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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of Cd (II Complex with N-Benzenesulphonyl-L>-leucine

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Xishi Tai

2012-09-01

Full Text Available A new trinuclear Cd (II complex [Cd₃(L₆(2,2-bipyridine₃] [L = Nem>-phenylsulfonyl-L>-leucinato] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The results show that the complex belongs to the orthorhombic, space group Pem>2₁2₁2₁ with aem> = 16.877(3 Å, b> em>= 22.875(5 Å, c em>= 29.495(6 Å, α> em>= β em>= γ em>= 90°, V> em>= 11387(4 Å³, Z> em>= 4, D_c>= 1.416 μg·m⁻³, μ em>= 0.737 mm⁻¹, F> em>(000 = 4992, and final R>₁ = 0.0390, ωR>₂ = 0.0989. The complex comprises two seven-coordinated Cd (II atoms, with a N₂O₅ distorted pengonal bipyramidal coordination environment and a six-coordinated Cd (II atom, with a N₂O₄ distorted octahedral coordination environment. The molecules form one dimensional chain structure by the interaction of bridged carboxylato groups, hydrogen bonds and p-p interaction of 2,2-bipyridine. The luminescent properties of the Cd (II complex and N-Benzenesulphonyl-L>-leucine in solid and in CH₃OH solution also have been investigated.

Solution NMR Structure of Hypothetical Protein CV_2116 Encoded by a Viral Prophage Element in Chromobacterium violaceumem>

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Yunhuang Yang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available CV_2116 is a small hypothetical protein of 82 amino acids from the Gram-negative coccobacillus Chromobacterium violaceumem>. A PSI-BLAST search using the CV_2116 sequence as a query identified only one hit (E = 2e⁻⁰⁷ corresponding to a hypothetical protein OR16_04617 from Cupriavidus basilensisem> OR16, which failed to provide insight into the function of CV_2116. The CV_2116em> gene was cloned into the p15TvLic expression plasmid, transformed into E. coliem>, and ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled NMR samples of CV_2116 were overexpressed in E. coliem> and purified for structure determination using NMR spectroscopy. The resulting high-quality solution NMR structure of CV_2116 revealed a novel α + β fold containing two anti-parallel β -sheets in the N>-terminal two-thirds of the protein and one α-helix in the C>-terminal third of the protein. CV_2116 does not belong to any known protein sequence family and a Dali search indicated that no similar structures exist in the protein data bank. Although no function of CV_2116 could be derived from either sequence or structural similarity searches, the neighboring genes of CV_2116em> encode various proteins annotated as similar to bacteriophage tail assembly proteins. Interestingly, C. violaceumem> exhibits an extensive network of bacteriophage tail-like structures that likely result from lateral gene transfer by incorporation of viral DNA into its genome (prophages due to bacteriophage infection. Indeed, C. violaceumem> has been shown to contain four prophage elements and CV_2116em> resides in the fourth of these elements. Analysis of the putative operon in which CV_2116 resides indicates that CV_2116 might be a component of the bacteriophage tail-like assembly that occurs in C. violaceumem>.

N>-Substituted 5-Chloro-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H>-ones: Synthesis, Insecticidal Activity Against Plutella xylostella em>(L. and SAR Study

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Song Yang

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A series of N>-substituted 5-chloro-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H>-one derivatives were synthesized based on our previous work; all compounds were characterized by spectral data and tested for in vitroem> insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostellaem>. The results showed that the synthesized pyridazin-3(2H>-one compounds possessed good insecticidal activities, especially the compounds 4b, 4d, and 4h which showed > 90% activity at 100 mg/L. The structure-activity relationships (SAR for these compounds were also discussed.

Engineering Analyses of NCSX Modular Coil and Its Supporting Structure for EM Loads

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan, H.M.; Williamson, D.

2003-01-01

NCSX modular coil is a major parts of the NCSX coil systems that surround the highly shaped plasma and vacuum vessel. The flexible copper cable conductors are used to form modular coil on both sides of the ''tee'' beam, which is cast inside the supporting shell structure. The Engineering analyses comprise sequentially coupled-field analyses that include an electromagnetic analysis to calculate the magnetic fields and EM forces, and a structural analysis to evaluate the structural responses. In the sequential EM-structural analysis, nodal forces obtained from the EM analysis were applied as ''nodal force'' loads in the subsequent stress analysis using the identical nodal points and elements. The shell model was imported directly from Pro/ENGINEER files in order to obtain an accurate structural representation. The Boolean operations provided by the ANSYS preprocessor were then applied to subdivide the solid model for more desirable finite element meshing. Material properties of the modular coil were based on test results. Analyses using the ANSYS program to evaluate structural responses of the complicated modular coil systems provided a clear understanding of the structural behaviors and the directions for improving the structural design

Development of 101 Gene-based Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicusem>>

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Wei Lu

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs are currently the marker of choice in a variety of genetic studies. Using the high resolution melting (HRM genotyping approach, 101 gene-based SNP markers were developed for Apostichopus japonicusem>, a sea cucumber species with economic significance for the aquaculture industry in East Asian countries. HRM analysis revealed that all the loci showed polymorphisms when evaluated using 40 A. japonicusem> individuals collected from a natural population. The minor allele frequency ranged from 0.035 to 0.489. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.050 to 0.833 and 0.073 to 0.907, respectively. Thirteen loci were found to depart signiﬁcantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE after Bonferroni corrections. Signiﬁcant linkage disequilibrium (LD was detected in one pair of markers. These SNP markers are expected to be useful for future quantitative trait loci (QTL analysis, and to facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS in A. japonicusem>.

Rapid Development of Microsatellite Markers with 454 Pyrosequencing in a Vulnerable Fish,> the Mottled Skate, Raja em>pulchra>

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Jung-Ha Kang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The mottled skate, Raja pulchraem>, is an economically valuable fish. However, due to a severe population decline, it is listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. To analyze its genetic structure and diversity, microsatellite markers were developed using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 17,033 reads containing dinucleotide microsatellite repeat units (mean, 487 base pairs were identified from 453,549 reads. Among 32 loci containing more than nine repeat units, 20 primer sets (62% produced strong PCR products, of which 14 were polymorphic. In an analysis of 60 individuals from two R. pulchra em>populations, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1–10, and the mean allelic richness was 4.7. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any pair of loci, indicating that the markers were independent. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test showed significant deviation in two of the 28 single-loci after sequential Bonferroni’s correction. Using 11 primer sets, cross-species amplification was demonstrated in nine related species from four families within two classes. Among the 11 loci amplified from three other Rajidae> family species; three loci were polymorphic. A monomorphic locus was amplified in all three Rajidae> family species and the Dasyatidae> family. Two Rajidae> polymorphic loci amplified monomorphic target DNAs in four species belonging to the Carcharhiniformes class, and another was polymorphic in two Carcharhiniformes species.

Cryo-EM studies of the structure and dynamics of vacuolar-type ATPases

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Mazhab-Jafari, Mohammad T.; Rubinstein, John L.

2016-01-01

Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has significantly advanced our understanding of molecular structure in biology. Recent innovations in both hardware and software have made cryo-EM a viable alternative for targets that are not amenable to x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cryo-EM has even become the method of choice in some situations where x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are possible but where cryo-EM can determine structures at higher resolution or with less time or effort. Rotary adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are crucial to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. These enzymes couple the synthesis or hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to the use or production of a transmembrane electrochemical ion gradient, respectively. However, the membrane-embedded nature and conformational heterogeneity of intact rotary ATPases have prevented their high-resolution structural analysis to date. Recent application of cryo-EM methods to the different types of rotary ATPase has led to sudden advances in understanding the structure and function of these enzymes, revealing significant conformational heterogeneity and characteristic transmembrane α helices that are highly tilted with respect to the membrane. In this Review, we will discuss what has been learned recently about rotary ATPase structure and function, with a particular focus on the vacuolar-type ATPases. PMID:27532044

Physics-based simulation of EM and SM in TSV-based 3D IC structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kteyan, Armen [Mentor Graphics Corp., 0012 Yerevan (Armenia); Sukharev, Valeriy [Mentor Graphics Corp., Fremont, CA 94538 (United States); Zschech, Ehrenfried [Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing IZFP, D-01109 Dresden (Germany)

2014-06-19

Evolution of stresses in through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and in the TSV landing pad due to the stress migration (SM) and electromigration (EM) phenomena are considered. It is shown that an initial stress distribution existing in a TSV depends on its architecture and copper fill technology. We demonstrate that in the case of proper copper annealing the SM-induced redistribution of atoms results in uniform distributions of the hydrostatic stress and concentration of vacancies along each segment. In this case, applied EM stressing generates atom migration that is characterized by kinetics depending on the preexisting equilibrium concentration of vacancies. Stress-induced voiding in TSV is considered. EM induced voiding in TSV landing pad is analyzed in details.

Physics-based simulation of EM and SM in TSV-based 3D IC structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kteyan, Armen; Sukharev, Valeriy; Zschech, Ehrenfried

2014-01-01

Evolution of stresses in through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and in the TSV landing pad due to the stress migration (SM) and electromigration (EM) phenomena are considered. It is shown that an initial stress distribution existing in a TSV depends on its architecture and copper fill technology. We demonstrate that in the case of proper copper annealing the SM-induced redistribution of atoms results in uniform distributions of the hydrostatic stress and concentration of vacancies along each segment. In this case, applied EM stressing generates atom migration that is characterized by kinetics depending on the preexisting equilibrium concentration of vacancies. Stress-induced voiding in TSV is considered. EM induced voiding in TSV landing pad is analyzed in details

Structure of the 30 kDa HIV-1 RNA Dimerization Signal by a Hybrid Cryo-EM, NMR, and Molecular Dynamics Approach.

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Zhang, Kaiming; Keane, Sarah C; Su, Zhaoming; Irobalieva, Rossitza N; Chen, Muyuan; Van, Verna; Sciandra, Carly A; Marchant, Jan; Heng, Xiao; Schmid, Michael F; Case, David A; Ludtke, Steven J; Summers, Michael F; Chiu, Wah

2018-03-06

Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are routinely used to determine structures of macromolecules with molecular weights over 65 and under 25 kDa, respectively. We combined these techniques to study a 30 kDa HIV-1 dimer initiation site RNA ([DIS] 2 ; 47 nt/strand). A 9 Å cryo-EM map clearly shows major groove features of the double helix and a right-handed superhelical twist. Simulated cryo-EM maps generated from time-averaged molecular dynamics trajectories (10 ns) exhibited levels of detail similar to those in the experimental maps, suggesting internal structural flexibility limits the cryo-EM resolution. Simultaneous inclusion of the cryo-EM map and 2 H-edited NMR-derived distance restraints during structure refinement generates a structure consistent with both datasets and supporting a flipped-out base within a conserved purine-rich bulge. Our findings demonstrate the power of combining global and local structural information from these techniques for structure determination of modest-sized RNAs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A New Natural Lactone from Dimocarpus> longan> Lour. Seeds

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Zhongjun Li

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A new natural product named longanlactone was isolated from Dimocarpus> longan> Lour. seeds. Its structure was determined as 3-(2-acetyl-1H>-pyrrol-1-yl-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yldihydrofuran-2(3H-one by spectroscopic methods and HRESIMS.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia inferensem>, in Comparison with Four Other Noctuid Moths

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Yu-Zhou Du

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The complete 15,413-bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome of Sesamia inferensem> (Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae was sequenced and compared with those of four other noctuid moths. All of the mitogenomes analyzed displayed similar characteristics with respect to gene content, genome organization, nucleotide comparison, and codon usages. Twelve-one protein-coding genes (PCGs utilized the standard ATN, but the cox1 em>gene used CGA as the initiation codon; cox1em>, cox2em>, and nad4em> genes had the truncated termination codon T in the S. inferens em>mitogenome. All of the tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures except for trnS1(AGNem>, in which the dihydrouridine (DHU arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. Both the secondary structures of rrnL> and rrnS> genes inferred from the S. inferens em>mitogenome closely resembled those of other noctuid moths. In the A+T-rich region, the conserved motif “ATAGA” followed by a long T-stretch was observed in all noctuid moths, but other specific tandem-repeat elements were more variable. Additionally, the S. inferens em>mitogenome contained a potential stem-loop structure, a duplicated 17-bp repeat element, a decuplicated segment, and a microsatellite “(AT₇”, without a poly-A element upstream of the trnM em>in the A+T-rich region. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on amino acid sequences of mitochondrial 13 PCGs, which support the traditional morphologically based view of relationships within the Noctuidae.

Microsatellite Loci in the Gypsophyte Lepidium subulatum em>(Brassicaceae, and Transferability to Other Lepidieae>

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José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Ibero-North African, strict gypsophyte Lepidium subulatumem> to unravel the effects of habitat fragmentation in levels of genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow among its populations. Using 454 pyrosequencing 12 microsatellite loci including di- and tri-nucleotide repeats were characterized in L. subulatumem>. They amplified a total of 80 alleles (2–12 alleles per locus in a sample of 35 individuals of L. subulatumem>, showing relatively high levels of genetic diversity, H>_O = 0.645, H>_E = 0.627. Cross-species transferability of all 12 loci was successful for the Iberian endemics Lepidium cardaminesem>, Lepidium stylatumem>, and the widespread, Lepidium graminifoliumem> and one species each of two related genera, Cardaria drabaem> and Coronopus didymusem>. These microsatellite primers will be useful to investigate genetic diversity, population structure and to address conservation genetics in species of Lepidium>.

Quantifying Golgi structure using EM: combining volume-SEM and stereology for higher throughput.

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Ferguson, Sophie; Steyer, Anna M; Mayhew, Terry M; Schwab, Yannick; Lucocq, John Milton

2017-06-01

Investigating organelles such as the Golgi complex depends increasingly on high-throughput quantitative morphological analyses from multiple experimental or genetic conditions. Light microscopy (LM) has been an effective tool for screening but fails to reveal fine details of Golgi structures such as vesicles, tubules and cisternae. Electron microscopy (EM) has sufficient resolution but traditional transmission EM (TEM) methods are slow and inefficient. Newer volume scanning EM (volume-SEM) methods now have the potential to speed up 3D analysis by automated sectioning and imaging. However, they produce large arrays of sections and/or images, which require labour-intensive 3D reconstruction for quantitation on limited cell numbers. Here, we show that the information storage, digital waste and workload involved in using volume-SEM can be reduced substantially using sampling-based stereology. Using the Golgi as an example, we describe how Golgi populations can be sensed quantitatively using single random slices and how accurate quantitative structural data on Golgi organelles of individual cells can be obtained using only 5-10 sections/images taken from a volume-SEM series (thereby sensing population parameters and cell-cell variability). The approach will be useful in techniques such as correlative LM and EM (CLEM) where small samples of cells are treated and where there may be variable responses. For Golgi study, we outline a series of stereological estimators that are suited to these analyses and suggest workflows, which have the potential to enhance the speed and relevance of data acquisition in volume-SEM.

Cyclic Bis-1,3-dialkylpyridiniums from the Sponge Haliclona> sp.

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Jongheon Shin

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Eight novel cyclic bis-1,3-dialkylpyridiniums, as well as two known compounds from the cyclostellettamine class, were isolated from the sponge Haliclona> sp. from Korea. Structures of these novel compounds were determined using combined NMR and FAB-MS/MS analyses. Several of these compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxic and antibacterial activities against A549 cell-line and Gram-positive strains, respectively. The structure-activity relationships of cyclostellettamines are discussed based on their bioactivities.

Estratégia e estrutura: em busca do alinhamento organizacional em um clube social esportivo Strategy and structure: the quest for organizational alignment in a social sports club

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Augusto de Toledo Cruz Junior

2005-12-01

Full Text Available A literatura descreve tipologias de formas organizações, que podem ser divididas em organização baseada em trabalho e organização baseada em conhecimento. A forma de representação mais utilizada é o organograma. Contudo, esta forma de representação não consegue ilustrar adequadamente a dinâmica de funcionamento da organização, sobretudo em organizações em que o conhecimento e a experiência são os ativos-chave. Com o objetivo de investigar o processo de alinhamento entre estratégia e estrutura, a abordagem metodológica adotada foi a pesquisa-ação. A pesquisa foi realizada ao longo de 6 meses, no período dos anos 2003 e 2004, em um clube situado na cidade de São Paulo. Participaram da pesquisa um grupo de 12 gerentes, 10 supervisores, 9 coordenadores e 5 dos principais diretores. Este artigo mostra como um clube de atividades sociais, culturais e esportivas projetou sua estrutura organizacional alinhada à formação de competências e às suas dinâmicas de funcionamento, para operar com características de uma organização baseada em conhecimento. A nova forma de representação da estrutura organizacional, denominada organigraph, ajudou o clube a explicitar a estratégia emergente, para operar em um mercado competitivo turbulento e implementá-la como regra simples a ser seguida por todos. Além disto, é apresentado um modelo de avaliação do desempenho derivado de um organigraph.The academic and practical literature describes organizational typologies that can be classified according to two main categories: job-based and knowledge-based organizations. The organizational structure is most commonly represented or described by the organizational chart. However, this form of representation fails to adequately depict the organization's work dynamics, above all in companies whose key assets are knowledge and experience. To investigate the alignment between strategy and structure, the methodological approach adopted here

Navigating 3D electron microscopy maps with EM-SURFER.

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Esquivel-Rodríguez, Juan; Xiong, Yi; Han, Xusi; Guang, Shuomeng; Christoffer, Charles; Kihara, Daisuke

2015-05-30

The Electron Microscopy DataBank (EMDB) is growing rapidly, accumulating biological structural data obtained mainly by electron microscopy and tomography, which are emerging techniques for determining large biomolecular complex and subcellular structures. Together with the Protein Data Bank (PDB), EMDB is becoming a fundamental resource of the tertiary structures of biological macromolecules. To take full advantage of this indispensable resource, the ability to search the database by structural similarity is essential. However, unlike high-resolution structures stored in PDB, methods for comparing low-resolution electron microscopy (EM) density maps in EMDB are not well established. We developed a computational method for efficiently searching low-resolution EM maps. The method uses a compact fingerprint representation of EM maps based on the 3D Zernike descriptor, which is derived from a mathematical series expansion for EM maps that are considered as 3D functions. The method is implemented in a web server named EM-SURFER, which allows users to search against the entire EMDB in real-time. EM-SURFER compares the global shapes of EM maps. Examples of search results from different types of query structures are discussed. We developed EM-SURFER, which retrieves structurally relevant matches for query EM maps from EMDB within seconds. The unique capability of EM-SURFER to detect 3D shape similarity of low-resolution EM maps should prove invaluable in structural biology.

In Vitro em>Phytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Flavonoids

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Rita Patrizia Aquino

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The knowledge of flavonoids involved in plant-plant interactions and their mechanisms of action are poor and, moreover, the structural characteristics required for these biological activities are scarcely known. The objective of this work was to study the possible in vitro em>phytotoxic effects of 27 flavonoids on the germination and early radical growth of Raphanus sativus em>L.> and Lepidium sativumem> L., with the aim to evaluate the possible structure/activity relationship. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the same compounds was also evaluated. Generally, in response to various tested flavonoids, germination was only slightly affected, whereas significant differences were observed in the activity of the various tested flavonoids against radical elongation. DPPH test confirms the antioxidant activity of luteolin, quercetin, catechol, morin, and catechin. The biological activity recorded is discussed in relation to the structure of compounds and their capability to interact with cell structures and physiology. No correlation was found between phytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

Constituents from Vigna em>vexillata> and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

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Guo-Feng Chen

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The seeds of Vigna em>genus are important food resources and there have already been many reports regarding their bioactivities. In our preliminary bioassay, the chloroform layer of methanol extracts of V. vexillata em>demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Therefore, the present research is aimed to purify and identify the anti-inflammatory principles of V. vexillataem>. One new sterol (1 and two new isoflavones (2,3 were reported from the natural sources for the first time and their chemical structures were determined by the spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. In addition, 37 known compounds were identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. Among the isolates, daidzein (23, abscisic acid (25, and quercetin (40 displayed the most significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release.

Efficient approach to simulate EM loads on massive structures in ITER machine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alekseev, A. [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 St. Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Andreeva, Z.; Belov, A.; Belyakov, V.; Filatov, O. [D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute, 196641 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Gribov, Yu.; Ioki, K. [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 St. Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Kukhtin, V.; Labusov, A.; Lamzin, E.; Lyublin, B.; Malkov, A.; Mazul, I. [D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute, 196641 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Rozov, V.; Sugihara, M. [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 St. Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Sychevsky, S., E-mail: sytch@sintez.niiefa.spb.su [D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute, 196641 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation)

2013-10-15

Highlights: ► A modelling technique to predict EM loads in ITER conducting structures is presented. ► The technique provides low computational cost and parallel computations. ► Detailed models were built for the system “vacuum vessel, cryostat, thermal shields”. ► EM loads on massive in-vessel structures were simulated with the use of local models. ► A flexible combination of models enables desired accuracy of load distributions. -- Abstract: Operation of the ITER machine is associated with high electromagnetic (EM) loads. An essential contributor to EM loads is eddy currents induced in passive conductive structures. Reasoning from the ITER construction, a modelling technique has been developed and applied in computations to efficiently predict anticipated loads. The technique allows us to avoid building a global 3D finite-element (FE) model that requires meshing of the conducting structures and their vacuum environment into 3D solid elements that leads to high computational cost. The key features of the proposed technique are: (i) the use of an existing shell model for the system “vacuum vessel (VV), cryostat, and thermal shields (TS)” implementing the magnetic shell approach. A solution is obtained in terms of a single-component, in this case, vector electric potential taken within the conducting shells of the “VV + cryostat + TS” system. (ii) EM loads on in-vessel conducting structures are simulated with the use of local FE models. The local models use either the 3D solid body or shell approximations. Reasoning from the simulation efficiency, the local boundary conditions are put with respect to the total field or an external field. The use of an integral-differential formulation and special procedures ensures smooth and accurate simulated distributions of fields from current sources of any geometry. The local FE models have been developed and applied for EM analyses of a variety of the ITER components including the diagnostic systems

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Elucidating the structural basis for differing enzyme inhibitor potency by cryo-EM.

Science.gov (United States)

Rawson, Shaun; Bisson, Claudine; Hurdiss, Daniel L; Fazal, Asif; McPhillie, Martin J; Sedelnikova, Svetlana E; Baker, Patrick J; Rice, David W; Muench, Stephen P

2018-02-20

Histidine biosynthesis is an essential process in plants and microorganisms, making it an attractive target for the development of herbicides and antibacterial agents. Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (IGPD), a key enzyme within this pathway, has been biochemically characterized in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Sc_ IGPD) and Arabidopsis thaliana ( At_ IGPD). The plant enzyme, having been the focus of in-depth structural analysis as part of an inhibitor development program, has revealed details about the reaction mechanism of IGPD, whereas the yeast enzyme has proven intractable to crystallography studies. The structure-activity relationship of potent triazole-phosphonate inhibitors of IGPD has been determined in both homologs, revealing that the lead inhibitor (C348) is an order of magnitude more potent against Sc_ IGPD than At_ IGPD; however, the molecular basis of this difference has not been established. Here we have used single-particle electron microscopy (EM) to study structural differences between the At and Sc_ IGPD homologs, which could influence the difference in inhibitor potency. The resulting EM maps at ∼3 Å are sufficient to de novo build the protein structure and identify the inhibitor binding site, which has been validated against the crystal structure of the At_ IGPD/C348 complex. The structure of Sc _IGPD reveals that a 24-amino acid insertion forms an extended loop region on the enzyme surface that lies adjacent to the active site, forming interactions with the substrate/inhibitor binding loop that may influence inhibitor potency. Overall, this study provides insights into the IGPD family and demonstrates the power of using an EM approach to study inhibitor binding. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Cryo-EM image alignment based on nonuniform fast Fourier transform

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Zhengfan; Penczek, Pawel A.

2008-01-01

In single particle analysis, two-dimensional (2-D) alignment is a fundamental step intended to put into register various particle projections of biological macromolecules collected at the electron microscope. The efficiency and quality of three-dimensional (3-D) structure reconstruction largely depends on the computational speed and alignment accuracy of this crucial step. In order to improve the performance of alignment, we introduce a new method that takes advantage of the highly accurate interpolation scheme based on the gridding method, a version of the nonuniform fast Fourier transform, and utilizes a multi-dimensional optimization algorithm for the refinement of the orientation parameters. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that by using less than half of the sample points and taking twice the runtime, our new 2-D alignment method achieves dramatically better alignment accuracy than that based on quadratic interpolation. We also apply our method to image to volume registration, the key step in the single particle EM structure refinement protocol. We find that in this case the accuracy of the method not only surpasses the accuracy of the commonly used real-space implementation, but results are achieved in much shorter time, making gridding-based alignment a perfect candidate for efficient structure determination in single particle analysis

Cryo-EM image alignment based on nonuniform fast Fourier transform.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhengfan; Penczek, Pawel A

2008-08-01

In single particle analysis, two-dimensional (2-D) alignment is a fundamental step intended to put into register various particle projections of biological macromolecules collected at the electron microscope. The efficiency and quality of three-dimensional (3-D) structure reconstruction largely depends on the computational speed and alignment accuracy of this crucial step. In order to improve the performance of alignment, we introduce a new method that takes advantage of the highly accurate interpolation scheme based on the gridding method, a version of the nonuniform fast Fourier transform, and utilizes a multi-dimensional optimization algorithm for the refinement of the orientation parameters. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that by using less than half of the sample points and taking twice the runtime, our new 2-D alignment method achieves dramatically better alignment accuracy than that based on quadratic interpolation. We also apply our method to image to volume registration, the key step in the single particle EM structure refinement protocol. We find that in this case the accuracy of the method not only surpasses the accuracy of the commonly used real-space implementation, but results are achieved in much shorter time, making gridding-based alignment a perfect candidate for efficient structure determination in single particle analysis.

Direct imaging electron microscopy (EM) methods in modern structural biology: overview and comparison with X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction in the studies of large macromolecules.

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Miyaguchi, Katsuyuki

2014-10-01

Determining the structure of macromolecules is important for understanding their function. The fine structure of large macromolecules is currently studied primarily by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) reconstruction. Before the development of these techniques, macromolecular structure was often examined by negative-staining, rotary-shadowing and freeze-etching EM, which are categorised here as 'direct imaging EM methods'. In this review, the results are summarised by each of the above techniques and compared with respect to four macromolecules: the ryanodine receptor, cadherin, rhodopsin and the ribosome-translocon complex (RTC). The results of structural analysis of the ryanodine receptor and cadherin are consistent between each technique. The results obtained for rhodopsin vary to some extent within each technique and between the different techniques. Finally, the results for RTC are inconsistent between direct imaging EM and other analytical techniques, especially with respect to the space within RTC, the reasons for which are discussed. Then, the role of direct imaging EM methods in modern structural biology is discussed. Direct imaging methods should support and verify the results obtained by other analytical methods capable of solving three-dimensional molecular architecture, and they should still be used as a primary tool for studying macromolecule structure in vivo. © 2014 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Computational Prediction of Atomic Structures of Helical Membrane Proteins Aided by EM Maps

Science.gov (United States)

Kovacs, Julio A.; Yeager, Mark; Abagyan, Ruben

2007-01-01

Integral membrane proteins pose a major challenge for protein-structure prediction because only ≈100 high-resolution structures are available currently, thereby impeding the development of rules or empirical potentials to predict the packing of transmembrane α-helices. However, when an intermediate-resolution electron microscopy (EM) map is available, it can be used to provide restraints which, in combination with a suitable computational protocol, make structure prediction feasible. In this work we present such a protocol, which proceeds in three stages: 1), generation of an ensemble of α-helices by flexible fitting into each of the density rods in the low-resolution EM map, spanning a range of rotational angles around the main helical axes and translational shifts along the density rods; 2), fast optimization of side chains and scoring of the resulting conformations; and 3), refinement of the lowest-scoring conformations with internal coordinate mechanics, by optimizing the van der Waals, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, torsional, and solvation energy contributions. In addition, our method implements a penalty term through a so-called tethering map, derived from the EM map, which restrains the positions of the α-helices. The protocol was validated on three test cases: GpA, KcsA, and MscL. PMID:17496035

Net Energy, CO₂ Emission and Land-Based Cost-Benefit Analyses of Jatropha> em>Biodiesel: A Case Study of the Panzhihua Region of Sichuan Province in China

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Xiangzheng Deng

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Bioenergy is currently regarded as a renewable energy source with a high growth potential. Forest-based biodiesel, with the significant advantage of not competing with grain production on cultivated land, has been considered as a promising substitute for diesel fuel by many countries, including China. Consequently, extracting biodiesel from Jatropha> curcasem> has become a growing industry. However, many key issues related to the development of this industry are still not fully resolved and the prospects for this industry are complicated. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the net energy, CO₂ emission, and cost efficiency of Jatropha> biodiesel as a substitute fuel in China to help resolve some of the key issues by studying data from this region of China that is well suited to growing Jatropha>. Our results show that: (1 Jatropha> biodiesel is preferable for global warming mitigation over diesel fuel in terms of the carbon sink during Jatropha> tree growth. (2 The net energy yield of Jatropha> biodiesel is much lower than that of fossil fuel, induced by the high energy consumption during Jatropha> plantation establishment and the conversion from seed oil to diesel fuel step. Therefore, the energy efficiencies of the production of Jatropha> and its conversion to biodiesel need to be improved. (3 Due to current low profit and high risk in the study area, farmers have little incentive to continue or increase Jatropha> production. (4 It is necessary to provide more subsidies and preferential policies for Jatropha> plantations if this industry is to grow. It is also necessary for local government to set realistic objectives and make rational plans to choose proper sites for Jatropha> biodiesel development and the work reported here should assist that effort. Future research focused on breading high-yield varieties, development of efficient field

In Vivoem> Histamine Optical Nanosensors

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Heather A. Clark

2012-08-01

Full Text Available In this communication we discuss the development of ionophore based nanosensors for the detection and monitoring of histamine levels in vivoem>. This approach is based on the use of an amine-reactive, broad spectrum ionophore which is capable of recognizing and binding to histamine. We pair this ionophore with our already established nanosensor platform, and demonstrate in vitroem> and in vivoem> monitoring of histamine levels. This approach enables capturing rapid kinetics of histamine after injection, which are more difficult to measure with standard approaches such as blood sampling, especially on small research models. The coupling together of in vivoem> nanosensors with ionophores such as nonactin provide a way to generate nanosensors for novel targets without the difficult process of designing and synthesizing novel ionophores.

Metacognição em Grupos de Problem-based Learning (PBL

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Adriana Vargas

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Aprendizagem em grupo é um processo que envolve a mobilização de funções cognitivas e desenvolve competências necessárias no decorrer da vida. A Problem-based Learning (PBL, uma proposta de aprendizagem em grupo, enfatiza o desenvolvimento cognitivo e pode potencializar a metacognição. Objetivou-se responder as questões: 1 a PBL é uma metodologia que envolve o desenvolvimento da metacognição? 2 pode-se relacionar os estudos da metacognição no contexto grupal à PBL? Realizou-se o estado do conhecimento do tema, entre 2010 a 2015, contendo os termos metacognition e Problem-based Learning, no portal de periódicos da CAPES. Oito pesquisas foram selecionadas por descreverem evidências empíricas da metacognição em grupos de PBL. A PBL pode ser aplicada aos estudos de aprendizagem em grupo e metacognição, por mobilizar conhecimentos, a tomada de consciência e o autocontrole.

Evaluation of EM loads distribution on DEMO blanket segments and their effect on mechanical integrity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maione, Ivan Alessio; Zeile, Christian; Boccaccini, Lorenzo V.; Vaccaro, Alessandro

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Two DEMO 2015 ANSYS FEM models (for EM and structural analysis) have been implemented based on the EU-HCPB concept. • Lorentz’s forces have been calculated and their impact on the segment structure has been evaluated. • EM loads show a predominant total radial moment due to the high toroidal magnetic field (in comparison with the poloidal one). • A preliminary assessment of the primary stresses according the RCC-MRx code indicates the ability of the segments to resist the EM forces. - Abstract: This work is aimed to analyze the EM internal forces distribution on the blanket system (blankets modules and segment back supporting structure) of the EU PPPT DEMO 2015 reactor configuration. In order to validate their impact on the segment structure, an EM analysis is conducted using a simplified plasma central disruption. The calculated Lorentz’s forces distributions are then used as input for structural analyses focusing on the mechanical integrity of the segment back supporting structure. In particular, the electrical and structural assumptions used in this work are based on the HCPB blanket design developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. A preliminary assessment of the primary stresses according the design code RCC-MRx indicates the ability of the segments to resist the EM forces, where the lowest margin is given by the immediate plastic instability criterion on the inboard segment with 14%.

Cryo-EM Structure Determination Using Segmented Helical Image Reconstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Fromm, S A; Sachse, C

2016-01-01

Treating helices as single-particle-like segments followed by helical image reconstruction has become the method of choice for high-resolution structure determination of well-ordered helical viruses as well as flexible filaments. In this review, we will illustrate how the combination of latest hardware developments with optimized image processing routines have led to a series of near-atomic resolution structures of helical assemblies. Originally, the treatment of helices as a sequence of segments followed by Fourier-Bessel reconstruction revealed the potential to determine near-atomic resolution structures from helical specimens. In the meantime, real-space image processing of helices in a stack of single particles was developed and enabled the structure determination of specimens that resisted classical Fourier helical reconstruction and also facilitated high-resolution structure determination. Despite the progress in real-space analysis, the combination of Fourier and real-space processing is still commonly used to better estimate the symmetry parameters as the imposition of the correct helical symmetry is essential for high-resolution structure determination. Recent hardware advancement by the introduction of direct electron detectors has significantly enhanced the image quality and together with improved image processing procedures has made segmented helical reconstruction a very productive cryo-EM structure determination method. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Limited Structural Modification Results in a Significantly More Efficacious Diazachrysene-Based Filovirus Inhibitor

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Rekha G. Panchal

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Ebola (EBOV and Marburg (MARV filoviruses are highly infectious pathogens causing deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Promising vaccine candidates providing immunity against filoviruses have been reported. However, the sporadic nature and swift progression of filovirus disease underlines the need for the development of small molecule therapeutics providing immediate antiviral effects. Herein we describe a brief structural exploration of two previously reported diazachrysene (DAAC-based EBOV inhibitors. Specifically, three analogs were prepared to examine how slight substituent modifications would affect inhibitory efficacy and inhibitor-mediated toxicity during not only EBOV, but also MARV cellular infection. Of the three analogs, one was highly efficacious, providing IC₅₀ values of 0.696 µM ± 0.13 µM and 2.76 µM ± 0.21 µM against EBOV and MARV infection, respectively, with little or no associated cellular toxicity. Overall, the structure-activity and structure-toxicity results from this study provide a framework for the future development of DAAC-based filovirus inhibitors that will be both active and non-toxic in vivoem>.

THE SYLLABLE STRUCTURE IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE A Estrutura da Sílaba em Português Europeu

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Maria Helena Mateus

1998-02-01

Full Text Available The goal of this paper is to discuss the internal structure of the syllable in European Portuguese and to propose an algorithm for base syllabification. Due to the analysis of consonant clusters in onset position and the occurrence of epenthetic vowels, and considering the variation of the vowels in word initial position that occupy the syllable nucleus without an onset at the phonetic level, we assume that, in European Portuguese, the syllable is always constituted by an onset and a rhyme even though one of these constituents (but not both may be empty, that is, one of then may have no phonetic realisation.O objetivo deste artigo é o de discutir a estrutura interna da sílaba em Português Europeu e o de propor um algoritmo para a silabificação de base. Tendo en conta a análise dos grupos de consoantes que ocupam o lugar de ataque e a possibilidade de existência de vogais epentéticas que desfazem alguns desses grupos, e considerando, ainda, a variação de vogais em posição inicial de palavra que constituem núcleo de sílaba sem ataque no nível fonético, apresenta-se a hipótese de que a sílaba, em Português Europeu, é sempre constituída por um ataque e por uma rima, mesmo que um desses constituintes (mas não os dois seja vazio. Ou seja, um dos dois constituintes pode não ter realização fonética.

Sulla presenza di Sorex antinoriiem>, Neomys anomalusem> (Insectivora, Soricidae e Talpa caecaem> (Insectivora, Talpidae in Umbria

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A.M. Paci

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Lo scopo del contributo è di fornire un aggiornamento sulla presenza del Toporagno del Vallese Sorex antinoriiem>, del Toporagno acquatico di Miller Neomys anomalusem> e della Talpa cieca Talpa caecaem> in Umbria, dove le specie risultano accertate ormai da qualche anno. A tal fine sono stati rivisitati i reperti collezionati e la bibliografia conosciuta. Toporagno del Vallese: elevato di recente a livello di specie da Brünner et al. (2002, altrimenti considerato sottospecie del Toporagno comune (S. araneus antinoriiem>. È conservato uno di tre crani incompleti (mancano mandibole ed incisivi superiori al momento prudenzialmente riferiti a Sorex> cfr. antinorii>, provenienti dall?Appennino umbro-marchigiano settentrionale (dintorni di Scalocchio - PG, 590 m. s.l.m. e determinati sulla base della pigmentazione rossa degli ipoconi del M¹ e M²; Toporagno acquatico di Miller: tre crani (Breda in Paci e Romano op. cit. e un esemplare intero (Paci, ined. sono stati trovati a pochi chilometri di distanza gli uni dall?altro tra i comuni di Assisi e Valfabbrica, in ambienti mediocollinari limitrofi al Parco Regionale del M.te Subasio (Perugia. In provincia di Terni la specie viene segnalata da Isotti (op. cit. per i dintorni di Orvieto. Talpa cieca: sono noti una femmina e un maschio raccolti nel comune di Pietralunga (PG, rispettivamente in una conifereta a Pinus nigraem> (m. 630 s.l.m. e nelle vicinanze di un bosco misto collinare a prevalenza di Quercus cerrisem> (m. 640 s.l.m.. Recentemente un terzo individuo è stato rinvenuto nel comune di Sigillo (PG, all?interno del Parco Regionale di M.te Cucco, sul margine di una faggeta a 1100 m s.l.m. In entrambi i casi l?areale della specie è risultato parapatrico con quello di Talpa europaeaem>.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New N>-acylhydrazone Derivatives from Dehydroabietic Acid

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Wen Gu

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A series of new N>-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthesized in good yields through the reactions of dehydroabietic acid hydrazide with a variety of substituted arylaldehydes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. From the crystal structure of compound 4l, the C=N double bonds of these N>-acylhydrazones showed (E>-configuration, while the NMR data of compounds 4a–q indicated the existence of two rotamers for each compound in solution. The target compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against four microbial strains. The result suggested that several compounds exhibited pronounced antibacterial activities. Particularly, compound 4p exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusem> and Bacillus subtilisem> comparable to positive control. The possible antibacterial metabolism and the strategy for further optimization of this compound were also discussed.

A Study on GPU-based Iterative ML-EM Reconstruction Algorithm for Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging Systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ha, Woo Seok; Kim, Soo Mee; Park, Min Jae; Lee, Dong Soo; Lee, Jae Sung [Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2009-10-15

The maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) is the statistical reconstruction algorithm derived from probabilistic model of the emission and detection processes. Although the ML-EM has many advantages in accuracy and utility, the use of the ML-EM is limited due to the computational burden of iterating processing on a CPU (central processing unit). In this study, we developed a parallel computing technique on GPU (graphic processing unit) for ML-EM algorithm. Using Geforce 9800 GTX+ graphic card and CUDA (compute unified device architecture) the projection and backprojection in ML-EM algorithm were parallelized by NVIDIA's technology. The time delay on computations for projection, errors between measured and estimated data and backprojection in an iteration were measured. Total time included the latency in data transmission between RAM and GPU memory. The total computation time of the CPU- and GPU-based ML-EM with 32 iterations were 3.83 and 0.26 sec, respectively. In this case, the computing speed was improved about 15 times on GPU. When the number of iterations increased into 1024, the CPU- and GPU-based computing took totally 18 min and 8 sec, respectively. The improvement was about 135 times and was caused by delay on CPU-based computing after certain iterations. On the other hand, the GPU-based computation provided very small variation on time delay per iteration due to use of shared memory. The GPU-based parallel computation for ML-EM improved significantly the computing speed and stability. The developed GPU-based ML-EM algorithm could be easily modified for some other imaging geometries

A Study on GPU-based Iterative ML-EM Reconstruction Algorithm for Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging Systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ha, Woo Seok; Kim, Soo Mee; Park, Min Jae; Lee, Dong Soo; Lee, Jae Sung

2009-01-01

The maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) is the statistical reconstruction algorithm derived from probabilistic model of the emission and detection processes. Although the ML-EM has many advantages in accuracy and utility, the use of the ML-EM is limited due to the computational burden of iterating processing on a CPU (central processing unit). In this study, we developed a parallel computing technique on GPU (graphic processing unit) for ML-EM algorithm. Using Geforce 9800 GTX+ graphic card and CUDA (compute unified device architecture) the projection and backprojection in ML-EM algorithm were parallelized by NVIDIA's technology. The time delay on computations for projection, errors between measured and estimated data and backprojection in an iteration were measured. Total time included the latency in data transmission between RAM and GPU memory. The total computation time of the CPU- and GPU-based ML-EM with 32 iterations were 3.83 and 0.26 sec, respectively. In this case, the computing speed was improved about 15 times on GPU. When the number of iterations increased into 1024, the CPU- and GPU-based computing took totally 18 min and 8 sec, respectively. The improvement was about 135 times and was caused by delay on CPU-based computing after certain iterations. On the other hand, the GPU-based computation provided very small variation on time delay per iteration due to use of shared memory. The GPU-based parallel computation for ML-EM improved significantly the computing speed and stability. The developed GPU-based ML-EM algorithm could be easily modified for some other imaging geometries

Natural Products from Antarctic Colonial Ascidians of the Genera Aplidium> and Synoicum>: Variability and Defensive Role

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Conxita Avila

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Ascidians have developed multiple defensive strategies mostly related to physical, nutritional or chemical properties of the tunic. One of such is chemical defense based on secondary metabolites. We analyzed a series of colonial Antarctic ascidians from deep-water collections belonging to the genera Aplidium> and Synoicum> to evaluate the incidence of organic deterrents and their variability. The ether fractions from 15 samples including specimens of the species A.> falklandicum>, A.> fuegiense>, A.> meridianum>, A.> millari> and S.> adareanum> were subjected to feeding assays towards two relevant sympatric predators: the starfish Odontaster> validus>, and the amphipod Cheirimedon> femoratus>. All samples revealed repellency. Nonetheless, some colonies concentrated defensive chemicals in internal body-regions rather than in the tunic. Four ascidian-derived meroterpenoids, rossinones B and the three derivatives 2,3-epoxy-rossinone B, 3-epi-rossinone B, 5,6-epoxy-rossinone B, and the indole alkaloids meridianins A–G, along with other minoritary meridianin compounds were isolated from several samples. Some purified metabolites were tested in feeding assays exhibiting potent unpalatabilities, thus revealing their role in predation avoidance. Ascidian extracts and purified compound-fractions were further assessed in antibacterial tests against a marine Antarctic bacterium. Only the meridianins showed inhibition activity, demonstrating a multifunctional defensive role. According to their occurrence in nature and within our colonial specimens, the possible origin of both types of metabolites is discussed.

A structural dynamic factor model for the effects of monetary policy estimated by the EM algorithm

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bork, Lasse

This paper applies the maximum likelihood based EM algorithm to a large-dimensional factor analysis of US monetary policy. Specifically, economy-wide effects of shocks to the US federal funds rate are estimated in a structural dynamic factor model in which 100+ US macroeconomic and financial time...... series are driven by the joint dynamics of the federal funds rate and a few correlated dynamic factors. This paper contains a number of methodological contributions to the existing literature on data-rich monetary policy analysis. Firstly, the identification scheme allows for correlated factor dynamics...... as opposed to the orthogonal factors resulting from the popular principal component approach to structural factor models. Correlated factors are economically more sensible and important for a richer monetary policy transmission mechanism. Secondly, I consider both static factor loadings as well as dynamic...

Grouped fuzzy SVM with EM-based partition of sample space for clustered microcalcification detection.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Huiya; Feng, Jun; Wang, Hongyu

2017-07-20

Detection of clustered microcalcification (MC) from mammograms plays essential roles in computer-aided diagnosis for early stage breast cancer. To tackle problems associated with the diversity of data structures of MC lesions and the variability of normal breast tissues, multi-pattern sample space learning is required. In this paper, a novel grouped fuzzy Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm with sample space partition based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) (called G-FSVM) is proposed for clustered MC detection. The diversified pattern of training data is partitioned into several groups based on EM algorithm. Then a series of fuzzy SVM are integrated for classification with each group of samples from the MC lesions and normal breast tissues. From DDSM database, a total of 1,064 suspicious regions are selected from 239 mammography, and the measurement of Accuracy, True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR) and EVL = TPR* 1-FPR are 0.82, 0.78, 0.14 and 0.72, respectively. The proposed method incorporates the merits of fuzzy SVM and multi-pattern sample space learning, decomposing the MC detection problem into serial simple two-class classification. Experimental results from synthetic data and DDSM database demonstrate that our integrated classification framework reduces the false positive rate significantly while maintaining the true positive rate.

Allometric and Isometric variations in the Italian Apodemus sylvaticusem> and Apodemus flavicollisem> with respect to the conditions of allopatry and sympatry / Variazioni allometriche e isometriche in Apodemus sylvaticusem> e Apodemus flavicollisem> italiani, rispetto alle condizioni di allopatria e simpatria

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Giovanni Amori

1986-12-01

thickness and positively linked to skull length is allometric. The intraspecific comparison perhaps reflects a gradient of skull length, whereas the interspecific one a difference in size and thickness between A. sylvaticusem> and A. flavicollisem> skull. On the other hand it appears, from Filippucci et al. (1984 that the importance of genetical factors is highly dependent on the particular character examined and on the species under study. In such a manner, results which are ecologically rather similar could be obtained with different processes. Conversely, the isometry and allopatry of characters seems to depend on different ways from the taxonomical, evolutive and ecologica1 context taken into account. Namely, some characters seem to be more subject to the competitive pressure, others to the genera1 structural model of the species. On the other hand, it is not sure that competition can explain all the observed phenomena, some of which may have a multiple base. More research is needed in order to elucidate such casual aspects of observed phenomena. Riassunto Su Apodemus sylvaticusem> dell'Italia insulare e su A. sylvaticusem> ed Apodemus flavicollisem> dell'Italia peninsulare sono stati studiati alcuni caratteri cranici, evidenziandone l'isometria o l'allometria. Su detti caratteri sono stati verificati e discussi i modelli eco1ogici: variazione di nicchia, spostamento dei caratteri, convergenza fenotipica e parallelismo di caratteri in condizione di simpatria e/o allopatria.

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De novoem> prediction of structured RNAs from genomic sequences

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gorodkin, Jan; Hofacker, Ivo L.; Þórarinsson, Elfar

2010-01-01

currently available, because evolutionary conservation highlights functionally important regions. Conserved secondary structure, rather than primary sequence, is the hallmark of many functionally important RNAs, because compensatory substitutions in base-paired regions preserve structure. Unfortunately...

Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Callicarpa maingayiem> Stem Bark Extraction

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Mohammed Zidan

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Different biological methods are gaining recognition for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs due to their multiple applications. The use of plants in the green synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Callicarpa maingayi em>stem bark extract has been reported. Characterizations of nanoparticles were done using different methods, which include; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXF spectrometry, zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR spectroscopy. UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed absorption peak at around 456 nm. The TEM study showed that mean diameter and standard deviation for the formation of silver nanoparticles were 12.40 ± 3.27 nm. The XRD study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face centered cubic (fcc structure. The most needed outcome of this work will be the development of value added products from Callicarpa maingayi em>for biomedical and nanotechnology based industries.

Cultural Nationalism, Orientalism, Imperial Ambivalence: The Colored American Magazineem> and Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins

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Yu-Fang Cho

2011-12-01

Full Text Available
This essay examines African American novelist Pauline Hopkins’s deployment of the trope of respectable domesticity to contest black disenfranchisement in the context of African Americans’ ambivalent relationship to late-nineteenth-century US imperial expansion in the Asia Pacific. This essay analyzes Contending Forcesem> (1900 in relation to two crucial yet underexplored contexts: first, Hopkins’s commentaries on international race relations; second, African American intellectuals’ commentaries on US imperial ventures in the Asia Pacific and on Chinese immigration in the Colored American Magazineem>, where Hopkins’s fictional works were serialized. Situated within these contexts of comparative racialization, Hopkins’s works offer critical responses to the masculine nationalist representations of black–Asian relations, illuminating the divisive effects of nationalist identification on differentially racialized subjects, the uneven effects of marriage on the black community, and this institution’s structural ties to imperialism and to the color-based class hierarchy within the imagined black community—all of which call for radical reimagining of race relations beyond the nation form.

Holistic corpus-based dialectology Dialetologia holística baseada em corpus

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Benedikt Szmrecsanyi

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This paper is concerned with sketching future directions for corpus-based dialectology. We advocate a holistic approach to the study of geographically conditioned linguistic variability, and we present a suitable methodology, 'corpusbased dialectometry', in exactly this spirit. Specifically, we argue that in order to live up to the potential of the corpus-based method, practitioners need to (i abandon their exclusive focus on individual linguistic features in favor of the study of feature aggregates, (ii draw on computationally advanced multivariate analysis techniques (such as multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis, and (iii aid interpretation of empirical results by marshalling state-of-the-art data visualization techniques. To exemplify this line of analysis, we present a case study which explores joint frequency variability of 57 morphosyntax features in 34 dialects all over Great Britain.Este artigo debruça-se sobre o esboço propositivo de futuras direções para a dialetologia baseada em corpus. Defendemos uma abordagem holística para o estudo da variabilidade linguística geograficamente condicionada, e apresentamos uma metodologia adequada para tal - a dialetometria baseada em corpus. Mais especificamente, defendemos que para que se obtenham todos os resultados esperados da metodologia de corpus, pesquisadores devem: (i abandonar seu foco exclusivo em traços linguísticos individuais em favor do estudo dos agregados de traços, (ii amparar-se em métodos computacionais avançados de técnicas de análise multivariada (tais como escalagem multidimensional, análise de clusters, e análise de componente principal, e (iii auxiliar a interpretação de resultados empíricos através da utilização do estado da arte em técnicas de visualização. A fim de exemplificarmos essa linha de análise, apresentamos um estudo de caso que explora a variabilidade da frequência agregada de 57 tra

Tracking influence between naive Bayes models using score-based structure learning

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Ajoodha, R

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Current structure learning practices in Bayesian networks have been developed to learn the structure between observable variables and learning latent parameters independently. One exception establishes a variant of EM for learning the structure...

Multifunctional Material Structures Based on Laser-Etched Carbon Nanotube Arrays

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Aline Emplit

2014-09-01

Full Text Available High-power electronics in the transportation and aerospace sectors need size and weight reduction. Multifunctional and multistructured materials are currently being developed to couple electromagnetic (EM and thermal properties, i.e., shielding against electromagnetic impulsions, and thermal management across the thermal interface material (TIM. In this work, we investigate laser-machined patterned carbon nanotube (CNT micro-brushes as an alternative to metallic structures for driving simultaneously EM and heat propagation. The thermal and electromagnetic response of the CNT array is expected to be sensitive to the micro-structured pattern etched in the CNT brush.

Pharmacological Classification and Activity Evaluation of Furan and Thiophene Amide Derivatives Applying Semi-Empirical ab initioem> Molecular Modeling Methods

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Leszek Bober

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Pharmacological and physicochemical classification of the furan and thiophene amide derivatives by multiple regression analysis and partial least square (PLS based on semi-empirical ab initioem> molecular modeling studies and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC retention data is proposed. Structural parameters obtained from the PCM (Polarizable Continuum Model method and the literature values of biological activity (antiproliferative for the A431 cells expressed as LD₅₀ of the examined furan and thiophene derivatives was used to search for relationships. It was tested how variable molecular modeling conditions considered together, with or without HPLC retention data, allow evaluation of the structural recognition of furan and thiophene derivatives with respect to their pharmacological properties.

Introgression Between Cultivars and Wild Populations of Momordica charantiaem> L. (Cucurbitaceae in Taiwan

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Yu-Chung Chiang

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The landrace strains of Momordica charantia em>are widely cultivated vegetables throughout the tropics and subtropics, but not in Taiwan, a continental island in Southeast Asia, until a few hundred years ago. In contrast, the related wild populations with smaller fruit sizes are native to Taiwan. Because of the introduction of cultivars for agricultural purposes, these two accessions currently exhibit a sympatric or parapatric distribution in Taiwan. In this study, the cultivars em>and wild samples from Taiwan, India, and Korea em>were collected for testing of their hybridization and evolutionary patterns. The cpDNA marker showed a clear distinction between accessions of cultivars and wild populations of Taiwan and a long divergence time. In contrast, an analysis of eight selectively neutral nuclear microsatellite loci did not reveal a difference between the genetic structures of these two accessions. A relatively short divergence time and frequent but asymmetric gene flows were estimated based on the isolation-with-migration model. Historical and current introgression from cultivars to wild populations of Taiwan was also inferred using MIGRATE-n and BayesAss analyses. Our results showed that these two accessions shared abundant common ancestral polymorphisms, and the timing of the divergence and colonization of the Taiwanese wild populations is consistent with the geohistory of the Taiwan Strait land bridge of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM. Long-term and recurrent introgression between accessions indicated the asymmetric capacity to receive foreign genes from other accessions. The modern introduction of cultivars of M>. charantia> during the colonization of Taiwan by the Han Chinese ethnic group enhanced the rate of gene replacement in the native populations and resulted in the loss of native genes.

Psiquiatria baseada em evidências Evidence-based psychiatry

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Maurício S de Lima

2000-09-01

Full Text Available Em psiquiatria, observa-se grande variabilidade de práticas clínicas, muitas vezes desnecessária. Essas variações podem estar relacionadas à ausência de evidência científica confiável ou ao desconhecimento das evidências de boa qualidade disponíveis. A medicina baseada em evidências (MBE é uma combinação de estratégias que busca assegurar que o cuidado individual do paciente seja baseado na melhor informação disponível, a qual deve ser incorporada à prática clínica. Neste artigo, conceitos de MBE são discutidos com relação a aspectos e desafios no tratamento de pacientes com distimia, bulimia nervosa e esquizofrenia. A partir de resultados de três revisões sistemáticas recentemente publicadas, conclui-se que a prática de psiquiatria baseada em evidências acrescenta qualidade à prática psiquiátrica tradicional.The unnecessary variability often seen in the clinical practice can be related to both the absence of reliable evidence and unawareness of the existence of good quality evidence. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM is a set of linked strategies designed to assist clinicians in keeping themselves up-to-date with the best available evidence. Such evidence must be incorporated into the clinical practice. EBM concepts are discussed here through common aspects and challenges doctors face when treating patients with dysthymia, bulimia nervosa, and schizophrenia. In the light of some results from three systematic reviews it is concluded that Evidence-Based Psychiatry strategies, rather than replacing the traditional ones, may be a valuable tool to improving quality in a good clinical practice.

Base eletronica de dados clinicos e cirurgicos em isquemia cronica de membros inferiores

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Carlos Seme Nejm Junior

2013-09-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Um sistema eletrônico de protocolo seria capaz de armazenar dados clínicos e possibilitar futuras pesquisas, visando a rapidez, eficiência de cruzamentos e análise de tais dados. OBJETIVO: a criar uma base de dados clínicos cirúrgicos em doenças vasculares e, a partir desta, uma base em Isquemia Crônica de Membros Inferiores; b informatizar essa base sob forma de um protocolo eletrônico; c incorporar ao SINPE(c (Sistema Integrado de Protocolos Eletrônicos; d realizar um projeto piloto. MÉTODOS: Criou-se uma base teórica de dados clínicos sobre as doenças vasculares. O protocolo específico foi criado considerando-se as características individuais das doenças causadoras de Isquemia Crônica de Membros Inferiores. Após seu término, essa base eletrônica e informatizada seria incorporada ao SINPE(c. RESULTADOS: O usuário, previamente cadastrado, realizará o cadastro do paciente e selecionará, dentro do protocolo mestre, o protocolo específico em Isquemia Crônica de Membros Inferiores, para acesso aos seus respectivos dados clínicos. Orientado pelas alternativas diretas de preenchimento, o usuário seleciona apenas os dados pertencentes ao seu paciente. Estes podem ser resgatados para pesquisa, mostrando o número de coletas que satisfazem os parâmetros escolhidos e informações estatísticas sobre a mesma. CONCLUSÃO: a a criação da base teórica de dados clínicos e cirúrgicos em doenças vasculares e, a partir desta, em Isquemia Crônica de Membros Inferiores, foi factível; b a informatização da base teórica sob forma de protocolo eletrônico foi exequível; c o protocolo eletrônico mestre e específico poderá ser incorporado ao SINPE(c, d o projeto piloto foi criado com sucesso e testado através do módulo analisador do SINPE(c.

Yellow fluorescent protein phiYFPv (Phialidium): structure and structure-based mutagenesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pletneva, Nadya V.; Pletnev, Vladimir Z., E-mail: vzpletnev@gmail.com; Souslova, Ekaterina; Chudakov, Dmitry M. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation); Lukyanov, Sergey [Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation); Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Martynov, Vladimir I.; Arhipova, Svetlena; Artemyev, Igor [Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation); Wlodawer, Alexander [National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 (United States); Dauter, Zbigniew [National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Pletnev, Sergei [National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); SAIC-Frederick, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2013-06-01

The yellow fluorescent protein phiYFPv with improved folding has been developed from the spectrally identical wild-type phiYFP found in the marine jellyfish Phialidium. The yellow fluorescent protein phiYFPv (λ{sub em}{sup max} ≃ 537 nm) with improved folding has been developed from the spectrally identical wild-type phiYFP found in the marine jellyfish Phialidium. The latter fluorescent protein is one of only two known cases of naturally occurring proteins that exhibit emission spectra in the yellow–orange range (535–555 nm). Here, the crystal structure of phiYFPv has been determined at 2.05 Å resolution. The ‘yellow’ chromophore formed from the sequence triad Thr65-Tyr66-Gly67 adopts the bicyclic structure typical of fluorophores emitting in the green spectral range. It was demonstrated that perfect antiparallel π-stacking of chromophore Tyr66 and the proximal Tyr203, as well as Val205, facing the chromophore phenolic ring are chiefly responsible for the observed yellow emission of phiYFPv at 537 nm. Structure-based site-directed mutagenesis has been used to identify the key functional residues in the chromophore environment. The obtained results have been utilized to improve the properties of phiYFPv and its homologous monomeric biomarker tagYFP.

Variabilità morfologica ed ecologica in Neomys fodiensem> e Neomys anomalusem> nell'Appennino settentrionale

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Dino Scaravelli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available I due Neomys> italiani sono ancora da chiarire dal punto di vista della loro caratterizzazione morfologica e ecologica. Il lavoro prende in considerazione un campione di entrambe le specie proveniente da habitat forestali dell?Appennino settentrionale per i quali sono stati identificati i principali parametri ambientali. Vengono quindi descritte la variabilità dei tratti morfologici delle due specie in aree localizzate nel Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna nell?Appennino tosco-romagnolo. Risultano di sicuro effetto discriminatorio la maschera facciale, il rapporto piede posteriore/coda e i caratteri cranici. Sulla base dei criteri identificativi si sono realizzate rilevazioni di misure corporee per le due specie e una comparazione degli habitat utilizzati. N. fodiensem> appare unica specie nelle faggete-abetine e dominante nei castagneti, mentre nell?Ontaneta e nelle zone aperte e termofile si registra la sola presenza di N. anomalusem>. Mancano entrambi nei prati cespugliati, nella pecceta e nella cerreta. I gradienti presenti sono quindi illustrati. Non appare una differenza altitudinale nel campione esaminato, posto in stazioni tra i 400 e i 1300 m, ma per entrambe vi sono maggiori riscontri nella fascia tra 700 e 850 m. Nell?analisi multivariata rispetto alle altre specie e alle variabili ambientali si riscontra sempre una discreta correlazione con la presenza di acqua di una certa ampiezza, che comunque è significativa solo per N. fodiensem>, mentre risulta di interesse la positiva correlazione di N. anomalusem> con Apodemus sylvaticusem>.

CryoEM structures of two spliceosomal complexes: starter and dessert at the spliceosome feast.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Thi Hoang Duong; Galej, Wojciech P; Fica, Sebastian M; Lin, Pei-Chun; Newman, Andrew J; Nagai, Kiyoshi

2016-02-01

The spliceosome is formed on pre-mRNA substrates from five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs), and numerous non-snRNP factors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP comprises U5 snRNA, U4/U6 snRNA duplex and approximately 30 proteins and represents a substantial part of the spliceosome before activation. Schizosaccharomyces pombe U2.U6.U5 spliceosomal complex is a post-catalytic intron lariat spliceosome containing U2 and U5 snRNPs, NTC (nineteen complex), NTC-related proteins (NTR), U6 snRNA, and an RNA intron lariat. Two recent papers describe near-complete atomic structures of these complexes based on cryoEM single-particle analysis. The U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP structure provides crucial insight into the activation mechanism of the spliceosome. The U2.U6.U5 complex reveals the striking architecture of NTC and NTR and important features of the group II intron-like catalytic RNA core remaining after spliced mRNA is released. These two structures greatly advance our understanding of the mechanism of pre-mRNA splicing. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Parasitic zoonoses: survey in foxes (Vulpes vulpesem> in the northern Apennines / Zoonosi parassitarie: indagini in volpi (Vulpes vulpesem> dell'Appennino settentrionale

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Vittorio Guberti

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract A parasitological survey on 153 foxes was carried out in the northern Apennines, during the period 1984-1987. The following parasites were identified: Toxocara canisem> (46.4%, Taenia> sp. (17%, Uncinaria stenocephalaem> (11.8%, Mesocestoides lineatusem> (11.1%, Ancylostoma caninumem> (3.9%, Taenia hydatigenaem> (3.3%, Trichuris vulpisem> (3.3%, Dipylidium caninumem> (2.6%, Taenia crassicepsem> (2%. All foxes were negative for Trichinella> sp. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate differences in the parasitic fauna according to the sex and age classes of the hosts. The role that the fox could have as a reservoir of helminthic zoonoses is discussed. The results are compared with those of similar studies carried out in Italy. Riassunto Nel periodo 1984-1987 è stata condotta un'indagine parassitologica su 153 volpi abbattute nell'Appennino romagnolo. Sono stati reperiti i seguenti parassiti: Toxocara canisem> (46,4%, Taenia> sp. (17%, Uncinaria stenocephalaem> (11,8%, Mesocestoides lineatusem> (11,1%, Ancylostoma caninumem> (3,9%, Taenia hydatigenaem> (3,3%, Trichuris vulpisem> (3,3%, Dipylidium caninumem> (2,6%, Taenia crassicepsem> (2%. Tutte le volpi esaminate sono risultate negative per Trichinella> sp. È stata effettuata l'analisi statistica dei dati per evidenziare eventuali differenze della fauna parassitaria in relazione al sesso e all'età delle volpi. Sulla base dei dati ottenuti viene discussa l'importanza che la Volpe può assumere come serbatoio di zoonosi elmintiche. I risultati acquisiti sono inoltre comparati con quelli ottenuti in analoghe ricerche condotte in Italia.

Synthesis and Sensory Evaluation of ent>-Kaurane Diterpene Glycosides

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Venkata Sai Prakash Chaturvedula

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Catalytic hydrogenation of the three ent>-kaurane diterpene glycosides isolated from Stevia rebaudianaem>, namely rubusoside, stevioside, and rebaudioside-A has been carried out using Pd(OH₂ and their corresponding dihydro derivatives have been isolated as the products. Synthesis of reduced steviol glycosides was performed using straightforward chemistry and their structures were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data and chemical studies. Also, we report herewith the sensory evaluation of all the reduced compounds against their corresponding original steviol glycosides and sucrose for the sweetness property of these molecules.

Evaluation of HER2em> Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Nuclei Microarray in em>S>itu em>Hybridization

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Xuefeng Zhang

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Fluorescence em>>in situ em>hybridization (FISH assay is considered the “gold standard” in evaluating HER2/neu (HER2em> gene status. However, FISH detection is costly and time consuming. Thus, we established nuclei microarray with extracted intact nuclei from paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues for FISH detection. The nuclei microarray FISH (NMFISH technology serves as a useful platform for analyzing HER2em> gene/chromosome 17 centromere ratio. We examined HER2em> gene status in 152 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast that were resected surgically with FISH and NMFISH. HER2em> gene amplification status was classified according to the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP. Comparison of the cut-off values for HER2em>/chromosome 17 centromere copy number ratio obtained by NMFISH and FISH showed that there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods (κ coefficient 0.920. The results of the two methods were almost consistent for the evaluation of HER2em> gene counts. The present study proved that NMFISH is comparable with FISH for evaluating HER2em> gene status. The use of nuclei microarray technology is highly efficient, time and reagent conserving and inexpensive.

Neonatal Phosphate Nutrition Alters in em>Vivo> and in em>Vitro> Satellite Cell Activity in Pigs

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Chad H. Stahl

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Satellite cell activity is necessary for postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Severe phosphate (PO₄ deficiency can alter satellite cell activity, however the role of neonatal PO₄ nutrition on satellite cell biology remains obscure. Twenty-one piglets (1 day of age, 1.8 ± 0.2 kg BW were pair-fed liquid diets that were either PO₄ adequate (0.9% total P, supra-adequate (1.2% total P in PO₄ requirement or deficient (0.7% total P in PO₄ content for 12 days. Body weight was recorded daily and blood samples collected every 6 days. At day 12, pigs were orally dosed with BrdU and 12 h later, satellite cells were isolated. Satellite cells were also cultured in vitroem> for 7 days to determine if PO₄ nutrition alters their ability to proceed through their myogenic lineage. Dietary PO₄ deficiency resulted in reduced (P> < 0.05 sera PO₄ and parathyroid hormone (PTH concentrations, while supra-adequate dietary PO₄ improved (P> < 0.05 feed conversion efficiency as compared to the PO₄ adequate group. In vivoem> satellite cell proliferation was reduced (P> < 0.05 among the PO₄ deficient pigs, and these cells had altered in vitroem> expression of markers of myogenic progression. Further work to better understand early nutritional programming of satellite cells and the potential benefits of emphasizing early PO₄ nutrition for future lean growth potential is warranted.

Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites from the Cave Sponge Xestospongia em>sp.

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Sridevi Ankisetty

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Chemical investigation of the cave sponge Xestospongia em>sp. resulted in the isolation of three new polyacetylenic long chain compounds along with two known metabolites. The structures of the new metabolites were established by NMR and MS analyses. The antibacterial activity of the new metabolites was also evaluated.

FitEM2EM--tools for low resolution study of macromolecular assembly and dynamics.

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Ziv Frankenstein

Full Text Available Studies of the structure and dynamics of macromolecular assemblies often involve comparison of low resolution models obtained using different techniques such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy. We present new computational tools for comparing (matching and docking of low resolution structures, based on shape complementarity. The matched or docked objects are represented by three dimensional grids where the value of each grid point depends on its position with regard to the interior, surface or exterior of the object. The grids are correlated using fast Fourier transformations producing either matches of related objects or docking models depending on the details of the grid representations. The procedures incorporate thickening and smoothing of the surfaces of the objects which effectively compensates for differences in the resolution of the matched/docked objects, circumventing the need for resolution modification. The presented matching tool FitEM2EMin successfully fitted electron microscopy structures obtained at different resolutions, different conformers of the same structure and partial structures, ranking correct matches at the top in every case. The differences between the grid representations of the matched objects can be used to study conformation differences or to characterize the size and shape of substructures. The presented low-to-low docking tool FitEM2EMout ranked the expected models at the top.

Cryo-EM Structure of the TOM Core Complex from Neurospora crassa.

Science.gov (United States)

Bausewein, Thomas; Mills, Deryck J; Langer, Julian D; Nitschke, Beate; Nussberger, Stephan; Kühlbrandt, Werner

2017-08-10

The TOM complex is the main entry gate for protein precursors from the cytosol into mitochondria. We have determined the structure of the TOM core complex by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). The complex is a 148 kDa symmetrical dimer of ten membrane protein subunits that create a shallow funnel on the cytoplasmic membrane surface. In the core of the dimer, the β-barrels of the Tom40 pore form two identical preprotein conduits. Each Tom40 pore is surrounded by the transmembrane segments of the α-helical subunits Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7. Tom22, the central preprotein receptor, connects the two Tom40 pores at the dimer interface. Our structure offers detailed insights into the molecular architecture of the mitochondrial preprotein import machinery. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Pesquisa em Contabilidade Gerencial com Base no Futuro Realizada no Brasil

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Ilse Maria Beuren

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetiva identificar temas que serão abordados no futuro em pesquisas de contabilidade gerencial, considerando-se a terceira metodologia de contabilidade gerencial proposta no estudo de Laitinen (2003, denominada de “Pesquisa em contabilidade gerencial com base no futuro”. Pesquisa descritiva foi realizada com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de questionário aplicado aos professores da área gerencial dos programas de pós-graduação em ciências contábeis do Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a função atual da contabilidade gerencial está focalizada no uso de recursos e na criação de valor. A tendência da contabilidade gerencial na opinião dos respondentes é a criação de valor. Prevêem que a contabilidade gerencial utilizará sistemas com dados monetários e não monetários, métodos de mensuração/avaliação e medidas de desempenho, filosofias e modelos de gestão. Como artefatos de contabilidade gerencial que serão mais utilizados apontaram: custeio variável, preço de transferência, retorno sobre o investimento e orçamento. Em relação à contabilidade financeira, acreditam em preponderância centrada na informação sobre produtos, projetos e planos de negócios.

