralidad y los aprendizajes escolares

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M.ª Carmen Mayolas Pi

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Muchos son los autores que relacionan los problemas de aprendizaje de un niño con su lateralidad, achacando a la lateralidad contrariada, cruzada o no definida los problemas en la adquisición, entre otras, de habilidades lecto-escritoras. En el presente trabajo hemos pasado un test de lateralidad a 170 niños de entre 6 y 7 años (primero y segundo de primaria con pruebas de miembro superior, miembro inferior y ojo, así como de discriminación de derecha-izquierda y de orientación espacial. A su vez, los profesores tutores han valorado varios ítems del aprendizaje escolar de los niños, con cuestiones sobre su comprensión lectora, su razonamiento matemático y su atención en clase, entre otras. Según nuestros resultados, los niños con lateralidad homogénea diestra son los que obtienen mejores valoraciones en todos los ítems de aprendizaje con respecto a los homogéneos zurdos, los cruzados y los no confirmados, siendo los pocos casos que tenemos de homogéneos zurdos (un 3% de la muestra los que tienen peores valoraciones. Además, los niños que discriminan entre derecha e izquierda también tienen mejor sus aprendizajes con respecto a los que no lo hacen, así como los que se orientan bien en el espacio con respecto a los que se orientan mal.

Interações medicamentosas potenciais entre medicamentos psicotrópicos dispensados

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Eloise Balen

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a frequência e caracterizar as interações medicamentosas potenciais entre fármacos psicotrópicos sujeitos a controle especial pela portaria 344/98 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa, os quais foram prescritos e dispensados em uma farmácia pública do Município de Cascavel, Paraná. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com desenho seccional foi realizado em uma Farmácia Pública Municipal. A amostra foi composta por prescrições de medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial, dispensados entre primeiro de julho a 31 de agosto de 2010. As prescrições retidas na farmácia foram analisadas retrospectivamente e as informações, coletadas. As interações medicamentosas potenciais foram identificadas em 824 prescrições. Resultados As prescrições eram na maioria para pacientes do sexo feminino e com idade entre 19 e 59 anos. Em relação à especialidade do prescritor, 30,6% foram prescritas por psiquiatra. Em 77,9% das prescrições identificou-se pelo menos uma interação medicamentosa potencial. Foram descritas 54 diferentes interações medicamentosas potenciais, sendo 34 graves e 20 moderadas. Encontrou-se uma correlação linear entre medicamentos prescritos e interações medicamentosas potenciais (p valor < 0,001. Conclusão O presente estudo identificou uma alta frequência de interações medicamentosas potenciais envolvendo fármacos de controle especial e uma associação positiva entre o número de fármacos prescritos com a maior frequência dessas interações.

Sinergias entre Luxemburgo, ACNUR y Skype

OpenAIRE

Bertout, Antoine; Bourcy, Marc de; Faisal, Mohammad

2011-01-01

Una reciente asociación estratégica entre ACNUR, el Gobierno de Luxemburgo y el proveedor de software para comunicaciones Skype permite al personal de ACNUR en zonas de condiciones de vida difíciles mantenerse en contacto con sus familiares y amigos. Los socios evalúan de qué forma podría adaptarse la tecnología para otras organizaciones humanitarias.

Optimasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica L. untuk Memacu Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt

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Mayta Novaliza Isda

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Struts a type of corn of high economic value, not only used for consumption also used to make syrup. Imperata is one of the weeds that interfere with crop cultivation, but efforts continue to be made use of weeds as an addition to soil organic matter. The study was conducted to determine the concentration of the extract Imperata (Imperata cylindrica L. appropriate in the sweet corn growth and determine the concentration of extract proper Imperata in the growth and production. The research method is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The results showed that treatment of Imperata extracts with varying concentrations significantly influenced the growth of plant height and leaf number. But not significantly to the growth of the leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of rows per cob, number of seeds per row and plant dry weight. At a concentration of 200 g / 250 ml was able to reduce the vegetative and generative growth of sweet corn.

Utilization of soil and fertilizer zinc by maize (Zea mays) and moong (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) from some Indian soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iyengar, B.R.V.; Deb, D.L.

1977-01-01

Utilization of soil and fertilizer zinc by maize (Zea mays) and moong (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) was studied under greenhouse conditions in ten soils belonging to three important soil groups of India viz. alluvial, red and laterite using two levels of labelled zinc sulphate. The efficiency of utilization of fertilizer zinc was found to be higher at 10 ppm level of application in both the crops as compared with 20 ppm level of applied zinc. The total utilization of fertilizer zinc by both the crops in different soils ranged from 0.47 to 1.34 percent and 0.41 to 0.95 percent at 10 and 20 ppm level of applied zinc, respectively. Application of fertilizer zinc resulted in a decrease in the uptake of soil zinc. The utilization of fertilizer zinc was found to be negatively correlated with soil pH but the interaction of different soil characters seemed to have determined the efficiency of fertilizer use by both the crops. The efficiency of fertilizer zinc utilization was found to be low in moong as compared with maize. (author)

Continuidade entre estética e investigação na teoria da arte deweyana: a educação entre arte e ciência, valor e método, ou entre o ideal e o real

OpenAIRE

Ana Daniele de Godoy Dorsa

2013-01-01

A presente pesquisa, de natureza teórico-filosófica, argumenta descritivamente a teoria estética do filósofo americano John Dewey, em função do seu chamado \\"princípio de continuidade\\", próprio do sistema filosófico deweyano como um todo. Nessa empreitada, privilegiou-se o recorte da continuidade entre o estético e o científico, ou entre valor e investigação enquanto característica essencial de tal teoria estética. Na observação dos pressupostos filosóficos gerais do filósofo, verificou-se q...

Las relaciones entre España y Japón

OpenAIRE

Jensana, Amadeo

2013-01-01

Si bien España y Japón son dos países separados por más de 10.000 kilómetros existe una importante afinidad cultural entre ambos pueblos. Los japoneses admiran muchas de las manifestaciones culturales españolas, entre las que destacan la arquitectura (especialmente el Modernismo catalán), el flamenco, la gastronomía o el deporte (hay numerosos seguidores de la Liga Profesional de Fútbol). Por su parte, los españoles son plenamente conscientes del nivel tecnológico de las grandes corporacio...

ESCREVER ENTRE AS LÍNGUAS: TRADUÇÃO E GÊNERO EM NANCY HUSTON

OpenAIRE

WILHELM, Jane Elisabeth; COSTA, Pâmela Berton; DEÂNGELI, Maria Angélica

2017-01-01

O entre duas línguas da auto-tradução em Nancy Huston subverte as relações hierárquicas entre o original e a tradução, ou a oposição entre língua materna e língua estrangeira, e nos convida assim a nos interrogarmos sobre nossas práticas e representações de escrita e de tradução. Buscamos compreender em que medida a escrita entre o francês e o inglês de Nancy Huston questiona não somente as categorias tradicionais de tradução, mas também o gênero como construção social. A história da tradução...

Optical Reflectance and Fluorescence for Detecting Nitrogen Needs in Zea mays L.

Science.gov (United States)

McMurtrey, J. E.; Middleton, E. M.; Corp. L. A.; Campbell, P. K. Entcheva; Butcher, L. M.; Daughtry, C. S. T.

2003-01-01

Nitrogen (N) status in field grown corn (Zea mays L.) was assessed using spectral techniques. Passive reflectance remote sensing and, both passive and active fluorescence sensing methods were investigated. Reflectance and fluorescence methods are reported to detect changes in the primary plant pigments (chlorophylls a and b; carotenoids) in higher plant species. As a general rule, foliar chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) usually exist in approx.3:l ratio. In plants under stress, Chl b content is affected before Chl a reductions occur. For reflectance, a version of the chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (CARI) method was tested with narrow bands from the Airborne Imaging Spectroradiometer for Applications (ASIA). CARI minimizes the effects of soil background on the signal from green canopies. A modified CARI (MCARI) was used to track total Chl a levels in the red dip of the spectrum from the corn canopy. A second MCARI was used to track the auxiliary plant pigments (Chl b and the carotenoids) in the yellow/orange/red edge part of the reflectance spectrum. The difference between these two MCARI indices detected variations in N levels across the field plot canopies using ASIA data. At the leaf level, ratios of fluorescence emissions in the blue, green, red and far-red wavelengths sensed responses that were associated with the plant pigments, and were indicative of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. N stressed corn stands could be distinguish from those with optimally applied N with fluorescence emission spectra obtained from individual corn leaves. Both reflectance and fluorescence methods are sensitive in detecting corn N needs and may be especially powerful in monitoring crop conditions if both types of information can be combined.

Entre-sons, entre-mundos, entre-idades: ações dialógicas, cultura adolescente e educação musical

OpenAIRE

Vertamatti, Leila Rosa Gonçalves [UNESP

2012-01-01

O presente trabalho tem como ponto central a reflexão a respeito da prática da Educação Musical de jovens entre 11 e 14 anos, do Colégio São José de São Bernardo do Campo, a partir de uma proposta que dialogue com o universo do adolescente, a invenção, a percepção do ambiente acústico, visual, social e cultural e o contexto escolar. A principal questão da investigação é a discussão de processos de elaboração de ações musicais com base em um conceito de prática que leve em conta a distância ex...

Ultrastructure and histology of organogenesis induced from shoot tips of maize (Zea mays, Poaceae

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Walter Marín-Méndez

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Shoot tips of maize (Zea mays L. were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA +1 mg/l 2,4-D +40 mg/l, to investigate phases of ontogenetic development. The study used light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electronic microscopy techniques. Shoot tips of maize are composed of small cells with a dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus. The process of organogenesis began with swelling of the shoot tip, as the first evidence of organogenic calli formation observed three weeks after culture get started. There were two morphologically different types of cells within the organogenic calli. The layer consisted of large cells with small nucleus, free-organelle cytosol, irregular plasmatic membrane, trichome-like structures, and thick cell walls. In the inner cell layer, small and isodiametric cells with a prominent nucleus, small vacuoles, endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondrias and chloroplasts were observed. The presence of trichomes in the more active morphogenic zones could indicate an organogenic potential. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (Suppl. 1: 129-139. Epub 2009 November 30.Los ápices de vástagos de maíz (Zea mays L. fueron cultivados con el medio Murashige y Skoog, utilizando como suplemento 2 mg/l BA +1 mg/l 2,4-D +40 mg/l, con el fin de investigar el proceso organogénico durante las diferentes fases del desarrollo ontogenético. El estudio utilizó tanto microscopía de luz, como técnicas de microscopía electrónica. Los análisis histológicos revelaron que los vástagos de maíz están compuestos de pequeñas células con citoplasma denso y núcleo prominente. El proceso de organogénesis inicia con el engrosamiento del ápice del vástago, como primera evidencia de la formación organogénica del calli observada tres semanas después del inicio del cultivo. El estudio ultraestructural muestra dos tipos de células morfológicamente diferentes en el calli organogénico. La capa externa consiste de

Responsabilidad extracontractual y contractual: barrera entre ambas

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González Hernández, Rut

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La finalidad que persigue el sistema de responsabilidad civiles el resarcimiento del daño causado con independencia de que proceda la responsabilidad contractual o la extracontractual, coexistiendo ambas en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y resultando en ocasiones complicado discernir la frontera entre una y otra.

Fine mapping of a quantitative resistance gene for gray leaf spot of maize (Zea mays L.) derived from teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis).

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xinye; Yang, Qin; Rucker, Elizabeth; Thomason, Wade; Balint-Kurti, Peter

2017-06-01

In this study we mapped the QTL Qgls8 for gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance in maize to a ~130 kb region on chromosome 8 including five predicted genes. In previous work, using near isogenic line (NIL) populations in which segments of the teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) genome had been introgressed into the background of the maize line B73, we had identified a QTL on chromosome 8, here called Qgls8, for gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance. We identified alternate teosinte alleles at this QTL, one conferring increased GLS resistance and one increased susceptibility relative to the B73 allele. Using segregating populations derived from NIL parents carrying these contrasting alleles, we were able to delimit the QTL region to a ~130 kb (based on the B73 genome) which encompassed five predicted genes.

Characterizing pathways by which gravitropic effectors could move from the root cap to the root of primary roots of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; McClelen, C. E.

1989-01-01

Plasmodesmata linking the root cap and root in primary roots Zea mays are restricted to approx. 400 protodermal cells bordering approx. 110000 microns2 of the calyptrogen of the root cap. This area is less than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the root-tip at the cap junction. Therefore, gravitropic effectors moving from the root cap to the root can move symplastically only through a relatively small area in the centre of the root. Decapped roots are non-responsive to gravity. However, decapped roots whose caps are replaced immediately after decapping are strongly graviresponsive. Thus, gravicurvature occurs only when the root cap contacts the root, and symplastic continuity between the cap and root is not required for gravicurvature. Completely removing mucilage from the root tip renders the root non-responsive to gravity. Taken together, these data suggest that gravitropic effectors move apoplastically through mucilage from the cap to the root.

Enzymic synthesis of indole-3-acetyl-1-O-beta-d-glucose. I. Partial purification and characterization of the enzyme from Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Leznicki, A. J.; Bandurski, R. S.

1988-01-01

The first enzyme-catalyzed reaction leading from indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the myo-inositol esters of IAA is the synthesis of indole-3-acetyl-1-O-beta-D-glucose from uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) and IAA. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme, UDPG-indol-3-ylacetyl glucosyl transferase (IAA-glucose-synthase). This work reports methods for the assay of the enzyme and for the extraction and partial purification of the enzyme from kernels of Zea mays sweet corn. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 46,500 an isoelectric point of 5.5, and its pH optimum lies between 7.3 and 7.6. The enzyme is stable to storage at zero degrees but loses activity during column chromatographic procedures which can be restored only fractionally by addition of column eluates. The data suggest either multiple unknown cofactors or conformational changes leading to activity loss.

Evaluating Corn (Zea Mays L.) N Variability Via Remote Sensed Data

Science.gov (United States)

Sullivan, D. G.; Shaw, J. N.; Mask, P. L.; Rickman, D.; Luvall, J.; Wersinger, J. M.

2003-01-01

Transformations and losses of nitrogen (N) throughout the growing season can be costly. Methods in place to improve N management and facilitate split N applications during the growing season can be time consuming and logistically difficult. Remote sensing (RS) may be a method to rapidly assess temporal changes in crop N status and promote more efficient N management. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of three different RS platforms to predict N variability in corn (Zea mays L.) leaves during vegetative and early reproductive growth stages. Plots (15 x 15m) were established in the Coastal Plain (CP) and Appalachian Plateau (AP) physiographic regions each spring from 2000 to 2002 in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N/ha) applied as ammonium nitrate (NH4N03) replicated four time. Spectral measurements were acquired via spectroradiometer (lambda = 350 - 1050 nm), Airborne Terrestrial Applications Sensor (ATLAS) (lambda = 400 - 12,500 nm), and the IKONOS satellite (lambda = 450 - 900 nm). Spectroradiometer data were collected on a biweekly basis from V4 through R1. Due to the nature of - satellite and aircraft acquisitions, these data were acquired per availability. Chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and tissue N were collected as ancillary data along with each RS acquisition. Results showed vegetation indices derived from hand-held spectroradiometer measurements as early as V6-V8 were linearly related to yield and tissue N content. ATLAS data was correlated with tissue N at the AP site during the V6 stage (r2 = 0.66), but no significant relationships were observed at the CP site. No significant relationships were observed between plant N and IKONOS imagery. Using a combination of the greenness vegetation index (GNDVI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), RS data acquired via ATLAS and the spectroradiometer could be used to evaluate tissue N variability and estimate corn yield variability

La Vocación entre los Aspirantes a Maestro

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Encarnación Sánchez Lissen

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El contenido que ofrecemos en este artículo hace referencia a la dimensión vocacional de los aspirantes a maestro. Tradicionalmente, la enseñanza se ha considerado como una profesión genuinamente vocacional; una circunstancia que, sin embargo, no siempre le ha favorecido. En estos momentos, a pesar de las dificultades que rodean la tarea docente, existe un alto número de estudian-tes que optan por la enseñanza y acceden a las Escuelas de Magisterio. Real-mente, nos podríamos preguntar si el docente -nace o se hace- vocacional hacia esta actividad profesional. Aportamos para ello, los datos de una investigación realizada entre estu-diantes de la Universidad de Sevilla, donde se viene a demostrar por un lado que, muchos eligieron la carrera sin tener un verdadero interés por ella; y por otro, que las Escuelas de Magisterio son en muchos casos, un motor esencial para llegar a despertar o, a descubrir entre los estudiantes, su verdadero interés e inclinación por la enseñanza. Posiblemente, desarrollar actitudes vocaciona-les entre tos aspirantes a maestro es, también, una labor implícita de la Forma-ción Inicial de Maestros

Changes in the distribution of plastids and endoplasmic reticulum during cellular differentiation in root caps of Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; McClelen, C. E.

1985-01-01

In calyptrogen cells of Zea mays, proplastids are distributed randomly throughout the cell, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is distributed parallel to the cell walls. The differentiation of calyptrogen cells into columella statocytes is characterized by the following sequential events: (1) formation of ER complexes at the distal and proximal ends of the cell, (2) differentiation of proplastids into amyloplasts, (3) sedimentation of amyloplasts onto the distal ER complex, (4) breakdown of the distal ER complex and sedimentation of amyloplasts to the bottom of the cell, and (5) formation of sheets of ER parallel to the longitudinal cell walls. Columella statocytes located in the centre of the cap each possess 4530 +/- 780 micrometers2 of ER surface area, an increase of 670 per cent over that of calyptrogen cells. The differentiation of peripheral cells correlates positively with (1) the ER becoming arranged in concentric sheets, (2) amyloplasts and ER becoming randomly distributed, and (3) a 280 per cent increase in ER surface area over that of columella statocytes. These results are discussed relative to graviperception and mucilage secretion, which are functions of columella and peripheral cells, respectively.

