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Sample records for em radioterapia conformal

  1. Algoritmo evolucionário para otimização do plano de tratamento em radioterapia conformal 3D

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    Marco César Goldbarg

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available O planejamento do tratamento por radioterapia tem por objetivo atingir um volume alvo com altas doses de radiação tomando cuidado para não expor órgãos sadios a doses elevadas. É, portanto, muito importante que se encontre um balanço ideal entre esses objetivos conflitantes. O presente trabalho relata um modelo de programação matemática multiobjetivo e introduz um Algoritmo Transgenético para o problema de seleção do direcionamento dos feixes de radiação no planejamento em radioterapia conformal 3D. A seleção das direções dos feixes é feita através de uma técnica denominada de isocentros variáveis. Com a finalidade de testar o potencial do algoritmo desenvolvido, realiza-se um experimento comparativo com um Algoritmo Genético Multiobjetivo. O experimento computacional obtém dados quantitativos e qualitativos que são analisados no trabalho.The radiotherapy treatment planning aims to achieve a target volume with high doses of radiation taking care not to expose healthy organs to high doses. It is therefore very important to find an optimal balance between these conflicting goals. This paper reports a mathematical model of multiobjective programming and presents a Transgenetic Algorithm for the problem of selecting the direction of radiation beams in 3D conformal radiotherapy planning. The selection of beams directions is done with a technique called variable isocenters. In order to test the potential of the developed algorithm, a comparative experiment with a multiobjective genetic algorithm was done. The computational experiment obtains quantitative and qualitative data that are analyzed in this paper.

  2. Radioterapia em adenocarcinoma de pâncreas

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    WELTMAN EDUARDO

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar retrospectivamente a sobrevida dos pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma de pâncreas tratados no Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, comparando os resultados com a literatura, e apresentando proposta de conduta. MÉTODOS: Entre abril de 1993 e agosto de 1999, 40 pacientes com adenocarcinoma de pâncreas foram admitidos para radioterapia neste Serviço. Destes, 25 haviam sido submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico radical com ressecção do tumor e em 15 o tumor não havia sido ressecado (não operados, biopsiados apenas ou submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas paliativas. RESULTADOS: A sobrevida actuarial mediana para toda amostra foi de 14,8 meses, sendo as probabilidades de sobrevida em 12 e 24 meses, 70% e 22,2%, respectivamente. A sobrevida actuarial mediana para o grupo de pacientes que tiveram o tumor ressecado foi de 21,4 meses e para o grupo de pacientes com tumor não ressecado, 16,1 meses, sendo a probabilidade de sobreviver 12 e 24 meses de 76% e 32% no primeiro grupo e 60% e 0% no segundo (p=0,0156. CONCLUSÕES: Os nossos resultados são semelhantes aos descritos na literatura médica atual. Há necessidade de introduzir novas drogas ativas para o tratamento destes tumores e a radioterapia intra-operatória tem que ser melhor explorada.

  3. Remodelagem do sistema computacional para dosimetria em radioterapia por nêutrons e fótons baseado em métodos estocásticos - SISCODES

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    Bruno Machado Trindade

    2011-01-01

    O presente trabalho apresenta a remodelagem do Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia por Nêutrons e Fótons Baseado em Métodos Estocásticos . SISCODES. Para isso mostra a proposta inicial e estado anterior do sistema, as modificações e expansões propostas e executadas, e o estado atual de desenvolvimento do sistema. Melhorias futuras são propostas ao final do trabalho. O SISCODES é um sistema que permite a execução de planejamento computacional 3D em radioterapia, através de si...

  4. Avaliação de métodos de cálculo de barreiras de protecão radiológica em instalações de radioterapia externa e braquiterapia

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    Rodrigues, Maria José Pereira

    2012-01-01

    Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica (Radiações em Diagnóstico e Terapia), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2012 O presente projeto visa a avaliação de métodos de cálculo de barreiras de proteção radiológica em instalações de radioterapia, onde são utilizadas técnicas como a radioterapia conformacional a três-dimensões (3D-CRT), a radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT) e técnicas de braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose (HD...

  5. Evaluation of salivary flow in patients during head and neck radiotherapy Análise do fluxo salivar em pacientes durante a radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço

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    Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Radiotherapy is frequently employed for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Among the side effects, xerostomia is one of the most important. With the objective of evaluating the role of radiotherapy in salivary flow, we performed three salivary sample collections: at the beginning of, during, and immediately after radiotherapy. The results showed that the salivary flow values of the first collection were very similar to those of the control group. However, during treatment, there was a significant decrease of the salivary flow (p = 0.0008, which continued low immediately after radiotherapy (p = 0.0009. Our study showed that radiotherapy leads to an important reduction of salivary flow during and after radiotherapy.A radioterapia é um tratamento comumente empregado em pacientes portadores de carcinomas espinocelulares em cabeça e pescoço. Entre os efeitos colaterais locais, a xerostomia é um dos mais importantes. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da radioterapia sobre o fluxo salivar, foram feitas 3 coletas salivares: no início, em um período intermediário e posteriormente ao tratamento radioterápico. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram médias de fluxo salivar semelhantes entre a coleta inicial e o grupo controle. Com o decorrer da radioterapia, houve diminuição significativa do fluxo salivar na coleta intermediária (p = 0,0008, que se manteve após o término da radioterapia (p = 0,0009. Nosso estudo enfatiza que há redução significativa do fluxo salivar durante e após a radioterapia.

  6. Efeito do tempo de espera para radioterapia na sobrevida geral em cinco anos de mulheres com câncer do colo do útero, 1995-2010

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    Maria Isabel do Nascimento

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Resumo A sobrevida geral em cinco anos e os fatores associados ao óbito foram avaliados em uma coorte de 342 mulheres com câncer do colo uterino indicadas para radioterapia na Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A sobrevida geral foi de 25,3%, alcançando 60,8% para os casos até IIA. O ajustamento com uso do modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox estendido mostrou risco de óbito aumentado para tumores IIB-IIIB (HR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,214; 2,957 e IVA-IVB (HR = 5,78; IC95%: 2,973; 11,265. A captação por citologia (HR = 0,58; IC95%: 0,362; 0,961 e o encaminhamento direto para o serviço de radioterapia na Baixada Fluminese (HR = 0,60; IC95%: 0,418; 0,875 foram os principais fatores protetores encontrados. O tempo de espera pela radioterapia (> 60 dias versus ≤ 60 dias foi não estatisticamente significativo, porém o retardo de quatro dias piorou os resultados (HR = 1,70; IC95%: 1,153; 2,513. O limite de 60 dias para iniciar a radioterapia deve ser respeitado com rigor, pois, a partir de 64 dias, o retardo mostrou associação significativa entre todos os pontos de corte de tempo de espera analisados e o risco de morte em cinco anos.

  7. Radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT para pacientes do SUS: análise de 508 tratamentos em dois anos de instalação da técnica

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    Harley Francisco de Oliveira

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: A oferta de radioterapia de alta tecnologia para população atendida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS é limitada, por não pertencer ao rol de procedimentos e, muitas vezes, pela capacidade instalada frente à demanda e dificuldade de retenção de recursos humanos especializados. Dessa forma, o acesso à radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT é restrito a poucos serviços no Brasil. Pretendemos apresentar as características dos primeiros 508 tratamentos de IMRT durante os primeiros anos de instalação da técnica em um hospital universitário. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisados 508 tratamentos de IMRT, de maio de 2011 a setembro de 2013, que completaram a radioterapia. A técnica empregada foi multilâminas estático. Resultados: De um total de 4.233 pacientes tratados no período, 12,5% realizaram IMRT. As principais indicações foram para crânio, cabeça e pescoço, e próstata. Aproximadamente 30% das radioterapias de crânio e 50% das de próstata foram por IMRT. A toxicidade total foi 4%. Conclusão: Em razão das restrições de acesso à radioterapia e da não cobertura deste procedimento, as indicações de IMRT para pacientes do SUS devem ser apoiadas nos protocolos clínicos das instituições em acordo com sua realidade, com especial atenção à redução da toxicidade.

  8. Indications for quality assurance in conformal radiotherapy in Italy; Indicazioni per l'Assicurazione di Qualita nella radioterapia ad intensita modulata

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    Banci Buonamici, F [Servizio Ospedaliero Dipartimentale Fisica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Firenze (Italy); DE Angelis, C; Rosi, A; Tabocchini, M A [Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma (Italy); Iotti, C [Radioterapia Oncologica, Arcispedale di Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia (Italy); Olmi, P [Dipartimento di Radioterapia, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei Tumori, Milano (Italy)

    2008-07-01

    Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is an advanced and promising technique of external beam irradiation. IMRT is able to conform the dose distribution to the 3D tumour shape also for complex geometries, preserving surrounding normal tissues and reducing the probability of side effects. IMRT is a time consuming and complex technique and its use demands high level quality assurance. It is, therefore, very important to define conditions for its utilization. Professionals of Radiotherapy Centres, with experience in the IMRT use, have constituted a multidisciplinary working group with the aim of developing indications in this field. Purpose of the present document is to highlight relevant aspects of the technique, but also to underline the high complexity of the technique, whose implementation requires extreme attention of the staff of Radiotherapy Centres involved. [Italian] La Radioterapia ad Intensita Modulata (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT) rappresenta una delle piu avanzate e promettenti tecniche di radioterapia oncologica. La possibilita di adattare la distribuzione della dose terapeutica alla geometria, anche molto complessa, di una massa tumorale consente di salvaguardare in modo ottimale i tessuti sani adiacenti riducendo quindi la probabilita di complicanze. L'IMRT e una tecnica di difficile esecuzione, dispendiosa per tempo impiegato e richiede particolare precisione. E quindi fondamentale cercare di definire in quali situazioni puo essere appropriato il suo impiego. Per questo si e costituito un gruppo di lavoro che ha visto coinvolti, con un approccio multidisciplinare, i Centri Italiani di Radioterapia con maggior esperienza nell'uso di questa tecnica. Questo documento si e posto come obiettivo quello di delineare le peculiarita della tecnica e di evidenziare come la sua elevata complessita esiga il massimo rigore nella sua implementazione.

  9. Impacto da nutrição enteral na toxicidade aguda e na continuidade do tratamento dos pacientes com tumores de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia com intensidade modulada

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    Liêvin Matos Rebouças

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto da terapia nutricional enteral na manutenção do peso corpóreo e na necessidade de replanejamento e/ou interrupção da radioterapia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os pacientes submetidos a IMRT entre janeiro de 2005 e outubro de 2008, com a inclusão de 83 casos. RESULTADOS: A idade mediana foi de 58,6 anos. Em apenas em cinco pacientes (6% houve interrupção do tratamento, que variou de 4 a 18 dias, e em 19 casos (23% houve necessidade de replanejamento. A terapia nutricional enteral foi instituída antes do início da radioterapia em 16 pacientes (19%. Perda de peso > 5% ocorreu em 58 casos (70%, sendo mais prevalente no grupo de pacientes em que a terapia nutricional enteral não foi instituída pré-radioterapia. Na comparação entre os grupos não houve diferença significativa na realização de replanejamento (25% versus 21%; p = 0,741 ou na ocorrência e duração da interrupção da radioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia nutricional enteral tem um claro ganho na manutenção do peso corporal, porém, não houve um benefício na realização da gastrostomia percutânea endoscópica ou da sonda nasoenteral em relação à interrupção e ao replanejamento da radioterapia.

  10. Complicações bucais da radioterapia em cabeça e pescoço Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck

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    Bruno Correia Jham

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available A radioterapia é uma forma terapêutica amplamente utilizada para o tratamento das neoplasias malignas da cabeça e pescoço. Porém, altas doses de radiação em extensos campos que irão incluir a cavidade bucal, maxila, mandíbula e glândulas salivares freqüentemente resultam em diversas reações indesejadas. Dentre as complicações da radioterapia estão a mucosite, candidose, disgeusia, cárie por radiação, osteorradionecrose, necrose do tecido mole e xerostomia. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão das reações adversas que podem ser detectadas durante o tratamento radioterápico em região de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: A literatura pertinente que trata do assunto foi revisada. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Revisão de literatura. RESULTADOS: A radioterapia ainda está associada a diversas reações adversas, que afetam de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento multidisciplinar, incluindo a equipe médica, o cirurgião-dentista, o fonoaudiólogo, o nutricionista e o psicólogo é a melhor alternativa para minimizar ou mesmo prevenir tais complicações.Radiotherapy is a treatment modality largely used for head and neck malignancies. However, high doses of radiation in large areas, including the oral cavity, maxilla, mandible and salivary glands may result in several undesired reactions. Mucositis, candidosis, disgeusia, radiation caries, osteoradionecrosis, soft tissue necrosis and xerostomia are some of radiotherapy’s complications. AIM: The aim of this study is to briefly review the side effects that may be seen in the oral cavity during or after radiotherapy treatment in the head and neck region. BASIC METHOD USED: Review of relevant literature. STUDY DESING: Literature review. RESULTS: Radiotherapy is still associated with several side effects, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary treatment, including physicians, dentists

  11. Peculiaridades da radioterapia em idosos Peculiarities of radiotherapy in the elderly

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    Michael Jenwei Chen

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available É sabido que o envelhecimento da população do mundo durante o século XX e no início deste novo século constitui um desafio de primeira ordem para as nações, especialmente no campo socioeconômico. Um aspecto importante do envelhecimento populacional global é que, para grupos de idade mais avançada, a prevalência das doenças degenerativas também é maior, incluindo as doenças malignas. No universo de pacientes portadores de câncer, por outro lado, metade destes receberá radioterapia em algum momento de sua doença e suas características individuais podem influenciar, de alguma forma, o prognóstico, a indicação e as doses diárias de prescrição dos tratamentos. Neste contexto, a assistência à saúde do idoso portador de câncer deve ser vista como um importante desafio, principalmente devido a dois fatores: uma maior procura de tratamentos, em termos quantitativos, e características fisiológicas peculiares a esta população, que podem influenciar na tomada de decisões terapêuticas. Esta revisão propõe uma discussão sobre alguns aspectos relevantes tanto da fisiologia dos idosos, que pode influenciar o curso do tratamento irradiante, quanto de alguns avanços técnicos da radioterapia, que podem, por sua vez, beneficiar estes pacientes, oferecendo menor toxicidade e maior eficiência e rapidez, por exemplo.It is known that the aging of the world population during the twentieth century and the beginning of this new century is a first-order challenge for nations, especially in the socio-economic field. An important aspect of the aging of global population is that, for older age groups, the prevalence of degenerative diseases is also higher, including malignancies. On the other hand, among the population of patients with cancer, half of these patients will receive radiation therapy at some point in their illness and their individual characteristics can somehow influence the prognosis, the indication and daily doses of

  12. Avaliação do efeito da laserterapia em baixa intensidade na reparação óssea após radioterapia externa – estudo experimental em ratos

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    Paixão, Darcy de Almeida

    2013-01-01

    Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da Laserterapia em baixa intensidade na reparação de feridas cirúrgicas produzidas no tecido ósseo de ratos da raça Wistar. Para isso, foi artificialmente produzido um orifício no fêmur dos ratos e quatro dias após, os ratos foram submetidos a radioterapia externa com fonte de cobalto radioativo na dosagem de 3000 cGys. O grupo experimental recebeu adicionalmente sete sessões de Laserterapia de 780 hm, 40 nW, 100 J/cm2, por 100 seg. (qu...

  13. Avaliação do pH salivar em pacientes submetidos a radioterapia à região de cabeça e pescoço

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    Gonçalves, Liliana Maria do Vale Costa

    2015-01-01

    Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária A disfunção das glândulas salivares, como sequela da Radioterapia (RT) traduz-se geralmente em hipofunção salivar e consequente diminuição do pH. Este estudo avaliou o comportamento do pH salivar num grupo de 35 indivíduos submetidos a RT com fracionamento convencional, por tumores malignos da região de cabeça e pescoço. O acompanham...

  14. Evaluation of some oral postradiotherapy sequelae in patients treated for head and neck tumors Avaliação de algumas seqüelas bucais pós-radioterapia em pacientes tratados de neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço

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    Cássia Maria Fischer Rubira

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral sequelae of radiotherapy in patients treated between 1999 and 2003 for head and neck tumors. One-hundred patients (24 women, 76 men ranging in age from 30 to 83 years (mean 59.2 years were examined. Time since radiotherapy ranged from 1 to 72 months (mean 28 months. The total mean radiation dose received by the patients was 5,955 cGy. The evaluation protocol included anamnesis, intraoral and extraoral examination, measurement of stimulated salivary flow and salivary pH. Symptoms reported by the patients included dry mouth (68%, dysphagia (38%, and dysgeusia (30%. In 64% of the patients, the mean stimulated salivary flow rate was less than 0.7 ml/min. The mean salivary pH was 6.97 (± 0.714. Stimulated salivary flow increased with increasing postradiotherapy time (p O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as seqüelas bucais provocadas pela radioterapia em pacientes com neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço, tratados entre 1999 e 2003. Foram examinados 100 pacientes (24 mulheres e 76 homens, com idades entre 30 e 83 anos (média de 59,2 anos. O tempo desde a radioterapia variou de 1 a 72 meses (média de 28 meses. A média da dose total de radiação recebida pelos pacientes foi de 5.955 cGy. O protocolo de avaliação consistiu de anamnese, exame físico, aferição do fluxo salivar estimulado e pHmetria da saliva. Os sintomas referidos foram boca seca (68%, disfagia (38% e disgeusia (30%. Em 64% dos indivíduos o valor médio do fluxo salivar estimulado esteve abaixo de 0.7 ml/min. O pH médio da amostra foi de 6.97 (± 0.714. O fluxo estimulado e a ocorrência de candidíase atrófica aumentaram conforme o aumento do tempo pós-radioterapia (p < 0.05. A ocorrência de mucosite esteve associada a maiores doses de radiação (p < 0.05. Dois casos de segundo tumor primário foram diagnosticados. O principal efeito da radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço foi a redução do fluxo salivar, apesar de

  15. Anestesia ambulatorial para radioterapia em paciente portador de miastenia gravis: relato de caso Anestesia ambulatorial para radioterapia en paciente portador de miastenia gravis: relato de caso Outpatient anesthesia for radiotherapy in a patient with myasthenia gravis: case report

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    Raquel Marcondes Bussolotti

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A miastenia gravis (MG é doença auto-imune rara, caracterizada pela redução de receptores nicotínicos na junção neuromuscular, com incidência de 14/100.000. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o caso de paciente portador de miastenia gravis submetido à anestesia geral balanceada, para tratamento radioterápico de carcinoma espinocelular de parótida, em regime ambulatorial. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 87 anos, 87 kg, estado físico ASA III, com história de miastenia gravis; acidente vascular encefálico prévio (AVE; marca-passo por bloqueio atrioventricular total; hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS. Foram programadas sete sessões de radioterapia de 20 minutos para tratamento de tumor de parótida, sob anestesia geral. Na sala de radioterapia foi monitorizado com cardioscópio, monitor de pressão arterial não-invasiva, oxímetro de pulso, e submetido à anestesia geral com propofol e sevoflurano. Após a indução, foi mantido em ventilação espontânea com cânula de Guedel e cateter nasofaríngeo com O2 /sevoflurano, para acomodação da máscara imobilizadora. Na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, não apresentou complicações. CONCLUSÕES: A escolha dos anestésicos e o acompanhamento clínico criterioso permitiram a boa evolução do paciente, com AVE prévio, cardiopata e idoso, submetido à anestesia geral balanceada para procedimento de aplicação de radioterapia, em regime ambulatorial.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La Miastenia Gravis (MG es una enfermedad auto inmune rara, caracterizada por la reducción de receptores nicotínicos en la junción neuromuscular, con incidencia de 14/100.000. El objetivo de este relato fue el de describir el caso del paciente portador de miastenia gravis sometido a la anestesia general balanceada, para tratamiento radioterápico de carcinoma espinocelular de parótida en régimen ambulatorial. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente del sexo masculino

  16. A utilização da radioterapia no tratamento do carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo felino avançado

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    S.C.S. Cunha

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a eficácia da radioterapia no tratamento de felinos portadores de carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo avançado. Um protocolo de fracionamento padrão de radioterapia foi aplicado em seis gatos portadores de uma ou mais lesões cutâneas de carcinoma de células escamosas, em um total de sete lesões neoplásicas, confirmadas por meio de análise histológica. Uma lesão foi classificada como T2 e seis como T4, segundo o sistema de estadiamento da Organização Mundial de Saúde para tumores epidermais de felinos. Os animais foram submetidos a doze frações radioterápicas de 4 Gy, realizadas três vezes por semana, utilizando-se um equipamento de ortovoltagem. Utilizaram-se energia de 120 Kv, 15mA e filtro 2mm de alumínio, o cone usado foi de 6x8cm, e a distância foco-pele foi de 30cm. As lesões foram acompanhadas durante todo o tratamento radioterápico e 30 e 60 dias após o seu término. Neste estudo, 87% das lesões resultaram em remissão completa, e 13%, em remissão parcial. Os efeitos colaterais do tratamento radioterápico, de acordo com a tabela de critérios de toxicidade aguda da Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, foram leves e reversíveis em todos os casos, e incluíram eritema cutâneo, epilação e rinite. Considerou-se a radioterapia segura para felinos com carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo, levando a efeitos colaterais leves, e pode representar uma boa opção terapêutica.

  17. Complicaciones tardías de la radioterapia ocular

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    Julio Lázaro González García

    Full Text Available La radioterapia es uno de los pilares terapéuticos utilizados en la oncología, no exenta de producir daño ocular, lo que constituye un fenómeno bien establecido. La aparición de complicaciones continúa siendo la principal preocupación de la aplicación de la radioterapia, a pesar del empleo de nuevas estrategias que buscan reducir las complicaciones y mejorar el índice terapéutico. Se presenta una paciente femenina de 63 años con diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide de la conjuntiva, moderadamente diferenciado G-II, invasor (T3N0M0 en ojo izquierdo, que llevó tratamiento quirúrgico y radioterapia superficial complementaria. Como complicación tardía, la paciente presentó catarata radiógena, que recibió tratamiento quirúrgico, además de aneurismas conjuntivales en el área tratada.

  18. Deficiência progressiva dos hormônios adeno-hipofisários após radioterapia em adultos Progressive pituitary hormone deficiency following radiation therapy in adults

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    Rafaela A. Loureiro

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available A radioterapia é um dos fatores desencadeantes do hipopituitarismo, mesmo quando não direcionada diretamente para o eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário, podendo resultar em redução de hormônios adeno-hipofisários, principalmente por lesão hipotalâmica. A perda da função da hipófise anterior é progressiva e geralmente na seguinte ordem: hormônio do crescimento, gonadotrofinas, adrenocorticotrofina e o hormônio estimulante da tireóide. Vários testes estão disponíveis para a confirmação das deficiências, sendo discutidos, neste artigo, os melhores testes para pacientes submetidos à irradiação. Enfatizamos que o desenvolvimento do hipopituitarismo após a radioterapia é dose e tempo dependente de irradiação, com algumas diferenças entre os eixos hipofisários. Portanto, a conscientização da necessidade de terapia em conjunto de endocrinologistas e oncologistas otimizará o tratamento e a qualidade de vida do paciente.Hypopituitarism can be caused by radiation therapy, even when it is not directly applied on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and can lead to anterior pituitary deficiency mainly due to hypothalamic damage. The progressive loss of the anterior pituitary hormones usually occurs in the following order: growth hormone, gonadotropin hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Although there are several different tests available to confirm anterior pituitary deficiency, this paper will focus on the gold standard tests for patients submitted to radiation therapy. We emphasize that the decline of anterior pituitary function is time- and dose-dependent with some variability among the different axes. Therefore, awareness of the need of a joint management by endocrinologists and oncologists is essential to improve treatment and quality of life of the patients.

  19. Significado prognóstico do linfonodo metastático N3 em carcinomas epidermóides de cabeça e pescoço

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    Ali Amar

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento da doença metastática em estádio avançado (N3 e sua relação com o prognóstico do carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: Foram revisados as informações de prontuários de 241 pacientes, com carcinoma espinocelular de boca, orofaringe, laringe e hipofaringe com metástases cervicais maiores que 6 cm (N3 submetidos à cirurgia e/ou radioterapia, no Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Heliópolis, Hosphel, São Paulo, de 1988 a 1998. Nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia foi avaliada a radicalidade cirúrgica, macroscopicamente completa ou não, e naqueles tratados pela radioterapia, foi analisada a resposta do sítio primário e do pescoço imediatamente ao término do tratamento. A sobrevida livre de doença foi estimada pelo método de Kapplan Meier no grupo submetido à cirurgia. RESULTADOS: A irressecabilidade da lesão primária e metastática no pescoço justificou a indicação da radioterapia na dose média de 65 Gy, em 69 pacientes ocorrendo resposta completa no sítio primário em 24(36%, no pescoço em 12 (18%, e em ambos os sítios em 11 casos (16%. No grupo sumetido à cirurgia seguido de radioterapia, a dose média foi de 56 Gy. Dos 25 pacientes com ressecção macroscópica radical do pescoço, cinco (20% recidivaram, e dos cinco com ressecção incompleta e radioterapia, dois tiveram sobrevida de sete a 12 meses após o tratamento, quando foram perdidos de seguimento. A sobrevida livre de doença em dois anos neste grupo foi de 58%. CONCLUSÕES: Para pacientes com linfonodo metastático N3, o esvaziamento cervical seguido de radioterapia foi eficiente no controle regional da doença enquanto que nos inoperáveis, a radioterapia é um tratamento paliativo.

  20. Effects of preoperative pelvic irradiation on colonic anastomosis healing: an experimental study in rats Efeito da radioterapia pélvica pré-operatória na cicatrização de anastomoses colônicas: estudo experimental em ratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre Franca

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: Colorectal anastomosis is a constant worry-issue among surgeons because of high rates of complications, specially the dehiscence. The preoperative irradiation on cancer surgeries might interfere in the healing process, leading to an unfavorable outcome. METHODS: In the present study, two groups of rats were irradiated previously to a colorectal anastomosis surgery, with intervals of 4 and 8 weeks between the procedures. Seven days after the surgery, healing process was evaluated for dehiscence presence and histologic inflammatory characteristics. Also, levels of hydroxyproline, metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. RESULTS: Our results showed a higher incidence of dehiscences on the animals submitted to irradiation, compared to controls, with a reduced inflammatory activity in the healing tissue. DISCUSSION: Comparing both irradiated groups, those irradiated 8 weeks before surgery showed higher levels of hydroxyproline and metalloproteinases, indicating higher efficiency of the healing process. In conclusion, preoperative irradiation interferes with intestinal anastomosis healing and a larger time interval between both procedures is safer in terms of the healing quality.INTRODUÇÃO: As anastomoses colorretais são motivos constante de preocupação por parte dos cirurgiões, em virtude do alto índice de complicações, principalmente as deiscências. O uso da radioterapia previamente à cirurgia, nos casos de doença neoplásica, pode interferir no processo cicatricial das anastomoses, e levar a uma evolução desfavorável. MÉTODOS: Os autores estudaram dois grupos de ratos, submetidos a radioterapia e à confecção de uma anastomose no cólon, com intervalo de 04 e de 08 semanas entre os dois procedimentos, comparando com um grupo controle. Após 07 dias da cirurgia, estudaram-se vários aspectos do processo cicatricial: presença de deiscência, características inflamatórias do tecido, dosagem

  1. Complicaciones tardías de la radioterapia ocular

    OpenAIRE

    González García, Julio Lázaro; Santos Silva, Dania; Abreu Perdomo, Franklyn Alain; Melgares Ramos, María de los Ángeles; Valdivia Bregado, Yamelyn Tania

    2016-01-01

    La radioterapia es uno de los pilares terapéuticos utilizados en la oncología, no exenta de producir daño ocular, lo que constituye un fenómeno bien establecido. La aparición de complicaciones continúa siendo la principal preocupación de la aplicación de la radioterapia, a pesar del empleo de nuevas estrategias que buscan reducir las complicaciones y mejorar el índice terapéutico. Se presenta una paciente femenina de 63 años con diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide de la conjuntiva, moderadam...

  2. The oncologic radiotherapy experience for patients: a poison-drug La experiencia de los pacientes sometidos a radioterapia oncológica: una medicina-veneno A experiência da radioterapia oncológica para os pacientes: um remédio-veneno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosani Manfrin Muniz

    2008-12-01

    áncer.O estudo objetivou compreender a experiência da radioterapia oncológica para os pacientes. A abordagem da antropologia interpretativa e o método etnográfico nortearam a investigação. Foram informantes dez pacientes de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 34 a 80 anos, acompanhados durante o tratamento radioterápico. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação participante e levantamento em prontuários. A análise dos discursos dos informantes possibilitou a identificação das unidades de significado: o encontro com a radioterapia, o corpo como veículo de ação da radioterapia e as práticas alternativas de cuidado aliviando os efeitos do tratamento. Compreende-se, aqui, que a experiência da radioterapia oncológica significou para esses pacientes a necessidade de se submeterem a uma terapêutica com característica de remédio-veneno, que causa temor, mas que era necessária se a meta fosse a cura ou mesmo a sobrevivência ao câncer.

  3. Manejo da osteorradionecrose em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço = Osteoradionecrosis management in patients underwent head and neck radiotherapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vier, Fabiana Vieira

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia instituída para tratamento de pacientes com câncer da região de cabeça e pescoço interferem significativamente na qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Entre esses efeitos, podem-se citar mucosite, hipossialia, ageusia, cáries por radiação, trismo e osteorradionecrose (ORN. Esta última constitui uma complicação grave e de difícil tratamento. A presente revisão da literatura objetiva enfatizar aspectos da osteorradionecrose, abordando fatores etiológicos, características clínicas e radiográficas, prevalência, tratamento e prognóstico da enfermidade. O cumprimento de medidas protocolares antes, durante e após a radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço previne e minimiza a ocorrência de complicações como a ORN. As consultas de controle após o término da radioterapia são imprescindíveis e devem ser garantidas pela conscientização do paciente sobre a importância das mediadas preventivas

  4. Las diferentes modalidades de la radioterapia: externa, braquiterapia e intraoperatoria. Indicaciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Algara López

    Full Text Available Conclusiones: Se puede afirmar que la radioterapia contribuye a aumentar la supervivencia de las pacientes con cáncer de mama; las mejoras tecnológicas experimentadas en los últimos años han contribuido de forma importante a disminuir la toxicidad; estas mejoras permiten concentrar la radioterapia en menos sesiones, incluso en una única de forma intraoperatoria en un grupo muy seleccionado de pacientes; y que debemos seguir investigado para conocer en que pacientes podemos disminuir nuestros tratamientos, especialmente a nivel ganglionar.

  5. Disfunção sexual em pacientes com câncer do colo uterino avançado submetidas à radioterapia exclusiva Sexual dysfunction in patients with advanced cervical cancer submitted to exclusive radiotherapy

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    Bebiana Calisto Bernardo

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: identificar disfunções sexuais em pacientes com câncer de colo uterino submetidas à radioterapia exclusiva pela técnica de braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo descritivo do tipo corte transversal no período de janeiro a junho de 2004. O estudo envolveu 71 pacientes selecionadas de acordo o perfil estabelecido e que vinham sendo seguidas no ambulatório de pélvis do Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário estruturado, complementado por um exame ginecológico visando investigar queixas de disfunção sexual após a radioterapia. Foi utilizado o programa estatístico Epi-Info 6.04 para processamento e análise dos dados. A análise descritiva foi feita pela média, mediana, valores máximo e mínimo. Para análise bivariada foram realizados os testes de homogeneidade marginal e McNemar, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: das complicações ginecológicas identificadas, destacam-se fibrose, estenose e atrofia vaginais (98,6, 76,1 e 71,8% dos casos, respectivamente. As disfunções sexuais identificadas foram: frigidez e falta de lubrificação, de excitação e de orgasmo, que ocorreram em 76,1% dos casos, falta de libido em 40,8% e vaginismo em 5,6% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: as disfunções sexuais são freqüentes em pacientes com câncer do colo uterino avançado tratadas com radioterapia exclusiva utilizando o protocolo de braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose. Atenção específica deve ser dada à anamnese sexual e ao exame ginecológico durante o acompanhamento destas pacientes.PURPOSE: to identify sexual dysfunctions in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix submitted to exclusive radiotherapy, using the high dose rate (HDR brachytherapy technique. METHODS: a descriptive transversal study from January to June of 2004. The study involved 71 selected patients who had been followed in the pelvis outpatient clinic from the

  6. Comparação entre os volumes pulmonares irradiados com técnica bidimensional e tridimensional conformada na radioterapia de pacientes com tumores de pulmão localmente avançados Comparison between irradiated lung volumes with two-dimensional and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy techniques for locally advanced lung cancer

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    Heloisa de Andrade Carvalho

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar e quantificar os volumes pulmonares irradiados utilizando planejamentos bidimensional (2D e tridimensional (3D conformado na radioterapia de tumores de pulmão. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em 27 pacientes portadores de câncer de pulmão foi feito planejamento 3D e outro correspondente em 2D. As doses prescritas variaram de 45 a 66 Gy. Foram avaliadas as doses no volume alvo planejado (PTV, volume tumoral macroscópico (GTV e pulmões (volume de pulmão que recebe 20 Gy ou 30 Gy - V20 e V30, respectivamente, e dose média. Os órgãos de risco adjacentes (medula espinhal, esôfago e coração receberam doses abaixo dos limites de tolerância. RESULTADOS: O GTV variou de 10,5 a 1.290,0 cm³ (média de 189,65 cm³. Nos planejamentos 2D foi utilizado, em média, um total de 59,33 campos, e nos planejamentos 3D, 75,65 campos. Em todas as situações analisadas houve significante (p OBJECTIVE: To compare and quantify irradiated lung volumes using two-dimensional (2D and three-dimensional (3D conformal planning for radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2D and 3D conformal radiotherapy plannings were performed for 27 patients with lung cancer. Prescribed doses ranged from 45 to 66 Gy. The analysis covered the doses to planning target volume (PTV, gross tumor volume (GTV and lungs (lung volume receiving 20 Gy or 30 Gy - V20 and V30, respectively, and mean dose. The doses to adjacent organs at risk (spinal cord, esophagus and heart were maintained below the tolerance limits. RESULTS: GTV ranged from 10.5 to 1,290.0 cm³ (mean, 189.65 cm³. On average, a total of 59.33 fields were utilized in the 2D planning and 75.65 fields in the 3D planning. Lung volumes were significantly preserved (P < 0.05 with the 3D conformal planning in all the evaluated cases, with about 15% decrease in the irradiated lung volumes. Lungs without tumor were most benefited from this technique. CONCLUSION: 3D radiotherapy allowed a better

  7. Colonização e espécies de Candida em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia cervicofacial Candida colonization and species in patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy

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    Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a colonização por Candida associada à redução do fluxo salivar e identificar as espécies antes, durante e após a radioterapia em 20 pacientes portadores de carcinomas de células escamosas, comparando com dados obtidos em dois grupos-controle, um formado por 24 pacientes saudáveis e o outro, por nove pacientes submetidos à radioterapia por pelo menos um ano. A saliva total de todos os pacientes foi coletada pelo método não-estimulado. As unidades formadoras de colônia de Candida foram quantificadas e identificadas pelos testes bioquímicos, CHROMagar e Api 20 Aux. Os resultados evidenciaram, no grupo de estudo, redução progressiva do fluxo salivar entre a primeira e a terceira coleta (p = 0,001 e aumento da positividade de espécies, com predominância das espécies C. albicans e C. tropicalis, bem como de sua diversificação. Houve correlação significativa entre redução do fluxo salivar e colonização por Candida (p = 0,009. Após 12 meses, o fluxo salivar apresentavase baixo e houve maior incidência das espécies C. albicans e C. tropicalis. Em suma, os pacientes irradiados com doses tumoricidas em campos cervicofaciais apresentaram redução do fluxo salivar, aumento na colonização fúngica e diversificação das espécies durante e no final do tratamento.The aims of this study were to investigate Candida carriage associated with reduced salivary flow and to identify Candida species in 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma before, during and after head and neck radiotherapy, comparing with 2 control groups, one compounded by 24 healthful patients and the other, by nine patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy one year at least. Whole non stimulated saliva were collected from all patients. Candida unit form colonies were quantified and identified using biochemistry tests, CHROMagar and API 20 Aux. The results showed progressive reduction of salivary flow during

  8. Evaluation of homogeneity and dose conformity in IMRT planning in prostate radiotherapy; Avaliacao da homogeneidade e conformidade de dose em planejamentos de IMRT de prostata em radioterapia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Juliane S.; Leidens, Matheus; Estacio, Daniela R., E-mail: juliane.lopes@pucrs.br [Hospital Sao Lucas (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Servico de Radioterapia; Razera, Ricardo A.Z.; Streck, Elaine E.; Silva, Ana M.M. da [Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Faculdade de Fisica

    2015-12-15

    The goal of this study was to evaluate the dose distribution homogeneity and conformity of radiation therapy plans of prostate cancer using IMRT. Data from 34 treatment plans of Hospital Sao Lucas of PUCRS, where those plans were executed, were retrospectively analyzed. All of them were done with 6MV X-rays from a linear accelerator CLINAC IX, and the prescription doses varied between 60 and 74 Gy. Analyses showing the homogeneity and conformity indices for the dose distribution of those plans were made. During these analyses, some comparisons with the traditional radiation therapy planning technic, the 3D-CRT, were discussed. The results showed that there is no correlation between the prescribed dose and the homogeneity and conformity indices, indicating that IMRT works very well even for higher doses. Furthermore, a comparison between the results obtained and the recommendations of ICRU 83 was carried out. It has also been observed that the indices were really close to the ideal values. 82.4% of the cases showed a difference below 5% of the ideal value for the index of conformity, and 88.2% showed a difference below 10% for the homogeneity index. Concluding, it is possible to confirm the quality of the analyzed radiation therapy plans of prostate cancer using IMRT. (author)

  9. Braquiterapia intersticial para recidivas de câncer de colo uterino pós-radioterapia

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira,Antonio Carlos Zuliani de; Esteves,Sérgio Carlos Barros; Feijó,Luiz Fernando Andrade; Tagawa,Eduardo Komai; Cunha,Maércio de Oliveira

    2005-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Analisar a resposta e toxicidade da braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose (BATD) intersticial para carcinoma do colo do útero com recidiva pélvica pós-radioterapia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Entre 1998 e 2001, 11 pacientes com carcinoma de colo de útero e que tiveram recidiva pélvica pós-radioterapia receberam BATD intersticial. Idade: 41 a 71 anos (média: 56,5 anos); estádios (FIGO): IIA, IIB, IIIB e IVA. Nove (82%) pacientes tinham carcinoma de células escamosas e duas (18%), adenocarcino...

  10. Condição periodontal de indivíduos submetidos à radioterapia associada ou não à quimioterapia das vias aerodigestivas superiores: um estudo prospectivo

    OpenAIRE

    Audrey Cristina Bueno

    2009-01-01

    Estudos que investigam a progressão da doença periodontal em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia, como parte do tratamento de tumores malignos das vias aerodigestivas superiores (principalmente nos tumores de boca), mostram aumento da perda de inserção periodontal, que pode ser explicada por uma associação de fatores como ação direta da radiação sobre os tecidos, acúmulo de biofilme bacteriano e por alteração da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro. Entretanto estes estudos são poucos e com tam...

  11. Pilocytic astrocytoma following radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma: case report Astrocitoma pilocítico pós-radioterapia para tratamento de craniofaringioma: relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LEONARDO BONILHA

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Administration of fractionated doses of irradiation is part of the adjutant therapy for CNS tumours such as craniopharyngiomas and pituitary adenomas. It can maximise cure rates or expand symptom-free period. Among the adverse effects of radiotherapy, the induction of a new tumour within the irradiated field has been frequently described. The precise clinical features that correlate irradiation and oncogenesis are not completely defined, but some authors have suggested that tumors are radiation induced when they are histologically different from the treated ones, arise in greater frequency in irradiated patients than among normal population and tend to occur in younger people with an unusual aggressiveness. In this article, we report a case of a papillary astrocytoma arising in a rather unusual latency period following radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma.A administração de doses fracionadas de radiação é parte do tratamento adjuvante de tumores do sistema nervoso central como craniofaringiomas ou adenomas hipofisários. A radioterapia pode aumentar as chances de cura ou expandir o período livre de sintomas. Dentre seus efeitos adversos, é conhecida a possibilidade de aparecimento de novo tumor na região irradiada. Os critérios que definem se um novo tumor é de fato induzido por radiação ainda não são completamente definidos. Adimite-se, no entanto, que se o novo tumor é histologicamente diferente do primeiro, aparece em indivíduos mais jovens e é mais agressivo que o habitual, provavelmente sua origem é devida à oncogênese da irradiação. Descrevemos um caso de astrocitoma pilocítico possivelmente induzido por radioterapia, com surgimento em tempo de latência inesperadamente curto.

  12. Ansiedad y depresión en mujeres con cáncer de mama en radioterapia: Prevalencia y factores asociados

    OpenAIRE

    Ornelas-Mejorada,Rosa Elena; Tufiño Tufiño,Mónica Anahí; Sánchez-Sosa,Juan José

    2011-01-01

    Someterse a radioterapia y padecer los efectos secundarios son situaciones que generan ansiedad y depresión en las mujeres con cáncer de mama. El objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión que presentan las mujeres con cáncer de mama en radioterapia y analizar los efectos y las diferencias de variables clínicas y sociodemográficas sobre su malestar psicológico. Participaron 203 mujeres mexicanas con cáncer de mama en estadios 0-III. Para evaluar ansiedad y depresión se utiliz...

  13. Análise da distribuição espacial de dose absorvida em próton terapia ocular Spatial distribution analysis of absorbed dose in ocular proton radiation therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marília Tavares Christóvão

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Propõe-se avaliar os perfis de dose em profundidade e as distribuições espaciais de dose para protocolos de radioterapia ocular por prótons, a partir de simulações computacionais em código nuclear e modelo de olho discretizado em voxels. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As ferramentas computacionais empregadas foram o código Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking Toolkit e o SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia. O Geant4 é um pacote de software livre, utilizado para simular a passagem de partículas nucleares com carga elétrica através da matéria, pelo método de Monte Carlo. Foram executadas simulações computacionais reprodutivas de radioterapia por próton baseada em instalações pré-existentes. RESULTADOS: Os dados das simulações foram integrados ao modelo de olho através do código SISCODES, para geração das distribuições espaciais de doses. Perfis de dose em profundidade reproduzindo o pico de Bragg puro e modulado são apresentados. Importantes aspectos do planejamento radioterápico com prótons são abordados, como material absorvedor, modulação, dimensões do colimador, energia incidente do próton e produção de isodoses. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a terapia por prótons, quando adequadamente modulada e direcionada, pode reproduzir condições ideais de deposição de dose em neoplasias oculares.OBJECTIVE: The present study proposes the evaluation of the depth-dose profiles and the spatial distribution of radiation dose for ocular proton beam radiotherapy protocols, based on computer simulations in nuclear codes and an eye model discretized into voxels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The employed computational tools were Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking Toolkit and SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia - Computer System for Dosimetry in Radiotherapy. Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through the matter, based on Monte Carlo method. Computer simulations

  14. Complicaciones orales en pacientes sometidos a radioterapia: revisión de literatura / Oral Complications in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Review of Literature

    OpenAIRE

    Hurtado Redondo, Diana Carolina; Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá; Estrada Montoya, John Harold; Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá

    2013-01-01

    Objetivo: Presentar los principales conceptos de radiobiología, radioterapia en cavidadoral y complicaciones asociadas, para llevar a cabo acciones seguras de tipo preventivo yterapéutico por parte del profesional o del equipo tratante. Método: La revisión se llevó acabo en diferentes bases de datos y revistas acerca del manejo odontológico de pacientessometidos a radioterapia. Resultados: Actualmente, el tratamiento para el cáncer tiene unenfoque multidisciplinario, en el cual participan dis...

  15. Efecto de la radioterapia en glándulas salivales accesorias.

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Fernández, Carmen Aránzazu

    2005-01-01

    RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las alteraciones que las radiaciones ionizantes producen sobre las glándulas salivales accesorias labiales. En nuestro estudio se seleccionaron sujetos diagnosticados de un tumor maligno de cabeza y cuello que iban a recibir radioterapia dentro de su tratamiento, incluyendo los labios dentro del campo de irradiación. Se evaluó la secreción salival y las alteraciones morfológicas de las glándulas en el momento del diagnóstico...

  16. Seguridad del paciente en Radioterapia Intraoperatoria: Impacto de los elementos controlados por el Radiofisico

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tarjuelo, Juan Lopez

    Introduccion: En la administracion de la radioterapia intervienen profesionales y equipos de tratamiento, por lo que existe el riesgo de error y se precisa que dicho equipamiento funcione conforme a lo esperado. A los radiofisicos les corresponde participar en las actividades de garantia o aseguramiento de la calidad, incluyendo el control de calidad de los equipos, y en la evaluacion de los riesgos asociados. La radioterapia intraoperatoria (RIO) es una tecnica radioterapica de intensificacion de dosis, altamente selectiva, dirigida a volumenes anatomicos restringidos durante el tratamiento quirurgico oncologico, basada en la administracion de una dosis absorbida alta por medio de un haz de electrones tras el examen visual directo del lecho tumoral. Como incorporar los ultimos avances en el refuerzo de la seguridad en radioterapia es una tarea ambiciosa y compleja, resulta mas concreta y de inmediata aplicacion su introduccion en la RIO. El objetivo es analizar los elementos que reducen los riesgos y aumentan la seguridad en la RIO y su dosimetria, y valorar la funcion del radiofisico en esta labor. Material y metodos: Se emplearon el planificador Radiance de GMV y el acelerador lineal de los tratamientos de RIO Elekta Precise, controlado con el verificador diario de haces Daily QA Check 1090 y medido con las camaras de ionizacion PPC 40, FC65-G y FC65-P de PTW-Freiburg, a su vez verificadas con fuentes radiactivas adecuadas de estroncio-90 modelos CDP y CDC de IBA Dosimetry. Se realizo un analisis de modos de fallo y efectos (failure mode and effect analysis, FMEA) con el fin de identificar los elementos que forman la RIO y aplicar las herramientas necesarias para la minimizacion de los riesgos y la mejora de la seguridad en la tecnica. Se estudiaron las verificaciones diarias de dicho acelerador Precise con el control estadistico de procesos (statistical process control, SPC) y se simularon intervenciones para devolverlo al estado llamado en control. El SPC

  17. Minimal requirements for quality controls in radiotherapy with external beams; Controlli di qualita' essenziali in radioterapia con fasci esterni

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    Physical dosimetric guidelines have been developed by the Italian National Institute of Health study group on quality assurance in radiotherapy to define protocols for quality controls in external beam radiotherapy. While the document does not determine strict rules or firm recommendations, it suggests minimal requirements for quality controls necessary to guarantee an adequate degree of accuracy in external beam radiotherapy. [Italian] Il gruppo di studio Assicurazione di qualita' in radioterapia dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita' presenta le linee guida per la stesura dei protocolli di controllo di qualita' essenziali necessari a garantire un adeguato livello di accuratezza del trattamento radiante e rappresenta pertanto una parte essenziale del contributo fisico-dosimetrico globale di assicurazione di qualita' in radioterapia con fasci esterni.

  18. Deglutição após quimioterapia e radioterapia simultânea para carcinomas de laringe e hipofaringe Swallowing after chemotherapy and radiotherapy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréa Bizarria Cintra

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a deglutição orofaríngea de pacientes submetidos a protocolo de preservação de laringe no Hospital do Câncer AC Camargo. MÉTODOS: De 43 pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de laringe e hipofaringe tratados com quimioterapia semanal (paclitaxel 30 mg/m² e cisplatina 20 mg/m² concomitante à radioterapia externa fracionada (180 cGy/dia, dose total 7040 cGy, foram avaliados 31 pacientes. A avaliação consistiu de videofluoroscopia. Os resultados foram classificados de acordo com alterações de motilidade orofaríngea, estases, aspiração e severidade da disfagia. RESULTADOS: alterações de fase preparatória e oral: estase em cavidade oral (58% e aumento do tempo de trânsito oral (32,3%; fase faríngea: estase em valécula (83,9%, redução da elevação laríngea (74,2%, atraso no início da deglutição faríngea (51,6% e estase em hipofaringe (45,2%. A deglutição funcional foi observada em 35,5% dos pacientes, 54,8% tinham disfagias discretas ou moderadas e 9,6% disfagias severas. CONCLUSÃO: A associação de quimioterapia e radioterapia para preservação laríngea resulta em alterações da deglutição, na maior parte discretas a moderadas. Alguns pacientes, entretanto, evoluem com disfagia severa, em que a alimentação por via oral não é possível.The main goals of the larynx preservation protocol are eradication of cancer and preservation of a functional larynx with maintenance of respiration, phonation and swallowing. Few studies, however have addressed functional outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Functional evaluation of oropharyngeal swallowing in patients enrolled in a larynx preservation protocol at the Hospital do Câncer AC Camargo. METHODS: Evaluation of swallowing was performed by videofluoroscopy in 31 patients, focusing on: oropharyngeal motility disorders, stasis, laryngeal penetration, aspiration and severity of dysphagia. RESULTS: Swallowing analysis: 5 patients showed inefficient bolus preparation

  19. Minimal requirements for quality controls in radiotherapy with external beams; Controlli di qualita' essenziali in radioterapia con fasci esterni

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    Physical dosimetric guidelines have been developed by the Italian National Institute of Health study group on quality assurance in radiotherapy to define protocols for quality controls in external beam radiotherapy. While the document does not determine strict rules or firm recommendations, it suggests minimal requirements for quality controls necessary to guarantee an adequate degree of accuracy in external beam radiotherapy. [Italian] Il gruppo di studio Assicurazione di qualita' in radioterapia dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita' presenta le linee guida per la stesura dei protocolli di controllo di qualita' essenziali necessari a garantire un adeguato livello di accuratezza del trattamento radiante e rappresenta pertanto una parte essenziale del contributo fisico-dosimetrico globale di assicurazione di qualita' in radioterapia con fasci esterni.

