Performa Supply Chain Emping Melinjo di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eni Istiyanti

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Emping melinjo was one of the agroindustry-products that had great potential to be developed. The industry of emping melinjo contributed more on economic growth in the reason of creating jobs and alleviate poverty. The purpose of this study was to describe the performance of supply chain of emping melinjo from upstream to downstream and analyze the efficiency of supply chain of emping melinjo in Bantul regency. Field study to obtain primary data was done through interviews with the practitioners of emping melinjo supply chain (including farmers and merchants of melinjo as well as producers and retailers of melinjo chips. The results of field studies then tabulated and analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using Linear Programming. The analysis showed that there were 37 supply chain networks of emping melinjo in Bantul. The practitioners of upstream supply chain were melinjo farmers, middlemen, traders, wholesalers, and retailers, while in the downstream, were emping melinjo producers, traders, small traders, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. The activities of the doer of emping melinjo supply chain includes purchasing, sales, harvesting, packaging, packing, stripping, storage, loading and unloading, transporting, sorting and grading. The flow of products and money in the supply chain of emping melinjo run smoothly, while the flow of information was sluggish. Based on linear programming analysis the cost of supply chain of emping melinjo would reach minimum level at Rp33,969,264 per week if the production of emping melinjo as many as 25 361 kg per week wich was distributed using 22 networks.

Design of a bounded wave EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse) simulator

Science.gov (United States)

Sevat, P. A. A.

1989-06-01

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) simulators are used to simulate the EMP generated by a nuclear weapon and to harden equipment against the effects of EMP. At present, DREO has a 1 m EMP simulator for testing computer terminal size equipment. To develop the R and D capability for testing larger objects, such as a helicopter, a much bigger threat level facility is required. This report concerns the design of a bounded wave EMP simulator suitable for testing large size equipment. Different types of simulators are described and their pros and cons are discussed. A bounded wave parallel plate type simulator is chosen for it's efficiency and the least environmental impact. Detailed designs are given for 6 m and 10 m parallel plate type wire grid simulators. Electromagnetic fields inside and outside the simulators are computed. Preliminary specifications for a pulse generator required for the simulator are also given. Finally, the electromagnetic fields radiated from the simulator are computed and discussed.

EMP protection procedure for electrical/electronic systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Latorre, V.R.

1976-01-01

This paper presents a procedure for the protection engineer to follow in assessing a system with respect to its susceptibility to an electromagnetic pulse (EMP), and in determining whether the system requires protection. If the system is determined to be vulnerable to EMP, the procedure also indicates how to decide upon the most suitable protection scheme. The discussion centers on two flow charts, which illustrate the step-by-step procedure which utilizes the necessary ingredients of EMP protection engineering discussed in a previous paper. The description of the protection procedure is divided into two parts: the first dealing with issues on the macroscopic or large-scale system level, while the second is concerned with operations on the subsystem level or lower

Did high-altitude EMP (electromagnetic pulse) cause the Hawaiian streetlight incident

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vittitoe, C N

1989-04-01

Studies of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects on civilian and military systems predict results ranging from severe destruction to no damage. Convincing analyses that support either extreme are rare. The Hawaiian streetlight incident associated with the Starfish nuclear burst is the most widely quoted observed damage. We review the streetlight characteristics and estimate the coupling between the Starfish EMP and a particular streetlight circuit identified as one of the few that failed. Evidence indicates that the damage was EMP-generated. The main contributing factors were the azimuthal angle of the circuit relative to the direction of EMP propagation, and the rapid rise of the EMP signal. The azimuthal angle provided coherent buildup of voltage as the EMP swept across the transmission line. The rapid rise allowed substantial excitation before the canceling effects of ground reflections limited the signals. Resulting voltages were at the threshold for causing the observed fuse damage and are consistent with this damage occurring in only some of the strings in the systems. 15 refs., 16 figs., 4 tabs.

78 FR 35073 - Compass Efficient Model Portfolios, LLC and Compass EMP Funds Trust; Notice of Application

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-11

... Balanced Fund, Compass EMP Multi-Asset Growth Fund, Compass EMP Alternative Strategies Fund, Compass EMP Balanced Volatility Weighted Fund, Compass EMP Growth Volatility Weighted Fund, and Compass EMP... Efficient Model Portfolios, LLC and Compass EMP Funds Trust; Notice of Application June 4, 2013. AGENCY...

Nuclear EMP induced chaos. [Effect of nuclear explosion on power and communication facilities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dance, B

1983-04-01

It is anticipated that a single nuclear explosion, of adequate size, on the outside of the atmosphere would generate a pulse of sufficient intensity to damage communications equipment (including telephones, radio transmitters and receivers), and to disrupt main power supplies. This damage could be done by a very intense, short duration electro-magnetic pulse (EMP). The article discusses the generation and history of EMP, the test facilities that are needed for EMP test, and techniques that can be used to harden equipment against EMP. It is also important to protect extensive systems against EMP. The article points out that fibre-optics are very useful, because they are EMP resistant and a single fibre can also carry a very high data rate.

EMP Threats to US National Security: Congressional Responses

Science.gov (United States)

Huessy, Peter

2011-04-01

The US Congress is considering how best to respond to concerns that EMP is a real and present danger to US security. The threats come from a variety of areas: solar storms, non-nuclear EMP from man-made machines and devices; and nuclear EMP from a nuclear device exploded above CONUS or other critical areas important to the United States and its allies. Responses have to date included passage in the House of legislation to protect the electrical grid in the United States from such threats and hearings before the Homeland Security Committee. Additional efforts include examining missile defense responses, protection of the maritime domain, and hardening of US military and related civilian infrastructure. The House of Representatives has also examined what Europe, the European Union and NATO, both government and private industry, have done in these areas. Complicating matters are related issues of cyber-security and overall homeland security priorities.

Nuclear EMP simulation for large-scale urban environments. FDTD for electrically large problems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, William S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bull, Jeffrey S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wilcox, Trevor [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bos, Randall J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Shao, Xuan-Min [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Goorley, John T. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Costigan, Keeley R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2012-08-13

In case of a terrorist nuclear attack in a metropolitan area, EMP measurement could provide: (1) a prompt confirmation of the nature of the explosion (chemical or nuclear) for emergency response; and (2) and characterization parameters of the device (reaction history, yield) for technical forensics. However, urban environment could affect the fidelity of the prompt EMP measurement (as well as all other types of prompt measurement): (1) Nuclear EMP wavefront would no longer be coherent, due to incoherent production, attenuation, and propagation of gamma and electrons; and (2) EMP propagation from source region outward would undergo complicated transmission, reflection, and diffraction processes. EMP simulation for electrically-large urban environment: (1) Coupled MCNP/FDTD (Finite-difference time domain Maxwell solver) approach; and (2) FDTD tends to be limited to problems that are not 'too' large compared to the wavelengths of interest because of numerical dispersion and anisotropy. We use a higher-order low-dispersion, isotropic FDTD algorithm for EMP propagation.

A cross-country Exchange Market Pressure (EMP dataset

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohit Desai

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The data presented in this article are related to the research article titled - “An exchange market pressure measure for cross country analysis” (Patnaik et al. [1]. In this article, we present the dataset for Exchange Market Pressure values (EMP for 139 countries along with their conversion factors, ρ (rho. Exchange Market Pressure, expressed in percentage change in exchange rate, measures the change in exchange rate that would have taken place had the central bank not intervened. The conversion factor ρ can interpreted as the change in exchange rate associated with $1 billion of intervention. Estimates of conversion factor ρ allow us to calculate a monthly time series of EMP for 139 countries. Additionally, the dataset contains the 68% confidence interval (high and low values for the point estimates of ρ’s. Using the standard errors of estimates of ρ’s, we obtain one sigma intervals around mean estimates of EMP values. These values are also reported in the dataset.

A cross-country Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) dataset.

Science.gov (United States)

Desai, Mohit; Patnaik, Ila; Felman, Joshua; Shah, Ajay

2017-06-01

The data presented in this article are related to the research article titled - "An exchange market pressure measure for cross country analysis" (Patnaik et al. [1]). In this article, we present the dataset for Exchange Market Pressure values (EMP) for 139 countries along with their conversion factors, ρ (rho). Exchange Market Pressure, expressed in percentage change in exchange rate, measures the change in exchange rate that would have taken place had the central bank not intervened. The conversion factor ρ can interpreted as the change in exchange rate associated with $1 billion of intervention. Estimates of conversion factor ρ allow us to calculate a monthly time series of EMP for 139 countries. Additionally, the dataset contains the 68% confidence interval (high and low values) for the point estimates of ρ 's. Using the standard errors of estimates of ρ 's, we obtain one sigma intervals around mean estimates of EMP values. These values are also reported in the dataset.

The integrated circuit IC EMP transient state disturbance effect experiment method investigates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Xiaowei

2004-01-01

Transient state disturbance characteristic study on the integrated circuit, IC, need from its coupling path outset. Through cable (aerial) coupling, EMP converts to an pulse current voltage and results in the impact to the integrated circuit I/O orifice passing the cable. Aiming at the armament system construction feature, EMP effect to the integrated circuit, IC inside the system is analyzed. The integrated circuit, IC EMP effect experiment current injection method is investigated and a few experiments method is given. (authors)

Promoter Hypermethylation of the EMP3 Gene in a Series of 229 Human Gliomas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Mellai

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in the critical region 19q13.3 for several solid tumors, including tumors of the nervous systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the EMP3 promoter hypermethylation status in a series of 229 astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors and in 16 GBM cell lines. The analysis was performed by methylation-specific PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Furthermore, the EMP3 expression at protein level was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. Associations of EMP3 hypermethylation with total 1p/19q codeletion, MGMT promoter hypermethylation, IDH1/IDH2 and TP53 mutations, and EGFR amplification were studied, as well as its prognostic significance. The EMP3 promoter hypermethylation has been found in 39.5% of gliomas. It prevailed in low-grade tumors, especially in gliomas with an oligodendroglial component, and in sGBMs upon pGBMs. In oligodendroglial tumors, it was strongly associated with both IDH1/IDH2 mutations and total 1p/19q codeletion and inversely with EGFR gene amplification. No association was found with MGMT hypermethylation and TP53 mutations. In the whole series, the EMP3 hypermethylation status correlated with 19q13.3 loss and lack of EMP3 expression at protein level. A favorable prognostic significance on overall survival of the EMP3 promoter hypermethylation was found in patients with oligodendroglial tumors.

The EMP excitation of radiation by the pulsed relativistic electron beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balakirev, V.A.; Sidelnikov, G.L.

1996-01-01

The mechanisms of excitation of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses (EMP) by short pulses of high-current relativistic electron beams were proposed and investigated. It is shown that the transformation efficiency of the bunch kinetic energy to the excited energy of the EMP can be very significant. (author). 2 figs., 4 refs

The EMP excitation of radiation by the pulsed relativistic electron beam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balakirev, V A; Sidelnikov, G L [Kharkov Inst. of Physics and Technology (Russian Federation)

1997-12-31

The mechanisms of excitation of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses (EMP) by short pulses of high-current relativistic electron beams were proposed and investigated. It is shown that the transformation efficiency of the bunch kinetic energy to the excited energy of the EMP can be very significant. (author). 2 figs., 4 refs.

sae is essential for expression of the staphylococcal adhesins Eap and Emp.

Science.gov (United States)

Harraghy, Niamh; Kormanec, Jan; Wolz, Christiane; Homerova, Dagmar; Goerke, Christiane; Ohlsen, Knut; Qazi, Saara; Hill, Philip; Herrmann, Mathias

2005-06-01

Eap and Emp are two Staphylococcus aureus adhesins initially described as extracellular matrix binding proteins. Eap has since emerged as being important in adherence to and invasion of eukaryotic cells, as well as being described as an immunomodulator and virulence factor in chronic infections. This paper describes the mapping of the transcription start point of the eap and emp promoters. Moreover, using reporter-gene assays and real-time PCR in defined regulatory mutants, environmental conditions and global regulators affecting expression of eap and emp were investigated. Marked differences were found in expression of eap and emp between strain Newman and the 8325 derivatives SH1000 and 8325-4. Moreover, both genes were repressed in the presence of glucose. Analysis of expression of both genes in various regulatory mutants revealed that sarA and agr were involved in their regulation, but the data suggested that there were additional regulators of both genes. In a sae mutant, expression of both genes was severely repressed. sae expression was also reduced in the presence of glucose, suggesting that repression of eap and emp in glucose-containing medium may, in part, be a consequence of a decrease in expression of sae.

Análisis semiótico en secuencias de interacción empáticas y no empáticas: un estudio microgenético

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Fossa

Full Text Available Resumen Este estudio tuvo por objetivo explorar y describir el proceso de regulación dialógica en interacciones conversacionales. Se registraron en video treinta díadas de estudiantes desconocidos entre sí en interacciones que tuvieron una manipulación orientada a generar una situación empática o bien no-empática. Se seleccionaron cuatro segmentos de conversación, dos por cada tipo de interacción. El texto fue analizado con un protocolo de análisis semiótico basado en el modelo de análisis propuesto por (Molina, 2007. Los resultados muestran que las interacciones empáticas se caracterizan por un proceso de coconstrucción de significados, con una adecuada administración de la tensión y una identificación con el signo lingüístico. Por otra parte, las interacciones no empáticas se caracterizan por la emergencia de signos lingüísticos que no continúan la secuencia de construcción de significados; con una alta tensión dialógica, y una estrategia de distanciamiento o abandono del campo de significado.

Emp is a component of the nuclear matrix of mammalian cells and undergoes dynamic rearrangements during cell division

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bala, Shashi; Kumar, Ajay; Soni, Shivani; Sinha, Sudha; Hanspal, Manjit

2006-01-01

Emp, originally detected in erythroblastic islands, is expressed in numerous cell types and tissues suggesting a functionality not limited to hematopoiesis. To study the function of Emp in non-hematopoietic cells, an epitope-tagged recombinant human Emp was expressed in HEK cells. Preliminary studies revealed that Emp partitioned into both the nuclear and Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeletal fractions in approximately a 4:1 ratio. In this study, we report investigations of Emp in the nucleus. Sequential extractions of interphase nuclei showed that recombinant Emp was present predominantly in the nuclear matrix. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that Emp was present in typical nuclear speckles enriched with the spliceosome assembly factor SC35 and partially co-localized with actin staining. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST-pull-down assays confirmed the apparent close association of Emp with nuclear actin. During mitosis, Emp was detected at the mitotic spindle/spindle poles, as well as in the contractile ring during cytokinesis. These results suggest that Emp undergoes dynamic rearrangements within the nuclear architecture that are correlated with cell division

Gel shift analysis of the empA promoter region in Vibrio anguillarum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denkin Steven M

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The induction of metalloprotease encoded by empA in Vibrio anguillarum occurs at high cell density in salmon intestinal mucus. Previously we have shown that there are significant differences in empA expression in two strains of V. anguillarum, M93Sm and NB10. It is hypothesized that differences in empA regulation are due to differences in binding of regulatory elements. Results Two strains of V. anguillarum, M93Sm and NB10, were examined and compared for the presence of DNA regulatory proteins that bind to and control the empA promoter region. Gel mobility shift assays, using a digoxigenin (DIG-labeled oligomer containing a lux box-like element and the promoter for empA, were done to demonstrate the presence of a DNA-binding protein. Protein extracts from NB10 cells incubated in Luria Bertani broth + 2% NaCl (LB20, nine salts solution + 200 μg/ml mucus (NSSM, 3M (marine minimal medium, or NSS resulted in a gel mobility shift. No gel mobility shift was seen when protein extracts from either LB20- or NSSM-grown M93Sm cells were mixed with the DIG-labeled empA oligomer. The azocasein assay detected protease activity in all incubation conditions for NB10 culture supernatants. In contrast, protease activity was detected in M93Sm culture supernatants only when incubated in NSSM. Since the luxR homologue in V. anguillarum, vanT, has been cloned, sequenced, and shown to be required for protease activity, we wanted to determine if vanT mutants of NB10 exhibit the same gel shift observed in the wild-type. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create vanT mutants in V. anguillarum M93Sm and NB10 to test whether VanT is involved with the gel mobility shift. Both vanT mutants, M02 and NB02, did not produce protease activity in any conditions. However, protein extracts from NB02 incubated in each condition still exhibited a gel shift when mixed with the DIG-labeled empA oligomer. Conclusions The data demonstrate that protein extracts of V

Mesothelioma and other lung disease in taconite miners; the uncertain role of non-asbestiform EMP.

Science.gov (United States)

Mandel, Jeffrey H; Odo, Nnaemeka U

2018-04-10

The purpose of this paper was to assess the role of non-asbestiform amphibole EMPs in the etiology of mesotheliomas and other lung disease in taconite (iron ore) miners. Increased mesothelioma rates have been described in Minnesota taconite workers since the late 1990s. Currently, over 100 cases have been reported by the Minnesota Department of Health within the complete cohort of miners in Minnesota. Geologic sampling has indicated that only the eastern part of the iron range contains non-asbestiform amphibole elongate mineral particles (EMPs), in close proximity to the ore. This type of EMP has been less studied and also exists in talc and gold mining. A series of investigations into the state's taconite industry have been recently completed. Results from a cohort mortality study indicated an SMR of 2.77 (95% CI = 1.87-3.96) for mesothelioma. In a case-control study, the odds ratio for mesothelioma for high vs. low EMP exposure was 2.25 (5% CI = 1.13-4.5) but EMPs in this study were counted by phase contrast microscopy. Odds ratios were not elevated in mines located in the eastern part of the Mesabi iron range. The overall findings suggest that mesothelioma in taconite miners is related to EMP exposure. Because of the way EMPs were counted, results from these studies cannot allow a firm conclusion about the association between EMP exposure and the reported excess mesothelioma. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Studies of Effect Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulses (EMP) in Operating Nuclear Power Plants (NPP)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ye, Song Hae; Ryu, Ho Sun; Kim, Min Yi; Lee, Eui Jong [KHNP, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The effect analysis of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) has been studied for the past year by the Central Research Institute of Korea Hydro Nuclear Power Co. (KHNP) in order to better establish safety measures in operating nuclear power plants. What is an electromagnetic pulse (EMP)? As a general term for high-power electromagnetic radiation, it refers to strong electromagnetic pulses that destroy only electronic equipment devices in a short period without loss of life. The effect analysis of EMPs in operating NPPs and their corresponding safety measures in terms of selecting target devices against EMP impact have been examined in this paper. In general, domestic nuclear power plants do apply the design of fail-safe concepts. For example, if key instruments of a system fail because of EMPs, the control rods of a nuclear reactor are dropped automatically in order to maintain safe conditions of the NPP. Reactor cooling presents no problem because the diesel generator will adopt the analog starting circuit least affected by the electromagnetic waves.

The Establishment of Object Selection Criteria for Effect Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) in Operating Nuclear Power Plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ye, Song Hae; Ryu, Hosun; Kim, Minyi; Lee, Euijong [KHNP CRI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) can be used as a strategic weapon by inducing damaging voltage and currents that the electrical circuits are not designed to withstand. EMPs are lethal to electronic systems. All EMP events have three common components: a source, coupling path, and receptor. It can also travel across power grids, destroying electronics as it passes in less than a second. There have been no research studies on the effect analysis for EMP in domestic nuclear power plants and power grids. To ensure the safety of operating nuclear power plants in this environment, the emission of EMP is needed for the effect analysis and safety measures against EMPs. Actually, it is difficult and inefficient to conduct the effect analysis of EMP with all the equipment and systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Therefore, this paper presents the results of establishing the object selection criteria for the effect analysis of EMP in operating nuclear power plants through reviewing previous research in the US and the safety related design concepts in domestic NPPs. It is not necessary to ensure the continued operation of the plant in intense multiple EMP environments. The most probable effect of EMP on a modern nuclear power plant is an unscheduled shutdown. EMP may also cause an extended shutdown by the unnecessary activation of some safety related systems. In general, EMP can be considered a nuisance to nuclear plants, but it is not considered a serious threat to plant safety. The results of EMP effect analysis show less possibility of failure in the tested individual equipment. It was also confirmed that there is no possibility of simultaneous failure for devices in charge of the safety shutdown in the NPP.

Development of a new EMP code at LANL

Science.gov (United States)

Colman, J. J.; Roussel-Dupré, R. A.; Symbalisty, E. M.; Triplett, L. A.; Travis, B. J.

2006-05-01

A new code for modeling the generation of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) by a nuclear explosion in the atmosphere is being developed. The source of the EMP is the Compton current produced by the prompt radiation (γ-rays, X-rays, and neutrons) of the detonation. As a first step in building a multi- dimensional EMP code we have written three kinetic codes, Plume, Swarm, and Rad. Plume models the transport of energetic electrons in air. The Plume code solves the relativistic Fokker-Planck equation over a specified energy range that can include ~ 3 keV to 50 MeV and computes the resulting electron distribution function at each cell in a two dimensional spatial grid. The energetic electrons are allowed to transport, scatter, and experience Coulombic drag. Swarm models the transport of lower energy electrons in air, spanning 0.005 eV to 30 keV. The swarm code performs a full 2-D solution to the Boltzmann equation for electrons in the presence of an applied electric field. Over this energy range the relevant processes to be tracked are elastic scattering, three body attachment, two body attachment, rotational excitation, vibrational excitation, electronic excitation, and ionization. All of these occur due to collisions between the electrons and neutral bodies in air. The Rad code solves the full radiation transfer equation in the energy range of 1 keV to 100 MeV. It includes effects of photo-absorption, Compton scattering, and pair-production. All of these codes employ a spherical coordinate system in momentum space and a cylindrical coordinate system in configuration space. The "z" axis of the momentum and configuration spaces is assumed to be parallel and we are currently also assuming complete spatial symmetry around the "z" axis. Benchmarking for each of these codes will be discussed as well as the way forward towards an integrated modern EMP code.

Kemasan Menarik dan Internet Marketing untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Jual Emping Garut sebagai Produk Unggulan Kabupaten Sragen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sari Purnavita

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Tanaman garut termasuk dalam jenis umbi-umbian yang banyak ditanam oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di Kecamatan Gesi, Kabupaten Sragen. Di Kabupaten Sragen terdapat beberapa industri rumah tangga emping garut, dua di antaranya yang memiliki motivasi sangat besar untuk berkembang adalah UKM emping garut “Sumber Rejeki” dan UKM emping garut “Fadilah”. Permasalahan kedua UKM adalah keterbatasan inovasi rasa emping garut, kemasan sangat sederhana, dan sistem pemasaran masih tradisional sehingga sehingga omzet penjualan dan nilai jual produk masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan omzet penjualan dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan inovasi dan teknologi pengemasan, teknologi seasoning dengan bumbu tabur, dan memperluas pemasaran dengan media internet. Produk emping garut yang dikemas secara menarik, inovasi produk emping garut aneka rasa, dan pemasaran dengan media internet melalui blogspot dapat menenbus pemasaran secara luas baik di toko-toko besar, harga jual produk meningkat 50%,dan omzet penjualan meningkat 100%.

Down-regulation of EMP1 is associated with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia in nasal polyps.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Xue Min; Li, Chun Wei; Li, Ying Ying; Liu, Jing; Lin, Zhi Bin; Li, Tian Ying; Zhao, Li; Pan, Xin Liang; Shi, Li; Wang, De Yun

2013-11-01

The aim of this study was to assess protein and mRNA expression of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyps (NP), and to determine what changes occur in response to glucocorticosteroid (GC) treatment. NP tissue was obtained from 55 patients, 18 of whom were treated with nasal GCs (i.e. these 18 patients had NP biopsies taken before and after treatment). Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa from 30 healthy subjects were used as controls. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression levels of EMP1. EMP1 mRNA expression was significantly lower (2.77-fold) in tissues from NP patients before GC treatment when compared to controls, but was increased in these patients after GC treatment. EMP1 staining in nasal epithelium co-localized with both basal (p63(+)) and differentiated (CK18(+)) epithelial cells. Their immunoreactivity was significantly greater in controls than NP patients. EMP1 mRNA levels were lower in the epithelium with severe hyperplasia (1.79-fold) or with metaplasia (1.85-fold) as compared to those with mild to moderate hyperplasia or non-metaplastic epithelium, respectively. Positive correlations between EMP1 and other epithelial cell-related gene (e.g. JUN, PTGS2, AREG etc.) mRNAs were observed. EMP1 could be a biomarker for aberrant epithelial remodelling and metaplasia in chronic inflammatory upper airway mucosa (e.g. NP). © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Exponential Megapriming PCR (EMP) Cloning—Seamless DNA Insertion into Any Target Plasmid without Sequence Constraints

Science.gov (United States)

Ulrich, Alexander; Andersen, Kasper R.; Schwartz, Thomas U.

2012-01-01

We present a fast, reliable and inexpensive restriction-free cloning method for seamless DNA insertion into any plasmid without sequence limitation. Exponential megapriming PCR (EMP) cloning requires two consecutive PCR steps and can be carried out in one day. We show that EMP cloning has a higher efficiency than restriction-free (RF) cloning, especially for long inserts above 2.5 kb. EMP further enables simultaneous cloning of multiple inserts. PMID:23300917

Exponential megapriming PCR (EMP cloning--seamless DNA insertion into any target plasmid without sequence constraints.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Ulrich

Full Text Available We present a fast, reliable and inexpensive restriction-free cloning method for seamless DNA insertion into any plasmid without sequence limitation. Exponential megapriming PCR (EMP cloning requires two consecutive PCR steps and can be carried out in one day. We show that EMP cloning has a higher efficiency than restriction-free (RF cloning, especially for long inserts above 2.5 kb. EMP further enables simultaneous cloning of multiple inserts.

The development of the time dependence of the nuclear EMP electric field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eng, C.

2009-01-01

The nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) electric field calculated with the legacy code CHAP is compared with the field given by an integral solution of Maxwell's equations, also known as the Jefimenko equation, to aid our current understanding on the factors that affect the time dependence of the EMP. For a fair comparison the CHAP current density is used as a source in the Jefimenko equation. At first, the comparison is simplified by neglecting the conduction current and replacing the standard atmosphere with a constant density air slab. The simplicity of the resultant current density aids in determining the factors that affect the rise, peak and tail of the EMP electric field versus time. The three dimensional nature of the radiating source, i.e. sources off the line-of-sight, and the time dependence of the derivative of the current density with respect to time are found to play significant roles in shaping the EMP electric field time dependence. These results are found to hold even when the conduction current and the standard atmosphere are properly accounted for. Comparison of the CHAP electric field with the Jefimenko electric field offers a direct validation of the high-frequency/outgoing wave approximation.

Nuclear EMP induced chaos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dance, B

1983-08-01

In the event of nuclear war, the availability of first class communications facilities and of reliable electricity supplies would be of absolutely vital importance to any of the population surviving the first onslaught not only for their own welfare, but also for the preservation of their nation's retaliation deterrent capability. However, it is to be expected that a single nuclear explosion of adequate size on the outside of the atmosphere would generate a pulse of sufficient intensity to damage communications equipment (including telephones, radio transmitters and receivers) and to interrupt main supplies. The situation caused by electromagnetic pulses (EMP) is discussed.

Measures to protect communication systems from EMP effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stadler, B.

1977-01-01

Possible EMP damage in transmitter and receiver elements, including antennas, is dealt with. It is recommendet that these important systems should be installed inside a commercially available Faraday cage for do-it-yourself assembly. (HP) [de

Development of Design Information Template for Nuclear Power Plants for Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Effect Analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Minyi; Ryu, Hosan; Ye, Songhae; Lee, Euijong [KNHP CRI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a transient electromagnetic shock wave that has powerful electric and magnetic fields that can destroy electronic equipment. It is generally well-known that EMPs can cause the malfunction and disorder of electronic equipment and serious damages to electric power systems and communication networks. Research is being carried out to protect nuclear power plants (NPPs) from EMP threats. Penetration routes of EMPs can be roughly categorized into two groups, radioactivity and conductivity. The radioactive effect refers to an impact transmitted to the ground from high-altitude electromagnetic pulses (HEMP). Such an impact may affect target equipment through the point of entry (POE) of the concrete structure of an NPP. The conductive effect refers to induced voltage or current coupled to the NPPs cable structure. The induced voltage and current affect the target equipment via connected cables. All these factors must be considered when taking into account EMP effect analysis for NPPs. To examine all factors, it is necessary to fully understand the schemes of NPPs. This paper presents a four type design information template that can be used to analyze the EMP effect in operating nuclear power plants. In order to analyze of the effects of EMPs on operating NPPs, we must consider both the conductive and radioactive effects on the target (system, equipment, structure). For these reasons, not only the equipment information, but also the information about the structure and the external penetration will be required. We are developing a design information template for robust nuclear design information acquisition. We expect to develop a block diagram on the basis of the template.

Development of Design Information Template for Nuclear Power Plants for Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Effect Analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Minyi; Ryu, Hosan; Ye, Songhae; Lee, Euijong

2016-01-01

An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a transient electromagnetic shock wave that has powerful electric and magnetic fields that can destroy electronic equipment. It is generally well-known that EMPs can cause the malfunction and disorder of electronic equipment and serious damages to electric power systems and communication networks. Research is being carried out to protect nuclear power plants (NPPs) from EMP threats. Penetration routes of EMPs can be roughly categorized into two groups, radioactivity and conductivity. The radioactive effect refers to an impact transmitted to the ground from high-altitude electromagnetic pulses (HEMP). Such an impact may affect target equipment through the point of entry (POE) of the concrete structure of an NPP. The conductive effect refers to induced voltage or current coupled to the NPPs cable structure. The induced voltage and current affect the target equipment via connected cables. All these factors must be considered when taking into account EMP effect analysis for NPPs. To examine all factors, it is necessary to fully understand the schemes of NPPs. This paper presents a four type design information template that can be used to analyze the EMP effect in operating nuclear power plants. In order to analyze of the effects of EMPs on operating NPPs, we must consider both the conductive and radioactive effects on the target (system, equipment, structure). For these reasons, not only the equipment information, but also the information about the structure and the external penetration will be required. We are developing a design information template for robust nuclear design information acquisition. We expect to develop a block diagram on the basis of the template

Assessment and mitigation of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) impacts at short-pulse laser facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, C G Jr; Bond, E; Clancy, T; Dangi, S; Eder, D C; Ferguson, W; Kimbrough, J; Throop, A

2010-01-01

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be impacted by electromagnetic pulse (EMP) during normal long-pulse operation, but the largest impacts are expected during short-pulse operation utilizing the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC). Without mitigation these impacts could range from data corruption to hardware damage. We describe our EMP measurement systems on Titan and NIF and present some preliminary results and thoughts on mitigation.

Empowerment impact assessment (EmpIA), a tool for poverty alleviation and capacity building

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Louw, MR

2006-09-01

Full Text Available their quality of life. xrhombus Facilitate the upgrading of the social and physical environment. xrhombus Increase employment. xrhombus Reduce poverty. xrhombus Stimulate economic growth. xrhombus Reduce imbalances in access to economic opportunities. 1... IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EmpIA), A TOOL FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING M.R. LOUW CSIR Built Environment: Pretoria, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001 ABSTRACT Empowerment impact assessment (EmpIA) is a quantitative...

Probabilistic approach to EMP assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bevensee, R.M.; Cabayan, H.S.; Deadrick, F.J.; Martin, L.C.; Mensing, R.W.

1980-09-01

The development of nuclear EMP hardness requirements must account for uncertainties in the environment, in interaction and coupling, and in the susceptibility of subsystems and components. Typical uncertainties of the last two kinds are briefly summarized, and an assessment methodology is outlined, based on a probabilistic approach that encompasses the basic concepts of reliability. It is suggested that statements of survivability be made compatible with system reliability. Validation of the approach taken for simple antenna/circuit systems is performed with experiments and calculations that involve a Transient Electromagnetic Range, numerical antenna modeling, separate device failure data, and a failure analysis computer program

A method for visualizing surface-exposed and internal PfEMP1 adhesion antigens in Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arnot David E

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The insertion of parasite antigens into the host erythrocyte membrane and the structure and distribution of Plasmodium falciparum adhesion receptors on that membrane are poorly understood. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM and a novel labelling and fixation method have been used to obtain high resolution immuno-fluorescent images of erythrocyte surface PfEMP1 and internal antigens which allow analysis of the accumulation of PfEMP1 on the erythrocyte membrane during asexual development. Methods A novel staining technique has been developed which permits distinction between erythrocyte surface PfEMP1 and intracellular PfEMP1, in parasites whose nuclear material is exceptionally well resolved. Primary antibody detection by fluorescence is carried out on the live parasitized erythrocyte. The surface labelled cells are then fixed using paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with a non-ionic detergent to permit access of antibodies to internal parasite antigens. Differentiation between surface and internal antigens is achieved using antibodies labelled with different fluorochromes and confocal microscopy Results Surface exposed PfEMP1 is first detectable by antibodies at the trophozoite stage of intracellular parasite development although the improved detection method indicates that there are differences between different laboratory isolates in the kinetics of accumulation of surface-exposed PfEMP1. Conclusion A sensitive method for labelling surface and internal PfEMP1 with up to three different fluorochromes has been developed for laser scanning confocal optical microscopy and the analysis of the developmental expression of malaria adhesion antigens.

Transistor collector breakdown in the presence of conducted EMP and gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rice, D.H.

1975-01-01

In this paper we develop expressions which describe breakdown, negative resistance and latch characteristics for a common emitter transistor when exposed to simultaneous conducted EMP and ionizing radiation. These expressions are derived from a modified Ebers-Moll model and show that common emitter breakdown voltage is reduced, latch (or sustaining voltage) remains unchanged, and that the negative resistance characteristics are changed. Using the modified Ebers-Moll model good agreement between predicted and observed circuit response is demonstrated when the circuits are exposed to a rising collector voltage (due to EMP) and simultaneous ionizing (gamma) radiation

Methodology to assess the effects of magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse (MHD-EMP) on power systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Legro, J.R.; Abi-Samra, N.C.; Crouse, J.C.; Tesche, F.M.

1985-01-01

This paper summarizes a method to evaluate the possible effects of magnetohydrodynamic-electromagnetic pulse (MHD-EMP) on power systems. This method is based on the approach adapted to study the impact of geomagnetic storms on power systems. The paper highlights the similarities and differences between the two phenomena. Also presented are areas of concern which are anticipated from MHD-EMP on the overall system operation. 12 refs., 1 fig

Effects of nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on synchronous stability of the electric power system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manweiler, R.W.

1975-11-01

The effects of a nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the synchronous stability of the electric power transmission and distribution systems are evaluated. The various modes of coupling of EMP to the power system are briefly discussed, with particular emphasis on those perturbations affecting the synchronous stability of the transmission system. A brief review of the fundamental concepts of the stability problem is given, with a discussion of the general characteristics of transient analysis. A model is developed to represent single sets as well as repetitive sets of multiple faults on the distribution systems, as might be produced by EMP. The results of many numerical stability calculations are presented to illustrate the transmission system's response from different types of perturbations. The important parameters of both multiple and repetitive faults are studied, including the dependence of the response on the size of the perturbed area, the fault density, and the effective impedance between the fault location and the transmission system. Both major load reduction and the effect of the opening of tie lines at the time of perturbation are also studied. We conclude that there is a high probability that EMP can induce perturbations on the distribution networks causing a large portion of the transmission network in the perturbed area to lose synchronism. The result would be an immediate and massive power failure

Transparência e Replicabilidade na Pesquisa Empírica em Direito: conceitos e ferramentas

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Paulo

2018-01-01

Com o crescimento das pesquisas empíricas em Direito quais as práticas devem ser adotadas pelos pesquisadores para acompanhar o Padrão Ouro da pesquisa? Quais os conceitos necessários para que a Pesquisa Empírica possa crescer de forma sustentável e democrática? Esse artigo tenta delinear alguns conceitos importantes da Ciência 2.0 e mostra algumas das principais ferramentas para atingir plenamente o ideal de Ciência Aberta.

Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) survey of the Idaho State Emergency Operating Center, Boise, Idaho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crutcher, R.I.; Buchanan, M.E.; Jones, R.W.

1992-02-01

The purpose of this report is to develop an engineering design package to protect the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Radio System (FNARS) facilities from the effects of high- altitude electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs). This report was developed specifically for the Idaho State Emergency Operating Center (EOC) in Boise, Idaho. It is highly probable that there will be a heavy dependence upon high-frequency (hf) radio communications for long- haul communications following a nuclear attack on the continental United States, should one occur. To maintain the viability of the FEMA hf radio network during such a situation, steps must be taken to protect the FNARS facilities against the effects of HEMP that are likely to be created in a nuclear confrontation. The solution must than be to reduce HEMP-induced stresses on the system by means of tailored retrofit hardening measures using commercial protection devices when available. It is the intent of this report to define the particular hardening measures that will minimize the susceptibility of system components to HEMP effects. To the extent economically viable, protective actions have been recommended for implementation, along with necessary changes or additions, during the period of the FNARS upgrade program. This report addresses electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects only and disregards any condition in which radiation effects may be a factor. It has been established that, except for the source region of a surface burst, EMP effects of high-altitude bursts are more severe than comparable detonations in either air or surface regions. Any system hardened to withstand the more extreme EMP environment will survive the less severe EMP conditions. The threatening environment will therefore be limited to HEMP situations.

Role of Off-Line-of-Sight Propagation in Geomagnetic EMP Formation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kruger, Hans W. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2016-05-23

The author’s synchrotron radiation based 3D geomagnetic EMP code MACSYNC has been used to explore the impact on pulse rise time and air conductivity of EMP propagation paths to the observer that are located off the direct line-of-sight (LOS) between gamma source and observer. This geometry is always present because, for an isotropic source, most the gammas are emitted at an angle with respect to the LOS. Computations for a 1 kt near-surface burst observed from space yield two principal findings: 1. The rise time is generated by the combined actions of a) electron spreading along the LOS due to the Compton electron emission angular distribution folded with electron multiple scattering effects, and b) radiation arrival time spreading due to length differences for different off-LOS propagation paths. The pulse rise time does not depend on the rise time of the conductivity. The conductivity rise time determines the pulse amplitude. 2. One-dimensional legacy EMP codes are inherently incapable of producing the correct pulse shape because they cannot treat the dependence of the conductivity on two dimensions, i.e. the radius from the source and the angle of the propagation path with the LOS. This divergence from one-dimensionality begins at a small fraction of a nanosecond for a sea-level burst. This effect will also be present in high-altitude bursts, however, determination of its onset time and magnitude requires high-altitude computations which have not yet been done.

Hardening techniques for nuclear generated EMPs: Pt. 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1987-01-01

This article is intended as an introduction to the protection of electronic equipment against the effects of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generated by a nuclear explosion. For explosions at heights above 100 km the energy in the pulse is considerable over areas of many thousands of square metres. This constitutes a major threat to electronic equipments which have not been exposed to the consequences of closer nuclear explosions (namely blast, thermal and nuclear radiation)

La depresión en la infancia desde la perspectiva de las taxonomías empíricas

OpenAIRE

López Soler, Concepción; López Pina, José Antonio

1998-01-01

En este trabajo se analiza la depresión infantil desde el modelo de taxonomías empíricas propuesto por Achenbach y Edelbrock. Se revisan algunos aspectos diferenciales en el diagnóstico de la depresión en menores y adultos. La parte empírica se cent

Magnetohydrodynamic Electromagnetic Pulse (MHD-EMP) Interaction with Power Transmission and Distribution Systems

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Tesche, F. M; Barnes, P. R; Meliopoulos, A. P

1992-01-01

.... This environment, known as the magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse (MHD-EMP , is a very slowly varying electric field induced in the earth's surface, similar to the field induced by a geomagnetic storm...

Parasites causing cerebral falciparum malaria bind multiple endothelial receptors and express EPCR and ICAM-1-binding PfEMP1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tuikue Ndam, Nicaise; Moussiliou, Azizath; Lavstsen, Thomas

2017-01-01

Background: Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) mediates the binding and accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IE) to blood vessels and tissues. Specific interactions have been described between PfEMP1 and human endothelial proteins CD36, intercellular adhesion molecule-1...

Evasion of Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum: Rosettes of Blood Group A Impair Recognition of PfEMP1

Science.gov (United States)

Moll, Kirsten; Palmkvist, Mia; Ch'ng, Junhong; Kiwuwa, Mpungu Steven; Wahlgren, Mats

2015-01-01

The ABO blood group antigens are expressed on erythrocytes but also on endothelial cells, platelets and serum proteins. Notably, the ABO blood group of a malaria patient determines the development of the disease given that blood group O reduces the probability to succumb in severe malaria, compared to individuals of groups A, B or AB. P. falciparum rosetting and sequestration are mediated by PfEMP1, RIFIN and STEVOR, expressed at the surface of the parasitized red blood cell (pRBC). Antibodies to these antigens consequently modify the course of a malaria infection by preventing sequestration and promoting phagocytosis of pRBC. Here we have studied rosetting P. falciparum and present evidence of an immune evasion mechanism not previously recognized. We find the accessibility of antibodies to PfEMP1 at the surface of the pRBC to be reduced when P. falciparum forms rosettes in blood group A RBC, as compared to group O RBC. The pRBC surrounds itself with tightly bound normal RBC that makes PfEMP1 inaccessible to antibodies and clearance by the immune system. Accordingly, pRBC of in vitro cloned P. falciparum devoid of ABO blood group dependent rosetting were equally well detected by anti-PfEMP1 antibodies, independent of the blood group utilized for their propagation. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the severe forms of malaria may in patients of blood group A depend on the ability of the parasite to mask PfEMP1 from antibody recognition, in so doing evading immune clearance. PMID:26714011

A review of mortality associated with elongate mineral particle (EMP) exposure in occupational epidemiology studies of gold, talc, and taconite mining.

Science.gov (United States)

Mandel, Jeffrey H; Alexander, Bruce H; Ramachandran, Gurumurthy

2016-12-01

Mining of gold, taconite, and talc may involve exposure to elongate mineral particles (EMP). The involved EMPs are typically non-asbestiform, include dimensions that regulatory definitions exclude, and have been less studied. A review of the literature was undertaken for this exposure and occupational epidemiological studies that occur in gold, talc, and taconite mining. Quantitative EMP exposure information in these industries is incomplete. However, there are consistent findings of pneumoconiosis in each of these types of mining. A recent case-control study suggests a possible association between this exposure and mesothelioma. Lung cancer is inconsistently reported in these industries and is an unlikely outcome of non-asbestiform EMP exposure. There is evidence of cardiovascular mortality excess across all of these types of mining. Non-malignant respiratory disease and cardiovascular mortality have been consistently increased in these industries. Further investigation, including additional insights for the role of non-asbestiform EMP, is warranted. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1047-1060, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evasion of immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria by IgM masking of protective IgG epitopes in infected erythrocyte surface-exposed PfEMP1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barfod, Lea; Dalgaard, Michael B; Pleman, Suzan T

2011-01-01

1 (PfEMP1) family is central to both. Here, we present evidence of a P. falciparum evasion mechanism not previously documented: the masking of PfEMP1-specific IgG epitopes by nonspecific IgM. Nonspecific IgM binding to erythrocytes infected by parasites expressing the PfEMP1 protein VAR2CSA...

observaciones empíricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz González Vázquez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el desarrollo y éxito de los espacios innovadores las relaciones entre los agentes integrantes de los mismos resultan esenciales. En este artículo se analizan las redes de relaciones en varias áreas tecnológicas, con el objetivo de comprobar si existe un mismo modelo en todas ellas. La red en dichos espacios se estudia tanto desde una perspectiva reticular, apoyándose en los atributos de las empresas y en las variables relacionales extraídas de los flujos entre las mismas, como desde la búsqueda de un modelo cuantitativo explicativo. El análisis empírico se realiza en las redes de tres Parques Tecnológicos, y de los resultados se extrae que la morfología de la red está influenciada por la estrategia de crecimiento que haya mantenido la dirección del parque en función de las condiciones industriales de su área geográfica. El análisis cuantitativo confirma el modelo centro-periferia observado en las redes.

Experimental study on the EMP failure mode of DC solid state relay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Beiyun; Chen Xiangyue; Zhai Aibin; Mao Congguang

2009-01-01

DC solid state relay is a new type switch device without touch point, and is extensive used by aviation and spaceflight technique. In this paper, the EMP failure modes of solid state relays were obtained by current injection method. (authors)

Hemiparesia esquerda consecutiva a empeçonhamento: Por Bothrops Jararacussu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Napoleão L. Teixeira

1944-09-01

Full Text Available O A. apresenta uma observação de hemiparesia esquerda, consecutiva a envenenamento por Bothrops Jararacussu. É o segundo caso que publica, com idêntica etiologia; além das suas, há duas outras observações semelhantes, de Octávio de Magalhães. Depois de discorrer sobre as hemiplegias cerebrais infantis - mais comuns - lembra que estas nem sempre se acompanham de espasticidade, podendo apresentar-se, raramente, com hipotonia muscular, ou mesmo de coréia, atetose, ou movimentos córeo-atetóticos que falam em favor de comprometimento extrapiramidal. Assinala, também, que crises epileptiformes - generalizadas ou parciais - podem ocorrer, o mesmo se podendo dizer de distúrbios psíquicos. Traduzir-se-iam, estes, por déficit intelectual marcado, podendo ir desde a debilidade mental até a idiotia; ou então, mesmo quando não há aparente comprometimento da esfera intelectual, por perturbações da afetividade, da vontade e do pragmatismo. Passando em revista as causas mais frequentes das hemiplegias cerebrais infantis, abre lugar, dentre elas, para os empeçonhamentos ofídico e escorpiônico (Magalhães e Guimarães. Estuda, a seguir, a patogenia das hemiplegias no decurso dos referidos empeçonhamentos, alinhando as hipóteses correntes, da preferência de conceituadas autoridades no assunto. Transcreve, finalmente, sua observação clínica, da qual se pode concluir, sem dúvida possível, haver, no caso "que apresenta, estreita e imediata ligação entre o envenenamento ofídico e a hemiparesia em estudo. O observado seria portador, além do mais, de crises epileptiformes generalizadas, aparecidas logo a seguir ao empeçonhamento. Além da fotografia do caso que apresenta, mostra-nos o A. outra, de caso anteriormente publicado, este, porém, de hemiplegia cerebral infantil típica, instalada aos 11 anos, após picada de Bothrops jararaca.

Contra um Fetichismo nos Estudos Empíricos em Direito Internacional: Moldura Intencional e o Esvaziamento Significativo da Empiria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Artur Roberto Capella Giannattasio

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Os estudos em Direito Internacional no Brasil têm se aproximado de uma tendência neo-realista do Direito, a qual visa a usar técnicas empíricas na construção e na apresentação de seu objeto para verificar as condições materiais de criação e aplicação do Direito Internacional. Apesar da relevância dessa abordagem para aprimorar o conhecimento jurídico-científico internacional, este trabalho suscita um alerta fenomenológico de matriz husserliana. A discussão recente em torno da criação de uma Corte Constitucional Internacional (CCI se mostra um exemplo ilustrativo. A partir de análise qualitativa documental de fontes primárias e secundárias relativas à CCI, este estudo ressalta que um mesmo material empírico pode sustentar argumentos divergentes - no caso, reforço ou mitigação da autodeterminação dos povos. Essa divergência é interpretada epistemologicamente de acordo com o pensamento fenomenológico husserliano. Percebe-se que, independentemente do material empírico coletado, as conclusões se estabelecem de acordo com o posicionamento categorial do pesquisador. Argumenta-se assim que, apesar de haver uma aderência ao significante empírico, o processo de significação pouco depende dele, o qual tem seu sentido esvaziado. Por isso, argumenta-se que a busca de explicações sobre a origem e a efetividade do Direito Internacional não se restringe a uma dimensão estritamente empírica: apesar de ser necessário incorporar e aprimorar técnicas empíricas nos estudos em Direito Internacional, os limites de aplicação e de eficácia de suas normas jurídicas também derivam de condições imateriais vinculadas às restrições significativas relativas à posição categorial daqueles que as estudam e as operacionalizam.

DEVELOPING LINGUISTIC SKILLS AND ABILITIES IN EMP STUDENTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nataša Milosavljević

2012-03-01

Full Text Available English for medical purposes falls within the category of discipline-specific language learning. It is characterized by specific linguistic features and requires specific study that is possible to carry out using specially designed programmes. Reading skill is one way of learning strategy of English for medical purposes. Most often, students use this skill in order to obtain information for some particular topic from the area of medical science, or because they need some sort of instruction in order to carry out certain task. Vocabulary acquisition plays a very important role in EMP teaching. It is achieved best through learning vocabulary in context, rather than in isolation. One of the most important questions in EMP teaching is related to what grammatical constructions should be analysed and emphasised. Some types of these activities would include, for example, asking students to find examples of one particular structure in the text or fill in the blanks with the missing forms such as tenses, passive forms, prepositions, etc. Speaking skill represents productive skill the aim of which is communication. In order for foreign language communication to be suucessful, a student should know linguistic and cultural features of native speakers and follow certain rules and conventions that are not easy to define. It is of crucial importance that during teaching process students develop strategies and techniques that will help them use linguistic structures fluently, apply language in different situations, take part in discussions, and use acquired vocabulary in accurate and precise way.