Comparative impact of genetically modified and non modified maize (Zea mays L.) on succeeding crop and associated weed.

Science.gov (United States)

Ibrahim, Muhammad; Ahmed, Naseer; Ullah, Faizan; Shinwari, Zabta Khan; Bano, Asghari

2016-04-01

This research work documents the comparative impact of genetically modified (GM) (insect resistance) and non modified maize (Zea mays L.) on growth and germination of succeeding crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and associated weed (Avena fatua L.). The aqueous extracts of both the GM and non-GM maize exhibited higher phenolic content than that of methanolic extracts. Germination percentage and germination index of wheat was significantly decreased by GM methanolic extract (10%) as well as that of non-GM maize at 3% aqueous extract. Similarly germination percentage of weed (Avena fatua L.) was significantly reduced by application of 3% and 5% methanolic GM extracts. All extracts of GM maize showed non-significant effect on the number of roots, root length and shoot length per plant but 5% and 10% methanolic extracts of non-GM maize significantly increased the number of roots per plant of wheat seedling. Similarly, 10% methanolic extract of GM maize significantly increased the number of roots per plant of weed seedling. Methanolic extracts of GM and non-GM maize (3% and 5%) significantly decreased the protease activity in wheat as compared to untreated control. © The Author(s) 2013.

Responses of seed germination, seedling growth, and seed yield traits to seed pretreatment in maize (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Tian, Yu; Guan, Bo; Zhou, Daowei; Yu, Junbao; Li, Guangdi; Lou, Yujie

2014-01-01

A series of seed priming experiments were conducted to test the effects of different pretreatment methods to seed germination, seedling growth, and seed yield traits in maize (Zea mays L.). Results indicated that the seeds primed by gibberellins (GA), NaCl, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) reagents showed a higher imbibitions rate compared to those primed with water. The final germination percentage and germination rate varied with different reagents significantly (P germination experiment. 15% PEG priming reagent increased shoot and root biomass of maize seedling. The shoot biomass of seedlings after presoaking the seeds with NaCl reagent was significantly higher than the seedlings without priming treatment. No significant differences of plant height, leaf number, and hundred-grain weight were observed between control group and priming treatments. Presoaking with water, NaCl (50 mM), or PEG (15%) significantly increased the hundred-grain weight of maize. Therefore, seed pretreatment is proved to be an effective technique to improve the germination performance, seedling growth, and seed yield of maize. However, when compared with the two methods, if immediate sowing is possible, presoaking is recommended to harvest better benefits compared to priming method.

Nonomuraea zeae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Yue; Jia, Feiyu; Liu, Chongxi; Li, Jiansong; Guo, Siyu; Zhou, Shuyu; Wang, Xiangjing; Xiang, Wensheng

2016-06-01

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-ND5T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of corn (Zea mays L.) collected in Heilongjiang Province, north-east China, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-ND5T was a member of the genus Nonomuraea, with highest sequence similarities to Nonomuraea jabiensis A4036T (98.29 %), Nonomuraea rosea GW12687T (98.25 %), Nonomuraea candida HMC10T (98.22 %), Nonomuraea rhizophila YIM 67092T (98.04 %) and Nonomuraea kuesteri NRRL B-24325T (98.04 %). Similarities to other type strains of the genus Nonomuraea were lower than 98 %. Morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-ND5T were also consistent with the description of the genus Nonomuraea. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were glucose, ribose and madurose. The phospholipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H0). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and 10-methyl C17:0. A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain NEAU-ND5T was clearly distinguished from its closely related Nonomuraea species. Consequently, it is concluded that strain NEAU-ND5T represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea zeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ND5T (=CGMCC 4.7280T=DSM 100528T).

Influence du décalage du semis du niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) par rapport au maïs (Zea mays L.) sur la croissance et le rendement du niébé

OpenAIRE

Osiru, DSO.; Ocaya, CP.; Adipala, E.

2002-01-01

Effect of Time of Planting Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Relative to Maize (Zea mays L.) on Growth and Yield of Cowpea. Field investigations were carried out for three seasons in two locations of Uganda to examine yield benefits when cowpea and maize are planted under intensive farming conditions. Additive mixtures of cowpea were planted into maize thrice at 2 weekly intervals together with sole crops. Time of introducing cowpea into maize significantly affected both the growth and yie...

RELACIÓN ENTRE CONDUCTA PARENTAL Y ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO EN DIABETES INFANTIL.

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Rochy Vargas

2008-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, enmarcado en la psicología de la salud, se pretende identificar la relación que existe entre la conducta parental y la adherencia al tratamiento a partir de un diseño no-experimental de tipo transversal descriptivo correlacional, en una muestra de niños con diabetes tipo I, entre 8 y 11 años de edad, con un tiempo desde el diagnóstico de entre uno y tres años. Los resultados analizados señalan la relación que existe entre los comportamientos que engloba la variable de conducta parental y adherencia al tratamiento, pudiendo incluso diferenciar aquellos comportamientos más representativos para cada categoría; así por ejemplo, se encontró que la comunicaciónafectiva es el comportamiento parental que más está correlacionado con las conductas de adhesión. Con respecto a las conductas de adhesión al tratamiento, la dieta fue la conducta de este tipo que más se correlacionó con comportamientos parentales.

Dos años entre los indios

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Ardila Ardila Olga Felisa

1996-06-01

Full Text Available

La obra constituye la traducción del alemán publicada originalmente en dos volúmenes por E. Wasmuth en Berlín en 1909. En 1967 la Akademische Druck-u Verlagsanstalt en Graz (Austria publicó la segunda edición de la obra original, sobre la cual se trabajó la presente versión en español. La traducción estuvo a cargo de la antropóloga María Mercedes Ortiz. Koch-Grünberg se dedicó al estudio de la filología clásica pero con el tiempo se fue interesando cada vez más por el estudio de los pueblos autóctonos de Suramérica. En 1903 realizó su primera expedición a partir del noroeste brasilero hasta Colombia, en la región comprendida entre el alto río Negro y el Yapurá, área muy poco explorada hasta el momento. La obra Dos años entre los indios resume los resultados básicos de esta expedición. El autor alemán presenta el relato de sus cuatro viajes e ilustra con un mapa la ruta de su expedición a partir del Amazonas. Además del noroeste brasilero, el autor recorre un área importante del territorio colombiano, especialmente la zona del actual departamento del Vaupés. El libro está escrito en forma de un diario de viaje en el que se destacan sus observaciones etnográficas y lingüísticas, especialmente en lo que respecta a la cultura material, el ritual, el arte, las diferentes lenguas nativas habladas en la región y las relaciones de afinidad existentes entre dichas lenguas.

Utilisation des mutations induites pour l'étude de l'embryogenèse chez le haricot Phaseolus vulgaris L. et deux plantes modèles Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh. et Zea mays L.

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Silué, S.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Use of induced mutations in embryogenesis study in bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. and two model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh. and Zea mays L.. Breeding of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., through interspecific hybridizations with the species Phaseolus coccineus L. and Phaseolus polyanthus Greenm. as female parents leads to the abortion of immature embryos. Identification of genes required for embryo development could partly explain the abortion of hybrid embryos; induced mutations could thus be an alternative to identify key genes involved in Phaseolus embryogenesis. This paper is a review which shows a few examples of the use of induced mutations in the identification of essential genes for embryogenesis in two model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heyhn. for dicots and Zea mays L. for monocots. In these two species, embryo development mutants have been isolated using insertional mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS. Arabidopsis embryo mutants are affected in apical-basal axis polarity, radial pattern and in post-embryonic stages. Some Arabidopsis embryo mutants are defected in auxin signalisation. In maize, defective kernel (dek mutants are affected in the embryo and the endosperm, while in embryo specific (emb mutants, only the embryo is affected. In common bean, plants deficient in seed development were isolated using EMS mutagenesis. Embryos inside the seeds fail to growth at different stages of development and show abnormalities mainly in the suspensor and the cotyledons.

Alinhamento estratégico entre empresas fabricantes de equipamentos e alimentos

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Roberto Giro Moori

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar o alinhamento das prioridades competitivas entre empresas compradoras e usuárias de máquinas e equipamentos para a fabricação de produtos alimentícios e seus fornecedores industriais. Está fundamentado em uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva em que se aplicou um questionário estruturado junto a gestores das áreas relacionadas a compras, vendas e produção das empresas. Foram obtidas 77 respostas de gestores de empresas fabricantes de alimentos e 55 de fabricantes de equipamentos. Os dados, submetidos à estatística descritiva e à correlação bivariada não paramétrica, revelaram que: a no âmbito do relacionamento entre compradores e vendedores de máquinas e equipamentos, o fator qualidade foi a prioridade competitiva alinhada entre eles; b no âmbito de empresas usuárias de máquinas e equipamentos, houve evidência de trade-off entre as variáveis reduzir estoques e velocidade de entrega rápida. Essas revelações permitiram concluir que: a a qualidade é um fator de alinhamento externo e interno; b o trade-off é usado como um instrumento para o alinhamento das prioridades competitivas no ambiente interno das empresas compradoras e usuárias de máquinas e equipamentos.

Soutien aux collaborations entre pairs de l'Initiative Think tank et du ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'Initiative Think tank (ITT) et le Think Tank Fund (TTF) s'associent pour soutenir des collaborations entre pairs entre les think tanks établis dans les régions où oeuvrent l'ITT (Afrique, Amérique latine et Asie du Sud) et le TTF (Europe centrale, Europe de l'Est et ancienne Union soviétique). Ce soutien a pour objectif de ...

"Cy Twombly: Intérprete de dos mundos" [Un artista entre Estados Unidos y Europa, entre lo clásico y lo contemporáneo

OpenAIRE

Gras Cruz, Irene

2017-01-01

Esta tesis “Cy Twombly: Intérprete de dos mundos” [Un artista entre Estados Unidos y Europa, entre lo clásico y lo contemporáneo] pretende dar a conocer al artista norteamericano Cy Twombly (1928-2011) en nuestro país y destacar la importancia que tiene dentro del panorama artístico como figura clave en un momento de efervescencia —artística y creativa— americana en el que a diferencia de sus coetáneos prefirió emigrar a Europa, concretamente a Italia. Mientras todos se trasladaban a la nueva...

Growth and graviresponsiveness of primary roots of Zea mays seedlings deficient in abscisic acid and gibberellic acid

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, R.; Dickey, K.

1985-01-01

The objective of this research was to determine if gibberellic acid (GA) and/or abscisic acid (ABA) are necessary for graviresponsiveness by primary roots of Zea mays. To accomplish this objective we measured the growth and graviresponsiveness of primary roots of seedlings in which the synthesis of ABA and GA was inhibited collectively and individually by genetic and chemical means. Roots of seedlings treated with Fluridone (an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) and Ancymidol (an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) were characterized by slower growth rates but not significantly different gravicultures as compared to untreated controls. Gravicurvatures of primary roots of d-5 mutants (having undetectable levels of GA) and vp-9 mutants (having undectable levels of ABA) were not significantly different from those of wild-type seedlings. Roots of seedlings in which the biosynthesis of ABA and GA was collectively inhibited were characterized by gravicurvatures not significantly different for those of controls. These results (1) indicate that drastic reductions in the amount of ABA and GA in Z. mays seedlings do not significantly alter root graviresponsiveness, (2) suggest that neither ABA nor GA is necessary for root gravicurvature, and (3) indicate that root gravicurvature is not necessarily proportional to root elongation.

Effects of gamma-irradiation on elongation and indole-3-acetic acid level of maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momiyama, M.; Koshiba, T.; Furukawa, K.; Kamiya, Y.; Sato, M.

1999-01-01

The effects of gamma-irradiation on elongation and the level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) of maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles were investigated. When 3-day-old seedlings of maize were exposed to gamma-radiation lower than 1 kGy, a temporal retardation of coleoptile elongation was induced. This retardation was at least partly ascribed to a temporal decrease in the amount of free IAA in coleoptile tips on the basis of the following facts: (1) the reactivity to IAA of the elongating coleoptile cells was not altered by irradiation; (2) endogenous IAA level in the tip of irradiated coleoptiles was at first unchanged, but then declined before returning to nearly the same level as that of the non-irradiated control; and (3) the amount of IAA that diffused from coleoptile tip sections showed a similar pattern to that of endogenous IAA. The rate of conversion between free and conjugated IAA was not significantly affected by irradiation. These results suggest that a temporal inhibition of maize coleoptile elongation induced by gamma-irradiation can be ascribed to the reduction of endogenous IAA level in the coleoptile tip, and this may originate from the modulation in the rate of IAA biosynthesis or catabolism. (author)

Leaching variations of heavy metals in chelator-assisted phytoextraction by Zea mays L. exposed to acid rainfall.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Yayin; Luo, Dinggui; Liu, Lirong; Tan, Zicong; Lai, An; Liu, Guowei; Li, Junhui; Long, Jianyou; Huang, Xuexia; Chen, Yongheng

2017-11-01

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction method has been put forward as an effective soil remediation method, whereas the heavy metal leaching could not be ignored. In this study, a cropping-leaching experiment, using soil columns, was applied to study the metal leaching variations during assisted phytoextraction of Cd- and Pb-polluted soils, using seedlings of Zea mays, applying three different chelators (EDTA, EDDS, and rhamnolipid), and artificial rainfall (acid rainfall or normal rainfall). It showed that artificial rainfall, especially artificial acid rain, after chelator application led to the increase of heavy metals in the leaching solution. EDTA increased both Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaching solution, obviously, whereas EDDS and rhamnolipid increased Cd concentration but not Pb. The amount of Cd and Pb decreased as the leaching solution increased, the patterns as well matched LRMs (linear regression models), with R-square (R 2 ) higher than 90 and 82% for Cd and Pb, respectively. The maximum cumulative Cd and Pb in the leaching solutions were 18.44 and 16.68%, respectively, which was amended by EDTA and acid rainwater (pH 4.5), and followed by EDDS (pH 4.5), EDDS (pH 6.5), rhamnolipid (0.5 g kg -1 soil, pH 4.5), and rhamnolipid (pH 6.5).

Value of Neonicotinoid Insecticide Seed Treatments in Mid-South Corn (Zea mays) Production Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

North, J H; Gore, J; Catchot, A L; Stewart, S D; Lorenz, G M; Musser, F R; Cook, D R; Kerns, D L; Leonard, B R; Dodds, D M

2018-02-09

Neonicotinoid seed treatments are one of several effective control options used in corn, Zea mays L., production in the Mid-South for early season insect pests. An analysis was performed on 91 insecticide seed treatment trials from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee to determine the value of neonicotinoids in corn production systems. The analysis compared neonicotinoid insecticide treated seed plus a fungicide to seed only with the same fungicide. When analyzed by state, corn yields were significantly higher when neonicotinoid seed treatments were used compared to fungicide only treated seed in Louisiana and Mississippi. Corn seed treated with neonicotinoid seed treatments yielded 111, 1,093, 416, and 140 kg/ha, higher than fungicide only treatments for Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee, respectively. Across all states, neonicotinoid seed treatments resulted in a 700 kg/ha advantage compared to fungicide only treated corn seed. Net returns for corn treated with neonicotinoid seed treatment were $1,446/ha compared with $1,390/ha for fungicide only treated corn seed across the Mid-South. Economic returns for neonicotinoid seed treated corn were significantly greater than fungicide-only-treated corn seed in 8 out of 14 yr. When analyzed by state, economic returns for neonicotinoid seed treatments were significantly greater than fungicide-only-treated seed in Louisiana. In some areas, dependent on year, neonicotinoid seed treatments provide significant yield and economic benefits in Mid-South corn. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Parallel altitudinal clines reveal trends in adaptive evolution of genome size in Zea mays

Science.gov (United States)

Berg, Jeremy J.; Birchler, James A.; Grote, Mark N.; Lorant, Anne; Quezada, Juvenal

2018-01-01

While the vast majority of genome size variation in plants is due to differences in repetitive sequence, we know little about how selection acts on repeat content in natural populations. Here we investigate parallel changes in intraspecific genome size and repeat content of domesticated maize (Zea mays) landraces and their wild relative teosinte across altitudinal gradients in Mesoamerica and South America. We combine genotyping, low coverage whole-genome sequence data, and flow cytometry to test for evidence of selection on genome size and individual repeat abundance. We find that population structure alone cannot explain the observed variation, implying that clinal patterns of genome size are maintained by natural selection. Our modeling additionally provides evidence of selection on individual heterochromatic knob repeats, likely due to their large individual contribution to genome size. To better understand the phenotypes driving selection on genome size, we conducted a growth chamber experiment using a population of highland teosinte exhibiting extensive variation in genome size. We find weak support for a positive correlation between genome size and cell size, but stronger support for a negative correlation between genome size and the rate of cell production. Reanalyzing published data of cell counts in maize shoot apical meristems, we then identify a negative correlation between cell production rate and flowering time. Together, our data suggest a model in which variation in genome size is driven by natural selection on flowering time across altitudinal clines, connecting intraspecific variation in repetitive sequence to important differences in adaptive phenotypes. PMID:29746459

Acciones y habilidades. Algunas discrepancias entre psicólogos y didactas

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Carlos Ezequiel Pino-Pupo

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Abordó puntos de vista discrepantes entre representantes de algunas escuelas de Psicología y de Didáctica cubanas. Durante varios años de investigación en torno a la problemática de la formación de habilidades, se han encontrado posiciones teóricas, muy variadas y son diversos los criterios acerca de la movilidad entre las acciones y las operaciones y en torno a la automatización de unas u otras. Se analiza la equivalencia entre términos de la Didáctica, la Psicología y la Metodología con una propuesta nueva. La intencionalidad del artículo radica en que a partir de las posiciones teóricas asumidas, puede haber una reconsideración de términos utilizados como son los casos de la acción, la operación, la habilidad y el hábito.

entre la pirámide y el axolotl

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Paula Andrea Marín Colorado

2006-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un acercamiento a la novela Materia dispuesta, del escritor mexicano Juan Villoro. En esta aproximación analítica se pretende dilucidar la conexión entre la obra literaria y el medio en el que se gesta, así como con el momento histórico recreado en la anécdota de la novela (el terremoto ocurrido en Ciudad de México en 1985; lo anterior con el objetivo de establecer la propuesta estética del autor en esta obra y su relación con la visión que construye Materia dispuesta sobre los procesos de Modernidad y Postmodernidad en Latinoamérica. Para tal propósito se recurrirá a las investigaciones literarias y sociológicas de Mijail Bajtín, Zigmunt Bauman, Carlos Monsiváis y Octavio Paz, entre otros.