  20. Análise videolaringoestroboscópica de pacientes submetidos à radioterapia para tratamento de câncer glótico Videolaryngostroboscopic analysis of patients submitted to radiation therapy for the treatment of glottic cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Luís Quarteiro

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Sendo a radioterapia oncologicamente adequada no tratamento do câncer precoce da laringe, é importante estudar o padrão vibratório, que é componente crítico para os resultados vocais. OBJETIVO: Analisar os achados videolaringoestroboscópicos em um grupo de pacientes submetidos à radioterapia para o tratamento do câncer glótico precoce. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo realizado através da avaliação de 20 pacientes estadiados como T1a glótico de 1995 a 2005. Um protocolo videolaringoestroboscópico foi aplicado. RESULTADOS: O fechamento glótico foi completo em 17 pacientes. A amplitude foi normal em 14 pregas vocais tratadas e em 18 pregas contralaterais. O padrão da onda vibratória mucosa foi sempre totalmente presente, normal ou discretamente diminuído em ambas as pregas vocais, com melhores resultados para a prega vocal contralateral em comparação com aqueles verificados nas pregas vocais com o tumor. A periodicidade foi sempre regular em todos os casos. A simetria e os movimentos das pregas vestibulares e das aritenoides foram normais. Houve constrição supraglótica lateral ocasional em quatro casos. O aspecto da mucosa foi edematoso em seis pacientes. Formação de bola de muco foi observada em 12 pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: O padrão vibratório foi normal ou discretamente diminuído para ambas as pregas vocais após tratamento radioterápico para câncer glótico T1a.Radiation therapy is an adequate treatment for early laryngeal cancer, and it is important to study the vocal fold vibratory pattern, which is essential for a favorable voice outcome. AIM: To analyze laryngostroboscopic findings in a group of patients who underwent radiation therapy for the treatment of early glottic cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in order to evaluate 20 patients staged as T1a glottic tumors in the period from 1995 to 2005. A laryngostroboscopic protocol was applied. RESULTS: Glottic closure was complete in 17 patients

  1. Efeito da clorexidina na mucosite induzida por radioterapia em câncer de cabeça e pescoço Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on radiation induced mucosistis in head and neck cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Labbate

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available A radioterapia em pacientes com neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço causa alterações na mucosa oral comprometendo a execução terapêutica e o resultado final. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito protetor do gluconato de clorexidina, sobre a mucosa oral, durante o tratamento actínico fracionado e o seu reflexo na qualidade de vida referida pelos pacientes. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 21 portadores de câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço alocados em dois grupos: grupo Placebo (n=11, 9H e 2M, idade média 58 anos água destilada - dois bochechos diários e grupo Medicação (n=10, 7H e 2M, idade média 52 anos gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% - dois bochechos diários. Os pacientes foram avaliados semanalmente com exame local para detecção das alterações de mucosa (classificação de acordo com a WHO e Grupo de Terapia por Radiação em Oncologia - graus 0 a IV e preenchimento de questionário de qualidade de vida ressaltando os aspectos de dor, apetite, paladar e hábitos alimentares. A análise estatística realizada pelo teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A graduação da mucosite foi mais intensa no grupo Placebo em 6 das 10 semanas de avaliação. A freqüência e intensidade das dores foram piores no grupo Placebo na 4ª semana de radioterapia e a modificação de paladar foi mais intensa nos indivíduos que não usavam o medicamento apenas na 7ª semana. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos outros parâmetros de qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que o gluconato de clorexidina não eliminou as lesões de mucosa mas diminuiu, significativamente, os seus efeitos deletérios e intensidade sem apresentar um reflexo persistente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes.The radiotherapy in patients with neoplasias of Head and Neck causes alterations in the oral mucous membrane interfering with the therapeutic execution and the final result. AIM: To evaluate the protective effect of the chlorhexidin

  2. Proyecto de blindaje de un acelerador de electrones con finalidad de radioterapia

    OpenAIRE

    Jiménez Gordon, David

    2010-01-01

    El presente proyecto pretende dar cobertura a la reciente revisión de las normativas vigentes (DIN 6847-2, septiembre de 2008 y NCRP Report nº 151, diciembre de 2005) sobre el blindaje de instalaciones de radioterapia equipadas con acelerador lineal. En estas instalaciones el blindaje constituye prácticamente el 100% de la obra civil del proyecto. En los últimos años, en España y a nivel mundial, se ha experimentado un gran aumento de las solicitudes de autorización de este tip...

  3. The hypersurfaces with conformal normal Gauss map in Hn+1 and S1n+1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shuguo Shi

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, we introduce the fourth fundamental forms for hypersurfaces in Hn+1 and space-like hypersurfaces in S1n+1, and discuss the conformality of the normal Gauss map of the hypersurfaces in Hn+1 and S1n+1. Particularly, we discuss the surfaces with conformal normal Gauss map in H³ and S³1, and prove a duality property. We give a Weierstrass representation formula for space-like surfaces in S³1 with conformal normal Gauss map. We also state the similar results for time-like surfaces in S³1. Some examples of surfaces in S³1 with conformal normal Gauss map are given and a fully nonlinear equation of Monge-Ampère type for the graphs in S³1 with conformal normal Gauss map is derived.Neste artigo, introduzimos a quarta forma fundamental de uma hipersuperfície em Hn+1 de uma hipersuperfície tipo-espaço em S1n+1, e discutimos a conformalidade da aplicação normal de Gauss de tais hipersuperfícies. Em particular, investigamos o caso de superfícies com aplicação normal de Gauss conforme em H³ e S³1, e provamos um teorema de dualidade. Apresentamos uma representação de Weierstrass para superfícies tipo-espaço em S³1 com aplicação de Gauss conforme. Enunciamos também resultados semelhantes para superfícies tipo-tempo em S³1. São dados alguns exemplos de superfícies em S³1 com aplicações de Gauss conformes, e é deduzida uma equação totalmente não-linear do tipo Monge-Ampère para gráficos em S³1 com aplicações de Gauss conformes.

  4. Desenvolvimento puberal em meninas tratadas de LLA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monteiro I.M.M.

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento puberal após o tratamento de leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA na infância, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, em meninas tratadas de janeiro de 1980 a janeiro de 1991, no Centro de Investigações Hematológicas "Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini", em Campinas-SP. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 42 meninas, tratadas antes da puberdade com quimioterapia sistêmica e intratecal e radioterapia cranial, utilizando doses de 18 ou 24 Grays (Gy. RESULTADOS: As idades médias da telarca, pubarca e menarca foram inferiores às do grupo-controle, embora com significância estatística apenas para a idade da telarca. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos tratados com 18 ou 24Gy. As meninas tratadas antes dos cinco anos de idade apresentaram idade média da menarca estatisticamente inferior àquelas tratadas após cinco anos e em relação ao grupo-controle. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que o desenvolvimento puberal em meninas tratadas de LLA na infância foi mais precoce que o de meninas saudáveis.

  5. Quality controls in radiotherapy. From experiences of the first course-debate; Controlli di qualita' in radioterapia. Dalle esperienze del primo corso-dibattito

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rosi, A; Viti, V [Istituto Superiore di Sanita' , Laboratorio di Fisica, Rome (Italy)

    2000-07-01

    The document reports the main issues discussed during the first course-debate on quality controls in radiotherapy, held in Rome in December 3-4, 1998 and May 3-5 1999 in collaboration between the Istituto Superiore di Sanita' and the Istituto Regina Elena. The points considered critical to the quality assurance in radiotherapy by the participants are presented in relation to the total radiotherapy procedure. [Italian] Questo documento e' dedicato al primo corso-dibattito sui controlli di qualita' in radioterapia svoltosi a Roma il 3-4 dicembre 1998 e il 3-5 maggio 1999 in collaborazione tra l'Istituto Superiore di Sanita' e l'Istituto Regina Elena. Esso presenta gli argomenti ritenuti critici per l'assicurazione di qualita' in radioterapia in relazione all'intera procedura radioterapica, in base alle esperienze dei partecipanti.

  6. Implementação do processo de enfermagem em uma unidade de radioterapia: elaboração de instrumento para registro Implementación del proceso de enfermería en una unidad de radioterapia: elaboración de instrumento para el registro Implementation of nursing process in a radiotherapy unit: creation of a record card

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Francisca Vaz

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available É meta de nosso serviço sistematizar a assistência de enfermagem a clientes portadoras de câncer genital e mamário, submetidas a tratamento ambulatorial em radioterapia, através do processo de enfermagem, utilizando-se, na fase diagnóstica, a taxionomia da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA e os problemas colaborativos. Foram elaboradas fichas que permitissem o registro de forma sucinta e completa dos dados mais relevantes para a assistência de enfermagem, contendo: anamnese, orientações gerais a respeito do tratamento, principais diagnósticos de enfermagem e problemas colaborativos, intervenções, resultados esperados e evolução. Esses impressos foram testados no serviço e avaliados pela equipe que os desenvolveu quanto ao conteúdo e diagramação, até se obterem os modelos atuais que são apresentados neste artigo.Con el objetivo de sistematizar la asistencia de enfermería para las pacientes de cáncer genital y mamário, que hacen tratamiento en radioterapia, a través del proceso de enfermería, se hicieron fichas para el registro breve y completo de los datos más relevantes en relación con la atención de enfermería. En el proceso de enfermería fueron usados los diagnósticos de la taxonomía de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA y problemas colaborativos durante el periodo de investigación. Las fichas contienen: datos de anamnesis, orientaciones generales en relación con el tratamiento, principales problemas colaborativos, principales diagnósticos de enfermería, intervenciones, resultados esperados y evolución. Los instrumentos fueron probados en el servicio y evaluados por las personas que las hicieron en relación con su contenido y diagramación , hasta tener el formato actual que es el que se presenta en este artículo.The goal of our service is to systematize the nursing care provided to the clients with gynecological and mammary cancer who underwent radiation therapy

  7. Quality controls in radiotherapy. From experiences of the first course-debate; Controlli di qualita' in radioterapia. Dalle esperienze del primo corso-dibattito

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rosi, A.; Viti, V. [Istituto Superiore di Sanita' , Laboratorio di Fisica, Rome (Italy)

    2000-07-01

    The document reports the main issues discussed during the first course-debate on quality controls in radiotherapy, held in Rome in December 3-4, 1998 and May 3-5 1999 in collaboration between the Istituto Superiore di Sanita' and the Istituto Regina Elena. The points considered critical to the quality assurance in radiotherapy by the participants are presented in relation to the total radiotherapy procedure. [Italian] Questo documento e' dedicato al primo corso-dibattito sui controlli di qualita' in radioterapia svoltosi a Roma il 3-4 dicembre 1998 e il 3-5 maggio 1999 in collaborazione tra l'Istituto Superiore di Sanita' e l'Istituto Regina Elena. Esso presenta gli argomenti ritenuti critici per l'assicurazione di qualita' in radioterapia in relazione all'intera procedura radioterapica, in base alle esperienze dei partecipanti.

  8. Postoperative radiotherapy-induced morbidity in rectal cancer Morbilidad de la radioterapia postoperatoria en el cáncer de recto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Garay Burdeos

    2004-11-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: we analyzed long-term morbidity and bowel function alteration after postoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer following resection with anastomosis. Patients and methods: thirty-seven patients who underwent surgery with intention to cure and a minimal follow-up period of 3 years were included. These patients were divided into two groups: in the first group, 14 patients received postoperative chemo-radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid, and 45 Gy plus 5 Gy boost. In the second group, there were 23 patients regarded as controls. We designed a questionnaire about their bowel function and analyzed the morbidity detected in their follow-up. Results: the group that was treated with postoperative chemo-radiotherapy had more daily bowel movements (p = 0.03 and night-time movements (p = 0.04; incontinence (69.2 versus 17.4% in the control group; p = 0.002, and perianal skin irritation (p = 0.04 versus the control group. Although without meaningful differences, the group under treatment wore a pad more often, had more defecatory urgency, could distinguish worse gas from stool, and needed more frequently antidiarrheal measures. Major complications were present in 28.6% of the under-treatment group: three intestinal resections were performed due to actinic stenosis; one patient had a residual stercoral fistula; another had several occlusive crises solved with medical treatment. Conclusions: postoperative chemo-radiotherapy had a high morbidity rate, which determined a significant alteration in quality of life. Accuracy in indication is therefore necessary, as well as a consideration of other alternatives for treatment, such as preoperative chemo-radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision.Objetivos: analizar la morbilidad y alteración del funcionalismo rectal a largo plazo de la radioterapia postoperatoria tras resección con anastomosis en el cáncer de recto. Material y métodos: se incluyen 37 pacientes intervenidos con intenci

  9. Sequelas bucais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço Oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Antunes Freitas

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available TEMA: cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia são as modalidades terapêuticas usadas no tratamento de câncer bucal. Podem ser usadas isoladas ou conjuntamente. Radiação ionizante causa lesões nos tecidos normais localizados no campo de radiação. Isto se torna particularmente evidente nas regiões de cabeça, uma área complexa composta de várias estruturas diferentes que respondem diferentemente à radiação. As seqüelas orais resultantes podem causar problemas substanciais durante e depois da terapia de radiação e são os maiores fatores de determinação na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Dentre as complicações da radioterapia estão a xerostomia, osteorradionecrose, mucosite e candidose. OBJETIVO: apresentar aos profissionais de saúde uma reflexão sobre as questões pertinentes às sequelas bucais da radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço. CONCLUSÃO: o acompanhamento odontológico sistemático pode minimizar os efeitos da radiação sobre os tecidos da cavidade bucal.BACKGROUND: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are therapeutic modalities used in the treatment of oral cancer. They can be used separately or in combination. Ionizing irradiation causes damage to normal tissues located at the radiation field. This becomes particularly evident in the head and neck region, a complex area composed of several dissimilar structures that respond differently to radiation. The resulting oral sequelae may cause substantial problems during and after radiation therapy and are major factors in determining the patient's quality of life. Xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis, mucositis and candidosis are some of radiotherapy's complications. PURPOSE: introduce health professionals to reflect on issues relevant to oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: regular dental follow-up may reduce the effects of radiation in the tissues of the oral cavity.

  10. Aplicación del Método de Monte Carlo a la Planificación en Radioterapia y a la Reconstrucción de Espectros de Fotones de Aceleradores Lineales de Partículas (LinAc)

    OpenAIRE

    Juste Vidal, Belen Jeanine

    2011-01-01

    La radioterapia es uno de los tratamientos más generalizados aplicados a los pacientes que padecen determinados tipos de cáncer. Sin embargo, la efectividad de este tipo de tratamientos en la destrucción de las células cancerígenas lleva asociada la posibilidad de sufrir los efectos secundarios de la radiación sobre los tejidos sanos circundantes. El riesgo de lesión de las células sanas depende fundamentalmente de la orientación del haz emitido por la unidad de radioterapia y de la intensida...

  11. Cardiovascular effects of radiation therapy; Efectos cardiovasculares de la radioterapia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alvarez, Jose A.G.; Leiva, Gustavo [Hospital Britanico, Buenos Aires (Argentina).Servicio de Cardiologia; Schwartz, Laura; D' Angiola, Marisa [Hospital de Ninos ' Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez' , Buenos Aires (Argentina)

    2001-03-15

    Therapeutic mediastinal irradiation can induce heart disease with variable degree of cardiac engagement. Heart disease manifestations depend on the grade of involvement of the different cardiac structures. During the first two years following irradiation, pericarditis with or without pericardial effusion is the most common manifestation of toxicity related to radiation therapy. Later on, after a latency period of five to ten years, a constrictive pericarditis may develop. Other type of late cardiac toxicities due to irradiation are restrictive cardiomyopathy, multiple valvular disease, coronary artery disease and different atrioventricular conduction disturbances. The therapeutic approach to this kind of heart disease has to be focused on its progressive course and in the possibility of a global involvement of all the cardiac structures. Pericardiectomy is strongly recommended for recurrent pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. Cardiac surgery for myocardial revascularization or valvular disease can be performed with variable results; the presence of myocardial fibrosis can significantly affect perioperative management and long-term results. Cardiac transplantation is a promissory option for those patients with end-stage cardiac failure. Immunosuppressive regimens are not associated with recurrence of malignancy. (author) [Spanish] La radioterapia aplicada sobre el mediastino puede afectar las diferentes estructuras cardiacas. De la magnitud de ese compromiso dependera la aparicion de diversas manifestaciones clinicas. La pericarditis, con derrame o sin el, es lo mas habitual en los dos primeros anios; algunas evolucionan hacia la cronicidad para desarrollar, cinco a diez anios mas tarde, una pericarditis constrictiva. Otras manifestaciones tardias inducidas por la radioterapia pueden ser miocardiopatia restrictiva por fibrosis intersticial, disfunciones valvulares multiples, enfermedad obstructiva coronaria y trastornos en el sistema de conduccion

  12. Normal tissue complications after radiation therapy Las complicaciones de la radioterapia en los tejidos sanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jolyon H. Hendry

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes the biological mechanisms of normal tissue reactions after radiation therapy, with reference to conventional treatments, new treatments, and treatments in developing countries. It also describes biological reasons for the latency period before tissue complications arise, the relationship of dose to incidence, the effect of increasing the size of the irradiated volume, early and late tissue reactions, effects of changes in dose fractionation and dose rate, and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy responses. Examples are given of increases in knowledge of clinical radiobiology from trials of new protocols. Potential modification to treatments include the use of biological response modifiers. The introduction of "response prediction" modifications to treatments might also be available in the near future. Finally, the paper points out that in some radiotherapy centers, the biologically-effective doses prescribed for combined brachytherapy and teletherapy treatment of cervix cancer are lower than those prescribed in other centers. This issue needs to be addressed further. The wealth of preclinical and clinical data has led to a much greater understanding of the biological basis to radiotherapy. This understanding has underpinned a variety of new approaches in radiotherapy, including both physical and biological strategies. There is also the important issue of treatment of a large number of cancers in developing countries, for which efficacious resource-sparing protocols are being continuously developed. A unified scoring system should be widely accepted as the new standard in reporting the adverse effects of radiation therapy. Likewise, late toxicity should be reported on an actuarial basis as a mandatory endpoint.En este artículo se describen los mecanismos biológicos que intervienen en las reacciones provocadas por la radioterapia, tanto con tratamientos convencionales como con los más nuevos, y los aplicados en países en

  13. Necrose pelvi-perineal pós-radioterapia para câncer de próstata: relato de caso Perineal necrosis following radiotherapy for prostate cancer: case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Gustavo Kotze

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Cerca de 75 % dos pacientes irradiados para o tratamento do câncer de próstata desenvolverão sintomas proctológicos, como urgência, dor retal, tenesmo e sangramento. O objetivo deste relato é descrever a ocorrência de necrose pelvi-perineal difusa associada à radioterapia para câncer de próstata, já que casos semelhantes não foram encontrados na literatura. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente de 77 anos, com adenocarcinoma de próstata, que realizou radioterapia pélvica de 70 Gy como tratamento. Após 4 meses, identificou-se extensa lesão ulcerada de parede anterior do reto, extendendo-se superiormente até a junção retossigmoideana, com diagnóstico de proctite actínica, sem identificação de malignidade. O paciente desenvolveu necrose da pele perineal, próstata, reto e musculatura do assoalho pélvico, que foi tratada com colostomia e extenso debridamento. Apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória e realizou tratamento com oxigenoterapia hiperbárica para cicatrização da ferida. A prevenção parece ser a melhor forma de tratamento de lesões actínicas em órgãos pélvicos. Pacientes submetidos a altas doses de irradiação encontram-se em risco real de desenvolvimento de lesões mais graves.Around 75% of the patients submitted to radiotherapy for prostate cancer will develop anorectal symptoms, such as fecal urgency, bleeding, rectal pain and tenesmus. Perineal necrosis is a very rare event in these cases. The purpose of this report is the description of a diffuse perineal necrosis due to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer. This is a report of a 77-year old male, submitted to radiotherapy with 70 Gy of pelvic radiation for prostate cancer treatment. He came to outpatient practice after 4 months with anorectal complaints. Further investigation revealed severe radiation proctitis, with a perineal wound and external anal sphincter damage. The patient was submitted to a loop transverse colostomy with extended

  14. O perfil Brasileiro de propriedade intelectual em radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem em um contexto internacional, nos anos 2000-2009

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Roberto Barbosa Serapião

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a inovação tecnológica brasileira na área de radiologia e diagnóstico por imagem, em termos de indicadores de patentes. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo analítico-exploratório de informações recuperadas por meio de consultas cruzadas nas bases de dados dos escritórios de propriedade intelectual do Brasil (Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial - INPI, dos Estados Unidos (United States Patent and Trademark Office - USPTO e da Europa (European Patent Office - EPO. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas 277.057 patentes. Desse total, 7.800 foram registradas no INPI (3%, 65.428 (24% registradas no EPO e 203.829 (73% emitidas no USPTO. O Brasil é o país signatário em 1.732 patentes publicadas no INPI, 80 no EPO e 26 no escritório USPTO. Globalmente, 219.993 (79% patentes referiam-se a dispositivos eletrônicos ligados a informática em saúde, ultrassonografia, ressonância magnética, tomografia computadorizada e procedimentos de geração, comunicação e arquivamento de imagens, e 57.064 (21% das patentes tratavam das tecnologias relacionadas a radioproteção e dosimetria, física nuclear, eletroterapia, terapia magnética e radioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos apontam para a fragilidade da produção nacional de inovação tecnológica registrada em patentes, no campo de radiologia e diagnóstico por Imagem.

  15. Prevenção e controle das seqüelas bucais em pacientes irradiados por tumores de cabeça e pescoço Prevention and control of sequels in the mouth of patients treated with radiation therapy for head and neck tumors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Fátima Aparecida Cardoso

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available A cirurgia e a radioterapia são os principais métodos de tratamento das neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço. Dentre os efeitos colaterais resultantes da interação da radiação ionizante sobre os tecidos, temos dermatite, mucosite, xerostomia, candidíase, alteração do paladar, disfagia, cárie, trismo e osteorradionecrose. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a condição odontológica dos pacientes, através de protocolo que permita impedir ou minimizar os efeitos da radiação sobre os tecidos da cavidade bucal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se acompanhamento odontológico, antes, durante e até 180 dias após a radioterapia, em 12 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia e radioterapia, ou radioterapia exclusiva. RESULTADOS: Efeitos como dermatite, mucosite, alteração do paladar e disfagia cresceram em proporção a partir da segunda semana de tratamento até o final das aplicações, decrescendo visivelmente quando do término, chegando próximos aos valores basais após 180 dias. Quanto à xerostomia, a redução ocorreu mais lentamente e com menor efetividade. Cárie, trismo e osteorradionecrose não foram observados durante o período de avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: O acompanhamento odontológico sistemático, junto com medidas preventivas como adequação bucal prévia, orientações sobre higienização, utilização de bochechos de água bicarbonatada, chá de camomila, aplicação tópica de flúor, contribuíram para promover melhores condições de restabelecimento em pacientes com neoplasia da região de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia.Surgery and radiation therapy are de main treatments for head and neck cancer. The side effects of the interaction of ionizing radiation on the tissues include dermatitis, mucositis, xerostomia, candidiasis, dysgeusia, dysphagia, caries, trismus, osteoradionecrosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess dental condition of the patients using a protocol which allows avoiding or reducing the effects of radiation in the tissues of

  16. Tratamiento del cáncer de cabeza y cuello en estadio avanzado inoperable mediante quimioterapia intraarterial y radioterapia concomitante

    OpenAIRE

    García Sevilla, Alba

    2017-01-01

    La quimioterapia intraarterial y radioterapia concomitante fue descrita por Robbins en 1994 en el tratamiento de pacientes con tumores irresecables de cabeza y cuello, consistiendo en una infusión supraselectiva intraarterial de cisplatino en la arteria nutricia del tumor y una infusión sistémica de tiosulfato sódico, un agente quelante que protege al resto del organismo de la toxicidad del cisplatino. Se consigue una dosis alta del quimioterápico en la zona tumoral minimizando los efectos tó...

  17. Cryo-EM of the pathogenic VCP variant R155P reveals long-range conformational changes in the D2 ATPase ring

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mountassif, Driss; Fabre, Lucien [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines (GRASP), Groupe d' Étude des Proteines Membranaires (GÉPROM), 3640 University Street, Montreal H3A 0C7 (Canada); Zaid, Younes [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines (GRASP), Groupe d' Étude des Proteines Membranaires (GÉPROM), 3640 University Street, Montreal H3A 0C7 (Canada); Current address: Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec (Canada); Halawani, Dalia [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines (GRASP), Groupe d' Étude des Proteines Membranaires (GÉPROM), 3640 University Street, Montreal H3A 0C7 (Canada); Current address: Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195 (United States); Rouiller, Isabelle, E-mail: isabelle.rouiller@mcgill.ca [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines (GRASP), Groupe d' Étude des Proteines Membranaires (GÉPROM), 3640 University Street, Montreal H3A 0C7 (Canada)

    2015-12-25

    Single amino acid mutations in valosin containing protein (VCP/p97), a highly conserved member of the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA) family of ATPases has been linked to a severe degenerative disease affecting brain, muscle and bone tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of VCP mutations in altering the ATPase activity of the D2 ring; however the structural consequences of these mutations remain unclear. In this study, we report the three-dimensional (3D) map of the pathogenic VCP variant, R155P, as revealed by single-particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) analysis at 14 Å resolution. We show that the N-terminal R155P mutation induces a large structural reorganisation of the D2 ATPase ring. Results from docking studies using crystal structure data of available wild-type VCP in the EM density maps indicate that the major difference is localized at the interface between two protomers within the D2 ring. Consistent with a conformational change, the VCP R155P variant shifted the isoelectric point of the protein and reduced its interaction with its well-characterized cofactor, nuclear protein localization-4 (Npl4). Together, our results demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution in the N-terminal domain can relay long-range conformational changes to the distal D2 ATPase ring. Our results provide the first structural clues of how VCP mutations may influence the activity and function of the D2 ATPase ring. - Highlights: • p97{sub R155P} and p97{sub A232E} decrease the ability of p97 to bind to its co-factor Npl4. • p97{sub R155P} has a different isoelectric point than that of p97{sub R95G}, p97{sub A232E} and p97{sub WT}. • Mutation R155P changes principally the conformation of the D2 ring. • Mutation R155P modifies the interface between two protomers within the D2 ring.

  18. Cryo-EM of the pathogenic VCP variant R155P reveals long-range conformational changes in the D2 ATPase ring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mountassif, Driss; Fabre, Lucien; Zaid, Younes; Halawani, Dalia; Rouiller, Isabelle

    2015-01-01

    Single amino acid mutations in valosin containing protein (VCP/p97), a highly conserved member of the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA) family of ATPases has been linked to a severe degenerative disease affecting brain, muscle and bone tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of VCP mutations in altering the ATPase activity of the D2 ring; however the structural consequences of these mutations remain unclear. In this study, we report the three-dimensional (3D) map of the pathogenic VCP variant, R155P, as revealed by single-particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) analysis at 14 Å resolution. We show that the N-terminal R155P mutation induces a large structural reorganisation of the D2 ATPase ring. Results from docking studies using crystal structure data of available wild-type VCP in the EM density maps indicate that the major difference is localized at the interface between two protomers within the D2 ring. Consistent with a conformational change, the VCP R155P variant shifted the isoelectric point of the protein and reduced its interaction with its well-characterized cofactor, nuclear protein localization-4 (Npl4). Together, our results demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution in the N-terminal domain can relay long-range conformational changes to the distal D2 ATPase ring. Our results provide the first structural clues of how VCP mutations may influence the activity and function of the D2 ATPase ring. - Highlights: • p97 R155P and p97 A232E decrease the ability of p97 to bind to its co-factor Npl4. • p97 R155P has a different isoelectric point than that of p97 R95G , p97 A232E and p97 WT . • Mutation R155P changes principally the conformation of the D2 ring. • Mutation R155P modifies the interface between two protomers within the D2 ring.

  19. Angiofibroma juvenil de nasofaringe:: actualización de los resultados de la radioterapia Nasopharyngeal juvenile angiofribroma:: updating of radiotherapy results

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alert Silva

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El angiofibroma juvenil de nasofaringe es un tumor benigno infrecuente, compuesto de tejido conectivo fibroso y abundancia de espacios vasculares revestidos de endotelio. Es casi exclusivo del sexo masculino y de la adolescencia. El tratamiento de elección es la exéresis, sin descartar otras posibilidades como la radioterapia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue presentar los resultados de esta última como opción terapéutica. MÉTODOS. Se estudió una serie de 11 pacientes, todos del sexo masculino, con edades entre 9 y 16 años, que fueron tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana entre 1990 y 2005. Los pacientes fueron seguidos entre 48 y 306 meses. La radioterapia aplicada consistió en la irradiación de todo el volumen tumoral, con un margen de seguridad, en dosis de 40 a 60 Gy, con 1,8 Gy por sesión. Asociado a la radioterapia se utilizó interferón, durante y después de la irradiación, y poliquimioterapia en 1 paciente. RESULTADOS. Se obtuvo la remisión completa mantenida, sin recidivas, en 10 pacientes. No hubo pacientes con un segundo tumor. Presentaron complicaciones tempranas todos los pacientes, y tardías, solo algunos. Entre las complicaciones tempranas se halló radiomucositis y conjuntivis radiógena, y las más graves de las tardías fueron la pérdida permanente de las pestañas del párpado inferior en un caso y cataratas radiógenas en 4 pacientes. CONCLUSIONES. La radioterapia es un tratamiento que conserva su utilidad e indicaciones específicas.INTRODUCTION: The nasopharyngeal juvenile angiofribroma is a uncommon benign tumor composed of fibrous connective tissue and many vascular spaces covered by endothelium. It is almost exclusive of male sex and of adolescents. Choice treatment is the exeresis without obviate other possibilities as the radiotherapy. The aim of present study was to show the results of this latter as therapeutical option. METHODS: Authors

  20. Cryo-EM of the pathogenic VCP variant R155P reveals long-range conformational changes in the D2 ATPase ring.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mountassif, Driss; Fabre, Lucien; Zaid, Younes; Halawani, Dalia; Rouiller, Isabelle

    2015-12-25

    Single amino acid mutations in valosin containing protein (VCP/p97), a highly conserved member of the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA) family of ATPases has been linked to a severe degenerative disease affecting brain, muscle and bone tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of VCP mutations in altering the ATPase activity of the D2 ring; however the structural consequences of these mutations remain unclear. In this study, we report the three-dimensional (3D) map of the pathogenic VCP variant, R155P, as revealed by single-particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) analysis at 14 Å resolution. We show that the N-terminal R155P mutation induces a large structural reorganisation of the D2 ATPase ring. Results from docking studies using crystal structure data of available wild-type VCP in the EM density maps indicate that the major difference is localized at the interface between two protomers within the D2 ring. Consistent with a conformational change, the VCP R155P variant shifted the isoelectric point of the protein and reduced its interaction with its well-characterized cofactor, nuclear protein localization-4 (Npl4). Together, our results demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution in the N-terminal domain can relay long-range conformational changes to the distal D2 ATPase ring. Our results provide the first structural clues of how VCP mutations may influence the activity and function of the D2 ATPase ring. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Carcinoma espinocelular em couro cabeludo inicialmente diagnosticado como queratoacantoma

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    Priscila Wolf Nassif

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available O queratoacantoma pode com muita facilidade ser confundido com carcinoma espinocelular, tanto clínica quanto histopatologicamente. Só o queratoacantoma, entretanto, pode regredir de maneira espontânea. Relata-se caso de paciente com lesão exofídica, ulcerada e infiltrada em couro cabeludo previamente diagnosticada como queratoacantoma. O exame histopatológico confirmou carcinoma espinocelular, e a tomografia de crânio evidenciou invasão da calota craniana. Procedeu-se à excisão cirúrgica com margens amplas e confecção de retalho de rotação, seguida de tratamento adjuvante com quimioterapia e radioterapia. Há muitos relatos na literatura de carcinomas espinocelulareserroneamente diagnosticados como queratoacantomas demonstrando a dificuldade nessa diferenciação. Enquanto não se estabelecem métodos eficazes para distinguir as duas entidades, o tratamento de escolha deve ser a excisão cirúrgica.

  2. Significado prognóstico do linfonodo metastático N3 em carcinomas epidermóides de cabeça e pescoço

    OpenAIRE

    Amar,Ali; Curioni,Otávio Alberto; Rapoport,Abrão

    2004-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento da doença metastática em estádio avançado (N3) e sua relação com o prognóstico do carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: Foram revisados as informações de prontuários de 241 pacientes, com carcinoma espinocelular de boca, orofaringe, laringe e hipofaringe com metástases cervicais maiores que 6 cm (N3) submetidos à cirurgia e/ou radioterapia, no Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Heliópolis...

  3. Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica em lesões actínicas de colo de ratos: aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos Hiperbaric oxygen in actinic lesions of rat colon: morphological and morphometric aspects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Ligia Lyra Pereira

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar a ação da oxigenação hiperbárica em lesões actínicas provocadas por radiação ionizante no colo distal de ratas. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 32 ratas adultas distribuídas em quatro grupos. I - sham; II - oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (OHT; III - radioterapia (RT, e IV - radioterapia e oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (da mesma maneira que nos grupos II e III. Segmentos de colo distal foram fixados em formol a 10% e processados para avaliação histológica e morfométrica. Resultados: Os resultados do experimento mostraram lesão das glândulas intestinais, vasodilatação e infiltrado leucocitário na lâmina própria e submucosa no colo dos animais pertencentes ao grupo RT que diminuiu acentudadamente após a oxigenioterapia hiperbárica. Conclusão: A oxigenitoterapia hiperbárica atenua as alterações morfológicas da mucosa e submucosa do cólon distal de ratas com enterite induzida por radiação ionizante.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of hiperbaric oxygen on the radiation-induced actinic lesions in the rat distal colon. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar female rats were divided into four groups: I - sham; II - hiperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT; III - radiotherapy (RT, e IV - radiotherapy and hiperbaric oxygen (the same manner of II and III group. Fragments of distal colon were fixed into 10% formadehyde and proceeded for the histological routine and morphology. Results: The experimental results showed the intestinal gland lesions, vasodilation and infiltrated leucocytes in propria laminae and submucosae in rat colon of GIII that accentuated colon after hiperbaric oxygen Conclusion: Hiperbaric oxygen attenuated the morphological changes in the mucosae and submucosae of the rat distal colon with radiation-induced inflammatory process.

  4. Conformal Nets II: Conformal Blocks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bartels, Arthur; Douglas, Christopher L.; Henriques, André

    2017-08-01

    Conformal nets provide a mathematical formalism for conformal field theory. Associated to a conformal net with finite index, we give a construction of the `bundle of conformal blocks', a representation of the mapping class groupoid of closed topological surfaces into the category of finite-dimensional projective Hilbert spaces. We also construct infinite-dimensional spaces of conformal blocks for topological surfaces with smooth boundary. We prove that the conformal blocks satisfy a factorization formula for gluing surfaces along circles, and an analogous formula for gluing surfaces along intervals. We use this interval factorization property to give a new proof of the modularity of the category of representations of a conformal net.

  5. Elaboração e implementação de um programa para verificação dos cálculos das unidades monitoras em radioterapia Development and implementation of a software for assessment of calculations in radiotherapy monitor units

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Rogério Müller

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Desenvolvimento e implementação de um programa, fundamentado no algoritmo de cálculo manual, para verificação dos cálculos de unidades monitoras em radioterapia e estabelecimento de patamares de aceitação, como mecanismo de garantia da qualidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os dados apresentados foram obtidos a partir dos aceleradores lineares modelo Clinac 600C e 2100C, da Varian, e o sistema de planejamento de tratamento computadorizado utilizado foi o CadPlan™. RESULTADOS: Para os feixes de 6 MV os patamares de aceitação para desvios entre os cálculos de unidades monitoras, separados por região de tratamento, foram: mama (0,0% ± 1,7%, cabeça e pescoço (1,5% ± 0,5%, hipófise (-1,7% ± 0,5%, pelve (2,1% ± 2,1% e tórax (0,2% ± 1,3%. Para os feixes de 15 MV, o patamar sugerido para pelve em todas as técnicas de tratamento foi de (3,2% ± 1,3%. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados são suficientes para justificar seu uso na prática clínica como ferramenta no programa de garantia da qualidade.OBJECTIVE: To develop and implement a software based on the manual calculation algorithm for verification of the calculations in radiotherapy monitor units and to establish acceptance levels as a mechanism of quality assurance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from Clinac 600C and 2100C Varian linear accelerators and the computerized treatment planning system used was CadPlan™. RESULTS: For the 6 MV beams the acceptance levels for deviations among the calculations of monitor units, divided by treatment area, were the following: breast (0.0% ± 1.7%, head and neck (1.5% ± 0.5%, hypophysis (-1.7% ± 0.5%, pelvis (2.1% ± 2.1% and thorax (0.2% ± 1.3%. For the 15 MV beams the suggested level for pelvis in all the treatment techniques was (3.2% ± 1.3%. CONCLUSION: The present data are sufficient to justify the use of the software in the clinical practice as a tool for the quality assurance program.

  6. Conformidade de acessos e de saídas de postos de operação em tratores agrícolas segundo norma NBR/ISO 4252 Conformity of the accesses and exits of agricultural tractors workplaces according to NBR/ISO 4252 STANDARD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle M. P. Mattar

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a conformidade dos acessos e de saídas dos postos de operação em tratores agrícolas, por meio de população amostral dos tratores fabricados no Brasil. Para a avaliação, diversos itens referentes aos acessos e às saídas dos postos de operação foram analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente com base nos padrões da Norma NBR/ISO 4252. Ao final do trabalho, foi observado que os tratores classificados na Classe III, quanto à potência nominal do motor, atendem ao maior número de requisitos da Norma em comparação a tratores da Classe II. Dentre os itens avaliados, a altura da plataforma até o teto dos postos de operação foi atendida por todos os modelos. As presenças de batentes de proteção sobre os degraus e de corrimão para o operador foram os itens em maior desconformidade sobre os tratores. Como resultado médio, a população amostral foi conforme em 66% dos itens analisados. Os tratores dotados de motores de maior potência apresentaram, em geral, acessos e saídas dos postos de operação mais ergonômicos e seguros. De maneira geral, conclui-se pela baixa conformidade dos itens de ergonomia e de segurança dispostos ao operador sobre os postos de operação em tratores agrícolas nacionais.This work had as objective to evaluate the conformity of agricultural tractors workplaces accesses and exits made in Brazil. For this evaluation, the workplaces were analyzed according to NBR/ISO 4252 Standard. It was observed that the tractors classified in Class III, in relation to power engine, was better then tractors in Class II. Among the parameters evaluated, the platform weight of operator workplace was attended by all the tractors. The items in less conformoty in agricultural tractors are the doorpost of protection on the steps and the handrail to the operator. As results, the sampling population was conformed in 66% of the analyzed items. The tractors with more powerful engines

  7. Dermatoses em renais cronicos em terapia dialitica

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    Luis Alberto Batista Peres

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: As desordens cutâneas e das mucosas são comuns em pacientes em hemodiálise a longo prazo. A diálise prolonga a expectativa de vida, dando tempo para a manifestação destas anormalidades. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência de problemas dermatológicos em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC em hemodiálise. Métodos: Cento e quarenta e cinco pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise foram estudados. Todos os pacientes foram completamente analisados para as alterações cutâneas, de cabelos, mucosas e unhas por um único examinador e foram coletados dados de exames laboratoriais. Os dados foram armazenados em um banco de dados do Microsolft Excel e analisados por estatística descritiva. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student e as variáveis categóricas utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado ou o teste Exato de Fischer, conforme adequado. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 145 pacientes, com idade média de 53,6 ± 14,7 anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino (64,1% e caucasianos (90,0%. O tempo médio de diálise foi de 43,3 ± 42,3 meses. As principais doenças subjacentes foram: hipertensão arterial em 33,8%, diabetes mellitus em 29,6% e glomerulonefrite crônica em 13,1%. As principais manifestações dermatológicas observadas foram: xerose em 109 (75,2%, equimose em 87 (60,0%, prurido em 78 (53,8% e lentigo em 33 (22,8% pacientes. Conclusão: O nosso estudo mostrou a presença de mais do que uma dermatose por paciente. As alterações cutâneas são frequentes em pacientes em diálise. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor caracterização e manejo destas dermatoses.

  8. Avaliação hormonal indireta e estudo da preservação folicular em tecido ovariano autólogo transplantado para região inguinal em ratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ceschin Álvaro Pigatto

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O transplante autólogo de tecido ovariano tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores pela perspectiva de manter a funcionalidade deste órgão, mesmo não localizado em seu sítio habitual, sendo daí removido, a fim de minimizar os efeitos causados, por exemplo, pela radioterapia. Este trabalho visa a analisar a efetividade da técnica de autotransplante subcutâneo de tecido ovariano bisseccionado em região inguinal de ratas albinas, próximo aos vasos femorais, através do estudo indireto da produção hormonal, feita pela avaliação da citologia de esfregaços vaginais e do estudo direto da viabilidade tecidual, realizado por meio da análise histológica. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se 30 ratas, que sofreram ooforectomia bilateral, sendo 15 delas destinadas ao controle e 15 submetidas ao transplante ovariano. Decorridos 28 dias, recuperaram-se e avaliaram-se os enxertos. As análises da citologia dos esfregaços vaginais efetuaram-se no momento 0, ou seja, pré-transplante, e no momento 1, pós-transplante, para os animais de ambos os grupos e a avaliação histológica realizou-se no momento 0 para os dois grupos e no momento 1 para os animais transplantados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do experimento demonstraram a viabilidade e funcionalidade dos enxertos em 100% das lâminas analisadas, isso verificado através da obtenção de esfregaços em fase de estro para todas as ratas do grupo experimento e da presença de folículos em vários estágios de desenvolvimento, observados nos enxertos recuperados, indicando diretamente a viabilidade do tecido ovariano. CONCLUSÃO: o transplante de tecido ovariano é uma alternativa viável, nas condições do experimento, para a preservação hormonal e folicular, em ratas.

  9. Tratamiento de algunas dermatosis por los rayos X de bucky: desarrollo histórico de la radioterapia superficial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonzalo Reyes Garcia

    1940-11-01

    En los primeros años la Roentgenterapia, puso todo su interés en las reacciones cutáneas. Hasta el año de 1902, se trataron únicamente afecciones de la piel, sin buscar ningún efecto sobre los órganos profundos. Más tarde, Sinns, hacía publicaciones sobre la influencia de los rayos en la leucemia y poco a poco, con el perfeccionamiento de los aparatos y el aumento del voltaje, se fue desarrollando la radioterapia profunda, sobre todo en las afecciones cancerosas y otras de los órganos situados profunda mente; al mismo tiempo, se fueron fijando las técnicas y aplicaciones de la terapia superficial y se observaban las lesiones producidas por los rayos en la piel, tales como: atrofias, telangiectasis, úlceras renguenianas, eritemas, pigmentaciones, etc.

  10. Cistos ósseos aneurismaticos da coluna vertebral: relatos de dois casos com compressão medular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro M. Sampaio

    1972-09-01

    Full Text Available Os autores, após discorrerem sobre a incidência, quadro clínico e tratamento do cisto ósseo aneurismático, apresentam dois exemplares, nos quais havia comprometimento medular. Em ambos foi feita extirpação cirúrgica; em um foi empregada radioterapia pós-operatória. Houve excelente recuperação neurológica de ambos os pacientes.

  11. Angiofibroma juvenil com evolução atípica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Granato Dr. Lídio

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Paciente com 34 anos de idade apresentou angiofibroma juvenil com evolução atípica. A história do paciente era de 14 anos de evolução e o tumor ocupava os espaços extra e intracranial em grande extensão. Submetido à intervenção extracranial, foi em seguida encaminhado para radioterapia. O paciente desenvolveu um nódulo na face, no local da incisão externa, utilizada na intervenção, com características de benignidade. A massa recidivou por mais duas vezes, sempre na mesma localização e com os mesmos aspectos histológicos, porém com recidivas cada vez mais próximas e mais sangrantes. Embora a avaliação histológica mostrasse característica de benignidade, o comportamento clínico era de malignidade. O paciente teve seu estado geral agravado e faleceu seis meses após a radioterapia.

  12. Structures of closed and open conformations of dimeric human ATM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baretić, Domagoj; Pollard, Hannah K.; Fisher, David I.; Johnson, Christopher M.; Santhanam, Balaji; Truman, Caroline M.; Kouba, Tomas; Fersht, Alan R.; Phillips, Christopher; Williams, Roger L.

    2017-01-01

    ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–related protein kinase (PIKK) best known for its role in DNA damage response. ATM also functions in oxidative stress response, insulin signaling, and neurogenesis. Our electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) suggests that human ATM is in a dynamic equilibrium between closed and open dimers. In the closed state, the PIKK regulatory domain blocks the peptide substrate–binding site, suggesting that this conformation may represent an inactive or basally active enzyme. The active site is held in this closed conformation by interaction with a long helical hairpin in the TRD3 (tetratricopeptide repeats domain 3) domain of the symmetry-related molecule. The open dimer has two protomers with only a limited contact interface, and it lacks the intermolecular interactions that block the peptide-binding site in the closed dimer. This suggests that the open conformation may be more active. The ATM structure shows the detailed topology of the regulator-interacting N-terminal helical solenoid. The ATM conformational dynamics shown by the structures represent an important step in understanding the enzyme regulation. PMID:28508083

  13. Qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer colorretal em terapia adjuvante Calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer de rectocolon en terapia adyuvante Quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer who were receiving complementary therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Cristina Nicolussi

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida, identificar os domínios afetados nos pacientes com câncer colorretal, caracterizar os dados sócio-demográficos, clínicos e terapêuticos e correlacioná-los aos domínios da qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado no Centro Especializado de Oncologia de Ribeirão Preto com 22 pacientes com câncer colorretal em terapia adjuvante, entre julho/ 2006 a setembro/ 2007. Utilizou-se o instrumento Quality of Life Core-30-Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: A qualidade de vida foi considerada satisfatória (média = 79,13. Os domínios mais afetados foram: Função Emocional e sintomas dor, insônia, fadiga. Nas correlações, as mulheres destacaram-se negativamente, apresentando piores escores nas Funções Emocional, Cognitiva e sintomas: dor, insônia, fadiga, constipação e perda de apetite. Os pacientes em radioterapia relataram mais dor e os assintomáticos à quimioterapia são os que obtiveram melhor qualidade de vida geral. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade de vida foi satisfatória, relativamente pior nas mulheres, em radioterapia e que apresentaram efeitos colaterais da quimioterapia.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de vida, identificar los dominios afectados en los pacientes con cáncer de rectocolon, caracterizar los datos socio-demográficos, clínicos y terapéuticos y correlacionarlos a los dominios de la calidad de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, realizado en el Centro Especializado de Oncología de Ribeirão Preto con 22 pacientes con cáncer de rectocolon en terapia adyuvante, entre julio/ 2006 a setiembre/ 2007. Se utilizó el instrumento Quality of Life Core-30-Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: La calidad de vida fue considerada satisfactoria (media = 79,13. Los dominios más afectados fueron: Función Emocional y síntomas dolor, insomnio, fatiga. En las correlaciones, las mujeres se destacaron negativamente, presentando peores escores en las Funciones Emocional, Cognitiva y síntomas: dolor

  14. Conformal field theory in conformal space

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Preitschopf, C.R.; Vasiliev, M.A.

    1999-01-01

    We present a new framework for a Lagrangian description of conformal field theories in various dimensions based on a local version of d + 2-dimensional conformal space. The results include a true gauge theory of conformal gravity in d = (1, 3) and any standard matter coupled to it. An important feature is the automatic derivation of the conformal gravity constraints, which are necessary for the analysis of the matter systems

  15. Periodontal aspects of patients subjected to the radiotherapy in region of head and neck; Aspectos periodontales de pacientes sometidos a la radioterapia en region de cabeza y cuello

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nogueira Moreira, Allyson; Bueno, Audrey C [Buenos Aires Univ. (Argentina). Facultad de Odontologia; Silami de Magalhaes, Claudia; Silva Freire, Addah R. da [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil)

    2007-03-15

    Mouth cancer is the sixth most frequent type in the world's population, affecting mostly developing countries. The treatment of choice for this neoplasm is the surgery associated with radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy, which often cause mouth adverse effects. The periodontal reaction to the suffering irradiation morphological and histological alterations decreased the ability of repairing and increased vulnerability to infections. The mouth conditions of the patients who will undergo cancer therapy should be assessed prior to initiation of treatment, mainly to prevent complications. This study aimed to do a literature review on the development of periodontal disease in patients undergoing radiotherapy in head and neck region. [Spanish] El cancer de boca es el sexto tipo mas frecuente en la poblacion mundial, afectando principalmente paises en desarrollo. El tratamiento de eleccion para esta neoplasia es la cirugia asociada a la radioterapia, y/o quimioterapia que muchas veces causan efectos bucales adversos. El periodoncio reacciona a la irradiacion sufriendo alteraciones morfologicas e histologicas, disminucion de la capacidad de reparo y mayor vulnerabilidad a infecciones. Las condiciones bucales de los pacientes que seran sometidas a la terapia oncologica deben ser evaluadas antes del inicio del tratamiento, principalmente para prevenir las complicaciones del mismo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo hacer una revision de literatura sobre el desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal en individuos sometidos a la radioterapia en region de cabeza y cuello. (autor)

  16. Conformational switching in the coiled-coil domains of a proteasomal ATPase regulates substrate processing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Snoberger, Aaron; Brettrager, Evan J; Smith, David M

    2018-06-18

    Protein degradation in all domains of life requires ATPases that unfold and inject proteins into compartmentalized proteolytic chambers. Proteasomal ATPases in eukaryotes and archaea contain poorly understood N-terminally conserved coiled-coil domains. In this study, we engineer disulfide crosslinks in the coiled-coils of the archaeal proteasomal ATPase (PAN) and report that its three identical coiled-coil domains can adopt three different conformations: (1) in-register and zipped, (2) in-register and partially unzipped, and (3) out-of-register. This conformational heterogeneity conflicts with PAN's symmetrical OB-coiled-coil crystal structure but resembles the conformational heterogeneity of the 26S proteasomal ATPases' coiled-coils. Furthermore, we find that one coiled-coil can be conformationally constrained even while unfolding substrates, and conformational changes in two of the coiled-coils regulate PAN switching between resting and active states. This switching functionally mimics similar states proposed for the 26S proteasome from cryo-EM. These findings thus build a mechanistic framework to understand regulation of proteasome activity.

  17. Quantifying polypeptide conformational space: sensitivity to conformation and ensemble definition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sullivan, David C; Lim, Carmay

    2006-08-24

    Quantifying the density of conformations over phase space (the conformational distribution) is needed to model important macromolecular processes such as protein folding. In this work, we quantify the conformational distribution for a simple polypeptide (N-mer polyalanine) using the cumulative distribution function (CDF), which gives the probability that two randomly selected conformations are separated by less than a "conformational" distance and whose inverse gives conformation counts as a function of conformational radius. An important finding is that the conformation counts obtained by the CDF inverse depend critically on the assignment of a conformation's distance span and the ensemble (e.g., unfolded state model): varying ensemble and conformation definition (1 --> 2 A) varies the CDF-based conformation counts for Ala(50) from 10(11) to 10(69). In particular, relatively short molecular dynamics (MD) relaxation of Ala(50)'s random-walk ensemble reduces the number of conformers from 10(55) to 10(14) (using a 1 A root-mean-square-deviation radius conformation definition) pointing to potential disconnections in comparing the results from simplified models of unfolded proteins with those from all-atom MD simulations. Explicit waters are found to roughen the landscape considerably. Under some common conformation definitions, the results herein provide (i) an upper limit to the number of accessible conformations that compose unfolded states of proteins, (ii) the optimal clustering radius/conformation radius for counting conformations for a given energy and solvent model, (iii) a means of comparing various studies, and (iv) an assessment of the applicability of random search in protein folding.