Dissection of the role of PfEMP1 and ICAM-1 in the sensing of Plasmodium-falciparum-infected erythrocytes by natural killer cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Myriam Baratin

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Host innate immunity contributes to malaria clinical outcome by providing protective inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma, and by shaping the adaptive immune response. Plasmodium falciparum (Pf is the etiologic agent of the most severe forms of human malaria. Natural Killer (NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are the first effectors to produce interferon-gamma in response to Pf. However, the molecular bases of Pf-NK cell recognition events are unknown. Our study focuses on the role of Pf erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1, a major Pf virulence factor. PfEMP1 is expressed on parasitized-erythrocytes and participates to vascular obstruction through the binding to several host receptors. PfEMP1 is also a pivotal target for host antibody response to Pf infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using genetically-engineered parasite mutant strains, a human genetic deficiency, and blocking antibodies, we identified two receptor-ligand pairs involved in two uncoupled events occurring during the sensing of Pf infection by NK cells. First, PfEMP1 interaction with one of its host receptor, chondroitin sulfate A, mediates the cytoadhesion of Pf-infected erythrocytes to human NK cell lines, but is not required for primary NK cell activation. Second, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, another host receptor for PfEMP1, is mandatory for NK cell interferon-gamma response. In this case, ICAM-1 acts via its engagement with its host ligand, LFA-1, and not with PfEMP1, consistent with the obligatory cross-talk of NK cells with macrophages for their production of interferon-gamma. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: PfEMP1-independent but ICAM-1/LFA-1-dependent events occurring during NK cell activation by Pf highlight the fundamental role of cellular cooperation during innate immune response to malaria.

A semi-automated multiplex high-throughput assay for measuring IgG antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) domains in small volumes of plasma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cham, Gerald K K; Kurtis, Jonathan; Lusingu, John

2008-01-01

-based assay was sensitive, accurate and reproducible. Four recombinant PfEMP1 proteins C17, D5, D9 and D12, selected on the basis that they showed a spread of median fluorescent intensity (MFI) values from low to high when analysed by the bead-based assay were analysed by ELISA and the results from both...... reactivity levels to twenty eight different recombinant PfEMP1 proteins were simultaneously measured using a single microliter of plasma. Thus, the assay reported here provides a useful tool for rapid and efficient quantification of antibody reactivity against PfEMP1 variants in human plasma....... of twenty nine PfEMP1 domains were PCR amplified from 3D7 genomic DNA, expressed in the Baculovirus system and purified by metal-affinity chromatography. The antibody reactivity level to the recombinant PfEMP1 proteins in human hyper-immune plasma was measured by ELISA. In parallel, these recombinant PfEMP1...

Exploring the SDSS Data Set with Linked Scatter Plots. I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbon, Duane F.; Henze, Christopher; Nelson, Bron C., E-mail: Duane.F.Carbon@nasa.gov [NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Facility, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000 (United States)

2017-02-01

We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He ii emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.

Mapping the transcription start points of the Staphylococcus aureus eap, emp, and vwb promoters reveals a conserved octanucleotide sequence that is essential for expression of these genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Harraghy, Niamh; Homerova, Dagmar; Herrmann, Mathias; Kormanec, Jan

2008-01-01

Mapping the transcription start points of the eap, emp, and vwb promoters revealed a conserved octanucleotide sequence (COS). Deleting this sequence abolished the expression of eap, emp, and vwb. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assays gave no evidence that this sequence was a binding site for SarA or SaeR, known regulators of eap and emp.

Implicaciones teóricas y empíricas de la nueva definición de desempleo en Colombia.

OpenAIRE

Guataquí, Juan; Taborda, Rodrigo

2005-01-01

En junio de 2000 Colombia adoptó una nueva definición de desempleo siguiendo los estándares de la OIT. Este cambio implicó una reducción de la tasa de desempleo del orden de dos puntos porcentuales. En este documento contrastamos el caso Colombiano con las experiencias de otros países en términos de la transformación metodológica y sus implicaciones empíricas. Posteriormente, evaluamos el soporte empírico del cambio de metodología. Nuestros resultados sugieren implicaciones esp...

Implementing network constraints in the EMPS model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Helseth, Arild; Warland, Geir; Mo, Birger; Fosso, Olav B.

2010-02-15

This report concerns the coupling of detailed market and network models for long-term hydro-thermal scheduling. Currently, the EPF model (Samlast) is the only tool available for this task for actors in the Nordic market. A new prototype for solving the coupled market and network problem has been developed. The prototype is based on the EMPS model (Samkjoeringsmodellen). Results from the market model are distributed to a detailed network model, where a DC load flow detects if there are overloads on monitored lines or intersections. In case of overloads, network constraints are generated and added to the market problem. Theoretical and implementation details for the new prototype are elaborated in this report. The performance of the prototype is tested against the EPF model on a 20-area Nordic dataset. (Author)

α2-macroglobulin can crosslink multiple Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) molecules and may facilitate adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stevenson, Liz; Laursen, Erik; Cowan, Graeme J

2015-01-01

-macroglobulin (α2M), which is both required and sufficient for rosetting mediated by the PfEMP1 protein HB3VAR06 and some other rosette-mediating PfEMP1 proteins. We map the α2M binding site to the C terminal end of HB3VAR06, and demonstrate that α2M can bind at least four HB3VAR06 proteins, plausibly....... Together, our results are evidence that P. falciparum parasites exploit α2M (and IgM) to expand the repertoire of host receptors available for PfEMP1-mediated IE adhesion, such as the erythrocyte carbohydrate moieties that lead to formation of rosettes. It is likely that this mechanism also affects IE...

El enfoque empírico-inductivo y los problemas de la investigación social en Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sorayda Rincón

2001-05-01

Full Text Available El hombre históricamente ha estudiado el conocimiento humano, buscando diferenciar el conocimiento vulgar del conocimiento científico. Existen diversas formas de producir el conocimiento científico que comienzan a formalizarse antes del siglo XX y en el siglo XX. En el siglo XX uno de los enfoques más importantes para la producción de conocimiento fue el enfoque empírico inductivo (positivismo que aún hoy día tiene gran influencia en las ciencias sociales en Venezuela. Es por ello, que la presente investigación tiene como propósito disertar de manera teórica acerca del enfoque empírico inductivo, su influencia y limitaciones en la producción del conocimiento científico en las ciencias sociales; así como, conocer y describir la opinión de los profesores universitarios sobre el mismo y su utilidad en las asesorías de tesis de pre-grado y postgrado. Para lograr este último objetivo, se utilizó un sondeo de opinión a los profesores universitarios sobre los criterios fundamentales del enfoque empírico inductivo, a saber: criterio de demarcación, inducción probabilística, lenguaje lógico y unificación de la ciencia. Los datos obtenidos del sondeo de opinión se tabularon a través de estadística descriptiva, con análisis de frecuencia. Obteniendo como conclusión que este enfoque es aún utilizado por muchos investigadores en el área de lo social, que a pesar que en el discurso muchos niegan su uso, en las asesorías de tesis lo promueven, orientando las mismas hacia un referente empírico y generalizando a partir de probabilidades y estadísticas

Relaciones Empíricas Entre Empresas y Bancos. Una Visión Financiera Relaciones Empíricas Entre Empresas y Bancos. Una Visión Financiera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Escobar Grisales

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The research group on economics and business carried out the project "theoretical and empiricalaspects of firms – banks" relationship. The general objective was developing an investigationabout the channels and variables through which a relationship is establish between firms returnand performance, on one hand, and banks´ solvency and returns´ on the other.The main purpose of this paper is discussing the importance of firms´ financial management onfinancial sector credit policy establishment.El Grupo de Estudios en Economía y Empresa desarrolló, durante 2003, el proyecto Aspectosteóricos y empíricos de la relación empresas-bancos, cuyo objetivo general fue realizar una indagación sobre los canales y las variables a través de los cuales se establece una relación entre la rentabilidad y desempeño de las empresas, con la solidez y rentabilidad de los bancos (con datos de la economía colombiana para el lapso 1995-2000: para ello, se realizaron dos ejercicios, uno de carácter estadístico y otro de análisis financiero. El propósito de este artículo es presentar, en detalle, el análisis financiero de las relaciones empíricas entre bancos y empresas del sector real.

EMP Attachment 3 DOE-SC PNNL Site Dose Assessment Guidance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Snyder, Sandra F.

2011-12-21

This Dose Assessment Guidance (DAG) describes methods to use to determine the Maximally-Exposed Individual (MEI) location and to estimate dose impact to that individual under the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Site Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP). This guidance applies to public dose from radioactive material releases to the air from PNNL Site operations. This document is an attachment to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) and describes dose assessment guidance for radiological air emissions. The impact of radiological air emissions from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC) PNNL Site is indicated by dose estimates to a maximally exposed member of the public, referred to as the maximally exposed individual (MEI). Reporting requirements associated with dose to members of the public from radiological air emissions are in 40 CFR Part 61.94, WAC 246-247-080, and DOE Order 458.1. The DOE Order and state standards for dose from radioactive air emissions are consistent with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) dose standards in 40 CFR 61.92 (i.e., 10 mrem/yr to a MEI). Despite the fact that the current Contract Requirements Document (CRD) for the DOE-SC PNNL Site operations does not include the requirement to meet DOE CRD 458.1, paragraph 2.b, public dose limits, the DOE dose limits would be met when EPA limits are met.

STATIC{sub T}EMP: a useful computer code for calculating static formation temperatures in geothermal wells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santoyo, E. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Investigacion en Energia, Temixco (Mexico); Garcia, A.; Santoyo, S. [Unidad Geotermia, Inst. de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco (Mexico); Espinosa, G. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Co. Vicentina (Mexico); Hernandez, I. [ITESM, Centro de Sistemas de Manufactura, Monterrey (Mexico)

2000-07-01

The development and application of the computer code STATIC{sub T}EMP, a useful tool for calculating static formation temperatures from actual bottomhole temperature data logged in geothermal wells is described. STATIC{sub T}EMP is based on five analytical methods which are the most frequently used in the geothermal industry. Conductive and convective heat flow models (radial, spherical/radial and cylindrical/radial) were selected. The computer code is a useful tool that can be reliably used in situ to determine static formation temperatures before or during the completion stages of geothermal wells (drilling and cementing). Shut-in time and bottomhole temperature measurements logged during well completion activities are required as input data. Output results can include up to seven computations of the static formation temperature by each wellbore temperature data set analysed. STATIC{sub T}EMP was written in Fortran-77 Microsoft language for MS-DOS environment using structured programming techniques. It runs on most IBM compatible personal computers. The source code and its computational architecture as well as the input and output files are described in detail. Validation and application examples on the use of this computer code with wellbore temperature data (obtained from specialised literature) and with actual bottomhole temperature data (taken from completion operations of some geothermal wells) are also presented. (Author)

A specific PfEMP1 is expressed in P. falciparum sporozoites and plays a role in hepatocyte infection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zanghì, Gigliola; Vembar, Shruthi S; Baumgarten, Sebastian

2018-01-01

Heterochromatin plays a central role in the process of immune evasion, pathogenesis, and transmission of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum during blood stage infection. Here, we use ChIP sequencing to demonstrate that sporozoites from mosquito salivary glands expand heterochromatin......_SpzPfEMP1. Overall, we show that the epigenetic signature of var genes is reset in mosquito stages. Moreover, the identification of a strain-specific sporozoite PfEMP1 is highly relevant for vaccine design based on sporozoites....

La relación entre creatividad y expertise: contribuciones teóricas y empíricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Afonso C. T. Galvao

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La creatividad y el expertise son temas que están recibiendo mayor atención de los inves­tigadores en distintos campos del conocimiento. Atributos personales asociados a la alta producción creativa, factores que favorecen el desarrollo, la expresión de la creatividad y el expertise, así como los procesos implicados en el desarrollo de la alta competencia y la creatividad, son temas que han sido objeto de numerosos estudios. El presente estudio pre­senta contribuciones teóricas y estudios empíricos acerca de la creatividad y el expertise. Se describen los elementos comunes para el desarrollo de la creatividad y el expertise, así como las características de los ambientes educativos que los promueven, los modelos teóricos y estudios empíricos.

Surface co-expression of two different PfEMP1 antigens on single Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes facilitates binding to ICAM1 and PECAM1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Joergensen, Louise; Bengtsson, Dominique C; Bengtsson, Anja

2010-01-01

The Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) antigens play a major role in cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes (IE), antigenic variation, and immunity to malaria. The current consensus on control of variant surface antigen expression is that only one PfEMP1 encoded by one var...

La geografía como disciplina integral: notas teóricas y empíricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Herrera Rodríguez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo responde al llamado a trascender las divisiones tradicionales entre Ciencias Sociales, Naturales y Humanidades y subraya cómo la Geografía ha internalizado muchos de los más recientes aportes teóricos y empíricos elaborados desde estas áreas, en un esfuerzo transdisciplinario por entender mejor la realidad socioambiental. Para darle coherencia teórica y relevancia práctica a este sincretismo intelectual, se propone un marco conceptual no reduccionista, elaborado por el geógrafo humanista Robert D. Sack (1997, 2003, 2010. Con el objetivo de ilustrar su pertinencia empírica, se discuten algunos paralelismos entre sus postulados y los propuestos por la "Evaluación de los ecosistemas del milenio" (2003 y por varios intelectuales destacados. Finalmente, se señala su potencial para responder constructivamente tanto al avasallador triunfalismo del mercado, como al relativismo desorientador y paralizante que con frecuencia domina nuestras discusiones públicas e intelectuales.

Nuclear EMP: stripline test method for measuring transfer impedance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, J.S.

1975-11-01

A method for measuring the transfer impedance of flat metal joints for frequencies to 100 MHz has been developed which makes use of striplines. The stripline method, which has similarities to the quadraxial method used for cylindrical components, is described and sets of test results are given. The transfer impedance of a simple joint is modeled as a spurious hyperbolic curve, and a close curve fit to transfer impedance test data from various samples is demonstrated for both the stripline and the quadraxial methods. Validity checks of the test data are discussed using the curve model and other criteria. The method was developed for testing riveted joints which form the avionics bays on B-1s. The joints must provide shielding from EMP currents

PENGOLAHAN BUAH DAN BIJI RAMBUTAN SEBAGAI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL KOKTAIL, MANISAN, EMPING BIJI RAMBUTAN DAN OBAT HERBAL YANG BERKHASIAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nuni Widiarti

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa penyuluhan Pengolahan Buah Dan Biji Rambutan Sebagai Makanan Tradisional Koktail, Manisan, Emping Biji Rambutan Dan Obat Herbal Yang Berkhasiat bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat khususnya ibu-ibu PKK dukuh kanggan Desa Wringinputih terhadap manfaat rambutan, dan biji rambutan terhadap kesehatan beserta bagaimana meningkatkan nilai jual rambutan dan biji rambutan pada saat panen raya. Khalayak sasaran dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah ibu-ibu rumah tangga di dukuh Kanggan Desa Wringinputih khususnya warga RT 01 dan 02 RW XIII yang berjumlah 20 orang. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pngabdian ini adalah penyuluhan dan demonstrasi pembuatan emping serta manisan buah rambutan. Manfaat yang diperoleh dari hasil pengabdian ini adalah masyarakat menjadi tahu manfaat dari daun hingga akar dan buah rambutan terhadap berbagai penyakit dan kecantikan.

The Application of GIS Viewshed Analysis to Roman Urban Studies: the Case-Study of Empúries, Spain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alan E. Kaiser

2003-05-01

Full Text Available This article demonstrates the potential of applying GIS viewshed analysis to Roman urban studies. It examines the visual dynamics of the Roman city of Empúries, Spain, through an analysis of the visibility of, and view from, a temple and a domus within the city. The analysis proves that the two buildings in question would have had wide views of the Gulf of Roses to the east of the city, and could easily have been seen by people in boats in the Gulf, but they were virtually invisible from within the city and would certainly not have dominated the cityscape. The article concludes that the absence of the villa and temple from the intramural cityscape of Empúries cautions modern investigators of ancient cities against simply assuming that currently prominent ruins on hills or ridges were also highly visible from near as well as far in antiquity.

The value of load shifting. An estimate for Norway using the EMPS model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doorman, Gerard; Wolfgang, Ove

2006-05-01

An attempt is made to estimate the value of Load Shifting (LS) in the Norwegian system, using the EMPS model. A thorough update of the demand side model and cost estimates used in the model was done as a preparation for the project, and the report gives a comprehensive description of the demand models used. The LS measure that is analyzed is moving 600 MW demand in Norway from peak to lower demand hours during the day. The value of this was estimated both in a simplified manner (based on simulated price differences between these periods), and by simulations with the EMPS model and a subsequent calculation of the socio-economic surplus. Neither approaches showed any significant value. The results do not necessarily mean that the value in reality is zero - there are a number of limitations in the model which make it difficult to estimate the real value, like the representation of wind generation, demand variability, outages, exchange prices with continental Europe, flexibility of hydro and thermal generation, reserves and elasticity of demand in the short run. It was verified through sensitivity calculations that especially increasing reserve requirements and increasing the variability of wind generation increased price differences and therefore the value of LS. A number of improvements in the EMPS model and data are proposed to obtain a more suitable simulation model for this kind of analyses: 1) modeling of reserves, 2) representation of wind variability, 3) thermal generation models, 4) differentiation between long and short term price elasticity, 5) review of interconnection capacities, 6) use of quadratic losses and the 7) representation of more stochastic factors like e.g. outages in the simulations. Although the model at present clearly has its limitations with respect to estimating the value of LS, it appears that price differences between spot prices in the actual hours in reality are small. Comparison with Nord Pool spot prices for the years 2003

Implicaciones teóricas y empíricas de la nueva definición de desempleo en Colombia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Guataqui

2010-05-01

Full Text Available En junio de 2000 Colombia adoptó una nueva definición de desempleo siguiendo los estándares de la OIT. Este cambio implicó una reducción de la tasa de desempleo del orden de dos puntos porcentuales. En este documento contrastamos el caso Colombiano con las experiencias de otros países en términos de la transformación metodológica y sus implicaciones empíricas. Posteriormente, evaluamos el soporte empírico del cambio de metodología. Nuestros resultados sugieren implicaciones específicas sobre el desempleo estructural y su relación con el perfil educativo de los desempleados; por lo tanto, cuestionan la aplicación práctica de la definición estándar de desempleo de la OIT al caso colombiano.

Feasibility of Isolating Vulnerable Equipment of the Electric Power System from Sources of EMP

Science.gov (United States)

1978-03-01

is reclosed after the fault is cleared, the reclosure will probably be successful since no permanent conducting path for current exists. However...successive EMP-induced faults may cause reclosing circuit breakers and reclosers to lock out. 2. Lock out of reclosers and reclosing circuit breakers...Most distribution lines are protected by some sort of device that recloses the line after a fault is cleared. All such devices have a common

Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack: Critical National Infrastructures

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Foster, Jr., John S; Gjelde, Earl; Graham, William R; Hermann, Robert J; Kluepfel, Henry M; Lawson, Richard L; Soper, Gordon K; Wood, Lowell L; Woodard, Joan B

2008-01-01

...) attack on our critical national infrastructures. An earlier report, Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), Volume 1: Executive Report (2004...

Contramedidas em segurança da informação e vulnerabilidade cibernética: evidência empírica de empresas brasileiras

OpenAIRE

Cortez, Igor Siqueira; Kubota, Luis Claudio

2013-01-01

Recentemente, uma série de ataques cibernéticos a empresas e governos no Brasil e no exterior tornou público o potencial impacto econômico desse tipo de atividade, do ponto de vista tanto privado quanto público. Existe extensa literatura econômica - teórica e empírica - que avalia os incentivos para que as empresas adotem ou não medidas de segurança da informação. No presente estudo foi desenvolvida uma avaliação empírica desse fenômeno no Brasil. Modelos logit e probit ordenado foram desenvo...

De-MA: a web Database for electron Microprobe Analyses to assist EMP lab manager and users

Science.gov (United States)

Allaz, J. M.

2012-12-01

Lab managers and users of electron microprobe (EMP) facilities require comprehensive, yet flexible documentation structures, as well as an efficient scheduling mechanism. A single on-line database system for managing reservations, and providing information on standards, quantitative and qualitative setups (element mapping, etc.), and X-ray data has been developed for this purpose. This system is particularly useful in multi-user facilities where experience ranges from beginners to the highly experienced. New users and occasional facility users will find these tools extremely useful in developing and maintaining high quality, reproducible, and efficient analyses. This user-friendly database is available through the web, and uses MySQL as a database and PHP/HTML as script language (dynamic website). The database includes several tables for standards information, X-ray lines, X-ray element mapping, PHA, element setups, and agenda. It is configurable for up to five different EMPs in a single lab, each of them having up to five spectrometers and as many diffraction crystals as required. The installation should be done on a web server supporting PHP/MySQL, although installation on a personal computer is possible using third-party freeware to create a local Apache server, and to enable PHP/MySQL. Since it is web-based, any user outside the EMP lab can access this database anytime through any web browser and on any operating system. The access can be secured using a general password protection (e.g. htaccess). The web interface consists of 6 main menus. (1) "Standards" lists standards defined in the database, and displays detailed information on each (e.g. material type, name, reference, comments, and analyses). Images such as EDS spectra or BSE can be associated with a standard. (2) "Analyses" lists typical setups to use for quantitative analyses, allows calculation of mineral composition based on a mineral formula, or calculation of mineral formula based on a fixed

La tasa de crecimiento garantizada de Harrod como ley del crecimiento económico. Una comprobación empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernal Bellón José Reyes Reyes

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En teoría del crecimiento hubo desarrollos importantes en la década de los 50 a partir del modelo de crecimiento poskeynesiano de Harrod (1939, los cuales buscaban solucionar teóricamente el problema de inestabilidad que presentaba este modelo. No obstante, no se ha realizado una comprobación empírica literal del modelo. En el presente trabajo se modifica el modelo de Harrod incluyendo el cambio técnico y se realiza una comprobación
empírica a través de diferentes metodologías. Se concluye que la tasa de crecimiento garantizada de Harrod tiende a ser una ley en teoría del crecimiento económico.

Antigenic variation and the genetics and epigenetics of the PfEMP1 erythrocyte surface antigens in Plasmodium falciparum malaria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Arnot, David E; Jensen, Anja T R

2011-01-01

. Sterile immunity is not achieved and chronic parasitization of apparently healthy adults is the norm. In this article, we analyse the best understood malaria "antigenic variation" system, that based on Plasmodium falciparum's PfEMP1-type cytoadhesion antigens, and critically review recent literature...

Structure-guided identification of a family of dual receptor-binding PfEMP1 that is associated with cerebral malaria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lennartz, Frank; Adams, Yvonne; Bengtsson, Anja

2017-01-01

Cerebral malaria is a deadly outcome of infection by Plasmodium falciparum, occurring when parasite-infected erythrocytes accumulate in the brain. These erythrocytes display parasite proteins of the PfEMP1 family that bind various endothelial receptors. Despite the importance of cerebral malaria...

Antibody reactivity to conserved linear epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Staalsø, T; Khalil, E A; Elhassan, I M

1998-01-01

recognising the conserved regions of PfEMP1 arise upon exposure to the parasite, and that these may be involved in the development of protection against malaria. Antibodies to the Pfalhesin peptide of the human aniontransporter, band3, were measured by the same method. The magnitude of this antibody response...

The effects of corona on current surges induced on conducting lines by EMP: A comparison of experiment data with results of analytic corona models

Science.gov (United States)

Blanchard, J. P.; Tesche, F. M.; McConnell, B. W.

1987-09-01

An experiment to determine the interaction of an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP), such as that produced by a nuclear detonation above the Earth's atmosphere, was performed in March, 1986 at Kirtland Air Force Base near Albuquerque, New Mexico. The results of that experiment have been published without analysis. Following an introduction of the corona phenomenon, the reason for interest in it, and a review of the experiment, this paper discusses five different analytic corona models that may model corona formation on a conducting line subjected to EMP. The results predicted by these models are compared with measured data acquired during the experiment to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each model.

Cultura intraemprendedora e innovación: un estudio empírico en las MIPYME turísticas colombianas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgar J. Gálvez Albarracín

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo es verificar empíricamente la relación existente entre la cultura de intraemprendimiento y la innovación en las empresas. Para ello se realizó un estudio empírico con 68 MIPYME** del sector turístico de Colombia. Los resultados muestran que las prácticas asociadas al intraemprendimiento ejercen influencia positiva sobre la innovación de las MIPYME, y en especial, sobre la de sus procesos productivos y su gestión. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para los empresarios ya que les permite comprobar la utilidad del emprendimiento corporativo para el desarrollo de sus organizaciones. Muestra además al sector público, la academia y a las entidades de fomento, la importancia de impulsar programas de investigación, formación y asesoría en el campo del intraemprendimiento, para lograr mayor innovación y competitividad empresarial, lo cual puede redundar a su vez en mayor desarrollo regional y nacional

Structural Conservation Despite Huge Sequence Diversity Allows EPCR Binding by the PfEMP1 Family Implicated in Severe Childhood Malaria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lau, Clinton K.Y.; Turner, Louise; Jespersen, Jakob S.

2015-01-01

with severe childhood malaria. We combine crystal structures of CIDRa1:EPCR complexes with analysis of 885 CIDRa1 sequences, showing that the EPCR-binding surfaces of CIDRa1 domains are conserved in shape and bonding potential, despite dramatic sequence diversity. Additionally, these domains mimic features...... of the natural EPCR ligand and can block this ligand interaction. Using peptides corresponding to the EPCR-binding region, antibodies can be purified from individuals in malaria-endemic regions that block EPCR binding of diverse CIDRa1 variants. This highlights the extent to which such a surface protein family......The PfEMP1 family of surface proteins is central for Plasmodium falciparum virulence and must retain the ability to bind to host receptors while also diversifying to aid immune evasion. The interaction between CIDRa1 domains of PfEMP1 and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is associated...

La PYME innovadora mexicana ante la crisis económica. Un estudio empírico

OpenAIRE

Edwin Estrella Pacheco; Gabriel Góngora Biachi; Marlene Martín Méndez

2011-01-01

Este trabajo estudia el crecimiento y el empleo de las empresas industriales manufactureras que son innovadoras del estado de Yucatán, en México, durante 2007-2009, periodo de la crisis financiera global. El incremento del desempleo es consecuencia del cierre de empresas, para recortar gastos. Se estudia el impacto de dicha crisis comparando el efecto en aquellas empresas que son innovadoras, con aquellas que no lo son. Se realiza un estudio empírico a 138 PYME, usando una entrevista dirigida...

Condições de trabalho do jornalista: o que revela a pesquisa empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Bulhões Alberto Dantas

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Investigamos acerca do impacto das condições de trabalho do jornalista na saúde e na qualidade de vida deste profissional. Apresentamos aqui um relato com os primeiros resultados da pesquisa, a partir de uma síntese das três etapas de desenvolvimento do trabalho: pesquisa exploratória, pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. Enfatizamos os resultados colhidos no pré-teste do instrumento e o levantamento de dados empíricos obtidos a partir de entrevistas em profundidade.

Mapping the binding site of a cross-reactive Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1 monoclonal antibody inhibitory of ICAM-1 binding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lennartz, Frank; Bengtsson, Anja; Olsen, Rebecca W

2015-01-01

The virulence of Plasmodium falciparum is linked to the ability of infected erythrocytes (IE) to adhere to the vascular endothelium, mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). In this article, we report the functional characterization of an mAb that recognizes a panel of P...

Inadimplência no Brasil: Uma Análise das Evidências Empíricas

OpenAIRE

Mariane Daros; Nelson Guilherme Machado Pinto

2017-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar as evidências empíricas de estudos relacionados à inadimplência dentro do contexto brasileiro, verificando os estudos desses aspectos nas diversas regiões do país. Além disso, foram analisadas questões relacionadas ao panorama desses estudos a fim de verificar em quais pontos os trabalhos futuros desse tema podem vir a avançar. A partir da análise dos estudos publicados dentro da temática nota-se a existência de alguns pontos que não são aprofund...

Prácticas de presupuesto de capital: evaluación empírica en un grupo de empresas del sector de la construcción en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Ochoa Yepes, Julián

2014-01-01

El análisis empírico de presupuesto de capital o valoración de inversiones ha sido un tema ampliamente estudiado principalmente en países desarrollados como Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá -- Sin embargo la evidencia en países emergentes es escasa -- Mediante este artículo se pretende dar inicio a evidenciar las prácticas de presupuesto de capital a través de un estudio empírico realizado en un grupo de empresas del sector de la construcción en Colombia -- De las empresas encuestadas se ...

Teoria da agência e franchising: evidência empírica para o caso brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Rigoni, Ramon Frigi

2015-01-01

O presente estudo tem um duplo objetivo: (i) analisar os determinantes da escolha das firmas por um modelo de franchising na estratégia de expansão de seus negócios, e (ii) analisar como os termos de um contrato de franchising podem potencialmente ser influenciados por questões relativas a compartilhamento de risco, problemas de incentivo relacionados ao risco moral (moral hazard) e restrições de recursos financeiros. Essa discussão se dará seguindo a abordagem empírica proposta por Lafontain...

PENGOLAHAN BUAH DAN BIJI RAMBUTAN SEBAGAI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL KOKTAIL, MANISAN, EMPING BIJI RAMBUTAN DAN OBAT HERBAL YANG BERKHASIAT

OpenAIRE

Nuni Widiarti; Sri Wahyuni; F Widhi Mahatmanti

2013-01-01

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa penyuluhan Pengolahan Buah Dan Biji Rambutan Sebagai Makanan Tradisional Koktail, Manisan, Emping Biji Rambutan Dan Obat Herbal Yang Berkhasiat bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat khususnya ibu-ibu PKK dukuh kanggan Desa Wringinputih terhadap manfaat rambutan, dan biji rambutan terhadap kesehatan beserta bagaimana meningkatkan nilai jual rambutan dan biji rambutan pada saat panen raya. Khalayak sasaran dalam pengabdian masyarak...

Evaluación de la orientación empática en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Norte. Barranquilla (Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Marina Alonso Palacio

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de orientación empática de los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Norte. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación de tipo descriptiva transversal. La población es - taba constituida por 859 estudiantes, de la cual se tomó una muestra de 345 estudiantes voluntarios (niveles: 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° y 5° año, (1°. n = 128, 2º. n = 102, 3°. n = 38, 4°. n = 41, y 5°. n = 36. Se aplicó, en 2012, la versión en español de la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson ( EEMJ para estudiantes de medicina (versión S, validada en México y Chile y adaptada culturalmente a Colombia mediante el método de validación por criterio de jueces, se calculó: promedio, desviación y se aplicó análisis de varianza bifactorial para diferencia de medias y evaluar interacción entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados: La orientación empática presentó valores ubicados por encima del valor cen - tral del rango de la escala que oscila entre 20 y 140. No se encontraron diferencias signi - ficativas por género ni por año en las puntuaciones. Conclusiones: Los promedios de orientación empática presentaron tendencia casi cons - tante con fluctuaciones no significativas. Sería de gran valor investigar otras variables que pueden afectar la empatía.

Los conceptos innatos en la obra de Chomsky: definición y propuesta de un método empírico para su estudio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliver Müller

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo versa sobre los conceptos innatos: su definición, de acuerdo a la obra lingüística de Noam Chomsky, y el esbozo de un método que permita su estudio. A manera de introducción se refieren algunas concepciones académicas sobre la adquisición conceptual y se comenta la falta de un método de estudio empírico de los conceptos nativos. Enseguida, se presenta la definición que a lo largo del tiempo ha defendido Chomsky sobre dichos conceptos. Finalmente, se instauran de manera teórica las condiciones de un procedimiento empírico para el estudio de los conceptos innatos, titulado análisis semántico de corpus.

Overproduction, purification and crystallization of a chondroitin sulfate A-binding DBL domain from a Plasmodium falciparum var2csa-encoded PfEMP1 protein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Higgins, Matthew K.

2008-01-01

A chondroitin sulfate A-binding DBL important in placental malaria has been overproduced, purified and crystallized. Diffraction data were collected to 1.9 Å resolution. The PfEMP1 proteins of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are inserted into the membrane of infected red blood cells, where they mediate adhesion to a variety of human receptors. The DBL domains of the var2csa-encoded PfEMP1 protein play a critical role in malaria of pregnancy, tethering infected cells to the surface of the placenta through interactions with the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). A CSA-binding DBL domain has been overproduced in a bacterial expression system, purified and crystallized. Native data sets extending to 1.9 Å resolution have been collected and phasing is under way

Overproduction, purification and crystallization of a chondroitin sulfate A-binding DBL domain from a Plasmodium falciparum var2csa-encoded PfEMP1 protein

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Higgins, Matthew K., E-mail: mkh20@cam.ac.uk [Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA (United Kingdom)

2008-03-01

A chondroitin sulfate A-binding DBL important in placental malaria has been overproduced, purified and crystallized. Diffraction data were collected to 1.9 Å resolution. The PfEMP1 proteins of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are inserted into the membrane of infected red blood cells, where they mediate adhesion to a variety of human receptors. The DBL domains of the var2csa-encoded PfEMP1 protein play a critical role in malaria of pregnancy, tethering infected cells to the surface of the placenta through interactions with the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). A CSA-binding DBL domain has been overproduced in a bacterial expression system, purified and crystallized. Native data sets extending to 1.9 Å resolution have been collected and phasing is under way.

Plutarque contre Colotès contre Empédocle Plutarch against Colotes against Empedocles Plutarco contro Colote contro Empedocle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alain Gigandet

2013-05-01

Full Text Available In the section of Against Colotes dedicated to the polemic that the Epicurean, in his writing, developed against Empedocles, Plutarch uses what he considers a bad procedure to traverse the area of dialectic and to arrive at that of the principles of Atomist physics, whose incoherence he feigns to demonstrate.Dans la partie du Contre Colotès consacrée à la polémique que l’épicurien, dans son écrit, développait contre Empédocle, Plutarque utilise ce qu’il considère comme un mauvais procès pour passer du terrain dialectique à celui des principes de la physique atomiste, dont il prétend montrer l’incohérence.Dans la partie du Contre Colotès consacrée à la polémique que l’épicurien, dans son écrit, développait contre Empédocle, Plutarque utilise ce qu’il considère comme un mauvais procès pour passer du terrain dialectique à celui des principes de la physique atomiste, dont il prétend montrer l’incohérence.

Bancos Cooperativos y Sociedades de Ahorro y Crédito en El Salvador: modelo de supervisión prudencial y análisis empírico del coeficiente de solvencia

OpenAIRE

Hernández, Ana Verónica

2013-01-01

Estudio bibliográfico empírico, con el que se presenta una propuesta de supervisión para la superintendencia financiera de El Salvador, que incluye requisitos mínimos a considerar por el auditor, tomando como base Basilea II, III y siguiendo el Modelo OSFI de Canadá. Además se presenta un estudio empírico sobre los determinantes del coeficiente patrimonial en bancos cooperativos y sociedades de ahorro y crédito de El Salvador. Economía Financiera y Contabilidad Máster en Investigación ...

Antibodies against PfEMP1, RIFIN, MSP3 and GLURP are acquired during controlled Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in naïve volunteers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Turner, Louise; Wang, Christian W; Lavstsen, Thomas

2011-01-01

Antibodies to polymorphic antigens expressed during the parasites erythrocytic stages are important mediators of protective immunity against P. falciparum malaria. Therefore, polymorphic blood stage antigens like MSP3, EBA-175 and GLURP and variant surface antigens PfEMP1 and RIFIN are considered...

Structural Studies on Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) Malaria Antigens Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christoffersen, Stig

Chemistry (App I) [1]. VAR2CSA binds specifically to CSA in the placental tissue of pregnant women hereby causing severe malaria symptoms endangering both mother and child. The minimal VAR2CSA region required to effectively bind CSA was determined to be the N-terminal DBL domain, DBL2X which we locate......Infection with the pathogenic Plasmodium falciparum parasite causes the potentially deadly Malaria disease which leads to over 1 million fatalities each year according to the WHO (World Health Organization). Individuals subjected to multiple infections gradually become immune to the disease...... symptoms and vaccine research is focused on trying to mimic or advance this immune acquisition. Immunity is primarily caused by acquisition of antibodies directed against a family of Plasmodium protein antigens called PfEMP1s located on the surface of infected erythrocytes. The PfEMP1 proteins are adhesive...

Organização de Reparo na Conversa Cotidiana: um Estudo Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Caputo Pires

2017-02-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visa analisar ocorrências de trajetórias de reparo com dados em fala-em-interação em uma filmagem com quatro brasileiros intercambistas na Alemanha, no qual apresentam suas experiências no período de um ano em contato com outra língua e cultural. Assim, para descrever o fenômeno de reparo (SIDNELL, 2010, GARCEZ, 2008, LODER, 2005 é importante destacar que os participantes em interação e demonstrável pela articulação de análises comunicacionais, o fenômeno do reparo é importante para a interpretação em relação à correção na fala-em-interação, na medida em que o reparo se refere às práticas que participantes usam para contornar problemas ou obstáculos na fala, audição ou compreensão da fala. Enfatiza-se, nesse trabalho, que os estudos sobre reparo na fala-em-interação se deram no campo dos estudos da Análise da Conversa, entre estudiosos que se interessam nas ações cotidianas na vida das pessoas. Dessa forma, a base empírica desse trabalho focalizará os conceitos da Análise da Conversa, fenômenos de reparo em uma filmagem de uma interação de brasileiros em intercambio no ano de 2014. Os dados empíricos fazem parte do projeto da UFMG que investiga perspectivas comunicativas e as atitudes extracomunicativas que indivíduos realizam e desenvolvem no decorrer de um encontro intercultural de duração maior.

Responsabilidad Social Corporativa de la Empresas de Distribución Comercial Españolas. Evidencias Empíricas

OpenAIRE

Díaz Heredia, Isabel

2013-01-01

En este Trabajo Fin de Máster se analiza la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa de las grandes empresas de distribución comercial en España. En él se trata el desarrollo teórico de la RSC, el sector de la distribución comercial y, por último, se realiza un estudio empírico para el análisis del grado de RSC on-line en las grandes empresas de distribución comercial.

Ayudas públicas a la innovación: una evidencia empírica de la PYME industrial del sureste mexicano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Góngora-Biachi

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como propósito estudiar la existencia de tres tipos de sesgo en el proceso de solicitud y concesión de ayudas a la innovación a la PYME industrial en México (sesgo de motivación, sesgo de selección administrativa y sesgo de información. Para ello se realiza un estudio empírico sobre 169 PYME industriales, subvencionadas y no subvencionadas. Los datos del estudio empírico han sido recogidos a través de un cuestionario dirigido al gerente de la empresa. Los resultados muestran que las empresas que solicitan ayudas públicas cuentan con una mejor tecnología. Las empresas elegidas por la Administración para otorgar las ayudas tienen tecnología fuerte-buena, estrategia exploradora-analizadora y una mayor proporción de exportaciones. Finalmente se obtiene, al analizar el sesgo de información en las empresas que no solicitan ayudas, que las mejor informadas se caracterizan por tener un mayor grado de exportación y ser más antiguas.

FPGA-based Upgrade to RITS-6 Control System, Designed with EMP Considerations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, Harold D.; Williams, John T.

2009-01-01

The existing control system for the RITS-6, a 20-MA 3-MV pulsed-power accelerator located at Sandia National Laboratories, was built as a system of analog switches because the operators needed to be close enough to the machine to hear pulsed-power breakdowns, yet the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) emitted would disable any processor-based solutions. The resulting system requires operators to activate and deactivate a series of 110-V relays manually in a complex order. The machine is sensitive to both the order of operation and the time taken between steps. A mistake in either case would cause a misfire and possible machine damage. Based on these constraints, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) was chosen as the core of a proposed upgrade to the control system. An FPGA is a series of logic elements connected during programming. Based on their connections, the elements can mimic primitive logic elements, a process called synthesis. The circuit is static; all paths exist simultaneously and do not depend on a processor. This should make it less sensitive to EMP. By shielding it and using good electromagnetic interference-reduction practices, it should continue to operate well in the electrically noisy environment. The FPGA has two advantages over the existing system. In manual operation mode, the synthesized logic gates keep the operators in sequence. In addition, a clock signal and synthesized countdown circuit provides an automated sequence, with adjustable delays, for quickly executing the time-critical portions of charging and firing. The FPGA is modeled as a set of states, each state being a unique set of values for the output signals. The state is determined by the input signals, and in the automated segment by the value of the synthesized countdown timer, with the default mode placing the system in a safe configuration. Unlike a processor-based system, any system stimulus that results in an abort situation immediately executes a shutdown, with only a tens

Interface Control Document for the EMPACT Module that Estimates Electric Power Transmission System Response to EMP-Caused Damage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Werley, Kenneth Alan [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Mccown, Andrew William [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)ory

2016-06-26

The EPREP code is designed to evaluate the effects of an Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) on the electric power transmission system. The EPREP code embodies an umbrella framework that allows a user to set up analysis conditions and to examine analysis results. The code links to three major physics/engineering modules. The first module describes the EM wave in space and time. The second module evaluates the damage caused by the wave on specific electric power (EP) transmission system components. The third module evaluates the consequence of the damaged network on its (reduced) ability to provide electric power to meet demand. This third module is the focus of the present paper. The EMPACT code serves as the third module. The EMPACT name denotes EMP effects on Alternating Current Transmission systems. The EMPACT algorithms compute electric power transmission network flow solutions under severely damaged network conditions. Initial solutions are often characterized by unacceptible network conditions including line overloads and bad voltages. The EMPACT code contains algorithms to adjust optimally network parameters to eliminate network problems while minimizing outages. System adjustments include automatically adjusting control equipment (generator V control, variable transformers, and variable shunts), as well as non-automatic control of generator power settings and minimal load shedding. The goal is to evaluate the minimal loss of customer load under equilibrium (steady-state) conditions during peak demand.

Evidencia Empírica sobre la Paridad del Poder Adquisitivo en México Evidencia Empírica sobre la Paridad del Poder Adquisitivo en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena Medina

2012-02-01

Full Text Available This article describes the application of methods recently developed for testing stationarity in the Mexico/US real exchange rate, while allowing for an unknown number of structural breaks in the long-run level of the series. In our empirical implementation, inference relies on bootstraped critical values. As a result, we present unambiguous empirical evidence on the stationarity of the real exchange rate, thus favoring long-run purchasing power parity. En este artículo se describe la aplicación de métodos recientes para probar la estacionariedad del tipo de cambio real peso/dólar, tomando en cuenta la presencia de un número desconocido de cambios estructurales en el nivel de largo plazo de la serie. En nuestra implementación empírica, la inferencia se basa en valores críticos fundamentados en técnicas de remuestreo. Se presenta evidencia contundente sobre la estacionariedad del tipo de cambio real, apoyando así la hipótesis de la paridad del poder adquisitivo.

Determinantes de la equidad en el financiamiento de los medicamentos en Argentina: un estudio empírico

OpenAIRE

Dondo, Mariana; Monsalvo, Mauricio; Garibaldi, Lucas A.

2016-01-01

Resumen Los medicamentos constituyen un alto porcentaje del gasto en salud de los hogares, por eso, tener un sistema progresivo de financiamiento de medicamentos es fundamental para lograr un sistema de salud equitativo. Se ha propuesto que los determinantes de la equidad en el financiamiento son socioeconómicos, demográficos y asociados a la intervención pública, sin embargo, se ha avanzado poco en su evaluación empírica y en la cuantificación de su importancia relativa. En este trabajo esti...

Límites de las formas organizacionales hibridas: Evaluación teórica y análisis de investigaciones empíricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Valentina Locher

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El concepto de formas organizacionales híbridas resulta clave para las investigaciones empíricas realizadas en el marco de la Nueva Economía Institucional. Las formas híbridas suelen considerarse un avance de dicho programa, sin embargo, aquí se argumentará lo contrario: este concepto evidencia limitaciones en las hipótesis fundamentales de aquel programa de investigaciones económicas. En este trabajo se muestra cómo el concepto de formas híbridas es utilizado para interpretar una realidad socioeconómica que desborda los límites de las formas mercantiles de coordinación económica. Luego se mostrará que ello, en el marco de la Nueva Economía Institucional, supone una paradoja insalvable. Finalmente se ensayan nuevas hipótesis para superar esta limitación y se muestran las consecuencias de este problema sobre dos investigaciones empíricas que desbordaron los límites de las formas organizacionales hibridas.

Environmental management plan (EMP) for Melamchi water supply project, Nepal.

Science.gov (United States)

Khadka, Ram B; Khanal, Anil B

2008-11-01

More than 1.5 million people live in the Kathmandu valley. The valley is facing an extreme shortage of water supply. At the same time the demand is escalating rapidly. To address this issue of scarcity of water, the government of Nepal has proposed a project of inter-basin transfer of water from Melamchi River located 40 km north-east of the Kathmandu valley. The project will cover two districts and three municipalities and will potentially have significant impacts on the environment. In accordance with the Environmental Protection Regulation of Nepal (1997), the Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) has undergone an EIA during the feasibility study stage of the proposed project. The recommendations contained in the EIA were integrated into the project design for implementation in 2006. This paper summarizes the background of MWSP, the environmental concerns described in the EIA and the status of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) developed to address environmental compliance and other issues involving participation and support of the local people. This paper also provides some lessons to learn on the modalities of addressing the demands and grievances of the local people concerning environmental management.

Evaluación de un modelo de la brdf a partir de simulaciones con modelos semi-empíricos lineales (sel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgardo Rafael Medrano Ruedaflores

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Los modelos semi-empíricos lineales, también conocidos como modelos lineales basados en kernels, han sido utilizados con relativo éxito en la derivación de parámetros biofísicos de la vegetación a partir de imágenes satelitales. Su construcción se basa en hipótesis difíciles de corroborar y su calibración demanda suponer condiciones de homogeneidad en el sistema suelo-vegetación-atmósfera. Un modelo de la BRDF libre de estas limitaciones es evaluado en este estudio simulando el proceso de dispersión de la radiación solar según diferentes configuraciones de cobertura terrestre. Los datos fueron generados mediante la implementación de cuatro modelos lineales basados en kernels. Se evaluó el ajuste del modelo en cada escenario simulado a través de regresión lineal simple, obteniéndose valores del coeficiente de determinación superiores a 0.98. Los resultados sugieren que es posible utilizar el modelo evaluado en aplicaciones donde actualmente se emplean modelos semi-empíricos lineales.

A compra de votos: uma aproximação empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Wilhelm Speck

2003-05-01

Full Text Available O artigo aborda o fenômeno da compra de votos no contexto histórico e apresenta dados de um levantamento empírico realizado através de uma pesquisa de opinião após as eleições municipais no Brasil no ano 2000. São discutidas questões relacionadas ao significado da compra de votos no conjunto das questões ligadas à lisura do processo eleitoral. O texto aborda também os problemas enfrentados na pesquisa em função do assunto abordado e soluções metodológicas encontradas.The author presents the results of a national survey on vote buying during the local elections in Braszil in 2000. In his analysis he places vote buying into the broader historical perspective of electoral and other forms of manipulation and corruption. Specific methodological questions of surveys on such critical questions like fraude and corruption are discussed

Work family balance : mito ou aptidão : estudo empírico sobre antecedentes e consequências

OpenAIRE

Pedro, Ana Margarida Alexandre

2016-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado em Marketing, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Arnaldo Fernandes Matos Coelho e Joaquim Luís Medeiros Alcoforado. “Work Family Balance – Mito ou Aptidão? Estudo Empírico Sobre Antecedentes e Consequências” visa contribuir, com base na revisão bibliográfica, para a compreensão de quais as variáveis que contribuem para esse equilíbrio dinâmico e quais as repercussões. Este tema insere-se no Marketing Inter...

A Novel Domain Cassette Identifies Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1 Proteins Binding ICAM-1 and Is a Target of Cross-Reactive, Adhesion-Inhibitory Antibodies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bengtsson, Anja; Jørgensen, Louise; Rask, Thomas Salhøj

2013-01-01

Cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria is characterized by adhesion of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to the cerebral microvasculature. This has been linked to parasites expressing the structurally related group A subset of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family of IE...... to ICAM-1. The ICAM-1-binding capacity of DC4 was mapped to the C-terminal third of its Duffy-binding-like beta 3 domain. DC4 was the target of broadly cross-reactive and adhesion-inhibitory IgG Abs, and levels of DC4-specific and adhesion-inhibitory IgG increased with age among P. falciparum......-exposed children. Our study challenges earlier conclusions that group A PfEMP1 proteins are not central to ICAM-1-specific IE adhesion and support the feasibility of developing a vaccine preventing cerebral malaria by inhibiting cerebral IE sequestration. The Journal of Immunology, 2013, 190: 240-249....