Influence of stiffness in bolted connections in wooden plane structure of truss type Influência da rigidez de ligações parafusadas em estruturas planas de madeira do tipo treliça

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André L. Christoforo

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Trusses are structural systems commonly used in projects, being employed mainly in roof structures, present in most rural buildings. The design of trusses, as well as other structural systems, requires the determination of displacements, strains and stresses. However, the project is developed from an ideal model of calculation, considering free rotation between the elements of a connection. This paper presents a computer program for the analysis of bidimensional wooden trusses with connections formed with two screws per node. The formulation is based on the flexibility method, taking into account the influence of the effect of semi-rigid connections formed by two screws. An example of a structure is presented and analyzed by the program developed here, highlighting the importance of behavior analysis on semi-rigid connections.Treliças são sistemas estruturais comumente utilizados em projetos, empregadas principalmente em estruturas de cobertura, presentes na maioria das construções rurais. O dimensionamento de treliças, assim como o de outros sistemas estruturais, requer a determinação dos deslocamentos, esforços, tensões e deformações atuantes em seus elementos constituintes. O cálculo é desenvolvido com base em um modelo ideal, considerando-se o giro livre entre os elementos componentes de uma ligação. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar um programa computacional destinado à análise de treliças planas de madeira com ligações formadas com dois parafusos por nó. A formulação é fundamentada no Método da Flexibilidade, levando-se em consideração a influência do efeito semirrígido das ligações formadas por dois parafusos. Um exemplo de estrutura auxiliar de cobertura é apresentado e analisado pelo programa desenvolvido, evidenciando-se a importância da análise do comportamento semirrígido sobre as ligações.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid Using Ionic Liquid Solution from Rosmarinus officinalisem>>

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Chunjian Zhao

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Ionic liquid based, ultrasound-assisted extraction was successfully applied to the extraction of phenolcarboxylic acids, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, from Rosmarinus officinalisem>. Eight ionic liquids, with different cations and anions, were investigated in this work and [C₈mim]Br was selected as the optimal solvent. Ultrasound extraction parameters, including soaking time, solid–liquid ratio, ultrasound power and time, and the number of extraction cycles, were discussed by single factor experiments and the main influence factors were optimized by response surface methodology. The proposed approach was demonstrated as having higher efficiency, shorter extraction time and as a new alternative for the extraction of carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid from R. officinalisem>> em>compared with traditional reference extraction methods. Ionic liquids are considered to be green solvents, in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of key chemicals from medicinal plants, and show great potential.

Cultivo de Oncidium baueri Lindley (Orchidaceae) em substratos a base de coco

OpenAIRE

Assis,Adriane Marinho de; Faria,Ricardo Tadeu de; Unemoto,Lilian Keiko; Colombo,Larissa Abgariani

2008-01-01

Entre os substratos utilizados no cultivo de orquídeas, a fibra de coco vem se destacando como promissor substituto do xaxim, material utilizado por muitos produtores e colecionadores de orquídeas, porém ameaçado de extinção. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, foi avaliar a eficiência de substratos à base de coco, no cultivo da orquídea Oncidium baueri. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos de polipropileno, permanecendo em viveiro com 50% de luminosidade. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de xaxim desf...

Protein 3D Structure and Electron Microscopy Map Retrieval Using 3D-SURFER2.0 and EM-SURFER.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Xusi; Wei, Qing; Kihara, Daisuke

2017-12-08

With the rapid growth in the number of solved protein structures stored in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB), it is essential to develop tools to perform real-time structure similarity searches against the entire structure database. Since conventional structure alignment methods need to sample different orientations of proteins in the three-dimensional space, they are time consuming and unsuitable for rapid, real-time database searches. To this end, we have developed 3D-SURFER and EM-SURFER, which utilize 3D Zernike descriptors (3DZD) to conduct high-throughput protein structure comparison, visualization, and analysis. Taking an atomic structure or an electron microscopy map of a protein or a protein complex as input, the 3DZD of a query protein is computed and compared with the 3DZD of all other proteins in PDB or EMDB. In addition, local geometrical characteristics of a query protein can be analyzed using VisGrid and LIGSITE CSC in 3D-SURFER. This article describes how to use 3D-SURFER and EM-SURFER to carry out protein surface shape similarity searches, local geometric feature analysis, and interpretation of the search results. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A prática clínica baseada em evidências: parte I - questões clínicas bem construídas Evidence based clinical practice: part I - well structured clinical questions

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Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Na prática diária as decisões tomadas para resolver o problema do paciente são usualmente baseadas na aplicação consciente da informação avaliável por regras explicitamente definidas. A prática clínica baseada em evidências leva em consideração o reconhecimento dos conhecimentos explícitos e tácitos, entendendo que é impossível tornar explícito todos os aspectos da competência profissional. A dúvida passa a fazer parte do processo de decisão, inicialmente na identificação dos componentes inconscientes envolvidos, e em seguida na análise do conhecimento explícito utilizado nesse processo. Ao elaborarmos uma questão clínica estruturada e que possa ser respondida, devemos lembrar que essa dúvida pode estar relacionada a aspectos básicos e de definição da doença ou relacionada ao atendimento do paciente, como em diagnóstico, terapêutica ou prognóstico. Ao longo de nossa vida médica, ambos os tipos de questões estão presentes, variando na proporção em que nossa experiência aumenta à medida do tempo de prática clínica. O processo de encontrar resposta apropriada à dúvida surgida no atendimento depende da forma como estruturamos as partes deste processo. A forma preconizada é conhecida pela sigla PICO. formada por P de paciente ou população, I de intervenção ou indicador, C de comparação ou controle e O de "outcome", que na língua inglesa significa desfecho clínico, resultado, ou por fim, a resposta que se espera encontrar nas fontes de informação científica. Esta é a primeira condição básica para que a nossa busca possa ser bem sucedida, a segunda é encontrar as palavras-chaves que melhor descrevem cada uma destas quatro características da questão. Sem estes cuidados as pesquisas em bases de dados informatizadas costuma resultar em ausência de informação ou em quantidade muito grande de informação que não está relacionada com o nosso interesse.Clinical decisions in daily practice

A prática clínica baseada em evidências. Parte I: questões clínicas bem construídas Evidence based clinical practice. Part 1: well structured clinical questions

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Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Na prática diária as decisões tomadas para resolver o problema do paciente são usualmente baseadas na aplicação consciente da informação avaliável por regras explicitamente definidas. A prática clínica baseada em evidências leva em consideração o reconhecimento dos conhecimentos explícitos e tácitos, entendendo que é impossível tornar explícito todos os aspectos da competência profissional. A dúvida passa a fazer parte do processo de decisão, inicialmente na identificação dos componentes inconscientes envolvidos, e em seguida na análise do conhecimento explícito utilizado nesse processo. Ao elaborarmos uma questão clínica estruturada e que possa ser respondida, devemos lembrar que essa dúvida pode estar relacionada a aspectos básicos e de definição da doença ou relacionada ao atendimento do paciente, como em diagnóstico, terapêutica ou prognóstico. Ao longo de nossa vida médica, ambos os tipos de questões estão presentes, variando na proporção em que nossa experiência aumenta à medida do tempo de prática clínica. O processo de encontrar resposta apropriada à dúvida surgida no atendimento depende da forma como estruturamos as partes deste processo. A forma preconizada é conhecida pela sigla PICO. formada por P de paciente ou população, I de intervenção ou indicador, C de comparação ou controle e O de "outcome", que na língua inglesa significa desfecho clínico, resultado, ou por fim, a resposta que se espera encontrar nas fontes de informação científica. Esta é a primeira condição básica para que a nossa busca possa ser bem sucedida, a segunda é encontrar as palavras-chaves que melhor descrevem cada uma destas quatro características da questão. Sem estes cuidados as pesquisas em bases de dados informatizadas costuma resultar em ausência de informação ou em quantidade muito grande de informação que não está relacionada com o nosso interesse.Clinical decisions in daily practice

Primed for Discovery: Atomic-Resolution Cryo-EM Structure of a Reovirus Entry Intermediate

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Shane D. Trask

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A recently solved structure of the aquareovirus virion (Zhang, X; Jin, L.; Fang, Q; Hui, W.H.; Zhou Z.H. 3.3 Å Cryo-EM Structure of a Nonenveloped Virus Reveals a Priming Mechanism for Cell Entry. Cell 2010, 141, 472-482 [1] provides new insights into the order of entry events, as well as confirming and refining several aspects of the entry mechanism, for aquareovirus and the related orthoreovirus. In particular, the structure provides evidence of a defined order for the progressive proteolytic cleavages of myristoylated penetration protein VP5 that prime the virion for membrane penetration. These observations reinforce the concept that, much like enveloped viruses, nonenveloped virions often undergo priming events that lead to a meta-stable state, preparing the virus for membrane penetration under the appropriate circumstances. In addition, this and other recent studies highlight the increasing power of electron cryomicroscopy to analyze large, geometrically regular structures, such as icosahedral viruses, at atomic resolution.

Reference Gene Selection in the Desert Plant Eremosparton songoricuem>m>

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Dao-Yuan Zhang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Eremosparton songoricum em>(Litv. Vass. (E. songoricumem> is a rare and extremely drought-tolerant desert plant that holds promise as a model organism for the identification of genes associated with water deficit stress. Here, we cloned and evaluated the expression of eight candidate reference genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions. The expression of these candidate reference genes was analyzed in a diverse set of 20 samples including various E. songoricumem> plant tissues exposed to multiple environmental stresses. GeNorm analysis indicated that expression stability varied between the reference genes in the different experimental conditions, but the two most stable reference genes were sufficient for normalization in most conditions. EsEFem> and Esα-TUB> were sufficient for various stress conditions, EsEF> and EsACT> were suitable for samples of differing germination stages, and EsGAPDH>and Es>UBQ em>were most stable across multiple adult tissue samples. The Es18Sem> gene was unsuitable as a reference gene in our analysis. In addition, the expression level of the drought-stress related transcription factor EsDREB2em>> em>verified the utility of E. songoricumem> reference genes and indicated that no single gene was adequate for normalization on its own. This is the first systematic report on the selection of reference genes in E. songoricumem>, and these data will facilitate future work on gene expression in this species.

Pigmentantes naturais em rações à base de sorgo para codornas japonesas em postura Natural pigments on sorghum-based rations for laying Japanese quails

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Adolpho Marlon Antoniol de Moura

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar os efeitos do uso de pigmentantes naturais e extratos de marigold e páprica em rações à base de sorgo para codornas japonesas. Foram utilizadas 180 codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica, com 98 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, composto por cinco tratamentos e seis repetições com seis aves cada. O experimento foi dividido em seis períodos de quatro dias, totalizando 24 dias. Foram analisados o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos das codornas. A cor da gema foi avaliada a cada quatro dias durante 24 dias pelo método do escore colorimétrico DSM. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos das codornas, à exceção da cor da gema. O extrato de marigold proporcionou escore colorimétrico da gema equivalente ao das aves alimentadas com milho. A suplementação associada dos extratos de marigold e páprica proporcionou maior escore colorimétrico e em menor tempo. A utilização de pigmentantes naturais deve ser analisada considerando o escore colorimétrico que se deseja obter e o custo da suplementação de cada fonte comercial.The objective was to evaluate the effects of natural pigments from marigold extract and paprika to Japanese quails fed sorghum-based diets. One hundred and eight Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica, with 98 days of age were distributed in a complete randomized design in a split plot arrangement, with five treatments and six replicates of six birds each. The experiment was divided into six periods of four days each, totaling 24 days. Parameters productive performance and quail egg quality were evaluated. Yolk color was evaluated every 4 days for 24 days by the DSM colorimetric score method. There was no effect of experimental diets on performance or quality of quail egg, except for egg yolk color. The extract of marigold promoted yolk color scores equivalent to those

Cryo-EM structures of the mammalian endo-lysosomal TRPML1 channel elucidate the combined regulation mechanism

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Sensen Zhang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract TRPML1 channel is a non-selective group-2 transient receptor potential (TRP channel with Ca2+ permeability. Located mainly in late endosome and lysosome of all mammalian cell types, TRPML1 is indispensable in the processes of endocytosis, membrane trafficking, and lysosome biogenesis. Mutations of TRPML1 cause a severe lysosomal storage disorder called mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV. In the present study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM structures of Mus musculus TRPML1 (mTRPML1 in lipid nanodiscs and Amphipols. Two distinct states of mTRPML1 in Amphipols are added to the closed state, on which could represent two different confirmations upon activation and regulation. The polycystin-mucolipin domain (PMD may sense the luminal/extracellular stimuli and undergo a “move upward” motion during endocytosis, thus triggering the overall conformational change in TRPML1. Based on the structural comparisons, we propose TRPML1 is regulated by pH, Ca2+, and phosphoinositides in a combined manner so as to accommodate the dynamic endocytosis process.

Echolocation calls and morphology in the Mehelyi’s (Rhinolophus mehelyiem> and mediterranean (R. euryaleem> horseshoe bats: implications for resource partitioning

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Egoitz Salsamendi

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Rhinolophus euryaleem> and R. mehelyiem> are morphologically very similar species and their distributions overlap extensively in the Mediterranean basin. We modelled their foraging behaviour using echolocation calls and wing morphology and, assuming niche segregation occurs between the two species, we explored how it is shaped by these factors. Resting frequency of echolocation calls was recorded and weight, forearm length, wing loading, aspect ratio and wing tip shape index were measured. R. mehelyiem> showed a significantly higher resting frequency than R. euryaleem>, but differences are deemed insufficient for dietary niche segregation. Weight and forearm length were significantly larger in R. mehelyiem>. The higher values of aspect ratio and wing loading and a lower value of wing tip shape index in R. melehyiem> restrict its flight manoeuvrability and agility. Therefore, the flight ability of R. mehelyiem> may decrease as habitat complexity increases. Thus, the principal mechanism for resource partitioning seems to be based on differing habitat use arising from differences in wing morphology. Riassunto Ecolocalizzazione e morfologia nei rinolofi di Mehely (Rhinolophus mehelyiem> e euriale (R. euryaleem>: implicazioni nella segregazione delle risorse trofiche. Rhinolophus euryaleem> e R. mehelyiem> sono specie morfologicamente molto simili, la cui distribuzione risulta largamente coincidente in area mediterranea. Il comportamento di foraggiamento delle due specie è stato analizzato in funzione delle caratteristiche dei segnali di ecolocalizzazione e della morfologia alare, ed è stata valutata l’incidenza di questi fattori nell’ipotesi di una segregazione delle nicchie. È stata rilevata la frequenza a riposo dei segnali ultrasonori, così come il peso, la lunghezza dell’avambraccio, il carico alare, e due

Analysis of Hybrid-Integrated High-Speed Electro-Absorption Modulated Lasers Based on EM/Circuit Co-simulation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johansen, Tom Keinicke; Krozer, Viktor; Kazmierski, C.

2009-01-01

An improved electromagnetic simulation (EM) based approach has been developed for optimization of the electrical to optical (E/O) transmission properties of integrated electro-absorption modulated lasers (EMLs) aiming at 100 Gbit/s Ethernet applications. Our approach allows for an accurate analysis...... of the EML performance in a hybrid microstrip assembly. The established EM-based approach provides a design methodology for the future hybrid integration of the EML with its driving electronics....

Cryo-EM structure of isomeric molluscan hemocyanin triggered by viral infection.

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Hongtao Zhu

Full Text Available Hemocyanins (Hcs of arthropods and mollusks function not only as oxygen transporters, but also as phenoloxidases (POs. In invertebrates, PO is an important component in the innate immune cascade, where it functions as the initiator of melanin synthesis, a pigment involved in encapsulating and killing of pathogenic microbes. Although structures of Hc from several species of invertebrates have been reported, the structural basis for how PO activity is triggered by structural changes of Hc in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we report a 6.8 Å cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM structure of the isomeric form of hemocyanin, which was isolated from Abalone Shriveling syndrome-associated Virus (AbSV infected abalone (Halitotis diversicolor, and build a pseudoatomic model of isomeric H. diversicolor hemocyanin 1 (HdH1. Our results show that, compared with native form of HdH1, the architecture of isomeric HdH1 turns into a more relaxed form. The interactions between certain functional units (FUs present in the native form of Hc either decreased or were totally abolished in the isomeric form of Hc. As a result of that, native state Hc switches to its isomeric form, enabling it to play its role in innate immune responses against invading pathogens.

Kalman filter-based EM-optical sensor fusion for needle deflection estimation.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Baichuan; Gao, Wenpeng; Kacher, Daniel; Nevo, Erez; Fetics, Barry; Lee, Thomas C; Jayender, Jagadeesan

2018-04-01

In many clinical procedures such as cryoablation that involves needle insertion, accurate placement of the needle's tip at the desired target is the major issue for optimizing the treatment and minimizing damage to the neighboring anatomy. However, due to the interaction force between the needle and tissue, considerable error in intraoperative tracking of the needle tip can be observed as needle deflects. In this paper, measurements data from an optical sensor at the needle base and a magnetic resonance (MR) gradient field-driven electromagnetic (EM) sensor placed 10 cm from the needle tip are used within a model-integrated Kalman filter-based sensor fusion scheme. Bending model-based estimations and EM-based direct estimation are used as the measurement vectors in the Kalman filter, thus establishing an online estimation approach. Static tip bending experiments show that the fusion method can reduce the mean error of the tip position estimation from 29.23 mm of the optical sensor-based approach to 3.15 mm of the fusion-based approach and from 39.96 to 6.90 mm, at the MRI isocenter and the MRI entrance, respectively. This work established a novel sensor fusion scheme that incorporates model information, which enables real-time tracking of needle deflection with MRI compatibility, in a free-hand operating setup.

O Mestrado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia da UFPel baseado em consórcio de pesquisa: uma experiência inovadora UFPel's epidemiology MSc program based on research consortium: an innovative experience

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Aluísio J. D. Barros

2008-05-01

Full Text Available O Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia da UFPel realizou um intenso trabalho de auto-avaliação para resolver problemas identificados com seu curso de mestrado. O resultado foi a introdução de uma estrutura curricular baseada em dois pilares. De um lado, disciplinas de cunho teórico, fornecendo a base da formação do mestrando; de outro, disciplinas de cunho prático, onde os alunos trabalham coletivamente a construção de seu projeto de pesquisa, passando pela escolha de um tema, revisão da literatura, definição de objetivos e da metodologia. Esse esforço conjunto culmina na realização de um trabalho de campo único, na forma de um estudo transversal de base populacional, em que todos os mestrandos participam de maneira integral, obtendo dados para sua dissertação. Essa estratégia tem garantido a formação de mestres em epidemiologia com forte base teórica e com experiência de preparação e condução de um trabalho de campo. Além disso, tem sido possível manter um tempo de titulação abaixo de 24 meses. Cerca de 80% dos egressos têm publicado pelo menos um artigo baseado em seu mestrado. Destas publicações, quase 90% têm se dado em periódicos classificados como Internacional-A no Qualis da Capes.The postgraduate program in epidemiology of the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, went through an intense self-assessment process to solve problems related to its Master's course. The result was the introduction of a curricular structure based on two pillars. The first one: theoretical courses to offer students the bases of epidemiology. The other, practical training in which students work in groups to design their research projects, from the choice of a research question, to literature review, definition of objectives and methods. This joint effort leads to shared fieldwork, a cross-sectional population-based study, where all students have full participation and get data for their dissertations. This strategy

Morphological identification of the Soprano Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeusem> Leach, 1825 in Croatia.

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Igor Pavlinić

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract After the discovery of two different phonic types within the common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellusem>, mtDNA analysis confirmed the existence of two separate species named as common pipistrelle (P. pipistrellusem> and soprano pipistrelle (P. pygmaeusem>. The discrimination of these two cryptic species using external characters and measures has proved to be somewhat problematic. We examined two colonies of soprano pipistrelle from Donji Miholjac, Croatia. As a result, only two characters proved to be of help for field identification: wing venation (89% of cases and penis morphology and colour for males. The difference in length between the 2^nd and 3^rd phalanxes of the 3^rd finger should be discarded as diagnostic trait between P. pipistrellusem> and P. pygmaeusem> in Croatia. Riassunto Identificazione su basi morfologiche del pipistrello pigmeo (Pipistrellus pygmeausem>, Leach, 1825 in Croazia. A seguito della descrizione di due differenti "tipi fonici" nel pipistrello nano (Pipistrellus pipistrellusem> e della successiva conferma su basi genetiche dell'esistenza di due specie distinte, designate come pipistrello nano (P. pipistrellusem> e pipistrello pigmeo (P. pygmaeusem>, la distinzione delle due specie in base a caratteristiche morfologiche esterne si è dimostrata un problema di difficile soluzione. Sulla base delle caratteristiche distintive e delle differenze biometriche proposte da altri Autori, sono state esaminate due colonie di pipistrello pigmeo a Donji Miholjac, in Croazia. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano che, tra tutti i potenziali caratteri sinora proposti, solo due risultano utili per un'identificazione diretta sul campo: la venatura delle ali, risultata utile alla discriminazione nell'89% degli esemplari analizzati, e la colorazione e morfologia del pene nei maschi. La

Accelerated EM-based clustering of large data sets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verbeek, J.J.; Nunnink, J.R.J.; Vlassis, N.

2006-01-01

Motivated by the poor performance (linear complexity) of the EM algorithm in clustering large data sets, and inspired by the successful accelerated versions of related algorithms like k-means, we derive an accelerated variant of the EM algorithm for Gaussian mixtures that: (1) offers speedups that

Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Stations

Data.gov (United States)

Kansas Data Access and Support Center — EMS Locations in Kansas The EMS stations dataset consists of any location where emergency medical services (EMS) personnel are stationed or based out of, or where...

Cloning, Phylogenetic Analysis and 3D Modeling of a Putative Lysosomal Acid Lipase from the Camel, Camelus dromedariusem>

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Farid Shokry Ataya

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Acid lipase belongs to a family of enzymes that is mainly present in lysosomes of different organs and the stomach. It is characterized by its capacity to withstand acidic conditions while maintaining high lipolytic activity. We cloned for the first time the full coding sequence of camel’s lysosomal acid lipase, cLIPA em>using RT-PCR technique (Genbank accession numbers JF803951 and AEG75815, for the nucleotide and aminoacid sequences respectively. The cDNA sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1,197 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 399 aminoacids which was similar to that from em>other related mammalian species. Bioinformatic analysis was used to determine the aminoacid sequence, 3D structure and phylogeny of cLIPA. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the molecular weight of the translated protein to be 45.57 kDa, which could be decreased to 43.16 kDa after the removal of a signal peptide comprising the first 21 aminoacids. The deduced cLIPA em>sequences exhibited high identity with Equus caballus em>(86%, Numascus leucogenysem> (85%, Homo sapiensem> (84%, Sus scrofaem> (84%, Bos taurus em>(82% and Ovis aries em>(81%. cLIPA shows high aminoacid sequence identity with human and dog-gastric lipases (58%, and 59% respectively which makes it relevant to build a 3D structure model for cLIPA. The comparison confirms the presence of the catalytic triad and the oxyanion hole in cLIPA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that camel cLIPA em>is grouped with monkey, human, pig, cow and goat. The level of expression of cLIPA em>in five camel tissues was examined using Real Time-PCR. The highest level of cLIPA em>transcript was found in the camel testis (162%, followed by spleen (129%, liver (100%, kidney (20.5% and lung (17.4%.

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A specimen of Sorex> cfr. samniticus> in Barn Owl's pellets from Murge plateau (Apulia, Italy / Su di un Sorex> cfr. samniticus> (Insectivora, Soricidae rinvenuto in borre di Tyto albaem> delle Murge (Puglia, Italia

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Giovanni Ferrara

1992-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract In a lot of Barn Owl's pellets from the Murge plateau a specimen of Sorex> sp. was detected. Thank to some morphological and morphometrical features, the cranial bones can be tentatively attributed to Sorex samniticusem> Altobello, 1926. The genus Sorex> was not yet included in the Apulia's fauna southwards of the Gargano district; the origin and significance of the above record is briefly discussed, the actual presence of a natural population of Sorex> in the Murge being not yet proved. Riassunto Viene segnalato il rinvenimento di un esemplare di Sorex> cfr. samniticus> da borre di Tyto albaem> delle Murge. Poiché il genere non era stato ancora segnalato nella Puglia a sud del Gargano, viene discusso il significato faunistico del reperto.

Efecto de extractos vegetales de Polygonum hydropiperoidesem>, Solanum nigrumem> y Calliandra pittieriem> sobre el gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperdaem>

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lizarazo H. Karol

2008-12-01

Full Text Available
El gusano cogollero Spodoptera frugiperdaem> es una de las plagas que más afectan los cultivos en la región de Sumapaz (Cundinamarca, Colombia. En la actualidad se controla principalmente aplicando productos de síntesis química, sin embargo la aplicación de extractos vegetales surge como una alternativa de menor impacto sobre el ambiente. Este control se emplea debido a que las plantas contienen metabolitos secundarios que pueden inhibir el desarrollo de los insectos. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación evaluó el efecto insecticida y antialimentario de extractos vegetales de barbasco Polygonum hydropiperoidesem> (Polygonaceae, carbonero Calliandra pittieriem> (Mimosaceae y hierba mora Solanum nigrumem> (Solanaceae sobre larvas de S. frugiperdaem> biotipo maíz. Se estableció una cría masiva del insecto en el laboratorio utilizando una dieta natural con hojas de maíz. Posteriormente se obtuvieron extractos vegetales utilizando solventes de alta polaridad (agua y etanol y media polaridad (diclorometano los cuales se aplicaron sobre las larvas de segundo instar. Los resultados más destacados se presentaron con extractos de P. hydropiperoidesem>, obtenidos con diclorometano en sus diferentes dosis, con los cuales se alcanzó una mortalidad de 100% 12 días después de la aplicación y un efecto antialimentario representado por un consumo de follaje de maíz inferior al 4%, efectos similares a los del testigo comercial (Clorpiriphos.

[INVITED] Coherent perfect absorption of electromagnetic wave in subwavelength structures

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Chao; Pu, Mingbo; Luo, Jun; Huang, Yijia; Li, Xiong; Ma, Xiaoliang; Luo, Xiangang

2018-05-01

Electromagnetic (EM) absorption is a common process by which the EM energy is transformed into other kinds of energy in the absorber, for example heat. Perfect absorption of EM with structures at subwavelength scale is important for many practical applications, such as stealth technology, thermal control and sensing. Coherent perfect absorption arises from the interplay of interference and absorption, which can be interpreted as a time-reversed process of lasing or EM emitting. It provides a promising way for complete absorption in both nanophotonics and electromagnetics. In this review, we discuss basic principles and properties of a coherent perfect absorber (CPA). Various subwavelength structures including thin films, metamaterials and waveguide-based structures to realize CPAs are compared. We also discuss the potential applications of CPAs.

Botulinum Neurotoxinem> A Injections Influence Stretching of the Gastrocnemius Muscle-Tendon Unit in an Animal Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher J. Tuohy

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Botulinum Neurotoxinem> A (BoNT-A injections have been used for the treatment of muscle contractures and spasticity. This study assessed the influence of (BoNT-A injections on passive biomechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit. Mouse gastrocnemius muscle (GC was injected with BoNT-A (n> = 18 or normal saline (n> = 18 and passive, non-destructive, in vivoem> load relaxation experimentation was performed to examine how the muscle-tendon unit behaves after chemical denervation with BoNT-A. Injection of BoNT-A impaired passive muscle recovery (15% vs.> 35% recovery to pre-stretching baseline, p> < 0.05 and decreased GC stiffness (0.531 ± 0.061 N/mm vs.> 0.780 ± 0.037 N/mm, p> < 0.05 compared to saline controls. The successful use of BoNT-A injections as an adjunct to physical therapy may be in part attributed to the disruption of the stretch reflex; thereby modulating in vivoem> passive muscle properties. However, it is also possible that BoNT-A injection may alter the structure of skeletal muscle; thus modulating the in vivoem> passive biomechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit.

Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities in Vitroem>> em>and in Vivoem> of the Polysaccharides from Boletus edulisem> Bull

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Yijun Fan

2012-07-01

Full Text Available A water-soluble polysaccharide (BEBP was extracted from Boletus edulis em>Bull using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide BEBP was further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed BEBP-1, BEBP-2 and BEBP-3. In the next experiment, the average molecular weight (Mw, IR and monosaccharide compositional analysis of the three polysaccharide fractions were determined. The evaluation of antioxidant activities both in vitroem> and in vivo em>suggested that BEBP-3 had good potential antioxidant activity, and should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.

Angiostrongylus vasorumem> in red foxes (Vulpes vulpesem> and badgers (Meles melesem> from Central and Northern Italy

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Marta Magi

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract During 2004-2005 and 2007-2008, 189 foxes (Vulpes vulpesem> and 6 badgers (Meles melesem> were collected in different areas of Central Northern Italy (Piedmont, Liguria and Tuscany and examined for Angiostrongylus vasorumem> infection. The prevalence of the infection was significantly different in the areas considered, with the highest values in the district of Imperia (80%, Liguria and in Montezemolo (70%, southern Piedmont; the prevalence in Tuscany was 7%. One badger collected in the area of Imperia turned out to be infected, representing the first report of the parasite in this species in Italy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role played by fox populations as reservoirs of infection and the probability of its spreading to domestic dogs.
Riassunto Angiostrongylus vasorumem> nella volpe (Vulpes vulpesem> e nel tasso (Meles melesem> in Italia centro-settentrionale. Nel 2004-2005 e 2007-2008, 189 volpi (Vulpes vulpesem> e 6 tassi (Meles melesem> provenienti da differenti aree dell'Italia settentrionale e centrale (Piemonte, Liguria Toscana, sono stati esaminati per la ricerca di Angiostrongylus vasorumem>. La prevalenza del nematode è risultata significativamente diversa nelle varie zone, con valori elevati nelle zone di Imperia (80% e di Montezemolo (70%, provincia di Cuneo; la prevalenza in Toscana è risultata del 7%. Un tasso proveniente dall'area di Imperia è risultato positivo per A. vasorum; questa è la prima segnalazione del parassita in tale specie in Italia. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per valutare il potenziale della volpe come serbatoio e la possibilità di diffusione della parassitosi ai cani domestici.

doi:10.4404/hystrix-20.2-4442

Assessment of Genetic Fidelity in Rauvolfia em>s>erpentina em>Plantlets Grown from Synthetic (Encapsulated Seeds Following in Vitroem> Storage at 4 °C

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Anis

2012-05-01

Full Text Available An efficient method was developed for plant regeneration and establishment from alginate encapsulated synthetic seeds of Rauvolfia serpentinaem>. Synthetic seeds were produced using in vitroem> proliferated microshoots upon complexation of 3% sodium alginate prepared in Llyod and McCown woody plant medium (WPM and 100 mM calcium chloride. Re-growth ability of encapsulated nodal segments was evaluated after storage at 4 °C for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and compared with non-encapsulated buds. Effects of different media viz>; Murashige and Skoog medium; Lloyd and McCown woody Plant medium, Gamborg’s B5 medium and Schenk and Hildebrandt medium was also investigated for conversion into plantlets. The maximum frequency of conversion into plantlets from encapsulated nodal segments stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks was achieved on woody plant medium supplement with 5.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. Rooting in plantlets was achieved in half-strength Murashige and Skoog liquid medium containing 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA on filter paper bridges. Plantlets obtained from stored synseeds were hardened, established successfully ex vitroem> and were morphologically similar to each other as well as their mother plant. The genetic fidelity of Rauvolfia em>clones raised from synthetic seeds following four weeks of storage at 4 °C were assessed by using random amplified polymorphic em>DNA (RAPD and inter-simple sequence repeat em>(ISSR markers. All the RAPD and ISSR profiles from generated plantlets were monomorphic and comparable em>to the mother plant, which confirms the genetic em>stability among the clones. This synseed protocol could be useful for establishing a particular system for conservation, short-term storage and production of genetically identical and stable plants before it is released for commercial purposes.

Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibiting Activity of Salicylanilide N>-Alkylcarbamates and Their Molecular Docking

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Josef Jampilek

2012-08-01

Full Text Available A series of twenty-five novel salicylanilide N>-alkylcarbamates were investigated as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE from electric eel (Electrophorus electricusem> L.. Experimental lipophilicity was determined, and the structure-activity relationships are discussed. The mode of binding in the active site of AChE was investigated by molecular docking. All the discussed compounds expressed significantly higher AChE inhibitory activity than rivastigmine and slightly lower than galanthamine. Disubstitution by chlorine in C'_(3,4 of the aniline ring and the optimal length of hexyl-undecyl alkyl chains in the carbamate moiety provided the most active AChE inhibitors. Monochlorination in C'₍₄ exhibited slightly more effective AChE inhibitors than in C'₍₃. Generally it can be stated that compounds with higher lipophilicity showed higher inhibition, and the activity of the compounds is strongly dependent on the length of the N>-alkyl chain.

Four Novel Cellulose Synthase (CESA Genes from Birch> (Betula platyphylla em>Suk. Involved in Primary and Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xuemei Liu

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Cellulose synthase (CESA, which is an essential catalyst for the generation of plant cell wall biomass, is mainly encoded by the CesA> gene family that contains ten or more members. In this study; four full-length cDNAs encoding CESA were isolated from Betula platyphyllaem> Suk., which is an important timber species, using RT-PCR combined with the RACE method and were named as BplCesA3em>, −4em>,> −7 em>and> −8em>. These deduced CESAs contained the same typical domains and regions as their Arabidopsis> homologs. The cDNA lengths differed among these four genes, as did the locations of the various protein domains inferred from the deduced amino acid sequences, which shared amino acid sequence identities ranging from only 63.8% to 70.5%. Real-time RT-PCR showed that all four BplCesAs> were expressed at different levels in diverse tissues. Results indicated that BplCESA8 might be involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and floral development. BplCESA3 appeared in a unique expression pattern and was possibly involved in primary cell wall biosynthesis and seed development; it might also be related to the homogalacturonan synthesis. BplCESA7 and BplCESA4 may be related to the formation of a cellulose synthase complex and participate mainly in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The extremely low expression abundance of the four BplCESAs in mature pollen suggested very little involvement of them in mature pollen formation in Betula>. The distinct expression pattern of the four BplCesAs> suggested they might participate in developments of various tissues and that they are possibly controlled by distinct mechanisms in Betula.>

Moire-Fringe-Based Fiber Optic Tiltmeter for Structural Health Monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dae Hyun

2008-01-01

This paper presents a novel fiber optic tiltmeter system for the health monitoring of large-size structures. The system is composed of a sensor head, a light control unit and a signal processing unit. The sensing mechanism of the sensor head is based on a novel integration of the moire fringe phenomenon with fiber optics to achieve a robust performance in addition to its immunity to EM interference, easy ratting, and low cost. In this paper, a prototype of the fiber optic tiltmeter system has been developed successfully. A low-cost light control unit has been developed to drive the system's optic and electronic components. From an experimental test, the fiber optic tiltmeter is proven to be a prospective sensor for the monitoring of the tilting angle of civil structure with a good linearity. Finally, the test also successfully demonstrates the performance and the potential of the novel fiber optic tiltmeter system to monitor the health of civil infrastructures.

Moire-Fringe-Based Fiber Optic Tiltmeter for Structural Health Monitoring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Dae Hyun [Seoul National of Technology, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2008-04-15

This paper presents a novel fiber optic tiltmeter system for the health monitoring of large-size structures. The system is composed of a sensor head, a light control unit and a signal processing unit. The sensing mechanism of the sensor head is based on a novel integration of the moire fringe phenomenon with fiber optics to achieve a robust performance in addition to its immunity to EM interference, easy ratting, and low cost. In this paper, a prototype of the fiber optic tiltmeter system has been developed successfully. A low-cost light control unit has been developed to drive the system's optic and electronic components. From an experimental test, the fiber optic tiltmeter is proven to be a prospective sensor for the monitoring of the tilting angle of civil structure with a good linearity. Finally, the test also successfully demonstrates the performance and the potential of the novel fiber optic tiltmeter system to monitor the health of civil infrastructures.

Sinularones A–I, New Cyclopentenone and Butenolide Derivatives from a Marine Soft Coral Sinularia> sp. and Their Antifouling Activity

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Leen van Ofwegen

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Nine new compounds, namely sinularones A–I (1–9, characterized as cyclopentenone and butenolide-type analogues, were isolated from a soft coral Sinularia> sp., together with a known butenolide (10. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR, CD analysis. The absolute configurations were determined on the basis of CD and specific rotation data in association with the computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD by time dependent density functional theory (TD DFT at 6-31+G(d,p>//DFT B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p> level. Compounds 1–2 and 7–10 showed potent antifouling activities against the barnacle Balanus amphitriteem>.

Action of Chitosan Against Xanthomonas> Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrimaem>

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Yanli Wang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The antibacterial activity and mechanism of two kinds of chitosan were investigated against twelve Xanthomonas> strains recovered from Euphorbia pulcherrimaem>. Results indicated that both chitosans markedly inhibited bacterial growth based on OD loss. Furthermore, the release of DNA and RNA from three selected strains was increased by both chitosans. However, the release of intracellular proteins was inhibited by both chitosans at different concentration and incubation times, except chitosan A at 0.1 mg/mL for 0.5 h incubation and 0.2 mg/mL for 2.0 h incubation increased the release of proteins, indicating the complexity of the interaction and cell membranes, which was affected by incubation time, bacterial species, chitosan type and concentration. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that chitosan caused changes in protoplast concentration and surface morphology. In some cells, the membranes and walls were badly distorted and disrupted, while other cells were enveloped by a thick and compact ribbon-like layer. The contrary influence on cell morphology may explain the differential effect in the release of material. In addition, scanning electron microscope and biofilm formation test revealed that both chitosans removed biofilm biomass. Overall, this study showed that membrane and biofilm play an important role in the antibacterial mechanism of chitosan.

Conservazione e gestione della Lepre italica (Lepus corsicanusem>

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Francesco Riga

2003-10-01

ecologica, sia per la diffusione di gravi patologie comuni. È stata, infatti, accertata in L. corsicanusem> la letalità del virus dell?E.B.H.S., di cui la Lepre europea si rivela il reservoir> naturale. La mancanza di esemplari con fenotipi intermedi tra L. corsicanusem> e L. europaeusem> e l?assenza di introgressione di aplotipi mitocondriali tra le due specie, portano ad escludere il rischio di ibridazione. L?esercizio venatorio può rappresentare un reale fattore limitante per le popolazioni di L. corsicanusem> (benché la specie non sia legalmente cacciabile a causa delle difficoltà di discriminazione sul campo con L. europaeusem> (cacciabile. La conservazione delle popolazioni di L. corsicanusem> richiede la realizzazione sul territorio di una idonea rete coordinata di aree protette, sulla base di modelli di vocazionalità dell?ambiente, al fine di consolidare le popolazioni esistenti e pianificare gli interventi di reintroduzione. Altre misure prioritarie sono: il corretto inquadramento giuridico del taxon>, anche a livello internazionale, l?adeguamento dei piani faunistici regionali e locali, il divieto di introduzione della lepre europea nell?areale storico della lepre italica, il miglioramento della gestione venatoria delle lepri, la realizzazione di aree faunistiche per fini di studio e di reintroduzione e un?opera di divulgazione delle conoscenze e dell?importanza conservazionistica della specie.

Recent progress in structural biology: lessons from our research history.

Science.gov (United States)

Nitta, Ryo; Imasaki, Tsuyoshi; Nitta, Eriko

2018-05-16

The recent 'resolution revolution' in structural analyses of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has drastically changed the research strategy for structural biology. In addition to X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cryo-EM has achieved the structural analysis of biological molecules at near-atomic resolution, resulting in the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017. The effect of this revolution has spread within the biology and medical science fields affecting everything from basic research to pharmaceutical development by visualizing atomic structure. As we have used cryo-EM as well as X-ray crystallography since 2000 to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the fundamental phenomena in the cell, here we review our research history and summarize our findings. In the first half of the review, we describe the structural mechanisms of microtubule-based motility of molecular motor kinesin by using a joint cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography method. In the latter half, we summarize our structural studies on transcriptional regulation by X-ray crystallography of in vitro reconstitution of a multi-protein complex.

Protocolo Multiprofissional em cirúrgia bariátrica e metabólica com ênfase em fisioterapia

OpenAIRE

Nassif, Denise Serpa Bopp

2011-01-01

Resumo: OBJETIVOS: 1) criar base teórica de dados clínicos referentes a multiprofissionalidade em Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica; 2) informatizar a base teórica dos dados transformando-os em protocolo eletrônico multiprofissional; 3) implantar a base teórica de dados clínicos no protocolo mestre e confeccionar o protocolo específico; 4) incorporar a base de dados ao SINPE©; 5) aplicar o protocolo eletrônico específico de Fisioterapia em Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica; 6) analisar e compar...

Efeito da suplementação enzimática de dietas à base de centeio em diferentes períodos do ciclo produtivo nas performances dos frangos de carne

OpenAIRE

Santos, Carina Alexandra Infante dos

2008-01-01

Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia Plant cell walls are complex structures, whose main constituents are non-starch polysaccharides. The monogastric animal does not produce enzymes capable of degrading these structural polysaccharides and therefore, a low level of cereals may be used. The incorporation of exogenous enzymes gained increasing importance. In this study five rye-based treatments were used, where the only variable wa...

Using high-order polynomial basis in 3-D EM forward modeling based on volume integral equation method

Science.gov (United States)

Kruglyakov, Mikhail; Kuvshinov, Alexey

2018-05-01

3-D interpretation of electromagnetic (EM) data of different origin and scale becomes a common practice worldwide. However, 3-D EM numerical simulations (modeling)—a key part of any 3-D EM data analysis—with realistic levels of complexity, accuracy and spatial detail still remains challenging from the computational point of view. We present a novel, efficient 3-D numerical solver based on a volume integral equation (IE) method. The efficiency is achieved by using a high-order polynomial (HOP) basis instead of the zero-order (piecewise constant) basis that is invoked in all routinely used IE-based solvers. We demonstrate that usage of the HOP basis allows us to decrease substantially the number of unknowns (preserving the same accuracy), with corresponding speed increase and memory saving.

EM structure of a helicase-loader complex depicting a 6:2 binding sub-stoichiometry from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Yen-Chen; Naveen, Vankadari; Hsiao, Chwan-Deng

2016-01-01

During DNA replication, bacterial helicase is recruited as a complex in association with loader proteins to unwind the parental duplex. Previous structural studies have reported saturated 6:6 helicase-loader complexes with different conformations. However, structural information on the sub-stoichiometric conformations of these previously-documented helicase-loader complexes remains elusive. Here, with the aid of single particle electron-microscopy (EM) image reconstruction, we present the Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 helicase-loader (DnaC-DnaI) complex with a 6:2 binding stoichiometry in the presence of ATPγS. In the 19 Å resolution EM map, the undistorted and unopened helicase ring holds a robust loader density above the C-terminal RecA-like domain. Meanwhile, the path of the central DNA binding channel appears to be obstructed by the reconstructed loader density, implying its potential role as a checkpoint conformation to prevent the loading of immature complex onto DNA. Our data also reveals that the bound nucleotides and the consequently induced conformational changes in the helicase hexamer are essential for active association with loader proteins. These observations provide fundamental insights into the formation of the helicase-loader complex in bacteria that regulates the DNA replication process. - Highlights: • Helicase-loader complex structure with 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is resolved by EM. • Helicase hexamer in 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is constricted and un-opened. • 6:2 binding ratio of helicase-loader complex could act as a DNA loading checkpoint. • Nucleotides stabilize helicase-loader complex at low protein concentrations.

EM structure of a helicase-loader complex depicting a 6:2 binding sub-stoichiometry from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, Yen-Chen [Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (China); Naveen, Vankadari [Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (China); Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Hsiao, Chwan-Deng, E-mail: hsiao@gate.sinica.edu.tw [Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (China); Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (China)

2016-04-22

During DNA replication, bacterial helicase is recruited as a complex in association with loader proteins to unwind the parental duplex. Previous structural studies have reported saturated 6:6 helicase-loader complexes with different conformations. However, structural information on the sub-stoichiometric conformations of these previously-documented helicase-loader complexes remains elusive. Here, with the aid of single particle electron-microscopy (EM) image reconstruction, we present the Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 helicase-loader (DnaC-DnaI) complex with a 6:2 binding stoichiometry in the presence of ATPγS. In the 19 Å resolution EM map, the undistorted and unopened helicase ring holds a robust loader density above the C-terminal RecA-like domain. Meanwhile, the path of the central DNA binding channel appears to be obstructed by the reconstructed loader density, implying its potential role as a checkpoint conformation to prevent the loading of immature complex onto DNA. Our data also reveals that the bound nucleotides and the consequently induced conformational changes in the helicase hexamer are essential for active association with loader proteins. These observations provide fundamental insights into the formation of the helicase-loader complex in bacteria that regulates the DNA replication process. - Highlights: • Helicase-loader complex structure with 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is resolved by EM. • Helicase hexamer in 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is constricted and un-opened. • 6:2 binding ratio of helicase-loader complex could act as a DNA loading checkpoint. • Nucleotides stabilize helicase-loader complex at low protein concentrations.

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Serial section scanning electron microscopy (S3EM) on silicon wafers for ultra-structural volume imaging of cells and tissues.

Science.gov (United States)

Horstmann, Heinz; Körber, Christoph; Sätzler, Kurt; Aydin, Daniel; Kuner, Thomas

2012-01-01

High resolution, three-dimensional (3D) representations of cellular ultrastructure are essential for structure function studies in all areas of cell biology. While limited subcellular volumes have been routinely examined using serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM), complete ultrastructural reconstructions of large volumes, entire cells or even tissue are difficult to achieve using ssTEM. Here, we introduce a novel approach combining serial sectioning of tissue with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a conductive silicon wafer as a support. Ribbons containing hundreds of 35 nm thick sections can be generated and imaged on the wafer at a lateral pixel resolution of 3.7 nm by recording the backscattered electrons with the in-lens detector of the SEM. The resulting electron micrographs are qualitatively comparable to those obtained by conventional TEM. S(3)EM images of the same region of interest in consecutive sections can be used for 3D reconstructions of large structures. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by reconstructing a 31.7 µm(3) volume of a calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. The approach introduced here, Serial Section SEM (S(3)EM), for the first time provides the possibility to obtain 3D ultrastructure of large volumes with high resolution and to selectively and repetitively home in on structures of interest. S(3)EM accelerates process duration, is amenable to full automation and can be implemented with standard instrumentation.

Serial section scanning electron microscopy (S3EM on silicon wafers for ultra-structural volume imaging of cells and tissues.

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Heinz Horstmann

Full Text Available High resolution, three-dimensional (3D representations of cellular ultrastructure are essential for structure function studies in all areas of cell biology. While limited subcellular volumes have been routinely examined using serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM, complete ultrastructural reconstructions of large volumes, entire cells or even tissue are difficult to achieve using ssTEM. Here, we introduce a novel approach combining serial sectioning of tissue with scanning electron microscopy (SEM using a conductive silicon wafer as a support. Ribbons containing hundreds of 35 nm thick sections can be generated and imaged on the wafer at a lateral pixel resolution of 3.7 nm by recording the backscattered electrons with the in-lens detector of the SEM. The resulting electron micrographs are qualitatively comparable to those obtained by conventional TEM. S(3EM images of the same region of interest in consecutive sections can be used for 3D reconstructions of large structures. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by reconstructing a 31.7 µm(3 volume of a calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. The approach introduced here, Serial Section SEM (S(3EM, for the first time provides the possibility to obtain 3D ultrastructure of large volumes with high resolution and to selectively and repetitively home in on structures of interest. S(3EM accelerates process duration, is amenable to full automation and can be implemented with standard instrumentation.

Cultivo de Oncidium baueri Lindley (Orchidaceae em substratos a base de coco Oncidium baueri Lindley (Orchidaceae cultivation in coconut-based substrates

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Adriane Marinho de Assis

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Entre os substratos utilizados no cultivo de orquídeas, a fibra de coco vem se destacando como promissor substituto do xaxim, material utilizado por muitos produtores e colecionadores de orquídeas, porém ameaçado de extinção. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, foi avaliar a eficiência de substratos à base de coco, no cultivo da orquídea Oncidium baueri. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos de polipropileno, permanecendo em viveiro com 50% de luminosidade. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de xaxim desfibrado, coco desfibrado, coco em pó, coco desfibrado + coco em pó, coxim (coco em cubos, coxim + coco em pó e coxim + coco desfibrado. Após dezenove meses, foram avaliadas as variáveis: altura das plantas, diâmetro dos pseudobulbos, comprimento da maior raiz, massa seca das raízes, número de brotações e pH dos substratos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e dez repetições. Para todas as variáveis avaliadas, os substratos coco em pó e a mistura de coco desfibrado com coco em pó mostraram-se tão eficientes ao desenvolvimento das plantas quanto o xaxim desfibrado, podendo substituí-lo no cultivo de O. baueri.Among the several substrates used in orchid growing, coconut fiber is being considered the most promising substitute for xaxim (tree fern fiber, material highly used by orchid growers and collectors, which has become endangered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of coconut-based substrates in the cultivation of the Brazilian orchid Oncidium baueri. Seedlings were grown in polypropylene vases kept in a nursery with 50% of lighting. Treatments included: defibered tree fern (control, de-fibered coconut, coconut powder, de-fibered coconut + coconut powder, coxim (diced coconut., coxim + coconut powder and coxim + de-fibered coconut. Plant height, pseudo bulbs diameter, number of buds, root dry matter weight, root length and pH substrate were evaluated 19 months

INFLUÊNCIA ESTOICA NA CONCEPÇÃO DE STATUS> E DICTUM> COMO QUASI RES EM> (ὡσανεì τινά EM ABERLARDO STOIC INFLUENCE IN ABELARD'S CONCEPTION OF STATUS> AND DICTUM> AS QUASI RESem> (ὡσανεì τινά.

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Guy Hamelin

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Na sua obra, Pedro Abelardo (1079-1142 destaca duas noções metafísicas que fundamentam sua teoria lógica: o statusem> e o dictum propositionisem>, ao causar, respectivamente, a imposição (impositioem> dos termos universais e o valor de verdade das proposições. Trata-se de expressões que se referem a naturezas ontológicas peculiares, na medida em que não são consideradas coisas (resem>, mesmo que constituem causas. Todavia, também não são nada. Abelardo as chama de ‘quase coisas’ (quasi resem>. No presente artigo, explicamos, primeiro, essas duas noções essenciais da lógica abelardiana, antes de tentar, em seguida, encontrar a fonte dessa metafísica particular. Em oposição a comentadores importantes da lógica de Abelardo, que estimam que haja uma forte influência platônica sobre essa concepção específica, defendemos antes, com apoio de textos significativos e de acordo com o nominalismo abelardiano, que a maior ascendência sobre a metafísica do nosso autor é a do estoicismo, sobretudo, antigo.In his work, Peter Abelard (1079-1142 highlights two metaphysical notions, which sustain his logical theory: the status> and the dictum propositionisem>, causing respectively both the imposition (impositio> of universal terms and the thuth-value of propositions. Both expressions refer to peculiar ontological natures, in so far as they are not considered things (res>, even if they constitute causes. Nevertheless, neither are they ‘nothing’. Abelard calls them ‘quasi-things’ (quasi resem>. In the present article, we expound first these two essential notions of Abelardian logic before then trying to find the source of this particular metaphysics. Contrary to some important

Application of structural symmetries in the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method for three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Zhiyuan; Ho Kaiming

2003-01-01

The plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method (TMM) exhibits a peculiar advantage of being capable of solving eigenmodes involved in an infinite photonic crystal and electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in finite photonic crystal slabs or even semi-infinite photonic crystal structures within the same theoretical framework. In addition, this theoretical approach can achieve much improved numerical convergency in solution of photonic band structures than the conventional plane-wave expansion method. In this paper we employ this TMM in combination with a supercell technique to handle two important kinds of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal waveguide structures. The first one is waveguides created in a 3D layer-by-layer photonic crystal that possesses a complete band gap, the other more popular one is waveguides built in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. These waveguides usually have mirror-reflection symmetries in one or two directions perpendicular to their axis. We have taken advantage of these structural symmetries to reduce the numerical burden of the TMM solution of the guided modes. The solution to the EM problems under these mirror-reflection symmetries in both the real space and the plane-wave space is discussed in a systematic way and in great detail. Both the periodic boundary condition and the absorbing boundary condition are employed to investigate structures with or without complete 3D optical confinement. The fact that the EM field components investigated in the TMM are collinear with the symmetric axes of the waveguide brings great convenience and clarity in exploring the eigenmode symmetry in both the real space and the plane-wave space. The classification of symmetry involved in the guided modes can help people to better understand the coupling of the photonic crystal waveguides with external channels such as dielectric slab or wire waveguides

Hubbard-U> band-structure methods

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Albers, R.C.; Christensen, Niels Egede; Svane, Axel

2009-01-01

The last decade has seen a large increase in the number of electronic-structure calculations that involve adding a Hubbard term to the local-density approximation band-structure Hamiltonian. The Hubbard term is then determined either at the mean-field level or with sophisticated many......-body techniques such as using dynamical mean-field theory. We review the physics underlying these approaches and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in terms of the larger issues of electronic structure that they involve. In particular, we argue that the common assumptions made to justify such calculations...

Estudo experimental comparativo entre diferentes curativosa à base de heparina em queimaduras de 2° grau em ratos

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Thiago da Silva Cornelio

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Queimaduras pemanecem como um importante problema de saúde publica, complexo d oneroso ao sistema; demandando internações prolongadas, múltiplos procedimentos cirúrgicos, fármacos e curativos. Um dos curativos utlizados em queimados é a Heparina sódica tópica. Diversos autores estudaram o efeito da heparina sódica nas lesões térmicas e verificaram alteração favorável em animais que receberam heparina sódica também demonstrando efeitos favoráveis em seres humanos. O presente estudo duplo cego avaliou histopatológicamente queimaduras de pequena extensão e espessura parcial em ratos tratados com curativos à base de dois tipos de Heparina sódica aplicados de forma tópica, ALIMAX®, cujo uso recomendado é de forma tópica, e HEMOFOL®, cujo uso recomendado é de forma endovenosa, com o objetivo de comparar os benefícios, facilidades e custo dessa forma de tratamento. Materiais e Médotos: Utilizou-se 30 ratos Wistar, divididos em grupos e tratados com soro fisiológico, ALIMAX® e HEMOFOL®. Os ratos foram sacrificados nos dias 1°,2°,4°,7°,10°,11°,12°,15°,17°,20° e a área queimada analisada histopatológicamente, sem o conhecimento de qual fármaco foi utilizado nas amostras. Os criterios de avaliação foram: epitelização; extensão da área queimada; infiltrado inflamatório crônico; neoformação vascular; proliferação fibroblástica; leucócitos e reação gigantocelular e colágeno jovem. Resultados: A análise estatística mostrou significância (p0.05 entre o uso de ALIMAX® e HEMOFOL®, o que mostra que todos os animais tiveram lesões semelhantes frente a queimadura, sendo aqueles tratados com ambas as apresentações de heparina obtiveram um melhor desenvolvimento cicatricial em relação ao controle porém com benefícios identicos entre si. Conclusão: O uso topico de heparina sódica indicada para uso endovenoso(HEMOFOL®, apresenta os mesmos resultados que sua versão propriamente t

Identification of Colletotrichum> species causing anthracnose on Tahiti lime, tree tomato and mango

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Martínez Erika P.

2009-08-01

Full Text Available
In Colombia, citrus, tree tomato and mango crops are likely to suffer considerable losses from anthracnose caused by several Colletotrichum> species, which were identified by the present study on infected organs of the three fruit crops, sampled in different regions of the country. Identification was based on their morphological and molecular characteristics, as well as on fungicide (benomyl and copper hydroxide sensitivity and pathogenicity tests. The latter assessed infectivity on both the original hosting crop and the other two crops (crossed infection, by putting the fungi in contact with organs taken from the three fruit crops. Molecular identification of the Colletotrichum> species was carried out through amplification of rDNA ITS regions by means of C. gloeosporioidesem> (CgInt and C. acutatumem> (CaInt2 specific primer PCR combining the use of ITS4 universal primer. The results indicate that C. acutatumem> is the infectious agent in Tahiti lime and tree tomato, and so is C. gloeosporioidesem> in mango. Although C. acutatumem> is the infectious agent in two diferent fruit species, the strains proved to be specific of their original hosts.

Fumigant Antifungal Activity of Myrtaceae Essential Oils and Constituents from Leptospermum petersoniiem> against Three Aspergillus> Species

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Il-Kwon Park

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Commercial plant essential oils obtained from 11 Myrtaceae plant species were tested for their fumigant antifungal activity against Aspergillus ochraceusem>, A. flavusem>, and A. nigerem>. Essential oils extracted from em>Leptospermum> petersonii> at air concentrations of 56 × 10⁻³ mg/mL and 28 × 10⁻³ mg/mL completely inhibited the growth of the three Aspergillus> species. However, at an air concentration of 14 × 10⁻³ mg/mL, inhibition rates of L. petersoniiem> essential oils were reduced to 20.2% and 18.8% in the case of A. flavusem> and A. nigerem>, respectively. The other Myrtaceae essential oils (56 × 10⁻³ mg/mL only weakly inhibited the fungi or had no detectable affect. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 16 compounds in L. petersoniiem>> em>essential> em>oil.> em>The antifungal activity of the identified compounds was tested individually by using standard or synthesized compounds. Of these, neral and geranial inhibited growth by 100%, at an air concentration of 56 × 10⁻³ mg/mL, whereas the activity of citronellol was somewhat lover (80%. The other compounds exhibited only moderate or weak antifungal activity. The antifungal activities of blends of constituents identified in L. petersoniiem> oil indicated that neral and geranial were the major contributors to the fumigant and antifungal activities.

Clinical Relevance of CDH1em> and CDH13em> DNA-Methylation in Serum of Cervical Cancer Patients

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Günther K. Bonn

2012-07-01

Full Text Available This study was designed to investigate the DNA-methylation status of E>-cadherin (CDH1em> and H>-cadherin (CDH13em> in serum samples of cervical cancer patients and control patients with no malignant diseases and to evaluate the clinical utility of these markers. DNA-methylation status of CDH1em> and CDH13em> was analyzed by means of MethyLight-technology in serum samples from 49 cervical cancer patients and 40 patients with diseases other than cancer. To compare this methylation analysis with another technique, we analyzed the samples with a denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC PCR-method. The specificity and sensitivity of CDH1em> DNA-methylation measured by MethyLight was 75% and 55%, and for CDH13em> DNA-methylation 95% and 10%. We identified a specificity of 92.5% and a sensitivity of only 27% for the CDH1em> DHPLC-PCR analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that serum CDH1em> methylation-positive patients had a 7.8-fold risk for death (95% CI: 2.2–27.7; p> = 0.001 and a 92.8-fold risk for relapse (95% CI: 3.9–2207.1; p> = 0.005. We concluded that the serological detection of CDH1em> and CDH13em> DNA-hypermethylation is not an ideal diagnostic tool due to low diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. However, it was validated that CDH1em> methylation analysis in serum samples may be of potential use as a prognostic marker for cervical cancer patients.

O que é emoção? em busca da organização estrutural do conceito de emoção em crianças What is emotion? searching the organizational structure of children's concept of emotion

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Antonio Roazzi

2011-01-01

tipo modular.The main aim of this study was to investigate the structural organization of the semantic concept of emotion in children based on an emic perspective. A free word association (emotion and two questions (frequency of emotions and what they knew about emotions was applied to a sample of 247 children aged 7-12 from public and private schools in Brazil. The question concerning what they knew about emotions indicated that most children link emotions to feelings, things their heart feels. Participants also gave examples of positive and negative experiences, specifying certain emotions, mainly emotions classified as primary by researchers in this field. Regarding the question about the frequency of those emotions in their lives, they pointed out joy, happiness and sadness as being the emotions frequently experienced on their daily lives. On the free word association primary emotions predominated being joy the most frequent one, followed by sadness, happiness, anger, fear and love. We also encountered more elaborate emotions (secondary emotions such as missing someone, hatred, peace, and anxiety, among others. In order to verify the structural organization of their semantic conceptual field, we analyzed the categories that participants emitted on the free association task by means of Structural Similarity Analysis (SSA. A method of "external variables as points" was applied with the intention of verifying the relation between the structure created from the semantic field and the variables of age, sex and type of school. Multiple regressions were also computed. It was found that the type of school and, especially, age played a relevant role in predicting the structural organization of emotions, i.e. an ordered modular structure.

International EMS Systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Langhelle, Audun; Lossius, Hans Morten; Silfvast, Tom

2004-01-01

exist, however, especially within the ground and air ambulance service, and the EMS systems face several challenges. Main problems and challenges emphasized by the authors are: (1) Denmark: the dispatch centres are presently not under medical control and are without a national criteria based system......Emergency medicine service (EMS) systems in the five Nordic countries have more similarities than differences. One similarity is the involvement of anaesthesiologists as pre-hospital physicians and their strong participation for all critically ill and injured patients in-hospital. Discrepancies do....... Access to on-line medical advice of a physician is not available; (2) Finland: the autonomy of the individual municipalities and their responsibility to cover for primary and specialised health care, as well as the EMS, and the lack of supporting or demanding legislation regarding the EMS; (3) Iceland...

Extraction of Dihydroquercetin em>from Larix gmeliniem>i> em>with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion

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Yuangang Zu

2012-07-01

Full Text Available An ultrasound and microwave assisted alternant extraction method (UMAE was applied for extracting dihydroquercetin (DHQ from Larix gmeliniem>i> wood. This investigation was conducted using 60% ethanol as solvent, 1:12 solid to liquid ratio, and 3 h soaking time. The optimum treatment time was ultrasound 40 min, microwave 20 min, respectively, and the extraction was performed once. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction yield of the target analyte was obtained. Relative to ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted method, the proposed approach provides higher extraction yield. The effect of DHQ of different concentrations and synthetic antioxidants on oxidative stability in soy bean oil stored for 20 days at different temperatures (25 °C and 60 °C was compared. DHQ was more effective in restraining soy bean oil oxidation, and a dose-response relationship was observed. The antioxidant activity of DHQ was a little stronger than that of BHA and BHT. Soy bean oil supplemented with 0.08 mg/g DHQ exhibited favorable antioxidant effects and is preferable for effectively avoiding oxidation. The L. gmeliniiem> wood samples before and after extraction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the UMAE method is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation.

How Varroa> Parasitism Affects the Immunological and Nutritional Status of the Honey Bee, Apis melliferaem>

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Katherine A. Aronstein

2012-06-01

Full Text Available We investigated the effect of the parasitic mite Varroa destructorem> on the immunological and nutritional condition of honey bees, Apis melliferaem>, from the perspective of the individual bee and the colony. Pupae, newly-emerged adults and foraging adults were sampled from honey bee colonies at one site in S. Texas, USA. Varroa>‑infested bees displayed elevated titer of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV, suggestive of depressed capacity to limit viral replication. Expression of genes coding three anti-microbial peptides (defensin1, abaecin, hymenoptaecinem> was either not significantly different between Varroa>-infested and uninfested bees or was significantly elevated in Varroa>-infested bees, varying with sampling date and bee developmental age. The effect of Varroa> on nutritional indices of the bees was complex, with protein, triglyceride, glycogen and sugar levels strongly influenced by life-stage of the bee and individual colony. Protein content was depressed and free amino acid content elevated in Varroa>-infested pupae, suggesting that protein synthesis, and consequently growth, may be limited in these insects. No simple relationship between the values of nutritional and immune-related indices was observed, and colony-scale effects were indicated by the reduced weight of pupae in colonies with high Varroa> abundance, irrespective of whether the individual pupa bore Varroa>.

Active sensors for health monitoring of aging aerospace structures

Science.gov (United States)

Giurgiutiu, Victor; Redmond, James M.; Roach, Dennis P.; Rackow, Kirk

2000-06-01

A project to develop non-intrusive active sensors that can be applied on existing aging aerospace structures for monitoring the onset and progress of structural damage (fatigue cracks and corrosion) is presented. The state of the art in active sensors structural health monitoring and damage detection is reviewed. Methods based on (a) elastic wave propagation and (b) electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance technique are cited and briefly discussed. The instrumentation of these specimens with piezoelectric active sensors is illustrated. The main detection strategies (E/M impedance for local area detection and wave propagation for wide area interrogation) are discussed. The signal processing and damage interpretation algorithms are tuned to the specific structural interrogation method used. In the high frequency E/M impedance approach, pattern recognition methods are used to compare impedance signatures taken at various time intervals and to identify damage presence and progression from the change in these signatures. In the wave propagation approach, the acousto- ultrasonic methods identifying additional reflection generated from the damage site and changes in transmission velocity and phase are used. Both approaches benefit from the use of artificial intelligence neural networks algorithms that can extract damage features based on a learning process. Design and fabrication of a set of structural specimens representative of aging aerospace structures is presented. Three built-up specimens, (pristine, with cracks, and with corrosion damage) are used. The specimen instrumentation with active sensors fabricated at the University of South Carolina is illustrated. Preliminary results obtained with the E/M impedance method on pristine and cracked specimens are presented.

Engenharia de Avaliações com Base em Modelos Gamlss

OpenAIRE

de Araújo Florencio, Lutemberg

2010-01-01

A determinação técnica do valor de um bem imóvel (casas, terrenos, entre outros) é de extrema importância para a tomada de decisão em diversos segmentos da sociedade e em muitos órgãos governamentais e privados. Cabe à Engenharia de Avaliações, enquanto ciência do valor, coletar, tratar e analisar dados e estimar modelos que expliquem, de maneira satisfatória, a variabilidade observada nos preços, no mercado em que se estuda. Entretanto, não-normalidade, heteroscedasticidade e ...

Efeito de produtos a base de óleo de nim em diferentes formulações no controle de Plutella xylostella (L.,1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), em couve

OpenAIRE

Mondego, Janaina Marques [UNESP

2011-01-01

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes doses e formulações de óleo de nim, seu poder residual e a decomposição no armazenamento, visando o controle de Plutella xylostella (L.), em couve. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, sob condições controlada de temperatura (25 ± 2°C) umidade relativa (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas). Foram utilizadas diferentes doses e formulações do produto a base de nim. As doses utilizadas para larvas de primeiro instar foram:...

Trophic systems and chorology: data from shrews, moles and voles of Italy preyed by the barn owl / Sistemi trofici e corologia: dati su Soricidae>, Talpidae> ed Arvicolidae> d'Italia predati da Tyto albaem> (Scopoli 1769

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Longino Contoli

1986-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract In small Mammals biogeography, available data are up to now by far too scanty for elucidate the distribution of a lot of taxa, especially with regard to the absence from a given area. In this respect, standardized quantitative sampling techniques, like Owl pellets analysis can enable not only to enhance faunistic knowledges, but also to estimate the actual absence probability of a given taxon "m", lacking from the diet of an individual raptor. For the last purpose, the relevant frequencies of "m" in the other ecologically similar sites of the same raptor species diets are averaged ($f_m$ : the relevant standard error (multiplicated by a coefficient, according to the desired degree of accuracy, in relation of the integral of probabilities subtracted ($overline{F}_m - a E$: then, the probability that a single specimen is not pertaining to "m" is obtained ($P_0 = 1 - F_m + a E$; lastly, the desiderate accuracy probability ($P_d$ is chosen. Now, "$N_d$" (the number of individuals of all prey species in a single site needed for obtain, with the desired probability, a specimen at least of "m" is obtained through $$N = frac{ln P_d}{ln P_0}$$ Obviously, every site-diet with more than "N" preyed individuals and without any "i" specimen is considered to be lacking of such taxon. A "usefulness index" for the above purposes is outlined and checked about three raptors. Some exanples about usefulness of the Owl pellet analysis method in biogeography are given, concerning Tyto albaem> diets in peninsular Italy about: - Sorex minutusem>, lacking in some quite insulated areas; - Sorex araneusem> (sensu stricto, after GRAF et al., 1979, present also in lowland areas in Emilia-Romagna; - Crocidura suaveolensem> and - Suncus etruscusem>, present also in the southermost part of Calabria (Reggio province; - Talpa caecaem>, present also in the Antiapennines of Latium (Cimini mounts; - Talpa romanaem

Seismic assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures with a new flexibility based element

Science.gov (United States)

Arede, Antonio Jose Coelho Dias

diopsidio contendo Al na estrutura, sinterizacao e no comportamento durante a cristalizacao de vidros e nas propriedades dos materiais vitro-cerâmicos, com relevância para a sua aplicacao como selantes em SOFC. Verificou-se que Foi observado que os vidros/vitro-cerâmicos a base de enstatite nao apresentavam as caracteristicas necessarias para serem usados como materiais selantes em SOFC, enquanto as melhores propriedades apresentadas pelos vitro-cerâmicos a base de diopsidio qualificaram-nos para futuros estudos neste tipo de aplicacoes. Para alem de investigar a adequacao dos vitro-cerâmicos a base de clinopyroxene como selantes, esta tese tem tambem como objetivo estudar a influencia dos agentes de nucleacao na nucleacao em volume dos vitro-cerâmicos resultantes a base de diopsidio, de modo a qualifica-los como potenciais materiais hopedeiros de residuos nucleares radioactivos.

Sensitivity of PZT Impedance Sensors for Damage Detection of Concrete Structures.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yaowen; Hu, Yuhang; Lu, Yong

2008-01-21

Piezoelectric ceramic Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) based electro-mechanicalimpedance (EMI) technique for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been successfullyapplied to various engineering systems. However, fundamental research work on thesensitivity of the PZT impedance sensors for damage detection is still in need. In thetraditional EMI method, the PZT electro-mechanical (EM) admittance (inverse of theimpedance) is used as damage indicator, which is difficult to specify the effect of damage onstructural properties. This paper uses the structural mechanical impedance (SMI) extractedfrom the PZT EM admittance signature as the damage indicator. A comparison study on thesensitivity of the EM admittance and the structural mechanical impedance to the damages ina concrete structure is conducted. Results show that the SMI is more sensitive to the damagethan the EM admittance thus a better indicator for damage detection. Furthermore, this paperproposes a dynamic system consisting of a number of single-degree-of-freedom elementswith mass, spring and damper components to model the SMI. A genetic algorithm isemployed to search for the optimal value of the unknown parameters in the dynamic system.An experiment is carried out on a two-storey concrete frame subjected to base vibrations thatsimulate earthquake. A number of PZT sensors are regularly arrayed and bonded to the framestructure to acquire PZT EM admittance signatures. The relationship between the damageindex and the distance of the PZT sensor from the damage is studied. Consequently, thesensitivity of the PZT sensors is discussed and their sensing region in concrete is derived.

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Giant amplification in degenerate band edge slow-wave structures interacting with an electron beam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Othman, Mohamed A. K.; Veysi, Mehdi; Capolino, Filippo [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (United States); Figotin, Alexander [Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (United States)

2016-03-15

We propose a new amplification regime based on a synchronous operation of four degenerate electromagnetic (EM) modes in a slow-wave structure and the electron beam, referred to as super synchronization. These four EM modes arise in a Fabry-Pérot cavity when degenerate band edge (DBE) condition is satisfied. The modes interact constructively with the electron beam resulting in superior amplification. In particular, much larger gains are achieved for smaller beam currents compared to conventional structures based on synchronization with only a single EM mode. We demonstrate giant gain scaling with respect to the length of the slow-wave structure compared to conventional Pierce type single mode traveling wave tube amplifiers. We construct a coupled transmission line model for a loaded waveguide slow-wave structure exhibiting a DBE, and investigate the phenomenon of giant gain via super synchronization using the Pierce model generalized to multimode interaction.