  18. Avaliação do uso de extrato de timo (timulina em pacientes com neoplasia maligna submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Célia Regina de Oliveira Garritano

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ação da timulina em pacientes com neoplasia maligna, submetidos ao tratamento, com e sem quimioterapia e radioterapia complementar (QT/RT. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo realizado em 50 pacientes, analisando as variações das taxas de leucócitos, linfócitos totais e da relação de linfócitos CD4/CD8 após imunoestimulação com timulina. RESULTADOS: No grupo submetido à QT/RT ocorreu um aumento do número de leucócitos após seis meses em 43,33% dos casos, e em 83,33% após 12 meses. Com relação aos linfócitos totais, após seis meses, 63,33% apresentaram níveis maiores, e depois de 12 meses isto ocorreu em casos 90% dos casos. A relação de linfócitos CD4/CD8 mostrou um aumento em 66,66%, e em 90% depois após 6 e 12 meses respectivamente. A análise estatística se mostrou significante com o teste de ANOVA one way. No grupo não submetido à QT/RT a elevação dos níveis de leucócitos ocorreu em 85% dos pacientes aos seis meses e em 90% aos 12 meses. As taxas de linfócitos se elevaram em 60% dos casos em seis meses e em 85% após 12 meses. A relação CD4/CD8 se tornou maior tanto aos seis como aos 12 meses em 65%. A análise estatística mostrou relevância com o teste "t" de Student e o de ANOVA one way. Não houve necessidade de interrupção dos ciclos de QT/RT e nenhum paciente referiu intolerância à timulina. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da timulina foi capaz de restaurar a resposta imune, reduzir os danos imunossupressores e colaterais induzidos pela terapia antineoplásica e não apresentou efeitos colaterais.

  19. Desenvolvimento de corantes naturais para uso em plástico

    OpenAIRE

    Sérgio Roberto Knorr Velho

    2016-01-01

    O trabalho buscou identificar se o intemperismo acelerado Xênon, utilizando a norma ASTM D4452-12, em corantes naturais encapsulados em matriz de sílica pelo processo sol gel com o uso de alcóxidos, conforme descrito pela patente INPI BR 10 2013 0219835, e injetadas em matriz de policloreto de polivinila (PVC) preservam as características de cor original dos corantes. Utilizou-se comparação dos mesmos corantes naturais – carmim, curcuma, índigo e urucum – sem encapsulamento e com encapsulamen...

  20. Workers’ Conformism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nikolay Ivantchev

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Conformism was studied among 46 workers with different kinds of occupations by means of two modified scales measuring conformity by Santor, Messervey, and Kusumakar (2000 – scale for perceived peer pressure and scale for conformism in antisocial situations. The hypothesis of the study that workers’ conformism is expressed in a medium degree was confirmed partly. More than a half of the workers conform in a medium degree for taking risk, and for the use of alcohol and drugs, and for sexual relationships. More than a half of the respondents conform in a small degree for anti-social activities (like a theft. The workers were more inclined to conform for risk taking (10.9%, then – for the use of alcohol, drugs and for sexual relationships (8.7%, and in the lowest degree – for anti-social activities (6.5%. The workers who were inclined for the use of alcohol and drugs tended also to conform for anti-social activities.

  1. Efeitos agudos da corrente interferencial ganglionar em mulheres sadias

    OpenAIRE

    Nakata, Cláudio Hiroshi

    2014-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos agudos da corrente interferencial ganglionar em mulheres sadias. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo experimental aleatorizado e transversal. Vinte e uma mulheres militares do Exército Brasileiro divididas em dois grupos, conforme IPAQ, em ativas (média de idade de 32,80 ± 3,011 anos, massa 56,50 ± 5,523 Kg, estatura de 164,30 ± 6,993 cm e IMC de 20,90 ± 1,729 kg/m2 e 80% com conceito excelente no teste de aptidão física) e irregularmente ativas (média de idade d...

  2. Conformation radiotherapy and conformal radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morita, Kozo

    1999-01-01

    In order to coincide the high dose region to the target volume, the 'Conformation Radiotherapy Technique' using the multileaf collimator and the device for 'hollow-out technique' was developed by Prof. S. Takahashi in 1960. This technique can be classified a type of 2D-dynamic conformal RT techniques. By the clinical application of this technique, the late complications of the lens, the intestine and the urinary bladder after radiotherapy for the maxillary cancer and the cervical cancer decreased. Since 1980's the exact position and shape of the tumor and the surrounding normal tissues can be easily obtained by the tremendous development of the CT/MRI imaging technique. As a result, various kinds of new conformal techniques such as the 3D-CRT, the dose intensity modulation, the tomotherapy have been developed since the beginning of 1990'. Several 'dose escalation study with 2D-/3D conformal RT' is now under way to improve the treatment results. (author)

  3. Quimioterapia neoadjuvante em câncer localmente avançado do colo do útero Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cancer of the cervix

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Schünemann Jr

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar a quimioterapia neoadjuvante no câncer localmente avançado do colo uterino, por meio da sua aceitabilidade, tolerabilidade, toxicidade, taxa de complicações cirúrgicas, taxa de resposta, taxa de operabilidade e sobrevida em 5 anos. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 60 mulheres com câncer do colo uterino localmente avançado (IIB e IIIB, submetidas à quimioterapia neoadjuvante com doxorrubicina-bleomicina-cisplatina. Aquelas que se tornaram operáveis após a quimioterapia foram submetidas à cirurgia de Wertheim-Meigs, seguida de radioterapia pélvica complementar. Nas pacientes em que a cirurgia não foi possível após a quimioterapia, realizou-se radioterapia. RESULTADOS: o seguimento médio foi de 108 meses. A taxa de resposta global à quimioterapia foi de 80%, sendo 100% para o estádio IIB e 60% para o estádio IIIB. A porcentagem de pacientes operadas, após a quimioterapia foi de 65%. A sobrevida global em 5 anos para todo o grupo foi 62%. No grupo operado (n=34, a sobrevida global foi de 82,14%, independentemente do estádio inicial. No grupo não operado (n=18, a sobrevida em 5 anos foi 16,67%. CONCLUSÕES: A quimioterapia neoadjuvante com doxorrubicina-bleomicina-cisplatina no câncer do colo uterino localmente avançado é segura, com baixo índice de complicações e permitiu uma alta taxa de operabilidade.PURPOSE: to evaluate neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer as to its acceptability, tolerability, toxicity, surgical complications, operability, response rate, and overall survival in 5 years. METHODS: sixty women with locally advanced cervical cancer (stages IIB and IIIB, who were submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were included. All patients were treated with doxorubicin-bleomycin-cisplatin. Those who had a good response, allowing a surgical approach, underwent the Wertheim-Meigs procedure. After surgery, they were submitted to pelvic radiotherapy. Those that could not be submitted

  4. Killing tensors and conformal Killing tensors from conformal Killing vectors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rani, Raffaele; Edgar, S Brian; Barnes, Alan

    2003-01-01

    Koutras has proposed some methods to construct reducible proper conformal Killing tensors and Killing tensors (which are, in general, irreducible) when a pair of orthogonal conformal Killing vectors exist in a given space. We give the completely general result demonstrating that this severe restriction of orthogonality is unnecessary. In addition, we correct and extend some results concerning Killing tensors constructed from a single conformal Killing vector. A number of examples demonstrate that it is possible to construct a much larger class of reducible proper conformal Killing tensors and Killing tensors than permitted by the Koutras algorithms. In particular, by showing that all conformal Killing tensors are reducible in conformally flat spaces, we have a method of constructing all conformal Killing tensors, and hence all the Killing tensors (which will in general be irreducible) of conformally flat spaces using their conformal Killing vectors

  5. Radiological response and dosimetry in physical phantom of head and neck for 3D conformational radiotherapy; Resposta radiologica e dosimetria em phantom fisico de cabeca e pescoco para radioterapia conformacional 3D

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thompson, Larissa

    2013-07-01

    Phantoms are tools for simulation of organs and tissues of the human body in radiology and radiotherapy. This thesis describes the development, validation and, most importantly, the use of a physical head and neck phantom in radiology and radiotherapy, with the purpose of evaluating dose distribution using Gafchromic EBT2 film in 15 MV 3D conformal radiotherapy. The work was divided in two stages, (1) development of new equivalent tissues and improvement of the physical phantom, and (2) use of the physical phantom in experimental dosimetry studies. In phase (1) parameters such as mass density, chemical composition of tissues, anatomical and biometric measurements were considered, as well as aspects of imaging by computed tomography (CT) and radiological response representation in Hounsfield Units (HU), which were compared with human data. Radiological experiments of in-phantom simulated brain pathologies were also conducted. All those results matched human-sourced data, therefore the physical phantom is a suitable simulator that may be used to enhance radiological protocols and education in medical imaging. The main objective in phase (2) was to evaluate the spatial dose distribution in a brain tumor simulator inserted inside the head and neck phantom developed by the Ionizing Radiation Research Group (NRI), exposed to 15 MV 3D conformal radiotherapy, for internal dose assessment. Radiation planning was based on CT images of the physical phantom with a brain tumor simulator made with equivalent material. The treatment planning system (TPS), CAT3D software, used CT images and prescribed a dose of 200 cGy, distributed in three fields of radiation, in a T-shaped pattern. The TPS covered the planning treatment volume (PTV) with 97% of the prescribed dose. A solid water phantom and radiochromic Gafchromic EBT2 film were used for calibration procedures, generating a dose response curve as a function of optical density (OD). After calibration and irradiation, the film

  6. Cryo-EM studies of the structure and dynamics of vacuolar-type ATPases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mazhab-Jafari, Mohammad T.; Rubinstein, John L.

    2016-01-01

    Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has significantly advanced our understanding of molecular structure in biology. Recent innovations in both hardware and software have made cryo-EM a viable alternative for targets that are not amenable to x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cryo-EM has even become the method of choice in some situations where x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are possible but where cryo-EM can determine structures at higher resolution or with less time or effort. Rotary adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are crucial to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. These enzymes couple the synthesis or hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to the use or production of a transmembrane electrochemical ion gradient, respectively. However, the membrane-embedded nature and conformational heterogeneity of intact rotary ATPases have prevented their high-resolution structural analysis to date. Recent application of cryo-EM methods to the different types of rotary ATPase has led to sudden advances in understanding the structure and function of these enzymes, revealing significant conformational heterogeneity and characteristic transmembrane α helices that are highly tilted with respect to the membrane. In this Review, we will discuss what has been learned recently about rotary ATPase structure and function, with a particular focus on the vacuolar-type ATPases. PMID:27532044

  7. RTOG criteria to evaluate acute skin reaction and its risk factors in patients with breast cancer submitted to radiotherapy Evaluación de las reacciones agudas de la piel y sus factores de riesgo en pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidos a radioterapia Avaliação das reações agudas da pele e seus fatores de risco em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Maria Teixeira Pires

    2008-10-01

    al enfermero planificar conductas más adecuadas e individualizadas para cada paciente y contribuir para optimizar el tratamiento.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e classificar as reações de pele, segundo os critérios do Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG e caracterizar fatores que possam interferir nessas reações. A metodologia usada foi o estudo prospectivo, com 86 mulheres submetidas à radioterapia na mama, dose total de 5040cGy, com Acelerador Linear de 6 MeV. Coletou-se dados pessoais e foi medido o tamanho da mama (distância entre a separação dos campos e altura da mama. A avaliação da pele na área de tratamento foi realizada semanalmente. Concluiu-se que a altura da mama e a técnica de tratamento foram significantes na análise univariada, para incidência de reação de pele grau 3. Porém, apenas a altura da mama foi fator significante na análise multivariada para a gravidade da reação de pele. A chance de ocorrer reação grau 3 aumenta 2,61 vezes a cada aumento de 1 unidade de altura em cm. Esses achados permitem ao enfermeiro programar condutas mais adequadas e individualizadas a cada paciente e contribuir para a otimização do tratamento.

  8. Replacement between conformity and counter-conformity in consumption decisions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chou, Ting-Jui; Chang, En-Chung; Dai, Qi; Wong, Veronica

    2013-02-01

    This study assessed, in a Chinese context, how self-esteem interacts with perceived similarity and uniqueness to yield cognitive dissonance, and whether the dissonance leads to self-reported conformity or counter-conformity behavior. Participants were 408 respondents from 4 major Chinese cities (M age = 33.0 yr., SD = 4.3; 48% men). Self-perceptions of uniqueness, similarity, cognitive dissonance, self-esteem and need to behave in conformity or counter-conformity were measured. A theoretical model was assessed in four situations, relating the ratings of self-esteem and perceived similarity/uniqueness to the way other people at a wedding were dressed, and the resultant cognitive dissonance and conformity/ counter-conformity behavior. Regardless of high or low self-esteem, all participants reported cognitive dissonance when they were told that they were dressed extremely similarly to or extremely differently from the other people attending the wedding. However, the conforming/counter-conforming strategies used by participants to resolve the cognitive dissonance differed. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme uniqueness of dress, participants with low self-esteem tended to say they would dress next time so as to conform with the way others were dressed, while those with high self-esteem indicated they would continue their counter-conformity in attire. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme similarity to others, both those with high and low self-esteem tended to say they would dress in an unorthodox manner to surprise other people in the future.

  9. Independent dose calculation of the Tps Iplan in radiotherapy conformed with MLC; Calculo independiente de dosis del TPS Iplan en radioterapia conformada con MLC

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Adrada, A.; Tello, Z.; Medina, L.; Garrigo, E.; Venencia, D., E-mail: jorge.alberto.adrada@gmail.com [Instituto Privado de Radioterapia, Obispo Oro 423, X5000BFI Cordoba (Argentina)

    2014-08-15

    The systems utilization of independent dose calculation in three dimensional-Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-Crt) treatments allows a direct verification of the treatments times. The utilization of these systems allows diminishing the probability of errors occurrence generated by the treatment planning system (Tps), allowing a detailed analysis of the dose to delivering and review of the normalization point (Np) or prescription. The independent dose calculation is realized across the knowledge of dosimetric parameters of the treatment machine and particular characteristics of every individual field. The aim of this work is develops a calculation system of punctual doses for isocentric fields conformed with multi-leaf collimation systems (MLC), where the dose calculation is in conformity with the suggested ones by ICRU Report No. 42, 1987. Calculation software was realized in C ++ under a free platform of programming (Code::Blocks). The system uses files in format Rtp, exported from the Tps to systems of record and verification (Lantis). This file contains detailed information of the dose, Um, position of the MLC sheets and collimators for every field of treatment. The size of equivalent field is obtained from the positions of every sheet; the effective depth of calculation can be introduced from the dosimetric report of the Tps or automatically from the DFS of the field. The 3D coordinates of the isocenter and the Np for the treatment plan must be introduced manually. From this information the system looks the dosimetric parameters and calculates the Um. The calculations were realized in two accelerators a NOVALIS Tx (Varian) with 120 sheets of high definition (hd-MLC) and a PRIMUS Optifocus (Siemens) with 82 sheets. 705 patients were analyzed for a total of 1082, in plans made for both equipment s, the average uncertainty with regard to the calculation of the Tps is-0.43% ± 2.42% in a range between [-7.90 %, 7.50 %]. The major uncertainty was in Np near of the

  10. QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS: UM ESTUDO BASEADO EM EVIDÊNCIAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jhuly Amado Souza

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available O cancer e uma enfermidade cronica e multicausal caracterizado pelo descontrolado crescimento celular. A terapia oncologica (quimioterapia e radioterapia pode induzir anorexia, fadiga,nauseas, vomitos, diarreia, dentre outros, que afetam o estado nutricional dos pacientes.   Objetivo: Investigar na literatura a qualidade de vida de pacientes oncologicos.

  11. Rectum neoplasms treatment advanced with radio and chemotherapy before - surgery; Tratamiento de cancer de recto localmente avanzado con radioterapia y quimioterapia preoperatoria

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Luongo Cespedes, A; Aguiar Vitacca, S [and others

    1993-12-01

    In Uruguay the colorectal neoplasms has a can rate of mobility. The surgery has 13-26% local recurrence. The irradiation before surgery has demonstrated to improve the resect and the local control.The objective of this protocol it is to decrease the percentage of local relapse , using radiotherapy(RT) before surgery and concomitant chemotherapy that potencies the effect of the RT, improvement this way the therapeutic quotient (AU) [Spanish] En Uruguay el cancer colorrectal tiene una lata tasa de mortalidad.La cirugia exclusiva,tiene 13-26 % de recurrencias locales.La irradiacion preoperatoria ha demostrado mejorar la resecabilidad y el control local.El objetivo de este protocolo es disminuir el porcentaje de recidiva local,utilizando radioterapia(RT) preoperatoria y quimioterapia concomitante que potencie el efecto de la RT,mejorando asi el cociente terapeutico (AU)

  12. Conformal house

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ryttov, Thomas Aaby; Sannino, Francesco

    2010-01-01

    fixed point. As a consistency check we recover the previously investigated bounds of the conformal windows when restricting to a single matter representation. The earlier conformal windows can be imagined to be part now of the new conformal house. We predict the nonperturbative anomalous dimensions...... at the infrared fixed points. We further investigate the effects of adding mass terms to the condensates on the conformal house chiral dynamics and construct the simplest instanton induced effective Lagrangian terms...

  13. FitEM2EM--tools for low resolution study of macromolecular assembly and dynamics.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ziv Frankenstein

    Full Text Available Studies of the structure and dynamics of macromolecular assemblies often involve comparison of low resolution models obtained using different techniques such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy. We present new computational tools for comparing (matching and docking of low resolution structures, based on shape complementarity. The matched or docked objects are represented by three dimensional grids where the value of each grid point depends on its position with regard to the interior, surface or exterior of the object. The grids are correlated using fast Fourier transformations producing either matches of related objects or docking models depending on the details of the grid representations. The procedures incorporate thickening and smoothing of the surfaces of the objects which effectively compensates for differences in the resolution of the matched/docked objects, circumventing the need for resolution modification. The presented matching tool FitEM2EMin successfully fitted electron microscopy structures obtained at different resolutions, different conformers of the same structure and partial structures, ranking correct matches at the top in every case. The differences between the grid representations of the matched objects can be used to study conformation differences or to characterize the size and shape of substructures. The presented low-to-low docking tool FitEM2EMout ranked the expected models at the top.

  14. Overexposure of radiation therapy patients in Panama: problem recognition and follow-up measures La sobreexposición de pacientes tratados con radioterapia en Panamá: reconocimiento del problema y medidas de seguimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cari Borrás

    2006-09-01

    125 non-overexposed patients who had been treated in the same time period and for the same cancer sites as the overexposed patients. The clinicians uncovered a larger recurrence of cervical cancers than expected. The finding prompted PAHO to launch an initiative for the accreditation of radiation oncology centers in Latin America and the Caribbean, working in collaboration with professional societies for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiotherapy technologists. The Latin American Association for Radiation Oncology (Asociación Latinoamericana de Terapia Radiante Oncológica has established an accreditation commission. Accreditation will require that centers implement a comprehensive radiation oncology quality assurance program that follows international guidelines. Statistical data on patient outcomes will be collected in order to document needs in radiotherapy centers in Latin America and the Caribbean and to define future strategies for cancer treatment.Este informe resume y analiza la respuesta de varias organizaciones que brindaron asistencia al Instituto Oncológico Nacional (ION de Panamá después de la sobreexposición de 28 pacientes sometidos a radioterapia que ocurrió en el ION a finales de 2000 y principios de 2001. Además, se examinan las medidas de largo plazo adoptadas en el ION en respuesta al accidente de sobreexposición y las implicaciones que tiene este accidente para todos los centros de tratamiento oncológico en el mundo. En marzo de 2001 se le comunicaron al director del ION las reacciones adversas graves sufridas por algunos pacientes sometidos a radioterapia contra el cáncer. De los 478 pacientes tratados entre agosto de 2000 y marzo de 2001 por cánceres localizados en la región pélvica, tres habían fallecido, presumiblemente por sobredosis de radiación. A raíz de ello, el Gobierno de Panamá invitó a expertos internacionales a realizar una investigación a fondo de la situación. Entre los especialistas invitados

  15. Osteorradionecrose resultando em fratura patológica de mandíbula: relato de caso clínico = Osteoradionecrosis resulting in pathological fracture of jaw: relate of clinical case

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gomes, Ana Claudia Amorim

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A osteorradionecrose (ORN é uma severa complicação da radioterapia em pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Dependendo da localização e extensão da lesão osteorradionecrótica, pode trazer sinais e sintomas como dor, odor fétido, disgeusia, disestesia ou anestesia, trismo, dificuldade de mastigação, deglutição e fonação, formação de fístula, fratura patológica e infecção local ou sistêmica. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de um paciente portador de osteorradionecrose em corpo mandibular, com presença de infecção, e que resultou em fratura patológica mandibular. Desenvolvimento do caso: Foram realizados esquemas rigorosos de antibioticoterapia, associados a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica para permitir o tratamento da fratura mandibular com fixação interna rígida, após o tratamento da infecção secundária, na intenção de eliminar a osteorradionecrose, a qual no caso em questão houve reparação e ausência de qualquer sinal clínico radiográfico de recidiva, num acompanhamento de um ano de pós-operatório. Conclusão: Diante da severidade da doença, esgotadas as possibilidades conservadoras e diante de uma necessidade cirúrgica pela fratura patológica, pôde-se observar que o uso da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica resultou em uma satisfatória cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, bem como a manutenção da saúde dos tecidos no caso em questão

  16. Quantum Conformal Algebras and Closed Conformal Field Theory

    CERN Document Server

    Anselmi, D

    1999-01-01

    We investigate the quantum conformal algebras of N=2 and N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories. Phenomena occurring at strong coupling are analysed using the Nachtmann theorem and very general, model-independent, arguments. The results lead us to introduce a novel class of conformal field theories, identified by a closed quantum conformal algebra. We conjecture that they are the exact solution to the strongly coupled large-N_c limit of the open conformal field theories. We study the basic properties of closed conformal field theory and work out the operator product expansion of the conserved current multiplet T. The OPE structure is uniquely determined by two central charges, c and a. The multiplet T does not contain just the stress-tensor, but also R-currents and finite mass operators. For this reason, the ratio c/a is different from 1. On the other hand, an open algebra contains an infinite tower of non-conserved currents, organized in pairs and singlets with respect to renormalization mixing. T mixes with a se...

  17. C-metric solution for conformal gravity with a conformally coupled scalar field

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Meng, Kun, E-mail: mengkun@tjpu.edu.cn [School of Science, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387 (China); Zhao, Liu, E-mail: lzhao@nankai.edu.cn [School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China)

    2017-02-15

    The C-metric solution of conformal gravity with a conformally coupled scalar field is presented. The solution belongs to the class of Petrov type D spacetimes and is conformal to the standard AdS C-metric appeared in vacuum Einstein gravity. For all parameter ranges, we identify some of the physically interesting static regions and the corresponding coordinate ranges. The solution may contain a black hole event horizon, an acceleration horizon, either of which may be cut by the conformal infinity or be hidden behind the conformal infinity. Since the model is conformally invariant, we also discussed the possible effects of the conformal gauge choices on the structure of the spacetime.

  18. Non-conformable, partial and conformable transposition

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    König, Thomas; Mäder, Lars Kai

    2013-01-01

    and the Commission regarding a directive’s outcome, play a much more strategic role than has to date acknowledged in the transposition literature. Whereas disagreement of a member state delays conformable transposition, it speeds up non-conformable transposition. Disagreement of the Commission only prolongs...... the transposition process. We therefore conclude that a stronger focus on an effective sanctioning mechanism is warranted for safeguarding compliance with directives....

  19. Conformal Einstein spaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kozameh, C.N.; Newman, E.T.; Tod, K.P.

    1985-01-01

    Conformal transformations in four-dimensional. In particular, a new set of two necessary and sufficient conditions for a space to be conformal to an Einstein space is presented. The first condition defines the class of spaces conformal to C spaces, whereas the last one (the vanishing of the Bach tensor) gives the particular subclass of C spaces which are conformally related to Einstein spaces. (author)

  20. Conformal Gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hooft, G.

    2012-01-01

    The dynamical degree of freedom for the gravitational force is the metric tensor, having 10 locally independent degrees of freedom (of which 4 can be used to fix the coordinate choice). In conformal gravity, we split this field into an overall scalar factor and a nine-component remainder. All unrenormalizable infinities are in this remainder, while the scalar component can be handled like any other scalar field such as the Higgs field. In this formalism, conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken. An imperative demand on any healthy quantum gravity theory is that black holes should be described as quantum systems with micro-states as dictated by the Hawking-Bekenstein theory. This requires conformal symmetry that may be broken spontaneously but not explicitly, and this means that all conformal anomalies must cancel out. Cancellation of conformal anomalies yields constraints on the matter sector as described by some universal field theory. Thus black hole physics may eventually be of help in the construction of unified field theories. (author)

  1. Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com câncer em tratamento radioterápico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Maria de Paula

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available estudio prospectivo, con objetivo de evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello durante el tratamiento de radioterapia. Método: se realizó con 41 pacientes entre 2009-2011 en dos centros de radioterapia. Se utilizó el instrumento Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy Head and Neck. El predominio de los casos fue del sexo masculino, con edad media de 62 años. Resultados: de los 5 dominios evaluados, lo más afectado fue “bienestar físico”, directamente relacionado con los efectos secundarios del tratamiento. Conclusión: los síntomas ocasionados por el tratamiento interfieren negativamente en la Calidad de Vida relacionada con la salud, por lo tanto, es importante que el equipo de atención de la salud evalúe e identifique las necesidades del paciente, lo que permite tener seguimiento que responda a sus necesidades y reduzca al mínimo los síntomas.

  2. Conformal symmetry in two-dimensional space: recursion representation of conformal block

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zamolodchikov, A.B.

    1988-01-01

    The four-point conformal block plays an important part in the analysis of the conformally invariant operator algebra in two-dimensional space. The behavior of the conformal block is calculated in the present paper in the limit in which the dimension Δ of the intermediate operator tends to infinity. This makes it possible to construct a recursion relation for this function that connects the conformal block at arbitrary Δ to the blocks corresponding to the dimensions of the zero vectors in the degenerate representations of the Virasoro algebra. The relation is convenient for calculating the expansion of the conformal block in powers of the uniformizing parameters q = i π tau

  3. Momentos associados à mudança em psicoterapia psicanalítica de adultos

    OpenAIRE

    Sanchez, Lívia Fração

    2013-01-01

    A presente dissertação tem como tema a Mudança em Psicoterapia Psicanalítica e está composta por dois estudos, conforme as regras do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Faculdade de Psicologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). O primeiro estudo que compõe essa dissertação é uma revisão de literatura, intitulado Pesquisa de processo em Psicoterapia Psicanalítica, que teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre psicoterapia psicanalítica e ...

  4. Câncer de mama e sofrimento psicológico: aspectos relacionados ao feminino El cáncer de mama y el sufrimiento psicológico: aspectos relacionados con el femenino Breast cancer and psychological suffering: female-related aspects

    OpenAIRE

    Lucia Cecilia da Silva

    2008-01-01

    No Brasil e no mundo a incidência do câncer de mama vem aumentando e aparecendo cada vez mais cedo na vida da mulher. O tratamento envolve mastectomia, quimioterapia e radioterapia, que, pelos seus efeitos físicos, podem comprometer em variados graus a auto-estima, a imagem corporal e a identidade feminina daquelas que recebem o diagnóstico da doença. Além disso, em nossa sociedade o câncer adquiriu significados relacionados a culpa, punição, deterioração, dor e morte, agravando o sofrimento ...

  5. Câncer de mama e sofrimento psicológico: aspectos relacionados ao feminino

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Lucia Cecilia da

    2008-01-01

    No Brasil e no mundo a incidência do câncer de mama vem aumentando e aparecendo cada vez mais cedo na vida da mulher. O tratamento envolve mastectomia, quimioterapia e radioterapia, que, pelos seus efeitos físicos, podem comprometer em variados graus a auto-estima, a imagem corporal e a identidade feminina daquelas que recebem o diagnóstico da doença. Além disso, em nossa sociedade o câncer adquiriu significados relacionados a culpa, punição, deterioração, dor e morte, agravando o sofrimento ...

  6. Conformal Infinity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frauendiener Jörg

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available The notion of conformal infinity has a long history within the research in Einstein's theory of gravity. Today, ``conformal infinity'' is related with almost all other branches of research in general relativity, from quantisation procedures to abstract mathematical issues to numerical applications. This review article attempts to show how this concept gradually and inevitably evolved out of physical issues, namely the need to understand gravitational radiation and isolated systems within the theory of gravitation and how it lends itself very naturally to solve radiation problems in numerical relativity. The fundamental concept of null-infinity is introduced. Friedrich's regular conformal field equations are presented and various initial value problems for them are discussed. Finally, it is shown that the conformal field equations provide a very powerful method within numerical relativity to study global problems such as gravitational wave propagation and detection.

  7. Conformal Infinity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frauendiener, Jörg

    2004-01-01

    The notion of conformal infinity has a long history within the research in Einstein's theory of gravity. Today, "conformal infinity" is related to almost all other branches of research in general relativity, from quantisation procedures to abstract mathematical issues to numerical applications. This review article attempts to show how this concept gradually and inevitably evolved from physical issues, namely the need to understand gravitational radiation and isolated systems within the theory of gravitation, and how it lends itself very naturally to the solution of radiation problems in numerical relativity. The fundamental concept of null-infinity is introduced. Friedrich's regular conformal field equations are presented and various initial value problems for them are discussed. Finally, it is shown that the conformal field equations provide a very powerful method within numerical relativity to study global problems such as gravitational wave propagation and detection.

  8. Sarcoma de Kaposi primário do pênis Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the penis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maira Mitsue Mukai

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Sarcoma de Kaposi é um tumor vascular que afeta a parede dos vasos linfáticos. Possui quatro formas: clássica, endêmica, iatrogênica e associada ao HIV. É uma doença sistêmica, maligna, multifatorial e de curso variável. A apresentação inicial no pênis é rara, e mais observada em pacientes HIV positivos. Em pacientes HIV negativos, os casos que ocorrem nesta região, apresentam-se com pápulas, nódulos, placas e lesões verruciformes, assintomáticas. Para o tratamento da forma clássica, dispõem-se de excisão cirúrgica, crioterapia, eletrocirurgia, laser e radioterapia. Neste trabalho, é relatado um caso raro de um paciente com a forma clássica, em região peniana tratado com sucesso com radioterapia.Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular tumor involving the wall of lymphatic vessels. There are four types: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and HIV-associated. It is a systemic, malignant and multifactorial disease and has a variable course. The primary presentation on the penis is uncommon and is mainly observed in HIV-positive patients. In HIV-negative individuals, asymptomatic papules, nodules, plaques and verrucous lesions are found. The treatment for the classic form involves surgery, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, laser and radiation therapy. The authors present a rare case of a patient with the classic form on the penis, who was successfully treated by radiation therapy.

  9. Imagens do judeu em quatro romances da geração de 1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Henrique Muraca

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available O judeu em Suor (1934, de Jorge Amado, Caminho de pedras (1937, de Rachel de Queiroz, Angústia (1936, de Graciliano Ramos, e Os ratos (1935, de Dyonélio Machado, aparece de modo rápido, sobretudo nos dois últimos. Ainda assim, tal representação aponta para conceitos que circundam aquele povo no imaginário brasileiro. Em Amado e Queiroz, o judeu é representado como agitador comunista estrangeiro. Em Ramos e Machado, como negociante capitalista. Porém, conforme a complexidade de cada obra, esse judeu apresenta também matizes em sua representação que vão além da mera redução do estereótipo.

  10. Conformal Infinity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frauendiener Jörg

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available The notion of conformal infinity has a long history within the research in Einstein's theory of gravity. Today, 'conformal infinity' is related to almost all other branches of research in general relativity, from quantisation procedures to abstract mathematical issues to numerical applications. This review article attempts to show how this concept gradually and inevitably evolved from physical issues, namely the need to understand gravitational radiation and isolated systems within the theory of gravitation, and how it lends itself very naturally to the solution of radiation problems in numerical relativity. The fundamental concept of null-infinity is introduced. Friedrich's regular conformal field equations are presented and various initial value problems for them are discussed. Finally, it is shown that the conformal field equations provide a very powerful method within numerical relativity to study global problems such as gravitational wave propagation and detection.

  11. Logarithmic conformal field theory through nilpotent conformal dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moghimi-Araghi, S.; Rouhani, S.; Saadat, M.

    2001-01-01

    We study logarithmic conformal field theories (LCFTs) through the introduction of nilpotent conformal weights. Using this device, we derive the properties of LCFTs such as the transformation laws, singular vectors and the structure of correlation functions. We discuss the emergence of an extra energy momentum tensor, which is the logarithmic partner of the energy momentum tensor

  12. Viscous conformal gauge theories

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Toniato, Arianna; Sannino, Francesco; Rischke, Dirk H.

    2017-01-01

    We present the conformal behavior of the shear viscosity-to-entropy density ratio and the fermion-number diffusion coefficient within the perturbative regime of the conformal window for gauge-fermion theories.......We present the conformal behavior of the shear viscosity-to-entropy density ratio and the fermion-number diffusion coefficient within the perturbative regime of the conformal window for gauge-fermion theories....

  13. Conformal invariance in supergravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bergshoeff, E.A.

    1983-01-01

    In this thesis the author explains the role of conformal invariance in supergravity. He presents the complete structure of extended conformal supergravity for N <= 4. The outline of this work is as follows. In chapter 2 he briefly summarizes the essential properties of supersymmetry and supergravity and indicates the use of conformal invariance in supergravity. The idea that the introduction of additional symmetry transformations can make clear the structure of a field theory is not reserved to supergravity only. By means of some simple examples it is shown in chapter 3 how one can always introduce additional gauge transformations in a theory of massive vector fields. Moreover it is shown how the gauge invariant formulation sometimes explains the quantum mechanical properties of the theory. In chapter 4 the author defines the conformal transformations and summarizes their main properties. He explains how these conformal transformations can be used to analyse the structure of gravity. The supersymmetric extension of these results is discussed in chapter 5. Here he describes as an example how N=1 supergravity can be reformulated in a conformally-invariant way. He also shows that beyond N=1 the gauge fields of the superconformal symmetries do not constitute an off-shell field representation of extended conformal supergravity. Therefore, in chapter 6, a systematic method to construct the off-shell formulation of all extended conformal supergravity theories with N <= 4 is developed. As an example he uses this method to construct N=1 conformal supergravity. Finally, in chapter 7 N=4 conformal supergravity is discussed. (Auth.)

  14. Efeito da radioterapia na função pulmonar e na fadiga de mulheres em tratamento para o câncer de mama Efecto de la radioterapia en la función pulmonar y en la fatiga de mujeres en tratamiento para el cáncer de mama Effect of radiotherapy on pulmonary function and fatigue of women undergoing treatment for breast cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dayane Evellyn dos Santos

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo comparou a função pulmonar e a fadiga de mulheres antes e após a radioterapia (RT adjuvante para tratamento do câncer de mama, e correlacionou a função pulmonar com a dose de radiação e fadiga. Foi conduzido um estudo observacional longitudinal envolvendo 20 mulheres. A função pulmonar foi avaliada pela espirometria (ClementClarke® e manovacuometria (GlobalMed®, modelo MVD 300, e a fadiga pelo Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue (FACT-F. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes da primeira sessão e uma semana após o término da RT adjuvante. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test e correlação de Spearman, adotando-se nível de significância pEl presente estudio comparó la función pulmonar y la fatiga de mujeres antes y después de la radioterapia (RT como ayudante para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, y se correlacionó la función pulmonar con la dosis de radiación y fatiga. Fue realizado un estudio observacional longitudinal involucrando 20 mujeres. La función pulmonar fue evaluada por espirometría (ClementClarke® y manovacuometría (GlobalMed®, modelo MVD 300 y, la fatiga fue evaluada por la Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue (FACT-F. Todas las evaluaciones fueron realizadas antes de la primera sesión y una semana después del término de la RT. Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados los tests Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test y correlación de Spearman, adoptando un nivel de significancia pThis study compared the pulmonary function and fatigue in patients before and after adjuvant radiotherapy (RT and correlated the pulmonary function with the radiotherapy dose and fatigue. A longitudinal and observational study was conducted involving 20 women. Pulmonary function was evaluated by digital lung spirometry (ClementClarke® and manometry (GlobalMed®, model MVD 300 and fatigue was analyses by the Functional Assessment of

  15. Facilitação e dominância dos sintomas sôbre a dor da angina de peito e causalgia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson Pires

    1962-09-01

    Full Text Available O autor traz à consideração clínica a "facilitação" que Sherrington apreciou nos experimentos de neurofisiologia, e que explica aspectos clínicos importantíssimos em psicologia e em neurologia visceral. Pretende o autor explicar seus casos de dor (um de causalgia no membro superior e três de angina de peito em portadores de esclerose coronária. Ora a anestesia terapêutica no gânglio estrelado, ora na cadeia ganglionar torácica simpática, ora a radioterapia, ora a psicoterapia removeram a dor "facilitada" a tal ponto que se tornara "dominante", isto é, mesmo estímulos inadequados a provocavam. Os doentes eram inválidos e recuperaram-se. A neurofisiologia moderna autoriza a interpretação dessa terapêutica: suprimiu-se - com a anestesia, com a radioterapia e com a psicoterapia - o circuito neural auto-alimentado reverberante, hiperfuncionante em todo ou em parte de seu trajeto, quer aferente ao córtex quer aferente às coronárias. O autor discute o valor clínico dos acessos anginosos apontando fatos que documentam que o acesso "ilegítimo" (psicógeno deve ter como causa a estimulação das aferências vegetativas ao córtex em qualquer ponto (ganglionar, medular ou cortical. Os acessos "legítimos", produzindo lesões transitórias ou definitivas e até morte,, devem ser explicados pela atividade das eferências vagais que executam os efetôres espásticos das coronárias. A dor é apresentada como fenômeno de "gravação neural", aprendido, memorizado e automatizado, ativado em feed-back ora nas aferências vegetativas ao córtex, ora nas eferências, mais perigosas e mortais. Debate-se a superestimada psicogenia da angina de peito.

  16. Radiotherapy of intensity modulated VS conformational in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. A dosimetric comparison; Radioterapia de intensidad modulada VS conformacional en el tratamiento de carcinoma de prostata. Una camparacion dosimetrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodriguez Martin, G.; Garcia Vicente, F.; Zapatero Laborda, A.; Bermudez Luna, R.; Roch Gonzalez, M.; Perez Gonzalez, L.; Torres Escobar, J. J.

    2013-07-01

    The intensity modulated (IMRT) radiation therapy is a technique of high conformation which, by its nature, has as one of its main directions prostate cancer radiotherapy treatment. The purpose of this work is presents results of the dosimetric indicators collected in our hospital a number of patients of carcinoma of the prostate with standard three-dimensional Conformal technique (3D-CRT) and IMRT. Aims to demonstrate and quantify with a statistical methodology that, establishing an adequate Protocol of IMRT, significant reductions in risk organ doses can be obtained by keeping the same prescription to the white volume. (Author)

  17. ANÁLISE ISOTÓPICA DO CARBONO EM NÉCTARES DE CAJU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo FIGUEIRA

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a composição isotópica de néctares comerciais de caju e, por meio de modelos de mistura, quantificar aporcentagem de carbono proveniente de plantas do ciclo fotossintético C3 , a fim de identificar as bebidas que não estavam em conformidade com as normas do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA. Para isso, foram produzidos néctares em laboratório conforme a legislação brasileira. Também foi produzida bebida adulterada com quantidade de polpa de caju abaixo do limite estabelecido. Nesses néctares, as porcentagens teóricas de fonte C3 foram calculadas por meio do balanço de massa de sólidos solú- veis. Para a análise isotópica foram mensurados os valores isotópicos dos açúcares de cana, dos néctares de caju e de suas frações açúcares purificados e sólidos insolúveis. Com esses valores, foram calculadas as porcentagens práticas de fonte C3 (reais por meio da análise isotópica, em espectrô- metro de massa. Os resultados práticos foram comparados com os teóricos para definir a melhor forma de quantifi- cação de fonte C3 . Para identificar os néctares comerciais adulterados, foi desenvolvido um limite de legalidade conforme a legislação brasileira. Quatro marcas de néctares de caju foram analisadas e todas classificadas como legais. O limite de legalidade possibilitou identificar as bebidas em conformidade com a lei. A metodologia foi eficiente para quantificar o carbono de origem C3 em néctares comerciais de caju.

  18. Impacto do tratamento do cancro colorrectal no doente e cônjuge : implicações na qualidade de vida, morbilidade psicológica, representações de doenças e stress pós-traumático

    OpenAIRE

    Figueiredo, Ana Paula Rodrigues da Silva

    2007-01-01

    Dissertação de mestrado em Educação - Área de Especialização em Educação para a Saúde O presente trabalho, com o título “Impacto do tratamento no doente com cancro colorrectal e cônjuge: Qualidade de vida, representações da doença, satisfação marital, morbilidade psicológica e stress pós-traumático”, tem como objectivo avaliar o impacto do tratamento de cirurgia, cirurgia/quimioterapia e cirurgia/radioterapia no doente com cancro colorrectal e no respectivo conjugue nas várias dimensões ps...

  19. Percentage of pathological complete response in patients with rectal cancer that received neoadjuvant therapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the Servicio de Radioterapia from Hospital Mexico, in the period from January 2009 to December 2013

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez Mena, Stephanie

    2015-01-01

    Percentage of pathologic complete response is determined in patients with rectal cancer, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in the Servicio de Radioterapia from Hospital Mexico, in the period between January 2009 and December 2013. Tumor histology is determined. The distance of the tumor is identified with respect to the anal margin. The correlation between the TNM staging and the response received in this type of neoadjuvant therapy is described. Radiotherapy dose used in each case is described. Different schemes of chemotherapy used are characterized. The acute side effects most common are determined in the study population [es

  20. Non conformance in fittings for critical environmental conditions; Conexoes nao conformes para trabalho em meios criticos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sgarbi, Mauricio [Promon Engenharia, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Zeemann, Annelise [Tecmetal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2012-07-01

    Carbon steel fittings ASTM A105 and ASTM A234 WPB are widely applied for refinery piping and equipment and the detection, by a construction company, of a fitting manufacturing non conformance (NC) showed to be an unexpected problem of enormous dimension, since part of the plant was in startup conditions, with the NC fittings already welded, hydrostatically tested, painted and, in several lines, already thermally insulated. The challenge of treating the NC in a quick way with 100% confidence was even more difficult due to the metallurgical nature of the problem, not in the expertise of a construction company, which analyzed and decided about changing or accepting about 11,251 fittings of small diameter. This decision could impact directly in the refinery schedule for urgently running the unity. This work shows how the NC was detected, the extension of the problem that required field chemistry and hardness analysis of 7.425 parts, the metallurgical nature of the NC and the adopted treatment, considering that this unity presents aggressive environments and critical conditions like H2S. After a complex metallurgical study it was possible to change only 30% of the NC fittings, although some additional heat treatments were required to assure favorable conditions for piping use. (author)

  1. EM structure of a helicase-loader complex depicting a 6:2 binding sub-stoichiometry from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, Yen-Chen; Naveen, Vankadari; Hsiao, Chwan-Deng

    2016-01-01

    During DNA replication, bacterial helicase is recruited as a complex in association with loader proteins to unwind the parental duplex. Previous structural studies have reported saturated 6:6 helicase-loader complexes with different conformations. However, structural information on the sub-stoichiometric conformations of these previously-documented helicase-loader complexes remains elusive. Here, with the aid of single particle electron-microscopy (EM) image reconstruction, we present the Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 helicase-loader (DnaC-DnaI) complex with a 6:2 binding stoichiometry in the presence of ATPγS. In the 19 Å resolution EM map, the undistorted and unopened helicase ring holds a robust loader density above the C-terminal RecA-like domain. Meanwhile, the path of the central DNA binding channel appears to be obstructed by the reconstructed loader density, implying its potential role as a checkpoint conformation to prevent the loading of immature complex onto DNA. Our data also reveals that the bound nucleotides and the consequently induced conformational changes in the helicase hexamer are essential for active association with loader proteins. These observations provide fundamental insights into the formation of the helicase-loader complex in bacteria that regulates the DNA replication process. - Highlights: • Helicase-loader complex structure with 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is resolved by EM. • Helicase hexamer in 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is constricted and un-opened. • 6:2 binding ratio of helicase-loader complex could act as a DNA loading checkpoint. • Nucleotides stabilize helicase-loader complex at low protein concentrations.

  2. EM structure of a helicase-loader complex depicting a 6:2 binding sub-stoichiometry from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lin, Yen-Chen [Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (China); Naveen, Vankadari [Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (China); Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Hsiao, Chwan-Deng, E-mail: hsiao@gate.sinica.edu.tw [Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (China); Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (China)

    2016-04-22

    During DNA replication, bacterial helicase is recruited as a complex in association with loader proteins to unwind the parental duplex. Previous structural studies have reported saturated 6:6 helicase-loader complexes with different conformations. However, structural information on the sub-stoichiometric conformations of these previously-documented helicase-loader complexes remains elusive. Here, with the aid of single particle electron-microscopy (EM) image reconstruction, we present the Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 helicase-loader (DnaC-DnaI) complex with a 6:2 binding stoichiometry in the presence of ATPγS. In the 19 Å resolution EM map, the undistorted and unopened helicase ring holds a robust loader density above the C-terminal RecA-like domain. Meanwhile, the path of the central DNA binding channel appears to be obstructed by the reconstructed loader density, implying its potential role as a checkpoint conformation to prevent the loading of immature complex onto DNA. Our data also reveals that the bound nucleotides and the consequently induced conformational changes in the helicase hexamer are essential for active association with loader proteins. These observations provide fundamental insights into the formation of the helicase-loader complex in bacteria that regulates the DNA replication process. - Highlights: • Helicase-loader complex structure with 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is resolved by EM. • Helicase hexamer in 6:2 sub-stoichiometry is constricted and un-opened. • 6:2 binding ratio of helicase-loader complex could act as a DNA loading checkpoint. • Nucleotides stabilize helicase-loader complex at low protein concentrations.

  3. Conformal expansions and renormalons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rathsman, J.

    2000-02-07

    The coefficients in perturbative expansions in gauge theories are factorially increasing, predominantly due to renormalons. This type of factorial increase is not expected in conformal theories. In QCD conformal relations between observables can be defined in the presence of a perturbative infrared fixed-point. Using the Banks-Zaks expansion the authors study the effect of the large-order behavior of the perturbative series on the conformal coefficients. The authors find that in general these coefficients become factorially increasing. However, when the factorial behavior genuinely originates in a renormalon integral, as implied by a postulated skeleton expansion, it does not affect the conformal coefficients. As a consequence, the conformal coefficients will indeed be free of renormalon divergence, in accordance with previous observations concerning the smallness of these coefficients for specific observables. The authors further show that the correspondence of the BLM method with the skeleton expansion implies a unique scale-setting procedure. The BLM coefficients can be interpreted as the conformal coefficients in the series relating the fixed-point value of the observable with that of the skeleton effective charge. Through the skeleton expansion the relevance of renormalon-free conformal coefficients extends to real-world QCD.

  4. Study of the conformal symmetry breaking in field theories in gravitational background using path integrals; Estudo da quebra de simetria conforme em teorias de campo em fundo gravitacional com uso de integrais de caminho

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Souza Alves, Marcelo de

    1990-03-01

    Some general aspects on field theories in curved space-time and a introduction to conformal symmetry are presented.The behavior of the physical systems under Weyl transformations is discussed. The quantization of such systems are performed through the functional integration method. The regularization in curved space-time is also discussed. An application of this analysis in String theories is made. 42 refs.

  5. Computational Prediction of Atomic Structures of Helical Membrane Proteins Aided by EM Maps

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kovacs, Julio A.; Yeager, Mark; Abagyan, Ruben

    2007-01-01

    Integral membrane proteins pose a major challenge for protein-structure prediction because only ≈100 high-resolution structures are available currently, thereby impeding the development of rules or empirical potentials to predict the packing of transmembrane α-helices. However, when an intermediate-resolution electron microscopy (EM) map is available, it can be used to provide restraints which, in combination with a suitable computational protocol, make structure prediction feasible. In this work we present such a protocol, which proceeds in three stages: 1), generation of an ensemble of α-helices by flexible fitting into each of the density rods in the low-resolution EM map, spanning a range of rotational angles around the main helical axes and translational shifts along the density rods; 2), fast optimization of side chains and scoring of the resulting conformations; and 3), refinement of the lowest-scoring conformations with internal coordinate mechanics, by optimizing the van der Waals, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, torsional, and solvation energy contributions. In addition, our method implements a penalty term through a so-called tethering map, derived from the EM map, which restrains the positions of the α-helices. The protocol was validated on three test cases: GpA, KcsA, and MscL. PMID:17496035

  6. Conformational analysis by intersection: CONAN.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smellie, Andrew; Stanton, Robert; Henne, Randy; Teig, Steve

    2003-01-15

    As high throughput techniques in chemical synthesis and screening improve, more demands are placed on computer assisted design and virtual screening. Many of these computational methods require one or more three-dimensional conformations for molecules, creating a demand for a conformational analysis tool that can rapidly and robustly cover the low-energy conformational spaces of small molecules. A new algorithm of intersection is presented here, which quickly generates (on average heuristics are applied after intersection to generate a small representative collection of conformations that span the conformational space. In a study of approximately 97,000 randomly selected molecules from the MDDR, results are presented that explore these conformations and their ability to cover low-energy conformational space. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 10-20, 2003

  7. Análise isotópica (δ¹³C) e legalidade em néctares de uva

    OpenAIRE

    Figueira, Ricardo [UNESP; Parente Nogueira, Andressa Milene [UNESP; Ducatti, Carlos [UNESP; Venturini Filho, Waldemar Gastoni [UNESP; Mischan, Martha Maria [UNESP

    2010-01-01

    O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um métodode análise isotópica para quantificar o carbono dociclo fotossintético C3 em néctares de uva eidentificar as bebidas comerciais em desacordocom as normas do Ministério da Agricultura,Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Os néctares foramproduzidos em laboratório conforme a legislaçãobrasileira. Também foram produzidas bebidas comquantidade de suco de uva abaixo do estabelecidopelo MAPA. Nas análises isotópicas foi mensuradoo enriquecimento isotóp...

  8. The conformal method and the conformal thin-sandwich method are the same

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maxwell, David

    2014-01-01

    The conformal method developed in the 1970s and the more recent Lagrangian and Hamiltonian conformal thin-sandwich methods are techniques for finding solutions of the Einstein constraint equations. We show that they are manifestations of a single conformal method: there is a straightforward way to convert back and forth between the parameters for these methods so that the corresponding solutions of the Einstein constraint equations agree. The unifying idea is the need to clearly distinguish tangent and cotangent vectors to the space of conformal classes on a manifold, and we introduce a vocabulary for working with these objects without reference to a particular representative background metric. As a consequence of these conceptual advantages, we demonstrate how to strengthen previous near-CMC (constant mean curvature) existence and non-existence theorems for the original conformal method to include metrics with scalar curvatures that change sign. (paper)

  9. Superspace conformal field theory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quella, Thomas [Koeln Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Schomerus, Volker [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

    2013-07-15

    Conformal sigma models and WZW models on coset superspaces provide important examples of logarithmic conformal field theories. They possess many applications to problems in string and condensed matter theory. We review recent results and developments, including the general construction of WZW models on type I supergroups, the classification of conformal sigma models and their embedding into string theory.

  10. Superspace conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quella, Thomas

    2013-07-01

    Conformal sigma models and WZW models on coset superspaces provide important examples of logarithmic conformal field theories. They possess many applications to problems in string and condensed matter theory. We review recent results and developments, including the general construction of WZW models on type I supergroups, the classification of conformal sigma models and their embedding into string theory.