A two-dimensional microscale model of gas exchange during photosynthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves.

Science.gov (United States)

Retta, Moges; Ho, Quang Tri; Yin, Xinyou; Verboven, Pieter; Berghuijs, Herman N C; Struik, Paul C; Nicolaï, Bart M

2016-05-01

CO2 exchange in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) was examined using a microscale model of combined gas diffusion and C4 photosynthesis kinetics at the leaf tissue level. Based on a generalized scheme of photosynthesis in NADP-malic enzyme type C4 plants, the model accounted for CO2 diffusion in a leaf tissue, CO2 hydration and assimilation in mesophyll cells, CO2 release from decarboxylation of C4 acids, CO2 fixation in bundle sheath cells and CO2 retro-diffusion from bundle sheath cells. The transport equations were solved over a realistic 2-D geometry of the Kranz anatomy obtained from light microscopy images. The predicted responses of photosynthesis rate to changes in ambient CO2 and irradiance compared well with those obtained from gas exchange measurements. A sensitivity analysis showed that the CO2 permeability of the mesophyll-bundle sheath and airspace-mesophyll interfaces strongly affected the rate of photosynthesis and bundle sheath conductance. Carbonic anhydrase influenced the rate of photosynthesis, especially at low intercellular CO2 levels. In addition, the suberin layer at the exposed surface of the bundle sheath cells was found beneficial in reducing the retro-diffusion. The model may serve as a tool to investigate CO2 diffusion further in relation to the Kranz anatomy in C4 plants. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Expression profiling of selected glutathione transferase genes in Zea mays (L.) seedlings infested with cereal aphids.

Science.gov (United States)

Sytykiewicz, Hubert; Chrzanowski, Grzegorz; Czerniewicz, Paweł; Sprawka, Iwona; Łukasik, Iwona; Goławska, Sylwia; Sempruch, Cezary

2014-01-01

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the expression patterns of selected glutathione transferase genes (gst1, gst18, gst23 and gst24) in the tissues of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties (relatively resistant Ambrozja and susceptible Tasty Sweet) that were colonized with oligophagous bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) or monophagous grain aphid (Sitobion avenae L.). Simultaneously, insect-triggered generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2•-) in infested Z. mays plants was monitored. Quantified parameters were measured at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-initial aphid infestation (hpi) in relation to the non-infested control seedlings. Significant increases in gst transcript amounts were recorded in aphid-stressed plants in comparison to the control seedlings. Maximal enhancement in the expression of the gst genes in aphid-attacked maize plants was found at 8 hpi (gst23) or 24 hpi (gst1, gst18 and gst24) compared to the control. Investigated Z. mays cultivars formed excessive superoxide anion radicals in response to insect treatments, and the highest overproduction of O2•- was noted 4 or 8 h after infestation, depending on the aphid treatment and maize genotype. Importantly, the Ambrozja variety could be characterized as having more profound increments in the levels of gst transcript abundance and O2•- generation in comparison with the Tasty Sweet genotype.

Costs of jasmonic acid induced defense in aboveground and belowground parts of corn (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Yuanjiao; Wang, Jianwu; Luo, Shiming; Fan, Huizhi; Jin, Qiong

2012-08-01

Costs of jasmonic acid (JA) induced plant defense have gained increasing attention. In this study, JA was applied continuously to the aboveground (AG) or belowground (BG) parts, or AG plus BG parts of corn (Zea mays L.) to investigate whether JA exposure in one part of the plant would affect defense responses in another part, and whether or not JA induced defense would incur allocation costs. The results indicated that continuous JA application to AG parts systemically affected the quantities of defense chemicals in the roots, and vice versa. Quantities of DIMBOA and total amounts of phenolic compounds in leaves or roots generally increased 2 or 4 wk after the JA treatment to different plant parts. In the first 2 wk after application, the increase of defense chemicals in leaves and roots was accompanied by a significant decrease of root length, root surface area, and root biomass. Four weeks after the JA application, however, no such costs for the increase of defense chemicals in leaves and roots were detected. Instead, shoot biomass and root biomass increased. The results suggest that JA as a defense signal can be transferred from AG parts to BG parts of corn, and vice versa. Costs for induced defense elicited by continuous JA application were found in the early 2 wk, while distinct benefits were observed later, i.e., 4 wk after JA treatment.

Exogenous melatonin improves corn (Zea mays L.) embryo proteome in seeds subjected to chilling stress.

Science.gov (United States)

Kołodziejczyk, Izabela; Dzitko, Katarzyna; Szewczyk, Rafał; Posmyk, Małgorzata M

2016-04-01

Melatonin (MEL; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant stress defense. Various plant species rich in this indoleamine have shown a higher capacity for stress tolerance. Moreover, it has great potential for plant biostimulation, is biodegradable and non-toxic for the environment. All this indicates that our concept of seed enrichment with exogenous MEL is justified. This work concerns the effects of corn (Zea mays L.) seed pre-sowing treatments supplemented with MEL. Non-treated seeds (nt), and those hydroprimed with water (H) or with MEL solutions 50 and 500 μM (HMel50, HMel500) were compared. Positive effects of seed priming are particularly apparent during germination under suboptimal conditions. The impact of MEL applied by priming on seed protein profiles during imbibition/germination at low temperature has not been investigated to date. In order to identify changes in the corn seed proteome after applying hydropriming techniques, purified protein extracts of chilling stressed seed embryos (14 days, 5°C) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Then proteome maps were graphically and statistically compared and selected protein spots were qualitatively analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques and identified. This study aimed to analyze the priming-induced changes in maize embryo proteome and at identifying priming-associated and MEL-associated proteins in maize seeds subjected to chilling. We attempt to explain how MEL expands plant capacity for stress tolerance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Phytoremediation for co-contaminated soils of chromium and benzo[a]pyrene using Zea mays L.

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Chigbo, Chibuike; Batty, Lesley

2014-02-01

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the single effect of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or chromium (Cr) and the joint effect of Cr-B[a]P on the growth of Zea mays, its uptake and accumulation of Cr, and the dissipation of B[a]P over 60 days. Results showed that single or joint contamination of Cr and B[a]P did not affect the plant growth relative to control treatments. However, the occurrence of B[a]P had an enhancing effect on the accumulation and translocation of Cr. The accumulation of Cr in shoot of plant significantly increased by ≥ 79 % in 50 mg kg(-1) Cr-B[a]P (1, 5, and 10 mg kg(-1)) treatments and by ≥ 86 % in 100 mg kg(-1) Cr-B[a]P (1, 5, and 10 mg kg(-1)) treatments relative to control treatments. The presence of plants did not enhance the dissipation of B[a]P in lower (1and 5 mg kg(-1)) B[a]P contaminated soils; however, over 60 days of planting Z. mays seemed to enhance the dissipation of B[a]P by over 60 % in 10 mg kg(-1) single contaminated soil and by 28 to 41 % in 10 mg kg(-1)B[a]P co-contaminated soil. This suggests that Z. mays might be a useful plant for the remediation of Cr-B[a]P co-contaminated soil.

Micromonospora zeae sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from corn root (Zea mays L.).

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Shen, Yue; Zhang, Yuejing; Liu, Chongxi; Wang, Xiangjing; Zhao, Junwei; Jia, Feiyu; Yang, Lingyu; Yang, Deguang; Xiang, Wensheng

2014-11-01

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-gq9(T), was isolated from corn root (Zea mays L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. The organism was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Micromonospora. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain NEAU-gq9(T) was most closely related to Micromonospora zamorensis CR38(T) (99.3%), Micromonospora jinlongensis NEAU-GRX11(T) (99.2%), Micromonospora saelicesensis Lupac 09(T) (99.2%), Micromonospora chokoriensis 2-19(6)(T) (98.9%), Micromonospora coxensis 2-30-b(28)(T) (98.6%) and Micromonospora lupini Lupac 14N(T) (98.5%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene demonstrated that strain NEAU-gq9(T) is a member of the genus Micromonospora and supported the closest phylogenetic relationship to M. zamorensis CR38(T), M. jinlongensis NEAU-GRX11(T), M. saelicesensis Lupac 09(T), M. chokoriensis 2-19(6)(T) and M. lupini Lupac 14N(T). A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization, morphological and physiological characteristics indicated that the novel strain could be readily distinguished from the closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-gq9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora zeae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-gq9(T) (=CGMCC 4.7092(T)=DSM 45882(T)).

Transport and metabolism of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-galactoside in seedlings of Zea mays

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Komoszynski, M.; Bandurski, R. S.

1986-01-01

Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol galactoside labeled with 3H in the indole and 14C in the galactose moieties was applied to kernels of 5 day old germinating seedlings of Zea mays. Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol galactoside was not transported into either the shoot or root tissue as the intact molecule but was instead hydrolyzed to yield [3H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol and [3H]indole-3-acetic acid which were then transported to the shoot with little radioactivity going to the root. With certain assumption concerning the equilibration of applied [3H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-[U-14C]galactose with the endogenous pool, it may be concluded that indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol galactoside in the endosperm supplies about 2 picomoles per plant per hour of indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol and 1 picomole per plant per hour of indole-3-acetic acid to the shoot and thus is comparable to indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol as a source of indole-acetic acid for the shoot. Quantitative estimates of the amount of galactose in the kernels suggest that [3H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-[14C]galactose is hydrolyzed after the compound leaves the endosperm but before it reaches the shoot. In addition, [3H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol-[14C]galactose supplies appreciable amounts of 14C to the shoot and both 14C and 3H to an uncharacterized insoluble fraction of the endosperm.

Effect of biochar on reclaimed tidal land soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) response.

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Kim, Hyuck-Soo; Kim, Kwon-Rae; Yang, Jae E; Ok, Yong Sik; Owens, Gary; Nehls, Thomas; Wessolek, Gerd; Kim, Kye-Hoon

2016-01-01

Reclaimed tidal land soil (RTLS) often contains high levels of soluble salts and exchangeable Na that can adversely affect plant growth. The current study examined the effect of biochar on the physicochemical properties of RTLS and subsequently the influence on plant growth performance. Rice hull derived biochar (BC) was applied to RTLS at three different rates (1%, 2%, and 5% (w/w)) and maize (Zea mays L.) subsequently cultivated for 6weeks. While maize was cultivated, 0.1% NaCl solution was supplied from the bottom of the pots to simulate the natural RTLS conditions. Biochar induced changes in soil properties were evaluated by the water stable aggregate (WSA) percentage, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), soil organic carbon contents, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable cations. Plant response was measured by growth rate, nutrient contents, and antioxidant enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Application of rice hull derived biochar increased the soil organic carbon content and the percentage of WSA by 36-69%, while decreasing the ESP. The highest dry weight maize yield was observed from soil which received 5% BC (w/w), which was attributed to increased stability of water-stable aggregates and elevated levels of phosphate in BC incorporated soils. Moreover, increased potassium, sourced from the BC, induced mitigation of Na uptake by maize and consequently, reduced the impact of salt stress as evidenced by overall declines in the antioxidant activities of APX and GR. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neonicotinoid-Coated Zea mays Seeds Indirectly Affect Honeybee Performance and Pathogen Susceptibility in Field Trials.

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Mohamed Alburaki

Full Text Available Thirty-two honeybee (Apis mellifera colonies were studied in order to detect and measure potential in vivo effects of neonicotinoid pesticides used in cornfields (Zea mays spp on honeybee health. Honeybee colonies were randomly split on four different agricultural cornfield areas located near Quebec City, Canada. Two locations contained cornfields treated with a seed-coated systemic neonicotinoid insecticide while the two others were organic cornfields used as control treatments. Hives were extensively monitored for their performance and health traits over a period of two years. Honeybee viruses (brood queen cell virus BQCV, deformed wing virus DWV, and Israeli acute paralysis virus IAPV and the brain specific expression of a biomarker of host physiological stress, the Acetylcholinesterase gene AChE, were investigated using RT-qPCR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS was performed to detect pesticide residues in adult bees, honey, pollen, and corn flowers collected from the studied hives in each location. In addition, general hive conditions were assessed by monitoring colony weight and brood development. Neonicotinoids were only identified in corn flowers at low concentrations. However, honeybee colonies located in neonicotinoid treated cornfields expressed significantly higher pathogen infection than those located in untreated cornfields. AChE levels showed elevated levels among honeybees that collected corn pollen from treated fields. Positive correlations were recorded between pathogens and the treated locations. Our data suggests that neonicotinoids indirectly weaken honeybee health by inducing physiological stress and increasing pathogen loads.

Influence of sub-lethal crude oil concentration on growth, water relations and photosynthetic capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) plants.

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Athar, Habib-Ur-Rehman; Ambreen, Sarah; Javed, Muhammad; Hina, Mehwish; Rasul, Sumaira; Zafar, Zafar Ullah; Manzoor, Hamid; Ogbaga, Chukwuma C; Afzal, Muhammad; Al-Qurainy, Fahad; Ashraf, Muhammad

2016-09-01

Maize tolerance potential to oil pollution was assessed by growing Zea mays in soil contaminated with varying levels of crude oil (0, 2.5 and 5.0 % v/w basis). Crude oil contamination reduced soil microflora which may be beneficial to plant growth. It was observed that oil pollution caused a remarkable decrease in biomass, leaf water potential, turgor potential, photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), net CO2 assimilation rate, leaf nitrogen and total free amino acids. Gas exchange characteristics suggested that reduction in photosynthetic rate was mainly due to metabolic limitations. Fast chlorophyll a kinetic analysis suggested that crude oil damaged PSII donor and acceptor sides and downregulated electron transport as well as PSI end electron acceptors thereby resulting in lower PSII efficiency in converting harvested light energy into biochemical energy. However, maize plants tried to acclimate to moderate level of oil pollution by increasing root diameter and root length relative to its shoot biomass, to uptake more water and mineral nutrients.

Projecte d'integració entre SAP GH - SAP MM - Kàrdex

OpenAIRE

Perea Núñez, Yolanda

2012-01-01

Projecte d'integració entre dos sistemes SAP (gestió hospitalària i gestió de materials) amb un altre sistema aliè a SAP, el sistema de magatzem de medicaments Kàrdex, mitjançant comunicacions via SAP Process Integration. Proyecto de integración entre dos sistemas SAP (gestión hospitalaria y gestión de materiales) con otro sistema ajeno a SAP, el sistema de almacén de medicamentos Kardex, mediante comunicaciones vía SAP Process Integration.

Factores socioculturales y consumo de drogas entre estudiantes universitarios costarricenses

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Jaime Alonso Caravaca Morera

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva-exploratoria, con diseño transversal que examinó el efecto moderador de ciertos factores socio-culturales en el consumo de drogas entre estudiantes universitarios en San José, Costa Rica. La muestra fue conformada por 126 mujeres y 124 hombres de una universidad pública de forma no probabilística. Fue elaborado un cuestionario con cinco escalas ya validadas, que interrogaba sobre la influencia del grupo de pares, las relaciones familiares, el entretenimiento, la espiritualidad y el consumo de drogas. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 18 para el análisis estadístico. Se estableció que el 98,4% de los estudiantes reportaron tener por lo menos un amigo que consumía drogas, las drogas más consumidas fueron alcohol, tabaco y marihuana. Se estableció asociación significativa entre algunos factores académicos y culturales con el consumo de drogas legales e ilegales. Se concluye que deben ser implementadas estrategias preventivas considerando la influencia de los factores culturales entre los estudiantes universitarios.

Indústria de tabaco e cidadania: confronto entre redes organizacionais

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Boeira, Sérgio Luís

2006-01-01

O artigo aborda a história da indústria de tabaco no Brasil e da formação de sua rede estratégica, bem como da rede dos atores sociais que a contrapõem. Na primeira parte, apresenta-se uma correlação entre a história da produção industrial, do consumo de tabaco e do antitabagismo. Na segunda parte são apresentados os conceitos de rede estratégica e de rede multifragmentária (antifumo), propostos para facilitar a compreensão de alguns dos múltiplos aspectos conflitivos entre as duas redes. A p...