Modelo de oposições múltiplas modificado: abordagem baseada em traços distintivos Modified multiple oppositions' model: approach based on distinctive features

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Karina Carlesso Pagliarin

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor uma abordagem com enfoque em traços distintivos para o Modelo de Oposições Múltiplas e testar sua aplicação em um sujeito falante do Português Brasileiro. O Modelo foi aplicado em um sujeito do sexo masculino, com desvio fonológico moderado-severo e idade de seis anos e meio. Após avaliação fonológica, procedeu-se à seleção dos sons-alvo. Considerou-se o sistema fonológico inicial, bem como os traços distintivos alterados ([+voz], [+soante], [+aproximante], [coronal/±anterior], [-contínuo]. Os traços com maior número de alterações eram [+voz, +soante, +aproximante], justificando a escolha dos seguintes sons-alvo para tratamento: /r/ x /l/ x // x // x /z/, em onset medial.Tendo como base a aplicação desse modelo em falantes do inglês, percebeu-se a necessidade de introduzir alguns procedimentos, como: a escolha dos sons-alvo a partir dos traços distintivos alterados e a estrutura da sessão terapêutica. Ao final, o sujeito foi reavaliado a fim de verificar as aquisições no sistema fonológico. Após dez sessões de fonoterapia,o sujeito adquiriu os fonemas /l, , , z/, generalizando-os para outras posições na palavra (/Z/ e /l/ em onset inicial. Verificou-se, também, a ocorrência de generalização para a mesma classe e para outras classes de sons (/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/. No entanto, o fonema /r/ não foi adquirido. Esta proposta mostrou-se efetiva, pois o sujeito apresentou melhora em seu sistema fonológico com poucas sessões terapêuticas. Pôde-se observar que o Modelo de Oposições Múltiplas, utilizando a abordagem com base em traços distintivos é eficaz, pois favoreceu diversas mudanças fonológicas.The aim of this study was to propose an approach based on distinctive features for the Multiple Oppositions Model, and to test its application on a Brazilian Portuguese speaker. The model was used with a male subject with moderate-severe phonological disorder and six years

Proximate Composition, Nutritional Attributes and Mineral Composition of Peperomia> pellucida> L. (Ketumpangan Air Grown in Malaysia

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Maznah Ismail

2012-09-01

Full Text Available This study presents the proximate and mineral composition of Peperomia> pellucida> L., an underexploited weed plant in Malaysia. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods and mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated Peperomia> pellucida> to be rich in crude protein, carbohydrate and total ash contents. The high amount of total ash (31.22% suggests a high-value mineral composition comprising potassium, calcium and iron as the main elements. The present study inferred that Peperomia> pellucida> would serve as a good source of protein and energy as well as micronutrients in the form of a leafy vegetable for human consumption.

Prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e algumas comorbidades em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

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Mayara B. Machado

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e fatores associados em uma amostra populacional de idosos do Sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos Estudo transversal com base em dados populacionais, que avaliou 1.021 indivíduos idosos entre 60 e 79 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares para aferição de variáveis sobre transtornos ansiosos, por meio do questionário MINI, dados sociodemográficos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM e dosagem de colesterol. Resultados As prevalências entre os transtornos ansiosos foram de 22,0% para o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG; 14,8% para fobia social (FS; 10,5% para transtorno do pânico (TP; e 8,5% para o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC. Além disso, 40,5% dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos um transtorno de ansiedade. A distribuição dos transtornos foi semelhante nos dois gêneros; TAG foi mais prevalente nos indivíduos de menor escolaridade; TOC foi mais presente em indivíduos casados ou em união estável. Em relação às variáveis clínicas, HAS foi associada à presença de TOC; FS foi associada com IAM; TOC e FS foram associados com HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusão Os dados demonstram que os quadros de ansiedade são muito frequentes em idosos da comunidade, se sobrepõem de forma significativa e estão associados a algumas variáveis clínicas cardiovasculares.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extracts and Fractionation of Different Parts of Elsholtzia em>ciliata>

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Yuangang Zu

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of extract and fractions from various parts of Elsholtzia ciliataem>. The inflorescences, leaves, stems and roots of E. ciliataem> were extracted separately and two phenolic component enrichment methods: ethyl acetate-water liquid-liquid extraction and macroporous resin adsorption-desorption, were adopted in this study. The antioxidant activities of water extracts and fractions of E. ciliataem> were examined using different assay model systems in vitroem>. The fraction root E (purified by HPD300 macroporous resin exhibited the highest total phenolics content (497.2 ± 24.9 mg GAE/g, accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity against various antioxidant systems in vitroem> compared to other fractions. On the basis of the results obtained, E. ciliataem> extracts can be used potentially as a ready accessible and valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.

Stabilization students' awareness based on training classes in EMS

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Behzad Imani

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The professional ethics in the medical field is an important concept. Understanding of EMS with professional ethic provide better services and to minimum professional stress. The group discussion method in the teaching of professional ethics is efficiency. The authors benefited of the method to evaluate the awareness of the ethical issues based on training classes.Material and Methods: The study was Cross - sectional. The study population included all of the students of EMS in the final year. Number of samples was 30 and method of sampling was the census method. After of expression course plan pre test was taken and after the end of class final examination was taken. Rate of knowledge of student was assessed after 3 semesters and data obtained were analyzed by software SPSS 16.Results: Rate of knowledge of students before teaching were 97% weak and 3% moderate. The scores of Students was between 20-14 and the mean of was 16.58. Results after 3 terms were this: The average student score 24/69, most samples (80% have a high awareness and 20% had poor knowledge.Conclusion: The ministry of health policy is edification prior knowledge. The students' awareness of duty was high (80%, in the legal field was very weak and in some areas, such as respect, altruism was moderate.

Zinc Phthalocyanine Labelled Polyethylene Glycol: Preparation, Characterization, Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin and Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Vivoem>

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Tianjun Liu

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol was prepared to track and monitor the in vivo em>fate of polyethylene glycol. The chemical structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Their light stability and fluorescence quantum yield were evaluated by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The interaction of zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol with bovine serum albumin was evaluated by fluorescence titration and isothermal titration calorimetry methods. Optical imaging in vivoem>, organ aggregation as well as distribution of fluorescence experiments for tracking polyethylene glycol were performed with zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol as fluorescent agent. Results show that zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol has good optical stability and high emission ability in the near infrared region. Imaging results demonstrate that zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol can track and monitor the in vivoem> process by near infrared fluorescence imaging, which implies its potential in biomaterials evaluation in vivoem> by a real-time noninvasive method.

A Study of Wind Turbine Comprehensive Operational Assessment Model Based on EM-PCA Algorithm

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Minqiang; Xu, Bin; Zhan, Yangyan; Ren, Danyuan; Liu, Dexing

2018-01-01

To assess wind turbine performance accurately and provide theoretical basis for wind farm management, a hybrid assessment model based on Entropy Method and Principle Component Analysis (EM-PCA) was established, which took most factors of operational performance into consideration and reach to a comprehensive result. To verify the model, six wind turbines were chosen as the research objects, the ranking obtained by the method proposed in the paper were 4#>6#>1#>5#>2#>3#, which are completely in conformity with the theoretical ranking, which indicates that the reliability and effectiveness of the EM-PCA method are high. The method could give guidance for processing unit state comparison among different units and launching wind farm operational assessment.

Intervenção educacional com base em modelo para aumentar a atividade física entre adolescentes iranianos

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Hormoz Sanaeinasab

2012-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar um programa educacional com base no modelo de promoção da saúde (MPS e nos estágios de mudança para melhorar a atividade física (AF entre adolescentes iranianos. MÉTODOS: Este foi um ensaio randomizado controlado com 165 participantes divididos em dois grupos (intervenção/controle. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários de autopreenchimento com base em componentes do MPS (benefícios e barreiras para a ação, autoeficácia, sentimentos em relação ao comportamento, influências interpessoais e situacionais. A escala de estágios de mudança foi utilizada para selecionar participantes aptos (classificados nos estágios de pré-contemplação, contemplação ou preparação e para avaliar a tendência. Após a coleta dos dados de base, a intervenção foi realizada nos participantes e os dados de acompanhamento foram coletados 3 meses depois. RESULTADOS: Ao todo, 88 meninos e 77 meninas com idade média de 13,99±0,4 participaram do estudo. As diferenças em todos os componentes do MPS, exceto os sentimentos em relação ao comportamento e as influências sociais, foram significantes (p < 0,01 entre os valores de base e de acompanhamento. Comparados aos do grupo de controle, os adolescentes do grupo de intervenção foram categorizados nos estágios de ação (70% ou preparação (30% no acompanhamento. A análise de regressão múltipla revelou que preferências concorrentes, normas sociais, modelos sociais (variáveis com p < 0,001 e o compromisso com o plano de ação podem prever consideravelmente o comportamento quanto à AF. O modelo representou 22,5% da variação da AF. CONCLUSÕES: Intervenções educacionais com base nos estágios de mudança podem ter implicações importantes na melhora da AF entre adolescentes em mais componentes do MPS.

Estudo sobre variações em métodos de análise de compostos fibrosos em alimentos

OpenAIRE

Gomes, Daiany Iris

2012-01-01

A presente tese foi elaborada com base quatro artigos científicos. No primeiro artigo objetivou-se avaliar os teores de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN) e de fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido (FDA) em alimentos volumosos e concentrados e em fezes bovinas utilizando-se sacos filtrantes sob dois diferentes ambientes físicos de extração: pressurizado e não pressurizado. Vinte amostras de cada material foram utilizadas. Os conteúdos obtidos em diferentes ambientes foram comparados po...

CryoEM structure of the human SLC4A4 sodium-coupled acid-base transporter NBCe1.

Science.gov (United States)

Huynh, Kevin W; Jiang, Jiansen; Abuladze, Natalia; Tsirulnikov, Kirill; Kao, Liyo; Shao, Xuesi; Newman, Debra; Azimov, Rustam; Pushkin, Alexander; Zhou, Z Hong; Kurtz, Ira

2018-03-02

Na + -coupled acid-base transporters play essential roles in human biology. Their dysfunction has been linked to cancer, heart, and brain disease. High-resolution structures of mammalian Na + -coupled acid-base transporters are not available. The sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 functions in multiple organs and its mutations cause blindness, abnormal growth and blood chemistry, migraines, and impaired cognitive function. Here, we have determined the structure of the membrane domain dimer of human NBCe1 at 3.9 Å resolution by cryo electron microscopy. Our atomic model and functional mutagenesis revealed the ion accessibility pathway and the ion coordination site, the latter containing residues involved in human disease-causing mutations. We identified a small number of residues within the ion coordination site whose modification transformed NBCe1 into an anion exchanger. Our data suggest that symporters and exchangers utilize comparable transport machinery and that subtle differences in their substrate-binding regions have very significant effects on their transport mode.

A Novel Apoptosis Correlated Molecule: Expression and Characterization of Protein Latcripin-1 from Lentinula em>edodes> C_91–3

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Min Huang

2012-05-01

Full Text Available An apoptosis correlated molecule—protein Latcripin-1 of Lentinula> edodesem> C₉₁_-₃—was expressed and characterized in Pichia pastorisem> GS115. The total RNA was obtained from Lentinula edodesem> C_91–3. According to the transcriptome, the full-length gene of Latcripin-1 was isolated with 3'-Full Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE and 5'-Full RACE methods. The full-length gene was inserted into the secretory expression vector pPIC9K. The protein Latcripin-1 was expressed in Pichia pastorisem> GS115 and analyzed by Sodium Dodecylsulfonate Polyacrylate Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The Western blot showed that the protein was expressed successfully. The biological function of protein Latcripin-1 on A549 cells was studied with flow cytometry and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-Diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide (MTT method. The toxic effect of protein Latcripin-1 was detected with the MTT method by co-culturing the characterized protein with chick embryo fibroblasts. The MTT assay results showed that there was a great difference between protein Latcripin-1 groups and the control group (p em>< 0.05. There was no toxic effect of the characterized protein on chick embryo fibroblasts. The flow cytometry showed that there was a significant difference between the protein groups of interest and the control group according to apoptosis function (p em>< 0.05. At the same time, cell ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscopy supported the results of flow cytometry. The work demonstrates that protein Latcripin-1 can induce apoptosis of human lung cancer cells A549 and brings new insights into and advantages to finding anti-tumor proteins.

dbEM: A database of epigenetic modifiers curated from cancerous and normal genomes

Science.gov (United States)

Singh Nanda, Jagpreet; Kumar, Rahul; Raghava, Gajendra P. S.

2016-01-01

We have developed a database called dbEM (database of Epigenetic Modifiers) to maintain the genomic information of about 167 epigenetic modifiers/proteins, which are considered as potential cancer targets. In dbEM, modifiers are classified on functional basis and comprise of 48 histone methyl transferases, 33 chromatin remodelers and 31 histone demethylases. dbEM maintains the genomic information like mutations, copy number variation and gene expression in thousands of tumor samples, cancer cell lines and healthy samples. This information is obtained from public resources viz. COSMIC, CCLE and 1000-genome project. Gene essentiality data retrieved from COLT database further highlights the importance of various epigenetic proteins for cancer survival. We have also reported the sequence profiles, tertiary structures and post-translational modifications of these epigenetic proteins in cancer. It also contains information of 54 drug molecules against different epigenetic proteins. A wide range of tools have been integrated in dbEM e.g. Search, BLAST, Alignment and Profile based prediction. In our analysis, we found that epigenetic proteins DNMT3A, HDAC2, KDM6A, and TET2 are highly mutated in variety of cancers. We are confident that dbEM will be very useful in cancer research particularly in the field of epigenetic proteins based cancer therapeutics. This database is available for public at URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/dbem.

Resolution and Probabilistic Models of Components in CryoEM Maps of Mature P22 Bacteriophage

Science.gov (United States)

Pintilie, Grigore; Chen, Dong-Hua; Haase-Pettingell, Cameron A.; King, Jonathan A.; Chiu, Wah

2016-01-01

CryoEM continues to produce density maps of larger and more complex assemblies with multiple protein components of mixed symmetries. Resolution is not always uniform throughout a cryoEM map, and it can be useful to estimate the resolution in specific molecular components of a large assembly. In this study, we present procedures to 1) estimate the resolution in subcomponents by gold-standard Fourier shell correlation (FSC); 2) validate modeling procedures, particularly at medium resolutions, which can include loop modeling and flexible fitting; and 3) build probabilistic models that combine high-accuracy priors (such as crystallographic structures) with medium-resolution cryoEM densities. As an example, we apply these methods to new cryoEM maps of the mature bacteriophage P22, reconstructed without imposing icosahedral symmetry. Resolution estimates based on gold-standard FSC show the highest resolution in the coat region (7.6 Å), whereas other components are at slightly lower resolutions: portal (9.2 Å), hub (8.5 Å), tailspike (10.9 Å), and needle (10.5 Å). These differences are indicative of inherent structural heterogeneity and/or reconstruction accuracy in different subcomponents of the map. Probabilistic models for these subcomponents provide new insights, to our knowledge, and structural information when taking into account uncertainty given the limitations of the observed density. PMID:26743049

Momentos em freios e em embraiagens

OpenAIRE

Mimoso, Rui Miguel Pereira

2011-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica Nesta dissertação reúnem-se os modelos de cálculo utilizados na determinação dos momentos em freios e em embraiagens. Neste trabalho consideram-se os casos de freios e embraiagens de atrito seco e atrito viscoso. Nos freios de atrito viscoso são considerados casos em que as características dos fluidos não são induzidas, e outros em que são induzidas modificações a essas mesmas características. São a...

Feeding habits of the genet Genetta genettaem> in an Iberian continental wetland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maite Sánchez

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract This study quantified the diet of the genet Genetta genettaem> in an Iberian continental wetland, the Galachos Nature Reserve, northern Spain, based on the frequency with which items appeared in five monthly-surveyed latrines during 2004-2005. Prey types were identified de visuem> using identification keys and expert advice. the genet was confirmed as an opportunistic and generalist predator, its diet including mammals (95.0%, plants (68.3% and arthropods (60.0% as main prey. With the exception of a newly available prey species, the alien crayfish Procambarus clarkiiem>, the genet probably consumed arthropods because of chance encounters rather than active search. The consumption of fruits and small mammals varied seasonally. Riassunto Alimentazione della genetta Genetta genettaem> in un'area umida continentale della penisola iberica La dieta della genetta è stata investigata in un'area umida interna della Spagna settentrionale, la riserva Naturale dei Galachos. La frequenza di ciascuna categoria alimentare è stata espressa come numero di occorrenze mansili in cinque latrine monitorate per il periodo 2004-2005. Le categorie sono state identificate de visuem> tramite chiavi per il riconoscimento o l'intervento di singoli esperti. I risultati confermano il comportamento alimentare generalista e opportunista della genetta. La dieta ha incluso principalmente mammiferi (95%, vegetali (68.3% e artropodi (60%. Questi ultimi, con l'eccezione del gambero Procambarus clarkiiem>, introdotto e di recente presenza, sono probabilmente utilizzati in modo opportunistico, piuttosto che in seguito a ricerca attiva. L'uso dei frutti e dei micromammiferi varia stagionalmente.

Record of Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtiiem> (Eversmann, 1845 in Piedmont (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae

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Roberto Toffoli

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Riassunto Ritrovamento del Vespertilio di Brandt Myotis brandtiiem> (Eversmann, 1845 in Piemonte (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae Viene riportata la cattura con mist-net di 5 maschi adulti di Vespertilio di Brandt Myotis brandtiiem>, nell’agosto 2005, nei pressi dell’abitato di Devero (Baceno, VB, a 1827 metri d’altitudine, nel Parco Naturale Alpe Veglia e Alpe Devero. Tale dato rappresenta la prima segnalazione certa della specie in Piemonte. L’identificazione è stata effettuata sulla base delle caratteristiche dentarie e del pene. Sono fornite indicazioni sulle caratteristiche dei segnali di ecolocalizzazione ottenuti dopo il rilascio degli individui.

An emerging consensus for the structure of EmrE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korkhov, Vladimir M.; Tate, Christopher G.

2009-01-01

The ongoing story of the structure of EmrE, the archetypical member of the small multidrug-resistance family, is described. The archetypical member of the small multidrug-resistance family is EmrE, a multidrug transporter that extrudes toxic polyaromatic cations from the cell coupled to the inward movement of protons down a concentration gradient. The architecture of EmrE was first defined from the analysis of two-dimensional crystals by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), which showed that EmrE was an unusual asymmetric dimer formed from a bundle of eight α-helices. The most favoured interpretation of the structure was that the monomers were oriented in opposite orientations in the membrane in an antiparallel orientation. A model was subsequently built based upon the cryo-EM data and evolutionary constraints and this model was consistent with mutagenic data indicating which amino-acid residues were important for substrate binding and transport. Two X-ray structures that differed significantly from the cryo-EM structure were subsequently retracted owing to a data-analysis error. However, the revised X-ray structure with substrate bound is extremely similar to the model built from the cryo-EM structure (r.m.s.d. of 1.4 Å), suggesting that the proposed antiparallel orientation of the monomers is indeed correct; this represents a new structural paradigm in membrane-protein structures. The vast majority of mutagenic and biochemical data corroborate this structure, although cross-linking studies and recent EPR data apparently support a model of EmrE that contains parallel dimers

Structural model of dodecameric heat-shock protein Hsp21

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rutsdottir, Gudrun; Härmark, Johan; Weide, Yoran

2017-01-01

for investigating structure-function relationships of Hsp21 and understanding these sequence variations, we developed a structural model of Hsp21 based on homology modeling, cryo-EM, cross-linking mass spectrometry, NMR, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Our data suggest a dodecameric arrangement of two trimer...

Vibration-based structural health monitoring of harbor caisson structure

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, So-Young; Lee, So-Ra; Kim, Jeong-Tae

2011-04-01

This study presents vibration-based structural health monitoring method in foundation-structure interface of harbor caisson structure. In order to achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, vibration-based response analysis method is selected and structural health monitoring (SHM) technique is designed for harbor caisson structure. Secondly, the performance of designed SHM technique for harbor structure is examined by FE analysis. Finally, the applicability of designed SHM technique for harbor structure is evaluated by dynamic tests on a lab-scaled caisson structure.

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Osservazioni in cattività sul ciclo stagionale del peso corporeo e sull'efficienza digestiva di Pipistrellus kuhliiem> e Hypsugo saviiem> (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae

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Gianna Dondini

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Molte specie di pipistrelli delle fasce climatiche temperato-fredde sono soggette a marcate variazioni stagionali di temperatura e disponibilità di cibo. L'accumulo di grasso in autunno è quindi un adattamento per trascorrere, in uno stato di profondo torpore definibile ibernazione, i mesi invernali, aumentando così la probabilità di sopravvivenza durante tale periodo. Nell?ambito di una attività pluriennale relativa alla raccolta, studio e, quando possibile, riabilitazione di pipistrelli in ambienti urbani, due esemplari di Pipistrellus kuhliiem> (2 femmine e due di Hypsugo saviiem> (1 maschio e 1 femmina, in entrambi casi giovani che ancora non avevano acquisito una sufficiente capacità nel volo e quindi non liberabili, sono stati raccolti nella pianura di Firenze durante l?estate del 1998 e mantenuti in condizioni di temperatura ambientale oscillante tra i 17 e i 22°C, in un contenitore di 150x40x30 cm. Ogni sera sono stati pesati, prima della somministrazione di cibo e acqua, con una bilancia elettronica con precisione di 0.1 g (modello Tanita 1479. L'alimentazione è stata a base di vermi della farina (Tenebrio molitorem>. L?efficienza digestiva è calcolata nel seguente modo, su materiale disidratato: (quantità ingerita ? quantità escrementi/quantità ingerita*100. Per il calcolo di tale indice gli esemplari delle due specie sono stati separati e mantenuti per 24 ore a partire dalla successiva sera dell?ultima somministrazione, favorendo così lo svuotamento dell?intestino. Successivamente, per due giorni è stato fornito del cibo ad libitumem>, pesando i singoli esemplari una volta terminata la fase di alimentazione, per determinare la quantità ingerita. Al termine abbiamo mantenuto gli esemplari a digiuno per 24 ore successive all?ultima somministrazione per permettere lo svuotamento dell?intestino. Gli escrementi raccolti sono stati posti in forno elettrico a 90 °C per 24 ore e successivamente pesati

Estratégia como prática: um estudo em empresas incubadas de base tecnológica

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Jaiane Aparecida Pereira

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo resulta de um estudo realizado em uma incubadora de base tecnológica localizada no Estado do Paraná objetivando analisar como os processos de formação de estratégias organizacionais, a partir de seu entendimento como prática social, se configuram em empresas incubadas e determinam os processos de inovação nesse contexto. Discute-se, a partir da filosofia do processo, como os processos de construção de estratégias organizacionais são articulados em relação à dinâmica social no qual os empreendedores estão imersos e formam as práticas em torno dos processos de inovação organizacional. Para tanto utilizou-se de uma abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas como instrumento de coleta de dados. As análises das entrevistaqs foram construídas com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo. As categorias de análise foram construídas tendo por base a emergência e recorrência de alguns aspectos sobre o processo de construção das estratégias organizacionais, sendo eles: planejamento, tomada de decisão, flexibilidade da tomada de decisão, iniciativa individual e relacionamento com o mercado. A partir das análises dessas categorias pode-se perceber que o processo de estratégia nas empresas incubadas emerge segundo a concepção da estratégia como prática, sendo as estratégias formuladas de maneira menos formal e mais relacionadas ao tipo emergente.

Fast electromagnetic characterization of integrated circuit passive isolation structures based on interference blocking

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Grau Novellas, M.; Serra, R.; Rose, Matthias

2017-01-01

An early characterization of integrated circuit passive isolation structures is crucial to predict their performance and effectiveness in minimizing substrate coupling. In this paper, an electromagnetic (EM) modeling methodology is proposed, which can be applied to different types of isolation

Encoprese e constipação em gêmeos: um estudo de caso em ludoterapia comportamental

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Laura dos Santos Gomes Coelho

Full Text Available Relato de tratamento em ludoterapia comportamental de gêmeos (4 anos onde uma das crianças apresentava encoprese secundária retentiva e a outra apresentava constipação. O tratamento consistiu em avaliação (entrevista e observação, linha de base (padrão de defecação e intervenções (habituação comportamental, treino intestinal, monitoramento através de gráficos e biblioterapia. Em relação à linha de base, o padrão de defecação dos gêmeos quadruplicou. Foram discutidos os fatores que possibilitaram a mudança no padrão de defecação dos gêmeos e a importância de se investigar os fatores responsáveis pelas diferenças individuais em quadros de encoprese.

Diagnóstico estrutural de personalidade em psicopatologia psicanalítica Structural diagnosis of personality in psychoanalytical psychopathology

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Tânia Maria José Aiello Vaisberg

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta o diagnóstico estrutural de personalidade como prática clínica fundamentada na Psicopatologia Psicanalítica Estrutural. As concepções de Bleger, Bergeret e Winnicott são articuladas visando oferecer subsídios teóricos para o estabelecimento de tal diagnóstico, cuja finalidade principal é orientar decisões clínicas quanto à escolha de técnicas e estratégias psicanalíticas adequadas ao tipo de psicopatologia envolvido em cada caso particular. Procedimentos Projetivos, utilizados transicionalmente nas entrevistas clínicas, são especialmente mencionados, uma vez que possibilitam o acesso, num contexto lúdico e criativo, aos determinantes lógico-emocionais subjacentes às condutas humanas.This article presents the structural diagnosis of personality, as a clinical practice based on Psychoanalytic Structural Psychopathology and established from Bleger, Bergeret and Winnicotts theoretical conceptions. The aim of this diagnosis consists on guiding the psychoanalyst through clinical decisions about peculiar techniques and strategies, depending on the kind of psychopathology of each particular case. Projective Procedures, transitionally used on clinical interviews, are specially mentioned, once they provide the access, in a ludic and creative basis, to the latent logical-emotional determinants related to human manifestations.

Crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis em substratos à base de casca de arroz carbonizada

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Dagma Kratz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Com base na importância do substrato na produção de mudas florestais, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a viabilidade técnica de 13 substratos, preparados com misturas de substrato comercial à base de casca de pinus e vermiculita (SC, casca de arroz carbonizada com diferentes granulometrias [maior que 2 mm (CAC1, CAC com granulometria entre 1 - 2 mm (CAC2, CAC com granulometria entre 0,5 - 1 mm (CAC3, CAC com granulometria menor que 0,5 mm (CAC4], fibra de coco (FC e vermiculita média (VM, na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, e a correlação de suas propriedades físicas e químicas com seu crescimento. Foram utilizados tubetes de 55 cm³. As mudas permaneceram 60 dias em estufa de vidro e 30 dias a pleno sol. Foram avaliadas a altura, diâmetro de colo, fitomassas secas aérea e radicial, facilidade de retirada do tubete, agregação das raízes ao substrato e relação entre altura e diâmetro de colo. Concluiu-se que o substrato formado por CAC pura, em diferentes granulometrias e em mistura com os outros componentes, é viável tecnicamente para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, embora aquele formado pela mistura de 50% de CAC e VM tenha resultado em maior crescimento das mudas. As propriedades dos substratos, densidade aparente, pH e capacidade de troca catiônica são importantes na produção de mudas, pois apresentaram correlações significativas com as variáveis biométricas.

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Amaranthus cruentusem> L. and Amaranthus hybridusem> L. Extracts

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Jeanne F. Millogo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This paper describes a preliminary assessment of the nutraceutical value of Amaranthus cruentus (A. cruentusem> and Amaranthus hybridus (A. hybridusem>, two food plant species found in Burkina Faso. Hydroacetonic (HAE, methanolic (ME, and aqueous extracts (AE from the aerial parts were screened for in vitroem> antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and betalains. Hydroacetonic extracts have shown the most diversity for secondary metabolites. The TLC analyses of flavonoids from HAE extracts showed the presence of rutin and other unidentified compounds. The phenolic compound contents of the HAE, ME and AE extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and ranged from 7.55 to 10.18 mg Gallic acid equivalent GAE/100 mg. Tannins, flavonoids, and flavonols ranged from 2.83 to 10.17 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE/100 mg, 0.37 to 7.06 mg quercetin equivalent (QE /100 mg, and 0.09 to 1.31 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. The betacyanin contents were 40.42 and 6.35 mg Amaranthin Equivalent/100 g aerial parts (dry weight in A. cruentusem> and A. hybridusem>, respectively. Free-radical scavenging activity expressed as IC₅₀(DPPH method and iron reducing power (FRAP method ranged from 56 to 423 µg/mL and from 2.26 to 2.56 mmol AAE/g, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts of A. cruentus em>and A. hybridusem> were 3.18% and 38.22%, respectively. em>The> A. hybridusem> extract showed the best antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities. The results indicated that the phytochemical contents of the two species justify their traditional uses as nutraceutical food plants.

4.0-A resolution cryo-EM structure of the mammalian chaperonin TRiC/CCT reveals its unique subunit arrangement.

Science.gov (United States)

Cong, Yao; Baker, Matthew L; Jakana, Joanita; Woolford, David; Miller, Erik J; Reissmann, Stefanie; Kumar, Ramya N; Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M; Batth, Tanveer S; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila; Ludtke, Steven J; Frydman, Judith; Chiu, Wah

2010-03-16

The essential double-ring eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT (TCP1-ring complex or chaperonin containing TCP1) assists the folding of approximately 5-10% of the cellular proteome. Many TRiC substrates cannot be folded by other chaperonins from prokaryotes or archaea. These unique folding properties are likely linked to TRiC's unique heterooligomeric subunit organization, whereby each ring consists of eight different paralogous subunits in an arrangement that remains uncertain. Using single particle cryo-EM without imposing symmetry, we determined the mammalian TRiC structure at 4.7-A resolution. This revealed the existence of a 2-fold axis between its two rings resulting in two homotypic subunit interactions across the rings. A subsequent 2-fold symmetrized map yielded a 4.0-A resolution structure that evinces the densities of a large fraction of side chains, loops, and insertions. These features permitted unambiguous identification of all eight individual subunits, despite their sequence similarity. Independent biochemical near-neighbor analysis supports our cryo-EM derived TRiC subunit arrangement. We obtained a Calpha backbone model for each subunit from an initial homology model refined against the cryo-EM density. A subsequently optimized atomic model for a subunit showed approximately 95% of the main chain dihedral angles in the allowable regions of the Ramachandran plot. The determination of the TRiC subunit arrangement opens the way to understand its unique function and mechanism. In particular, an unevenly distributed positively charged wall lining the closed folding chamber of TRiC differs strikingly from that of prokaryotic and archaeal chaperonins. These interior surface chemical properties likely play an important role in TRiC's cellular substrate specificity.

Dermatoses em renais cronicos em terapia dialitica

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Luis Alberto Batista Peres

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: As desordens cutâneas e das mucosas são comuns em pacientes em hemodiálise a longo prazo. A diálise prolonga a expectativa de vida, dando tempo para a manifestação destas anormalidades. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência de problemas dermatológicos em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC em hemodiálise. Métodos: Cento e quarenta e cinco pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise foram estudados. Todos os pacientes foram completamente analisados para as alterações cutâneas, de cabelos, mucosas e unhas por um único examinador e foram coletados dados de exames laboratoriais. Os dados foram armazenados em um banco de dados do Microsolft Excel e analisados por estatística descritiva. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student e as variáveis categóricas utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado ou o teste Exato de Fischer, conforme adequado. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 145 pacientes, com idade média de 53,6 ± 14,7 anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino (64,1% e caucasianos (90,0%. O tempo médio de diálise foi de 43,3 ± 42,3 meses. As principais doenças subjacentes foram: hipertensão arterial em 33,8%, diabetes mellitus em 29,6% e glomerulonefrite crônica em 13,1%. As principais manifestações dermatológicas observadas foram: xerose em 109 (75,2%, equimose em 87 (60,0%, prurido em 78 (53,8% e lentigo em 33 (22,8% pacientes. Conclusão: O nosso estudo mostrou a presença de mais do que uma dermatose por paciente. As alterações cutâneas são frequentes em pacientes em diálise. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor caracterização e manejo destas dermatoses.

Cytotoxicity and Glycan-Binding Properties of an 18 kDa Lectin Isolated from the Marine Sponge Halichondria em>okadai>

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Yasuhiro Ozeki

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A divalent cation-independent lectin—HOL-18, with cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells, was purified from a demosponge, Halichondria okadaiem>. HOL-18 is a 72 kDa tetrameric lectin that consists of four non-covalently bonded 18 kDa subunits. Hemagglutination activity of the lectin was strongly inhibited by chitotriose (GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, fetuin and mucins from porcine stomach and bovine submaxillary gland. Lectin activity was stable at pH 4–12 and temperatures lower than 60 °C. Frontal affinity chromatography with 16 types of pyridylaminated oligosaccharides indicated that the lectin had an affinity for N>-linked complex-type and sphingolipid-type oligosaccharides with N>-acetylated hexosamines and neuramic acid at the non-reducing termini. The lectin killed Jurkat leukemia T cells and K562 erythroleukemia cells in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner.

Roost selection by barbastelle bats (Barbastella barbastellusem>, Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae in beech woodlands of central Italy

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Danilo Russo

2003-10-01

Full Text Available The barbastelle bat, Barbastella barbastellusem> (Schreber, 1774 is a medium-sized, tree-dwelling vespertilionid classified as ?Endangered? in Italy; in western Europe it may be one of the rarest bat species. B. barbastellusem> shows roosting preferences that should be regarded as a key point in conservation protocols. We examined roost selection in a breeding population of B. barbastellusem> from the Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park (central Italy at three levels: woodland structure and management type; tree characteristics; and cavity characteristics. In 2001-2002, we fitted 31 adult B. barbastellusem> (29 lactating females, one pregnant female and one male with 0.48g radio-tags and tracked them to their roost-trees. The bats were tracked for 4.5 ± 3.7 days (range: 0-12 days. We located 33 roosts used by 25 subjects (1.8±1.2 roosts/bat, range 1-5. The bats switched roosts frequently: 13 bats used more than one tree over the study period. A chi-square analysis showed that the roosts were not distributed at random across woodland categories: unmanaged woodland was positively selected, whereas shelterwood-harvested woodland was used in proportion to its availability, and ?pastures+scattered trees? was avoided. Twenty out of 33 roost trees were dead Fagus sylvaticaem> trees; conversely, living F. sylvaticaem> dominated in a tree sample obtained at random; dead trees were used more than expected (Χ² test, P> <0.001. Overall, roost trees were significantly taller and had a larger diameter at breast?s height and more cavities than random trees; they also had a lower percent canopy closure than random trees. To highlight which variables were actually associated with selection, we devised a logistic regression model. The full model was significant (P> <0.001; removal of tree type and tree height affected the model significantly, but the other variables did not produce detectable effects. The

Over-Expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and Protein: Implications of Xenobiotic Induced Damage in Patients with De Novoem> Acute Myeloid Leukemia with inv(16(p13.1q22; CBFβ>-MYH11em>

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Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Environmental exposure to benzene occurs through cigarette smoke, unleaded gasoline and certain types of plastic. Benzene is converted to hematotoxic metabolites by the hepatic phase-I enzyme CYP2E1, and these metabolites are detoxified by the phase-II enzyme NQO1. The genes encoding these enzymes are highly polymorphic and studies of these polymorphisms have shown different pathogenic and prognostic features in various hematological malignancies. The potential role of different cytochrome p450 metabolizing enzymes in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML in an area of active interest. In this study, we demonstrate aberrant CYP2E1 mRNA over-expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases of de novoem> AML with inv(16; CBFβ-MYH11. CYP2E1 mRNA levels correlated with CBFβ>-MYH11 em>transcript levels and with bone marrow blast counts in all cases. CYP2E1 over-expression correlated positively with NQO1 mRNA levels (R² = 0.934, n = 7. By immunohistochemistry, CYP2E1 protein was more frequently expressed in AML with inv(16 compared with other types of AML (p> < 0.001. We obtained serial bone marrow samples from two patients with AML with inv(16 before and after treatment. CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels decreased in parallel with CBFβ>-MYH11 em>transcript levels and blast counts following chemotherapy. In contrast, CYP1A2 transcript levels did not change in either patient. This is the first study to demonstrate concurrent over-expression of CYP2E1 and NQO1 mRNA in AML with inv(16. These findings also suggest that a balance between CYP2E1 and NQO1 may be important in the pathogenesis of AML with inv(16.

Best practices for managing large CryoEM facilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Alewijnse, Bart; Ashton, Alun W; Chambers, Melissa G; Chen, Songye; Cheng, Anchi; Ebrahim, Mark; Eng, Edward T; Hagen, Wim J H; Koster, Abraham J; López, Claudia S; Lukoyanova, Natalya; Ortega, Joaquin; Renault, Ludovic; Reyntjens, Steve; Rice, William J; Scapin, Giovanna; Schrijver, Raymond; Siebert, Alistair; Stagg, Scott M; Grum-Tokars, Valerie; Wright, Elizabeth R; Wu, Shenping; Yu, Zhiheng; Zhou, Z Hong; Carragher, Bridget; Potter, Clinton S

2017-09-01

This paper provides an overview of the discussion and presentations from the Workshop on the Management of Large CryoEM Facilities held at the New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY on February 6-7, 2017. A major objective of the workshop was to discuss best practices for managing cryoEM facilities. The discussions were largely focused on supporting single-particle methods for cryoEM and topics included: user access, assessing projects, workflow, sample handling, microscopy, data management and processing, and user training. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Frequency selective surfaces based high performance microstrip antenna

CERN Document Server

Narayan, Shiv; Jha, Rakesh Mohan

2016-01-01

This book focuses on performance enhancement of printed antennas using frequency selective surfaces (FSS) technology. The growing demand of stealth technology in strategic areas requires high-performance low-RCS (radar cross section) antennas. Such requirements may be accomplished by incorporating FSS into the antenna structure either in its ground plane or as the superstrate, due to the filter characteristics of FSS structure. In view of this, a novel approach based on FSS technology is presented in this book to enhance the performance of printed antennas including out-of-band structural RCS reduction. In this endeavor, the EM design of microstrip patch antennas (MPA) loaded with FSS-based (i) high impedance surface (HIS) ground plane, and (ii) the superstrates are discussed in detail. The EM analysis of proposed FSS-based antenna structures have been carried out using transmission line analogy, in combination with the reciprocity theorem. Further, various types of novel FSS structures are considered in desi...

Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and Arabidopsis thaliana

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ji, X.

2014-01-01

Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea em>var. botrytis>) and Arabidopsis thaliana.em>

I studied numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea em>var. botrytis>) and

Risk-Association of CYP11A1em> Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Among Han Chinese Women in Southern China

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Minying Sun

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Exposure to endogenous sex hormones has been reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. The CYP11A1em> gene encodes the key enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in steroid hormone synthesis. In this study, the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in CYP11A1em> and breast cancer susceptibility were examined. Six SNPs in CYP11A1 em>were genotyped using the MassARRAY IPLEX platform in 530 breast cancer patients and 546 healthy controls. Association analyses based on a χ² test and binary logistic regression were performed to determine the odds ratio (OR> and 95% confidence interval (95% CI> for each SNP. Two loci (rs2959008 and rs2279357 showed evidence of associations with breast cancer risk. The variant genotype C/T-C/C of rs2959008 was significantly associated with a decreased risk (age-adjusted ORem>, 0.75; 95% CI>, 0.58–0.96; P em>= 0.023 compared with the wild-type TT. However, the homozygous TT variant of rs2279357 exhibited increased susceptibility to breast cancer (age-adjusted ORem>, 1.44; 95% CI>, 1.05–1.98; P em>= 0.022. The locus rs2959003 also showed an appreciable effect, but no associations were observed for three other SNPs. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of CYP11A1em> are related to breast cancer susceptibility in Han Chinese women of South China.

Hybrid polymer composite membrane for an electromagnetic (EM) valveless micropump

Science.gov (United States)

Said, Muzalifah Mohd; Yunas, Jumril; Bais, Badariah; Azlan Hamzah, Azrul; Yeop Majlis, Burhanuddin

2017-07-01

In this paper, we report on a hybrid membrane used as an actuator in an electromagnetically driven valveless micropump developed using MEMS processes. The membrane structure consists of the combination of a magnetic polymer composite membrane and an attached bulk permanent magnet which is expected to have a compact structure and a strong magnetic force with maintained membrane flexibility. A soft polymeric material made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is initially mixed with neodymium magnetic particles (NdFeB) to form a magnetic polymer composite membrane. The membrane is then bonded with the PDMS based microfluidic part, developed using soft lithography process. The developed micropump was tested in terms of the actuator membrane deflection capability and the fluidic flow of the injected fluid sample through the microfluidic channel. The experimental results show that the magnetic composite actuator membrane with an attached bulk permanent magnet is capable of producing a maximum membrane deflection of up to 106 µm. The functionality test of the electromagnetic (EM) actuator for fluid pumping purposes was done by supplying an AC voltage with various amplitudes, signal waves and frequencies. A wide range of sample injection rates from a few µl min-1 to tens of nl min-1 was achieved with a maximum flow rate of 6.6 µl min-1. The injection flow rate of the EM micropump can be controlled by adjusting the voltage amplitude and frequency supplied to the EM coil, to control the membrane deflection in the pump chamber. The designed valveless EM micropump has a very high potential to enhance the drug delivery system capability in biomedical applications.

Online EM with weight-based forgetting

OpenAIRE

Celaya, Enric; Agostini, Alejandro

2015-01-01

In the on-line version of the EM algorithm introduced by Sato and Ishii (2000), a time-dependent discount factor is introduced for forgetting the effect of the old posterior values obtained with an earlier, inaccurate estimator. In their approach, forgetting is uniformly applied to the estimators of each mixture component depending exclusively on time, irrespective of the weight attributed to each unit for the observed sample. This causes an excessive forgetting in the less frequently sampled...

Miniaturizing EM Sample Preparation: Opportunities, Challenges, and "Visual Proteomics".

Science.gov (United States)

Arnold, Stefan A; Müller, Shirley A; Schmidli, Claudio; Syntychaki, Anastasia; Rima, Luca; Chami, Mohamed; Stahlberg, Henning; Goldie, Kenneth N; Braun, Thomas

2018-03-01

This review compares and discusses conventional versus miniaturized specimen preparation methods for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The progress brought by direct electron detector cameras, software developments and automation have transformed transmission cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and made it an invaluable high-resolution structural analysis tool. In contrast, EM specimen preparation has seen very little progress in the last decades and is now one of the main bottlenecks in cryo-EM. Here, we discuss the challenges faced by specimen preparation for single particle EM, highlight current developments, and show the opportunities resulting from the advanced miniaturized and microfluidic sample grid preparation methods described, such as visual proteomics and time-resolved cryo-EM studies. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Structural variations of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec Tem>ype IVa in Staphylococcus aureus em>clonal complex 8 and unrelated lineages

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Damborg, Peter Panduro; Bartels, Mette Damkjær; Boye, Kit

2011-01-01

PCR mapping of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IVa and adjacent mobile elements in 94 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains identified two primary structures (A and B) that could be further classified into two (A1 and A2) and five (B1 to B5) variants, primarily...... based on structural differences in the orfX-J3 region. While spa type t008 (USA300) invariably contained the A variants, other spa types belonging to clonal complex 8 and unrelated lineages generally contained B variants. These findings have important implications for the typing and identification...

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The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: cryo-EM comes of age.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Peter S

2018-03-01

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson for "developing cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." This feature article summarizes some of the major achievements leading to the development of cryo-EM and recent technological breakthroughs that have transformed the method into a mainstream tool for structure determination.

Potencialidades de Chlorella vulgaris cultivada em meio à base de concentrado de dessalinização

OpenAIRE

Matos, Ângelo Paggi

2012-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físicoquímicas da biomassa de Chlorella vulgaris em um meio à base de concentrado de dessalinização proveniente do processo de dessalinização de águas subterrâneas na comunidade de Uruçu, no município de São João do Cariri # Paraíba. O concentrado de dessalinização possui alta concentração de ...

ANÁLISE DE TENSÕES EM ESTRUTURAS AXISSIMÉTRICAS EMPREGANDO A FORMULAÇÃO EM COORDENADAS POLARES DA TEORIA DE VOLUMES FINITOS

OpenAIRE

dos Santos, Arlan Ricardo C; Cavalcante, Márcio André A

2017-01-01

Resumo. Este trabalho apresenta uma formulação para análise de tensões em estruturas axissimétricas, tais como tubos circulares, cilindros e anéis, elaborada com base em uma versão em coordenadas polares da Teoria de Volumes Finitos. Esta formulação é bastante apropriada para análise de tensões em estruturas com contornos curvos, apresentando geometria e campos mecânicos expressos em termo de coordenadas polares, visando melhorar o desempenho do método em tais situações. Diferentemente de ver...

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Frequency Dispersion of High-k> Materials in Capacitance-Voltage Measurements

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S. Taylor

2012-06-01

Full Text Available In capacitance-voltage (C-V measurements, frequency dispersion in high-k> dielectrics is often observed. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant (k>-value, that is the intrinsic frequency dispersion, could not be assessed before suppressing the effects of extrinsic frequency dispersion, such as the effects of the lossy interfacial layer (between the high-k> thin film and silicon substrate and the parasitic effects. The effect of the lossy interfacial layer on frequency dispersion was investigated and modeled based on a dual frequency technique. The significance of parasitic effects (including series resistance and the back metal contact of the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS capacitor on frequency dispersion was also studied. The effect of surface roughness on frequency dispersion is also discussed. After taking extrinsic frequency dispersion into account, the relaxation behavior can be modeled using the Curie-von Schweidler (CS law, the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW relationship and the Havriliak-Negami (HN relationship. Dielectric relaxation mechanisms are also discussed.

Cryo-EM structures of the human endolysosomal TRPML3 channel in three distinct states.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Xiaoyuan; Li, Minghui; Su, Deyuan; Jia, Qi; Li, Huan; Li, Xueming; Yang, Jian

2017-12-01

TRPML3 channels are mainly localized to endolysosomes and play a critical role in the endocytic pathway. Their dysfunction causes deafness and pigmentation defects in mice. TRPML3 activity is inhibited by low endolysosomal pH. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human TRPML3 in the closed, agonist-activated, and low-pH-inhibited states, with resolutions of 4.06, 3.62, and 4.65 Å, respectively. The agonist ML-SA1 lodges between S5 and S6 and opens an S6 gate. A polycystin-mucolipin domain (PMD) forms a luminal cap. S1 extends into this cap, forming a 'gating rod' that connects directly to a luminal pore loop, which undergoes dramatic conformational changes in response to low pH. S2 extends intracellularly and interacts with several intracellular regions to form a 'gating knob'. These unique structural features, combined with the results of electrophysiological studies, indicate a new mechanism by which luminal pH and other physiological modulators such as PIP 2 regulate TRPML3 by changing S1 and S2 conformations.

Cryo-EM structure of Hepatitis C virus IRES bound to the human ribosome at 3.9-Å resolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Quade, Nick; Boehringer, Daniel; Leibundgut, Marc; van den Heuvel, Joop; Ban, Nenad

2015-07-08

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a widespread human pathogen, is dependent on a highly structured 5'-untranslated region of its mRNA, referred to as internal ribosome entry site (IRES), for the translation of all of its proteins. The HCV IRES initiates translation by directly binding to the small ribosomal subunit (40S), circumventing the need for many eukaryotic translation initiation factors required for mRNA scanning. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the human 40S ribosomal subunit in complex with the HCV IRES at 3.9 Å resolution, determined by focused refinement of an 80S ribosome-HCV IRES complex. The structure reveals the molecular details of the interactions between the IRES and the 40S, showing that expansion segment 7 (ES7) of the 18S rRNA acts as a central anchor point for the HCV IRES. The structural data rationalizes previous biochemical and genetic evidence regarding the initiation mechanism of the HCV and other related IRESs.

Performance analysis of EM-based blind detection for ON-OFF keying modulation over atmospheric optical channels

Science.gov (United States)

Dabiri, Mohammad Taghi; Sadough, Seyed Mohammad Sajad

2018-04-01

In the free-space optical (FSO) links, atmospheric turbulence lead to scintillation in the received signal. Due to its ease of implementation, intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) based on ON-OFF keying (OOK) is a popular signaling scheme in these systems. Over turbulence channel, to detect OOK symbols in a blind way, i.e., without sending pilot symbols, an expectation-maximization (EM)-based detection method was recently proposed in the literature related to free-space optical (FSO) communication. However, the performance of EM-based detection methods severely depends on the length of the observation interval (Ls). To choose the optimum values of Ls at target bit error rates (BER)s of FSO communications which are commonly lower than 10-9, Monte-Carlo simulations would be very cumbersome and require a very long processing time. To facilitate performance evaluation, in this letter we derive the analytic expressions for BER and outage probability. Numerical results validate the accuracy of our derived analytic expressions. Our results may serve to evaluate the optimum value for Ls without resorting to time-consuming Monte-Carlo simulations.

ALiEM Blog and Podcast Watch: Toxicology.

Science.gov (United States)

Zaver, Fareen; Craddick, Michael; Sanford, Audrey; Sefa, Nana; Hughes, George; Lin, Michelle

2017-10-01

The WestJEM Blog and Podcast Watch presents high-quality open-access educational blogs and podcasts in emergency medicine based on the ongoing Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) Approved Instructional Resources (AIR) and AIR-Professional (Pro) series. Both series critically appraise open-access educational blogs and podcasts in EM using an objective scoring instrument. This installment of the blog and podcast watch series curated and scored relevant posts in the specific topic of toxicology emergencies from the AIR-Pro Series. The AIR-Pro Series is a continuously building curriculum covering a new subject area every two months. For each area, eight EM chief residents identify 3-5 advanced clinical questions. Using FOAMsearch.net and FOAMSearcher to search blogs and podcasts, relevant posts are scored by eight reviewers from the AIR-Pro editorial board, which is comprised of EM faculty and chief residents at various institutions across North America. The scoring instrument contains five measurement outcomes based on seven-point Likert scales: recency, accuracy, educational utility, evidence based, and references. The AIR-Pro label is awarded to posts with a score of ≥28 (out of 35) points. An "honorable mention" label is awarded if board members collectively felt that the blogs were valuable and the scores were > 25. A total of 31 blog posts and podcasts were included. Key educational pearls from the six high-quality AIR-Pro posts and four honorable mentions are summarized. The WestJEM ALiEM Blog and Podcast Watch series is based on the AIR and AIR-Pro Series, which attempts to identify high-quality educational content on open-access blogs and podcasts. This series provides an expert-based, crowdsourced approach towards critically appraising educational social media content for EM clinicians. This installment focuses on toxicology emergencies.

Thermal Studies of Zn(II, Cd(II and Hg(II Complexes of Some N-Alkyl-N>-Phenyl-Dithiocarbamates

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Peter A. Ajibade

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The thermal decomposition of Zn(II, Cd(II and Hg(II complexes of N-ethyl-N>-phenyl and N-butyl-N>-phenyl dithiocarbamates have been studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC. The products of the decomposition, at two different temperatures, were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX. The results show that while the zinc and cadmium complexes undergo decomposition to form metal sulphides, and further undergo oxidation forming metal oxides as final products, the mercury complexes gave unstable volatiles as the final product.

Big data in cryoEM: automated collection, processing and accessibility of EM data.

Science.gov (United States)

Baldwin, Philip R; Tan, Yong Zi; Eng, Edward T; Rice, William J; Noble, Alex J; Negro, Carl J; Cianfrocco, Michael A; Potter, Clinton S; Carragher, Bridget

2018-06-01

The scope and complexity of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) data has greatly increased, and will continue to do so, due to recent and ongoing technical breakthroughs that have led to much improved resolutions for macromolecular structures solved using this method. This big data explosion includes single particle data as well as tomographic tilt series, both generally acquired as direct detector movies of ∼10-100 frames per image or per tilt-series. We provide a brief survey of the developments leading to the current status, and describe existing cryoEM pipelines, with an emphasis on the scope of data acquisition, methods for automation, and use of cloud storage and computing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bases do pensamento fenomenológico e existencial em William James

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Ana Maria Lopez Calvo de Feijoo

Full Text Available Neste artigo, temos por objetivo investigar os fundamentos e as bases do pensamento fenomenológico e existencial advindos da Psicologia de William James no que diz respeito à noção de consciência, método e prática clínica. Para tanto, analisamos algumas obras de James e dividimos as suas propostas em três momentos distintos: pragmatismo, funcionalismo e empirismo. Por meio das elaborações em cada um desses momentos, tentamos esclarecer os pontos de encontro e os pontos de desencontro com os pensamentos fenomenológico e existencial. Concluímos que o ponto de encontro diz respeito à tentativa de não objetivação da consciência. Quanto ao desencontro, consideramos que James ainda toma a consciência como objeto da Psicologia e que a fenomenologia e as perspectivas existenciais se afastam da ideia de objeto, uma vez que não consideram a consciência contraposta ao mundo. Outro desencontro apresenta-se na acentuada divergência entre James e o pensamento fenomenológico e existencial no que se refere ao método e à prática bem como aos objetivos da clínica.

Inatividade física em idosos não institucionalizados: estudo de base populacional

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Bruno Morbeck de Queiroz

2014-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a prevalência de inatividade física e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e condições de saúde associados em idosos do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudo descritivo e de associação, baseado em dados secundários originados de uma pesquisa epidemiológica de base populacional envolvendo 316 idosos. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnaire. As variáveis explanatórias foram: sexo, grupo etário, arranjo familiar, sabe ler e escrever, trabalho remunerado ou voluntário, tabagismo, sintomatologia depressiva, pressão arterial elevada, hiperglicemia em jejum e capacidade funcional. A prevalência da inatividade física foi de 46,5. Os resultados da análise múltipla indicaram que a inatividade física foi positivamente associada ao grupo etário ≥ 80 anos (RP = 2,37, a falta de ocupação (RP = 4,86 e a dependência nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária (RP = 1,47 e nas atividades básicas de vida diária (RP = 1,60. A inatividade física foi altamente prevalente na população estudada, tornando-se imprescindível a discussão de programas que incentivem e possibilite maior adesão à prática da atividade física, tendo em vista o combate a inatividade física e os fatores de risco decorrentes deste comportamento.

Design of Higher-k> and More Stable Rare Earth Oxides as Gate Dielectrics for Advanced CMOS Devices

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Yi Zhao

2012-08-01

Full Text Available High permittivity (k> gate dielectric films are widely studied to substitute SiO₂ as gate oxides to suppress the unacceptable gate leakage current when the traditional SiO₂ gate oxide becomes ultrathin. For high-k> gate oxides, several material properties are dominantly important. The first one, undoubtedly, is permittivity. It has been well studied by many groups in terms of how to obtain a higher permittivity for popular high-k> oxides, like HfO₂ and La₂O₃. The second one is crystallization behavior. Although it’s still under the debate whether an amorphous film is definitely better than ploy-crystallized oxide film as a gate oxide upon considering the crystal boundaries induced leakage current, the crystallization behavior should be well understood for a high-k> gate oxide because it could also, to some degree, determine the permittivity of the high-k> oxide. Finally, some high-k> gate oxides, especially rare earth oxides (like La₂O₃, are not stable in air and very hygroscopic, forming hydroxide. This topic has been well investigated in over the years and significant progresses have been achieved. In this paper, I will intensively review the most recent progresses of the experimental and theoretical studies for preparing higher-k> and more stable, in terms of hygroscopic tolerance and crystallization behavior, Hf- and La-based ternary high-k> gate oxides.

Methyl 2-Benzamido-2-(1H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethoxyacetate

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Alami Anouar

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The heterocyclic carboxylic α-aminoester methyl 2-benzamido-2-(1H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethoxyacetate is obtained by O>-alkylation of methyl α-azido glycinate N>-benzoylated with 1H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethanol.

Low Diversity Bacterial Community and the Trapping Activity of Metabolites from Cultivable Bacteria Species in the Female Reproductive System of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalisem> Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hongyu Zhang

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Our goal was to identify the bacteria inhabiting the reproductive system of the female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalisem> (Hendel, and evaluate the chemotaxis of B>. dorsalis> to the metabolites produced by the bacteria. Based on 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE, 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs were assigned to the five bacterial classes Betaproteobacteria>, Alphaproteobacteria>, Gammaproteobacteria>, Bacilli> and Actinobacteria>. Nine OTUs were assigned to Gammaproteobacteria>, which was the most highly represented class. Enterobacteriaceae> constituted the dominant family, and within this family, three genera and five species were identified, including Enterobacter sakazakiiem>, Klebsiella> oxytoca>, Klebsiella> pneumoniae,> Raoultellaem> terrigena em>and Enterobacter> amnigenus>. In this set, the first two species were the dominant components, and the latter three species were the minor ones. Finally, we found that the metabolites produced by R.> terrigenaem>, K. oxytocaem> and K.> pneumoniae em>were attractive to the B.> dorsalisem> adults, and in field studies, B.> dorsalisem> adults were most attracted to K.> oxytocaem>. Collectively, our results suggest that the female reproductive system plays an important role in the transfer of enterobacteria from the gut to fruit. Our data may prompt the development of a female-targeted population control strategy for this fly.

Latest Insights on Adenovirus Structure and Assembly

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Carmen San Martín

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Adenovirus (AdV capsid organization is considerably complex, not only because of its large size (~950 Å and triangulation number (pseudo em>T = 25, but also because it contains four types of minor proteins in specialized locations modulating the quasi-equivalent icosahedral interactions. Up until 2009, only its major components (hexon, penton, and fiber had separately been described in atomic detail. Their relationships within the virion, and the location of minor coat proteins, were inferred from combining the known crystal structures with increasingly more detailed cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM maps. There was no structural information on assembly intermediates. Later on that year, two reports described the structural differences between the mature and immature adenoviral particle, starting to shed light on the different stages of viral assembly, and giving further insights into the roles of core and minor coat proteins during morphogenesis [1,2]. Finally, in 2010, two papers describing the atomic resolution structure of the complete virion appeared [3,4]. These reports represent a veritable tour de forceem> for two structural biology techniques: X-ray crystallography and cryoEM, as this is the largest macromolecular complex solved at high resolution by either of them. In particular, the cryoEM analysis provided an unprecedented clear picture of the complex protein networks shaping the icosahedral shell. Here I review these latest developments in the field of AdV structural studies.

Terapia pulpar em dentes decíduos: possibilidades terapêuticas baseadas em evidências

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Natalino Lourenço Neto

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A pulpotomia em dentes decíduos é uma técnica conservadora de terapia pulpar amplamente utilizada em Odontopediatria, sendo de fundamental importância para evitar a perda prematura desses dentes, quer seja por alterações provocadas pela cárie dentária ou traumatismo dentário. Apesar de ser uma técnica estudada há muitos anos, causa muitas controvérsias e discussões, principalmente em termos de biocompatibilidade dos medicamentos empregados e pelas dificuldades e falhas no diagnóstico da condição pulpar. OBJETIVO: Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2011, e com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir, com base em evidências científicas, alternativas para o tratamento de pulpotomia em dentes decíduos humanos. CONCLUSÃO: As evidências científicas fidedignas com o uso de materiais capeadores pulpares e as técnicas de Eletrocirurgia e Laser de Baixa Potência foram escassas. Desta forma, sugere-se a realização de estudos complementares bem delineados estatisticamente para maiores esclarecimentos. As informações geradas em tais experimentos poderão contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos da terapia pulpar, podendo gerar o desenvolvimento de protocolos com novas formas terapêuticas, que visam a melhorar a terapia pulpar em dentes decíduos.

Prioridades estratégicas em serviços de pós-venda de uma empresa de manufatura de base tecnológica Strategic prioritization in after-sales services in a manufacturing technology center

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Miguel Afonso Sellitto

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi construir uma estrutura de temas estratégicos em serviços de pós-venda de uma empresa de manufatura de base tecnológica. O artigo faz uma revisão sobre operações e estratégia de pós-venda e apresenta a metodologia de pesquisa, o método de trabalho e os resultados de um caso-piloto em uma empresa de fabricação de equipamentos eletrônicos industriais. O método compreendeu sessões de grupos focados com especialistas que construíram uma estrutura de quatro temas estratégicos e vinte e três fatores de competição em pós-venda. A estrutura foi testada em questionário respondido por gestores da operação. Foram indagadas a importância e o desempenho da empresa nos fatores de competição da estrutura. Verificou-se que o fator reparos em bancada ou oficina tem mais desempenho que importância e está sobrevalorizado pela gestão. Também se verificou que os fatores testes acelerados, uso de confiabilidade em projeto e em garantia e uso de sistemas de informação para prospecção e para tratamento de clientes estão subvalorizados e poderiam receber mais recursos em uma eventual reformulação da estratégia de pós-venda. Os outros fatores mostraram-se equilibrados: os desempenhos avaliados são similares às importâncias atribuídas. Na continuidade, a pesquisa será estendida aos distribuidores da empresa que operam em campo a estratégia de pós-venda.This paper aimed at constructing a structure for strategic themes in after-sales services of a manufacturing technology center. After-sales service operations and strategy are reviewed and the research methodology, and the findings of a case study in an industrial electronic equipment manufacturer were presented. The method included team work that together with experts developed a structure composed of four strategic themes and twenty-three after sale competitive factors. The structure was tested by a questionnaire administered to operations managers

Redução de fósforo em dietas para frangos com base em valores de equivalência da fitase

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Luciana de Paula Naves

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de valores de equivalência da fitase como base para redução de fósforo disponível (P-disp em dietas para frangos. Foram avaliados dez planos nutricionais com seis repetições de 15 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se: desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e custo da ração. De 1 a 7 e de 36 a 42 dias de idade, as aves receberam dieta basal; de 8 a 21 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,9 g kg-1 de P-disp e quatro dietas com fitase contendo de 1,1 a 2,5 g kg-1 de P-disp; e de 22 a 35 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp mais dieta com fitase contendo 1,6 g kg-1 de P-disp. O melhor plano nutricional foi composto pelas dietas: 4,7 g kg-1 de P-disp sem fitase (1 a 7 dias; 2,0 g kg-1 de P-disp suplementada com fitase (8 a 21 dias; 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (22 a 35 dias; e 3,0 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (36 a 42 dias. A redução do P-disp ocorre no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade e corresponde a 2,0 g kg-1 de ração suplementada com fitase.

REQUERIMENTO EM FRIO, DINÂMICA E HETEROGENEIDADE DE DORMÊNCIA DE GEMAS EM RAMOS DE Salix x rubens CULTIVADO EM LAGES, SC

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Tássio Dresch Rech

2006-09-01

Full Text Available A intensidade de dormência e o requerimento em frio do vimeiro (Salix x rubens Shrank foram avaliados pelo método de estacas de gema isolada. As observações foram realizadas em ramos coletados em Lages, SC, a intervalos regulares de 21 dias, de 29/03/2004 a 2/08/2004. A brotação de gemas dos segmentos basal, mediano e distal de ramos do ano foi avaliada na ausência ou após suplementação de frio (500 ou de 1000 horas a 5  3ºC. A brotação de gemas foi avaliada nos estádios: a gemas inchadas; b início da abertura das gemas; c broto alongado e; d broto alongado com folha aberta. A intensidade de dormência das gemas foi crescente da base para a ponta dos ramos e foi máxima em 10 de maio, para todas as regiões do ramo. O tratamento com 500 horas de frio foi efetivo em reduzir o tempo para a brotação, em todas as épocas e posições das gemas no ramo. A avaliação até o aparecimento de folhas abertas foi importante para identificar a real capacidade de brotação das gemas.

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Warning system based on theoretical-experimental study of dispersion of soluble pollutants in rivers Sistema de alerta com base em estudo teórico-experimental de dispersão de poluentes solúveis em rios

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Celso B. de M. Ribeiro

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Information about capacity of transport and dispersion of soluble pollutants in natural streams are important in the management of water resources, especially in planning preventive measures to minimize the problems caused by accidental or intentional waste, in public health and economic activities that depend on the use of water. Considering this importance, this study aimed to develop a warning system for rivers, based on experimental techniques using tracers and analytical equations of one-dimensional transport of soluble pollutants conservative, to subsidizing the decision-making in the management of water resources. The system was development in JAVA programming language and MySQL database can predict the travel time of pollutants clouds from a point of eviction and graphically displays the temporal distribution of concentrations of passage clouds, in a particular location, downstream from the point of its launch.Informações sobre a capacidade de transporte e dispersão de poluentes solúveis em cursos de água naturais são importantes no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, principalmente no planejamento preventivo de medidas que visem a minimizar problemas à saúde pública e às atividades econômicas que dependem do uso da água, ocasionados por despejos acidentais ou intencionais. Considerando tal importância, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema de alerta para rios, com base em resultados experimentais, utilizando técnicas de traçadores e equações analíticas de transporte unidimensional de poluentes solúveis conservativos, visando a subsidiar a tomada de decisão no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. O sistema desenvolvido em linguagem de programação JAVA e banco de dados MySQL permite prever o tempo de percurso da nuvem de poluentes a partir de um ponto de despejo de um poluente e apresenta, graficamente, a distribuição temporal de concentrações da passagem da nuvem, em um determinado local, �

Activity-Guided Isolation of Antioxidant Compounds from Rhizophora apiculataem>

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Hongbin Xiao

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Rhizophora apiculataem> (R. apiculataem> contains an abundance of biologically active compounds due its special salt-tolerant living surroundings. In this study, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of various extract and fractions of stem of R. apiculataem> were investigated. Results indicated that butanol fraction possesses the highest total phenolic content (181.84 mg/g GAE/g dry extract with strongest antioxidant abilities. Following in vitroem> antioxidant activity-guided phytochemical separation procedures, lyoniresinol-3α-O>-β-arabinopyranoside (1, lyoniresinol-3α-O>-β-rhamnoside (2, and afzelechin-3-O>-L-rhamno-pyranoside (3 were separated from the butanol fraction. These compounds showed more noticeable antioxidant activity than a BHT standard in the DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. HPLC analysis results showed that among different plant parts, the highest content of 1–3 was located in the bark (0.068%, 0.066% and 0.011%, respectively. The results imply that the R. apiculataem> might be a potential source of natural antioxidants and 1–3 are antioxidant ingredients in R. apiculataem>.

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Novel 1H-Benzo[d>]imidazoles Phenyl Sulfonylpiperazines

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Amjad M. Qandil

2012-05-01

Full Text Available A group of benzimidazole analogs of sildenafil, 3-benzimidazolyl-4-methoxy-phenylsulfonylpiperazines 2–4 and 3-benzimidazolyl-4-methoxy-N,N>-dimethyl- benzenesulfonamide (5, were efficiently synthesized. Compounds 2–5 were characterized by NMR and MS and contrary to the reported mass spectra of sildenafil, the spectra of the piperazine-containing compounds 2–4 showed a novel fragmentation pattern leading to an m/z> = 316. A mechanism for the formation of this fragment was proposed.

Utilização de subprodutos de origem animal em dietas formuladas com base em proteína bruta e proteína ideal para frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

OpenAIRE

Cancherini,Luciana Cardoso; Junqueira,Otto Mack; Oliveira,Maria Cristina de; Andreotti,Marcelo de Oliveira; Barbosa,Maria José Baptista

2005-01-01

Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar a utilização de subprodutos de origem animal em dietas para frangos de corte, formuladas com base na proteína bruta ou proteína ideal. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1, com duas fontes de proteína de origem animal (farinha de vísceras de aves e farinha de sangue bovino), dois conceitos de formulação (proteína bruta e proteína ideal) e uma dieta testemunha à base de milho e farelo de soja, com quatro repetições. As ...

Soil structure degradation in patches of alfalfa fields Degradação da estrutura do solo em "patches" em pastagens de alfafa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Celeste Miretti

2010-10-01

propriedades do solo que podem afetar a produtividade da alfafa nos patches (PA e nas áreas normais (NA. Adicionalmente, os conteúdos de macro e micronutrientes foram determinados nas duas áreas. O experimento foi conduzido numa fazenda com solo Argiudol áquico. Dezoito pontos de amostragem foram estabelecidos, nove em PA e nove em NA. Em cada ponto foram coletadas amostras não perturbadas (5 × 5 cm para a determinação da densidade do solo (Ds, resistência do solo à penetração das raízes (RP, estresse efetivo (σ, curva de retenção de água e intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO. Amostras perturbadas foram coletadas para avaliar o conteúdo de macro e micronutrientes, e a distribuição de partículas por tamanho. Não foram encontradas diferenças nas propriedades químicas entre PA e NA. Existe predomínio de agregados pequenos em PA, e a Ds, RP e s atingiram valores mais elevados em PA, enquanto o IHO foi mais estreito. Inadequada aeração em condições de excessiva umidade do solo e elevada resistência mecânica em condições de secamento poderão afetar a produtividade da alfafa. Os resultados indicam que a qualidade física do solo em PA é inferior que em NA.