  11. Compartilhamento do conhecimento em incubadoras brasileiras associadas à ANPROTEC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ilse Maria Beuren

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo objetiva descrever o processo de compartilhamento do conhecimento em incubadoras brasileiras associadas à Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos de Tecnologias Avançadas (Anprotec. Para tanto, primeiramente, discorreu-se sobre a gestão do conhecimento, o compartilhamento do conhecimento nas organizações e a conceituação de incubadoras de empresas. Em seguida, procedeu-se ao estudo de levantamento ou survey, analisando o compartilhamento do conhecimento em 33 incubadoras brasileiras associadas à Anprotec, conforme relação disponível em seu site. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários enviados por correio eletrônico, com um retorno de 18%. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que há uma preocupação em gerar, difundir e, sobretudo, compartilhar informações e conhecimentos nas incubadoras estudadas. Quanto às formas de compartilhamento analisadas, verificou-se que as palestras, as reuniões, os encontros e as discussões são os eventos que apresentam maior grau de importância nas incubadoras. Por fim, observou-se que as incubadoras buscam pessoas especializadas para a realização de palestras ou seminários, bem como incentivam a participação dos empregados em encontros regionais e nacionais.

  12. Conformal Infinity

    OpenAIRE

    Frauendiener, J?rg

    2000-01-01

    The notion of conformal infinity has a long history within the research in Einstein's theory of gravity. Today, 'conformal infinity' is related to almost all other branches of research in general relativity, from quantisation procedures to abstract mathematical issues to numerical applications. This review article attempts to show how this concept gradually and inevitably evolved from physical issues, namely the need to understand gravitational radiation and isolated systems within the theory...

  13. Neoplasias primárias múltiplas em pacientes com câncer colorretal Multiple primary neoplasms in colorectal cancer patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo de Souza CURY

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available Introdução - A presença de uma segunda neoplasia maligna, tendo sítio e histologia diferentes da primeira, define o conceito de neoplasias primárias múltiplas. Com o aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes com câncer, houve um aumento de neoplasias primárias múltiplas. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a freqüência de neoplasias primarias múltiplas em pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer colorretal do Setor de Oncologia da Disciplina de Gastroenterologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Pacientes e Métodos - No período de 1993 a 1998, 145 pacientes com câncer colorretal foram acompanhados no Setor de Oncologia da Disciplina de Gastroenterologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Destes, cinco pacientes (3,4% tinham neoplasias primárias múltiplas. O segundo tumor foi confirmado por exame histológico, sendo excluídas as possibilidades de metástase. Resultados - A idade média dos doentes com neoplasias primárias múltiplas foi de 60,6 anos, quatro eram do sexo feminino e um do masculino, três apresentaram doença no reto, um no cólon direito e um no cólon esquerdo. Os outros sítios foram mama, útero, útero e vagina, pele e lábio. Um paciente foi a óbito e os outros estão em acompanhamento, sendo que dois, há mais de três anos. Dois pacientes tinham sido submetidos a radioterapia pélvica antes do aparecimento da neoplasia colorretal. Em um paciente o tumor colorretal antecedeu o outro câncer e em quatro apareceu posteriormente ao diagnóstico da outra neoplasia primária. Discussão - A prevalência de neoplasias primárias múltiplas foi de 3,4%, sendo maior no sexo feminino. Câncer de endométrio foi o outro tumor maligno mais freqüente. Quarenta por cento dos nossos pacientes foram submetidos a radioterapia. Acreditamos ser importante o acompanhamento dos pacientes para o diagnóstico precoce de uma nova neoplasia em qualquer paciente que já tenha apresentado um câncer.Introduction - Multiple primary

  14. Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella sp. em queijos de coalho artesanais produzidos em São Rafael, Rio Grande do Norte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tarciara Magley da Fonseca Pereira

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available O queijo de coalho artesanal é produto de origem animal muito consumido principalmente na região Nordeste do Brasil. É comumente fabricado com leite cru, não pasteurizado, como matéria prima, sem a utilização de boas práticas higiênicas, podendo veicular micro-organismos patogênicos ao consumidor. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a presença de Salmonella sp. e quantificar Staphyloccocus aureus em queijos de coalho produzidos artesanalmente no município de São Rafael Rio Grande do Norte.Foram realizadas coletas em triplicata em sete queijarias artesanais do município, e, em seguida, os queijos foram transportados imediatamente em caixas isotérmicas, ao Laborátório de Biotecnologia Industrial da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, onde foram submetidos à análise microbiológica de forma asséptica, conforme metodologia recomendada pela Instrução Normativa nº 62, de 26 de agosto de 2003, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Todas as amostras apresentaram elevadas contagens de Staphylococcus aureus, estando em desconformidade com o padrão exigido pela legislação brasileira para este grupo microbiano. Foi constatado ausência de Salmonella sp. nas amostras avaliadas. As análises microbiológicas evidenciaram péssimas condições de higiene de todos os queijos estudados, já que os mesmos apresentaram grande contaminação por Staphylococcus aureus, o que pode representar riscos à saúde pública.

  15. Conformal superalgebras via tractor calculus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lischewski, Andree

    2015-01-01

    We use the manifestly conformally invariant description of a Lorentzian conformal structure in terms of a parabolic Cartan geometry in order to introduce a superalgebra structure on the space of twistor spinors and normal conformal vector fields formulated in purely algebraic terms on parallel sections in tractor bundles. Via a fixed metric in the conformal class, one reproduces a conformal superalgebra structure that has been considered in the literature before. The tractor approach, however, makes clear that the failure of this object to be a Lie superalgebra in certain cases is due to purely algebraic identities on the spinor module and to special properties of the conformal holonomy representation. Moreover, it naturally generalizes to higher signatures. This yields new formulas for constructing new twistor spinors and higher order normal conformal Killing forms out of existing ones, generalizing the well-known spinorial Lie derivative. Moreover, we derive restrictions on the possible dimension of the space of twistor spinors in any metric signature.

  16. Conformal sequestering simplified

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schmaltz, Martin; Sundrum, Raman

    2006-01-01

    Sequestering is important for obtaining flavor-universal soft masses in models where supersymmetry breaking is mediated at high scales. We construct a simple and robust class of hidden sector models which sequester themselves from the visible sector due to strong and conformally invariant hidden dynamics. Masses for hidden matter eventually break the conformal symmetry and lead to supersymmetry breaking by the mechanism recently discovered by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih. We give a unified treatment of subtleties due to global symmetries of the CFT. There is enough review for the paper to constitute a self-contained account of conformal sequestering

  17. Evaluation of <em>HER2em> Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Nuclei Microarray <em>in em>S>itu em>Hybridization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuefeng Zhang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Fluorescence<em> em>>in situ em>hybridization (FISH assay is considered the “gold standard” in evaluating <em>HER2/neu (HER2em> gene status. However, FISH detection is costly and time consuming. Thus, we established nuclei microarray with extracted intact nuclei from paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues for FISH detection. The nuclei microarray FISH (NMFISH technology serves as a useful platform for analyzing <em>HER2em> gene/chromosome 17 centromere ratio. We examined <em>HER2em> gene status in 152 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast that were resected surgically with FISH and NMFISH. <em>HER2em> gene amplification status was classified according to the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP. Comparison of the cut-off values for <em>HER2em>/chromosome 17 centromere copy number ratio obtained by NMFISH and FISH showed that there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods (κ coefficient 0.920. The results of the two methods were almost consistent for the evaluation of <em>HER2em> gene counts. The present study proved that NMFISH is comparable with FISH for evaluating <em>HER2em> gene status. The use of nuclei microarray technology is highly efficient, time and reagent conserving and inexpensive.

  18. Conformity index: A review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feuvret, Loic; Noel, Georges; Mazeron, Jean-Jacques; Bey, Pierre

    2006-01-01

    We present a critical analysis of the conformity indices described in the literature and an evaluation of their field of application. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, with or without intensity modulation, is based on medical imaging techniques, three-dimensional dosimetry software, compression accessories, and verification procedures. It consists of delineating target volumes and critical healthy tissues to select the best combination of beams. This approach allows better adaptation of the isodose to the tumor volume, while limiting irradiation of healthy tissues. Tools must be developed to evaluate the quality of proposed treatment plans. Dosimetry software provides the dose distribution in each CT section and dose-volume histograms without really indicating the degree of conformity. The conformity index is a complementary tool that attributes a score to a treatment plan or that can compare several treatment plans for the same patient. The future of conformal index in everyday practice therefore remains unclear

  19. Neonatal Phosphate Nutrition Alters <em>in em>Vivo> and <em>in em>Vitro> Satellite Cell Activity in Pigs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chad H. Stahl

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Satellite cell activity is necessary for postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Severe phosphate (PO4 deficiency can alter satellite cell activity, however the role of neonatal PO4 nutrition on satellite cell biology remains obscure. Twenty-one piglets (1 day of age, 1.8 ± 0.2 kg BW were pair-fed liquid diets that were either PO4 adequate (0.9% total P, supra-adequate (1.2% total P in PO4 requirement or deficient (0.7% total P in PO4 content for 12 days. Body weight was recorded daily and blood samples collected every 6 days. At day 12, pigs were orally dosed with BrdU and 12 h later, satellite cells were isolated. Satellite cells were also cultured <em>in vitroem> for 7 days to determine if PO4 nutrition alters their ability to proceed through their myogenic lineage. Dietary PO4 deficiency resulted in reduced (<em>P> < 0.05 sera PO4 and parathyroid hormone (PTH concentrations, while supra-adequate dietary PO4 improved (<em>P> < 0.05 feed conversion efficiency as compared to the PO4 adequate group. <em>In vivoem> satellite cell proliferation was reduced (<em>P> < 0.05 among the PO4 deficient pigs, and these cells had altered <em>in vitroem> expression of markers of myogenic progression. Further work to better understand early nutritional programming of satellite cells and the potential benefits of emphasizing early PO4 nutrition for future lean growth potential is warranted.

  20. Fermion-scalar conformal blocks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iliesiu, Luca [Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University,Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Kos, Filip [Department of Physics, Yale University,217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); Poland, David [Department of Physics, Yale University,217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study,1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (United States); Pufu, Silviu S. [Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University,Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Simmons-Duffin, David [School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study,1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (United States); Yacoby, Ran [Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University,Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)

    2016-04-13

    We compute the conformal blocks associated with scalar-scalar-fermion-fermion 4-point functions in 3D CFTs. Together with the known scalar conformal blocks, our result completes the task of determining the so-called ‘seed blocks’ in three dimensions. Conformal blocks associated with 4-point functions of operators with arbitrary spins can now be determined from these seed blocks by using known differential operators.

  1. Idade como fator prognóstico no câncer de mama em estádio inicial Edad como factor pronóstico en el cáncer de mama en fase inicial Age as a prognostic factor in early breast cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernardo Garicochea

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a idade como fator prognóstico no câncer de mama em estádio clínico inicial. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que analisou as características clínicas e a sobrevida livre de doença de 280 pacientes entre 25 e 81 anos com câncer de mama estágio clínico I e II com acompanhamento em hospital de Porto Alegre (RS, de 1995 a 2000. Dados clínicos, patológicos, tratamento e desfechos foram extraídos dos prontuários das pacientes. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos conforme a idade ao diagnóstico (40 anos. Os dois grupos foram comparados quanto ao estágio clínico, histologia, expressão de receptores hormonais, terapia e radioterapia utilizando o teste qui-quadrado e/ou exato de Fisher e para análise de sobrevida, o teste de long-rank e método de Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: Do total de 280 mulheres estudadas, 54 (19,3% tinham até 40 anos de idade. Ambos os grupos de pacientes eram similares em estágio clínico, histologia e expressão de receptores hormonais. A proporção de pacientes com sobrevida livre de doença em seguimento de 56 meses foi significativamente maior nas pacientes acima de 40 anos (84% versus 70%. Proporcionalmente, as pacientes mais jovens receberam mais terapia adjuvante (88,8% versus 77,8%. Houve diferença significativa na probabilidade das mulheres acima de 40 anos de permanecerem livre de doença (84%, sendo mais evidente quando comparadas às pacientes com OBJETIVO: Analizar la edad como factor pronóstico en el cáncer de mama en fase clínico inicial. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo que analizó las características clínicas y la sobrevida libre de enfermedad de 280 pacientes entre 25 y 81 años con cáncer de mama fase clínica I y II con acompañamiento en hospital de Porto Alegre (Sur de Brasil, de 1995 a 2000. Datos clínicos, patológicos, tratamiento y resultados fueron extraídos de los prontuarios de las pacientes. Las pacientes fueron divididas en dos grupos conforme la

  2. Fabrication challenges associated with conformal optics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schaefer, John; Eichholtz, Richard A.; Sulzbach, Frank C.

    2001-09-01

    A conformal optic is typically an optical window that conforms smoothly to the external shape of a system platform to improve aerodynamics. Conformal optics can be on-axis, such as an ogive missile dome, or off-axis, such as in a free form airplane wing. A common example of conformal optics is the automotive head light window that conforms to the body of the car aerodynamics and aesthetics. The unusual shape of conformal optics creates tremendous challenges for design, manufacturing, and testing. This paper will discuss fabrication methods that have been successfully demonstrated to produce conformal missile domes and associated wavefront corrector elements. It will identify challenges foreseen with more complex free-form configurations. Work presented in this paper was directed by the Precision Conformal Optics Consortium (PCOT). PCOT is comprised of both industrial and academic members who teamed to develop and demonstrate conformal optical systems suitable for insertion into future military programs. The consortium was funded under DARPA agreement number MDA972-96-9-08000.

  3. Reactions driving conformational movements (molecular motors) in gels: conformational and structural chemical kinetics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Otero, Toribio F

    2017-01-18

    In this perspective the empirical kinetics of conducting polymers exchanging anions and solvent during electrochemical reactions to get dense reactive gels is reviewed. The reaction drives conformational movements of the chains (molecular motors), exchange of ions and solvent with the electrolyte and structural (relaxation, swelling, shrinking and compaction) gel changes. Reaction-driven structural changes are identified and quantified from electrochemical responses. The empirical reaction activation energy (E a ), the reaction coefficient (k) and the reaction orders (α and β) change as a function of the conformational energy variation during the reaction. This conformational energy becomes an empirical magnitude. E a , k, α and β include and provide quantitative conformational and structural information. The chemical kinetics becomes structural chemical kinetics (SCK) for reactions driving conformational movements of the reactants. The electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation model describes empirical results and some results from the literature for biochemical reactions. In parallel the development of an emerging technological world of soft, wet, multifunctional and biomimetic tools and anthropomorphic robots driven by reactions of the constitutive material, as in biological organs, can be now envisaged being theoretically supported by the kinetic model.

  4. Axiomatic conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaberdiel, M.R.; Goddard, P.

    2000-01-01

    A new rigourous approach to conformal field theory is presented. The basic objects are families of complex-valued amplitudes, which define a meromorphic conformal field theory (or chiral algebra) and which lead naturally to the definition of topological vector spaces, between which vertex operators act as continuous operators. In fact, in order to develop the theory, Moebius invariance rather than full conformal invariance is required but it is shown that every Moebius theory can be extended to a conformal theory by the construction of a Virasoro field. In this approach, a representation of a conformal field theory is naturally defined in terms of a family of amplitudes with appropriate analytic properties. It is shown that these amplitudes can also be derived from a suitable collection of states in the meromorphic theory. Zhu's algebra then appears naturally as the algebra of conditions which states defining highest weight representations must satisfy. The relationship of the representations of Zhu's algebra to the classification of highest weight representations is explained. (orig.)

  5. Conformal description of spinning particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Todorov, I.T.

    1986-01-01

    This book is an introduction to the application of the conformal group to quantum field theory of particles with spin. After an introduction to the twistor representations of the conformal group of a conformally flat space-time and twistor flag manifolds with Su(2,2) orbits the classical phase space of conformal spinning particles is described. Thereafter the twistor description of classical zero mass fields is considered together with the quantization. (HSI)

  6. Conformal boundaries of warped products

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kokkendorff, Simon Lyngby

    2006-01-01

    In this note we prove a result on how to determine the conformal boundary of a type of warped product of two length spaces in terms of the individual conformal boundaries. In the situation, that we treat, the warping and conformal distortion functions are functions of distance to a base point....... The result is applied to produce examples of CAT(0)-spaces, where the conformal and ideal boundaries differ in interesting ways....

  7. Conformally connected universes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cantor, M.; Piran, T.

    1983-01-01

    A well-known difficulty associated with the conformal method for the solution of the general relativistic Hamiltonian constraint is the appearance of an aphysical ''bag of gold'' singularity at the nodal surface of the conformal factor. This happens whenever the background Ricci scalar is too large. Using a simple model, it is demonstrated that some of these singular solutions do have a physical meaning, and that these can be considered as initial data for Universe containing black holes, which are connected, in a conformally nonsingular way with each other. The relation between the ADM mass and the horizon area in this solution supports the cosmic censorship conjecture. (author)

  8. On Associative Conformal Algebras of Linear Growth

    OpenAIRE

    Retakh, Alexander

    2000-01-01

    Lie conformal algebras appear in the theory of vertex algebras. Their relation is similar to that of Lie algebras and their universal enveloping algebras. Associative conformal algebras play a role in conformal representation theory. We introduce the notions of conformal identity and unital associative conformal algebras and classify finitely generated simple unital associative conformal algebras of linear growth. These are precisely the complete algebras of conformal endomorphisms of finite ...

  9. Conformal algebra of Riemann surfaces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vafa, C.

    1988-01-01

    It has become clear over the last few years that 2-dimensional conformal field theories are a crucial ingredient of string theory. Conformal field theories correspond to vacuum solutions of strings; or more precisely we know how to compute string spectrum and scattering amplitudes by starting from a formal theory (with a proper value of central charge of the Virasoro algebra). Certain non-linear sigma models do give rise to conformal theories. A lot of progress has been made in the understanding of conformal theories. The author discusses a different view of conformal theories which was motivated by the development of operator formalism on Riemann surfaces. The author discusses an interesting recent work from this point of view

  10. Ras conformational switching: simulating nucleotide-dependent conformational transitions with accelerated molecular dynamics.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barry J Grant

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Ras mediates signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and development by cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound active and inactive conformational states. Understanding the complete reaction path of this conformational change and its intermediary structures is critical to understanding Ras signaling. We characterize nucleotide-dependent conformational transition using multiple-barrier-crossing accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD simulations. These transitions, achieved for the first time for wild-type Ras, are impossible to observe with classical molecular dynamics (cMD simulations due to the large energetic barrier between end states. Mapping the reaction path onto a conformer plot describing the distribution of the crystallographic structures enabled identification of highly populated intermediate structures. These structures have unique switch orientations (residues 25-40 and 57-75 intermediate between GTP and GDP states, or distinct loop3 (46-49, loop7 (105-110, and alpha5 C-terminus (159-166 conformations distal from the nucleotide-binding site. In addition, these barrier-crossing trajectories predict novel nucleotide-dependent correlated motions, including correlations of alpha2 (residues 66-74 with alpha3-loop7 (93-110, loop2 (26-37 with loop10 (145-151, and loop3 (46-49 with alpha5 (152-167. The interconversion between newly identified Ras conformations revealed by this study advances our mechanistic understanding of Ras function. In addition, the pattern of correlated motions provides new evidence for a dynamic linkage between the nucleotide-binding site and the membrane interacting C-terminus critical for the signaling function of Ras. Furthermore, normal mode analysis indicates that the dominant collective motion that occurs during nucleotide-dependent conformational exchange, and captured in aMD (but absent in cMD simulations, is a low-frequency motion intrinsic to the structure.

  11. Conformality lost

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaplan, David B.; Lee, Jong-Wan; Son, Dam T.; Stephanov, Mikhail A.

    2009-01-01

    We consider zero-temperature transitions from conformal to nonconformal phases in quantum theories. We argue that there are three generic mechanisms for the loss of conformality in any number of dimensions: (i) fixed point goes to zero coupling, (ii) fixed point runs off to infinite coupling, or (iii) an IR fixed point annihilates with a UV fixed point and they both disappear into the complex plane. We give both relativistic and nonrelativistic examples of the last case in various dimensions and show that the critical behavior of the mass gap behaves similarly to the correlation length in the finite temperature Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in two dimensions, ξ∼exp(c/|T-T c | 1/2 ). We speculate that the chiral phase transition in QCD at large number of fermion flavors belongs to this universality class, and attempt to identify the UV fixed point that annihilates with the Banks-Zaks fixed point at the lower end of the conformal window.

  12. Procedimentos em exumações para investigação de vínculo genético em ossos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melki João Arnaldo Damião

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar problemas técnicos nas exumações para pesquisa de DNA em ossos e propor soluções por meio de protocolo. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e qualitativo das exumações, procedendo cada etapa da perícia conforme proposto na literatura médico-legal. Foram realizadas dez exumações no período de 1995 a 1998, para coleta de restos humanos e extração do DNA, sendo sete de interesse civil e três, criminal. As dificuldades técnicas surgidas na execução desses procedimentos foram resolvidas a partir de alternativas estabelecidas. RESULTADOS: A escassez de informações úteis para a identificação do indivíduo, baseada em seus restos mortais, foi observada em todos os casos. As características morfológicas individuais contribuíram para a identificação em 50% dos casos. O auxílio dos familiares foi importante na revelação dessas características. Em três casos, foi indicado apenas o sexo e, em um, a idade. A falta de infra-estrutura dos cemitérios e de segurança policial dificultou o trabalho pericial. CONCLUSÕES: Para garantir a fidelidade do exame molecular do DNA é necessário identificar de quem são os restos mortais a serem exumados. Para a eficiência da perícia, é fundamental o uso de um protocolo que inclua, entre outras questões, as relativas a identificação, infra-estrutura e segurança pessoal dos peritos no local do exame.

  13. 40 CFR 93.154 - Conformity analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conformity analysis. 93.154 Section 93...) DETERMINING CONFORMITY OF FEDERAL ACTIONS TO STATE OR FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Determining Conformity of General Federal Actions to State or Federal Implementation Plans § 93.154 Conformity analysis. Any Federal...

  14. Tratamento conservador em retinoblastoma intra-ocular Conservative treatment for intraocular retinoblastoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clélia Maria Erwenne

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar os índices de conservação do globo ocular após tratamento com carboplatina e laser associados ou não a outras formas de tratamento local e radioterapia quando necessário. MÉTODO: Os olhos, virgens de qualquer tratamento, foram inicialmente estadiados, por oftalmoscopia indireta sob narcose ambulatorial, segundo Reese & Ellsworth e os pacientes submetidos à avaliação clínica por pediatra oncologista. Iniciou-se a administração do primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia com carboplatina 200 mg/m², vincristina 1,5 mg/m² e etoposida 150 mg/m² por via endovenosa em 3 dias. Seguiram-se outros ciclos sendo o intervalo entre eles de 21 a 28 dias. De 7 a 15 dias do término do ciclo de quimioterapia, nova oftalmoscopia indireta sob narcose ambulatorial era realizada com descrição dos achados e aplicação de hipertermia por laser Diodo 810 nm, pulso contínuo, e "large spot". O procedimento (quimioterapia e laser foi repetido até completa cicatrização total das lesões ou até que se observasse necessidade de outra modalidade terapêutica como a radioterapia ou a enucleação. Controles periódicos bimensais no primeiro ano e trimestrais nos seguintes foram realizados para reavaliação e tratamento de novas lesões ou recidivas. Acompanhamento clínico por oncologista pediatra foi realizado durante todo o tratamento e seguimento. RESULTADOS: Foram tratados 62 pacientes portadores de RB (32M/30F, 15 unilaterais e 47 bilaterais (total de 107 olhos. A média de idade foi 16,9 meses (2,6 a 71,4. Em 5 pacientes administrou-se 4 ciclos de quimioterapia, nos demais foram necessários mais que 4 e até 8 ciclos. Em 34 olhos não se pode evitar o uso de radioterapia. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 26,8 meses (5 a 60. Entre os bilaterais os índices de conservação, segundo os estádios de Reese & Ellsworth foram: I 10/11 (90,9%; II 8/9 (88,8%; III 10/10 (100,0%; IV 3/8 (37,5%; V 14/54 (25,9%. Considerando-se o total de

  15. Recursion Relations for Conformal Blocks

    CERN Document Server

    Penedones, João; Yamazaki, Masahito

    2016-09-12

    In the context of conformal field theories in general space-time dimension, we find all the possible singularities of the conformal blocks as functions of the scaling dimension $\\Delta$ of the exchanged operator. In particular, we argue, using representation theory of parabolic Verma modules, that in odd spacetime dimension the singularities are only simple poles. We discuss how to use this information to write recursion relations that determine the conformal blocks. We first recover the recursion relation introduced in 1307.6856 for conformal blocks of external scalar operators. We then generalize this recursion relation for the conformal blocks associated to the four point function of three scalar and one vector operator. Finally we specialize to the case in which the vector operator is a conserved current.

  16. The logarithmic conformal field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rahimi Tabar, M.R.; Aghamohammadi, A.; Khorrami, M.

    1997-01-01

    We study the correlation functions of logarithmic conformal field theories. First, assuming conformal invariance, we explicitly calculate two- and three-point functions. This calculation is done for the general case of more than one logarithmic field in a block, and more than one set of logarithmic fields. Then we show that one can regard the logarithmic field as a formal derivative of the ordinary field with respect to its conformal weight. This enables one to calculate any n-point function containing the logarithmic field in terms of ordinary n-point functions. Finally, we calculate the operator product expansion (OPE) coefficients of a logarithmic conformal field theory, and show that these can be obtained from the corresponding coefficients of ordinary conformal theory by a simple derivation. (orig.)

  17. Recent advancements in conformal gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    O’Brien, James G.; Chaykov, Spasen S.; Moss, Robert J.; Dentico, Jeremy; Stulge, Modestas; Stefanski, Brian

    2017-01-01

    In recent years, due to the lack of direct observed evidence of cold dark matter, coupled with the shrinking parameter space to search for new dark matter particles, there has been increased interest in Alternative Gravitational theories. This paper, addresses three recent advances in conformal gravity, a fourth order renormalizable metric theory of gravitation originally formulated by Weyl, and later advanced by Mannheim and Kazanas. The first section of the paper applies conformal gravity to the rotation curves of the LITTLE THINGS survey, extending the total number of rotation curves successfully fit by conformal gravity to well over 200 individual data sets without the need for additional dark matter. Further, in this rotation curve study, we show how MOND and conformal gravity compare for each galaxy in the sample. Second, we look at the original Zwicky problem of applying the virial theorem to the Coma cluster in order to get an estimate for the cluster mass. However, instead of using the standard Newtonian potential, here we use the weak field approximation of conformal gravity. We show that in the conformal case we can get a much smaller mass estimate and thus there is no apparent need to include dark matter. We then show that this calculation is in agreement with the observational data from other well studied clusters. Last, we explore the calculation of the deflection of starlight through conformal gravity, as a first step towards applying conformal gravity to gravitaitonal lensing. (paper)

  18. Benchmarking Commercial Conformer Ensemble Generators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friedrich, Nils-Ole; de Bruyn Kops, Christina; Flachsenberg, Florian; Sommer, Kai; Rarey, Matthias; Kirchmair, Johannes

    2017-11-27

    We assess and compare the performance of eight commercial conformer ensemble generators (ConfGen, ConfGenX, cxcalc, iCon, MOE LowModeMD, MOE Stochastic, MOE Conformation Import, and OMEGA) and one leading free algorithm, the distance geometry algorithm implemented in RDKit. The comparative study is based on a new version of the Platinum Diverse Dataset, a high-quality benchmarking dataset of 2859 protein-bound ligand conformations extracted from the PDB. Differences in the performance of commercial algorithms are much smaller than those observed for free algorithms in our previous study (J. Chem. Inf. 2017, 57, 529-539). For commercial algorithms, the median minimum root-mean-square deviations measured between protein-bound ligand conformations and ensembles of a maximum of 250 conformers are between 0.46 and 0.61 Å. Commercial conformer ensemble generators are characterized by their high robustness, with at least 99% of all input molecules successfully processed and few or even no substantial geometrical errors detectable in their output conformations. The RDKit distance geometry algorithm (with minimization enabled) appears to be a good free alternative since its performance is comparable to that of the midranked commercial algorithms. Based on a statistical analysis, we elaborate on which algorithms to use and how to parametrize them for best performance in different application scenarios.

  19. Resistência contra ectoparasitas em bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus avaliada em condições naturais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina P. Cardoso

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência aos ectoparasitas em bovinos jovens da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus em condições naturais. Foram utilizados 10 machos castrados em cada grupo, recém desmamados (6-8 meses e mantidos sob as mesmas condições de manejo, em pastagens cultivadas de inverno e verão, no município de Monte Castelo - SC, sofrendo infestação natural por ectoparasitas. A cada 28 dias, fêmeas de carrapatos (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus com tamanho acima de 4 mm foram quantificadas nos dois lados do corpo de cada animal, bem como os nódulos com larvas de Dermatobia hominis. A espessura da capa do pelame foi também avaliada a cada coleta e os animais foram classificados quanto à coloração do pelame. Os animais da raça Crioula Lageana foram mais resistentes às infestações por D. hominis e R. microplus. Não houve diferença entre a disposição de carrapatos e bernes conforme os lados direito e esquerdo dos animais. Os animais de pelagem escura albergaram a maior porcentagem de ectoparasitas nos grupos avaliados.

  20. Conformal and Nearly Conformal Theories at Large N

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tarnoplskiy, Grigory M.

    In this thesis we present new results in conformal and nearly conformal field theories in various dimensions. In chapter two, we study different properties of the conformal Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in continuous dimension d. At first we study conformal QED using large Nf methods, where Nf is the number of massless fermions. We compute its sphere free energy as a function of d, ignoring the terms of order 1/Nf and higher. For finite Nf we use the epsilon-expansion. Next we use a large Nf diagrammatic approach to calculate the leading corrections to CT, the coefficient of the two-point function of the stress-energy tensor, and CJ, the coefficient of the two-point function of the global symmetry current. We present explicit formulae as a function of d and check them versus the expectations in 2 and 4 - epsilon dimensions. In chapter three, we discuss vacuum stability in 1 + 1 dimensional conformal field theories with external background fields. We show that the vacuum decay rate is given by a non-local two-form. This two-form is a boundary term that must be added to the effective in/out Lagrangian. The two-form is expressed in terms of a Riemann-Hilbert decomposition for background gauge fields, and is given by its novel "functional'' version in the gravitational case. In chapter four, we explore Tensor models. Such models possess the large N limit dominated by the melon diagrams. The quantum mechanics of a real anti-commuting rank-3 tensor has a large N limit similar to the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. We also discuss the quantum mechanics of a complex 3-index anti-commuting tensor and argue that it is equivalent in the large N limit to a version of SYK model with complex fermions. Finally, we discuss models of a commuting tensor in dimension d. We study the spectrum of the large N quantum field theory of bosonic rank-3 tensors using the Schwinger-Dyson equations. We compare some of these results with the 4 - epsilon expansion, finding perfect agreement. We

  1. Glioma supratentorial de baixo grau em adulto: experiência com 23 pacientes operados Supratentorial low grade tumors in adults: an experience with 23 surgical cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Carlos Lynch

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Os astrocitomas e oligodendrogliomas supratentoriais dos adultos são tumores infrequentes. Analisamos retrospectivamente 23 pacientes com este tipo de neoplasia que foram operados entre 1986 e 2002. Não ocorreu nenhum óbito no pós-operatório. A sobrevida de 5 e 10 anos de todo o grupo foi 67 e 30% respectivamente, semelhante a outras experiências. Em 14 pacientes obtivemos a remoção completa da lesão (60,8% e em 9 (39,2% ocorreu remoção parcial do tumor. No subgrupo da ressecção total do tumor, 89% sobreviveram 5 anos e 45% alcançaram 10 anos de sobrevida, em contraste com o subgrupo da remoção parcial em que somente 35% alcançaram os 5 anos de sobrevida e nenhum, 10 anos. Devido aos efeitos deletérios da radioterapia, nós preferimos prescrevê-la apenas nos casos de recorrência tumoral.Low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas in adults are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system. We analyzed retrospectively 23 patients with this type of neoplasia, who were operated on between 1986 and 2002. There were no post-operative deaths. The survival rate at 5 and 10 years post-surgery for the entire sample was 67 and 30% respectively, similar to other outcomes. With 14 patients we achieved a complete removal of the lesion (60.8% and with 9 (39.2% partial removal of the tumor. In the sub-group which underwent total resection of the tumor, 89% survived 5 years and 45% attained 10 years of survival, in contrast with the sub-group that underwent partial removal in which only 35% attained 5 years of survival and none 10 years. Due to the deleterious effects of radiation therapy, we preferred to prescribe it only in cases of tumor recurrence.

  2. Conformal radiotherapy: principles and classification

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rosenwald, J.C.; Gaboriaud, G.; Pontvert, D.

    1999-01-01

    'Conformal radiotherapy' is the name fixed by usage and given to a new form of radiotherapy resulting from the technological improvements observed during the last ten years. While this terminology is now widely used, no precise definition can be found in the literature. Conformal radiotherapy refers to an approach in which the dose distribution is more closely 'conformed' or adapted to the actual shape of the target volume. However, the achievement of a consensus on a more specific definition is hampered by various difficulties, namely in characterizing the degree of 'conformality'. We have therefore suggested a classification scheme be established on the basis of the tools and the procedures actually used for all steps of the process, i.e., from prescription to treatment completion. Our classification consists of four levels: schematically, at level 0, there is no conformation (rectangular fields); at level 1, a simple conformation takes place, on the basis of conventional 2D imaging; at level 2, a 3D reconstruction of the structures is used for a more accurate conformation; and level 3 includes research and advanced dynamic techniques. We have used our personal experience, contacts with colleagues and data from the literature to analyze all the steps of the planning process, and to define the tools and procedures relevant to a given level. The corresponding tables have been discussed and approved at the European level within the Dynarad concerted action. It is proposed that the term 'conformal radiotherapy' be restricted to procedures where all steps are at least at level 2. (author)

  3. Reference Gene Selection in the Desert Plant <em>Eremosparton songoricuem>m>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dao-Yuan Zhang

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available <em>Eremosparton songoricum em>(Litv. Vass. (<em>E. songoricumem> is a rare and extremely drought-tolerant desert plant that holds promise as a model organism for the identification of genes associated with water deficit stress. Here, we cloned and evaluated the expression of eight candidate reference genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions. The expression of these candidate reference genes was analyzed in a diverse set of 20 samples including various <em>E. songoricumem> plant tissues exposed to multiple environmental stresses. GeNorm analysis indicated that expression stability varied between the reference genes in the different experimental conditions, but the two most stable reference genes were sufficient for normalization in most conditions.<em> EsEFem> and <em>Esα-TUB> were sufficient for various stress conditions, <em>EsEF> and <em>EsACT> were suitable for samples of differing germination stages, and <em>EsGAPDH>and <em>Es>UBQ em>were most stable across multiple adult tissue samples. The <em>Es18Sem> gene was unsuitable as a reference gene in our analysis. In addition, the expression level of the drought-stress related transcription factor <em>EsDREB2em>> em>verified the utility of<em> E. songoricumem> reference genes and indicated that no single gene was adequate for normalization on its own. This is the first systematic report on the selection of reference genes in <em>E. songoricumem>, and these data will facilitate future work on gene expression in this species.

  4. S-Adenosylmethionine conformations in solution and in protein complexes: Conformational influences of the sulfonium group

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Markham, George D.; Norrby, Per-Ola; Bock, Charles W.

    2002-01-01

    S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and other sulfonium ions play central roles in the metabolism of all organisms. The conformational preferences of AdoMet and two other biologically important sulfonium ions, S-methylmethionine and dimethylsulfonioproprionic acid, have been investigated by NMR...... and computational studies. Molecular mechanics parameters for the sulfonium center have been developed for the AMBER force field to permit analysis of NMR results and to enable comparison of the relative energies of the different conformations of AdoMet that have been found in crystal structures of complexes...... with proteins. S-Methylmethionine and S-dimethylsulfonioproprionate adopt a variety of conformations in aqueous solution; a conformation with an electrostatic interaction between the sulfonium sulfur and the carboxylate group is not noticeably favored, in contrast to the preferred conformation found by in vacuo...

  5. Conformal Killing vectors in Robertson-Walker spacetimes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maartens, R.; Maharaj, S.d.

    1986-01-01

    It is well known that Robertson-Walker spacetimes admit a conformal Killingl vector normal to the spacelike homogeneous hypersurfaces. Because these spacetimes are conformally flat, there are a further eight conformal Killing vectors, which are neither normal nor tangent to the homogeneous hypersurfaces. The authors find these further conformal Killing vectors and the Lie algebra of the full G 15 of conformal motions. Conditions on the metric scale factor are determined which reduce some of the conformal Killing vectors to homothetic Killing vectors or Killing vectors, allowing one to regain in a unified way the known special geometries. The non-normal conformal Killing vectors provide a counter-example to show that conformal motions do not, in general, map a fluid flow conformally. These non-normal vectors are also used to find the general solution of the null geodesic equation and photon Liouville equation. (author)

  6. Conformal transformations in superspace

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dao Vong Duc

    1977-01-01

    The spinor extension of the conformal algebra is investigated. The transformation law of superfields under the conformal coordinate inversion R defined in the superspace is derived. Using R-technique, the superconformally covariant two-point and three-point correlation functions are found

  7. Towards conformal loop quantum gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Charles H-T

    2006-01-01

    A discussion is given of recent developments in canonical gravity that assimilates the conformal analysis of gravitational degrees of freedom. The work is motivated by the problem of time in quantum gravity and is carried out at the metric and the triad levels. At the metric level, it is shown that by extending the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) phase space of general relativity (GR), a conformal form of geometrodynamics can be constructed. In addition to the Hamiltonian and Diffeomorphism constraints, an extra first class constraint is introduced to generate conformal transformations. This phase space consists of York's mean extrinsic curvature time, conformal three-metric and their momenta. At the triad level, the phase space of GR is further enlarged by incorporating spin-gauge as well as conformal symmetries. This leads to a canonical formulation of GR using a new set of real spin connection variables. The resulting gravitational constraints are first class, consisting of the Hamiltonian constraint and the canonical generators for spin-gauge and conformorphism transformations. The formulation has a remarkable feature of being parameter-free. Indeed, it is shown that a conformal parameter of the Barbero-Immirzi type can be absorbed by the conformal symmetry of the extended phase space. This gives rise to an alternative approach to loop quantum gravity that addresses both the conceptual problem of time and the technical problem of functional calculus in quantum gravity

  8. Tratamento do câncer de esôfago: ensaio clinico controlado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Pedro Mirra

    Full Text Available Realização de ensaio clínico controlado em câncer de esôfago, com uma casuística de 65 casos, no Hospital A.C. Camargo, no período de 1986 a 1990. O ensaio clínico controlado estudou três grupos terapêuticos: grupo I - cirurgia exclusiva (20 casos; grupo 2 - cirurgia + radioterapia pós-operatória (27 casos; grupo 3 - quimioterapia pré-operatória + cirurgia + radioterapia e quimioterapia pós-operatória (18 casos. O tempo cirúrgico foi único, com ressecção ampla do esôfago, utilizando-se como vias de acesso, preferentemente, a transpleural para os tumores localizados no terço médio do esôfago e a transmediastinal para o terço inferior e segmento abdominal. A retirada dos gânglios linfáticos regionais fez parte deste tempo cirúrgico, bem como a técnica de plastia padronizada com o estômago, com anastomose extratorácica cervical e posição do estômago no mediastino posterior. A radioterapia foi aplicada no leito esofágico, com dose total de 4.500 a 5.000 cGY em cinco sessões semanais. Foram utilizadas as drogas cisplatina (80 mg/m², vincristina (1,5 mg/m² e bleomicina (10mg/m² na quimioterapia pré e pós-operatórias. A sobrevida de cinco anos, segundo os grupos terapêuticos, foi de: grupo I - 61,9% , grupo 2 - 52,6 % e grupo 3 - 68,7%. Esta sobrevida, segundo o estadiamento clínico, foi de: EC I+II A - 52,0% e EC II B + III- 45,5%. Esses resultados estatisticamente não foram significativos. Os índices de sobrevida de cinco anos para os grupos terapêuticos 1 e 2 variaram de 40,4 a 60,6% quando os EC foram I + II A; para os demais EC não houve sobrevida de cinco anos. Para uma melhor avaliação, a inclusão de maior número de casos em pesquisas desse tipo poderia ser obtida pela participação de vários centros de tratamento do câncer de esôfago.

  9. Sistema computacional para dosimetria de nêutrons e fótons baseado em métodos estocásticos aplicado a radioterapia e radiologia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Machado Trindade

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este artigo mostra um procedimento de conversão de imagens de tomografia computadorizada ou de ressonância magnética em modelo de voxels tridimensional para fim de dosimetria. Este modelo é uma representação personalizada do paciente que pode ser usado na simulação, via código MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle, de transporte de partículas nucleares, reproduzindo o processo estocástico de interação de partículas nucleares com os tecidos humanos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O sistema computacional desenvolvido, denominado SISCODES, é uma ferramenta para planejamento computacional tridimensional de tratamentos radioterápicos ou procedimentos radiológicos. Partindo de imagens tomográficas do paciente, o plano de tratamento é modelado e simulado. São então mostradas as doses absorvidas, por meio de curvas de isodoses superpostas ao modelo. O SISCODES acopla o modelo tridimensional ao código MCNP5, que simula o protocolo de exposição à radiação ionizante. RESULTADOS: O SISCODES vem sendo utilizado no grupo de pesquisa NRI/CNPq na criação de modelos de voxels antropomórficos e antropométricos que são acoplados ao código MCNP para modelar braquiterapias e teleterapias aplicadas a tumores em pulmões, pelve, coluna, cabeça, pescoço, e outros. Os módulos atualmente desenvolvidos no SISCODES são apresentados junto com casos exemplos de planejamento radioterápico. CONCLUSÃO: O SISCODES provê de maneira rápida a criação de modelos de voxels personalizados de qualquer paciente que podem ser usados em simulações por códigos estocásticos tipo MCNP. A combinação da simulação via MCNP com um modelo personalizado do paciente traz grandes melhorias na dosimetria de tratamentos radioterápicos.

  10. Mass generation within conformal invariant theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Flato, M.; Guenin, M.

    1981-01-01

    The massless Yang-Mills theory is strongly conformally invariant and renormalizable; however, when masses are introduced the theory becomes nonrenormalizable and weakly conformally invariant. Conditions which recover strong conformal invariance are discussed in the letter. (author)

  11. Conformal group actions and Segal's cosmology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Werth, J.-E.

    1984-01-01

    A mathematical description of Segal's cosmological model in the framework of conformal group actions is presented. The relation between conformal and causal group actions on time-orientable Lorentzian manifolds is analysed and several examples are discussed. A criterion for the conformality of a map between Lorentzian manifolds is given. The results are applied to Segal's 'conformal compactification' of Minkowski space. Furthermore, the 'unitary formulation' of Segal's cosmology is regarded. (Author) [pt

  12. Conformal field theories and critical phenomena

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, Bowei

    1993-01-01

    In this article we present a brief review of the conformal symmetry and the two dimensional conformal quantum field theories. As concrete applications of the conformal theories to the critical phenomena in statistical systems, we calculate the value of central charge and the anomalous scale dimensions of the Z 2 symmetric quantum chain with boundary condition. The results are compatible with the prediction of the conformal field theories

  13. New conformations of linear polyubiquitin chains from crystallographic and solution-scattering studies expand the conformational space of polyubiquitin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thach, Trung Thanh; Shin, Donghyuk; Han, Seungsu; Lee, Sangho

    2016-04-01

    The conformational flexibility of linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains enables ubiquitylated proteins and their receptors to be involved in a variety of cellular processes. Linear or Met1-linked polyubiquitin chains, associated with nondegradational cellular signalling pathways, have been known to adopt multiple conformations from compact to extended conformations. However, the extent of such conformational flexibility remains open. Here, the crystal structure of linear Ub2 was determined in a more compact conformation than that of the previously known structure (PDB entry 3axc). The two structures differ significantly from each other, as shown by an r.m.s.d. between C(α) atoms of 3.1 Å. The compactness of the linear Ub2 structure in comparison with PDB entry 3axc is supported by smaller values of the radius of gyration (Rg; 18 versus 18.9 Å) and the maximum interatomic distance (Dmax; 55.5 versus 57.8 Å). Extra intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed among polar residues between the distal and proximal ubiquitin moieties seem to contribute to stabilization of the compact conformation of linear Ub2. An ensemble of three semi-extended and extended conformations of linear Ub2 was also observed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis in solution. In addition, the conformational heterogeneity in linear polyubiquitin chains is clearly manifested by SAXS analyses of linear Ub3 and Ub4: at least three distinct solution conformations are observed in each chain, with the linear Ub3 conformations being compact. The results expand the extent of conformational space of linear polyubiquitin chains and suggest that changes in the conformational ensemble may be pivotal in mediating multiple signalling pathways.

  14. Severidade do míldio da cebola em diferentes sistemas de produção

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Luiz Marcuzzo

    Full Text Available RESUMO O míldio, causado por Peronospora destructor, é a doença mais importante da cebola quando predominam temperaturas amenas e alta umidade. No sistema convencional é recorrente o uso excessivo de fungicidas curativos, e a avaliação de sistemas de produção diferenciados é condizente para indicação de melhor método visando à sustentabilidade da cultura. Mediante esse aspecto, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os sistemas de produções convencional, racionais e orgânicos na redução da severidade do míldio da cebola. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Epagri, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga, em 2013 e 2014. A cultivar utilizada foi a Empasc 352 Bola Precoce, disposta em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco sistemas de produção, denominados de convencional, racional I [(adubação oficial recomendada (CQFS-RS/SC], redução do número de aplicações e toxicidade de produtos fitossanitários, racional II (aumento de N e seu parcelamento, P e K conforme CQFS-RS/SC e redução do número de ap licações e toxicidade de produtos fitossanitários, orgânico I (adubação conforme a CQFS-RS/SC e cinco aplicações de fungicida de baixa toxicidade, com produtos permitidos para sistemas orgânicos e orgânico II (aumento de N e seu parcelamento, P conforme CQFS-RS/SC e mesmo tratamento fitossanitário de orgânico I. Semanalmente, após o transplantio, foi avaliada a severidade do míldio, em cinco plantas aleatórias em cada repetição através da porcentagem de área foliar afetada pela doença em cada folha exposta. Os dados de severidade foram calculados e integralizados pela área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD. As médias obtidas da AACPD, severidade final e da produtividade total comercial (Kg.ha-1 foram submetidos à análise de variância, pelo teste de F e se significativos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey 5%. Em 2013 a AACPD não foi significativa

  15. Ward identities for conformal models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lazzarini, S.; Stora, R.

    1988-01-01

    Ward identities which express the symmetry of conformal models are treated. Diffeomorphism invariance or locally holomorphic coordinate transformations are used. Diffeomorphism invariance is then understood in terms of Riemannian geometry. Two different sets of Ward identities expressing diffeomorphism invariance in a conformally invariant way are found for the free bosonic string. Using a geometrical argument, the correct invariance for a large class of conformal models is given

  16. Conformity and statistical tolerancing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leblond, Laurent; Pillet, Maurice

    2018-02-01

    Statistical tolerancing was first proposed by Shewhart (Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, (1931) reprinted 1980 by ASQC), in spite of this long history, its use remains moderate. One of the probable reasons for this low utilization is undoubtedly the difficulty for designers to anticipate the risks of this approach. The arithmetic tolerance (worst case) allows a simple interpretation: conformity is defined by the presence of the characteristic in an interval. Statistical tolerancing is more complex in its definition. An interval is not sufficient to define the conformance. To justify the statistical tolerancing formula used by designers, a tolerance interval should be interpreted as the interval where most of the parts produced should probably be located. This tolerance is justified by considering a conformity criterion of the parts guaranteeing low offsets on the latter characteristics. Unlike traditional arithmetic tolerancing, statistical tolerancing requires a sustained exchange of information between design and manufacture to be used safely. This paper proposes a formal definition of the conformity, which we apply successively to the quadratic and arithmetic tolerancing. We introduce a concept of concavity, which helps us to demonstrate the link between tolerancing approach and conformity. We use this concept to demonstrate the various acceptable propositions of statistical tolerancing (in the space decentring, dispersion).

  17. Dissecting the large-scale galactic conformity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seo, Seongu

    2018-01-01

    Galactic conformity is an observed phenomenon that galaxies located in the same region have similar properties such as star formation rate, color, gas fraction, and so on. The conformity was first observed among galaxies within in the same halos (“one-halo conformity”). The one-halo conformity can be readily explained by mutual interactions among galaxies within a halo. Recent observations however further witnessed a puzzling connection among galaxies with no direct interaction. In particular, galaxies located within a sphere of ~5 Mpc radius tend to show similarities, even though the galaxies do not share common halos with each other ("two-halo conformity" or “large-scale conformity”). Using a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, Illustris, we investigate the physical origin of the two-halo conformity and put forward two scenarios. First, back-splash galaxies are likely responsible for the large-scale conformity. They have evolved into red galaxies due to ram-pressure stripping in a given galaxy cluster and happen to reside now within a ~5 Mpc sphere. Second, galaxies in strong tidal field induced by large-scale structure also seem to give rise to the large-scale conformity. The strong tides suppress star formation in the galaxies. We discuss the importance of the large-scale conformity in the context of galaxy evolution.

  18. Entanglement evolution across a conformal interface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wen, Xueda; Wang, Yuxuan; Ryu, Shinsei

    2018-05-01

    For two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) in the ground state, it is known that a conformal interface along the entanglement cut can suppress the entanglement entropy from to , where L is the length of the subsystem A, and is the effective central charge which depends on the transmission property of the conformal interface. In this work, by making use of conformal mappings, we show that a conformal interface has the same effect on entanglement evolution in non-equilibrium cases, including global, local and certain inhomogeneous quantum quenches. I.e. a conformal interface suppresses the time evolution of entanglement entropy by effectively replacing the central charge c with , where is exactly the same as that in the ground state case. We confirm this conclusion by a numerical study on a critical fermion chain. Furthermore, based on the quasi-particle picture, we conjecture that this conclusion holds for an arbitrary quantum quench in CFTs, as long as the initial state can be described by a regularized conformal boundary state.