FLUJO DE GENES ENTRE FRIJOL COMÚN Y SILVESTRE EN COSTA RICA

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N\\u00E9stor Chaves-Barrantes

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de analizar el flujo de genes entre frijol común silvestre y cultivado, se determinó el porcentaje de alogamia en condiciones naturales de crecimie nto del frijol silvestre y en estación experimental. En el 2004 se evaluó el cruzamie nto natural entre frijol silvestre mexicano G23511A (Phaseolus vulgaris L. y la línea blanca PAN 68, en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit de la Universidad de Costa Ri ca en Alajuela. Para ello se sembraron dos parcelas experimentales; cada una constó de dos bloques de PAN 68 de 10 surcos (15 m de largo y espacia dos 0,6 m. Entre los bloques y en el borde superior de los mismos, se sembraron tres surcos de frijol silvestre como donantes de polen. Se numeraron las hileras y las plantas de cada una en los bloques de frijol blanco. En Quircot de Ca rtago (área donde crece en forma natural P. vulgaris silvestre, en el 2005 y 2006, se sembraron plantas de frijol comercia l (Vainica de Palo a lo largo de seis sitios junto a las poblaciones de frijol silvestre. En ambas localidades la floración de silvestres y comerciales fue coincidente. Se cosechó toda la semilla de los ensayos y se germinó en bandejas, determinando el porcentaje de alogamia por medio del color morado del hip ocotilo, indicativo de aquellas plántulas cruzadas. En Alajuela el porcentaje de cruza varió entre 0,007 y 0,028 %; mie ntras que en Quircot, entre 0 y 0,199 %.

Entre a potência e o poder: Walter Benjamin e Roger Caillois

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Susana Scramim

2009-01-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784X.2009v9n14p101 A escrita fragmentária empenhada por Benjamim em "Seqüência em Ibiza" e os aforismos do Oráculo Manual y Arte de Prudencia de Gracián  indicam o esboço de uma reflexão sobre o poder na obra de Benjamin a qual se materializará como limiar entre a forma e o informe, entre a autonomia e auto-implicação, entre a obra e a des-obra. Essa reflexão se torna aguda  no impacto provocado em Benjamin pela a leitura  de L´ariditè que Roger Caillois publica juntamente com outros ensaios, em 1938, no Colégio de Sociologia em Paris.

Invalidez por dor nas costas entre segurados da Previdência Social do Brasil

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Ney Meziat Filho

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as aposentadorias por invalidez decorrente de dor nas costas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social em 2007. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas como causa das aposentadorias por invalidez foi calculada segundo as variáveis idade e sexo, nos estados. Os dias de trabalho perdidos por invalidez decorrente de dor nas costas foram calculados segundo atividade profissional. RESULTADOS: A dor nas costas idiopática foi a primeira causa de invalidez entre as aposentadorias previdenciárias e acidentárias. A maioria dos beneficiários residia em área urbana e era comerciário. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas como causa das aposentadorias por invalidez no Brasil foi de 29,96 por 100.000 contribuintes. Esse valor foi mais elevado entre os homens e entre as pessoas mais velhas. Rondônia exibiu taxa quatro vezes superior ao esperado (RT = 4,05 e a segunda maior taxa, referente à Bahia, foi de aproximadamente duas vezes o esperado (RT = 2,07. Os comerciários foram responsáveis por 96,9% dos dias perdidos por invalidez. CONCLUSÕES: A dor nas costas foi uma importante causa de invalidez em 2007, sobretudo entre comerciários, com grandes diferenças entre os estados.

RELACIÓN ENTRE DIFERENTES PRUEBAS DE CAMPO: FUERZA, POTENCIA Y VELOCIDAD

OpenAIRE

Jessenia Hernández Elizondo

2003-01-01

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito principal el encontrar por medio de pruebas en las variables de fuerza, potencia y velocidad, la relación matemática existente entre estos tres constructos. Participaron 56 sujetos varones con edades entre 18 y 25 años. Con el fin de responder al objetivo del estudio, se les aplicaron pruebas de campo de fuerza (1RM de sentadilla completa y repeticiones máximas al 80% 60% 40% y 20%), de velocidad (30 metros lanzados y 30 metros sin impulso), y de potenci...

Afetividade entre professor e aluno no processo ensino-aprendizagem

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Jéssica Simone Galdino Schaefer

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações de afetividade entre professor e aluno no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Utiliza de metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, observação participante, e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O lócus da pesquisa foi a Escola Municipal de Educação Básica Lizamara Aparecida Oliva de Almeida em Sinop, entre Fevereiro e Maio de 2014. Enquanto sujeitos, contou-se com professores e alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Dos resultados parciais, verificou-se que mesmo que a afetividade e a aprendizagem sejam reconhecidas teoricamente por Henri Wallon como elos fundamentais para o processo ensino-aprendizagem, ainda não é bem compreendido pelos sujeitos professores. Palavras-chave: psicologia educacional; afetividade; professores e alunos. 

CONCORDANCIA ENTRE CINCO DEFINICIONES DE SÍNDROME METABÓLICO. CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA

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Gustavo Mora García

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: Durante la última década el síndrome metabólico fue definido en cinco diferentes guías. Con cada definición se modifica la capacidad predictiva del síndrome sobre la enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de concordancia entre estas cinco guías en Cartagena (Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adultos. El tamaño mínimo de muestra se estimó con información del censo DANE 2005. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico que incluyó 670 individuos. Para estimar la prevalencia del síndrome se aplicaron las guías OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud, AHA/NHBLI (Asociación Americana del Corazón, ATPIII (Panel de Tratamiento de Adultos, IDF (Federación Internacional de Diabetes y JIS (Declaración Provisional Conjunta. La concordancia fue calculada con el índice Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: Según las guías JIS, IDF, ATPIII, AHA/NHBLI y OMS, la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue del 36,3%, 35,1%, 30,3%, 24,2% y 4,9% respectivamente. La concordancia entre JIS e IDF fue de 0,893 mientras que el índice entre estas guías y AHA/NHBLI fue de 0,778 y 0,750 respectivamente. El ATP III tuvo una concordancia más baja con JIS e IDF (0,711 y 0,645, respectivamente pero con AHA/NHLBI la concordancia fue de 0,863. La OMS presentó un acuerdo con las demás guías de entre 0,14 y 0,16. Conclusiones: Existe concordancia significativa entre las cuatro guías más recientes. Los puntos de corte para obesidad abdominal podrían justificar las diferencias encontradas.

Entre la Venadita y la Medusa

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Valcárcel, Amelia

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Feminism has made in the last decades relevant advances towards equity between men and women in western societies. However, both mysogyny and gynophobia are still at work, giving as a result a «deflation of expectations» among women who enter the worlds of politics, information, corporations, economic power, knowledge, religion or art, and find a glass ceiling in full operation. The paper focuses on women artists, examines the anger expressed in feminist art as an answer to exclusion, and argues for feminist strategies of analysis and correction of inequalities.

El feminismo ha conseguido en los últimos años importantes avances hacia la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en las sociedades occidentales. Y, sin embargo, tanto la misoginia como la ginofobia siguen vigentes, provocando una «deflación de expectativas » entre las mujeres que se incorporan a los mundos de la política, la información, las organizaciones empresariales, el poder económico, el saber, la religión o la creatividad, y se topan con el techo de cristal a pleno funcionamiento. El artículo se centra en las mujeres creadoras para examinar la cólera expresada en el arte feminista como respuesta a la exclusión y defender estrategias feministas de análisis y corrección de desigualdades.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferase Promoter from Maize (Zea mays L.

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Gai-Li Niu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Betaine, a non-toxic osmoprotectant, is believed to accumulate considerably in plants under stress conditions to maintain the osmotic pressure and promote a variety of processes involved in growth and development. Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT, a key enzyme for betaine synthesis, is reported to be regulated by its upstream promoter. In the present investigation, by using the transgenic approach, a 1048 bp long promoter region of ZmPEAMT gene from Zea mays was cloned and functionally characterized in tobacco. Computational analysis affirmed the existence of abiotic stress responsive cis-elements like ABRE, MYC, HST, LST etc., as well as pathogen, wound and phytohormone responsive motifs. For transformation in tobacco, four 5′-deletion constructs of 826 bp (P2, 642 bp (P3, 428 bp (P4 and 245 bp (P5 were constructed from the 1048 bp (P1 promoter fragment. The transgenic plants generated through a single event exhibited a promising expression of GUS reporter protein in the leaf tissues of treated with salt, drought, oxidative and cold stress as well as control plants. The GUS expression level progressively reduced from P1 to P5 in the leaf tissues, whereas a maximal expression was observed with the P3 construct in the leaves of control plants. The expression of GUS was noted to be higher in the leaves of osmotically- or salt-treated transgenic plants than that in the untreated (control plants. An effective expression of GUS in the transgenic plants manifests that this promoter can be employed for both stress-inducible and constitutive expression of gene(s. Due to this characteristic, this potential promoter can be effectively used for genetic engineering of several crops.

Using in situ pore water concentrations to estimate the phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron in soils to corn (Zea mays L.).

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Liu, Kailin; Cao, Zhengya; Pan, Xiong; Yu, Yunlong

2012-08-01

The phytotoxicity of an herbicide in soil is typically dependent on the soil characteristics. To obtain a comparable value of the concentration that inhibits growth by 50% (IC50), 0.01 M CaCl(2) , excess pore water (EPW) and in situ pore water (IPW) were used to extract the bioavailable fraction of nicosulfuron from five different soils to estimate the nicosulfuron phytotoxicity to corn (Zea mays L.). The results indicated that the phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron in soils to corn depended on the soil type, and the IC50 values calculated based on the amended concentration of nicosulfuron ranged from 0.77 to 9.77 mg/kg among the five tested soils. The range of variation in IC50 values for nicosulfuron was smaller when the concentrations of nicosulfuron extracted with 0.01 M CaCl(2) and EPW were used instead of the amended concentration. No significant difference was observed among the IC50 values calculated from the IPW concentrations of nicosulfuron in the five tested soils, suggesting that the concentration of nicosulfuron in IPW could be used to estimate the phytotoxicity of residual nicosulfuron in soils. Copyright © 2012 SETAC.

Acción del stimulate en el crecimiento y llenado de mazorcas en maíz (Zea mays L.

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Norato Rodríguez Jesús

1992-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudio pretende modificar los patrones de crecimiento y desarrollo en un maíz regional, aplicando STIMULATE, regulador
del crecimiento que contiene auxinas, giberelinas y citoquininas.
Algunos parámetros cuantificados fueron: la altura de la planta (que se incrementó hasta en 62 cm, producción de nuevas
mazorcas tanto sobre el tallo principal, como sobre el pedúnculo de la única mazorca que normalmente produce la planta,
incremento en el índice de precocidad (hasta en un 149% y producción de grano (2.49 Ton/ha, superior al testigo.This study pertains to the modification of the normal behavior of growth and development of a regional genotype of Zea mays by spray with STIMULATE, which is a mixture of auxines, gibberellines and cytokinines. Some of the parameters measured were: plant height (increase of up 62 cm, production of new shoots, both on the main axis and on the peduncle of the only ear shoot naturally developed by the plant, increase of the prolificacy index (up to 149%, and grain yield (2.49 Ton/ha higher than the control.

Fatores associados ao consumo de álcool e drogas entre estudantes universitários

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Leonardo V E Rueda Silva

2006-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudos recentes mostram o uso preocupante de álcool e drogas entre universitários. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o grau de associação entre o estilo de vida e situação socioeconômica e o uso de álcool, tabaco, medicamentos e "drogas ilícitas" nos últimos 12 meses entre universitários. MÉTODOS: A amostra compreendeu 926 alunos da área de Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade do Município de São Paulo, os quais responderam a questionário anônimo e de auto-preenchimento em 2000 e 2001. Foram utilizados os testes de análise de variância e qui-quadrado para verificar a correlação entre o uso de substâncias e as variáveis estudadas. RESULTADOS: Entre os alunos com alguma religião, o consumo de álcool foi de 83,1%, o de tabaco, 20,7% e o de "drogas ilícitas", 24,6%, nesse período. Entre os alunos que não possuíam religião, o consumo nas três categorias foi superior nos últimos 12 meses: álcool (89,3%, tabaco (27,7% e "drogas ilícitas" (37,7%. A renda familiar mensal mostrou-se relacionada ao uso de álcool e "drogas ilícitas" (p<0,001 para ambos. Os alunos que utilizaram tabaco e "drogas ilícitas" apresentavam mais horas livres nos dias úteis do que os alunos que não fumavam no período analisado (p=0,033 e p=0,008, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre os alunos estudados foi comum, indicando a necessidade de implementação de medidas para reduzir tal consumo. Alunos com renda familiar alta e sem religião podem ser considerados com maior risco de consumo de drogas nessa população.

Vacinação contra a hepatite B entre cirurgiões dentistas

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Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Inquéritos sorológicos realizados em diversos países mostraram uma maior prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB em dentistas, especialmente entre os cirurgiões, do que na população geral. O estudo realizado objetivou determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à vacinação contra hepatite B (HB entre os dentistas e investigar as principais razões alegadas para a não vacinação e vacinação incompleta. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um inquérito entre 299 cirurgiões dentistas residentes em Montes Claros, MG, por meio de questionário auto-aplicável. Foi determinada a prevalência de vacinação segundo o número de doses e os fatores associados à não vacinação e à vacinação incompleta através de regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: Dos 299 questionários distribuídos, 296 (99% foram respondidos. Destes, 74,9% tomaram três doses; 14%, duas doses; 2%, uma dose e 10% não foram vacinados. A vacinação completa foi maior entre os que relataram fazer exclusivamente cirurgia e/ou periodontia (89%. A principal razão alegada para a não vacinação ou vacinação incompleta foi a necessitade de maiores informações. A não vacinação foi mais freqüente entre aqueles com mais de 40 anos (OR=8,62; IC 95%: 1,88-39,41 e os que não se reciclaram nos dois anos prévios ao inquérito (OR=2,72; IC 95%: 1,02-7,22. A vacinação incompleta foi maior entre os que não usam luva no trabalho (OR=2,32; IC 95%: 1,08-4,97. CONCLUSÃO: A falta de informação, possivelmente relacionada a menor reciclagem profissional, parece ser um dos principais fatores limitantes da vacinação.

Corposições entre o ver, o dizer e o agir

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Catarina Mendes Resende

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo enuncia as questões que mobilizam o coletivo de investigação “Corposições: Profanações entre afeto, performatividade e território”, explicitando o “como”, “onde” e “quando” os campos de atuação de seus integrantes se imbricam para construir um corpo comum. A partir de suas principais ferramentas de trabalho - a Composição em Tempo Real de João Fiadeiro e o Modo Operativo AND de Fernanda Eugenio - o jogo proposto pelo grupo é o de partilhar suas experiências, dando visibilidade ao que desestabiliza, ventila e amplia suas práticas e discursos. Tal proposição implica modos de ver específicos - a articulação entre corporeidade, afeto, território e performatividade - e modos de agir - uma investigação que é experimentação e laboratório, na qual são performadas intervenções entre dança e clínica.

Relaciones entre organizaciones y stakeholders: necesidad de una interacción mutua entre los diversos grupos de interés

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Jorge Suárez Tirado

2007-12-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo intentaré explicar las relaciones y los riesgos existentes entre organizaciones y stakeholders (grupos de interés; adicionalmente, realizaré algunas observaciones al enfoque clásico planteado por Milton Friedman, sin el ánimo de entrar a explicar las características del entorno económico, político y social de la época (1970, e intentaré argumentar que en las circunstancias actuales (niveles de pobreza, aumento en la brecha social, problemas medioambientales, etc., las empresas tienen compromisos con los stakeholders y con la comunidad en general, que van más allá de la generación de utilidades para los propietarios. Posteriormente presentaré de una forma muy breve algunas herramientas que permiten comunicar el impacto de la empresa sobre la sociedad y en particular sobre los diversos stakeholders, como lo son las cuentas de excedente y el balance social que se constituyen en la principal herramienta de comunicación entre la empresa y los diversos grupos de interés o stakeholders

El Ciberacoso entre los estudiantes de Colombia: una investigación exploratoria

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Giulia Mura

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El ciberacoso es un fenómeno relacionado con internet, reconocido y en crecimiento. Aunque el enfoque de la investigación en este campo está expandiéndose rápidamente, la mayoría de las investigaciones se centraron en las experiencias de adolescentes en países industrializados, como los de Europa occidental o países anglosajones. Pero, los jóvenes de los países en desarrollo ¿están expuestos a los mismos riesgos? Para responder a esta pregunta, este trabajo presenta una parte de los resultados de un proyecto más amplio, y centra su atención en la incidencia de episodios de ciberacoso entre los estudiantes de secundaria en Colombia. Los datos se recogieron sobre una muestra de 359 estudiantes, 64.1% varones y 35.9% mujeres, entre los 13 y los 19 años de edad, utilizando un cuestionario entregado en horario escolar. El análisis demuestra que los episodios de ciberacoso están bastante extendidos en el grupo de la muestra; teniendo en cuenta que más del 60% de los jóvenes entrevistados estuvo involucrado (ya sea como víctima o como acosador en al menos 2 episodios en los 6 meses anteriores a la investigación. Las diferencias entre los sexos han sido analizadas, pero no han dado resultados significativos. En conclusión este estudio pone en evidencia la necesidad de una investigación más profunda y amplia del ciberacoso, tanto entre la población masculina como entre la femenina, de los así llamados "países en desarrollo", porque parece que la difusión de éste fenómeno está afectando también a la juventud de éstos países.