Antibodies to ICAM1-binding PfEMP1-DBLβ are biomarkers of protective immunity to malaria in a cohort of young children from Papua New Guinea

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tessema, Sofonias K; Utama, Digjaya; Chesnokov, Olga

2018-01-01

Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) mediates parasite sequestration to the cerebral microvasculature via binding of DBLβ domains to Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) and is associated with severe cerebral malaria. In a cohort of 187 young children from Papua New ...

Determinantes de la inversión en I+D: un análisis empírico en empresas europeas de software y servicios informáticos

OpenAIRE

Fernández López, Javier

2013-01-01

Estudio empírico de los factores determinantes de la inversión en I+D en empresas europeas de software y servicios informáticos entre 2004-2010 Economía Financiera y Contabilidad Máster en Contabilidad y Gestión Financiera

La fuerza de los lazos: una exploración teórica y empírica de sus múltiples significados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irene Cruz Gómez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La fuerza del vínculo es una de las características recurrentemente estudiadas en las redes personales. Es un dato aparentemente sencillo de generar, con una potencial capacidad predictiva sobre los intercambios dentro de la relación y de la posición del contacto dentro de la red. Sin embargo, la gran diversidad de indicadores que se emplean en la literatura para medir esta fuerza del vínculo da fe de la vaguedad en la definición del concepto y las consecuentes dificultades para operativizarlo, dando lugar a resultados ambivalentes en su observación empírica. Con este trabajo de revisión teórica, metodológica y empírica se pre- tende ofrecer una base sobre la cual contribuir a la delimitación del concepto. Se propone una dimensionalización teórica de la noción, distinguiendo sus aspectos expresivos, sociales y estructurales, y a continuación se compara el comportamiento de diversos indicadores de las distintas dimensiones empleando una muestra de 441 redes personales y 13.230 relaciones provenientes de una encuesta realizada en Cataluña entre 2009 y 2010.

PfEMP1 – A Parasite Protein Family of Key Importance in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Immunity and Pathogenesis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hviid, Lars; Jensen, Anja T R

2015-01-01

to be a central element in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is mediated by the interaction of parasite ligands on the erythrocyte surface and a range of host receptor molecules in many organs and tissues. Among several proteins and protein families implicated in this process, the P. falciparum erythrocyte...... membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family of high-molecular weight and highly variable antigens appears to be the most prominent. In this chapter, we aim to provide a systematic overview of the current knowledge about these proteins, their structure, their function, how they are presented on the erythrocyte...

Migrações internas: evolução teórica e algumas evidências empíricas para o caso brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Márcia Regina Gabardo Câmara

1988-01-01

The aim of this article is to show new light concerning internal migration in Brazil. Consequently a review of the specialized literature was necessary and here in are presented some empirical evidences concerning its recent development. O objetivo do presente artigo é jogar novas luzes sobre a migração interna no Brasil. Conseqüentemente, foi necessário revisar a literatura especializada e apresentar algumas evidências empíricas sobre o seu desenvolvimento recente

Plasmodium falciparum associated with severe childhood malaria preferentially expresses PfEMP1 encoded by group A var genes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Anja T R; Magistrado, Pamela; Sharp, Sarah

2004-01-01

Parasite-encoded variant surface antigens (VSAs) like the var gene-encoded Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family are responsible for antigenic variation and infected red blood cell (RBC) cytoadhesion in P. falciparum malaria. Parasites causing severe malaria in noni...... genes, such as PFD1235w/MAL7P1.1, appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of severe disease and are thus attractive candidates for a vaccine against life-threatening P. falciparum malaria....

Contramedidas em segurança da informação e vulnerabilidade cibernética: evidência empírica de empresas brasileiras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Igor Siqueira Cortez

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Recentemente, uma série de ataques cibernéticos a empresas e governos no Brasil e no exterior tornou público o potencial impacto econômico desse tipo de atividade, do ponto de vista tanto privado quanto público. Existe extensa literatura econômica - teórica e empírica - que avalia os incentivos para que as empresas adotem ou não medidas de segurança da informação. No presente estudo foi desenvolvida uma avaliação empírica desse fenômeno no Brasil. Modelos logit e probit ordenado foram desenvolvidos como forma de avaliar os efeitos sobre a probabilidade de ocorrência de problemas de segurança da informação, levando-se em conta as características das firmas, inclusive as medidas de segurança de informação. Os resultados apontam para uma relação positiva entre as medidas de segurança da informação e a probabilidade de identificar a ocorrência de problemas cibernéticos, sugerindo que a sofisticação dessas medidas de proteção aumenta a probabilidade de identificação dos problemas.

Revisi?n de literatura emp?rica acerca de la relaci?n entre depresi?n y apoyo familiar en personas transg?nero

OpenAIRE

Ruiz Cortes, Estefany Tatiana

2017-01-01

Se realiz? una revisi?n de diferentes trabajos e investigaci?n emp?rica sobre sobre el concepto de g?nero e identidad de g?nero y la conceptualizaci?n del transgenerismo como fen?meno buscando una aproximaci?n de los factores que intervienen en el proceso de socializaci?n y desarrollo psicosocial de las personas transg?nero. La constante discriminaci?n, estigmatizaci?n y segregaci?n social hacen que las personas trans sean vulnerables y que lleguen a presentar niveles de ansiedad, depresi?n y...

Relationships between the use of Embden Meyerhof pathway (EMP) or Phosphoketolase pathway (PKP) and lactate production capabilities of diverse Lactobacillus reuteri strains.

Science.gov (United States)

Burgé, Grégoire; Saulou-Bérion, Claire; Moussa, Marwen; Allais, Florent; Athes, Violaine; Spinnler, Henry-Eric

2015-10-01

The aims of this study is to compare the growth and glucose metabolism of three Lactobacillus reuteri strains (i.e. DSM 20016, DSM 17938, and ATCC 53608) which are lactic acid bacteria of interest used for diverse applications such as probiotics implying the production of biomass, or for the production of valuable chemicals (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 1,3-propanediol). However, the physiological diversity inside the species, even for basic metabolisms, like its capacity of acidification or glucose metabolism, has not been studied yet. In the present work, the growth and metabolism of three strains representative of the species diversity have been studied in batch mode. The strains were compared through characterization of growth kinetics and evaluation of acidification kinetics, substrate consumption and product formation. The results showed significant differences between the three strains which may be explained, at least in part, by variations in the distribution of carbon source between two glycolytic pathways during the bacterial growth: the phosphoketolase or heterolactic pathway (PKP) and the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP). It was also shown that, in the context of obtaining a large amount of biomass, DSM 20016 and DSM 17938 strains were the most effective in terms of growth kinetics. The DSM 17938 strain, which shows the more significant metabolic shift from EMP to PKP when the pH decreases, is more effective for lactate production.

Insect cells are superior to Escherichia coli in producing malaria proteins inducing IgG targeting PfEMP1 on infected erythrocytes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joergensen Louise

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The PFD1235w Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1 antigen is associated with severe malaria in children and can be expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes (IE adhering to ICAM1. However, the exact three-dimensional structure of this PfEMP1 and its surface-exposed epitopes are unknown. An insect cell and Escherichia coli based system was used to express single and double domains encoded by the pfd1235w var gene. The resulting recombinant proteins have been evaluated for yield and purity and their ability to induce rat antibodies, which react with the native PFD1235w PfEMP1 antigen expressed on 3D7PFD1235w-IE. Their recognition by human anti-malaria antibodies from previously infected Tanzanian donors was also analysed. Methods The recombinant proteins were run on SDS-PAGE and Western blots for quantification and size estimation. Insect cell and E. coli-produced recombinant proteins were coupled to a bead-based Luminex assay to measure the plasma antibody reactivity of 180 samples collected from Tanzanian individuals. The recombinant proteins used for immunization of rats and antisera were also tested by flow cytometry for their ability to surface label 3D7PFD1235w-IE. Results All seven pAcGP67A constructs were successfully expressed as recombinant protein in baculovirus-infected insect cells and subsequently produced to a purity of 60-97% and a yield of 2-15 mg/L. By comparison, only three of seven pET101/D-TOPO constructs expressed in the E. coli system could be produced at all with purity and yield ranging from 3-95% and 6-11 mg/L. All seven insect cell, but only two of the E. coli produced proteins induced antibodies reactive with native PFD1235w expressed on 3D7PFD1235w-IE. The recombinant proteins were recognized in an age- and transmission intensity-dependent manner by antibodies from 180 Tanzanian individuals in a bead-based Luminex assay. Conclusions The baculovirus based insect cell

Migrações internas: evolução teórica e algumas evidências empíricas para o caso brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Regina Gabardo Câmara

1988-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to show new light concerning internal migration in Brazil. Consequently a review of the specialized literature was necessary and here in are presented some empirical evidences concerning its recent development. O objetivo do presente artigo é jogar novas luzes sobre a migração interna no Brasil. Conseqüentemente, foi necessário revisar a literatura especializada e apresentar algumas evidências empíricas sobre o seu desenvolvimento recente

Elementos teóricos para el análisis empírico de la demanda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo López,

2001-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo constituye una síntesis de la teoría de la demanda y su única pretensión es la de establecer el nexo –poco usual entre nosotros- entre esa teoría y sus aplicaciones, para lo cual es necesario destacar algunos aspectos particulares. Después de un breve repaso a los elementos teóricos básicos se detallan algunas características que debe cumplir una función de demanda para que resulte adecuada a los requerimientos teóricos, así como algunas restricciones resultantes de la propia ecuación presupuestal y que impone límites a los valores de las elasticidades. Por último, se presentan algunos aspectos de la dualidad en la teoría de la demanda que son especialmente útiles en el manejo empírico.

Evolución y determinantes de las exportaciones industriales regionales: evidencia empírica para Colombia (1977-2002

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lotero Contreras Jorge

2011-09-01

Full Text Available
Este artículo examina el impacto de las variables macroeconómicas, de la productividad y de la
geografía sobre las exportaciones industriales colombianas entre 1977 y 2002, usando datos de la
Encuesta Nacional Manufacturera y de Comercio Exterior del DANE. El estudio se centra en las
exportaciones al mundo, a Estados Unidos y a la Comunidad Andina de Naciones-CAN. La
estrategia empírica incluye análisis de datos de panel cuyos resultados sugieren que para los
mercados considerados, la distancia, la productividad y la protección efectiva tienen un efecto
apreciable –aunque diferenciado–, sobre el comportamiento de las exportaciones industriales

Aprendizaje Cooperativo: Bases teóricas y hallazgos empíricos que explican su eficacia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edurne Goikoetxea

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El aprendizaje cooperativo (AC es una de las formas de organizar la enseñanza con mayor respaldo teórico y empírico, y cada vez más empleada. Este trabajo revisa la teoría del contacto de Allport (1954/1962 para explicar por qué los métodos de AC tienen efectos positivos en las relaciones intergrupales e interétnicas. El modelo de Slavin (1984 se revisa para juzgar los elementos de una instrucción eficaz que logran ser satisfechos por el AC, dando lugar a efectos positivos en el rendimiento académico. Se describen, además, los nueve métodos de AC más investigados y se resumen los principales hallazgos sobre sus efectos, así como los mecanismos que explican dichos efectos, según los estudios de revisión y de meta-análisis

Um estudo empírico de um sistema de reconhecimento facial utilizando o classificador KNN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Abrantes Diniz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, apresenta-se um estudo empírico de otimização das taxas de acurácias resultantes de um sistema de reconhecimento facial baseado nas técnicas Eigenfaces e K-Nearest Neighbors. Foram investigadas as seguintes variáveis: imagens com três dimensões distintas, número de características (Eigenfaces, valores de k da técnica K-Nearest Neighbors e três medidas de distância (euclidiana, Manhattan e euclidiana normalizada. Os estudos foram importantes para entender empiricamente quais parâmetros são os mais relevantes para as técnicas analisadas e que resultam em melhores taxas de acurácias de reconhecimento facial. Os resultados dos experimentos comprovaram que as imagens com dimensões 12x9 pixels produzem as melhores taxas de acurácias de reconhecimento facial, combinando com a medida de distância euclidiana normalizada e um número de Eigenfaces igual a vinte.

Insect cells are superior to Escherichia coli in producing malaria proteins inducing IgG targeting PfEMP1 on infected erythrocytes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Victor, Michala E; Bengtsson, Anja; Andersen, Gorm

2010-01-01

-exposed epitopes are unknown. An insect cell and Escherichia coli based system was used to express single and double domains encoded by the pfd1235w var gene. The resulting recombinant proteins have been evaluated for yield and purity and their ability to induce rat antibodies, which react with the native PFD1235w...... PfEMP1 antigen expressed on 3D7PFD1235w-IE. Their recognition by human anti-malaria antibodies from previously infected Tanzanian donors was also analysed....

Parallelized FDTD simulation for flat-plate bounded wave EMP simulator with lumped terminator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Xiangqin; Chen Weiqing; Chen Zaigao; Cai Libing; Wang Jianguo

2013-01-01

A parallelized finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method for simulating the bounded wave electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator with lumped terminator and parallel plate is presented. The effects of several model-parameters on the simulator to the fields in the working volume are simulated and analyzed. The results show that if the width of the lower PEC plate is(or is bigger than)1.5 times that of the upper plate of working volume, the projection length of front transitional section does not have a significant effect on the rise-times of electric fields at the points near the front transitional section, and the rise-times of electric fields at the points near the working volume center decrease as the projection length increases, but the decrement of rise-time decreases. The rise-times of E z at all points also decrease as the lower PEC plate's width increases, but the decrements of rise-time decreases. If the projection length of the front transitional section is fixed, the good results can not be obtained by increasing or decreasing the height of the simulator only, however, which has an optimal value. (authors)

Matrimonios mixtos intraeuropeos: un modelo empírico (Intra-European intermarriage: an empirical model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alaminos Chica, Antonio Francisco

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La heterogeneidad con la que nos encontramos al estudiar las parejas interculturales o mixtas, va más allá de las diferencias de origen sociocultural; interviene factores tales como el rol que cada individuo adopta dentro de la pareja (por ejemplo, quién contribuye más económicamente, el status, el nivel educativo, etc.. En este artículo se propone un modelo empírico que muestra el efecto de un conjunto de variables, que expresan circunstancias sociales, sobre la decisión de formar un matrimonio interculturalmente mixto. También las consecuencias en la vida social del individuo.Abstract: The intercultural marriages or mixed marriages depend upon several factor. Not only the different cultural origin. Other determinants like the role of the partner (i.e. economic contribution, status, educational level, etc. or the type of the family (modern, traditional, etc. influence the outcomes. This paper contains a proposal of empirical model for study the intra-European mixed marriages.

Preconcepciones de ciencia y tecnología en los profesores de bachillerato: un estudio empírico en el estado de Guanajuato

OpenAIRE

Rebollo León, Jorge Luis

2008-01-01

En este artículo se presenta un estudio empírico con profesores que enseñan ciencias naturales a nivel Bachillerato. Actualmente muchos profesores mantienen una imagen deformada de lo que es la ciencia y la tecnología. Algunos la conciben como un conocimiento acabado e infalible, otros como una actividad a-histórica y a-problemática o bien hay quienes la conciben como un quehacer elitista y descontextualizado. El propósito de este estudio es conocer cuáles son las preconcepciones sobre la...

Fatores de impacto na Atitude e na Intenção de uso do M-learning: um teste empírico

OpenAIRE

Kurtz, Renata; Macedo-Soares, T. Diana de; Ferreira, Jorge Brantes; Freitas, Angilberto Sabino de; Silva, Jorge Ferreira da

2015-01-01

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica em que se propõe um modelo para avaliar a atitude e a intenção de uso do mobile-learning(m-learning) por estudantes do ensino superior de um curso de administração baseado na teoria do flow, no Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia e na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. A partir deste arcabouço teórico elaborou-se uma atividade prática envolvendo o uso de dispositivos com tecnologia móvel digital (celulares) em que se buscou aplicar o ...

Facilitadores institucionales y sociales para la gobernanza local de los riesgos medioambientales. Análisis empírico con municipios chilenos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricio Valdivieso

Full Text Available Resumen El contexto latinoamericano de exposición a riesgos medioambientales demanda un mayor entendimiento de los factores institucionales que tienen impacto en la gestión medioambiental local. Con el apoyo de métodos mixtos de investigación, este estudio examina hipótesis sobre relaciones entre factores políticos, institucionales, sociales y la gestión medioambiental municipal, en el contexto empírico de municipalidades chilenas. Los resultados sugieren que la combinación de factores políticos, arreglos y capacidades institucionales, y relaciones con la sociedad explican diferentes comportamientos municipales.

La restricción intertemporal del presupuesto. Una evaluación empírica para el Gobierno Nacional Central de Colombia, 1950-2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hernando Chaves Álvaro

2003-12-01

Full Text Available En este documento se analiza la sostenibilidad fiscal del Gobierno Nacional Central en Colombia utilizando el enfoque de la Restricción Intertemporal de Presupuesto. Los resultados empíricos revelan que la estrategia fiscal actual es sostenible. No obstante, se vislumbran problemas de insolvencia en el largo plazo, lo que implica generar un mayor superávit primario en comparación con el actualmente programado. Lo anterior, se sustenta en los valores estimados de los indicadores de sostenibilidad fiscal.

Vienaudžu vardarbība, pašvērtējums un empātija.

OpenAIRE

Krieva, Ilze

2013-01-01

Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot vai pastāv saistība starp vienaudžu vardarbību, pašvērtējumu un empātijas līmeni. Pētījumā piedalījās desmitās un vienpadsmitās klases skolēni, pusaudži vecumā no 15-17 gadiem (n= 50). Pētījumā tika izmantotas šādas metodes: Vardarbības aptauja “Kā tev klājas skolā” (V.Rumpētere, balstoties uz T.Auroras izstrādāto aptauju par dzīvi skolā („The life in School checklist”, Aurora&Thompson, 1987), Pašvērtējuma aptauja (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg,...

El conductismo en la ciencia política: descifrando un concepto poco maleable en los horizontes de la investigación empírica

OpenAIRE

John Fredy Bedoya Marulanda

2015-01-01

Este artículo tiene como objetivo revivir el conductismo como una forma derealizar investigación empírica en la ciencia política, haciendo el llamado a lacientificidad de la disciplina con un objeto de estudio específico: elcomportamiento político de los individuos. Desde allí se presenta como sepuede definir el conductismo, sus cánones metodológicos y una aproximación acómo debe entenderse el comportamiento político.

A economia da sonegação: teorias e evidências empíricas The economics of tax evasion: theories and emprirical evidences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Lettieri Siqueira

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo fornece uma visão geral da literatura teórica e empírica, nacional e internacional, acerca do estudo econômico da sonegação de impostos. Após apresentar uma definição da sonegação fiscal, em confronto com a elisão fiscal, e analisar a questão da mensuração da sonegação, discutimos o modelo básico de análise da sonegação fiscal de Allingham e Sandmo (1972, apresentamos uma revisão de suas numerosas extensões, avaliamos os efeitos da política de imposição tributária sobre a decisão de sonegar e, por fim, examinamos as evidências empíricas acerca do comportamento do contribuinte e dos níveis de sonegação gerados por ele.This paper provides an overview of the findings of the theoretical and empirical literature on tax evasion. After we define tax evasion, as opposed to tax avoidance, and analyze the question of the tax evasion measurement, we discuss the Allingham and Sandmo's basic model on tax evasion, with a brief review of its numerous extensions, we deal with the effects of tax enforcement policy on the decision to evade taxes, and, finally, we survey the empirical evidence on taxpayer compliance and the tax gap produced for the taxpayer behavior.

La demanda de trabajo: teoría y evidencia empírica para el caso colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jairo Guillermo Isaza Castro

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Este documento presenta algunos de los aspectos teóricos más importantes para el análisis de la demanda de trabajo, así como la evidencia empírica disponible para el caso colombiano. En cuanto a los aspectos teóricos, la exposición se centra en la discusión microeonómica concerniente a las propiedades de la demanda de trabajo del empresario maximizador debeneficios que enfrenta un proceso productivo con dos factores: capital y trabajo. Luego se discuten las implicaciones de los procesos de liberalización y reformas estructurales en la demanda de trabajo. La revisión de literatura efectuada para el caso colombiano muestra cómo, en general, los estimativos de elasticidades de la demanda por trabajadores frente al producto y el salario real difieren sustancialmente debido a la diversidad de especificaciones econométricas, la temporalidad de los datos y las fuentes de los mismos.

Un análisis empírico de las no linealidades en la movilidad intergeneracional del ingreso. El caso de la Argentina

OpenAIRE

Jiménez, Maribel

2017-01-01

El principal objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar y examinar la movilidad intergeneracional del ingreso en la Argentina, explorando la hipótesis de variación del grado de (in)movilidad a lo largo de la distribución del ingreso correspondiente a los hijos así como a los padres, a través de la aplicación de métodos econométricos utilizados en la literatura empírica reciente para datos no longitudinales. Los resultados, obtenidos a partir de la información proveniente de dos muestras de la En...

Un análisis empírico de las no linealidades en la movilidad intergeneracional del ingreso : El caso de la Argentina

OpenAIRE

Jiménez, Maribel

2010-01-01

El principal objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar y examinar la movilidad intergeneracional del ingreso en la Argentina, explorando la hipótesis de variación del grado de (in)movilidad a lo largo de la distribución del ingreso correspondiente a los hijos así como a los padres, a través de la aplicación de métodos econométricos utilizados en la literatura empírica reciente para datos no longitudinales. Los resultados, obtenidos a partir de la información proveniente de dos muestras de la En...

Resiliencia en Enfermería: definición, evidencia empírica e intervenciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Óscar Arrogante

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La resiliencia (adaptación positiva a la adversidad se encuentra dentro de las competencias enfermeras al relacionarse con tres diagnósticos de la taxonomía NANDA y, además, la investigación enfermera señala que es una característica propia de la Enfermería. Sin embargo, la resiliencia es un concepto novedoso para la mayoría de las enfermeras. El artículo tiene como objetivos definir el concepto de resiliencia, exponer la evidencia empírica encontrada en la investigación enfermera y describir los principales programas e intervenciones para su desarrollo. La resiliencia tiene importantes implicaciones clínicas tanto para el cuidado de pacientes, como para el propio autocuidado de la Enfermería. La resiliencia se puede considerar como una característica esencial e inherente a la Enfermería debido a la exposición continua al sufrimiento humano y a unas condiciones laborales estresantes. Por lo tanto, su entrenamiento debería promoverse desde las universidades hasta los centros sanitarios para mejorar la práctica clínica enfermera.

Final report for EMP instrumentation project DNA IACRO 75-815: magnetic thin film sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsieh, E.J.; Miller, D.E.; Vindelov, K.E.; Brown, T.G.

1975-01-01

The magnetic thin film current sensor/recorder is a passive device which responds to the peak current and pulse shape of a transient event. The transient current information becomes a permanent record on the film. The thin film device is small, low mass and reusable. It has been proven to be fast (less than 1/2 nanosecond response), radiation hard and applicable to peak current measurement of both CW and pulsed signals. The sensors were initially developed at LLL for pulse-energy measurement on exploding wires. Later the Defense Nuclear Agency sponsored the present project to develop the magnetic thin film devices as EMP diagnostic tools. The Air Force Weapons Lab supported the work to test the field capabilities of the thin film devices at ARES test facility, Kirtland AFB. Sandia Lab is now using a new version of the thin film sensors to monitor the transient current induced by intense radiation in their hybrid microcircuits. Also, a field test has been planned with Naval Electronics Laboratory Center where the thin film sensors are to be used to measure peak CW current caused by rf radiation. Research results are summarized

Hospitalidade Organizacional: Panorama Teórico-Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alberto Carvalho dos Santos Claro

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é o de apresentar as discussões teórico-conceituais sobre Hospitalidade, particularmente a vertente da Hospitalidade Organizacional (HO, que se ocupa das relações hospitaleiras no ambiente do espaço de trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, baseado em revisão bibliográfica, seguida de pesquisa de campo por meio de levantamento junto a gestores de pessoas (especialistas ou juízes, sobre o entendimento do tema, visando contribuir para a futura criação de escala de medida para quantificar o grau de HO em uma organização. Como resultado, apresenta-se contribuição teórica para o amadurecimento desta tendência organizacional e indicadores que poderão ser futuramente usados em estudos empíricos e na construção de um instrumento com escala validada para ser utilizada em organizações em qualquer setor de atividade econômica. Palavras-chave: Hospitalidade. Hospitalidade Organizacional. Gestão de Pessoas.Organizational Hospitality: Theorical and Empirical Developments This paper aim is to present the theoretical and conceptual discussions about hospitality, particularly the  Organizational Hospitality (OH, which is concerned with the hospitable relations in the workplace. It’s an exploratory study, based on literature review and field survey with people managers (experts or judges about their understanding about the question. The result indicates that the development of organizational indicators could be used in future empirical studies and to the construction of a validated scale that can be used in any sector of the economic activity. Keywords: Hospitality. Organizational Hospitality. People Management. Indicators.José Alberto Carvalho dos Santos Claro – Doutor. Professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal de São Paulo [UNIFESP], Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP. Endereço Lattes http://lattes.cnpq.br/0865792662046289 E-mail: albertoclaro@albertoclaro.pro.br  

Paternidade no Brasil: revisão sistemática de artigos empíricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Luís Vieira

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar la producción de artículos empíricos rela - cionados con el tema de la paternidad y su contribución al desarrollo del niño y de la familia, publicados entre 2000 y 2012 en revistas brasileñas indexadas en bases de datos IndexPsi, SciELO y PePSIC. Los descriptores usados fueron: “padre”, “paternidad” y “paternal”. Un centenar de artículos fueron analizados en su totalidad. En el 70% de ellos, los autores utilizaron el análisis cualitativo de los datos. Se observó la preferencia por el método de recolección de datos (60% y por la entrevista como técnica de recogida (47%. Entre los temas investigados se destacan: embarazo, parto y puerperio (25%, el ejercicio de la paternidad (22%, el desarrollo del niño (15%, la adolescencia (14% y concep - tos sobre el comportamiento paternal (13%. Estudios futuros deben investigar al padre en diferentes contextos y la división de papeles en la familia, la inte - gración de los enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos y los estudios longitudinales.

Test Series 4: seismic-fragility tests of naturally-aged Exide EMP-13 battery cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonzon, L.L.; Hente, D.B.; Kukreti, B.M.; Schendel, J.; Tulk, J.D.; Janis, W.J.; Black, D.A.; Paulsen, G.D.; Aucoin, B.D.

1985-03-01

This report, the fourth in a test series of an extensive seismic research program, covers the testing of a 27-year old lead-antimony Exide EMP-13 cells from the recently decommissioned Shippingport Atomic Power Station. The Exide cells were tested in two configurations using a triaxial shake table: single-cell tests, rigidly mounted; and multicell (five-cell) tests, mounted in a typical battery rack. A total of nine electrically active cells was used in the two different cell configurations. None of the nine cells failed during the actual seismic tests when a range of ZPAs up to 1.5 g was imposed. Subsequent discharge capacity tests of five of the cells showed, however, that none of the cells could deliver the accepted standard of 80% of their rated electrical capacity for 3 hours. In fact, none of the 5 cells could deliver more than a 33% capacity. Two of the seismically tested cells and one untested, low capacity cell were disassembled for examination and metallurgical analyses. The inspection showed the cells to be in poor condition. The negative plates in the vicinity of the bus connections were extremely weak, the positive buses were corroded and brittle, negative and positive active material utilization was extremely uneven, and corrosion products littered the cells

Estructura y Funcionamiento del Proceso de Cálculo del Coste en los Servicios Hospitalarios: Una Experiencia Empírica.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Carrasco Díaz

1997-12-01

Full Text Available El objeto del trabajo se concreta en explicitar, sintéticamente, las cuestiones planteadas en la aplicación de un modelo de costes a un proceso productivo peculiar como es la actividad hospitalaria. Lo anterior se hace en base a la experiencia empírica de un estudio llevado a cabo en varios hospitales del Servicio Andaluz de Salud para determinar el coste de los centros de explotación del hospital y de sus productos o servicios sanitarios prestados. Una vez justificado el enfoque de asignación de costes más idóneo, se catalogan los factores y lugares específicos de dicha actividad, como instrumentos básicos en su aplicación. Finalmente, se ponen de relieve los problemas y soluciones adoptadas en el proceso de cálculo para cuantificar el computo de los diversos factores y el análisis que requiere la elección de las claves de reparto, tanto para su asignación entre todos los centros, como en la redistribución del coste absorbido por los auxiliares entre los principales para determinar su montante total, así como las dificultades que conlleva un análisis comparativo de los principales datos de la investigación empírica.The purpose of the study is to demonstrate, synthetically, the problems raised in the application of a costs model to a peculiar productive process as is hospital activity. The foregoing is based on the empirical experience of a study carried out in several hospitals of the "Servicio Andaluz de Salud" to determine the cost of the hospital development centres, and of its products or the health services it offers. Once the most suitable cost approach has been justified, the specific factors and places of side activity is catalogued as basic instruments in its application. Finally, we explain the problems and solutions adopted in the calculation to quantify the various factors, and the analysis required by the choice of the allotment criteria, both with respects to its allocation amog redistribution of the cost

Impacto de la innovación sobre el rendimiento de la mipyme: Un estudio empírico en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgar Julián Gálvez Albarracín, Ph.D

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar empíricamente la relación existente entre el grado de innovación de la empresa y su rendimiento, para lo cual se realiza un estudio con sesenta micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME de mediana y alta tecnología de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia. Los resultados muestran que la innovación en productos y en procesos ejerce una influencia positiva sobre el rendimiento de la MIPYME. Estos hallazgos refuerzan los postulados que muestran a la innovación como una ventaja competitiva sostenible, así mismo pueden ser de utilidad para los empresarios, al constatar la necesidad de innovar para mejorar su competitividad y para la administración pública en su papel de promotora de la innovación a través de programas de apoyo financiero y no financiero.

Equivalência de estímulos e autismo: uma revisão de estudos empíricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Graciella Santos Gomes

Full Text Available O modelo de equivalência de estímulos oferece uma especificação operacional do comportamento simbólico e tem orientado o ensino e a verificação objetiva de repertórios novos. Pessoas com autismo, caracterizadas por apresentarem, entre outras alterações, graves déficits de linguagem, poderiam se beneficiar de estratégias baseadas neste modelo. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de publicações de estudos empíricos com autistas, fundamentados no paradigma de equivalência. Os resultados mostraram sucesso de alguns participantes e fracasso de outros. Os fracassos parecem residir mais em dificuldades em aprender relações arbitrárias e menos na emergência de relações novas após aquisição da linha de base. O desafio para a área é desenvolver procedimentos que favoreçam a aprendizagem de relações arbitrárias e, consequentemente, a formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes.

El carácter empírico y lógico de la contabilidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo R. Scarano

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es argumentar acerca del carácter esencialmente empírico y científico de la contabilidad. Este punto de vista implica rechazar el carácter predominantemente normativo que posee la contabilidad, por lo menos, en Latinoamérica. Se considera que el normativismo de cualquier tipo es meramente secundario.La contabilidad es una disciplina científica, pero al carecer de leyes estrictas no constituye una ciencia básica, es una tecnología social.Se mostrará que tiene una estructura axiomática específica que se puede exponer con la lógica estándar, lo mismo que la matemática contable que supone la partida doble.The aim of this article is to argue about the essentially empirical and scientific character of the accounting. This point of view implies rejecting the predominantly normative character that possesses the accounting, at least, in Latin America. It thinks that the normativism of any type is merely secondary.The accounting is a scientific discipline, but it lacks strict laws, therefore, it does not constitute a basic science, is a social technology.It will appear that it has an axiomatic specific structure that can be exposed by the standard logic the same as the accounting mathematics that supposes the double entry.

Inadimplência no Brasil: Uma Análise das Evidências Empíricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariane Daros

2017-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar as evidências empíricas de estudos relacionados à inadimplência dentro do contexto brasileiro, verificando os estudos desses aspectos nas diversas regiões do país. Além disso, foram analisadas questões relacionadas ao panorama desses estudos a fim de verificar em quais pontos os trabalhos futuros desse tema podem vir a avançar. A partir da análise dos estudos publicados dentro da temática nota-se a existência de alguns pontos que não são aprofundados e que podem avançar por meio de estudos futuros. Dentre esses pontos estão: exploração do tema em todos os setores da economia, maior variação na utilização de procedimentos metodológicos, utilização de série temporal para verificar a evolução do fenômeno e associar a inadimplência com outras temáticas correlatas a essa questão como o endividamento, alfabetização financeira, consumismo, motivações pessoais do indivíduo, aspectos socioeconômicos e causas que podem ter ligação no produto e serviço disponibilizado ao consumidor.

Análisis empírico de la aplicación del modelo de modernización de la gestión para organizaciones en PyMEs colombianas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Pérez Uribe

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Esta publicación presenta tres grandes resultados de la aplicación del Modelo de Modernización para la Gestión de Organizaciones – MMGO- en 127 PyMEs colombianas: el análisis estadístico y psicométrico de los instrumentos utilizados en el MMGO, la evidencia empírica de la aplicación del Modelo en las 127 empresas y las recomendaciones para desarrollar una gestión empresarial de excelencia para la PyME colombiana.

Efectividad del aprendizaje cooperativo en contabilidad: una contrastación empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Mar Delgado Hurtado

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación tiene como objetivo verificar uno de los principales beneficios atribuidos a la metodología docente «aprendizaje cooperativo»: la obtención de mejores resultados de aprendizaje. Para ello hemos realizado un cuasiexperimento con la finalidad de comparar las calificaciones de un grupo de alumnos, en cuyo proceso de aprendizaje se ha empleado el aprendizaje cooperativo junto con la clase magistral, con las calificaciones de otro grupo, donde solo ha sido utilizada la clase magistral. Los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación de un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA, controlando el género, edad, las calificaciones previas del alumno, asistencia a clase, dedicación y motivación, revelan mejores resultados en el grupo de aprendizaje cooperativo que en el grupo de clase magistral. Adicionalmente comprobamos la efectividad de la metodología del aprendizaje cooperativo en diferentes niveles de aprendizaje, de acuerdo con la taxonomía de Bloom (1956. Los resultados reflejan diferencias significativas en el nivel de aplicación-análisis pero no en el nivel conocimiento-comprensión. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura empírica sobre aprendizaje cooperativo, proporcionando evidencia adicional sobre la obtención de mejores resultados de aprendizaje en contabilidad, tras haber controlado el efecto de variables que previamente no habían sido consideradas en la contrastación de esta metodología como la dedicación del alumno y la motivación.

Contraste empírico de la transferencia de tecnología en tres empresas de agricultura protegida en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Gabriel Borbón Morales

2015-01-01

Full Text Available De acuerdo a algunos modelos teóricos de la transferencia de tecnología las empresas aprenden de otras empresas; en otras ocasiones las tecnologías se transfieren a partir de una política dirigida por el Gobierno donde las firmas, los centros de investigación y las instituciones de educación superior confluyen trasladando el conocimiento de un actor a otro; otro más, advierte la participación activa de la sociedad civil, que derivado de sus necesidades se transforma en el eje que articula el tránsito del conocimiento hacia su aplicación. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de dichos modelos, con el fin de contrastarlos empíricamente utilizando casos de empresas que incorporan tecnología para la producción de hortalizas en invernaderos, caracterizando a sus actores, relacionando estas características y evaluando y las formas en las cuales estas empresas han vivido sus procesos de contacto, adaptación y modificación de la tecnología. Palabras clave: transferencia de tecnología, agricultura protegidaDe acuerdo a algunos modelos teóricos de la transferencia de tecnología las empresas aprenden de otras empresas; en otras ocasiones las tecnologías se transfieren a partir de una política dirigida por el Gobierno donde las firmas, los centros de investigación y las instituciones de educación superior confluyen trasladando el conocimiento de un actor a otro; otro más, advierte la participación activa de la sociedad civil, que derivado de sus necesidades se transforma en el eje que articula el tránsito del conocimiento hacia su aplicación. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de dichos modelos, con el fin de contrastarlos empíricamente utilizando casos de empresas que incorporan tecnología para la producción de hortalizas en invernaderos, caracterizando a sus actores, relacionando estas características y evaluando y las formas en las cuales estas empresas han vivido sus procesos de contacto, adaptación y modificaci

Distribución condicional de los retornos de la tasa de cambio colombiana: un ejercicio empírico a partir de modelos GARCH univariados.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiago Gallón Gómez

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Un conjunto de modelos GARCH multivariados son estimados y su validez empírica comparada a partir del cálculo de la medida VaR, para los retornos diarios de la tasa de cambio nominal del peso colombiano con respecto al dólar americano, euro, libra esterlina y yen japonés en el periodo 1999–2005. La comparación de las estimaciones para la matriz de covarianza condicional y los resultados obtenidos para la proporción de fallo y el contraste de cuantil dinámico de Engle y Manganelli (2004 presentan evidencia a favor del modelo de correlación condicional constante.

Innovación incremental basada en capacidades dinámicas. Evidencia empírica en las empresas peruanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Flores Castro

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Los resultados macroeconómicos logrados por el Perú en los últimos años, hacen prever uncrecimiento de la actividad empresarial desde la perspectiva de sus capacidades a fin dealcanzar posiciones de ventaja. Sin embargo, este crecimiento estará basado esencialmenteen procesos de mejora, no vislumbrándose un aporte significativo de parte de las empresasa desarrollar procesos de innovación radical o disruptiva, abocándose preferentemente aprocesos de innovación incremental o de bajo impacto. En la primera parte del documentose aborda el tema de la innovación como factor de ventaja competitiva basado en un modelode capacidades dinámicas, en el contexto de la teoría de recursos y capacidades, analizandolos diferentes modelos de innovación tecnológica. En la segunda parte del trabajo se presentaun modelo de innovación basada en capacidades dinámicas. Y finalmente se presenta lametodología y los resultados del el estudio empírico acerca de los procesos de innovaciónincremental que se dan en las empresas peruanas.

Innovación incremental basada en capacidades dinámicas. Evidencia empírica en las empresas peruanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Flores Castro

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Los resultados macroeconómicos logrados por el Perú en los últimos años, hacen prever uncrecimiento de la actividad empresarial desde la perspectiva de sus capacidades a fin dealcanzar posiciones de ventaja. Sin embargo, este crecimiento estará basado esencialmenteen procesos de mejora, no vislumbrándose un aporte significativo de parte de las empresasa desarrollar procesos de innovación radical o disruptiva, abocándose preferentemente aprocesos de innovación incremental o de bajo impacto. En la primera parte del documentose aborda el tema de la innovación como factor de ventaja competitiva basado en un modelode capacidades dinámicas, en el contexto de la teoría de recursos y capacidades, analizandolos diferentes modelos de innovación tecnológica. En la segunda parte del trabajo se presentaun modelo de innovación basada en capacidades dinámicas. Y finalmente se presenta lametodología y los resultados del el estudio empírico acerca de los procesos de innovaciónincremental que se dan en las empresas peruanas.

Persistencia y capacidad predictiva de márgenes y rotaciones. un análisis empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Monterrey

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo abordamos el estudio empírico de la persistencia y capacidad predictiva de los componentes margen y rotación de la rentabilidad. A partir de una amplia muestra de compañías españolas, hemos documentado cómo la persistencia de la rotación es superior a la del margen, y cómo los componentes anormales de margen y rotación son menos persistentes que sus componentes sectoriales. Con relación a la capacidad predictiva, nuestros hallazgos confirman que el poder de predicción del margen es más elevado que el de la rotación, aunque su persistencia sea menor. Al separar los componentes sectorial y anormal de margen y rotación hemos comprobado cómo los componentes anormales muestran una capacidad predictiva superior a los componentes sectoriales. Los análisis complementarios muestran el distinto poder predictivo según el signo positivo o negativo de márgenes y rotaciones anormales, y según el signo del resultado, así como la robustez de nuestros hallazgos.

Productividad de recursos humanos, innovación de producto y desempeño exportador: Una investigación empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Reina Valle

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Objeto: El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar las relaciones entre la productividad de los recursos humanos (RRHH, la innovación de productos y el desempeño exportador de la PYME manufacturera española. Diseño/metodología: La proposición central de esta investigación es que la productividad de los RRHH facilita el desarrollo de innovaciones de producto para incrementar el desempeño exportador de las empresas. El modelo conceptual propuesto se contrasta empleando la técnica de la modelización de ecuaciones estructurales basada en la varianza y el método de estimación de los mínimos cuadrados parciales, sobre una muestra de 858 PYMES manufactureras españolas. Aportaciones y resultados: El análisis empírico da apoyo a la proposición central e indica que la productividad de los RRHH facilita el desarrollo de innovaciones de producto para incrementar el desempeño exportador. Limitaciones: Esta investigación sólo se centra en el rol de la innovación de producto en la relación entre la productividad de los RRHH y el desempeño exportador. También sería interesante estudiar el papel mediador de capacidades organizativas basadas en otros tipos de innovaciones  (p.e., la innovación en procesos, organizativa o en marketing. Implicaciones prácticas: Sugerir a los empresarios de PYMES que incrementos  en la productividad de los RRHH puede llevar a que dichos impactos sean capturados por la innovación dando lugar a la generación de nuevos productos, que conllevará shocks de demanda, y en consecuencia de un mayor incremento de la exportación de sus empresas. Valor añadido: Esta investigación explica conceptualmente y demuestra empíricamente que la innovación de producto es un mecanismo intermedio clave, a través del cual, la mayor productividad de los RRHH se convierte en un mayor desempeño exportador de la PYME manufacturera española.

Empirical evidence of S-curves in the Colombian Evidencia empírica de la curva S en las balanzas comerciales bilaterales de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorena Andrea Palacios-Chacón

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The Marshall-Lerner condition, the J-curve and S-curve have emerged as theoretical  and empirical foundations developed for the study of the interaction between exchange rates and international patterns of bilateral trade. They have a significant bearing on thedevelopment of public policy, and are of equal interest to the academic and professional communities. The most recently developed of these theories, the S-Curve, is named after the theorized short-run behavior to be found in the cross-correlation function of the real exchange rate and the trade balance. Considering this theoretical context, the paper seeks empirical evidence of the existence of the S-Curve in the bilateral trade in commodity and non-commodity goods between Colombia and the United States and Venezuela, its main trading partners, for the yearly quarters between 1994:1 and 2009:4.La condición Marshall-Lerner la curva J y la curva S han surgido como elementos teóricos y empíricos desarrollados para el estudio de la interacción entre las tasas de cambio y los patrones internacionales de comercio bilateral. Estas poseen una relevancia significativa en el desarrollo de política pública nacional y han sido objeto de estudio por la comunidad académica y profesional. La más reciente de estas teorías, la curva S, se conoce como la conducta que se teoriza hallar en la función de correlación cruzada entre la tasa de cambio real y la balanza comercial a corto plazo. Basado en dicho contexto teórico, este artículo busca evidencia empírica sobre la existencia de la curva S en el intercambio comercial bilateral de bienes commodities y non-commodities entre Colombia y Estados Unidos y Venezuela, sus principales socios comerciales, en los trimestres entre 1994:1 y 2009:4.

Empātijas atšķirības improvizācijas teātru, amatierteātru un koru dalībniekiem

OpenAIRE

Nikolajeva, Inga

2012-01-01

Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot empātijas atšķirības starp improvizācijas teātru, amatierteātru un koru dalībniekiem. Izlasi veido 106 respondenti, no tiem 41 improvizācijas teātru dalībnieks, 34 amatierteātru dalībnieki un 31 koru dalībnieks kā kontroles grupa – respondenti, kuriem tā ir brīvā laika aktivitāte ārpus darba. Dalībnieki ir 14 vīrieši un 92 sievietes vecumā no 18 līdz 30 gadiem, dalībnieku pieredzes ilgums aktiermākslā ir no 1 līdz 15 gadiem. Pētījumā tiek izmantota Saimona Barona...

Validación de un modelo empírico para calcular, mediante laser y fotodiodo, la potencia en función de la distancia para un blanco difusor

OpenAIRE

Blázquez Campo, Pablo

2012-01-01

Este proyecto fin de carrera se centra en un estudio teórico y experimental de un sistema de emisión/recepción, formado por láser y fotodiodo, con el objetivo de validar un modelo empírico que describa el comportamiento de un blanco difusor iluminado con un haz colimado y describa la potencia recibida en función de la distancia con el punto de reflexión. A partir de los resultados experimentales, obtenidos y procesados mediante un software de aplicación general (Matlab) hallaremos la ecuación...

Variables y Modelos Para La Identificación y Predicción Del Fracaso Empresarial: Revisión de La Investigación Empírica Reciente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María t. Tascón fernández

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la evolución en el tiempo de los estudios sobre fracaso empresarial. Con carácter general, partimos de la revisión crítica realizada en la literatura previa, y aportamos un análisis de la evidencia empírica adicional, con especial atención a la obtenida durante la última década. Pero además, para subsanar algunas deficiencias detectadas en las revisiones anteriores, nos ocupamos de tres aspectos, que pueden considerarse la principal contribución de este trabajo: primero, analizamos la evolución en las últimas décadas del concepto de fracaso empresarial o fallido, detectando cierta evolución desde la identificación hacia la predicción; segundo, analizamos las variables empleadas en los modelos, aportando un estudio de los rasgos empresariales que se representan con las variables (frente al tradicional análisis de frecuencia de las propias variables individuales, siendo los resultados más acordes con los planteamientos y desarrollos teóricos clásicos sobre el fracaso empresarial; y, finalmente, destacamos los puntos fuertes y débiles de las metodologías que, por su reciente aparición, no habían sido analizadas o muy poco por revisiones anteriores: las técnicas de inteligencia artificial y el análisis envolvente de datos (DEA. Adicionalmente, integramos en la revisión el numeroso grupo de trabajos empíricos publicados en España sobre la cuestión, y que no aparecían en ninguna de las revisiones previas analizadas.

La relación entre la psicopatología y la obesidad infantil: aproximación a la comprobación empírica de un modelo etiológico

OpenAIRE

Gutiérrez Frutos, Ana

2017-01-01

Trabajo fin de Máster en Psicología General Sanitaria Modalidad: investigación aplicada El propósito del estudio fue realizar una primera comprobación empírica del modelo conceptual de Hemmingsson (2014) sobre la etiología de la obesidad infantil. En este estudio transversal participaron 113 niños/as españoles con exceso de peso (percentil >85), y el respectivo cuidador principal de 109 familias (mayoritariamente madres). Se realizó un análisis correlacional de distintos factores de rie...

La PYME innovadora mexicana ante la crisis económica. Un estudio empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edwin Estrella Pacheco

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo estudia el crecimiento y el empleo de las empresas industriales manufactureras que son innovadoras del estado de Yucatán, en México, durante 2007-2009, periodo de la crisis financiera global. El incremento del desempleo es consecuencia del cierre de empresas, para recortar gastos. Se estudia el impacto de dicha crisis comparando el efecto en aquellas empresas que son innovadoras, con aquellas que no lo son. Se realiza un estudio empírico a 138 PYME, usando una entrevista dirigida a los gerentes, recolectando la información con un cuestionario, y analizándolo con técnicas multivariantes. Los resultados muestran que las PYME son en mayor medida poco innovadoras, que ambos tipos de empresas (innovadoras y no innovadoras en general conservaron el empleo, aunque las innovadoras mostraron mayor aumento en número de empleados que aquellas que son poco innovadoras. También se encontró que aquellas que son innovadoras tuvieron un mayor crecimiento que aquellas que son poco innovadoras. Referente al empleo, se encontró que aquellas que son innovadoras contrataron mayor número de trabajadores durante la crisis comparado con aquellas que son poco innovadoras. Se observó que las empresas innovadoras son en menor medida familiares, sus directivos cuentan con mayor formación universitaria, usan una estrategia agresiva (Exploradora-Analizadora y poseen mejor tecnología (Fuerte-Buena, contrastando con aquellas que son poco innovadoras.

Análisis conductual aplicado en neuropsicología: fundamentos teóricos, experimentales y empíricos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alonso Aguilar-Valera

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo presenta una revisión teórica donde se expone la importancia que tienen los principios y técnicas conductuales dentro del ámbito de la rehabilitación neuropsicológica. En la intervención clínica con pacientes víctimas de disfunción, daño o deterioro neurológico, donde las consecuencias directas sobre el comportamiento son significativas, el uso de las estrategias provenientes de las técnicas de modificación de conducta (conductuales y/o conductual-cognitivas son importantes para el tratamiento de los diversos síndromes neuroconductuales, estando dentro de las competencias del especialista en esta área aplicada de las neurociencias. Además de describirse tanto aspectos teóricos como experimentales de principal relevancia para estos fines, también se mencionarán algunos estudios empíricos llevados a cabo, bajo una metodología de caso único, para una mejor comprensión sobre la utilidad aplicativa de los principios conductuales en el ámbito de la neuropsicología clínica.