  19. Carcinoma do pulmão de pequenas células: Estado da arte e perspectivas futuras Small cell lung cancer: State of the art and future perspectives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando J Barata

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Em Portugal, o cancro do pulmão é a principal causa de morte entre as neoplasias. Em 2006 são previstos mais de 3500 novos casos, dos quais 20% serão diagnosticados como carcinoma do pulmão de pequenas células (CPPC. Destes, 25% a 30% dos doentes serão estadiados como doença localizada ou regional. Para estes, a opção terapêutica passa pela combinação da radioterapia (50 Gy ou 60 Gy diária e quimioterapia. A radioterapia hiperfraccionada, em consequência da sua toxicidade, está limitada a doentes seleccionados. A combinação etopósido e cisplatina é sinérgica, bem tolerada. É o regimen standard quer na opção concomitante com a radioterapia, quer isoladamente na doença disseminada. Apesar da quimiossensibilidade e radiosensibilidade, o prognóstico global do CPPC é pobre. Há um desenvolvimento precoce de resistência associado a uma elevada predisposição para a recidiva. A terapêutica de segunda linha para o CPPC é um problema real e actual. Topotecano é hoje uma opção efectiva e bem tolerada no tratamento em segunda linha do CPPC. Há um aumento significativo da sobrevivência mediana versus a terapêutica sintomática. A sua eficácia é comparável ao clássico regimen CAV. Mostra boa tolerabilidade mesmo quando administrado em doentes idosos, com PS=2. Continua a ser bem tolerado e eficaz quando combinado com a radioterapia holocraniana cerebral ou quando administrado num esquema semanal. Com novas classes de fármacos, como agentes antiangiogénicos como o bevacizumab, inibidores da tirosina quinase e talidomida, decorrem ensaios avaliando a sua associação com a clássica quimioterapia em doentes com CPPC disseminada.Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in Portugal. Almost 3500 Portuguese are expected to be diagnosed with lung cancer in 2006; approximately 20% will have small cell lung cancer (SCLC. At presentation, 25% to 30% of patients will have local or regional disease, classified

  20. Long, partial-short, and special conformal fields

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Metsaev, R.R. [Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Leninsky prospect 53, Moscow 119991 (Russian Federation)

    2016-05-17

    In the framework of metric-like approach, totally symmetric arbitrary spin bosonic conformal fields propagating in flat space-time are studied. Depending on the values of conformal dimension, spin, and dimension of space-time, we classify all conformal field as long, partial-short, short, and special conformal fields. An ordinary-derivative (second-derivative) Lagrangian formulation for such conformal fields is obtained. The ordinary-derivative Lagrangian formulation is realized by using double-traceless gauge fields, Stueckelberg fields, and auxiliary fields. Gauge-fixed Lagrangian invariant under global BRST transformations is obtained. The gauge-fixed BRST Lagrangian is used for the computation of partition functions for all conformal fields. Using the result for the partition functions, numbers of propagating D.o.F for the conformal fields are also found.

  1. A vivência do cuidado familiar em casas transitórias de apoio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaqueline Dias do Nascimento

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar modelo teórico representativo da vivência do cuidado em casas transitórias de apoio a familiares de crianças em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Método: Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, realizada com 18 participantes de três grupos amostrais. Para análise, utilizou-se o software QSR Nvivo10. Resultados: elaboraram-se quatro categorias: residindo em casa transitória de apoio; vivenciando o cuidado à criança em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas; cuidando do cuidador familiar; e retornando a uma nova vida no lar, as quais se inter-relacionam conforme o código teórico da família interativa. Conclusão: esta pesquisa contribui para compreensão da vivência do cuidado em casas transitórias de apoio a familiares de crianças em pós-transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas e subsidia as ações de enfermagem e saúde prestadas a esta população; contribui ainda para a elaboração de orientação de alta hospitalar e cuidado direcionado a essa clientela.

  2. A specimen of <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> in Barn Owl's pellets from Murge plateau (Apulia, Italy / Su di un <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> (Insectivora, Soricidae rinvenuto in borre di <em>Tyto albaem> delle Murge (Puglia, Italia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Ferrara

    1992-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In a lot of Barn Owl's pellets from the Murge plateau a specimen of <em>Sorex> sp. was detected. Thank to some morphological and morphometrical features, the cranial bones can be tentatively attributed to <em>Sorex samniticusem> Altobello, 1926. The genus <em>Sorex> was not yet included in the Apulia's fauna southwards of the Gargano district; the origin and significance of the above record is briefly discussed, the actual presence of a natural population of <em>Sorex> in the Murge being not yet proved. Riassunto Viene segnalato il rinvenimento di un esemplare di <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> da borre di <em>Tyto albaem> delle Murge. Poiché il genere non era stato ancora segnalato nella Puglia a sud del Gargano, viene discusso il significato faunistico del reperto.

  3. Efecto de extractos vegetales de <em>Polygonum hydropiperoidesem>, <em>Solanum nigrumem> y <em>Calliandra pittieriem> sobre el gusano cogollero (<em>Spodoptera frugiperdaem>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizarazo H. Karol

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available

    El gusano cogollero <em>Spodoptera frugiperdaem> es una de las plagas que más afectan los cultivos en la región de Sumapaz (Cundinamarca, Colombia. En la actualidad se controla principalmente aplicando productos de síntesis química, sin embargo la aplicación de extractos vegetales surge como una alternativa de menor impacto sobre el ambiente. Este control se emplea debido a que las plantas contienen metabolitos secundarios que pueden inhibir el desarrollo de los insectos. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación evaluó el efecto insecticida y antialimentario de extractos vegetales de barbasco <em>Polygonum hydropiperoidesem> (Polygonaceae, carbonero <em>Calliandra pittieriem> (Mimosaceae y hierba mora <em>Solanum nigrumem> (Solanaceae sobre larvas de <em>S. frugiperdaem> biotipo maíz. Se estableció una cría masiva del insecto en el laboratorio utilizando una dieta natural con hojas de maíz. Posteriormente se obtuvieron extractos vegetales utilizando solventes de alta polaridad (agua y etanol y media polaridad (diclorometano los cuales se aplicaron sobre las larvas de segundo instar. Los resultados más destacados se presentaron con extractos de <em>P. hydropiperoidesem>, obtenidos con diclorometano en sus diferentes dosis, con los cuales se alcanzó una mortalidad de 100% 12 días después de la aplicación y un efecto antialimentario representado por un consumo de follaje de maíz inferior al 4%, efectos similares a los del testigo comercial (Clorpiriphos.

  4. Sexual dysfunction in patients with advanced cervical cancer submitted to exclusive radiotherapy

    OpenAIRE

    Bernardo, Bebiana Calisto; Lorenzato, Felipe Rinald Barbosa; Figueiroa, José Natal; Kitoko, Pedro Makumbundu

    2007-01-01

    OBJETIVO: identificar disfunções sexuais em pacientes com câncer de colo uterino submetidas à radioterapia exclusiva pela técnica de braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo descritivo do tipo corte transversal no período de janeiro a junho de 2004. O estudo envolveu 71 pacientes selecionadas de acordo o perfil estabelecido e que vinham sendo seguidas no ambulatório de pélvis do Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário ...

  5. Maxwell equations in conformal invariant electrodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fradkin, E.S.; AN SSSR, Novosibirsk. Inst. Avtomatiki i Ehlektrometrii); Kozhevnikov, A.A.; Palchik, M.Ya.; Pomeransky, A.A.

    1983-01-01

    We consider a conformal invariant formulation of quantum electrodynamics. Conformal invariance is achieved with a specific mathematical construction based on the indecomposable representations of the conformal group associated with the electromagnetic potential and current. As a corolary of this construction modified expressions for the 3-point Green functions are obtained which both contain transverse parts. They make it possible to formulate a conformal invariant skeleton perturbation theory. It is also shown that the Euclidean Maxwell equations in conformal electrodynamics are manifestations of its kinematical structure: in the case of the 3-point Green functions these equations follow (up to constants) from the conformal invariance while in the case of higher Green functions they are equivalent to the equality of the kernels of the partial wave expansions. This is the manifestation of the mathematical fast of a (partial) equivalence of the representations associated with the potential, current and the field tensor. (orig.)

  6. Conformal symmetries of FRW accelerating cosmologies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kehagias, A.; Riotto, A.

    2014-01-01

    We show that any accelerating Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmology with equation of state w<−1/3 (and therefore not only a de Sitter stage with w=−1) exhibits three-dimensional conformal symmetry on future constant-time hypersurfaces if the bulk theory is invariant under bulk conformal Killing vectors. We also offer an alternative derivation of this result in terms of conformal Killing vectors and show that long wavelength comoving curvature perturbations of the perturbed FRW metric are just conformal Killing motions of the FRW background. We then extend the boundary conformal symmetry to the bulk for accelerating cosmologies. Our findings indicate that one can easily generate perturbations of scalar fields which are not only scale invariant, but also fully conformally invariant on super-Hubble scales. Measuring a scale-invariant power spectrum for the cosmological perturbation does not automatically imply that the universe went through a de Sitter stage

  7. Rapid Development of Microsatellite Markers with 454 Pyrosequencing in a Vulnerable Fish<em>,> the Mottled Skate<em>, Raja em>pulchra>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jung-Ha Kang

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The mottled skate, <em>Raja pulchraem>, is an economically valuable fish. However, due to a severe population decline, it is listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. To analyze its genetic structure and diversity, microsatellite markers were developed using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 17,033 reads containing dinucleotide microsatellite repeat units (mean, 487 base pairs were identified from 453,549 reads. Among 32 loci containing more than nine repeat units, 20 primer sets (62% produced strong PCR products, of which 14 were polymorphic. In an analysis of 60 individuals from two <em>R. pulchra em>populations, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1–10, and the mean allelic richness was 4.7. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any pair of loci, indicating that the markers were independent. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test showed significant deviation in two of the 28 single-loci after sequential Bonferroni’s correction. Using 11 primer sets, cross-species amplification was demonstrated in nine related species from four families within two classes. Among the 11 loci amplified from three other <em>Rajidae> family species; three loci were polymorphic. A monomorphic locus was amplified in all three <em>Rajidae> family species and the <em>Dasyatidae> family. Two <em>Rajidae> polymorphic loci amplified monomorphic target DNAs in four species belonging to the Carcharhiniformes class, and another was polymorphic in two Carcharhiniformes species.

  8. Conformers, infrared spectrum, UV-induced photochemistry, and near-IR-induced generation of two rare conformers of matrix-isolated phenylglycine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borba, Ana; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea; Fausto, Rui

    2014-10-01

    The conformational space of α-phenylglycine (PG) have been investigated theoretically at both the DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(d,p) levels of approximation. Seventeen different minima were found on the investigated potential energy surfaces, which are characterized by different dominant intramolecular interactions: type I conformers are stabilized by hydrogen bonds of the type N-H...O=C, type II by a strong O-H...N hydrogen bond, type III by weak N-H...O-H hydrogen bonds, and type IV by a C=O...H-C contact. The calculations indicate also that entropic effects are relevant in determining the equilibrium populations of the conformers of PG in the gas phase, in particular in the case of conformers of type II, where the strong intramolecular O-H...N hydrogen bond considerably diminishes entropy by reducing the conformational mobility of the molecule. In consonance with the relative energies of the conformers and barriers for conformational interconversion, only 3 conformers of PG were observed for the compound isolated in cryogenic Ar, Xe, and N2 matrices: the conformational ground state (ICa), and forms ICc and IITa. All other significantly populated conformers existing in the gas phase prior to deposition convert either to conformer ICa or to conformer ICc during matrix deposition. The experimental observation of ICc had never been achieved hitherto. Narrowband near-IR irradiation of the first overtone of νOH vibrational mode of ICa and ICc in nitrogen matrices (at 6910 and 6930 cm-1, respectively) led to selective generation of two additional conformers of high-energy, ITc and ITa, respectively, which were also observed experimentally for the first time. In addition, these experiments also provided the key information for the detailed vibrational characterization of the 3 conformers initially present in the matrices. On the other hand, UV irradiation (λ = 255 nm) of PG isolated in a xenon matrix revealed that PG undergoes facile photofragmentation

  9. Conformers, infrared spectrum, UV-induced photochemistry, and near-IR-induced generation of two rare conformers of matrix-isolated phenylglycine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borba, Ana; Fausto, Rui; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea

    2014-01-01

    The conformational space of α-phenylglycine (PG) have been investigated theoretically at both the DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(d,p) levels of approximation. Seventeen different minima were found on the investigated potential energy surfaces, which are characterized by different dominant intramolecular interactions: type I conformers are stabilized by hydrogen bonds of the type N–H···O=C, type II by a strong O–H···N hydrogen bond, type III by weak N–H···O–H hydrogen bonds, and type IV by a C=O···H–C contact. The calculations indicate also that entropic effects are relevant in determining the equilibrium populations of the conformers of PG in the gas phase, in particular in the case of conformers of type II, where the strong intramolecular O–H···N hydrogen bond considerably diminishes entropy by reducing the conformational mobility of the molecule. In consonance with the relative energies of the conformers and barriers for conformational interconversion, only 3 conformers of PG were observed for the compound isolated in cryogenic Ar, Xe, and N 2 matrices: the conformational ground state (ICa), and forms ICc and IITa. All other significantly populated conformers existing in the gas phase prior to deposition convert either to conformer ICa or to conformer ICc during matrix deposition. The experimental observation of ICc had never been achieved hitherto. Narrowband near-IR irradiation of the first overtone of νOH vibrational mode of ICa and ICc in nitrogen matrices (at 6910 and 6930 cm −1 , respectively) led to selective generation of two additional conformers of high-energy, ITc and ITa, respectively, which were also observed experimentally for the first time. In addition, these experiments also provided the key information for the detailed vibrational characterization of the 3 conformers initially present in the matrices. On the other hand, UV irradiation (λ = 255 nm) of PG isolated in a xenon matrix revealed that PG

  10. 40 CFR 52.2133 - General conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General conformity. 52.2133 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) South Carolina § 52.2133 General conformity. The General Conformity regulations adopted into the South Carolina State Implementation Plan which...

  11. 40 CFR 91.106 - Certificate of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Certificate of conformity. 91.106... Provisions § 91.106 Certificate of conformity. (a) Every manufacturer of a new marine SI engine produced... obtain a certificate of conformity covering each engine family. The certificate of conformity must be...

  12. A profissão de advogado conforme apresentada em jornais paraibanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Souza da Silva

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available A pesquisa teve o objetivo de identificar a imagem da profissão de advogado disseminada por um jornal da Paraíba. Seus fundamentos focalizam os conceitos de grupo funcional e identidade coletiva. Desenvolvemos pesquisa documental com análise de conteúdo categórica para tratar o material selecionado: 382 reportagens dos anos de 2001 e 2003. Identificamos duas amplas categorias: (a ações político-associativas e (b exercício profissional. Os resultados empíricos nos permitiram identificar aspectos centrais na construção da identidade profissional, como: a influência do exercício profissional e do órgão de representação na sociedade; a atribuição de importância ao poder; e a capacitação entre as preocupações dos profissionais. Em síntese, encontramos uma identidade coletiva refletindo as tradições históricas no país.

  13. 40 CFR 52.938 - General conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General conformity. 52.938 Section 52...) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Kentucky § 52.938 General conformity. The General Conformity regulations were submitted on November 10, 1995, and adopted into the Kentucky State...

  14. 40 CFR 51.854 - Conformity analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conformity analysis. 51.854 Section 51... FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Determining Conformity of General Federal Actions to State or Federal Implementation Plans § 51.854 Conformity analysis. Link to an...

  15. Lie algebra of conformal Killing–Yano forms

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ertem, Ümit

    2016-01-01

    We provide a generalization of the Lie algebra of conformal Killing vector fields to conformal Killing–Yano forms. A new Lie bracket for conformal Killing–Yano forms that corresponds to slightly modified Schouten–Nijenhuis bracket of differential forms is proposed. We show that conformal Killing–Yano forms satisfy a graded Lie algebra in constant curvature manifolds. It is also proven that normal conformal Killing–Yano forms in Einstein manifolds also satisfy a graded Lie algebra. The constructed graded Lie algebras reduce to the graded Lie algebra of Killing–Yano forms and the Lie algebras of conformal Killing and Killing vector fields in special cases. (paper)

  16. Universal hydrodynamics of non-conformal branes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kanitscheider, Ingmar; Skenderis, Kostas

    2009-01-01

    We examine the hydrodynamic limit of non-conformal branes using the recently developed precise holographic dictionary. We first streamline the discussion of holography for backgrounds that asymptote locally to non-conformal brane solutions by showing that all such solutions can be obtained from higher dimensional asymptotically locally AdS solutions by suitable dimensional reduction and continuation in the dimension. As a consequence, many holographic results for such backgrounds follow from the corresponding results of the Asymptotically AdS case. In particular, the hydrodynamics of non-conformal branes is fully determined in terms of conformal hydrodynamics. Using previous results on the latter we predict the form of the non-conformal hydrodynamic stress tensor to second order in derivatives. Furthermore we show that the ratio between bulk and shear viscosity is fixed by the generalized conformal structure to be ζ/η = 2(1/(d-1)-c s 2 ), where c s is the speed of sound in the fluid.

  17. Operator algebras and conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gabbiani, F.; Froehlich, J.

    1993-01-01

    We define and study two-dimensional, chiral conformal field theory by the methods of algebraic field theory. We start by characterizing the vacuum sectors of such theories and show that, under very general hypotheses, their algebras of local observables are isomorphic to the unique hyperfinite type III 1 factor. The conformal net determined by the algebras of local observables is proven to satisfy Haag duality. The representation of the Moebius group (and presumably of the entire Virasoro algebra) on the vacuum sector of a conformal field theory is uniquely determined by the Tomita-Takesaki modular operators associated with its vacuum state and its conformal net. We then develop the theory of Mebius covariant representations of a conformal net, using methods of Doplicher, Haag and Roberts. We apply our results to the representation theory of loop groups. Our analysis is motivated by the desire to find a 'background-independent' formulation of conformal field theories. (orig.)

  18. 47 CFR 2.906 - Declaration of Conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Declaration of Conformity. 2.906 Section 2.906... Conformity. (a) A Declaration of Conformity is a procedure where the responsible party, as defined in § 2.909... of Conformity attaches to all items subsequently marketed by the responsible party which are...

  19. A New Natural Lactone from <em>Dimocarpus> <em>longan> Lour. Seeds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhongjun Li

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available A new natural product named longanlactone was isolated from <em>Dimocarpus> <em>longan> Lour. seeds. Its structure was determined as 3-(2-acetyl-1<em>H>-pyrrol-1-yl-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yldihydrofuran-2(3H-one by spectroscopic methods and HRESIMS.

  20. Purification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities <em>in Vitroem>> em>and <em>in Vivoem> of the Polysaccharides from <em>Boletus edulisem> Bull

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yijun Fan

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available A water-soluble polysaccharide (BEBP was extracted from <em>Boletus edulis em>Bull using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide BEBP was further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed BEBP-1, BEBP-2 and BEBP-3. In the next experiment, the average molecular weight (Mw, IR and monosaccharide compositional analysis of the three polysaccharide fractions were determined. The evaluation of antioxidant activities both <em>in vitroem> and <em>in vivo em>suggested that BEBP-3 had good potential antioxidant activity, and should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.

  1. Naturality in conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moore, G.; Seiberg, N.

    1989-01-01

    We discuss constraints on the operator product coefficients in diagonal and nondiagonal rational conformal field theories. Nondiagonal modular invariants always arise from automorphisms of the fusion rule algebra or from extensions of the chiral algebra. Moreover, when the chiral algebra has been maximally extended a strong form of the naturality principle of field theory can be proven for rational conformal field theory: operator product coefficients vanish if and only if the corresponding fusion rules vanish; that is, if and only if the vanishing can be understood in terms of a symmetry. We illustrate these ideas with several examples. We also generalize our ideas about rational conformal field theories to a larger class of theories: 'quasi-rational conformal field theories' and we explore some of their properties. (orig.)

  2. 21 CFR 26.70 - Conformity assessment bodies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conformity assessment bodies. 26.70 Section 26.70...Frameworkâ Provisions § 26.70 Conformity assessment bodies. Each party recognizes that the conformity... conformity in relation to its requirements as specified in subpart B of this part. The parties shall specify...

  3. Conformational analysis of lignin models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, Helio F. dos

    2001-01-01

    The conformational equilibrium for two 5,5' biphenyl lignin models have been analyzed using a quantum mechanical semiempirical method. The gas phase and solution structures are discussed based on the NMR and X-ray experimental data. The results obtained showed that the observed conformations are solvent-dependent, being the geometries and the thermodynamic properties correlated with the experimental information. This study shows how a systematic theoretical conformational analysis can help to understand chemical processes at a molecular level. (author)

  4. On the linear conformal gravitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pal'chik, M.Ya.; Fradkin, E.S.

    1984-01-01

    Conformal gravitation is analyzed under the assumption that its solution possesses the property of conformal symmetry. This assumption has sense in the case of small distances and only for definite types of matter fields, namely: at special choice of matter fields and their interactions, providing a lack of conformal anomalies; or at definite magnitudes of binding constants, coinciding with the zeroes of the Gell-Mann-Low function. The field equations, of the group-theoretical natura are obtained

  5. Conformal Symmetry Patterns in Baryon Spectra

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kirchbach, Mariana; Compean, Cliffor B

    2011-01-01

    Attention is drawn to the fact that the spectra of the baryons of the lightest flavors, the nucleon and the Δ, carry quantum numbers characteristic for an unitary representation of the conformal group. We show that the above phenomenon is well explained for baryons whose internal structure is dominated by a quark-diquark configuration that resides in a conformally compactified Minkowski space time, R 1 x S 3 , and is described by means of the conformal scale equation there. The R 1 x S 3 space-time represents the boundary of the conformally compactified AdS 5 , on which one expects to encounter a conformal theory in accord with the gauge-gravity duality. Within this context, our model is congruent with AdS 5 /CFT 4 .

  6. Conformational cooling and conformation selective aggregation in dimethyl sulfite isolated in solid rare gases

    OpenAIRE

    Borba, Ana; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea; Fausto, Rui

    2006-01-01

    Dimethyl sulfite has three conformers of low energy, GG, GT and GG0, which have significant populations in the gas phase at room temperature. According to theoretical predictions, the GT and GG0 conformers are higher in energy than the GG conformer by 0.83 and 1.18 kJ molK1, respectively, while the barriers associated with the GG0/GT and GT/GG isomerizations are 1.90 and 9.64 kJ molK1, respectively. Experimental data obtained for the compound isolated in solid argon, krypton and xenon demonst...

  7. Conformational Clusters of Phosphorylated Tyrosine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdelrasoul, Maha; Ponniah, Komala; Mao, Alice; Warden, Meghan S; Elhefnawy, Wessam; Li, Yaohang; Pascal, Steven M

    2017-12-06

    Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in many cellular and intercellular processes including signal transduction, subcellular localization, and regulation of enzymatic activity. In 1999, Blom et al., using the limited number of protein data bank (PDB) structures available at that time, reported that the side chain structures of phosphorylated tyrosine (pY) are partitioned into two conserved conformational clusters ( Blom, N.; Gammeltoft, S.; Brunak, S. J. Mol. Biol. 1999 , 294 , 1351 - 1362 ). We have used the spectral clustering algorithm to cluster the increasingly growing number of protein structures with pY sites, and have found that the pY residues cluster into three distinct side chain conformations. Two of these pY conformational clusters associate strongly with a narrow range of tyrosine backbone conformation. The novel cluster also highly correlates with the identity of the n + 1 residue, and is strongly associated with a sequential pYpY conformation which places two adjacent pY side chains in a specific relative orientation. Further analysis shows that the three pY clusters are associated with distinct distributions of cognate protein kinases.

  8. <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem> in red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> and badgers (<em>Meles melesem> from Central and Northern Italy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Magi

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract During 2004-2005 and 2007-2008, 189 foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> and 6 badgers (<em>Meles melesem> were collected in different areas of Central Northern Italy (Piedmont, Liguria and Tuscany and examined for <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem> infection. The prevalence of the infection was significantly different in the areas considered, with the highest values in the district of Imperia (80%, Liguria and in Montezemolo (70%, southern Piedmont; the prevalence in Tuscany was 7%. One badger collected in the area of Imperia turned out to be infected, representing the first report of the parasite in this species in Italy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role played by fox populations as reservoirs of infection and the probability of its spreading to domestic dogs.
    Riassunto <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem> nella volpe (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> e nel tasso (<em>Meles melesem> in Italia centro-settentrionale. Nel 2004-2005 e 2007-2008, 189 volpi (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> e 6 tassi (<em>Meles melesem> provenienti da differenti aree dell'Italia settentrionale e centrale (Piemonte, Liguria Toscana, sono stati esaminati per la ricerca di <em>Angiostrongylus vasorumem>. La prevalenza del nematode è risultata significativamente diversa nelle varie zone, con valori elevati nelle zone di Imperia (80% e di Montezemolo (70%, provincia di Cuneo; la prevalenza in Toscana è risultata del 7%. Un tasso proveniente dall'area di Imperia è risultato positivo per A. vasorum; questa è la prima segnalazione del parassita in tale specie in Italia. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per valutare il potenziale della volpe come serbatoio e la possibilità di diffusione della parassitosi ai cani domestici.

    doi:10.4404/hystrix-20.2-4442

  9. Mulheres em cooperativas rurais virtuais: reflexões sobre gênero e subjetividade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovana Ilka Jacinto Salvaro

    Full Text Available Este artigo busca apresentar uma reflexão sobre gênero e subjetividade, a partir da participação de mulheres em cooperativas rurais virtuais localizadas em municípios da região sul de Santa Catarina. Conforme define a literatura estudada, tal modelo de cooperativa se diferencia do modelo tradicional, pois, entre outros aspectos, não possui sede fixa, reúne um grupo de 20 a 30 agricultores e movimenta uma grande variedade de produtos em pequenas quantidades. Trata-se de uma análise ampliada com base em dados coletados em pesquisa desenvolvida no período de 2011-2012 (PIBIC-UNESC/CNPq. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e os dados foram obtidos por meio da entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistadas dez mulheres, com idades entre 36 e 54 anos, participantes de três cooperativas. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas de acordo com procedimentos da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados e discussão apresentam o processo de formação das cooperativas, a participação e os produtos comercializados pelas cooperadas; além de discorrer sobre a participação de mulheres em cooperativas rurais virtuais, a visibilidade social e o reconhecimento do trabalho feminino. Em grande medida, foi possível verificar que a participação de mulheres em cooperativas possibilitou benefícios não apenas financeiros, pela comercialização da produção, mas também reconhecimento social e subjetivo.

  10. Thickenings and conformal gravity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lebrun, Claude

    1991-07-01

    A twistor correspondence is given for complex conformal space-times with vanishing Bach and Eastwood-Dighton tensors; when the Weyl curvature is algebraically general, these equations are precisely the conformal version of Einstein's vacuum equations with cosmological constant. This gives a fully curved version of the linearized correspondence of Baston and Mason [B-M].

  11. Thickenings and conformal gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    LeBrun, C.

    1991-01-01

    A twistor correspondence is given for complex conformal space-times with vanishing Bach and Eastwood-Dighton tensors; when the Weyl curvature is algebraically general, these equations are precisely the conformal version of Einstein's vacuum equations with cosmological constant. This gives a fully curved version of the linearized correspondence of Baston and Mason [B-M]. (orig.)

  12. Conformal symmetry inheritance in null fluid spacetimes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tupper, B O J; Keane, A J; Hall, G S; Coley, A A; Carot, J

    2003-01-01

    We define inheriting conformal Killing vectors for null fluid spacetimes and find the maximum dimension of the associated inheriting Lie algebra. We show that for non-conformally flat null fluid spacetimes, the maximum dimension of the inheriting algebra is seven and for conformally flat null fluid spacetimes the maximum dimension is eight. In addition, it is shown that there are two distinct classes of non-conformally flat generalized plane wave spacetimes which possess the maximum dimension, and one class in the conformally flat case

  13. Assessment of Genetic Fidelity in <em>Rauvolfia em>s>erpentina em>Plantlets Grown from Synthetic (Encapsulated Seeds Following <em>in Vitroem> Storage at 4 °C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammad Anis

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available An efficient method was developed for plant regeneration and establishment from alginate encapsulated synthetic seeds of <em>Rauvolfia serpentinaem>. Synthetic seeds were produced using <em>in vitroem> proliferated microshoots upon complexation of 3% sodium alginate prepared in Llyod and McCown woody plant medium (WPM and 100 mM calcium chloride. Re-growth ability of encapsulated nodal segments was evaluated after storage at 4 °C for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and compared with non-encapsulated buds. Effects of different media <em>viz>; Murashige and Skoog medium; Lloyd and McCown woody Plant medium, Gamborg’s B5 medium and Schenk and Hildebrandt medium was also investigated for conversion into plantlets. The maximum frequency of conversion into plantlets from encapsulated nodal segments stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks was achieved on woody plant medium supplement with 5.0 μM BA and 1.0 μM NAA. Rooting in plantlets was achieved in half-strength Murashige and Skoog liquid medium containing 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA on filter paper bridges. Plantlets obtained from stored synseeds were hardened, established successfully <em>ex vitroem> and were morphologically similar to each other as well as their mother plant. The genetic fidelity of <em>Rauvolfia em>clones raised from synthetic seeds following four weeks of storage at 4 °C were assessed by using random amplified polymorphic<em> em>DNA (RAPD and inter-simple sequence repeat<em> em>(ISSR markers. All the RAPD and ISSR profiles from generated plantlets were monomorphic and comparable<em> em>to the mother plant, which confirms the genetic<em> em>stability among the clones. This synseed protocol could be useful for establishing a particular system for conservation, short-term storage and production of genetically identical and stable plants before it is released for commercial purposes.

  14. Conformal maps between pseudo-Finsler spaces

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voicu, Nicoleta

    The paper aims to initiate a systematic study of conformal mappings between Finsler spacetimes and, more generally, between pseudo-Finsler spaces. This is done by extending several results in pseudo-Riemannian geometry which are necessary for field-theoretical applications and by proposing a technique that reduces some problems involving pseudo-Finslerian conformal vector fields to their pseudo-Riemannian counterparts. Also, we point out, by constructing classes of examples, that conformal groups of flat (locally Minkowskian) pseudo-Finsler spaces can be much richer than both flat Finslerian and pseudo-Euclidean conformal groups.

  15. 3D conformal external beam radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma: an experiment of Instituto do Radium de Campinas with 285 patients; Radioterapia externa conformada 3D para o carcinoma de prostata: experiencia do Instituto do Radium de Campinas com 285 pacientes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nakamura, Ricardo Akiyoshi [Hospital de Caridade Dr. Astrogildo de Azevedo, Santa Maria, RS (Brazil); Monti, Carlos Roberto; Trevisan, Felipe Amstalden [Instituto do Radium de Campinas (IRC), Campinas, SP (Brazil); Jacinto, Alexandre Arthur [Fundacao Pio XII, Barretos, SP (Brazil). Hospital de Cancer de Barretos

    2009-03-15

    Objective: To report the outcomes of 3D conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer in a single institution. Materials and methods: From July 1997 to January 2002, 285 consecutive patients with prostate cancer were submitted to 3D conformal radiation therapy receiving a median dose of 7920 cGy to the prostate, and were retrospectively evaluated. The patients distribution according to the level of risk was the following: low risk - 95 (33.7%); intermediate risk - 66 (23.4%); high risk -121 (42.9%) patients. Results: Median follow-up of 53.6 months (3.6.95.3 months) demonstrated 85.1% actuarial five-year overall survival, 97.0% specific cause survival, 94.2% five-year distant metastasis-free survival, and 75.8% five-year biochemical recurrence-free survival. Rates of five-year actuarial survival free from late rectal and urinary toxicity were 96.4% and 91.1% respectively. Pre-3D conformal radiation therapy transurethral resection of the prostate and doses > 70 Gy in 30% of the bladder volume implied a higher grade 2-3 late urinary toxicity in five years (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0264, respectively). Conclusion: The first experiment with 3D conformal radiation therapy reported in Brazil allowed high radiation doses with acceptable levels of urinary and rectal toxicity. Pre-3D conformal radiation therapy transurethral resection of prostate may determine a higher risk for post-irradiation grade 2-3 late urinary toxicity. At the tomography planning, the reduction of the radiation dose to . 70 Gy in 30% of the bladder volume may reduce the risk for late urinary complications. (author)

  16. Sulla presenza di <em>Sorex antinoriiem>, <em>Neomys anomalusem> (Insectivora, Soricidae e <em>Talpa caecaem> (Insectivora, Talpidae in Umbria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.M. Paci

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Lo scopo del contributo è di fornire un aggiornamento sulla presenza del Toporagno del Vallese <em>Sorex antinoriiem>, del Toporagno acquatico di Miller <em>Neomys anomalusem> e della Talpa cieca <em>Talpa caecaem> in Umbria, dove le specie risultano accertate ormai da qualche anno. A tal fine sono stati rivisitati i reperti collezionati e la bibliografia conosciuta. Toporagno del Vallese: elevato di recente a livello di specie da Brünner et al. (2002, altrimenti considerato sottospecie del Toporagno comune (<em>S. araneus antinoriiem>. È conservato uno di tre crani incompleti (mancano mandibole ed incisivi superiori al momento prudenzialmente riferiti a <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>antinorii>, provenienti dall?Appennino umbro-marchigiano settentrionale (dintorni di Scalocchio - PG, 590 m. s.l.m. e determinati sulla base della pigmentazione rossa degli ipoconi del M1 e M2; Toporagno acquatico di Miller: tre crani (Breda in Paci e Romano op. cit. e un esemplare intero (Paci, ined. sono stati trovati a pochi chilometri di distanza gli uni dall?altro tra i comuni di Assisi e Valfabbrica, in ambienti mediocollinari limitrofi al Parco Regionale del M.te Subasio (Perugia. In provincia di Terni la specie viene segnalata da Isotti (op. cit. per i dintorni di Orvieto. Talpa cieca: sono noti una femmina e un maschio raccolti nel comune di Pietralunga (PG, rispettivamente in una conifereta a <em>Pinus nigraem> (m. 630 s.l.m. e nelle vicinanze di un bosco misto collinare a prevalenza di <em>Quercus cerrisem> (m. 640 s.l.m.. Recentemente un terzo individuo è stato rinvenuto nel comune di Sigillo (PG, all?interno del Parco Regionale di M.te Cucco, sul margine di una faggeta a 1100 m s.l.m. In entrambi i casi l?areale della specie è risultato parapatrico con quello di <em>Talpa europaeaem>.

  17. Transportation Conformity

    Science.gov (United States)

    This section provides information on: current laws, regulations and guidance, policy and technical guidance, project-level conformity, general information, contacts and training, adequacy review of SIP submissions

  18. Extended conformal algebras

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goddard, Peter

    1990-01-01

    The algebra of the group of conformal transformations in two dimensions consists of two commuting copies of the Virasoro algebra. In many mathematical and physical contexts, the representations of ν which are relevant satisfy two conditions: they are unitary and they have the ''positive energy'' property that L o is bounded below. In an irreducible unitary representation the central element c takes a fixed real value. In physical contexts, the value of c is a characteristic of a theory. If c < 1, it turns out that the conformal algebra is sufficient to ''solve'' the theory, in the sense of relating the calculation of the infinite set of physically interesting quantities to a finite subset which can be handled in principle. For c ≥ 1, this is no longer the case for the algebra alone and one needs some sort of extended conformal algebra, such as the superconformal algebra. It is these algebras that this paper aims at addressing. (author)

  19. Families and degenerations of conformal field theories

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roggenkamp, D.

    2004-09-01

    In this work, moduli spaces of conformal field theories are investigated. In the first part, moduli spaces corresponding to current-current deformation of conformal field theories are constructed explicitly. For WZW models, they are described in detail, and sigma model realizations of the deformed WZW models are presented. The second part is devoted to the study of boundaries of moduli spaces of conformal field theories. For this purpose a notion of convergence of families of conformal field theories is introduced, which admits certain degenerated conformal field theories to occur as limits. To such a degeneration of conformal field theories, a degeneration of metric spaces together with additional geometric structures can be associated, which give rise to a geometric interpretation. Boundaries of moduli spaces of toroidal conformal field theories, orbifolds thereof and WZW models are analyzed. Furthermore, also the limit of the discrete family of Virasoro minimal models is investigated. (orig.)

  20. Intoxicaçoes por inseticidas: microdissecção de nervos e histoquimica de musculos em 10 casos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lineu Cesar Werneck

    1979-03-01

    Full Text Available É relatado o estudo de nervo sural e músculos em 10 pacientes com intoxicações crônicas por inseticidas organoclorados e organofosforados, sendo utilizadas técnicas de microdissecção de nervos e histoquímica de músculos. Foram estudados os nervos surais de 9 pacientes por microdissecção, tendo sido encontrado anormalidades em todos, predominando a presença de fibras dos tipos C, D e grande quantidade de fibras G, conforme a classificação de Dyck; o nervo do décimo paciente apresentava-se totalmente desmielinizado. Em 8 casos foram estudados músculos com inclusão em parafina e por histoquímica, sendo encontrada denervação em seis; os restantes eram músculos normais. Os autores concluem que o processo atua predominantemente nos axônios, provocando degeneração axonal distal, com fenômeno de "dying back".

  1. Thickenings and conformal gravity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    LeBrun, C. (State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY (USA). Dept. of Mathematics)

    1991-07-01

    A twistor correspondence is given for complex conformal space-times with vanishing Bach and Eastwood-Dighton tensors; when the Weyl curvature is algebraically general, these equations are precisely the conformal version of Einstein's vacuum equations with cosmological constant. This gives a fully curved version of the linearized correspondence of Baston and Mason (B-M). (orig.).

  2. Conformational stability of calreticulin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jørgensen, C.S.; Trandum, C.; Larsen, N.

    2005-01-01

    The conformational stability of calreticulin was investigated. Apparent unfolding temperatures (T-m) increased from 31 degrees C at pH 5 to 51 degrees C at pH 9, but electrophoretic analysis revealed that calreticulin oligomerized instead of unfolding. Structural analyses showed that the single C......-terminal a-helix was of major importance to the conformational stability of calreticulin....

  3. Conformity in Christ | Waaijman | Acta Theologica

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This essay investigates the notion of conformity in Christ as it is part of a comprehensive, multilayered process of transformation. In the first part it focuses on the process of transformation in creation, re-creation, conformity, love and glory. In the second part it discusses transformation in Christ by looking at conformation and ...

  4. Four Novel Cellulose Synthase (CESA Genes from <em>Birch> (<em>Betula platyphylla em>Suk. Involved in Primary and Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuemei Liu

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Cellulose synthase (CESA, which is an essential catalyst for the generation of plant cell wall biomass, is mainly encoded by the <em>CesA> gene family that contains ten or more members. In this study; four full-length cDNAs encoding CESA were isolated from<em> Betula platyphyllaem> Suk., which is an important timber species, using RT-PCR combined with the RACE method and were named as <em>BplCesA3em>, <em>−4em>,> −7 em>and> −8em>. These deduced CESAs contained the same typical domains and regions as their <em>Arabidopsis> homologs. The cDNA lengths differed among these four genes, as did the locations of the various protein domains inferred from the deduced amino acid sequences, which shared amino acid sequence identities ranging from only 63.8% to 70.5%. Real-time RT-PCR showed that all four <em>BplCesAs> were expressed at different levels in diverse tissues. Results indicated that BplCESA8 might be involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and floral development. BplCESA3 appeared in a unique expression pattern and was possibly involved in primary cell wall biosynthesis and seed development; it might also be related to the homogalacturonan synthesis. BplCESA7 and BplCESA4 may be related to the formation of a cellulose synthase complex and participate mainly in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The extremely low expression abundance of the four BplCESAs in mature pollen suggested very little involvement of them in mature pollen formation in <em>Betula>. The distinct expression pattern of the four <em>BplCesAs> suggested they might participate in developments of various tissues and that they are possibly controlled by distinct mechanisms in <em>Betula.>

  5. Gauge fixing problem in the conformal QED

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ichinose, Shoichi

    1986-01-01

    The gauge fixing problem in the conformal (spinor and scalar) QED is examined. For the analysis, we generalize Dirac's manifestly conformal-covariant formalism. It is shown that the (vector and matter) fields must obey a certain mixed (conformal and gauge) type of transformation law in order to fix the local gauge symmetry preserving the conformal invariance in the Lagrangian. (orig.)

  6. Microsatellite Loci in the Gypsophyte <em>Lepidium subulatum em>(Brassicaceae, and Transferability to Other <em>Lepidieae>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Ibero-North African, strict gypsophyte <em>Lepidium subulatumem> to unravel the effects of habitat fragmentation in levels of genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow among its populations. Using 454 pyrosequencing 12 microsatellite loci including di- and tri-nucleotide repeats were characterized in <em>L. subulatumem>. They amplified a total of 80 alleles (2–12 alleles per locus in a sample of 35 individuals of <em>L. subulatumem>, showing relatively high levels of genetic diversity, <em>H>O = 0.645, <em>H>E = 0.627. Cross-species transferability of all 12 loci was successful for the Iberian endemics <em>Lepidium cardaminesem>, <em>Lepidium stylatumem>, and the widespread, <em>Lepidium graminifoliumem> and one species each of two related genera, <em>Cardaria drabaem> and <em>Coronopus didymusem>. These microsatellite primers will be useful to investigate genetic diversity, population structure and to address conservation genetics in species of <em>Lepidium>.

  7. AVALIAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO NORMAL EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Francisco Ribeiro

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo/Objetivos: Investigar a qualidade da assistência ao parto normal em uma maternidade pública, conforme as normas da Organização Mundial de Saúde no município de Teresina/Piaui. Métodos: Estudo transversal, conduzido mediante pesquisa em prontuário e entrevistas com 91 puérperas. Três categorias (A, B e C classificaram a assistência em existente, não existente, ou de existência intermediária. Resultados: A maioria das puérperas e recém – nascidos foram assistidas por (médicos e enfermeiros obstetras e neonatologia. No momento da admissão (39,6% tinham dilatação cervical de 4 a 6 cm acompanhado de parto com duração de 1 a 5 horas (44%, recém-nascido com apgar nos primeiros sete minutos (75,8%. Quanto à frequência das avaliações realizadas no trabalho de parto obteve: toque vaginal uma avaliação/hora (38,5%, ausculta dos batimentos cardiofetais uma avaliação/hora (35,2%, verificação da pressão arterial materna uma avaliação / horas (30,8% e dinâmica uterina (60,4% não verificada. Da frequência das práticas utilizadas na assistência ao parto normal, conforme protocolo para a assistência ao parto da Organização Mundial de Saúde as três categorias foram existentes Conclusão: o estudo mostra que a maternidade se encontra em uma situação privilegiada quanto as praticas que devem ser incentivadas. Descritores: Avaliação de serviços de saúde; Trabalho de parto; Parto normal; Atenção à saúde.

  8. Relação entre Otimismo e Autonomia Funcional em indivíduos com Esclerose Múltipla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luísa Pedro

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a relação existente entre autonomia funcional e otimismo. Método: Os participantes são 280 indivíduos portadores de esclerose múltipla (EM diagnosticada há mais de um ano em que a maioria são mulheres, com nível elevado de escolaridade, maioritariamente casados, e a trabalhar em regime de tempo integral. A funcionalidade foi avaliada com a Escala de Impacto de Participação e Autonomia – IPA, e o otimismo com o Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R. A recolha de dados realizou-se em unidades de saúde de Lisboa e cumpriu as regras conforme a Declaração de Helsínquia. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que existem valores de correlação estatisticamente significativos, mas moderados entre as dimensões da LOT-R e IPA, sugerindo que o otimismo é um fator importante para a autonomia funcional dos indivíduos portadores de EM.

  9. Transportation Conformity Training and Presentations

    Science.gov (United States)

    EPA's OTAQ has provided multiple conformity training sessions in the past to assist state and local governments in implementing conformity requirements. As training information is prepared for other venues, it will be posted on this page.

  10. Two dimensional infinite conformal symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohanta, N.N.; Tripathy, K.C.

    1993-01-01

    The invariant discontinuous (discrete) conformal transformation groups, namely the Kleinian and Fuchsian groups Gamma (with an arbitrary signature) of H (the Poincare upper half-plane l) and the unit disc Delta are explicitly constructed from the fundamental domain D. The Riemann surface with signatures of Gamma and conformally invariant automorphic forms (functions) with Peterson scalar product are discussed. The functor, where the category of complex Hilbert spaces spanned by the space of cusp forms constitutes the two dimensional conformal field theory. (Author) 7 refs

  11. Evolução temporal do tabagismo em estudantes de medicina, 1986, 1991, 1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Menezes

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência temporal do tabagismo em estudantes de medicina nos últimos dez anos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal com estudantes do primeiro ao quinto ano do curso de medicina, em 1996. A amostra foi de 449 alunos que responderam a questionário auto-aplicável. Fumante era aquele que fumava um ou mais cigarros por dia há pelo menos um mês; ex-fumantes foram aqueles que, no período da entrevista, não eram fumantes regulares, mas o haviam sido anteriormente. Pesquisa similar foi realizada em 1986 e 1991. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 11%, comparada com 14% em 1991 e 21% em 1986. Apesar da redução do tabagismo nas três séries estudadas, a queda percentual entre 1996 e 1991 foi menor do que aquela observada entre 1991 e 1986. Em 1996, a prevalência do vício de fumar aumentou conforme o ano cursado. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo. A maioria dos alunos mostrou-se favorável à proibição do fumo em locais de ensino e assistência e afirmaram que o tema era pouco valorizado no currículo da faculdade.

  12. Evolução temporal do tabagismo em estudantes de medicina, 1986, 1991, 1996

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Menezes Ana

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência temporal do tabagismo em estudantes de medicina nos últimos dez anos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal com estudantes do primeiro ao quinto ano do curso de medicina, em 1996. A amostra foi de 449 alunos que responderam a questionário auto-aplicável. Fumante era aquele que fumava um ou mais cigarros por dia há pelo menos um mês; ex-fumantes foram aqueles que, no período da entrevista, não eram fumantes regulares, mas o haviam sido anteriormente. Pesquisa similar foi realizada em 1986 e 1991. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 11%, comparada com 14% em 1991 e 21% em 1986. Apesar da redução do tabagismo nas três séries estudadas, a queda percentual entre 1996 e 1991 foi menor do que aquela observada entre 1991 e 1986. Em 1996, a prevalência do vício de fumar aumentou conforme o ano cursado. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo. A maioria dos alunos mostrou-se favorável à proibição do fumo em locais de ensino e assistência e afirmaram que o tema era pouco valorizado no currículo da faculdade.

  13. Virtual and solution conformations of oligosaccharides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cumming, D.A.; Carver, J.P.

    1987-01-01

    The possibility that observed nuclear Overhauser enhancements and bulk longitudinal relaxation times, parameters measured by 1 H NMR and often employed in determining the preferred solution conformation of biologically important molecules, are the result of averaging over many conformational states is quantitatively evaluated. Of particular interest was to ascertain whether certain 1 H NMR determined conformations are virtual in nature; i.e., the fraction of the population of molecules actually found at any time within the subset of conformational space defined as the solution conformation is vanishingly small. A statistical mechanics approach was utilized to calculate an ensemble average relaxation matrix from which (NOE)'s and (T 1 )'s are calculated. Model glycosidic linkages in four oligosaccharides were studied. The nature of the resultant population distributions is such that 50% of the molecular population is found within 1% of available microstates, while 99% of the molecular population occupies about 10% of the ensemble microstates, a number roughly equal to that sterically allowed. From this analysis the authors conclude that in many cases quantitative interpretation of NMR relaxation data, which attempts to define a single set of allowable torsion angle values consistent with the observed data, will lead to solution conformations that are either virtual or reflect torsion angle values possessed by a minority of the molecular population. Observed values of NMR relaxation data are the result of the complex interdependence of the population distribution and NOE (or T 1 ) surfaces in conformational space. In conformational analyses, NMR data can therefore be used to test different population distributions calculated from empirical potential energy functions

  14. Uniform stable conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer for enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Yue; Wang Jian-Guo; Chen Zai-Gao

    2015-01-01

    Based on conformal construction of physical model in a three-dimensional Cartesian grid, an integral-based conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) is given for solving the truncation problem of the open port when the enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain (ECT-CFDTD) method is used to simulate the wave propagation inside a perfect electric conductor (PEC) waveguide. The algorithm has the same numerical stability as the ECT-CFDTD method. For the long-time propagation problems of an evanescent wave in a waveguide, several numerical simulations are performed to analyze the reflection error by sweeping the constitutive parameters of the integral-based conformal CPML. Our numerical results show that the integral-based conformal CPML can be used to efficiently truncate the open port of the waveguide. (paper)

  15. Noncommutative geometry and twisted conformal symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matlock, Peter

    2005-01-01

    The twist-deformed conformal algebra is constructed as a Hopf algebra with twisted coproduct. This allows for the definition of conformal symmetry in a noncommutative background geometry. The twisted coproduct is reviewed for the Poincare algebra and the construction is then extended to the full conformal algebra. The case of Moyal-type noncommutativity of the coordinates is considered. It is demonstrated that conformal invariance need not be viewed as incompatible with noncommutative geometry; the noncommutativity of the coordinates appears as a consequence of the twisting, as has been shown in the literature in the case of the twisted Poincare algebra

  16. Superintegrability of d-dimensional conformal blocks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Isachenkov, Mikhail

    2016-02-01

    We observe that conformal blocks of scalar 4-point functions in a d-dimensional conformal field theory can mapped to eigenfunctions of a 2-particle hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian. The latter describes two coupled Poeschl-Teller particles. Their interaction, whose strength depends smoothly on the dimension d, is known to be superintegrable. Our observation enables us to exploit the rich mathematical literature on Calogero-Sutherland models in deriving various results for conformal field theory. These include an explicit construction of conformal blocks in terms of Heckman-Opdam hypergeometric functions and a remarkable duality that relates the blocks of theories in different dimensions.

  17. Superintegrability of d-dimensional conformal blocks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Isachenkov, Mikhail [Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astronomy; Schomerus, Volker [DESY Theory Group, Hamburg (Germany)

    2016-02-15

    We observe that conformal blocks of scalar 4-point functions in a d-dimensional conformal field theory can mapped to eigenfunctions of a 2-particle hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian. The latter describes two coupled Poeschl-Teller particles. Their interaction, whose strength depends smoothly on the dimension d, is known to be superintegrable. Our observation enables us to exploit the rich mathematical literature on Calogero-Sutherland models in deriving various results for conformal field theory. These include an explicit construction of conformal blocks in terms of Heckman-Opdam hypergeometric functions and a remarkable duality that relates the blocks of theories in different dimensions.

  18. Induced quantum conformal gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Novozhilov, Y.V.; Vassilevich, D.V.

    1988-11-01

    Quantum gravity is considered as induced by matter degrees of freedom and related to the symmetry breakdown in the low energy region of a non-Abelian gauge theory of fundamental fields. An effective action for quantum conformal gravity is derived where both the gravitational constant and conformal kinetic term are positive. Relation with induced classical gravity is established. (author). 15 refs

  19. Evaluation of the treatment planning system of three-dimensional conformal external radiotherapy in Hospital Mexico of San Jose, Costa Rica

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Venegas Rojas, Deybith

    2014-01-01

    An evaluation and analysis are realized of dosimetry of the treatment planning system (TPS) of three-dimensional conformal external radiotherapy in the Servicio de Radioterapia of the Hospital Mexico of Costa Rica. An evaluation procedure is proposed based on IAEA-TECDOC-1540 document, and may continue to be applied periodically in this or other radiotherapy services. Tests realized have checked the representation of distances and electronics densities transferred to the TPS, match with those of real objects. The 16 tests applied have represented situations of real treatments with different configurations and beam modifiers in the equipment used daily. The tests have measured the absorbed dose to water in different significant points at different depths, using photon beams of 6 MeV and 18 MeV. The physical parameters of the tests were simulated. The absorbed dose has been calculated at specified points. The XiO and Eclipse TPS have been used with the calculation algorithms: Superposition, Convolution and AAA. The results of the calculations are evaluated with statistical methods and comparing them with the measurements of absorbed dose. A generalized tendency has been detected toward negative relative errors, implying an underestimation of the dose by the TPS; due to a difference found in the accelerator output factor respect to its commissioning. The AAA algorithm has determined a better performance, although with greater difficulties of calculus in the region of build-up. Convolution and Superposition algorithms have had similar performances and both have presented problems in high depths and out of edges of the fields. The result of the dosimetric evaluation has been satisfactory in real conditions of equipment; but several particularities have been found that should be reviewed and adjusted. The precision of the TPS has been adequate in the majority of situations important for treatment planning. [author] [es

  20. A Study of Wind Turbine Comprehensive Operational Assessment Model Based on EM-PCA Algorithm

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Minqiang; Xu, Bin; Zhan, Yangyan; Ren, Danyuan; Liu, Dexing

    2018-01-01

    To assess wind turbine performance accurately and provide theoretical basis for wind farm management, a hybrid assessment model based on Entropy Method and Principle Component Analysis (EM-PCA) was established, which took most factors of operational performance into consideration and reach to a comprehensive result. To verify the model, six wind turbines were chosen as the research objects, the ranking obtained by the method proposed in the paper were 4#>6#>1#>5#>2#>3#, which are completely in conformity with the theoretical ranking, which indicates that the reliability and effectiveness of the EM-PCA method are high. The method could give guidance for processing unit state comparison among different units and launching wind farm operational assessment.