Creencias sobre la insuficiencia renal crónica entre expertos y profanos

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Esperanza Vélez Vélez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar las creencias y representaciones sobre la insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC en pacientes, población general y expertos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal que analiza una muestra de 120 participantes seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. Se crearon cinco grupos de estudio en función de su nivel de interacción con la enfermedad. La herramienta utilizada fue el Cuestionario de Creencias Sobre la Enfermedad. Resultados: Identidad, Controlabilidad, Mutabilidad, Responsabilidad Personal y Azar no presentan diferencias significativas entre los grupos estudiados. El factor Causas muestra diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de pacientes con universitarios de ciencias de la salud y expertos (p<0,001 y entre otros universitarios con universitarios ciencias de la salud y expertos (p<0.001. El factor Incapacidad muestra diferencias significativas entre pacientes, universitarios y población general (p<0,001 y entre expertos con otros universitarios y población general (p<0,001. Los pacientes ofrecen un menor número de síntomas asociados tanto a la IRC como a la hemodiálisis (HD. Y en cuanto a las causas, las de origen biológico y conductuales son las más consideradas por todos los grupos. Solo el grupo de pacientes en HD considera el azar factor causal de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: En oposición al modelo científico, pacientes y población general comparten la idea de que la IRC es curable, depende en gran medida del azar y de hábitos de conducta y es menos grave de lo que opinan expertos. La experiencia con la enfermedad aporta más información (no necesariamente conocimiento que es recordada en función de la utilidad para lograr un mayor bienestar o una mejora de los cuidados.

Relación entre conducta parental y adherencia al tratamiento en diabetes infantil

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Mónica María Novoa Gómez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, enmarcado en la psicología de la salud, se pretende identificar la relación que existe entre la conducta parental y la adherencia al tratamiento a partir de un diseño no-experimental de tipo transversal descriptivo correlacional, en una muestra de niños con diabetes tipo I, entre 8 y 11 años de edad, con un tiempo desde el diagnóstico de entre uno y tres años. Los resultados analizados señalan la relación que existe entre los comportamientos que engloba la variable de conducta parental y adherencia al tratamiento, pudiendo incluso diferenciar aquellos comportamientos más representativos para cada categoría; así por ejemplo, se encontró que la comunicación afectiva es el comportamiento parental que más está correlacionado con las conductas de adhesión. Con respecto a las conductas de adhesión al tratamiento, la dieta fue la conducta de este tipo que más se correlacionó con comportamientos parentales.

ENTRE IDEOLOGIA E UTOPIA: A DIALÉTICA DA IMAGINAÇÃO EM MANNHEIM

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Mateus Augusto de Oliveira

2017-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o conceito de utopia elaborado pelo sociólogo húngaro Karl Mannheim. Para tanto, estudaremos o papel desempenhado pela obra Ideologia e utopia no pensamento de Mannheim. O livro é a carta de fundação da sociologia do conhecimento como disciplina autônoma. Mostraremos como Ideologia e utopia desenvolve uma aproximação entre imaginário e política. Mannheim argumenta que toda sociedade se alicerça em ficções, símbolos, mitos e ritos. O sociólogo distancia-se de Marx e Engels ao criticar a distinção entre consciência alienada e consciência esclarecida, ciência e ideologia. No cerne da sociologia do conhecimento desenvolvida por Mannheim está uma polarização entre ideologia e utopia, definida pelo filósofo Paul Ricoeur como “dialética da imaginação”. Para Mannheim, o conceito de ‘utopia’ se desenvolveria em contraposição à noção de ‘ideologia’: a tensão entre um e outro estaria na base de toda comunidade.

Asociación entre agenesia dental y maloclusión en pacientes pediátricos

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A. Carolina Medina

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La agenesia dental es la anomalía del desarrollo más frecuente en el ser humano, asociándose a maloclusiones y alteraciones funcionales. Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la asociación entre la agenesia de dientes permanentes y la presencia de maloclusiones en pacientes pediátricos en el área Metropolitana de Caracas, Venezuela. Material y métodos: Fueron evaluados 1.188 radiografías panorámicas y 648 registros ortodóncicos de pacientes sanos con edades entre 5 y 18 años, registrando agenesia de dientes permanentes, exceptuando terceros molares. La maloclusión se diagnosticó según Angle. Fueron calculados estadísticos descriptivos, diferencias entre promedios y correlaciones entre variables (t de Student, rho de Pearson, p=0,05, odds ratio. Resultados: La prevalencia de agenesia fue 5,6%, siendo la media 1,64 y afectando mayormente al sexo femenino (1,44:1. Los dientes más afectados fueron segundos premolares inferiores (35,19%, e incisivos laterales superiores (30,55%. La prevalencia de maloclusión fue mayor en el grupo con agenesia dental (Clase I 52%, Clase II 31%, Clase III 17% al comparar con el grupo control (Clase I 77%, Clase II 14%, Clase III 9%; habiendo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el número de dientes ausentes y Clase III. Conclusión: La prevalencia y distribución de agenesia dental variaron entre géneros, siendo el femenino el más afectado. Hubo correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el número de dientes afectados y la maloclusión Clase III.

Effects of energy content and energy density of pre-portioned entrées on energy intake.

Science.gov (United States)

Blatt, Alexandria D; Williams, Rachel A; Roe, Liane S; Rolls, Barbara J

2012-10-01

Pre-portioned entrées are commonly consumed to help control portion size and limit energy intake. The influence of entrée characteristics on energy intake, however, has not been well studied. We determined how the effects of energy content and energy density (ED, kcal/g) of pre-portioned entrées combine to influence daily energy intake. In a crossover design, 68 non-dieting adults (28 men and 40 women) were provided with breakfast, lunch, and dinner on 1 day a week for 4 weeks. Each meal included a compulsory, manipulated pre-portioned entrée followed by a variety of unmanipulated discretionary foods that were consumed ad libitum. Across conditions, the entrées were varied in both energy content and ED between a standard level (100%) and a reduced level (64%). Results showed that in men, decreases in the energy content and ED of pre-portioned entrées acted independently and added together to reduce daily energy intake (both P kcal/day; P lunch, but at dinner and for the entire day the effects depended on the interaction of the two factors (P daily energy intake in women by 14% (289 ± 35 kcal/day; P daily energy intake and could influence the effectiveness of such foods for weight management.

Translocation of labelled assimilates, ion uptake and nucleic acids contents in zea mays plants as influenced by application of the herbicide dual and the bioregulaators GA3 and kinetin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hassanein, R.AA.; Khodary, S.E.A.; Abdel-Aziz, S.M.

2001-01-01

Maize seedlings, grown hydroponic for one month, were undertaken o investigate the effect of dual (metolachlor), bio regulators (GA 3 and kinetin) and their interaction with dual on translocation rate of assimilates, nucleic acids content. ion uptake and the activities of protease and nitrate reductase enzymes. Dual at all concentrations decreased the rate of assimilates translocation and nucleic acids levels. Also reduction in the ability of the treated plants to absorb ions from the growth medium as well as the activities of nitrate reductase and protease enzymes were retarded upon dual application. The results also revealed that treatment with either GA 3 or kinetin in combination with dual, reversed the adverse action of the herbicide on zea mays plants

L’approche sociopsychologique de Horkheimer, entre Fromm et Adorno

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Katia Genel

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Le cadre du programme interdisciplinaire de recherche défini par Max Horkheimer dans les années 1930 doit beaucoup à Erich Fromm, qui a introduit la psychologie sociale dans la Théorie critique de la société. Or, une décennie plus tard, Fromm est la cible privilégiée des attaques et sa théorie apparaît désormais comme incompatible avec les positions défendues par Horkheimer et Adorno. Partant de ces tensions qui ont marqué l’histoire de l’École de Francfort, le présent article vise à éclaircir le déplacement qu’elles traduisent sur le plan épistémologique. Si Horkheimer et Fromm partagent des prémisses communes, le premier, dans son travail avec Adorno, se rapproche de manière croissante de la doctrine freudienne alors que le second s’en éloigne. Nous voudrions montrer que l’accord entre Fromm et Horkheimer fut surtout négatif puisqu’il portait sur la critique de Freud : les divergences entre les deux penseurs apparaissent clairement, dès lors qu’on pose en profondeur la question de l’usage de la psychanalyse pour analyser l’un des problèmes centraux de la théorie de la société, l’antagonisme entre individu et société.

Relación entre variables neurocognitivas y personalidad en delincuentes

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Juan Antonio Becerra García

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Recientes estudios muestran que rasgos de personalidad del Modelo de los Cinco Factores y funciones neurocognitivas frontales comparten una misma base neurobiológica. En población penitenciaria las relaciones entre estas funciones y rasgos ha sido poco explorada. Este estudio pretende examinar la relación entre personalidad y funciones neurocognitivas en delincuentes y determinar si las medidas de funcionamiento neurocognitivo frontal contribuyen a predecir algún porcentaje de varianza en rasgos de personalidad de muestras penitenciarias. Noventa y nueve hombres (distribuidos en grupos: agresores sexuales de adultos, delincuentes no sexuales y grupo control realizaron el Inventario de Personalidad NEO de Cinco Factores (NEO-FFI y el Trail Making Test (TMT, partes A y B. La ejecución en la parte A del TMT se relaciono con el nivel de Extraversión de los delincuentes sexuales y con el nivel de Neuroticismo de delincuentes no sexuales y explica un porcentaje significativo de la varianza de estos dominios de personalidad en ambos grupos. En conclusión, la relación entre el funcionamiento neurocognitivo y la personalidad parece ser diferente en función del tipo de delito cometido, aunque los resultados deben ser interpretados de forma preliminar.

Spray particle drift mitigation using field corn (Zea mays L.) as a drift barrier.

Science.gov (United States)

Vieira, Bruno C; Butts, Thomas R; Rodrigues, Andre O; Golus, Jeffrey A; Schroeder, Kasey; Kruger, Greg R

2018-04-24

Herbicide particle drift reduces application efficacy and can cause severe impacts on nearby vegetation depending on the herbicide mode-of-action, exposure level, and tolerance to the herbicide. A particle drift mitigation effort placing windbreaks or barriers on the field boundaries to reduce off-target movement of spray particles has been utilized in the past. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of field corn (Zea mays L.) at different heights as a particle drift barrier. Applications with a non-air inclusion flat fan nozzle (ER11004) resulted in greater particle drift when compared to an air inclusion nozzle (TTI11004). Eight rows of corn were used as barriers (0.91, 1.22, and 1.98 m height) which reduced the particle drift for both nozzles, especially at shorter downwind distances. Applications with the ER11004 nozzle without corn barriers had 1% of the applied rate (D 99 ) predicted to deposit at 14.8 m downwind, whereas this distance was reduced (up to 7-fold) when applications were performed with corn barriers. The combination of corn drift barriers and nozzle selection (TTI11004) provided satisfactory particle drift reduction when the D 99 estimates were compared to applications with the ER11004 nozzle without corn barriers (up to 10-fold difference). The corn drift barriers were effective in reducing particle drift from applications with the ER11004 and the TTI11004 nozzles (Fine and Ultra Coarse spray classifications, respectively). The corn drift barrier had appropriate porosity and width as the airborne spray was captured within its canopy instead of deflecting up and over it. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Impaired phloem loading in zmsweet13a,b,c sucrose transporter triple knock-out mutants in Zea mays.

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Bezrutczyk, Margaret; Hartwig, Thomas; Horschman, Marc; Char, Si Nian; Yang, Jinliang; Yang, Bing; Frommer, Wolf B; Sosso, Davide

2018-04-01

Crop yield depends on efficient allocation of sucrose from leaves to seeds. In Arabidopsis, phloem loading is mediated by a combination of SWEET sucrose effluxers and subsequent uptake by SUT1/SUC2 sucrose/H + symporters. ZmSUT1 is essential for carbon allocation in maize, but the relative contribution to apoplasmic phloem loading and retrieval of sucrose leaking from the translocation path is not known. Here we analysed the contribution of SWEETs to phloem loading in maize. We identified three leaf-expressed SWEET sucrose transporters as key components of apoplasmic phloem loading in Zea mays L. ZmSWEET13 paralogues (a, b, c) are among the most highly expressed genes in the leaf vasculature. Genome-edited triple knock-out mutants were severely stunted. Photosynthesis of mutants was impaired and leaves accumulated high levels of soluble sugars and starch. RNA-seq revealed profound transcriptional deregulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses may indicate that variability in ZmSWEET13s correlates with agronomical traits, especifically flowering time and leaf angle. This work provides support for cooperation of three ZmSWEET13s with ZmSUT1 in phloem loading in Z. mays. © 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust.

Phosphorus and Compost Management Influence Maize (Zea mays) Productivity Under Semiarid Condition with and without Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria

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Amanullah

2015-01-01

Phosphorus (P) unavailability and lack of organic matter in the soils under semiarid climates are the two major constraints for low crop productivity. Field trial was conducted to study the effects of P levels, compost application times and seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L., cv. Azam). The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer 2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement using three replications. The two PSB levels [(1) inoculated seed with PSB (+) and (2) seed not inoculated with PSB (- or control)] and three compost application times (30, 15, and 0 days before sowing) combination (six treatments) were used as main plot factor, while four P levels (25, 50, 75, and 100 kg P ha-1) used as subplot factor. The results confirmed that compost applied at sowing time and P applied at the two higher rates (75 and 100 kg P ha-1) had significantly increased yield and yield components of maize under semiarid condition. Maize seed inoculated with PSB (+) had tremendously increased yield and yield components of maize over PSB-control plots (-) under semiarid condition. PMID:26697038

Phosphorus and compost management influence maize (Zea mays productivity under semiarid condition with and without phosphate solubilizing bacteria

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Amanullah eAmanullah

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Phosphorus (P unavailability and lack of organic matter in the soils under semiarid climates are the two major constraints for low crop productivity. Field trial was conducted to study the effects of P levels, compost application times and seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB on the yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L., cv. Azam. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer 2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement using three replications. The two PSB levels [(1 inoculated seed with PSB (+ and (2 seed not inoculated with PSB (- or control] and three compost application times [(30, 15 and 0 days before sowing (DBS] combination (six treatments were used as main plot factor, while four P levels (25, 50, 75 and 100 kg P ha-1 used as subplot factor. The results confirmed that compost applied at sowing time and P applied at the two higher rates (75 and 100 kg P ha-1 had significantly increased yield and yield components of maize under semiarid condition. Maize seed inoculated with PSB (+ had tremendously increased yield and yield components of maize over PSB-control plots (- under semiarid condition.

Relaciones entre el sueño y la adicción

OpenAIRE

Cañellas, Francesca; de Lecea, Luis

2012-01-01

La interacción entre los trastornos del sueño y el abuso de sustancias es ya conocida, pero seguramente más compleja de lo que se pensaba. Existe tanto una relación positiva entre tener un trastorno por uso de substancias y sufrir un trastorno de sueño, como viceversa. Los efectos sobre el sueño dependen de la substancia utilizada, pero se ha demostrado que tanto durante su uso como en período de abstinencia los consumidores tienen diferentes problemas de sueño y fundamentalmente un sueño más...

Co-variabilidad de la temperatura superficial del mar entre cuencas del Hemisferio Sur

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Ana Laura Berman

2011-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudian relaciones estadísticas entre diferentes regiones de los océanos del Hemisferio Sur en todo el espacio tiempo-frecuencia durante los últimos cincuenta años aplicando la metodología de transformada ondeletas de coherencia a promedios anuales de anomalías mensuales de temperatura superficial del mar. Entre los resultados más relevantes encontrados debe mencionarse que las regiones del oeste y centro del Pacífico tropical tienen una estrecha relación en oscilaciones menores a 8 años y en oscilaciones alrededor de 12 años pero notables desacoples son detectados en el resto del espacio de frecuencias. Por otra parte, la relación entre las regiones del oeste y del este del Pacífico tropical es significativa sólo en oscilaciones menores a 8 años con una clara interrupción durante la década de 1980. Importantes conexiones en oscilaciones interdecadales son detectadas entre las regiones del oeste y centro del Pacifico subtropical. En el Océano Atlántico se encuentran relaciones significativas en un amplio rango de frecuencias entre las regiones del oeste y, especialmente, entre las regiones tropicales mientras que en el Océano Indico solo se observan relaciones importantes entre áreas subtropicales en oscilaciones decadales e interdecadales. El análisis también revela fuertes conexiones entre las tres cuencas oceánicas en diferentes bandas de frecuencia.Relations among different regions of the Southern Hemisphere oceans in the whole time-frequency space during the last fifty years are studied applying the methodology of Wavelet Coherence Analysis to annual means of monthly anomalies of sea surface temperature. Among the most relevant results, it must be mentioned that the western and central regions of the tropical Pacific have a close relation in oscillations shorter than 8 years and in oscillations around 12 years but important disconnections are detected in the rest of the space of frequencies

Prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre las medicas y enfermeras de la comunidad de Madrid

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Fernández Ruiz Mª Luisa

1999-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: El tabaquismo es responsable de una elevada mortalidad y morbilidad en nuestro pais. El tabaquismo de los profesionales de la salud tiene influencia sobre los hábitos de la población. En España, el tabaquismo esta incrementándose entre las mujeres. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es estudiar la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre las médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid, así como sus actitudes y conocimientos respecto al tabaquismo. MÉTODOS: Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo transversal entre las mujeres profesionales de la salud (médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid, mediante una encuesta sobre hábito tabáquico, en un muestreo polietápico por conglomerados. RESULTADOS: Se han estudiado 1.235 profesionales ( 435 médicas y 800 enfermeras. El 43,07% del total son fumadoras, siendo el tabaquismo mayor en las enfermeras (47,62% que en las médicas (34,71%, y entre quienes trabajan en atención especializada (46,68% que entre las que lo hacen en atención primaria (35,29%. El tabaquismo fue diferente en ambas profesiones.según la edad En las médicas era menor tabaquismo en las edades entre 20 y 30 años (22,88%, y en las enfermeras este grupo de edad era el que tenia un mayor porcentaje de fumadoras (52,38%. Eran exfumadoras el 18,3% del total de las encuestadas, y el 64,65% de las que fumaban señalaron que habían intentado dejarlo. Un 2,93% fumaban delante de los/as pacientes, y un 14,94% pensaban que debía permitirse fumar en las salas de espera. El 27,46% creían que estaba permitido fumar en su area de trabajo, y el 90,64% señaló que se fumaba habitualmente en las salas de uso común del personal sanitario, y un 30,37% respondió que existía un lugar especifico para fumar en el centro de trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las profesionales de la salud, médicas y enfermeras, de la Comunidad de Madrid, es elevada, superior a la de la población general de igual edad

The duration of G1, S, G2, and mitosis at four different temperatures in Zea mays L. as measured with 3H-thymidine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verma, R.S.