Evaluación empírica del mapeo de reglas de negocio para el desarrollo de ontologías

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emiliano Reynares

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Las metodologías de desarrollo de ontologías usadas como un artefacto de software aún constituyen un campo abierto de investigación. Esto se debe a la inmadurez de las metodologías actuales; donde las más reconocidas se basan en UML por ser éste un lenguaje maduro para los ingenieros de software. Trabajos recientes proponen el mapeo de expresiones SBVR a sentencias ontológicas como técnica de desarrollo, pero hasta el momento existe sólo un estudio empírico que compara técnicas basadas en SBVR y UML. El presente trabajo analiza la factibilidad técnica del mapeo SBVR a OWL 2 presentando una primera réplica diferenciada del experimento original variando los enfoques considerados y el tamaño y composición de las unidades experimentales, comparando técnicas de desarrollo basadas en SBVR y ODM. Los resultados obtenidos permiten sostener la factibilidad técnica de los mapeos SBVR a OWL 2, como una técnica de desarrollo de ontologías por ingenieros de software.

Las distintas caras del presidencialismo: debate conceptual y evidencia empírica en dieciocho países de América Latina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiago Basabe-Serrano

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo propone una nueva tipología sobre el presidencialismo en la que la interacción de las dimensiones política (poderes institucionales y partidistas del presidente y contextual (estado de la economía del país y aprobación ciudadana al presidente da cuenta tanto de la intensidad con la que se presenta dicha forma de gobierno como del tipo de relaciones políticas y sociales que de allí se derivan. Tomando como referentes empíricos a dieciocho países de América Latina, el artículo plantea cuatro tipos ideales de presidencialismo: imperial, condicionado, mínimo y de transición. Venezuela y Ecuador aparecen como los referentes de presidencialismo imperial mientras que Honduras y Paraguay se encuentran en el límite entre el presidencialismo condicionado y el presidencialismo mínimo.

Diferencias del clima laboral entre empleados contratados por outsourcing y empleados directos: evidencia empírica de la zona norte de Colombia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Juliao Esparragoza

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Son pocos los estudios empíricos sobre clima laboral en Colombia que muestran las diferencias entre grupos de trabajadores que, teniendo las mismas funciones en la empresa, cuentan con diferentes tipos de contrato. Esta investigación, a partir de un estudio realizado con empleados de una importante empresa de bebidas ubicada en la costa norte de Colombia, trata de aportar a la resolución de esta carencia, verificando si existen diferencias significativas, en algunas variables del clima laboral, entre los grupos de trabajadores contratados directamente y aquellos vinculados por prestación de servicios. El trabajo es de tipo descriptivo y transversal, se apoya en el método hipotético inductivo y utiliza el instrumento imcoc (evaluando las diferencias inter-grupales en las seis variables que lo componen, a saber: objetivos, cooperación, liderazgo, toma de decisiones, relaciones interpersonales, motivación y control.

Análisis de la Simplificación de Expresiones Numéricas en Español mediante un Estudio Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana Bautista

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio empírico llevado a cabo con un corpus paralelo de textos originales y simplificados a mano, y una posterior encuesta online, con el objetivo de identificar operaciones de simplificación de expresiones numéricas en español. Consideramos una "expresión numérica" como una frase que expresa una cantidad que puede venir acompañada de un modificador numérico, como por ejemplo casi un cuarto. Los resultados se analizan considerando las expresiones numéricas en oraciones con y sin contexto, a partir del análisis del corpus y del análisis de los resultados recogidos en la encuesta. Consideramos como trabajo futuro llevar a cabo una implementación computacional de las reglas de transformación extraídas.

Por uma discussão ontológica e epistemológica dos ditos « Estudos Brasileiros » e algumas de suas consequências empíricas na França.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcia Marques Rambourg

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Os problemas que podemos identificar no termo “estudos brasileiros” podem-se ver sob dois ângulos principais: interno e externo, em relação à produção e à recepção dos mesmos, nos mais diversificados ramos da cultura brasileira no Brasil e no exterior. Aqui, identificaremos alguns pontos importantes a tal problemática, com pano de fundo argumentativo no contexto filosófico da alteridade dos estudos brasileiros. Analisaremos tais pontos sob as perspectivas ontológica, epistemológica e, finalmente, empírica.

El papel de las asociaciones de inmigrantes en la sociedad de acogida: cuestiones teóricas y evidencia empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Morell Blanch

2014-11-01

Full Text Available El asociacionismo, de inmigrantes o de autóctonos, es fruto de una necesidad humana: la necesidad de reunirse, dialogar, intercambiar afectos, inquietudes y experiencias. Pero además, en el caso de los inmigrantes, cuanto menos en las primeras fases del proceso migratorio, esta necesidad se acentúa por la sensación de aislamiento y soledad que provoca enfrentarse a un entorno desconocido. En este sentido, la importancia de las asociaciones de inmigrantes radica en que facilitan un marco de pertenencia que proporciona seguridad. Pese a ello, no faltan visiones críticas que consideran que las asociaciones de inmigrantes dificultan la integración en la sociedad de acogida en la medida que contribuyen a reproducir los esquemas propios de la sociedad de origen y comportan un replegamiento étnico. El presente artículo presenta los resultados del trabajo de campo realizado con el fin de verificar empíricamente la hipótesis de que el asociacionismo inmigrante a menudo actúa como catalizador del proceso de integración social de los inmigrantes.

Modelización de costes en los procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales: un análisis empírico para el caso español

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sala Garrido, Ramon

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La reutilización de recursos obtenidos de la regeneración de aguas residuales se muestra como una necesidad irrenunciable tanto desde el punto de vista social como ambiental y sanitario. La viabilidad de cualquier proyecto de reutilización requiere un funcionamiento óptimo de los procesos de tratamiento de las aguas residuales. En este sentido resulta necesario un conocimiento exhaustivo de la estructura de costes asociada a cada una de las tecnologías de tratamiento disponibles. En este trabajo se aplica una metodología de modelización de costes mediante el ajuste de una serie de funciones representativas. Se lleva a cabo una aplicación empírica para una muestra de plantas depuradoras de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Agua y mortalidad en Barranquilla 1920-1940, del imaginario social a la realidad empírica: una mirada desde la Historia y la Salud Pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Bilbao Ramírez

2009-01-01

Resultados: Los resultados empíricos sobre el comportamiento de la mortalidad mostraron que el acueducto inaugurado en 1929 no produjo impacto positivo alguno en las tasas de mortalidad general, infantil y específica por enfermedades hídricas, mientras que la revisión documental de carácter histórico, permitió construir argumentos para describir las razones que dieron origen al imaginario social del aumento de la salubridad como consecuencia de la puesta en marcha del nuevo acueducto. Conclusión: El mito histórico de buenos niveles de salubridad en la Barranquilla de los años 30s como consecuencia del suministro de agua por el acueducto inaugurado en 1929 resulta inaceptable desde una investigación total que conjuga la visión histórica y epidemiológica.

Los impuestos como determinantes de la inversión empresarial. Evidencia empírica en empresas españolas que no cotizan en bolsa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Monterrey Mayoral

2017-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza si el deseo de evitar pagos fiscales futuros, calculados en términos de impuestos diferidos netos que se registran en los balances generales de las empresas, podría erigirse, junto con los factores explicativos documentados en la bibliografía anterior, como un determinante de la inversión empresarial. Nuestro análisis empírico aporta resultados sólidos que dejan constancia de que los pagos fiscales futuros son una motivación adicional para adoptar decisiones de inversión. No obstante, nuestros hallazgos también ponen de manifiesto que, hasta cierto punto, las motivaciones de carácter tributario podrían explicar situaciones de sobreinversión, si bien la evidencia que se ha obtenido de dichos episodios muestra una moderada significación estadística.

Evidencia Empírica de la Minería de Procesos en la Implantación de CMMI-DEV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola E. Velazquez-Solis

2016-11-01

Full Text Available La minería de procesos tiene como objetivo descubrir, monitorear y mejorar procesos a través del análisis de los diversos registros de eventos generados por los procesos de la organización. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la evidencia empírica de la inclusión estratégica de la disciplina de minería de procesos en proyectos de mejora de procesos de software implementados con CMMI. En el proceso de mapeo sistemático de la revisión de la literatura, se establecieron cuatro categorías para clasificar los hallazgos encontrados (Fundamentos teóricos, propuestas, herramientas y sistemas de información y algoritmos para presentar los estudios que cumplen con el objetivo. Se concluye que la interdisciplinariedad de la minería de procesos con un modelo de referencia de procesos como CMMI-DEV apoya la implementación y evaluación de las áreas de procesos, al aplicar técnicas y algoritmos de minería de procesos que faciliten la exploración y explotación de los registros de eventos relacionados a la ejecución de las actividades almacenados en un repositorio.

Un estudio empírico sobre el consumo cultural y la toma de decisiones egoístas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomás Bonavía

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal que persigue el presente trabajo es mostrar empíricamente en un nuevo contexto, que el mecanismo que rige el proceso de toma de decisiones a la hora de optar por consumir bienes culturales no se ajusta enteramente a la visión racional y egoísta del ser humano propuesta por la economía clásica. Para alcanzar este objetivo se planteó un diseño experimental con tres grupos (dos experimental y uno control a los que se les daba la opción de elegir hipotéticamente entre reclamar la devolución del dinero de la entrada a la salida de diferentes eventos culturales (decisión egoísta o no hacerlo (decisión no egoísta. Para analizar los resultados se realizó una prueba binomial para determinar si la diferencia de proporciones entre las respuestas afirmativas y negativas eran o no significativas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en la mayoría de las situaciones los participantes se negaban a reclamar la devolución del dinero de la entrada a la salida del evento cultural, actuando así de manera no-racional bajo la visión económica clásica. Estos resultados tendrían, a efectos prácticos, un aumento en el número de espectadores que asisten a actos culturales.

La dimensión empírica de la estética en la educación escolar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurora Gordo Contreras

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los hallazgos universales en eficacia escolar, sugieren comprender los operadores lógicos, las dinámicas y la influencia del contexto sociocultural en la formación de poblaciones educativas, poniendo en evidencia empírica, la contribución sociológica de campos como la estética para establecer una valoración de los efectos sensibles en la interacción social de comunidades educativas con su entorno cultural. Este estudio pretende establecer qué tipo de relaciones, impacto e impronta del contexto periférico escolar tienen confluencia en el comportamiento, tendencia y conducta socio-estética, en dos sectores escolares diferenciales; como también, qué factores condicionales al interior de la escuela potencian o disminuyen estos fenómenos, y de si estos se reproducen simétrica, diferenciada o disímilmente entre sí. Para dicho fin, se estudiaron 312 matrices de análisis por medio del modelo octádico de Mandoky; se tuvieron en cuenta 156 objetos y 156 actividades, ejecutadas por 30 estudiantes durante 16 actividades. Estudiantes de primero de primaria de las instituciones Gimnasio Galileo Galilei y escuela Rural del Sur. Los resultados expresan correlaciones significativas de estesis reproductiva interinstitucional, patrones temáticos de acción e influencias diferenciadas de factores condicionales por sector escolar.

Uma avaliação acerca da falha empírica do teorema da paridade descoberta da taxa de juros entre o Real e o Dólar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Cieplinski

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo testa a validade do teorema da paridade descoberta de juros para os dados da economia brasileira no período de 2000 a 2014. Nossos resultados corroboram a não validade empírica, conhecida na literatura como de UIP Failure ou Forward Premium Puzzle. O coeficiente do diferencial de juros estimado por um modelo GARCH apresenta sinal negativo, contradizendo parte dos testes da UIP em economias periféricas. Já os modelos markovianos de mudança de regime apontaram para dois padrões bem delimitados: nos períodos de menor volatilidade o coeficiente assume valor negativo e, nos meses de alta volatilidade, valor positivo. Os resultados encontrados são coerentes com a abordagem da taxa de juros exógena em uma economia aberta.

Una aproximación empírica a la relación entre el desempleo y las vacantes para Popayán, 2001-2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jhon James Mora

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre las vacantes y el desempleo, a través de la Curva de Beveridge, para la ciudad de Popayán entre 2001 y 2005, siguiendo un modelo de datos de panel por áreas de desempeño. Los resultados del modelo muestran que la elasticidad del desempleo con respecto a las vacantes es estadísticamente significativa y positiva. Este resultado puede deberse a la existencia de shocks asimétricos en los distintos sectores de la economía payanés, que se estarían reflejando en la dinámica de las áreas de desempeño laboral. De esta forma, se estaría presentando una recomposición de las actividades económicas de la ciudad de Popayán durante el período estudiado.

La satisfacción laboral en los establecimientos hoteleros. Análisis empírico en la provincia de Córdoba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra María Sánchez Cañizares

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años se vienen detectando cambios sustanciales en el ámbito del turismo y consideramos un elemento fundamental en el análisis de estos cambios determinar cuál es la situación actual de la satisfacción laboral de las personas que trabajan en esta actividad. El sector elegido para la realización de este trabajo se centra en las empresas hoteleras por su trato directo con el turista. La idoneidad de un estudio sobre la satisfacción de los empleados de hotel se justifica por su incidencia como factor de calidad en el servicio y, en última instancia, en la propia satisfacción del cliente. En este artículo se realiza una breve revisión teórica sobre el constructo satisfacción laboral, así como una aplicación empírica centrada en una muestra de hoteles de Córdoba, al sur de España, en el marco de un proyecto subvencionado por la Junta de Andalucía (España.

Motricidad y cognición. Un estudio empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep Morales Aznar

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Esta tesis es un intento de clarificar diversos aspectos sobre las dimensiones que abarca la Educación. La motricidad y la cognición son dos de estas dimensiones educativas sobre las cuales existe un amplio debate, tanto en su definición como en su posible interdependencia. Este trabajo no se centra en debates teóricos, sino que intenta aportar datos empíricos sobre dicha realidad. Dichos datos se aportan a partir de 3 estudios sobre población escolar, en cada uno de ellos la muestra se segmenta a partir del tipo de actividad física desarrollada: En el primer estudio se aplican un total de 6 pruebas a 487 sujetos de entre 9 y 16 años. Los ámbitos a los que pertenecen las pruebas son: perceptivo-motor, expresión gráfica y rendimiento académico. La segmentación de la muestra más interesante que se realiza en este estudio es la distinción entre los individuos que realizan actividades extraescolares y los que no. El segundo estudio se realiza también con población escolar, pero en este caso son 241 individuos que practican deporte de alto rendimiento. Las pruebas aplicadas son las mismas que en el estudio anterior pero añadiendo dos pruebas del ámbito técnico-táctico. El tercer estudio es un trabajo meramente estadístico, ya que la muestra corresponde a los dos anteriores, en el que se realiza una comparación sobre los datos más relevantes. Posteriormente, en el apartado de conclusiones y discusión, se ofrecen aportaciones que giran alrededor de los vínculos que se pueden establecer entre los di­ferentes ámbitos y la implicación que tiene el tipo de práctica física desarrollada en relación con las pruebas analizadas. En concreto, se confirma una evolución de los resultados de todas las pruebas en consonancia con el aumento de la edad de los sujetos. No queda definida la relación entre la operatividad en tareas que implican a la motricidad global y las que implican a la motricidad fina. El ámbito de la motricidad

Criminologia e Prisão: caminhos e desafios da pesquisa empírica no campo prisional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Gabriela Mendes Braga

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo é um dos frutos da pesquisa de doutoramento “Reintegração social: discursos e práticas na prisão ‒ um estudo comparado”, na qual foram analisados alguns projetos desenvolvidos por entidades da sociedade civil em estabelecimentos prisionais de São Paulo e da Catalunha (Espanha. Para tanto, utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, com o emprego de três métodos: entrevistas semidirigidas com os envolvidos direta e indiretamente com os projetos (voluntários, presos, diretores de entidades, funcionários da prisão; pesquisa documental (projetos, memoriais, manuais; e, relatos etnográficos produzidos a partir da observação in loco do trabalho desenvolvido pelas entidades selecionadas nos estabelecimentos prisionais. Neste paper, ganha destaque a questão do método em criminologia e as reflexões acerca da pesquisa empírica na prisão. Em uma pesquisa situada em um espaço tão hermético como a prisão, explicitar os caminhos de inserção do campo é um exercício que desvela os mecanismos de poder em funcionamento, e acaba por levar o pesquisador de volta ao objeto da própria tese. Afinal, muitos dos empecilhos e barreiras criadas para a entrada do pesquisador na prisão são os mesmos com que se deparam as entidades e pessoas da sociedade civil. Esse artigo é uma reflexão acerca dos caminhos e dos desafios vivenciados por aqueles que adentram o espaço prisional enfrentando o isolamento impostos por seus muros.

Determinantes multidimensionales en la calidad percibida del empleo. Evidencia empírica para España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Díaz-Chao, Ángel

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Through a representative sample of 8.755 employees in 2010, and using a structural equations model (SEM, this article analyzes empirically the multidimensional determinants (direct effects of the perceived work quality in Spain. The research concludes that the perceived work quality combines a broad set of explanatory dimensions that are linked with de workplace itself (intrinsic work quality, organization, access and inclusion, and compensations, but also with their environment and labor relations (social relations, work intensity, skills and training, and health and safety. Therefore, the public employment policies for ending the economic crisis should not only address the quality or workplace, but also meet the dimensions related to their environment and labor relations.A través de una muestra representativa para 8.755 empleados asalariados en 2010, y utilizando un sistema de ecuaciones estructurales, este artículo analiza empíricamente los determinantes multidimensionales (efectos directos de la calidad percibida del empleo en España. La investigación concluye que la calidad del empleo combina un amplio conjunto de dimensiones explicativas que están vinculadas con el propio puesto de trabajo (calidad intrínseca, organización, inclusión y acceso y compensación, pero también con su entorno y las relaciones laborales (relaciones sociales, intensidad del empleo, formación, y salud y seguridad en el trabajo. Por consiguiente, las políticas públicas de empleo para la salida de la crisis no solo deberían abordar la calidad del puesto de trabajo, sino también atender a las dimensiones vinculadas con su entorno y las relaciones laborales.

Abordagem holística do termo pessoa em um estudo empírico: uma análise crítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Lopes Neto

Full Text Available O estudo analisa a semântica e a estrutura do termo pessoa (mulheres com HIV, mediante abordagem holística fundamentada no Modelo de Adaptação de Roy (Veritivity e na fenomenologia de Heidegger (Dasein. Pesquisa extraída da literatura das Ciências Enfermagem e Filosofia, através da técnica de documentação indireta, com utilização do modelo de análise de teoria de Chinn & Kramer, através do qual foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: objetividade, simplicidade, generalidade, acessibilidade e importância dos conceitos de pessoa e holismo no estudo empírico "Nutritional adaptation of women living with HIV: a pilot study", publicado na revista Holistic Nursing Practice, em 1997. Criticamente, a interpretação do termo pessoa se deu pela compreensão do ser enquanto um ser ôntico-ontológico, como forma de percepção verdadeira do sentido do ser (pessoa, como uma estrutura universal vivente em um mundo antropológico e social, ao qual mulheres com HIV podem se adaptar ao novo estilo de vida e receber atenção integral da enfermagem, principalmente no que concerne ao aspecto nutricional.

Abordagem holística do termo pessoa em um estudo empírico: uma análise crítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lopes Neto David

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo analisa a semântica e a estrutura do termo pessoa (mulheres com HIV, mediante abordagem holística fundamentada no Modelo de Adaptação de Roy (Veritivity e na fenomenologia de Heidegger (Dasein. Pesquisa extraída da literatura das Ciências Enfermagem e Filosofia, através da técnica de documentação indireta, com utilização do modelo de análise de teoria de Chinn & Kramer, através do qual foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: objetividade, simplicidade, generalidade, acessibilidade e importância dos conceitos de pessoa e holismo no estudo empírico "Nutritional adaptation of women living with HIV: a pilot study", publicado na revista Holistic Nursing Practice, em 1997. Criticamente, a interpretação do termo pessoa se deu pela compreensão do ser enquanto um ser ôntico-ontológico, como forma de percepção verdadeira do sentido do ser (pessoa, como uma estrutura universal vivente em um mundo antropológico e social, ao qual mulheres com HIV podem se adaptar ao novo estilo de vida e receber atenção integral da enfermagem, principalmente no que concerne ao aspecto nutricional.

Responsabilidad Social Universitaria: estudio empírico sobre la fiabilidad de un conjunto de indicadores de Gobierno Corporativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Montserrat Núñez Chicharro

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La Responsabilidad Social de la Universidad (RSU puede ser definida observando los impactos que provoca en el desarrollo de sus actividades. Partiendo de los grupos de impactos, podemos considerar un modelo de medición, identificando los aspectos de la RSU, con cuatro dimensiones: 1 organizacional, 2 educativa, 3 investigadora y 4 epistemológica y social. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en verificar la validez de un conjunto de indicadores propuestos de RSU, bajo el prisma de la dimensión organizacional. Los indicadores de medición de los impactos a nivel organizacional se definen partiendo de la clasificación por dimensiones propuesta por el Global Reporting Initiative, incorporando aquellos considerados específicos de la actividad universitaria. De las cuatro categorías identificadas en esta dimensión, analizaremos la del Gobierno Corporativo, ya que los indicadores del impacto económico, social y medioambiental están ampliamente contrastados por el mismo. La metodología utilizada es de naturaleza empírica y está basada en la interacción directa con un conjunto de expertos. Un requisito que la información contable externa debe cumplir es el de fiabilidad. En el estudio, se plantea inferir la validez de los indicadores propuestos, en relación con el citado requisito, mediante valoraciones particulares relativas a la Imparcialidad, Objetividad, Verificabilidad y Representación fiel.

Orientación empática de los estudiantes de dos escuelas de kinesiología de Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.M. Rojas-Serey

Full Text Available Objetivo. Conocer la orientación empática de los alumnos de la carrera de kinesiología de dos escuelas de la región metropolitana. Sujetos y métodos. Este trabajo corresponde a una investigación analítica de corte transversal realizada entre los meses de marzo y noviembre del año 2006. Participaron 274 alumnos de un universo de 351 correspondientes a los niveles I, III y V de la carrera de kinesiología de la Universidad de Chile y la Universidad Mayor. Se aplicó la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson (EEMJ. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó la prueba U no paramétrica de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney y la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados. Se obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en la EEMJ con significación estadística en el tercer y quinto nivel de la carrera con relación al primero (p < 0,05. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones según sexo. Conclusiones. Existen mayores puntuaciones obtenidas en la EEMJ en los alumnos que están en niveles más avanzados de la carrera de kinesiología, y esta diferencia es significativa en ambas universidades. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en la EEMJ no tienen significación estadística en relación con la variable sexo en ambas universidades.

Teoría de la Aceptación-Rechazo Interpersonal (IPARTheory: bases conceptuales, método y evidencia empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronald P. Rohner

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La teoría de aceptación-rechazo interpersonal (IPARTheory es una teoría basada en la evidencia que trata de predecir y explicar las principales causas, consecuencias y correlatos de la aceptación-rechazo -especialmente parental- a lo largo del ciclo vital. Esta teoría se divide en tres subteorías: subteoría de la personalidad (todos los niños y niñas independientemente de su contexto sociocultural, racial o étnico responden esencialmente en el mismo sentido cuando perciben que son rechazados o aceptados por sus padres u otras figuras de apego; subteoría del afrontamiento (determinados factores individuales proporcionan tanto a niños como a adultos la fortaleza de afrontar más eficazmente las experiencias de rechazo; y subteoría de los sistemas socioculturales (el rechazo parental ocurre en un contexto ecológico, más global, que abarca la familia, la comunidad y en un entorno sociocultural. El método en la IPARTheory se caracteriza por utilizar una estrategia multimétodo desde una perspectiva transcultural, y por proveer un marco conceptual para integrar los estudios empíricos sobre aceptación-rechazo interpersonal desde una perspectiva del ciclo vital.

Impacto de la cultura organizacional sobre la innovación de las pymes: un estudio empírico en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karla María Alvarado Ramírez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available El propósito de esta investigación es examinar de manera empírica y cuantitativa el grado de relación existente entre la cultura organizacional y la innovación organizacional. Se realizó un estudio con 260 personas que ocupan cargos operativosy administrativos en las pymes del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. Se analizó el tipo de cultura organizacional a través de la metodología propuesta por Cameron y Quinn, basada en el modelo Competing Value Framework, que permite identificar y clasificar a las empresas por el tipo de cultura dominante que presentan. Los resultados muestran que los tipos de cultura que inciden de forma favorable en la innovación organizacional son la cultura clan, de mercado y la de tipo adhocrática; sin embargo, una cultura muy jerarquizada presenta una correlación baja. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia que tiene la cultura organizacional, y refuerzan la idea de que el liderazgo genera mejoras en el desempeño e innovación organizacional.

Spinal Cord Stimulation Provides Pain Relief with Improved Psychosocial Function: Results from EMP3OWER.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosenberg, Jason; Fabi, Alain; Candido, Kenneth; Knezevic, Nick; Creamer, Michael; Carayannopoulos, Alexios; Ghodsi, Abdi; Nelson, Christopher; Bennett, Matthew

2016-12-01

The EMP 3 OWER™ study evaluated spinal cord stimulation (SCS) safety and efficacy and the associated changes in psychosocial and functional outcomes. Upon informed consent and IRB approval, 620 eligible subjects were enrolled prior to SCS trial evaluation and were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months post-implant. Patient-reported pain relief (PRP), numerical rating scale (NRS), satisfaction, quality of life (QOL), and pain disability index (PDI) were assessed at all follow-up visits while the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), short form-36 (SF-36), short form-McGill pain questionnaire version 2 (SF-MPQ-2), and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) were assessed at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. Device and/or procedure-related adverse events were also recorded and reported. Subjects reporting a PRP ≥ 50% were considered responders. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) examined the changes across time for all continuous measures. A total of 401 (71%) subjects received a permanent implant. Mean (±SD) patient-reported pain relief was 59.3% (±26.2), 59.2% (±28.9), and 58.2% (±32.0) at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. A majority of enrolled subjects were responders at 3 (75.5%), 6 (74.7%), and 12 months (69.7%). RMANOVA revealed a statistically significant change for NRS, PCS, PDI, SF-36, SF-MPQ-2, and STAI scores. At 3 months, the majority of subjects (85.7%) were either very satisfied or satisfied with their device, with similar results at 6 and 12 months. At 3 months, the majority of subjects (73.3%) reported greatly improved or improved QOL with similar results at 6 and 12 months. Spinal cord stimulation provided pain relief and significant improvement of patient psychological and functional outcome measures. © 2016 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Análise empírico-mecanística do efeito do excesso de carga veículos comerciais. (DOI.: 10.5216/reec.v9i2.29489

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thaís Ferrari Réus

2014-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: O dimensionamento dos pavimentos flexíveis vem sendo realizado por meio de métodos empíricos, desenvolvidos na década de 60 e em condições específicas, portanto o seu uso de forma inadequada pode gerar resultados errôneos quando se tratam de situações em que os parâmetros locais de projeto, da região onde se pretende executar o pavimento, não sejam similares às utilizadas na determinação do método. Atualmente há uma tendência de substituição desses métodos pelos empíricos mecanicistas, que permitem avaliar de maneira mais coerente e analítica o comportamento estrutural do pavimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar, de acordo com os tipos de veículos comerciais circulantes no Lote 1 do Anel de Integração do Paraná, a adequação das cargas de tráfego às regulamentações referentes ao limite de peso, bem como a quantificação do efeito danoso proveniente de tal carregamento. Para tanto, foram realizadas simulações no programa ELSYM5 (versão 1.0 desenvolvido na Universidade de Berkeley (1985, para a determinação das deformações estruturais do pavimento e posterior cálculo do Fator de Equivalência de Carga (FEC empírico-mecanístico. Na análise foram utilizados dados de pesagem obtidos nos anos de 2008 e 2009 nos postos de pesagem localizados nas rodovias BR-153 e BR-369, bem como as cargas máximas permitidas por eixo, sem considerar a tolerância. A partir da análise dos resultados concluiu-se que o panorama de carregamento das rodovias é preocupante, afetando o desempenho do pavimento e gerando a necessidade de intervenção, para a recuperação deste, em tempo menor do que o previsto em projeto. ABSTRACT: The design of flexible pavements has been done through empirical methods, developed in the 60s and under specific conditions, therefore its use improperly may produce erroneous results when dealing with situations in which local design parameters where the pavement will be constructed

Value or Growth Strategy? Empirical Evidence in BrazilEstratégia de Valor ou de Crescimento? Evidências Empíricas no Brasil¿Estrategia de Valor o de Crecimiento? Evidencias Empíricas en Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CORDEIRO, Rebeca Albuquerque

2013-03-01

efeito valor-crescimento não se caracteriza no Brasil, uma vez que as evidências empíricas mostraram-se favoráveis às estratégias de crescimento. Em função do longo período estudado, os resultados obtidos podem estar sinalizando o predomínio da estratégia de crescimento no longo prazo. Além disso, ressalta-se a alta volatilidade dos mercados de capitais de países emergentes, conforme destacam Fama e French (1998. Ademais, para estabelecer estratégias de investimento que possibilitem maiores retornos, verificou-se que a variável que melhor identifica as ações de crescimento é o índice book-to-market.RESUMENEste artículo tiene por objetivo verificar la existencia del efecto valor-crecimiento e identificar las variables que explican mejor su impacto sobre el rendimiento de las acciones brasileñas. Para ello, hemos probado las variables book-to-maket, lucro/precio y flujo de caja/precio. Se han aplicado dos enfoques metodológicos: el análisis de la cartera, carteras que se crearon de acuerdo con cada variable de interés y el análisis de regresión con datos de panel sobre la base de activos individuales. La muestra se obtuvo de empresas con acciones negociadas en BM&FBovespa, en el período de 1995 a 2008. De acuerdo con los resultados, las acciones de crecimiento tuvieron un mayor rendimiento que las acciones de valor. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir afirmando que el bien documentado efecto valor-crecimiento no existe en Brasil, ya que la evidencia empírica mostró su apoyo a las estrategias de crecimiento. Debido a que el periodo de tiempo estudiado fue extenso, los resultados pueden indicar el dominio de la estrategia de crecimiento a largo plazo. Por otra parte, destaca la alta volatilidad de los mercados de capitales en los países emergentes, como destacan Fama y French (1998. Además, para establecer estrategias de inversión que permitan una mayor rentabilidad, se deduce que la variable que mejor identifica las acciones de crecimiento es el �

Una Evaluación Empírica del Fondo de Comercio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Larrán Jorge

2000-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se analizará bajo una perspectiva empírica uno de los activos empresariales más controvertidos como es el fondo de comercio. Dicha controversia no se materializa únicamente en su definición, sino también en su cuantificación y tratamiento contable, dando lugar en los últimos años a una importante línea de investigación centrada en la relevancia valorativa del fondo de comercio en particular y de los intangibles en general. Nuestro trabajo plantea un doble objetivo: en primer lugar, estudiar los efectos económicos ocasionados por tratamientos contables alternativos del fondo de comercio, mediante el análisis de la sensibilidad de determinados ratios ante las diversas opciones contables existentes; y, en segundo término, verificar la relevancia valorativa del fondo de comercio desde la perspectiva del mercado de capitales. Para la realización del trabajo hemos utilizado información contable de grupos de empresas españoles e información bursátil correspondiente a la dominante para los ejercicios 1991-1997.Las conclusiones básicas obtenidas se centran en que el análisis empresarial basado en ratios puede verse afectado por el tratamiento contable a que se haya sometido al fondo de comercio. Por otra parte, se obtienen evidencias del incremento en el tiempo de la relevancia valorativa del fondo de comercio en el mercado bursátil español, así como de la dependencia de dicha relevancia de ciertos factores contextuales como el nivel de resultados, la participación del fondo de comercio en el total de activo, etc. This paper analyses from an empirical perspective one of the most controversial of company assets, namely goodwill. The controversial nature of goodwill lies not only in its definition but also in its quantification and accounting treatment, giving rise in recent years to an important line of research centred on the value relevance of goodwill in particular and intangibles in general.The paper has

Efectos de la estrategia y la posición tecnológica en el rendimiento de la PYME manufacturera. Un estudio empírico en empresas mexicanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Gómez Martínez

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Son dos los objetivos de este trabajo; a es identificar las estrategias competitivas y la posición tecnológica que utilizan la PYME de los estados de Puebla y Yucatán; y b realizar un análisis comparativo para conocer si el tipo de estrategias y posición tecnológica utilizada por la PYME industrial de dichos estados influyen en su rendimiento. En un estudio empírico, se comparan dos muestras representativas: 136 PYME poblanas y 169 yucatecas. Los resultados indican que el tipo de estrategia exploradora-analizadora es la que mayormente se usa en ambos estados y que son este tipo de empresas aquellas que tienen mayor rendimiento. También se comprobó que las empresas con posición tecnológica Fuerte- Buena tienen mayor rendimiento que aquellas que tienen posición tecnológica Sostenible-Débil.

Capital social, capital intelectual e innovación de producto. Evidencia empírica en sectores manufactureros intensivos en tecnología

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miriam Delgado-Verde

2013-10-01

Full Text Available El importante papel adquirido por el capital social en los últimos años, debido a las características del entorno competitivo actual, así como las redes sociales a partir de las cuales se desarrolla, lleva a plantear un estudio como el presente. En este sentido, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de obtener recursos y conocimientos derivados de las interacciones entre los empleados de una organización, parece interesante analizar su relevancia dentro del proceso de innovación de producto por las exigencias competitivas del ámbito empresarial. De este modo, se propone un modelo teórico y empírico de capital social, basado en el Enfoque de Capital Intelectual, pero considerando estudios específicos sobre tal concepto, a partir del cual se pueda identificar su influencia sobre la innovación de producto. Así, este estudio arroja resultados positivos respecto a la relación entre las tres dimensiones de capital social: 1 red social, 2 visión compartida y 3 confianza y apoyo social, y la innovación de producto en los sectores españoles manufactureros de alta y media-alta tecnología.

Cómo Afectan los Impuestos a la Calidad del Resultado? Evidencia Empírica en las Empresas Españolas no Cotizadas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Sánchez Segura

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar empíricamente en qué medida los impuestos afectan a la calidad del resultado en las compañías españolas no cotizadas. Tomando una amplia muestra de empresas, documentamos en qué circunstancias la tributación puede reducir la calidad de la información contable. No obstante, el objetivo de reducir costes fiscales está confinado a las compañías que no presentan riesgos derivados del endeudamiento. Nuestros resultados se mantienen robustos tras controlar las características corporativas que la literatura señala como determinantes innatos de la calidad contable y empleando especificaciones alternativas.This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of the extent to which taxes affect the earnings quality disclosed by non-listed Spanish companies. Based on a large sample of firms, we document the circumstances in which taxation may reduce the quality of accounting information. Notwithstanding, the aim for diminishing fiscal expenses is restricted to companies that are not exposed to the risks associated to leverage. Our results are robust after controlling for those corporate characteristics found by the published literature as innate determinants of the quality of accounting information as well as in the presence of alternative functional specifications.

Regimes de crescimento econômico no Brasil: evidências empíricas e implicações de política

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliane Araújo

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo investiga o regime de crescimento vigente na economia brasileira de 2001 a 2009, apresentando um modelo teórico que serve de base para a investigação empírica referente à economia brasileira. Os resultados mostram que internamente o regime de crescimento da economia brasileira é do tipo wage-led, mas quando se considera o setor externo, esse pode ser caracterizado como profit-led. Isso traz implicações importantes para a análise convencional dos efeitos de uma depreciação da taxa de câmbio sobre a produção doméstica, mais especificamente que uma depreciação na taxa de câmbio tende a ter efeitos expansionistas sobre a produção nacional.This article investigates the growth regime prevailing in the Brazilian economy from 2001 to 2009 by presenting a theoretical model that underpins the empirical research concerning the Brazilian economy. The results show that, internally, the growth regime of the Brazilian economy is wage-led, but when considering the external sector it can be characterized as profit-led. This has important implications for a conventional analysis of the effects of a depreciation of the exchange rate on domestic production. More specifically, depreciation in the exchange rate tends to have expansionary effects on domestic production.

Encuadre normativo y empírico para un diagnóstico del trabajo infantil en México (Normative and empirical framework for a diagnose of child labour in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica González Contró

2012-05-01

Full Text Available This paper seeks to diagnose the phenomenon of children and adolescent labour in Mexico from the legal and empirical perspective, while expecting to make visible underlying, persistent and oftenly hidden realities. With this framework, we present a general path concerning some legal instruments that allow us to define and categorize the studied phenomenon, and we carry out an empirical analysis from a series of indicators developed in the Module of child labour included in the National Survey of Occupation and Employment raised by National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, INEGI in 2009. Information and analyzed data allow us to conclude in a broad manner that the constitutional and legal prohibition to child labour has not fulfill its eradication, further more, not starting from the approach of rights has implied a position of more vulnerability to underage persons who work due to several circumstances, whether economical, social or cultural. En este trabajo se busca realizar una aproximación diagnóstica al fenómeno del trabajo infantil y adolescente en México con miras a visibilizar aspectos que han estado invisibilizados a lo largo del tiempo, desde la perspectiva legal y empírica. En este marco, se hace un recorrido general de algunos instrumentos legales que permiten definir y categorizar el fenómeno, y se realiza un análisis empírico a partir de una serie de indicadores surgidos del Módulo de Trabajo Infantil incluido en la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo levantada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía en el año 2009. La información manejada, así como los datos analizados permiten concluir de manera general que la prohibición constitucional y legal del trabajo infantil no ha conseguido su erradicación, y el no partir de un enfoque de derechos colocaría en una posición de mayor vulnerabilidad a las personas menores de edad que trabajan por

Positive Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites With Multiple var2csa-Type PfEMP1 Genes During the Course of Infection in Pregnant Women

Science.gov (United States)

Salanti, Ali; Lavstsen, Thomas; Nielsen, Morten A.; Theander, Thor G.; Leke, Rose G. F.; Lo, Yeung Y.; Bobbili, Naveen; Arnot, David E.; Taylor, Diane W.

2011-01-01

Placental malaria infections are caused by Plasmodium falciparum–infected red blood cells sequestering in the placenta by binding to chondroitin sulfate A, mediated by VAR2CSA, a variant of the PfEMP1 family of adhesion antigens. Recent studies have shown that many P. falciparum genomes have multiple genes coding for different VAR2CSA proteins, and parasites with >1 var2csa gene appear to be more common in pregnant women with placental malaria than in nonpregnant individuals. We present evidence that, in pregnant women, parasites containing multiple var2csa-type genes possess a selective advantage over parasites with a single var2csa gene. Accumulation of parasites with multiple copies of the var2csa gene during the course of pregnancy was also correlated with the development of antibodies involved in blocking VAR2CSA adhesion. The data suggest that multiplicity of var2csa-type genes enables P. falciparum parasites to persist for a longer period of time during placental infections, probably because of their greater capacity for antigenic variation and evasion of variant-specific immune responses. PMID:21592998

Efecto de la innovación en el crecimiento y el desempeño de las Mipymes de la Alianza del Pacífico. Un estudio empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Domingo García-Pérez de Lema

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza el efecto de la actividad innovadora sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento de las Mipyme de los países de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP. Para ello se realizó un estudio empírico con una muestra de 386 empresas de Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Para verificar las relaciones planteadas se utilizan regresiones lineales múltiples por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO. Los resultados muestran que la innovación en productos, en procesos y en gestión impacta positivamente el crecimiento del empleo y las ventas, y así mismo a las utilidades. Estos resultados son especialmente relevantes para los países de la AP y pueden ayudar a los empresarios, a los gobiernos y a la academia para impulsar acciones que favorezcan la innovación de las empresas y su competitividad.

Evicencia Empírica en Torno al Estudio del Factor Tamaño cono Condicionante Empresarial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Elena Gómez Miranda

2004-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo presentamos las principales conclusiones obtenidas a través de la realización de un estudio empírico, con el que contrastamos la hipótesis del condicionamiento empresarial por razón de su dimensión. La investigación se ha realizado a través de la aplicación de diversas técnicas de análisis multivariable, concretamente el análisis factorial, cluster y discriminante, sobre la información relativa a una muestra integrada por 6.600 empresas. Para la definición del tamaño empresarial se han tomado como referencia diversos criterios, los cuales están basados en los utilizados por algunas Centrales de Balances españolas para la clasificación y explotación de sus bases de datos. La interpretación de los resultados obtenidos nos permite concluir que las características económico-financieras de las empresas que integran nuestra muestra son independientes de su dimensión, incumpliéndose por tanto la hipótesis del condicionamiento empresarial por razón de su tamaño. In this paper we point out the main conclusions obtained through an empirical study carried out in order to check the hypothesis with regard to firm conditioning in view of its size. The research has been carried out by applying diverse techniques of multivariable analysis, specifically factorial analysis, cluster and discriminant, on the basis of the information available from a sample made up by 6.600 firms. Diverse criteria used by certain Spanish Commercial Performance Information Bureaus to classify and work with their database, have been taken as a reference in the outline of a firms size. According to the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the economic and financial characteristics of the firms examined do not depend on their size, and therefore the hypothesis of firm nature according to its size is not confirmed.

Poder de mercado no segmento de distribuição de gasolina C: uma análise a partir da Nova Organização Industrial Empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosangela Aparecida Soares Fernandes

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o grau de poder de mercado no setor de distribuição de gasolina C, nas regiões brasileiras, no período de 2002 a 2008. Para tal, baseou-se na Teoria da Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (NOIE, especificamente, no modelo proposto por Bresnahan (1982 e Lau (1982. Uma versão dinâmica do modelo também foi estimada. Os resultados indicaram que, exceto para a região Norte, para o modelo estático, as empresas distribuidoras de gasolina C não agem como tomadoras de preços (Λ = 0. No outro extremo, a hipótese de conluio perfeito (Λ = 1 entre elas foi rejeitada. Verificou-se que, em várias regiões, os parâmetros revelaram-se suficientemente baixos, sugerindo que as empresas distribuidoras apresentam elevada competição entre si.

Contraste empírico del CAPM en el mercado accionario chileno Empirical test of the CAPM in the Chilean stock market

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos A Díaz Contreras

2012-08-01

Full Text Available El modelo de valoración de activos de capital (Capital Asset Pricing Model - CAPM es uno de los modelos más utilizados en la práctica para determinar el premio por riesgo de un activo individual o cartera. El presente trabajo realiza un contraste empírico del CAPM en el mercado accionario chileno, empleando las metodologías de serie temporal y de eficiencia media-varianza, basada en la estimación por el método generalizado de momentos (MGM. El contraste se llevó a cabo usando rentabilidades mensuales de títulos individuales para el periodo 1997-2007 y usando una cartera de igual ponderación como proxy para la cartera de mercado. Los resultados de todas las metodologías empleadas muestran que el CAPM explica satisfactoriamente el corte transversal de retornos esperados en Chile.The capital asset pricing model (CAPM is one of the most used models in practice to determine the risk premium of an individual asset or portfolio. This paper tests the CAPM in the Chilean stock market using the time series methodology and the generalized method of moments to test mean-variance efficiency. This work uses monthly returns of individual stocks between 1997 and 2007 and considers an equally weighted portfolio as a proxy for the market portfolio. The results show that the CAPM explains successfully the cross section of expected stock returns in Chile.

Compatibilidad o conflicto entre objetivos sociales y financieros de las microfinanzas: debates teóricos y evidencia empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Gutiérrez-Goiria

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Las microfinanzas representan un sector en crecimiento, que no está exento de cuestionamientos. Los efectos de estas prácticas, así como los posibles conflictos entre los objetivos sociales y financieros, son cuestiones aún debatidas que precisan profundización. El artículo parte de los análisis teóricos y empíricos, que abordan diferentes aspectos sobre las Instituciones Microfinancieras y su operativa. En el sector conviven los enfoques orientados a las necesidades de desarrollo y sociales, junto a otros más cercanos a la economía financiera y a la ampliación de la base del sistema financiero. Las posibles tensiones entre estas visiones, que podrían por ejemplo plantear problemas para trabajar atendiendo a los más pobres de forma sostenible, se sitúan como una preocupación clave. En este marco, partiendo de un profundo análisis teórico y bibliográfico, se realiza un estudio cuantitativo a partir de una amplia base de datos, que abarca más de 1.000 instituciones microfinancieras, tratadas con un Análisis de Componentes Principales. Además de arrojar luz sobre otras cuestiones, el artículo concluye que no existe una contradicción insoslayable entre la búsqueda de una mayor proyección social de las Instituciones Microfinancieras y su propia solvencia financiera, mostrando que, en la práctica, ambas cuestiones pueden ser compatibles y complementarias.

La Activación de las Diferencias Temporales Positivas en Empresas Cotizadas Españolas: un Estudio Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Moreno Rojas

2010-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores que pueden determinar la decisión de activar impuestos anticipados, también conocidos como activos fiscales diferidos. Esa decisión afecta a conceptos tales como: el resultado neto, el nivel de endeudamiento, o la liquidez de la empresa. Para el estudio empírico fue utilizado una muestra aleatoria de cuentas anuales de 124 empresas, cotizadas durante el período 1999-2001. Se dará continuidad posterior, con el análisis de las cuentas anuales de estas empresas españolas y brasileñas hasta el cierre del año de 2009, que posibilitará realizar un estudio comparativo. Para cada empresa y año, se ha calculado, el valor de una variable que mide el peso que las diferencias temporales positivas representan sobre el resultado contable, antes de los impuestos. Ante la comprobación del no cumplimiento de los requisitos necesarios para la aplicación de un análisis de varianza (ANOVA, fueron realizadas diversas pruebas no paramétricas, concretamente la prueba de la mediana y el análisis de la varianza de KrusKal-Wallis. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los niveles de endeudamiento, liquidez y rentabilidad son factores determinantes del peso, que las diferencias temporales positivas representan con respecto al resultado contable antes de los impuestos, apreciándose que un endeudamiento alto y una baja liquidez, aumentan la propensión a la activación de impuestos anticipados.

Factores Determinantes del Retraso en la Emisión del Informe de Auditoria. Un Análisis Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Sánchez Segura

2000-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar, adoptando una metodología empírica, las causas determinantes del retraso en la emisión del informe de auditoria. Los resultados obtenidos, acordes con los documentados en la literatura contable referida a otros países, ponen de manifiesto que existe una consistente relación estadística entre el retraso en la firma del informe y la presencia de salvedades; además, agrupando las salvedades en función de su importancia, se ha comprobado que este retraso es mayor a medida que aumenta la gravedad de la salvedad recibida. También son variables relevantes para explicar el citado retraso la presencia de algunas características corporativas de las entidades y la firma de auditoria que ejecuta la misma. The purpose of this paper was to conduct an empirical analysis of the determinant factors for the delay in the release of the audit report Our results are consistent with those of previous studies carried out in other countries, in that they provide evidence on the existence of a consistent statistical relationship between the delay in signing the report and the existence of qualifications; moreover grouping the qualification in terms of their importance has verified that this delay is greater the more serious is the received qualification. We also found that certain corporate characteristics and the identity of the audit firm helped to explain the delay in the delivery of the audit report.

Fundamentos filosóficos y empíricos de la investigación en ciencia de la educación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siegfried Uhl

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La palabra "ciencia" expresa el resultado de la actividad de la investigación en algún campo; las ciencias que investigan objetos o hechos que están en la realidad se llaman ciencias reales. La Ciencia de la Educación es una ciencia real. Por ciencia entendemos también la actividad investigadora. Las proposiciones científicas han de ser tan simples y generales como se pueda, han de ser objetivas y han de explicar si los hechos corresponden a nuestras hipótesis. La Ciencia de la Educación es empírica y ha de ser elaborada de un modo analítico-causal, predictivo y tecnológico. La Pedagogía Práctica, en cambio, ha de contener juicios de valor (los fines de la educación. Los métodos científicos cuantitativos utilizan el cálculo y elaboran leyes generales; los métodos cualitativos proporcionan la comprensión de casos particulares y de hechos complejos. Se suele admitir que en la investigación sobre la educación se utilizan los dos tipos de métodos, según cada cuestión. El proceso de investigación tiene seis pasos: planteamiento del problema, documentación sobre lo que ya se sabe de él, formulación de hipótesis, recopilación de datos, tratamiento e interpretación de los datos y descripción de los resultados.

El papel moderador de la asertividad y la ansiedad social en el acoso psicológico en el trabajo: dos estudios empíricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BERNARDO MORENO-JIMÉNEZ

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Tradicionalmente, la investigación sobre el acoso psicológico se ha focalizado en los estresores laborales y los factores contextuales como factores antecedentes. Sin embargo, la asociación entre los antecedentes organizacionales y el acoso es compleja y son varias las características de personalidad y factores individuales que pueden actuar como moderadores de esta relación (Einarsen, 2000. Para contrastarlo, se llevaron a cabo dos estudios empíricos para examinar el papel moderador de la personalidad en el proceso del acoso psicológico en el trabajo. En el primer estudio la muestra estuvo formada por 120 inmigrantes latinoamericanos. De acuerdo con la hipótesis inicial, los resultados de los análisis de regresión múltiple jerárquica mostraron que la asertividad moderaba la relación entre el antecedente organizacional inequidad laboral y el acoso psicológico. El segundo estudio se realizó en 183 víctimas de acoso. Los resultados mostraron que la ansiedad social y la asertividad moderaban la relación entre el acoso y sus efectos sobre la salud. Además, se encontraron diferencias de género en las quejas de salud derivadas del acoso.