Osservazioni in cattività sul ciclo stagionale del peso corporeo e sull'efficienza digestiva di Pipistrellus kuhliiem> e Hypsugo saviiem> (Chiroptera: Verspertilionidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gianna Dondini

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Captivity observation on body weight cycle and digestive efficiency in Pipistrellus kuhliiem> and Hypsugo saviiem> (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae Many bat species of cold-temperate climate are subject to seasonal variation of temperature and food availability. Fat reserve during summer-autumn is therefore a physiological adaptation to spend the winter months by hibernating or to sustain migration. During a research on bats in urban areas, two juveniles of Kuhl's bat (Pipistrellus kuhliiem>, 2 females and two juveniles of Savi's bat (Hypsugo saviiem>, 1 male and 1 female were collected in 1997 in the urban area of Florence (central Italy. Bats were kept in a cage of 50x40x30 cm with a temperature between 17° and 22° C. Every day they were weighted with an electronic balance before eating mealworms (Tenebrio molitorem>. Digestive efficiency, calculated on dry material, was about 90% for both species. In about six months P. kuhliiem> and H. saviiem> increased on the average of 450% and 280% in weight respectively. Deposition of fat reserve seemed to be faster in P. kuhliiem> than in H. saviiem>. Both species showed a circannual cycle in the variation of weight. Riassunto Molte specie di pipistrelli dei climi temperato-freddi sono soggette a marcate variazioni stagionali di temperatura e disponibilità di cibo. L'accumulo di grasso in tarda estate-autunno è quindi un adattamento fisiologico per trascorrere in ibernazione i mesi invernali o per intraprendere la migrazione. Nell'ambito di una ricerca pluriennale sui pipistrelli in ambienti urbani, 4 esemplari giovani, di cui 2 di Pipistrello albolimbato (Pipistrellus kuhliiem>, 2 femmine e due di Pipistrello di Savi (Hypsugo saviiem>, 1 maschio e 1 femmina, sono stati raccolti nella pianura di Firenze durante l'estate del 1997 e mantenuti in un contenitore di 50x40x30 cm ad

Consumo de nutrientes em idosos residentes em Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil: um estudo de base populacional

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Carina Duarte Venturini

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo Para descrever o perfil de consumo de nutrientes e verificar a sua associação com as variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde, desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional em uma amostra aleatória de 427 idosos residentes em Porto Alegre, Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através do Inquérito Recordatório de 24 Horas e Investigação da História Dietética. Dos idosos entrevistados, 70% eram mulheres; 48,5% possuíam entre 60 e 69 anos; 68,8% possuíam menos de 8 anos de escolaridade; 39,0%, renda familiar entre 2 e 5 salários mínimos; e 58,4% não praticava exercício físico. A hipertensão foi a doença mais prevalente, e 54,9% dos idosos estavam abaixo do peso. Os homens consumiam mais calorias, proteínas, fibras, minerais e vitaminas do que as mulheres. O consumo de carboidrato e cálcio aumentou conforme o avanço da idade, assim como diminuiu a ingestão de zinco. A prática de exercício físico elevou o consumo de calorias, magnésio, potássio e fósforo. Quanto maior a escolaridade, maior é o consumo de vitaminas B6 e B12; quanto maior a renda familiar, maior o consumo de vitamina B6 e ácido fólico. Os resultados demonstram que há deficiências nutricionais na alimentação diária da nossa população de idosos, principalmente entre as mulheres e os indivíduos acima de 80 anos.

The ITER EC H and CD upper launcher: EM disruption analyses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaccaro, A.; Aiello, G.; Grossetti, G.; Meier, A.; Scherer, T.A.; Schreck, S.; Späh, P.; Strauß, D.; Saibene, G.; Cavinato, M.

2013-01-01

In the frame of the new grant started in November 2011 between Fusion for Energy (F4E) and the ECHUL-CA consortium, the development process of the Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (EC H and CD) upper launcher (UL) in ITER has moved a step toward the final design phase. Based on the 2009 preliminary design review version, the new configuration of the UL now features a thicker single-wall mainframe (up to 90 mm), a recessed first wall panel (100 mm, to reduce the impact of halo currents) and a new arrangement of the internal shield blocks. The main design drivers for the structural components are still the electromagnetic (EM) loads, which need to be reassessed for the new configuration of the UL. In this paper the results of a new EM 20° sector model of ITER, specialized for the UL, are shown. Six different disruption scenarios are considered in this work: upward linear (36 ms) and exponential (36 ms) vertical displacement events (VDE), upward linear (36 ms) and exponential (16 ms) major disruptions (MD), category II upward slow and slow–fast VDEs. Comparing the analyses’ results allowed to define a set of structural loads to be used as a reference for the forthcoming structural calculations

Computational methods for constructing protein structure models from 3D electron microscopy maps.

Science.gov (United States)

Esquivel-Rodríguez, Juan; Kihara, Daisuke

2013-10-01

Protein structure determination by cryo-electron microscopy (EM) has made significant progress in the past decades. Resolutions of EM maps have been improving as evidenced by recently reported structures that are solved at high resolutions close to 3Å. Computational methods play a key role in interpreting EM data. Among many computational procedures applied to an EM map to obtain protein structure information, in this article we focus on reviewing computational methods that model protein three-dimensional (3D) structures from a 3D EM density map that is constructed from two-dimensional (2D) maps. The computational methods we discuss range from de novo methods, which identify structural elements in an EM map, to structure fitting methods, where known high resolution structures are fit into a low-resolution EM map. A list of available computational tools is also provided. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS FISIOLÓGICOS IN VITRO DE DIFERENTES BASES DE MEIO DE CULTURA E REGULADORES VEGETAIS EM EUCALIPTO

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Débora de Araújo Mattos

2017-05-01

Full Text Available O cultivo in vitro de Eucalipto surgiu com a necessidade de clonar híbridos que possuam elevado valor econômico na indústria. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes meios de cultura (JADS e MS e citocininas (BAP, meta-Topolin e Kinetin em três concentrações (0,1; 0,2; 0,4 mg.L-1 no processo de multiplicação in vitro de dois híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, nomeados como Clone 1 e Clone 2. Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos em meio MS foram superiores ao meio JADS, e todos os tratamentos suplementados com Kinetin foram iguais ou semelhantes aos tratamentos sem regulador vegetal. Assim, o melhor tratamento para o Clone 1 foi em base de meio MS suplementado com 0,4 mg.L-1 de BAP, enquanto que para o Clone 2 foram os tratamentos em meio MS suplementados tanto com 0,2 mg.L-1 quanto 0,4 mg.L-1 de BAP.

Descoberta de conhecimento em base de dados de eventos de desligamentos de empresas de distribuição

OpenAIRE

Tronchoni, Alex B.; Pretto, Carlos O.; Rosa, Mauro A. da; Lemos, Flávio A. Becon

2010-01-01

Este artigo explora a técnica de Descoberta de Conhecimento em Base de Dados (Knowledge Discovery in Databases - KDD) com o objetivo de qualificar a informação recolhida durante os trabalhos de recomposição de sistemas de distribuição por equipes de eletricistas. Esta qualificação possibilita a utilização de técnicas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) para apoiar decisões de investimentos em planejamento, operação e manutenção de sistemas de distribuição. Com o objetivo de ilustrar a importância...

Co-Autoria em Ensino e Pesquisa em Administração e Contabilidade no Brasil: Uma Década em Análise

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Lélis Balestrin Espartel

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Uma das principais tendências verificadas nos últimos anos é o aumento da colaboração científica, caracterizada pela co-autoria. Muitos autores destacam a importância do tema e indicam o crescimento da co-autoria na produção acadêmica. Entretanto, em âmbito nacional, nenhum trabalho considerou a análise de co-autoria no campo da Administração. Com base nisso, este estudo, de caráter bibliométrico, analisou os artigos publicados em co-autoria nos anais dos congressos promovidos pela ANPAD no período entre 2001 e 2010, perfazendo 12 eventos: 10 Encontros da ANPAD (EnANPAD e 2 Encontros de Ensino e Pesquisa em Administração e Contabilidade (EnEPQ. Ao total foram investigados 778 trabalhos. De uma forma geral, nota-se que grande parte dos trabalhos conduzidos em Administração no Brasil, na última década, utiliza a co-autoria. Quanto ao formato dos artigos, observa-se que a co-autoria prevalece nos estudos empíricos, enquanto os estudos teóricos são desenvolvidos, em sua maioria, por um único autor. No caso dos trabalhos teóricos, elaborados em co-autoria, nota-se, em média, um número menor de autores do que em trabalhos empíricos. Dentre os empíricos realizados em co-autoria, também há diferenças significativas, sendo que os trabalhos quantitativos apresentaram uma média de autores superior a dos artigos qualitativos. Também foi realizada uma análise da rede formada pelas 197 IES identificadas, fazendo considerações sobre a sua densidade, distância geodésica média, centralização e proximidade entre os elos. Acrescido a estas análises, discussões e considerações a respeito da co-autoria em Administração também são apresentadas no artigo. Sugestões de pesquisas futuras são propostas.

New approach to a global description of the deuteron electromagnetic structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dubnickova, A.Z.; Dubnicka, S.

1991-07-01

A new approach to a global description of the deuteron electro-magnetic (EM) structure is developed on the bases of a modification of the well known vector-meson-dominance (VMD) model of EM hadron interactions by incorporating the true deuteron form factor (FF) analytic properties, non-zero vector meson widths and the correct power asymptotic behaviour as predicted by QCD. As a result, the experimental data on elastic electron-deuteron scattering structure functions A(t) and B(t) are described quite well, the deuteron EM FF's in the space-like region are reproduced and their behaviour in the time- like region is predicted. At the same time the couplings of the ω-mesons to deuteron are evaluated and the total cross section of e + e - → dd-bar process is determined for the first time. (author). 47 refs, 5 figs

Turismo em favelas: notas etnográficas sobre um debate em curso

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Camila Moraes

2016-12-01

Full Text Available As favelas do Rio de Janeiro têm sido alvo de intensa visitação turística desde os anos 2000. Se antes esse turismo se concentrava na Rocinha, paradigmática favela turística, hoje expande-se para outras favelas da cidade, e tal expansão vem acompanhada da ampliação do debate sobre esse tipo específico de turismo. Neste artigo, analiso três eventos de disputa em torno do tema “turismo em favelas”, ocorridos entre 2014 e 2015: a série de debates “Fala Vidigal!”; o I Congresso de Turismo de Base Comunitária da Rocinha; e o Grupo de Trabalho (GT sobre Turismo em Favelas na Câmara dos Vereadores do Rio de Janeiro. Os três eventos se apresentaram como interessantes cenários para observação participante e análise dos discursos sobre turismo em favela, tanto por parte da academia, como também por parte de empreendedores externos, empreendedores locais, moradores de favelas e órgãos públicos.

Estoque e crescimento em volume, biomassa, carbono e dióxido de carbono em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual

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Agostinho Lopes de Souza

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o estoque e o crescimento em volume (V, biomassa (B, carbono (C e dióxido de carbono (CO2 em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Vale do Rio Doce, em Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados dados de inventários do estrato arbóreo (DAP > 5,0 cm, cujas parcelas permanentes foram medidas em 2002 e 2007, em estágios médio (Mata 1 e avançado (Mata 2 de regeneração da vegetação secundária. Com base no inventário de 2002, foram selecionadas espécies que apresentavam maiores percentuais em volume e no mínimo cinco indivíduos para determinar as densidades básicas da madeira e da casca. A média da densidade básica da madeira foi de 0,65 g.cm-3 e da casca, igual a 0,49 g.cm-3. Os estoques e os crescimentos em V, B, C e CO2 foram estimados nos dois estágios, Mata 1 e Mata 2. Pelo fato de as matas se encontrarem em estágios médio e avançado de regeneração, respectivamente, elas apresentavam estruturas, estoques e crescimentos distintos.

Structure-based membrane dome mechanism for Piezo mechanosensitivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Yusong R; MacKinnon, Roderick

2017-12-12

Mechanosensitive ion channels convert external mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals for critical processes including touch sensation, balance, and cardiovascular regulation. The best understood mechanosensitive channel, MscL, opens a wide pore, which accounts for mechanosensitive gating due to in-plane area expansion. Eukaryotic Piezo channels have a narrow pore and therefore must capture mechanical forces to control gating in another way. We present a cryo-EM structure of mouse Piezo1 in a closed conformation at 3.7Å-resolution. The channel is a triskelion with arms consisting of repeated arrays of 4-TM structural units surrounding a pore. Its shape deforms the membrane locally into a dome. We present a hypothesis in which the membrane deformation changes upon channel opening. Quantitatively, membrane tension will alter gating energetics in proportion to the change in projected area under the dome. This mechanism can account for highly sensitive mechanical gating in the setting of a narrow, cation-selective pore. © 2017, Guo et al.

PRODUTIVIDADE E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE MINICEPAS DE Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage EM SISTEMA DE HIDROPONIA E EM TUBETE

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Levi Souza Júnior

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produtividade e sobrevivência de minicepas de Eucalyptus benthamii, de origem seminal, manejados em cultivo hidropônico e em tubetes. Com relação à sobrevivência não foi constatada diferença entre os sistemas de manejo estudados, enquanto que para a produtividade das minicepas, o cultivo hidropônico apresentou resultados superiores, com média de 8,1 miniestacas por minicepa por coleta em comparação a 4,1 do sistema de tubetes. Com base nesses resultados, conclui-se que o manejo das minicepas em tubete e em cultivo hidropônico é viável tecnicamente, sendo esse último uma alternativa mais promissora para produção de propágulos vegetativos da espécie.

Glycosylation of Vanillin and 8-Nordihydrocapsaicin by Cultured Eucalyptus perrinianaem> Cells

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Naoji Kubota

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Glycosylation of vanilloids such as vanillin and 8-nordihydrocapsaicin by cultured plant cells of Eucalyptus perrinianaem> was studied. Vanillin was converted into vanillin 4-O>-b-D-glucopyranoside, vanillyl alcohol, and 4-O>-b-D-glucopyranosylvanillyl alcohol by E. perriniana em>cells. Incubation of cultured E. perrinianaem> cells with 8-nor- dihydrocapsaicin gave 8-nordihydrocapsaicin 4-O>-b-D-glucopyranoside and 8-nordihydro- capsaicin 4-O>-b-D-gentiobioside.

Utilização de subprodutos de origem animal em dietas formuladas com base em proteína bruta e proteína ideal para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 dias de idade

OpenAIRE

Cancherini,Luciana Cardoso; Junqueira,Otto Mack; Oliveira,Maria Cristina de; Andreotti,Marcelo de Oliveira; Barbosa,Maria José Baptista

2005-01-01

Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar a utilização de subprodutos de origem animal em dietas para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 dias de idade, formuladas com base nos conceitos de proteína bruta e proteína ideal. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2+1, ou seja, duas fontes de proteína de origem animal (farinha de vísceras de aves e farinha de sangue bovino), dois conceitos de formulação (proteína bruta e proteína ideal) e uma dieta controle à base de milho e f...

Interações em atividades de docência online em ambientes de imersão 3D

OpenAIRE

Castelo Branco Lins, Walquíria

2010-01-01

A presente pesquisa se insere no contexto das investigações das interações na Educação à Distância, em ambientes virtuais 3D online. Nosso objetivo foi analisar as interações em atividades docentes em ambientes que simulam a imersão 3D online, a fim de compreender as interações realizadas nestes ambientes. Tomamos por base a tríade de interação: Interface (representando os materiais ou recursos), o professor e o aluno, a partir dos estudos de Sutton (2001), Anderson (2004), Moo...

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Preferencia alimenticia del ácaro depredador Balaustium> sp. en condiciones controladas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muñoz Karen

2009-04-01

Full Text Available
Se evaluó la preferencia de presas de Balaustium> sp., enemigo natural de diferentes artrópodos plaga, y el cual es nativo de la Sabana de Bogotá. En unidades experimentales construidas con foliolos de plantas de rosa se colocaron independientemente individuos de Balaustium> sp. y se registró el número de presas consumidas. De esta manera se determinó la preferencia de los tres estados móviles del ácaro depredador Balaustium> sp. por diferentes edades de tres presas. Las especies y edades de las presas estudiadas fueron: huevos, ninfas y adultos de Trialeurodes vaporariorumem>, huevos, ninfas y adultos de Tetranychus urticaeem>, y larvas de primer y segundo instar y adultos de Frankliniella occidentalisem>. Los estados menos desarrollados fueron preferidos, aunque se observó que los adultos del depredador tienen gran habilidad para consumir adultos de T. vaporariorumem>. La presa preferida por las larvas de Balaustium> sp. fue los huevos de T. urticaeem> con una proporción de consumo de 0,54 de los huevos que se ofrecieron de esta presa; las deutoninfas del depredador eligieron huevos de T. vaporariorumem> (0,537 o de T. urticaeem> (0,497 y los adultos de Balaustium> sp. prefrieron los huevos de T. vaporariorumem> (0,588.

Localized structures of electromagnetic waves in hot electron-positron plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kartal, S.; Tsintsadze, L.N.; Berezhiani, V.I.

1995-08-01

The dynamics of relatively strong electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in hot electron-positron plasma is investigated. The possibility of finding localized stationary structures of EM waves is explored. It it shown that under certain conditions the EM wave forms a stable localized soliton-like structures where plasma is completely expelled from the region of EM field location. (author). 9 refs, 2 figs

FOLD-EM: automated fold recognition in medium- and low-resolution (4-15 Å) electron density maps.

Science.gov (United States)

Saha, Mitul; Morais, Marc C

2012-12-15

Owing to the size and complexity of large multi-component biological assemblies, the most tractable approach to determining their atomic structure is often to fit high-resolution radiographic or nuclear magnetic resonance structures of isolated components into lower resolution electron density maps of the larger assembly obtained using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). This hybrid approach to structure determination requires that an atomic resolution structure of each component, or a suitable homolog, is available. If neither is available, then the amount of structural information regarding that component is limited by the resolution of the cryo-EM map. However, even if a suitable homolog cannot be identified using sequence analysis, a search for structural homologs should still be performed because structural homology often persists throughout evolution even when sequence homology is undetectable, As macromolecules can often be described as a collection of independently folded domains, one way of searching for structural homologs would be to systematically fit representative domain structures from a protein domain database into the medium/low resolution cryo-EM map and return the best fits. Taken together, the best fitting non-overlapping structures would constitute a 'mosaic' backbone model of the assembly that could aid map interpretation and illuminate biological function. Using the computational principles of the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), we have developed FOLD-EM-a computational tool that can identify folded macromolecular domains in medium to low resolution (4-15 Å) electron density maps and return a model of the constituent polypeptides in a fully automated fashion. As a by-product, FOLD-EM can also do flexible multi-domain fitting that may provide insight into conformational changes that occur in macromolecular assemblies.

Processos dependentes de informação em empresas incubadas e graduadas de base tecnológica: um estudo comparativo de casos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thais Elaine Vick

Full Text Available A competitividade, atualmente, introduz novos comportamentos e leva empresas a uma situação de desconforto e, muitas vezes, a não adaptação às exigências ambientais. Percebe-se um crescente número de desafios associados com o controle de informação em organizações com atividades de engenharia, em particular os volumes crescentes de informação de natureza continuamente mutável. Pode-se afirmar que o desempenho inovador de uma organização é diretamente proporcional a sua capacidade de gerenciar informações. Desta forma, a importância da gestão da informação é reconhecida em detrimento da procura de meios mais competentes para atender demandas atuais. O artigo teve como propósito analisar doze processos dependentes de informação em empresas de base tecnológica, através das principais fases do processo de gerenciamento da informação. Optou-se pelo emprego do método comparativo de casos e pela pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em nove empresas de base tecnológica, as quais se encontravam incubadas ou que passaram recentemente pela fase de incubação no Parque Tecnológico da cidade de São Carlos, do estado de São Paulo. Entre os principais resultados, constatou-se que, nas empresas graduadas, a gestão da informação e seus procedimentos foram identificados de forma mais consciente e estruturados em relação às empresas incubadas.

DeepPicker: A deep learning approach for fully automated particle picking in cryo-EM.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Feng; Gong, Huichao; Liu, Gaochao; Li, Meijing; Yan, Chuangye; Xia, Tian; Li, Xueming; Zeng, Jianyang

2016-09-01

Particle picking is a time-consuming step in single-particle analysis and often requires significant interventions from users, which has become a bottleneck for future automated electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). Here we report a deep learning framework, called DeepPicker, to address this problem and fill the current gaps toward a fully automated cryo-EM pipeline. DeepPicker employs a novel cross-molecule training strategy to capture common features of particles from previously-analyzed micrographs, and thus does not require any human intervention during particle picking. Tests on the recently-published cryo-EM data of three complexes have demonstrated that our deep learning based scheme can successfully accomplish the human-level particle picking process and identify a sufficient number of particles that are comparable to those picked manually by human experts. These results indicate that DeepPicker can provide a practically useful tool to significantly reduce the time and manual effort spent in single-particle analysis and thus greatly facilitate high-resolution cryo-EM structure determination. DeepPicker is released as an open-source program, which can be downloaded from https://github.com/nejyeah/DeepPicker-python. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Jogo da Minoria: um modelo baseado em agentes aplicado ao mercado financeiro Minority Game: an agent-based model applied to financial market

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Fernando Crepaldi

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos houve uma contribuição significativa dos físicos para a construção de um tipo de modelo baseado em agentes que busca reproduzir, em simulação computacional, o comportamento do mercado financeiro. Esse modelo, chamado Jogo da Minoria consiste de um grupo de agentes que vão ao mercado comprar ou vender ativos. Eles tomam decisões com base em estratégias e, por meio delas, os agentes estabelecem um intrincado jogo de competição e coordenação pela distribuição da riqueza. O modelo tem demonstrado resultados bastante ricos e surpreendentes, tanto na dinâmica do sistema como na capacidade de reproduzir características estatísticas e comportamentais do mercado financeiro. Neste artigo, são apresentadas a estrutura e a dinâmica do Jogo da Minoria, bem como as contribuições recentes relacionadas ao Jogo da Minoria denominado de Grande Canônico, que é um modelo mais bem ajustado às características do mercado financeiro e reproduz as regularidades estatísticas do preço dos ativos chamadas fatos estilizados.Over the past ten years physicists have made a significant contribution to the building of an agent-based model to reproduce the behavior of financial markets using computer simulation. This model, called the Minority Game, consists of a group of agents that buy or sell assets. They make decisions based on strategies, and through them the agents establish an intricate game of competition and coordination resulting in the distribution of wealth. The model has shown outstanding surprising results concerning both the dynamics of the system and the ability to reproduce statistical and behavior characteristics of the financial market. In this study, the structure and dynamics of the Minority Game and the recent contributions related to the Grand Canonical Minority game, a model which is better adapted to the characteristics of the financial market and reproduce the statistical regularities of asset prices (called

Equilíbrio ácido-base e hidroeletrolítico em eqüinos com cólica

OpenAIRE

Di Filippo,Paula Alessandra; Santana,Aureo Evangelista; Pereira,Gener Tadeu

2008-01-01

Foram utilizados setenta eqüinos distribuídos em três grupos experimentais, G1 (vinte eqüinos hígidos), G2 (vinte e cinco eqüinos com cólica, os quais passaram por tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico e sobreviveram) e G3 (vinte e cinco eqüinos com cólica, os quais passaram por tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico e foram a óbito ou foram sacrificados). Amostras de sangue foram obtidas em dez diferentes momentos, mediante punção da jugular, para estudo do equilíbrio ácido-base e hidroeletrolítico. Os e...

Kernkraftwerke Lippe-Ems (KLE). 1997 annual report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

The Kernkraftwerke Lippe-Ems GmbH (KLE) is the operator of the Emsland reactor station at Lingen (Ems), equipped with a 1300 MW PWR. The partners of KLE are VEW ENERGIE, PreussenElektra, and RWE Energie. The nuclear power station was used over the reporting period as a base-load power plant operating under full-load conditions. The total gross electricity output was 11235 million kWh, which is the highest annual total output ever since start-up. The net electricity generation over the reporting amounted to 10650 million kWh. The personnel employed with KLE at the end of the reporting year amounts to 287. The reduction of the nominal capital of the GmbH to 900 000 TDM, decided by the partners in 1996, became legally effective in April 1997. The dominant features of the structure of expenses of KLE are expenses for the fuel inventory and spent fuel management, for the legally required reserves for decommissioning, and writeoffs. The contractual electric power rates negotiated with the partners cover all load and capacity-dependent expenses; in addition, the partners receive their contractual shares of the profit resulting from interests paid on the nominal capital. (orig./CB) [de

Generation of a Highly Reactive Chicken-Derived Single-Chain Variable Fragment against Fusarium verticillioidesem> by Phage Display

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zu-Quan Hu

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Fusarium> verticillioides> is the primary causal agent of Fusarium ear and kernel rot in maize, producing fumonisin mycotoxins that are toxic to humans and domestic animals. Rapid detection and monitoring of fumonisin-producing fungi are pivotally important for the prevention of mycotoxins from entering into food/feed products. Chicken-derived single-chain variable fragments (scFvs against cell wall-bound proteins from F. verticillioidesem> were isolated from an immunocompetent phage display library. Comparative phage enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs and sequencing analyses identified four different scFv antibodies with high sensitivity. Soluble antibody ELISAs identified two highly sensitive scFv antibodies, FvCA3 and FvCA4, with the latter being slightly more sensitive. Three-dimensional modeling revealed that the FvCA4 may hold a better overall structure with CDRH3, CDRL1 and CDRL3 centered in the core region of antibody surface compared with that of other scFvs. Immunofluorescence labeling revealed that the binding of FvCA4 antibody was localized to the cell walls of conidiospores and hyphae of F. verticillioidesem>, confirming the specificity of this antibody for a surface target. This scFv antibody was able to detect the fungal mycelium as low as 10⁻² μg/mL and contaminating mycelium at a quantity of 10⁻² mg/g maize. This is the first report that scFv antibodies derived from phage display have a wide application for rapid and accurate detection and monitoring of fumonisin-producing pathogens in agricultural samples.

Estudo de argamassa à base de cal e metacaulim para intervenções em revestimento das edificações históricas

OpenAIRE

Souza, Juliana Santa Cruz

2013-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar argamassas a base de cal com teores diferenciados de metacaulim para a restauração de revestimento nas edificações históricas. Confrontou-se cinco traços de argamassa à base de cal, metacaulim e mistura binária de agregado miúdo, sendo mantida a proporção de ligante e agregado em massa constante 1:3. Os traços possuem modificação na proporção de cal e metacaulim, sendo a cal substituída em massa por metacaulim nas porcentagens de 0%, ...

Reliability-based optimization of engineering structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, John Dalsgaard

2008-01-01

The theoretical basis for reliability-based structural optimization within the framework of Bayesian statistical decision theory is briefly described. Reliability-based cost benefit problems are formulated and exemplitied with structural optimization. The basic reliability-based optimization...... problems are generalized to the following extensions: interactive optimization, inspection and repair costs, systematic reconstruction, re-assessment of existing structures. Illustrative examples are presented including a simple introductory example, a decision problem related to bridge re...

Antioxidant Profile of Trifolium pratenseem> L.

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Heidy Schwartsova

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In order to examine the antioxidant properties of five different extracts of Trifolium pratenseem> L. (Leguminosae leaves, various assays which measure free radical scavenging ability were carried out: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenger capacity tests and lipid peroxidation assay. In all of the tests, only the H₂O and (to some extent the EtOAc extracts showed a potent antioxidant effect compared with BHT and BHA, well-known synthetic antioxidants. In addition, in vivo em>experiments were conducted with antioxidant systems (activities of GSHPx, GSHR, Px, CAT, XOD, GSH content and intensity of LPx in liver homogenate and blood of mice after their treatment with extracts of T. pratenseem> leaves, or in combination with CCl₄. Besides, in the extracts examined the total phenolic and flavonoid amounts were also determined, together with presence of the selected flavonoids: quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, naringenin and kaempferol, which were studied using a HPLC-DAD technique. HPLC-DAD analysis showed a noticeable content of natural products according to which the examined Trifolium pratenseem> species could well be regarded as a promising new source of bioactive natural compounds, which can be used both as a food supplement and a remedy.

NORMAS BASEADAS EM PRINCÍPIOS E EM REGRAS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DAS NORMAS DO IASB E FASB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Henrique Gurgel Mota

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Em meio às normas emitidas pelo International Accounting Standards Board (IASB e pelo Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar quais as principais normas em que as características que as conduzem a ser mais baseadas em princípios ou em regras são mais evidentes. Para atingir esse objetivo, este trabalho compara as principais normas emitidas pelo IASB e pelo FASB. Esses dois órgãos normatizadores foram escolhidos devido ao fato de que a literatura corrente considera que as normas emitidas pelo IASB e pelo FASB são, respectivamente, baseadas em princípios e em regras. Este trabalho, fruto de uma pesquisa documental e uma análise de conteúdo, revela que as normas do FASB, apesar de terem uma estrutura conceitual como base, possuem diversas especificidades que permitem que sejam consideradas como baseadas em regras. Dentre as normas estudadas, a característica do detalhamento presente nas normas de receitas emitidas pelo FASB e a presença de bright lines ou “limites” percentuais nas normas de relatórios por segmento, provisões e arrendamento mercantil conduzem a se classificar como baseadas em regras. Já as normas do IASB, por serem menos detalhadas e, praticamente, não possuírem bright lines, deixam espaço para maior julgamento profissional, ou seja, apresentam mais características de normas baseadas em princípios.

Representações sociais de educação em saúde em tempos de AIDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabeth Teixeira

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Estudo qualitativo e descritivo, cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar as representações sociais de educação em saúde à pessoa vivendo com HIV entre profissionais de saúde. Os cenários foram três serviços de atenção à DST/HIV/AIDS, em Belém-PA, Brasil, e 37 profissionais de saúde participaram da pesquisa. A coleta de dados deu-se em 2012-2013 por meio de entrevista em profundidade; a análise utilizou o software Alceste 4.10. Com base no conjunto dos resultados foi possível vislumbrar que a educação em saúde pode ser compreendida a partir de categorias: a configuração do agir educativo; as condições sine qua non: educação no trabalho e estrutura da unidade; o processo pedagógico. Conclui-se que as representações sociais configuram-se como orientação-informação para precaução-prevenção e revelam-se no movimento do agir persistente ao emergente, o que suscita uma educação em saúde permanente para se chegar à integralidade nos serviços.

Bioassay-Guided Antidiabetic Study of Phaleria macrocarpaem> Fruit Extract

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Mohd Z. Asmawi

2012-04-01

Full Text Available An earlier anti-hyperglycemic study with serial crude extracts of Phaleria macrocarpaem> (PM fruit indicated methanol extract (ME as the most effective. In the present investigation, the methanol extract was further fractionated to obtain chloroform (CF, ethyl acetate (EAF, n>-butanol (NBF and aqueous (AF fractions, which were tested for antidiabetic activity. The NBF reduced blood glucose (p> < 0.05 15 min after administration, in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT similar to metformin. Moreover, it lowered blood glucose in diabetic rats by 66.67% (p> em>< 0.05, similar to metformin (51.11%, glibenclamide (66.67% and insulin (71.43% after a 12-day treatment, hence considered to be the most active fraction. Further fractionation of NBF yielded sub-fractions I (SFI and II (SFII, and only SFI lowered blood glucose (p em>< 0.05, in IPGTT similar to glibenclamide. The ME, NBF, and SFI correspondingly lowered plasma insulin (p em>< 0.05 and dose-dependently inhibited glucose transport across isolated rat jejunum implying an extra-pancreatic mechanism. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes and tannins, in ME, NBF and SFI, and LC-MS analyses revealed 9.52%, 33.30% and 22.50% mangiferin respectively. PM fruit possesses anti-hyperglycemic effect, exerted probably through extra-pancreatic action. Magniferin, contained therein may be responsible for this reported activity.

Core@shell@shell structured carbon-based magnetic ternary nanohybrids: Synthesis and their enhanced microwave absorption properties

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Erqi; Qi, Xiaosi; Xie, Ren; Bai, Zhongchen; Jiang, Yang; Qin, Shuijie; Zhong, Wei; Du, Youwei

2018-05-01

High encapsulation efficiency of core@shell@shell structured carbon-based magnetic ternary nanohybrids have been synthesized in high yield by chemical vapor deposition of acetylene directly over octahedral-shaped Fe2O3 nanoparticles. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, Fe3O4@Fe3C@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Fe@Fe3C@CNTs ternary nanohybrids could be selectively produced. The optimal RL values for the as-prepared ternary nanohybrids could reach up to ca. -46.7, -52.7 and -29.5 dB, respectively. The excellent microwave absorption properties of the obtaiend ternary nanohybrids were proved to ascribe to the quarter-wavelength matching model. Moreover, the as-prepared Fe@Fe3C@CNTs ternary nanohybrids displayed remarkably enhanced EM wave absorption capabilities compared to Fe3O4@Fe3C@CNTs due to their excellent dielectric loss abilities, good complementarities between the dielectric loss and the magnetic loss, and high attenuation constant. Generally, this strategy can be extended to explore other categories of core@shell or core@shell@shell structured carbon-based nanohybrids, which is very beneficial to accelerate the advancements of high performance MAMs.

A non-invasive genetic survey of the Pine marten (Martes martesem> in the western river Po plain (italy: preliminary results

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Balestrieri

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Riassunto Monitoraggio genetico non invasivo della martora (Martes martesem> nella pianura padana occidentale: risultati preliminari. Tra il 2003 e il 2004, due esemplari di martora (Martes martesem> sono stati investiti da automezzi sulla sponda sinistra del fiume Po (R. N. Garzaia di Valenza, Piemonte. Per accertare la presenza stabile della specie nella Riserva e lungo il tratto vercellese-alessandrino del Parco fluviale del Po, è stato applicato un metodo PCR-RFLP per l’analisi di mtDNA di origine fecale. A partire da gennaio 2007, sono state raccolte 212 feci attribuibili al genere Martes> in base a forma e dimensioni. L’analisi di un campione di 117 feci (55% ha permesso di identificare 10 feci di martora e 15 di faina (M. foinaem>, confermando la presenza della martora nella Riserva e accertandola per la prima volta in un’area collinare in sponda destra del Po (Camino, AL, circa 32 km a monte della Riserva. Resta da valutare se la scarsa resa dell’amplificazione del DNA (21,4% sia dovuta alla degradazione del materiale genetico o ad un numero elevato di feci di volpe (Vulpes vulpesem> erroneamente attribuite a Martes> durante la fase di raccolta.

Mapping population-based structural connectomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhengwu; Descoteaux, Maxime; Zhang, Jingwen; Girard, Gabriel; Chamberland, Maxime; Dunson, David; Srivastava, Anuj; Zhu, Hongtu

2018-05-15

Advances in understanding the structural connectomes of human brain require improved approaches for the construction, comparison and integration of high-dimensional whole-brain tractography data from a large number of individuals. This article develops a population-based structural connectome (PSC) mapping framework to address these challenges. PSC simultaneously characterizes a large number of white matter bundles within and across different subjects by registering different subjects' brains based on coarse cortical parcellations, compressing the bundles of each connection, and extracting novel connection weights. A robust tractography algorithm and streamline post-processing techniques, including dilation of gray matter regions, streamline cutting, and outlier streamline removal are applied to improve the robustness of the extracted structural connectomes. The developed PSC framework can be used to reproducibly extract binary networks, weighted networks and streamline-based brain connectomes. We apply the PSC to Human Connectome Project data to illustrate its application in characterizing normal variations and heritability of structural connectomes in healthy subjects. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Alimentazione di Marmota marmotaem> in praterie altimontane delle dolomiti bellunesi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Rudatis

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract The diet of Marmota marmotaem> in the mountain prairie of south-eastern Italian Alps. Diet composition of two family groups of alpine marmots was investigated in two areas of the Agordino’s Dolomites (Italian Alps in June-September 2001, by means of microscopic analysis of faeces and of direct observation of feeding activity. During the whole period of activity, a high consume of Angiosperms was confirmed, especially plants in flower; among them the “graminoids” seemed to play an important role only during the initial part of the active period. Generally vegetative parts predominated over flowers. The ingestion of animal preys was not confirmed by the analysis of droppings. Comparing diet composition of the two groups, Graminaceae (Poa>, Phleum>, Compositae (Achillea>, Cyperaceae/Juncaceae, Leguminosae (Anthyllis>, Rosaceae, and Labiatae (Prunella>, Stachys> formed the bulk of marmot diet in the study areas. Diet showed low diversity considering the abundance of plant species in the surrounding environment. Food resources were probably used in relation to their easy digestibility, with a high content in proteins, sugar and water. The knowledge of vegetation features in relation to marmot trophic habits can represent a useful tool for the management of this species. Riassunto Il regime alimentare di due gruppi di Marmotta alpina è stato studiato in giugno-settembre 2001 in due aree delle Dolomiti agordine (SE Italia, attraverso l’analisi microscopica delle feci e l’osservazione diretta dell’attività alimentare. Durante tutto il periodo di attività si è notato un forte consumo di Angiosperme, specialmente piante a fiore, mentre le ”graminoidi” sembra giochino un ruolo importante all’inizio della stagione. In generale le parti vegetali predominano sui fiori. L’ingestione di prede animali non è stata

Aclimatização de bastão-do-imperador (Etlingera elatior em substratos à base de coco = Ginger flower (Etlingera elatior acclimation in coconut-based substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriane Marinho de Assis

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A aclimatização é uma etapa da micropropagação que inspira cuidados, pela dificuldade de transferir com sucesso as plântulas in vitro para a casa-de-vegetação. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de substratos à base de coco durante a aclimatização de bastão-do-imperador. As mudas, obtidas de cultivo in vitro, apresentavam,inicialmente, altura média de 6,2 + 0,4 cm. Foram cultivadas em vasos de polipropileno, permanecendo em viveiro com 70% de luminosidade. Os tratamentos foram: areia, coco em pó, coco desfibrado, coco em pó + areia, coco desfibrado + areia e coco em pó + coco desfibrado. Cinco meses após o transplantio avaliaram-se as variáveis proporção desobrevivência, altura da parte aérea, massa fresca, número de brotos, massa seca das raízes e pH dos substratos. Os substratos areia, coco em pó + areia e coco desfibrado + areia proporcionaram os melhores resultados para todas variáveis acima descritas, sendo recomendados para a aclimatização de bastão-do-imperador.Acclimation is a stage in micro-propagation that requires special attention due to the difficult process involving the successful transfer of in vitro plantlets to the greenhouse. The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of coconut-based substrates in ginger flower acclimation. Seedlings from in vitro cultivation initially presented an average height of 6.2 ± 4 cm. They were grown in polypropylene vases kept in a nursery, with 70% of light. The following treatments were used: sand, coconut powder, de-fiberedcoconut, coconut powder + sand, de-fibered coconut + sand, and coconut powder + defibered coconut. Five months after transplantation, the following variables were analyzed: survival rate, aerial part height, fresh matter, number of seedlings, root dry matter, and substrate pH. Sand, powder coconut + sand and de-fibered coconut + sand showed the best results for all variables analyzed, and they are recommended for ginger

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Incubator embedded cell culture imaging system (EmSight) based on Fourier ptychographic microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jinho; Henley, Beverley M; Kim, Charlene H; Lester, Henry A; Yang, Changhuei

2016-08-01

Multi-day tracking of cells in culture systems can provide valuable information in bioscience experiments. We report the development of a cell culture imaging system, named EmSight, which incorporates multiple compact Fourier ptychographic microscopes with a standard multiwell imaging plate. The system is housed in an incubator and presently incorporates six microscopes. By using the same low magnification objective lenses as the objective and the tube lens, the EmSight is configured as a 1:1 imaging system that, providing large field-of-view (FOV) imaging onto a low-cost CMOS imaging sensor. The EmSight improves the image resolution by capturing a series of images of the sample at varying illumination angles; the instrument reconstructs a higher-resolution image by using the iterative Fourier ptychographic algorithm. In addition to providing high-resolution brightfield and phase imaging, the EmSight is also capable of fluorescence imaging at the native resolution of the objectives. We characterized the system using a phase Siemens star target, and show four-fold improved coherent resolution (synthetic NA of 0.42) and a depth of field of 0.2 mm. To conduct live, long-term dopaminergic neuron imaging, we cultured ventral midbrain from mice driving eGFP from the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. The EmSight system tracks movements of dopaminergic neurons over a 21 day period.

Ipomoea aquaticaem> Extract Shows Protective Action Against Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Hamid A. Hadi

2012-05-01

Full Text Available In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda it is recommended to consume Ipomoea em>aquatica> to mitigate disorders like jaundice. In this study, the protective effects of ethanol extract of I. aquaticaem> against liver damage were evaluated in thioacetamide (TAA-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. There was no sign of toxicity in the acute toxicity study, in which Sprague-Dawley (SD rats were orally fed with I. aquaticaem> (250 and 500 mg/kg for two months along with administration of TAA (i.p injection 200 mg/kg three times a week for two months. The results showed that the treatment of I. aquaticaem> significantly lowered the TAA-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (ALP, ALT, AST, protein, albumin, bilirubin and prothrombin time. The hepatic content of activities and expressions SOD and CAT that were reduced by TAA were brought back to control levels by the plant extract supplement. Meanwhile, the rise in MDA level in the TAA receiving groups also were significantly reduced by I. aquaticaem> treatment. Histopathology of hepatic tissues by H&E and Masson trichrome stains displayed that I. aquaticaem> has reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, infiltration, hepatic necrosis, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation induced by TAA in rats. Therefore, the results of this study show that the protective effect of I. aquaticaem> in TAA-induced liver damage might be contributed to its modulation on detoxification enzymes and its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects. Moreover, it confirms a scientific basis for the traditional use of I. aquaticaem> for the treatment of liver disorders.

Classe social: conceitos e esquemas operacionais em pesquisa em saude

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Rita Barradas Barata

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Discute-se a utilização do conceito de classe em pesquisas em saúde, as diferentes abordagens sociológicas de estratificação social e de estrutura de classes, o potencial explicativo do conceito em estudos de determinação social e desigualdades em saúde, os modelos de operacionalização elaborados para uso em pesquisas sociológicas, demográficas ou de saúde e os limites e possibilidades desses modelos. Foram destacados quatro modelos de operacionalização: de Singer para estudo da distribuição de renda no Brasil, adaptado por Barros para uso em pesquisas epidemiológicas; de Bronfman & Tuirán para o censo demográfico mexicano, adaptado por Lombardi et al para pesquisas epidemiológicas; de Goldthorpe para estudos socioeconômicos ingleses, adaptado pela Sociedade Espanhola de Epidemiologia; e o modelo de Wright para pesquisa em sociologia e ciência política, também usado em inquéritos populacionais em saúde. Em conclusão, conceitualmente cada um dos modelos apresentados é coerente com a concepção teórica que os embasam, mas não há como optar por qualquer deles, descartando os demais.

Using Reversed MFCC and IT-EM for Automatic Speaker Verification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sheeraz Memon

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This paper proposes text independent automatic speaker verification system using IMFCC (Inverse/ Reverse Mel Frequency Coefficients and IT-EM (Information Theoretic Expectation Maximization. To perform speaker verification, feature extraction using Mel scale has been widely applied and has established better results. The IMFCC is based on inverse Mel-scale. The IMFCC effectively captures information available at the high frequency formants which is ignored by the MFCC. In this paper the fusion of MFCC and IMFCC at input level is proposed. GMMs (Gaussian Mixture Models based on EM (Expectation Maximization have been widely used for classification of text independent verification. However EM comes across the convergence issue. In this paper we use our proposed IT-EM which has faster convergence, to train speaker models. IT-EM uses information theory principles such as PDE (Parzen Density Estimation and KL (Kullback-Leibler divergence measure. IT-EM acclimatizes the weights, means and covariances, like EM. However, IT-EM process is not performed on feature vector sets but on a set of centroids obtained using IT (Information Theoretic metric. The IT-EM process at once diminishes divergence measure between PDE estimates of features distribution within a given class and the centroids distribution within the same class. The feature level fusion and IT-EM is tested for the task of speaker verification using NIST2001 and NIST2004. The experimental evaluation validates that MFCC/IMFCC has better results than the conventional delta/MFCC feature set. The MFCC/IMFCC feature vector size is also much smaller than the delta MFCC thus reducing the computational burden as well. IT-EM method also showed faster convergence, than the conventional EM method, and thus it leads to higher speaker recognition scores.

Intensive Care Unit Structure Variation and Implications for Early Mobilization Practices. An International Survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakhru, Rita N; McWilliams, David J; Wiebe, Douglas J; Spuhler, Vicki J; Schweickert, William D

2016-09-01

Early mobilization (EM) improves outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients. Variation in structure and organizational characteristics may affect implementation of EM practices. We queried intensive care unit (ICU) environment and standardized ICU practices to evaluate organizational characteristics that enable EM practice. We recruited 151 ICUs in France, 150 in Germany, 150 in the United Kingdom, and 500 in the United States by telephone. Survey domains included respondent characteristics, hospital and ICU characteristics, and ICU practices and protocols. We surveyed 1,484 ICU leaders and received a 64% response rate (951 ICUs). Eighty-eight percent of respondents were in nursing leadership roles; the remainder were physiotherapists. Surveyed ICUs were predominantly mixed medical-surgical units (67%), and 27% were medical ICUs. ICU staffing models differed significantly (P equipment were highly variable among respondents. International ICU structure and practice is quite heterogeneous, and several factors (multidisciplinary rounds, setting daily goals for patients, presence of a dedicated physiotherapist, country, and nurse/patient staffing ratio) are significantly associated with the practice of EM. Practice and barriers may be far different based upon staffing structure. To achieve successful implementation, whether through trials or quality improvement, ICU staffing and practice patterns must be taken into account.

Lipid nanotechnologies for structural studies of membrane-associated proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Stoilova-McPhie, Svetla; Grushin, Kirill; Dalm, Daniela; Miller, Jaimy

2014-11-01

We present a methodology of lipid nanotubes (LNT) and nanodisks technologies optimized in our laboratory for structural studies of membrane-associated proteins at close to physiological conditions. The application of these lipid nanotechnologies for structure determination by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is fundamental for understanding and modulating their function. The LNTs in our studies are single bilayer galactosylceramide based nanotubes of ∼20 nm inner diameter and a few microns in length, that self-assemble in aqueous solutions. The lipid nanodisks (NDs) are self-assembled discoid lipid bilayers of ∼10 nm diameter, which are stabilized in aqueous solutions by a belt of amphipathic helical scaffold proteins. By combining LNT and ND technologies, we can examine structurally how the membrane curvature and lipid composition modulates the function of the membrane-associated proteins. As proof of principle, we have engineered these lipid nanotechnologies to mimic the activated platelet's phosphtaidylserine rich membrane and have successfully assembled functional membrane-bound coagulation factor VIII in vitro for structure determination by cryo-EM. The macromolecular organization of the proteins bound to ND and LNT are further defined by fitting the known atomic structures within the calculated three-dimensional maps. The combination of LNT and ND technologies offers a means to control the design and assembly of a wide range of functional membrane-associated proteins and complexes for structural studies by cryo-EM. The presented results confirm the suitability of the developed methodology for studying the functional structure of membrane-associated proteins, such as the coagulation factors, at a close to physiological environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Reliability-Based Optimization in Structural Engineering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Enevoldsen, I.; Sørensen, John Dalsgaard

1994-01-01

In this paper reliability-based optimization problems in structural engineering are formulated on the basis of the classical decision theory. Several formulations are presented: Reliability-based optimal design of structural systems with component or systems reliability constraints, reliability...

Cultivo de Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Chlorophyta em laboratório à base de esterco suíno

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Betioli Fioresi

2008-01-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2008v21n1p7 O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a influência do meio à base de esterco suíno “in natura” e biodigerido, sobre o desenvolvimento, crescimento, comprimento total, peso seco e valor nutricional da microalga Ankistro desmus gracilis. O pico de crescimento para A. gracilis foi maior no meio biodigerido (6,2 x 107 células. mL-1 no volume de 2L. Alta porcentagem de lipídio foi observada no meio “in natura”, e, elevados teores de proteína no meio biodigerido em 2L. O biovolume, teor de cinzas e comprimento total foram diferentes (p 0,05. O requerimento de luz foi diferente entre os meios, com menor intensidade para o esterco biodigerido (13,5μE.cm-2.s-1, indicando menor custo benefício. O meio a base de esterco suíno, mostrou bons resultados para o crescimento de A. gracilis, com qualidade de água adequada para cultivo, podendo ser utilizado para cultura em larga escala.

In Situem> Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammed Shahien

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situem> formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c>-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h>-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N₂ plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h>-AlN, c>-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al₅O₆N, cubic sphalerite Al₂₃O₂₇N₅ (ALON and Al₂O₃. The zinc-blend c>-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h>-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend cem

Structural atlas of dynein motors at atomic resolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Toda, Akiyuki; Tanaka, Hideaki; Kurisu, Genji

2018-04-01

Dynein motors are biologically important bio-nanomachines, and many atomic resolution structures of cytoplasmic dynein components from different organisms have been analyzed by X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, and NMR spectroscopy. This review provides a historical perspective of structural studies of cytoplasmic and axonemal dynein including accessory proteins. We describe representative structural studies of every component of dynein and summarize them as a structural atlas that classifies the cytoplasmic and axonemal dyneins. Based on our review of all dynein structures in the Protein Data Bank, we raise two important points for understanding the two types of dynein motor and discuss the potential prospects of future structural studies.

New heavy scintillating materials for precise heterogeneous EM-calorimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Britvich, G.I.; Britvich, I.G.; Vasil'chenko, V.G.; Lishin, V.A.; Obraztsov, V.F.; Polyakov, V.A.; Solovjev, A.S.; Ryzhikov, V.D.

2001-01-01

This investigation shows some optical and scintillation properties of new scintillating media, based on heavy composite materials and an inorganic crystal CsI:Br, intended for the creation of precise heterogeneous EM-calorimeters with the energy resolution σ/E congruent with 4-5% E-radical. The possibility to use cheap heavy scintillating plates based on optical ceramics as active media in heterogeneous EM-calorimeters is considered

A school-based oral health educational program: the experience of Maringa- PR, Brazil Programa educacional em saúde bucal baseado em escolas: a experiência de Maringá- PR, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alberto Conrado

2004-03-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the preliminary results of a school-based oral health educational strategy adopted in public primary schools from the city of Maringa, State of Parana, Brazil. The study sample was composed by 556 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years old, 124 schoolteachers and a group of 55 mothers. The educational approach was implemented for 18 months and consisted of reinforcements of interventions addressed to students and schoolteachers at school level and few activities targeted at the mothers, performed by means of home visits. Baseline and follow-up interviews focused on oral health care were undertaken for the entire study population. As a stimulus for the students to achieve proper oral hygiene habits, the simplified oral hygiene index was assessed at three different moments. A statistically significant improvement in their oral hygiene index (pO principal propósito deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados preliminares de uma estratégia educacional baseada em escolas sobre saúde bucal adotada em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental da cidade de Maringá, estado do Paraná, Brasil. A amostra de estudo foi composta por 556 crianças e adolescentes entre 6 e 17 anos de idade, 124 professoras e um grupo de 55 mães. A abordagem educacional foi implementada por um período de 18 meses e consistiu de reforços das intervenções educativas dirigidas aos estudantes e professores a nível escolar e de poucas atividades tendo como alvo as mães, desenvolvidas através de visitas domiciliares. Entrevistas iniciais e de acompanhamento focando cuidados em saúde bucal foram realizadas com toda a população de estudo. Como um estímulo aos estudantes para assumirem hábitos apropriados de higiene bucal, o índice de higiene oral simplificado foi avaliado em três diferentes momentos. Uma melhora estatisticamente significante em seus índices de higiene oral (p< 0,001 foi registrada. Os resultados alcan

FDTD modeling of EM field inside microwave cavities

CERN Document Server

Narayan, Shiv; Kanth, V Krushna

2017-01-01

This book deals with the EM analysis of closed microwave cavities based on a three-dimensional FDTD method. The EM analysis is carried out for (i) rectangular microwave ovens and (ii) hybrid-cylindrical microwave autoclaves at 2.45 GHz. The field distribution is first estimated inside domestic rectangular ovens in xy-, yz-, and zx-plane. Further, the RF leakage from the oven door is determined to study the effect of leakage radiation on wireless communication at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the EM analysis of the autoclave is carried out based on 3D FDTD using staircase approximation. In order to show the capability of autoclaves (excited with five source) for curing the aerospace components and materials, the field distribution inside autoclave cavity is studied in presence of aerospace samples. The FDTD based modelling of oven and autoclave are explained with the appropriate expressions and illustrations.

Structure based alignment and clustering of proteins (STRALCP)

Science.gov (United States)

Zemla, Adam T.; Zhou, Carol E.; Smith, Jason R.; Lam, Marisa W.

2013-06-18

Disclosed are computational methods of clustering a set of protein structures based on local and pair-wise global similarity values. Pair-wise local and global similarity values are generated based on pair-wise structural alignments for each protein in the set of protein structures. Initially, the protein structures are clustered based on pair-wise local similarity values. The protein structures are then clustered based on pair-wise global similarity values. For each given cluster both a representative structure and spans of conserved residues are identified. The representative protein structure is used to assign newly-solved protein structures to a group. The spans are used to characterize conservation and assign a "structural footprint" to the cluster.

Origem, prática educativa e evolução do movimento de educação de base (MEB em Itacoatiara - AM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alderlene Lima de Souza

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo visou analisar a relevância do Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB, no município de Itacoatiara-AM, no período de 1998 a 2003. Tendo em vista o caráter político-pedagógico das práticas educativas forjadas por este movimento durante a sua 3ª fase a nível nacional. O Movimento de Educação de Base foi criado em 1961 pela Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB. O objetivo principal do MEB era desenvolver um programa de educação de base, por meio de escolas radiofônicas, principalmente nas zonas rurais das áreas subdesenvolvidas do Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste do país, expandindo-se posteriormente para outras regiões do Brasil de acordo com o decreto 5.2267/61. Assim, pautou-se a análise em fontes primárias (documentos que estão localizadas na Cúria Prelatícia da cidade. E também no levantamento bibliográfico, pois, é praticamente impossível desenvolver um estudo científico, sem a fundamentação em um ou mais pressupostos que direcionem a “reconstrução” do objeto. Apesar da diversidade de informações contida nos documentos, ainda são escassos os estudos que visam historiar o MEB da região Norte do país. Os dados da pesquisa apontam que, durante a atuação do MEB em Itacoatiara o rádio não era o principal meio de transmissão das aulas, os professores utilizavam cartilhas elaboradas pelo MEB de acordo com a realidade local.

The diet of the fox (Vulpes vulpesem> in woodlands of Orobie Alps (Lombardy region, Northern Italy / Alimentazione della Volpe (Vulpes vulpesem> in aree boscate delle Alpi Orobie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Cantini

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract The diet of the fox was investigated by analysis of 273 scats, collected along standard trails from April to November 1987 and 1988. Food habits of foxes were described for three altitudinal ranges. Mammals, mainly Clethrionomys glareolusem> and Microtus multiplexem>, were the staple food (percentage of frequency 42.8%, followed by fruits and other vegetables (26.7% and 37.3% respectively. Birds, Invertebrates (mainly Insects and garbage were little eaten. The game species (ungulates, hares, pheasants occurred with a low frequency (8.4% in the diet. The trophic niche breadth varied little through the altitudinal ranges and the seasons. The trophic niche overlap between the fox and the genus Martes> (190 scats of M. martesem> and M. foinaem> were examined is relatively wide (O=0.868. Riassunto La dieta della Volpe (Vulpes vulpesem> in aree boscate delle Alpi Orobie (Val Lesina è stata indagata nel periodo aprile-novembre 1987 e 1988 mediante l'analisi di 273 feci, raccolte lungo percorsi-campione ricadenti in tre piani vegetazionali. I Mammiferi, in particolare Clethrionomys glareolusem> e Microtus multiplexem>, sono la componente principale della dieta (frequenza percentuale 42,8%. Rilevante è anche il consumo di frutti (soprattutto in estate e autunno e di altri vegetali (26,7% e 37,3% rispettivamente, mentre poco frequente è quello di Uccelli, Invertebrati e rifiuti. Complessivamente ridotta è l'azione predatoria della Volpe nei confronti delle specie di interesse venatorio (Ungulati, lepri, Galliformi. L'ampiezza della nicchia trofica mostra modeste variazioni stagionali e altitudinali. I1 grado di sovrapposizione tra la nicchia trofica della Volpe e quella del genere Martes>, quest'ultima ricavata dall'analisi di 190 feci di Martora (M. martesem> e Faina (M. foinaem>, è elevato (O=0,868. Tuttavia, poiché in condizioni di

Identificação e estimação de ruído em redes DSL: uma abordagem baseada em inteligência computacional

OpenAIRE

FARIAS, Fabrício de Souza

2012-01-01

Este trabalho propõe a utilização de técnicas de inteligência computacional objetivando identificar e estimar a potencia de ruídos em redes Digital Subscriber Line ou Linhas do Assinante Digital (DSL) em tempo real. Uma metodologia baseada no Knowledge Discovery in Databases ou Descobrimento de Conhecimento em Bases de Dados (KDD) para detecção e estimação de ruídos em tempo real, foi utilizada. KDD é aplicado para selecionar, pré-processar e transformar os dados antes da etapa de aplicação d...

Threatening “the Good Order”: West Meets East in Cecil B. DeMille’s The Cheatem> and John Updike’s Terrorist>

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bradley M. Freeman

2011-12-01

Full Text Available
Despite almost a hundred years of separation, both Cecil B. DeMille’s film The Cheatem> (1915 and John Updike’s novel Terrorist> (2006 deploy a clear-cut territorial divide between Western and Eastern spaces in order to envision a unified American space. These narratives superimpose a “natural” division on these historically opposed spaces and thereby suggest that any contact between these spaces will have dangerous consequences. These consequences include the potential dissolution and eventual destruction of American productivity, surveillance, and territorial integrity. DeMille’s film and Updike’s novel represent America as a nation-state that must be protected from the East. In 1915, The Cheatem> warned against an interracial America and the upsurge in immigration that characterized the turn of the century. Nearly a century later, Terrorist> presupposes an interracial America but still constructs an East that threatens the security of America. While registering the particular concerns of two distinct historical moments, these narratives represent a larger attempt in American aesthetics to imagine an East that jeopardizes the utopian possibilities of an overly idealized American space.

Design of a prosumer EMS for energy trading

Science.gov (United States)

Hwang, T.; Yoo, Y.; Kang, S.; Lee, I.

2018-03-01

We design a DER management system for energy trading based on OASIS EI and EMIX. With the spread of DERs, there is a growing need of a system for integrated management of DERs and customer loads. In this paper, we give a brief overview of a DER EMS for prosumer energy saving and trading. Based on the OASIS standards, we design a functional architecture of a DER EMS for energy trading. After showing communication protocols and operation sequences, we summarize our works.

Avaliação de potenciais interações medicamentosas em prescrições de pacientes internadas, em hospital público universitário especializado em saúde da mulher, em Campinas-SP

OpenAIRE

PRISCILA GAVA MAZZOLA

2010-01-01

Interação medicamentosa (IM) é um evento clínico em que os efeitos de um fármaco são alterados pelo uso concomitante ou anterior de outro fármaco, alimento ou bebida. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar IM em prescrições da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e Alojamento Conjunto (AC). Foram avaliadas 36 prescrições da UTI e 271 do AC. As IM foram listadas como graves, moderadas e menores. A base utilizada foi o site Drugs. Identificou-se 105 interações graves, 17...

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The DOE/EM facility transition program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bixby, W.

1994-01-01

The mission of EM-60 is to plan, implement, and manage receipt of surplus facilities resulting from downsizing of the DOE Weapons Complex facilities and DOE operating program offices to EM, and to ensure prompt deactivation of such facilities in order to reach a minimum surveillance and maintenance condition. The revised organizational structure of EM-60 into four offices (one at headquarters, and the other three at field sites), reflects increased operating functions associated with deactivation, surveillance, and maintenance of facilities. EM-60's deactivation and transition role concerns technical, socioeconomic, institutional, and administrative issues. The primary objective of the deactivation process is to put facilities in the lowest surveillance and maintenance condition safely and quickly by driving down the open-quotes mortgageclose quotes costs of maintaining them until final disposition. EM-60's three key activities are: (1) Inventory of surplus facilities - The 1993 Surplus Facility Inventory and Assessment (SFIA) serves as a planning tool to help the Department and EM-60 determine optimal transition phasing, with safety and cost-effectiveness remaining a priority. (2) Management of accelerated facility life cycle transition - Transitions currently underway illustrate site issues. These include addressing the interests of federal and state regulatory agencies as well as interests of local stakeholders, safe management of large amounts of production residues, and options for treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal. Of equal importance in the transition process is planning the optimal transition of the labor force. (3) Economic development - to address the socio-economic impacts on affected communities of the severe and rapid downsizing of the DOE Weapons Complex, DOE is pursuing an approach that uses the land, equipment, technology assets, and highly skilled local workforces as a basis for alternative economic development

Modelo de priorização de investimentos em saneamento básico utilizando programação linear com base em indicadores ambientais Priorization model of investments in basic sanitation using linear programming based on environmental indicators

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nayra Vicente Sousa da Silva

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo apresenta-se uma contribuição referente ao desenvolvimento de um modelo de hierarquização de investimentos em saneamento. Utiliza-se a técnica da programação linear, com base em um indicador de salubridade ambiental, o ISA/JP1 (Silva, 2006. O objetivo é a maximização das condições de salubridade ambiental nas comunidades a serem beneficiadas. Dessa forma, procura-se intervir na alocação dos benefícios relativos às variáveis que compõem o subindicador correspondente ao saneamento básico. O modelo foi aplicado nas comunidades periurbanas localizadas na bacia do Rio Gramame, litoral sul do estado da Paraíba. Os benefícios propostos, segundo o modelo, resultariam em mudanças significativas, atingindo até a condição salubre, conforme os valores de investimentos disponíveis.In this article a contribution concerning the development of a hierarchization of investments in sanitation model is presented. The technique of the linear programming is used, based on an environmental health indicator, the ISA/JP1 (Silva, 2006. The aim is the maximization of the environmental health conditions in the communities to be benefited. In this way, it is attempted to interfere in the allocation of the benefits related to the sub-indicator variables corresponding to basic sanitation. The model was applied in five periurban communities of Lower Gramame River Basin, on the Southern Littoral of Paraíba State, Brazil. In this case, the proposed benefits would result in significant changes, even reaching the salubrious condition, according to values of available investments.

A Model Curriculum for an Emergency Medical Services (EMS Rotation for Emergency Medicine Residents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Mancera

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Audience: This EMS curriculum is designed for Emergency Medicine residents at all levels of training. Introduction: Emergency Medicine (EM physicians have routine interaction with Emergency Medical Services (EMS in their clinical practice. Additionally, the American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME mandates that all Emergency Medicine resident physicians receive specific training in the area of EMS.1 Historically, EMS training for EM residents has been conducted in the absence of a standardized didactic curriculum. Despite advancements in the area of prehospital training, there remains wide inconsistency in EMS training experiences among EM residency training programs.2 To our knowledge a standardized and reproducible EMS curriculum for EM residents does not exist. Objectives: The aim of this curriculum is to provide a robust learning experience for EM residents around prehospital care and EMS that fulfills the ACGME requirements and which can be easily replicated and implemented in a variety of EM residency training programs. Method: The educational strategies used in this curriculum include didactics, asynchronous learning through online modules and a focused reading list, experiential learning through ride-alongs, structured small group discussion, supervised medical command shifts, and mentored practice in organizing and delivering didactics to EMS providers.

Subsurface imaging by electrical and EM methods

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-12-01

This report consists of 3 subjects. 1) Three dimensional inversion of resistivity data with topography : In this study, we developed a 3-D inversion method based on the finite element calculation of model responses, which can effectively accommodate the irregular topography. In solving the inverse problem, the iterative least-squares approach comprising the smoothness-constraints was taken along with the reciprocity approach in the calculation of Jacobian. Furthermore the Active Constraint Balancing, which has been recently developed by ourselves to enhance the resolving power of the inverse problem, was also employed. Since our new algorithm accounts for the topography in the inversion step, topography correction is not necessary as a preliminary processing and we can expect a more accurate image of the earth. 2) Electromagnetic responses due to a source in the borehole : The effects of borehole fluid and casing on the borehole EM responses should thoroughly be analyzed since they may affect the resultant image of the earth. In this study, we developed an accurate algorithm for calculating the EM responses containing the effects of borehole fluid and casing when a current-carrying ring is located on the borehole axis. An analytic expression for primary vertical magnetic field along the borehole axis was first formulated and the fast Fourier transform is to be applied to get the EM fields at any location in whole space. 3) High frequency electromagnetic impedance survey : At high frequencies the EM impedance becomes a function of the angle of incidence or the horizontal wavenumber, so the electrical properties cannot be readily extracted without first eliminating the effect of horizontal wavenumber on the impedance. For this purpose, this paper considers two independent methods for accurately determining the horizontal wavenumber, which in turn is used to correct the impedance data. The 'apparent' electrical properties derived from the corrected impedance

Value-based Q(s,S) em>policy for joint replenishments

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johansen, Søren Glud; Thorstenson, Anders

replenishment order is issued, if the expected cost of ordering immediately according to the (s, S) policy is less than the expected cost of deferring the order until the next demand or until the level Q is reached. We use simulation to evaluate our policy. Applying the value-based Q(s, S) policy to a standard...... set of 12-item numerical examples from the literature, the long-run average cost of the best known solution is reduced by approximately 1%. Further examples are also investigated and in some cases for which the cost structure implies a high service level, the cost reduction exceeds 10% of the cost...

Photonic Crystal Structures with Tunable Structure Color as Colorimetric Sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Hui; Zhang, Ke-Qin

2013-01-01

Colorimetric sensing, which transduces environmental changes into visible color changes, provides a simple yet powerful detection mechanism that is well-suited to the development of low-cost and low-power sensors. A new approach in colorimetric sensing exploits the structural color of photonic crystals (PCs) to create environmentally-influenced color-changeable materials. PCs are composed of periodic dielectrics or metallo-dielectric nanostructures that affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM) by defining the allowed and forbidden photonic bands. Simultaneously, an amazing variety of naturally occurring biological systems exhibit iridescent color due to the presence of PC structures throughout multi-dimensional space. In particular, some kinds of the structural colors in living organisms can be reversibly changed in reaction to external stimuli. Based on the lessons learned from natural photonic structures, some specific examples of PCs-based colorimetric sensors are presented in detail to demonstrate their unprecedented potential in practical applications, such as the detections of temperature, pH, ionic species, solvents, vapor, humidity, pressure and biomolecules. The combination of the nanofabrication technique, useful design methodologies inspired by biological systems and colorimetric sensing will lead to substantial developments in low-cost, miniaturized and widely deployable optical sensors. PMID:23539027

Photonic Crystal Structures with Tunable Structure Color as Colorimetric Sensors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ke-Qin Zhang

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Colorimetric sensing, which transduces environmental changes into visible color changes, provides a simple yet powerful detection mechanism that is well-suited to the development of low-cost and low-power sensors. A new approach in colorimetric sensing exploits the structural color of photonic crystals (PCs to create environmentally-influenced color-changeable materials. PCs are composed of periodic dielectrics or metallo-dielectric nanostructures that affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM by defining the allowed and forbidden photonic bands. Simultaneously, an amazing variety of naturally occurring biological systems exhibit iridescent color due to the presence of PC structures throughout multi-dimensional space. In particular, some kinds of the structural colors in living organisms can be reversibly changed in reaction to external stimuli. Based on the lessons learned from natural photonic structures, some specific examples of PCs-based colorimetric sensors are presented in detail to demonstrate their unprecedented potential in practical applications, such as the detections of temperature, pH, ionic species, solvents, vapor, humidity, pressure and biomolecules. The combination of the nanofabrication technique, useful design methodologies inspired by biological systems and colorimetric sensing will lead to substantial developments in low-cost, miniaturized and widely deployable optical sensors.

Genomic characterization of EmsB microsatellite loci in Echinococcus multilocularis.

Science.gov (United States)

Valot, Benoît; Knapp, Jenny; Umhang, Gérald; Grenouillet, Frédéric; Millon, Laurence

2015-06-01

EmsB is a molecular marker applied to Echinococcus multilocularis genotyping studies. This marker has largely been used to investigate the epidemiology of the parasite in different endemic foci. The present study has lifted the veil on the genetic structure of this microsatellite. By in silico analysis on the E. multilocularis genome the microsatellite was described in about 40 copies on the chromosome 5 of the parasite. Similar structure was found in the relative parasite Echinococcus granulosus, where the microsatellite was firstly described. The present study completes the first investigations made on the EmsB microsatellite origins and confirms the reliability of this highly discriminant molecular marker. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estruturas mistas em madeira-concreto: uma técnica racional para pontes de estradas vicinais Timber-concrete composite structures: a rational technique for bridges of vicinal roads

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio Soriano

2009-07-01

Full Text Available De modo geral, a aplicação racional de materiais de construção requer o desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de técnicas construtivas. Nesse sentido, a utilização do concreto e da madeira, materiais tradicionais e de grande aceitação em construções rurais, formando estruturas mistas, constitui-se em uma solução viável por apresentar desempenhos estrutural e econômico adequados, bem como boa durabilidade. Particularmente, a efetivação desse sistema estrutural deve ser assegurada por meio de uma ligação na interface dos materiais, podendo ser do tipo discreta (elementos metálicos: parafusos, barras de aço, pregos, etc. ou contínua (adesivo epóxi. Na construção civil, diversos tipos de aplicações podem ser contemplados com esse sistema estrutural, tais como restaurações ou construções de novas pontes. De fato, em estradas vicinais, existe um grande número de pontes de madeira que necessitam de reformas e também há a necessidade de construção de pontes novas. De maneira geral, as pontes são expostas a condições severas de intemperismo e carregamento, necessitando, desse modo, de estudos cuidadosos para que se possa avaliar com maior precisão os mecanismos da ligação, bem como o comportamento da estrutura mista em toda sua vida útil. Nesse contexto, ao serem analisados, neste artigo, os diversos aspectos que envolvem o desempenho das estruturas mistas em madeira-concreto e também o comportamento mecânico das ligações nessas estruturas, pode-se concluir que essa técnica é viável para construção de pontes das estradas vicinais. Além disso, pesquisas adicionais sobre efeitos de carregamento de longa duração, variações de temperatura e umidade são necessárias para melhorar os modelos de simulações.In general, the rational application of construction materials requires the development or improvement of building techniques. Thus, the use of concrete and timber, traditional materials largely accepted

Performance-based shape optimization of continuum structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang Qingquan

2010-01-01

This paper presents a performance-based optimization (PBO) method for optimal shape design of continuum structures with stiffness constraints. Performance-based design concepts are incorporated in the shape optimization theory to achieve optimal designs. In the PBO method, the traditional shape optimization problem of minimizing the weight of a continuum structure with displacement or mean compliance constraints is transformed to the problem of maximizing the performance of the structure. The optimal shape of a continuum structure is obtained by gradually eliminating inefficient finite elements from the structure until its performance is maximized. Performance indices are employed to monitor the performance of optimized shapes in an optimization process. Performance-based optimality criteria are incorporated in the PBO method to identify the optimum from the optimization process. The PBO method is used to produce optimal shapes of plane stress continuum structures and plates in bending. Benchmark numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PBO method for generating the maximum stiffness shape design of continuum structures. It is shown that the PBO method developed overcomes the limitations of traditional shape optimization methods in optimal design of continuum structures. Performance-based optimality criteria presented can be incorporated in any shape and topology optimization methods to obtain optimal designs of continuum structures.

Alfabetização matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da Amazônia: atuação docente em foco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Sávio Bicho de Oliveira

Full Text Available Problematiza a atuação de professores que ensinam matemática em classes multisseriadas de escolas ribeirinhas da Amazônia paraense. Enfatizaram-se questões acerca do ensino-aprendizagem, no âmbito da alfabetização matemática, desenvolvidas em escolas situadas às margens ou nas proximidades dos rios da região nordeste do Pará. Os dados foram construídos com base em informações dadas por seis professores em sete escolas municipais. Os resultados identificam que a alfabetização matemática expressa no contexto ribeirinho ainda se restringe às experiências matemáticas estritamente baseadas em orientações didáticas e curriculares de âmbito global, sem levar em consideração a riqueza de possibilidades de conhecimentos sugeridas pelas experiências dos estudantes em seu contexto diário.