1980-01-01

The effect of different temperatures on the duration of nuclear cycle in Zea mays (single cross hybrid 'Seneca 60') root meristem cells, was studied with autoradiographic techniques and it was shown that all component phases of the nuclear cycle are shortened by an increase in temperature from 20 to 35 0 C. The durations of total nuclear cycle at 20, 25, 30, and 35 0 C were 16.5, 9.9, 7.0, and 4.4 hours respectively while the durations of mitosis were 2.68, 1.10, 0.83, and 0.43 hours respectively. 85 - 90 percent of the nuclear cycle is required for interphase, while the remaining 10 - 15 percent of the cycle is occupied by mitosis. The mean mitotic indices at 20, 25, 30, and 35 0 C were 9.8, 9.1, 5.3, and 4.9 percent respectively. (author)

Dehydration stress memory genes of Zea mays; comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Background Pre-exposing plants to diverse abiotic stresses may alter their physiological and transcriptional responses to a subsequent stress, suggesting a form of “stress memory”. Arabidopsis thaliana plants that have experienced multiple exposures to dehydration stress display transcriptional behavior suggesting “memory” from an earlier stress. Genes that respond to a first stress by up-regulating or down-regulating their transcription but in a subsequent stress provide a significantly different response define the ‘memory genes’ category. Genes responding similarly to each stress form the ‘non-memory’ category. It is unknown whether such memory responses exists in other Angiosperm lineages and whether memory is an evolutionarily conserved response to repeated dehydration stresses. Results Here, we determine the transcriptional responses of maize (Zea mays L.) plants that have experienced repeated exposures to dehydration stress in comparison with plants encountering the stress for the first time. Four distinct transcription memory response patterns similar to those displayed by A. thaliana were revealed. The most important contribution is the evidence that monocot and eudicot plants, two lineages that have diverged 140 to 200 M years ago, display similar abilities to ‘remember’ a dehydration stress and to modify their transcriptional responses, accordingly. The highly sensitive RNA-Seq analyses allowed to identify genes that function similarly in the two lineages, as well as genes that function in species-specific ways. Memory transcription patterns indicate that the transcriptional behavior of responding genes under repeated stresses is different from the behavior during an initial dehydration stress, suggesting that stress memory is a complex phenotype resulting from coordinated responses of multiple signaling pathways. Conclusions Structurally related genes displaying the same memory responses in the two species would suggest conservation

Potentially toxic elements in foodcrops: Triticum aestivum L., Zea mays L.

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Bini, Claudio; Fontana, Silvia; Squizzato, Stefania; Minello, Fabiola; Fornasier, Flavio; Wahsha, Mohammad

2013-04-01

Soil is the basis of the ecosystems and of our system of food production. Crops can uptake heavy metals and potentially toxic elements from the soil and store them in the roots or translocate them to the aerial parts. Excessive content of these elements in edible parts can produce toxic effects and, through the food chain and food consumption, result in a potential hazard for human health. In this study soils and plants (spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. and maize, Zea mays L.) from a tannery district in North-East Italy were analyzed to determine pedological characters, soil microbial indicators and the content of some major and micro-nutrients and potentially toxic elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Zn, V). The soils of the area are moderately polluted; Cr is the most important inorganic contaminant, followed by Ni, Cu and V. Factor analysis evidenced that the contaminants are in part anthropogenic and in part geogenic. Major anthropogenic origin was detected for Cr, Ni (from industrial activities), Zn, Cu, Cd (from agriculture practices). Biological Absorption Coefficient (BAC) from soil to plant roots and Translocation factor (TF) within the plant were calculated; major nutrients (K, P, S) and some micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn) are easily absorbed and translocated, whilst other nutrients (Ca, Fe) and potentially toxic elements or micronutrients (Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, V) are not accumulated in the seeds of the two considered species. However, the two edible species proved differently able to absorb and translocate elements, and this suggests to consider separately every species as potential PHEs transporter to the food chain and to humans. Cr concentrations in seeds and other aerial parts (stem and leaves) of the examined plants are higher than the values found for the same species and for other cereals grown on unpolluted soils. Comparing the Cr levels in edible parts with recommended dietary intake, besides other possible Cr sources

Exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in zearalenone-treated rat sertoli cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Ming-Long; Hu, Jin; Guo, Bao-Ping; Niu, Ya-Ru; Xiao, Cheng; Xu, Yin-Xue

2016-12-01

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium. ZEA causes reproductive disorders and is both cytotoxic and genotoxic in animals; however, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism(s) leading to ZEA toxicity. Sertoli cells are somatic cells that support the development of spermatogenic cells. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of ZEA on the proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis of rat Sertoli cells to uncover signaling pathways underlying ZEA cytotoxicity. ZEA reduced the proliferation of rat Sertoli cells in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by a CCK8 assay, while flow cytometry revealed that ZEA caused both apoptosis and necrosis. Immunoblotting revealed that ZEA treatment increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, as well as the expression of FasL and caspases-3, -8, and -9, in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these data suggest that ZEA induced apoptosis and necrosis in rat Sertoli cells via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which ZEA exhibits cytotoxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1731-1739, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Phytotoxical effect of Lepidium draba L. extracts on the germination and growth of monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds.

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Kaya, Yusuf; Aksakal, Ozkan; Sunar, Serap; Erturk, Filiz Aygun; Bozari, Sedat; Agar, Guleray; Erez, Mehmet Emre; Battal, Peyami

2015-03-01

Laboratory experiments were performed to determine phytotoxic potentials of white top (Lepidium draba) methanol extracts (root, stem and leaf) on germination and early growth of corn (Zea mays) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Furthermore, the effects of different methanol extracts of L. draba on the phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin) levels of corn and redroot pigweed were investigated. It was observed that all concentrations of methanol extracts of root, stem and leaf of L. draba inhibited germination, radicle and plumule elongation when compared with the respective controls. Besides this, the degree of inhibition was increased in concert with increasing concentrations of extracts used. On the other hand, phytohormone levels changed with the application of different extract concentrations. Comparing with the control, the GA levels significantly decreased while the ABA levels increased in all the application groups. Zeatin and IAA levels showed changes depending upon the applied extracts and concentrations. © The Author(s) 2012.

Soil to plant 137Cs transfer factors in Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris in a semi-arid ecosystem from a radioactive waste site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cervantes, M.L.; Segovia, N.; Gaso, M.I.; Palacios, J.C.

2002-01-01

A study of 137 Cs in soil, maize plants, (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been performed at the confined Storage Centre for Radioactive Waste from Mexico. Under field conditions the site was divided in four zones with different soil contamination characteristics. The plants were grown 'in situ' reproducing the local agricultural practices without fertilizers, pesticides or artificial irrigation.The 137 Cs determinations were performed using a low background gamma spectrometry system with an HPGe detector. The results indicate that one of the zones had a striking 137 Cs contamination in the soil and the uptake by the grown plants showed the highest specific activities at the root. For the edible parts of the plants the amount of 137 Cs in the maize grains was one order of magnitude lower than for the beans. The transfer factors ranges for the different parts of the maize plants was from 0.001 in the grain to 0.6 in the root. (author)

Effect of metal tolerant plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and metal accumulation in Zea mays plants grown in fly ash amended soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Kalpna V; Patra, D D

2013-01-01

The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of the application of fly ash (FA) into Garden soil (GS), with and without inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), on the growth and metal uptake by Zea mays plants. Three FA tolerant PGPB strains, Pseudomonas sp. PS5, PS14, and Bacillus sp. BC29 were isolated from FA contaminated soils and assessed for their plant growth promoting features on the Z. mays plants. All three strains were also examined for their ability to solubilize phosphate and to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), siderophores, and hydrogencynide acid (HCN) production. Although inoculation of all strains significantly enhanced the growth of plants at both the concentration of FA but maximum growth was observed in plants inoculated with BC29 and PS14 at low level (25%) of FA concentration. The experimental results explored the plant growth promoting features of selected strains which not only enhanced growth and biomass of plants but also protected them from toxicity of FA.

Expression of a maize Myb transcription factor driven by a putative silk-specific promoter significantly enhances resistance to Helicoverpa zea in transgenic maize.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Eric T; Berhow, Mark A; Dowd, Patrick F

2007-04-18

Hi II maize (Zea mays) plants were engineered to express maize p1 cDNA, a Myb transcription factor, controlled by a putative silk specific promoter, for secondary metabolite production and corn earworm resistance. Transgene expression did not enhance silk color, but about half of the transformed plant silks displayed browning when cut, which indicated the presence of p1-produced secondary metabolites. Levels of maysin, a secondary metabolite with insect toxicity, were highest in newly emerged browning silks. The insect resistance of transgenic silks was also highest at emergence, regardless of maysin levels, which suggests that other unidentified p1-induced molecules likely contributed to larval mortality. Mean survivor weights of corn earworm larvae fed mature browning transgenic silks were significantly lower than weights of those fed mature nonbrowning transgenic silks. Some transgenic pericarps browned with drying and contained similar molecules found in pericarps expressing a dominant p1 allele, suggesting that the promoter may not be silk-specific.

La discapacidad entre poblaciones refugiadas y afectadas por conflictos

OpenAIRE

Reilly, Rachael

2010-01-01

La Comisión de Mujeres Refugiadas lanzó en el año 2007 un importante proyecto de investigación para evaluar la situación de las personas con discapacidad entre las poblaciones desplazadas o afectadas por conflictos.

Hydrogen sulfide enhances nitric oxide-induced tolerance of hypoxia in maize (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Renyi; Bian, Zhiyuan; Zhou, Lina; Cheng, Wei; Hai, Na; Yang, Changquan; Yang, Tao; Wang, Xinyu; Wang, Chongying

2016-11-01

Our data present H 2 S in a new role, serving as a multi-faceted transducer to different response mechanisms during NO-induced acquisition of tolerance to flooding-induced hypoxia in maize seedling roots. Nitric oxide (NO), serving as a secondary messenger, modulates physiological processes in plants. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been demonstrated to have similar signaling functions. This study focused on the effects of treatment with H 2 S on NO-induced hypoxia tolerance in maize seedlings. The results showed that treatment with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) enhanced survival rate of submerged maize roots through induced accumulation of endogenous H 2 S. The induced H 2 S then enhanced endogenous Ca 2+ levels as well as the Ca 2+ -dependent activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), improving the capacity for antioxidant defense and, ultimately, the hypoxia tolerance in maize seedlings. In addition, NO induced the activities of key enzymes in H 2 S biosynthesis, such as L-cysteine desulfhydrases (L-CDs), O-acetyl-L-serine (thiol)lyase (OAS-TL), and β-Cyanoalanine Synthase (CAS). SNP-induced hypoxia tolerance was enhanced by the application of NaHS, but was eliminated by the H 2 S-synthesis inhibitor hydroxylamine (HA) and the H 2 S-scavenger hypotaurine (HT). H 2 S concurrently enhanced the transcriptional levels of relative hypoxia-induced genes. Together, our findings indicated that H 2 S serves as a multi-faceted transducer that enhances the nitric oxide-induced hypoxia tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.).

Epigenetic variation, inheritance, and parent-of-origin effects of cytosine methylation in maize (Zea mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Lauria, Massimiliano; Piccinini, Sara; Pirona, Raul; Lund, Gertrud; Viotti, Angelo; Motto, Mario

2014-03-01

Pure epigenetic variation, or epigenetic variation that is independent of genetic context, may provide a mechanism for phenotypic variation in the absence of DNA mutations. To estimate the extent of pure epigenetic variation within and across generations and to identify the DNA regions targeted, a group of eight plants derived from a highly inbred line of maize (Zea mays) was analyzed by the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique. We found that cytosine methylation (mC) differences among individuals accounted for up to 7.4% of CCGG sites investigated by MSAP. Of the differentially methylated fragments (DMFs) identified in the S0 generation, ∼12% were meiotically inherited for at least six generations. We show that meiotically heritable mC variation was consistently generated for an average of 0.5% CCGG sites per generation and that it largely occurred somatically. We provide evidence that mC variation can be established and inherited in a parent-of-origin manner, given that the paternal lineage is more prone to both forward and reverse mC changes. The molecular characterization of selected DMFs revealed that the variation was largely determined by CG methylation changes that map within gene regions. The expression analysis of genes overlapping with DMFs did not reveal an obvious correlation between mC variation and transcription, reinforcing the idea that the primary function of gene-body methylation is not to control gene expression. Because this study focuses on epigenetic variation in field-grown plants, the data presented herein pertain to spontaneous epigenetic changes of the maize genome in a natural context.

Test de Rorscharch: respuestas diferenciales entre pacientes con y sin intento suicida

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Alejandro Cuadra-Peralta

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar respuestas diferenciales entre grupos de No-pacientes, pacientes diagnosticados con Depresión, pacientes diagnosticados con Trastorno de Personalidad y con Depresión y pacientes con intento suicida a través de los indicadores de la Escala de Potencial suicida, propuesto por Passalacqua, Herrera y Orcoyen (1997. La muestra total fue de 70 sujetos de sexo femenino, con grupos de aproximadamente 18 personas cada uno. Se encontró diferencia significativa en seis indicadores entre los cuatro grupos y en diez indicadores entre los pacientes con intento suicida y los demás participantes. Con estos indicadores se realizó un análisis discriminante, encontrándose una alta capacidad para diferenciar los diferentes subgrupos, en especial a grupo de pacientes con intento suicida y el resto de las personas. Se entrega una formula para calcular la probabilidad de pertenencia al grupo de intento de suicidio.

Comparación de caracteres corporales y del veneno de Bothrops alternatus entre poblaciones de las provincias de Buenos Aires y Entre Ríos, Argentina

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Rocco, Daniela Marisa

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Comparamos caracteres corporales y producción de veneno de ejemplares de Bothrops alternatus de una población aislada geográficamente (Olavarría, región de Tandilia, Buenos Aires con otra en su área de distribución continua de Concordia (Entre Ríos. Estudiamos el largo corporal, peso, separación entre dientes inoculadores, cantidad de veneno y de proteínas en el veneno por ejemplar. No se hallaron diferencias en los caracteres estudiados entre ambas poblaciones (p > 0.05. Las hembras fueron mayores que los machos en ambas muestras, entre un 12-18% (p 0.5; Olavarría: 142 ± 65 mg/animal, Concordia: 160 ± 80 mg/animal, aún ajustando la cantidad de veneno producida respecto al tamaño, mediante el cociente veneno/largo corporal (p >0.6. Tampoco hubo diferencias en el contenido proteico, siendo para ambas muestras de 0.697 ± 0.096 mg de proteínas/mg de veneno seco. Nuestros datos sugieren que los ejemplares de la población aislada de Tandilia no presentan variaciones en el tamaño corporal o en la cantidad de veneno producida, respecto a los ejemplares de Concordia. Some corporal characters and venom yield of adult specimens of Bothrops alternatus from the isolated region of Olavarría (Tandilian Region, Buenos Aires and the region of continuous distribution of Concordia (Entre Ríos were compared. Corporal length, weight, separation between fangs, venom yield by snake and the amount of protein in the venom were determined. No differences in the distinct characters from specimens from both regions were found (p > 0.05. Females were greater than males in both samples, 12-18% (p 0.5; Olavarría= 142 ± 65 mg / animal, Concordia= 161 ± 80 mg / animal even adjusting the venom yield with the corporal length by the relation mg of venom / corporal length (p > 0.6. No differences were observed in the protein content of the dry venom which was of 0.697 ± 0.096 mg of protein / mg of dry venom. From the study of these samples, it could be

Seed priming with KNO3 mediates biochemical processes to inhibit lead toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Nawaz, Fahim; Naeem, Muhammad; Akram, Asim; Ashraf, Muhammad Y; Ahmad, Khawaja S; Zulfiqar, Bilal; Sardar, Hasan; Shabbir, Rana N; Majeed, Sadia; Shehzad, Muhammad A; Anwar, Irfan

2017-11-01

Accumulation of lead (Pb) in agricultural soils has become a major factor for reduced crop yields and poses serious threats to humans consuming agricultural products. The present study investigated the effects of KNO 3 seed priming (0 and 0.5% KNO 3 ) on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings exposed to Pb toxicity (0, 1300 and 2550 mg kg -1 Pb). Pb exposure markedly reduced the growth of maize seedlings and resulted in higher Pb accumulation in roots than shoots. Pretreatment of seeds with KNO 3 significantly improved the germination percentage and increased physiological indices. A stimulating effect of KNO 3 seed priming was also observed on pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) of Pb-stressed plants. Low translocation of Pb from roots to shoots caused an increased accumulation of total free amino acids and higher activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in roots as compared to shoot, which were further enhanced by exogenous KNO 3 supply to prevent Pb toxicity. Maize accumulates more Pb in roots than shoot at early growth stages. Priming of seeds with KNO 3 prevents Pb toxicity, which may be exploited to improve seedling establishment in crop species grown under Pb contaminated soils. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Aphid-Infested Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings.