Persistencia y capacidad predictiva de márgenes y rotaciones. Un análisis empírico.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Monterrey

2011-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTThis paper presents an empirical analysis of the persistence and predictive ability of the components the profitability ratio, namely, margin and turnover. Based on a large sample of Spanish companies, we document that the persistence of turnover is greater than that of profit margin and that abnormal components of both, turnover and margin have a lower degree of persistence when compared to industry components. As for predictive ability, our findings confirm that albeit having a lower persistence, margin has a greater predictive power than turnover. By decomposing margin and turnover into their industry and abnormal components, we confirm that abnormal items have a greater predictive ability than industry components. Additional tests revealed that our findings are robust, although the predictive power of our variables changes depending on their sign as well as in the presence of positive and negative earnings.RESUMENEn el presente trabajo abordamos el estudio empírico de la persistencia y capacidad predictiva de los componentes margen y rotación de la rentabilidad. A partir de una amplia muestra de compañías españolas, hemos documentado cómo la persistencia de la rotación es superior a la del margen, y cómo los componentes anormales de margen y rotación son menos persistentes que sus componentes sectoriales. Con relación a la capacidad predictiva, nuestros hallazgos confirman que el poder de predicción del margen es más elevado que el de la rotación, aunque su persistencia sea menor. Al separar los componentes sectorial y anormal de margen y rotación hemos comprobado cómo los componentes anormales muestran una capacidad predictiva superior a los componentes sectoriales. Los análisis complementarios muestran el distinto poder predictivo según el signo positivo o negativo de márgenes y rotaciones anormales, y según el signo del resultado, así como la robustez de nuestros hallazgos.

Surgeons’ and Emergency Physicians’ Perceptions of Trauma Management and Training

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hemphill, Robin R

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Objective: The study objective was to determine whether surgeons and emergency medicine physicians (EMPs have differing opinions on trauma residency training and trauma management in clinical practice.Methods: A survey was mailed to 250 EMPs and 250 surgeons randomly selected.Results: Fifty percent of surgeons perceived that surgery exclusively managed trauma compared to 27% of EMPs. Surgeons were more likely to feel that only surgeons should manage trauma on presentation to the ED. However, only 60% of surgeons currently felt comfortable with caring for the trauma patient, compared to 84% of EMPs. Compared to EMPs, surgeons are less likely to feel that EMPs can initially manage the trauma patient (71% of surgeons vs. 92% of EMPs.Conclusion: EMPs are comfortable managing trauma while many surgeons do not feel comfortable with the complex trauma patient although the majority of surgeons responded that surgeons should manage the trauma.[WestJEM. 2009;10:144-149.

Vulnerabilidad frente al cambio climático en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile: posiciones teóricas versus evidencias empíricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliane Welz

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Para la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile (RMS, el cambio climático implica diferentes impactos que se suman a la continua expansión urbana y a cambios en los patrones de uso del suelo, los cuales a su vez acrecientan las amenazas hidroclimáticas, como las inundaciones y el calor extremo. En general, estos cambios tendrán notables consecuencias para la vulnerabilidad residencial. Especialmente las familias de bajos recursos y los asentamientos ilegales en grandes ciudades con crecimiento acelerado suelen ser los más vulnerables, debido a una mayor exposición y a una limitada capacidad de respuesta. Este artículo contrasta posiciones teóricas sobre las dimensiones socioeconómicas, físico-constructivas y urbano-rurales de la vulnerabilidad con evidencias empíricas, para entender quiénes son los más afectados por las inundaciones y el calor extremo en la Rms. Como muestran los resultados del estudio, las posiciones teóricas no se reflejan en los análisis cuantitativos. La vulnerabilidad depende de cada contexto y requiere políticas adecuadas para distintos territorios.

Evidencia empírica de los economistas españoles tras 5 años de aplicación de la reforma contable

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salvador Marín Hernández

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Transcurridos 5 años desde la aplicación efectiva de la reforma contable en España, con el presente trabajo se ha buscado mostrar la opinión de los «Economistas Expertos en Contabilidad e Información Financiera» (ECIFCGE sobre diversas cuestiones relacionadas con la misma. Para ello se ha utilizado una base empírica obtenida de sendas encuestas realizadas en 2008, 2009 y, la última, a finales del año 2012. De forma general se concluye que los economistas españoles, de este ámbito de la profesión, tienen un amplio conocimiento de la normativa que emana de la reforma contable; que este ha aumentado y/o se ha consolidado con el paso del tiempo; que las complicaciones han disminuido con el transcurso del mismo, que ven ahora con menos distancia la adaptación y el uso de las NIC/NIIF, y que su dominio ha aumentado con el grado de conocimiento y formación. De forma específica siguen ocupando mayor dedicación las áreas de patrimonio neto, valoración de activos y pasivos financieros, derivados, grupos 8 y 9, partes vinculadas y resultados extraordinarios, pero con valores medios en disminución por cada año transcurrido.

El diálogo entre la lógica y la ciencia empírica: sobre los modelos y la modelización

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Vidart

1984-05-01

Full Text Available La preocupación contemporánea por refinar métodos y técnicas de investigación ha provocado un singular fenómeno en la ciencia o mejor, en la epistemología, que es aquella parte de la teoría del conocimiento aplicada a la obtención de un conocimiento científico válido. Por un lado, el exagerado afán de modelización ha desembocado en el platonismo de los modelos "neutros" o meta empíricos, (es decir, metafísicos y por otro, el perfeccionismo y aun preciosismo metodológicos han dado lugar al surgimiento de una nueva escolástica. Este artículo, al señalar dichas desviaciones, -en parte debidas a los desarrollos lógicos y lingüísticos del Circulo de Viena y sus seguidores-, sugiere que un retorno a las fuentes concretas de la factualidad puede constituir un saludable antídoto "nominalista" contra el exagerado "realismo" (en el sentido platónico de las esencias de los modelizadores y metodólogos que convierten a la teoría en el supremo expediente para interpretar el mundo mientras relegan a la praxis, que lo manipula y transforma, al papel de una desdeñable banausia.

Gobierno Corporativo y Calidad de la Información Contable: Evidencia Empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JUAN MONTERREY MAYORAL

2008-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo analizamos empíricamente los efectos de las actividades de Gobierno Corporativo sobre la calidad del resultado de las compañías cotizadas en el mercado español de capitales. Nuestros resultados han puesto de manifiesto una moderada influencia de las tareas desempeñadas por el grado de actividad del Consejo de Administración, que guarda una relación positiva y significativa con la calidad del resultado, pero no su tamaño y composición. Con relación al Comité de Auditoría, ninguna de las variables ha resultado ser estadísticamente significativa, y con respecto a la participación del equipo directivo en la propiedad de la firma, los resultados obtenidos indican cómo moderados niveles de propiedad gerencial aportan un efecto benéfico sobre la calidad contable, si bien a medida que su participación se eleva el efecto se invierte y se hace adverso. También hemos mostrado cómo la presencia de las familias fundadoras en el capital favorece la calidad contable, sin que hayamos obtenido evidencia de efecto alguno de la participación de tenedores de bloques significativos.This paper presents an empirical analysis of the impact of Corporate Governance practices on the quality of earnings reported by Spanish listed companies. Based on a sample of 136 non-financial firms over the period 2003-2005, we computed abnormal accruals based on Jones (1991 model as a proxy for earnings quality and experimental variables representing size, independence and activeness of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee, CEO power concentration, board members’ compensation schemes and ownership structure. Our results suggest that earnings quality is slightly positively affected by the nature and intensiveness of the activities carried out by the Board, but has no relationship with its size and composition. None of the variables related to the Audit Committee showed a significant association with earnings quality. As for

Efectos de la gestión organizacional en la rentabilidad en PYMES: evidencias empíricas y algunas consideraciones teóricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Willington Ortíz Rojas

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Cualquier resultado empresarial deviene de un proceso gerencial previo, el cual necesitó de una estructura organizacional que proporcionara forma y acción a los procesos de comunicación y decisión, acordados a su vez al interior de la figura formal de la firma. En este artículo se busca poner en consideración algunas propuestas teóricas a partir de evidencias empíricas, sobre las relaciones que surgen entre tales prácticas y los procesos gerenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas –Pymes– y sus resultados en términos de rentabilidad. Para esto se hizo uso de metodologías de análisis estadístico de datos (metodologías multifactoriales y econométricas (modelos de regresión que permitieron, por un lado, resumir el número y complejidad de las variables consideradas a aquellas más representativas según su influencia en los resultados, principalmente en el ROA (return on assets y en segundo lugar, indagar por las variables que mejor explican las diferencias en resultados financieros entre las empresas consideradas. Se pretende enriquecer el debate actual sobre la importancia de una gerencia articulada a las necesidades de las Pymes latinoamericanas, y la exploración de metodologías de intervención para la modernización de las actuales prácticas gerenciales en este tipo de organizaciones.

Fatores de impacto na Atitude e na Intenção de uso do M-learning: um teste empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Kurtz

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica em que se propõe um modelo para avaliar a atitude e a intenção de uso do mobile-learning(m-learning por estudantes do ensino superior de um curso de administração baseado na teoria do flow, no Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia e na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. A partir deste arcabouço teórico elaborou-se uma atividade prática envolvendo o uso de dispositivos com tecnologia móvel digital (celulares em que se buscou aplicar o m-learning para estimular os estudantes a unir a teoria à prática. Em seguida, foi feita uma survey respondida por 235 universitários, em que se buscou compreender os fatores que influenciam a atitude e a intenção de uso do m-learning para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio de equações estruturais e os resultados mostraram fortes efeitos positivos dos fatores utilidade, diversão e controle do comportamento percebidos pelos estudantes na atitude e na intenção de uso do m-learning. Por fim, verificou-se que a atividade de uso prático realizada com os alunos mostrou que o uso do celular em uma atividade acadêmica pôde proporcionar a construção e o entendimento deles das relações entre a teoria apresentada e a prática em um ambiente real.

Endothelial cell-derived microparticles loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles: feasibility of MR imaging monitoring in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Al Faraj, Achraf; Gazeau, Florence; Wilhelm, Claire; Devue, Cécile; Guérin, Coralie L; Péchoux, Christine; Paradis, Valérie; Clément, Olivier; Boulanger, Chantal M; Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel

2012-04-01

To assess the feasibility of loading iron oxide nanoparticles in endothelial microparticles (EMPs), thereby enabling their noninvasive monitoring with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in mice. Experiments were approved by the French Ministry of Agriculture. Endothelial cells, first labeled with anionic superparamagnetic nanoparticles, were stimulated to generate EMPs, carrying the nanoparticles in their inner compartment. C57BL/6 mice received an intravenous injection of nanoparticle-loaded EMPs, free nanoparticles, or the supernatant of nanoparticle-loaded EMPs. A 1-week follow-up was performed with a 4.7-T MR imaging device by using a gradient-echo sequence for imaging spleen, liver, and kidney and a radial very-short-echo time sequence for lung imaging. Comparisons were performed by using the Student t test. The signal intensity loss induced by nanoparticle-loaded EMPs or free nanoparticles was readily detected within 5 minutes after injection in the liver and spleen, with a more pronounced effect in the spleen for the magnetic EMPs. The kinetics of signal intensity attenuation differed for nanoparticle-loaded EMPs and free nanoparticles. No signal intensity changes were observed in mice injected with the supernatant of nanoparticle-loaded EMPs, confirming that cells had not released free nanoparticles, but only in association with EMPs. The results were confirmed by using Perls staining and immunofluorescence analysis. The strategy to generate EMPs with magnetic properties allowed noninvasive MR imaging assessment and follow-up of EMPs and opens perspectives for imaging the implications of these cellular vectors in diseases. © RSNA, 2012.

Antibodies to variant antigens on the surfaces of infected erythrocytes are associated with protection from malaria in Ghanaian children

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dodoo, D; Staalsoe, T; Giha, H

2001-01-01

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a variant antigen expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes. Each parasite genome contains about 40 PfEMP1 genes, but only 1 PfEMP1 gene is expressed at a given time. PfEMP1 serves as a parasite-sequestering ligand to endoth...

(R)-[11C]Emopamil as a novel tracer for imaging enhanced P-glycoprotein function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toyohara, Jun; Okamoto, Mayumi; Aramaki, Hiroki; Zaitsu, Yuto; Shimizu, Isao; Ishiwata, Kiichi

2016-01-01

Introduction: 2-Isopropyl-5-[methyl-(2-phenylethyl)amino]-2-phenylpentanenitrile (emopamil; EMP) is a calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, with weak substrate properties for P-glycoprotein (P-gp). A weak substrate for P-gp would be suitable for measuring enhanced P-gp function. This study was performed to synthesise (R)- and (S)-[ 11 C]EMP and characterise their properties as P-gp tracers. Methods: We synthesised (R)- and (S)-[ 11 C]EMP and compared their biodistribution, peripheral metabolism, and effects of the P-gp inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA, 50 mg/kg). We compared the brain pharmacokinetics of (R)-[ 11 C]EMP and (R)-[ 11 C]verapamil [(R)-[ 11 C]VER] at baseline and CsA pretreatment with small animal positron emission tomography (PET). Results: (R)- and (S)-[ 11 C]EMP were synthesised from (R)- and (S)-noremopamil, respectively, by methylation with [ 11 C]methyl triflate in the presence of NaOH at room temperature. (R)- and (S)-[ 11 C]EMP yields were ~ 30%, with specific activity > 74 GBq/μmol and radiochemical purity > 99%. (R)-[ 11 C]EMP showed significantly greater uptake in the mouse brain than (S)-[ 11 C]EMP. Both showed homogeneous non-stereoselective regional brain distributions. (R)- and (S)-[ 11 C]EMP were rapidly metabolised to hydrophilic metabolites. Unchanged plasma (S)-[ 11 C]EMP level was significantly lower than that of (R)-[ 11 C]EMP 15 minutes post-injection, whilst > 88% of radioactivity in the brain was intact at 15 minutes post-injection and was non-stereoselective. CsA pretreatment increased brain activity ~ 3-fold in mice, but was non-stereoselective. The baseline area-under-the-curve (AUC) of brain radioactivity (0–60 minutes) of (R)-[ 11 C]EMP was 2-fold higher than that of (R)-[ 11 C]VER, but their AUCs after CsA pretreatment were comparable. Conclusions: (R)-[ 11 C]EMP is a novel tracer for imaging P-gp function with higher baseline uptake than (R)-[ 11 C]VER.

Aspectos conceptuales y empíricos de la financiación de nuevas empresas en Colombia Conceptual and empirical aspects of the financing of new companies in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Barona Zuluaga

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación empírica sobre la utilización de diferentes fuentes de financiación por parte de empresas nuevas en los primeros anos de vida. El principal soporte conceptual del estudio es el paradigma del ciclo de crecimiento financiero desarrollado por Berger y Udell (1998, el cual explica satisfactoriamente los hallazgos encontrados en el componente empírico del estudio aquí presentado, que se basa en una encuesta realizada a 130 empresarios de la Ciudad de Cali (Colombia. Los entrevistados reportaron de manera mayoritaria el uso de recursos propios y de familiares y amigos y la retención de utilidades en los primeros anos de vida de una empresa. Le sigue en importancia a estas fuentes, la financiación provista por establecimientos de crédito; llama la atención la importancia relativa del leasing. Las recomendaciones mas importantes incluyen: fortalecer las fuentes de capital semilla, darle mayor peso en los cursos de finanzas de nivel universitario al estudio de los problemas de las empresas nuevas y MIPYMES, adelantar una reforma financiera que facilite la emisión de acciones y mejorar la cantidad y calidad de información pública disponible sobre la financiación de las empresas objeto de este estudio.This article presents the results of an empirical research on the type of financial resources used by a sample of new enterprises in their early years of life. The main conceptual support of the study is the financial growth cycle paradigm developed by Berger and Udell (1998. This paradigm successfully explains the findings in the empirical component of the study presented here, which is based on a survey of 130 entrepreneurs in the city of Cali, Colombia. The survey results highlighted the importance of the use of financial resources provided by the owner and theirs family and friends, and of the retention of profits in their companies in the early years. Next in importance is the

Princípios nas ciências empíricas e o seu tratamento em livros didáticos Principles in the empirical sciences and their treatment in textbooks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Francisco Custódio

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, analisamos o papel desempenhado pelos princípios na produção e no ensino de conteúdos científicos. Nós constatamos que nas ciências empíricas princípios são guias heurísticos genéricos na produção científica. E exercendo essa função, um princípio é capaz de limitar consideravelmente as possíveis arbitrariedades dentro de um sistema teórico. No ensino, focalizamos o tratamento do princípio de conservação de energia em livros didáticos de física. Nós concluímos que existe uma frágil relação entre teorias/modelos e objetos/eventos nos livros didáticos; disso decorre que o tratamento dos princípios assume apenas o papel de técnica adicional para a resolução de problemas fechados, um estatuto epistemológico reduzido e diferente daquele das ciências empíricas. Nós sugerimos que tratar os princípios nos livros didáticos aproximando-os de sua função teórica exige incentivar a atividade de criação dos estudantes na construção de significados balizada na validade dos princípios. Isto se daria por meio da apresentação de situações físicas não modelizadas, não idealizadas e abstraídas. Assim, a riqueza heurística do princípio estaria sendo explorada, e não somente aspectos operacionais.In this article, we analyse the role performed by the principles in teaching scientific content. We observed that principles in the empirical sciences are generic heuristic guides in scientific production and by exercising this function, a principle is able to limit the feasible arbitrarinesses inside a theoretical system. In teaching, we have focused on the treatment of energy conservation principles in physics textbooks. We concluded that there is a fragile relationship between theory/model and objects/events in textbooks: consequently the treatment of principles only assumes a role as an additional technique to solve given problems. We suggested the enhanced treatment of principles in textbooks by

Uma análise empírica da volatilidade do retorno de commodities agrícolas utilizando modelos ARCH: os casos do café e da soja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Washington Santos da Silva

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Examinou-se o processo da volatilidade dos retornos de duas importantes commodities agrícolas brasileiras, o café e a soja, por meio de modelos da classe ARCH. Os resultados empíricos sugerem fortes sinais de persistência e assimetria na volatilidade de ambas as séries. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que a implementação de políticas que criem, facilitem o acesso e estimulem a utilização de instrumentos de hedging baseados no mercado podem ser estratégias adequadas para tais setores diante da persistência de choques e volatilidade pronunciadas constatadas para os retornos destas commoditiesWe examined the volatility process of the returns of two important Brazilian agricultural commodities, coffee and soy, using ARCH class models. Empirical results suggest strong signs of persistence and asymmetry in the volatility of both series. Furthermore, the results suggest that the design of policies that create, facilitate the access and stimulate the use of market-based hedging devices can be proper strategies for such sectors in view of the persistence of shocks and the pronounced volatility found for the returns of these commodities.

Ultrashort laser pulses and electromagnetic pulse generation in air and on dielectric surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sprangle, P.; Penano, J.R.; Hafizi, B.; Kapetanakos, C.A.

2004-01-01

Intense, ultrashort laser pulses propagating in the atmosphere have been observed to emit sub-THz electromagnetic pulses (EMPS). The purpose of this paper is to analyze EMP generation from the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with air and with dielectric surfaces and to determine the efficiency of conversion of laser energy to EMP energy. In our self-consistent model the laser pulse partially ionizes the medium, forms a plasma filament, and through the ponderomotive forces associated with the laser pulse, drives plasma currents which are the source of the EMP. The propagating laser pulse evolves under the influence of diffraction, Kerr focusing, plasma defocusing, and energy depletion due to electron collisions and ionization. Collective effects and recombination processes are also included in the model. The duration of the EMP in air, at a fixed point, is found to be a few hundred femtoseconds, i.e., on the order of the laser pulse duration plus the electron collision time. For steady state laser pulse propagation the flux of EMP energy is nonradiative and axially directed. Radiative EMP energy is present only for nonsteady state or transient laser pulse propagation. The analysis also considers the generation of EMP on the surface of a dielectric on which an ultrashort laser pulse is incident. For typical laser parameters, the power and energy conversion efficiency from laser radiation to EMP radiation in both air and from dielectric surfaces is found to be extremely small, -8 . Results of full-scale, self-consistent, numerical simulations of atmospheric and dielectric surface EMP generation are presented. A recent experiment on atmospheric EMP generation is also simulated

Exchange Market Pressure on the Croatian Kuna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Srđan Tatomir

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Currency crises exert strong pressure on currencies often causing costly economic adjustment. A measure of exchange market pressure (EMP gauges the severity of such tensions. Measuring EMP is important for monetary authorities that manage exchange rates. It is also relevant in academic research that studies currency crises. A precise EMP measure is therefore important and this paper reexamines the measurement of EMP on the Croatian kuna. It improves it by considering intervention data and thresholds that account for the EMP distribution. It also tests the robustness of weights. A discussion of the results demonstrates a modest improvement over the previous measure and concludes that the new EMP on the Croatian kuna should be used in future research.

Hierarchical, domain type-specific acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in Tanzanian children

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cham, Gerald K K; Turner, Louise; Kurtis, Jonathan D

2010-01-01

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a variant antigen expressed on the surface of malaria-infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 attaches to the vascular lining and allows infected erythrocytes to avoid filtration through the spleen. Each parasite genome encodes about 60 diffe...... and play a major role in limiting parasite multiplication in the blood.......Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a variant antigen expressed on the surface of malaria-infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 attaches to the vascular lining and allows infected erythrocytes to avoid filtration through the spleen. Each parasite genome encodes about 60...... different PfEMP1 variants, each PfEMP1 comprises several domains in its extracellular region, and the PfEMP1 repertoire in different parasites contains domain types that are serologically cross-reactive. In this longitudinal study, we followed 672 children living in an area of high malaria transmission...

Sequential, ordered acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 domains

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cham, Gerald K K; Turner, Louise; Lusingu, John

2009-01-01

The binding of erythrocytes infected with mature blood stage parasites to the vascular bed is key to the pathogenesis of malignant malaria. The binding is mediated by members of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family. PfEMP1s can be divided into groups, and it has pr....... The identification of PfEMP1 domains expressed by parasites causing disease in infants and young children is important for development of vaccines protecting against severe malaria.......The binding of erythrocytes infected with mature blood stage parasites to the vascular bed is key to the pathogenesis of malignant malaria. The binding is mediated by members of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family. PfEMP1s can be divided into groups, and it has...... previously been suggested that parasites expressing group A or B/A PfEMP1s are most pathogenic. To test the hypothesis that the first malaria infections in infants and young children are dominated by parasites expressing A and B/A PfEMP1s, we measured the plasma Ab level against 48 recombinant PfEMP1 domains...

Study of an electromagnetic pump applied to a primary main pump of a large scale sodium cooled reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aizawa, Kosuke; Kotake, Shoji; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Ara, Kuniaki; Araseki, Hideo; Aizawa, Rie; Ota, Hiroyuki

2009-01-01

This paper describes a future innovative design options with a parallel electromagnetic pump (EMP) system as the main circulating pump of the JSFR design. A conceptual design of EMPs integrated with an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is carried out. The major design parameters are consistent with the current JSFR design, where the main flow rate is 630 m 3 /min and the flow halving time is the same of the mechanical pump with the similar reliability. As a result of several design studies, a five parallel EMPs with IHX system has been selected from the geometry suitability for JSFR design. The EMP advantages comparing with mechanical pumps are investigated from the views of in-service inspection, maintenance and reliability. Numerical analysis with two dimensional MHD codes is conducted on a former experiment of a 160 m 3 /min flow rate EMP. The overall trend of the experimental data and the numerical results agrees with that in small-scale EMPs. However, the difference between the experimental data and the numerical results seems larger compared with the small-scale EMPs, which comes from large magnetic Reynolds number and interaction parameter of 160 m 3 /min EMP. (author)

Variables y modelos para la identificación y predicción del fracaso empresarial: revisión de la investigación empírica reciente.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco J. Castaño Gutiérrez

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la evolución en el tiempo de los estudios sobre fracaso empresarial. Con carácter general, partimos de la revisión crítica realizada en la literatura previa, y aportamos un análisis de la evidencia empírica adicional, con especial atención a la obtenida durante la última década. Pero además, para subsanar algunas deficiencias detectadas en las revisiones anteriores, nos ocupamos de tres aspectos, que pueden considerarse la principal contribución de este trabajo: primero, analizamos la evolución en las últimas décadas del concepto de fracaso empresarial o fallido, detectando cierta evolución desde la identificación hacia la predicción; segundo, analizamos las variables empleadas en los modelos, aportando un estudio de los rasgos empresariales que se representan con las variables (frente al tradicional análisis de frecuencia de las propias variables individuales, siendo los resultados más acordes con los planteamientos y desarrollos teóricos clásicos sobre el fracaso empresarial; y, finalmente, destacamos los puntos fuertes y débiles de las metodologías que, por su reciente aparición, no habían sido analizadas o muy poco por revisiones anteriores: las técnicas de inteligencia artificial y el análisis envolvente de datos (DEA. Adicionalmente, integramos en la revisión el numeroso grupo de trabajos empíricos publicados en España sobre la cuestión, y que no aparecían en ninguna de las revisiones previas analizadas.This work analyzes the evolution of business failure literature. In it, we consider previous critical revisions, contributing with the analysis of additional empirical evidence, paying special attention to the last decade. In order to make up for some deficiencies detected in previous revisions, we deal with three aspects that can be considered the main contribution of this work. First, we analyze the business failure concept during the last decades, detecting, from identification to

Modelación empírica de flotación en columna a escala piloto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simpson, J.

2010-04-01

úrgicos (ley de concentrado, ley de relaves, razón de enriquecimiento y recuperación en función de las variables operacionales que sean manipulables busca entregarle mayor libertad al operador y al ingeniero de procesos para lograr la sintonización operacional de la columna. El método empleado para el desarrollo de los modelos fue Stepwise Regression (Regresión por Pasos considerando relaciones empíricas entre variables operacionales y los resultados experimentales. Todos los modelos presentaron sobre un 90 % de exactitud, salvo uno de ellos que fue sobre 70 %.

The Association of Baseline and Longitudinal Change in Endothelial Microparticle Count with Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Darren; Skeoch, Sarah; Alexander, M Yvonne; Kalra, Philip A; Parker, Ben

2017-01-01

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a unique milieu of vascular pathology, and effective biomarkers of active vascular damage are lacking. A candidate biomarker is the quantification of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs). This study observed baseline and longitudinal EMP change (δEMP) and established the association of these with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in CKD. An observational study in adults with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] change was not. This may reflect disease-specific EMP behaviour and the limitation of EMP as a generalised biomarker in CKD. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Análisis empírico de la financiación de nuevas empresas en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Barona-Zuluaga

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo identifica y analiza los patrones de financiación de las empresas nuevas en Colombia. Como marco de referencia se toma la moderna teoría financiera que incorpora los conceptos de asimetría de información y de la economía institucional en el estudio de la estructura financiera y de capital empresariales. En especial, se emplea el concepto desarrollado por Berger y Udell (1998 de que el ciclo de vida en que se encuentra una empresa particular afecta su estructura de capital óptima, y se someten a prueba varias hipótesis respecto a la forma en que se financian las empresas jóvenes colombianas. Para la contrastación empírica de las hipótesis se utiliza una base de datos provista (a solicitud de los investigadores por la Superintendencia de Sociedades de Colombia, de empresas creadas entre los años 1999 y 2007; la muestra depurada quedó conformada por 4.034 empresas, 922 con edad inferior a cinco años (infantes–adolecentes, I&A y 3.112 con existencia mayor a cinco años (mediana edad, EM. Los análisis univariado y multivariado realizados, tomados de manera conjunta, indican que la etapa en el ciclo de vida de una empresa importa en la definición de su estructura de capital: no solo la importancia de las fuentes específicas de financiación es diferente en las dos categorías etarias, sino también algunos de los factores que se relacionan de manera significativa con su estructura financiera. El patrimonio se revela como la fuente de financiación más importante en ambos tipos de categorías; la inversión de los dueños es la partida patrimonial más importante en las I&A, en tanto que las utilidades retenidas lo son en las EM. Tanto el tamaño como la tangibilidad de los activos están relacionados de manera positiva con el porcentaje de apalancamiento de las empresas de los dos grupos estudiados. La rentabilidad se relaciona de manera negativa y significativa con el apalancamiento de las EM. Estos hallazgos tienen

Políticas macroeconómicas, deterioro en el bienestar social y la viabilidad de las Pymes y empresas de economía social para incentivar el desarrollo económico local : un análisis empírico del caso mexicano (1983-2012)

OpenAIRE

Mora Heredia, Alfredo

2013-01-01

En esta investigación se presentan varios análisis empíricos (cuantitativos) para identificar los efectos de la estrategia económica implementada en México, desde 1983 hasta la fecha, en la reducción de los mínimos de bienestar en la población mexicana. También se propone como estrategia viable incentivar el desarrollo económico desde los ámbitos locales, dando prioridad a la creación de Micro, Pequeña y Mediana empresa (MiPyMIE) y empresas de economía social en los ámbitos regionales más...

Classification of extremely metal-poor stars: absent region in A(C)-[Fe/H] plane and the role of dust cooling

Science.gov (United States)

Chiaki, Gen; Tominaga, Nozomu; Nozawa, Takaya

2017-11-01

Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are the living fossils with records of chemical enrichment history at the early epoch of galaxy formation. By the recent large observation campaigns, statistical samples of EMP stars have been obtained. This motivates us to reconsider their classification and formation conditions. From the observed lower limits of carbon and iron abundances of Acr(C) ∼ 6 and [Fe/H]cr ∼ -5 for C-enhanced EMP (CE-EMP) and C-normal EMP (CN-EMP) stars, we confirm that gas cooling by dust thermal emission is indispensable for the fragmentation of their parent clouds to form such low mass, i.e. long-lived stars, and that the dominant grain species are carbon and silicate, respectively. We constrain the grain radius r_i^cool of a species i and condensation efficiency fij of a key element j as r_C^cool / f_C,C = 10 {μ m} and r_Sil^cool / f_Sil,Mg = 0.1 {μ m} to reproduce Acr(C) and [Fe/H]cr, which give a universal condition 10[C/H] - 2.30 + 10[Fe/H] > 10-5.07 for the formation of every EMP star. Instead of the conventional boundary [C/Fe] = 0.7 between CE-EMP and CN-EMP stars, this condition suggests a physically meaningful boundary [C/Fe]b = 2.30 above and below which carbon and silicate grains are dominant coolants, respectively.

Study of an electromagnetic pump in a sodium cooled reactor. Design study of secondary sodium main pumps (Joint research)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chikazawa, Yoshitaka; Kisohara, Naoyuki; Hishida, Masahiko; Fujii, Tadashi; Konomura, Mamoru; Ara, Kuniaki; Hori, Toru; Uchida, Akihito; Nishiguchi, Youhei; Nibe, Nobuaki

2006-07-01

In the feasibility study on commercialized fast breeder cycle system, a medium scale sodium cooled reactor with 750 MW electricity has been designed. In this study, EMPs are applied to the secondary sodium main pump. The EMPs type is selected to be an annular linear induction pump (ALIP) type with double stators which is used in the 160 m 3 /min EMP demonstration test. The inner structure and electromagnetic features are decided reviewing the 160 m 3 /min EMP. Two dimensional electromagnetic fluid analyses by EAGLE code show that Rms (magnetic Reynolds number times slip) is evaluated to be 1.08 which is less than the stability limit 1.4 confirmed by the 160 m 3 /min EMP test, and the instability of the pump head is evaluated to be 3% of the normal operating pump head. Since the EMP stators are cooled by contacting coolant sodium duct, reliability of the inner structures are confirmed by temperature distribution and stator-duct contact pressure analyses. Besides, a power supply system, maintenance and repair feature and R and D plan of EMP are reported. (author)

Comparação Entre Os Modelos Residual Income Valuation (RIV, Abnormal Earnings Growth (AEG e Fluxo de Caixa Livre (FCF: Um estudo empírico no mercado de capitais brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eric Serrano Ferreira

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os modelos Residual Income Valuation (RIV, Abnormal Earnings Growth (AEG e Fluxo de Caixa Livre (FCF no mercado brasileiro. Fez-se um teste empírico para comparar os três modelos, utilizando dados das empresas listadas na BOVESPA e testando a afirmação para o mercado de capitais brasileiro. Cada modelo foi analisado por meio da técnica estatística de regressão múltipla, anualmente, observando assim o comportamento dos modelos ao longo dos anos de 1995 a 2002. Ao serem realizados os testes, pode-se concluir que, de 1995 à 1999, o modelo RIV possuía poder explicativo superior aos outros dois modelos e a partir de 2000, os modelos AEG e RIV se equivalem, ilustrando o desenvolvimento do mercado brasileiro nos últimos anos. O modelo FCF apresentou o menor poder explicativo em todos os anos analisados. Os resultados encontrados se confirmaram por meio da análise de dados em painel.

Internet y su potencial en el marketing estratégico de precios: Una aproximación teórica y empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darío Quiroga-Parra

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La dinámica de los procesos de desarrollo tecnológico digital se dio por la convergencia de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, en lo que hoy se denomina Internet. Señalándose a ésta como una eficaz herramienta estratégica de ventaja competitiva en las empresas, que logró interrelacionar y ampliar e internacionalizar los mercados en una red digital, mejorando de manera apreciable las relaciones con los clientes. El propósito del trabajo fue realizar un análisis bibliográfico del potencial del marketing digital estratégico desde la perspectiva de los precios y verificar el avance de la infraestructura tecnológica digital existente, de manera comparada. El trabajo se abordó en un análisis descriptivo de los trabajos precedentes, y cuantitativo desde los hechos reales del mercado internacional, en los periodos analizados, considerando la infraestructura tecnológica digital existente. Los resultados mostraron los avances del estado de la cuestión y los empíricos de las compras por Internet en el mundo por regiones. El artículo concluyó que los precios por Internet no indujeron la tendencia a la baja ni a la hipótesis del mercado perfecto. A la par, los países desarrollados y Asia-Pacífico lideraron el mercado digital, mientras América Latina señaló prudencia comercial.

Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma: Demonstrating the Role of 18F-FDG PET Imaging.

Science.gov (United States)

Gautam, Archana; Sahu, Kamal Kant; Alamgir, Ahsan; Siddiqi, Imran; Ailawadhi, Sikander

2017-04-01

An Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of clonal plasma cells outside the medullary cavity. EMPs are a rare occurrence compared to other malignant plasma cell disorders and account for approximately 3-5% of plasma-cell neoplasms. Although most cases of EMP are not immediately life threatening at diagnosis, EMPs can progress to Multiple Myeloma (MM) and thus, warrant monitoring. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for when and how to monitor patients who are diagnosed with or treated for a solitary plasmacytoma. We present a case of solitary EMP who was treated adequately and definitively but developed a distinct, non-contiguous subsequent solitary EMP and was only discovered due to surveillance 18 F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ( 18 F-FDG) (PET) scan. Uniform surveillance guidelines should be developed and the potential benefits of PET and other imaging techniques as well as their cost should be considered.

An analysis of endothelial microparticles as a function of cell surface antibodies and centrifugation techniques.

Science.gov (United States)

Venable, Adam S; Williams, Randall R; Haviland, David L; McFarlin, Brian K

2014-04-01

Chronic vascular disease is partially characterized by the presence of lesions along the vascular endothelial wall. Current FDA-approved clinical techniques lack the ability to measure very early changes in endothelial cell health. When endothelial cells are damaged, they release endothelial microparticles (EMPs) into circulation. Thus, blood EMP concentration may represent a useful cardiovascular disease biomarker. Despite the potential value of EMPs, current flow cytometry techniques may not consistently distinguish EMPs from other small cell particles. The purpose of this study was to use imaging flow cytometry to modify existing methods of identifying EMPs based on cell-surface receptor expression and visual morphology. Platelet poor plasma (PPP) was isolated using four different techniques, each utilizing a two-step serial centrifugation process. The cell-surface markers used in this study were selected based on those that are commonly reported in the literature. PPP (100μL) was labeled with CD31, CD42a, CD45, CD51, CD66b, and CD144 for 30-min in dark on ice. Based on replicated experiments, EMPs were best identified by cell-surface CD144 expression relative to other commonly reported EMP markers (CD31 & CD51). It is important to note that contaminating LMPs, GMPs, and PMPs were thought to be removed in the preparation of PPP. However, upon analysis of prepared samples staining CD31 against CD51 revealed a double-positive population that was less than 1% EMPs. In contrast, when using CD144 to identify EMPs, ~87% of observed particles were free of contaminating microparticles. Using a counterstain of CD42a, this purity can be improved to over 99%. More research is needed to understand how our improved EMP measurement method can be used in experimental models measuring acute vascular responses or chronic vascular diseases. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physical properties of elongated magnetic particles: magnetization and friction coefficient anisotropies.

Science.gov (United States)

Vereda, Fernando; de Vicente, Juan; Hidalgo-Alvarez, Roque

2009-06-02

Anisotropy counts: A brief review of the main physical properties of elongated magnetic particles (EMPs) is presented. The most important characteristic of an EMP is the additional contribution of shape anisotropy to the total anisotropy energy of the particle, when compared to spherical magnetic particles. The electron micrograph shows Ni-ferrite microrods fabricated by the authors.We present an overview of the main physical properties of elongated magnetic particles (EMPs), including some of their more relevant properties in suspension. When compared to a spherical magnetic particle, the most important characteristic of an EMP is an additional contribution of shape anisotropy to the total anisotropy energy of the particle. Increasing aspect ratios also lead to an increase in both the critical single-domain size of a magnetic particle and its resistance to thermally activated spontaneous reversal of the magnetization. For single-domain EMPs, magnetization reversal occurs primarily by one of two modes, coherent rotation or curling, the latter being facilitated by larger aspect ratios. When EMPs are used to prepare colloidal suspensions, other physical properties come into play, such as their anisotropic friction coefficient and the consequent enhanced torque they experience in a shear flow, their tendency to align in the direction of an external field, to form less dense sediments and to entangle into more intricate aggregates. From a more practical point of view, EMPs are discussed in connection with two interesting types of magnetic colloids: magnetorheological fluids and suspensions for magnetic hyperthermia. Advances reported in the literature regarding the use of EMPs in these two systems are included. In the final section, we present a summary of the most relevant methods documented in the literature for the fabrication of EMPs, together with a list of the most common ferromagnetic materials that have been synthesized in the form of EMPs.

[Apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cell line GLC-82 induced by high power electromagnetic pulse].

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Xiao-zhe; Zhao, Mei-lan; Wang, De-wen; Dong, Bo

2002-09-01

Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could be used for sterilization of food and the efficiency is higher than 2450 MHz continuous microwave done. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cell line GLC-82, so that to explore and develop therapeutic means for cancer. The injury changes in GLC-82 cells after irradiated with EMP (electric field intensity was 60 kV/m, 5 pulses/2 min) were analyzed by cytometry, MTT chronometry, and flow cytometry. The immunohistochemical SP staining was used to determine the expressions of bcl-2 protein and p53 protein. The stained positive cells were analyzed by CMIAS-II image analysis system at a magnification 400. All data were analyzed by SPSS8.0 software. EMP could obviously inhibited proliferation and activity of lung carcinoma cell line GLC-82. The absorbance value (A570) of MTT decreased immediately, at 0 h, 1 h, and 6 h after the GLC-82 cells irradiated by EMP as compared with control group. The highest apoptosis rate was found to reach 13.38% by flow cytometry at 6 h after EMP irradiation. Down-regulation of bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of p53 expression were induced by EMP. EMP promotes apoptosis of GLC-82 cells. At same time, EMP can down-regulate bcl-2 expression and up-regulate p53 expression in GLC-82 cells. The bcl-2 and the p53 protein may involve the apoptotic process.

A research program to assess the impact of the electromagnetic pulse on electric power systems

Science.gov (United States)

McConnell, B. W.; Barnes, P. R.

A strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with an electric-field component on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter is produced by a nuclear detonation in or above the atmosphere. This paper presents an overview and a summary of the results to date of a program formulated to address the research and development of technologies and systems required to assess and reduce the impact of EMP on electric power systems. The technologies and systems being considered include simulation models, methods of assessment, definition of required experiments and data, development of protective hardware, and the creation or revision of operating and control procedures. Results to date include the development of relatively simple unclassified EMP environment models, the development of methods for extending EMP coupling models to the large transmission and distribution network associated with the electric power system, and the performance of a parametric study of HEMP induced surges using an appropriate EMP environment. An experiment to investigate the effect of corona on the coupling of EMP to conductors has been defined and has been performed in an EMP simulator. Experiments to determine the response of key components to simulated EMP surges and an investigation of the impact of steep-front, short-duration impulse on a selected number of the insulation systems used in electric power systems apparatus are being performed.

Epithelial membrane protein-2 promotes endometrial tumor formation through activation of FAK and Src.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maoyong Fu

Full Text Available Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy diagnosed among women in developed countries. One recent biomarker strongly associated with disease progression and survival is epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2, a tetraspan protein known to associate with and modify surface expression of certain integrin isoforms. In this study, we show using a xenograft model system that EMP2 expression is necessary for efficient endometrial tumor formation, and we have started to characterize the mechanism by which EMP2 contributes to this malignant phenotype. In endometrial cancer cells, the focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Src pathway appears to regulate migration as measured through wound healing assays. Manipulation of EMP2 levels in endometrial cancer cells regulates the phosphorylation of FAK and Src, and promotes their distribution into lipid raft domains. Notably, cells with low levels of EMP2 fail to migrate and poorly form tumors in vivo. These findings reveal the pivotal role of EMP2 in endometrial cancer carcinogenesis, and suggest that the association of elevated EMP2 levels with endometrial cancer prognosis may be causally linked to its effect on integrin-mediated signaling.

Endothelial microparticles: Pathogenic or passive players in endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases?

Science.gov (United States)

McCarthy, E M; Wilkinson, F L; Parker, B; Alexander, M Y

2016-11-01

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are characterised by systemic inflammation and complex immunopathology, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, initiated by endothelial dysfunction in a chronic inflammatory environment. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are released into the circulation from activated endothelial cells and may therefore, reflect disease severity, vascular and endothelial dysfunction, that could influence disease pathogenesis via autocrine/paracrine signalling. The exact function of EMPs in rheumatic disease remains unknown, and this has initiated research to elucidate EMP composition and function, which may be determined by the mode of endothelial activation and the micro environment. To date, EMPs are thought to play a role in angiogenesis, thrombosis and inflammation by transferring specific proteins and microRNAs (miRs) to target cells. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the generation and composition of EMPs and the clinical and experimental studies describing the involvement of EMPs in rheumatic diseases, since we have previously shown endothelial dysfunction and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease are characteristics in systemic lupus erythematosus. We will also discuss the potential of EMPs as future biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in these diseases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 Diversity in Seven Genomes – Divide and Conquer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rask, Thomas Salhøj; Hansen, Daniel Aaen; Theander, Thor G.

2010-01-01

of a PfEMP1 based vaccine mimicking natural acquired immunity depends on a thorough understanding of the evolved PfEMP1 diversity, balancing antigenic variation against conserved receptor binding affinities. This study redefines and reclassifies the domains of PfEMP1 from seven genomes. Analysis...

Engineering design of IFMIF/EVEDA lithium test loop. Electro-magnetic pump and pressure drop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kondo, Hiroo; Furukawa, Tomohiro; Hirakawa, Yasushi; Iuchi, Hiroshi; Kanemura, Takuji; Ida, Mizuho; Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Wakai, Eiichi; Nakamura, Kazuyuki; Horiike, H.; Yamaoka, N.; Matsushita, I.

2011-01-01

The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is proceeding as one of the ITER Broader Approach (ITER-BA). A Li circulation loop for testing hydraulic stability of the Li target (high speed free-surface flow of liquid Li as a beam target) and Li purification traps are under construction in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency as a major Japanese activities in the EVEDA. This paper presents specification of an electro-magnetic pump (EMP) for the EVEDA Li Test Loop (ELTL) and evaluation of the pressure drop in the main loop of the ELTL. The EMP circulates the liquid Li at a large flow rate up to 0.05 m 3 /s (3000 l/min) under a vacuum cover gas (Ar) pressure of 10 -3 Pa, thus the evaluation of cavitation generation is a crucial issue. The EMP used in the ELTL consists of two EMPs aligned in series through a U-tube whose size of one EMP is 0.8 m square and 2.6 m in length. The calculation of the pressure drop in the main Li loop to the EMP is approx. 25 kPa at the design maximum flow rate of 0.05 m 3 /s. On the other hand the height from the EMP to a Li tank to supply Li to the EMP is designed to be 9.72 m, and secures a static pressure and the cavitation number of 18 kPa and 3.4 respectively at the maximum flow rate in a vacuum condition. As a result, it is confirmed to prevent cavitation at the inlet of the EMP in this design. (author)

Endothelial microparticle-mediated transfer of MicroRNA-126 promotes vascular endothelial cell repair via SPRED1 and is abrogated in glucose-damaged endothelial microparticles.

Science.gov (United States)

Jansen, Felix; Yang, Xiaoyan; Hoelscher, Marion; Cattelan, Arianna; Schmitz, Theresa; Proebsting, Sebastian; Wenzel, Daniela; Vosen, Sarah; Franklin, Bernardo S; Fleischmann, Bernd K; Nickenig, Georg; Werner, Nikos

2013-10-29

Repair of the endothelium after vascular injury is crucial for preserving endothelial integrity and preventing the development of vascular disease. The underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell repair are largely unknown. We sought to investigate whether endothelial microparticles (EMPs), released from apoptotic endothelial cells (ECs), influence EC repair. Systemic treatment of mice with EMPs after electric denudation of the endothelium accelerated reendothelialization in vivo. In vitro experiments revealed that EMP uptake in ECs promotes EC migration and proliferation, both critical steps in endothelial repair. To dissect the underlying mechanisms, Taqman microRNA array was performed, and microRNA (miR)-126 was identified as the predominantly expressed miR in EMPs. The following experiments demonstrated that miR-126 was transported into recipient human coronary artery endothelial cells by EMPs and functionally regulated the target protein sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1). Knockdown of miR-126 in EMPs abrogated EMP-mediated effects on human coronary artery endothelial cell migration and proliferation in vitro and reendothelialization in vivo. Interestingly, after simulating diabetic conditions, EMPs derived from glucose-treated ECs contained significantly lower amounts of miR-126 and showed reduced endothelial repair capacity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, expression analysis of miR-126 in circulating microparticles from 176 patients with stable coronary artery disease with and without diabetes mellitus revealed a significantly reduced miR-126 expression in circulating microparticles from diabetic patients. Endothelial microparticles promote vascular endothelial repair by delivering functional miR-126 into recipient cells. In pathological hyperglycemic conditions, EMP-mediated miR-126-induced EC repair is altered.

Dose dependency of outcomes of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy in new rabbit empyema models

Science.gov (United States)

Florova, Galina; Azghani, Ali O.; Buchanan, Ann; Boren, Jake; Allen, Timothy; Rahman, Najib M.; Koenig, Kathleen; Chamiso, Mignote; Karandashova, Sophia; Henry, James; Idell, Steven

2016-01-01

The incidence of empyema (EMP) is increasing worldwide; EMP generally occurs with pleural loculation and impaired drainage is often treated with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) or surgery. A number of IPFT options are used clinically with empiric dosing and variable outcomes in adults. To evaluate mechanisms governing intrapleural fibrinolysis and disease outcomes, models of Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae were generated in rabbits and the animals were treated with either human tissue (tPA) plasminogen activator or prourokinase (scuPA). Rabbit EMP was characterized by the development of pleural adhesions detectable by chest ultrasonography and fibrinous coating of the pleura. Similar to human EMP, rabbits with EMP accumulated sizable, 20- to 40-ml fibrinopurulent pleural effusions associated with extensive intrapleural organization, significantly increased pleural thickness, suppression of fibrinolytic and plasminogen-activating activities, and accumulation of high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, plasminogen, and extracellular DNA. IPFT with tPA (0.145 mg/kg) or scuPA (0.5 mg/kg) was ineffective in rabbit EMP (n = 9 and 3 for P. multocida and S. pneumoniae, respectively); 2 mg/kg tPA or scuPA IPFT (n = 5) effectively cleared S. pneumoniae-induced EMP collections in 24 h with no bleeding observed. Although intrapleural fibrinolytic activity for up to 40 min after IPFT was similar for effective and ineffective doses of fibrinolysin, it was lower for tPA than for scuPA treatments. These results demonstrate similarities between rabbit and human EMP, the importance of pleural fluid PAI-1 activity, and levels of plasminogen in the regulation of intrapleural fibrinolysis and illustrate the dose dependency of IPFT outcomes in EMP. PMID:27343192

El debate sobre la convergencia económica internacional e interregional: enfoques teóricos y evidencia empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgard Moncayo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available La globalización, con sus efectos diferenciadores por países, regiones y grupos sociales, vuelve a animar el debate sobre la hipótesis de convergencia, a la base de la teoría neoclásica del crecimiento. En este artículo se lleva a cabo una exhaustiva revisión de la evidencia empírica sobre la cuestión convergencia/divergencia en los niveles de ingreso per cápita, entre países y entre regiones subnacionales. Se concluye que después de que en las décadas de los ‘60 y ‘70 se verificara un proceso de convergencia, a partir de los ‘80 la tendencia dominante es hacia la polarización. Esta evolución parecería estarle dando la razón a las teorías de crecimiento endógeno y la Nueva Geografía Económica, en el sentido de que la actividad productiva tiende a aglomerarse con una lógica de causación circular acumulativa, allí donde ya está concentrada.The discriminatory effects of globalization, in regard to countries, subnational regions and social groups, put new life into the debate over the convergence hypotesis, at the very base of the neoclassical growth theory. This paper offers an exhaustive revision of the empirical evidence regarding the convergence/divergence in per capita income level issue, both among countries as well as among subnational regions. It is concluded that after two a decades of convergence, in the sixties and seventies, from the eighties on there is a dominant trend towards polarization. This evolution seems to confirm the claims of endogenous growth theory and the New Economic Geography, in the sense that economic activity tends to agglomerate with a circular cause and effect logic, where it is already concentrated.