Busca de estruturas em grandes escalas em altos redshifts

Science.gov (United States)

Boris, N. V.; Sodré, L., Jr.; Cypriano, E.

2003-08-01

A busca por estruturas em grandes escalas (aglomerados de galáxias, por exemplo) é um ativo tópico de pesquisas hoje em dia, pois a detecção de um único aglomerado em altos redshifts pode por vínculos fortes sobre os modelos cosmológicos. Neste projeto estamos fazendo uma busca de estruturas distantes em campos contendo pares de quasares próximos entre si em zÂ Â3Â 0.9. Os pares de quasares foram extraídos do catálogo de Véron-Cetty & Véron (2001) e estão sendo observados com os telescópios: 2,2m da University of Hawaii (UH), 2,5m do Observatório de Las Campanas e com o GEMINI. Apresentamos aqui a análise preliminar de um par de quasares observado nos filtros i'(7800 Å) e z'(9500 Å) com o GEMINI. A cor (i'-z') mostrou-se útil para detectar objetos "early-type" em redshifts menores que 1.1. No estudo do par 131046+0006/J131055+0008, com redshift ~ 0.9, o uso deste método possibilitou a detecção de sete objetos candidatos a galáxias "early-type". Num mapa da distribuição projetada dos objetos para 22 escala. Um outro argumento em favor dessa hipótese é que eles obedecem uma relação do tipo Kormendy (raio equivalente X brilho superficial dentro desse raio), como a apresentada pelas galáxias elípticas em z = 0.

Plasma-based accelerator structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schroeder, Carl B.

1999-01-01

Plasma-based accelerators have the ability to sustain extremely large accelerating gradients, with possible high-energy physics applications. This dissertation further develops the theory of plasma-based accelerators by addressing three topics: the performance of a hollow plasma channel as an accelerating structure, the generation of ultrashort electron bunches, and the propagation of laser pulses is underdense plasmas

Encapsulation-Induced Stress Helps Saccharomyces cerevisiae em>Resist Convertible Lignocellulose Derived Inhibitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan O. Westman

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The ability of macroencapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae em>CBS8066 em>to withstand readily and not readily in situem> convertible lignocellulose-derived inhibitors was investigated in anaerobic batch cultivations. It was shown that encapsulation increased the tolerance against readily convertible furan aldehyde inhibitors and to dilute acid spruce hydrolysate, but not to organic acid inhibitors that cannot be metabolized anaerobically. Gene expression analysis showed that the protective effect arising from the encapsulation is evident also on the transcriptome level, as the expression of the stress-related genes YAP1em>, ATR1em> and FLR1em> was induced upon encapsulation. The transcript levels were increased due to encapsulation already in the medium without added inhibitors, indicating that the cells sensed low stress level arising from the encapsulation itself. We present a model, where the stress response is induced by nutrient limitation, that this helps the cells to cope with the increased stress added by a toxic medium, and that superficial cells in the capsules degrade convertible inhibitors, alleviating the inhibition for the cells deeper in the capsule.

The structure and dynamics of a rhinolophid bat community of Latium (Central Italy (Chiroptera

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Pierangelo Crucitti

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract The present paper summarizes the results of 3 years of observation made at six month intervals for six months at a time (18 field surveys in a man-made cave in Northern Latium (Central Italy from April 1992 to April 1995. Its aim is to analyze the main structural and dynamic features of a bat community which hibernates at the shelter. Rhinolophus ferrumequinumem> and especially Rhinolophus euryaleem> are the most abundant species. Population dynamics of both species as well as that of Rhinoluphus hipposiderosem> show higher levels of abundance between December and February of each semester. In mid-winter, large and sometimes mixed aggregations of Rhinolophus ferrumequinumem> and Rhinolophus euryaleem> in deep hypothermia occur. A small number of Rhinolophus hipposiderosem>, mainly adult males, was observed. The paper compares the structure of this community to the structure of another community of the same district which has been previously analyzed, in which Vespertilionidae, especially Miniopterus schreibersiem>, are much more abundant. Despite the difference in species composition, body size was found to be a significant and common feature (as highlighted by forearm length, of the dominant species in both communities, Rhinolophus euryaleem> and Miniopterus schreibersiem> respectively.

Altitudinal distribution of the common longeared bat Plecotus auritusem> (Linnaeus, 1758 and grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacusem> (J. B. Fischer, 1829 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae in the Tatra mountains (southern Poland

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Krzysztof Piksa

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Riassunto Distribuzione altitudinale di Orecchione bruno (Plecotus auritusem> e Orecchione meridionale (Plecotus austriacusem> nei Monti Tatra (Polonia meridionale. Vengono riportati nuovi dati relativi alla distribuzione altitudinale nei Monti Tatra (Polonia meridionale di Plecotus auritusem> e P. austriacusem>. Tali segnalazioni incrementano le conoscenze relative alla presenza di questi chirotteri a quote elevate, in particolare per la Polonia. In inverno P. auritusem> è stato rinvenuto a 1921 m s.l.m. mentre in estate è stato rinvenuto a 2250 m s.l.m.; in aggiunta, sono stati ritrovati resti ossei a 1929 m s.l.m. P. austriacusem> è stato segnalato in ibernazione a 1294 m s.l.m.

Gefinex 400S (SAMPO) EM-soundings at Olkiluoto 2009

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jokinen, T.; Lehtimaeki, J.; Korhonen, K.

2009-09-01

In the beginning of June 2009 Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) carried out electromagnetic (EM) frequency soundings with Gefinex 400S equipment (Sampo) in the vicinity of ONKALO at the Olkiluoto site investigation area. The EM-monitoring sounding program started in 2004 and has been repeated since yearly in the same season. The aim of the study is to monitor the variations of the groundwater properties down to 500 m depth by the changes of the electric conductivity of the earth at ONKALO and repository area. The original measurement grid was based on two 1400 m long broadside profiles, which have 200 m mutual distance and 200 m station separation. The receiver and transmitter sites are marked with stakes and the profiles were measured using 200, 500, and 800 m coil separations. The measurement program was revised in 2007 and then again in 2009. Now 15 noisy soundings were removed from the program and 3 new points were selected from the area to the east from ONKALO. The new receiver/transmitter sites, called ABC-points were marked with stakes and the points were measured using transmitter-receiver separations 200, 400 and 800 meters. In 2009 the new EM-Sampo monitoring program included 28+9 soundings. The numerous power lines and cables in the area generate local disturbances on the sounding curves, but the SN (signal to noise) ratio and the repeatability of the results is reasonably good even with long coil separations. However, most suitable for monitoring purposes are the sites without strong shallow 3D effects. Comparison of the new results to old 2004-2008 surveys shows differences on some ARD (apparent resistivity-depth) curves. Those are mainly results of the modified shallow structures. The changes in groundwater conditions based on the monitoring results seem insignificant. (orig.)

Study of the in Vitroem> Antiplasmodial, Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Medicinal Plants from Saudi Arabia

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Nawal M. Al-Musayeib

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The present study investigated the in vitroem> antiprotozoal activity of sixteen selected medicinal plants. Plant materials were extracted with methanol and screened in vitroem> against erythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium falciparumem>, intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum em>and Trypanosoma cruzi em>and free trypomastigotes of T. bruceiem>. Cytotoxic activity was determined against MRC-5 cells to assess selectivity. em>The criterion for activity was an IC₅₀ < 10 µg/mL (4. Antiplasmodial activity was found in the em>extracts of em>>Prosopis julifloraem> and Punica granatumem>. Antileishmanial activity em>against L. infantumem> was demonstrated in Caralluma sinaicaem> and Periploca aphylla.em> Amastigotes of T. cruzi em>were affected by the methanol extract of em>>Albizia lebbeckem>> em>pericarp, Caralluma sinaicaem>,> Periploca aphylla em>and Prosopius julifloraem>. Activity against T. brucei em>was obtained in em>>Prosopis julifloraem>. Cytotoxicity (MRC-5 IC₅₀ < 10 µg/mL and hence non-specific activities were observed for em>>Conocarpus lancifoliusem>.>

Notes on winter feeding habits of the pine marten Martes martesem> L. in Val Gressoney (Western Italian Alps

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Paolo Agnelli

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract A first report on the feeding habits of a mainland population of the pine marten (Martes martesem> in Italy is presented here. The winter food of this carnivore in Western Alps (altitude 1800-2500 m a.s.1. is described, using stomach analysis. Both volume and frequency of occurrence of different food items were quantified. Mammals and wild fruits represent the main food categories. The presence of the small mammal species in the diet is discussed. Riassunto Note sulla dieta invernale della martora Martes Martesem> L. in Val Gressoney (Alpi occidentali italiane - Le abitudini alimentari della martora (Martes martesem> nell'Italia peninsulare vengono descritte per la prima volta sulla base del contenuto stomacale di 9 esemplari provenienti dalle Alpi occidentali (fascia altitudinale compresa tra i 1800 e 2500 m s.1.m.. I dati raccolti si riferiscono a1 periodo invernale e sono stati espressi come frequenza percentuale e volume percentuale stimato. I mammiferi e i frutti selvatici costituiscono le principali categorie alimentari. La presenza delle specie di micromammiferi rinvenuti viene discussa.

Analysis of the electrochemistry of hemes with Ems spanning 800 mV

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Zhong; Gunner, M. R.

2009-01-01

The free energy of heme reduction in different proteins is found to vary over more than 18 kcal/mol. It is a challenge to determine how proteins manage to achieve this enormous range of Ems with a single type of redox cofactor. Proteins containing 141 unique hemes of a-, b-, and c-type, with bis-His, His-Met, and aquo-His ligation were calculated using Multi-Conformation Continuum Electrostatics (MCCE). The experimental Ems range over 800 mV from −350 mV in cytochrome c3 to 450 mV in cytochrome c peroxidase (vs. SHE). The quantitative analysis of the factors that modulate heme electrochemistry includes the interactions of the heme with its ligands, the solvent, the protein backbone, and sidechains. MCCE calculated Ems are in good agreement with measured values. Using no free parameters the slope of the line comparing calculated and experimental Ems is 0.73 (R2 = 0.90), showing the method accounts for 73% of the observed Em range. Adding a +160 mV correction to the His-Met c-type hemes yields a slope of 0.97 (R2 = 0.93). With the correction 65% of the hemes have an absolute error smaller than 60 mV and 92% are within 120 mV. The overview of heme proteins with known structures and Ems shows both the lowest and highest potential hemes are c-type, whereas the b-type hemes are found in the middle Em range. In solution, bis-His ligation lowers the Em by ≈205 mV relative to hemes with His-Met ligands. The bis-His, aquo-His, and His-Met ligated b-type hemes all cluster about Ems which are ≈200 mV more positive in protein than in water. In contrast, the low potential bis-His c-type hemes are shifted little from in solution, whereas the high potential His-Met c-type hemes are raised by ≈300 mV from solution. The analysis shows that no single type of interaction can be identified as the most important in setting heme electrochemistry in proteins. For example, the loss of solvation (reaction field) energy, which raises the Em, has been suggested to be a major factor in

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Structure-based classification and ontology in chemistry

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Hastings Janna

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Recent years have seen an explosion in the availability of data in the chemistry domain. With this information explosion, however, retrieving relevant results from the available information, and organising those results, become even harder problems. Computational processing is essential to filter and organise the available resources so as to better facilitate the work of scientists. Ontologies encode expert domain knowledge in a hierarchically organised machine-processable format. One such ontology for the chemical domain is ChEBI. ChEBI provides a classification of chemicals based on their structural features and a role or activity-based classification. An example of a structure-based class is 'pentacyclic compound' (compounds containing five-ring structures, while an example of a role-based class is 'analgesic', since many different chemicals can act as analgesics without sharing structural features. Structure-based classification in chemistry exploits elegant regularities and symmetries in the underlying chemical domain. As yet, there has been neither a systematic analysis of the types of structural classification in use in chemistry nor a comparison to the capabilities of available technologies. Results We analyze the different categories of structural classes in chemistry, presenting a list of patterns for features found in class definitions. We compare these patterns of class definition to tools which allow for automation of hierarchy construction within cheminformatics and within logic-based ontology technology, going into detail in the latter case with respect to the expressive capabilities of the Web Ontology Language and recent extensions for modelling structured objects. Finally we discuss the relationships and interactions between cheminformatics approaches and logic-based approaches. Conclusion Systems that perform intelligent reasoning tasks on chemistry data require a diverse set of underlying computational

Trichoderma harzianumem> como promotor del crecimiento vegetal del maracuyá (Passiflora edulisem> var. flavicarpa> Degener

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Cubillos-Hinojosa Juan

2009-04-01

Full Text Available
Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de laboratorio e invernadero, con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de la cepa nativa TCN-014 y la cepa comercial TCC-005 de Trichoderma harzianumem> sobre la germinación y el crecimiento temprano del maracuyá. Se adecuaron inóculos de 104, 106 y 108 conidias/mL para cada cepa y se aplicaron a semillas de maracuyá; se evaluó el número de semillas germinadas durante 15 días; se calculó el porcentaje de germinación, el índice de velocidad de germinación y el tiempo medio de germinación. Posteriormente las semillas germinadas se llevaron a condiciones de invernadero y transcurridos dos meses se midió la altura de las plántulas, el grosor del tallo, el número de hojas, la longitud de la raíz y el peso seco total. Todos los tratamientos estimularon la germinación de las semillas y el desarrollo de las plántulas; sin embargo la cepa nativa en concentraciones 106 y 108 conidias/mL mostró resultados superiores frente a la cepa comercial. Los resultados sugieren una acción efectiva de T. harzianumem> como promotor de crecimiento vegetal, mostrando que tiene potencial para la elaboración de un bioproducto útil para el manejo ecológico del cultivo de maracuyá.

Similarity-regulation of OS-EM for accelerated SPECT reconstruction

Science.gov (United States)

Vaissier, P. E. B.; Beekman, F. J.; Goorden, M. C.

2016-06-01

Ordered subsets expectation maximization (OS-EM) is widely used to accelerate image reconstruction in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Speedup of OS-EM over maximum likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM) is close to the number of subsets used. Although a high number of subsets can shorten reconstruction times significantly, it can also cause severe image artifacts such as improper erasure of reconstructed activity if projections contain few counts. We recently showed that such artifacts can be prevented by using a count-regulated OS-EM (CR-OS-EM) algorithm which automatically adapts the number of subsets for each voxel based on the estimated number of counts that the voxel contributed to the projections. While CR-OS-EM reached high speed-up over ML-EM in high-activity regions of images, speed in low-activity regions could still be very slow. In this work we propose similarity-regulated OS-EM (SR-OS-EM) as a much faster alternative to CR-OS-EM. SR-OS-EM also automatically and locally adapts the number of subsets, but it uses a different criterion for subset regulation: the number of subsets that is used for updating an individual voxel depends on how similar the reconstruction algorithm would update the estimated activity in that voxel with different subsets. Reconstructions of an image quality phantom and in vivo scans show that SR-OS-EM retains all of the favorable properties of CR-OS-EM, while reconstruction speed can be up to an order of magnitude higher in low-activity regions. Moreover our results suggest that SR-OS-EM can be operated with identical reconstruction parameters (including the number of iterations) for a wide range of count levels, which can be an additional advantage from a user perspective since users would only have to post-filter an image to present it at an appropriate noise level.

A data base for aging of structural materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oland, C.B.; Naus, D.J.; Jerath, S.

1993-01-01

USNRC initiated a Structural Aging (SAG) Program ORNL. The objective of the program is to provide assistance in identifying potential structural safety issues and to establish acceptance criteria for use in nuclear power plant evaluations for continued service. One main part focuses on the development of a Structural Materials Information Center where long-term and environment-dependent material properties are being collected and assembled into a data base. This data base is presented in two complementary formats. The Structural Materials Handbook is an expandable, hard-copy reference document that contains the complete data base for each material. The Structural Materials Electronic Data Base is accessible using an IBM-compatible personal computer. This paper presents an overview of the Structural Materials Information Center and briefly describes the features of the handbook and the electronic data base. In addition, a proposed method for using the data base to establish current property values for materials in existing concrete structures and to estimate the future performance of these materials is also presented

Structural model and trans>-interaction of the entire ectodomain of the olfactory cell adhesion molecule

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kulahin, Nikolaj; Kristensen, Ole; Rasmussen, Kim K

2011-01-01

of six recombinant proteins corresponding to different regions of the ectodomain. The model is the longest experimentally based composite structural model of an entire IgCAM ectodomain. It displays an essentially linear arrangement of IgI-V, followed by bends between IgV and Fn3I and between Fn3I and Fn3...

Study of plasma-based stable and ultra-wideband electromagnetic wave absorption for stealth application

Science.gov (United States)

Xuyang, CHEN; Fangfang, SHEN; Yanming, LIU; Wei, AI; Xiaoping, LI

2018-06-01

A plasma-based stable, ultra-wideband electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber structure is studied in this paper for stealth applications. The stability is maintained by a multi-layer structure with several plasma layers and dielectric layers distributed alternately. The plasma in each plasma layer is designed to be uniform, whereas it has a discrete nonuniform distribution from the overall view of the structure. The nonuniform distribution of the plasma is the key to obtaining ultra-wideband wave absorption. A discrete Epstein distribution model is put forward to constrain the nonuniform electron density of the plasma layers, by which the wave absorption range is extended to the ultra-wideband. Then, the scattering matrix method (SMM) is employed to analyze the electromagnetic reflection and absorption of the absorber structure. In the simulation, the validation of the proposed structure and model in ultra-wideband EM wave absorption is first illustrated by comparing the nonuniform plasma model with the uniform case. Then, the influence of various parameters on the EM wave reflection of the plasma are simulated and analyzed in detail, verifying the EM wave absorption performance of the absorber. The proposed structure and model are expected to be superior in some realistic applications, such as supersonic aircraft.

Os efeitos da música em biomarcadores de estresse, imunológicos e comportamentais em portadores do espectro autista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliane Neves Fiorezi

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A utilização da Musicoterapia em portadores do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA teve início na década de 60 e mostrou promover benefícios, tais como: diminuição de crises comportamentais, diminuição de resistência ao tratamento, melhora nos relacionamentos interpessoais, aquisição de liberdade expressiva, aquisição da melhora vocal, melhora na comunicação, aquisição de confiança verbal e vocal, aquisição de ordem rítmica e melhora na produção da fala e mutualidade (BRANDALISE, 2013. Objetivo: embora os resultados em nível comunicacional sejam de amplo conhecimento e na busca por compreender o impacto da música nos biomarcadores imunológicos e de estresse nesses indivíduos, o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma breve revisão dos estudos recentes acerca dessa temática. Método: Foram utilizadas ferramentas de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane e Scielo. A busca foi realizada em artigos publicados em português e inglês, por meio dos descritores “imunoglobulina”, “cortisol salivar”, “dano celular” e “autismo”. Resultado: por meio da pesquisa foi possível constatar a influência da música como um meio complementar no cuidado de portadores do TEA, enquanto instrumento de promoção da saúde e melhoria de qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Considerações finais: Embora os estudos apontem os benefícios da música em portadores do TEA, sugere-se que sejam realizadas mais pesquisas nesse campo, sobretudo no Brasil. Portanto, o presente artigo se propõe como base teórica para uma posterior pesquisa-intervenção a fim de verificar os possíveis efeitos provocados por diferentes tipos de escuta musical sobre os indicadores de cortisol salivar, imunoglobulina A e dano celular de células epiteliais, bem como nos aspectos comportamentais, em crianças portadoras do Transtorno do Espectro Autista. A segunda fase da pesquisa já está em desenvolvimento, por meio do

Arte em Processos Simbióticos: recriando fronteiras

OpenAIRE

Eluíza Bortolotto Guizzi

2008-01-01

As atividades voltadas para explorar poética e cientificamente a relação da arte com as tecnologias de informação têm estado intimamente ligadas no mundo hoje, caracterizando um momento em que ambas trabalham sobre bases altamente experimentais. A pesquisa torna-se construção de suas próprias referências em um tempo em que práticas e conceitos já consolidados não satisfazem nossas perguntas sobre nossa relação com o mundo. Este texto trata das produções neste campo qu...

Study of scattering from turbulence structure generated by propeller with FLUENT

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Gen

2017-07-01

In this article, the turbulence structure generated by a propeller is simulated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT. With the method of moments, the backscattering radar cross sections (RCS) of the turbulence structure are calculated. The scattering results can reflect the turbulent intensity of the wave profiles. For the wake turbulence with low rotating speed, the scattering intensity of HH polarization is much smaller than VV polarization at large incident angles. When the turbulence becomes stronger with high rotating speed, the scattering intensity of HH polarization also becomes stronger at large incident angles, which is almost the same with VV polarization. And also, the bistatic scattering of the turbulence structure has the similar situation. These scattering results indicate that the turbulence structure can also give rise to an anomaly compared with traditional sea surface. The study of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from turbulence structure generated by the propeller can help in better understanding of the scattering from different kinds of waves and provide more bases to explain the anomalies of EM scattering from sea surfaces.

Uso de antibióticos convencionais e antimicrobianos a base de lúpulo no controle da infecção bacteriana em fermentação alcoólica

OpenAIRE

Prado, Josimara Lacerda [UNESP

2014-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a eficiência de antibióticos convencionais em relação aos antimicrobianos à base de lúpulo, em escala de produção industrial de bioetanol. A comparação foi feita por meio de cálculo da redução populacional de bactérias láticas em dois ciclos consecutivos de fermentação. O experimento teve cinco tratamentos (três antibióticos convencionais: Kamoran WP, Corstan e Alcapen 1030, e dois antimicrobianos à base de lúpulo: BetaBio e IsoStab). As amostras foram c...

Effect of β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin on Inhibition of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth in Vitro em>and in Vivoem>

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ting Feng

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In traditional Chinese medicine, shikonin and its derivatives, has been used in East Asia for several years for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, including cancer. We previously identified that β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin (DA could inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of DA on human colorectal cancer (CRC cell line HCT-116 in vitroem> and in vivoem>. A viability assay showed that DA could inhibit tumor cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that DA blocks the cell cycle at G₀/G₁ phase. Western blotting results demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis by DA correlated with the induction of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and Bid, and a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Furthermore, treatment of HCT-116 bearing nude mice with DA significantly retarded the growth of xenografts. Consistent with the results in vitroem>, the DA-mediated suppression of HCT-116 xenografts correlated with Bax and Bcl-2. Taken together, these results suggest that DA could be a novel and promising approach to the treatment of CRC.

Plasma-based radar cross section reduction

CERN Document Server

Singh, Hema; Jha, Rakesh Mohan

2016-01-01

This book presents a comprehensive review of plasma-based stealth, covering the basics, methods, parametric analysis, and challenges towards the realization of the idea. The concealment of aircraft from radar sources, or stealth, is achieved through shaping, radar absorbing coatings, engineered materials, or plasma, etc. Plasma-based stealth is a radar cross section (RCS) reduction technique associated with the reflection and absorption of incident electromagnetic (EM) waves by the plasma layer surrounding the structure. A plasma cloud covering the aircraft may give rise to other signatures such as thermal, acoustic, infrared, or visual. Thus it is a matter of concern that the RCS reduction by plasma enhances its detectability due to other signatures. This needs a careful approach towards the plasma generation and its EM wave interaction. The book starts with the basics of EM wave interactions with plasma, briefly discuss the methods used to analyze the propagation characteristics of plasma, and its generatio...

Enrichment and Purification of Syringin, Eleutheroside E and Isofraxidin from Acanthopanax> senticosus> by Macroporous Resin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuangang Zu

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In order to screen a suitable resin for the preparative simultaneous separation and purification of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin from Acanthopanax> senticosus>, the adsorption and desorption properties of 17 widely used commercial macroporous resins were evaluated. According to our results, HPD100C, which adsorbs by the molecular tiers model, was the best macroporous resin, offering higher adsorption and desorption capacities and higher adsorption speed for syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin than other resins. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were carried out to optimize the process parameters. The optimal conditions were as follows: for adsorption, processing volume: 24 BV, flow rate: 2 BV/h; for desorption, ethanol–water solution: 60:40 (v/v, eluent volume: 4 BV, flow rate: 3 BV/h. Under the above conditions, the contents of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin increased 174-fold, 20-fold and 5-fold and their recoveries were 80.93%, 93.97% and 93.79%, respectively.

TRAÇOS PRESCRITIVISTAS EM "A LÍNGUA DO BRASIL"

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Saul Gomes Júnior

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, inserido no âmbito da Historiografia Linguística, analisam-se as manifestações do prescritivismo em A língua do Brasil, de Gladstone Chaves de Melo. A fundamentação teórica tem como base a noção de horizonte de retrospecção, estabelecida por Auroux (2006. Comprova-se que, na obra em questão, o prescritivismo manifesta-se de dois modos: 1 critério da lógica; 2 retórica sarcástica. Nessa obra, Melo empenha-se em defender uma norma: o patrimônio linguístico em torno do qual brasileiros e portugueses permanecem unidos.

Training for Defense? From Stochastic Traits to Synchrony in Giant Honey Bees (Apis dorsataem>

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Gerald Kastberger

2012-08-01

Full Text Available In Giant Honey Bees, abdomen flipping happens in a variety of contexts. It can be either synchronous or cascaded, such as in the collective defense traits of shimmering and rearing-up, or it can happen as single-agent behavior. Abdomen flipping is also involved in flickering behavior, which occurs regularly under quiescent colony state displaying singular or collective traits, with stochastic, and (semi- synchronized properties. It presumably acts via visual, mechanoceptive, and pheromonal pathways and its goals are still unknown. This study questions whether flickering is preliminary to shimmering which is subject of the fs em>(flickering-shimmering-transition> hypothesis? We tested the respective prediction that trigger sites (ts> at the nest surface (where shimmering waves had been generated show higher flickering activity than the alternative non-trigger sites (nts>. We measured the flickering activity of ts>- and nts>-surface bees from two experimental nests, before and after the colony had been aroused by a dummy wasp. Arousal increased rate and intensity of the flickering activity of both ts>- and nts> cohorts (P < 0.05, whereby the flickering intensity of ts>-bees were higher than that of nts>-bees (P < 0.05. Under arousal, the colonies also increased the number of flickering-active ts>- and nts>-cohorts (P < 0.05. This provides evidence that cohorts which are specialist at launching shimmering waves are found across the quiescent nest zone. It also proves that arousal may reinforce the responsiveness of quiescent curtain bees for participating in shimmering, practically by recruiting additional trigger site bees for expanding repetition of rate and intensity of shimmering waves. This finding confirms the fs-transition> hypothesis and constitutes evidence that flickering is part of a basal colony-intrinsic information system

Gigascale Silicon Photonic Transmitters Integrating HBT-based Carrier-injection Electroabsorption Modulator Structures

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Enjin

injection modulators and light-emitting diodes (LED) with drive voltage requirements below 1.5V. Measurement results show an optical link based on a 70MHz red LED work well at 300Mbps by using the pre-emphasis driver module. A traveling wave electrode (TWE) modulator structure is presented, including a novel design methodology to address process limitations imposed by a commercial silicon fabrication technology. Results from 3D full wave EM simulation demonstrate the application of the design methodology to achieve specifications, including phase velocity matching, insertion loss, and impedance matching. Results show the HBT-based TWE-EAM system has the bandwidth higher than 60GHz.

Ensemble-based prediction of RNA secondary structures.

Science.gov (United States)

Aghaeepour, Nima; Hoos, Holger H

2013-04-24

Accurate structure prediction methods play an important role for the understanding of RNA function. Energy-based, pseudoknot-free secondary structure prediction is one of the most widely used and versatile approaches, and improved methods for this task have received much attention over the past five years. Despite the impressive progress that as been achieved in this area, existing evaluations of the prediction accuracy achieved by various algorithms do not provide a comprehensive, statistically sound assessment. Furthermore, while there is increasing evidence that no prediction algorithm consistently outperforms all others, no work has been done to exploit the complementary strengths of multiple approaches. In this work, we present two contributions to the area of RNA secondary structure prediction. Firstly, we use state-of-the-art, resampling-based statistical methods together with a previously published and increasingly widely used dataset of high-quality RNA structures to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of existing RNA secondary structure prediction procedures. The results from this evaluation clarify the performance relationship between ten well-known existing energy-based pseudoknot-free RNA secondary structure prediction methods and clearly demonstrate the progress that has been achieved in recent years. Secondly, we introduce AveRNA, a generic and powerful method for combining a set of existing secondary structure prediction procedures into an ensemble-based method that achieves significantly higher prediction accuracies than obtained from any of its component procedures. Our new, ensemble-based method, AveRNA, improves the state of the art for energy-based, pseudoknot-free RNA secondary structure prediction by exploiting the complementary strengths of multiple existing prediction procedures, as demonstrated using a state-of-the-art statistical resampling approach. In addition, AveRNA allows an intuitive and effective control of the trade-off between

Complete BWR--EM LOCA analysis using the WRAP--EM system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beckmeyer, R.R.; Gregory, M.V.; Buckner, M.R.

1979-01-01

The Water Reactor Analysis Package, Evaluation Model (WRAP--EM), provides a complete analysis of postulated loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA's) in light--water nuclear power reactors. The system is being developed at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) for use by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to interpret and evaluate reactor vendor, evaluation model (EM) analyses. The initial version of the WRAP--EM system for analysis of boiling water reactors (BWR's) is operational. To demonstrate the complete capability of the WRAP--BWR--EM system, a LOCA analysis has been performed for the Hope Creek Plant

From structure of the complex to understanding of the biology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rossmann, Michael G., E-mail: mr@purdue.edu [Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 (United States); Arisaka, Fumio [Graduate School and School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 5249 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama 226-8501-B39 (Japan); Battisti, Anthony J.; Bowman, Valorie D.; Chipman, Paul R.; Fokine, Andrei; Hafenstein, Susan [Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 (United States); Kanamaru, Shuji [Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 (United States); Graduate School and School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 5249 Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama 226-8501-B39 (Japan); Kostyuchenko, Victor A. [Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 (United States); Mesyanzhinov, Vadim V.; Shneider, Mikhail M. [Laboratory of Molecular Bioengineering, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997 (Russian Federation); Morais, Marc C.; Leiman, Petr G. [Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 (United States); Palermo, Laura M.; Parrish, Colin R. [James A. Baker Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (United States); Xiao, Chuan [Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 (United States)

2007-01-01

The most extensive structural information on viruses relates to apparently icosahedral virions and is based on X-ray crystallography and on cryo-electron microscopy single-particle reconstructions. This paper concerns itself with the study of the macromolecular complexes that constitute viruses, using structural hybrid techniques. The most extensive structural information on viruses relates to apparently icosahedral virions and is based on X-ray crystallography and on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle reconstructions. Both techniques lean heavily on imposing icosahedral symmetry, thereby obscuring any deviation from the assumed symmetry. However, tailed bacteriophages have icosahedral or prolate icosahedral heads that have one obvious unique vertex where the genome can enter for DNA packaging and exit when infecting a host cell. The presence of the tail allows cryo-EM reconstructions in which the special vertex is used to orient the head in a unique manner. Some very large dsDNA icosahedral viruses also develop special vertices thought to be required for infecting host cells. Similarly, preliminary cryo-EM data for the small ssDNA canine parvovirus complexed with receptor suggests that these viruses, previously considered to be accurately icosahedral, might have some asymmetric properties that generate one preferred receptor-binding site on the viral surface. Comparisons are made between rhinoviruses that bind receptor molecules uniformly to all 60 equivalent binding sites, canine parvovirus, which appears to have a preferred receptor-binding site, and bacteriophage T4, which gains major biological advantages on account of its unique vertex and tail organelle.

From structure of the complex to understanding of the biology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rossmann, Michael G.; Arisaka, Fumio; Battisti, Anthony J.; Bowman, Valorie D.; Chipman, Paul R.; Fokine, Andrei; Hafenstein, Susan; Kanamaru, Shuji; Kostyuchenko, Victor A.; Mesyanzhinov, Vadim V.; Shneider, Mikhail M.; Morais, Marc C.; Leiman, Petr G.; Palermo, Laura M.; Parrish, Colin R.; Xiao, Chuan

2007-01-01

The most extensive structural information on viruses relates to apparently icosahedral virions and is based on X-ray crystallography and on cryo-electron microscopy single-particle reconstructions. This paper concerns itself with the study of the macromolecular complexes that constitute viruses, using structural hybrid techniques. The most extensive structural information on viruses relates to apparently icosahedral virions and is based on X-ray crystallography and on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single-particle reconstructions. Both techniques lean heavily on imposing icosahedral symmetry, thereby obscuring any deviation from the assumed symmetry. However, tailed bacteriophages have icosahedral or prolate icosahedral heads that have one obvious unique vertex where the genome can enter for DNA packaging and exit when infecting a host cell. The presence of the tail allows cryo-EM reconstructions in which the special vertex is used to orient the head in a unique manner. Some very large dsDNA icosahedral viruses also develop special vertices thought to be required for infecting host cells. Similarly, preliminary cryo-EM data for the small ssDNA canine parvovirus complexed with receptor suggests that these viruses, previously considered to be accurately icosahedral, might have some asymmetric properties that generate one preferred receptor-binding site on the viral surface. Comparisons are made between rhinoviruses that bind receptor molecules uniformly to all 60 equivalent binding sites, canine parvovirus, which appears to have a preferred receptor-binding site, and bacteriophage T4, which gains major biological advantages on account of its unique vertex and tail organelle

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Eucalyptus globulusem> Bark—A Promising Approach for Triterpenoid Production>

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos M. Silva

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Eucalyptus bark contains significant amounts of triterpenoids with demonstrated bioactivity, namely triterpenic acids and their acetyl derivatives (ursolic, betulinic, oleanolic, betulonic, 3-acetylursolic, and 3-acetyloleanolic acids. In this work, the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE of Eucalyptus> globulus> deciduous bark was carried out with pure and modified carbon dioxide to recover this fraction, and the results were compared with those obtained by Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane. The effects of pressure (100–200 bar, co-solvent (ethanol content (0, 5 and 8% wt, and multistep operation were studied in order to evaluate the applicability of SFE for their selective and efficient production. The individual extraction curves of the main families of compounds were measured, and the extracts analyzed by GC-MS. Results pointed out the influence of pressure and the important role played by the co-solvent. Ethanol can be used with advantage, since its effect is more important than increasing pressure by several tens of bar. At 160 bar and 40 °C, the introduction of 8% (wt of ethanol greatly improves the yield of triterpenoids more than threefold.

Helicobacter pyloriem> Disrupts Host Cell Membranes, Initiating a Repair Response and Cell Proliferation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hsueh-Fen Juan

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Helicobacter pyloriem> (H. pyloriem>, the human stomach pathogen, lives on the inner surface of the stomach and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Plasma membrane repair response is a matter of life and death for human cells against physical and biological damage. We here test the hypothesis that H. pyloriem> also causes plasma membrane disruption injury, and that not only a membrane repair response but also a cell proliferation response are thereby activated. Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA have been considered to be major H. pyloriem> virulence factors. Gastric cancer cells were infected with H. pyloriem> wild type (vacA+/cagA+, single mutant (ΔvacA or ΔcagA or double mutant (ΔvacA/ΔcagA strains and plasma membrane disruption events and consequent activation of membrane repair components monitored. H. pyloriem> disrupts the host cell plasma membrane, allowing localized dye and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx. Ca²⁺-triggered members of the annexin family, A1 and A4, translocate, in response to injury, to the plasma membrane, and cell surface expression of an exocytotic maker of repair, LAMP-2, increases. Additional forms of plasma membrane disruption, unrelated to H.> pylori em>exposure, also promote host cell proliferation. We propose that H. pyloriem> activation of a plasma membrane repair is pro-proliferative. This study might therefore provide new insight into potential mechanisms of H. pyloriem>-induced gastric carcinogenesis.

Fast and sensitive rigid-body fitting into cryo-EM density maps with PowerFit

NARCIS (Netherlands)

C.p.van Zundert, Gydo; M.j.j. Bonvin, Alexandre

2015-01-01

Cryo-EM is a rapidly developing method to investigate the three dimensional structure of large macromolecular complexes. In spite of all the advances in the field, the resolution of most cryo-EM density maps is too low for de novo model building. Therefore, the data are often complemented by fitting

A data base for aging of structural materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oland, C.B.; Naus, D.J.; Jerath, S.

1993-01-01

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) initiated a Structural Aging (SAG) Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The objective of the program is to provide assistance in identifying potential structural safety issues and to establish acceptance criteria for use in nuclear power plant evaluations for continued service. One of the main parts of the program focuses on the development of a Structural Materials Information Center where long-term and environment-dependent material properties are being collected and assembled into a data base. This data base is presented in two complementary formats. The Structural Materials Handbook is an expandable, hard-copy reference document that contains the complete data base for each material. The Structural Materials Electronic Data Base is accessible using an IBM-compatible personal computer. This paper presents an overview of the Structural Materials Information Center and briefly describes the features of the handbook and the electronic data base. In addition, a proposed method for using the data base to establish current property values for materials in existing concrete structures and to estimate the future performance of these materials is also presented. (author)

Structure-Based Turbulence Model

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Reynolds, W

2000-01-01

.... Maire carried out this work as part of his Phi) research. During the award period we began to explore ways to simplify the structure-based modeling so that it could be used in repetitive engineering calculations...

NATURE AND LAW IN THE INSTITUTAS> OF GAIO NATUREZA E DIREITO NAS INSTITUTAS> DE GAIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfredo Carlos Storck

2011-09-01

Full Text Available
In a very famous passage of his Institutes>, the ancient jurist Gaius had divided the Roman Private Law in two parts: the Civil Law and the Law of People. The former is the Law created by the Roman people, whereas the latter is the Law followed by every nation.
Despite its classical origin, there is some disagreement among specialists about the right way to interpret this distinction. By the beginning of the 20^th century, historians like Michel Villey had seen in this distinction the influence of Greek philosophy (Stoic but even Aristotelian among the Roman jurists. But Levy and more recently Kelly have challenged this view and proposed that, in the roman period, philosophers and jurists had completely distinct notions of nature and natural law. The aim of this paper is not to prove the exact influence of Greek philosophy among jurists, but only to suggest that it is not possible to give an interpretation of the classical texts without ascribing to them a theoretical notion of the natural law.
Em uma famosa passagem de suas Institutas>, o jurista romano Gaio dividiu o direito privado em duas partes: o direito civil e o direito dos povos. O primeiro é o direito criado pelo povo romano enquanto o segundo é o direito seguido por todas as nações. A despeito de sua origem clássica, os especialistas discordam acerca do modo de interpretar essa tese. No início do século XX, historiadores como Michel Villey viram na distinção sinais da influência da filosofia grega (estóica e mesmo aristotélica entre os juristas romanos. Posteriormente Levy e mais recentemente Kelly contestaram essa afirmação e defenderam que filósofos e juristas possuíam, no período clássico, noções de natureza e direito natural completamente distintas. O objetivo desse artigo não está em provar a exata influência da filosofia grega entre os juristas, mas apenas em sugerir que não é possível fornecer uma interpretação dos

IPE data base structure and insights

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehner, J.; Youngblood, R.

1993-01-01

A data base (the ''IPE Insights Data Base''), has been developed that stores data obtained from the Individual Plant Examinations (IPEs) which licensees of nuclear power plants are conducting in response to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) Generic Letter GL88-20. The data base, which is a collection of linked dbase files, stores information about individual plant designs, core damage frequency, and containment performance in a uniform, structured way. This data base can be queried and used as a computational tool to derive insights regarding the plants for which data is stored. This paper sets out the objectives of the IPE Insights Data Base, describes its structure and contents, illustrates sample queries, and discusses possible future uses

Rapid increase of near atomic resolution virus capsid structures determined by cryo-electron microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Phuong T; Reddy, Vijay S

2018-01-01

The recent technological advances in electron microscopes, detectors, as well as image processing and reconstruction software have brought single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) into prominence for determining structures of bio-molecules at near atomic resolution. This has been particularly true for virus capsids, ribosomes, and other large assemblies, which have been the ideal specimens for structural studies by cryo-EM approaches. An analysis of time series metadata of virus structures on the methods of structure determination, resolution of the structures, and size of the virus particles revealed a rapid increase in the virus structures determined by cryo-EM at near atomic resolution since 2010. In addition, the data highlight the median resolution (∼3.0 Å) and size (∼310.0 Å in diameter) of the virus particles determined by X-ray crystallography while no such limits exist for cryo-EM structures, which have a median diameter of 508 Å. Notably, cryo-EM virus structures in the last four years have a median resolution of 3.9 Å. Taken together with minimal sample requirements, not needing diffraction quality crystals, and being able to achieve similar resolutions of the crystal structures makes cryo-EM the method of choice for current and future virus capsid structure determinations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Local feeding specialization of the red fox (Vulpes vulpesem> in response to eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanusem> introduction (NW Italy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Balestrieri

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract To appreciate the influence of the introduction of the Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanusem> on the food habits of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes, between June 1998 and February 2000 fox diet was investigated by means of scat analysis (N=115 in a 250 ha wide Natural Reserve of NW Italy, and compared with data collected in the same area prior to cottontail colonization (1988-1989. Comparison included also the diet of badgers (Meles melesem>, considered as potential competitors for food resources. Alien lagomorphs (mean percent volume, Vm% = 68% represented by far the most exploited resource, only three other food items reaching values of mean percent volume barely higher than 5%. Cottontails frequency of occurrence did not vary according either to season or to their reproductive cycle (II-IX vs. X-I, whilst diet niche breadth varied inversely proportional to the use of this key-resource. Overall fox trophic niche breadth varied from 0.64 in 1988-89 to 0.31 in 1998-00 (B, Levin’s index. These findings led us to consider the feeding habits of the fox in the study area as a result of local specialization of a typical generalist carnivore, according to the predictions of optimal foraging theory. No variation occurred in the badger niche breadth since cottontail introduction, whilst niche overlap between foxes and badgers decreased from 0.59 to 0.13 (O, Pianka’s index, possibly reducing competition for food in summer. Riassunto Specializzazione alimentare a livello locale della Volpe Vulpes vulpesem> in risposta all’introduzione del Silvilago Sylvilagus floridanusem> (Italia nord occidentale. Per valutare gli effetti dell’introduzione del Silvilago (Sylvilagus floridanusem> sul comportamento alimentare della volpe (Vulpes vulpesem>, nel periodo giugno 1998-febbraio 2000, la dieta del carnivoro è stata definita tramite l’analisi di 115

Comportamento ingestivo e parâmetros sanguíneos em ovinos que receberam dietas contendo aditivos à base de extratos de própolis em pó

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O.P. Prado-Calixto

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do extrato de própolis (LLOSC2 sobre o comportamento ingestivo e os parâmetros sanguíneos em cordeiros alimentados com dieta concentrada. Foram utilizados quatro cordeiros machos, castrados, sem raça definida e com peso médio inicial de 32±1,92kg, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas individuais durante todo o período experimental. O delineamento experimental foi em quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro animais, quatro dietas e quatro períodos experimentais. As dietas diferiram em relação à adição ou não de extratos de própolis à ração. As dietas testadas diferiam na adição de zero (controle, 1(88,16mg/g de flavonoides, duas (176,32mg/g de flavonoides ou três (264,48mg/g de flavonoides doses de aditivo à base de extrato de própolis LLOSC2. A dieta tinha relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 e foi formulada para ganhos de 250g. A ração concentrada era composta de milho e farelo de soja. O comportamento ingestivo dos animais foi observado por 24 horas, divididas em quatro períodos de seis horas. As coletas de sangue eram realizadas no último dia do período. Não houve efeito das doses LLOSC2 sobre o tempo despendido em alimentação, ruminação, ócio e ingestão de água. A duração do ciclo ruminativo foi maior nos animais que receberam duas doses de LLOSC2, e o número de movimentos mastigatórios também tendeu a aumentar no período que compreendia das 13 às 19h. Já a dieta contendo uma dose de LLOSC2 aumentou a duração da ruminação do bolo bem como o seu número total de mastigações no período de uma a sete horas. Houve uma diminuição nos níveis séricos de cortisol com a adição de três doses de LLOSC2. O hemograma, o leucograma, o perfil bioquímico e as imunoglobulinas não foram afetados pela inclusão das doses de LLSOC2. A administração de extrato de própolis LLOSC2 à dieta de ovinos não afetou seu comportamento ingestivo, os parâmetros hematol

Estratégias de ensino em enfermagem para colaborar e trabalhar em equipe: revisão integrativa da literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joana Marques Romeiro

2018-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo Identificar na literatura de Enfermagem, publicada entre 2010-2014, as estratégias de ensino aplicadas pelos docentes na promoção da capacidade de colaboração e de trabalho em equipe no estudante de Enfermagem. Métodos A revisão integrativa da literatura permitiu a seleção dos estudos empíricos publicados em Enfermagem, entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2014. A pesquisa decorreu em abril de 2015, recorrendo à plataforma EBSCOhost para pesquisa nas bases de dados CINAHL® Plus with Full text, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, Cochrane Collection, MedicLatina e MEDLINE with Full text, Academic Search Complete, Education Research Complete. Resultados Obtiveram-se 18 estudos empíricos. Abordagens acadêmicas baseadas em simulações de alta e baixa fidelidade, “role play”, trabalhos de grupo, debates reflexivos e estágios clínicos foram estratégias empregadas. Conclusões Salienta-se a necessidade de instrumentos que possam ser usados na avaliação da competência de colaborar e trabalhar em equipe nos estudantes do primeiro ciclo de Enfermagem.

Excerpt from Subverting Exclusion: Transpacific Encounters with Race, Caste, and Borders, 1885–1928em>

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Geiger

2011-12-01

Full Text Available
The Japanese immigrants who arrived in the North American West in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries included people with historical ties to Japan’s outcaste communities. In the only English-language book on the subject, Andrea Geiger examines the history of these and other Japanese immigrants in the United States and Canada and their encounters with two separate cultures of exclusion, one based in caste and the other in race.
Geiger reveals that the experiences of Japanese immigrants in North America were shaped in part by attitudes rooted in Japan’s formal status system, mibunsei,> decades after it was formally abolished. In the North American West, however, the immigrants’ understanding of social status as caste-based collided with American and Canadian perceptions of status as primarily race-based. Geiger shows how the lingering influence of Japan’s strict status system affected immigrants’ perceptions and understandings of race in North America and informed their strategic responses to two increasingly complex systems of race-based exclusionary law and policy.

Metabolic Profiling of Lactococcus lactisem> Under Different Culture Conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Normah Mohd Noor

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS and headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS were used to study metabolites produced by Lactococcus lactisem> subsp. cremoris> MG1363 grown at a temperature of 30 °C with and without agitation at 150 rpm, and at 37 °C without agitation. It was observed that L. lactisem> produced more organic acids under agitation. Primary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and polyols were identified as the corresponding trimethylsilyl (TMS derivatives, whereas amino acids and organic acids, including fatty acids, were detected through methyl chloroformate derivatization. HS analysis indicated that branched-chain methyl aldehydes, including 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 2-methylpropanal are degdradation products of isoleucine, leucine or valine. Multivariate analysis (MVA using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA revealed the major differences between treatments were due to changes of amino acids and fermentation products.

Continuous Analog of Accelerated OS-EM Algorithm for Computed Tomography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kiyoko Tateishi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM algorithm is used for an iterative image reconstruction (IIR method and performs well with respect to the inverse problem as cross-entropy minimization in computed tomography. For accelerating the convergence rate of the ML-EM, the ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OS-EM with a power factor is effective. In this paper, we propose a continuous analog to the power-based accelerated OS-EM algorithm. The continuous-time image reconstruction (CIR system is described by nonlinear differential equations with piecewise smooth vector fields by a cyclic switching process. A numerical discretization of the differential equation by using the geometric multiplicative first-order expansion of the nonlinear vector field leads to an exact equivalent iterative formula of the power-based OS-EM. The convergence of nonnegatively constrained solutions to a globally stable equilibrium is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theorem for consistent inverse problems. We illustrate through numerical experiments that the convergence characteristics of the continuous system have the highest quality compared with that of discretization methods. We clarify how important the discretization method approximates the solution of the CIR to design a better IIR method.

Matérias estranhas em canela em pó e páprica em pó, comercializadas no estado de São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CORREIA Marlene

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Com objetivos de padronizar metodologias para matérias estranhas em canela em pó e páprica em pó e de avaliar as condições higiênicas desses condimentos, foram adquiridas, no período de agosto a novembro de 1998, 78 amostras de canela em pó e 56 de páprica em pó, em estabelecimentos comerciais de seis cidades do Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados métodos da Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC - 1995, 16.14.12/968.38b para canela em pó e 16.14.22/977.25B para páprica em pó. Os métodos mostraram-se adequados, sem resíduos interferentes no papel de filtro que dificultasse o diagnóstico da análise e viáveis de serem utilizados nos laboratórios de Microscopia de Alimentos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram 100% das amostras contendo fragmentos de insetos; pêlos de roedor foram isolados em 73,1% de amostras de canela em pó e 34,0% de páprica em pó, enquanto ácaros mortos apareceram, respectivamente, em 37,2% e 12,5% de amostras. É necessário revisão da legislação de alimentos em vigor, com o estabelecimento de níveis de tolerância para fragmentos de insetos.

Economic structure and performance of forest-based industries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Laughlin, J.

1989-01-01

This paper reports on the economic structure, conduct, and performance of industries dependent on the nation's forests that are topics of special importance for research. A major challenge to research involving industrial organization of forest-based industries is to link descriptions of structure, conduct, and industrial performance in ways that facilitate public and private policy making. Not to be overlooked is the need to continue efforts to monitor changes in structure and conduct dimensions at the national level and to conduct baseline studies of industry structure-conduct-performance at regional, state, and local levels. Specifically needed is research that will improve understanding of restructuring within the wood-based industry; definitions of the wood-based industry and segments thereof; linkages between structure and regional economic development; timberland as a managerial and economic variable; structural consequences of technological innovations; corporate strategies as related to performance; structural dimensions in an international setting; and structure and performance of nonwood-based forest industries. Economics research focused in such directions will go far toward improving the manner in which the nation's many forest industries organize and conduct their activities

Automated polyp measurement based on colon structure decomposition for CT colonography

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Huafeng; Li, Lihong C.; Han, Hao; Peng, Hao; Song, Bowen; Wei, Xinzhou; Liang, Zhengrong

2014-03-01

Accurate assessment of colorectal polyp size is of great significance for early diagnosis and management of colorectal cancers. Due to the complexity of colon structure, polyps with diverse geometric characteristics grow from different landform surfaces. In this paper, we present a new colon decomposition approach for polyp measurement. We first apply an efficient maximum a posteriori expectation-maximization (MAP-EM) partial volume segmentation algorithm to achieve an effective electronic cleansing on colon. The global colon structure is then decomposed into different kinds of morphological shapes, e.g. haustral folds or haustral wall. Meanwhile, the polyp location is identified by an automatic computer aided detection algorithm. By integrating the colon structure decomposition with the computer aided detection system, a patch volume of colon polyps is extracted. Thus, polyp size assessment can be achieved by finding abnormal protrusion on a relative uniform morphological surface from the decomposed colon landform. We evaluated our method via physical phantom and clinical datasets. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of our method in consistently quantifying the size of polyp volume and, therefore, facilitating characterizing for clinical management.

IPE data base structure and insights

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehner, J.; Youngblood, R.

1994-01-01

A data base (the open-quotes IPE Insights Data Baseclose quotes), has been developed that stores data obtained from the Individual Plant Examinations (IPEs) which licensees of nuclear power plants are conducting in response to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) Generic Letter GL88-20. The data base, which is a collection of linked dBase files, stores information about individual plant designs, core damage frequency, and containment performance in a uniform, structured way. This data base can be queried and used as a computational tool to derive insights regarding the plants for which data is stored. This paper sets out the objectives of the IPE Insights Data Base, describes its structure and contents, illustrates sample queries, and discusses possible future uses

Application of the EM algorithm to radiographic images.

Science.gov (United States)

Brailean, J C; Little, D; Giger, M L; Chen, C T; Sullivan, B J

1992-01-01

The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm has received considerable attention in the area of positron emitted tomography (PET) as a restoration and reconstruction technique. In this paper, the restoration capabilities of the EM algorithm when applied to radiographic images is investigated. This application does not involve reconstruction. The performance of the EM algorithm is quantitatively evaluated using a "perceived" signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as the image quality metric. This perceived SNR is based on statistical decision theory and includes both the observer's visual response function and a noise component internal to the eye-brain system. For a variety of processing parameters, the relative SNR (ratio of the processed SNR to the original SNR) is calculated and used as a metric to compare quantitatively the effects of the EM algorithm with two other image enhancement techniques: global contrast enhancement (windowing) and unsharp mask filtering. The results suggest that the EM algorithm's performance is superior when compared to unsharp mask filtering and global contrast enhancement for radiographic images which contain objects smaller than 4 mm.

Deus sobre as pedras: Guilherme Figueiredo em Israel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Filipe Amaral Rocha de Meneses

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Entre 1963 e 1964, Guilherme Figueiredo – teatrólogo, romancista e crítico de teatro brasileiro – fez uma viagem a Israel, na época uma ainda jovem nação de quinze anos. Essa viagem resultou em Deus sôbre as pedras: Israel, publicado em 1965. O livro contém assuntos variados relativos a Israel, desde explicações sobre a formação do Estado, crítica teatral de autores israelenses e explicação sobre como são constituídos os kibutzim. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar este relato, tomando por base: as descrições dos locais históricos visitados pelo autor, a critica e a interpretação da cultura nacional israelense em formação e os diálogos e encontros que Figueiredo mantem com brasileiros que viviam em Israel – conversas nas quais o principal assunto era a comparação entre a cultura brasileira e a cultura israelense em formação.

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Financiamento e diversidade produtiva: um modelo baseado em agentes com flutuações cíclicas emergentes Financing and productive diversity: an agent-based model with emergent cyclic fluctuations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teófilo Henrique Pereira de Paula

2013-04-01

Full Text Available As abordagens que consideram os choques externos como causa principal das flutuações econômicas têm dominado o debate sobre o tema. De fato, a ideia de que instabilidades podem se originar endogenamente sempre esbarrou em dificuldades de formalização ao pressupor a existência de processos não lineares e cumulativos como intrínsecos ao sistema econômico. Recentemente, a utilização de ferramentas computacionais tem permitido a superação de muitos desses obstáculos. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento agregado de um sistema econômico caracterizado pela interação entre unidades individuais heterogêneas que tomam decisões de forma descentralizada em um ambiente incerto. A metodologia utilizada se baseia na construção e na implementação computacional de um modelo de simulação baseado em agentes (agent-based model. Particularmente, uma estrutura industrial com diferenciação assimétrica de produtos é conectada a um sistema financeiro por meio do mercado de crédito. Dentre os principais resultados, crises financeiras com características bastante próximas daquelas descritas por Minsky emergem da evolução do sistema.External shocks as the major cause of economic fluctuations have dominated the debate in economic theory. In fact, propositions based on endogenous explanation of instabilities always found difficulties in formalization, basically by considering nonlinearities and cumulativeness as intrinsic characteristics of the economic system. Recently, however, the use of computational tools has increasingly allowed overcoming these obstacles. In this context, the paper aims at analyzing the aggregate behavior of an economic system characterized by interaction between heterogeneous agents, which take decisions in a decentralized way and subject to uncertainty. The methodology is based on construction and computational implementation of an agent-based model. Specifically, an

Potencial de economia de energia elétrica em edificações comerciais híbridas localizadas em Florianópolis, SC

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Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp

Full Text Available A ventilação natural baseada em aberturas nas fachadas tem sua aplicabilidade limitada pelas características do clima, local e tipo de edificação, mas pode ser potencializada por meio da ventilação híbrida (ventilação natural e mecânica. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar o potencial de economia de energia elétrica com a utilização da ventilação híbrida em edifícios comerciais localizados em Florianópolis, SC. Como modelos de ambiente foram utilizadas salas com diferentes geometrias e tamanhos, em quatro orientações e com dez dimensões de janela por ambiente. Cada modelo foi estudado por dois casos: um caso-base em que se operou somente com sistema de ar condicionado; e um caso em que se aplicou a ventilação híbrida. As simulações termoenergéticas foram realizadas no programa EnergyPlus, utilizando-se do arquivo climático de Florianópolis TRY. A partir dos resultados das simulações obteve-se o consumo anual de eletricidade de cada ambiente. Os consumos do caso-base foram comparados com os do caso com ventilação híbrida. Desse modo, calcularam-se as porcentagens de economia de energia geradas pelo uso da ventilação híbrida. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise de alternativas de comportamento do usuário com relação aos padrões de uso da ventilação híbrida. A estratégia híbrida de ventilação apresentou uma significativa economia de energia, chegando-se a uma redução de consumo total de energia de até 31,9%. Porém, em que pese este potencial de economia de energia, é provável que os usuários possam se sentir insatisfeitos em determinados dias quentes, nos quais o sistema de ar condicionado é desligado em algum momento.

Cryo-EM Structure of a KCNQ1/CaM Complex Reveals Insights into Congenital Long QT Syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Ji; MacKinnon, Roderick

2017-06-01

KCNQ1 is the pore-forming subunit of cardiac slow-delayed rectifier potassium (I Ks ) channels. Mutations in the kcnq1 gene are the leading cause of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). Here, we present the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a KCNQ1/calmodulin (CaM) complex. The conformation corresponds to an "uncoupled," PIP 2 -free state of KCNQ1, with activated voltage sensors and a closed pore. Unique structural features within the S4-S5 linker permit uncoupling of the voltage sensor from the pore in the absence of PIP 2 . CaM contacts the KCNQ1 voltage sensor through a specific interface involving a residue on CaM that is mutated in a form of inherited LQTS. Using an electrophysiological assay, we find that this mutation on CaM shifts the KCNQ1 voltage-activation curve. This study describes one physiological form of KCNQ1, depolarized voltage sensors with a closed pore in the absence of PIP 2 , and reveals a regulatory interaction between CaM and KCNQ1 that may explain CaM-mediated LQTS. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multiple functional roles of the accessory I-domain of bacteriophage P22 coat protein revealed by NMR structure and CryoEM modeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Rizzo, Alessandro A; Suhanovsky, Margaret M; Baker, Matthew L; Fraser, LaTasha C R; Jones, Lisa M; Rempel, Don L; Gross, Michael L; Chiu, Wah; Alexandrescu, Andrei T; Teschke, Carolyn M

2014-06-10

Some capsid proteins built on the ubiquitous HK97-fold have accessory domains imparting specific functions. Bacteriophage P22 coat protein has a unique insertion domain (I-domain). Two prior I-domain models from subnanometer cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) reconstructions differed substantially. Therefore, the I-domain's nuclear magnetic resonance structure was determined and also used to improve cryoEM models of coat protein. The I-domain has an antiparallel six-stranded β-barrel fold, not previously observed in HK97-fold accessory domains. The D-loop, which is dynamic in the isolated I-domain and intact monomeric coat protein, forms stabilizing salt bridges between adjacent capsomers in procapsids. The S-loop is important for capsid size determination, likely through intrasubunit interactions. Ten of 18 coat protein temperature-sensitive-folding substitutions are in the I-domain, indicating its importance in folding and stability. Several are found on a positively charged face of the β-barrel that anchors the I-domain to a negatively charged surface of the coat protein HK97-core. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Isolamento de micobactérias em Felis concolor em cativeiro

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María Julia Traversa

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado em uma reserva natural da Argentina com antecedentes de tuberculose em uma suçuarana adulta. O objetivo foi identificar por meio de técnicas bacteriológicas e de biologia molecular as espécies isoladas da orofaringe de cinco suçuaranas que apresentavam sinais clínicos inespecíficos. As amostras foram colhidas das suçuaranas após sedação. Posteriormente foram processadas para obtenção do isolamento e identificação por meio de provas bioquímicas do gênero Mycobacterium pela técnica de PCR. Investigou-se a presença das seqüências de inserção IS6110 e IS1081 e hsp65. Obtiveram-se resultados positivos à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen de quatro amostras, isolando cinco cepas de crescimento lento. As cepas foram classificadas como M. gordonae em dois casos e M. simiae, M scrofulaceum e M. avium/intracellulare em um. Por PRA, identificou-se o padrão de M. gordonae em três cepas e M. avium III ou M. simiae em dois.

Marketing em moda

OpenAIRE

Leães, Sabrina Durgante

2008-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado em Design e Marketing O actual estado do Marketing em Moda é uma das questões ainda complexa com que se debate a sociedade global. As questões do Marketing em Moda percorrem alguns aspectos fundamentais tais como as constantes mutações do meio envolvente, a forma de como é percebida e comunicada a identidade das marcas de moda, em busca da melhor forma de segmentar o mercado e definir o seu posicionamento, bem como a reacção ao produto de moda do consumidor final. ...

Interações silício-fósforo em solos cultivados com eucalipto em casa de vegetação

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Carvalho Rui

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as interações Si-P em dois solos, por meio do estado nutricional de P em mudas de Eucalyptus grandis sob efeito de aplicação de Si. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, utilizando como substratos as camadas superficiais (0-20 cm de profundidade de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro fase cerrado e de um Cambissolo fase campo cerrado da zona fisiográfica Campos das Vertentes, MG . Cada solo foi submetido a três incubações seqüenciais: CaCO3 + MgCO3 para manter o pH em torno de 6, fertilização básica, incluindo o P em dose única, para manter 0,2 mg L-1 de P em solução e seis doses de Si (CaSiO3 definidas com base na dose de P. Foram avaliados a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA, conteúdo de P e Si na MSPA e frações fosfatadas e fosfatase ácida em folhas apicais aos 60, 90 e 120 dias após o transplantio das mudas para os vasos. Ajustaram-se superfícies de resposta para essas variáveis em razão das doses de Si e das épocas. Mudas cultivadas no Cambissolo tiveram ganho de 15,25% no conteúdo de P na MSPA. Frações fosfatadas e atividade da fosfatase ácida em plantas não mostraram sensibilidade para avaliar a interação Si-P nos dois solos.

An Implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL in Postgraduate Engineering Education According to the Students Uma Implementação da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (PBL na Pós-Graduação em Engenharia sob a Ótica dos Alunos

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Maria da Graça Nicoletti Mizukami

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Problem-based Learning (PBL is an instructional method that – contrary to conventional models that place application problems after the introduction of a concept or content – uses a problem to motivate, focus and initiate learning. Besides promoting the construction of knowledge, this methodology aims at the development of skills and attitudes deemed as important for effective professional practice. This research, of a qualitative nature, analyses a PBL implementation developed in a course of the postgraduate engineering curriculum at a public university in Brazil. The data were collected through participant observation, non-structured interviews and an end-of-semester questionnaire, when the students were asked to evaluate the methodology, its advantages and disadvantages and its attainment to the course educational goals, i.e., knowledge, skills and attitudes. Despite increasing their study time and workload, most of the students favored the methodology for providing more motivating and active classes, and for assisting in the development of interpersonal, research and problem-solving skills as well as attitudes such as respect for other points of view, adaptability, self-directed learning, collaboration etc.A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas ou PBL (Problem-Based Learning, ao contrário do modelo convencional, usa o problema para motivar, focar e iniciar a aprendizagem. Além de promover a construção dos conhecimentos a PBL objetiva o desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes tidas como importantes para uma prática profissional efetiva. Este trabalho, uma pesquisa-intervenção de natureza qualitativa, analisa a avaliação de alunos sobre uma implementação da PBL em uma disciplina de pós-graduação em engenharia de uma universidade pública em São Carlos, SP. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho foram coletados por meio de observação participante, entrevistas não estruturadas e de um questionário de final de curso respondido

Infracommunities of intestinal helminths of the Red Fox Vulpes vulpesem> (Linnaeus, 1758 from Italian Alps

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Anna Rita Di Cerbo

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Vulpes vulpesem> (Linnaeus, 1758 is one of the most common carnivore in Italy and its spread includes almost the whole national territory. The species shows an high ecological plasticity and a variable diet composition connected in part to human sources. This high adaptability permits the red foxes to colonize different habitats like the suburbs of large cities as well as the small villages located in mountain areas. On the other hand, the tourism pressure seems to assume a great importance in the Alps, also in those areas where the foxes live. So, indirect interactions could take place between these animals and the humans. The role of V. vulpesem> in the zoonoses has not to be understated since this carnivore could transmit parasitic diseases that are able to cause serious pathologies in humans. This study aims just to investigate on intestinal communities of helmiths of V. vulpesem> in order to make progress in current knowledge on epidemiological situation in Italian Alps. During 1998-2003, we have examined 450 foxes from Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto, Lombardia and Valle d'Aosta. The specimens collected were found dead or have been hunted (according to national law n. 157/92 in localities situated between 170 and 2200 m a.s.l. The carcasses were carried to the provincial sections of Zooprofilattici Institutes, where the intestine was drawn by each sample and all the material was sent to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Milan. Parasitological examination of the small intestines was performed by the analysis of the whole sediment and counting technique (SCT. Parasites were preserved in alcohol 70° before to be clarified or stained and identified by microscope (Zeiss Axioscop. Mean abundance, mean intensity and prevalence were calculated for each taxon of helminth. Dates of sampling were grouped within the four seasons. Statistic tests were performed with software package SPSS rel. 11.5 and spatial analysis with the

Enzymatic Properties and Mutational Studies of Chalcone Synthase from Physcomitrella patensem>

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Mahiran Basri

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Pp>CHS is a member of the type III polyketide synthase family and catalyses the synthesis of the flavonoid precursor naringenin chalcone from p>-coumaroyl-CoA. Recent research reports the production of pyrone derivatives using either hexanoyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA as starter molecule. The Cys-His-Asn catalytic triad found in other plant chalcone synthase predicted polypeptides is conserved in Pp>CHS. Site directed mutagenesis involving these amino acids residing in the active-site cavity revealed that the cavity volume of the active-site plays a significant role in the selection of starter molecules as well as product formation. Substitutions of Cys 170 with Arg and Ser amino acids decreased the ability of the Pp>CHS to utilize hexanoyl-CoA as a starter molecule, which directly effected the production of pyrone derivatives (products. These substitutions are believed to have a restricted number of elongations of the growing polypeptide chain due to the smaller cavity volume of the mutant’s active site.

Em busca de um perfil epistemológico para a prática educacional em educação em ciências Seeking an epistemic profile for educational practice in Science Education

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Rejane Aurora Mion

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Procuramos fazer uma comparação entre programas de investigação científica em Lakatos (1978 e 1979 e programas de investigação-ação educacionais crítico-ativos, buscando assim o perfil epistemológico da prática educacional em ciências naturais, apontando em que a ciência pode iluminar a nossa prática, os nossos problemas de ensinar e aprender. Nas idéias de Lakatos, buscamos complementos para a estruturação de um programa de investigação-ação educacional na formação inicial de professores, bem como a orientação para a reconstrução racional da própria prática educacional. Não estamos querendo priorizar as ciências naturais sobre as ciências sociais, mesmo porque essa visão de mundo não daria conta dos problemas no ensino, pois são visões distintas. Buscamos bases epistemológicas para o fazer educativo.We carry out a comparison between the scientific research programs, described by Lakatos (1978 and 1979, and the educational programs of active critical action-research, seeking an epistemic profile and pointing out where science can clarify our practice and identify problems of learning and teaching. Taking into account Lakatos' ideas, we seek features to structure an educational action-research program for initial teachers as well as establishing guidelines for a rational reconstruction of teachers' own practice. We do not intend to prioritize natural sciences over social sciences because it would not solve the teaching problems since both present different points of view. We are seeking an epistemic foundation for educational practice.

Sobrevivencia de Salmonella enteritidis em ovos artificialmente contaminados e submetidos a diferentes tipos de cocção e em alimentos preparados a base de ovos e consumidos sem tratamento termico

OpenAIRE

Magaly Ananias Afonso

1994-01-01

Resumo: Determinou-se a sobrevivência de Salmonella enteritidis em ovos artificialmente, contaminados e submetidos à cocção em chama de gás e forno de microondas (FMO), e, em alimentos preparados com ovos contaminados c submetidos a diferentes temperaturas de armazenagem. Foi utilizado Salmonella enteritidis patogênico, fagotipo 28 isolado de aves e ovos brancos de galinhas comerciais. Os alimentos contaminados com aproximadamente 106 a 108 UFC e examinados foram: ovos cozidos em água ...

Linear array implementation of the EM algorithm for PET image reconstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajan, K.; Patnaik, L.M.; Ramakrishna, J.

1995-01-01

The PET image reconstruction based on the EM algorithm has several attractive advantages over the conventional convolution back projection algorithms. However, the PET image reconstruction based on the EM algorithm is computationally burdensome for today's single processor systems. In addition, a large memory is required for the storage of the image, projection data, and the probability matrix. Since the computations are easily divided into tasks executable in parallel, multiprocessor configurations are the ideal choice for fast execution of the EM algorithms. In tis study, the authors attempt to overcome these two problems by parallelizing the EM algorithm on a multiprocessor systems. The parallel EM algorithm on a linear array topology using the commercially available fast floating point digital signal processor (DSP) chips as the processing elements (PE's) has been implemented. The performance of the EM algorithm on a 386/387 machine, IBM 6000 RISC workstation, and on the linear array system is discussed and compared. The results show that the computational speed performance of a linear array using 8 DSP chips as PE's executing the EM image reconstruction algorithm is about 15.5 times better than that of the IBM 6000 RISC workstation. The novelty of the scheme is its simplicity. The linear array topology is expandable with a larger number of PE's. The architecture is not dependant on the DSP chip chosen, and the substitution of the latest DSP chip is straightforward and could yield better speed performance

GraDeR: Membrane Protein Complex Preparation for Single-Particle Cryo-EM.