Science.gov (United States)

Sytykiewicz, Hubert

2016-02-23

Reduced forms of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are among the most important non-enzymatic foliar antioxidants in maize (Zea mays L.). The survey was aimed to evaluate impact of bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) or grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) herbivory on expression of genes related to ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in seedlings of six maize varieties (Ambrozja, Nana, Tasty Sweet, Touran, Waza, Złota Karłowa), differing in resistance to the cereal aphids. Relative expression of sixteen maize genes encoding isoenzymes of ascorbate peroxidase (APX1, APX2, APX3, APX4, APX5, APX6, APX7), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR1, MDHAR2, MDHAR3, MDHAR4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR1, DHAR2, DHAR3) and glutathione reductase (GR1, GR2) was quantified. Furthermore, effect of hemipterans' attack on activity of APX, MDHAR, DHAR and GR enzymes, and the content of reduced and oxidized ascorbate and glutathione in maize plants were assessed. Seedling leaves of more resistant Z. mays varieties responded higher elevations in abundance of target transcripts. In addition, earlier and stronger aphid-triggered changes in activity of APX, MDHAR, DHAR and GR enzymes, and greater modulations in amount of the analyzed antioxidative metabolites were detected in foliar tissues of highly resistant Ambrozja genotype in relation to susceptible Tasty Sweet plants.

Transcriptomic Profiling of the Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaf Response to Abiotic Stresses at the Seedling Stage.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Pengcheng; Cao, Wei; Fang, Huimin; Xu, Shuhui; Yin, Shuangyi; Zhang, Yingying; Lin, Dezhou; Wang, Jianan; Chen, Yufei; Xu, Chenwu; Yang, Zefeng

2017-01-01

Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat, and cold, negatively affect maize ( Zea mays L.) development and productivity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to abiotic stresses in maize, RNA-seq was used for global transcriptome profiling of B73 seedling leaves exposed to drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress. A total of 5,330 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in differential comparisons between the control and each stressed sample, with 1,661, 2,019, 2,346, and 1,841 DEGs being identified in comparisons of the control with salinity, drought, heat, and cold stress, respectively. Functional annotations of DEGs suggested that the stress response was mediated by pathways involving hormone metabolism and signaling, transcription factors (TFs), very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid signaling, among others. Of the obtained DEGs (5,330), 167 genes are common to these four abiotic stresses, including 10 up-regulated TFs (five ERFs, two NACs, one ARF, one MYB, and one HD-ZIP) and two down-regulated TFs (one b-ZIP and one MYB-related), which suggested that common mechanisms may be initiated in response to different abiotic stresses in maize. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of maize leaf responses to abiotic stresses and could be useful for developing maize cultivars resistant to abiotic stresses.

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of sunflower on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays l.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muhammad, Z.; Mujeed, A.

2014-01-01

Sunflower is a potent allelopathic plant which possesses important allelochemicals with known allelopathic activity on other plants. In this study, allelopathic effects of fresh aqueous extracts (FAE) and air dried aqueous extracts (DAE) of root, shoot and leaves of sunflower (Halianthus annuus L.) were investigated on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in seed bioassay experiments carried out at Botany Department of Peshawar University during 2010. Results showed significantly inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts on seed germination, growth and dry biomass of seedlings of wheat and maize. In wheat seedlings, significant germination inhibition (15.21%), increased mean germination time (MGT) (57.76%), reduced plumule and radical growth (21.66 and 28.44%) and lowered seedlings dry biomass (31.05%) were recorded under dry aqueous extracts of leaf when compared to control. Germination percentage of maize was inhibited by dry aqueous extracts of leaf by 7.81%, germination index by 16.51%, increased MGT by 25.53%, decreased plumule and radical lengths by 29.00 and 36.12% respectively, and lowered maize seedling dry biomass by 34.02 %. In both experiments, dry aqueous extracts (DAE) were more phytotoxic than fresh aqueous extracts (FAE). Similarly, inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of different parts of sunflower were recorded in the order leaf > shoot > root for both tested plants. (author)

Fatores associados à Síndrome de Burnout entre profissionais intensivistas de hospital universitário.

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Claidson Felipe Campanha ALKIMIM

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar prevalências da Síndrome de Burnout (SB e dimensões -exaustão emocional (EE, despersonalização (DE e baixa realização profissional (BRP- entre profissionais intensivistas e identificar suas associações com variáveis individuais, ocupacionais e organizacionais. Métodos: Estudo analítico entre intensivistas de hospital universitário de Montes Claros-MG. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados Maslach Burnout Inventory, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e questionário “variáveis individuais, ocupacionais e organizacionais”. Resultados: As prevalências da SB e dimensões (EE-DE-BRP foram respectivamente: 34,0%; 16,9%; 19,4% e 17,9%. Por análise multivariada registrou-se maior chance de desenvolver SB entre homens às mulheres; pessoas que identificam o trabalho como “às vezes/quase sempre/sempre” estressante àquelas que o identificam como “nunca/quase nunca” estressante; e pessoas que “não concordam e nem discordam/concordam em parte/concordam totalmente” que escolheriam outra profissão com a mesma remuneração àquelas que “discordam totalmente/em parte” na escolha de outra profissão. Maior chance de desenvolver EE: entre “solteiros/divorciados/desquitados” aos casados; entre os que têm “ruim/regular” motivação com o trabalho àqueles cuja motivação é “boa/muito boa/excelente”; e entre aqueles que percebem que “às vezes/quase sempre/sempre” as pessoas são tratadas desigualmente àqueles que percebem que “nunca/quase nunca” existe tratamento desigual. Maior chance de desenvolver DE: entre aqueles que “nunca consumiram bebida alcóolica” àqueles que “consomem/não consomem mais”; e entre aqueles com “ruim/regular” expectativa profissional àqueles com expectativa “boa/muito boa/excelente”. Conclusão: As prevalências registradas são preocupantes sendo que SB e dimensão DE associaram-se às variáveis individuais e ocupacionais e EE

Reduced-portion entrées in a worksite and restaurant setting: impact on food consumption and waste.

Science.gov (United States)

Berkowitz, Sarah; Marquart, Len; Mykerezi, Elton; Degeneffe, Dennis; Reicks, Marla

2016-11-01

Large portion sizes in restaurants have been identified as a public health risk. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether customers in two different food-service operator segments (non-commercial worksite cafeteria and commercial upscale restaurant) would select reduced-portion menu items and the impact of selecting reduced-portion menu items on energy and nutrient intakes and plate waste. Consumption and plate waste data were collected for 5 weeks before and 7 weeks after introduction of five reduced-size entrées in a worksite lunch cafeteria and for 3 weeks before and 4 weeks after introduction of five reduced-size dinner entrées in a restaurant setting. Full-size entrées were available throughout the entire study periods. A worksite cafeteria and a commercial upscale restaurant in a large US Midwestern metropolitan area. Adult worksite employees and restaurant patrons. Reduced-size entrées accounted for 5·3-12·8 % and 18·8-31·3 % of total entrées selected in the worksite and restaurant settings, respectively. Food waste, energy intake and intakes of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, Na, fibre, Ca, K and Fe were significantly lower when both full- and reduced-size entrées were served in the worksite setting and in the restaurant setting compared with when only full-size entrées were served. A relatively small proportion of reduced-size entrées were selected but still resulted in reductions in overall energy and nutrient intakes. These outcomes could serve as the foundation for future studies to determine strategies to enhance acceptance of reduced-portion menu items in restaurant settings.

Variabilidad espacial y temporal de larvas de jurel Trachurus murphyien el Perú entre 1966 –2010

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Patricia Ayón

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El análisis espacial y temporal de larvas de jurel Trachurus murphyien el mar peruano entre los años 1966 y 2010 confirma su presencia constante durante todo el periodo estudiado. En general, en este periodo la abundancia de larvas de jurel T. murphyimuestra una tendencia ligeramente ascendente destacándose cambios en la distribución espacial y una alta variabilidad interanual, con cortos periodos de alta abundancia promedio, intercalados con periodos más prolongados y de baja abundancia. El promedio anual estimado varió entre 3 y 79 larvas/ m2 . La distribución espacial presentó tres periodos importantes: uno con mayores densidades de larvas al sur de los 14°S, entre 1970 y 1979; cambió hacia el norte de esta latitud, entre 1980 y 1999; y otro de mayor densidad al sur de los 18°S, en el último periodo 2000 – 2010. Los centros de gravedad de la distribución de larvas presentaron tres periodos muy notorios: fueron más costeros hacia el sur de los 14°S, entre 1966 y1978; más oceánicos y al norte de los 14°S, entre 1979 y 1994; y con una posición intermedia entre 1995 – 2010. Se discute la relación entre la distribución de las larvas con las variables oceanográficas y la distribución de T. murphyiadultos y juveniles, además se destaca que el mar del Perú es un centro principal y permanente de actividad reproductiva de esta especie.

Expression Profiling of Selected Glutathione Transferase Genes in Zea mays (L.) Seedlings Infested with Cereal Aphids

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Sytykiewicz, Hubert; Chrzanowski, Grzegorz; Czerniewicz, Paweł; Sprawka, Iwona; Łukasik, Iwona; Goławska, Sylwia; Sempruch, Cezary

2014-01-01

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the expression patterns of selected glutathione transferase genes (gst1, gst18, gst23 and gst24) in the tissues of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties (relatively resistant Ambrozja and susceptible Tasty Sweet) that were colonized with oligophagous bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) or monophagous grain aphid (Sitobion avenae L.). Simultaneously, insect-triggered generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2 •−) in infested Z. mays plants was monitored. Quantified parameters were measured at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-initial aphid infestation (hpi) in relation to the non-infested control seedlings. Significant increases in gst transcript amounts were recorded in aphid-stressed plants in comparison to the control seedlings. Maximal enhancement in the expression of the gst genes in aphid-attacked maize plants was found at 8 hpi (gst23) or 24 hpi (gst1, gst18 and gst24) compared to the control. Investigated Z. mays cultivars formed excessive superoxide anion radicals in response to insect treatments, and the highest overproduction of O2 •− was noted 4 or 8 h after infestation, depending on the aphid treatment and maize genotype. Importantly, the Ambrozja variety could be characterized as having more profound increments in the levels of gst transcript abundance and O2 •− generation in comparison with the Tasty Sweet genotype. PMID:25365518

Effect of different chelated zinc sources on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.

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M. Tahir

2009-05-01

Full Text Available A field study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during spring, 2007 to evaluate the effect of different chelated zinc sources on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.. Crop was sown on well prepared soil in 1st week of March, 2007. The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised of different chelated zinc sources: ZnSO4-DTPA, ZnSO4-Fulvate, ZnSO4-Lignosulphonate, ZnSO4-EDTA and ZnSO4-H2O along with control (no zinc, repeated three times. Results showed that number of cobs plant-1, grain rows cob-1 and oil contents did not differ significantly. However, differences among treatments for plant height at harvest (cm, leaf area plant-1 (cm2, stem diameter (cm, cob length (cm, cob diameter (cm, 100-grains weight (g, number of grains cob-1, grains weight cob-1(g, biological yield (tons ha-1, grain yield (tons ha-1 and protein contents (% were significantly higher. Moreover, results also revealed that ZnSO4-DPTA was found the most effective Zn chelated source among all the treatments. Rest of the chelating agents were not too impressive as they showed varied response for different variables. The result of this experiment suggest further experimentation to explore behaviour of Zn-DTPA with other macro and micro nutrients and to calculate cost benefit ratio for use ofZn chelated compounds.

Convergencias y divergencias entre los sistemas interamericano y el europeo de derechos humanos

OpenAIRE

Gasparoto, Ana Lucía

2014-01-01

Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de puntear las convergencias y las divergencias existentes entre la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, encima con la adopción del Protocolo 11 del Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y las Libertades Fundamentales y su impacto en el Sistema Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Igualmente se analisa las relaciones entre las dos Cortes.

Das vizinhanças entre o feminino e a loucura

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Elizabeth Cristina Landi

Full Text Available O tema da loucura feminina se apresenta frequentemente na clínica psicanalítica por meio de sujeitos neuróticos. Questiona-se neste artigo as proximidades entre psicose e a loucura que se apresenta no discurso das mulheres neuróticas. As identificações iniciais, por meio das quais a criança se aliena ao desejo do Outro, determinam certa loucura, não restrita apenas aos psicóticos. Para um sujeito do sexo feminino, que passa pelo tortuoso processo de tornar-se mulher, a loucura é uma possibilidade, pois uma mulher, por encontrar-se dividida entre o gozo masculino e o feminino, se aproxima da loucura, mas é não louca-de-todo.

Genes candidatos para la comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos adictivos.

OpenAIRE

Gallego Moreno, Xavier

2008-01-01

Esta Tesis Doctoral ha consistido en el estudio de los mecanismos implicados en la comorbilidad entre el abuso de drogas y los trastornos de ansiedad, así como en las regiones cerebrales responsables de la coexistencia de estos dos trastornos en modelos transgénicos. Nos hemos centrado en dos grandes familias de genes, que podrían actuar como interfaz genético en la comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y de abuso de sustancias: neurotrofinas por su intervención en el neurodesarrollo y en...

La problematica de la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia y sus implicaciones en la educacion cientifica

Science.gov (United States)

Jimenez Tolentino, Dinorah

2011-12-01

En la sociedad prevalece una tendencia generalizada hacia la inclusion de creencias y practicas pseudocientificas. Esta investigacion responde a la necesidad de analizar como la proliferacion de las pseudociencias afecta la vision que tienen los estudiantes universitarios sobre las ciencias naturales. A tales efectos, la investigadora describe las concepciones epistemologicas que tienen los estudiantes sobre las ciencias y las pseudociencias e identifica los criterios de demarcacion, entre un area y otra, que se derivan de estas concepciones. De igual modo, esta identifica las creencias y practicas pseudocientificas de mayor arraigo entre los estudiantes, destacando, a su vez, la razon de ser de las mismas. Por ultimo, la investigadora analiza las implicaciones educativas de la problematica de la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia. La investigacion es de naturaleza mixta, enmarcada en los paradigmas empirico- analitico y cualitativo. El proceso investigativo se llevo a cabo mediante la administracion del cuestionario Criterios para la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia. La parte cualitativa estuvo enmarcada en el diseno de estudio de caso, recopilando informacion mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en dos grupos focales. La poblacion de estudio estuvo constituida por estudiantes universitarios del nivel subgraduado de la Universidad Central de Bayamon. Los resultados del estudio reflejaron las concepciones erroneas de los estudiantes sobre la naturaleza de las ciencias y las pseudociencias. Con respecto a la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia, el criterio imperante entre los universitarios es el de la verificabilidad, considerando la aplicacion del metodo cientifico como el metodo para demostrar la veracidad de las teorias cientificas. Las creencias y practicas pseudocientificas no son muy frecuentes entre los universitarios. Estos atribuyen las mismas a la prevalencia de elementos supersticiosos y al engano a que es sometida la poblacion

RELAÇÕES ENTRE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM NA EJA

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José Moisés Nunes da Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma distinção clara e objetiva entre os processos de ensinar e aprender. Nessa perspectiva, primeiramente destaca a educação no contexto e como parte integrante dos processos de transformações do mundo contemporâneo. Em seguida, sustentado por diversos autores, discute-se a distinção entre ensinar e aprender. Espera-se contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica docente e da necessidade de melhoria do processo de ensino e aprendizagem a fim de possibilitar uma educação em consonância com a concepção de formação integral do cidadão, à medida que tal distinção seja introjetada pelos professores. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensinar. Aprender. Aprendizagem do jovem e do adulto.

Milk line as an indicator of the harvesting time of three hybrid seeds of corn (Zea mays L.

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Célio Trzeciak dos Santos

2005-03-01

Full Text Available The experiment was carried out to evaluate the time for harvesting seeds of three hybrids of corn (Zea mays L. at their best physiological quality and the use of the milk line as an indicator of the physiological seed maturity. Single hybrids CD 1723 and CD 5501 and double hybrid OC 705 seeds were collected for 59 days, every four days, starting 23 days after female flowering. Seed dry weight, moisture content, germination, vigour (cold and accelerated aging tests, black layer formation and seed milk line development were analysed. The harvesting time started 47 days after female flowering with high physiological quality of the seeds identified by a joint analysis of those seven characteristics of them. The milk line at stage 4 proved to be the best indicator of the time to harvest corn seeds for maximum physiological quality, because different stages of milk line development in corn seeds could be easily identified in the filed without any special equipment.O experimento foi conduzido durante o ano agrícola de 1996/97 em área experimental da Cooperativa de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Tecnológico (Coodetec, em Cascavel, Paraná, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da época de colheita de três híbridos de milho (Zea mays L. na qualidade fisiológica das sementes e o uso da linha de solidificação do endosperma como indicativo da maturidade fisiológica das sementes. O plantio foi realizado em 30 de setembro de 1996. Amostras de sementes dos híbridos simples CD 1723 e CD 5501, bem como do híbrido duplo OC 705, foram colhidas em intervalos de quatro dias, durante 59 dias, iniciando-se a colheita no vigésimo terceiro dia após o florescimento feminino. As características avaliadas nas sementes foram o acúmulo de matéria seca, o conteúdo de umidade, a germinação, o vigor (pelos testes de frio e de envelhecimento acelerado, a formação da camada preta e o desenvolvimento da linha de solidificação do endosperma. A colheita dos tr

Correlación entre dimensiones de personalidad de marca y la marca emocional Correlación entre dimensiones de personalidad de marca y la marca emocional

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José Luis Pirela

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Los resultados de la investigación permiten explicar la relación entre los conceptosteóricos de Personalidad de Marca y Marca Emocional. Se han utilizado lasCadenas de Farmacias y los Centros Comerciales como productos de referencia.Se adoptó un muestreo no probabilístico accidental, para totalizar 554 muestrasa través de la aplicación de un cuestionario vía entrevistas personales y correoelectrónico. Para el procesamiento de los datos se aplicó un análisis de correlaciónde rangos de Spearman entre los rasgos de las dimensiones de personalidad y lasreferencias de marca emocional. El 98,5 % de los pares de correlación estudiadospresentaron valores superiores a α = 0,48, que no evidenció una asociación signifi -cativa entre las variables de estudio; esto lleva a concluir que en este caso no existeuna clara asociación entre marca emocional y personalidad de marca.The results from this study allow us to explain the relation between the two theoretical concepts  of brand personality and emotional branding. Pharmacy franchises and shopping centers were used as product references. A non-accidental probablistic sampling was used, for a total of 554 samples gathered by means of a questionaire administered via in-person  interviews or by Internet. The data was processed by applying Spearman’s correlation of ranges analysis to compare the features of the dimensions of personality and the emotional branding references. 98.5% of the correlation pairs studied showed values above a = 0.48, which represented no signifi cant association between the two variables under consideration. This leads us to the conclusion that in this case no clear relation exists between emotional branding and brand personality

Association entre les hormones sexuelles, les marqueurs de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: Le présent travail se propose d'étudier la relation entre les hormones sexuelles, notamment l'oestradiol et l'indice de l'oestradiol libre, le sulfate de déhydroépiandrosterone et la sex hormone binding globulin, les marqueurs de remodelage osseux et la densité minérale osseuse chez une population de ...