Numerical simulation of compact intracloud discharge and generated electromagnetic pulse

Science.gov (United States)

Babich, L. P.; Bochkov, E. I.; Kutsyk, I. M.

2015-06-01

Using the concept of the relativistic runaway electron avalanche, numerical simulation of compact intracloud discharge as a generator of powerful natural electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in the HF-UHF range was conducted. We evaluated the numbers of electrons initiating the avalanche, with which the calculated EMP characteristics are consistent with measured ones. The discharge capable of generating EMPs produces runaway electrons in numbers close to those in the source of terrestrial γ-flashes (TGF) registered in the nearest space, which may be an argument for a joint EMP and TGF source.

Circulating Endothelial Microparticles: A Key Hallmark of Atherosclerosis Progression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keshav Raj Paudel

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The levels of circulating microparticles (MPs are raised in various cardiovascular diseases. Their increased level in plasma is regarded as a biomarker of alteration in vascular function. The prominent MPs present in blood are endothelial microparticles (EMPs described as complex submicron (0.1 to 1.0 μm vesicles like structure, released in response to endothelium cell activation or apoptosis. EMPs possess both physiological and pathological effects and may promote oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. EMPs release is triggered by inducer like angiotensin II, lipopolysaccharide, and hydrogen peroxide leading to the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are multiple physiological pathways for EMPs generation like NADPH oxidase derived endothelial ROS formation, Rho kinase pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Endothelial dysfunction is a key initiating event in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atheroemboli, resulting from ruptured carotid plaques, is a major cause of stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that EMPs play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, acting as a marker of damage, either exacerbating disease progression or triggering a repair response. In this regard, it has been suggested that EMPs have the potential to act as biomarkers of disease status. This review aims to provide updated information of EMPs in relation to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.

Adaptación al Español de la Escala de Desempeño Cívico de Coleman y Borman (2000 y Análisis de la Estructura Empírica del Constructo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Díaz-Vilela

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una adaptación del cuestionario de desempeño cívico de Coleman y Borman (2000 y un análisis de su estructura empírica. Una vez traducido y adaptado, el cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra de 135 empleados públicos de una unidad completa del Gobierno Autonómico de Canarias. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario tiene una alta consistencia interna, aunque parece medir tres dimensiones relacionadas entre sí. Dos de estas dimensiones son altamente estables y coinciden con las propuestas por LePine, Erez y Johnson (2002, Cumplimiento Generalizado y Altruismo, mientras que la tercera es de difícil interpretación. Un análisis factorial de segundo orden indica que existe una única dimensión subyacente de desempeño cívico. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones teóricas y prácticas que ayudan a la interpretación y diagnóstico del dominio.

Apollo guidance, navigation and control: Guidance system operations plans for manned LM earth orbital and lunar missions using Program COLOSSUS 3. Section 7: Erasable memory programs

Science.gov (United States)

Hamilton, M. H.

1972-01-01

Erasable-memory programs (EMPs) designed for the guidance computers used in the command (CMC) and lunar modules (LGC) are described. CMC programs are designated COLOSSUS 3, and the associated EMPs are identified by a three-digit number beginning with 5. LGC programs are designated LUMINARY 1E, and the associated EMPs are identified, with one exception, by a three-digit number beginning with 1. The exception is EMP 99. The EMPs vary in complexity from a simple flagbit setting to a long and intricate logical structure. They all, however, cause the computer to behave in a way not intended in the original design of the programs; they accomplish this off-nominal behavior by some alteration of erasable memory to interface with existing fixed-memory programs to effect a desired result.

In Vitro Variant Surface Antigen Expression in Plasmodium falciparum Parasites from a Semi-Immune Individual Is Not Correlated with Var Gene Transcription

Science.gov (United States)

Tschan, Serena; Flötenmeyer, Matthias; Koch, Iris; Berger, Jürgen; Kremsner, Peter; Frank, Matthias

2016-01-01

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is considered to be the main variant surface antigen (VSA) of Plasmodium falciparum and is mainly localized on electron-dense knobs in the membrane of the infected erythrocyte. Switches in PfEMP1 expression provide the basis for antigenic variation and are thought to be critical for parasite persistence during chronic infections. Recently, strain transcending anti-PfEMP1 immunity has been shown to develop early in life, challenging the role of PfEMP1 in antigenic variation during chronic infections. In this work we investigate how P. falciparum achieves persistence during a chronic asymptomatic infection. The infected individual (MOA) was parasitemic for 42 days and multilocus var gene genotyping showed persistence of the same parasite population throughout the infection. Parasites from the beginning of the infection were adapted to tissue culture and cloned by limiting dilution. Flow cytometry using convalescent serum detected a variable surface recognition signal on isogenic clonal parasites. Quantitative real-time PCR with a field isolate specific var gene primer set showed that the surface recognition signal was not correlated with transcription of individual var genes. Strain transcending anti-PfEMP1 immunity of the convalescent serum was demonstrated with CD36 selected and PfEMP1 knock-down NF54 clones. In contrast, knock-down of PfEMP1 did not have an effect on the antibody recognition signal in MOA clones. Trypsinisation of the membrane surface proteins abolished the surface recognition signal and immune electron microscopy revealed that antibodies from the convalescent serum bound to membrane areas without knobs and with knobs. Together the data indicate that PfEMP1 is not the main variable surface antigen during a chronic infection and suggest a role for trypsin sensitive non-PfEMP1 VSAs for parasite persistence in chronic infections. PMID:27907004

Strategies, Protections and Mitigations for Electric Grid from Electromagnetic Pulse Effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Foster, Rita Ann [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Frickey, Steven Jay [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

2016-01-01

The mission of DOE’s Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) is to lead national efforts to modernize the electricity delivery system, enhance the security and reliability of America’s energy infrastructure and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply. One of the threats OE is concerned about is a high-altitude electro-magnetic pulse (HEMP) from a nuclear explosion and eletro-magnetic pulse (EMP) or E1 pulse can be generated by EMP weapons. DOE-OE provides federal leadership and technical guidance in addressing electric grid issues. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) was chosen to conduct the EMP study for DOE-OE due to its capabilities and experience in setting up EMP experiments on the electric grid and conducting vulnerability assessments and developing innovative technology to increase infrastructure resiliency. This report identifies known impacts to EMP threats, known mitigations and effectiveness of mitigations, potential cost of mitigation, areas for government and private partnerships in protecting the electric grid to EMP, and identifying gaps in our knowledge and protection strategies.

Valor da Marca: Teste Empírico da Importância das Dimensões Formadoras do Valor da Marca na Perspectiva do Consumidor no Contexto Brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Sergio Costa

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou a importância das dimensões formadoras do valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor no contexto brasileiro, mediante o teste empírico do modelo proposto por Yoo e Donthu (2001. Outros autores validaram a multidimensionalidade do conceito de valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor (Myers, 2003; Villarejo-Ramos e Sánchez-Franco, 2005; Vargas e Luce, 2006. Todavia, estes estudos divergiram quanto ao número de dimensões e suas respectivas importâncias, evidenciando um hiato na literatura. Para responder as perguntas deste estudo, foi realizada uma survey com 636 consumidores. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à técnica estatística de análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA e modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM. Os resultados do estudo sugerem a validade parcial do modelo de Yoo e Donthu (2001. A importância das dimensões lealdade e qualidade percebida na formação do valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor foram suportadas empiricamente. Entretanto, a inexistência de relação significativa entre consciência / associações e valor geral da marca sugere a necessidade de mais estudos, seja para validar essa relação, seja para propor novas escalas para mensurar o construto de consciência / associações à marca. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i2.2357

Electromagnetic radiations from laser interaction with gas-filled Hohlraum

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Ming; Yang, Yongmei; Li, Tingshuai; Yi, Tao; Wang, Chuanke; Liu, Shenye; Jiang, Shaoen; Ding, Yongkun

2018-01-01

The emission of intensive electromagnetic pulse (EMP) due to laser-target interactions at the ShenGuang-III laser facility has been evaluated by probes. EMP signals measured using the small discone antennas demonstrated two variation trends including a bilateral oscillation wave and a unilateral oscillation wave. The new trend of unilateral oscillation could be attributed to the hohlraum structure and low-Z gas in the hohlraum. The EMP waveform showed multiple peaks when the gas-filled hohlraum was shot by the high-power laser. Comparing the EMP signals with the verification of stimulated Raman scattering energy and hard x-ray energy spectrum, we found that the intensity of EMP signals decreased with the increase of the hohlraum size. The current results are expected to offer preliminary information to study physical processes on laser injecting gas-filled hohlraums in the National Ignition Facility implementation.

Modulation of enamel matrix proteins on the formation and nano-assembly of hydroxyapatite in vitro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Hong, E-mail: tlihong@jnu.edu.cn [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 (China); Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29425 (United States); Huang Weiya [Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Taizhou, Taizhou University, Zhejiang 317000 (China); Zhang Yuanming [Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 (China); Xue Bo [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 (China); Wen Xuejun [Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29425 (United States)

2012-05-01

Natural enamel has a hierarchically nanoassembled architecture that is regulated by enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) during the formation of enamel crystals. To understand the role of EMPs on enamel mineralization, calcium phosphate (CaP) growth experiments in both the presence and absence of native rat EMPs in a single diffusion system were conducted. The morphology and organization of formed CaP crystals were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Microscopy (HRTEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). In the system containing the EMPs, hydroxyapatite (HAP) with hierarchical lamellar nanostructure can be formed and the aligned HAP assembly tightly bundled by 3-4 rod-like nanocrystals like an enamel prism. However, in the absence of EMPs, only a sheet-like structure of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase was presented. EMPs promote HAP formation and inhibit the growth of OCP on the (010) plane. It is discussed that the organized Amelogenin/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate might be the precursor to the bundled HAP crystal prism. The study benefits the understanding of biomineralization of tooth enamel. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An aligned hydroxyapatite crystal bundled by rod-like nanosize crystals was obtained. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An organized Amel/ACP would be the precursor of the bundled hydroxyapatite crystal prism. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer EMPs inhibit the growth of octacalcium phosphate in a defined plane.

Environmental monitoring plan for the Oak Ridge Reservation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-09-01

The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) is an omnibus document providing a single point of reference for the effluent monitoring and environmental surveillance programs of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Y-12 Plant, K-25 Site, and ORR areas outside specific facility boundaries. Authorization and requirement for the EMP are contained in Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5400.1 Chapter 4, which states that environmental monitoring consists of two major activities: effluent monitoring and environmental surveillance. This EMP is intended to document the rationale and design criteria for the effluent monitoring and environmental surveillance programs, extent and frequency of sampling and analysis, analytical laboratory procedures, quality assurance, implementation, and reporting. The EMP describes one of several programs that collect and analyze data to assess the impacts of ORR on the environment and human health. Others include the Environmental Restoration Program and the Clinch River Remedial Investigation Program. While the ultimate goal for DOE may be to integrate information from all these programs into a formalized assessment of risk to ecosystems and human health, that level of integration is beyond the scope of the EMP. The EMP outlines the goals of environmental monitoring for the ORR and its facilities and includes activities that are not presently conducted. In general, the programs described in this EMP represent an increase in surveillance activities over past practices

Modulation of enamel matrix proteins on the formation and nano-assembly of hydroxyapatite in vitro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Hong; Huang Weiya; Zhang Yuanming; Xue Bo; Wen Xuejun

2012-01-01

Natural enamel has a hierarchically nanoassembled architecture that is regulated by enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) during the formation of enamel crystals. To understand the role of EMPs on enamel mineralization, calcium phosphate (CaP) growth experiments in both the presence and absence of native rat EMPs in a single diffusion system were conducted. The morphology and organization of formed CaP crystals were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Microscopy (HRTEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). In the system containing the EMPs, hydroxyapatite (HAP) with hierarchical lamellar nanostructure can be formed and the aligned HAP assembly tightly bundled by 3–4 rod-like nanocrystals like an enamel prism. However, in the absence of EMPs, only a sheet-like structure of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase was presented. EMPs promote HAP formation and inhibit the growth of OCP on the (010) plane. It is discussed that the organized Amelogenin/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate might be the precursor to the bundled HAP crystal prism. The study benefits the understanding of biomineralization of tooth enamel. - Highlights: ► An aligned hydroxyapatite crystal bundled by rod-like nanosize crystals was obtained. ► An organized Amel/ACP would be the precursor of the bundled hydroxyapatite crystal prism. ► EMPs inhibit the growth of octacalcium phosphate in a defined plane.

Occurrence of Emerging Micropollutants in Water Systems in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West Provinces, South Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Wanda, Elijah M M; Nyoni, Hlengilizwe; Mamba, Bhekie B; Msagati, Titus A M

2017-01-13

The ubiquitous occurrence of emerging micropollutants (EMPs) in water is an issue of growing environmental-health concern worldwide. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding their levels and occurrence in water. This study determined the occurrence of EMPs namely: carbamazepine (CBZ), galaxolide (HHCB), caffeine (CAF), tonalide (AHTN), 4-nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in water from Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West provinces, South Africa using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-HRTOFMS). Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA were performed to determine temporal variations in occurrence of the EMPs. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Surfer Golden Graphics software for surface mapping were used to determine spatial variations in levels and occurrence of the EMPs. The mean levels ranged from 11.22 ± 18.8 ng/L for CAF to 158.49 ± 662 ng/L for HHCB. There was no evidence of statistically significant temporal variations in occurrence of EMPs in water. Nevertheless, their levels and occurrence vary spatially and are a function of two principal components (PCs, PC1 and PC2) which controlled 89.99% of the variance. BPA was the most widely distributed EMP, which was present in 62% of the water samples. The detected EMPs pose ecotoxicological risks in water samples, especially those from Mpumalanga province.

El patrimonio en la experiencia estética de lo cotidiano: Un estudio empírico a través de 60 plazas de Madrid.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara González Moratiel

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Desde la Carta de Venecia de 1964 sobre la Conservación y la Restauración de los Monumentos y los Sitios , el estudio y la preservación del patrimonio histórico han adquirido una importancia vital en las políticas urbanas. Sesenta años más tarde, queda totalmente consolidado, en la sociedad real, el culto por el patrimonio -histórico, arquitectónico, urbano o cultural- a través, principalmente, de su relación con la memoria y con el tiempo. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, debido a la industria del ocio o a políticas enfocadas al turismo que tienden a la “museificación” de los centros históricos, el patrimonio urbano corre el riesgo de ser excluido para la sociedad que lo habita en su cotidianidad, banalizando así “toda la riqueza de su autenticidad”. El presente trabajo trata de indagar, mediante un estudio empírico, sobre la relación entre la presencia de patrimonio edificado y la percepción de “lo bello” y “lo agradable” en 60 plazas públicas del centro histórico de Madrid. Los resultados experimentales abren el debate sobre tres cuestiones: la experiencia estética, como adelantó Dewey, no puede separarse de la experiencia ordinaria; el patrimonio edificado deviene pieza clave en dicha experiencia; la experiencia estética responde a una suerte de verdad que necesita de un patrimonio vivo.  

Stakeholder perceptions of Environmental Management Plans as an environmental protection tool for major developments in the UK

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bennett, Sophie; Kemp, Simon [Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Hudson, Malcolm D., E-mail: mdh@soton.ac.uk [Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom)

2016-01-15

Insufficient implementation and the lack of legislative requirements for follow-up measures following the approval of projects are consistently highlighted as major shortcomings of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Although adopted over 15 years ago by the World Bank, Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) were only semi-formalised in the UK in 2008 and arguably provide a continuous link or ‘bridge’ between the EIA process pre-consent and an Environmental Management System (EMS) post-consent. Drawing on twenty-one semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and thematic analysis of their responses, and a broad-scale practitioner survey, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of EMPs as an environmental protection tool across the project lifecycle for major developments. The findings revealed a mixed picture of EMP effectiveness in practice, with EMPs only partially fulfilling a bridging role between EIA and EMS. There is no ‘gold standard’ terminology for EMPs, all having slightly different uses, thus presenting different focuses to different stakeholders and further enhancing variation in practice. For many stakeholders, the effectiveness was simply not known, due to the lack of communication and follow-up that still exists. EMP–EMS linkages were shown to be effective from the developer's perspective when a single organisation has involvement across all project phases, though weaknesses occur when multiple parties are involved. Among other stakeholders, knowledge varied significantly; whilst some were in agreement that the linkages worked, many were unaware of the connections and thought of them as two quite separate tools. Stakeholders advocated for the need to make EMPs a legal requirement; for improved communication between stakeholders during EMP implementation and increased documentation of project outcomes; and for EMPs to be consistently written by environmental professionals. Furthermore, weak links in the current process may be

Stakeholder perceptions of Environmental Management Plans as an environmental protection tool for major developments in the UK

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bennett, Sophie; Kemp, Simon; Hudson, Malcolm D.

2016-01-01

Insufficient implementation and the lack of legislative requirements for follow-up measures following the approval of projects are consistently highlighted as major shortcomings of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Although adopted over 15 years ago by the World Bank, Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) were only semi-formalised in the UK in 2008 and arguably provide a continuous link or ‘bridge’ between the EIA process pre-consent and an Environmental Management System (EMS) post-consent. Drawing on twenty-one semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and thematic analysis of their responses, and a broad-scale practitioner survey, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of EMPs as an environmental protection tool across the project lifecycle for major developments. The findings revealed a mixed picture of EMP effectiveness in practice, with EMPs only partially fulfilling a bridging role between EIA and EMS. There is no ‘gold standard’ terminology for EMPs, all having slightly different uses, thus presenting different focuses to different stakeholders and further enhancing variation in practice. For many stakeholders, the effectiveness was simply not known, due to the lack of communication and follow-up that still exists. EMP–EMS linkages were shown to be effective from the developer's perspective when a single organisation has involvement across all project phases, though weaknesses occur when multiple parties are involved. Among other stakeholders, knowledge varied significantly; whilst some were in agreement that the linkages worked, many were unaware of the connections and thought of them as two quite separate tools. Stakeholders advocated for the need to make EMPs a legal requirement; for improved communication between stakeholders during EMP implementation and increased documentation of project outcomes; and for EMPs to be consistently written by environmental professionals. Furthermore, weak links in the current process may be

Análise Empírica dos Impactos dos Accruals na Variação do Capital Circulante Líquido: um estudo no setor de siderurgia e metalurgia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romualdo Douglas Colauto

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O artigo demonstra os impactos dos accruals na variação do capital circulante líquido em companhias abertas do setor de siderurgia e metalurgia. Para constatação de evidências empíricas, utilizou-se como população-alvo as Sociedades Anônimas Abertas apresentadas entre as 500 Maiores e Melhores Empresas, segundo critério da Revista Exame na edição de 2003. A amostra extraída da população foi do tipo intencional não probabilística, com 7 empresas representativas do setor de Siderurgia e Metalurgia. O estudo é delineado como descritivo utilizando-se as técnicas de cluster e intervalo interpercentil para categorizar os dados necessários para as inferências. Os resultados ajudam a melhorar qualidade da informação contábil ao mostrar que os accruals provocam alterações no resultado do período, mas não infl uenciam, simultaneamente, o fluxo financeiro das atividades operacionais das empresas. Coefi cientes de correlações entre o resultado contábil do período ajustado pelos accruals e a variação do capital circulante líquido não apresentaram homogeneidade nos setores observados, mas denotaram significância estatística.

La Medicion de la Productividad del Valor Agregado: una aplicación empírica en una cooperativa agroalimentaria de Costa Rica (Measuring value added productivity: an empirical aplication in an agroalimentary cooperative in Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Morales Sandoval

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La medición de la productividad a nivel de las empresas, así como de las cadenas productivas, resulta ser una condición necesaria para la evaluación de su desempeño, la innovación y la definición de sus estrategias empresariales. La productividad se ha vuelto un tema fundamental en las empresas, ya que una alta productividad y una adecuada estrategia permiten el aumento de la competitividad e innovación en las empresas, debido a que su incremento representa un elemento diferenciador para alcanzar el éxito a nivel nacional e internacional. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar evidencia empírica acerca de la aplicación de un modelo que da respuesta sobre la evaluación del desempeño, la innovación y la estrategia, el cual es denominado “Medición de la productividad del valor agregado” (MPVA, que fue aplicado en una cooperativa agroalimentaria costarricense COOPEBRISAS R.L. como prueba empírica en el análisis del cálculo del valor agregado, cálculo de indicadores de productividad y el análisis de los índices, evaluando los periodos entre el año 2008 y el 2012. Dentro de los resultados de la investigación se destaca que el MPVA permitió cuantificar el desempeño de la cooperativa, al identificar áreas problemáticas y prioritarias para aumentar su posición en el mercado y su productividad.   Abstract A necessary requirement for evaluating the performance, innovation and the definition of company strategy is the measuring of productivity of companies and productive chains. Productivity has become fundamental for companies since high productivity and adequate strategies favors an increase in company competitiveness and innovation that in turn creates a distinguishing element for attaining success at national and international levels. This research aims to provide empirical evidence about the application of a model that evaluates performance, innovation and strategy, called “Value Added Productivity Measurement�

Long-term electromagnetic pulse exposure induces Abeta deposition and cognitive dysfunction through oxidative stress and overexpression of APP and BACE1.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Da-Peng; Li, Jin-Hui; Zhang, Jie; Xu, Sheng-Long; Kuang, Fang; Lang, Hai-Yang; Wang, Ya-Feng; An, Guang-Zhou; Li, Jing; Guo, Guo-Zhen

2016-07-01

A progressively expanded literature has been devoted in the past years to the noxious or beneficial effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) to Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). This study concerns the relationship between electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure and the occurrence of AD in rats and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the role of oxidative stress (OS). 55 healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used and received continuous exposure for 8 months. Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted to test the ability of cognitive and memory. The level of OS was detected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content. We found that long-term EMP exposure induced cognitive damage in rats. The content of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein in hippocampus was increased after long-term EMP exposure. OS of hippocampal neuron was detected. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay showed that the content of Aβ protein and its oligomers in EMP-exposed rats were higher than that of sham-exposed rats. The content of Beta Site App Cleaving Enzyme (BACE1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) in EMP-exposed rats hippocampus were also higher than that of sham-exposed rats. SOD activity and GSH content in EMP-exposed rats were lower than sham-exposed rats (p<0.05). Several mechanisms were proposed based on EMP exposure-induced OS, including increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) aberrant cleavage. Although further study is needed, the present results suggest that long-term EMP exposure is harmful to cognitive ability in rats and could induce AD-like pathological manifestation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

3D7-derived Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 is a frequent target of naturally acquired antibodies recognizing protein domains in a particular pattern independent of malaria transmission intensity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Joergensen, Louise; Vestergaard, Lasse S; Turner, Louise

2007-01-01

Protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria is largely mediated by IgG against surface Ags such as the erythrocyte membrane protein 1 family (PfEMP1) responsible for antigenic variation and sequestration of infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 molecules can be divided into groups A, B/A, B, C, and B......, the sequence by which individuals acquired Abs to particular constructs was largely the same in the three villages. This indicates that the pattern of PfEMP1 expression by parasites transmitted at the different sites was similar, suggesting that PfEMP1 expression is nonrandom and shaped by host......-parasite relationship factors operating at all transmission intensities....

Exportações brasileiras de suco de laranja e subsídios americanos: uma análise empírica de estratégias comerciais (1991-2006

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cássia Kely Favoretto Costa

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O Brasil e os Estados Unidos são considerados os principais participantes no mercado mundial do suco de laranja. Os subsídios americanos afetam as exportações brasileiras de suco de laranja concentrado e congelado (SLCC e a participação do País no mercado mundial de tal produto; neste sentido, objetiva-se analisar a influência dos subsídios agrícolas americanos sobre as exportações do SLCC, no período entre 1991 e 2006. O modelo teórico parase estudar o comércio internacional foi proposto por Brander e Spencer (1985; Brander (1995 e Spencer e Brander (2007, com enfoque de competição imperfeita incorporando a intervenção governamental. Na abordagem empírica, realizou-se uma junção de modelos de séries temporais e de teoria dos jogos, como instrumentos para avaliar o efeito dos subsídios sobre as exportações do suco de laranja. Concluiu-se que a proteção americana prejudicou a capacidade exportadora do Brasil no período examinado. Como conclusão, reforça-se a participação ativa do Brasil na defesa da liberalização do comércio agrícola, para o seu acesso ao setor protegido e também para a conquista de novos parceiros comerciais.

‘La balsa de la medusa’ del Estado benefactor. Una crítica del capital social como sustituto conceptual de la solidaridad y como modelo de desarrollo, desde la interpretación de un estudio empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Marrero

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, el capital social ha dejado de ser un concepto teórico para expli - car los mecanismos de transmisión y ampliación del capital y de invisibilización de esos procesos, para convertirse en un modelo de desarrollo para los más pobres. Esta transformación, que es con - comitante al retiro del Estado como impulsor de políticas públicas en el contexto del capitalismo global, tiene importantes consecuencias teóricas y prácticas que es necesario examinar con el fin de evaluar su pertinencia y su adecuación para la superación de la pobreza y de la desigualdad social. En este artículo se examinan algunos as - pectos críticos de este modelo, a partir de los re - sultados de una investigación empírica.

EMP Interaction: Principles, Techniques and Reference Data (A Compleat concatenation of Technology from the EMP Interaction Notes). EMP Interaction 2-1

Science.gov (United States)

1980-12-01

staff of Dikewood, Santa Monica, no. only has contributed a large amount of material to this document, but also proofread the typescript . In...assistance and skills in the preparation of the entire typescript . Dikewood Industries, Inc. K.S.H. LEE Santa Monica, California September, 1979 xJ

Evidence for in vitro and in vivo expression of the conserved VAR3 (type 3) plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Christian W; Lavstsen, Thomas; Bengtsson, Dominique C

2012-01-01

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Members of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) adhesion antigen family are major contributors to the pathogenesis of P. falciparum malaria infections. The PfEMP1-encoding var genes are among the most diverse sequences in nature, but three genes......, var1, var2csa and var3 are found conserved in most parasite genomes. The most severe forms of malaria disease are caused by parasites expressing a subset of antigenically conserved PfEMP1 variants. Thus the ubiquitous and conserved VAR3 PfEMP1 is of particular interest to the research field. Evidence...... of VAR3 expression on the infected erythrocyte surface has never been presented, and var3 genes have been proposed to be transcribed and expressed differently from the rest of the var gene family members. METHODS: In this study, parasites expressing VAR3 PfEMP1 were generated using anti-VAR3 antibodies...

[The effects of electromagnetic pulse on fluidity and lipid peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Changzhen; Cong, Jianbo; Xian, Hong; Cao, Xiaozhe; Sun, Cunpu; Wu, Ke

2002-08-01

To study the effects of intense electromagnetic pulse(EMP) on the biological effects of mitochondrial membrane. Rat liver mitochondrial suspension was exposed to EMP at 60 kV/m level. The changes of membrane lipid fluidity and membrane protein mobility were detected by ESR and spin label technique. Malondialdehyde(MDA) was detected by spectrophotometer. The mobility of membrane protein decreased significantly(P < 0.05). Correlation time (tau c) of control group was (0.501 +/- 0.077) x 10(-9)s, and tau c of EMP group was (0.594 +/- 0.049) x 10(-9)s, indicating that the mobility of protein was restricted. The fluidity of mitochondrial membrane increased significantly(P < 0.05) at the same time. Order parameter(S) of mitochondrial membrane lipid in control group was 0.63 +/- 0.01, while S of EMP group was 0.61 +/- 0.01(P < 0.05). MDA decreased significantly. The mobility and lipid peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane may be disturbed after EMP exposure.

Effects of copper, organic mercury and a mixture of the two on glycerol lysis of erythrocytes.

OpenAIRE

宮地,芳之

1987-01-01

The effects of copper, organic mercury and a mixture of the two on glycerol lysis of erythrocytes were examined. Copper ion and organic mercury (EMP; ethylmercury phosphate, and PCMB; sodium p-chloromercuricbenzoate) inhibited glycerol lysis of erythrocytes. The inhibitory effects was dependent on the incubation period. An equimolor solution of copper ion and EMP showed between copper ion and EMP. Similar results were obtained with copper and PCMB.

A Survey of Graduates of Combined Emergency Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Programs: An Update.

Science.gov (United States)

Strobel, Ashley M; Chasm, Rose M; Woolridge, Dale P

2016-10-01

In 1998, emergency medicine-pediatrics (EM-PEDS) graduates were no longer eligible for the pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) sub-board certification examination. There is a paucity of guidance regarding the various training options for medical students who are interested in PEM. We sought to to determine attitudes and personal satisfaction of graduates from EM-PEDS combined training programs. We surveyed 71 graduates from three EM-PEDS residences in the United States. All respondents consider their combined training to be an asset when seeking a job, 92% find it to be an asset to their career, and 88% think it provided added flexibility to job searches. The most commonly reported shortcoming was their ineligibility for the PEM sub-board certification. The lack of this designation was perceived to be a detriment to securing academic positions in dedicated children's hospitals. When surveyed regarding which training offers the better skill set for the practice of PEM, 90% (44/49) stated combined EM-PEDS training. When asked which training track gives them the better professional advancement in PEM, 52% (23/44) chose combined EM-PEDS residency, 27% (12/44) chose a pediatrics residency followed by a PEM fellowship, and 25% (11/44) chose an EM residency then a PEM fellowship. No EM-PEDS respondents considered PEM fellowship training after the completion of the dual training program. EM-PEDS graduates found combined training to be an asset in their career. They felt that it provided flexibility in job searches, and that it was ideal training for the skill set required for the practice of PEM. EM-PEDS graduates' practices varied, including mixed settings, free-standing children's hospitals, and community emergency departments. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Judicialização da política e Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos: uma investigação empírica da atuação das organizações da sociedade civil / Judicialization of Politics and Inter-American Human Rights system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Alves Vestena

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo traz análises sobre a terceira fase de pesquisa que vem sendo realizada pelo grupo Direitos Humanos, Poder Judiciário e Sociedade – DHPJS – sobre o sistema de justiça e a atuação de seus agentes no Rio de Janeiro. O foco de observação é a utilização de normas internacionais de direitos humanos pelos tribunais. Nas fases anteriores, juízes e desembargadores foram entrevistados sobre a utilização das normas de direitos humanos em suas decisões, bem como sobre sua formação nessa temática. Nesta etapa, deslocou-se a perspectiva para os demandantes das cortes, especialmente aqueles organizados coletivamente na sociedade civil. Nossa hipótese é a de que as cortes judiciais têm sido provocadas como espaço de disputas, tanto no plano nacional (hipótese que pode ser fundamentada em diversas formulações teóricas quanto no plano internacional. O fenômeno localizado no plano nacional pode ser pensado em termos de sistemas regionais de Direitos Humanos: o sistema interamericano pode estar se constituindo como etapa “para-judicial” para a efetivação desses direitos. Esta segunda hipótese pode ser construída do ponto de vista teórico e testada do ponto de vista empírico, a fim de averiguar se as organizações não governamentais tem utilizado este sistema como uma arena de lutas sociais. A pesquisa empírica realizada pelo grupo trouxe dados para refletir sobre essa hipótese, além de indicar caminhos a serem explorados. Foram entrevistadas 36 ONGs inscritas na ABONG – Associação Brasileira de Organizações Não-Governamentais - que atuam com a defesa de Direitos Humanos para investigar as formas de atuação destes grupos junto ao Judiciário e ao sistema interamericano. No presente artigo apresentamos potenciais relações da judicialização da política com os sistemas regionais de Direitos Humanos, a partir dos dados encontrados na investigação empírica, que revela a utiliza

Multiple Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variants per genome can bind IgM via its Fc fragment Fcμ

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jeppesen, Anine; Ditlev, Sisse Bolm; Soroka, Vladyslav

2015-01-01

with severe clinical manifestations, such as cerebral malaria in children and placental malaria in pregnant women. PfEMP1 that can bind the Fc part of IgM (Fcμ) characterizes one such type, although the functional significance of this IgM binding to PfEMP1 remains unclear. In this study, we report...... resemble the rosette-mediating and IgM-binding PfEMP1 HB3VAR06, but none of them mediated formation of rosettes. We could map the capacity for Fc-specific IgM binding to DBLε domains near the C terminus for three of the four PfEMP1 proteins tested. Our study provides new evidence regarding Fc...

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF CORN CHIPS PROCESSING IN DISTRICT GUNUNGKIDUL YOGYAKARTA REGION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Subagiyo

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini betujuan untuk megetahui kelayakan finansial pengolahan emping jagung, penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2014 di Kabapaten Gunungkidul dengan menggunakan metode survai dan wawancara langsung dengan sembilan pengrajin emping jagung. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial digunakan analisis menggunakan R/C, B/C dan BEP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha pengolahan emping jagung di Kabupaten Gunungkidul telah lama dilakukan lebih dari 10 tahun. Kapasitas produksi ratarata dalam satu kali proses produksi 200 kg jagung dan dalam satu minggu lima kali pengolahan. Berdasarkan analisis finansial usaha pengolahan emping jagung secara ekonomis layak dan menguntungkan yaitu dengan R/C 2,01, B/C 1,01 dan TIP 50 kg serta TIH Rp 9.933/kg.

Estudio comparativo de las decisiones de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo español y los resultados de estudios empíricos sobre las implicaciones psicológicas en menores en situación de guarda y custodia compartida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Marín

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se toma como referencia la modificación de la Ley 15/2005 en el Código Civil español, donde se introduce el concepto de guarda y custodia compartida por primera vez en España. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer si existe una relación entre los resultados de las investigaciones con base empírica y las decisiones judiciales acerca de los efectos que producen en menores la guarda y custodia compartidas. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de las investigaciones relativas a las consecuencias de la custodia compartida, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Posteriormente, se han comparado los resultados de las investigaciones con las decisiones de los magistrados, obtenidas tras realizar un análisis de la jurisprudencia de las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo desde el año 2005 hasta el año 2015.

Finishing broiler toms using an estradiol 17 beta implant together with a high energy-low protein final feed.

Science.gov (United States)

Moran, E T; Etches, R J

1983-06-01

Wrolstad Small White toms were implanted with 10 mg of estradiol 17 beta monopalmitate (EMP) at 8 weeks of age. Common corn-soybean meal feeds were given through to 12 weeks, then one-half the birds from control and EMP groups received either an adequate (16% protein, 3166 kcal ME/kg) or high energy-low protein (HE-LP, 12%, 3373 kcal) feed to 14 weeks. No differences in weight gain and feed conversion occurred between EMP and control treatments at 12 weeks but at 14 weeks when the HE-LP diet had been fed the implanted birds performed better than controls. The HE-LP feed led to body weights and feed efficiencies below that of toms given adequate diet. In all cases, EMP elicited male secondary sex characteristics rather than feminization. Processing losses were increased with EMP and when the HE-LP feed had been given. Both treatments also improved finish assessment and were additive to the extent that a substantial increase in grade occurred. Effects on carcass composition, yield of commercial cuts, and cooking loss were small. Implantation, reduced meat yield percentage of breast and thigh. The increase in grade advantage from combining EMP with a feed that forced fat deposition more than compensated for the adverse effects.

Mecanismos de emotividade em relatos de violência:estratégias de elicitação-empática e de (re enquadre sociocomunicativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kaline Girão Jamison

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Nesse trabalho buscamos analisar, - na dinâmica da interação entre duas mulheres em situação de violência e escrivãs, na ocasião dos registros de boletins de ocorrência (BO em uma Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM de Fortaleza, as categorias emotivas propostas por Caffi e Janney (1994- avaliatividade, proximidade, especificidade, evidencialidade e volicionalidade-, investigando a relação entre esses mecanismos emotivocomunicativos e seu papel como estratégia de elicitação empática (MARTINOVSKY; MAO, 2009, como também de elaboração de faces (GOFFMAN, 1967. O objetivo consiste, portanto, em examinar a comunicação emotiva, num contexto de relato de violência, e sua relação com processos de (re enquadre (frame sociocomuniticativo em conversas autênticas entre mulheres. Constatamos que é a partir da noção de enquadramento (frame que a situação interacional se organiza e que os papéis sociais são definidos. No caso das mulheres que se dirigiram à DEAM para realizar o BO, cada uma reivindica uma imagem social apropriada para as regras da interação comunicativa da qual fazem parte. Por exemplo, no caso das duas participantes que não desejaram requerer medidas legais contra seus agressores, apenas registrar a queixa, detectamos que elas se utilizaram de categorias emotivas no intuito de conquistarem a empatia da interlocutora e estabelecer uma maior adequação a seu enquadre sociocomunicativo. Palavras-Chave: Mecanismos de emotividade. Elaboração de Faces. Empatia. Interação.

Evaluación de la Utilidad de la Información Financiera Elaborada por la Pequeña Empresa: Un Estudio Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Milanés Montero

2006-06-01

Full Text Available El importante papel económico y social que desempeñan las entidades de menores dimensiones en España y en toda Europa y el actual escenario de reforma contable en que nos encontramos justifican la importancia de analizar el grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos utilitaristas de la información contenida en las Cuentas Anuales elaboradas conforme a las normas domésticas actualmente en vigor. Así, en este trabajo se aporta evidencia empírica al respecto utilizando para ello una encuesta de opinión dirigida a los gerentes de estas empresas. Los resultados revelan que la información elaborada conforme a las normas domésticas incumple sus objetivos utilitaristas y que entre las causas de dicho incumplimiento atribuibles al empresario se encuentran su mentalidad de considerar la contabilidad como un gasto y no como una inversión y su escasa formación en materia contable.The important economic and social role that carry out the small entities in Spain and in all Europe and the current strategy of harmonising the financial information, make worth the analysis of the degree of execution of the objective of utility of the Annual Accounts elaborated according to the domestic standards. In this context, we provide empirical evidence about it by means of a questionnaire sent to the managers of these companies. The results obtained show that the financial information elaborated in conformity with the domestic accounting standards doesn't complete its objective of utility and that the causes of this that can be responsibility of the managers are their mentality of considering the accounting as a cost instead that an investment and their scarce formation in accounting.

Adquisición de competencias a través de juegos serios en el área contable: un análisis empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Sol Calabor

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El actual sistema de educación superior se basa en un aprendizaje activo por parte del estudiante enfocado al desarrollo de competencias genéricas y específicas. En este contexto muchos autores defienden el uso de simulaciones que favorezcan dicho aprendizaje y, los denominados «juegos serios» (serious games [SG] se adaptan a este reto. Sin embargo, el empuje que cabría esperar por el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías y de la llegada de los denominados «nativos digitales» a las aulas no es coherente ni con su grado de implantación ni con la escasa investigación desarrollada sobre la efectividad de su uso. Los objetivos de este estudio son describir una experiencia docente de implantación de un SG en el ámbito universitario de una materia de contabilidad de gestión y evaluar la adquisición de competencias tanto genéricas como específicas previamente definidas como objetivo de dicha materia, mediante el análisis de la percepción de los estudiantes. Se utilizan dos cuestionaros pre- y postactividad, y se concluye que, a priori, no parecen existir barreras ni tecnológicas ni demográficas para su utilización. Adicionalmente, los estudiantes perciben que el SG contribuye significativamente a la adquisición de las competencias. Observamos también de manera directa que se fomenta el trabajo en equipo. Este trabajo contribuye a la escasa investigación empírica sobre el uso y la potencialidad de los SG como instrumentos efectivos de aprendizaje, concretamente en el ámbito de la enseñanza universitaria en el área de gestión.

Influence of sex on the number of circulating endothelial microparticles and microRNA expression in middle-aged adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Bammert, Tyler D; Hijmans, Jamie G; Kavlich, Philip J; Lincenberg, Grace M; Reiakvam, Whitney R; Fay, Ryan T; Greiner, Jared J; Stauffer, Brian L; DeSouza, Christopher A

2017-08-01

What is the central question of this study? Are there sex-related differences in the number of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and microparticle microRNA expression in middle-aged adult humans? What is the main finding and its importance? Although the numbers of circulating endothelial microparticles do not differ between middle-aged men and women, there are sex-related differences in the expression of miR-125a in activation-derived EMPs and miR-34a in apoptosis-derived EMPs. Differences in circulating endothelial microparticle microRNA content may provide new insight into the sex-related disparity in the risk and prevalence of vascular disease in middle-aged adults. The aims of this study were to determine: (i) whether circulating concentrations of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) differ in middle-aged men compared with women; and (ii) whether there are sex-related differences in microRNA expression in EMPs. Peripheral blood was collected from 30 sedentary adults: 15 men (56 ± 6 years old) and 15 women (56 ± 5 years old). Endothelial microparticles were defined by markers of activation (CD62e + ) or apoptosis (CD31 + /CD42b - ) by flow cytometry. Expression of microRNA (miR-34a, 92a, 125a and 126) in activation- and apoptosis-derived EMPs was measured by RT-PCR. Circulating activation- (33 ± 31 versus 39 ± 35 microparticles μl -1 ) and apoptosis-derived EMPs (49 ± 54 versus 42 ± 43 microparticles μl -1 ) were not significantly different between men and women. Expression of miR-125a (2.23 ± 2.01 versus 6.95 ± 3.99 a.u.) was lower (∼215%; P < 0.05) in activation-derived EMPs, whereas expression of miR-34a (1.17 ± 1.43 versus 0.38 ± 0.35 a.u.) was higher (∼210%; P < 0.05) in apoptosis-derived EMPs from men compared with women. Expression of microRNA in circulating EMPs may provide new insight into sex-related differences in cardiovascular disease. © 2017 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2017 The

On the electromagnetic pulse generated by exo-atmospheric nuclear detonations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leuthaeuser, K.D.

1983-01-01

When gamma rays produced by high altitude nuclear weapons explosions interact with the atmosphere they generate an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) propagating towards the earth's surface. The EMP covers large areas of millions of km 2 and reaches peak electric fields of more than 50 kV/m which may couple into all kinds of conducting systems. The present paper deals with a simple model to calculate EMP fields basing on Maxwell's equations. (orig.)

Software Development Process Improvement in Datacom Platform

OpenAIRE

Trabelsi, Walid

2008-01-01

Masteroppgave i Informasjons- og Kommunikasjonsteknologi 2008, Universitetet i Agder, Grimstad Ericsson Mobile Platform (EMP) is responsible of the development of a software platform and also to some extend responsible for related hardware parts. EMP is developing the data communication parts of the platform which is used by EMP customers. The platform development is done in large development programs and each program span over a quite a long time period. However, as we see eve...

[Effect of electromagnetic pulse irradiation on structure and function of Leydig cells in mice].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shui-Ming; Wang, De-Wen; Peng, Rui-Yun; Gao, Ya-Bing; Yang, Yi; Hu, Wen-Hua; Chen, Hao-Yu; Zhang, You-Ren; Gao, Yan

2003-08-01

To explore the effect of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) irradiation on structure and function of Leydig cells in mice. One hundred and fourteen male Kunming mice were randomly divided into irradiated and control group, the former radiated generally by 8 x 10(3) V/m, 2 x 10(4) V/m and 6 x 10(4) V/m EMP respectively five times within two minutes. Pathological changes of Leydig cells were observed by light and electron microscope. Serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were measured dynamically by radioimmunoassay at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after irradiation. Main pathological changes were edema and vacuolation, swelling of cytoplasmic mitochondria, reduce of lipid droplets, pale staining of most of lipid droplets, and partial or complete cavitation of lipid droplets in Leydig cells within 28 days after EMP radiation. Compared with normal controls, serum T decreased in all in different degrees within 28 days, and dropped significantly at 6 h-14 d, 6 h-7 d and 1 d-28 d after 8 x 10(3) V/m, 2 x 10(4) V/m and 6 x 10(4) V/m EMP irradiation(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in serum LH and E2. Leydig cells are among those that are the most susceptible to EMP irradiation. EMP irradiation may cause significant injury in structure and function of Leydig cells in mice, whose earlier and continuous effect is bound to affect sexual function and sperm production.

Effects of electromagnetic pulse exposure on gelatinase of blood-brain barrier in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Yan; Qiu, Lian-Bo; An, Guang-Zhou; Zhou, Jia-Xing; Du, Le; Ma, Ya-Hong; Guo, Guo-Zhen; Ding, Gui-Rong

2017-01-01

The biological effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the brain have been focused on for years. It was reported that gelatinase played an important role in maintaining brain function through regulating permeability in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To investigate the effects of EMP on gelatinase of BBB, an in vitro BBB model was established using primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC), astrocytes and half-contact culture of these cells in a transwell chamber. Cultured supernatant and cells were collected at different time points after exposure to EMP (peak intensity 400 kV/m, rise time 10 ns, pulse width 350 ns, 0.5 pps and 200 pulses). Protein levels of cellular gelatinase MMP-2 and MMP-9, and endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were detected by Western blot. The activity of gelatinase in culture supernatant was detected by gelatin zymography. It was found that compared with the sham-exposed group, the protein level of MMP-2 was significantly increased at 6 h (p < 0.05), and the protein level of its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-2 did not change after EMP exposure. In addition, the protein levels of MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 did not change after EMP exposure. Gelatin zymography results showed that the activity of MMP-2 in the inner pool and the outer pool of the transwell chamber was significantly increased at 6 h after EMP exposure compared with that of the sham group. These results suggested that EMP exposure could affect the expression and activity of MMP-2 in the BBB model.

TIC, cualificación, organización y productividad del trabajo: un análisis empírico sobre las nuevas fuentes de la eficiencia empresarial en Cataluña

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joan Torrent-Sellens

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de los datos para una muestra representativa del tejido productivo privado en Cataluña (1.283 empresas y en sintonía con la evidencia empírica internacional, en este trabajo se analizan las nuevas fuentes co-innovadoras (usos TIC, nuevas formas de organización y cualificación del trabajo de la productividad empresarial. Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido identificar un patrón competitivo caracterizado por la decisiva contribución del capital físico productivo. Además, una segmentación del tejido empresarial nos sugiere la existencia de dos patrones competitivos claramente diferenciados. En las empresas intensivas en el uso de la tecnología y el conocimiento (alrededor de una quinta parte del total, la explicación de su nivel de productividad se basa en el capital físico productivo, los nuevos conjuntos de prácticas de organización del trabajo y las complementariedades entre éstas y el uso de las TIC. Por el contrario, en la gran mayoría de empresas catalanas (el 80% restante que no usa intensivamente la tecnología y el conocimiento no se ha encontrado evidencia que corrobore la existencia de nuevas fuentes co-innovadoras en la explicación de su potencial de crecimiento a largo plazo.

47 CFR 215.1 - Background.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.1 Background. (a) The nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is part of the complex environment produced by nuclear explosions. It consists of transient...

Measuring exchange market pressure in South Africa: an application of the Girton-Roper monetary model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emmanuel Ziramba

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The monetary approach to the balance of payments is based on the assumption of a fixed exchange rate, while its approach to exchange rate determination is based on perfectly flexible exchange rate. Another monetary model called the Exchange Market Pressure model (EMP was designed to capture the properties of the managed float. This paper applies the monetary model of the EMP to the South African experience with floating exchange rate and managed float systems over the period 1970-1993. We show that the EMP model is superior to the traditional monetary approach. We do not find evidence of the impact of domestic real income on EMP. Diagnostic tests suggest that the model is well specified and the residuals pass the typical checking.

Electro-optic analysis of the influence of target geometry on electromagnetic pulses generated by petawatt laser-matter interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Timothy; Giltrap, Samuel; Eardley, Samuel; Consoli, Fabrizio; De Angelis, Riccardo; Ingenito, Francesco; Stuart, Nicholas; Verona, Claudio; Smith, Roland A.