  1. Conformal invariance in harmonic superspace

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galperin, A.; Ivanov, E.; Ogievetsky, V.; Sokatchev, E.

    1987-01-01

    In the present paper we show how the N = 2 superconformal group is realised in harmonic superspace and examine conformal invariance of N = 2 off-shell theories. We believe that the example of N = O self-dual Yang-Mills equations can serve as an instructive introduction to the subject of harmonic superspace and this is examined. The rigid N = 2 conformal supersymmetry and its local version, i.e. N = 2 conformal supergravity is also discussed. The paper is a contribution to the book commemorating the sixtieth birthday of E.S. Fradkin. (author)

  2. Harmony of spinning conformal blocks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schomerus, Volker [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Theory Group; Sobko, Evgeny [Stockholm Univ. (Sweden); Nordita, Stockholm (Sweden); Isachenkov, Mikhail [Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics

    2016-12-07

    Conformal blocks for correlation functions of tensor operators play an increasingly important role for the conformal bootstrap programme. We develop a universal approach to such spinning blocks through the harmonic analysis of certain bundles over a coset of the conformal group. The resulting Casimir equations are given by a matrix version of the Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian that describes the scattering of interacting spinning particles in a 1-dimensional external potential. The approach is illustrated in several examples including fermionic seed blocks in 3D CFT where they take a very simple form.

  3. Harmony of spinning conformal blocks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schomerus, Volker [DESY Hamburg, Theory Group,Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg (Germany); Sobko, Evgeny [Nordita and Stockholm University,Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Isachenkov, Mikhail [Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science,Rehovot 7610001 (Israel)

    2017-03-15

    Conformal blocks for correlation functions of tensor operators play an increasingly important role for the conformal bootstrap programme. We develop a universal approach to such spinning blocks through the harmonic analysis of certain bundles over a coset of the conformal group. The resulting Casimir equations are given by a matrix version of the Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian that describes the scattering of interacting spinning particles in a 1-dimensional external potential. The approach is illustrated in several examples including fermionic seed blocks in 3D CFT where they take a very simple form.

  4. Conformational cooling and conformation selective aggregation in dimethyl sulfite isolated in solid rare gases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Borba, Ana; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea; Fausto, Rui

    2006-08-01

    Dimethyl sulfite has three conformers of low energy, GG, GT and GG', which have significant populations in the gas phase at room temperature. According to theoretical predictions, the GT and GG' conformers are higher in energy than the GG conformer by 0.83 and 1.18 kJ mol -1, respectively, while the barriers associated with the GG'→GT and GT→GG isomerizations are 1.90 and 9.64 kJ mol -1, respectively. Experimental data obtained for the compound isolated in solid argon, krypton and xenon demonstrated that the GG'→GT energy barrier is low enough to allow an extensive conversion of the GG' form into the GT conformer during deposition of the matrices, the extent of the conversion increasing along the series Arconformers could be trapped in both argon and krypton matrices, but, at a given temperature, the amount of GG' form trapped in krypton is considerably smaller than in argon, while the amount of GT form increases in relation to the most stable GG form. In addition, when xenon is used, no bands due to GG' are observed in the as-deposited spectra ( Tsubstrate≥10 K, the minimum substrate temperature accessible to our experimental set up), indicating that when the best relaxant gas is used the GG'→GT conversion during deposition of the matrix is complete even at 10 K. Annealing of the argon and krypton matrices shows that the increase of the temperature of the matrix first promotes the GG'→GT isomerization, and only at higher temperatures the GT→GG conversion starts to occur, in consonance with the relative energy barriers associated with these two processes. The results also indicate that dimethyl sulfite exhibits conformation selective aggregation, with the most stable form, which has the highest dipole moment, aggregating more easily than the remaining experimentally relevant conformers (GT and GG').

  5. Constituents from <em>Vigna em>vexillata> and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guo-Feng Chen

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The seeds of <em>Vigna em>genus are important food resources and there have already been many reports regarding their bioactivities. In our preliminary bioassay, the chloroform layer of methanol extracts of<em> V. vexillata em>demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Therefore, the present research is aimed to purify and identify the anti-inflammatory principles of <em>V. vexillataem>. One new sterol (1 and two new isoflavones (2,3 were reported from the natural sources for the first time and their chemical structures were determined by the spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. In addition, 37 known compounds were identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. Among the isolates, daidzein (23, abscisic acid (25, and quercetin (40 displayed the most significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release.

  6. Conformal hyperbolicity of Lorentzian warped products

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markowitz, M.J.

    1982-01-01

    A space-time M is said to be conformally hyperbolic if the intrinsic conformal Lorentz pseudodistance dsub(M) is a true distance. In this paper criteria are derived which insure the conformal hyperbolicity of certain space-times which are generalizations of the Robertson-Walker spaces. Then dsub(M) is determined explicitly for Einstein-de Sitter space, and important cosmological model. (author)

  7. Conformal hyperbolicity of Lorentzian warped products

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Markowitz, M.J. (Chicago Univ., IL (USA). Dept. of Mathematics)

    1982-12-01

    A space-time M is said to be conformally hyperbolic if the intrinsic conformal Lorentz pseudodistance dsub(M) is a true distance. In this paper criteria are derived which insure the conformal hyperbolicity of certain space-times which are generalizations of the Robertson-Walker spaces. Then dsub(M) is determined explicitly for Einstein-de Sitter space, and important cosmological model.

  8. Dosimetric tests for treatment planning commissioning in 3DCRT; Testes dosimetricos para comissionamento de sistemas de planejamento em radioterapia 3DCRT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goncalves, Leandro R.; Pieri, Karen; Silva, Marco A.; Santos, Gabriela R.; Sales, Camila P.; Rubo, Rodrigo A.; Nakandakari, Marcos V.N.; Cunha, Ana Paula V; Santos, Caroline Z.; Rodrigues, Laura N.; Furnari, Laura, E-mail: leandrorg11@hotmail.com [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Hospital das Clinicas. Servico de Radioterapia

    2012-12-15

    The radiotherapy evolution from 2D treatments to 3D conformal treatments was possible after the advent the treatment planning systems commercially available and tridimensional images techniques like computed tomography. These systems have tools that allow delineate anatomical structures from tomographic images. Calculations dose tools allow the planner evaluate the dose received in the anatomical structures. When these systems are acquired or an upgrade is made many dosimetric and non-dosimetric tests need to be performed to know the system limitations and correct functioning and to verify the correct dosimetric data insertion. This study was based in International Atomic Energy Agency protocols, Task Groups documents from American Association of Physics in Medicine, and other papers. A dosimetric test set was done to commissioning the Eclipse 10.0.28 (Varian Medical Systems) treatments planning system This version has two photon calculation algorithm (Pencil Beam Convolution and Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm – AAA) and Gaussian Pencil Beam algorithm for electron beams. However, tests for AAA it was not performed. In this study was possible to conclude that the dosimetric data was correctly added in the treatment planning system. Some results allowed to understand the algorithm limitations to calculate dose distributions in specifics situations, that was not clinically relevant in our routine. (author)

  9. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of Cd (II Complex with <em>N-Benzenesulphonyl-L>-leucine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xishi Tai

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available A new trinuclear Cd (II complex [Cd3(L6(2,2-bipyridine3] [L =<em> Nem>-phenylsulfonyl-L>-leucinato] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The results show that the complex belongs to the orthorhombic, space group<em> Pem>212121 with<em> aem> = 16.877(3 Å, <em>b> em>= 22.875(5 Å, <em>c em>= 29.495(6 Å, <em>α> em>= <emem>= <emem>= 90°, <em>V> em>= 11387(4 Å3, <em>Z> em>= 4, <em>Dc>= 1.416 μg·m−3, <emem>= 0.737 mm−1, <em>F> em>(000 = 4992, and final <em>R>1 = 0.0390, <em>ωR>2 = 0.0989. The complex comprises two seven-coordinated Cd (II atoms, with a N2O5 distorted pengonal bipyramidal coordination environment and a six-coordinated Cd (II atom, with a N2O4 distorted octahedral coordination environment. The molecules form one dimensional chain structure by the interaction of bridged carboxylato groups, hydrogen bonds and p-p interaction of 2,2-bipyridine. The luminescent properties of the Cd (II complex and <em>N-Benzenesulphonyl-L>-leucine in solid and in CH3OH solution also have been investigated.

  10. Valor da ressonância magnética no planejamento radioterápico dos tumores de colo de útero: resultados preliminares Value of magnetic resonance imaging in the radiotherapy planning of tumours of the uterine cervix: preliminary results

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pitágoras Baskara Justino

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o índice de erros geográficos no planejamento radioterápico convencional de pacientes com carcinoma de colo uterino por meio da ressonância magnética. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trinta e duas pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma espinocelular de colo uterino, com indicação de radioterapia, foram analisadas. Foi realizada ressonância magnética da pelve, sendo essas imagens comparadas aos campos clássicos de radioterapia, técnica de quatro campos em "tijolo". Considerou-se erro geográfico quando o volume alvo não foi englobado pelos campos, com margens mínimas de 1 cm. RESULTADOS: Em 24 pacientes (75% foi detectada possibilidade de erro geográfico se fossem utilizados os campos convencionais. Em todos os casos o erro foi à custa dos limites anterior (46% ou posterior (40% dos campos laterais. CONCLUSÃO: A ressonância magnética evidenciou chance elevada de erro geográfico no planejamento radioterápico convencional na população analisada, tanto nas pacientes com doença em estádios iniciais quanto avançados.OBJECTIVE: To assess the rate of geographic miss on conventional radiotherapy planning of patients with cervical cancer, using magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were studied. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis was performed after clinical staging. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared with the classic fields described for the "box" technique. Target volume within less than 1 cm margins of the fields' limits was considered as geographic miss. RESULTS: Classical radiation field limits were inadequate in 24 cases (75%, all in the anterior (46% or posterior (40% border of the lateral fields. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance detected a high probability of geographic miss on conventional radiotherapy planning in this population, both in initial and advanced stages of the disease.

  11. <em>N>-Substituted 5-Chloro-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2<em>H>-ones: Synthesis, Insecticidal Activity Against <em>Plutella xylostella em>(L. and SAR Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Song Yang

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available A series of <em>N>-substituted 5-chloro-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2<em>H>-one derivatives were synthesized based on our previous work; all compounds were characterized by spectral data and tested for <em>in vitroem> insecticidal activity against <em>Plutella xylostellaem>. The results showed that the synthesized pyridazin-3(2<em>H>-one compounds possessed good insecticidal activities, especially the compounds 4b, 4d, and 4h which showed > 90% activity at 100 mg/L. The structure-activity relationships (SAR for these compounds were also discussed.

  12. Non-linear realizations of conformal symmetry and effective field theory for the pseudo-conformal universe

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinterbichler, Kurt; Joyce, Austin; Khoury, Justin

    2012-01-01

    The pseudo-conformal scenario is an alternative to inflation in which the early universe is described by an approximate conformal field theory on flat, Minkowski space. Some fields acquire a time-dependent expectation value, which breaks the flat space so(4,2) conformal algebra to its so(4,1) de Sitter subalgebra. As a result, weight-0 fields acquire a scale invariant spectrum of perturbations. The scenario is very general, and its essential features are determined by the symmetry breaking pattern, irrespective of the details of the underlying microphysics. In this paper, we apply the well-known coset technique to derive the most general effective lagrangian describing the Goldstone field and matter fields, consistent with the assumed symmetries. The resulting action captures the low energy dynamics of any pseudo-conformal realization, including the U(1)-invariant quartic model and the Galilean Genesis scenario. We also derive this lagrangian using an alternative method of curvature invariants, consisting of writing down geometric scalars in terms of the conformal mode. Using this general effective action, we compute the two-point function for the Goldstone and a fiducial weight-0 field, as well as some sample three-point functions involving these fields

  13. General Conformity

    Science.gov (United States)

    The General Conformity requirements ensure that the actions taken by federal agencies in nonattainment and maintenance areas do not interfere with a state’s plans to meet national standards for air quality.

  14. Uso do grampeador para o fechamento da faringe após laringectomia total

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério A. Dedivitis

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a laringectomia total para resgate de recidiva após tratamento por radioterapia e quimioterapia concomitante por carcinoma epidermóide avançado de laringe. MÉTODOS: Entre março de 2001 e dezembro de 2002, foram realizadas 12 laringectomias totais de resgate de recidiva com uso do grampeador linear. O protocolo de preservação de órgão para casos de câncer avançado de laringe consiste no uso de cisplatina semanal concomitante à radioterapia. A idade variou de 42 a 64 anos e onze pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Realizou-se novo estadiamento por telelaringoscopia, laringoscopia de suspensão e tomografia computadorizada. Os tumores recidivados eram restritos à endolaringe. O grampeador linear foi aplicado longitudinalmente na região da valécula, entre a faringe e a laringe, o mais próximo possível da asa da cartilagem tireóidea. A colocação primária de prótese fonatória foi realizada em 11 pacientes após o fechamento da faringe. Todos os pacientes obtiveram alta hospitalar entre o 4º e o 7º dia de pós-operatório e a dieta oral foi iniciada no 10º dia. Realizou-se radiografia contrastada de faringe e esôfago entre o 21º e o 30º dia para avaliar a bolsa faríngea. RESULTADOS: A aplicação do grampeador durou menos que cinco minutos. Não houve infecção, fístula faringo-cutânea, queixa de disfagia nem estreitamento ao estudo radiográfico. Os pacientes obtiveram sucesso na reabilitação fonatória a prótese. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do grampeador é tecnicamente fácil e não aumenta a incidência de fístula ou de disfagia em pacientes submetidos a laringectomia de resgate pós-radioterapia. O tempo cirúrgico é reduzido e não há prejuízo na reabilitação fonatória primária com uso de prótese traqueo-esofágica.

  15. Internações por intoxicações medicamentosas em crianças menores de cinco anos no Brasil, 2003-2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta da Cunha Lobo Souto Maior

    Full Text Available RESUMO OBJETIVO: descrever as internações hospitalares devidas às intoxicações medicamentosas em menores de cinco anos de idade no Brasil, de 2003 a 2012. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS; os medicamentos envolvidos foram categorizados em classes terapêuticas, conforme a classificação Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC. RESULTADOS: foram identificadas 17.725 internações, com diagnóstico de 22.395 intoxicações e 75 óbitos; as classes terapêuticas mais frequentes nas intoxicações foram fármacos não especificados (38,0%, antiepilépticos/sedativo-hipnóticos/antiparkinsonianos (19,8%, antibióticos sistêmicos (13,4% e analgésicos/antitérmicos não opiáceos (6,5%, variando conforme região do país e idade das crianças; em 38,5% das intoxicações, não foi possível correlacionar classes terapêuticas e categorias ATC. CONCLUSÃO: a elevada frequência de fármacos não especificados foi uma limitação; entre as intoxicações com fármacos especificados, predominaram medicamentos que atuam no sistema nervoso central e aqueles utilizados em doenças comuns à infância (antibióticos e analgésicos.

  16. Epigenetic dominance of prion conformers.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eri Saijo

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Although they share certain biological properties with nucleic acid based infectious agents, prions, the causative agents of invariably fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative disorders such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, sheep scrapie, and human Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, propagate by conformational templating of host encoded proteins. Once thought to be unique to these diseases, this mechanism is now recognized as a ubiquitous means of information transfer in biological systems, including other protein misfolding disorders such as those causing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. To address the poorly understood mechanism by which host prion protein (PrP primary structures interact with distinct prion conformations to influence pathogenesis, we produced transgenic (Tg mice expressing different sheep scrapie susceptibility alleles, varying only at a single amino acid at PrP residue 136. Tg mice expressing ovine PrP with alanine (A at (OvPrP-A136 infected with SSBP/1 scrapie prions propagated a relatively stable (S prion conformation, which accumulated as punctate aggregates in the brain, and produced prolonged incubation times. In contrast, Tg mice expressing OvPrP with valine (V at 136 (OvPrP-V136 infected with the same prions developed disease rapidly, and the converted prion was comprised of an unstable (U, diffusely distributed conformer. Infected Tg mice co-expressing both alleles manifested properties consistent with the U conformer, suggesting a dominant effect resulting from exclusive conversion of OvPrP-V136 but not OvPrP-A136. Surprisingly, however, studies with monoclonal antibody (mAb PRC5, which discriminates OvPrP-A136 from OvPrP-V136, revealed substantial conversion of OvPrP-A136. Moreover, the resulting OvPrP-A136 prion acquired the characteristics of the U conformer. These results, substantiated by in vitro analyses, indicated that co-expression of OvPrP-V136 altered the conversion potential of OvPrP-A136 from the S to

  17. Conformal Dimensions via Large Charge Expansion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Banerjee, Debasish; Chandrasekharan, Shailesh; Orlando, Domenico

    2018-02-09

    We construct an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm that overcomes the severe signal-to-noise ratio problems and helps us to accurately compute the conformal dimensions of large-Q fields at the Wilson-Fisher fixed point in the O(2) universality class. Using it, we verify a recent proposal that conformal dimensions of strongly coupled conformal field theories with a global U(1) charge can be obtained via a series expansion in the inverse charge 1/Q. We find that the conformal dimensions of the lowest operator with a fixed charge Q are almost entirely determined by the first few terms in the series.

  18. Some Progress in Conformal Geometry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sun-Yung A. Chang

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available This is a survey paper of our current research on the theory of partial differential equations in conformal geometry. Our intention is to describe some of our current works in a rather brief and expository fashion. We are not giving a comprehensive survey on the subject and references cited here are not intended to be complete. We introduce a bubble tree structure to study the degeneration of a class of Yamabe metrics on Bach flat manifolds satisfying some global conformal bounds on compact manifolds of dimension 4. As applications, we establish a gap theorem, a finiteness theorem for diffeomorphism type for this class, and diameter bound of the $sigma_2$-metrics in a class of conformal 4-manifolds. For conformally compact Einstein metrics we introduce an eigenfunction compactification. As a consequence we obtain some topological constraints in terms of renormalized volumes.

  19. Algebraic conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuchs, J.; Nationaal Inst. voor Kernfysica en Hoge-Energiefysica

    1991-11-01

    Many conformal field theory features are special versions of structures which are present in arbitrary 2-dimensional quantum field theories. So it makes sense to describe 2-dimensional conformal field theories in context of algebraic theory of superselection sectors. While most of the results of the algebraic theory are rather abstract, conformal field theories offer the possibility to work out many formulae explicitly. In particular, one can construct the full algebra A-bar of global observables and the endomorphisms of A-bar which represent the superselection sectors. Some explicit results are presented for the level 1 so(N) WZW theories; the algebra A-bar is found to be the enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra L-bar which is an extension of the chiral symmetry algebra of the WZW theory. (author). 21 refs., 6 figs

  20. 47 CFR 68.320 - Supplier's Declaration of Conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Supplier's Declaration of Conformity. 68.320... Approval § 68.320 Supplier's Declaration of Conformity. (a) Supplier's Declaration of Conformity is a... Supplier's Declaration of Conformity attaches to all items subsequently marketed by the responsible party...

  1. Conformational effects in photoelectron circular dichroism

    Science.gov (United States)

    Turchini, S.

    2017-12-01

    Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is a novel type of spectroscopy, which presents surprising sensitivity to conformational effects in chiral systems. While classical photoelectron spectroscopy mainly responds to conformational effects in terms of energy level shifts, PECD provides a rich and detailed response to tiny changes in electronic and structural properties by means of the intensity dispersion of the circular dichroism as a function of photoelectron kinetic energy. In this work, the basics of PECD will be outlined, emphasizing the role of interference from the l,l+/- 1 outgoing partial wave of the photoelectron in the PECD transition matrix element, which is responsible for the extreme sensitivity to conformational effects. Examples using molecular systems and interfaces will shed light on the powerful application of PECD to classical conformational effects such as group substitution, isomerism, conformer population and clustering. Moreover, the PECD results will be reported in challenging new fields where conformations play a key role, such as vibrational effects, transient chirality and time- resolved experiments. To date, PECD has mostly been based on synchrotron radiation facilities, but it also has a future as a table-top lab experiment by means of multiphoton ionization. An important application of PECD as an analytical tool will be reported. The aim of this review is to illustrate that in PECD, the presence of conformational effects is essential for understanding a wide range of effects from a new perspective, making it different from classical spectroscopy.

  2. Understanding modern magnets through conformal mapping

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Halbach, K.

    1989-10-01

    I want to show with the help of a number of examples that conformal mapping is a unique and enormously powerful tool for thinking about, and solving, problems. Usually one has to write down only a few equations, and sometimes none at all exclamation point When I started getting involved in work for which conformal mapping seemed to be a powerful tool, I did not think that I would ever be able to use that technique successfully because it seemed to require a nearly encyclopedic memory, an impression that was strengthened when I saw K. Kober's Dictionary of Conformal Representations. This attitude changed when I started to realize that beyond the basics of the theory of a function of a complex variable, I needed to know only about a handful of conformal maps and procedures. Consequently, my second goal for this talk is to show that in most cases conformal mapping functions can be obtained by formulating the underlying physics appropriately. This means particularly that encyclopedic knowledge of conformal maps is not necessary for successful use of conformal mapping techniques. To demonstrate these facts I have chosen examples from an area of physics/engineering in which I am active, namely accelerator physics. In order to do that successfully I start with a brief introduction into high energy charged particle storage ring technology, even though not all examples used in this paper to elucidate my points come directly from this particular field of accelerator technology

  3. Higher-derivative generalization of conformal mechanics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baranovsky, Oleg

    2017-08-01

    Higher-derivative analogs of multidimensional conformal particle and many-body conformal mechanics are constructed. Their Newton-Hooke counterparts are derived by applying appropriate coordinate transformations.

  4. Gluon amplitudes as 2 d conformal correlators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pasterski, Sabrina; Shao, Shu-Heng; Strominger, Andrew

    2017-10-01

    Recently, spin-one wave functions in four dimensions that are conformal primaries of the Lorentz group S L (2 ,C ) were constructed. We compute low-point, tree-level gluon scattering amplitudes in the space of these conformal primary wave functions. The answers have the same conformal covariance as correlators of spin-one primaries in a 2 d CFT. The Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW) recursion relation between three- and four-point gluon amplitudes is recast into this conformal basis.

  5. Multichannel conformal blocks for scattering amplitudes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belitsky, A. V.

    2018-05-01

    By performing resummation of small fermion-antifermion pairs within the pentagon form factor program to scattering amplitudes in planar N = 4 superYang-Mills theory, we construct multichannel conformal blocks within the flux-tube picture for N-sided NMHV polygons. This procedure is equivalent to summation of descendants of conformal primaries in the OPE framework. The resulting conformal partial waves are determined by multivariable hypergeometric series of Lauricella-Saran type.

  6. INFLUÊNCIA ESTOICA NA CONCEPÇÃO DE <em>STATUS> E <em>DICTUM> COMO <em> QUASI RES EM> (ὡσανεì τινά EM ABERLARDO STOIC INFLUENCE IN ABELARD'S CONCEPTION OF <em>STATUS> AND <em>DICTUM> AS <em>QUASI RESem> (ὡσανεì τινά.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guy Hamelin

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Na sua obra, Pedro Abelardo (1079-1142 destaca duas noções metafísicas que fundamentam sua teoria lógica: o <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">statusem> e o <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dictum propositionisem>, ao causar, respectivamente, a imposição (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">impositioem> dos termos universais e o valor de verdade das proposições. Trata-se de expressões que se referem a naturezas ontológicas peculiares, na medida em que não são consideradas coisas (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">resem>, mesmo que constituem causas. Todavia, também não são nada. Abelardo as chama de ‘quase coisas’ (<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quasi resem>. No presente artigo, explicamos, primeiro, essas duas noções essenciais da lógica abelardiana, antes de tentar, em seguida, encontrar a fonte dessa metafísica particular. Em oposição a comentadores importantes da lógica de Abelardo, que estimam que haja uma forte influência platônica sobre essa concepção específica, defendemos antes, com apoio de textos significativos e de acordo com o nominalismo abelardiano, que a maior ascendência sobre a metafísica do nosso autor é a do estoicismo, sobretudo, antigo.In his work, Peter Abelard (1079-1142 highlights two metaphysical notions, which sustain his logical theory: the <em>status> and the <em>dictum propositionisem>, causing respectively both the imposition (<em>impositio> of universal terms and the thuth-value of propositions. Both expressions refer to peculiar ontological natures, in so far as they are not considered things (<em>res>, even if they constitute causes. Nevertheless, neither are they ‘nothing’. Abelard calls them ‘quasi-things’ (<em>quasi resem>. In the present article, we expound first these two essential notions of Abelardian logic before then trying to find the source of this particular metaphysics. Contrary to some important

  7. Conformation Generation: The State of the Art.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hawkins, Paul C D

    2017-08-28

    The generation of conformations for small molecules is a problem of continuing interest in cheminformatics and computational drug discovery. This review will present an overview of methods used to sample conformational space, focusing on those methods designed for organic molecules commonly of interest in drug discovery. Different approaches to both the sampling of conformational space and the scoring of conformational stability will be compared and contrasted, with an emphasis on those methods suitable for conformer sampling of large numbers of drug-like molecules. Particular attention will be devoted to the appropriate utilization of information from experimental solid-state structures in validating and evaluating the performance of these tools. The review will conclude with some areas worthy of further investigation.

  8. The pseudo-conformal universe: scale invariance from spontaneous breaking of conformal symmetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinterbichler, Kurt; Khoury, Justin

    2012-01-01

    We present a novel theory of the very early universe which addresses the traditional horizon and flatness problems of big bang cosmology and predicts a scale invariant spectrum of perturbations. Unlike inflation, this scenario requires no exponential accelerated expansion of space-time. Instead, the early universe is described by a conformal field theory minimally coupled to gravity. The conformal fields develop a time-dependent expectation value which breaks the flat space so(4,2) conformal symmetry down to so(4,1), the symmetries of de Sitter, giving perturbations a scale invariant spectrum. The solution is an attractor, at least in the case of a single time-dependent field. Meanwhile, the metric background remains approximately flat but slowly contracts, which makes the universe increasingly flat, homogeneous and isotropic, akin to the smoothing mechanism of ekpyrotic cosmology. Our scenario is very general, requiring only a conformal field theory capable of developing the appropriate time-dependent expectation values, and encompasses existing incarnations of this idea, specifically the U(1) model of Rubakov and the Galileon Genesis scenario. Its essential features depend only on the symmetry breaking pattern and not on the details of the underlying lagrangian. It makes generic observational predictions that make it potentially distinguishable from standard inflation, in particular significant non-gaussianities and the absence of primordial gravitational waves

  9. Arbitrary spin conformal fields in (A)dS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Metsaev, R.R.

    2014-01-01

    Totally symmetric arbitrary spin conformal fields in (A)dS space of even dimension greater than or equal to four are studied. Ordinary-derivative and gauge invariant Lagrangian formulation for such fields is obtained. Gauge symmetries are realized by using auxiliary fields and Stueckelberg fields. We demonstrate that Lagrangian of conformal field is decomposed into a sum of gauge invariant Lagrangians for massless, partial-massless, and massive fields. We obtain a mass spectrum of the partial-massless and massive fields and confirm the conjecture about the mass spectrum made in the earlier literature. In contrast to conformal fields in flat space, the kinetic terms of conformal fields in (A)dS space turn out to be diagonal with respect to fields entering the Lagrangian. Explicit form of conformal transformation which maps conformal field in flat space to conformal field in (A)dS space is obtained. Covariant Lorentz-like and de-Donder like gauge conditions leading to simple gauge-fixed Lagrangian of conformal fields are proposed. Using such gauge-fixed Lagrangian, which is invariant under global BRST transformations, we explain how the partition function of conformal field is obtained in the framework of our approach

  10. Inversion theory and conformal mapping

    CERN Document Server

    Blair, David E

    2000-01-01

    It is rarely taught in an undergraduate or even graduate curriculum that the only conformal maps in Euclidean space of dimension greater than two are those generated by similarities and inversions in spheres. This is in stark contrast to the wealth of conformal maps in the plane. The principal aim of this text is to give a treatment of this paucity of conformal maps in higher dimensions. The exposition includes both an analytic proof in general dimension and a differential-geometric proof in dimension three. For completeness, enough complex analysis is developed to prove the abundance of conformal maps in the plane. In addition, the book develops inversion theory as a subject, along with the auxiliary theme of circle-preserving maps. A particular feature is the inclusion of a paper by Carath�odory with the remarkable result that any circle-preserving transformation is necessarily a M�bius transformation, not even the continuity of the transformation is assumed. The text is at the level of advanced undergr...

  11. Inverse bootstrapping conformal field theories

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Wenliang

    2018-01-01

    We propose a novel approach to study conformal field theories (CFTs) in general dimensions. In the conformal bootstrap program, one usually searches for consistent CFT data that satisfy crossing symmetry. In the new method, we reverse the logic and interpret manifestly crossing-symmetric functions as generating functions of conformal data. Physical CFTs can be obtained by scanning the space of crossing-symmetric functions. By truncating the fusion rules, we are able to concentrate on the low-lying operators and derive some approximate relations for their conformal data. It turns out that the free scalar theory, the 2d minimal model CFTs, the ϕ 4 Wilson-Fisher CFT, the Lee-Yang CFTs and the Ising CFTs are consistent with the universal relations from the minimal fusion rule ϕ 1 × ϕ 1 = I + ϕ 2 + T , where ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 are scalar operators, I is the identity operator and T is the stress tensor.

  12. AS RELAÇÕES DE PODER E O PAPEL DE LÍDER EM GRUPOS FORMAIS QUE EMERGEM EM ESTRUTURA PROJETIZADA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sílvio Luiz Paula

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Diante do contexto da existência de grupos formais que emergem no modelo de estrutura projetizada e da dinâmica de alternância de papéis dos membros (em cada fase do projeto em estruturas organizacionais que se baseiam em modelos de qualidade como o CMMI, este trabalho tem como objetivo elencar os pontos sobre os quais se desenvolve essa dinâmica na estrutura organizacional e nos grupos formais, além de trazer as relações de poder que ocorrem na alternância dos papéis. Para o alcance desse objetivo, abordam-se questões teóricas relacionadas à estrutura organizacional, relações de poder e alternância de papéis, conforme delineamento do estudo. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de caso único num Instituto de Inovação em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, situado no Porto Digital, em Recife/PE. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com membros que participaram do projeto analisado, e observação não participante. Identificou-se entre os membros do projeto analisado as relações de solidariedade (sem considerar o gerente e de representação (quando da presença do gerente. Já quanto às bases de poder do gerente, predominam a autoridade e imposição, enquanto que entre os demais membros, predomina um mix de influência e de dependência.

  13. On functional representations of the conformal algebra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rosten, Oliver J.

    2017-07-15

    Starting with conformally covariant correlation functions, a sequence of functional representations of the conformal algebra is constructed. A key step is the introduction of representations which involve an auxiliary functional. It is observed that these functionals are not arbitrary but rather must satisfy a pair of consistency equations corresponding to dilatation and special conformal invariance. In a particular representation, the former corresponds to the canonical form of the exact renormalization group equation specialized to a fixed point whereas the latter is new. This provides a concrete understanding of how conformal invariance is realized as a property of the Wilsonian effective action and the relationship to action-free formulations of conformal field theory. Subsequently, it is argued that the conformal Ward Identities serve to define a particular representation of the energy-momentum tensor. Consistency of this construction implies Polchinski's conditions for improving the energy-momentum tensor of a conformal field theory such that it is traceless. In the Wilsonian approach, the exactly marginal, redundant field which generates lines of physically equivalent fixed points is identified as the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. (orig.)

  14. 40 CFR 89.105 - Certificate of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Certificate of conformity. 89.105... and Certification Provisions § 89.105 Certificate of conformity. Every manufacturer of a new nonroad compression-ignition engine must obtain a certificate of conformity covering the engine family, as described...

  15. Preferência por discordância em casos de auto-depreciação: analisando conversas de pessoas com afasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lívia Miranda de Oliveira

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se a organização da preferência nas conversas, focalizando a preferência por discordância em casos de auto-depreciação, apresentaria-se conforme a descrição de Pomerantz publicada em 1984 sob o título “Concordando e discordando de avaliações: algumas características dos formatos de turno preferidos/despreferidos”. Com tal intuito, foram analisadas conversas gravadas em audio e video, envolvendo pessoas com afasia, segundo a perspectiva da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica. As análises realizadas neste estudo corroboram a tese de Pomerantz sobre a preferência por discordância em casos de auto-depreciação, chamando a atenção para o fato de que a proposta de organização da preferência da autora também procede em conversas que envolvem pessoas com afasia.

  16. A note on fashion cycles, novelty and conformity

    OpenAIRE

    Federica Alberti

    2013-01-01

    We develop a model in which novelty and conformity motivate fashion behavior. Fashion cycles occur if conformity is not too high. The duration of fashion cycles depends on individual-specific conformity, novelty, and the number of available styles. The use of individual-specific novelty and conformity allows us to also identify fashion leaders.

  17. Nonperturbative results for two-index conformal windows

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bergner, Georg [Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics,Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern,Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern (Switzerland); Ryttov, Thomas A.; Sannino, Francesco [CP-Origins and the Danish IAS, University of Southern Denmark,5230 Odense M (Denmark)

    2015-12-10

    Via large and small N{sub c} relations we derive nonperturbative results about the conformal window of two-index theories. Using Schwinger-Dyson methods as well as four-loops results we estimate subleading corrections and show that naive large number of colors extrapolations are unreliable when N{sub c} is less than about six. Nevertheless useful nonperturbative inequalities for the size of the conformal windows, for any number of colors, can be derived. By further observing that the adjoint conformal window is independent of the number of colors we argue, among other things, that: the large N{sub c} two-index conformal window is twice the conformal window of the adjoint representation (which can be determined at small N{sub c}) expressed in terms of Dirac fermions; lattice results for adjoint matter can be used to provide independent information on the conformal dynamics of two-index theories such as SU(N{sub c}) with two and four symmetric Dirac flavors.

  18. Nonperturbative results for two-index conformal windows

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bergner, Georg; Ryttov, Thomas A.; Sannino, Francesco

    2015-01-01

    Via large and small N c relations we derive nonperturbative results about the conformal window of two-index theories. Using Schwinger-Dyson methods as well as four-loops results we estimate subleading corrections and show that naive large number of colors extrapolations are unreliable when N c is less than about six. Nevertheless useful nonperturbative inequalities for the size of the conformal windows, for any number of colors, can be derived. By further observing that the adjoint conformal window is independent of the number of colors we argue, among other things, that: the large N c two-index conformal window is twice the conformal window of the adjoint representation (which can be determined at small N c ) expressed in terms of Dirac fermions; lattice results for adjoint matter can be used to provide independent information on the conformal dynamics of two-index theories such as SU(N c ) with two and four symmetric Dirac flavors.

  19. Measuring the mechanical properties of molecular conformers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jarvis, S. P.; Taylor, S.; Baran, J. D.; Champness, N. R.; Larsson, J. A.; Moriarty, P.

    2015-09-01

    Scanning probe-actuated single molecule manipulation has proven to be an exceptionally powerful tool for the systematic atomic-scale interrogation of molecular adsorbates. To date, however, the extent to which molecular conformation affects the force required to push or pull a single molecule has not been explored. Here we probe the mechanochemical response of two tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin conformers using non-contact atomic force microscopy where we find a large difference between the lateral forces required for manipulation. Remarkably, despite sharing very similar adsorption characteristics, variations in the potential energy surface are capable of prohibiting probe-induced positioning of one conformer, while simultaneously permitting manipulation of the alternative conformational form. Our results are interpreted in the context of dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations which reveal significant differences in the diffusion barriers for each conformer. These results demonstrate that conformational variation significantly modifies the mechanical response of even simple porpyhrins, potentially affecting many other flexible molecules.

  20. Counselor Identity: Conformity or Distinction?

    Science.gov (United States)

    McLaughlin, Jerry E.; Boettcher, Kathryn

    2009-01-01

    The authors explore 3 debates in other disciplines similar to counseling's identity debate in order to learn about common themes and outcomes. Conformity, distinction, and cohesion emerged as common themes. They conclude that counselors should retain their distinctive, humanistic approach rather than conforming to the dominant, medical approach.

  1. Peer influence: neural mechanisms underlying in-group conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stallen, Mirre; Smidts, Ale; Sanfey, Alan G

    2013-01-01

    People often conform to the behavior of others with whom they identify. However, it is unclear what fundamental mechanisms underlie this type of conformity. Here, we investigate the processes mediating in-group conformity by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants completed a perceptual decision-making task while undergoing fMRI, during which they were exposed to the judgments of both in-group and out-group members. Our data suggest that conformity to the in-group is mediated by both positive affect as well as the cognitive capacity of perspective taking. Examining the processes that drive in-group conformity by utilizing a basic decision-making paradigm combined with neuroimaging methods provides important insights into the potential mechanisms of conformity. These results may provide an integral step in developing more effective campaigns using group conformity as a tool for behavioral change.

  2. 47 CFR 2.1072 - Limitation on Declaration of Conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Limitation on Declaration of Conformity. 2.1072... Conformity § 2.1072 Limitation on Declaration of Conformity. (a) The Declaration of Conformity signifies that...'s rules. (b) A Declaration of Conformity by the responsible party is effective until a termination...

  3. Conformity index for brain cancer patients

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Petkovska, Sonja; Tolevska, Cveta; Kraleva, Slavica; Petreska, Elena

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to present the level of conformity achieved by using 3D conformal radiotherapy for brain cancer patients. Conformity index is a helpful quantitative tool for assessing (evaluating) the quality of a treatment plan. Treatment plans made for ninety patients with brain tumor are worked on this paper. The patients are in supine position and immobilized with thermoplastic masks for the head. Computed tomography data sets with 5 mm scan thickness are used to create a 3D image. All structures of interest are contoured. In order to obtain an optimal dose distribution, treatment fields are fit around target volume with set-up margins of 7mm in each direction. The conformity index values are between 1.21 and 2.04. Value of 1.8 is exceeded in eighteen cases; nine of them are bigger than 1.9 and only three of them are above 2. The target volume for each of these extreme CI values is ideal covered (between 95% and 105% of the prescribed dose). The most acceptable conformity index value in this paper belongs to the plan with the lowest minimal dose (84.7%). It can be concluded that conformity index is necessary but not sufficient factor for assessing radiation treatment plan conformity. To be able to estimate the acceptability of some treatment plan in daily practice, additional information as minimal, maximal and mean dose into target volume, as well as health tissues coverage must be taken into account.(Author)

  4. Renormalization, conformal ward identities and the origin of a conformal anomaly pole

    Science.gov (United States)

    Corianò, Claudio; Maglio, Matteo Maria

    2018-06-01

    We investigate the emergence of a conformal anomaly pole in conformal field theories in the case of the TJJ correlator. We show how it comes to be generated in dimensional renormalization, using a basis of 13 form factors (the F-basis), where only one of them requires renormalization (F13), extending previous studies. We then combine recent results on the structure of the non-perturbative solutions of the conformal Ward identities (CWI's) for the TJJ in momentum space, expressed in terms of a minimal set of 4 form factors (A-basis), with the properties of the F-basis, and show how the singular behaviour of the corresponding form factors in both basis can be related. The result proves the centrality of such massless effective interactions induced by the anomaly, which have recently found realization in solid state, in the theory of topological insulators and of Weyl semimetals. This pattern is confirmed in massless abelian and nonabelian theories (QED and QCD) investigated at one-loop.

  5. Gramsci e o debate em torno da filosofia da prÃxis

    OpenAIRE

    Jecson GirÃo Lopes

    2013-01-01

    A presente dissertaÃÃo margeia em torno da discussÃo sobre a maneira pela qual Gramsci debate com os autores de seu tempo, principalmente com Nicolai BukhÃrin, defensor, segundo Gramsci, de um marxismo vulgar, devido sua compreensÃo mecanicista (economicista), fatalista, pelo uso do positivismo na filosofia da prÃxis, marxismo, (materialismo vulgar) e Benedetto Croce, a partir de sua ideia revisionista da filosofia da prÃxis (neo-idealismo: historicismo idealista, conforme Gramsci), como send...

  6. Conformable variational iteration method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omer Acan

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available In this study, we introduce the conformable variational iteration method based on new defined fractional derivative called conformable fractional derivative. This new method is applied two fractional order ordinary differential equations. To see how the solutions of this method, linear homogeneous and non-linear non-homogeneous fractional ordinary differential equations are selected. Obtained results are compared the exact solutions and their graphics are plotted to demonstrate efficiency and accuracy of the method.

  7. Trealose e trealase em tenebrio molitor L Trehalose and Trehalase in Tenebrio molitor L

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Piedras Lopes

    1972-01-01

    Full Text Available Foi estudada a concentração em trealose e a atividade em trealase do Tenebrio molitor L. durante as tres fases da metamorfose (larva, ninfa, imago. Verificou-se que na larva e no adulto os valores são mais elevados conforme a curva da fig. 3. A trealose foi expressa em mg/g de Tenebrio e a trealose por µg de glicose/mg proteina.Trehalose and trehalase were determined in the Tenebrio molitor L., using larva, pupa and imago. A total number of 895 animals was analyzed. A growth curve up to the end of the larval stage was established (Fig. 1 and compared with the normal one obtained by Fraenkel. It was shown that trehalose and trehalase are more concentrated in the larva and imago presenting a curve with two arms as depicted in the Fig. 3. Trehalase was expressed in mg/g of Tenebrio and trehalase in µg of glucose /mg proteín.

  8. 40 CFR 90.106 - Certificate of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Certificate of conformity. 90.106... Standards and Certification Provisions § 90.106 Certificate of conformity. (a)(1) Except as provided in § 90... certificate of conformity covering such engines; however, engines manufactured during an annual production...

  9. SCit: web tools for protein side chain conformation analysis

    OpenAIRE

    Gautier, R.; Camproux, A.-C.; Tufféry, P.

    2004-01-01

    SCit is a web server providing services for protein side chain conformation analysis and side chain positioning. Specific services use the dependence of the side chain conformations on the local backbone conformation, which is described using a structural alphabet that describes the conformation of fragments of four-residue length in a limited library of structural prototypes. Based on this concept, SCit uses sets of rotameric conformations dependent on the local backbone conformation of each...

  10. Sarcoma de Kaposi clássico fatal Fatal outcome in classic Kaposi's sarcoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eugênia Maria Damásio N. Ohe

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Descrito em 1872, o sarcoma de Kaposi é neoplasia multicêntrica rara originária de células endoteliais com manifestação cutânea e extracutânea. A forma clássica é muito mais frequente em homens idosos, com evolução prolongada e boa resposta a quimioterapia e radioterapia. Apresentaremos um caso de sarcoma de Kaposi clássico com comprometimento cutâneo e visceral em paciente do sexo feminino com rápida evolução fatal.First described in 1872, Kaposi's sarcoma is defined as a rare multifocal tumor that originates in the endothelial cells and presents with cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations. The classic form is most common in elderly men and progression is slow. This tumor responds well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This report describes a classic case of Kaposi's sarcoma in a woman with skin and visceral manifestations in whom the disease rapidly progressed to a fatal outcome.

  11. Saúde oral, capacidade mastigatória e estado nutricional de indivíduos pós-tratamento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço

    OpenAIRE

    Jeanne Kelly Gonçalves

    2015-01-01

    Câncer de cabeça e pescoço é um termo amplo comumente utilizado para definir neoplasias da cavidade oral, faringe e laringe. O tratamento com cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia está associado a vários efeitos colaterais, dentre eles prejuízos na condição oral, capacidade mastigatória e quadros de desnutrição. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da condição de saúde oral sobre a capacidade mastigatória e o estado nutricional em indivíduos que realizaram tratamento ...

  12. SCit: web tools for protein side chain conformation analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gautier, R; Camproux, A-C; Tufféry, P

    2004-07-01

    SCit is a web server providing services for protein side chain conformation analysis and side chain positioning. Specific services use the dependence of the side chain conformations on the local backbone conformation, which is described using a structural alphabet that describes the conformation of fragments of four-residue length in a limited library of structural prototypes. Based on this concept, SCit uses sets of rotameric conformations dependent on the local backbone conformation of each protein for side chain positioning and the identification of side chains with unlikely conformations. The SCit web server is accessible at http://bioserv.rpbs.jussieu.fr/SCit.

  13. Conformal Killing horizons and their thermodynamics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nielsen, Alex B.; Shoom, Andrey A.

    2018-05-01

    Certain dynamical black hole solutions can be mapped to static spacetimes by conformal metric transformations. This mapping provides a physical link between the conformal Killing horizon of the dynamical black hole and the Killing horizon of the static spacetime. Using the Vaidya spacetime as an example, we show how this conformal relation can be used to derive thermodynamic properties of such dynamical black holes. Although these horizons are defined quasi-locally and can be located by local experiments, they are distinct from other popular notions of quasi-local horizons such as apparent horizons. Thus in the dynamical Vaidya spacetime describing constant accretion of null dust, the conformal Killing horizon, which is null by construction, is the natural horizon to describe the black hole.

  14. Molecular dynamics studies of the conformation of sorbitol

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lerbret, A.; Mason, P.E.; Venable, R.M.; Cesàro, A.; Saboungi, M.-L.; Pastor, R.W.; Brady, J.W.

    2009-01-01

    Molecular dynamics simulations of a 3 m aqueous solution of D-sorbitol (also called D-glucitol) have been performed at 300 K, as well as at two elevated temperatures to promote conformational transitions. In principle, sorbitol is more flexible than glucose since it does not contain a constraining ring. However, a conformational analysis revealed that the sorbitol chain remains extended in solution, in contrast to the bent conformation found experimentally in the crystalline form. While there are 243 staggered conformations of the backbone possible for this open-chain polyol, only a very limited number were found to be stable in the simulations. Although many conformers were briefly sampled, only eight were significantly populated in the simulation. The carbon backbones of all but two of these eight conformers were completely extended, unlike the bent crystal conformation. These extended conformers were stabilized by a quite persistent intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl groups of carbon C-2 and C-4. The conformational populations were found to be in good agreement with the limited available NMR data except for the C-2–C-3 torsion (spanned by the O-2–O-4 hydrogen bond), where the NMR data supports a more bent structure. PMID:19744646

  15. Lattice models and conformal field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saleur, H.

    1988-01-01

    Theoretical studies concerning the connection between critical physical systems and the conformal theories are reviewed. The conformal theory associated to a critical (integrable) lattice model is derived. The obtention of the central charge, critical exponents and torus partition function, using renormalization group arguments, is shown. The quantum group structure, in the integrable lattice models, and the theory of Visaro algebra representations are discussed. The relations between off-critical integrable models and conformal theories, in finite geometries, are studied

  16. Natural Products from Antarctic Colonial Ascidians of the Genera <em>Aplidium> and <em>Synoicum>: Variability and Defensive Role

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conxita Avila

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Ascidians have developed multiple defensive strategies mostly related to physical, nutritional or chemical properties of the tunic. One of such is chemical defense based on secondary metabolites. We analyzed a series of colonial Antarctic ascidians from deep-water collections belonging to the genera <em>Aplidium> and <em>Synoicum> to evaluate the incidence of organic deterrents and their variability. The ether fractions from 15 samples including specimens of the species <em>A.> <em>falklandicum>, <em>A.> <em>fuegiense>, <em>A.> <em>meridianum>, <em>A.> <em>millari> and <em>S.> <em>adareanum> were subjected to feeding assays towards two relevant sympatric predators: the starfish <em>Odontaster> <em>validus>, and the amphipod <em>Cheirimedon> <em>femoratus>. All samples revealed repellency. Nonetheless, some colonies concentrated defensive chemicals in internal body-regions rather than in the tunic. Four ascidian-derived meroterpenoids, rossinones B and the three derivatives 2,3-epoxy-rossinone B, 3-epi-rossinone B, 5,6-epoxy-rossinone B, and the indole alkaloids meridianins A–G, along with other minoritary meridianin compounds were isolated from several samples. Some purified metabolites were tested in feeding assays exhibiting potent unpalatabilities, thus revealing their role in predation avoidance. Ascidian extracts and purified compound-fractions were further assessed in antibacterial tests against a marine Antarctic bacterium. Only the meridianins showed inhibition activity, demonstrating a multifunctional defensive role. According to their occurrence in nature and within our colonial specimens, the possible origin of both types of metabolites is discussed.

  17. 14 CFR 21.130 - Statement of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statement of conformity. 21.130 Section 21... conformity. Each holder or licensee of a type certificate only, for a product manufactured in the United... Administrator a statement of conformity (FAA Form 317). This statement must be signed by an authorized person...

  18. 14 CFR 21.53 - Statement of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statement of conformity. 21.53 Section 21... CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCTS AND PARTS Type Certificates § 21.53 Statement of conformity. Link to an... conformity (FAA Form 317) to the Administrator for each aircraft engine and propeller presented to the...

  19. Delineating the conformal window

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Frandsen, Mads Toudal; Pickup, Thomas; Teper, Michael

    2011-01-01

    We identify and characterise the conformal window in gauge theories relevant for beyond the standard model building, e.g. Technicolour, using the criteria of metric confinement and causal analytic couplings, which are known to be consistent with the phase diagram of supersymmetric QCD from Seiberg...... duality. Using these criteria we find perturbation theory to be consistent throughout the predicted conformal window for several of these gauge theories and we discuss recent lattice results in the light of our findings....