Science.gov (United States)

Hauer, Florian; Gerle, Christoph; Fischer, Niels; Oshima, Atsunori; Shinzawa-Itoh, Kyoko; Shimada, Satoru; Yokoyama, Ken; Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori; Stark, Holger

2015-09-01

We developed a method, named GraDeR, which substantially improves the preparation of membrane protein complexes for structure determination by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In GraDeR, glycerol gradient centrifugation is used for the mild removal of free detergent monomers and micelles from lauryl maltose-neopentyl glycol detergent stabilized membrane complexes, resulting in monodisperse and stable complexes to which standard processes for water-soluble complexes can be applied. We demonstrate the applicability of the method on three different membrane complexes, including the mammalian FoF1 ATP synthase. For this highly dynamic and fragile rotary motor, we show that GraDeR allows visualizing the asymmetry of the F1 domain, which matches the ground state structure of the isolated domain. Therefore, the present cryo-EM structure of FoF1 ATP synthase provides direct structural evidence for Boyer's binding change mechanism in the context of the intact enzyme. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Babesiose cerebral em bovinos: 20 casos

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Rodrigues Aline

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Num estudo retrospectivo de 1.071 necropsias de bovinos, foram encontrados 20 casos de babesiose cerebral confirmados pelo exame de esfregaços do córtex telencefálico. A maioria desses casos ocorreu no verão, em bovinos adultos de raças européias ou suas cruzas. Além dos sinais clínicos neurológicos, observou-se hemoglobinúria, anorexia, febre, taquicardia, taquipnéia e queda na produção de leite. O hemograma realizado em cinco bovinos afetados revelou acentuada anemia regenerativa; em média, 20% dos eritrócitos estavam parasitados por Babesia bovis. Na necropsia de todos os casos, a substância cinzenta dos córtices telencefálico e cerebelar e dos núcleos da base era consistente e caracteristicamente róseo-cereja. Essa coloração devia-se ao seqüestro de eritrócitos nos capilares encefálicos. Nesses eritrócitos, podiam-se observar, tanto em esfregaços do córtex como em preparações histológicas do encéfalo, microorganismos com morfologia compatível com B. bovis. Outros achados de necropsia incluíam hemoglobinúria, rins vermelho-escuros, hepatoesplenomegalia, fígado vermelho-alaranjado, icterícia, hemorragias epicárdicas e endocárdicas e edema e congestão dos linfonodos mesentéricos.

Desempenho e características da carcaça de novilhos terminados em pastejo rotacionado ou em confinamento

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D.O. Olmedo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliados o desempenho e as características de carcaça de 36 novilhos Brahman (Bh, Brangus (Bg e Hereford adaptado (He, terminados em pastejo com suplementação (PSu ou em confinamento (Conf. Os animais foram abatidos quando apresentavam espessura de gordura maior do que 4mm. Na dieta do Conf, a relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40 (com base na matéria seca, continha 13% de proteína bruta (PB e 62% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT. O capim-mombaça continha, em média, 7% de PB e 54% de NDT, e o suplemento 24% de PB e 76% de NDT. Foi observada diferença (P<0,05 no sistema de terminação para o ganho de peso médio diário, com 1,200kg/cab/dia para Conf e 0,675kg/cab/dia para Psu. Os novilhos Bh e Bg pesaram, em média, 445,8kg, e o rendimento da carcaça quente foi de 58,4%, valores maiores que os 399,1kg e 55,4% obtidos pelos animais He. A área de olho de Longissimus foi maior para os animais Bg, 76,42cm². A maciez, 3,71 vs 4,89, e a espessura de gordura subcutânea, 4,64 vs 3,39, foram melhores nos animais terminados em Conf do que nos animais em Psu, respectivamente.

Structuring oil by protein building blocks

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vries, de Auke

2017-01-01

Over the recent years, structuring of oil into ‘organogels’ or ‘oleogels’ has gained much attention amongst colloid-, material,- and food scientists. Potentially, these oleogels could be used as an alternative for saturated- and trans> fats in food products. To develop oleogels as a

Accumulation, Biotransformation, Histopathology and Paralysis in the Pacific Calico Scallop Argopecten ventricosusem> by the Paralyzing Toxins of the Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatumem>

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Rosalba Alonso-Rodriguez

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatumem> produces paralyzing shellfish poisons that are consumed and accumulated by bivalves. We performed short-term feeding experiments to examine ingestion, accumulation, biotransformation, histopathology, and paralysis in the juvenile Pacific calico scallop Argopecten ventricosusem> that consume this dinoflagellate. Depletion of algal cells was measured in closed systems. Histopathological preparations were microscopically analyzed. Paralysis was observed and the time of recovery recorded. Accumulation and possible biotransformation of toxins were measured by HPLC analysis. Feeding activity in treated scallops showed that scallops produced pseudofeces, ingestion rates decreased at 8 h; approximately 60% of the scallops were paralyzed and melanin production and hemocyte aggregation were observed in several tissues at 15 h. HPLC analysis showed that the only toxins present in the dinoflagellates and scallops were the N>-sulfo-carbamoyl toxins (C1, C2; after hydrolysis, the carbamate toxins (epimers GTX2/3 were present. C1 and C2 toxins were most common in the mantle, followed by the digestive gland and stomach-complex, adductor muscle, kidney and rectum group, and finally, gills. Toxin profiles in scallop tissue were similar to the dinoflagellate; biotransformations were not present in the scallops in this short-term feeding experiment.

Identification of Volatile Components of Liverwort (Porella cordaeanaem> Extracts Using GC/MS-SPME and Their Antimicrobial Activity

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Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Chemical constituents of liverwort (Porella cordaeanaem> extracts have been identified using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS. The methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were rich in terpenoids such as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (53.12%, 51.68%, 23.16%, and monoterpene hydrocarbons (22.83%, 18.90%, 23.36%, respectively. The dominant compounds in the extracts were β-phellandrene (15.54%, 13.66%, 12.10% and β-caryophyllene (10.72%, 8.29%, 7.79%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against eleven food microorganisms using the microdilution and disc diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC varied from 0.50 to 2.00 mg/mL for yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 635em>, Zygosacharomyces bailii 45em>, Aerobasidium pullulans L6Fem>, Pichia membranaefaciens OC 71em>, Pichia membranaefaciens OC 70em>, Pichia anomalaem> CBS 5759em>, Pichia anomala DBVPG 3003em> and em>>Yarrowia lipolytica RO13em>, and from 1.00 to 3.00 mg/mL for bacterial strains em>(Salmonella> enteritidis 155em>, Escherichia coli 555em> and Listeria monocytogenes 56Lyem>. Methanol extract showed better activity in comparison with ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. High percentages of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons could be responsible for the better antimicrobial activity.

Design of Composite Structures Using Knowledge-Based and Case Based Reasoning

Science.gov (United States)

Lambright, Jonathan Paul

1996-01-01

A method of using knowledge based and case based reasoning to assist designers during conceptual design tasks of composite structures was proposed. The cooperative use of heuristics, procedural knowledge, and previous similar design cases suggests a potential reduction in design cycle time and ultimately product lead time. The hypothesis of this work is that the design process of composite structures can be improved by using Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Knowledge-Based (KB) reasoning in the early design stages. The technique of using knowledge-based and case-based reasoning facilitates the gathering of disparate information into one location that is easily and readily available. The method suggests that the inclusion of downstream life-cycle issues into the conceptual design phase reduces potential of defective, and sub-optimal composite structures. Three industry experts were interviewed extensively. The experts provided design rules, previous design cases, and test problems. A Knowledge Based Reasoning system was developed using the CLIPS (C Language Interpretive Procedural System) environment and a Case Based Reasoning System was developed using the Design Memory Utility For Sharing Experiences (MUSE) xviii environment. A Design Characteristic State (DCS) was used to document the design specifications, constraints, and problem areas using attribute-value pair relationships. The DCS provided consistent design information between the knowledge base and case base. Results indicated that the use of knowledge based and case based reasoning provided a robust design environment for composite structures. The knowledge base provided design guidance from well defined rules and procedural knowledge. The case base provided suggestions on design and manufacturing techniques based on previous similar designs and warnings of potential problems and pitfalls. The case base complemented the knowledge base and extended the problem solving capability beyond the existence of

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Talcose entre artesãos em pedra-sabão em uma localidade rural do Município de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olívia Maria de Paula Alves Bezerra

Full Text Available A talcose é uma pneumoconiose ainda pouco estudada em nosso meio. Sua ocorrência foi investigada no Distrito de Mata dos Palmitos, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre artesãos em pedra-sabão, que trabalham em produção de base familiar, de caráter informal. Na localidade, vivem cerca de 180 habitantes, dos quais 108 se ocupam com o artesanato em pedra-sabão e 15 alternam a produção de peças artesanais com as atividades nas minas. Foram realizados exames clínicos, enfatizando a história ocupacional; questionário padronizado de sintomas respiratórios; radiografia de tórax (padrão OIT e espirometria. Observou-se baixa prevalência de queixas respiratórias, e a dispnéia foi o sintoma mais freqüente. A ocorrência de bronquite crônica foi identificada em 12 trabalhadores adultos. O exame radiológico de tórax evidenciou pequenas opacidades pulmonares em cinco trabalhadores, e 11 foram considerados suspeitos. Um trabalhador apresentou espessamento pleural em placa. Alterações na espirometria foram observadas em sete trabalhadores. O estudo da composição da poeira revelou a presença de fibras respiráveis de asbesto do grupo dos anfibólios (tremolita-actinolita. Esses resultados sugerem a ocorrência de talcoasbestose entre os artesãos em pedra-sabão.

Structural Health Monitoring Based on Combined Structural Global and Local Frequencies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jilin Hou

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a parameter estimation method for Structural Health Monitoring based on the combined measured structural global frequencies and structural local frequencies. First, the global test is experimented to obtain the low order modes which can reflect the global information of the structure. Secondly, the mass is added on the member of structure to increase the local dynamic characteristic and to make the member have local primary frequency, which belongs to structural local frequency and is sensitive to local parameters. Then the parameters of the structure can be optimized accurately using the combined structural global frequencies and structural local frequencies. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by the experiment of a space truss.

EM International. Volume 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-07-01

It is the intent of EM International to describe the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) various roles and responsibilities within the international community. Cooperative agreements and programs, descriptions of projects and technologies, and synopses of visits to international sites are all highlighted in this semiannual journal. Focus on EM programs in this issue is on international collaboration in vitrification projects. Technology highlights covers: in situ sealing for contaminated sites; and remote sensors for toxic pollutants. Section on profiles of countries includes: Arctic contamination by the former Soviet Union, and EM activities with Germany--cooperative arrangements.

Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)

OpenAIRE

Dias, Marilda C.; Castro, Marília de M.; Kinoshita, Luiza S.; Semir, João

1998-01-01

(Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)). Observou-se, em corte longitudinal de flores de cinco espécies de Xylopia, um anel lenhoso ao redor dos carpelos e sobre ele, inserido de forma espiralada, o conjunto de estames e estaminódios. Para elucidar a natureza desta estrutura, foi realizado um estudo anatômico em flores adultas de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., particularmente da vascularização desde a base do receptáculo até os estames, estaminódios e carpel...

Deficiências de micronutrientes em crianças brasileiras assistidas em creches: revisão da literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dixis Figueroa Pedraza

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Resumo Objetivos Revisar os artigos sobre o estado nutricional de ferro, vitamina A e zinco em crianças brasileiras assistidas em creches, enfocando métodos diagnósticos, prevalências das respectivas deficiências e fatores associados. Métodos A pesquisa de artigos foi efetuada nas bases PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais com amostras representativas aleatórias que utilizaram indicadores bioquímicos para avaliar o estado nutricional de ferro, vitamina A e zinco de crianças assistidas em creches. Calcularam-se as prevalências médias ponderadas de anemia e de deficiência de vitamina A. Computaram-se as variáveis associadas à anemia. Resultados Foram incluídos 21 estudos, nos quais o estado nutricional de ferro, vitamina A e zinco foi analisado em 17, quatro e três, respectivamente. As prevalências médias ponderadas de anemia e de deficiência de vitamina A foram de 42,7% e 12,5%, respectivamente. Crianças de menor idade e de pior condição socioeconômica representaram as principais condições explicativas para a ocorrência de anemia. Conclusões Os resultados sugerem altas prevalências de anemia e de deficiência de vitamina A entre as crianças brasileiras assistidas em creches com perspectivas etiológicas centradas nas doenças infecciosas.

Reliability Based Ship Structural Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dogliani, M.; Østergaard, C.; Parmentier, G.

1996-01-01

This paper deals with the development of different methods that allow the reliability-based design of ship structures to be transferred from the area of research to the systematic application in current design. It summarises the achievements of a three-year collaborative research project dealing...... with developments of models of load effects and of structural collapse adopted in reliability formulations which aim at calibrating partial safety factors for ship structural design. New probabilistic models of still-water load effects are developed both for tankers and for containerships. New results are presented...... structure of several tankers and containerships. The results of the reliability analysis were the basis for the definition of a target safety level which was used to asses the partial safety factors suitable for in a new design rules format to be adopted in modern ship structural design. Finally...

Proposed Doctrine Based Structure of the Armored Reconnaissance Squadron

Science.gov (United States)

2017-06-09

squadron. A new structure was proposed based on the deduced required capabilities, utilizing organizational theory and current army practices. This...squadron, which now puts greater emphasis on this analysis to link structure to doctrinally based task. Organizational Theory Since earliest...expect to find capability based discourse; there is a lack of proposed structure based on capability, task or equipment . The Armour Bulletin serves

System-on-Chip Integration of a New Electromechanical Impedance Calculation Method for Aircraft Structure Health Monitoring

OpenAIRE

Boukabache, Hamza; Escriba, Christophe; Zedek, Sabeha; Medale, Daniel; Rolet, Sebastien; Fourniols, Jean Yves

2012-01-01

The work reported on this paper describes a new methodology implementation for active structural health monitoring of recent aircraft parts made from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer. This diagnosis is based on a new embedded method that is capable of measuring the local high frequency impedance spectrum of the structure through the calculation of the electro-mechanical impedance of a piezoelectric patch pasted non-permanently onto its surface. This paper involves both the laboratory based E/M...

Density-based and transport-based core-periphery structures in networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Sang Hoon; Cucuringu, Mihai; Porter, Mason A

2014-03-01

Networks often possess mesoscale structures, and studying them can yield insights into both structure and function. It is most common to study community structure, but numerous other types of mesoscale structures also exist. In this paper, we examine core-periphery structures based on both density and transport. In such structures, core network components are well-connected both among themselves and to peripheral components, which are not well-connected to anything. We examine core-periphery structures in a wide range of examples of transportation, social, and financial networks-including road networks in large urban areas, a rabbit warren, a dolphin social network, a European interbank network, and a migration network between counties in the United States. We illustrate that a recently developed transport-based notion of node coreness is very useful for characterizing transportation networks. We also generalize this notion to examine core versus peripheral edges, and we show that the resulting diagnostic is also useful for transportation networks. To examine the properties of transportation networks further, we develop a family of generative models of roadlike networks. We illustrate the effect of the dimensionality of the embedding space on transportation networks, and we demonstrate that the correlations between different measures of coreness can be very different for different types of networks.

Home range dynamics of mountain hare (Lepus timidusem> in the Swiss Alps

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne-Sophie Genini-Gamboni

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Little is known on the ecology and behaviour of alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidusem>. Between 1996 and 1997 we analysed by radiotracking the pattern of space use of 8 mountain hares from the Swiss Alps. We estimated home range size using both the kernel density estimator and the minimum convex polygon. We found smaller ranges (38 ha compared to those reported for the species in boreal or arctic habitats, but similar to ranges in Scotland. Hares did not use a centre of major activity (core area and showed high home range overlap, confirming their non-territorial behaviour. Smaller ranges were used during winter compared to the other seasons, whilst no difference in size was found between sexes. Riassunto Dinamica dell'uso dello spazio della lepre bianca (Lepus timidusem> nelle Alpi Svizzere Le informazioni relative all'ecologia e al comportamento della lepre alpina (Lepus timidusem> sono ad oggi scarse. In questo studio abbiamo analizzato l'utilizzo dello spazio di una popolazione di lepre bianca sulle Alpi Svizzere. Tra il 1996 e il 1997 sono stati marcati con redio collare 8 individui di lepre alpina. L'home rangeem> è stato calcolato utilizzando lo stimatore di densità kernel (KDE ed il metodo del minimo poligono convesso (MCP. L'ampiezza degli home rangeem> (38 ha è risultata inferiore a quella riportata per la specie in habitat boreali ed artici. ma simile a quella riscontrata in Scozia. All'interno dell home rangeem> non è stato rilevato alcun centro di maggiore attività (core areaem> ed è stata evidenziata una notevole sovrapposizione tra gli stessi, confermando la non territorialità della specie. Le aree frequentate in inverno sono risultate più piccole rispetto alle altre stagioni e non sono state riscontrate differenze tra i sessi.

Organizational structure in process-based organizations

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vanhaverbeke, W.P.M.; Torremans, H.P.M.

1999-01-01

This paper investigates the role of the organization structure in process-based organizations. We argue that companies cannot be designed upon organizational processes only or that process management can be simply imposed as an additional structural dimension on top of the existing functional or

Salt and divalent cations affect the flexible nature of the natural beaded chromatin structure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Gunna; Griffith, J

1977-01-01

Cl or 0.6M NaCL, and is compact in 0.01 M NaCl solutions if histone H 1 is present. Even high concentrations of urea did not alter the fundamental beaded structure, consisting of 110A beads of 200 base pair content, each joined by thin DNA bridges of 50 base pairs. The physical bead observed by EM...

A novel storage system for cryoEM samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Scapin, Giovanna; Prosise, Winifred W; Wismer, Michael K; Strickland, Corey

2017-07-01

We present here a new CryoEM grid boxes storage system designed to simplify sample labeling, tracking and retrieval. The system is based on the crystal pucks widely used by the X-ray crystallographic community for storage and shipping of crystals. This system is suitable for any cryoEM laboratory, but especially for large facilities that will need accurate tracking of large numbers of samples coming from different sources. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Seasonal changes of trophic niche overlap in the stone marten (Martes foinaem> and the red fox (Vulpes vulpesem> in a mountainous area of the Northern Apennines (N-Italy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Brangi

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Between 1989 and 1991, 284 scats of stone marten (Martes foinaem> and 642 scats of red fox (Vulpes vulpesem> were collected in a 280 km² mountainous area in the northern Apennines. The scats were analyzed to identify differences between the two species' diets. The prey were grouped in 6 food categories: Fruits, Other Vegetables, Small Mammals, Other Vertebrates, Invertebrates and Garbage. Annual trophic niche was wider in the Red fox (0.62 than in the stone marten (0.53. We also found a large overlap between the two species with some small differences: Other Vertebrates, Small Mammals and Other Vegetables were more used by the Red fox, while Fruits were more used by the stone marten. Riassunto Variazioni stagionali della sovrapposizione di nicchia trofica della faina (Martes foinaem> e della volpe (Vulpes vulpesem> in un'area montana degli Appennini settentrionali - Tra il 1989 e il 1991 sono state raccolte 284 feci di faina (Martes foinaem> e 642 feci di volpe (Vulpes vulpesem> in un'area montuosa di 280 km² situata nell'Appennino settentrionale. Le feci sono state analizzate per evidenziare le eventuali differenze nella dieta delle due specie. Le singole prede sono state raggruppate in 6 categorie alimentari: Frutta, Altri Vegetali, Micromammiferi, Altri Vertebrati, Invertebrati, Rifiuti. L'ampiezza annuale della dieta è risultata maggiore nella Volpe (0,62 che non nella Faina (0,53. È stata trovata inoltre una larga sovrapposizione tra le due specie con alcune differenze nell'uso degli Altri Vertebrati, dei Micromammiferi e degli Altri Vegetali che è maggiore nella Volpe e della Frutta, maggiore nella Faina.

Biología y ciclo reproductivo de Apanteles gelechiidivorisem> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, parasitoide de Tuta absolutaem> (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bajonero Johanna

2008-12-01

Full Text Available
Apanteles gelechiidivorisem> es un parasitoide de larvas de Tuta absolutaem> (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae, una plaga importante de cultivos como el tomate y la papa. El uso de este insecto para el control biológico no se ha implementado eficientemente debido a la falta de conocimiento de la biología, específicamente del ciclo de vida y el efecto de factores externos, como la temperatura, en su capacidad parasítica. Se evaluó el desarrollo y la capacidad reproductiva de A. gelechiidivorisem> en cuatro condiciones térmicas: 14, 20, 26 y 32 °C. En la evaluación del desarrollo se realizó una descripción del ciclo, se determinó la duración total de este, se estimaron los umbrales térmicos para cada estadio utilizando el modelo de Lactin y se hallaron los grados día. En la evaluación de la capacidad reproductiva se variaron las densidades del hospedero ofrecidas a una pareja recién emergida de la avispa de 5 hasta 160 y se contó el número de adultos emergidos con los cuales se evaluó longevidad y fecundidad. Adicionalmente se ajustó un modelo de respuesta funcional. La duración del ciclo de vida para las temperaturas evaluadas fue de 39 días en 14 °C, 34 en 20 °C, 19 en 26 °C y 17 en 32 °C. La longevidad fue de 7,5 (14 °C, 7 (20 °C, 5 (26 °C y 2,4 (32 °C días. La temperatura a la cual se pueden optimizar los parámetros reproductivos de esta avispa se encuentra entre 20 y 26 °C.

Plateau iris Íris em platô

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Diniz Filho

2008-10-01

Full Text Available The term plateau iris was first coined in 1958 to describe the iris configuration of a patient. Two years later the concept of plateau iris was published. In 1977, the plateau iris configuration was classically defined as presurgical changes of an eye with a relative normal central anterior chamber depth, flat iris by conventional biomicroscopy, but displaying an extremely narrow or closed angle on gonioscopic examination. On the other hand, the plateau iris syndrome was defined as an acute glaucoma crisis in one eye with a relative normal central anterior chamber depth and patent iridotomy on direct examination, presenting angle closure confirmed by gonioscopic examination after mydriasis. In 1992, the anatomic aspects of plateau iris were studied using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Finally, plateau iris has been considered an anatomic variant of iris structure in which the iris periphery angulates sharply forward from its insertion point and then again angulates sharply and centrally backward, along with an anterior positioning of the ciliary processes seen on ultrasound biomicroscopy. The clinical treatment of plateau iris syndrome is carried out with topical use of pilocarpine. However, the definitive treatment should be fulfilled by performing an argon laser peripheral iridoplasty.O termo íris em platô foi primeiramente inventado em 1958 para descrever a configuração da íris de um paciente. Dois anos depois o conceito de íris em platô foi publicado. Em 1977, a configuração de íris em platô foi classicamente definida como alterações pré-cirúrgicas de um olho com uma profundidade de câmara anterior relativamente normal, íris plana pela biomicroscopia convencional, mas mostrando um ângulo extremamente estreito ou fechado pela gonioscopia. Por outro lado, a síndrome de íris em platô foi definida como uma crise de glaucoma agudo em um olho com uma profundidade de câmara anterior relativamente normal e uma iridectomia patente ao

Dor lombar crônica e dor nos membros inferiores em idosas: etiologia em revisão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Maraschin

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A relação entre dor lombar crônica, dor nos membros inferiores e dependência funcional em idosos evidencia-se pelo comportamento da dor durante a execução de atividades da vida diária. Permanecer em pé, puxar ou empurrar objetos grandes e caminhar podem desencadear dor e causar grande sofrimento para os idosos. OBJETIVO: Identificar as causas descritas na literatura relativas à dor lombar crônica e à dor nos membros inferiores em idosas. MÉTODO: Realizou-se busca, nas bases de dados Medline e Pubmed, de literatura em inglês publicada entre 1992 e 2008. RESULTADOS: Dos 48 artigos encontrados, 33 foram analisados. Entre as causas não mecânicas de dor, foram mencionadas fraturas vertebrais por compressão relacionadas à osteoporose, estenose espinhal lombar, metástases, malignidade, síndrome da cauda equina, bacteremia, infecções geniturinárias, tuberculose, polimialgia reumática, aneurisma aórtico, Doença de Paget e Doença de Parkinson. Entre as causas mecânicas, prevalentes em idosos e relacionadas ao sistema musculoesquelético, foram encontradas indefinições quanto à relação de causa e efeito estabelecida entre osteoartrite e dor. Em mulheres, a relação entre menopausa, uso de estrogênio e ocorrência de osteoporose-fratura-dor parece ainda pouca esclarecida. Associação entre dor lombar e dor nos membros inferiores pode sugerir causas mecânicas ou outras causas, visto que osteoartrite e distúrbios circulatórios, comuns em idosas, nem sempre são fontes de dor. CONCLUSÃO: Pela análise da literatura concluiu-se que, além da etiologia mencionada, outras possibilidades de causas, ainda não completamente identificadas e compreendidas, podem estar na origem da dor lombar e da dor nos membros inferiores de idosas.

Magnetophoresis of flexible DNA-based dumbbell structures

Science.gov (United States)

Babić, B.; Ghai, R.; Dimitrov, K.

2008-02-01

Controlled movement and manipulation of magnetic micro- and nanostructures using magnetic forces can give rise to important applications in biomedecine, diagnostics, and immunology. We report controlled magnetophoresis and stretching, in aqueous solution, of a DNA-based dumbbell structure containing magnetic and diamagnetic microspheres. The velocity and stretching of the dumbbell were experimentally measured and correlated with a theoretical model based on the forces acting on individual magnetic beads or the entire dumbbell structures. The results show that precise and predictable manipulation of dumbbell structures is achievable and can potentially be applied to immunomagnetic cell separators.

Análise do processo de gestão do conhecimento em uma empresa de base tecnológica da cidade de Joinville-SC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evelin Priscila Trindade

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Atualmente o conhecimento é considerado o principal fator de produção das organizações. Dentre as empresas que mais se destacam como intensivas em conhecimento, estão as organizações de base tecnológica. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é mostrar as ações de gestão do conhecimento realizadas por uma empresa de base tecnológica de Joinville/SC. Foi realizado um estudo de caso qualitativo, de caráter exploratório e explicativo, com utilização de dados primários, coletados em duas etapas. A primeira coleta foi feita por meio de um instrumento de pesquisa com perguntas abertas, enviadas por e-mail, a dois colaboradores da organização em foco; e a segunda, por intermédio de ligações telefônicas para os mesmos colaboradores com o objetivo de conhecer melhor a realidade da empresa e analisar as respostas dadas ao questionário. Dentre os principais resultados encontrados, pode-se citar o fato de a empresa fazer uso de ferramentas como Comunidades de Prática, identificadas na rotina organizacional.

Digestibilidade pré-cecal diurna e noturna em equinos fistulados alimentados com diferentes concentrados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as possíveis diferenças entre períodos diurno e noturno dos coeficientes de digestibilidade parcial pré-cecal da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, amido, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro de diferentes dietas formuladas com concentrados energéticos à base de milho, aveia, sorgo e milho/aveia 50/50%. Foram utilizados quatro cavalos íleo-fistulados com 36±4 meses de idade, mestiços, machos, castrados, com peso médio de 308±32kg. O delineamento experimental foi um quadrado latino 4X4 (quatro tratamentos, quatro períodos. Houve diferenças entre os períodos diurno e noturno nas frações da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, amido, fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro no tratamento a base de milho, nas frações fibra em detergente acido e fibra em detergente neutro no tratamento com aveia, e na fibra em detergente ácido dos tratamentos com sorgo e milho/aveia 50/50%.

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Isolados de Dicyma pulvinata em estromas de Microcyclus ulei em seringueira Dicyma pulvinata isolates colonizing Microcyclus ulei stromata in rubber

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sueli Corrêa Marques de Mello

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Dicyma pulvinata é um eficiente agente de biocontrole de Microcyclus ulei, causador do mal-das-folhas da seringueira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter isolados com grande potencial antagônico. Em levantamentos realizados em 14 municípios produtores de borracha, localizados nos Estados do Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará e Rondônia, obtiveram-se 52 isolados de D. pulvinata. O fungo antagônico, isolado diretamente em meio de cultura de batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA, foi identificado com base na morfologia dos conídios e conidióforos e preservado pelos métodos da liofilização, congelamento à temperatura de -80ºC e criopreservação em nitrogênio líquido, a fim de manter as características morfológicas e patogênicas dos isolados. O efeito antagônico foi testado por meio de inoculações de D. pulvinata em lesões de Fusicladium macrosporum induzidas em plantas de seringueira previamente infectadas. Todos os isolados foram incorporados à coleção de fungos da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia.Dicyma pulvinata is an efficient biocontrol agent of Microcyclus ulei, causal agent of South American leaf blight. The objective of this work was to obtain strongly antagonistic isolates. A survey was carried out in rubber plantations located in 14 municipalities in the Sates of Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará and Roraima, Brazil, obtaining 52 isolates of D. pulvinata. The antagonistic fungus was isolated on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA plates and identified based on morphological characteristics of conidiophores and conidia, and colony appearance. The antagonic effect was tested by inoculating D. pulvinata on Fusicladium macrosporum lesions induced on rubber plants, previously. In order to maintain the morphological and pathogenic traits, fungus isolates were preserved by lyophilization, deep freeze (-80ºC and cryogeny. All isolates were introduced into Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia fungus collection.

Theoretical and FEM analysis of suspension and propulsion system with HTS hybrid electromagnets in an EMS Maglev model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chung, Y.D., E-mail: ydchung@suwon.ac.kr [Department of Electrical Engineering, Suwon University, Bongdang Eup, Hwaseong Si 445-743 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, C.Y. [Korea Railroad Research Institute, Woram Dong, Uiwang Si 437-757 (Korea, Republic of); Jang, J.Y. [Department of Electrical Engineering, Ansan College of Technology, Choji-Dong, Ansan Si 425-792 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Y.S. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Ko, T.K. [Department of Electrical Engineering, Ansan College of Technology, Choji-Dong, Ansan Si 425-792 (Korea, Republic of)

2011-11-15

We examine levitation and propulsion forces of the proto-type maglev vehicle system based on 3D FEM. The levitation force increases over 15% due to AC current of the guideway. The levitation force by HTS electromagnet (EM) and AC current is larger over 30% than that of only HTS EM. We have been constructed a proto-type electromagnetic suspension (EMS) based maglev vehicle system. The maglev concept utilizes magnetic forces for noncontact suspension, guidance and propulsion. The suspension system with high temperature superconducting (HTS) hybrid electromagnet (EM) is composed of HTS coils and normal coils, which consume little power to keep large suspension gap. The magnetic forces realize to guide the vehicle, propel the vehicle along the guide-way and assist in braking action. The proto-type EMS-based Maglev model is designed to keep the suspension gap of 20 mm. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of the maglev vehicle based on the EMS model to obtain the designing parameters for levitation and propulsion forces. The magnetic field distributions of the electromagnetic forces with hybrid EM and propulsion stator coils are analyzed based on three dimension (3D) finite element method (FEM) analysis. From the simulation results, appropriately design parameters of the suspension, guidance and propulsion were obtained.

Theoretical and FEM analysis of suspension and propulsion system with HTS hybrid electromagnets in an EMS Maglev model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, Y.D.; Lee, C.Y.; Jang, J.Y.; Yoon, Y.S.; Ko, T.K.

2011-01-01

We examine levitation and propulsion forces of the proto-type maglev vehicle system based on 3D FEM. The levitation force increases over 15% due to AC current of the guideway. The levitation force by HTS electromagnet (EM) and AC current is larger over 30% than that of only HTS EM. We have been constructed a proto-type electromagnetic suspension (EMS) based maglev vehicle system. The maglev concept utilizes magnetic forces for noncontact suspension, guidance and propulsion. The suspension system with high temperature superconducting (HTS) hybrid electromagnet (EM) is composed of HTS coils and normal coils, which consume little power to keep large suspension gap. The magnetic forces realize to guide the vehicle, propel the vehicle along the guide-way and assist in braking action. The proto-type EMS-based Maglev model is designed to keep the suspension gap of 20 mm. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of the maglev vehicle based on the EMS model to obtain the designing parameters for levitation and propulsion forces. The magnetic field distributions of the electromagnetic forces with hybrid EM and propulsion stator coils are analyzed based on three dimension (3D) finite element method (FEM) analysis. From the simulation results, appropriately design parameters of the suspension, guidance and propulsion were obtained.

Ploidia de DNA em astrocitomas: estudo em 66 pacientes brasileiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

KRUTMAN-ZVEIBIL DEBORAH

1999-01-01

Full Text Available A determinação do conteúdo de DNA nuclear (fração de fase S e ploidia de DNA foi realizada por meio de análise de imagem em 66 astrocitomas, a partir de material fixado em formalina e seccionado em cortes de 5 micrômetros corados pela técnica de Feulgen. Nossos resultados mostraram forte relação entre a idade do paciente, grau histológico e sobrevida , com a ploidia de DNA e o percentual de células em fase de síntese. A análise da atividade proliferativa de astrocitomas intracranianos é a nosso ver muito útil no entendimento do comportamento biológico , do prognóstico e para o planejamento terapêutico dessas lesões.

Monitores de diagnóstico em Mamografia : (Os 5MP em Portugal)

OpenAIRE

Timóteo, Maria Teresa

2012-01-01

O carcinoma da mama é o mais comum nas mulheres, em Portugal morrem cerca de 1500 mulheres por ano devido a esta patologia. Serviu o presente estudo para investigar se os Hospitais da Região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo estão equipados, com monitores de diagnóstico em mamografia, que correspondam com as guidelines europeias. O serviço de Mamografia, em Portugal rege-se por estas guidelines, em que é referenciado que para um correcto diagnóstico, com toda a sensibilidade e especific...

IPEP: Laboratory performance evaluation reports for management of DOE EM programs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hensley, J.E.; Lindahl, P.C.; Streets, W.E.

1995-01-01

Environmental restoration program/project managers at DOE's Office of Environmental Management (EM) are making important decisions based on analytical data generated by contracted laboratories. The Analytical Services Division, EM-263, is developing the Integrated Performance Evaluation Program (IPEP) to assess the performance of those laboratories, based on results from Performance Evaluation (PE) programs. The IPEP reports will be used by the laboratories to foster self-assessment and improvement. In addition, IPEP will produce PE reports for three levels of EM management (Operations/Project Offices, Area Program Offices, and Deputy Assistant Secretary Office). These reports will be used to assess whether contracted analytical laboratories have the capability to produce environmental data of the quality necessary for making environmental restoration and waste management decisions

Semiconductor wire array structures, and solar cells and photodetectors based on such structures

Science.gov (United States)

Kelzenberg, Michael D.; Atwater, Harry A.; Briggs, Ryan M.; Boettcher, Shannon W.; Lewis, Nathan S.; Petykiewicz, Jan A.

2014-08-19

A structure comprising an array of semiconductor structures, an infill material between the semiconductor materials, and one or more light-trapping elements is described. Photoconverters and photoelectrochemical devices based on such structure also described.

SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL PARA OTIMIZAÇÃO DE FILAS EM PROCESSOS

OpenAIRE

Botassoli, Guilherme Tonini; UNISC - Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul; Alberti, Rafael Alvise; UNISC - Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul; Furtado, João Carlos; UNISC - Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul

2015-01-01

A utilização de técnicas de otimização em simulação impactam fortemente em diferentes áreas e por isso, acabam por se tornar ferramentas fundamentais na engenharia de processos. Assim, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo para otimização em simulação computacional, em linguagem C a partir do programa Code::Blocks, utilizando-se de conceitos provenientes do Método Enxame de Partículas (MEP) e Algoritmos Genéticos (AG). Partindo inicialmente de um algoritmo base com matriz de números aleatórios, busco...

Calagem na superfície em sistema plantio direto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. F. Caires

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Existem informações conflitantes a respeito da eficiência da aplicação superficial de calcário em sistema plantio direto, particularmente na correção da acidez do subsolo, e de critérios de recomendação de calagem para tal sistema de cultivo. Com o objetivo de avaliar a correção da acidez do solo e a produção de grãos de culturas em rotação no sistema plantio direto, considerando a aplicação de calcário na superfície, foi realizado um experimento em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distrófico textura média, em Ponta Grossa (PR, no período de 1993 a 1998. Os tratamentos, dispostos em blocos completos ao acaso com três repetições, constaram de quatro doses de calcário dolomítico: 0, 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1, calculadas para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 50, 70 e 90%. O calcário foi aplicado em julho de 1993, a lanço, na superfície do solo. Foram cultivados, na seqüência, soja (1993/94, milho (1994/95, soja (1995/96, trigo (1996, soja (1996/97, triticale (1997 e soja (1997/98. A aplicação de calcário na superfície aumentou significativamente o pH, os teores de Ca + Mg trocáveis e a saturação por bases e reduziu significativamente os teores de H + Al do solo, até a profundidade de 60 cm. Estimou-se que a máxima eficiência técnica (MET e a econômica (MEE ocorreriam, respectivamente, com as doses de 3,8 e 3,3 t ha-1 de calcário. A dose de calcário para MEE foi a indicada pelo método da elevação da saturação por bases do solo a 65%, para amostra coletada na profundidade de 0-20 cm, mostrando ser este critério adequado para recomendação de calagem na superfície em sistema plantio direto. Todavia, a calagem na superfície deve ser recomendada somente para solo com pH (CaCl2 inferior a 5,6 ou saturação por bases inferior a 65%, na camada de 0-5 cm.

Are EM's communication tools effective? Evaluation research of two EM publications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wight, Evelyn; Gardner, Gene; Harvey, Tony

1992-01-01

As a reflection of its growing culture of openness, and in response to the public's need for accurate information about its activities, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) has increased the amount of information available to the public through communication tools such as brochures, fact sheets, and a travelling exhibit with an interactive computer display. Our involvement with this effort has been to design, develop, and critique booklets, brochures, fact sheets and other communication tools for EM. This paper presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of two communication tools we developed: the EM Booklet and the EM Fact Sheets. We measured effectiveness using non-parametric testing. This paper describes DOE's culture change, EM's communication tools and their context within DOE'S new open culture, our research, test methods and results, the significance of our research, and our plans for future research. (author)

Substrate structures for InP-based devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wanlass, M.W.; Sheldon, P.

1990-01-01

A substrate structure for an InP-based semiconductor device having an InP based film is described. The substrate structure includes a substrate region having a lightweight bulk substrate and an upper GaAs layer. An interconnecting region is disposed between the substrate region and the InP-based device. The interconnecting region includes a compositionally graded intermediate layer substantially lattice-matched at the opposite end to the InP=based film. The interconnecting region further includes a dislocation mechanism disposed between the GaAs layer and the InP-based film in cooperation with the graded intermediate layer, the buffer mechanism blocking and inhibiting propagation of threading dislocations between the substrate region, and the InP-based device

Tontura em idosos da comunidade: estudo de base populacional Dizziness in community-dewelling older adults: a population-based study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suzana Albuquerque de Moraes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A queixa de tontura é comum em idosos. OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de tontura e os fatores associados em uma amostra de idosos que vivem na comunidade. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte histórica prospectivo, com idosos de 65 anos ou mais. Foi utilizado um inquérito multidimensional e uma bateria de testes físico-funcionais. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de tontura foi de 45%. A tontura giratória foi relatada por 70,4% dos idosos e 43,8% disseram já ter tido crises vertiginosas em algum momento da vida. Houve associação significativa entre queixa de tontura e gênero feminino (p=0,004, relato de dificuldade de memória (p=0,015, má percepção de saúde (p=0,001, depressão (pDizziness is a common complaint among older adults. AIM: To identify the prevalence of dizziness and its related factors in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A prospective population-based study with a representative sample of older adults aged 65 years and over. A multidimensional questionnaire and a battery of measures were used for assessing physical function. RESULTS: The prevalence of dizziness was 45%. Vertigo was found in 70.4% of older adults with dizziness and 43.8% of them referred vertigo crises along life. A significant association was found between dizziness and female gender (p=0.004, memory difficulties complaints (p=0.015, bad health perception (p=0.001, depression (p<0.0001, five or more comorbidities (p=0.021, self-reported fatigue (p<0.0001, recurrent falls (p=0.001, excessive sleepiness (p=0.003, fear of falling (p<0.0001, left leg unipedal stance (p=0.002 and Short Performance Physical Battery score (p=0.009. CONCLUSION: Dizziness is a common complaint among older adults and it is associated with limiting clinical conditions, such as depression, fatigue, excessive sleepiness and impaired memory. It is highlighted the association between dizziness and recurrent falls, fear of falling and lower performance in physical

ESTABILIDADE DO ÁCIDO ASCÓRBICO EM SUCO DE LARANJA (Citrus sinensis) IN NATURA, EM SUCO REFRIGERADO E EM PREPARADOS QUENTES

OpenAIRE

Alves, Ana Paula de Faria; Santos, Janine V.; Neves, Laudelina B.; Sereia, Maria Josiane

2008-01-01

Foi realizada avaliação comparativa da retenção da vitamina C (ácido Ascórbico – AA) em suco fresco de laranjas íntegras, suco de laranja estocada sob refrigeração e em bolo contendo suco de laranja após a cocção em forno culinário convencional. O teor de AA em suco de laranjas armazenadas sob refrigeração por oito semanas variou entre 74,94 e 51,55 mg% com taxa de redução de 0,92% ao dia. Em suco fresco de laranja armazenado sob refrigeração durante sete dias, o teor médio de AA foi de 49,62...

Mortalidade perinatal em duas coortes de base populacional no Sul do Brasil: tendências e diferenciais

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Menezes Ana M. B.

1996-01-01

Full Text Available A evolução da mortalidade perinatal foi estudada em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, através de dois estudos de coorte realizados em 1982 e 1993. Todos os nascimentos hospitalares e os óbitos foram monitorizados com visitas diárias aos hospitais. A causa da morte foi determinada através de informações do prontuário, entrevista com o pediatra e de necrópsias. O coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal sofreu uma redução de 31% na década. O sub-registro que era de 42,1% em 1982, foi de apenas 6,8% em 1993. Dentre as causas de mortalidade perinatal, houve uma redução em 1993 de 58% para óbitos fetais antepartum, 47% para imaturidade e 62% para outras causas. Os coeficientes para asfixia sofreram um aumento de 4,5/1.000 para 8,3/1.000. As meninas apresentaram um coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal menor do que os meninos. Os coeficientes de mortalidade perinatal conforme peso ao nascer e renda familiar sofreram importantes reduções, sendo que a mais notável foi para crianças de baixo peso e de famílias de renda alta, com uma queda de 68%. Assim como em 1982, os recém-nascidos pré-termo tiveram coeficientes três vezes mais elevados do que crianças pequenas para a idade gestacional. Apesar da queda dos índices de mortalidade na década, as diferenças entre os grupos sociais mantiveram-se grandes.

Salmonelose humana e animal em Araraquara, S. Paulo: prevalência de Shigella em casos humanos

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Deise Pasetto Falcão

1975-10-01

Full Text Available Admitida uma baixa freqüência de Salmonella com base em verificações anteriores em casos de diarréia aguda na cidade de Araraquara, S. Paulo, realizou-se uma investigação com um esquema ampliado para o isolamento de Salmonella a partir de 47 casos de gastroenterite infantil, 51 amostras de fezes de animais e 50 amostras de carnes e vísceras de animais destinados a alimentação. Foram isoladas Salmonella em 6,3% dos casos de gastroenterite, 5,8% de fezes de animais e 8,0% de amostras de alimentos, nesse último caso verificando-se a contaminação exclusivamente em fígado de porco, senão negativos todos os resultados de carne e vísceras de bovinos. Os sorotipos isolados corresponderam, em ordem decrescente de freqüência a S. anatum, S. derby e S. daytona. Nas gastroenterites infantis a freqüência de Shigella (12,7% foi duas vezes superior à de Salmonella (6,3%.After some observations, which indicated a low prevalence of Salmonella infections in the area of Araraquara, S. Paulo, an extended schedule of enrichment and isolation media were applied for investigating the presence of Salmonella organisms in 47 fecal specimens from infantile gastroenterites, 51 stool specimens from animais and 50 food samples of animal origin. Salmonella isolates were obtained in 6,3% of the g astro enter itis cases; 5,8% from animal stool cultures and 8,0% from food stuffs. In the last case only pork liver gave positive results, with no isolations being achieved from beef Products. S. anatum, S. derby and S. daytona were found in descendiny order of frequency. As related to the gastroenteritis cases Shigella organisms were twice as frequent than the Salmonella.

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 13-n>-Alkyl Berberine and Palmatine Analogues as Anticancer Agents

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Lei Zhang

2012-09-01

Full Text Available By introducing long carbon-chain alkyl groups at the C-13 position of berberine and palmatine, 13-n>-hexyl/13-n>-octyl berberine and palmatine chloride analogues 4a–d were synthesized and examined by MTT assays for cytotoxic activity in seven human cancer cell lines (7701QGY, SMMC7721, HepG2, CEM, CEM/VCR, KIII, Lewis, yielding IC₅₀ values of 0.02 ± 0.01–13.58 ± 2.84 μM. 13-n>-Octyl palmatine (compound 4d gave the most potent inhibitor activity, with an IC₅₀ of 0.02 ± 0.01 μM for SMMC7721. In all cases, the 13-n>-alkyl berberine and palmatine analogues 4a–d were more cytotoxic than berberine and palmatine. In addition, compounds 4a–d also exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than berberine and palmatine in mice with S180 sarcoma xenografted in vivoem>. The primary screening results indicated that the 13-n>-hexyl/13-n>-octyl berberine and palmatine analogues might be valuable source for new potent anticancer drug candidates.

Sinterização de cerâmicas à base de PZT em forno de microondas Microwave synthesis of PZT based ceramics

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M. V. Gelfuso

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Cerâmicas de titanato e zirconato de chumbo dopadas com neodímio foram sinterizadas em um forno de microondas de uso doméstico modificado. Neste tipo de aquecimento, a energia eletromagnética é transferida diretamente para o material, sendo convertida em calor pelo material cerâmico, reduzindo o tempo e energia durante o processamento. Desta forma, foram produzidos corpos cerâmicos com tempo de sinterização que variou até 30 min, a 1100 e 1200 ºC. As fases foram investigadas por meio de difratometria de raios X. Corpos cerâmicos com densidade de 95% da teórica foram obtidos com tempo de sinterização de 10 min em 1100 ºC, com uma taxa de aquecimento de 400 ºC/min. Para as cerâmicas com densidade superior a 90% da teórica foram medidos os valores de constante dielétrica e fator de perda.Ferroelectric ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate doped with neodymium were sintered using a modified microwave oven. In this process the energy is transferred directly to the material through the interaction between molecules of the material with the electromagnetic field. The microwave sintering process has an advantage to reduce the time and save energy. This type of process involves energy conversion, opposing to heat transfer. Ceramic parts were produced by thermal treatments at 1100 ºC and 1200 ºC up to 30 min. The formed crystalline phases were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Ceramic parts with densities above 95% of the theoretical density were produced in 10 min by heating at 1100 ºC, with heating rate of 400 ºC/min. Values of dielectric constant and loss factor of ceramics with density above 90%T.D. were determined.

Structure-based barcoding of proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Metri, Rahul; Jerath, Gaurav; Kailas, Govind; Gacche, Nitin; Pal, Adityabarna; Ramakrishnan, Vibin

2014-01-01

A reduced representation in the format of a barcode has been developed to provide an overview of the topological nature of a given protein structure from 3D coordinate file. The molecular structure of a protein coordinate file from Protein Data Bank is first expressed in terms of an alpha-numero code and further converted to a barcode image. The barcode representation can be used to compare and contrast different proteins based on their structure. The utility of this method has been exemplified by comparing structural barcodes of proteins that belong to same fold family, and across different folds. In addition to this, we have attempted to provide an illustration to (i) the structural changes often seen in a given protein molecule upon interaction with ligands and (ii) Modifications in overall topology of a given protein during evolution. The program is fully downloadable from the website http://www.iitg.ac.in/probar/. © 2013 The Protein Society.

Regional EM studies in the 80's

Science.gov (United States)

Hjelt, S. E.

1987-09-01

The review describes in broad terms the development of regional EM studies during the last five-six years. Large simultaneous magnetometer arrays, broadband and dense profiling with five component instruments, the use of remote reference techniques and in-field data processing have increased both the number and the quality of EM surveys. The increase has been strong all over the world. An extensive list of references, divided geographically, is presented. Selected examples of regional resisitivity-versus-depth curves are shown for Africa, the Baikal region, the Baltic Shield, the Canadian Shield, the Carpathian regions, the Central Andes, Iceland, India, the Juan de Fuca Plate, the Münsterland Basin, the Rio Grande rift, the Scottish Caledonides, the Tasman Sea, and for the United States in general. Because of the influence of tectonic settings and the metamorphic grade of rocks, only qualitative aspects of the results are relevant. ‘Classical’ array studies, especially in Australia, in the Carpathian regions, in India, in North Germany and in Scotland have been reinterpreted and completed with more accurate 2D modelling and dense MT profiling. In the USA and Canada also new regions have been surveyed extensively. New regional EM work has been conducted extensively on the Baltic Shield and in Central and North Africa, Siberia, China, in the areas around the Caspian and Black Seas and in South America. The newest studies are supported by or compared with other geophysical data, which also are used in extrapolating for missing EM data density. There are several successful large-scale projects in operation: the European Geotraverse (EGT), the KAPG International Geotraverses and the EMSLAB project (with its first preliminary results). Regional EM studies have been increasingly applied to geothermal, hydrocarbon and mineral prospecting as well as local structural studies, e.g. studies of sites for nuclear waste disposal.

Isojacareubin from the Chinese Herb Hypericum japonicumem>: Potent Antibacterial and Synergistic Effects on Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusem> (MRSA

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Gen-Chun Wang

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Through bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts from the aerial parts of the Chinese herb Hypericum japonicumem> Thunb. Murray, Isojacareubin (ISJ was characterized as a potent antibacterial compound against the clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusem> (MRSA. The broth microdilution assay was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs of ISJ alone. The results showed that its MICs/MBCs ranged from 4/16 to 16/64 μg/mL, with the concentrations required to inhibit or kill 50% of the strains (MIC₅₀/MBC₅₀ at 8/16 μg/mL. Synergistic evaluations of this compound with four conventional antibacterial agents representing different types were performed by the chequerboard and time-kill tests. The chequerboard method showed significant synergy effects when ISJ was combined with Ceftazidime (CAZ, Levofloxacin (LEV and Ampicillin (AMP, with the values of 50% of the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI₅₀ at 0.25, 0.37 and 0.37, respectively. Combined bactericidal activities were also observed in the time-kill dynamic assay. The results showed the ability of ISJ to reduce MRSA viable counts by log₁₀CFU/mL at 24 h of incubation at a concentration of 1 × MIC were 1.5 (LEV, additivity, 0.92 (CAZ, indifference and 0.82 (AMP, indifference, respectively. These in vitroem> anti-MRSA activities of ISJ alone and its synergy with conventional antibacterial agents demonstrated that ISJ enhanced their efficacy, which is of potential use for single and combinatory therapy of patients infected with MRSA.

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Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em pacientes em hemodiálise em Goiânia - GO

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Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza Freitas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A presença de excesso de peso, especialmente obesidade visceral, contribui para o maior risco de complicações metabólicas e cardiovasculares em pacientes com doença renal crônica. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em pacientes em hemodiálise (HD. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 344 pacientes maiores de 18 anos. A obesidade abdominal foi definida pela circunferência da cintura > 94 cm nos homens e > 80 cm nas mulheres. As variáveis independentes envolveram aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos, hábitos de vida, tempo em HD, consumo alimentar e índice de massa corporal (IMC. A análise dos fatores associados foi realizada por regressão de Poisson múltipla, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p 25 kg/m². Nos homens, a classe econômica D/E também permaneceu associada à obesidade abdominal, p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se alta prevalência de obesidade abdominal em pacientes em hemodiálise. Idade superior a 40 anos, classes econômicas mais baixas, ingestão proteica inferior ao recomendado e excesso de peso foram associados à obesidade abdominal.

Variabilità microsatellitare in popolazioni italiane di martora, Martes martesem>

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Licia Colli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available La martora, Martes martesem>, è un mustelide storicamente presente su gran parte del territorio italiano, soprattutto dove siano presenti foreste mature altamente strutturate e ricche di risorse. Nel corso dei decenni passati, cause quali la deforestazione con conseguente frammentazione dell'habitat, la caccia e la persecuzione da parte dell'uomo hanno portato ad un sensibile declino sia nel numero d'individui sia di popolazioni in tutta l'Europa. Frammentazione degli areali e diminuzione del numero di soggetti costituiscono le cause principali di un limitato flusso genico con conseguente formazione di popolazioni isolate di martora e perdita di variabilità genetica (Kyle et al.em>, 2003. Per queste ragioni la martora risulta attualmente tutelata secondo quanto previsto dalla Convenzione di Berna (appendice III e dalla Direttiva europea 92/43/CEE "Habitats & Species". Di fronte a prospettive di tipo conservazionistico, diventa necessario disporre di metodologie per la valutazione della variabilità residua nella specie a livello d'individui e di popolazioni. Secondo numerosi Autori, i microsatelliti costituiscono marcatori molto efficaci nella descrizione della struttura genetica e della storia demografica di specie (Beaumont & Bruford, 1999; Linares, 1999. Il presente lavoro propone i risultati ottenuti attraverso il confronto di due campioni costituiti da individui di Martes martesem> provenienti dalla Sardegna (25 esemplari e dal territorio italiano (6 esemplari. L'analisi è stata condotta a livello di 7 loci microsatellitari dinucleotidici polimorfici. Il valore di F_ST calcolato dal confronto dei due gruppi è risultato pari a 0,102 e ricade nel range> di variazione identificato di recente in popolazioni nord-europee di martora (Kyle et al.em>, 2003. L'analisi della varianza molecolare (AMOVA, condotta a due livelli gerarchici, ha permesso in particolare di ripartire la varianza del campione

Retratos em movimento.

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Luiz Carlos Oliveira Junior

Full Text Available resumo O artigo aborda aspectos da relação do cinema com a arte do retrato. Buscamos, em primeiro lugar, uma definição estética do que seria um retrato cinematográfico, sempre em tensão com os critérios formais e padrões estilísticos que historicamente constituíram o retrato pictórico. Em seguida, relacionamos essa questão com a importância que se deu à representação do close-up de rosto nas primeiras décadas do cinema, quando foi atribuído aos filmes um papel inédito no estudo da fisionomia e da expressão facial. Por fim, apresentamos exemplos de autorretratos na pintura e no cinema para expor a forma como a autorrepresentação põe em crise as noções de subjetividade e identidade em que a definição clássica do retrato se apoiava.

Diode rectifier bridge-based structure for DFIG-based wind turbine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhu, Rongwu; Chen, Zhe; Wu, Xiaojie

2015-01-01

This paper proposes a new structure for the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine. The proposed structure consists of a DFIG controlled by a partial rated power converter in the rotor side, a three-phase diode rectifier bridge (DRB) connected to the stator, and a DC/AC full rated...

Anemia em menores de seis anos: estudo de base populacional em Pelotas, RS Anemia in children under six: population-based study in Pelotas, Southern Brazil

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Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção

2007-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de anemia em crianças menores de seis anos, em uma amostra probabilística de área urbana. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo com crianças de zero a cinco anos de idade, na cidade de Pelotas, RS, em 2004. Foram coletadas informações sobre características demográficas, socioeconômicas, antropométricas, de morbidade e sobre alimentação, por meio de questionário aplicado às mães ou responsáveis. As crianças foram pesadas e medidas. A concentração de hemoglobina foi medida com hemoglobinômetro portátil, HemoCue e anemia foi definida como valores de hemoglobina OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of anemia among children under six years of age in a probabilistic sample from an urban area. METHODS: A study was conducted comprising children aged zero to five years in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2004. Data were collected on demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric characteristics, morbidity and nutrition using a questionnaire applied to the mothers and guardians. Children's weight and height measurements were obtained. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using the HemoCue portable hemoglobinometer and anemia was defined as hemoglobin <11 g/dL. The association between anemia and predictors was expressed as prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was carried out using Poisson regression following a conceptual model and taking into account the study design effect. RESULTS: There were identified 534 children and total losses and refusals were 27 (5.1%. The prevalence of anemia was 30.2% (95% CI 23.5%;37.0%. In the multivariate analysis, only age and family income remained significantly associated with anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia was largely socially determined in the population studied. Interventions aiming at reducing anemia should be developed to lessen this condition in the short run targeting disadvantaged populations.

Winter food of the fox Vulpes vulpesem> in the Province of Cuneo (North-Western Italy / Alimentazione invernale della Volpe Vulpes vulpesem> nell'Albese (Provincia di Cuneo

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Paolo Debernardi

1991-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract The diet of the Fox Vulpes vulpesem> was studied by the analysis of 157 gastric contents coming from hilly areas of the Province of Cuneo. Samples were gathered during January-March of the years '86 (N. 41, '87 (N. 72 and '88 (N. 44. The mean percentage of frequency was determined for the following feeding categories: Fruits (26.1%, Other vegetable components (19.7%, Insects (2.5%, Wild birds (11.5%, Insectivores and Rodents (42.7%, Lepus capensisem> (13.4%, Indeterminate Lagomorphs (17.2%, Domestic animals (59.2% and Other (2.5%. The diet is analysed in relation to some available trophic resources (dumps, restoking of hares and of pheasants. Riassunto Vengono presentati i dati dell'analisi di 157 contenuti gastrici di Vulpes vulpesem>, provenienti da aree collinari della provincia di Cuneo; i campioni si riferiscono ai primi tre mesi delle annate '86 (N. 41, '87 (N. 72 e '88 (N. 44. Sono state determinate le frequenze percentuali delle seguenti categorie alimentari: Frutti (26,1%, Altre componenti vegetali (19,7%, Insetti (2,5%, Uccelli selvatici (11,5%, Insettivori e Roditori (42,7%, Lepus capensisem> (13,4%, Lagomorfi indeterminati (17,2%, Animali domestici (59,2% e Altro (2,5%. La dieta viene esaminata in relazione ad alcuni aspetti legati alle disponibilità trofiche del territorio (presenza di discariche, ripopolamenti di selvaggina.

EWET: Data collection and interface for the genetic analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis based on EmsB microsatellite

Science.gov (United States)

Damy, Sylvie; Brillaud, Jonathan; Tissot, Jean-Daniel; Navion, Jérémy; Mélior, Raphael; Afonso, Eve; Hormaz, Vanessa; Gottstein, Bruno; Umhang, Gérald; Casulli, Adriano; Dadeau, Frédéric; Millon, Laurence; Raoul, Francis

2017-01-01

Evolution and dispersion history on Earth of organisms can best be studied through biological markers in molecular epidemiological studies. The biological diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis was investigated in different cladistic approaches. First the morphological aspects were explored in connection with its ecology. More recently, molecular aspects were investigated to better understand the nature of the variations observed among isolates. The study of the tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite EmsB allowed us to attain a high genetic diversity level where other classic markers have failed. Since 2006, EmsB data have been collected on specimens from various endemic foci of the parasite in Europe (in historic and newly endemic areas), Asia (China, Japan and Kyrgyzstan), and North America (Canada and Alaska). Biological data on the isolates and metadata were also recorded (e.g. host, geographical location, EmsB analysis, citation in the literature). In order to make available the data set of 1,166 isolates from classic and aberrant domestic and wild animal hosts (larval lesions and adult worms) and from human origin, an open web access interface, developed in PHP, and connected to a PostgreSQL database, was developed in the EmsB Website for the Echinococcus Typing (EWET) project. It allows researchers to access data collection, perform genetic analyses online (e.g. defining the genetic distance between their own samples and the samples in the database), consult distribution maps of EmsB profiles, and record and share their new EmsB genotyping data. In order to standardize the EmsB analyses performed in the different laboratories throughout the world, a calibrator was developed. The final aim of this project was to gather and arrange available data to permit to better understand the dispersion and transmission patterns of the parasite among definitive and intermediate hosts, in order to organize control strategies on the ground. PMID:28972978

EWET: Data collection and interface for the genetic analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis based on EmsB microsatellite.

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Jenny Knapp

Full Text Available Evolution and dispersion history on Earth of organisms can best be studied through biological markers in molecular epidemiological studies. The biological diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis was investigated in different cladistic approaches. First the morphological aspects were explored in connection with its ecology. More recently, molecular aspects were investigated to better understand the nature of the variations observed among isolates. The study of the tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite EmsB allowed us to attain a high genetic diversity level where other classic markers have failed. Since 2006, EmsB data have been collected on specimens from various endemic foci of the parasite in Europe (in historic and newly endemic areas, Asia (China, Japan and Kyrgyzstan, and North America (Canada and Alaska. Biological data on the isolates and metadata were also recorded (e.g. host, geographical location, EmsB analysis, citation in the literature. In order to make available the data set of 1,166 isolates from classic and aberrant domestic and wild animal hosts (larval lesions and adult worms and from human origin, an open web access interface, developed in PHP, and connected to a PostgreSQL database, was developed in the EmsB Website for the Echinococcus Typing (EWET project. It allows researchers to access data collection, perform genetic analyses online (e.g. defining the genetic distance between their own samples and the samples in the database, consult distribution maps of EmsB profiles, and record and share their new EmsB genotyping data. In order to standardize the EmsB analyses performed in the different laboratories throughout the world, a calibrator was developed. The final aim of this project was to gather and arrange available data to permit to better understand the dispersion and transmission patterns of the parasite among definitive and intermediate hosts, in order to organize control strategies on the ground.

EWET: Data collection and interface for the genetic analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis based on EmsB microsatellite.

Science.gov (United States)

Knapp, Jenny; Damy, Sylvie; Brillaud, Jonathan; Tissot, Jean-Daniel; Navion, Jérémy; Mélior, Raphael; Afonso, Eve; Hormaz, Vanessa; Gottstein, Bruno; Umhang, Gérald; Casulli, Adriano; Dadeau, Frédéric; Millon, Laurence; Raoul, Francis

2017-01-01

Evolution and dispersion history on Earth of organisms can best be studied through biological markers in molecular epidemiological studies. The biological diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis was investigated in different cladistic approaches. First the morphological aspects were explored in connection with its ecology. More recently, molecular aspects were investigated to better understand the nature of the variations observed among isolates. The study of the tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite EmsB allowed us to attain a high genetic diversity level where other classic markers have failed. Since 2006, EmsB data have been collected on specimens from various endemic foci of the parasite in Europe (in historic and newly endemic areas), Asia (China, Japan and Kyrgyzstan), and North America (Canada and Alaska). Biological data on the isolates and metadata were also recorded (e.g. host, geographical location, EmsB analysis, citation in the literature). In order to make available the data set of 1,166 isolates from classic and aberrant domestic and wild animal hosts (larval lesions and adult worms) and from human origin, an open web access interface, developed in PHP, and connected to a PostgreSQL database, was developed in the EmsB Website for the Echinococcus Typing (EWET) project. It allows researchers to access data collection, perform genetic analyses online (e.g. defining the genetic distance between their own samples and the samples in the database), consult distribution maps of EmsB profiles, and record and share their new EmsB genotyping data. In order to standardize the EmsB analyses performed in the different laboratories throughout the world, a calibrator was developed. The final aim of this project was to gather and arrange available data to permit to better understand the dispersion and transmission patterns of the parasite among definitive and intermediate hosts, in order to organize control strategies on the ground.

Correlação entre a resposta do algodoeiro à adubação e a porcentagem de saturação em bases em vários tipos de solos do Estado de São Paulo Correlation between cotton responses to fertilizers and percentage of base saturation in soils

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Milton Geraldo Fuzatto

1966-01-01

Full Text Available É discutido um aspecto da relação entre o efeito da adubação no algodoeiro e a análise química do solo, nas condições do Estado de São Paulo. Correlação entre a resposta à adubação e a porcentagem de saturação em bases no solo, foi verificada no estudo de 126 experimentos, conduzidos em vários tipos de solo. Uma equação polinomial de 2.° grau, descreve a correlação obtida, com um coeficiente R = 0,676xx.In this paper, the correlation between cotton responses to fertilization, and percentage of base saturation in soils, in the State of São Paulo, is discussed. A second degree polynomial, based on data collected from 126 experiments, was found to fit the data satisfactorily, with a correlation coefficient R = 0.676xx. The results indicate the possibility of estimating the effects due to fertilization in cotton crops, by use of the mentioned chemical characteristic of soils.

Broadband asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves based on chiral metamaterial

Science.gov (United States)

Stephen, Lincy; Yogesh, N.; Subramanian, V.

2018-01-01

The giant optical activity of chiral metamaterials (CMMs) holds great potential for tailoring the polarization state of an electromagnetic (EM) wave. In controlling the polarization state, the aspect of asymmetric transmission (AT), where a medium allows the EM radiation to pass through in one direction while restricting it in the opposite direction, adds additional degrees of freedom such as one-way channelling functionality. In this work, a CMM formed by a pair of mutually twisted slanted complementary metal strips is realized for broadband AT accompanied with cross-polarization (CP) conversion for linearly polarized EM waves. Numerically, the proposed ultra-thin (˜λ/42) CMM shows broadband AT from 8.58 GHz to 9.73 GHz (bandwidth of 1.15 GHz) accompanied with CP transmission magnitude greater than 0.9. The transmission and reflection spectra reveal the origin of the asymmetric transmission as the direction sensitive cross polarization conversion and anisotropic electric coupling occurring in the structure which is then elaborated with the surface current analysis and electric field distribution within the structure. An experiment is carried out to verify the broadband AT based CP conversion of the proposed CMM at microwave frequencies, and a reliable agreement between numerical and experimental results is obtained. Being ultra-thin, the reported broadband AT based CP conversion of the proposed CMM is useful for controlling radiation patterns in non-reciprocal EM devices and communication networks.

Design and experimental characterization of an EM pump

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Hee Reyoung; Hong, Sang Hee

1999-01-01

Generally, an EM (electromagnetic) pump is been employed to circulate electrically conducting liquids by using the Lorentz force. Especially, at the liquid metal reactor (LMR), which uses liquid sodium with high electrical conductivity as a coolant, an EM pump is needed due to its advantages over a mechanical pump, such as no rotating parts, no noise, and simplicity. In this research, an EM pump of a pilot annular linear induction type with a flow rate of 200 l/min was designed by using the electrical equivalent-circuit method. The pump was designed and manufactured by considering material and environmental (high temperature and liquid sodium) requirements. The pump performance was experimentally characterized based on input currents, voltage, power, and frequency. Also, the theoretical prediction was compared with the experimental result

Caratterizzazione genetica di alcune popolazioni di cinghiale (Sus scrofaem> dell'Italia meridionale

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M.F. Caliendo

2003-10-01

Full Text Available In Italia il Cinghiale ha subito varie oscillazioni numeriche per immissioni d?esemplari provenienti soprattutto dall'est europeo o da paesi vicini (Massei & Toso, 1993 e incrocio con esemplari di maiale domestico, allevato allo stato brado o semi brado in molte zone d'Italia (Apollonio et al.em>, 1988. Questi fattori sono stati responsabili anche di un impoverimento genetico della forma autoctona italiana Sus scrofa meridionalisem> e majori> che sembrano persistere solo in Sardegna e Maremma (Apollonio et al.em>, 1988. Tra le riserve in cui si ritiene possano trovarsi popolazioni ancora integre, figura la tenuta presidenziale di Castelporziano (Roma. Prendendo spunto da questo lavoro, con il nostro contributo riportiamo i risultati, a livello genetico, della ibridazione con il maiale da parte di cinghiali della Campania, basato sul DNA microsatellite di 4 loci polimorfi. Sono state studiate 9 popolazioni (allevate e libere, usando per riferimenti maiali allo stato brado e cinghiali di Castelporziano. Dall?analisi delle frequenze alleliche è stato eseguito il test di assignmentem> (implementato in una sub routine del software Arlequin 2.0 che individua la possibile origine di un individuo, rispetto ad una rosa di probabili popolazioni di riferimento (Paetkau et al.em>, 1998. Con i risultati del test di assignment si è costruito il grafico log-log genotypeem>, rappresentato da un piano individuato dalle due variabili di riferimento (cinghiale e maiale brado. Le popolazioni esaminate evidenziano una generalizzata distribuzione a cavallo tra i due riferimenti con individui geneticamente simili al cinghiale ed altri al maiale. Questa ripartizione simmetrica è molto evidente nel caso dei cinghiali catturati a Punta Licosa e in quelli dell?allevamento di Polla. La distribuzione dei genotipi sul piano è spesso dispersa, ad eccezione dei cinghiali della Valle del Vento e quelli di Monteverde (individui

Analytical method for analysis of electromagnetic scattering from inhomogeneous spherical structures using duality principles

Science.gov (United States)

Kiani, M.; Abdolali, A.; Safari, M.

2018-03-01

In this article, an analytical approach is presented for the analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from radially inhomogeneous spherical structures (RISSs) based on the duality principle. According to the spherical symmetry, similar angular dependencies in all the regions are considered using spherical harmonics. To extract the radial dependency, the system of differential equations of wave propagation toward the inhomogeneity direction is equated with the dual planar ones. A general duality between electromagnetic fields and parameters and scattering parameters of the two structures is introduced. The validity of the proposed approach is verified through a comprehensive example. The presented approach substitutes a complicated problem in spherical coordinate to an easy, well posed, and previously solved problem in planar geometry. This approach is valid for all continuously varying inhomogeneity profiles. One of the major advantages of the proposed method is the capability of studying two general and applicable types of RISSs. As an interesting application, a class of lens antenna based on the physical concept of the gradient refractive index material is introduced. The approach is used to analyze the EM scattering from the structure and validate strong performance of the lens.

Escabiose em recém-nascido

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Izilda das Eiras Tâmega

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A escabiose consiste em uma doença contagiosa causada pelo ácaro Sarcoptes scabie, parasita exclusivo da pele humana, transmitida pelo contato direto com pessoa infectada. Pode ocorrer em qualquer faixa etária, independente do sexo, etnia ou hábitos de higiene, sendo diagnosticada com base na história de coceira noturna, associada a lesões cutâneas. Em geral, há mais de um caso na mesma residência. Apresenta diversos diagnósticos diferenciais por ser essencialmente uma dermatite. Objetivo: Alertar para possibilidade de escabiose na comunidade. Metodologia: As informações contidas nesse relato foram obtidas por meio de consultas médicas, registros fotográficos, evolução, hipóteses diagnósticas e revisão de literatura. Relato de Caso: E.T.L.T, sexo feminino. Aos 21 dias de vida, mãe relata vermelhidão nas costas da paciente e ao exame físico observa-se eritema máculo papular na região de transição parieto-occipital do crânio. A conduta baseia-se em orientação quanto à lavagem de roupa de cama com sabão de coco, remoção de xampu e talco e observação do rash cutâneo. Treze dias depois, mãe refere piora das manchas vermelhas e aparecimento de lesões em tórax anterior e posterior, pescoço e face. Relata ainda, ter cachorro em casa e lesões semelhantes em seu próprio tórax e mamas antes mesmo de a criança nascer. A orientação foi mantida, além de ser receitado enxofre precipitado a 10% para a mãe e a 5% para a criança. Após cinco dias de tratamento, as manchas regrediram e a paciente voltou a ser amamentada. Conclusão: A escabiose continua a ser uma dermatose frequente, cujo tratamento em idade pediátrica se restringe aos “steps” para o diagnóstico correto, desinfecção dos fômites e uso de um bom escabicida, tanto para a criança quanto para seus cuidadores.