Environmental materials for remediation of soils contaminated with lead and cadmium using maize (Zea mays L.) growth as a bioindicator.

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Yu; Huang, Zhanbin; Liu, Xiujie; Imran, Suheryani; Peng, Licheng; Dai, Rongji; Deng, Yulin

2016-04-01

Heavy metal pollution is a severe environmental problem. Remediation of contaminated soils can be accomplished using environmental materials that are low cost and environmentally friendly. We evaluated the individual and combination effects of humic acid (HA), super absorbent polymer (SAP), zeolite (ZE), and fly ash composites (FC) on immobilization of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. We also investigated long-term practical approaches for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. The biochemical and morphological properties of maize (Zea mays L.) were selected as biomarkers to assess the effects of environmental materials on heavy metal immobilization. The results showed that addition of test materials to soil effectively reduced heavy metal accumulation in maize foliage, improving chlorophyll levels, plant growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test materials reduced heavy metal injury to maize throughout the growth period. A synergistic effect from combinations of different materials on immobilization of Pb and Cd was determined based on the reduction of morphological and biochemical injuries to maize. The combination of zeolite and humic acid was especially effective. Treatment with a combination of HA + SAP + ZE + FC was superior for remediation of soils contaminated with high levels of Pb and Cd.

Analysis of growth patterns during gravitropic curvature in roots of Zea mays by use of a computer-based video digitizer

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, A. J.; Evans, M. L.

1986-01-01

A computer-based video digitizer system is described which allows automated tracking of markers placed on a plant surface. The system uses customized software to calculate relative growth rates at selected positions along the plant surface and to determine rates of gravitropic curvature based on the changing pattern of distribution of the surface markers. The system was used to study the time course of gravitropic curvature and changes in relative growth rate along the upper and lower surface of horizontally-oriented roots of maize (Zea mays L.). The growing region of the root was found to extend from about 1 mm behind the tip to approximately 6 mm behind the tip. In vertically-oriented roots the relative growth rate was maximal at about 2.5 mm behind the tip and declined smoothly on either side of the maximum. Curvature was initiated approximately 30 min after horizontal orientation with maximal (50 degrees) curvature being attained in 3 h. Analysis of surface extension patterns during the response indicated that curvature results from a reduction in growth rate along both the upper and lower surfaces with stronger reduction along the lower surface.

Studies on the growth and indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid content of Zea mays seedlings grown in microgravity

Science.gov (United States)

Schulze, A.; Jensen, P. J.; Desrosiers, M.; Buta, J. G.; Bandurski, R. S.

1992-01-01

Measurements were made of the fresh weight, dry weight, dry weight-fresh weight ratio, free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid, and free and conjugated abscisic acid in seedlings of Zea mays grown in darkness in microgravity and on earth. Imbibition of the dry kernels was 17 h prior to launch. Growth was for 5 d at ambient orbiter temperature and at a chronic accelerational force of the order of 3 x 10(-5) times earth gravity. Weights and hormone content of the microgravity seedlings were, with minor exceptions, not statistically different from seedlings grown in normal gravity. The tissues of the shuttle-grown plants appeared normal and the seedlings differed only in the lack of orientation of roots and shoots. These findings, based upon 5 d of growth in microgravity, cannot be extrapolated to growth in microgravity for weeks, months, and years, as might occur on a space station. Nonetheless, it is encouraging, for prospects of bioregeneration of the atmosphere and food production in a space station, that no pronounced differences in the parameters measured were apparent during the 5 d of plant seedling growth in microgravity.

Efektivitas Amelioran pada Lahan Gambut Terdegradasi untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Serapan NPK Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. var. saccharata

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Eni Maftu’ah

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of several of ameliorant formulas to increase plant growthand NPK uptake on sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata on degraded peatlands. The research was conducted in thegreenhouse of Balittra during May to July 2011. Sweet corn was planted in pot with soil taken from previously burnt peatin Kalampangan, Palangkaraya. The treatment consisted of two factors, i.e., combination of ameliorant (A1=80% chicken manure + 20% dolomite, A2=80% agricultural weeds + 20% dolomite, A3=80% mineral soil (Spodosol + 20% dolomite,A4=20% chicken manure + 20% agricultural weeds + 20% Eleocharis dulcis + 20% mineral soil + 20% dolomite, andA5=19% chicken manure + 71.5% mineral soil + 9.5% dolomite and application rates at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ton ha-1, arranged in a randomized complete block design, with 3 replications. The results showed that ameliorants and application rates affected growth and NPK uptake of sweet corn. Application of 20 ton ameliorant (80% chicken manure + 20% dolomite ha-1 produced the highest dry weight of root and shoot, and NPK uptake.Keywords: ameliorants, degraded peatland, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium

Relações entre geografia e natureza

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Jérome FOURNIER

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo aborda as relações entre geografia e natureza a partir dos seguintes tópicos: A geografia - uma ciência dos lugares e dos homens? Como definir a geografia física? A biogeografia e as relações com as disciplinas conexas. As contribuições da teoria da ecologia da paisagem. A paisagem deve ser estudada a partir de uma perspectiva sistêmica - geosistêmica, portanto interdisciplinar.

Os significados do uso de álcool entre jovens quilombolas

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Roseane Amorim da Silva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar los significados que tiene el consumo de alcohol entre los jóvenes de dos comunidades quilombolas, Castainho y Estivas, ubicadas en la ciudad de Garanhuns -PE (Brasil. La investigación fue de corte cualitativo y se desarrolló en dos etapas. En una primera etapa, se utilizó como técnica metodológica la observación participante durante nuestra inserción en las comunidades, y en la segunda etapa realizamos entrevistas semi-estructuradas a hombres y mujeres jóvenes. Para el análisis de los datos, se tomó como base teórica la interseccionalidad de los marcadores sociales de género, raza/etnia y clase social. Los jóvenes consumen alcohol en diferentes momentos y por diferentes razones: para divertirse, socializar entre pares, hacer frente a situaciones difíciles y/o enfrentar estados emocionales desagradables, entre otros. Es importante resaltar los efectos que estos marcadores sociales tienen en la vida de los jóvenes, lo cual también repercute en el consumo de alcohol y la necesidad de considerar estos factores en las prácticas de prevención y promoción de la salud para tratar de contribuir a la calidad de vida de la juventud.

Sonolência e consumo de carboidratos entre motoristas de caminhão

OpenAIRE

Andressa Juliane Martins

2013-01-01

Introdução - Há evidências de que o aumento do consumo de carboidratos esteja associado à sonolência. Quando realizado à noite, o consumo de carboidratos parece ser um fator que afeta o desempenho no trabalho. Paradoxalmente, o trabalho noturno levaria ao aumento da ingestão de alimentos ricos em carboidratos como consequência da privação de sono. Objetivo - Verificar a existência de correlação entre a sonolência e consumo de carboidratos entre motoristas de caminhão. Métodos - Participaram d...

ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE VALORES DE TRABAJO, INTERESES PROFESIONALES Y RASGOS DE PERSONALIDAD

OpenAIRE

Pinto, Lariana Paula; Noronha, Ana Paula Porto; Rueda, Fabián Javier Marín

2017-01-01

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre intereses profesionales y valores de trabajo, y entre valores de trabajo y rasgos de personalidad. Participaron 281 universitarios, con edad media de 23.97 años, de los cursos de Administración, Psicología, Filosofía y Teología, del Estado de San Pablo, Brasil. Fueron aplicados tres instrumentos (Escala de Evaluación de los Valores de Trabajo, Cuestionario de Búsqueda Auto-Dirigida y Batería Factorial de Personalidad). Los...

Autopercepção da saúde bucal entre idosos brasileiros Autopercepción de la salud bucal entre ancianos brasileños Self-perceived oral health among Brazilian elderly individuals

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Andréa Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima Martins

2010-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à autopercepção da saúde bucal entre idosos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se dados do Projeto SB Brasil, realizado em 20022003. Foi examinada e entrevistada amostra probabilística de 5.349 idosos de 65 a 74 anos agrupados em dentados e edentados. A variável dependente foi autopercepção da condição de saúde bucal e as independentes foram: local de moradia, características individuais, comportamentos relacionados à saúde, condições objetivas de saúde e condições subjetivas relacionadas à saúde. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas e análises de regressão linear múltipla hierárquica. RESULTADOS: Nos dois grupos a autopercepção da saúde bucal foi considerada positiva, apesar das precárias condições de saúde bucal entre os idosos. No modelo final, o local de moradia e as características individuais pouco contribuíram para explicar a variabilidade da autopercepção. Entre dentados, o uso de serviços odontológicos esteve associado ao desfecho, e as condições objetivas e subjetivas se mostraram associadas nos dois grupos. Entre dentados e edentados, o R² para o ambiente externo foi de 0,00; com o acréscimo das características individuais, respectivamente, 0,05 e 0,02; incluindo o comportamento relacionado à saúde, 0,06 e 0,03; acrescentando as condições objetivas de saúde, 0,11 e 0,04; adicionando as condições subjetivas relacionadas à saúde foram 0,50 e 0,43. Foi possível explicar 50% da variabilidade da autopercepção entre dentados e 43% entre edentados. CONCLUSÕES: Os principais fatores associados à autopercepção da saúde bucal como positiva nos dois grupos foram a autopercepção da aparência como ótima seguida pela autopercepção da mastigação como positiva. O terceiro fator associado, entre dentados, foi o relato de nenhuma necessidade de tratamento odontológico e, entre edentados, a autopercepção da fala.OBJETIVO: Identificar los

Ausencia de asociación entre marcadores inflamatorios y síntomas depresivos en adultos colombianos: un estudio transversal

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Gerardo Mantilla-Mora

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes: varios informes relacionan la presencia de asociación entre trastorno depresivo mayor y niveles séricos elevados de biomarcadores de inflamación. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre síntomas depresivos y los niveles séricos de proteína C reactiva (PCR e interleucina 6 (IL6. Metodología: se adelantó un estudio transversal entre los empleados adultos de una Escuela de Medicina. Para correlacionar los niveles de PCR e IL6 con el puntaje de la prueba CES-D, se utilizó regresión lineal y binomial. Resultados: un total de 159 personas participaron: 55.4% hombres, de entre 22 y 73 años de edad (media: 40.8 años. Hay asociación entre los IL6 > 3 pg/mL y obesidad, y entre el log de los niveles de PCR con ser mayor de 48 años y tener alteraciones inflamatorias de la cavidad oral. No se encontró asociación entre los niveles de PCR o IL6 con el puntaje de la CES-D. Conclusión: En esta población, no se encontró asociación entre los niveles séricos de IL6 y PCR con la presencia de síntomas depresivos.

Zearalenone detoxification by zearalenone hydrolase is important for the antagonistic ability of Clonostachys rosea against mycotoxigenic Fusarium graminearum

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kosawang, Chatchai; Karlsson, Magnus; Vélëz, Heriberto

2014-01-01

The fungus Clonostachys rosea is antagonistic against plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, which produces the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA). ZEA inhibits other fungi, and C. rosea can detoxify ZEA through the enzyme zearalenone lactonohydrolase (ZHD101). As the relevance...... wheat seedlings against foot rot caused by the ZEA-producing F. graminearum. These data show that ZEA detoxification by ZHD101 is important for the biocontrol ability of C. rosea against F. graminearum....

Cruzamiento interespecífico entre Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus en el laboratorio

OpenAIRE

Martínez López, Yanisley; Martinez Pérez, Yanet; Acosta Rodríguez, Miriam; Fuentes González, Omar

2014-01-01

Introducción: existen algunos estudios realizados para verificar el posible apareamiento interespecífico, pero solo algunos trabajos han obtenido resultados positivos en este fenómeno. Objetivo: probar la posibilidad de obtener huevos viables del cruce entre Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus. Métodos: experimentos de apareamiento recíproco entre Aedes aegypti procedentes del insectario del Departamento de Control de Vectores del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" y una población de A...

Effects of using phenotypic means and genotypic values in GGE biplot analyses on genotype by environment studies on tropical maize (Zea mays).

Science.gov (United States)

Granato, I S C; Fritsche-Neto, R; Resende, M D V; Silva, F F

2016-10-05

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the type and intensity of nutritional stress, and of the statistical treatment of the data, on the genotype x environment (G x E) interaction for tropical maize (Zea mays). For this purpose, 39 hybrid combinations were evaluated under low- and high-nitrogen and -phosphorus availability. The plants were harvested at the V6 stage, and the shoot dry mass was estimated. The variance components and genetic values were assessed using the restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction method, and subsequently analyzed using the GGE biplot method. We observed differences in the performances of the hybrids depending on both the type and intensity of nutritional stress. The results of relationship between environments depended on whether genotypic values or phenotypic means were used. The selection of tropical maize genotypes against nutritional stress should be performed for each nutrient availability level within each type of nutritional stress. The use of phenotypic means for this purpose provides greater reliability than do genotypic values for the analysis of the G x E interaction using GGE biplot.

Determinantes da Distribuição da (Desigualdade de Gênero entre os Estados Brasileiros

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Adriana Bruscato Bortoluzzo

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo A igualdade de gênero é fundamental para um desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. O Brasil, apesar de ser uma das maiores economias do mundo, ainda precisa de um grande avanço no sentido de conquistar uma sociedade mais igualitária entre homens e mulheres quando comparado a países do mesmo porte econômico. O presente estudo faz uma análise da evolução da igualdade de gênero no Brasil entre 1997 e 2012, e quais os impactos da globalização, do desenvolvimento econômico e de medidas de bem-estar sobre a distribuição da igualdade de gênero entre os estados brasileiros. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia econométrica de dados em painel. Os resultados mostram que a igualdade de gênero aumentou no período e que, além disso, a globalização, mensurada com base no investimento direto estrangeiro e no acesso da população a aparelhos de televisão, elevou a igualdade entre os sexos no Brasil.

Posibles relaciones entre el hábitat de Lycosa fasciiventris(Dufour) (Aranae, Lycosidae) y su comportamiento

OpenAIRE

Ortega Escobar, Joaquín

1986-01-01

Se describe el hábitat y los nidos de Lycosa fasciiventris DUFOUR (Araneae, lycosidae);asimismo se estudian algunos parámetros poblacionales de tres localizaciones: densidad, distan-cia entre nidos y proporción entre individuos adultos e individuos subadultos. Se estudia la correlación entre el tamaño de la araña y la profundidad y el diámetro delnido y se discute su relación con el comportamiento de la araña The habitat and nests of Lycosa fasciiventris DUFOUR (Araneae, Lycosidae) are ...

Effects of energy content and energy density of pre-portioned entrées on energy intake

OpenAIRE

Blatt, Alexandria D.; Williams, Rachel A.; Roe, Liane S.; Rolls, Barbara J.

2012-01-01

Pre-portioned entrées are commonly consumed to help control portion size and limit energy intake. The influence of entrée characteristics on energy intake, however, has not been well studied. We determined how the effects of energy content and energy density (ED, kcal/g) of pre-portioned entrées combine to influence daily energy intake. In a crossover design, 68 non-dieting adults (28 men and 40 women) were provided with breakfast, lunch, and dinner on one day a week for four weeks. Each meal...

Metamorfoses nas vanguardas: entre o homem e o animal

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Kelvin Falcão Klein

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho investiga a relação que se estabeleceu entre o homem e o animal no pensamento das vanguardas européias no início do século XX, principalmente o surrealismo, além de considerar uma parte de suas bases históricas e de suas sobrevivências na contemporaneidade. Partindo do caso de Édipo e da Esfinge, e das diferentes percepções críticas que gerou (desde Freud até Jacques Lacan e Giorgio Agamben, este trabalho reflete sobre as estratégias de afirmação do discurso da razão e da verdade na cultura ocidental, alcançando, com isso, o projeto de revistas de vanguarda como Acéphale e Minotaure. A categoria de metamorfose, na articulação com outros casos, é utilizada para considerar as implicações críticas do questionamento das fronteiras entre o homem e sua animalidade.

Perspectivas quanto a negociações entre israelenses e palestinos

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Heitor Figueiredo Sobral Torres

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Como a política externa norteamericana pode estimular novas dinâmicas nas negociações entre israelenses e palestinos.