  20. Rapid roll inflation with conformal coupling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kofman, Lev; Mukohyama, Shinji

    2008-01-01

    Usual inflation is realized with a slow rolling scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. In contrast, we consider dynamics of a scalar with a flat effective potential, conformally coupled to gravity. Surprisingly, it contains an attractor inflationary solution with the rapidly rolling inflaton field. We discuss models with the conformal inflaton with a flat potential (including hybrid inflation). There is no generation of cosmological fluctuations from the conformally coupled inflaton. We consider realizations of modulated (inhomogeneous reheating) or curvaton cosmological fluctuations in these models. We also implement these unusual features for the popular string-theoretic warped inflationary scenario, based on the interacting D3-D3 branes. The original warped brane inflation suffers a large inflaton mass due to conformal coupling to 4-dimensional gravity. Instead of considering this as a problem and trying to cure it with extra engineering, we show that warped inflation with the conformally coupled, rapidly rolling inflaton is yet possible with N=37 efoldings, which requires low-energy scales 1-100 TeV of inflation. Coincidentally, the same warping numerology can be responsible for the hierarchy. It is shown that the scalars associated with angular isometries of the warped geometry of compact manifold (e.g. S 3 of Klebanov-Strassler (KS) geometry) have solutions identical to conformally coupled modes and also cannot be responsible for cosmological fluctuations. We discuss other possibilities

  1. Rapid roll inflation with conformal coupling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kofman, Lev; Mukohyama, Shinji

    2008-02-01

    Usual inflation is realized with a slow rolling scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. In contrast, we consider dynamics of a scalar with a flat effective potential, conformally coupled to gravity. Surprisingly, it contains an attractor inflationary solution with the rapidly rolling inflaton field. We discuss models with the conformal inflaton with a flat potential (including hybrid inflation). There is no generation of cosmological fluctuations from the conformally coupled inflaton. We consider realizations of modulated (inhomogeneous reheating) or curvaton cosmological fluctuations in these models. We also implement these unusual features for the popular string-theoretic warped inflationary scenario, based on the interacting D3-D¯3 branes. The original warped brane inflation suffers a large inflaton mass due to conformal coupling to 4-dimensional gravity. Instead of considering this as a problem and trying to cure it with extra engineering, we show that warped inflation with the conformally coupled, rapidly rolling inflaton is yet possible with N=37 efoldings, which requires low-energy scales 1 100 TeV of inflation. Coincidentally, the same warping numerology can be responsible for the hierarchy. It is shown that the scalars associated with angular isometries of the warped geometry of compact manifold (e.g. S3 of Klebanov-Strassler (KS) geometry) have solutions identical to conformally coupled modes and also cannot be responsible for cosmological fluctuations. We discuss other possibilities.

  2. Fumigant Antifungal Activity of Myrtaceae Essential Oils and Constituents from <em>Leptospermum petersoniiem> against Three <em>Aspergillus> Species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Il-Kwon Park

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Commercial plant essential oils obtained from 11 Myrtaceae plant species were tested for their fumigant antifungal activity against <em>Aspergillus ochraceusem>, <em>A. flavusem>, and <em>A. nigerem>. Essential oils extracted from<em> em>Leptospermum> <em>petersonii> at air concentrations of 56 × 10−3 mg/mL and 28 × 10−3 mg/mL completely inhibited the growth of the three <em>Aspergillus> species. However, at an air concentration of 14 × 10−3 mg/mL, inhibition rates of <em>L. petersoniiem> essential oils were reduced to 20.2% and 18.8% in the case of <em>A. flavusem> and <em>A. nigerem>, respectively. The other Myrtaceae essential oils (56 × 10−3 mg/mL only weakly inhibited the fungi or had no detectable affect. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 16 compounds in <em>L. petersoniiem>> em>essential> em>oil.> em>The antifungal activity of the identified compounds was tested individually by using standard or synthesized compounds. Of these, neral and geranial inhibited growth by 100%, at an air concentration of 56 × 10−3 mg/mL, whereas the activity of citronellol was somewhat lover (80%. The other compounds exhibited only moderate or weak antifungal activity. The antifungal activities of blends of constituents identified in <em>L. petersoniiem> oil indicated that neral and geranial were the major contributors to the fumigant and antifungal activities.

  3. Conformal collineations and anisotropic fluids in general relativity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duggal, K.L.; Sharma, R.

    1986-01-01

    Recently, Herrera et al. [L. Herrera, J. Jimenez, L. Leal, J. Ponce de Leon, M. Esculpi, and V. Galino, J. Math. Phys. 25, 3274 (1984)] studied the consequences of the existence of a one-parameter group of conformal motions for anisotropic matter. They concluded that for special conformal motions, the stiff equation of state (p = μ) is singled out in a unique way, provided the generating conformal vector field is orthogonal to the four-velocity. In this paper, the same problem is studied by using conformal collineations (which include conformal motions as subgroups). It is shown that, for a special conformal collineation, the stiff equation of state is not singled out. Non-Einstein Ricci-recurrent spaces are considered as physical models for the fluid matter

  4. Bioactive focus in conformational ensembles: a pluralistic approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Habgood, Matthew

    2017-12-01

    Computational generation of conformational ensembles is key to contemporary drug design. Selecting the members of the ensemble that will approximate the conformation most likely to bind to a desired target (the bioactive conformation) is difficult, given that the potential energy usually used to generate and rank the ensemble is a notoriously poor discriminator between bioactive and non-bioactive conformations. In this study an approach to generating a focused ensemble is proposed in which each conformation is assigned multiple rankings based not just on potential energy but also on solvation energy, hydrophobic or hydrophilic interaction energy, radius of gyration, and on a statistical potential derived from Cambridge Structural Database data. The best ranked structures derived from each system are then assembled into a new ensemble that is shown to be better focused on bioactive conformations. This pluralistic approach is tested on ensembles generated by the Molecular Operating Environment's Low Mode Molecular Dynamics module, and by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre's conformation generator software.

  5. CONFORMITY IN CHRIST 1. THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This essay investigates the notion of conformity in Christ as it is part of a compre- hensive, multilayered process of transformation. In the first part it focuses on the process of transformation in creation, re-creation, conformity, love and glory. In the second part it discusses transformation in Christ by looking at conformation and ...

  6. Conformal invariance in harmonic superspace

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galperin, A.; Ivanov, E.; Ogievetsky, V.; Sokatchev, E.

    1985-01-01

    N=2 conformal supersymmetry is realized in harmonic superspace, its peculiarities are analyzed. The coordinate group and analytical prepotentials for N=2 conformal supergravity are found. A new version of the N=2 Einstein supergravity with infinite number of auxiliary fields is suggested. A hypermultiplet without central charges and constraints is used as a compensator

  7. Clinical Relevance of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> DNA-Methylation in Serum of Cervical Cancer Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Günther K. Bonn

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available This study was designed to investigate the DNA-methylation status of <em>E>-cadherin (<em>CDH1em> and <em>H>-cadherin (<em>CDH13em> in serum samples of cervical cancer patients and control patients with no malignant diseases and to evaluate the clinical utility of these markers. DNA-methylation status of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> was analyzed by means of MethyLight-technology in serum samples from 49 cervical cancer patients and 40 patients with diseases other than cancer. To compare this methylation analysis with another technique, we analyzed the samples with a denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC PCR-method. The specificity and sensitivity of <em>CDH1em> DNA-methylation measured by MethyLight was 75% and 55%, and for <em>CDH13em> DNA-methylation 95% and 10%. We identified a specificity of 92.5% and a sensitivity of only 27% for the <em>CDH1em> DHPLC-PCR analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that serum <em>CDH1em> methylation-positive patients had a 7.8-fold risk for death (95% CI: 2.2–27.7; <em>p> = 0.001 and a 92.8-fold risk for relapse (95% CI: 3.9–2207.1; <em>p> = 0.005. We concluded that the serological detection of <em>CDH1em> and <em>CDH13em> DNA-hypermethylation is not an ideal diagnostic tool due to low diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. However, it was validated that <em>CDH1em> methylation analysis in serum samples may be of potential use as a prognostic marker for cervical cancer patients.

  8. New open conformation of SMYD3 implicates conformational selection and allostery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicholas Spellmon

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available SMYD3 plays a key role in cancer cell viability, adhesion, migration and invasion. SMYD3 promotes formation of inducible regulatory T cells and is involved in reducing autoimmunity. However, the nearly “closed” substrate-binding site and poor in vitro H3K4 methyltransferase activity have obscured further understanding of this oncogenically related protein. Here we reveal that SMYD3 can adopt an “open” conformation using molecular dynamics simulation and small-angle X-ray scattering. This ligand-binding-capable open state is related to the crystal structure-like closed state by a striking clamshell-like inter-lobe dynamics. The two states are characterized by many distinct structural and dynamical differences and the conformational transition pathway is mediated by a reversible twisting motion of the C-terminal domain (CTD. The spontaneous transition from the closed to open states suggests two possible, mutually non-exclusive models for SMYD3 functional regulation and the conformational selection mechanism and allostery may regulate the catalytic or ligand binding competence of SMYD3. This study provides an immediate clue to the puzzling role of SMYD3 in epigenetic gene regulation.

  9. Reciprocity Outperforms Conformity to Promote Cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romano, Angelo; Balliet, Daniel

    2017-10-01

    Evolutionary psychologists have proposed two processes that could give rise to the pervasiveness of human cooperation observed among individuals who are not genetically related: reciprocity and conformity. We tested whether reciprocity outperformed conformity in promoting cooperation, especially when these psychological processes would promote a different cooperative or noncooperative response. To do so, across three studies, we observed participants' cooperation with a partner after learning (a) that their partner had behaved cooperatively (or not) on several previous trials and (b) that their group members had behaved cooperatively (or not) on several previous trials with that same partner. Although we found that people both reciprocate and conform, reciprocity has a stronger influence on cooperation. Moreover, we found that conformity can be partly explained by a concern about one's reputation-a finding that supports a reciprocity framework.

  10. Alteraciones estructurales de la glándula tiroidea tras la radioterapia Structural alterations of thyroid gland after radiotherapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caridad Verdecia Cañizares

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo de la presente publicación fue comunicar los casos detectados en nuestro estudio de anomalías estructurales de la glándula tiroidea en pacientes que recibieron radioterapia para el tratamiento de tumores malignos de cabeza y cuello. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones estructurales de la glándula tiroides en 43 pacientes sobrevivientes de tumores malignos de cabeza y cuello, que habían recibido radioterapia y que fueron atendidos en los Hospitales Pediátricos Docentes «William Soler» y «Juan Manuel Márquez» en un período de 10 años (1990 a 2000. RESULTADOS. La alteración estructural de la glándula tiroides más frecuente fue la fibrosis glandular (18,5 %, seguida del adenoma tiroideo y de quistes simples de la glándula (11,1 % respectivamente. Hubo 2 casos de carcinoma diferenciado de la glándula tiroides (7,4 % y uno de lesión mixta adenofolicular (3,7 %. La citología aspirativa con aguja fina permitió la detección de la mayoría de estas lesiones y posibilitó, guiada por ecografía, la detección de lesiones intraparenquimatosas de la glándula. El tratamiento de las alteraciones encontradas fue quirúrgico y se practicó tiroidectomía total a los dos pacientes con carcinoma diferenciado de la glándula tiroides, tiroidectomía subtotal a los tres pacientes con quistes de la glándula y adenomas tiroideos. En los casos de fibrosis glandular se detectó hipofunción tiroidea concomitante, por tanto se administró tratamiento sustitutivo con levotiroxina. CONCLUSIONES. La citología aspirativa con aguja fina guiada mediante ecografía de la glándula tiroides permitió diagnosticar alteraciones estructurales no detectadas en el examen físico. La patología maligna más irradiada correspondió a los linfomas no Hodgkin. Cuanto mayor es la dosis de irradiación, mayor es la patología tiroidea.INTRODUCTION: The aim of

  11. Estimate of the damage in organs induced by neutrons in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; Estimacion del dano en organos inducido por neutrones en radioterapia conformada en 3D

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Benites R, J. L. [Centro Estatal de Cancerologia de Nayarit, Servicio de Seguridad Radiologica, Calzada de la Cruz 118 sur, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit (Mexico); Vega C, H. R. [Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Academica de Estudios Nucleares, Cipres No. 10, Fracc. La Penuela, 98068 Zacatecas (Mexico); Uribe, M. del R., E-mail: jlbenitesr@prodigy.net.mx [Instituto Tecnico Superior de Radiologia, Calle Leon No. 129, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit (Mexico)

    2014-08-15

    By means of Monte Carlo methods was considered the damage in the organs, induced by neutrons, of patients with cancer that receive treatment in modality of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with lineal accelerator Varian Ix. The objective of this work was to estimate the damage probability in radiotherapy patients, starting from the effective dose by neutrons in the organs and tissues out of the treatment region. For that a three-dimensional mannequin of equivalent tissue of 30 x 100 x 30 cm{sup 3} was modeled and spherical cells were distributed to estimate the Kerma in equivalent tissue and the absorbed dose by neutrons. With the absorbed dose the effective dose was calculated using the weighting factors for the organ type and radiation type. With the effective dose and the damage factors, considered in the ICRP 103, was considered the probability of damage induction in organs. (Author)

  12. Extraction of Dihydroquercetin<em> em>from <em>Larix gmeliniem>i> em>with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuangang Zu

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available An ultrasound and microwave assisted alternant extraction method (UMAE was applied for extracting dihydroquercetin (DHQ from <em>Larix gmeliniem>i> wood. This investigation was conducted using 60% ethanol as solvent, 1:12 solid to liquid ratio, and 3 h soaking time. The optimum treatment time was ultrasound 40 min, microwave 20 min, respectively, and the extraction was performed once. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction yield of the target analyte was obtained. Relative to ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted method, the proposed approach provides higher extraction yield. The effect of DHQ of different concentrations and synthetic antioxidants on oxidative stability in soy bean oil stored for 20 days at different temperatures (25 °C and 60 °C was compared. DHQ was more effective in restraining soy bean oil oxidation, and a dose-response relationship was observed. The antioxidant activity of DHQ was a little stronger than that of BHA and BHT. Soy bean oil supplemented with 0.08 mg/g DHQ exhibited favorable antioxidant effects and is preferable for effectively avoiding oxidation. The <em>L. gmeliniiem> wood samples before and after extraction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the UMAE method is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation.

  13. Irreversibility and higher-spin conformal field theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anselmi, Damiano

    2000-08-01

    I discuss the properties of the central charges c and a for higher-derivative and higher-spin theories (spin 2 included). Ordinary gravity does not admit a straightforward identification of c and a in the trace anomaly, because it is not conformal. On the other hand, higher-derivative theories can be conformal, but have negative c and a. A third possibility is to consider higher-spin conformal field theories. They are not unitary, but have a variety of interesting properties. Bosonic conformal tensors have a positive-definite action, equal to the square of a field strength, and a higher-derivative gauge invariance. There exists a conserved spin-2 current (not the canonical stress tensor) defining positive central charges c and a. I calculate the values of c and a and study the operator-product structure. Higher-spin conformal spinors have no gauge invariance, admit a standard definition of c and a and can be coupled to Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in a renormalizable way. At the quantum level, they contribute to the one-loop beta function with the same sign as ordinary matter, admit a conformal window and non-trivial interacting fixed points. There are composite operators of high spin and low dimension, which violate the Ferrara-Gatto-Grillo theorem. Finally, other theories, such as conformal antisymmetric tensors, exhibit more severe internal problems. This research is motivated by the idea that fundamental quantum field theories should be renormalization-group (RG) interpolations between ultraviolet and infrared conformal fixed points, and quantum irreversibility should be a general principle of nature.

  14. Essential role of conformational selection in ligand binding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vogt, Austin D; Pozzi, Nicola; Chen, Zhiwei; Di Cera, Enrico

    2014-02-01

    Two competing and mutually exclusive mechanisms of ligand recognition - conformational selection and induced fit - have dominated our interpretation of ligand binding in biological macromolecules for almost six decades. Conformational selection posits the pre-existence of multiple conformations of the macromolecule from which the ligand selects the optimal one. Induced fit, on the other hand, postulates the existence of conformational rearrangements of the original conformation into an optimal one that are induced by binding of the ligand. In the former case, conformational transitions precede the binding event; in the latter, conformational changes follow the binding step. Kineticists have used a facile criterion to distinguish between the two mechanisms based on the dependence of the rate of relaxation to equilibrium, kobs, on the ligand concentration, [L]. A value of kobs decreasing hyperbolically with [L] has been seen as diagnostic of conformational selection, while a value of kobs increasing hyperbolically with [L] has been considered diagnostic of induced fit. However, this simple conclusion is only valid under the rather unrealistic assumption of conformational transitions being much slower than binding and dissociation events. In general, induced fit only produces values of kobs that increase with [L] but conformational selection is more versatile and is associated with values of kobs that increase with, decrease with or are independent of [L]. The richer repertoire of kinetic properties of conformational selection applies to kinetic mechanisms with single or multiple saturable relaxations and explains the behavior of nearly all experimental systems reported in the literature thus far. Conformational selection is always sufficient and often necessary to account for the relaxation kinetics of ligand binding to a biological macromolecule and is therefore an essential component of any binding mechanism. On the other hand, induced fit is never necessary and

  15. How <em>Varroa> Parasitism Affects the Immunological and Nutritional Status of the Honey Bee, <em>Apis melliferaem>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katherine A. Aronstein

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available We investigated the effect of the parasitic mite <em>Varroa destructorem> on the immunological and nutritional condition of honey bees, <em>Apis melliferaem>, from the perspective of the individual bee and the colony. Pupae, newly-emerged adults and foraging adults were sampled from honey bee colonies at one site in S. Texas, USA. <em>Varroa>‑infested bees displayed elevated titer of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV, suggestive of depressed capacity to limit viral replication. Expression of genes coding three anti-microbial peptides (<em>defensin1, abaecin, hymenoptaecinem> was either not significantly different between <em>Varroa>-infested and uninfested bees or was significantly elevated in <em>Varroa>-infested bees, varying with sampling date and bee developmental age. The effect of <em>Varroa> on nutritional indices of the bees was complex, with protein, triglyceride, glycogen and sugar levels strongly influenced by life-stage of the bee and individual colony. Protein content was depressed and free amino acid content elevated in <em>Varroa>-infested pupae, suggesting that protein synthesis, and consequently growth, may be limited in these insects. No simple relationship between the values of nutritional and immune-related indices was observed, and colony-scale effects were indicated by the reduced weight of pupae in colonies with high <em>Varroa> abundance, irrespective of whether the individual pupa bore <em>Varroa>.

  16. Vivenciando a experiência da parturição em um modelo assistencial humanizado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Larissa Mandarano da Silva

    Full Text Available Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado na abordagem fenomenológica com o objetivo de compreender as experiências de puérperas que vivenciaram o trabalho de parto e o parto em um modelo assistencial humanizado. Os dados foram coletados em um hospital localizado na cidade de São Paulo, onde foram entrevistadas oito puérperas. Da análise dos dados surgiram os temas: Suportando o trabalho de parto e Tendo a oportunidade de resgatar a autonomia, e o fenômeno desvelado foi "Vivendo a ambiguidade da parturição em um modelo assistencial humanizado". Os relatos evidenciaram sentimentos como dor, medo e ansiedade, porém, possibilitou a participação e resgate da autonomia. Embora o estudo tenha sido realizado em um modelo assistencial considerado humanizado, as experiências das puérperas revelam que ainda se distanciam de uma efetiva humanização, conforme seus princípios. Este estudo pode ser utilizado para nortear ações educativas voltadas à humanização e gerar mudanças assistenciais

  17. Rotational Spectroscopy Unveils Eleven Conformers of Adrenaline

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabezas, C.; Cortijo, V.; Mata, S.; Lopez, J. C.; Alonso, J. L.

    2013-06-01

    Recent improvements in our LA-MB-FTMW instrumentation have allowed the characterization of eleven and eight conformers for the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline respectively. The observation of this rich conformational behavior is in accordance with the recent observation of seven conformers for dopamine and in sharp contrast with the conformational reduction proposed for catecholamines. C. Cabezas, I. Peña, J. C. López, J. L. Alonso J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 486. H. Mitsuda, M. Miyazaki, I. B. Nielsen, P. Carcabal,C. Dedonder, C. Jouvet, S. Ishiuchi, M. Fujii J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 1130.

  18. Dilogarithm identities in conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nahm, W.; Recknagel, A.; Terhoeven, M.

    1992-11-01

    Dilogarithm identities for the central charges and conformal dimensions exist for at least large classes of rational conformally invariant quantum field theories in two dimensions. In many cases, proofs are not yet known but the numerical and structural evidence is convincing. In particular, close relations exist to fusion rules and partition identities. We describe some examples and ideas, and present conjectures useful for the classification of conformal theories. The mathematical structures seem to be dual to Thurston's program for the classification of 3-manifolds. (orig.)

  19. Conformational dynamics data bank: a database for conformational dynamics of proteins and supramolecular protein assemblies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Do-Nyun; Altschuler, Josiah; Strong, Campbell; McGill, Gaël; Bathe, Mark

    2011-01-01

    The conformational dynamics data bank (CDDB, http://www.cdyn.org) is a database that aims to provide comprehensive results on the conformational dynamics of high molecular weight proteins and protein assemblies. Analysis is performed using a recently introduced coarse-grained computational approach that is applied to the majority of structures present in the electron microscopy data bank (EMDB). Results include equilibrium thermal fluctuations and elastic strain energy distributions that identify rigid versus flexible protein domains generally, as well as those associated with specific functional transitions, and correlations in molecular motions that identify molecular regions that are highly coupled dynamically, with implications for allosteric mechanisms. A practical web-based search interface enables users to easily collect conformational dynamics data in various formats. The data bank is maintained and updated automatically to include conformational dynamics results for new structural entries as they become available in the EMDB. The CDDB complements static structural information to facilitate the investigation and interpretation of the biological function of proteins and protein assemblies essential to cell function.

  20. Conformational Analysis of Contrast Media for X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Solieman, A.H.M.

    2010-01-01

    The conformational analysis of iodinated non-ionic contrast agent, Iobitridol, was carried out using theoretical calculations to explore its conformational space, and to study different aspects connected with application of different search techniques. Monte Carlo (MC), random search (RS) and molecular dynamics (MD) based conformational search techniques were used to extract a reasonable-size sample that adequately represents and has an average behavior of the entire conformational ensemble.While MC is good for quick search for lowest energy conformer, RS is better in obtaining conformational sample that cover the whole conformational space and MD is the best for investigation of isomeric preferences inside the conformational ensemble at thermal equilibrium. Conformational analysis of the produced gas phase samples reveals that RS and MD methods could sufficiently present the 18 distinct isomeric classes that constitute the total conformational space of the Iobitridol. S samples of conformational space of Iobitridol are extensively studied, as it hypothetically cover the total conformational space. They are used to test the suitability of different methods (charge distribution methods, energy calculation methods) for Iobitridol molecular computations and internal structure forces (steric hindrance, resonance interaction), as well as dependences among the internal coordinates (dihedral angles correlations and coincidences). The atomic partial charge distribution is found to greatly affect the energy calculation for the molecular mechanics based conformational energy distributions. Further energy minimization of conformational sample by the quantum molecular orbital methods is crucial to obtain charge independent as well as energy balanced conformational sample.

  1. Trophic systems and chorology: data from shrews, moles and voles of Italy preyed by the barn owl / Sistemi trofici e corologia: dati su <em>Soricidae>, <em>Talpidae> ed <em>Arvicolidae> d'Italia predati da <em>Tyto albaem> (Scopoli 1769

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Longino Contoli

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In small Mammals biogeography, available data are up to now by far too scanty for elucidate the distribution of a lot of taxa, especially with regard to the absence from a given area. In this respect, standardized quantitative sampling techniques, like Owl pellets analysis can enable not only to enhance faunistic knowledges, but also to estimate the actual absence probability of a given taxon "m", lacking from the diet of an individual raptor. For the last purpose, the relevant frequencies of "m" in the other ecologically similar sites of the same raptor species diets are averaged ($f_m$ : the relevant standard error (multiplicated by a coefficient, according to the desired degree of accuracy, in relation of the integral of probabilities subtracted ($overline{F}_m - a E$: then, the probability that a single specimen is not pertaining to "m" is obtained ($P_0 = 1 - F_m + a E$; lastly, the desiderate accuracy probability ($P_d$ is chosen. Now, "$N_d$" (the number of individuals of all prey species in a single site needed for obtain, with the desired probability, a specimen at least of "m" is obtained through $$N = frac{ln P_d}{ln P_0}$$ Obviously, every site-diet with more than "N" preyed individuals and without any "i" specimen is considered to be lacking of such taxon. A "usefulness index" for the above purposes is outlined and checked about three raptors. Some exanples about usefulness of the Owl pellet analysis method in biogeography are given, concerning <em>Tyto albaem> diets in peninsular Italy about: - <em>Sorex minutusem>, lacking in some quite insulated areas; - <em>Sorex araneusem> (sensu stricto, after GRAF et al., 1979, present also in lowland areas in Emilia-Romagna; - <em>Crocidura suaveolensem> and - <em>Suncus etruscusem>, present also in the southermost part of Calabria (Reggio province; - <em>Talpa caecaem>, present also in the Antiapennines of Latium (Cimini mounts; - <em>Talpa romanaem

  2. Static validation of licence conformance policies

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Rene Rydhof; Nielson, Flemming; Nielson, Hanne Riis

    2008-01-01

    Policy conformance is a security property gaining importance due to commercial interest like Digital Rights Management. It is well known that static analysis can be used to validate a number of more classical security policies, such as discretionary and mandatory access control policies, as well...... as communication protocols using symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. In this work we show how to develop a Flow Logic for validating the conformance of client software with respect to a licence conformance policy. Our approach is sufficiently flexible that it extends to fully open systems that can admit new...

  3. The decomposition of global conformal invariants

    CERN Document Server

    Alexakis, Spyros

    2012-01-01

    This book addresses a basic question in differential geometry that was first considered by physicists Stanley Deser and Adam Schwimmer in 1993 in their study of conformal anomalies. The question concerns conformally invariant functionals on the space of Riemannian metrics over a given manifold. These functionals act on a metric by first constructing a Riemannian scalar out of it, and then integrating this scalar over the manifold. Suppose this integral remains invariant under conformal re-scalings of the underlying metric. What information can one then deduce about the Riemannian scalar? Dese

  4. 77 FR 14979 - Transportation Conformity Rule Restructuring Amendments

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-14

    ... Transportation Conformity Rule Restructuring Amendments AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: EPA is amending the transportation conformity rule to finalize provisions that were proposed on August 13, 2010. These amendments restructure several sections of the transportation conformity...

  5. Solid state conformational classification of eight-membered rings

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pérez, J.; García, L.; Kessler, M.

    2005-01-01

    A statistical classification of the solid state conformation in the title complexes using data retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) has been made. Phosphate and phosphinate complexes show a chair conformation preferably. In phosphonate complexes, the most frequent conformations...

  6. As histórias em quadrinhos e suas extensões em produtos midiáticos: a narrativa transmidiática de The Walking Dead = Comics and its extensions in media products: transmedia storytelling in “The Walking Dead”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bona, Rafael Jose

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Henry Jenkins (2009 diz que uma narrativa transmídia é construída para atrair os mais diversos públicos, adaptando seu texto e conteúdo conforme necessidade de cada suporte midiático. Dentro dessa realidade, surgiu o objetivo deste trabalho, que foi estudar e analisar a narrativa transmídia em The Walking Dead. Para o estudo, foi selecionado a história em quadrinhos The Walking Dead (2003 e suas transposições narrativas para: seriado de televisão (2010, web série (2011 e game (2012, que levam o mesmo nome. Os resultados demonstram que a ligação entre os conteúdos deu-se por meio de extensões das histórias e por suas apresentações visuais nos diferentes suportes que fazem parte do universo da franquia em questão

  7. Conformational analysis of 9β,19-cyclopropyl sterols: Detection of the pseudoplanar conformer by nuclear Overhauser effects and its functional implications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nes, W.D.; Benson, M.; Lundin, R.E.; Le, P.H.

    1988-01-01

    Nuclear Overhauser difference spectroscopy and variable temperature studies of the 9β,19-cyclopropyl sterols 24,25-dehydropollinastanol (4,4-desmethyl-5α-cycloart-24-en-3β-ol) and cyclolaudenol [(24S)-24-methyl-5α-cycloart-25(27)-en-3β-ol] have shown the solution conformation of the B/C rings to be twist-chair/twist-boat rather than boat/chair as suggested in the literature. This is very similar to the known crystal structure conformation of 9β,19-cyclopropyl sterols. The effect of these conformations on the molecular shape is highly significant; the first conformation orients into a pseudoplanar or flat shape analogous to lanosterol, whereas the latter conformation exhibits a bent shape. The results are interpreted to imply that, for conformational reasons, cyclopropyl sterols can be expected to maintain the pseudoplanar shape in membrane bilayers

  8. Application of Conformational Space Search in Drug Action | Adikwu ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The role of conformational space in drug action is presented. Two examples of molecules in different therapeutic groups are presented. Conformational space search will lead to isolating the exact conformation with the desired medicinal properties. Many conformations of a plant isolate may exist which are active, weakly ...

  9. Defects in conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Billò, Marco; Gonçalves, Vasco; Lauria, Edoardo; Meineri, Marco

    2016-01-01

    We discuss consequences of the breaking of conformal symmetry by a flat or spherical extended operator. We adapt the embedding formalism to the study of correlation functions of symmetric traceless tensors in the presence of the defect. Two-point functions of a bulk and a defect primary are fixed by conformal invariance up to a set of OPE coefficients, and we identify the allowed tensor structures. A correlator of two bulk primaries depends on two cross-ratios, and we study its conformal block decomposition in the case of external scalars. The Casimir equation in the defect channel reduces to a hypergeometric equation, while the bulk channel blocks are recursively determined in the light-cone limit. In the special case of a defect of codimension two, we map the Casimir equation in the bulk channel to the one of a four-point function without defect. Finally, we analyze the contact terms of the stress-tensor with the extended operator, and we deduce constraints on the CFT data. In two dimensions, we relate the displacement operator, which appears among the contact terms, to the reflection coefficient of a conformal interface, and we find unitarity bounds for the latter.

  10. Defects in conformal field theory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Billò, Marco [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - sezione di Torino,Via P. Giuria 1 I-10125 Torino (Italy); Gonçalves, Vasco [Centro de Física do Porto,Departamento de Física e Astronomia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal); ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research Instituto de Física Teórica,UNESP - University Estadual Paulista,Rua Dr. Bento T. Ferraz 271, 01140-070, São Paulo, SP (Brazil); Lauria, Edoardo [Institute for Theoretical Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Meineri, Marco [Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics,Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 2Y5 (Canada); Scuola Normale Superiore, and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - sezione di Pisa,Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 I-56126 Pisa (Italy)

    2016-04-15

    We discuss consequences of the breaking of conformal symmetry by a flat or spherical extended operator. We adapt the embedding formalism to the study of correlation functions of symmetric traceless tensors in the presence of the defect. Two-point functions of a bulk and a defect primary are fixed by conformal invariance up to a set of OPE coefficients, and we identify the allowed tensor structures. A correlator of two bulk primaries depends on two cross-ratios, and we study its conformal block decomposition in the case of external scalars. The Casimir equation in the defect channel reduces to a hypergeometric equation, while the bulk channel blocks are recursively determined in the light-cone limit. In the special case of a defect of codimension two, we map the Casimir equation in the bulk channel to the one of a four-point function without defect. Finally, we analyze the contact terms of the stress-tensor with the extended operator, and we deduce constraints on the CFT data. In two dimensions, we relate the displacement operator, which appears among the contact terms, to the reflection coefficient of a conformal interface, and we find unitarity bounds for the latter.

  11. Meningiomas do seio cavernoso: correlação entre a extensão de ressecção cirúrgica e lesões neurovasculares em 16 pacientes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Landeiro José Alberto

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available O tratamento ideal dos meningiomas do seio cavernoso é remover a lesão sem morbidade ou mortalidade. Foram estudados 16 pacientes portadores de meningiomas do seio cavernoso, sendo 11 do sexo feminino e 5 do sexo masculino, cujas idades variaram de 31 a 63 anos e que foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. Analisou-se a extensão da remoção tumoral baseado na escala de De Monte, a função pré e pós-operatória dos nervos cranianos, as complicações, a mortalidade cirúrgica e o grau de envolvimento da porção cavernosa da artéria carótida interna. A remoção total foi conseguida em seis pacientes. Dos 10 pacientes nos quais não se conseguiu a remoção total, um faleceu no pós-operatório imediato e quatro foram submetidos à radioterapia. A morbidade nos nervos cranianos que controlam os movimentos extrínsecos oculares foi de 24%: não houve melhora da função trigeminal e cinco novas raízes foram afetadas. A recidiva tumoral ocorreu em dois pacientes com remoção incompleta e em um com ressecção total. A média de seguimento pós-operatório foi de 26 meses. De acordo com estes dados concluímos: 1 a remoção total do tumor depende do grau de envolvimento da artéria carótida interna e seus ramos; 2 a remoção total dos meningiomas restritos ao seio cavernoso é difícil; 3 a morbidade dos nervos cranianos é significativa; 4 a ressecção subtotal é um método eficaz para o controle da doença.

  12. Sarcoma granulocítico multicêntrico como recidiva de leucemia mieloide aguda Multicentric granulocytic sarcoma as relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Taciana G. S. Aguiar

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Sarcoma granulocítico (SG é um tumor sólido extramedular, constituído por células precursoras de granulócitos. É geralmente associado a leucemia mieloide aguda ou raramente a outras desordens mieloproliferativas. O tumor geralmente ocorre precedendo uma leucemia mieloide aguda, durante o seu curso ou após a remissão ter sido alcançada. O prognóstico é pobre e tem como principais modalidades terapêuticas a quimioterapia e a radioterapia. Relata- se um caso de SG multicêntrico, de evolução rápida, com acometimento difuso de pele, mamas, gânglios linfáticos, tecido celular subcutâneo e líquor, em mulher de 45 anos, fora de tratamento para leucemia mieloide aguda e em remissão hematológica há 18 meses. A paciente apresentava dor intensa em membro inferior direito há uma semana e estava em anticoagulação oral há seis meses por trombose venosa profunda neste membro. Diagnosticado o SG, a paciente foi tratada com radioterapia e quimioterapia com boa resposta. Após três meses de seguimento, em vigência do tratamento quimioterápico, evoluiu com recidiva do SG neste membro, associado ao acometimento das mamas e posteriormente do sistema nervoso central, evoluindo para óbito em aplasia e sepses.Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary solid tumor consisting of immature granulocytic cells. It is often associated with acute myelogenous leukemia and more rarely with other myeloproliferative disorders. The tumor generally occurs before acute myeloid leukemia, during its course or after disease remission. It has a poor prognosis with the main therapeutic options being chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A multicentric accelerated case of granulocytic sarcoma of a 45- year- old woman with diffuse skin, breast, lymphatic ganglia and subcutaneous tissue presentations no longer undergoing treatment for acute myeloid leukemia and in hematologic remission for 18 months is reported. The patient presented with severe pain of right lower

  13. Estudo do comportamento do chassi de veículo em espuma metálica submetido a teste de impacto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Cardoso

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available O estudo de espumas metálicas tornou-se atrativo para pesquisadores, tanto da área científica acadêmica quanto industrial, devido às suas propriedades. As espumas metálicas possuem baixa densidade e propriedades físicas, mecânicas e acústicas peculiares, trazendo grandes vantagens em termos de peso e resistência. A ênfase deste trabalho está dirigida ao emprego da espuma metálica no design automotivo com o propósito de estudar o comportamento mecânico e possíveis alternativas de projeto com a utilização deste material para absorção da energia de impacto através da modelagem e conseqüente simulação computacional do modelo conforme estudo de caso: chassi do veículo Sabiá 5 no software para análise do comportamento estrutural pelo método dos elementos finitos ABAQUS-CAE. Muitos materiais celulares são excelentes absorvedores da energia de impacto, apresentando grandes deformações a níveis praticamente constantes de tensão. Quando fala-se em segurança veicular, os crash tests são os mais lembrados. Estes ensaios, por serem considerados uma excelente ferramenta de engenharia, constituem-se em uma poderosa forma de se avaliar e propor soluções no que diz respeito à proteção dos ocupantes em colisões veiculares. Para esta finalidade, segundo os crash tests virtuais realizados, a espuma metálica mostrou-se ideal conforme os resultados apresentados.

  14. UV conformal window for asymptotic safety

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bond, Andrew D.; Litim, Daniel F.; Vazquez, Gustavo Medina; Steudtner, Tom

    2018-02-01

    Interacting fixed points in four-dimensional gauge theories coupled to matter are investigated using perturbation theory up to three loop order. It is shown how fixed points, scaling exponents, and anomalous dimensions are obtained as a systematic power series in a small parameter. The underlying ordering principle is explained and contrasted with conventional perturbation theory and Weyl consistency conditions. We then determine the conformal window with asymptotic safety from the complete next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory. Limits for the conformal window arise due to fixed point mergers, the onset of strong coupling, or vacuum instability. A consistent picture is uncovered by comparing various levels of approximation. The theory remains perturbative in the entire conformal window, with vacuum stability dictating the tightest constraints. We also speculate about a secondary conformal window at strong coupling and estimate its lower limit. Implications for model building and cosmology are indicated.

  15. Irregular conformal block, spectral curve and flow equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choi, Sang Kwan; Rim, Chaiho; Zhang, Hong

    2016-01-01

    Irregular conformal block is motivated by the Argyres-Douglas type of N=2 super conformal gauge theory. We investigate the classical/NS limit of irregular conformal block using the spectral curve on a Riemann surface with irregular punctures, which is equivalent to the loop equation of irregular matrix model. The spectral curve is reduced to the second order (Virasoro symmetry, SU(2) for the gauge theory) and third order (W_3 symmetry, SU(3)) differential equations of a polynomial with finite degree. The conformal and W symmetry generate the flow equations in the spectral curve and determine the irregular conformal block, hence the partition function of the Argyres-Douglas theory ala AGT conjecture.

  16. Scalar perturbations and conformal transformation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fabris, J.C.; Tossa, J.

    1995-11-01

    The non-minimal coupling of gravity to a scalar field can be transformed into a minimal coupling through a conformal transformation. We show how to connect the results of a perturbation calculation, performed around a Friedman-Robertson-Walker background solution, before and after the conformal transformation. We work in the synchronous gauge, but we discuss the implications of employing other frames. (author). 16 refs

  17. Radiation therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Radioterapia para oftalmopatia de Graves: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise de ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Arruda Viani

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT with total dose of 20 Gy (RT 20 Gy in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed comparing RT 20 Gy with or without glucocorticoid to clinical treatments for Graves' ophthalmopathy. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and recent relevant journals were searched. Relevant reports were reviewed by two reviewers. Response to radiotherapy was defined as clinical success according to each trial. We also evaluated the quality of life and whether RT to produce fewer side effects than other treatments. RESULTS: A total of 8 randomized controlled trials (439 patients were identified. In the subgroup analysis, the overall response to treatment rates was better for: RT 20 Gy plus glucocorticoid vs glucocorticoids alone, OR=17.5 (CI95% 1.85-250, p=0.04, RT 20 Gy vs sham RT, OR= 3.15 (CI95%1.59-6.23, p=0.003 and RT 20Gy plus intravenous glucocorticoid vs RT 20Gy plus oral glucocorticoid, OR=4.15(CI95% 1.34-12.87, p=0.01. There were no differences between RT 20 Gy versus other fractionations and RT 20 Gy versus glucocorticoid alone. RT 20 Gy with or without glucocorticoids showed an improvement in diplopia grade, visual acuity, optic neuropathy, lid width, proptosis and ocular motility. No difference was seen for costs, intraocular pressure and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Our data have shown that RT 20 Gy should be offered as a valid therapeutic option to patients with moderate to severe ophthalmopathy. The effectiveness of orbital radiotherapy can be increased by the synergistic interaction with glucocorticoids. Moreover, RT 20 Gy is useful to improve a lot of ocular symptoms, excluding intraocular pressure, without any difference in quality of life and costs.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da radioterapia (RT com dose total de 20 Gy (RT 20 Gy no tratamento da oftalmopatia de Graves. MÉTODOS: Uma revis

  18. 49 CFR 577.9 - Conformity to statutory requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conformity to statutory requirements. 577.9 Section 577.9 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY... NOTIFICATION § 577.9 Conformity to statutory requirements. A notification that does not conform to the...

  19. 20 CFR 604.6 - Conformity and substantial compliance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conformity and substantial compliance. 604.6... FOR ELIGIBILITY FOR UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 604.6 Conformity and substantial compliance. (a) In... for the administration of its UC program. (b) Resolving Issues of Conformity and Substantial...

  20. Vertex operator algebras and conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Y.Z.

    1992-01-01

    This paper discusses conformal field theory, an important physical theory, describing both two-dimensional critical phenomena in condensed matter physics and classical motions of strings in string theory. The study of conformal field theory will deepen the understanding of these theories and will help to understand string theory conceptually. Besides its importance in physics, the beautiful and rich mathematical structure of conformal field theory has interested many mathematicians. New relations between different branches of mathematics, such as representations of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and Lie groups, Riemann surfaces and algebraic curves, the Monster sporadic group, modular functions and modular forms, elliptic genera and elliptic cohomology, Calabi-Yau manifolds, tensor categories, and knot theory, are revealed in the study of conformal field theory. It is therefore believed that the study of the mathematics involved in conformal field theory will ultimately lead to new mathematical structures which would be important to both mathematics and physics

  1. The butane condensed matter conformational problem

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Weber, A.C.J.; de Lange, C.A.; Meerts, W.L.; Burnell, E.E.

    2010-01-01

    From the dipolar couplings of orientationally ordered n-butane obtained by NMR spectroscopy we have calculated conformer probabilities using the modified Chord (Cd) and Size-and-Shape (CI) models to estimate the conformational dependence of the order matrix. All calculation methods make use of

  2. Conformal invariance and two-dimensional physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zuber, J.B.

    1993-01-01

    Actually, physicists and mathematicians are very interested in conformal invariance: geometric transformations which keep angles. This symmetry is very important for two-dimensional systems as phase transitions, string theory or node mathematics. In this article, the author presents the conformal invariance and explains its usefulness

  3. Carcinoma do pulmão de pequenas células – Estado da arte e perspectivas futuras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando J. Barata

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Em Portugal, o cancro do pulmão é a principal causa de morte entre as neoplasias. Em 2006 são previstos mais de 3500 novos casos, dos quais 20% serão diagnosticados como carcinoma do pulmão de pequenas células (CPPC. Destes, 25% a 30% dos doentes serão estadiados como doença localizada ou regional. Para estes, a opção terapêutica passa pela combinação da radioterapia (50 Gy ou 60 Gy diária e quimioterapia. A radioterapia hiperfraccionada, em consequência da sua toxicidade, está limitada a doentes seleccionados.A combinação etopósido e cisplatina é sinérgica, bem tolerada. É o regimen standard quer na opção concomitante com a radioterapia, quer isoladamente na doença disseminada.Apesar da quimiossensibilidade e radiosensibilidade, o prognóstico global do CPPC é pobre. Há um desenvolvimento precoce de resistência associado a uma elevada predisposição para a recidiva.A terapêutica de segunda linha para o CPPC é um problema real e actual. Topotecano é hoje uma opção efectiva e bem tolerada no tratamento em segunda linha do CPPC. Há um aumento significativo da sobrevivência mediana versus a terapêutica sintomática. A sua eficácia é comparável ao clássico regimen CAV. Mostra boa tolerabilidade mesmo quando administrado em doentes idosos, com PS=2. Continua a ser bem tolerado e eficaz quando combinado com a radioterapia holocraniana cerebral ou quando administrado num esquema semanal.Com novas classes de fármacos, como agentes antiangiogénicos como o bevacizumab, inibidores da tirosina quinase e talidomida, decorrem ensaios avaliando a sua associação com a clássica quimioterapia em doentes com CPPC disseminada. Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in Portugal. Almost 3500 Portuguese are expected to be diagnosed with lung cancer in 2006; approximately 20% will have small

  4. Proximate Composition, Nutritional Attributes and Mineral Composition of <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> L. (Ketumpangan Air Grown in Malaysia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maznah Ismail

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available This study presents the proximate and mineral composition of <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> L., an underexploited weed plant in Malaysia. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods and mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> to be rich in crude protein, carbohydrate and total ash contents. The high amount of total ash (31.22% suggests a high-value mineral composition comprising potassium, calcium and iron as the main elements. The present study inferred that <em>Peperomia> <em>pellucida> would serve as a good source of protein and energy as well as micronutrients in the form of a leafy vegetable for human consumption.

  5. Geometrical formulation of the conformal Ward identity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kachkachi, M.

    2002-08-01

    In this paper we use deep ideas in complex geometry that proved to be very powerful in unveiling the Polyakov measure on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces and lead to obtain the partition function of perturbative string theory for 2, 3, 4 loops. Indeed, a geometrical interpretation of the conformal Ward identity in two dimensional conformal field theory is proposed: the conformal anomaly is interpreted as a deformation of the complex structure of the basic Riemann surface. This point of view is in line with the modern trend of geometric quantizations that are based on deformations of classical structures. Then, we solve the conformal Ward identity by using this geometrical formalism. (author)

  6. Riemann monodromy problem and conformal field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blok, B.

    1989-01-01

    A systematic analysis of the use of the Riemann monodromy problem for determining correlators (conformal blocks) on the sphere is presented. The monodromy data is constructed in terms of the braid matrices and gives a constraint on the noninteger part of the conformal dimensions of the primary fields. To determine the conformal blocks we need to know the order of singularities. We establish a criterion which tells us when the knowledge of the conformal dimensions of primary fields suffice to determine the blocks. When zero modes of the extended algebra are present the analysis is more difficult. In this case we give a conjecture that works for the SU(2) WZW case. (orig.)

  7. Mathematical Model for Collision-Coalescence Among Inclusions in the Bloom Continuous Caster with M-EMS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lei, Hong; Jiang, Jimin; Yang, Bin; Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Hongwei; Wang, Weixian; Dong, Guiwen

    2018-04-01

    Mathematical simulation is an effective tool to analyze the fluid flow and the inclusion behavior in the bloom continuous caster with mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). The mathematical model is applied to the modeling of magnetic field, flow field, and inclusion field. Due to the introduction of Archimedes force, the collision mechanism and inclusion's slipping velocity should be modified in the inclusion mass and population conservation model. Numerically predicted magnetic field, flow field, and the inclusion spatial distribution conform to the experimental results in the existing literature. Lorentz force plays an important role in the fluid flow, and Archimedes force plays an important role in the inclusion distribution in the continuous caster. Due to Brownian collision, Stokes collision, Archimedes collision, and turbulent collision, the coalescence among inclusions occurs in the bloom continuous caster with M-EMS. Among the four types of collisions, turbulent collision occurs most frequently, followed by Archimedes collision and Stokes collision. The frequency of Brownian collision is several orders of magnitudes smaller and is therefore negligible. The inclusion volume concentration, number density, and characteristic radius exhibit a U-shape in the continuous caster without M-EMS. However, with M-EMS, they exhibit an inverted U-shape.

  8. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extracts and Fractionation of Different Parts of <em>Elsholtzia em>ciliata>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuangang Zu

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of extract and fractions from various parts of <em>Elsholtzia ciliataem>. The inflorescences, leaves, stems and roots of <em>E. ciliataem> were extracted separately and two phenolic component enrichment methods: ethyl acetate-water liquid-liquid extraction and macroporous resin adsorption-desorption, were adopted in this study. The antioxidant activities of water extracts and fractions of <em>E. ciliataem> were examined using different assay model systems <em>in vitroem>. The fraction root E (purified by HPD300 macroporous resin exhibited the highest total phenolics content (497.2 ± 24.9 mg GAE/g, accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity against various antioxidant systems <em>in vitroem> compared to other fractions. On the basis of the results obtained, <em>E. ciliataem> extracts can be used potentially as a ready accessible and valuable bioactive source of natural antioxidants.

  9. Tratamento medicamentoso da insuficiência cardíaca em hospital terciário de São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barretto Antonio Carlos Pereira

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar como são tratados pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC em hospital terciário de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Analisados 100 pacientes com IC, em tratamento ambulatorial, com idade média de 56,8 anos, sendo 76 homens. Todos realizaram estudo ecocardiográfico, que identificou diâmetros ventriculares entre 48 e 89mm (média 65,9 e fração de ejeção (FE entre 0,22 e 0,59 (média 0,43. A etiologia da disfunção ventricular (DV foi isquêmica em 42 casos, cardiomiopatia dilatada em 28, secundária à valvopatia em 12, doença de Chagas em 10 e cardiomiopatia hipertensiva em 8. Analisou-se a terapêutica prescrita, se continha inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA e qual a sua dosagem. Foi analisado, também, se a etiologia ou o grau de DV tinha influência na prescrição. RESULTADOS: Oitenta e sete pacientes receberam IECA, sendo que em 31 a dose foi inferior à preconizada nos grandes estudos. Digoxina foi prescrita em 69 casos, diuréticos em 85 e ácido acetilsalicílico em 33. Dividindo os pacientes em dois grupos, com FE maior e menor que 0,45, observamos que, no último, foi maior a prescrição de IECA (91,5% vs 80,4% e maior o uso de doses adequadas (61% vs 48,7%. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes foi tratada conforme recomendações atuais, apresentando boa tolerabilidade para IECA, contudo 1/3 deles não usou IECA em dose considerada adequada. Esquemas terapêuticos com betabloqueadores e inibidores da angiotensina II não fizeram parte da prática clínica rotineira.

  10. Conformal field theories and tensor categories. Proceedings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bai, Chengming [Nankai Univ., Tianjin (China). Chern Institute of Mathematics; Fuchs, Juergen [Karlstad Univ. (Sweden). Theoretical Physics; Huang, Yi-Zhi [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States). Dept. of Mathematics; Kong, Liang [Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Inst. for Advanced Study; Runkel, Ingo; Schweigert, Christoph (eds.) [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Mathematics

    2014-08-01

    First book devoted completely to the mathematics of conformal field theories, tensor categories and their applications. Contributors include both mathematicians and physicists. Some long expository articles are especially suitable for beginners. The present volume is a collection of seven papers that are either based on the talks presented at the workshop ''Conformal field theories and tensor categories'' held June 13 to June 17, 2011 at the Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, or are extensions of the material presented in the talks at the workshop. These papers present new developments beyond rational conformal field theories and modular tensor categories and new applications in mathematics and physics. The topics covered include tensor categories from representation categories of Hopf algebras, applications of conformal field theories and tensor categories to topological phases and gapped systems, logarithmic conformal field theories and the corresponding non-semisimple tensor categories, and new developments in the representation theory of vertex operator algebras. Some of the papers contain detailed introductory material that is helpful for graduate students and researchers looking for an introduction to these research directions. The papers also discuss exciting recent developments in the area of conformal field theories, tensor categories and their applications and will be extremely useful for researchers working in these areas.

  11. Conformal field theories and tensor categories. Proceedings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bai, Chengming; Fuchs, Juergen; Huang, Yi-Zhi; Kong, Liang; Runkel, Ingo; Schweigert, Christoph

    2014-01-01

    First book devoted completely to the mathematics of conformal field theories, tensor categories and their applications. Contributors include both mathematicians and physicists. Some long expository articles are especially suitable for beginners. The present volume is a collection of seven papers that are either based on the talks presented at the workshop ''Conformal field theories and tensor categories'' held June 13 to June 17, 2011 at the Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, or are extensions of the material presented in the talks at the workshop. These papers present new developments beyond rational conformal field theories and modular tensor categories and new applications in mathematics and physics. The topics covered include tensor categories from representation categories of Hopf algebras, applications of conformal field theories and tensor categories to topological phases and gapped systems, logarithmic conformal field theories and the corresponding non-semisimple tensor categories, and new developments in the representation theory of vertex operator algebras. Some of the papers contain detailed introductory material that is helpful for graduate students and researchers looking for an introduction to these research directions. The papers also discuss exciting recent developments in the area of conformal field theories, tensor categories and their applications and will be extremely useful for researchers working in these areas.