Pré-resfriamento em água de lichia 'B3' mantida em armazenamento refrigerado

OpenAIRE

del Aguila,Juan Saavedra; Hofman,Peter; Campbell,Terrence; Marques,José Roberto; Heiffig-del Aguila,Lília Sichmann; Kluge,Ricardo Alfredo

2009-01-01

Este experimento visou a estudar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e tempos de pré-resfriamento em água sobre a qualidade de lichias 'B3', após a frigoconservação. Os tratamentos foram: T1 = controle (sem pré-resfriamento); T2 = imersão por cinco minutos em água a 2,5°C; T3 = imersão por 10 minutos em água a 2,5°C; T4 = imersão por 20 minutos em água a 2,5°C; T5 = imersão por sete minutos em água a 6°C; T6 = imersão por 20 minutos em água a 8°C e T7 = imersão por 10 minu...

Calcificação nos núcleos da base na tomografia computadorizada: correlação clínica em 25 pacientes consecutivos Basal ganglia calcification on computed tomography: clinical characteristics in 25 patients

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Glória Maria A.S. Tedrus

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Analisamos os aspectos clínicos de 25 pacientes consecutivos que apresentaram calcificação nos núcleos da base na tomografia computadorizada (TC de crânio. Esta ocorreu em 0,68% de todos os exames realizados no período. Vinte e três pacientes apresentavam condições clínicas diversas, a saber: cefaléia em 7 casos, acidente vascular cerebral em 5, síndrome extrapiramidal em 2, processo expansivo cerebral em 2, epilepsia, retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, demência e trauma de crânio em um caso cada ou outras condições neurológicas em 3. Não havia sintomas neurológicos em 2 casos. Em 15 pacientes (60,0% havia, além da calcificação dos núcleos da base, outras alterações na TC. Correlação clínica foi observada apenas com as outras alterações da TC e não com a calcificação dos núcleos da base, corroborando a hipótese de que esta possa ser um achado incidental.Twenty-five patients presenting basal ganglia calcification were assessed. This finding comprised 0.68% of all skull CT scan carried out during the period. Two patients were neurologically asymptomatic and 23 presented a variety neurological disorders - headache (7 patients, stroke (5 patients, extrapyramidal syndromes (2 patients, tumor (2 patients, epilepsy (1 patient, mental retardation (1 patient, dementia (1 patient, cranial trauma (1 patient, other neurological conditions (3 patients - or were asymptomatic from the neurological point of view (2 patients. Findings in the CT scan other than the basal ganglia calcification were observed in 15 (60% patients. There was a clinical-CT scan correlation in these cases but not in those in which the basal ganglia calcification was an isolated finding. This study highlights the fact that basal ganglia calcification is often a nonspecific finding on CT scan and that it may not be possible to establish a clinical-pathological correlation between them.

O uso da teoria da visão baseada em recursos em propriedades rurais: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

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Daniela Moreira de Carvalho

2014-09-01

Full Text Available A teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR tem se destacado como uma das mais importantes correntes teóricas da estratégia. O uso da teoria dos recursos mostra-se promissor para a análise das propriedades rurais, permitindo avançar no conhecimento do potencial a ser explorado em torno dos recursos internos. No presente estudo, contribui-se com um levantamento da literatura sobre os principais recursos e/ou fatores-chave determinantes para o desempenho de propriedades rurais por meio da análise de trabalhos que utilizaram a teoria da VBR como base teórica. Com esse levantamento, pretende-se verificar quais recursos foram considerados estratégicos pela literatura da área. A metodologia utilizada foi de revisão sistemática. Os resultados indicaram que o uso da teoria em estudos de empreendimentos agropecuários ainda é incipiente. Foram levantados 14 artigos em fazendas em geral e, dentre esses, três estudos em fazendas produtoras de leite que mostram resultados consistentes quanto ao impacto dos recursos sobre o desempenho. Recursos humanos e organizacionais foram os mais citados como estratégicos e fundamentais para o desempenho. Os recursos físicos foram citados mais vezes em artigos que analisaram o meio rural se comparado à literatura geral do uso da VBR, talvez pela maior dependência de aspectos naturais no desempenho das fazendas em relação aos outros setores da economia. Contudo, devido ao pequeno número de trabalhos encontrados e à diversidade de abordagens em torno da teoria, não é possível realizar inferências, somente concluir que existe um gap de conhecimento nessa área que deve ser suprido por meio de novas e amplas pesquisas.

Estimativa do intervalo pós-morte em um canino (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus 1758 pela entomologia forense em Cabedelo-PB, Brasil: relato de caso

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G. Martins

2013-08-01

Full Text Available O intervalo pós-morte (IPM é um instrumento importante de diagnóstico relacionado à prática forense. O uso de insetos tem sido relatado como um modo eficiente para estimá-lo, quando o cadáver encontra-se em estágio avançado de decomposição. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar o IPM com base em evidências entomológicas em um canino. Foram coletadas larvas de moscas no cadáver e encaminhadas ao laboratório de entomologia, onde foram criadas e eclodiram adultos da espécie Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819. Somando-se os dados abióticos de temperatura e umidade relativa do local de coleta e do local de criação, estimou-se um IPM mínimo de 3,34 dias do momento da postura dos ovos pelas moscas até a coleta das larvas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a entomologia forense, como ferramenta para estimativa do IPM, mostrou-se eficaz e determinante na elucidação do caso em questão.

Antioxidative Characteristics of Anisomeles indicaem> Extract and Inhibitory Effect of Ovatodiolide on Melanogenesis

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Li-Ling Chang

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study was to investigate the antioxidant characteristics of Anisomeles indicaem> methanol extract and the inhibitory effect of ovatodiolide on melanogenesis. In the study, the antioxidant capacities of A. indicaem> methanol extract such as DPPH assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, reducing capacity and metal ion chelating capacity as well as total phenolic content of the extract were investigated. In addition, the inhibitory effects of ovatodiolide on mushroom tyrosinase, B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase and melanin content were determined spectrophotometrically. Our results revealed that the antioxidant capacities of A. indicaem> methanol extract increased in a dose-dependent pattern. The purified ovatodiolide inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ = 0.253 mM, the compound also effectively suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ = 0.469 mM and decreased the amount of melanin (IC₅₀ = 0.435 mM in a dose-dependent manner in B16F10 cells. Our results concluded that A. indicaem> methanol extract displays antioxidant capacities and ovatodiolide purified from the extract inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Hence, A. indicaem> methanol extract and ovatodiolide could be applied as a type of dermatological whitening agent in skin care products.

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Racionalidade limitada e a tomada de decisão em sistemas complexos

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TATIANA MASSAROLI MELO

2016-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar o modelo comportamental de racionalidade limitada proposto por Herbert Simon para analisar o processo de tomada de decisão dos agentes em sistemas complexos, marcados pela não ergodicidade e pelo desenvolvimento de trajetórias em aberto. O artigo apresenta a noção de escolha logicamente consistente em contraponto à análise axiomática proposta pela teoria neoclássica. Propõe o uso de modelos de simulação em computador do tipo agent-based modeling (ABM como um instrumental adequado à análise de sistemas complexos.

Electromagnetic structure of a bound nucleon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nogami, Y.

1977-01-01

The effect of binding on the electromagnetic (e.m.) structure of a nucleon in a nucleus is examined by means of a model consisting of a single nucleon which is bound in a harmonic oscillator potential and also coupled to the pion field through the Chew-Low interaction. The 'two-pion contribution' to the e.m. structure is considered. This is the part which is probably most susceptible to the binding effect. By the binding effect it is meant the one which arises because the nucleon wave functions, in the intermediate state as well as in the initial and final states, are distorted by the potential in which the nucleon is bound. This may be compared to a similar correction to the impulse approximation for pion-nucleus scattering. Unlike the latter which is likely to be quite appreciable, the binding correction to the e.m. structure of the nucleon is found to be negligibly small. The so-called quenching effect due to the Pauli principle when there are other nucleons is also discussed [pt

Bruxismo do sono: possibilidades terapêuticas baseadas em evidências Sleep bruxism: therapeutic possibilities based in evidences

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Eduardo Machado

2011-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: o bruxismo do sono (BS é uma desordem de movimentos estereotipados e periódicos, associados ao ranger e/ou apertar de dentes durante o sono, decorrentes da contração rítmica dos músculos mastigatórios. Essa condição não é uma doença, porém quando exacerbada pode ocasionar desequilíbrio e alteração das estruturas orofaciais. Dessa forma, surge a necessidade de se obter terapêuticas efetivas e seguras para o controle e o manejo do paciente bruxômano. As alternativas de tratamento variam desde terapêuticas orodentais e farmacológicas até técnicas comportamentais-cognitivas. OBJETIVOS: através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo como bases de pesquisa a Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO, no período compreendido entre 1990 e 2008, e com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados e quasi-randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e discutir métodos de tratamento para o BS. RESULTADOS: pela análise da literatura verifica-se que existe uma grande quantidade de opções terapêuticas para o BS, porém muitas das terapias não têm suporte científico que as sustente. Assim, a escolha terapêutica deve ser pautada em evidências científicas e no bom senso clínico, objetivando uma melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente bruxômano.INTRODUCTION: Sleep bruxism (SB is defined as a stereotyped and periodic movement disorder, characterized by tooth grinding and/or clenching occurring during sleep, associated with rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. This condition isn't a disease, but when exacerbated may cause an unbalance and changing of orofacial structures. Thus, it is necessary to obtain effective and safe treatments for the control and management of the bruxist patient. The treatment alternatives ranges from oral devices to pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral techniques. OBJECTIVES: This study, through a systematic literature

Internal consistency and factor structure of the Portuguese version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale among alcoholic patients Consistência interna e estrutura fatorial da versão em português da Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz entre pacientes alcoolistas

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Mauro B Terra

2006-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale is an instrument used to evaluate the severity of social phobia. It has been widely used in different contexts and cultures, presenting variable psychometric properties. The objective of this article is to investigate the internal consistency and the factor structure of this scale. METHOD: In a sample of 300 alcoholic patients hospitalized in 3 mental clinics in Southern Brazil, 74 of them were social phobics (24.6%. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis I Disorders - Patient Edition, a semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV, was used to check for the diagnosis of social phobia. The internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were subjected to a factor analysis with the principal component method of parameter estimation. Questionnaire items loading at 0.35 or above were considered in the final factor solution. RESULTS: The coefficient of internal consistency was 0.95. All items showed corrected item-total correlation coefficient above 0.15, considered the minimum requested index. The factor analysis resulted in 5 dimensions which corresponded to 52.9% of the total variance. The five factors extracted were: factor I - speaking in a group, factor II - activity in public, factor III - social interaction with unknown person, factor IV - attitude of disagreement or disapproval and factor V - social interaction in leisure activity. CONCLUSIONS: The scale proved to be reliable and structurally valid instrument for use in a population of alcoholic patients. The possibility of screening for social phobia through the use of the instrument may be helpful in identifying probable cases of the disorder among alcoholics.OBJETIVO: A Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz é um instrumento utilizado na avaliação da gravidade da fobia social. Tem sido amplamente usada em diferentes contextos e culturas, apresentando propriedades psicométricas variadas. O objetivo do artigo �

Locas al Rescate: The Transnational Hauntings of Queer Cubanidad>

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Lázaro Lima

2011-12-01

Full Text Available
“Locas al Rescate: The Transnational Hauntings of Queer Cubanidad>” (originally published in Cuba Transnationalem> offers a significant contribution both to transnational American Studies and to gender studies. In telling the insider story of the alternative identity formation, practices, and forms of “rescue” initiated by the affective activism of the Cuban American society in drag in 1990s Miami/South Beach, Lima resuscitates the liberatory gestures of a subculture defined by its pursuit of its own acceptance, value, and freedom. With their aesthetic and political life on a raft, the gay micro-communities inside Cuban America asserted their own islandic space, Lima observes, performing “takeovers” in and of parks and bars and beaches—creating a post-Habermasian sphere of public activism focused on private parts, saving themselves from AIDS, from the disaffection and disaffiliation of the right-wing Cuban immigrant community, and from the failure of their own yearning to belong, to be wanted, to be embodied as the figure of their compelling Cubanidad>. Against the hegemony of the invented collective politics of the sacrificing immigrants whose recognition of the queer side of being (of a being constituted by identity loss is yet to come, Lima suggests a spectral return—a personal and transnational reckoning of those whose lives the dream of freedom drowned.

Distribution and biometry of the wild boar (Sus scrofaem> in the Como and Varese Provinces

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Adriano Martinoli

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract The following study contains and analyses data about the wild boar (Sus scrofaem> hunted in the Como and Varese provinces from October 1993 to January 1994. These populations have been formed from individuals which have been illegally introduced continuously since 1978 in the Varese province and since the mid 80s in the Como province. Some of them have also come from the neighbouring Switzerland. Biometric analyses were carried out on 189 specimens, and were divided into age and sex classes. We considered 8 measurements for some external morphological characteristics and 28 for the skull structure. For each specimen the age class was evaluated by tooth growth analysis. The possible presence of fetuses in every female was also checked. The data collected by the Veterinary Service (U.S.S.L. enabled us to identify the main diseases of the studied populations. Frequent cases of tuberculosis were observed.

Consumo de nutrientes em adultos e idosos em estudo de base populacional: Projeto Bambuí

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Aline Cristine Souza Lopes

Full Text Available Inquérito alimentar populacional em amostra aleatória de 550 indivíduos > ou = 18 anos, realizado em Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando o Questionário Semiquantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar e recordatório 24 horas calibrados pela técnica de regressão linear. A análise constou de comparação de médias, teste de qui-quadrado e razão de adequação do nutriente (RAN-adequada: 90,0-110,0%. Foi baixo o percentual da população que apresentou RAN de acordo com o recomendado para consumo de carboidratos (2,4%, proteínas (17,6%, vitaminas (0,0-5,1% e minerais (0-21,1%. Diferenças de acordo com sexo e idade foram encontradas: 90,2% e 91,8% de mulheres apresentaram baixo consumo de ferro e vitamina B6, respectivamente. Ao contrário, 87,7% dos homens relataram consumo excessivo de ferro, 80,3% de fósforo e 11,9% de colesterol. Quanto à idade, 64,3% de idosos (> 60 anos relataram baixa ingestão protéica e 39,3% apresentavam inadequação das frações lipídicas; sendo que 35,7% informaram consumo excessivo de ácidos graxos saturados. Dos adultos (18-59 anos, 67,8% relataram excessivo consumo protéico e 53,4% ingestão insuficiente de ferro. Alto e inadequado consumo de lipídios e baixa ingestão de fibras, vitaminas e minerais, constituem problema importante de saúde pública por possivelmente contribuir para o aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

Agricultura orgânica em áreas urbanas e periurbanas com base na agroecologia Challenges of organic agriculture in urban and suburban areas

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Adriana Maria de Aquino

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A agricultura orgânica com base na agroecologia é o mote tecnológico adequado à realidade dos agroecossistemas urbanos. Este artigo ressalta a necessidade de se desenvolver tecnologias e insumos específicos. A partir de experiências com agricultura urbana em diferentes países em desenvolvimento, evidencia-se a necessidade de se buscar capacidades locais e apoio do poder público, especialmente nas iniciativas da sociedade organizada e mobilizada para a produção agrícola urbana.This article presents organic agriculture, based on agroecology, as the appropriate technology for the urban agro-ecosystem. It also points out the need for appropriate technologies and amendments development. Looking at experiences with urban agriculture in development countries, it shows the need for local capacity development and a search for the public sector support, specially of organized groups mobilized for urban agriculture production.

High-speed computation of the EM algorithm for PET image reconstruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rajan, K.; Patnaik, L.M.; Ramakrishna, J.

1994-01-01

The PET image reconstruction based on the EM algorithm has several attractive advantages over the conventional convolution backprojection algorithms. However, two major drawbacks have impeded the routine use of the EM algorithm, namely, the long computational time due to slow convergence and the large memory required for the storage of the image, projection data and the probability matrix. In this study, the authors attempts to solve these two problems by parallelizing the EM algorithm on a multiprocessor system. The authors have implemented an extended hypercube (EH) architecture for the high-speed computation of the EM algorithm using the commercially available fast floating point digital signal processor (DSP) chips as the processing elements (PEs). The authors discuss and compare the performance of the EM algorithm on a 386/387 machine, CD 4360 mainframe, and on the EH system. The results show that the computational speed performance of an EH using DSP chips as PEs executing the EM image reconstruction algorithm is about 130 times better than that of the CD 4360 mainframe. The EH topology is expandable with more number of PEs

Relações alométricas para estimativa da fitomassa aérea em pupunheira Peach palm biomass estimates based on allometric relationships

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Fernando Vinicio A. Vega

2004-03-01

Full Text Available A estimativa da fitomassa aérea da pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth por meio de relações alométricas tem aplicação teórica e prática, sendo essencial em estudos de fisiologia de crescimento, bem como para identificar respostas e predizer a produção. No presente trabalho foram avaliadas diferentes equações buscando o melhor ajuste alométrico representativo da fitomassa da pupunheira cultivada para a produção de palmito. Foram utilizadas palmeiras inermes, da raça Putumayo, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, cultivadas em Ubatuba (SP no espaçamento de 2 x 1 m. Selecionaram-se 117 plantas, com alturas entre 0,22 e 5,04 m e diâmetros entre 2,23 e 27,06 cm. Medidas diretas, relacionadas ao crescimento, foram realizadas antes do corte. Em seguida as plantas foram separadas em diferentes partes estruturais, sendo medidas, pesadas e secas, obtendo-se a massa da matéria seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão e ajuste de equações, tendo como variáveis independentes os caracteres facilmente mensuráveis e não destrutivos. A fitomassa da pupunheira pode ser estimada de forma precisa a partir de equações simples, valendo-se de relações alométricas. A altura da haste principal, medida do solo até a inserção da folha +1, foi o caráter preditório indireto ideal para estimar a fitomassa de pupunheiras em cultivo comercial. Identificou-se também que, do estádio de implantação ao início de colheita de palmito, a contribuição dos perfilhos para a fitomassa aérea total é pequena e pode ser desprezada.Biomass estimates based on allometric relationships have theoretical and practical application. These data are useful tools in growth analysis experiments and yield prediction. Several equations were studied to define the best allometric fit to peach palm grown for heart-of-palm purpose. Spineless peach palms (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, from Putumayo landrace, were utilized. The experiment, in a 2 x 1

Quality assessment of protein model-structures based on structural and functional similarities.

Science.gov (United States)

Konopka, Bogumil M; Nebel, Jean-Christophe; Kotulska, Malgorzata

2012-09-21

Experimental determination of protein 3D structures is expensive, time consuming and sometimes impossible. A gap between number of protein structures deposited in the World Wide Protein Data Bank and the number of sequenced proteins constantly broadens. Computational modeling is deemed to be one of the ways to deal with the problem. Although protein 3D structure prediction is a difficult task, many tools are available. These tools can model it from a sequence or partial structural information, e.g. contact maps. Consequently, biologists have the ability to generate automatically a putative 3D structure model of any protein. However, the main issue becomes evaluation of the model quality, which is one of the most important challenges of structural biology. GOBA--Gene Ontology-Based Assessment is a novel Protein Model Quality Assessment Program. It estimates the compatibility between a model-structure and its expected function. GOBA is based on the assumption that a high quality model is expected to be structurally similar to proteins functionally similar to the prediction target. Whereas DALI is used to measure structure similarity, protein functional similarity is quantified using standardized and hierarchical description of proteins provided by Gene Ontology combined with Wang's algorithm for calculating semantic similarity. Two approaches are proposed to express the quality of protein model-structures. One is a single model quality assessment method, the other is its modification, which provides a relative measure of model quality. Exhaustive evaluation is performed on data sets of model-structures submitted to the CASP8 and CASP9 contests. The validation shows that the method is able to discriminate between good and bad model-structures. The best of tested GOBA scores achieved 0.74 and 0.8 as a mean Pearson correlation to the observed quality of models in our CASP8 and CASP9-based validation sets. GOBA also obtained the best result for two targets of CASP8, and

Quantitative 3D Imaging by Cryo-EM (Shapes, membranes, and mapping of subcellular structures in whole bacteria)

OpenAIRE

Comolli, Luis R.; Downing, Kenneth H.; Fero, Michael J.; McAdams, Harley

2006-01-01

The shape of the bacteria cell wall during division and the deformation at the division plane are a function of the material properties of the cell wall, the growth rate, and the force due to the FtsZ ring. We have obtained 23 cryo-EM tomographic reconstructions through a time course following the cell division process in Caulobacter crescentus. We have also acquired over 300 images of the process by high resolution cryo-EM. The cell membranes have been segmented by an in-house developed util...

SD118-Xanthocillin X (1, a Novel Marine Agent Extracted from Penicillium> communeem>, Induces Autophagy through the Inhibition of the MEK/ERK Pathway

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Caiguo Huang

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A compound named SD118-xanthocillin X (1 (C₁₈H₁₂N₂O₂, isolated from Penicillium> commune> in a deep-sea sediment sample, has been shown to inhibit the growth of several cancer cell lines in vitroem>. In the present study, we employed a growth inhibition assay and apoptotic analysis to identify the biological effect and detailed mechanism of SD118-xanthocillin X (1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells. SD118-xanthocillin X (1 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of HepG2 cells and caused slight cellular apoptosis and significantly induced autophagy. Autophagy was detected as early as 12 h by the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I to LC3-II, following cleavage and lipid addition to LC3-I. The pharmacological autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine largely attenuates the growth inhibition and autophagic effect of SD118-xanthocillin X (1 in HepG2 cells. Our data also indicated that the autophagic effect of SD118-xanthocillin X (1 occurs via the down-regulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and the up-regulated class III PI3K/Beclin 1 signaling pathway.

Sorteio de domicílios em favelas em inquéritos por amostragem

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Maria Cecilia Goi Porto Alves

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar vantagens e desvantagens do uso de segmentos em relação ao sorteio feito a partir da lista completa de endereços, para o sorteio de domicílios em amostragem por conglomerados em múltiplos estágios em favelas. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo realizado em quatro favelas sorteadas no Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo, SP, 2008, nas quais foram aplicadas as duas técnicas. Foram realizados grupos focais com pesquisadores de campo - "arroladores" e entrevistadores do inquérito. Os conteúdos das conversações foram analisados, agrupados em categorias e organizados em núcleos temáticos. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: A utilização de segmentos de domicílios foi associada a numerosas vantagens e poucas desvantagens. Entre as vantagens, constaram a rapidez e facilidade na elaboração do cadastro de endereços e na localização e identificação de domicílios na etapa de realização das entrevistas, maior segurança dos entrevistadores e da população, maior acesso aos entrevistados, maior estabilidade e maior cobertura do cadastro produzido, e menor ocorrência de erros na identificação dos domicílios sorteados. CONCLUSÕES: A construção de cadastro de domicílios por meio da criação de segmentos é vantajosa em relação à listagem completa de endereços, quando feita em favelas. Por ter se mostrado uma opção econômica e fácil de ser aplicada, constitui alternativa para a simplificação do processo de amostragem em áreas com as suas características de desorganização e adensamento de domicílios.

Human Skin Barrier Structure and Function Analyzed by Cryo-EM and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundborg, Magnus; Narangifard, Ali; Wennberg, Christian L; Lindahl, Erik; Daneholt, Bertil; Norlén, Lars

2018-04-24

In the present study we have analyzed the molecular structure and function of the human skin's permeability barrier using molecular dynamics simulation validated against cryo-electron microscopy data from near native skin. The skin's barrier capacity is located to an intercellular lipid structure embedding the cells of the superficial most layer of skin - the stratum corneum. According to the splayed bilayer model (Iwai et al., 2012) the lipid structure is organized as stacked bilayers of ceramides in a splayed chain conformation with cholesterol associated with the ceramide sphingoid moiety and free fatty acids associated with the ceramide fatty acid moiety. However, knowledge about the lipid structure's detailed molecular organization, and the roles of its different lipid constituents, remains circumstantial. Starting from a molecular dynamics model based on the splayed bilayer model, we have, by stepwise structural and compositional modifications, arrived at a thermodynamically stable molecular dynamics model expressing simulated electron microscopy patterns matching original cryo-electron microscopy patterns from skin extremely closely. Strikingly, the closer the individual molecular dynamics models' lipid composition was to that reported in human stratum corneum, the better was the match between the models' simulated electron microscopy patterns and the original cryo-electron microscopy patterns. Moreover, the closest-matching model's calculated water permeability and thermotropic behaviour were found compatible with that of human skin. The new model may facilitate more advanced physics-based skin permeability predictions of drugs and toxicants. The proposed procedure for molecular dynamics based analysis of cellular cryo-electron microscopy data might be applied to other biomolecular systems. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

TEORIA DA ARGUMENTAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA E ESTRATÉGIA DISCURSIVA EM BLOGS

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André Luiz Silva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Com base na Teoria da Argumentação (DUCROT, 1987, este artigo analisa a presença/ausência do posto, pressuposto e subentendido no Blogs do Alémem>, de Vitor Knijnik. A ideia é perceber o modo como o autor joga com os enunciados e, dessa maneira, constrói sua estratégia discursiva. Metodologicamente, analisou-se três textos – (i Blog do Charles Millerem>, (ii Blog do Gagarinem> e (iii Blog do Orwellem> – tentando não só enquadrar os enunciados segundo as noções de posto, pressuposto e subentendido, mas também compreender de que maneira Knijnik usa tais artifícios para construir seu discurso. Ao utilizar-se do pressuposto, o autor coloca o leitor em uma posição de cúmplice, isto é, ele deve reconhecer e aceitar o enunciado, pois este está no âmbito do “nós”. Doutro modo, usando o subentendido, ele transfere para seu interlocutor a responsabilidade de interpretar o enunciado – âmbito do “tu”.

Anti-Tumour Promoting Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Girinimbine Isolated from the Stem Bark of Murraya koenigii em>S.

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Yih Yih Kok

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Girinimbine, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the stem bark of Murraya koenigii em>was tested for the in vitroem> anti-tumour promoting and antioxidant activities. Anti-tumour promoting activity was determined by assaying the capability of this compound to inhibit the expression of early antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EA-EBV in Raji cells that was induced by the tumour promoter, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The concentration of this compound that gave an inhibition rate at fifty percent was 6.0 µg/mL and was not cytotoxic to the cells. Immunoblotting analysis of the expression of EA-EBV showed that girinimbine was able to suppress restricted early antigen (EA-R. However, diffused early antigen (EA-D was partially suppressed when used at 32.0 µg/mL. Girinimbine exhibited a very strong antioxidant activity as compared to a-tocopherol and was able to inhibit superoxide generation in the 12-O>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA-induced differentiated premyelocytic HL-60 cells more than 95%, when treated with the compound at 5.3 and 26.3 µg/mL, respectively. However girinimbine failed to scavenge the stable diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH-free radical.

Structure of Salmonella typhimuriumem> OMP Synthase in a Complete Substrate Complex

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grubmeyer, Charles; Hansen, Michael Riis; Fedorov, Alexander A.

2012-01-01

Dimeric Salmonella typhimurium orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OMP synthase, EC 2.4.2.10), a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, has been cocrystallized in a complete substrate EÂ·MgPRPPÂ·orotate complex and the structure determined to 2.2 Ã… resolution. This structure resem...

The structure of the actin-smooth muscle myosin motor domain complex in the rigor state.

Science.gov (United States)

Banerjee, Chaity; Hu, Zhongjun; Huang, Zhong; Warrington, J Anthony; Taylor, Dianne W; Trybus, Kathleen M; Lowey, Susan; Taylor, Kenneth A

2017-12-01

Myosin-based motility utilizes catalysis of ATP to drive the relative sliding of F-actin and myosin. The earliest detailed model based on cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and X-ray crystallography postulated that higher actin affinity and lever arm movement were coupled to closure of a feature of the myosin head dubbed the actin-binding cleft. Several studies since then using crystallography of myosin-V and cryoEM structures of F-actin bound myosin-I, -II and -V have provided details of this model. The smooth muscle myosin II interaction with F-actin may differ from those for striated and non-muscle myosin II due in part to different lengths of important surface loops. Here we report a ∼6 Å resolution reconstruction of F-actin decorated with the nucleotide-free recombinant smooth muscle myosin-II motor domain (MD) from images recorded using a direct electron detector. Resolution is highest for F-actin and the actin-myosin interface (3.5-4 Å) and lowest (∼6-7 Å) for those parts of the MD at the highest radius. Atomic models built into the F-actin density are quite comparable to those previously reported for rabbit muscle actin and show density from the bound ADP. The atomic model of the MD, is quite similar to a recently published structure of vertebrate non-muscle myosin II bound to F-actin and a crystal structure of nucleotide free myosin-V. Larger differences are observed when compared to the cryoEM structure of F-actin decorated with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin subfragment 1. The differences suggest less closure of the 50 kDa domain in the actin bound skeletal muscle myosin structure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Beam-induced motion correction for sub-megadalton cryo-EM particles.

Science.gov (United States)

Scheres, Sjors Hw

2014-08-13

In electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM), the electron beam that is used for imaging also causes the sample to move. This motion blurs the images and limits the resolution attainable by single-particle analysis. In a previous Research article (Bai et al., 2013) we showed that correcting for this motion by processing movies from fast direct-electron detectors allowed structure determination to near-atomic resolution from 35,000 ribosome particles. In this Research advance article, we show that an improved movie processing algorithm is applicable to a much wider range of specimens. The new algorithm estimates straight movement tracks by considering multiple particles that are close to each other in the field of view, and models the fall-off of high-resolution information content by radiation damage in a dose-dependent manner. Application of the new algorithm to four data sets illustrates its potential for significantly improving cryo-EM structures, even for particles that are smaller than 200 kDa. Copyright © 2014, Scheres.

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Integrated Reliability-Based Optimal Design of Structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, John Dalsgaard; Thoft-Christensen, Palle

1987-01-01

In conventional optimal design of structural systems the weight or the initial cost of the structure is usually used as objective function. Further, the constraints require that the stresses and/or strains at some critical points have to be less than some given values. Finally, all variables......-based optimal design is discussed. Next, an optimal inspection and repair strategy for existing structural systems is presented. An optimization problem is formulated , where the objective is to minimize the expected total future cost of inspection and repair subject to the constraint that the reliability...... value. The reliability can be measured from an element and/or a systems point of view. A number of methods to solve reliability-based optimization problems has been suggested, see e.g. Frangopol [I]. Murotsu et al. (2], Thoft-Christensen & Sørensen (3] and Sørensen (4). For structures where...

Análise da produção em auditoria e saúde pública a partir da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde

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Fábio Solon Tajra

Full Text Available Trata-se de revisão da literatura de base a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada na plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com o objetivo de caracterizar as pesquisas produzidas sobre auditoria no SUS. O levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu as publicações nacionais em auditoria de 2000 a 2010, sendo identificados quatorze documentos para compor a amostra do estudo. Os achados das pesquisas foram classificados de acordo com o tema investigado e os aspectos metodológicos categorizados. Os resultados ressaltam a insuficiência de estudos voltados para essa temática e a necessidade de divulgação dos relatos como fator de consolidação do processo de trabalho em saúde pública.

Cartografia de Saberes na Pesquisa em Turismo: Proposições Metodológicas para uma Ciência em Mutação

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Maria Luiza Cardinale Baptista

2014-10-01

Full Text Available O presente texto apresenta a proposição da ‘cartografia de saberes’ como orientação da estratégia metodológica para o planejamento da pesquisa em Turismo. Trata-se de abordagem transdisciplinar, alinhada aos pressupostos teóricos da Ciência Contemporânea, na perspectiva complexo-sistêmica. Nesse sentido, o texto discute o cenário de mutação da Ciência, marcado pela incerteza, pela lógica processual, de constante transformação. Considera esses fatores associados à caosmosesociomidiática e informacional, que também interfere nas produções investigativas em geral, atingindo, dessa forma, também o Turismo. Além das visões de Morin, Capra e Boaventura Souza Santos, na perspectiva geral, quanto à Ciência, a proposição da cartografia é feita a partir da Esquizoanálise, principalmente com base em autores como Félix Guattari, Gilles Deleuze e Suely Rolnik. O texto discute a produção de investigações, a partir de uma metodologia que considera a lógica de ‘fazer fazendo’ e que se orienta por decisões que emergem no campo da pesquisa. A cartografia de saberes, como prática investigativa, está fundamentada em 25 anos de investigação científica, docência em Metodologia da Pesquisa, orientação em pesquisa e supervisão de textos acadêmicos em diversos níveis e áreas do conhecimento, bem como na experiência atual realizada no Centro de Ciências da Comunicação e no Mestrado em Turismo na Universidade de Caxias do Sul, como docente e pesquisadora. Carthographyofknowledgesin Tourism Research: Methodological Propositions for a Changing Science - This paper presents a proposition for a 'cartography of knowledges' as a methodological strategy guidance for planning of research in tourism. It is a transdisciplinary approach, aligned with the theoretical assumptions of Contemporary Science in complex-systemic perspective. The text discusses the scenario of change in science, marked by uncertainty and by

Modelo para a mensuração do capital intelectual: uma abordagem fundamentada em recursos A model for measuring intellectual capital: an approach centered on a resources-based view

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Olivir Sebastião Malavski

2010-09-01

Full Text Available A compreensão dos mecanismos de criação de valor na produção de bens ou serviços tem ocupado um lugar especial na agenda das empresas. O renascimento da Teoria Baseada em Recursos é um sinal da intensificação desta busca, em que se procura identificar o papel dos recursos, capacitações e competências na criação de valor nos sistemas de operações. Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo fundamentado no conceito de capital intelectual para articular recursos, capacitações e competências organizacionais. O modelo é construído a partir das definições das variáveis recursos, capacitações, competências e capital intelectual, trabalhando esses elementos em seus diferentes níveis de análise. A estrutura utilizada para a construção do modelo de integração fundamenta-se no modelo do navegador Skandia, apropriando-se das suas dimensões de desempenho para fins de desenvolvimento deste trabalho. O resultado é um modelo que explica a dinâmica de integração de recursos, capacitações e competências para a avaliação da criação de valor na forma de capital intelectual.Understanding value creation mechanisms for producing goods and services occupies a special place in enterprises' agenda. The renaissance of Resource Based Theory is a sign of this research intensification, which is focused on organizational resources, capabilities and the role of competences in operations systems value creation. This work develops an integration model based on the intellectual capital concept, to articulate resources, capabilities and competences. The model is built using the resources, capabilities, competences and intellectual capital variables definition, addressing them in their different levels of analysis. The structure of the integration model construction used is based on the Skandia navigator model, taking into account their performance dimensions for developing this study. The result is a model that explains the integrative dynamics

Molecular Identification of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus Infection in Apis melliferaem> Colonies in Japan

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Tomomi Morimoto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV infection causes chronic paralysis and loss of workers in honey bee colonies around the world. Although CBPV shows a worldwide distribution, it had not been molecularly detected in Japan. Our investigation of Apis melliferaem> and Apis cerana japonicaem> colonies with RT-PCR has revealed CBPV infection in A. melliferaem> but not A. c. japonicaem> colonies in Japan. The prevalence of CBPV is low compared with that of other viruses: deformed wing virus (DWV, black queen cell virus (BQCV, Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV, and sac brood virus (SBV, previously reported in Japan. Because of its low prevalence (5.6% in A. melliferaem> colonies, the incidence of colony losses by CBPV infection must be sporadic in Japan. The presence of the (− strand RNA in dying workers suggests that CBPV infection and replication may contribute to their symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a geographic separation of Japanese isolates from European, Uruguayan, and mainland US isolates. The lack of major exchange of honey bees between Europe/mainland US and Japan for the recent 26 years (1985–2010 may have resulted in the geographic separation of Japanese CBPV isolates.

Symmetric metamaterials based on flower-shaped structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuong, P.V.; Park, J.W.; Rhee, J.Y.; Kim, K.W.; Cheong, H.; Jang, W.H.; Lee, Y.P.

2013-01-01

We proposed new models of metamaterials (MMs) based on a flower-shaped structure (FSS), whose “meta-atoms” consist of two flower-shaped metallic parts separated by a dielectric layer. Like the non-symmetric MMs based on cut-wire-pairs or electric ring resonators, the symmetrical FSS demonstrates the negative permeability at GHz frequencies. Employing the results, we designed a symmetric negative-refractive-index MM [a symmetric combined structure (SCS)], which is composed of FSSs and cross continuous wires. The MM properties of the FSS and the SCS are presented numerically and experimentally. - Highlights: • A new designed of sub-wavelength metamaterial, flower-shaped structure was proposed. • Flower-shaped meta-atom illustrated effective negative permeability. • Based on the meta-atom, negative refractive index was conventionally gained. • Negative refractive index was demonstrated with symmetric properties for electromagnetic wave. • Dimensional parameters were studied under normal electromagnetic wave

A experiência de jogos em grupos operativos na educação em saúde para diabéticos

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Torres Heloisa de Carvalho

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho descreve e discute uma estratégia educativa desenvolvida em ambulatório de especialidade, cujo objetivo é estimular o indivíduo a refletir sobre seu estilo de vida cotidiano relacionado à sua patologia, no caso específico diabetes mellitus, caracterizando-se como um instrumento de educação em saúde sob uma perspectiva de promoção, prevenção e controle. Para tal, foi implementada uma dinâmica de interação profissional-indivíduo, que teve por base o uso de jogos educativos em grupos operativos. As técnicas pedagógicas utilizadas para a sistematização da dinâmica foram: curso de orientação em diabetes mellitus, consulta individual, grupo operativo e uso de material educativo de comunicação e aprendizagem (jogo. Essas técnicas possibilitaram a construção do conhecimento pelos participantes, a troca de vivências entre os mesmos, além do entendimento da experiência individual da doença pelo profissional de saúde.

AVALIAÇÃO DA CONFIABILIDADE DE PONTES EM CONCRETO PROTENDIDO SOB SOLICITAÇÕES NORMAIS

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Silvia Juliana Sarmiento Nova

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: O presente trabalho consiste em sistematizar um procedimento para avaliação da confiabilidade estrutural de pontes de concreto protendido, com base no índice de confiabilidade β, e a correspondente probabilidade de falha Pf. O Método de Monte Carlo é utilizado no processo de simulação das variáveis aleatórias, tomadas como sendo as resistências dos materiais, algumas das propriedades geométricas e o carregamento aplicado à estrutura. Como ferramenta para análise estrutural, é utilizado um programa computacional comercial. Os valores obtidos pelo método de simulação são validados através do método analítico FORM, e realiza-se também uma análise de sensibilidade. O procedimento é aplicado a uma ponte de concreto protendido de viga-e-laje. Com base nos resultados alcançados na análise desenvolvida conclui-se que o procedimento sistematizado, o qual utiliza um método de simulação, pode ser utilizado para avaliar a confiabilidade de uma ponte em concreto protendido de uma forma mais prática e efetiva. A análise de sensibilidade permitiu identificar as variáveis que apresentam maior influência na avaliação da segurança da estrutura. ABSTRACT: This paper is proposed to systematize the structural reliability evaluation procedure of prestressed concrete bridges, based on the reliability index β, and the corresponding probability of failure Pf. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate design variables, taken as the resistances of the materials, some geometrical properties and the loads applied to the structure. As a tool for structural analysis, a commercial computer program is used. The values obtained by simulation method are validated by the analytical method FORM, and a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The procedure is applied to a deck-girder prestressed concrete bridge. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the procedure, which is based on a simulation method, can be used to evaluate

Consumo de energia em escalonadores de transações em sistemas de memória transacional em software

OpenAIRE

Marques Junior, Ademir [UNESP

2016-01-01

O conceito de Memória Transacional foi criado para simplificar a sincronização de dados em memória, necessária para evitar a computação de dados inconsistentes por processadores multinúcleos, que se tornaram padrão devido às limitações encontradas em processadores de um núcleo. Em evolução constante pela busca de desempenho, os escalonadores de transação foram criados como alternativa aos gerenciadores de contenção presentes nos Sistemas de Memória Transacional. O consumo de energia é preocup...

Morfologia dos tricomas em Tibouchina sect. Pleroma (D. Don cogn. (melastomataceae

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Paulo José Fernandes Guimarães

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Melastomataceae é a família que apresenta a maior diversidade de tricomas. Dr. Wurdack em seu "Atlas of hairs" reconheceu 46 tipos de tricomas para as Melastomataceae neotropicais com o uso de MEV, e referiu 17 destes para o gênero Tibouchina. Em Melastomataceae a morfologia dos tricomas tem sido extensivamente usada na delimitação dos táxons, assim como em estudos que antecederam ao trabalho de Cogniaux, a monografia das Melastomataceae brasileiras publicada em 1885. Em Tibouchina sect. Pleroma a morfologia dos tricomas foi substancial para a circunscrição de várias espécies. O uso da MEV permitiu uma caracterização dos 15 tipos diferentes de tricomas observados nas 41 espécies examinadas. Os diferentes tipos são descritos com base no aspecto morfológico tanto em MO como em MEV e ilustrados através de eletromicrografias de varredura e fotomicrografias.The Melastomataceae display greater trichome diversity. Dr. Wurdack, in his Atlas of hairs, recognized 46 types of trichomes for the Neotropical Melastomataceae through the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, and referred 17 of them to the genus Tibouchina. The trichome morphology has been extensively used in the delimitation of the taxa in Melastomataceae, as well as in previous studies by Cogniaux, the monograph of Brazilian Melastomataceae published in 1885. The morphology of the trichomes was essential for the delimitation of several species in Tibouchina section Pleroma. The use of SEM provided the best characterization of the 15 different types of trichomes recognized among the 41 species examined. These were described based on the morphological appearance, both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and illustrated by scanning electron micrographs and photomicrographs.

Dilemas da masculinidade em comunidades de leitores da revista Men's Health

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Jair de Souza Ramos

Full Text Available Neste artigo, analiso as representações sobre masculinidade e cuidado de si em comunidades de leitores da revista Men's Health. Com base na análise de tópicos e postagens em comunidades online, abordo desde as tensões em torno da oposição homossexual / heterossexual na autodefinição dos leitores, até a ênfase em um corpo concebido, a um só tempo, como saudável e masculino. Meu objetivo é examinar a construção de uma imagem de si masculina entre estes leitores, que se valem de temas, problemas e técnicas de si que estão presentes na revista, mas, sobretudo, além dela, e que dizem respeito a um determinado estilo de masculinidade, em que a expressão de si através da exposição do corpo desempenha um papel primordial.

Application of EM tomography to detect a buried pipe; EM tomography no maisetsukan tansa eno tekiyorei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakashita, S [OYO Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-01

EM tomography was applied to detect buried pipes. Underground radar exploration method is limited to 10m in depth. Positive use of bored holes is desirable, and in such case, magnetic logging based on the magnetic susceptibility (MS) contrast between buried body and surrounding ground is effective. The primary magnetic field is generated by coil current, and the secondary one is generated by the primary one responding to foreign bodies in the ground. Since the measured primary magnetic field of low frequency within 10Hz can be treated as static magnetic field responding to MS in the ground, it is useful to determine MS distributions. Since the measured magnetic field of high frequency within 100kHz can be treated as induction field responding to conductivity in the ground, it is useful to determine resistivity distributions. The EM tomography which can image both above distributions by using electromagnetic wave in a wide frequency range, was applied to detect buried pipes. The EM tomography could detect an buried foreign body of 3m in diameter at 10m in distance between bored holes. The theoretical equation for analysis was also derived. 5 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

Smartphone based hemispherical photography for canopy structure measurement

Science.gov (United States)

Wan, Xuefen; Cui, Jian; Jiang, Xueqin; Zhang, Jingwen; Yang, Yi; Zheng, Tao

2018-01-01

The canopy is the most direct and active interface layer of the interaction between plant and environment, and has important influence on energy exchange, biodiversity, ecosystem matter and climate change. The measurement about canopy structure of plant is an important foundation to analyze the pattern, process and operation mechanism of forest ecosystem. Through the study of canopy structure of plant, solar radiation, ambient wind speed, air temperature and humidity, soil evaporation, soil temperature and other forest environmental climate characteristics can be evaluated. Because of its accuracy and effectiveness, canopy structure measurement based on hemispherical photography has been widely studied. However, the traditional method of canopy structure hemispherical photogrammetry based on SLR camera and fisheye lens. This method is expensive and difficult to be used in some low-cost occasions. In recent years, smartphone technology has been developing rapidly. The smartphone not only has excellent image acquisition ability, but also has the considerable computational processing ability. In addition, the gyroscope and positioning function on the smartphone will also help to measure the structure of the canopy. In this paper, we present a smartphone based hemispherical photography system. The system consists of smart phones, low-cost fisheye lenses and PMMA adapters. We designed an Android based App to obtain the canopy hemisphere images through low-cost fisheye lenses and provide horizontal collimation information. In addition, the App will add the acquisition location tag obtained by GPS and auxiliary positioning method in hemisphere image information after the canopy structure hemisphere image acquisition. The system was tested in the urban forest after it was completed. The test results show that the smartphone based hemispherical photography system can effectively collect the high-resolution canopy structure image of the plant.

NÍVEL DE CONTROLE DE Diloboderus abderus EM AVEIA PRETA, LINHO, MILHO E GIRASSOL

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Silva Mauro Tadeu Braga da

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo aqui relatado foi conduzido nas safras agrícolas de 1991 e 1992, em Cruz Alta, no Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de infestação de Diloboderus abderus Sturm, 1826 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae em aveia preta (Avena strigosa L., em linho (Linum usitatissimum L., em milho (Zea mays L. e em girassol (Helianthus annuus L., no sistema de plantio direto. O aumento do número de larvas/m² propiciou a ocorrência de danos e, em conseqüência, a diminuição da população de plantas, da massa seca da parte aérea e da produtividade. Os níveis de controle obtidos foram variáveis dependendo da cultura. Com base nos danos produzidos pelo inseto, sugerem-se os níveis de controle de 12 larvas/m² em linho, de 10 larvas/m² em aveia preta, de 0,5 larva/m² em milho e de 0,4 larva/m² em girassol, como indicador para tratamento de sementes destas culturas com inseticidas.

Experimental evaluation of structural integrity of scram release electromagnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patri, Sudheer; Ruhela, S.P.; Punniyamoorthy, R.; Vijayashree, R.; Chandramouli, S.; Kumar, P. Madan; Rajendraprasad, R.; Rao, P. Vijayamohana; Narmadha, S.; Sreedhar, B.K.; Rajan, K.K.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The structural integrity of scram release electromagnet is evaluated against thermal shocks. • A simple test facility, employed for simulating the thermal shocks in a typical FBR, is presented. • The cold shock experienced by electromagnet during scram is simulated. • The testing qualified electromagnet for 11.6 yr of reactor operation. - Abstract: Prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR), under construction at Kalpakkam, India, plays an important role in the commercialisation of fast breeder reactors (FBR) in India. It consists of two independent, fast acting and diverse shutdown systems. An electromagnet (EM) immersed in sodium acts as scram release device for the second shutdown system of prototype fast breeder reactor. The inside of EM is sealed from the sodium to achieve the required response time and to prevent the exposure of EM coil to sodium. As the EM response time is an important parameter for reactor safety, the integrity of EM is to be maintained under all anticipated loadings. The EM experiences thermal shocks and thermal stresses during reactor transients such as scram. The dissimilar weld joint present in EM is more susceptible to fatigue failure due to these thermal stresses. Failure of weld joint results in the entry of sodium into the EM, increasing its response time with associated safety implications. In this connection, the structural integrity of EM against thermal shocks was experimentally evaluated in Thermal Shock Test Facility. The EM was subjected to 1000 cycles of thermal shocks, which constitutes 29% of total number of shocks required to qualify the EM for 40 years of reactor operation, thus qualifying it for 11.6 yr of reactor operation. The testing has enhanced the confidence level for safe and reliable operation of EM of DSRDM in PFBR. The testing not only qualified the EM for use in reactor but also provided input for licensing the erection of DSRDM on reactor pile. Moreover, it provided a direction for

Impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems on soil nematodes in a long-term experiment in Madagascar Impacto do plantio direto com cobertura vegetal nos nematódeos edáficos em experimento de longa duração em Madagascar

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Cécile Villenave

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to assess the effects of conventional tillage and of different direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC on soil nematofauna characteristics. The long-term field experiment was carried out in the highlands of Madagascar on an andic Dystrustept soil. Soil samples were taken once a year during three successive years (14 to 16 years after installation of the treatments from a 0-5-cm soil layer of a conventional tillage system and of three kinds of DMC: direct seeding on mulch from rotation soybean-maize residues; direct seeding of maize-maize rotation on living mulch of silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum; direct seeding of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris-soybean rotation on living mulch of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum. The samples were compared with samples from natural fallows. The soil nematofauna, characterized by the abundance of different trophic groups and indices (MI, maturity index; EI and SI, enrichment and structure indices, allowed the discrimination of the different cropping systems. The different DMC treatments had a more complex soil food web than the tillage treatment: SI and MI were significantly greater in DMC systems. Moreover, DMC with dead mulch had a lower density of free-living nematodes than DMC with living mulch, which suggested a lower microbial activity.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do plantio convencional e de diferentes sistemas de plantio direto com cobertura vegetal (DMC nas características da nematofauna edáfica. Foi intalado um experimento de longa duração nos platôs centrais de Madagascar em um Inceptisol ândico. O solo foi amostrado uma vez por ano durante três anos consecutivos (14 a 16 anos após a instalação dos tratamentos na camada de 0-5 cm do solo em plantio convencional e em três tipos de DMC: plantio direto sobre cobertura morta de resíduos da rotação soja-milho; plantio direto da sucessão milho-milho sobre cobertura viva de Desmodium

Dissimilarity-based classification of anatomical tree structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Lauge; Lo, Pechin Chien Pau; Dirksen, Asger

2011-01-01

A novel method for classification of abnormality in anatomical tree structures is presented. A tree is classified based on direct comparisons with other trees in a dissimilarity-based classification scheme. The pair-wise dissimilarity measure between two trees is based on a linear assignment betw...

Dissimilarity-based classification of anatomical tree structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Lauge Emil Borch Laurs; Lo, Pechin Chien Pau; Dirksen, Asger

2011-01-01

A novel method for classification of abnormality in anatomical tree structures is presented. A tree is classified based on direct comparisons with other trees in a dissimilarity-based classification scheme. The pair-wise dissimilarity measure between two trees is based on a linear assignment...

Estratégia e estrutura: em busca do alinhamento organizacional em um clube social esportivo

OpenAIRE

Cruz Junior,Augusto de Toledo; Carvalho,Marly Monteiro de; Laurindo,Fernando José Barbin

2005-01-01

A literatura descreve tipologias de formas organizações, que podem ser divididas em organização baseada em trabalho e organização baseada em conhecimento. A forma de representação mais utilizada é o organograma. Contudo, esta forma de representação não consegue ilustrar adequadamente a dinâmica de funcionamento da organização, sobretudo em organizações em que o conhecimento e a experiência são os ativos-chave. Com o objetivo de investigar o processo de alinhamento entre estratégia e estrutura...

Structural implications of hERG K+ channel block by a high-affinity minimally structured blocker

Science.gov (United States)

Helliwell, Matthew V.; Zhang, Yihong; El Harchi, Aziza; Du, Chunyun; Hancox, Jules C.; Dempsey, Christopher E.

2018-01-01

Cardiac potassium channels encoded by human ether-à-go-go–related gene (hERG) are major targets for structurally diverse drugs associated with acquired long QT syndrome. This study characterized hERG channel inhibition by a minimally structured high-affinity hERG inhibitor, Cavalli-2, composed of three phenyl groups linked by polymethylene spacers around a central amino group, chosen to probe the spatial arrangement of side chain groups in the high-affinity drug-binding site of the hERG pore. hERG current (IhERG) recorded at physiological temperature from HEK293 cells was inhibited with an IC50 of 35.6 nm with time and voltage dependence characteristic of blockade contingent upon channel gating. Potency of Cavalli-2 action was markedly reduced for attenuated inactivation mutants located near (S620T; 54-fold) and remote from (N588K; 15-fold) the channel pore. The S6 Y652A and F656A mutations decreased inhibitory potency 17- and 75-fold, respectively, whereas T623A and S624A at the base of the selectivity filter also decreased potency (16- and 7-fold, respectively). The S5 helix F557L mutation decreased potency 10-fold, and both F557L and Y652A mutations eliminated voltage dependence of inhibition. Computational docking using the recent cryo-EM structure of an open channel hERG construct could only partially recapitulate experimental data, and the high dependence of Cavalli-2 block on Phe-656 is not readily explainable in that structure. A small clockwise rotation of the inner (S6) helix of the hERG pore from its configuration in the cryo-EM structure may be required to optimize Phe-656 side chain orientations compatible with high-affinity block. PMID:29545312

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Equipment response spectra for base-isolated shear beam structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmadi, G.; Su, L.

1992-01-01

Equipment response spectra in base-isolated structure under seismic ground excitations are studied. The equipment is treated as a single-degree-of-freedom system attached to a nonuniform elastic beam structural model. Several leading base isolation systems, including the laminated rubber bearing, the resilient-friction base isolator with and without a sliding upper plate, and the EDF system are considered. Deflection and acceleration response spectra for the equipment and the shear beam structure subject to a sinusoidal and the accelerogram of the N00W component of El Centro 1940 earthquake are evaluated. Primary-secondary interaction effects are included in the analysis. Several numerical parametric studies are carried out and the effectiveness of different base isolation systems in protecting the nonstructural components is studied. It is shown that use of properly designed base isolation systems provides considerable protection for secondary systems, as well as, the structure against severe seismic loadings. (orig.)

Preparation of Dry Extract of Mikania glomerataem> Sprengel (Guaco and Determination of Its Coumarin Levels by Spectrophotometry and HPLC-UV

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Maria da Penha Henriques do Amaral

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Guaco (Mikania glomerata em>Sprengel syrup is one of the most popular herbal medicines used to treat the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis, cough and hoarseness. The coumarin 2H>-1-benzopyran-2-one, is one of the major constituents of Guaco and contributes to its pharmacological effects. The pharmaceutical capsule form of dry extract of Guaco is recommended by the Brazilian Program of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines and used in primary health care. In order to identify a new protocol to obtain the raw material for Guaco capsule production we evaluated two methods, including a freeze-drying process (lyophilization and the spray-dryer technique, as well as the use of two adjuvants, Maltodextrins and Aerosil^®, in different concentrations. The coumarin levels of the dried extracts were analyzed by UV-spectrophotometry and HPLC-UV/DAD. The adjuvant Aerosil^® 8% showed better dry powder physical appearance. Lyophilization was observed to be the best process to obtain the dry extract of Guaco based on the measured coumarin levels.

Design bases - Concrete structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diaz-Llanos Ros, M.

1993-01-01

The most suitable title for Section 2 is 'Design Bases', which covers not only calculation but also the following areas: - Structural design concepts. - Project criteria. - Material specifications. These concepts are developed in more detail in the following sections. The numbering in this document is neither complete nor hierarchical since, for easier cross referencing, it corresponds to the paragraphs of Eurocode 2 Part 1 (hereinafter 'EUR-2') which are commented on. (author)

Screening Commercially Available Entomopathogenic Biocontrol Agents for the Control of Aethina tumidaem> (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae in the UK

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Giles E. Budge

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The Small hive beetle, Aethina tumidaem>, is an invasive pest of honey bees. Indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa, it has now become established in North America and Australia. It represents a serious threat to European honey bees. Commercially available entomopathogenic agents were screened for their potential to control beetle larvae. Entomopathogenic fungi investigated had minimal impact. The nematodes Steinernema> krausseiem> and S. carpocapsaeem> provided excellent control with 100% mortality of larvae being obtained. Sequential applications of the nematodes following larvae entering sand to pupate also provided excellent control for up to 3 weeks. The information gained supports the development of contingency plans to deal with A. tumidaem> should it occur in the UK, and is relevant to the management of Small hive beetle where it is already present.

O CAMINHO DO VINHO EM SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS/PR: um território turístico em (transformação

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Daniel Fernando Queiroz Martins

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O turismo enquanto dinâmica social e atividade econômica, é o objeto de investigação deste estudo que tem como cenário a Colônia Mergulhão, em São José dos Pinhais/PR. Trata-se de um território em estado de trans(formação pelo turismo. Apresenta-se um breve diagnóstico sobre o turismo na Colônia Mergulhão, com base em discussões teóricas acerca do turismo em área rural e as novas relações de produção no espaço rural. Metodologicamente a pesquisa foi construída com base no levantamento de questões específicas sobre essa realidade, mostradas pelos atores envolvidos, a saber: a A prefeitura municipal; b Empresários do turismo local; e, c Associação Caminho do Vinho Colônia Mergulhão (ACAVIM. Revelaram-se os pontos fortes e fracos sobre o turismo na Colônia, assim como as oportunidades e ameaças a que a mesma está exposta. Concluiu-se que o turismo, organizado através do roteiro Caminho do Vinho, possibilitou importantes ganhos para a comunidade e a sua manutenção enquanto principal atividade econômica está baseada na união dos antigos produtores rurais, hoje empresários do turismo. Estes têm em torno da cultura italiana o seu maior diferencial competitivo, que só poderá manter-se sólido através de uma gestão participativa dos envolvidos.

Cuidados paliativos em enfermagem ao idoso em UTI: uma revisão integrativa / Palliative nursing care in the elderly in UCI: an integrative review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Mendes Luiz

2018-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar as principais intervenções e ações da enfermagem ao paciente idoso sob cuidados paliativos em UTI. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo revisão integrativa, do qual foram analisados 16 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2005 a 2014, nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Bdenf. Para a seleção e análise dos artigos foi utilizado um instrumento validado. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos artigos foram publicados no ano de 2013, em periódicos de enfermagem geral, emergindo três categorias temáticas: a Enfermagem no alívio da dor e sofrimento em cuidados paliativos, a comunicação como tratamento terapêutico e abordagem multiprofissional em UTI como estratégia de cuidado. CONCLUSÃO: Propõe-se que pesquisas posteriores sejam realizadas, na tentativa de aprofundar e publicar estratégias para um bom atendimento ao idoso sob cuidados paliativos em terapia intensiva e melhorar o método de assistência nos ambientes de trabalho. DESCRITORES: Cuidado Paliativo; Idoso; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.

Functionalized anatomical models for EM-neuron Interaction modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Neufeld, Esra; Cassará, Antonino Mario; Montanaro, Hazael; Kuster, Niels; Kainz, Wolfgang

2016-06-01

The understanding of interactions between electromagnetic (EM) fields and nerves are crucial in contexts ranging from therapeutic neurostimulation to low frequency EM exposure safety. To properly consider the impact of in vivo induced field inhomogeneity on non-linear neuronal dynamics, coupled EM-neuronal dynamics modeling is required. For that purpose, novel functionalized computable human phantoms have been developed. Their implementation and the systematic verification of the integrated anisotropic quasi-static EM solver and neuronal dynamics modeling functionality, based on the method of manufactured solutions and numerical reference data, is described. Electric and magnetic stimulation of the ulnar and sciatic nerve were modeled to help understanding a range of controversial issues related to the magnitude and optimal determination of strength-duration (SD) time constants. The results indicate the importance of considering the stimulation-specific inhomogeneous field distributions (especially at tissue interfaces), realistic models of non-linear neuronal dynamics, very short pulses, and suitable SD extrapolation models. These results and the functionalized computable phantom will influence and support the development of safe and effective neuroprosthetic devices and novel electroceuticals. Furthermore they will assist the evaluation of existing low frequency exposure standards for the entire population under all exposure conditions.

Strengthening of Concrete Structures with cement based bonded composites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Täljsten, Björn; Blanksvärd, Thomas

2008-01-01

Polymers). The method is very efficient and has achieved world wide attention. However, there are some drawbacks with the use of epoxy, e.g. working environment, compatibility and permeability. Substituting the epoxy adherent with a cement based bonding agent will render a strengthening system...... with improved working environment and better compatibility to the base concrete structure. This study gives an overview of different cement based systems, all with very promising results for structural upgrading. Studied parameters are structural retrofit for bending, shear and confinement. It is concluded...

Reliability based Design of Coastal Structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Burcharth, H. F.

2003-01-01

Conventional design practice for coastal structures is deterministic in nature and is based on the concept of a design load which should not exceed the resistance (carrying capacity) of the structure. The design load is usually defined on a probabilistic basis as a characteristic value of the load......, for example the expectation (mean) value of the 100-year return period event. However, this selection is often made without consideration of the involved uncertainties. In most cases the resistance is defined in terms of the load that causes a certain design impact or damage to the structure...

Planejamento estratégico em saúde com base em determinantes: o caso do município de Campo Bom (RS. Uma proposta metodológica para a gestão descentralizada Strategic health planning based on determinants: case of the municipality of Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul State. A methodological proposal for the decentralized management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín Maximino León González

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de analisar o modelo de planejamento estratégico em saúde com base em determinantes, utilizado na experiência do município de Campo Bom, realizou-se estudo observacional, qualitativo, de análise documental e avaliação de novas tecnologias de processo na gestão local de saúde. O estudo contém uma análise de coerência metodológica e de aplicabilidade do modelo, a partir da revisão dos planos municipal e locais. Nele, apresenta-se o caso de Campo Bom, no qual foi possível integrar e aplicar, em nível local, um modelo estratégico de planejamento em saúde orientado às novas conceituações da saúde, considerando elementos dos diferentes desenvolvimentos teóricos, sendo viável responder às necessidades e situações locais prevalentes. Identificam-se etapas evolutivas do planejamento em saúde e analisam-se elementos integradores do modelo e limitações na sua aplicação, salientando-se a necessidade de apoiar o aprofundamento do estudo e o desenvolvimento do campo.With the purpose to analyze the health strategic planning model based on determinants experienced in the municipality of Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul State, it was conducted an observational, qualitative study, of documental analysis as well as an evaluation of new process technologies in local health administration. This study contains an analysis of the methodological coherency and applicability of this model, based on the revision of the elaborated plans. The plans presented at Campo Bom case shows the possibility of integration and applicability at local level, of a health strategic planning model oriented to the new health concepts considering elements of different theoretical developments that enables the response to the most common local needs and situations. It was identified evolutional stages of health planning and analyzed integrative elements of the model and limitations of its application, pointing to the need of support the deepening on

Two-Component Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosisem>—Structure-Based Approaches

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tucker, Paul; Nowak, Elzbieta; Morth, Jens Preben

2007-01-01

Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains few two‐component systems compared to many other bacteria, possibly because it has more serine/threonine signaling pathways. Even so, these two‐component systems appear to play an important role in early intracellular survival of the pathogen as well as in aspe...

Acidentes em postos e sistemas retalhistas de combustíveis: subsídios para a vigilância em saúde ambiental Environmental accidents in gas stations and retailling systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Luiz Nobre Gouveia

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Os acidentes em postos e sistemas retalhistas resultam de forma imediata em danos graves à vida de pessoas, na contaminação do solo e da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a importância da atuação conjunta dos órgãos ambientais e de saúde e subsidiar a estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental. A metodologia consistiu no estudo da literatura nacional e internacional; levantamento dos dados existentes em oito órgãos ambientais estaduais brasileiros sobre atendimentos emergenciais e análise de um caso ocorrido no município de Guarulhos, Estado de São Paulo, em janeiro de 2005. Os resultados revelaram que esses acidentes são importante causa de acidentes ambientais e há grande diferença na atuação dos diversos órgãos ambientais. Também demonstra que a estruturação da vigilância em saúde ambiental deve abordar a interface com outras instituições públicas envolvidas.The accidents in gas stations and retailing systems result in grave damages to the life of people and contamination of the soil and water. The objective is to discuss the importance of the joint action of environmental and health organs and to subsidize the structuring of the National System of Surveillance in Environmental Health. The methodology consisted of the studying of the national and international literature; to compile the existent data on eight environmental organs about accidents, and analysis of one case occurred in Guarulhos, State of São Paulo, in January, 2005. The results revealed that these accidents are an important cause of environmental accidents and that there is a great difference in the actions of the diverse environmental organs and demonstrates that the structure of surveillance in environmental health should consider the interface with other public institutions.

Structural Biology in the context of EGEE

CERN Document Server

García, D; Carazo, J M; Valverde, J R; Moscicki, J; Muraru, A

2007-01-01

Electron microscopy (EM) is a crucial technique, which allows Structural Biology researchers to characterize macromolecular assemblies in distinct functional states. Image processing in three dimensional EM (3D-EM) is used by a flourishing community (exemplarized by the EU funded 3D-EM NoE) and is characterized by voluminous data and large computing requirements, making this a problem well suited for Grid computing and the EGEE infrastructure. There are various steps in the 3D-EM refinement process that may benefit from Grid computing. To start with, large numbers of experimental images need to be averaged. Nowadays, typically tens of thousands of images are used, while future studies may routinely employ millions of images. Our group has been developing Xmipp, a package for single-particle 3D-EM image processing. Using Xmipp, the classification of 91,000 ribosome projections into 4 classes took more than 2500 CPU hours using the resources of the MareNostrum supercomputer at the Barcelona Supercomputing Centr...

Single-particle electron microscopy in the study of membrane protein structure.

Science.gov (United States)

De Zorzi, Rita; Mi, Wei; Liao, Maofu; Walz, Thomas

2016-02-01

Single-particle electron microscopy (EM) provides the great advantage that protein structure can be studied without the need to grow crystals. However, due to technical limitations, this approach played only a minor role in the study of membrane protein structure. This situation has recently changed dramatically with the introduction of direct electron detection device cameras, which allow images of unprecedented quality to be recorded, also making software algorithms, such as three-dimensional classification and structure refinement, much more powerful. The enhanced potential of single-particle EM was impressively demonstrated by delivering the first long-sought atomic model of a member of the biomedically important transient receptor potential channel family. Structures of several more membrane proteins followed in short order. This review recounts the history of single-particle EM in the study of membrane proteins, describes the technical advances that now allow this approach to generate atomic models of membrane proteins and provides a brief overview of some of the membrane protein structures that have been studied by single-particle EM to date. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Paracoccidioidomicose em crianças em Belém do Pará

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Fonseca Eliane R.S.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available No período janeiro de 1985 e julho de 1996 foram observados 102 casos de paracoccidioidomicose em hospital de Belém, PA. Treze pacientes eram crianças entre 3 e 13 anos de idade, com predomínio do sexo feminino (8:5. Todos apresentavam a forma disseminada subaguda da micose. É comentada a alta prevalência da micose em crianças em áreas endêmicas da Região Amazônica.

Balanço de nitrogênio em fêmeas leiteiras em confinamento alimentadas com concentrado à base de farelo de soja ou farelo de algodão Nitrogen use efficiency of growing dairy heifers fed concentrate rations based on soybean or cottonseed meal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefanie Alvarenga Santos

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a influência do fornecimento de concentrados à base de farelo de soja ou farelo de algodão em dietas com silagem de milho sobre o balanço de nitrogênio e a produção de proteína microbiana em fêmeas leiteiras em crescimento. As dietas foram constituídas da combinação de dois níveis de concentrado (1 ou 2 kg e duas fontes proteicas (farelo de soja ou farelo de algodão. Os animais que consumiram concentrado na quantidade de 2 kg/dia apresentaram maior consumo de nitrogênio total, entretanto não houve efeito significativo sobre o N-fecal, N-urinário e o balanço de nitrogênio. A interação entre o nível de concentrado e a fonte proteica influenciou o nitrogênio ureico na urina (N-urina, mas não alterou os níveis de nitrogênio ureico no plasma. Os níveis de concentrado e as fontes proteicas não afetaram as concentrações de purinas totais e alantoína na urina, a porcentagem de alantoína em relação às purinas totais, os níveis de ácido úrico na urina e nitrogênio microbiano nem a eficiência microbiana. O fornecimento de 1 ou 2 kg de concentrado contendo farelo de soja ou farelo de algodão como fontes proteicas para novilhas leiteiras em crescimento não afeta a eficiência microbiana, entretanto o fornecimento de 2 kg de concentrado aumenta a excreção de nitrogênio nas fezes.The objective of this work was to evaluate effect of based-soybean or cottonseed meal concentrate rations in diets with corn silage on nitrogen balance (NB and microbial protein production in growing dairy females. diets consisted of the combination of two levels of concentrate ration, 1 or 2 kg, and two protein sources, soybean meal or cottonseed meal. The animals that consumed 2 kg of concentrate ration showed greater total nitrogen intake, however, there was no significant effect on fecal-N, urine-N and nitrogen balance. The interaction among the concentrade levels and the protein source affected the urine uric N (N-urine but

O estado em que o sujeito encontra-se diante das perdas ou desinvestimentos objetais: uma leitura em Freud, Karl Abraham e Ferenczi

OpenAIRE

Pereira, Wládia Guimarães

2007-01-01

As afecções clínicas contemporâneas nos levam a investigar as novas formas de sofrimento psíquico, ou seja, as versões que o sujeito da atualidade utiliza para evidenciar o seu mal-estar. Para tanto, tomando como base a relação entre sujeito e objeto, propostas pela psicanálise, esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar como se estabelecem as perdas objetais em nossos dias. Assim apresentamos três tempos subjetivos: a perda, o luto e a melancolia. A perda como um momento em ...

Event-based model diagnosis of rainfall-runoff model structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stanzel, P.