2018-01-01

We present an analysis of strong laser-driven electromagnetic pulses using novel electro-optic diagnostic techniques. A range of targets were considered, including thin plastic foils (20-550 nm) and mass-limited, optically-levitated micro-targets. Results from foils indicate a dependence of EMP on target thickness, with larger peak electric fields observed with thinner targets. Spectral analysis suggests high repeatability between shots, with identified spectral features consistently detected with earth following ejection of hot electrons from the plasma, in contrast to predictions for pin-mounted foils in the Poyé EMP generation model. With levitated targets, no EMP was measurable above the noise threshold of any diagnostic, despite observation of protons accelerated to >30 MeV energies, suggesting the discharge current contribution to EMP is dominant.

Endothelial microparticles: Sophisticated vesicles modulating vascular function

Science.gov (United States)

Curtis, Anne M; Edelberg, Jay; Jonas, Rebecca; Rogers, Wade T; Moore, Jonni S; Syed, Wajihuddin; Mohler, Emile R

2015-01-01

Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) belong to a family of extracellular vesicles that are dynamic, mobile, biological effectors capable of mediating vascular physiology and function. The release of EMPs can impart autocrine and paracrine effects on target cells through surface interaction, cellular fusion, and, possibly, the delivery of intra-vesicular cargo. A greater understanding of the formation, composition, and function of EMPs will broaden our understanding of endothelial communication and may expose new pathways amenable for therapeutic manipulation. PMID:23892447

47 CFR 215.0 - Purpose and authority.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... POINT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE (EMP) INFORMATION § 215.0 Purpose and authority. The purpose of this part is to designate a focal point within the Federal Government for electromagnetic pulse (EMP...

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytomas.

Science.gov (United States)

Mayr, N A; Wen, B C; Hussey, D H; Burns, C P; Staples, J J; Doornbos, J F; Vigliotti, A P

1990-04-01

Between 1960 and 1985, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytomas were treated with radiotherapy at the University of Iowa: 13 patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) and 17 with solitary plasmacytomas of bone (SPB). The local control rates were 92% for patients with EMP and 88% for those with SPB. Two of nine patients (22%) with EMP treated to the primary tumor only developed regional lymph node metastasis, indicating the need for elective irradiation of this area. The most common pattern of failure in both groups was progression to multiple myeloma. This occurred in 23% of the patients with EMP and 53% of those with SPB. The time course of progression to multiple myeloma differed for the two groups. All of those who progressed to multiple myeloma in the EMP group did so within 2 years, whereas a significant number of those in the SPB group progressed more than 5 years after initial therapy. None of five patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in the SPB group progressed to multiple myeloma, compared to 75% (9/12) of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy.

An Approach for Effect Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulse in Operating NPPs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryu, Ho Sun; Ye, Song Hae; Kim, Minyi; Lee, Euijong

2016-01-01

Recently, there is a growing Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) threat caused by North Korea’s nuclear weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). KHNP CRI is currently conducting a research project that will evaluate the safety of domestic nuclear power plants (NPPs) against EMP effects and prepare safety measures to counter vulnerable points. We will instead use simulation tools to evaluate the electromagnetic shielding ability and the conductivity of cables through vulnerable points in NPPs. Through a study of electromagnetic simulation techniques and tools, this paper suggests a simulation method for analysis of EMP effects in operating NPPs. Although 3D tools are relatively accurate, is difficult to use only 3D tools to simulate EMP effects for huge and complex structures such as NPPs. It is more efficient in terms of cost and time to use a 3D tool and an EMT tool for the simulation of such structures. We have compared the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and have selected the most appropriate tools; we will proceed in our next paper with the simulation of EMP effects

ICTs in national and transnational mobilizations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alice Mattoni

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the use of ICTs in national and transnational mobilizations. The case study under investigation is the Euro Mayday Parade (EMP against precarity, which occurred at both the national and transnational level. The articles focus on three aspects of social movement activities. First, organizational processes in which ICTs are used at both the national and transnational level of the EMP in combination with face-to-face interactions, which play an important role in sustaining protest planning. Second, identification processes in which ICTs have a more important impact at the transnational level than at the national level of the EMP. Third, ICTs are not only seen as opportunities but also as challenges that activist groups involved in the EMP had to deal with in the preparation of the EMP. In presenting these results, the article suggests that a comparison between the national and transnational level of the same protest campaign could highlight new aspects in the use of ICTs, which deserve further investigation.

An Approach for Effect Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulse in Operating NPPs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ryu, Ho Sun; Ye, Song Hae; Kim, Minyi; Lee, Euijong [KHNP CRI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

Recently, there is a growing Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) threat caused by North Korea’s nuclear weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). KHNP CRI is currently conducting a research project that will evaluate the safety of domestic nuclear power plants (NPPs) against EMP effects and prepare safety measures to counter vulnerable points. We will instead use simulation tools to evaluate the electromagnetic shielding ability and the conductivity of cables through vulnerable points in NPPs. Through a study of electromagnetic simulation techniques and tools, this paper suggests a simulation method for analysis of EMP effects in operating NPPs. Although 3D tools are relatively accurate, is difficult to use only 3D tools to simulate EMP effects for huge and complex structures such as NPPs. It is more efficient in terms of cost and time to use a 3D tool and an EMT tool for the simulation of such structures. We have compared the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and have selected the most appropriate tools; we will proceed in our next paper with the simulation of EMP effects.

Nuclear pulse. I - Awakening to the chaos factor

Science.gov (United States)

Broad, W. J.

1981-05-01

The discovery of the significance of the high-voltage wave termed electromagnetic pulse (EMP), which occurs following the high-altitude detonation of a nuclear device, is discussed. The disruptions to the street lights, burglar alarms and circuit breakers of Hawaii caused by the detonation of a nuclear device 248 mi above Johnson Island in the Pacific in July, 1962 are described and attributed to the Compton electrons produced by the impact of gamma rays from the nuclear explosion on air in the upper atmosphere. It is pointed out, however, that at the time of the explosion, most communications systems were based on vacuum tube and electromechanical technology, which is about 10,000,000 times harder against EMP than integrated solid-state circuitry, and thus the threat posed by EMP to the power grid and communications capabilities was not apparent. Efforts undertaken to harden discrete (missile) and communications systems against EMP are outlined for the example of the Safeguard ABM system, and difficulties are pointed out. Soviet awareness of EMP is considered, and the discovery of vacuum tubes on board the state-of-the-art Foxbat MiG interceptor flown into Japan is noted as a possible indicator of this awareness. It is concluded that the problem of EMP will increase in significance as semiconductor electronics proliferates.

Tipología Empírica de Adolescentes Consumidores de Drogas según el MACI Empirical Typology of Adolescent Drug Users According to the MACI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ximena Faúndez

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una tipología empírica de adolescentes consumidores de drogas desarrollada a partir de las escalas de patrones de personalidad del Inventario Clínico para Adolescentes de Millón (MACI.Se aplicó el MACI y una entrevista clínica semiestructurada a 116 adolescentes chilenos consumidores de drogas, de entre 13 y 19 años, tanto hombres como mujeres. El análisis de conglomerados sugirió una solución óptima de 3 tipos para la muestra de hombres, denominados Transgresor-Poderoso, Subclínico y Oposicionista-Autodegradante. En la muestra de mujeres se encontró una solución de 4 tipos, denominados Oposicionista-Transgresor, Inhibido-Autodegradante, Subclínico y en Riesgo. Esta tipología fue interpretada de acuerdo a los 3 grupos de escalas del MACI y a la información clínica, obteniéndose resultados consistentes con los antecedentes teóricos recabados.An empirical typology of adolescent drug users, using the personality pattern scales from the Millón Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI, is presented. The MACI and a clinical interview were applied to 116 Chilean adolescent drug users, between 13 and 19 years of age, both male and female. The cluster analysis results suggested for the male sample a solution composed of 3 personality types, named Unruly-Forceful, Subclinical, and Oppositional-Self Demeaning. The final solution of the female sample was composed of 4 types, named Oppositional-Unruly, Inhibited-Self-Demeaning, Subclinical and at Risk. This typology was interpreted according to the 3 groups of MACI scales and clinical information, obtaining consistent results with the theoretical background.

Increased circulating endothelial apoptotic microparticle to endothelial progenitor cell ratio is associated with subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chien-Yi Hsu

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Recent research indicates hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria have decreased endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs and increased levels of endothelial apoptotic microparticles (EMP. However, whether these changes are related to a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled totally 100 hypertensive out-patients with eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2. The mean annual rate of GFR decline (△GFR/y was -1.49 ± 3.26 mL/min/1.73 m(2 per year during the follow-up period (34 ± 6 months. Flow cytometry was used to assess circulating EPC (CD34(+/KDR(+ and EMP levels (CD31(+/annexin V(+ in peripheral blood. The △GFR/y was correlated with the EMP to EPC ratio (r= -0.465, p<0.001, microalbuminuria (r= -0.329, p=0.001, and the Framingham risk score (r= -0.245, p=0.013. When we divided the patients into 4 groups according to the EMP to EPC ratio, there was an association between the EMP to EPC ratio and the ΔGFR/y (mean ΔGFR/y: 0.08 ± 3.04 vs. -0.50 ± 2.84 vs. -1.25 ± 2.49 vs. -4.42 ± 2.82, p<0.001. Multivariate analysis indicated that increased EMP to EPC ratio is an independent predictor of ΔeGFR/y. CONCLUSIONS: An increased circulating EMP to EPC ratio is associated with subsequent decline in GFR in hypertensive patients, which suggests endothelial damage with reduced vascular repair capacity may contribute to further deterioration of renal function in patients with hypertension.

Morphological identification of the Soprano Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus Leach, 1825 in Croatia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Igor Pavlinić

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract After the discovery of two different phonic types within the common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, mtDNA analysis confirmed the existence of two separate species named as common pipistrelle (<em>P. pipistrellus and soprano pipistrelle (<em>P. pygmaeus. The discrimination of these two cryptic species using external characters and measures has proved to be somewhat problematic. We examined two colonies of soprano pipistrelle from Donji Miholjac, Croatia. As a result, only two characters proved to be of help for field identification: wing venation (89% of cases and penis morphology and colour for males. The difference in length between the 2^nd and 3^rd phalanxes of the 3^rd finger should be discarded as diagnostic trait between <em>P. pipistrellus and <em>P. pygmaeus in Croatia. Riassunto Identificazione su basi morfologiche del pipistrello pigmeo (Pipistrellus pygmeaus, Leach, 1825 in Croazia. A seguito della descrizione di due differenti "tipi fonici" nel pipistrello nano (Pipistrellus pipistrellus e della successiva conferma su basi genetiche dell'esistenza di due specie distinte, designate come pipistrello nano (<em>P. pipistrellus e pipistrello pigmeo (<em>P. pygmaeus, la distinzione delle due specie in base a caratteristiche morfologiche esterne si è dimostrata un problema di difficile soluzione. Sulla base delle caratteristiche distintive e delle differenze biometriche proposte da altri Autori, sono state esaminate due colonie di pipistrello pigmeo a Donji Miholjac, in Croazia. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano che, tra tutti i potenziali caratteri sinora proposti, solo due risultano utili per un'identificazione diretta sul campo: la venatura delle ali, risultata utile alla discriminazione nell'89% degli esemplari analizzati, e la colorazione e morfologia del pene nei maschi. La

Estramustine phosphate in the treatment of hormone escape prostatic carcinoma - a 3 year follow-up

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Altaf H Syed

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: A recent literature review has shown rekin-dled interest in the use of estramustine phosphate (EMP inpatients with advanced prostatic cancer. This led us to assess prostate specific antigen (PSA response and drug tolerability following EMP therapy inpatients with hor-mone refractory prostate cancer Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients with a mean age of 73.5 years (range 49 to 85 years received EMP for hormone insensitive prostate cancer from January 1996 onwards. They were received at 6 weeks initially followed by 3 monthly intervals to monitor further progression of disease. At each visit clinical examination and blood chem-istry (PSA, etc was done and further investigations, i.e., bone scan, CT scan, etc. were requested if thought neces-sary. Results: According to the WHO score of pain 71 %found immediate symptomatic relief following EMP treatment but only 29% were pain free after one year PSA level showed a persistent decline of> 50% of pre-treatment value in 16 patients (64% at 6 weeks. However, at 1 year 22% had either a still declining PSA or had reached a stable nadir PSA level while the rest showed rising PSA suggesting in-sensitivity to EMP. Three out of 5 patients (excluding I patient with intolerance at 2 months with> 80% decrease in PSA at 6 weeks had longer period of progression free interval (1 year in 2 and 2 years in 1 patient. The treat-ment was generally well tolerated (72% as only 7 patients had to discontinue EMP because of severe side ef-fects. Conclusions: EMP treatment in patients with hormone escaped prostatic cancer does produce immediate PSA response which is reflected simultaneously in pain improve-ment in the majority of cases but overall the benefit is shortlived. Patients who have> 80% reduction in pre-treat-ment PSA value at 6 weeks may have longer period of pro-gressionfree intervals. However EMP was generally well tolerated.

Análisis estocástico de señales vibratorias de motores de inducción para la detección de fallas usando descomposición de modo empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandro Rivera Roldán

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un análisis de vibraciones en motores de inducción por medio de Modelos Ocultos de Markov (Hidden Markov Model - HMM aplicado a características obtenidas de la Descomposición de Modo Empírico (Empirical Mode Decomposition - EMD y transformada de Hilbert-Huang de señales de vibración obtenidas en las coordenadas x y y, con el fin de detectar fallas de funcionamiento en rodamientos y barras.  Además se presenta un análisis comparativo de la capacidad de las señales de vibración en dirección x y en dirección y, para aportar información en la detección de fallas. Así, un HMM ergódico inicializado y entrenado por medio del algoritmo de máxima esperanza, con convergencia en 10e-7 y un máximo de iteraciones de 100, se aplicó sobre el espacio de características y su desempeño fue determinado mediante validación cruzada 80-20 con 30 fold, obteniendo un alto desempeño para la detección de fallas en términos de exactitud.

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

2013-01-23

Jan 23, 2013 ... multiple myeloma (MM) and plasma cell leukemia. ... Therefore, multiple myeloma was excluded by nuclear ... chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sixteen ... EMP[13].In cases of EMP, the white blood cell, renal function and ...

Nota metodológica sobre el estudio : Socialización, aculturación y competencia intercultural. Un análisis empírico de familias multiculturales (Methodological note on the study :Socialization, acculturation and intercultural competence. An empirical analysis of multicultural families

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

López Monsalve, Begoña

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Las siguientes páginas presentan brevemente la metodología empleada en el estudio Socialización, aculturación y competencia intercultural. Un análisis empírico de familias multiculturales (SEJ200505034. Se trata de anotaciones metodológicas que exponen algunos de los mayores logros de esta investigación que, con un diseño innovador, aborda un tema de gran relevancia social desde una óptica privilegiada, como es la multiculturalidad vivida en el seno de las familias mixtas; casos cada vez más comunes en la sociedad española actual.Abstract: These pages present the essential methodological points of the research Socialization, acculturation and intercultural competence. An empirical analysis of multicultural families (SEJ200505034. Across the focus of this research It's possible to analyze the multiculturality from a exceptionally perspective: the multiculturalism in home; situations that are being increased in the current Spanish society.

Development of electro-magnetic pump for the ASTRID Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Tetsu; Aizawa, Rie; Wakasaki, Shingo; Dechelette, Frank; Benoit, Fabrice

2017-01-01

In the framework of the SFR (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) prototype called ASTRID (Advance Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration), the large capacity Electro-Magnetic Pumps (EMP) as main circulating pumps on the intermediate sodium circuits has been considered instead of mechanical pumps by CEA. The use of EMP has several decisive technological merits compared with mechanical pump in the reactor design, operation and maintenance. Nevertheless, some theoretical and technological developments have to be carried out in order to validate the design tools which take Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) phenomena into account and the applicability of the EMP to the steady state and transient operating conditions of ASTRID. To move forward to developments, a collaboration agreement between the CEA and TOSHIBA Corporation was made and entered into to carry out a joint work program on the EMP for ASTRID design and development. CEA performed the theoretical analysis, and the EMP experimental model is constructed by CEA to support these theoretical developments. This model consists of a middle-size annular EMP for the liquid metal sodium. The various testing program using this model has been started in 2016. TOSHIBA performed the examination of design specification for ASTRID, an electromagnetic design, a structural design and various analyses. The structure design has been examined the placement of the sodium boundary and the withstand pressure, etc. And, if the thicknesses of the structure increase for withstanding pressure, the pump efficiency falls because the loss of the electromagnetic force increases. Therefore the balance between withstanding pressure and the efficiency has been considered by an electromagnetism design. This paper presents the design studies and experimental activities for the EMP development in the framework of the CEA-TOSHIBA collaborations. (author)

THE SYNTHETIC-OVERSAMPLING METHOD: USING PHOTOMETRIC COLORS TO DISCOVER EXTREMELY METAL-POOR STARS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, A. A., E-mail: amiller@astro.caltech.edu [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 169-506, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States)

2015-09-20

Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars ([Fe/H] ≤ −3.0 dex) provide a unique window into understanding the first generation of stars and early chemical enrichment of the universe. EMP stars are exceptionally rare, however, and the relatively small number of confirmed discoveries limits our ability to exploit these near-field probes of the first ∼500 Myr after the Big Bang. Here, a new method to photometrically estimate [Fe/H] from only broadband photometric colors is presented. I show that the method, which utilizes machine-learning algorithms and a training set of ∼170,000 stars with spectroscopically measured [Fe/H], produces a typical scatter of ∼0.29 dex. This performance is similar to what is achievable via low-resolution spectroscopy, and outperforms other photometric techniques, while also being more general. I further show that a slight alteration to the model, wherein synthetic EMP stars are added to the training set, yields the robust identification of EMP candidates. In particular, this synthetic-oversampling method recovers ∼20% of the EMP stars in the training set, at a precision of ∼0.05. Furthermore, ∼65% of the false positives from the model are very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] ≤ −2.0 dex). The synthetic-oversampling method is biased toward the discovery of warm (∼F-type) stars, a consequence of the targeting bias from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding survey. This EMP selection method represents a significant improvement over alternative broadband optical selection techniques. The models are applied to >12 million stars, with an expected yield of ∼600 new EMP stars, which promises to open new avenues for exploring the early universe.

EPOR-Based Purification and Analysis of Erythropoietin Mimetic Peptides from Human Urine by Cys-Specific Cleavage and LC/MS/MS

Science.gov (United States)

Vogel, Matthias; Thomas, Andreas; Schänzer, Wilhelm; Thevis, Mario

2015-09-01

The development of a new class of erythropoietin mimetic agents (EMA) for treating anemic conditions has been initiated with the discovery of oligopeptides capable of dimerizing the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor and thus stimulating erythropoiesis. The most promising amino acid sequences have been mounted on various different polymeric structures or carrier molecules to obtain highly active EPO-like drugs exhibiting beneficial and desirable pharmacokinetic profiles. Concomitant with creating new therapeutic options, erythropoietin mimetic peptide (EMP)-based drug candidates represent means to artificially enhance endurance performance and necessitate coverage by sports drug testing methods. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a strategy for the comprehensive detection of EMPs in doping controls, which can be used complementary to existing protocols. Three model EMPs were used to provide proof-of-concept data. Following EPO receptor-facilitated purification of target analytes from human urine, the common presence of the cysteine-flanked core structure of EMPs was exploited to generate diagnostic peptides with the aid of a nonenzymatic cleavage procedure. Sensitive detection was accomplished by targeted-SIM/data-dependent MS2 analysis. Method characterization was conducted for the EMP-based drug peginesatide concerning specificity, linearity, precision, recovery, stability, ion suppression/enhancement, and limit of detection (LOD, 0.25 ng/mL). Additionally, first data for the identification of the erythropoietin mimetic peptides EMP1 and BB68 were generated, demonstrating the multi-analyte testing capability of the presented approach.

Aprendizagem Tecnológica e Inovação Industrial em Economias Emergentes: uma Breve Contribuição para o Desenho e Implementação de Estudos Empíricos e Estratégias no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo N. Figueiredo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The theme of industrial innovation strategies was formally brought into the government agenda in Brazil during the late-1960s. Since then, there has been a profusion of studies based on descriptions and analysis relative to the design and implementation of industrial innovation strategies. Despite the merit of the existing works in this field in Brazil, there still is a scarcity of both conceptual and, in particular, management approaches to contribute to improving innovation strategies in Brazil. Thus, the focus of this article is centred on two tasks. The first is to clarify some definitions underlying the design and implementation of empirical studies and industrial innovation strategies from the perspective on technological learning in emerging economies. The second is to present some metrics associated with the design and implementation of such strategies and empirical studies, particularly in Brazil. The article seeks to clarify and enlarge the understanding of the intricate process of technological development in the context of emerging economies and, thus, assist researchers and managers involved with industrial innovation management in Brazil.O tema estratégia de inovação industrial entrou formalmente na agenda de discussão e ação governamental no Brasil no final dos anos 1960. Desde então, tem havido uma profusão de estudos baseados em descrições, análises e propostas relativas a estratégias de inovação industrial no País. A despeito do grande mérito dos vários trabalhos neste campo no Brasil, ainda há uma escassez de contribuições conceituais e, principalmente, gerenciais voltadas para o aprimoramento do desenho e da implementação de estudos empíricos e de tais estratégias. Por isso, este artigo tem seu foco em duas tarefas: a primeira é clarificar certas definições relativas ao desenho e implementação de estudos empíricos e de estratégias de inovação industrial a partir da perspectiva de aprendizagem

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytomas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mayr, N.A.; B-Chen Wen; Hussey, D.H.; Staples, J.J.; Doornbos, J.F.; Vigliotti, A.P. (Iowa University College of Medicine, Iowa City (USA). Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology); Burns, C.P. (Iowa University College of Medicine, Iowa City (USA). Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine)

1990-03-01

Between 1960 and 1985, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytomas wee treated with radiotherapy at the University of Iowa: 13 patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) and 17 with solitary plasmacytomas of bone (SPB). The local control rats were 92% for patients with EMP and 88% for those with SPB. Two of nine patients (22%) with EMP treated to the primary tumor only developed regional lymph node metastasis, indicating the need for elective irradiation of this area. The most common pattern of failure in both groups was progression to multiple myeloma. This occurred in 23% of the patients with EMP and 53% of those with SPB. The time course of progression to multiple myeloma differed for the two groups. All of those who progressed to multiple myeloma in the EMP group did so within 2 years, whereas a significant number of those in the SPB group progressed more than 5 years after initial therapy. None of five patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in the SPB group progressed to multiple myeloma, compared to 75% (9/12) of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy. (author). 20 refs.; 3 figs.; 5 tabs.

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mayr, N.A.; B-Chen Wen; Hussey, D.H.; Staples, J.J.; Doornbos, J.F.; Vigliotti, A.P.; Burns, C.P.

1990-01-01

Between 1960 and 1985, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytomas wee treated with radiotherapy at the University of Iowa: 13 patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) and 17 with solitary plasmacytomas of bone (SPB). The local control rats were 92% for patients with EMP and 88% for those with SPB. Two of nine patients (22%) with EMP treated to the primary tumor only developed regional lymph node metastasis, indicating the need for elective irradiation of this area. The most common pattern of failure in both groups was progression to multiple myeloma. This occurred in 23% of the patients with EMP and 53% of those with SPB. The time course of progression to multiple myeloma differed for the two groups. All of those who progressed to multiple myeloma in the EMP group did so within 2 years, whereas a significant number of those in the SPB group progressed more than 5 years after initial therapy. None of five patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in the SPB group progressed to multiple myeloma, compared to 75% (9/12) of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy. (author). 20 refs.; 3 figs.; 5 tabs

Correlation between CT review findings and pulmonary function in pulmonary emphysema

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, Masaki; Fukuda, Kiyoshi; Homma, Toshiaki

1987-01-01

We investigated the correlation between CT and pulmonary function test results in five normal controls and ten patients with severe pulmonary emphysema. We used mean lung attenuation values (MLAV) and ΔEMP as the index of emphysematous change in CT. ΔEMP was defined as the ratio of the area (-960 Hounsfield Units ∼ -1024 HU) to the area (-774 HU ∼ -1024 HU). MLAV and ΔEMP were measured from histograms of the CT review. Mean MLAV in pulmonary emphysema was -947.1 ± 9.3 HU, and that in normal controls was -906.6 ± 23.6 HU. Mean ΔEMP in pulmonary emphysema was 50.0 ± 9.9 %, and that in normal controls was 18.8 ± 13.0 %. The data in pulmonary emphysema cases differed significantly from those in normal controls. Furthermore MLAV and ΔEMP had good correlation to VC, %VC, FEV 1 , FEV 1 /FVC, RV/TLC, %V 25 and Raw. CT is an easier examination than pulmonary function test for patients, and can show the extent and the distribution of emphysematous area. In this study it is suggested that CT is a useful examination in severe pulmonary emphysema. (author)

Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the carotid space: Expanding the differential diagnosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deshpande, Sneha Satish; Kane, Shubhada; Arya, Supreeta

2014-01-01

Plasma cell neoplasms have been classified into various types, with a range of clinical and radiological presentations. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a subset of plasma cell neoplasms which presents as an isolated non-osseous soft tissue mass. Though carotid space neoplasms are commonly encountered, EMP in the carotid space is rare and seldom considered in the initial differential diagnosis of a carotid space mass. These tumors can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy. On the other hand, the commonly encountered tumors in the carotid space are treated surgically. Also, it is mandatory to exclude multiple myeloma in the patients presenting with EMP. Hence, accurate and early diagnosis has therapeutic and prognostic implications. We report a rare case of EMP of the carotid space, describing the imaging features and the differential diagnoses with clues pointing to this rare entity

Expression of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in experimentally infected humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lavstsen, Thomas; Magistrado, Pamela; Hermsen, Cornelus C

2005-01-01

-encoded Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family, which is expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes where it mediates binding to endothelial receptors. Thus, severe malaria may be caused by parasites expressing PfEMP1 variants that afford parasites optimal sequestration...... in immunologically naive individuals and high effective multiplication rates. METHODS: var gene transcription was analysed using real time PCR and PfEMP1 expression by western blots as well as immune plasma recognition of parasite cultures established from non-immune volunteers shortly after infection with NF54...... compared to parasites expressing other var genes. The differential expression of PfEMP1 was confirmed at the protein level by immunoblot analysis. In addition, serological typing showed that immune sera more often recognized second and third generation parasites than first generation parasites. CONCLUSION...

O orçamento público brasileiro e a perspectiva emancipatória: existem evidências empíricas que sustentam esta aproximação?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Welles Matias de Abreu

2013-04-01

Full Text Available A finalidade do presente trabalho é analisar as características do processo orçamentário brasileiro diante da perspectiva do planejamento emancipatório. Para tanto, são utilizadas as teorias sobre formulação estratégica, orçamento público, planejamento emancipatório e desenvolvimentismo. A metodologia utilizada para o estudo do caso em questão é do tipo qualitativo descritivo, com características ontológicas construtivistas e epistemológicas interpretacionistas. Os dados são coletados por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, além da realização de entrevistas abertas. Os dados oriundos das entrevistas estão agrupados em categorias para análises de conteúdo e realização de triangulações com os dados provenientes das pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais. São apresentados os resultados das análises com relação às características do orçamento brasileiro, discriminando suas evidências e oportunidades, sob a perspectiva emancipatória. Assim, mesmo com a conclusão de que o orçamento público brasileiro não poderia ser considerado emancipatório, pode-se identificar a existência de diversas características emancipatórias, bem como várias oportunidades que podem ser desenvolvidas no orçamento brasileiro. Por fim, registra-se que esta pesquisa contribui com a produção de conhecimento na área da teoria do planejamento, uma vez que apresenta evidências empíricas da teoria do planejamento emancipatório no processo orçamentário brasileiro, sendo uma iniciativa pioneira no Brasil de estudo sobre emancipação orçamentária.

Inhibition of microparticle release triggers endothelial cell apoptosis and detachment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Abid Hussein, Mohammed N.; Böing, Anita N.; Sturk, Augueste; Hau, Chi M.; Nieuwland, Rienk

2007-01-01

Endothelial cell cultures contain caspase 3-containing microparticles (EMP), which are reported to form during or after cell detachment. We hypothesize that also adherent endothelial cells release EMP, thus protecting these cells from caspase 3 accumulation, detachment and apoptosis. Human umbilical

Electricopulse Method of Materials Disintegration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bekbolat R. Nussupbekov

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The article considers the possibility of wollastonite ore EMP disruption. The proposed EMP method is the most appropriate for commercial production, as it ensures intense wollastonite ore disruption and reduction. These results are of interest for scientific and practical

High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and High Power Microwave (HPM) Devices: Threat Assessments

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Wilson, Clay

2004-01-01

.... civilian computer systems to the effects of EMP has been discussed in the media. EMP can be produced on a large scale using a single nuclear explosion, and on a smaller, non-nuclear scale using a device with batteries or chemical explosives...

Pennisetum section Brevivalvula in West Africa : morphological and genetic variation in an agamic species complex

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schmelzer, G.H.

1998-01-01

Section Brevivalvula is one of five sections in the large tropical grass genus Pennisetum . It belongs to the tertiary genepool of <em>P. glaucum (L.) R. Br., pearl millet, and consists of six morphological species: <em>P.

Molecular architecture of a complex between an adhesion protein from the malaria parasite and intracellular adhesion molecule 1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brown, Alan; Turner, Louise; Christoffersen, Stig

2013-01-01

The adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to human tissues or endothelium is central to the pathology caused by the parasite during malaria. It contributes to the avoidance of parasite clearance by the spleen and to the specific pathologies of cerebral and placental malaria....... The PfEMP1 family of adhesive proteins is responsible for this sequestration by mediating interactions with diverse human ligands. In addition, as the primary targets of acquired, protective immunity, the PfEMP1s are potential vaccine candidates. PfEMP1s contain large extracellular ectodomains made from......, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). We show through small angle x-ray scattering that IT4VAR13 is rigid, elongated, and monomeric. We also show that it interacts with ICAM-1 through the DBLß domain alone, forming a 1:1 complex. These studies provide a first low resolution structural view of a PfEMP1...

Reducción de la demanda térmica originada en la vinificación en bodegas localizadas en zona de clima árido, mediante modelado térmico semi-empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alba Ramos Sanz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio de tres muestras de bodegas elaboradoras, de San Juan, Argentina, revela que la demanda energética (DE en la vinificación se vincula a los procesos térmicos que se desenvuelven en el interior de las envolventes de vinificación (EV. Estos procesos determinan la calidad del vino y se extienden desde la fermentación hasta la conservación del mismo, durante los cuales el producto requiere cierta rigurosidad térmica, a la que se refiere análogamente en este trabajo como confort del vino. Para determinar la incidencia del clima árido en las condiciones de confort del vino y en la consecuente DE en acondicionamiento térmico, se diseña una planilla de modelización semi-empírica. Mediante este instrumento se experimentan los procesos térmicos de fermentación y conservación del vino en períodos cálidos (fermentación y conservación y fríos (conservación. Los resultados de la modelización confirman que un incremento de la inercia térmica de las EV promueve la disminución de la carga térmica (QT, la cual repercute sobre la DE en la bodega.

Ethanol Extract of Mylabris phalerata Inhibits M2 Polarization Induced by Recombinant IL-4 and IL-13 in Murine Macrophages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hwan-Suck Chung

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Mylabris phalerata (MP is an insect used in oriental herbal treatments for tumor, tinea infections, and stroke. Recent studies have shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM have detrimental roles such as tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Although TAM has phenotypes and characteristics in common with M2-polarized macrophages, M1 macrophages have tumor suppression and immune stimulation effects. Medicines polarizing macrophages to M1 have been suggested to have anticancer effects via the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In this line, we screened oriental medicines to find M1 polarizing medicines in M2-polarized macrophages. Among approximately 400 types of oriental medicine, the ethanol extract of M. phalerata (EMP was the most proficient in increasing TNF-α secretion in M2-polarized macrophages and TAM. Although EMP enhanced the levels of an M1 cytokine (TNF-α and a marker (CD86, it significantly reduced the levels of an M2 marker (arginase-1 in M2-polarized macrophages. In addition, EMP-treated macrophages increased the levels of M1 markers (Inos and Tnf-α and reduced those of the enhanced M2 markers (Fizz-1, Ym-1, and arginase-1. EMP-treated macrophages significantly reduced Lewis lung carcinoma cell migration in a transwell migration assay and inhibited EL4-luc2 lymphoma proliferation. In our mechanism study, EMP was found to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation in M2-polarized macrophages. These results suggest that EMP is effective in treating TAM-mediated tumor progression and metastasis.

English-Medium Programmes at Austrian Business Faculties: A Status Quo Survey on National Trends and a Case Study on Programme Design and Delivery

Science.gov (United States)

Unterberger, Barbara

2012-01-01

Internationalisation processes have accelerated the implementation of English-medium programmes (EMPs) across European higher education institutions. The field of business and management studies has been particularly affected by this trend (Wachter & Maiworm 2008: 46) with numerous new EMPs introduced each year. This paper presents key…

Efficacy of enamel matrix protein applied to spontaneous periodontal disease in two dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Kikuchi, Masahiro; Okumura, Masahiro; Kadosawa, Tsuyoshi; Fujinaga, Toru

2003-09-01

Enamel matrix protein (EMP) was applied for regeneration of periodontal tissue in 2 dogs with spontaneous periodontal disease. Case 1 had bony resorption around the root and root apex of the maxillary fourth premolars. Case 2 had vertical resorption of bone between the mandibular first and second molars. A flap was formed in the buccal gingiva, and EMP was applied onto the surface of the exposed root. One or 4 months postoperatively, increased bone level and clinical attachment were recognized. EMP was therefore suggested to be effective to induce regeneration of periodontal tissues in the cases with periodontal disease.

Studies of microparticles in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Science.gov (United States)

Vikerfors, A; Mobarrez, F; Bremme, K; Holmström, M; Ågren, A; Eelde, A; Bruzelius, M; Antovic, A; Wallén, H; Svenungsson, E

2012-06-01

To study circulating platelet, monocyte and endothelial microparticles (PMPs, MMPs and EMPs) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in comparison with healthy controls. Fifty-two patients with APS and 52 healthy controls were investigated. MPs were measured on a flow cytometer (Beckman Gallios) and defined as particles sized APS patients versus controls (p APS patients. We observed a high number of EMPs expressing TF in APS patients. The numbers of MMPs and total EMPs were also higher as compared with healthy controls but in contrast to previous reports, the number of PMPs did not differ between groups.

Nasal septum extramedullary plasmacytoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belić Branislav

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Plasmacytomas are malignant tumors characterized by abnormal monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. They originate in either bone - solitary osseous plasmacytoma, or in soft tissue - extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP. EMP represents less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. Case report. We presented a case of EMP of the nasal septum in a 44-year-old male who had progressive difficulty in breathing through the nose and frequent heavy epistaxis on the right side. Nasal endoscopy showed dark red, soft, polypoid tumor in the last third of the right nasal cavity arising from the nasal septum. The biopsy showed that it was plasmacytoma. Bence Jones protein in the urine, serum electrophoresis, bone marrow biopsy, skeletal survey and other screening tests failed to detect multiple myeloma. This confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The mass was completely removed via an endoscopic approach, and then, 4 week later, radiotherapy was conducted with a radiation dose of 50 Gray. No recurrence was noted in a 3-year follow- up period. Conclusion. EMP of the nasal cavity, being rare and having long natural history, represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for any ear, nose and throat surgeon. Depending on the resectability of the lesion, a combined therapy is the accepted treatment.

The Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome in severe malaria reveals altered expression of genes involved in important processes including surface antigen–encoding var genes

Science.gov (United States)

Tonkin-Hill, Gerry Q.; Trianty, Leily; Noviyanti, Rintis; Nguyen, Hanh H. T.; Sebayang, Boni F.; Lampah, Daniel A.; Marfurt, Jutta; Cobbold, Simon A.; Rambhatla, Janavi S.; McConville, Malcolm J.; Rogerson, Stephen J.; Brown, Graham V.; Day, Karen P.; Price, Ric N.; Anstey, Nicholas M.

2018-01-01

Within the human host, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is exposed to multiple selection pressures. The host environment changes dramatically in severe malaria, but the extent to which the parasite responds to—or is selected by—this environment remains unclear. From previous studies, the parasites that cause severe malaria appear to increase expression of a restricted but poorly defined subset of the PfEMP1 variant, surface antigens. PfEMP1s are major targets of protective immunity. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to analyse gene expression in 44 parasite isolates that caused severe and uncomplicated malaria in Papuan patients. The transcriptomes of 19 parasite isolates associated with severe malaria indicated that these parasites had decreased glycolysis without activation of compensatory pathways; altered chromatin structure and probably transcriptional regulation through decreased histone methylation; reduced surface expression of PfEMP1; and down-regulated expression of multiple chaperone proteins. Our RNAseq also identified novel associations between disease severity and PfEMP1 transcripts, domains, and smaller sequence segments and also confirmed all previously reported associations between expressed PfEMP1 sequences and severe disease. These findings will inform efforts to identify vaccine targets for severe malaria and also indicate how parasites adapt to—or are selected by—the host environment in severe malaria. PMID:29529020

Radiological air monitoring and sample analysis research and development progress report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

Sponsored by a Department Of Energy (DOE) research and development grant, the State of Idaho INEL Oversight Program (OP) personnel designed an independent air monitoring system that provides detection of the presence of priority airborne contaminants potentially migrating beyond INEL boundaries. Initial locations for off-site ambient air monitoring stations were chosen in consultation with: DOE and NOAA reports; Mesodif modeling; review of the relevant literature; and communication with private contractors and experts in pertinent fields. Idaho State University (ISU) has initiated an Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP). The EMP provides an independent monitoring function as well as a training ground for students. Students learn research techniques dedicated to environmental studies and learn analytical skills and rules of compliance related to monitoring. ISU-EMP assisted OP in specific aspects of identifying optimum permanent monitoring station locations, and in selecting appropriate sample collection equipment for each station. The authorization to establish, prepare and install sampling devices on selected sites was obtained by OP personnel in conjunction with ISU-EMP personnel. All samples described in this program are collected by OP or ISU-EMP personnel and returned to the ISU for analysis. This report represents the summary of results of those samples collected and analyzed for radioactivity during the year of 1992

77 FR 2928 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-20

... pressure hose and electrical wiring of the green electrical motor pump (EMP). This proposed AD would... for correct condition and installation of hydraulic pressure hoses, electrical conduits, feeder cables... detect and correct chafing of hydraulic pressure hoses and electrical wiring of the green EMPs, which in...

Ecological Monitoring Program at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Second semiannual report, January 1985--June 1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, N.T.

1985-12-01

This is the second semiannual report of the Ecological Monitoring Program (EMP) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) project in southeastern New Mexico. The purpose of the EMP is to quantify and assess the impacts of WIPP construction activities on the surrounding ecosystem. The predicted impacts include: (1) alteration of natural habitat, (2) deposition of salt and dust, and (3) increased human activity and noise. This report describes the data collection activities and presents results, analyses, and discussions for the period of January through June, 1985. Also included are data collected prior to this period which were not available for inclusion in the first EMP semiannual report and data collected after this period which provide a more complete basis for the analyses and discussion. The eight subprograms currently active in the EMP are: environmental photography, soil chemistry, soil microbiology, vegetation, wildlife, meteorology, air quality, and water quality. 16 refs., 37 figs., 17 tabs

Time-domain modeling for shielding effectiveness of materials against electromagnetic pulse based on system identification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Xiang; Chen, Yong Guang; Wei, Ming; Hu, Xiao Feng

2013-01-01

Shielding effectiveness (SE) of materials against electromagnetic pulse (EMP) cannot be well estimated by traditional test method of SE of materials which only consider the amplitude-frequency characteristic of materials, but ignore the phase-frequency ones. In order to solve this problem, the model of SE of materials against EMP was established based on system identification (SI) method with time-domain linear cosine frequency sweep signal. The feasibility of the method in this paper was examined depending on infinite planar material and the simulation research of coaxial test method and windowed semi-anechoic box of materials. The results show that the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency information of each frequency can be fully extracted with this method. SE of materials against strong EMP can be evaluated with time-domain low field strength (voltage) of cosine frequency sweep signal. And SE of materials against a variety EMP will be predicted by the model.

O imigrante e seus irmãos: as pesquisas empíricas de Florestan Fernandes e Gino Germani The immigrant and his brothers: the empirical researches of Florestan Fernandes and Gino Germani

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Brasil Jr.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available No trabalho, destaco, em perspectiva comparada, algumas formulações de Florestan Fernandes e de Gino Germani, protagonistas da renovação da sociologia nas universidades de São Paulo e de Buenos Aires, respectivamente. Através de pesquisas empíricas, os dois procuraram investigar em que sentido a modernização afetava diferencialmente os grupos sociais, repondo padrões seculares de desigualdade. Fernandes e Germani viram, ainda, no "imigrante de ultramar", o portador por excelência das mudanças em curso, porquanto teria logrado se inserir, tanto em São Paulo quanto em Buenos Aires, nas posições mais dinâmicas da ordem capitalista em expansão, apesar de seu baixo impacto na democratização do sistema de dominação nos dois contextos.In the paper, I compare some arguments about the social change developed by Florestan Fernandes and Gino Germani, protagonists of the renewal of sociology at the universities of Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires, respectively. Through empirical research, both sought to investigate how the modernization process differentially affected social groups, restoring durable patterns of inequality. Fernandes and Germani considered, moreover, the "immigrant" the main agent of the social changes underway, due to his successful insertion, in Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires, in the most dynamic positions of the capitalist order in expansion, despite his low impact on the democratization of the system of domination in both contexts.

77 FR 24833 - Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-26

... the hydraulic high pressure hose and electrical wiring of the green electrical motor pump (EMP). This... panel; doing a one-time general visual inspection for correct condition and installation of hydraulic... electrical wiring of the green EMPs, which in combination with a system failure, could cause an uncontrolled...

Evaluation of empirical methods to estimate reference evapotranspiration in Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil Avaliação de métodos empíricos na estimativa devapotranspiração de referência para Uberaba - MG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovani L. de Melo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Evapotranspiration is the process of water loss of vegetated soil due to evaporation and transpiration, and it may be estimated by various empirical methods. This study had the objective to carry out the evaluation of the performance of the following methods: Blaney-Criddle, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Solar Radiation, Hargreaves-Samani, Makkink, Thornthwaite, Camargo, Priestley-Taylor and Original Penman in the estimation of the potential evapotranspiration when compared to the Penman-Monteith standard method (FAO56 to the climatic conditions of Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A set of 21 years monthly data (1990 to 2010 was used, working with the climatic elements: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and insolation. The empirical methods to estimate reference evapotranspiration were compared with the standard method using linear regression, simple statistical analysis, Willmott agreement index (d and performance index (c. The methods Makkink and Camargo showed the best performance, with "c" values ​​of 0.75 and 0.66, respectively. The Hargreaves-Samani method presented a better linear relation with the standard method, with a correlation coefficient (r of 0.88.A evapotranspiração é o processo de perda de água do solo vegetado devido à evaporação e à transpiração, podendo ser estimada por vários métodos empíricos. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, realizar a avaliação do desempenho dos métodos de Blaney-Criddle, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Radiação Solar, Hargreaves-Samani, Makkink, Thornthwaite, Camargo, Priestley-Taylor e Penman Original na estimativa da evapotranspiração potencial em comparação com o método-padrão Penman-Monteith (FAO56, para as condições climáticas do município de Uberaba-MG. Utilizou-se um conjunto de dados mensais de 21 anos (1990 a 2010, trabalhando-se com os elementos climáticos temperatura, umidade relativa, velocidade do vento e insolação. Os métodos empíricos para a

Lung-Derived Microscaffolds Facilitate Diabetes Reversal after Mouse and Human Intraperitoneal Islet Transplantation.

Science.gov (United States)

Abualhassan, Nasser; Sapozhnikov, Lena; Pawlick, Rena L; Kahana, Meygal; Pepper, Andrew R; Bruni, Antonio; Gala-Lopez, Boris; Kin, Tatsuya; Mitrani, Eduardo; Shapiro, A M James

2016-01-01

There is a need to develop three-dimensional structures that mimic the natural islet tissue microenvironment. Endocrine micro-pancreata (EMPs) made up of acellular organ-derived micro-scaffolds seeded with human islets have been shown to express high levels of key beta-cell specific genes and secrete quantities of insulin per cell similar to freshly isolated human islets in a glucose-regulated manner for more than three months in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of EMPs to restore euglycemia in vivo after transplantation of mouse or human islets in chemically diabetic mice. We proposed that the organ-derived EMPs would restore the extracellular components of the islet microenvironment, generating favorable conditions for islet function and survival. EMPs seeded with 500 mouse islets were implanted intraperitoneally into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and reverted diabetes in 67% of mice compared to 13% of controls (p = 0.018, n = 9 per group). Histological analysis of the explanted grafts 60 days post-transplantation stained positive for insulin and exhibited increased vascular density in a collagen-rich background. EMPs were also seeded with human islets and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of immune-deficient diabetic mice at 250 islet equivalents (IEQ), 500 IEQ and 1000 IEQ. Escalating islet dose increased rates of normoglycemia (50% of the 500 IEQ group and 75% of the 1000 IEQ group, n = 3 per group). Human c-peptide levels were detected 90 days post-transplantation in a dose-response relationship. Herein, we report reversal of diabetes in mice by intraperitoneal transplantation of human islet seeded on EMPs with a human islet dose as low as 500 IEQ.

Experimental fast reactor JOYO MK-III functional test. Primary auxiliary cooling system test

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karube, Koji; Akagi, Shinji; Terano, Toshihiro; Onuki, Osamu; Ito, Hideaki; Aoki, Hiroshi; Odo, Toshihiro

2004-03-01

This paper describes the results of primary auxiliary cooling system, which were done as a part of JOYO MK-III function test. The aim of the tests was to confirm the operational performance of primary auxiliary EMP and the protection system including siphon breaker of primary auxiliary cooling system. The items of the tests were: (Test No.): (Test item). 1) SKS-117: EMP start up test. 2) SKS-118-1: EMP start up test when pony motor running. 3) SKS-121: Function test of siphon breaker. The results of the tests satisfied the required performance, and demonstrated successful operation of primary auxiliary cooling system. (author)

Kinetics of B Cell responses to Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in Ghanaian women naturally exposed to malaria parasites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ampomah, Paulina; Stevenson, Liz; Ofori, Michael F

2014-01-01

. In this first, to our knowledge, longitudinal study of its kind, we measured B cell subset composition, as well as PfEMP1-specific Ab levels and memory B cell frequencies, in Ghanaian women followed from early pregnancy up to 1 y after delivery. Cell phenotypes and Ag-specific B cell function were assessed...... three times during and after pregnancy. Levels of IgG specific for pregnancy-restricted, VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1 increased markedly during pregnancy and declined after delivery, whereas IgG levels specific for two PfEMP1 proteins not restricted to pregnancy did not. Changes in VAR2CSA-specific memory B cell...

Los Alamos National Laboratory emergency management plan. Revision 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramsey, G.F.

1998-07-15

The Laboratory has developed this Emergency Management Plan (EMP) to assist in emergency planning, preparedness, and response to anticipated and actual emergencies. The Plan establishes guidance for ensuring safe Laboratory operation, protection of the environment, and safeguarding Department of Energy (DOE) property. Detailed information and specific instructions required by emergency response personnel to implement the EMP are contained in the Emergency Management Plan Implementing Procedure (EMPIP) document, which consists of individual EMPIPs. The EMP and EMPIPs may be used to assist in resolving emergencies including but not limited to fires, high-energy accidents, hazardous material releases (radioactive and nonradioactive), security incidents, transportation accidents, electrical accidents, and natural disasters.

Calculos de potenciais de ionização de algumas bases e aza-analogas utilizando o metodo semi-empirico HAM/3

OpenAIRE

Jose Jair Vianna Cirino

1994-01-01

Resumo: Inicialmente procedeu-se a otimização de geometrias das bases purinas guanina, 8-azaguanjna, xantina, 8-azaxantina e hipoxantina com o uso dos métodos semi-empíricos MNDO, AMI e MNDO-PM3. Nesta etapa também fez-se uso de métodos ab initio utilizando o conjunto de base cep-31G. Os potenciais de ionização dos elétrons do caroço das bases purinas foram calculados posteriormente por meio do método semi-empírico HAM/3 empregando as geometrias otimizadas pelos métodos semi-empíricos na etap...

QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF RUMEN MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN STEERS FED GREEN TROPICAL GRASS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARTHEN L. MULLIK

2012-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The rate of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP supply to the intestines is a crucial element in the current rumen models to predict respond of ruminants to a certain diet. Data from tropical pastures always below predicted results from the existing rumen models. Thus, quantification of the rumen MCP supply from tropical grass will improve predictive rate under tropical feeding conditions. Four Brahman crossbred steers (457±20.1 kg were used in a metabolism study. Pangola grass (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal was harvested every morning and fed to the animals soon after. Parameters measured were EMPS, intake, fractional passage rates, and rumen ammonia concentration. The EMPS was estimated using purine derivative excretion in urine. Crude protein and water soluble carbohydrates content were 6.3 and 7.4% of dry matter (DM respectively. DM intake was 1.6% live weight. Average rumen ammonia concentration was 69 mg/L whilst rumen passage rates were 7.84 and 6.92 %/h for fluid and solids respectively. EMPS was only 72 g MCP/kg digestible organic matter. It might be concluded that EMPS in steers consuming green pangola grass was below the minimum level for forage diets adopted in the current feeding standards. ABSTRAK Tingkat pasokan protein mikroba rumen (MCP ke usus halus merupakan salah satu unsur kunci dalam meramal respon pertumbuhan ruminan terhadap ransum tertentu. Data MCP hijauan tropis selalu berada di bawah nilai prediksi model rumen yang dipakai saat ini. Dengan demikian, kuantifikasi pasokan MCP rumput tropis diharapkan menjadi masukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan prediksi model rumen untuk pakan daerah tropis. Empat sapi jantan muda Brahman persilangan (457±20,1 kg digunakan dalam sebuah penelitian metabolisme. Rumput pangola (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal dipanen setiap pagi dan langsung diberikan kepada ternak dalam kandang metabolis. Parameter yang diukur adalah produksi MCP dan efisiensi sintesis MCP (Emps, konsumsi, laju

MicroRNAs Clustered within the 14q32 Locus Are Associated with Endothelial Damage and Microparticle Secretion in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neus Martínez-Micaelo

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background: We previously described that PECAM+ circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs are elevated in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV disease as a manifestation of endothelial damage. In this study, we hypothesized that this endothelial damage, is functionally related to the secretion of a specific pattern of EMP-associated miRNAs.Methods: We used a bioinformatics approach to correlate the PECAM+ EMP levels with the miRNA expression profile in plasma in healthy individuals and BAV patients (n = 36. In addition, using the miRNAs that were significantly associated with PECAM+ EMP levels, we inferred a miRNA co-expression network using a Gaussian graphical modeling approach to identify highly co-expressed miRNAs or miRNA clusters whose expression could functionally regulate endothelial damage.Results: We identified a co-expression network composed of 131 miRNAs whose circulating expression was significantly associated with PECAM+ EMP levels. Using a topological analysis, we found that miR-494 was the most important hub within the co-expression network. Furthermore, through positional gene enrichment analysis, we identified a cluster of 19 highly co-expressed miRNAs, including miR-494, that was located in the 14q32 locus on chromosome 14 (p = 1.9 × 10−7. We evaluated the putative biological role of this miRNA cluster by determining the biological significance of the genes targeted by the cluster using functional enrichment analysis. We found that this cluster was involved in the regulation of genes with various functions, specifically the “cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process” (p = 2.34 × 10−145, “immune system process” (p = 2.57 × 10−6, and “extracellular matrix organization” (p = 8.14 × 10−5 gene ontology terms and the “TGF-β signaling pathway” KEGG term (p = 2.59 × 10−8.Conclusions: Using an integrative bioinformatics approach, we identified the circulating miRNA expression profile associated with

MicroRNAs Clustered within the 14q32 Locus Are Associated with Endothelial Damage and Microparticle Secretion in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez-Micaelo, Neus; Beltrán-Debón, Raúl; Aragonés, Gerard; Faiges, Marta; Alegret, Josep M.

2017-01-01

Background: We previously described that PECAM+ circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are elevated in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease as a manifestation of endothelial damage. In this study, we hypothesized that this endothelial damage, is functionally related to the secretion of a specific pattern of EMP-associated miRNAs. Methods: We used a bioinformatics approach to correlate the PECAM+ EMP levels with the miRNA expression profile in plasma in healthy individuals and BAV patients (n = 36). In addition, using the miRNAs that were significantly associated with PECAM+ EMP levels, we inferred a miRNA co-expression network using a Gaussian graphical modeling approach to identify highly co-expressed miRNAs or miRNA clusters whose expression could functionally regulate endothelial damage. Results: We identified a co-expression network composed of 131 miRNAs whose circulating expression was significantly associated with PECAM+ EMP levels. Using a topological analysis, we found that miR-494 was the most important hub within the co-expression network. Furthermore, through positional gene enrichment analysis, we identified a cluster of 19 highly co-expressed miRNAs, including miR-494, that was located in the 14q32 locus on chromosome 14 (p = 1.9 × 10−7). We evaluated the putative biological role of this miRNA cluster by determining the biological significance of the genes targeted by the cluster using functional enrichment analysis. We found that this cluster was involved in the regulation of genes with various functions, specifically the “cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process” (p = 2.34 × 10−145), “immune system process” (p = 2.57 × 10−6), and “extracellular matrix organization” (p = 8.14 × 10−5) gene ontology terms and the “TGF-β signaling pathway” KEGG term (p = 2.59 × 10−8). Conclusions: Using an integrative bioinformatics approach, we identified the circulating miRNA expression profile associated with secreted PECAM

Investigating the function of F_c -specific binding of IgM to Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 mediating erythrocyte rosetting

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stevenson, Liz; Huda, Pie; Jeppesen, Anine

2015-01-01

of opsonized infected erythrocytes (IEs) without compromising the placental IE adhesion mediated by this PfEMP1 type. IgM also binds via Fc to several other PfEMP1 proteins, where it has been proposed to facilitate rosetting (binding of uninfected erythrocytes to a central IE). To further dissect...

La equivalencia en la traducción de las unidades fraseológicas. Un estudio empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Germán Darío Mira Álvarez

2011-04-01

porque, con los procedimientos empleados, no siempre es posible conservar de manera simultánea sus componentes pragmalingüísticos y socioculturales, presentándose una pérdida significativa del sentido. Debido a esa complejidad, algunas estrategias y procedimientos de traducción de UF no deben tomarse apriorísticamente como los más o los menos apropiados, y sólo deben evaluarse en el contexto particular en el que se usan. Los resultados de este estudio empírico pueden considerarse como un método para evaluar la traducción de UF.

Mercados futuro e à vista de açúcar: uma análise empírica de eficiência versus arbitragem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roseli da Silva

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho testa a hipótese de eficiência relativa dos mercados futuro e à vista (spot de açúcar, para dois horizontes de previsão, em contraposição à hipótese de arbitragem de commodities. Utiliza-se o modelo de não-arbitragem de Brenner e Kroner (1995 e aplica-se a metodologia de testes comparativos proposta por Kellard (2002, que usa a cointegração multivariada com restrição sobre o espaço de cointegração. A base de dados é formada a partir dos futuros do contrato número 11 negociado na Nybot (New York Board of Trade, dos preços no mercado à vista coletados pelo Cepea (Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada e da taxa de juros doméstica, todas em bases diárias (mai/97 a dez/07. A correspondência da amostra é construída de acordo com os vencimentos dos contratos, considerando-se dois períodos de previsão: 28 e 56 dias. Em linhas gerais, as evidências empíricas encontradas suportam a adequação da metodologia de cointegração para análise de eficiência relativa nos mercados de açúcar, em contraposição à hipótese de arbitragem. Além disso, geram evidências fracas de ineficiência, resultados sujeitos à hipótese de estacionariedade do custo de carregamento, exceto pelo componente taxa de juros.This study tests the relative efficiency hypothesis of future and spot sugar markets for two forecast horizons, as opposed to commodity arbitrage. It was used a no-arbitrage model of Brenner and Kroner (1995 and applied the methodology of comparative tests proposed by Kellard (2002, using multivariate cointegration methodology with restrictions on the cointegrated space. The database is formed by future prices of the number 11 contract traded on the Nybot (New York Board of Trade, domestic spot prices collected by Cepea (Center for Advanced Studies in Applied Economics and the domestic interest rate, all on daily basis (May/97 to Dec/07. The matching sample is constructed by the futures contract

Effects of electromagnetic radiation on morphology and TGF-β3 expression in mouse testicular tissue.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Yaning; Wang, Xiaowu; Chen, Yongbin; Xu, Shenglong; Ding, Guirong; Shi, Changhong

2013-08-09

Exposure to electromagnetic pulses in certain doses may lead to increase in the permeability of the blood testes barrier (BTB) in mice, which in turn affects spermatogenesis, penetration and spermiation. TGF-β3 is a key molecule involved in BTB permeability via regulation of tight junction proteins, and it participates in regulating spermatogenesis, synthesis of steroids and production of the extracellular matrix in testicular tissue. Therefore, it is hypothesized that TGF-β3 plays important roles in electromagnetic pulse (EMP)-induced changes in BTB permeability. In the present study, we carried out whole-body irradiation on mice using EMP of different intensities. No obvious pathological changes or significant increase in apoptosis was detected in testicular tissues after exposure to 100 and 200 pulses of intensity 200kV/m; however, with 400 pulses we observed the degeneration and shrinkage of testicular tissues along with a significant increase in apoptotic rate. Moreover, in the 100- and 200-EMP groups, a non-significant increase in TGF-β3 mRNA and protein expression was observed, whereas in the 400-EMP group a significant increase was observed (P<0.05). These results indicate that increase in the apoptotic rate of testicular tissues and increase in TGF-β3 expression may be one of the mechanisms for EMP-induced increase in BTB permeability in mice. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Changes in Ca(2+)concentration and caspase-3 expression and their relationship in Raji cells exposed to electromagnetic radiation].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Wei; Liu, Huan-xin; Wang, De-wen; Zuo, Hong-yan; Peng, Rui-yun

2013-02-01

To study the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP), S-band high power microwave (S-HPM), and X-band high power microwave (X-HPM) on the Ca(2+) concentration and caspase-3 expression in Raji cells and the relationship between Ca(2+) concentration and caspase-3 expression, and to investigate the regulatory mechanism of electromagnetic radiation damage. Raji cells were cultured conventionally. Some cells were irradiated by EMP, S-HPM, and X-HPM in the logarithmic growth phase for 6 hours and then collected; others received sham irradiation as a control. The Ca(2+) concentration in the cells was measured by laser scanning confocal microscope; the caspase-3 expression in the cells was evaluated by Western blot. Compared with the control group (Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity = 43.08 ± 2.08; caspase-3 expression level = 0.444 ± 0.13), the EMP,S-HPM, and X-HPM groups had significantly increased Ca(2+) concentrations, with Ca(2+) fluorescence intensities of 69.56 ± 1.71, 50.06 ± 1.89, and 70.68 ± 1.59, respectively (P < 0.01), and had upregulated caspase-3 expression, with expression levels of 0.964 ± 0.12, 0.586 ± 0.16, and 0.970 ± 0.07, respectively (P < 0.01). Each of the EMP and X-HPM groups had significantly higher Ca(2+) fluorescence intensity and caspase-3 expression level than the S-HPM group (P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between the EMP and X-HPM groups. The linear regression analysis showed that the caspase-3 expression was upregulated as the Ca(2+) concentration increased, with a positive correlation between them (P < 0.01). EMP, S-HPM, and X-HPM cause damage probably by increasing the Ca(2+) concentration in cells and in turn inducing caspase-3 overexpression.

Radiotherapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Jyothirmayi, R; Gangadharan, V P; Nair, M K; Rajan, B

1997-05-01

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) are rare. High local control rates are reported with radiotherapy, although the optimal dose and extent of radiotherapy portals remains controversial. Between 1983 and 1993, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytoma were seen at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India. 23 patients had SPB and seven EMP. The mean age was 52 years and the male to female ratio 3.2:1. Diagnosis of SPB was confirmed by biopsy in 16 patients and tumour excision in seven. 20 patients received megavoltage radiotherapy to the bone lesion with limited margins, and one received chemotherapy. Two patients who underwent complete tumour excision received no further treatment. All seven patients with EMP received megavoltage radiotherapy, four following biopsy and three after tumour excision. Local control was achieved in all patients with SPB. Nine progressed to multiple myeloma and one developed a solitary plasmacytoma in another bone. Six patients with EMP achieved local control. Three later progressed to multiple myeloma and one had local relapse. Median time to relapse was 28 months in SPB and 30 months in EMP. 5-year overall survival rates were 82% and 57% for patients with SPB and EMP, respectively. The corresponding progression free survival rates were 55% and 50%, respectively. Age, sex, site of tumour, serum M protein and haemoglobin levels did not significantly influence progression free survival. The extent of surgery, radiotherapy dose or time to relapse were not significant prognostic factors. Radiotherapy appears to be an effective modality of treatment of solitary plasmacytoma. No dose-response relationship is observed, and high local control rates are achieved with limited portals. Progression to multiple myeloma is the commonest pattern of failure, although no prognostic factors for progression are identified. The role of chemotherapy in preventing disease progression needs further evaluation.

Differential Impact of Acute High-Intensity Exercise on Circulating Endothelial Microparticles and Insulin Resistance between Overweight/Obese Males and Females

Science.gov (United States)

Durrer, Cody; Robinson, Emily; Wan, Zhongxiao; Martinez, Nic; Hummel, Michelle L.; Jenkins, Nathan T.; Kilpatrick, Marcus W.; Little, Jonathan P.

2015-01-01

Background An acute bout of exercise can improve endothelial function and insulin sensitivity when measured on the day following exercise. Our aim was to compare acute high-intensity continuous exercise (HICE) to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese men and women. Methods Inactive males (BMI = 30 ± 3, 25 ± 6 yr, n = 6) and females (BMI = 28 ± 2, 21 ± 3 yr, n = 7) participated in three experimental trials in a randomized counterbalanced crossover design: 1) No exercise control (Control); 2) HICE (20 min cycling @ just above ventilatory threshold); 3) HIIE (10 X 1-min @ ∼90% peak aerobic power). Exercise conditions were matched for external work and diet was controlled post-exercise. Fasting blood samples were obtained ∼18 hr after each condition. CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42b- EMPs were assessed by flow cytometry and insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results There was a significant sex X exercise interaction for CD62E+ EMPs, CD31+/CD42b- EMPs, and HOMA-IR (all Pexercise type. There was a significant increase in HOMA-IR in males but a decrease in females following HIIE compared to Control (Pobese males and females appear to respond differently to acute bouts of high-intensity exercise. A single session of HICE and HIIE reduced circulating EMPs measured on the morning following exercise in males but in females CD62E+ EMPs were increased following HICE. Next day HOMA-IR paradoxically increased in males but was reduced in females following HIIE. Future research is needed to investigate mechanisms responsible for potential differential responses between males and females. PMID:25710559

Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Cargo Receptors for Improving Secretion of Carrier-Fused Heterologous Proteins in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae

Science.gov (United States)

Hoang, Huy-Dung; Maruyama, Jun-ichi

2014-01-01

Filamentous fungi are excellent hosts for industrial protein production due to their superior secretory capacity; however, the yield of heterologous eukaryotic proteins is generally lower than that of fungal or endogenous proteins. Although activating protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) improves the yield, the importance of intracellular transport machinery for heterologous protein secretion is poorly understood. Here, using Aspergillus oryzae as a model filamentous fungus, we studied the involvement of two putative lectin-like cargo receptors, A. oryzae Vip36 (AoVip36) and AoEmp47, in the secretion of heterologous proteins expressed in fusion with the endogenous enzyme α-amylase as the carrier. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that mDsRed-tagged AoVip36 localized in the Golgi compartment, whereas AoEmp47 showed localization in both the ER and the Golgi compartment. Deletion of AoVip36 and AoEmp47 improved heterologous protein secretion, but only AoVip36 deletion had a negative effect on the secretion of α-amylase. Analysis of ER-enriched cell fractions revealed that AoVip36 and AoEmp47 were involved in the retention of heterologous proteins in the ER. However, the overexpression of each cargo receptor had a different effect on heterologous protein secretion: AoVip36 enhanced the secretion, whereas AoEmp47 promoted the intracellular retention. Taken together, our data suggest that AoVip36 and AoEmp47 hinder the secretion of heterologous proteins by promoting their retention in the ER but that AoVip36 also promotes the secretion of heterologous proteins. Moreover, we found that genetic deletion of these putative ER-Golgi cargo receptors significantly improves heterologous protein production. The present study is the first to propose that ER-Golgi transport is a bottleneck for heterologous protein production in filamentous fungi. PMID:25362068

Adaptive Digital Predistortion Schemes to Linearize RF Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

ZHANG Peng; WU Si-liang; ZHANG Qin

2008-01-01

To compensate for nonlinear distortion introduced by RF power amplifiers (PAs) with memory effects, two correlated models, namely an extended memory polynomial (EMP) model and a memory lookup table (LUT) model, are proposed for predistorter design. Two adaptive digital predistortion (ADPD) schemes with indirect learning architecture are presented. One adopts the EMP model and the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm, and the other utilizes the memory LUT model and the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the EMP-based ADPD yields the best linearization performance in terms of suppressing spectral regrowth. It is also shown that the ADPD based on memory LUT makes optimum tradeoff between performance and computational complexity.

Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis of three ethnic groups in the Republic of Macedonia

Science.gov (United States)

Jankova-Ajanovska, Renata; Zimmermann, Bettina; Huber, Gabriela; Röck, Alexander W.; Bodner, Martin; Jakovski, Zlatko; Janeska, Biljana; Duma, Aleksej; Parson, Walther

2014-01-01

A total of 444 individuals representing three ethnic groups (Albanians, Turks and Romanies) in the Republic of Macedonia were sequenced in the mitochondrial control region. The mtDNA haplogroup composition differed between the three groups. Our results showed relatively high frequencies of haplogroup H12 in Albanians (8.8%) and less in Turks (3.3%), while haplogroups M5a1 and H7a1a were dominant in Romanies (13.7% and 10.3%, respectively) but rare in the former two. This highlights the importance of regional sampling for forensic mtDNA databasing purposes. These population data will be available on EMPOP under accession numbers EMP00644 (Albanians), EMP00645 (Romanies) and EMP00646 (Turks). PMID:25051224

Modelo Empírico, Descriptivo y Predictivo Para el Compromiso de Identidad en el Chat en Adolescentes Escolares Chilenos Empirical, Descriptive and Predictive Model for Identity Involvement in Chat use by Chilean School Adolescents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Paz Altuzarra

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Se desarrolla un modelo empírico, descriptivo y predictivo de regresión múltiple de las relaciones entre compromiso de identidad en el Chat y salud mental, sexo, curso y tipo de Chat en una muestra de 385 alumnos de ambos sexos, de I, II, III y IV Medio de tres colegios de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre uso de Internet, Escala de Compromiso de Identidad en el Chat y Cuestionario de Salud Mental en la Edad Juvenil. Se encontró que tanto la salud mental como el tipo de Chat predecían el compromiso de la identidad en el Chat. Se observó un mayor compromiso entre jóvenes mujeres de I y II Medio y que empleaban Chat abierto o mixto.An empirical descriptive and predictive model of multiple regression on the relationships between identity involvement in the Chat and mental health, sex, grade and modality of Chat in a sample of 385 male and female high school students, from Santiago de Chile, is presented. The instruments used were: a questionnaire about Internet usage, an Identity Compromise Scale in the Chat and a Youth Mental Health Scale. Results indicate that both, mental health and type of Chat, predicted compromise of identity in the Chat. It was observed a greater compromise among female teenagers from 9th and 10th grade who used open and mixed Chat.

Leptin Production by Encapsulated Adipocytes Increases Brown Fat, Decreases Resistin, and Improves Glucose Intolerance in Obese Mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David J DiSilvestro

Full Text Available The neuroendocrine effects of leptin on metabolism hold promise to be translated into a complementary therapy to traditional insulin therapy for diabetes and obesity. However, injections of leptin can provoke inflammation. We tested the effects of leptin, produced in the physiological adipocyte location, on metabolism in mouse models of genetic and dietary obesity. We generated 3T3-L1 adipocytes constitutively secreting leptin and encapsulated them in a poly-L-lysine membrane, which protects the cells from immune rejection. Ob/ob mice (OB were injected with capsules containing no cells (empty, OB[Emp], adipocytes (OB[3T3], or adipocytes overexpressing leptin (OB[Lep] into both visceral fat depots. Leptin was found in the plasma of OB[Lep], but not OB[Emp] and OB[3T3] mice at the end of treatment (72 days. The OB[Lep] and OB[3T3] mice have transiently suppressed appetite and weight loss compared to OB[Emp]. Only OB[Lep] mice have greater brown fat mass, metabolic rate, and reduced resistin plasma levels compared to OB[Emp]. Glucose tolerance was markedly better in OB[Lep] vs. OB[Emp] and OB[3T3] mice as well as in wild type mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance treated with encapsulated leptin-producing adipocytes. Our proof-of-principle study provides evidence of long-term improvement of glucose tolerance with encapsulated adipocytes producing leptin.

Epithelial membrane protein-1 is a biomarker of gefitinib resistance.

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, Anjali; Tindell, Charles A; Laux, Isett; Hunter, Jacob B; Curran, John; Galkin, Anna; Afar, Daniel E; Aronson, Nina; Shak, Steven; Natale, Ronald B; Agus, David B

2005-08-16

We describe a molecular resistance biomarker to gefitinib, epithelial membrane protein-1 (EMP-1). Gefitinib is a small-molecule inhibitor that competes for the ATP-binding site on EGF receptor (EGFR) and has been approved for patients with advanced lung cancers. Treatment with gefitinib has resulted in clinical benefit in patients, and, recently, heterozygous somatic mutations within the EGFR catalytic domain have been identified as a clinical correlate to objective response to gefitinib. However, clinical resistance to gefitinib limits the utility of this therapeutic to a fraction of patients, and objective clinical responses are rare. We aimed to assess the molecular phenotype and mechanism of in vivo gefitinib resistance in xenograft models and in patient samples. We generated in vivo gefitinib-resistance models in an adenocarcinoma xenograft model by serially passaging tumors in nude mice in presence of gefitinib until resistance was acquired. EMP-1 was identified as a surface biomarker whose expression correlated with acquisition of gefitinib resistance. EMP-1 expression was further correlated with lack of complete or partial response to gefitinib in lung cancer patient samples as well as clinical progression to secondary gefitinib resistance. EMP-1 expression and acquisition of gefitinib clinical resistance was independent of gefitinib-sensitizing EGFR somatic mutations. This report suggests the role of the adhesion molecule, EMP-1, as a biomarker of gefitinib clinical resistance, and further suggests a probable cross-talk between this molecule and the EGFR signaling pathway.

Distribution and phylogenies of enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway from archaea and hyperthermophilic bacteria support a gluconeogenic origin of metabolism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ron S. Ronimus

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Enzymes of the gluconeogenic/glycolytic pathway (the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP pathway, the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway are widely distributed and are often considered to be central to the origins of metabolism. In particular, several enzymes of the lower portion of the EMP pathway (the so-called trunk pathway, including triosephosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; EC 1.2.1.12/13, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK; EC 2.7.2.3 and enolase (EC 4.2.1.11, are extremely well conserved and universally distributed among the three domains of life. In this paper, the distribution of enzymes of gluconeogenesis/glycolysis in hyperthermophiles—microorganisms that many believe represent the least evolved organisms on the planet—is reviewed. In addition, the phylogenies of the trunk pathway enzymes (TPIs, GAPDHs, PGKs and enolases are examined. The enzymes catalyzing each of the six-carbon transformations in the upper portion of the EMP pathway, with the possible exception of aldolase, are all derived from multiple gene sequence families. In contrast, single sequence families can account for the archaeal and hyperthermophilic bacterial enzyme activities of the lower portion of the EMP pathway. The universal distribution of the trunk pathway enzymes, in combination with their phylogenies, supports the notion that the EMP pathway evolved in the direction of gluconeogenesis, i.e., from the bottom up.

La Estrategia Marca País en la sociedad informacional: los casos de España y Ecuador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Iglesias Onofrio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar a la Estrategia Marca País (EMP como un instrumento de creciente importancia en el diseño y ejecución de la política económica y exterior de un Estado, y mostrar a través de su estudio la influencia que los medios de comunicación y la opinión pública mundiales están adquiriendo para los cálculos estratégicos de las principales potencias. Se define la EMP como el uso de características típicas de la vida nacional como medio de influir en la imagen y percepción del país en la sociedad civil, la opinión pública y los medios de comunicación extranjeros, incrementando el prestigio internacional del Estado y mejorando su posición política y su competitividad económica en el sistema mundial. Diremos que una EMP tiene como objetivo crear y transmitir una Imagen País (activo intangible, que se acompaña con una Marca País (logotipo, slogan y lema, que engloba a las sub-marcas nacionales. Para ello se han estudiado de manera comparativa las experiencias de dos países, España y Ecuador, en cuanto a la formulación de una EMP.______________________ABSTRACT:The objective of this work is to present the National Brand Strategy (EMP, Estrategia Marca País as an instrument of growing importance in the design and execution of economic and foreign policy of the State and to study it in order to show the influence that of the world media and public opinion have on the strategic calculations of the main powers. The EMP is said to use the typical characteristics of a national lifestyle as a means of influencing the image and perception of a country in the eyes of foreign civil societies, public opinion and media, increasing the international prestige of the State and improving its political standing and economic competitiveness within the global system. it can be said that the aim of an EMP is to create and transmit a Country Image (intangible asset, accompanied by a Country Brand (logo and slogans

Motivações determinantes para a recompra de ações: um estudo empírico no mercado de ações brasileiro no período de 1995 a 2008.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandro de Freitas Nascimento

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as motivações determinantes para a recompra de ações no mercado de ações brasileiro, no período de 1995 a 2008. As variáveis explicativas, utilizadas nos testes estatísticos, foram fundamentadas em estudos anteriores (DURAND, 1952; JENSEN; MECKLING, 1976; SPENCE, 1973. Esta é uma pesquisa positivista, realizada por meio da coleta de dados da Economática. Os testes empíricos foram efetuados por meio de regressão múltipla de dados em Pooled, com ajuda dos métodos LS (Least Squares e Tobit. O Pooled e o Tobit foram aplicados para verificar a robustez estatística dos resultados. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nas teorias de ajuste da estrutura do capital, de agência, de substituição de dividendos e de sinalização. Foram testadas as seguintes motivações: ajuste da estrutura do capital, redução do fluxo de caixa disponível, substituição do pagamento de dividendos e subavaliação do valor da empresa. Os resultados encontrados em relação à recompra de ações indicam que a motivação que se mostrou estatisticamente significante foi a redução do fluxo de caixa disponível. Isso conduz à afirmação de que, com base na teoria de agência, empresas com disponibilidade de caixa podem recomprar ações na intenção de minimizar o conflito existente entre o principal e o agente.

Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Contamination Survivability, Small Items of Equipment

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-22

contaminated with CWAs. May cause hardening or swelling of the sealant, which may weaken the seal. Rivet Stainless steel Not expected to have any effect...fallout, and nuclear survivability, which covers initial nu- clear weapon effects including Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP). Combat Developer . A...EA environmental assessment ECBC Edgewood Chemical Biological Center EMP electromagnetic pulse FD/SC Failure Definition/Scoring Criteria FM

America’s Achilles Heel: Defense Against High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse-policy vs. Practice

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-12

between milestones. Recommendations will address both governmental and private sector approaches to EMP damage mitigation and consequence management. 15...governmental and private sector approaches to EMP damage mitigation and consequence management. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This is study is dedicated to the men...check engine light flicker 1 James Wesley Rawles, Patriots: Surviving the Coming Collapse, 4th ed. (Berkeley, CA: Ulysses Press), 1. 1

El papel del agente de empleo y desarrollo local en la implementación de las políticas locales de empleo y en la creación de empresas en España. Estudio empírico y análisis comparativo entre CC.AA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joan Ramón SANCHIS PALACIO

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El Desarrollo Local se está convirtiendo en un tema de gran actualidad, tanto desde el campo académico como desde el campo de la acción en el marco de las iniciativas locales de empleo. Especial relevancia tiene, dentro de este tema, el papel desempeñado por todos aquellos agentes que intervienen en el proceso de Desarrollo Local.El autor de la obra ha realizado un estudio sobre el papel que desempeña el agente de inserción en el contexto del Desarrollo Local a través de un análisis empírico. La obra ofrece una visión amplia y actual de la realidad del Desarrollo Local en España, y presenta un modelo de actuación en el que se recogen diferentes tipos de medidas de mejora de la situación actual y recomendaciones dirigidas tanto a los propios profesionales como a las Administraciones Públicas (Central, Autonómicas y Locales implicadas en el proceso de Desarrollo Local.

Nuclear pulse. II - Ensuring delivery of the doomsday signal

Science.gov (United States)

Broad, W. J.

1981-06-01

The ability of the communications systems on which U.S. strategic forces depend to survive the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects of a nuclear blast in the upper atmosphere is examined. It is shown that the Bell system telephone network, Autovon, on which much military communication presently depends, is especially vulnerable to EMP; while satellite and microwave communications networks are expected to be more resistant to attack. Satellites are, though, vulnerable to killer-satellite attack. Much promise is seen in the conversion of ground communications links to fiber-optic form, which is inherently highly resistant to EMP. A nuclear bomb detonated 200 miles above Nebraska would affect communications equipment throughout the contiguous U.S. with peak fields of 500,000 volts/meter.

analysis of large electromagnetic pulse simulators using the electric field integral equation method in time domain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jamali, J.; Aghajafari, R.; Moini, R.; Sadeghi, H.

2002-01-01

A time-domain approach is presented to calculate electromagnetic fields inside a large Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) simulator. This type of EMP simulator is used for studying the effect of electromagnetic pulses on electrical apparatus in various structures such as vehicles, a reoplanes, etc. The simulator consists of three planar transmission lines. To solve the problem, we first model the metallic structure of the simulator as a grid of conducting wires. The numerical solution of the governing electric field integral equation is then obtained using the method of moments in time domain. To demonstrate the accuracy of the model, we consider a typical EMP simulator. The comparison of our results with those obtained experimentally in the literature validates the model introduced in this paper

Altitudinal distribution of the common longeared bat Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758 and grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus (J. B. Fischer, 1829 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae in the Tatra mountains (southern Poland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krzysztof Piksa

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Riassunto Distribuzione altitudinale di Orecchione bruno (Plecotus auritus e Orecchione meridionale (Plecotus austriacus nei Monti Tatra (Polonia meridionale. Vengono riportati nuovi dati relativi alla distribuzione altitudinale nei Monti Tatra (Polonia meridionale di Plecotus auritus e <em>P. austriacus. Tali segnalazioni incrementano le conoscenze relative alla presenza di questi chirotteri a quote elevate, in particolare per la Polonia. In inverno <em>P. auritus è stato rinvenuto a 1921 m s.l.m. mentre in estate è stato rinvenuto a 2250 m s.l.m.; in aggiunta, sono stati ritrovati resti ossei a 1929 m s.l.m. <em>P. austriacus è stato segnalato in ibernazione a 1294 m s.l.m.

Saúde, nutrição e classes sociais: o nexo empírico evidenciado em um grande centro urbano, Brasil Health, nutrition and social class: the empirical link demonstrated

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Augusto Monteiro

1989-10-01

Full Text Available Embora freqüentemente assumida como verdadeira, a relação entre classe social e estado de saúde e nutrição raramente tem sido estudada no plano empírico. Adotando-se proposta classificatória que permite a identificação operacional do conceito de classe social em sociedades de organização complexa, procurou-se estabelecer e comparar o estado de saúde e nutrição de uma amostra das crianças da cidade de São Paulo pertencentes a distintas classes sociais. A partir da observação da distribuição do índice altura/idade, evidenciou-se crescimento normal - e portanto condições ótimas de saúde e nutrição - apenas entre as crianças pertencentes à burguesia e à pequena burguesia, as quais correspondem a cerca de 30% da população. Diferenças significantes (p The relationship between social class and nutritional status, although frequently presumed true, has scarcely ever been studied empirically. The health and nutritional status of a sample of children from different social classes in the city of S. Paulo (Brazil are studied by means of an on operational classification of social class. Through the analysis of the height for age distribution normal growth - and, therefore, favourable health status - eas found only among the burgeoisie and the small-burgeoisie, these two classes together constituting about 30% of the total population. Significant divergences from an expected anthropometric standard were found among all the segments of the working-class population. Differences in income and schooling among the classes corroborate the empirical link found between social class and health and nutritional status.

Increased Circulating Endothelial Microparticles Associated with PAK4 Play a Key Role in Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shuming Pan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Inappropriate mechanical ventilation (MV can result in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI. Probing mechanisms of VILI and searching for effective methods are current areas of research focus on VILI. The present study aimed to probe into mechanisms of endothelial microparticles (EMPs in VILI and the protective effects of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP against VILI. In this study, C57BL/6 and TLR4KO mouse MV models were used to explore the function of EMPs associated with p21 activated kinases-4 (PAK-4 in VILI. Both the C57BL/6 and TLR4 KO groups were subdivided into a mechanical ventilation (MV group, a TMP + MV group, and a control group. After four hours of high tidal volume (20 ml/kg MV, the degree of lung injury and the protective effects of TMP were assessed. VILI inhibited the cytoskeleton-regulating protein of PAK4 and was accompanied by an increased circulating EMP level. The intercellular junction protein of β-catenin was also decreased accompanied by a thickening alveolar wall, increased lung W/D values, and neutrophil infiltration. TMP alleviated VILI via decreasing circulating EMPs, stabilizing intercellular junctions, and alleviating neutrophil infiltration.

¿Es el liderazgo transformacional determinante en la motivación intrínseca de los seguidores?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Godoy

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El liderazgo transformacional (LT destaca, en su formulación teórica, por su influencia sobre la motivación. Sin embargo, los estudios empíricos han considerado la motivación como un constructo general y no de forma integrada, distinguiendo distintos constructos motivacionales. Este estudio empírico analiza la influencia del LT sobre la motivación intrínseca esperada (MIEs basada en el modelo ASH-Mot. Para ello se tomó una muestra de 575 empleados correspondientes a dos organizaciones españolas a quienes se aplicaron los cuestionarios ASH-Mot y ASH-Lid (este último basado en el Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, MLQ. Los análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales muestran apoyo empírico a la relación entre LT y la MIEs. También los resultados muestran apoyo empírico a la mediación de la instrumentalidad entre el LT y la MIEs. Por otra parte, el análisis multi-grupo con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales muestra la invarianza del modelo, poniendo en evidencia la robustez del modelo postulado.

Oscillation mode transformation of edge magnetoplasmons in two-dimensional electron system on liquid-helium surface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamanaka, Shuji; Yayama, Hideki; Arai, Toshikazau; Anju Sawada, Anju; Fukuda, Akira

2013-01-01

We measured the resonance spectra of edge magnetoplasmon (EMP) oscillations in a two-dimensional (2D) electron system located on a liquid-helium surface below 1.1 K. Systematic measurements of the resonance frequency and the damping rate as a function of the lateral confinement electric field strength shows clear evidence of the oscillation mode transformation. A pronounced change corresponding to the mode transformation was observed in the damping rate. When 2D electrons are confined in a strong lateral electric field, the damping is weak. As the lateral confinement electric field is reduced below a certain threshold value, an abrupt enhancement of the damping rate is observed. We hypothesize that the weak damping mode in the strong lateral confinement electric field is the compressive density oscillation of the electrons near the edge (conventional EMP) and the strong damping mode in the weak confinement field is the coupled mode of conventional EMP and the boundary displacement wave (BDW). The observation of the strong damping in the BDW-EMP coupled mode is a manifestation of the nearly incompressible feature of strongly interacting classical electrons, which agrees with earlier theoretical predictions.

Circulating Endothelial Microparticles and Correlation of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D with Adiponectin, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, and Glycerol from Middle-Aged Men in China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhongxiao Wan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study is (1 to determine the correlation between circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [25(OHD] and adiponectin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs, and glycerol and (2 to determine the alterations in circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs in Chinese male subjects with increased body mass index (BMI. A total of 45 male adults were enrolled with varied BMI [i.e., lean, overweight (OW, and obese (OB, N=15 per group]. Blood samples were collected under overnight fasting condition, and plasma was isolated for the measurement of endothelial microparticles (EMPs, total and high-molecular weight (HMW adiponectin, 25(OHD, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs, and glycerol. Circulating 25(OHD levels were inversely associated with total adiponectin, NEFA, and glycerol levels. There is no difference for CD62E+ or CD31+/CD42b− EMPs among 3 groups. In Chinese male adults with varied BMI, an inverse correlation existed between 25(OHD levels and total adiponectin, NEFA, and glycerol levels; and there is no significant difference for CD62E+ or CD31+/CD42b− EMPs among lean, overweight, and obese subjects.

Taking in account the electromagnetic pulses in study of a material or system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeannolle, J.

1985-01-01

High altitude nuclear bursts generate extremely short and large magnitude electromagnetic pulses (EMP). Electronic circuits which are commonly used nowadays are directly threatened by such an effect. This effect is so important that it has the characteristic to cover large areas, as large as a whole country. For an equipment or a system to stand against such an electromagnetic threat without being considerably disturbed, it is advised to take into account particular protections from the outset of the design phase and during the production phase, that is to say to ensure its hardening. Taking into account and ensuring the EMP protection of an equipment or a system, the Telecommunications Division (DTC) of Thomson-CSF has been devoting to for a number of years. The experience acquired through various studies and production work has allowed a thorough definition of the main steps required in an EMP hardening task: - hardening goal definition; - hardening study and design; - hardening carrying out; - design and production of EMP environment simulators; - hardening validation; - maintenance. This paper describes for each one of these steps: - which approach is undertaken; - which questions are raised; - which documents to constitute [fr

Design of DC Conduction Pump for PGSFR Active Decay Heat Removal System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Dehee; Hong, Jonggan; Lee, Taeho [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2014-05-15

A DC conduction pump has been designed for the ADHRS of PGSFR. A VBA code developed by ANL was utilized to design and optimize the pump. The pump geometry dependent parameters were optimized to minimize the total current while meeting the design requirements. A double-C type dipole was employed to produce the calculated magnetic strength. Numerical simulations for the magnetic field strength and its distribution around the dipole and for the turbulent flow under magnetic force will be carried out. A Direct Current (DC) conduction Electromagnetic Pump (EMP) has been designed for Active Decay Heat Removal System (ADHRS) of PGSFR. The PGSFR has active as well as passive systems for the DHRS. The passive DHRS (PDHRS) works by natural circulation head and the ADHRS is driven by an EMP for the DHRS sodium loop and a blower for the finned-tube sodium-to-air heat exchanger (FHX). An Annular Linear Induction Pump (ALIP) can be also considered for the ADHRS, but DC conduction pump has been chosen. Selection basis of DHRS EMP is addressed and EMP design for single ADHRS loop with 1MWt heat removal capacity is introduced.

Measurement of electromagnetic pulses generated during interactions of high power lasers with solid targets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Marco, M.; Krása, J.; Margarone, D.; Giuffrida, L.; Vrana, R.; Velyhan, A.; Korn, G.; Weber, S.; Cikhardt, J.; Pfeifer, M.; Krouský, E.; Ullschmied, J.; Ahmed, H.; Borghesi, M.; Kar, S.; Limpouch, J.; Velardi, L.; Side, D. Delle; Nassisi, V.

2016-01-01

A target irradiated with a high power laser pulse, blows off a large amount of charge and as a consequence the target itself becomes a generator of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) owing to high return current flowing to the ground through the target holder. The first measurement of the magnetic field induced by the neutralizing current reaching a value of a few kA was performed with the use of an inductive target probe at the PALS Laser Facility (Cikhardt et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 (2014) 103507). A full description of EMP generation should contain information on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the electromagnetic field inside and outside of the interaction chamber. For this reason, we consider the interaction chamber as a resonant cavity in which different modes of EMP oscillate for hundreds of nanoseconds, until the EMP is transmitted outside through the glass windows and EM waves are attenuated. Since the experimental determination of the electromagnetic field distribution is limited by the number of employed antennas, a mapping of the electromagnetic field has to be integrated with numerical simulations. Thus, this work reports on a detailed numerical mapping of the electromagnetic field inside the interaction chamber at the PALS Laser Facility (covering a frequency spectrum from 100 MHz to 3 GHz) using the commercial code COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2. Moreover we carried out a comparison of the EMP generated in the parallelepiped-like interaction chamber used in the Vulcan Petawatt Laser Facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, against that produced in the spherical interaction chamber of PALS.

Recommended E3 HEMP Heave Electric Field Waveform for the Critical Infrastructures. Volume 2

Science.gov (United States)

2017-07-31

horizontal electric (E) field, as this field can effectively couple to long power and communications lines and induce quasi-dc currents in these systems ...Department of Defense E electric field EMP electromagnetic pulse EPRI Electric Power Research Institute FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission GMD...North American Electric Reliability Corporation nT nanotesla S/m siemens/m UV ultraviolet V Volt ix PREFACE This EMP Commission Report

Development and Implementation of the DHAPP Military eHealth Information Network System

Science.gov (United States)

2016-03-01

between databases Vista LifeSciences EMP Security PKI, AES encryption Section 4: User Training Ease-of-use screen design Vista LifeSciences EMP...role-based access control, and encryption for data in transit from user device to and from the local military’s medical database. Role-based access...board Lean process management Data Quality Assessment procedures DHAPP adoption framework ACM, Association for Computing Machinery; AES , Advanced

Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) Contamination Survivability: Large Item Interiors

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-22

CWAs. May cause hardening or swelling of the sealant, which may weaken the seal. Rivet Stainless steel Not expected to have any effect. Not... Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP). TOP 08-2-509 22 June 2012 A-2 APPENDIX A. EXPLANATION OF TERMS. Combat Developer. A category of sponsor...Edgewood Chemical Biological Center EMP electromagnetic pulse FD/SC Failure Definition/Scoring Criteria FM Field Manual FP fluorescent particle

Electromagnetic pulse coupling through an aperture into a two-parallel-plate region

Science.gov (United States)

Rahmat-Samii, Y.

1978-01-01

Analysis of electromagnetic-pulse (EMP) penetration via apertures into cavities is an important study in designing hardened systems. In this paper, an integral equation procedure is developed for determining the frequency and consequently the time behavior of the field inside a two-parallel-plate region excited through an aperture by an EMP. Some discussion of the numerical results is also included in the paper for completeness.

Modeling of GIC Impacts in Different Time Scales, and Validation with Measurement Data

Science.gov (United States)

Shetye, K.; Birchfield, A.; Overbye, T. J.; Gannon, J. L.

2016-12-01

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) have mostly been associated with geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) originating from natural events such as solar coronal mass ejections. There is another, man-made, phenomenon that can induce GICs in the bulk power grid. Detonation of nuclear devices at high altitudes can give rise to electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) that induce electric fields at the earth's surface. EMPs cause three types of waves on different time scales, the slowest of which, E3, can induce GICs similar to the way GMDs do. The key difference between GMDs and EMPs is the rise time of the associated electric field. E3 electric fields are in the msec. to sec. range, whereas GMD electric fields are slower (sec. to min.). Similarly, the power grid and its components also operate and respond to disturbances in various time frames, right from electromagnetic transients (eg. lightning propagation) in the micro second range to steady state power flow ( hours). Hence, different power system component models need to be used to analyze the impacts of GICs caused by GMDs, and EMPs. For instance, for the slower GMD based GICs, a steady-state (static) analysis of the system is sufficient. That is, one does not need to model the dynamic components of a power system, such as the rotating machine of a generator, or generator controls such as exciters, etc. The latter become important in the case of an E3 EMP wave, which falls in the power system transient stability time frame of msec. to sec. This talk will first give an overview of the different time scales and models associated with power system operations, and where GMD and EMPs fit in. This is helpful to develop appropriate system models and test systems for analyzing impacts of GICs from various sources, and developing mitigation measures. Example test systems developed for GMD and EMP analysis, and their key modeling and analysis differences will be presented. After the modeling is discussed, results of validating

Of mice and women: rodent models of placental malaria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hviid, Lars; Marinho, Claudio R F; Staalsoe, Trine

2010-01-01

Pregnant women are at increased malaria risk. The infections are characterized by placental accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) with adverse consequences for mother and baby. Placental IE sequestration in the intervillous space is mediated by variant surface antigens (VSAs) selectively...... expressed in placental malaria (PM) and specific for chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). In Plasmodium falciparum, these VSA(PM) appear largely synonymous with the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family variant VAR2CSA. As rodent malaria parasites do not possess PfEMP1 homologs......, the usefulness of experimental mouse PM models remains controversial. However, many features of murine and human PM are similar, including involvement of VSAs analogous to PfEMP1. It thus appears that rodent model studies can further the understanding of VSA-dependent malaria pathogenesis and immunity....

Research on the Countermeasures against Electromagnetic Interface in Power Systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Won Bin; Kang, Young Suk; Choi, Hyo Yul; Cha, Ok Hyun [Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Taejon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Gi Chul; Le, Jae Bok; Ha, Tae Hyun; Kim, Suk Joo; Na, Dae Yul; Kim, Yong Ho; Jeong, Kyo Beom [Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon (Korea, Republic of)

1997-12-31

As the results of widespread use of microelectronics in electric power system, electric environment of power operation facilities in substation has become more weak and severe for surge voltages. Electromagnetic coupled overvoltage caused by HV bus switching operating lead to the malfunction or destruction of low voltage control circuit which mostly used signal. To scope with this transients overvoltage, it is necessary to be investigated transient source and propagation path and analysed its effects to low voltage circuit such as relay. This study is to analysis source of conducted EMP(electromagnetic pulse) on the low voltage control circuit and to acquits transient voltage waveforms, and to provide countermeasures against transient voltage, and EMP filtering method according to each EMP each type. With this, gradual improvement of EMI countermeasure will be achieved. (author). 49 refs., figs.

Research on the Countermeasures against Electromagnetic Interface in Power Systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Won Bin; Kang, Young Suk; Choi, Hyo Yul; Cha, Ok Hyun [Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Taejon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Gi Chul; Le, Jae Bok; Ha, Tae Hyun; Kim, Suk Joo; Na, Dae Yul; Kim, Yong Ho; Jeong, Kyo Beom [Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon (Korea, Republic of)

1996-12-31

As the results of widespread use of microelectronics in electric power system, electric environment of power operation facilities in substation has become more weak and severe for surge voltages. Electromagnetic coupled overvoltage caused by HV bus switching operating lead to the malfunction or destruction of low voltage control circuit which mostly used signal. To scope with this transients overvoltage, it is necessary to be investigated transient source and propagation path and analysed its effects to low voltage circuit such as relay. This study is to analysis source of conducted EMP(electromagnetic pulse) on the low voltage control circuit and to acquits transient voltage waveforms, and to provide countermeasures against transient voltage, and EMP filtering method according to each EMP each type. With this, gradual improvement of EMI countermeasure will be achieved. (author). 49 refs., figs.

Multi probes measurements at the PALS Facility Research Centre during high intense laser pulse interactions with various target materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

De Marco Massimo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available During the interaction of high intense laser pulse with solid target, a large amount of hot electrons is produced and a giant Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP is generated due to the current flowing into the system target–target holder, as well as due to the escaping charged particles in vacuum. EMP production for different target materials is investigated inside and outside the target chamber, using monopole antenna, super wide-band microstrip antenna and Moebius antenna. The EMP consists in a fast transient magnetic field lasting hundreds of nanosecond with frequencies ranging from MHz to tens of GHz. Measurements of magnetic field and return target current in the range of kA were carried out by an inductive target probe (Cikhardt J. et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 (2014 103507.

Supplemental Grounding of Extended EMP Collectors.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-01-31

G52AAXEX40602 H2590D as Contract DNA 001-80-C-0294. The program was monitored by Major Blair Williams, RAEE . The work described in this report was...ATTN: RAEE ATTN: DPOPM-COM-W-D ATTN RAAE ATTN: NATA Deputy Chief of Staff for Rsch Dev & Acq 4 cy ATTN: TITL ATTN: DAMA-CSS-N Defense Tech Info Ctr

Os Símbolos de Informação Pública nos Setores do Lazer e Turismo: resultados empíricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Ricardo Fiori

2010-09-01

Full Text Available  Resumo

Atualmente a facilidade de comunicação e o rápido deslocamento permitem com que as pessoas usufruam de inúmeras atividades de lazer e turismo em diferentes escalas: dentro de casa, em sua cidade, estado ou país. O contexto faz com que os símbolos de informação pública se estabeleçam como agentes facilitadores de comunicação, sendo potencializados em locais que abrigam pessoas das mais diferentes nacionalidades e que, por sua vez, possuem limitações para se expressar em outros idiomas como em aeroportos, eventos internacionais e centros históricos. Deste modo, ressalta-se o grande desafio de estudos sobre o tema evidenciando a questão cultural e a problemática quanto a compreendê-los, aceitá-los. O artigo aborda de maneira breve alguns estudos teóricos, além de apresentar uma pesquisa empírica realizada com oitenta e dois símbolos de informação pública.