2012-01-01

The objective of this research is a comparative evaluation of different rainfall-runoff model structures. Comparative model diagnostics facilitate the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of each model. The application of multiple models allows an analysis of simulation uncertainties arising from the selection of model structure, as compared with effects of uncertain parameters and precipitation input. Four different model structures, including conceptual and physically based approaches, are compared. In addition to runoff simulations, results for soil moisture and the runoff components of overland flow, interflow and base flow are analysed. Catchment runoff is simulated satisfactorily by all four model structures and shows only minor differences. Systematic deviations from runoff observations provide insight into model structural deficiencies. While physically based model structures capture some single runoff events better, they do not generally outperform conceptual model structures. Contributions to uncertainty in runoff simulations stemming from the choice of model structure show similar dimensions to those arising from parameter selection and the representation of precipitation input. Variations in precipitation mainly affect the general level and peaks of runoff, while different model structures lead to different simulated runoff dynamics. Large differences between the four analysed models are detected for simulations of soil moisture and, even more pronounced, runoff components. Soil moisture changes are more dynamical in the physically based model structures, which is in better agreement with observations. Streamflow contributions of overland flow are considerably lower in these models than in the more conceptual approaches. Observations of runoff components are rarely made and are not available in this study, but are shown to have high potential for an effective selection of appropriate model structures (author) [de

Development of Microsatellite Markers for the Korean Mussel, Mytilus coruscusem> (Mytilidae Using Next-Generation Sequencing

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Hye Suck An

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Mytilus coruscusem> (family Mytilidae is one of the most important marine shellfish species in Korea. During the past few decades, this species has become endangered due to the loss of habitats and overfishing. Despite this species’ importance, information on its genetic background is scarce. In this study, we developed microsatellite markers for M.> coruscusem> using next-generation sequencing. A total of 263,900 raw reads were obtained from a quarter-plate run on the 454 GS-FLX titanium platform, and 176,327 unique sequences were generated with an average length of 381 bp; 2569 (1.45% sequences contained a minimum of five di- to tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs. Of the 51 loci screened, 46 were amplified successfully, and 22 were polymorphic among 30 individuals, with seven of trinucleotide repeats and three of tetranucleotide repeats. All loci exhibited high genetic variability, with an average of 17.32 alleles per locus, and the mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.67 and 0.90, respectively. In addition, cross-amplification was tested for all 22 loci in another congener species, M.> galloprovincialis.> None of the primer pairs resulted in effective amplification, which might be due to their high mutation rates. Our work demonstrated the utility of next-generation 454 sequencing as a method for the rapid and cost-effective identification of microsatellites. The high degree of polymorphism exhibited by the 22 newly developed microsatellites will be useful in future conservation genetic studies of this species.

Microscopia de Varredura por Sonda em Materiais Carbonosos.

OpenAIRE

Rodrigo QueirÃs de Almeida

2013-01-01

O grafeno Ã definido como uma estrutura cristalina bidimensional, formada por uma rede hexagonal de Ãtomos de carbono, e devido Ãs suas propriedades eletrÃnicas e estruturais, existe um enorme interesse em investigar as propriedades fÃsicas de materiais originados da modificaÃÃo quÃmica do grafeno. AlÃm disso, o grafeno Ã a base para todos os alÃtropos de carbono com estrutura grafÃtica (hibridizaÃÃo sp2), podendo ser envolvido de forma esfÃrica, formando os fulerenos (0D), enrolado em uma es...

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EM wave propagation analysis in plasma covered radar absorbing material

CERN Document Server

Singh, Hema; Rawat, Harish Singh

2017-01-01

This book focuses on EM propagation characteristics within multilayered plasma-dielectric-metallic media. The method used for analysis is impedance transformation method. Plasma covered radar absorbing material is approximated as a multi-layered dielectric medium. The plasma is considered to be bounded homogeneous/inhomogeneous medium. The reflection coefficient and hence return loss is analytically derived. The role of plasma parameters, such as electron density, collision frequency, plasma thickness, and plasma density profile in the absorption behavior of multi-layered plasma-RAM structure is described. This book provides a clearer picture of EM propagation within plasma. The reader will get an insight of plasma parameters that play significant role in deciding the absorption characteristics of plasma covered surfaces.

Syntheses of Enantiopure Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols and Acetates by Bioresolution with Lipase B from Candida antarcticaem>

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Richele P. Severino

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The lipase B from Candida antarcticaem> (Novozym 435^®, CALB efficiently catalyzed the kinetic resolution of some aliphatic secondary alcohols: (±-4-methylpentan-2-ol (1, (±-5-methylhexan-2-ol (3, (±-octan-2-ol (4, (±-heptan-3-ol (5 and (±-oct-1-en-3-ol (6. The lipase showed excellent enantioselectivities in the transesterifications of racemic aliphatic secondary alcohols producing the enantiopure alcohols (>99% ee> and acetates (>99% ee> with good yields. Kinetic resolution of rac>-alcohols was successfully achieved with CALB lipase using simple conditions, vinyl acetate as acylating agent, and hexane as non-polar solvent.

A poliomielite em Sergipe

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Hélio A. Oliveira

1994-06-01

Full Text Available Os autores apresentam estudo retrospectivo da poliomielite em Sergipe. Dividem o estudo em três períodos levando em consideração a taxa de notificação de casos positivos e enfatizam o período que vai de 1979 a 1989, pelo estudo de 159 casos consecutivos. As seguintes informações foram levantadas para cada caso: sexo, idade, procedência, estado vacinai anterior e evolução clínica. São também avaliadas a incidência anual, relação incidência/cobertura vacinai e distribuição geográfica. Tecem comentários sobre os surtos epidêmicos ocorridos em 1984 e 1986, sobre as alterações na circulação do poliovírus selvagem (P1 para P3 e sobre problemas relacionados à não aquisição de imunidade em crianças com esquema vacinal completo. Consideram a poliomielite controlada no Estado, mas enfatizam a necessidade de manutenção de Vigilância epidemiológica efetiva para todos os casos de paralisia aguda e flácida em menores de 14 anos de idade.

Tratabilidade do lodo biológico têxtil e produção de biogás em reator UASB em diferentes temperaturas

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Júnia Schultz

Full Text Available RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento de um reator UASB em escala laboratorial (16 L no tratamento de lodo biológico têxtil com produção de biogás, operando em diferentes temperaturas, 35 (mesofílica, 45 e 55ºC (termofílica, com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH constante de 24 h. O reator UASB apresentou-se apto a tratar o lodo têxtil, sendo influenciado positivamente pelo incremento da temperatura, mostrando maiores remoções nas temperaturas termofílicas e com altas taxas de remoção de todos os parâmetros físico-químicos monitorados: demanda química de oxigênio (DQO (97% em 45 e 55ºC, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO (95% em 45ºC e 94% em 55ºC, fósforo total (P-total (95% a 45 e 55ºC e nitrogênio total (N-total (94% a 45 e 55ºC. Quanto à produção de biogás e à concentração de metano, os maiores valores foram observados a 45ºC. Com base nos resultados alcançados, confirmam-se a tratabilidade do lodo têxtil e a produção de biogás em UASB, com melhor performance a 45ºC.

Pesquisa e desenvolvimento em cerâmicas eletro-eletrônicas no IPEN

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Muccillo R.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O Grupo de Cerâmicas Eletro-eletrônicas do IPEN desenvolve trabalhos de pesquisa em materiais cerâmicos avançados para utilização em dispositivos sensores de espécies químicas e em células de combustíveis a eletrólitos sólidos. As principais áreas de atuação do grupo são em 1 síntese, processamento e caracterização elétrica de materiais cerâmicos, 2 estudo de correlação microestrutura-propriedades elétricas de materiais cerâmicos, 3 projeto, desenvolvimento, montagem e testes de sensores eletroquímicos de espécies químicas. Os principais materiais estudados são condutores iônicos (à base de ZrO2, ThO2 e outros, protônicos (à base de BaCeO3, varistores à base de SnO2, supercondutores cerâmicos de alta temperatura crítica (das famílias Y-Ba-Cu-O e Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O e compósitos de matriz cerâmica (dos tipos isolante em matriz condutora iônica e condutor iônico em matriz supercondutora. A infra-estrutura experimental dispõe de analisador de impedância, difratômetro de raios X, equipamento de análise térmica simultânea, fornos para sinterização e laboratório químico. O trabalho de pesquisa do Grupo é financiado por projetos FAPESP e PRONEX.

Determinação de hemogregarina em Boa constrictor constrictor mantidos em cativeiro

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Monique A. Luz

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a presença de hemogregarina em boídeos mantidos em cativeiro no Estado do Pará, bem como, relacionar a hemoparasitose com pre-disposição sexual, alterações clínicas e hematológicas e a presença de ectoparasitos. Esta pesquisa teve autorização do Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis para ser realizado. Utilizaram-se 19 serpentes da família Boidae mantidas em cativeiro, pertencentes ao "Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" (Belém/PA e "Sítio Xerimbabo" (Santo Antônio do Tauá/PA. A pesquisa de hemogregarina foi realizada em esfregaços sanguíneos examinados no aumento de 400x, enquanto que a parasitemia foi determinada contando- se 550 hemácias em aumento de 1000x. Do total de animais estudados (n=19, nove encontraram-se parasitados (47,36%, não havendo correlação entre presença de hemogregarina, pré-disposição sexual, alterações clínicas e hematológicas nas serpentes hospedeiras. A correlação da hemoparasitose foi detectada apenas quanto à presença de ectoparasitas nas serpentes, no entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para verificar a prevalência de hemogregarinas em animais mantidos em cativeiro no Estado do Pará, visto que, existe grande lacuna de dados na literatura veterinária especializada no que diz respeito à fauna da região amazônica.

Plant-based food and feed protein structure changes induced by gene-transformation, heating and bio-ethanol processing: a synchrotron-based molecular structure and nutrition research program.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Peiqiang

2010-11-01

Unlike traditional "wet" analytical methods which during processing for analysis often result in destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures, advanced synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy has been developed as a rapid and nondestructive and bioanalytical technique. This cutting-edge synchrotron-based bioanalytical technology, taking advantages of synchrotron light brightness (million times brighter than sun), is capable of exploring the molecular chemistry or structure of a biological tissue without destruction inherent structures at ultra-spatial resolutions. In this article, a novel approach is introduced to show the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based analytical technology, which can be used to study plant-based food or feed protein molecular structure in relation to nutrient utilization and availability. Recent progress was reported on using synchrotron-based bioanalytical technique synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy to detect the effects of gene-transformation (Application 1), autoclaving (Application 2), and bio-ethanol processing (Application 3) on plant-based food and feed protein structure changes on a molecular basis. The synchrotron-based technology provides a new approach for plant-based protein structure research at ultra-spatial resolutions at cellular and molecular levels.

RENDENÇÃO E CONFORMISMO EM UMA LINDA MULHER Redenção e conformismo em Uma Linda Mulher

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Alexander Martins Vianna

2011-07-01

Full Text Available
Este artigo pretende demonstrar a forma como os temas da rendenção individual e do conformismo social são acionados no desenvolvimento da trama nostálgica e na caracterização dos personagens principais do filme “Uma Linda Mulherem>”, assim como, visa a demonstrar o quanto que tais temas estão referidos a um habitusem> culturalem> que determina escolhas conjunturais de estereótipos raciais/morais e de formas estéticas que configuram um tipo de emoção para o enredo que leva à aceitação da solução caridosa burguesa em>‘ style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Middle Classem>’, em chave protestante, de resgate moral e mobilidade social.
Este artigo pretende demonstrar a forma como os temas da rendenção individual e do conformismo social são acionados no desenvolvimento da trama nostálgica e na caracterização dos personagens principais do filme “Uma Linda Mulherem>”, assim como, visa a demonstrar o quanto que tais temas estão referidos a um habitusem> culturalem> que determina escolhas conjunturais de estereótipos raciais/morais e de formas estéticas que configuram um tipo de emoção para o enredo que leva à aceitação da <em style

NOMAD-Ref: visualization, deformation and refinement of macromolecular structures based on all-atom normal mode analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Lindahl, Erik; Azuara, Cyril; Koehl, Patrice; Delarue, Marc

2006-07-01

Normal mode analysis (NMA) is an efficient way to study collective motions in biomolecules that bypasses the computational costs and many limitations associated with full dynamics simulations. The NOMAD-Ref web server presented here provides tools for online calculation of the normal modes of large molecules (up to 100,000 atoms) maintaining a full all-atom representation of their structures, as well as access to a number of programs that utilize these collective motions for deformation and refinement of biomolecular structures. Applications include the generation of sets of decoys with correct stereochemistry but arbitrary large amplitude movements, the quantification of the overlap between alternative conformations of a molecule, refinement of structures against experimental data, such as X-ray diffraction structure factors or Cryo-EM maps and optimization of docked complexes by modeling receptor/ligand flexibility through normal mode motions. The server can be accessed at the URL http://lorentz.immstr.pasteur.fr/nomad-ref.php.

GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM DO NORDESTE EM DISCUSSÃO NA UFPI

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Maria do Livramento Fortes Figueiredo

2017-11-01

Piauí (PPGEnf/CCS/UFPI e de editores das revistas de Enfermagem: RENE, REBEN, REUOL e REUFPI. Na programação científica do V ENPGENE destacaram-se as conferências de abertura “Pós-Graduação na área de Enfermagem: cenário atual e visibilidade nacional e internacional”, proferida pela Profª Drª Carmen Gracinda Silvan Scochi (Representante da Área de Enfermagem na CAPES e a de encerramento “As contribuições da gestão superior para Pós-Graduação” proferida pela Profª Drª Nair Portela, Reitora da UFMA. Foram realizadas Oficinas Pré-Evento que possibilitaram ampla participação dos inscritos sobre as estratégias de busca nas bases de dados; as pesquisas de intervenção; a revisão sistemática, a análise de dados estatísticos e a aplicabilidade do software IRAMUTEC. As temáticas apresentadas nas Mesas Redondas fomentaram debates sobre aspectos éticos em pesquisa, diretrizes para publicações, financiamento em pesquisa, a evolução da Pós-graduação em Enfermagem e as Inovações tecnológicas, especialmente, no tocante, ao registro de marcas e patentes. Os participantes do V ENPGENE, que apresentaram trabalhos científicos nas modalidades Comunicação Oral e/ou Pôster, divulgaram os conhecimentos produzidos no âmbito dos programas. Foram premiados quatro dos dez melhores trabalhos na seção de Comunicação Oral, os quais receberam Menção Honrosa e a indicação para publicação em periódicos A2 e B1 bem como na Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI (REUFPI. Finalmente, durante o evento tivemos um espaço deliberativo - a Reunião de Coordenadores, com representação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação: UFPI, UNINOVAFAPI, UFMA, UFC e UFPB. Foram discutidos os avanços e desafios da pós-graduação no Nordeste, ao tempo em que foi definido que o Programa de Pós-Graduação da UFMA sediará o VI Encontro de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem do Nordeste em São Luís – Maranhão, em 2019. O evento foi bem avaliado pelos participantes

Mechanical properties of a high amylose content corn starch based film, gelatinized at low temperature Propriedades mecânicas de filme a base de amido de milho de alto teor de amilose gelatinizado em baixa temperatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Alejandra Bertuzzi

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In the present study, a better knowledge of the influence of plasticizer content, storage relative humidity and film thickness on the mechanical properties of high amylose corn starch based films gelatinized at low temperature, is presented. The mechanical properties, tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break of high amylose corn starch films plasticized with glycerol were evaluated using tension tests. The films exhibited an increase in elongation and a decrease in tensile strength with increasing plasticizer concentration. When the glycerol level was high, some fissures were detected in the dry films, possible due to phase separation (starch-glycerol phenomena. Film crystallinity is related to the reorganization capacity of the polymer chain, and thus the relative film crystallinity should increase with plasticizer content (glycerol and water. The mechanical properties were found to be strongly dependent on the water content due to the hydrophilic nature of starch films. The influence of moisture sorption on tensile strength was similar to that of plasticization with glycerol. The relationship between polymer chain mobility and water content explained this behavior. Elongation suffered a different effect and maximum values were reached at 45% relative humidity. The final drop in elongation was due to a softening of the structure at high relative humidity. The thicker the film the longer the drying time required, leading to greater relative crystallinity due to the corresponding increase in the possibility for chain reorganization. As a consequence, linear increases in tensile strength and elongation were observed with film thickness over the whole range studied (30 to 100 µm.No presente estudo, é apresentado um melhor conhecimento da influência do teor em plastificante, da umidade relativa de armazenamento e da espessura do filme nas propriedades mecânicas do filme baseado em amido de milho de alto conteúdo de amilose

Extraction Optimization of Water-Extracted Mycelial Polysaccharide from Endophytic Fungus Fusarium oxysporumem> Dzf17 by Response Surface Methodology

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Ligang Zhou

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Water-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (WPS from the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporumem> Dzf17 isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensisem> was found to be an efficient elicitor to enhance diosgenin accumulation in D. zingigerensisem> cultures, and also demonstrated antioxidant activity. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM was employed to optimize the extraction process of WPS from F>. oxysporumem> Dzf17 using Box-Behnken design (BBD. The ranges of the factors investigated were 1–3 h for extraction time (X>₁, 80–100 °C for extraction temperature (X>₂, and 20–40 (v/w for ratio of water volume (mL to raw material weight (g (X>₃. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the polynomial regression model was in good agreement with the experimental results with the determination coefficient (R>² of 0.9978. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface contour plots, the extraction parameters were optimized as 1.7 h for extraction time, 95 °C for extraction temperature, 39 (v/w for ratio of water volume (mL to raw material weight (g, and with 2 extractions. The maximum value (10.862% of WPS yield was obtained when the WPS extraction process was conducted under the optimal conditions.

A protein relational database and protein family knowledge bases to facilitate structure-based design analyses.

Science.gov (United States)

Mobilio, Dominick; Walker, Gary; Brooijmans, Natasja; Nilakantan, Ramaswamy; Denny, R Aldrin; Dejoannis, Jason; Feyfant, Eric; Kowticwar, Rupesh K; Mankala, Jyoti; Palli, Satish; Punyamantula, Sairam; Tatipally, Maneesh; John, Reji K; Humblet, Christine

2010-08-01

The Protein Data Bank is the most comprehensive source of experimental macromolecular structures. It can, however, be difficult at times to locate relevant structures with the Protein Data Bank search interface. This is particularly true when searching for complexes containing specific interactions between protein and ligand atoms. Moreover, searching within a family of proteins can be tedious. For example, one cannot search for some conserved residue as residue numbers vary across structures. We describe herein three databases, Protein Relational Database, Kinase Knowledge Base, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Knowledge Base, containing protein structures from the Protein Data Bank. In Protein Relational Database, atom-atom distances between protein and ligand have been precalculated allowing for millisecond retrieval based on atom identity and distance constraints. Ring centroids, centroid-centroid and centroid-atom distances and angles have also been included permitting queries for pi-stacking interactions and other structural motifs involving rings. Other geometric features can be searched through the inclusion of residue pair and triplet distances. In Kinase Knowledge Base and Matrix Metalloproteinase Knowledge Base, the catalytic domains have been aligned into common residue numbering schemes. Thus, by searching across Protein Relational Database and Kinase Knowledge Base, one can easily retrieve structures wherein, for example, a ligand of interest is making contact with the gatekeeper residue.

Tamper indicating and sensing optical-based smart structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sliva, P.; Anheier, N.C.; Gordon, N.R.; Simmons, K.L.; Stahl, K.A.; Undem, H.A.

1995-05-01

This paper has presented an overview of the type of optical-based structures that can be designed and constructed. These smart structures are capable of responding to their environment. The examples given represent a modest sampling of the complexity that can be achieved in both design and practice. Tamper-indicating containers and smart, sensing windows demonstrate just a few of the applications. We have shown that optical-based smart structures can be made multifunctional with the sensing built in. The next generation smart structure will combine the sensing functionality of these optical-based smart structures with other sensors such as piezoelectrics and electro-rheological fluids to not only be able to respond to the environment, but to adapt to it as well. An example of functionality in this regime would be a piezosensor that senses pressure changes (e.g., shock waves), which then causes an electro-rheological fluid to change viscosity. A fiber sensor located in or near the electro-rheological fluid senses the stiffness change and sends a signal through a feedback loop back to the piezosensor for additional adjustments to the electro-rheological fluid

Struttura di popolazione del Capriolo (Capreolus capreolusem> in relazione a habitat, densità e rischio predatorio

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Laura Bontardelli

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Roe deer (Capreolus capreolusem> population structure in relation to habitat, density and predation risk We compared sex and age structure of three roe deer Capreolus capreolusem> populations living under different condition of habitat, population density and risk of predation. A first population inhabited a 230 km² mountainous area from 800 and 2.000 m a.s.l. in the northern Apennines ("Parco del Gigante", population A. This area is covered by oak and beech woods, shrubs, grasslands and prairies and hosts two wolf packs. The second population was living in a hilly rural area ("Parco regionale dei Boschi di Carrega", population B of about 1600 hectares, characterised by oak and chestnut woods broken by meadows and winter wheat crops; no large carnivores were present. The third population occurred in an enclosure of about 68 hectares ("Oasi WWF Bosco di Vanzago", population C, in the Po Plain; this area is covered by deciduous mixed woods broken by crops and meadows without large carnivores. We monitored the first population since 1996 to 1998, while 2^nd and 3^rd was studied from 1993 to 1996. Densities were estimated by drive censuses; sex and age classes (young: <1 year old; subadult: 1-2 years; adult: >2 years were assessed by vantage-point counts, from November to February. Population density was 10 ind/km² in A study area, 40-50 ind/km² in B and 38-45 ind/km² in C. Population structure varied among the three study areas: young class was more represented in B, in spite of high population density, sub-adult class in C. Adults were prevailing in all three populations (more than 60% with the higher percentage in the C study area (70.6%. Sex ratio was equal only in B study area, while was in behalf of female in A and C populations. It seems that population structure depended on by all considered factors, even if in different way; it is problematic to individuate the

Base temperature and simulation model for nodes appearance in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L. Temperatura base e modelo de simulação da aparição de nós em plantas de fisalis(Physalis peruviana L.

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Melba Ruth Salazar

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Data was analyzed on development of the solanaceen fruit crop Cape gooseberry to evaluate how well a classical thermal time model could describe node appearance in different environments. The data used in the analysis were obtained from experiments conducted in Colombia in open fields and greenhouse condition at two locations with different climate. An empirical, non linear segmented model was used to estimate the base temperature and to parameterize the model for simulation of node appearance vs. time. The base temperature (Tb used to calculate the thermal time (TT, ºCd for node appearance was estimated to be 6.29 ºC. The slope of the first linear segment was 0.023 nodes per TT and 0.008 for the second linear segment. The time at which the slope of node apperance changed was 1039.5 ºCd after transplanting, determined from a statistical analysis of model for the first segment. When these coefficients were used to predict node appearance at all locations, the model successfully fit the observed data (RSME=2.1, especially for the first segment where node appearance was more homogeneous than the second segment. More nodes were produced by plants grown under greenhouse conditions and minimum and maximum rates of node appearance rates were also higher.Dados analisados durante o desenvolvimento de fisalis, espécie frutífera da família das solanáceas, foram usados para avaliar a aparição de nós em diferentes condições ambientais através de um modelo clássico termal de tempo. Os dados usados na análise foram obtidos de experimentos conduzidos em dois locais, com clima diferente, em campos abertos e em condições de estufa, na Colômbia. O modelo não-linear empírico segmentado foi usado para estimar a temperatura-base, e para estabelecer os parâmetros do modelo da simulação da aparição de nós em função do tempo. A temperatura-base (Tb usada para calcular o tempo termal (TT, ºCd para a aparição de nós foi 6,29 ºC. A inclina

A bricolage na pesquisa em educação em enfermagem: Relato de experiência

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Leonara Raddai Gunther de Campos

2016-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução: Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre a utilização da bricolage em uma pesquisa educacional em enfermagem. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do uso da bricolage. Métodos: Primeiramente, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o termo e sua utilização em meio científico, em seguida, as autoras apresentam a experiência da aplicação do método em uma pesquisa de Mestrado em Enfermagem. A bricolage possibilitou a combinação de estratégias para a construção dos dados, como a observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada, análise documental e gravação em áudio das sessões tutoriais. A análise dos dados foi uma etapa bem peculiar e criativa, onde as autoras, amparadas pela bricolage criaram seu próprio processo de análise. Conclusões: Dentre os principais resultados são ressaltados as vantagens proporcionadas pela utilização da bricolage, como a captação dos aspectos multilógicos dos fenômenos e desafios. Implicações para a prática: Este relato contribui com novas opções metodológicas para estudos em enfermagem.

Some remarks about biometric characters of skulls of Hippopotamus pentlandiem> Von Meyer (Cannita Cave, Sicily and pleistocene hippopotami of Western Europe / Osservazioni sui caratteri biometrici del cranio di Hippopotamus pentlandiem> Von Meyer della grotta della Cannita (Sicilia e degli ippopotami pleistocenici dell'Europa Occidentale

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Lucia Caloi

1986-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Biometric data from the examination of skulls of Hippopotamus pentlandiem> Von Meyer (Canninita cave, Palermo, Sicily are compared with the data relative to the skulls of two fossil hippos of european Pleistocene and of the living species Hippopotamus amphibiusem> Linnaeus. Even taking into account the inhomogeneity of the fossil specimens and the deformation suffered by the skulls of H. pentlandiem> from Cannita cave, the examination confirms on one hand the stronger affinity of the sicilian species with the living H. amphibiusem> and from the other hand the peculiarities that characterize this form with respect to the european continental ones. A comparative examination of the biometric characters of the skull of these latter species confirms the greater distance of H. antiquusem> Desmarest from the living species. It is stressed how the relations between the less bulky Pleistocene species (Hippopotamus incognitusem> Faure with H. antiquusem> and with the living H. amphibiusem> have not yet been completely clarified, owing both to the scantiness of the documentation and to the strong variability observed in the biometric characters of the few known skulls. It is noted how, in any case, this fossil form appears more similar to the living H. amphibiusem>. For the moment its distinction at a specific level is accepted, even if with reservation, taking into account also the distinctive elements recognized in the post-cranial skeleton (FAURE, 1985, not examined here. Riassunto Vengono analizzati e posti a confronto i dati biometrici ricavati dall'analisi dei crani di Hippopotamus pentlandiem> Von Heyer della Grotta della Cannita (Palermo, Sicilia, degli ippopotami fossili del Pleistocene continentale europeo e della specie vivente Hippopotamus amphibiusem> Linnaeus. Vengono da un lato confermate le maggiori affinità tra H. pentlandiem

Low Bandwidth Vocoding using EM Sensor and Acoustic Signal Processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ng, L C; Holzrichter, J F; Larson, P E

2001-01-01

Low-power EM radar-like sensors have made it possible to measure properties of the human speech production system in real-time, without acoustic interference [1]. By combining these data with the corresponding acoustic signal, we've demonstrated an almost 10-fold bandwidth reduction in speech compression, compared to a standard 2.4 kbps LPC10 protocol used in the STU-III (Secure Terminal Unit, third generation) telephone. This paper describes a potential EM sensor/acoustic based vocoder implementation

A import??ncia do mapeamento de processos em uma startup

OpenAIRE

Neves, Ana Carolina Coelho

2016-01-01

O artigo aborda a import??ncia de mapeamento de processos em uma startup. Com base no referencial te??rico sobre empreendedorismo, cen??rios, startups e mapeamento de processos, identificou-se a import??ncia do mapeamento de processos para as startups. Os objetivos de identificar se as startups possuem mapeamento de processo; identificar em qual momento de ciclo de vida uma startup deve desenvolver um mapeamento de processo; e identificar se o mapeamento de processos gera melhoria para uma st...

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Generalized structured component analysis a component-based approach to structural equation modeling

CERN Document Server

Hwang, Heungsun

2014-01-01

Winner of the 2015 Sugiyama Meiko Award (Publication Award) of the Behaviormetric Society of Japan Developed by the authors, generalized structured component analysis is an alternative to two longstanding approaches to structural equation modeling: covariance structure analysis and partial least squares path modeling. Generalized structured component analysis allows researchers to evaluate the adequacy of a model as a whole, compare a model to alternative specifications, and conduct complex analyses in a straightforward manner. Generalized Structured Component Analysis: A Component-Based Approach to Structural Equation Modeling provides a detailed account of this novel statistical methodology and its various extensions. The authors present the theoretical underpinnings of generalized structured component analysis and demonstrate how it can be applied to various empirical examples. The book enables quantitative methodologists, applied researchers, and practitioners to grasp the basic concepts behind this new a...

Neighboring Structure Visualization on a Grid-based Layout.

Science.gov (United States)

Marcou, G; Horvath, D; Varnek, A

2017-10-01

Here, we describe an algorithm to visualize chemical structures on a grid-based layout in such a way that similar structures are neighboring. It is based on structure reordering with the help of the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion, representing an empirical estimate of the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the cross-covariance operator. The method can be applied to any layout of bi- or three-dimensional shape. The approach is demonstrated on a set of dopamine D5 ligands visualized on squared, disk and spherical layouts. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Enfermagem em cardiologia baseada em evidência

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Eneida Rejane Rabelo da Silva

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo apresentamos, dentro do cenário cardiovascular, estudos recentes do nosso grupo. Buscando melhores evidências de enfermagem investigamos por meio de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR estratégias de educação e acompanhamento destes pacientes (pctes. O primeiro ECR avaliou o impacto da educação individual e da orientação em grupo no conhecimento sobre doença e autocuidado em pctes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC. No grupo intervenção, houve uma melhora do conhecimento dos cuidados essenciais (controle de sal e da ingesta hídrica, peso diário, realização de atividade física P=0,008, demonstrando que o atendimento em grupo é semelhante ao individual. No ambiente hospitalar, segundo ECR, comparamos o efeito da educação de enfermagem e seguimento telefônico após alta versus educação sem a monitorização por telefone. Demonstramos que intervenção educativa durante a internação melhora o conhecimento da doença, autocuidado e qualidade de vida (P

A new karyotype of Calomyscus> from the Khorasan Province, Iran

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Esmaeeli Somayeh

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract We report a new karyotype of Calomyscus> from two localities of the Khorasan Province (Aghdarband, 36° 11’ 3”N, 60° 44’ 6” E and Khajemorad, 36° 8’ 5” N, 59° 41’ 58” E. Chromosomes were examined by conventional staining and C-banding techniques. The diploid chromosome number (2n and the fundamental autosomal arm number (FNa were 44 and 60 respectively. The autosomal set consisted of 12 pairs of telocentrics, 5 pairs of acrocentrics and 4 pairs of sub-metacentrics. Both heterosomes were small telocentrics. Riassunto Un nuovo cariotipo del genere Calomyscus> dalla provincia di Khorasan, Iran. Si descrive un nuovo cariotipo appartenente al genere Calomyscus>, scoperto in due località della provincia di Khorasan (Aghdarband, 36° 11’ 3”N, 60° 44’ 6” E e Khajemorad, 36° 8’ 5” N, 59° 41’ 58” E. I cromosomi sono stati analizzati con le tecniche standard di colorazione e bandeggio. Il numero diploide di cromosomi (2n e il numero fondamentale di bracci autosomici sono risultati pari a 44 e 60 rispettivamente. Il set di cromosomi autosomici è composto da 12 paia di telocentrici, 5 di acrocentrici e 4 di sub-metacentrici. Entrambi i cromosomi sessuali si presentano come piccoli telocentrici.

Multifunction waveform generator for EM receiver testing

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Kai; Jin, Sheng; Deng, Ming

2018-01-01

In many electromagnetic (EM) methods - such as magnetotelluric, spectral-induced polarization (SIP), time-domain-induced polarization (TDIP), and controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT) methods - it is important to evaluate and test the EM receivers during their development stage. To assess the performance of the developed EM receivers, controlled synthetic data that simulate the observed signals in different modes are required. In CSAMT and SIP mode testing, the waveform generator should use the GPS time as the reference for repeating schedule. Based on our testing, the frequency range, frequency precision, and time synchronization of the currently available function waveform generators on the market are deficient. This paper presents a multifunction waveform generator with three waveforms: (1) a wideband, low-noise electromagnetic field signal to be used for magnetotelluric, audio-magnetotelluric, and long-period magnetotelluric studies; (2) a repeating frequency sweep square waveform for CSAMT and SIP studies; and (3) a positive-zero-negative-zero signal that contains primary and secondary fields for TDIP studies. In this paper, we provide the principles of the above three waveforms along with a hardware design for the generator. Furthermore, testing of the EM receiver was conducted with the waveform generator, and the results of the experiment were compared with those calculated from the simulation and theory in the frequency band of interest.

Depressive symptoms and motor performance in the elderly: a population based study Sintomas depressivos e desempenho motor em idosos: estudo de base populacional

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Kleyton T. Santos

2012-08-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: There is a growing incidence of depression in the elderly, and this impairment interferes directly in the reduction of motor skills. OBJECTVE: This study aims to examine the association between depressive symptoms and motor performance in community-dwelling elderly. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 316 elders of a home and population-based epidemiological survey. The information used was: socio-demographic characteristics; motor performance tests; physical activity; and Geriatric Depression Scale. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, Spearman correlation and Poisson regression, with a confidence interval of 95%, were calculated. RESULTS: For all motor tests, motor performance was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, regardless of gender, age, literacy and illiteracy, per capita income and physical activity. Elderly people with depressive symptoms have between 58% and 82% more functional limitation, depending on the motor performance test compared to those who were not depressed. CONCLUSIONS: There is an inverse relationship between depressive symptoms and motor performance in the elderly.CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: É crescente a ocorrência de depressão em idosos, e esse acometimento interfere diretamente na redução da capacidade motora. OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre sintomas depressivos e desempenho motor em idosos residentes na comunidade. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que analisou dados de 316 idosos de uma pesquisa epidemiológica de base domiciliar e populacional. As informações usadas foram: características sociodemográficas; testes de desempenho motor; atividade física e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Os dados foram analisados no The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, sendo realizados testes U de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado, Correlação de Spearman e regressão de Poisson, com

ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM UM CURSO DE HOTELARIA DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO: PERCEPÇÕES DE ALUNOS EM UMA NOVA ABORDAGEM DE ANÁLISE

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Karin Decker

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Pesquisa exploratória sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem com o objetivo de identificar a natureza do ensino superior no contexto de uma sala de aula monocultural, como parte de um estudo mais amplo envolvendo ambientes multiculturais no Instituto de Educação Superior de Glion (Suíça. Com base em fundamentos teóricos do sense making, e a partir de observações em salas de aula e grupos focais com alunos do curso de Hotelaria da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, descreve e analisa os resultados em cinco categorias interpretativas: vocação profissional, experiência de mercado, estratégias de ensino, aprendizagem e processo, e vínculo. Destaca que os alunos questionam a ação pedagógica do professor de forma atuante e crítica. Conclui que se evidencia maior maturidade dos alunos em relação à figura do professor e as expectativas geradas por este processo.

Viabilidade econômica da inclusão de óleo de girassol em dieta à base de cana-de-açúcar para vacas em lactação

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M.A. Lopes

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade econômica da produção de leite de vacas Holandês x Gir, pela inclusão de níveis crescentes de óleo de girassol (0,0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5% na matéria seca de dietas baseadas em cana-de-açúcar. Os dados utilizados no estudo foram obtidos de experimento realizado com 12 vacas Holandês x Gir, multíparas, com produção média de 18,2kg/dia de leite, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 4 x 4, conforme a produção de leite, a ordem de lactação e o peso corpóreo. As dietas foram isoproteicas, fornecidas ad libitum na forma de mistura total (relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, base matéria seca, e os consumos das vacas determinados diariamente. As produções individuais diárias de leite foram registradas, e sua composição foi analisada quanto aos teores de gordura, proteína e ácidos graxos. A viabilidade econômica foi realizada considerando-se os preços dos ingredientes fornecidos e o consumo diário da dieta de cada tratamento. O benefício econômico foi obtido pela diferença entre a receita, com a venda do leite, e o custo com alimentação dos animais. O pagamento por qualidade foi estimado pela média de oito sistemas utilizados por empresas do ramo de laticínios, com base nos teores de gordura, proteína e no volume de leite. A dieta sem inclusão de OG foi a que proporcionou maior benefício econômico. A inclusão de OG nas dietas baseadas em cana-de-açúcar não foi viável, economicamente, devido aos gastos adicionais com OG e às penalizações resultantes da redução dos teores de proteína e de gordura do leite.

Analysis of a Frame-Shear Wall Concrete Structure by Using Base Isolation and Evaluation of Structure-Soil Interaction

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H. I. Polat

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A base isolation system is a type of earthquake-resistant structure design approach based on the principle of reducing a structure’s earthquake response rather than increasing the structure’s earthquake resistance capacity. Seismic base isolated structures have the ability to make large displacements relative to the level of insulation elements. This means that a large structure performs very small displacements between floors during an earthquake and exhibits a rigid body behavior. At this point, the earthquake forces acting on the structure decrease along with the floors. In this article a school building composed of frame-shear wall is resolved primarily with the traditional fixed base structure system, mode shapes are found and periods are obtained. For earthquake response analysis, earthquake loads are distributed to the floors using the equivalent seismic load method and structural elements experiencing capacity problems are found. Then, using the earthquake record, larger failure of cross sections and capacity problems are obtained compared to the first method. In the second stage, the same structure is dissolved again by placing the lead core rubber base isolators between the base and the vertical structural members. The periods of structures under earthquake load have increased significantly by utilizing base isolation, as a result of that spectral accelerations decreased. Thus, large decreases in the shear forces acting to the structure are determined and failures of cross sections are removed.

Label-free visualization of ultrastructural features of artificial synapses via cryo-EM.

Science.gov (United States)

Gopalakrishnan, Gopakumar; Yam, Patricia T; Madwar, Carolin; Bostina, Mihnea; Rouiller, Isabelle; Colman, David R; Lennox, R Bruce

2011-12-21

The ultrastructural details of presynapses formed between artificial substrates of submicrometer silica beads and hippocampal neurons are visualized via cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The silica beads are derivatized by poly-d-lysine or lipid bilayers. Molecular features known to exist at presynapses are clearly present at these artificial synapses, as visualized by cryo-EM. Key synaptic features such as the membrane contact area at synaptic junctions, the presynaptic bouton containing presynaptic vesicles, as well as microtubular structures can be identified. This is the first report of the direct, label-free observation of ultrastructural details of artificial synapses.

Governanca em enfermagem: revisao integrativa da literatura

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Jose Luis Guedes dos Santos

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar os tipos de governança em enfermagem, destacando seu impacto na prática dos enfermeiros e no cuidado em saúde. Trata-se de revisão integrativa a partir das bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS e na biblioteca eletrônica SciELO, de 2007 a 2011, com os descritores Governança /Governance e Enfermagem/ Nursing, totalizando 25 artigos. Foram identificados três modelos de governança, estudados principalmente nos Estados Unidos e Inglaterra: governança compartilhada, governança clínica e governança pública. Entre os impactos desses modelos, destacam-se: melhoria da qualidade assistencial, maior autonomia profissional dos enfermeiros, melhoria da articulação entre os serviços de saúde e maior satisfação profissional entre enfermeiros. Pontua-se a necessidade da realização de estudos sobre a temática na América Latina, com o intuito de avaliar sua aplicabilidade em diferentes contextos.

Gradient-based optimization in nonlinear structural dynamics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dou, Suguang

The intrinsic nonlinearity of mechanical structures can give rise to rich nonlinear dynamics. Recently, nonlinear dynamics of micro-mechanical structures have contributed to developing new Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), for example, atomic force microscope, passive frequency divider......, frequency stabilization, and disk resonator gyroscope. For advanced design of these structures, it is of considerable value to extend current optimization in linear structural dynamics into nonlinear structural dynamics. In this thesis, we present a framework for modelling, analysis, characterization......, and optimization of nonlinear structural dynamics. In the modelling, nonlinear finite elements are used. In the analysis, nonlinear frequency response and nonlinear normal modes are calculated based on a harmonic balance method with higher-order harmonics. In the characterization, nonlinear modal coupling...

Structure and function based design of Plasmodium-selective proteasome inhibitors

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hao; O'Donoghue, Anthony J.; van der Linden, Wouter A.; Xie, Stanley C.; Yoo, Euna; Foe, Ian T.; Tilley, Leann; Craik, Charles S.; da Fonseca, Paula C. A.; Bogyo, Matthew

2016-01-01

The proteasome is a multi-component protease complex responsible for regulating key processes such as the cell cycle and antigen presentation1. Compounds that target the proteasome are potentially valuable tools for the treatment of pathogens that depend on proteasome function for survival and replication. In particular, proteasome inhibitors have been shown to be toxic for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum at all stages of its life cycle2-5. Most compounds that have been tested against the parasite also inhibit the mammalian proteasome resulting in toxicity that precludes their use as therapeutic agents2,6. Therefore, better definition of the substrate specificity and structural properties of the Plasmodium proteasome could enable the development of compounds with sufficient selectivity to allow their use as anti-malarial agents. To accomplish this goal, we used a substrate profiling method to uncover differences in the specificities of the human and P. falciparum proteasome. We designed inhibitors based on amino acid preferences specific to the parasite proteasome, and found that they preferentially inhibit the β 2 subunit. We determined the structure of the P. falciparum 20S proteasome bound to the inhibitor using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single particle analysis, to a resolution of 3.6 Å. These data reveal the unusually open P. falciparum β2 active site and provide valuable information regarding active site architecture that can be used to further refine inhibitor design. Furthermore, consistent with the recent finding that the proteasome is important for stress pathways associated with resistance of artemisinin (ART) family anti-malarials7,8, we observed growth inhibition synergism with low doses of this β 2 selective inhibitor in ART sensitive and resistant parasites. Finally, we demonstrated that a parasite selective inhibitor could be used to attenuate parasite growth in vivo without significant toxicity to the host. Thus, the

Combining ground-based and airborne EM through Artificial Neural Networks for modelling glacial till under saline groundwater conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gunnink, J.L.; Bosch, A.; Siemon, B.

2012-01-01

Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods supply data over large areas in a cost-effective way. We used ArtificialNeural Networks (ANN) to classify the geophysical signal into a meaningful geological parameter. By using examples of known relations between ground-based geophysical data (in this case...... electrical conductivity, EC, from electrical cone penetration tests) and geological parameters (presence of glacial till), we extracted learning rules that could be applied to map the presence of a glacial till using the EC profiles from the airborne EM data. The saline groundwater in the area was obscuring...

Caroço de algodão em dietas à base de palma forrageira para vacas leiteiras: síntese de proteína microbiana Whole cottonseed in forage cactus based diets: synthesis of microbial protein

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Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de caroço de algodão em substituição parcial à silagem de sorgo e ao farelo de soja em dietas à base de palma forrageira sobre a produção de proteína microbiana, a eficiência de síntese de proteína microbiana e as concentrações de uréia na urina e de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite de vacas holandesas em lactação. Foram utilizados cinco animais aos 50 dias de lactação, distribuídos em quadrado latino 5 × 5. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis (0,0; 6,25; 12,50; 18,75 e 25,00% de inclusão de caroço de algodão na MS da dieta. A inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta não influenciou a síntese de nitrogênio ou proteína microbiana, cujos valores médios foram 295,08 e 1.844,27 g/dia, respectivamente. As eficiências de síntese de nitrogênio e proteína microbiana diminuíram linearmente, em proporções de 0,30 e 1,43 g para cada 1% de caroço de algodão na dieta, respectivamente. Os níveis de uréia na urina e de uréia e N-uréia no plasma e no leite não foram afetados pela inclusão de caroço de algodão na dieta. Portanto, em dietas à base de palma forrageira, a inclusão de caroço de algodão em níveis de até 25% da MS não interfere na síntese de proteína microbiana e nas concentrações de uréia.The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of partial replacement of sorghum silage and soybean meal with whole cottonseed on microbial protein synthesis and efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein cows receiving forage cactus based diets. Five animals were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design and were fed diets containing (% of DM: 0.0, 6.25, 12.50, 18.75, and 25.00% of whole cottonseed. Inclusion of whole cottonseed in the diet did not affect microbial nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis, which averaged 295.08 and 1844.27 g/day, respectively. Microbial protein synthesis and microbial nitrogen

Protective Effect of T. violaceaem> Rhizome Extract Against Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

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Olorunnisola Sinbad Olorunnisola

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The present study examines the effect of methanolic extract of T. violaceaem> rhizomes on high cholesterol (2% diet fed rats (HCD. At the end of 4 weeks, serum total protein, albumin, reduced glutathione (GSH, and markers of oxidative stress viz., catalase (CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS—a marker of lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase (GST and glutathione peroxidase (GPx in the serum, aorta, liver and heart of HCD and normal rats were assessed and compared. A significant (p> < 0.05 elevation in TBARS, and a reduction (p> < 0.05 in serum total protein, albumin, GSH and antioxidant enzyme activities was observed in tissues of HCD fed rats compared with the normal group. Co-administration of crude extracts of T. violaceaem> rhizomes protected the liver, heart, serum and aorta against HCD-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose dependant manner. The activities of the extract (500 mg/kg compared favorably with gemfibrozil. The extracts also protected against HCD-induced reduction in serum total protein, GSH and restored the activities of antioxidant tissues (liver, heart and aorta enzymes to near normal values. This result suggested that consumption of T. violaceaem> rhizome may help to protect against hypercholesterolemia- induced oxidative stress diseases in the heart and liver.

Fatores de Influência no Processo de Inovação em Empresas de Base Tecnológica = Influence Factors in the Innovation Process Technology Based Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aléssio Bessa Sarquis

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A inovação é uma estratégia fundamental no setor de base tecnológica. O processo de gestão é influenciado por diferentes fatores do ambiente interno e externo da organização. Assim, o presente estudo buscou analisar os fatores de influência no processo de inovação nas empresas de base tecnológica do Polo Tecnológico de Florianópolis/SC. A coleta de dados primários envolveu a aplicação de pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva não conclusiva, na forma de levantamento de campo (survey, de corte transversal, em 96 empresas de base tecnológica, por meio de questionário autoadministrado e pré-testado. Os resultados apontaram como principais fatores de influência os seguintes: disponibilidade de recursos financeiros/tecnológicos externos; apoio de governo, agências de fomento e associações empresariais; participação de clientes e técnicos externos (fatores do ambiente externo; existência de processo de inovação estruturado; disponibilidade de recursos internos; cultura organizacional favorável à inovação (fatores do ambiente interno.Innovation is a key strategy in technology-based industry, and the management process influenced by different factors of the internal and external environment of the organization. The present study investigates the influence of factors in the innovation process in technology-based companies in the Technological Pole of Florianópolis/SC. The primary data collection involved the application of quantitative research, no conclusive descriptive, in the form of survey, cross-sectional in 96 technology-based companies, through self-administered questionnaire and pre-tested. The results showed the following main influencing factors: availability of financial resources and external technology; support of government, development agencies and business associations; participation of customers and external experts (the external environment factors; existence of structured innovation process

Embodiment in cognitive linguistic: from experientialism to computational neuroscience Corporeidade em linguística cognitiva: do experiencialismo à neurociência computacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heloísa Pedroso de Moraes Feltes

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to reflect on the character of embodiment in the framework of Cognitive Linguistics based on Lakoff, collaborators and interlocutors. Initially I characterize the embodied mind, via cognitive experientialism. In these terms, the theory shapes how human beings build and process knowledge structures which regulate their individual and collective lives. Next, the Neural Theory of Language in which embodiment is rebuilt from a five level paradigm, where structured connectionism carries on the very burden of computational description and explanation is discussed. From these assumption, classical problems about computational implementations for models of natural language functioning as reductionist-physicalist approaches, I then conclude by assuming that embodiment, as an investigation phenomenon, shouldn't be formulated in terms of levels, being treated as interfaces instead, at such manner that: (a the epistemological commitments should be synchronically sustained in all interfaces of the investigation paradigm; (b the conventional computational level should be taken as one of the problems which has to be treated in the structured connectionism plan; (c the strategic reduction levels paradigm and the results obtained from it might imply a kind of modularization of the program of research itself; e (d the modules would be interdependent only as a result of the reductionist proposal. As a result, I assume that it is possible to do Cognitive Linguistics without adhering to structured connectionism, or to neurocomputacional simulation, as long as one would operate with interfaces constructions between domains of investigation and not with a reductionist features paradigm treated in terms of "levels".Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre o caráter da corporeidade no quadro da Lingüística Cognitiva associada a Lakoff, colaboradores e interlocutores. Inicia-se com a caracterização de mente corpórea, via experiencialismo

Gradientes térmicos em whitetopping ultradelgado na pista experimental instrumentada na USP

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Deividi da Silva Pereira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available
Este trabalho apresenta, primeiramente, uma sucinta descrição da execução de um trecho experimental de Whitetopping em>Ultradelgado (WTUD no campus da Universidade de São Paulo (USP bem como de sua instrumentação. São apresentados e discutidos os resultados referentes a temperaturas obtidos por esta instrumentação durante o outono, analisando as diferenças encontradas nos diferenciais térmicos para placas de diferentes dimensões, obtidos por termoresistores instalados nos cantos, bordas e centro das mesmas. Com base em medidas de deformação obtidas por strain-gages em>são avaliados valores típicos das tensões induzidas no WTUD pelo efeito isolado do gradiente térmico sobre as placas de concreto de cimento Portland (CCP.

NÍVEIS DE HISTAMINA EM DIFERENTES MICROVINIFICAÇÕES

OpenAIRE

Simone Bertazzo Rossato

2005-01-01

A histamina é uma base orgânica que desempenha importante função fisiológica e metabólica nos organismos vivos. É formada durante processos metabólicos normais e através de atividade enzimática de microorganismos durante fermentação ou deterioração. A ingestão desta substância pode causar problemas quando for em grande quantidade, quando o mecanismo de eliminação for deficiente ou ainda quando potencializadores estiverem presentes. A quantidade de histamina em alimentos varia bastante, sendo ...

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Microphysical structure of simulated marine stratocumulus: Effects of physical and numerical approximations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stevens, B.; Cotton, W.R. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States); Feingold, G. [Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmospheric (CIRA), Fort Collins, CO (United States)

1996-04-01

Over the past decade or so the evolution and equilibria of persistent decks of stratocumulus climatologically clinging to the edge of summertime subtropical highs have been an issue of increased scientific inquiry. The particular interest in the microphysical structure of these clouds stems from a variety of hypotheses which suggest that anthropogenic influences or biogenic feedbacks may alter the structure of these clouds in a climatically significant manner. Most of these hypotheses are quite tentative, based as they are on simple formulations of boundary layer structures and interactions between drops and aerosols. This work is concerned with an assessment of the microphysical structure of marine stratocumulus as simulated by an LES-EM model.

Forest structure and stem volume assessment based on airborne laser scanning / Avaliação da estrutura florestal e do volume de madeira a partir de laser aerotransportado

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Markus Hollaus

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a methodology for the derivation of structural parameters and stem volume in forests based on Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS data. We describe three different measures of horizontal and vertical canopy structure: (1 tree crown segmentation, (2 compactness of vegetation patches, and (3 vertical layering of vegetation patches and canopy cover. An empirical regression model for the derivation of stem volume from the ALS and forest inventory sample plot data is described and its results are validated with extensive reference data. Different study areas in Austria were used to illustrate the workflows. The presented study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed methods on study sites and ALS data of differing characteristics, as well as it points out the suitability of ALS as a tool for reliable wide area assessment of structural parameters and stem volume for forested areas.ResumoEsse artigo apresenta uma metodologia para derivação de parâmetros estruturais e de volume de madeira em florestas baseado em dados de Laser Scanner Aerotransportado (ALS. Nós descrevemos três diferentes medidas da estrutura horizontal e vertical da copa: (1 segmentação da copa da árvore, (2 compacidade das manchas de vegetação, (3 estratificação vertical das manchas de vegetação e cobertura do dossel. Um modelo empírico de regressão para derivar o volume de madeira fazendo uso de dados ALS e dados amostrais obtidos em inventário florestal é descrito e seus resultados são validados com extensivos dados de referência. Diferentes áreas na Áustria foram utilizadas para ilustrar o fluxo de trabalho. O estudo apresentado demonstra a aplicabilidade dos métodos propostos nas áreas de estudo e dos dados ALS de diferentes características, bem como aponta a adequação do ALS como ferramenta confiável para avaliação de parâmetros de estrutura e de volume de madeira de amplas áreas florestais.

Peak-Broadening of Floor Response Spectra for Base Isolated Nuclear Structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ju, Heekun; Choun, Young-Sun; Kim, Min-Kyu

2015-01-01

In this paper, uncertainties in developing FRS are explained first. Then FDRS of a fixed structure is computed using a conventional method as an example. Lastly FRS of a base-isolated structure is computed and suitability of current peak-broadening method is examined. Uncertainties in the material property of structure influence FRS of fixed structures significantly, but their effect on FRS of base-isolated structures is negligible. Nuclear structures should be designed to ensure the safety of equipment and components mounted on their floors. However, coupled analysis of a structure and components is complex, so equipment is separately analyzed using floor response spectra (FRS). FRS calculated from dynamic analysis of structural model should be modified to create floor design response spectra (FDRS), the input for seismic design of equipment. For nuclear structures, smoothing and broadening peaks of FRS is required to account for uncertainties owing to material properties of structures, soil, modeling techniques, and others. The peak broadening method proposed for fixed based structures may not be appropriate for base-isolated structures because of additional uncertainties in the property of isolation bearings. For base-isolated structures, mechanical property of isolator plays a dominant role on the change of FRS. As base-isolated nuclear plants should meet the ASCE provisions, uncertainty in the isolation system would be around 10%. For the base isolated 3-storied beam model with 2.5-sec isolation period, 6.9% of broadening ratio was enough for development of FDRS at the required variation condition. Also for the models with various isolation periods, less than 10% of broadening ratio was sufficient

Ultrasound-Promoted One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Spiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrazolo[1,2-b>]phthalazine] Derivatives>

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Daqing Shi

2012-07-01

Full Text Available A series of 3'-aminospiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrazolo[1,2-b>]phthalazine]-2,5',10'-trione derivatives have been synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction of isatin, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by piperidine under ultrasound irradiation. For comparison the reactions were carried out under both conventional and ultrasonic conditions. In general, improvement in rates and yields were observed when the reactions were carried out under sonication compared with classical conditions.

The EM Earthquake Precursor

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, K. B., II; Saxton, P. T.

2013-12-01

Many attempts have been made to determine a sound forecasting method regarding earthquakes and warn the public in turn. Presently, the animal kingdom leads the precursor list alluding to a transmission related source. By applying the animal-based model to an electromagnetic (EM) wave model, various hypotheses were formed, but the most interesting one required the use of a magnetometer with a differing design and geometry. To date, numerous, high-end magnetometers have been in use in close proximity to fault zones for potential earthquake forecasting; however, something is still amiss. The problem still resides with what exactly is forecastable and the investigating direction of EM. After the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, American earthquake investigators predetermined magnetometer use and a minimum earthquake magnitude necessary for EM detection. This action was set in motion, due to the extensive damage incurred and public outrage concerning earthquake forecasting; however, the magnetometers employed, grounded or buried, are completely subject to static and electric fields and have yet to correlate to an identifiable precursor. Secondly, there is neither a networked array for finding any epicentral locations, nor have there been any attempts to find even one. This methodology needs dismissal, because it is overly complicated, subject to continuous change, and provides no response time. As for the minimum magnitude threshold, which was set at M5, this is simply higher than what modern technological advances have gained. Detection can now be achieved at approximately M1, which greatly improves forecasting chances. A propagating precursor has now been detected in both the field and laboratory. Field antenna testing conducted outside the NE Texas town of Timpson in February, 2013, detected three strong EM sources along with numerous weaker signals. The antenna had mobility, and observations were noted for recurrence, duration, and frequency response. Next, two

Identificação de áreas para recomposição florestal com base em princípios de ecologia de paisagem

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Ferraz Sílvio Frosini de Barros

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O manejo de áreas florestais com base em princípios de ecologia da paisagem é uma tendência do setor florestal, que tem como proposta o gerenciamento integrado dos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais da atividade produtiva, envolvendo decisões complexas que podem ser auxiliadas pelas técnicas de geoprocessamento. No presente trabalho objetivou-se o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para aplicação dos conceitos de ecologia de paisagem no planejamento do uso da terra em áreas de reflorestamento, por meio da utilização de um sistema de informações geográficas. Para tal, utilizou-se como área de estudo uma fazenda de reflorestamento da International Paper do Brasil, tendo sido estabelecidos cinco critérios para determinação de áreas para recomposição: fertilidade dos solos, mata nativa existente, corpos d'água, declividade e suscetibilidade à erosão. Esses fatores foram analisados, empregando-se os recursos de decisão multicritérios, em ambiente SIG. Como resultado foi obtido um mapa com áreas adequadas à recomposição florestal, segundo os critérios adotados. Com este mapa realizou-se uma simulação, alocando uma nova área de floresta nativa, e o resultado foi avaliado em nível de paisagem por meio de índices apropriados.

Graph-based linear scaling electronic structure theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niklasson, Anders M. N., E-mail: amn@lanl.gov; Negre, Christian F. A.; Cawkwell, Marc J.; Swart, Pieter J.; Germann, Timothy C.; Bock, Nicolas [Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Mniszewski, Susan M.; Mohd-Yusof, Jamal; Wall, Michael E.; Djidjev, Hristo [Computer, Computational, and Statistical Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Rubensson, Emanuel H. [Division of Scientific Computing, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Box 337, SE-751 05 Uppsala (Sweden)

2016-06-21

We show how graph theory can be combined with quantum theory to calculate the electronic structure of large complex systems. The graph formalism is general and applicable to a broad range of electronic structure methods and materials, including challenging systems such as biomolecules. The methodology combines well-controlled accuracy, low computational cost, and natural low-communication parallelism. This combination addresses substantial shortcomings of linear scaling electronic structure theory, in particular with respect to quantum-based molecular dynamics simulations.

An Oxidase-Based Electrochemical Fluidic Sensor with High-Sensitivity and Low-Interference by On-Chip Oxygen Manipulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-Soo Kim

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Utilizing a simple fluidic structure, we demonstrate the improved performance of oxidase-based enzymatic biosensors. Electrolysis of water is utilized to generate bubbles to manipulate the oxygen microenvironment close to the biosensor in a fluidic channel. For the proper enzyme reactions to occur, a simple mechanical procedure of manipulating bubbles was developed to maximize the oxygen level while minimizing the pH change after electrolysis. The sensors show improved sensitivities based on the oxygen dependency of enzyme reaction. In addition, this oxygen-rich operation minimizes the ratio of electrochemical interference signal by ascorbic acid during sensor operation (i.e.>, amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. Although creatinine sensors have been used as the model system in this study, this method is applicable to many other biosensors that can use oxidase enzymes (e.g., glucose, alcohol, phenol, etc>. to implement a viable component for in-line fluidic sensor systems.

Superconducting Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) system for Grumman Maglev concept

Science.gov (United States)

Kalsi, Swarn S.

1994-01-01

The Grumman developed Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) Maglev system has the following key characteristics: a large operating airgap--40 mm; levitation at all speeds; both high speed and low speed applications; no deleterious effects on SC coils at low vehicle speeds; low magnetic field at the SC coil--less than 0.35 T; no need to use non-magnetic/non-metallic rebar in the guideway structure; low magnetic field in passenger cabin--approximately 1 G; low forces on the SC coil; employs state-of-the-art NbTi wire; no need for an active magnet quench protection system; and lower weight than a magnet system with copper coils. The EMS Maglev described in this paper does not require development of any new technologies. The system could be built with the existing SC magnet technology.

Adição de resíduo do polimento de porcelanato em argamassas de restauro à base de cal

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S. B. Breitenbach

Full Text Available Resumo As argamassas de revestimento aplicadas ao restauro de obras e edifícios históricos devem ser compatíveis com os materiais pré-existentes, contribuindo com a preservação e reabilitação do patrimônio edificado sem comprometimento de seu valor arquitetônico. As argamassas mais empregadas no restauro de edifícios antigos são os traços de cal e agregado miúdo na razão de 1:3 por não serem tão duras quanto as de cimento. O desempenho e a durabilidade dessas argamassas podem ser melhorados, reduzindo o número de intervenções. A adição de resíduos finos pode contribuir com estes objetivos por meio do preenchimento de poros da argamassa no estado endurecido. O resíduo do polimento do porcelanato (RPP possui granulometria fina e pode ser aplicado substituindo parcialmente o agregado miúdo. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição de RPP em argamassas de restauro à base de cal, substituindo o agregado fino. Concentrações entre 5 e 30% foram estudadas e o comportamento comparado ao da argamassa padrão. Foram realizados ensaios de consistência, densidade de massa aparente, retenção de água e teor de ar incorporado no estado fresco. Para a avaliação do estado endurecido, foram moldados corpos de prova prismáticos ensaiados aos 90 dias de idade para avaliação da resistência mecânica à tração, flexão e compressão e aderência. Todos os ensaios realizados são normatizados pela ABNT. Os resultados mostraram que a substituição de areia por RPP resultou em maior densidade e compacidade em consequência da diminuição no teor de ar incorporado. As argamassas com concentrações de RPP entre 10 e 20% apresentaram melhor conjunto de propriedades no estado endurecido, com ganho em retração livre, maior resistência mecânica e aderência. A adição de RPP em substituição parcial da areia resultou em argamassas com melhor desempenho que sugere maior durabilidade, contribuindo para o

Generalização de modelos digitais de terreno com base em transformada wavelet

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Clovis Gaboardi

Full Text Available Os sistemas de laser scanner permitem a obtenção de modelos digitais de terreno de alta resolução e exatidão. Porém, quando se necessita trabalhar em aplicações com uma resolução menor que a originalmente gerada, a grande quantidade de dados acarreta a necessidade de generalização. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar o comportamento da transformada wavelet na generalização de modelos digitais do terreno sob a forma de grades regulares, obtidas a partir de dados do laser scanner. As transformadas wavelets foram implementadas em programas na linguagem Matlab. Foram utilizadas as wavelets de Haar, Daubechies e Symlet. A generalização por krigagem foi utilizada para a comparação dos resultados. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos realizados permitem afirmar que a transformada wavelet pode ser utilizada como alternativa para a generalização de MDT em razão da facilidade de programação, baixo custo computacional, alta velocidade de processamento e exatidão compatível com a resolução obtida no MDT generalizado, além de ser um método natural de análise multirresolução.

A Simple FDTD Algorithm for Simulating EM-Wave Propagation in General Dispersive Anisotropic Material

KAUST Repository

Al-Jabr, Ahmad Ali; Alsunaidi, Mohammad A.; Ng, Tien Khee; Ooi, Boon S.

2013-01-01

In this paper, an finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm for simulating propagation of EM waves in anisotropic material is presented. The algorithm is based on the auxiliary differential equation and the general polarization formulation. In anisotropic materials, electric fields are coupled and elements in the permittivity tensor are, in general, multiterm dispersive. The presented algorithm resolves the field coupling using a formulation based on electric polarizations. It also offers a simple procedure for the treatment of multiterm dispersion in the FDTD scheme. The algorithm is tested by simulating wave propagation in 1-D magnetized plasma showing excellent agreement with analytical solutions. Extension of the algorithm to multidimensional structures is straightforward. The presented algorithm is efficient and simple compared to other algorithms found in the literature. © 2012 IEEE.

A Simple FDTD Algorithm for Simulating EM-Wave Propagation in General Dispersive Anisotropic Material

KAUST Repository

Al-Jabr, Ahmad Ali

2013-03-01

In this paper, an finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm for simulating propagation of EM waves in anisotropic material is presented. The algorithm is based on the auxiliary differential equation and the general polarization formulation. In anisotropic materials, electric fields are coupled and elements in the permittivity tensor are, in general, multiterm dispersive. The presented algorithm resolves the field coupling using a formulation based on electric polarizations. It also offers a simple procedure for the treatment of multiterm dispersion in the FDTD scheme. The algorithm is tested by simulating wave propagation in 1-D magnetized plasma showing excellent agreement with analytical solutions. Extension of the algorithm to multidimensional structures is straightforward. The presented algorithm is efficient and simple compared to other algorithms found in the literature. © 2012 IEEE.

Fine structure of synapses on dendritic spines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael eFrotscher

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Camillo Golgi’s Reazione Nera led to the discovery of dendritic spines, small appendages originating from dendritic shafts. With the advent of electron microscopy (EM they were identified as sites of synaptic contact. Later it was found that changes in synaptic strength were associated with changes in the shape of dendritic spines. While live-cell imaging was advantageous in monitoring the time course of such changes in spine structure, EM is still the best method for the simultaneous visualization of all cellular components, including actual synaptic contacts, at high resolution. Immunogold labeling for EM reveals the precise localization of molecules in relation to synaptic structures. Previous EM studies of spines and synapses were performed in tissue subjected to aldehyde fixation and dehydration in ethanol, which is associated with protein denaturation and tissue shrinkage. It has remained an issue to what extent fine structural details are preserved when subjecting the tissue to these procedures. In the present review, we report recent studies on the fine structure of spines and synapses using high-pressure freezing (HPF, which avoids protein denaturation by aldehydes and results in an excellent preservation of ultrastructural detail. In these studies, HPF was used to monitor subtle fine-structural changes in spine shape associated with chemically induced long-term potentiation (cLTP at identified hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Changes in spine shape result from reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. We report that cLTP was associated with decreased immunogold labeling for phosphorylated cofilin (p-cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing protein. Phosphorylation of cofilin renders it unable to depolymerize F-actin, which stabilizes the actin cytoskeleton. Decreased levels of p-cofilin, in turn, suggest increased actin turnover, possibly underlying the changes in spine shape associated with cLTP. The findings reviewed here establish HPF as

Structural Acoustic Physics Based Modeling of Curved Composite Shells

Science.gov (United States)

2017-09-19

NUWC-NPT Technical Report 12,236 19 September 2017 Structural Acoustic Physics -Based Modeling of Curved Composite Shells Rachel E. Hesse...SUBTITLE Structural Acoustic Physics -Based Modeling of Curved Composite Shells 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT...study was to use physics -based modeling (PBM) to investigate wave propagations through curved shells that are subjected to acoustic excitation. An

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Litsea cubebaem> Harvested from Its Distribution Areas in China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qinqin Cui

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Litsea cubebaem> (Lour. Pers. is a promising industrial crop with fruits rich in essential oils. The chemical composition of essential oils of L. cubebaem> (EOLC were determined for fruits harvested from eight regions in China. The overall essential oil content, obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS, ranged from 3.04% to 4.56%. In total, 59 compounds were identified, the dominant components being monoterpenes (94.4–98.4%, represented mainly by neral and geranial (78.7–87.4%. D-Limonene was unexpectedly a lesser constituent (0.7–5.3% in fruits, which differed from previous reports (6.0–14.6%. Several components were only detected in certain regions and compounds such as o>-cymene and eremophilene have never before been reported in EOLC. These results demonstrate significant regional variation in the chemical composition of EOLC. This investigation provides important information with regard to the bioactivity, breeding work and industrial applications of L. cubebaem>.

Data base on structural materials aging properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oland, C.B.

1992-01-01

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission has initiated a Structural Aging Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to identify potential structural safety issues related to continued service of nuclear power plants and to establish criteria for evaluating and resolving these issues. One of the tasks in this program focuses on the establishment of a Structural Materials Information Center where long-term and environment-dependent properties of concretes and other structural materials are being collected and assembled into a data base. These properties will be used to evaluate the current condition of critical structural components in nuclear power plants and to estimate the future performance of these materials during the continued service period

A experiência em família de uma pessoa com diabetes mellitus e em tratamento por hemodiálise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magda de Mattos

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A experiência de adoecimento incorpora processos biológicos, mas também processos subjetivos, que devem serabordados nas práticas de atenção em saúde. No entanto, revelar os processos subjetivos da experiência tem sido umdesafio aos profissionais de saúde. A antropologia interpretativa tem subsídiado a compreensão deste processo namedida que integra aspectos socioculturais ao adoecimento. Estudo de natureza qualitativa, tipo Estudo de Caso tevepor objetivo compreender a experiência em família de uma pessoa com diabetes mellitus, insuficiência renal crônicaem tratamento por hemodiálise. O estudo foi realizado com um usuário em hemodiálise, em uma clínica no Estado deMato Grosso e com sua esposa, no período de fevereiro a julho de 2008, por meio da entrevista. A análise dos dadosnos permitiu apreender que vivenciar o adoecimento é uma experiência no qual os significados são reconstruídos evividos com base nas experiências anteriores e nas perspectivas de vida, tendo a família como referência. Aspectosimportantes do adoecimento marcaram a experiência de Moisés e sua esposa como o significado atribuído a famílianuclear, a fragmentação da estrutura social, as limitações e restrições, o reflexo da doença na vida em família, oscomportamentos, a construção da subjetividade masculina e o transplante renal.

Ações de Fisioterapia voltadas à saúde da criança em uma escola de ensino fundamental em Maceió, Alagoas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clarissa Cotrim Dos Anjos

2017-02-01

Full Text Available A linha de cuidado da saúde da criança é uma prioridade que tem como eixo estruturante o acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento. A assistência baseia-se na promoção da saúde, na prevenção, no diagnóstico precoce e na recuperação dos agravos à saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a experiência no acompanhamento de atividades desenvolvidas em uma escola na cidade de Maceió, em Alagoas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, acerca de ações voltadas para a saúde da criança, envolvendo temáticas sobre acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento, imunização e atividades de educação em saúde. Foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas de cada criança. Das 24 crianças medidas e pesadas, verificou-se que oito estavam com sobrepeso e três com obesidade. Ao avaliar o preenchimento das cadernetas de saúde da criança, apenas nove responsáveis atenderam às solicitações e apenas uma estava com todas as informações preenchidas adequadamente. As crianças compreendidas na faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos foram avaliadas em relação ao desenvolvimento por meio da escala de triagem de Denver II. Esta foi aplicada em 21 crianças, sendo identificado atraso no desenvolvimento de três. Diante deste resultado, foram realizadas intervenções fisioterapêuticas na própria escola e, após três meses de acompanhamento, as crianças apresentaram uma melhora significativa em todos os domínios da escala.Physiotherapy actions directed for children's health at a primary school in Maceió, AlagoasAbstract: The child health care line is a priority whose structuring axis is the monitoring of growth and development and assistance is based on the promotion of health, prevention, early diagnosis and recovery of health problems. This work had the objective of reporting the experience in the follow up of activities developed in a school in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. This is a descriptive

Desenvolvendo um processo de análise de investimentos baseado em competências Developping an investimento analysis process based on competences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronald Nieweglowski

2010-01-01

de investimento, fundamentando-se em uma abordagem de natureza estratégica.The organisational competences that an enterprise uses in its operations potentially define its capacity for implementing its business strategy. The present paper proposes a process for the analysis of investment projects based on competences. The study is focused on small enterprises, and it is applied to capacity expansion projects. The developed approach is based on a theoretical framework refined through a round of interviews conducted with experienced professionals. Three investment analysts and three academics that work in the strategic operations management and economic production management areas participated in the interviews. The developed process was tested in simulation studies using the results of three investment projects analyzed by a development bank in the period of March 2002 to September 2003. The cases are related to manufacturing, commerce, and service sectors. The result of this work is an investment analysis process that uses the enterprise competences concept to evaluate its capability to generate results. The process relates resources and competences to the adopted business strategy. The study nature is exploratory and, in this sense, it does not allow generalizations. It is necessary to increase the number of simulations and to test the process using different investment analysts. The major practical implication is related to the fact that a structured procedure was proposed for the analysis of investment projects for small companies due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate and reliable financial and economic information about those companies. This study contributes to the development of methodologies for the analysis of investment projects based on a strategic approach.

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