  12. Análise da medição do raio solar em ultravioleta

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saraiva, A. C. V.; Giménez de Castro, C. G.; Costa, J. E. R.; Selhorst, C. L.; Simões, P. J. A.

    2003-08-01

    A medição acurada do raio solar em qualquer banda do espectro eletromagnético é de relevância na formulação e calibração de modelos da estrutura e atmosfera solar. Esses modelos atribuem emissão do contínuo do Sol calmo em microondas à mesma região da linha Ha do Hell. Apresentamos a medição do raio solar em UV com imagens do EIT (Extreme Ultraviolet Image Telescope) entre 1996 e 2002, no comprimento de onda 30,9 nm (Ha do Hell), que se forma na região de transição/cromosfera solar. A técnica utilizada para o cálculo do raio UV foi baseada na transformada Wavelet B3spline. Fizemos um banco de dados com 1 imagem por dia durante o período citado. Obtivemos como resultado o raio médio da ordem de 975.61" e uma diminuição do mesmo para o período citado variando em média -0,45" /ano. Comparamos estes dados com os valores obtidos pelo ROI (Radio Observatório de Itapetinga) em 22/48 GHz e Nobeyama Radio Heliograph em 17 GHz mostrando que os raios médios são muito próximos o que indica que a região de formação nessas freqüências é a mesma conforme os modelos. Comparamos os resultados também com outros índices de atividade solar.

  13. Conformal anomaly actions for dilaton interactions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rose Luigi Delle

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We discuss, in conformally invariant field theories such as QCD with massless fermions, a possible link between the perturbative signature of the conformal anomaly, in the form of anomaly poles of the 1-particle irreducible effective action, and its descrip- tion in terms of Wess-Zumino actions with a dilaton. The two descriptions are expected to capture the UV and IR behaviour of the conformal anomaly, in terms of fundamental and effective degrees of freedom respectively, with the dilaton effective state appearing in a nonlinear realization. As in the chiral case, conformal anomalies seem to be related to the appearance of these effective interactions in the 1PI action in all the gauge-invariant sectors of the Standard Model. We show that, as a consequence of the underlying anomalous symmetry, the infinite hierarchy of recurrence relations involving self-interactions of the dilaton is entirely determined only by the first four of them. This relation can be generalized to any even space-time dimension.

  14. Seletividade de agrotóxicos utilizados em pessegueiro sobre ovos e pupas do predador Chrysoperla externa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo Vargas Castilhos

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade de dezenove agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro sobre ovos e pupas do predador Chrysoperla externa em condições laboratoriais (temperatura 25±1ºC, umidade relativa 70±10% e fotofase 14 horas. Os agrotóxicos foram pulverizados diretamente sobre ovos e pupas por meio de uma torre de Potter, utilizando a máxima dosagem recomendada para a cultura do pessegueiro. Foi avaliada a viabilidade de ovos e pupas, além da fecundidade e fertilidade de adultos emergidos de pupas tratadas. Os agrotóxicos foram classificados para ovos em função da redução na eclosão e, para pupas, em função do efeito total, conforme a escala de toxicidade proposta pela IOBC. A maioria dos agrotóxicos avaliados (8 inseticidas, 8 fungicidas e 2 herbicidas se mostrou inócua (classe 1 a ovos e pupas, com redução na eclosão de larvas e efeito total em pupas inferiores a 30%. A exceção se deu para o inseticida óleo mineral, que reduziu a eclosão de larvas em 69,55% quando pulverizado em ovos e proporcionou efeito total em pupas de 36,22%, sendo classificado como levemente nocivo (classe 2 a ovos e pupas de C. externa

  15. Invariants for minimal conformal supergravity in six dimensions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Butter, Daniel [Nikhef Theory Group,Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam (Netherlands); Kuzenko, Sergei M. [School of Physics M013, The University of Western Australia,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley W.A. 6009 (Australia); Novak, Joseph; Theisen, Stefan [Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut,Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm (Germany)

    2016-12-15

    We develop a new off-shell formulation for six-dimensional conformal supergravity obtained by gauging the 6D N=(1,0) superconformal algebra in superspace. This formulation is employed to construct two invariants for 6D N=(1,0) conformal supergravity, which contain C{sup 3} and C◻C terms at the component level. Using a conformal supercurrent analysis, we prove that these exhaust all such invariants in minimal conformal supergravity. Finally, we show how to construct the supersymmetric F◻F invariant in curved superspace.

  16. A Mediated Moderation Model of Conformative Peer Bullying

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Yoonju; Chung, Ock-Boon

    2012-01-01

    We investigated the relationship between conformative peer bullying and issues of peer conformity among adolescents. This relationship is examined through the establishment of a mediated moderation model for conformative peer bullying using structural equation modeling in a sample of 391 second-year middle school students in Seoul, South Korea. We…

  17. {kappa}-deformed realization of D=4 conformal algebra

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klimek, M. [Technical Univ. of Czestochowa, Inst. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Czestochowa (Poland); Lukierski, J. [Universite de Geneve, Department de Physique Theorique, Geneve (Switzerland)

    1995-07-01

    We describe the generators of {kappa}-conformal transformations, leaving invariant the {kappa}-deformed d`Alembert equation. In such a way one obtains the conformal extension of-shell spin spin zero realization of {kappa}-deformed Poincare algebra. Finally the algebraic structure of {kappa}-deformed conformal algebra is discussed. (author). 23 refs.

  18. Selective stimulation of conformational conversions in free molecules

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ismailzade, G.I.; Movsumov, I.Z.; Menzeleev, M.R.; Kazymova, S.B.

    2014-01-01

    Application of double-resonance (RF-MW, IR-MW, MW-MW) methods to enhance studies of unstable isomeric structures was discussed. The use of infrared pump radiation to excite conformational energy levels in order to stimulate selectively conformational conversions and to correct spectral line intensities of separate conformations was substantiated. (authors)

  19. Allometric and Isometric variations in the Italian <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem> and <em>Apodemus flavicollisem> with respect to the conditions of allopatry and sympatry / Variazioni allometriche e isometriche in <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem> e <em>Apodemus flavicollisem> italiani, rispetto alle condizioni di allopatria e simpatria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Amori

    1986-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In Italy there are two species of <em>Apodemus> (<em>Sylvaemus>: <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem> on the mainland and the main island, and <em>Apodemus flavicollisem> only on the mainland. The trend of some morphometric characters of the skull (incisive foramen length - FI; interorbital breadth = IO; length of palatal bridge = PP; upper alveolar length = $M^1M^3$ was analized and some theoretical models verified for <em>A. sylvaticusem>. If one considers the sympatric population of <em>A. sylvaticusem> and <em>A. flavicollisem> simultaneously the characters PP, IO and $M^1M^3$ appear significantly isometric being directly correlated ($P leq O.O1$, while FI character results allometric with respect to the previous ones, as expected. If one considers the sympatric populations of each of the species separately, the scenario is different. For <em>A. sylvaticusem> only PP and $M^1M^3$ are isometric ($P leq 0.05$. For <em>A. flavicollisem> only $M^1M^3$ and FI appear to be correlated, although not as significantly as for <em>A. sylvaticusem> ($P le 0.05$; one tail. The insular populations of <em>A. sylvaticusem> do not show significant correlations, except for FI and $M^1M^3$ ($P le 0.05$. On the contrary, considering all populations, sympatric and allopatric, of <em>A. sylvaticusem> at the same time are significant correlations ($P le 0.05$ in all combinations of characters, except for those involving the IO. We suggest that the isometric relations in sympatric assemblages are confined within a morphological range available to the genus <em>Apodemus>. In such a space, the two species are split in two different and innerly homogeneous distributions. We found no evidence to confirm the niche variation hypothesis. On the contrary, the variability expressed as SO or CV's appears higher in the sympatric populations than in the allopatric ones, for three of the four characters, confirming previous results

  20. A Novel Apoptosis Correlated Molecule: Expression and Characterization of Protein Latcripin-1 from <em>Lentinula em>edodes> C91–3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Min Huang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available An apoptosis correlated molecule—protein Latcripin-1 of <em>Lentinula> edodesem> C91-3—was expressed and characterized in <em>Pichia pastorisem> GS115. The total RNA was obtained from <em>Lentinula edodesem> C91–3. According to the transcriptome, the full-length gene of Latcripin-1 was isolated with 3'-Full Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE and 5'-Full RACE methods. The full-length gene was inserted into the secretory expression vector pPIC9K. The protein Latcripin-1 was expressed in <em>Pichia pastorisem> GS115 and analyzed by Sodium Dodecylsulfonate Polyacrylate Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The Western blot showed that the protein was expressed successfully. The biological function of protein Latcripin-1 on A549 cells was studied with flow cytometry and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-Diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide (MTT method. The toxic effect of protein Latcripin-1 was detected with the MTT method by co-culturing the characterized protein with chick embryo fibroblasts. The MTT assay results showed that there was a great difference between protein Latcripin-1 groups and the control group (<em>p em>< 0.05. There was no toxic effect of the characterized protein on chick embryo fibroblasts. The flow cytometry showed that there was a significant difference between the protein groups of interest and the control group according to apoptosis function (<em>p em>< 0.05. At the same time, cell ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscopy supported the results of flow cytometry. The work demonstrates that protein Latcripin-1 can induce apoptosis of human lung cancer cells A549 and brings new insights into and advantages to finding anti-tumor proteins.

  1. Elementary introduction to conformal invariance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grandati, Y.

    1992-01-01

    These notes constitute an elementary introduction to the concept of conformal invariance and its applications to the study of bidimensional critical phenomena. The aim is to give an access as pedestrian as possible to this vast subject. After a brief account of the general properties of conformal transformation in D dimensions, we study more specifically the case D = 2. The center of the discussion is then the consequences of the action of this symmetry group on bidimensional field theories, and in particular the links between the representations of the Virasoro algebra and the structure of the correlation functions of conformal field theories. Finally after showing how the Ising model reduces to a Majorana fermionic field theory, we see how the general formalism previously discussed can be applied to the Ising case at the critical point. (orig.)

  2. Conformational changes in glycine tri- and hexapeptide

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Yakubovich, Alexander V.; Solov'yov, Ilia; Solov'yov, Andrey V.

    2006-01-01

    conformations and calculated the energy barriers for transitions between them. Using a thermodynamic approach, we have estimated the times of the characteristic transitions between these conformations. The results of our calculations have been compared with those obtained by other theoretical methods...... also investigated the influence of the secondary structure of polypeptide chains on the formation of the potential energy landscape. This analysis has been performed for the sheet and the helix conformations of chains of six amino acids....

  3. Conformal invariance in the quantum field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurak, V.

    1975-09-01

    Basic features concerning the present knowledge of conformal symmetry are illustrated in a simple model. Composite field dimensions of this model are computed and related to the conformal group. (author) [pt

  4. Non-local Effects of Conformal Anomaly

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meissner, Krzysztof A.; Nicolai, Hermann

    2018-03-01

    It is shown that the nonlocal anomalous effective actions corresponding to the quantum breaking of the conformal symmetry can lead to observable modifications of Einstein's equations. The fact that Einstein's general relativity is in perfect agreement with all observations including cosmological or recently observed gravitational waves imposes strong restrictions on the field content of possible extensions of Einstein's theory: all viable theories should have vanishing conformal anomalies. It is shown that a complete cancellation of conformal anomalies in D=4 for both the C^2 invariant and the Euler (Gauss-Bonnet) invariant can only be achieved for N-extended supergravity multiplets with N ≥ 5.

  5. Seed conformal blocks in 4D CFT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Echeverri, Alejandro Castedo; Elkhidir, Emtinan; Karateev, Denis [SISSA and INFN,Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste (Italy); Serone, Marco [SISSA and INFN,Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste (Italy); ICTP,Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste (Italy)

    2016-02-29

    We compute in closed analytical form the minimal set of “seed' conformal blocks associated to the exchange of generic mixed symmetry spinor/tensor operators in an arbitrary representation (ℓ,ℓ̄) of the Lorentz group in four dimensional conformal field theories. These blocks arise from 4-point functions involving two scalars, one (0,|ℓ−ℓ̄|) and one (|ℓ−ℓ̄|,0) spinors or tensors. We directly solve the set of Casimir equations, that can elegantly be written in a compact form for any (ℓ,ℓ̄), by using an educated ansatz and reducing the problem to an algebraic linear system. Various details on the form of the ansatz have been deduced by using the so called shadow formalism. The complexity of the conformal blocks depends on the value of p=|ℓ−ℓ̄| and grows with p, in analogy to what happens to scalar conformal blocks in d even space-time dimensions as d increases. These results open the way to bootstrap 4-point functions involving arbitrary spinor/tensor operators in four dimensional conformal field theories.

  6. Conformal invariance in the long-range Ising model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel F. Paulos

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest.

  7. Conformal Invariance in the Long-Range Ising Model

    CERN Document Server

    Paulos, Miguel F; van Rees, Balt C; Zan, Bernardo

    2016-01-01

    We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest.

  8. Conformal invariance in the long-range Ising model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paulos, Miguel F. [CERN, Theory Group, Geneva (Switzerland); Rychkov, Slava, E-mail: slava.rychkov@lpt.ens.fr [CERN, Theory Group, Geneva (Switzerland); Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l' École Normale Supérieure (LPTENS), Paris (France); Faculté de Physique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris (France); Rees, Balt C. van [CERN, Theory Group, Geneva (Switzerland); Zan, Bernardo [Institute of Physics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

    2016-01-15

    We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest.

  9. Conformational stability and self-association equilibrium in biologics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clarkson, Benjamin R; Schön, Arne; Freire, Ernesto

    2016-02-01

    Biologics exist in equilibrium between native, partially denatured, and denatured conformational states. The population of any of these states is dictated by their Gibbs energy and can be altered by changes in physical and solution conditions. Some conformations have a tendency to self-associate and aggregate, an undesirable phenomenon in protein therapeutics. Conformational equilibrium and self-association are linked thermodynamic functions. Given that any associative reaction is concentration dependent, conformational stability studies performed at different protein concentrations can provide early clues to future aggregation problems. This analysis can be applied to the selection of protein variants or the identification of better formulation solutions. In this review, we discuss three different aggregation situations and their manifestation in the observed conformational equilibrium of a protein. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Conformal Cosmology and Supernova Data

    OpenAIRE

    Behnke, Danilo; Blaschke, David; Pervushin, Victor; Proskurin, Denis

    2000-01-01

    We define the cosmological parameters $H_{c,0}$, $\\Omega_{m,c}$ and $\\Omega_{\\Lambda, c}$ within the Conformal Cosmology as obtained by the homogeneous approximation to the conformal-invariant generalization of Einstein's General Relativity theory. We present the definitions of the age of the universe and of the luminosity distance in the context of this approach. A possible explanation of the recent data from distant supernovae Ia without a cosmological constant is presented.

  11. Conformal Symmetry as a Template for QCD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Brodsky, S

    2004-08-04

    Conformal symmetry is broken in physical QCD; nevertheless, one can use conformal symmetry as a template, systematically correcting for its nonzero {beta} function as well as higher-twist effects. For example, commensurate scale relations which relate QCD observables to each other, such as the generalized Crewther relation, have no renormalization scale or scheme ambiguity and retain a convergent perturbative structure which reflects the underlying conformal symmetry of the classical theory. The ''conformal correspondence principle'' also dictates the form of the expansion basis for hadronic distribution amplitudes. The AdS/CFT correspondence connecting superstring theory to superconformal gauge theory has important implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for hard exclusive processes as well as determining essential aspects of hadronic light-front wavefunctions. Theoretical and phenomenological evidence is now accumulating that QCD couplings based on physical observables such as {tau} decay become constant at small virtuality; i.e., effective charges develop an infrared fixed point in contradiction to the usual assumption of singular growth in the infrared. The near-constant behavior of effective couplings also suggests that QCD can be approximated as a conformal theory even at relatively small momentum transfer. The importance of using an analytic effective charge such as the pinch scheme for unifying the electroweak and strong couplings and forces is also emphasized.

  12. Conformal Symmetry as a Template for QCD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brodsky, S

    2004-01-01

    Conformal symmetry is broken in physical QCD; nevertheless, one can use conformal symmetry as a template, systematically correcting for its nonzero β function as well as higher-twist effects. For example, commensurate scale relations which relate QCD observables to each other, such as the generalized Crewther relation, have no renormalization scale or scheme ambiguity and retain a convergent perturbative structure which reflects the underlying conformal symmetry of the classical theory. The ''conformal correspondence principle'' also dictates the form of the expansion basis for hadronic distribution amplitudes. The AdS/CFT correspondence connecting superstring theory to superconformal gauge theory has important implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for hard exclusive processes as well as determining essential aspects of hadronic light-front wavefunctions. Theoretical and phenomenological evidence is now accumulating that QCD couplings based on physical observables such as τ decay become constant at small virtuality; i.e., effective charges develop an infrared fixed point in contradiction to the usual assumption of singular growth in the infrared. The near-constant behavior of effective couplings also suggests that QCD can be approximated as a conformal theory even at relatively small momentum transfer. The importance of using an analytic effective charge such as the pinch scheme for unifying the electroweak and strong couplings and forces is also emphasized

  13. Análise da combinação de padrões fundamentais de movimento em crianças com diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento sob duas condições de restrição da tarefa

    OpenAIRE

    Rosana Sohaila Teixeira Moreira

    2010-01-01

    O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a combinação das habilidades motoras correr e arremessar em crianças classificadas em diferentes estágios motores, sob diferentes condições da tarefa. Fizeram parte da amostra 54 crianças, de ambos os gêneros, de 10 e 11 anos de idade classificadas em 3 três grupos conforme o nível de desenvolvimento motor nas tarefas isoladas correr e arremessar (G1: estágio elementar; G2: estágio avançado; G3: classificados em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento...

  14. Descriptive study of breast and cervix cancer, in patients treated with linear accelerator, at the Centro Medico de Radioterapia Irazu, between 2000 and 2001, and proposed a database

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calvo Jimenez, Kattia; Marchena Mendoza, Mario

    2008-01-01

    A descriptive study of breast and cervix cancer was performed in patients who have received treatment linear accelerator, during the period 2000 - 2001 in the Centro Medico de Radioterapia Irazu. The survival of the patients was assessed to five years (2006). One proposal called database is the product of analysis performed and consistent with the objectives set. The idea to develop the database of these features in the medical center, arises because the Centre was at that time with the only linear accelerator in the country and also all the necessary information of patients was easily accessible. A population of 438 records, with a common pathology was analyzed under the following variables: type of cancer, identification of anatomic region, province, age, sex, type of radiation, number of sessions, referral hospital, physician, physician referral. This work is relevant, because breast and cervical cancers have been a major cause of mortality, ranked among the five most common malignancies in women. From there to have adequate information systems, has led policy makers and health professionals to have a better outlook for their level of management. (author) [es

  15. Manejo nutricional em paciente cirúrgico com adenocarcinoma de pâncreas: Um relato de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Otoni da Silva

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desse relato de caso é demonstrar como o manejo nutricional pode ser realizado em pacientes idosos com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de pâncreas e submetidos a cirurgia eletiva. Resultados: A dieta proposta supria a necessidade energética e calórica da paciente, o objetivo de recuperação do estado nutricional e preparo da paciente para o procedimento cirúrgico foi atingido, tendo em vista o prazo em que ocorreram os fatos. Foi ofertado o suplemento com imunonutrientes por um período de 12 dias no pré-operatório, sendo continuada no pós-operatório, conforme recomendado pelo DITEN, 2011. Nota se através desse relato a importância do uso das ferramentas de triagem e diagnóstico nutricional, para detecção precoce dos indivíduos desnutridos ou em risco nutricional, otimizando assim o planejamento para a oferta de calorias e nutrientes específicos a fim de melhorar o estado nutricional e prepara-los para a cirurgia. Descritores: Terapia nutricional; Neoplasias pancreáticas; Dietoterapia.

  16. Momentos em freios e em embraiagens

    OpenAIRE

    Mimoso, Rui Miguel Pereira

    2011-01-01

    Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica Nesta dissertação reúnem-se os modelos de cálculo utilizados na determinação dos momentos em freios e em embraiagens. Neste trabalho consideram-se os casos de freios e embraiagens de atrito seco e atrito viscoso. Nos freios de atrito viscoso são considerados casos em que as características dos fluidos não são induzidas, e outros em que são induzidas modificações a essas mesmas características. São a...

  17. Prevalência de doença por citomegalovírus em transplantados renais em unidade de terapia intensiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sanmya Danielle Rodrigues dos Santos

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivos: Definir frequência de doença por citomegalovírus dentre pacientes transplantados renais na unidade de terapia intensiva nos quais houve a suspeita desta complicação; identificar fatores predisponentes e possível impacto na evolução clínica. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional, no qual foram incluídos pacientes transplantados renais acima de 18 anos, internados por quaisquer motivos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, com pelo menos uma coleta de antigenemia ou reação em cadeia da polimerase para citomegalovírus durante internação. Doença por citomegalovírus foi definida por antigenemia positiva ou reação em cadeia da polimerase acima de 500 cópias/mL, na presença de sintomas, no contexto clínico apropriado, conforme julgamento do médico assistente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 99 pacientes (idade: 53,4 ± 12,8 anos, 71,6% homens. A doença por citomegalovírus foi diagnosticada em 39 pacientes (39,4%. Sintomas respiratórios (51%, piora clínica inespecífica (20% ou sintomas gastrintestinais (14% foram os principais motivos para coleta de exames. O tempo de transplante foi menor naqueles com doença por citomegalovírus em relação àqueles sem este diagnóstico (6,5 meses e 31,2 meses; p = 0,001, bem como uso de pulsoterapia nos últimos 6 meses (41% e 16,9%; p = 0,008 e uso prévio de timoglobulina no último ano (35,9% e 6,8%; p < 0,001. No modelo de regressão logística, somente o tempo de transplante e o uso de timoglobulina associaram-se à maior frequência de citomegalovírus. Não houve diferença na evolução clínica entre pacientes com ou sem doença por citomegalovírus. Conclusão: Em pacientes transplantados renais com suspeita de doença por citomegalovírus, a prevalência foi alta. O tempo de transplante menor que 6 meses e o uso de timoglobulina no último ano devem aumentar a suspeita do intensivista para esta complicação.

  18. Z/NZ conformal field theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Degiovanni, P.

    1990-01-01

    We compute the modular properties of the possible genus-one characters of some Rational Conformal Field Theories starting from their fusion rules. We show that the possible choices of S matrices are indexed by some automorphisms of the fusion algebra. We also classify the modular invariant partition functions of these theories. This gives the complete list of modular invariant partition functions of Rational Conformal Field Theories with respect to the A N (1) level one algebra. (orig.)

  19. Parasitic zoonoses: survey in foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> in the northern Apennines / Zoonosi parassitarie: indagini in volpi (<em>Vulpes vulpesem> dell'Appennino settentrionale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vittorio Guberti

    1991-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract A parasitological survey on 153 foxes was carried out in the northern Apennines, during the period 1984-1987. The following parasites were identified: <em>Toxocara canisem> (46.4%, <em>Taenia> sp. (17%, <em>Uncinaria stenocephalaem> (11.8%, <em>Mesocestoides lineatusem> (11.1%, <em>Ancylostoma caninumem> (3.9%, <em>Taenia hydatigenaem> (3.3%, <em>Trichuris vulpisem> (3.3%, <em>Dipylidium caninumem> (2.6%, <em>Taenia crassicepsem> (2%. All foxes were negative for <em>Trichinella> sp. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate differences in the parasitic fauna according to the sex and age classes of the hosts. The role that the fox could have as a reservoir of helminthic zoonoses is discussed. The results are compared with those of similar studies carried out in Italy. Riassunto Nel periodo 1984-1987 è stata condotta un'indagine parassitologica su 153 volpi abbattute nell'Appennino romagnolo. Sono stati reperiti i seguenti parassiti: <em>Toxocara canisem> (46,4%, <em>Taenia> sp. (17%, <em>Uncinaria stenocephalaem> (11,8%, <em>Mesocestoides lineatusem> (11,1%, <em>Ancylostoma caninumem> (3,9%, <em>Taenia hydatigenaem> (3,3%, <em>Trichuris vulpisem> (3,3%, <em>Dipylidium caninumem> (2,6%, <em>Taenia crassicepsem> (2%. Tutte le volpi esaminate sono risultate negative per <em>Trichinella> sp. È stata effettuata l'analisi statistica dei dati per evidenziare eventuali differenze della fauna parassitaria in relazione al sesso e all'età delle volpi. Sulla base dei dati ottenuti viene discussa l'importanza che la Volpe può assumere come serbatoio di zoonosi elmintiche. I risultati acquisiti sono inoltre comparati con quelli ottenuti in analoghe ricerche condotte in Italia.

  20. Tentativa de tratamento específico, por meio da ticlopidina, de pacientes com doença de Chagas em fase crônica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rassi Anis

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Em investigação experimental, a ticlopidina mostrou ser ativa no sentido de diminuir a parasitemia e a mortalidade quando avaliada a infecção de camundongos pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Por isso, este fármaco foi administrado a 12 pacientes com doença de Chagas, em fase crônica. Houve utilização de 150, 200 ou 250mg, durante 90 dias, conforme se tratasse de crianças, adolescentes ou adultos, respectivamente. Ficou documentado cabal insucesso sob os pontos de vista parasitológico e sorológico.

  1. <em>In Vivoem> Histamine Optical Nanosensors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heather A. Clark

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available In this communication we discuss the development of ionophore based nanosensors for the detection and monitoring of histamine levels <em>in vivoem>. This approach is based on the use of an amine-reactive, broad spectrum ionophore which is capable of recognizing and binding to histamine. We pair this ionophore with our already established nanosensor platform, and demonstrate <em>in vitroem> and <em>in vivoem> monitoring of histamine levels. This approach enables capturing rapid kinetics of histamine after injection, which are more difficult to measure with standard approaches such as blood sampling, especially on small research models. The coupling together of <em>in vivoem> nanosensors with ionophores such as nonactin provide a way to generate nanosensors for novel targets without the difficult process of designing and synthesizing novel ionophores.

  2. Structural alphabets derived from attractors in conformational space

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kleinjung Jens

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The hierarchical and partially redundant nature of protein structures justifies the definition of frequently occurring conformations of short fragments as 'states'. Collections of selected representatives for these states define Structural Alphabets, describing the most typical local conformations within protein structures. These alphabets form a bridge between the string-oriented methods of sequence analysis and the coordinate-oriented methods of protein structure analysis. Results A Structural Alphabet has been derived by clustering all four-residue fragments of a high-resolution subset of the protein data bank and extracting the high-density states as representative conformational states. Each fragment is uniquely defined by a set of three independent angles corresponding to its degrees of freedom, capturing in simple and intuitive terms the properties of the conformational space. The fragments of the Structural Alphabet are equivalent to the conformational attractors and therefore yield a most informative encoding of proteins. Proteins can be reconstructed within the experimental uncertainty in structure determination and ensembles of structures can be encoded with accuracy and robustness. Conclusions The density-based Structural Alphabet provides a novel tool to describe local conformations and it is specifically suitable for application in studies of protein dynamics.

  3. Variabilità morfologica ed ecologica in <em>Neomys fodiensem> e <em>Neomys anomalusem> nell'Appennino settentrionale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dino Scaravelli

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available I due <em>Neomys> italiani sono ancora da chiarire dal punto di vista della loro caratterizzazione morfologica e ecologica. Il lavoro prende in considerazione un campione di entrambe le specie proveniente da habitat forestali dell?Appennino settentrionale per i quali sono stati identificati i principali parametri ambientali. Vengono quindi descritte la variabilità dei tratti morfologici delle due specie in aree localizzate nel Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna nell?Appennino tosco-romagnolo. Risultano di sicuro effetto discriminatorio la maschera facciale, il rapporto piede posteriore/coda e i caratteri cranici. Sulla base dei criteri identificativi si sono realizzate rilevazioni di misure corporee per le due specie e una comparazione degli habitat utilizzati. <em>N. fodiensem> appare unica specie nelle faggete-abetine e dominante nei castagneti, mentre nell?Ontaneta e nelle zone aperte e termofile si registra la sola presenza di <em>N. anomalusem>. Mancano entrambi nei prati cespugliati, nella pecceta e nella cerreta. I gradienti presenti sono quindi illustrati. Non appare una differenza altitudinale nel campione esaminato, posto in stazioni tra i 400 e i 1300 m, ma per entrambe vi sono maggiori riscontri nella fascia tra 700 e 850 m. Nell?analisi multivariata rispetto alle altre specie e alle variabili ambientali si riscontra sempre una discreta correlazione con la presenza di acqua di una certa ampiezza, che comunque è significativa solo per <em>N. fodiensem>, mentre risulta di interesse la positiva correlazione di <em>N. anomalusem> con <em>Apodemus sylvaticusem>.

  4. Conformational analysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides using molecular dynamics simulations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frank, Martin

    2015-01-01

    Complex carbohydrates usually have a large number of rotatable bonds and consequently a large number of theoretically possible conformations can be generated (combinatorial explosion). The application of systematic search methods for conformational analysis of carbohydrates is therefore limited to disaccharides and trisaccharides in a routine analysis. An alternative approach is to use Monte-Carlo methods or (high-temperature) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the conformational space of complex carbohydrates. This chapter describes how to use MD simulation data to perform a conformational analysis (conformational maps, hydrogen bonds) of oligosaccharides and how to build realistic 3D structures of large polysaccharides using Conformational Analysis Tools (CAT).

  5. Towards an Approximate Conformance Relation for Hybrid I/O Automata

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morteza Mohaqeqi

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Several notions of conformance have been proposed for checking the behavior of cyber-physical systems against their hybrid systems models. In this paper, we explore the initial idea of a notion of approximate conformance that allows for comparison of both observable discrete actions and (sampled continuous trajectories. As such, this notion will consolidate two earlier notions, namely the notion of Hybrid Input-Output Conformance (HIOCO by M. van Osch and the notion of Hybrid Conformance by H. Abbas and G.E. Fainekos. We prove that our proposed notion of conformance satisfies a semi-transitivity property, which makes it suitable for a step-wise proof of conformance or refinement.

  6. Multiresolution Computation of Conformal Structures of Surfaces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xianfeng Gu

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available An efficient multiresolution method to compute global conformal structures of nonzero genus triangle meshes is introduced. The homology, cohomology groups of meshes are computed explicitly, then a basis of harmonic one forms and a basis of holomorphic one forms are constructed. A progressive mesh is generated to represent the original surface at different resolutions. The conformal structure is computed for the coarse level first, then used as the estimation for that of the finer level, by using conjugate gradient method it can be refined to the conformal structure of the finer level.

  7. Determinants of conformal wave operators in four dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blau, S.K.; Visser, M.; Wipf, A.

    1988-01-01

    We consider conformally coupled wave operators in four dimensions. Such operators are associated with conformally coupled massless scalars, massless spin 1/2 particles, and abelian gauge bosons. We explicitly calculate the change in the determinant of these wave operators as a function of conformal deformations of the background metric. This variation is given in terms of a geometrical object, the second Seeley-de Witt coefficient. (orig.)

  8. Echolocation calls and morphology in the Mehelyi’s (<em>Rhinolophus mehelyiem> and mediterranean (<em>R. euryaleem> horseshoe bats: implications for resource partitioning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Egoitz Salsamendi

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract <em>Rhinolophus euryaleem> and <em>R. mehelyiem> are morphologically very similar species and their distributions overlap extensively in the Mediterranean basin. We modelled their foraging behaviour using echolocation calls and wing morphology and, assuming niche segregation occurs between the two species, we explored how it is shaped by these factors. Resting frequency of echolocation calls was recorded and weight, forearm length, wing loading, aspect ratio and wing tip shape index were measured. <em>R. mehelyiem> showed a significantly higher resting frequency than <em>R. euryaleem>, but differences are deemed insufficient for dietary niche segregation. Weight and forearm length were significantly larger in <em>R. mehelyiem>. The higher values of aspect ratio and wing loading and a lower value of wing tip shape index in <em>R. melehyiem> restrict its flight manoeuvrability and agility. Therefore, the flight ability of <em>R. mehelyiem> may decrease as habitat complexity increases. Thus, the principal mechanism for resource partitioning seems to be based on differing habitat use arising from differences in wing morphology. Riassunto Ecolocalizzazione e morfologia nei rinolofi di Mehely (<em>Rhinolophus mehelyiem> e euriale (<em>R. euryaleem>: implicazioni nella segregazione delle risorse trofiche. <em>Rhinolophus euryaleem> e <em>R. mehelyiem> sono specie morfologicamente molto simili, la cui distribuzione risulta largamente coincidente in area mediterranea. Il comportamento di foraggiamento delle due specie è stato analizzato in funzione delle caratteristiche dei segnali di ecolocalizzazione e della morfologia alare, ed è stata valutata l’incidenza di questi fattori nell’ipotesi di una segregazione delle nicchie. È stata rilevata la frequenza a riposo dei segnali ultrasonori, così come il peso, la lunghezza dell’avambraccio, il carico alare, e due

  9. Conformal dimension theory and application

    CERN Document Server

    Mackay, John M

    2010-01-01

    Conformal dimension measures the extent to which the Hausdorff dimension of a metric space can be lowered by quasisymmetric deformations. Introduced by Pansu in 1989, this concept has proved extremely fruitful in a diverse range of areas, including geometric function theory, conformal dynamics, and geometric group theory. This survey leads the reader from the definitions and basic theory through to active research applications in geometric function theory, Gromov hyperbolic geometry, and the dynamics of rational maps, amongst other areas. It reviews the theory of dimension in metric spaces and of deformations of metric spaces. It summarizes the basic tools for estimating conformal dimension and illustrates their application to concrete problems of independent interest. Numerous examples and proofs are provided. Working from basic definitions through to current research areas, this book can be used as a guide for graduate students interested in this field, or as a helpful survey for experts. Background needed ...

  10. Conformal geometry and quasiregular mappings

    CERN Document Server

    Vuorinen, Matti

    1988-01-01

    This book is an introduction to the theory of spatial quasiregular mappings intended for the uninitiated reader. At the same time the book also addresses specialists in classical analysis and, in particular, geometric function theory. The text leads the reader to the frontier of current research and covers some most recent developments in the subject, previously scatterd through the literature. A major role in this monograph is played by certain conformal invariants which are solutions of extremal problems related to extremal lengths of curve families. These invariants are then applied to prove sharp distortion theorems for quasiregular mappings. One of these extremal problems of conformal geometry generalizes a classical two-dimensional problem of O. Teichmüller. The novel feature of the exposition is the way in which conformal invariants are applied and the sharp results obtained should be of considerable interest even in the two-dimensional particular case. This book combines the features of a textbook an...

  11. Renyi entropy and conformal defects

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bianchi, Lorenzo [Humboldt-Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Physik; Hamburg Univ. (Germany). II. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Meineri, Marco [Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (Italy); Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Pisa (Italy); Myers, Robert C. [Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada); Smolkin, Michael [California Univ., Berkely, CA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics

    2016-04-18

    We propose a field theoretic framework for calculating the dependence of Renyi entropies on the shape of the entangling surface in a conformal field theory. Our approach rests on regarding the corresponding twist operator as a conformal defect and in particular, we define the displacement operator which implements small local deformations of the entangling surface. We identify a simple constraint between the coefficient defining the two-point function of the displacement operator and the conformal weight of the twist operator, which consolidates a number of distinct conjectures on the shape dependence of the Renyi entropy. As an example, using this approach, we examine a conjecture regarding the universal coefficient associated with a conical singularity in the entangling surface for CFTs in any number of spacetime dimensions. We also provide a general formula for the second order variation of the Renyi entropy arising from small deformations of a spherical entangling surface, extending Mezei's results for the entanglement entropy.

  12. Renyi entropy and conformal defects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bianchi, Lorenzo; Myers, Robert C.; Smolkin, Michael

    2016-01-01

    We propose a field theoretic framework for calculating the dependence of Renyi entropies on the shape of the entangling surface in a conformal field theory. Our approach rests on regarding the corresponding twist operator as a conformal defect and in particular, we define the displacement operator which implements small local deformations of the entangling surface. We identify a simple constraint between the coefficient defining the two-point function of the displacement operator and the conformal weight of the twist operator, which consolidates a number of distinct conjectures on the shape dependence of the Renyi entropy. As an example, using this approach, we examine a conjecture regarding the universal coefficient associated with a conical singularity in the entangling surface for CFTs in any number of spacetime dimensions. We also provide a general formula for the second order variation of the Renyi entropy arising from small deformations of a spherical entangling surface, extending Mezei's results for the entanglement entropy.

  13. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of <em>Amaranthus cruentusem> L. and <em>Amaranthus hybridusem> L. Extracts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeanne F. Millogo

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes a preliminary assessment of the nutraceutical value of <em>Amaranthus cruentus (A. cruentusem> and <em>Amaranthus hybridus (A. hybridusem>, two food plant species found in Burkina Faso. Hydroacetonic (HAE, methanolic (ME, and aqueous extracts (AE from the aerial parts were screened for <em>in vitroem> antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and betalains. Hydroacetonic extracts have shown the most diversity for secondary metabolites. The TLC analyses of flavonoids from HAE extracts showed the presence of rutin and other unidentified compounds. The phenolic compound contents of the HAE, ME and AE extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and ranged from 7.55 to 10.18 mg Gallic acid equivalent GAE/100 mg. Tannins, flavonoids, and flavonols ranged from 2.83 to 10.17 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE/100 mg, 0.37 to 7.06 mg quercetin equivalent (QE /100 mg, and 0.09 to 1.31 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. The betacyanin contents were 40.42 and 6.35 mg Amaranthin Equivalent/100 g aerial parts (dry weight in <em>A. cruentusem> and <em>A. hybridusem>, respectively. Free-radical scavenging activity expressed as IC50 (DPPH method and iron reducing power (FRAP method ranged from 56 to 423 µg/mL and from 2.26 to 2.56 mmol AAE/g, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts of <em>A. cruentus em>and <em>A. hybridusem> were 3.18% and 38.22%, respectively.<em> em>The> A. hybridusem> extract showed the best antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities. The results indicated that the phytochemical contents of the two species justify their traditional uses as nutraceutical food plants.

  14. Evidence for weak or linear conformity but not for hyper-conformity in an everyday social learning context.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Claidière, Nicolas; Bowler, Mark; Whiten, Andrew

    2012-01-01

    Conformity is thought to be an important force in cultural evolution because it has the potential to stabilize cooperation in large groups, potentiate group selection and thus explain uniquely human behaviors. However, the effects of such conformity on cultural and biological evolution will depend much on the way individuals are influenced by the frequency of alternative behavioral options witnessed. Theoretical modeling has suggested that only what we refer to as 'hyper-conformity', an exaggerated tendency to perform the most frequent behavior witnessed in other individuals, is able to increase within-group homogeneity and between-group diversity, for instance. Empirically however, few experiments have addressed how the frequency of behavior witnessed affects behavior. Accordingly we performed an experiment to test for the presence of conformity in a natural situation with humans. Visitors to a Zoo exhibit were invited to write or draw answers to questions on A5 cards and potentially win a small prize. We manipulated the proportion of existing writings versus drawings visible to visitors and measured the proportion of written cards submitted. We found a strong and significant effect of the proportion of text displayed on the proportion of text in the answers, thus demonstrating social learning. We show that this effect is approximately linear, with potentially a small, weak-conformist component but no hyper-conformist one. The present experiment therefore provides evidence for linear conformity in humans in a very natural context.

  15. Fusion rules in conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuchs, J.

    1993-06-01

    Several aspects of fusion rings and fusion rule algebras, and of their manifestations in two-dimensional (conformal) field theory, are described: diagonalization and the connection with modular invariance; the presentation in terms of quotients of polynomial rings; fusion graphs; various strategies that allow for a partial classification; and the role of the fusion rules in the conformal bootstrap programme. (orig.)

  16. Investigating ion channel conformational changes using voltage clamp fluorometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Talwar, Sahil; Lynch, Joseph W

    2015-11-01

    Ion channels are membrane proteins whose functions are governed by conformational changes. The widespread distribution of ion channels, coupled with their involvement in most physiological and pathological processes and their importance as therapeutic targets, renders the elucidation of these conformational mechanisms highly compelling from a drug discovery perspective. Thanks to recent advances in structural biology techniques, we now have high-resolution static molecular structures for members of the major ion channel families. However, major questions remain to be resolved about the conformational states that ion channels adopt during activation, drug modulation and desensitization. Patch-clamp electrophysiology has long been used to define ion channel conformational states based on functional criteria. It achieves this by monitoring conformational changes at the channel gate and cannot detect conformational changes occurring in regions distant from the gate. Voltage clamp fluorometry involves labelling cysteines introduced into domains of interest with environmentally sensitive fluorophores and inferring structural rearrangements from voltage or ligand-induced fluorescence changes. Ion channel currents are monitored simultaneously to verify the conformational status. By defining real time conformational changes in domains distant from the gate, this technique provides unexpected new insights into ion channel structure and function. This review aims to summarise the methodology and highlight recent innovative applications of this powerful technique. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Fluorescent Tools in Neuropharmacology'. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Carbon isotope analysis in apple nectar beverages Análise isotópica do carbono em néctar de maçã

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Figueira

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available The aims of this study were to use the isotope analysis method to quantify the carbon of C3 photosynthetic cycle in commercial apple nectars and to determine the legal limit to identify the beverages that do not conform to the safety standards established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. These beverages (apple nectars were produced in the laboratory according to the Brazilian legislation. Adulterated nectars were also produced with an amount of pulp juice below the permitted threshold limit value. The δ13C values of the apple nectars and their fractions (pulp and purified sugar were measured to quantify the C3 source percentage. In order to demonstrate the existence of adulteration, the values found were compared to the limit values established by the Brazilian Law. All commercial apple nectars analyzed were within the legal limits, which enabled to identify the nectars that were in conformity with the Brazilian Law. The isotopic methodology developed proved efficient to quantify the carbon of C3 origin in commercial apple nectars.Os objetivos deste trabalho foram utilizar o método de análise isotópica para quantificar o carbono do ciclo fotossintético C3 em néctares de maçã comerciais e mensurar o limite de legalidade para identificar as bebidas em inconformidade com o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Essa bebida foi produzida em laboratório, conforme a legislação brasileira. Também foram produzidos néctares adulterados com quantidade de suco polposo abaixo do permitido. Os δ13C dos néctares de maçã e de suas frações (polpa e açúcar purificado foram mensurados para quantificar a porcentagem de fonte C3. Para determinar a existência de adulteração, foi calculado o limite de legalidade de acordo com a legislação brasileira. Todos os néctares comerciais de maçã analisados foram classificados como legais. O limite de legalidade possibilitou identificar as bebidas

  18. Double-trace deformations of conformal correlations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giombi, Simone; Kirilin, Vladimir; Perlmutter, Eric

    2018-02-01

    Large N conformal field theories often admit unitary renormalization group flows triggered by double-trace deformations. We compute the change in scalar four-point functions under double-trace flow, to leading order in 1/ N. This has a simple dual in AdS, where the flow is implemented by a change of boundary conditions, and provides a physical interpretation of single-valued conformal partial waves. We extract the change in the conformal dimensions and three-point coefficients of infinite families of double-trace composite operators. Some of these quantities are found to be sign-definite under double-trace flow. As an application, we derive anomalous dimensions of spinning double-trace operators comprised of non-singlet constituents in the O( N) vector model.

  19. Cytotoxicity and Glycan-Binding Properties of an 18 kDa Lectin Isolated from the Marine Sponge <em>Halichondria em>okadai>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yasuhiro Ozeki

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available A divalent cation-independent lectin—HOL-18, with cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells, was purified from a demosponge, <em>Halichondria okadaiem>. HOL-18 is a 72 kDa tetrameric lectin that consists of four non-covalently bonded 18 kDa subunits. Hemagglutination activity of the lectin was strongly inhibited by chitotriose (GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, fetuin and mucins from porcine stomach and bovine submaxillary gland. Lectin activity was stable at pH 4–12 and temperatures lower than 60 °C. Frontal affinity chromatography with 16 types of pyridylaminated oligosaccharides indicated that the lectin had an affinity for <em>N>-linked complex-type and sphingolipid-type oligosaccharides with <em>N>-acetylated hexosamines and neuramic acid at the non-reducing termini. The lectin killed Jurkat leukemia T cells and K562 erythroleukemia cells in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner.

  20. The conformally invariant Laplace-Beltrami operator and factor ordering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ryan, Michael P.; Turbiner, Alexander V.

    2004-01-01

    In quantum mechanics the kinetic energy term for a single particle is usually written in the form of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. This operator is a factor ordering of the classical kinetic energy. We investigate other relatively simple factor orderings and show that the only other solution for a conformally flat metric is the conformally invariant Laplace-Beltrami operator. For non-conformally-flat metrics this type of factor ordering fails, by just one term, to give the conformally invariant Laplace-Beltrami operator

  1. Reassessing the role of book-tax conformity

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Goncharov, I.; Werner, J.R.

    2009-01-01

    Book-tax conformity refers to the legal link between financial and tax accounts, and is an institutional feature of many continental European countries and countries like Japan that follow continental European traditions. Many studies argue that book-tax conformity impedes earnings informativeness.

  2. SUSY Unparticle and Conformal Sequestering

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nakayama, Yu; Nakayama, Yu

    2007-07-17

    We investigate unparticle physics with supersymmetry (SUSY). The SUSY breaking effects due to the gravity mediation induce soft masses for the SUSY unparticles and hence break the conformal invariance. The unparticle physics observable in near future experiments is only consistent if the SUSY breakingeffects from the hidden sector to the standard model sector are dominated by the gauge mediation, or if the SUSY breaking effects to the unparticle sector are sufficiently sequestered. We argue that the natural realization of the latter possibility is the conformal sequestering scenario.

  3. Open conformal systems and perturbations of transfer operators

    CERN Document Server

    Pollicott, Mark

    2017-01-01

    The focus of this book is on open conformal dynamical systems corresponding to the escape of a point through an open Euclidean ball. The ultimate goal is to understand the asymptotic behavior of the escape rate as the radius of the ball tends to zero. In the case of hyperbolic conformal systems this has been addressed by various authors. The conformal maps considered in this book are far more general, and the analysis correspondingly more involved. The asymptotic existence of escape rates is proved and they are calculated in the context of (finite or infinite) countable alphabets, uniformly contracting conformal graph-directed Markov systems, and in particular, conformal countable alphabet iterated function systems. These results have direct applications to interval maps, meromorphic maps and rational functions. Towards this goal the authors develop, on a purely symbolic level, a theory of singular perturbations of Perron--Frobenius (transfer) operators associated with countable alphabet subshifts of finite t...

  4. Confab - Systematic generation of diverse low-energy conformers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O'Boyle Noel M

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Many computational chemistry analyses require the generation of conformers, either on-the-fly, or in advance. We present Confab, an open source command-line application for the systematic generation of low-energy conformers according to a diversity criterion. Results Confab generates conformations using the 'torsion driving approach' which involves iterating systematically through a set of allowed torsion angles for each rotatable bond. Energy is assessed using the MMFF94 forcefield. Diversity is measured using the heavy-atom root-mean-square deviation (RMSD relative to conformers already stored. We investigated the recovery of crystal structures for a dataset of 1000 ligands from the Protein Data Bank with fewer than 1 million conformations. Confab can recover 97% of the molecules to within 1.5 Å at a diversity level of 1.5 Å and an energy cutoff of 50 kcal/mol. Conclusions Confab is available from http://confab.googlecode.com.

  5. THz time domain spectroscopy of biomolecular conformational modes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markelz, Andrea; Whitmire, Scott; Hillebrecht, Jay; Birge, Robert

    2002-01-01

    We discuss the use of terahertz time domain spectroscopy for studies of conformational flexibility and conformational change in biomolecules. Protein structural dynamics are vital to biological function with protein flexibility affecting enzymatic reaction rates and sensory transduction cycling times. Conformational mode dynamics occur on the picosecond timescale and with the collective vibrational modes associated with these large scale structural motions in the 1-100 cm -1 range. We have performed THz time domain spectroscopy (TTDS) of several biomolecular systems to explore the sensitivity of TTDS to distinguish different molecular species, different mutations within a single species and different conformations of a given biomolecule. We compare the measured absorbances to normal mode calculations and find that the TTDS absorbance reflects the density of normal modes determined by molecular mechanics calculations, and is sensitive to both conformation and mutation. These early studies demonstrate some of the advantages and limitations of using TTDS for the study of biomolecules

  6. From conformal Haag-Kastler nets to Wightman functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Joerss, M.

    1996-08-01

    Starting from a chiral conformal Haag-Kastler net on 2 dimensional Minkowski space we present a canonical construction that leads to a complete set of conformally covariant N-point-functions fulfilling the Wightman axioms. Our method consists of an explicit use of the representation theory of the universal covering group of SL(2,R) combined with a generalization of the conformal cluster theorem to N-point-functions. (orig.)

  7. Theoretical investigation of the conformational space of baicalin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martínez Medina, Juan J; Ferrer, Evelina G; Williams, Patricia A M; Okulik, Nora B

    2017-09-01

    Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds ubiquitously present in plants. They are important components of human diet. They are recognized as potential drug candidates to be used in the treatment and prevention of a lot of pathological disorders, due to their protective effects. Baicalin (7-glucuronic acid 5, 6-dihydroxyflavone) is one of the main single active constituents isolated from the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The great interest on this flavonoid is due to its various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and so on, and its high accumulation in the roots of S. baicalensis. The aim of our work was to analyze the geometric and electronic properties of baicalin conformers (BCL), thus performing a complete search on the conformational space of this flavonoid in gas phase and in aqueous solution. The results indicate that the conformational space of baicalin is formed by eight conformers in gas phase and five conformers in aqueous solution optimized at B3LYP/6-311++G** theory level. BCLa2 TT and BCLa1 TT conformers have low stability in gas phase and very high stability in aqueous solution. This variation is related to a modification in the τ 1 angle that represents the relative position of the glucuronide unit respect to the central rings of the flavan nucleus (A and C). This modification was successfully explained by examining the changes in the hydrogen bond (HB) interactions that occur in the region around the hydroxyl group located in position 6 of ring A. Besides, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analyses indicate that BCLa2 TT and BCLa1 TT conformers are the most favorable conformers for interacting with positively charged species (such as metal ions) in aqueous media (such as biological fluids). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Hidden conformal symmetry of extremal black holes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Bin; Long Jiang; Zhang Jiaju

    2010-01-01

    We study the hidden conformal symmetry of extremal black holes. We introduce a new set of conformal coordinates to write the SL(2,R) generators. We find that the Laplacian of the scalar field in many extremal black holes, including Kerr(-Newman), Reissner-Nordstrom, warped AdS 3 , and null warped black holes, could be written in terms of the SL(2,R) quadratic Casimir. This suggests that there exist dual conformal field theory (CFT) descriptions of these black holes. From the conformal coordinates, the temperatures of the dual CFTs could be read directly. For the extremal black hole, the Hawking temperature is vanishing. Correspondingly, only the left (right) temperature of the dual CFT is nonvanishing, and the excitations of the other sector are suppressed. In the probe limit, we compute the scattering amplitudes of the scalar off the extremal black holes and find perfect agreement with the CFT prediction.

  9. Surface Design Based on Discrete Conformal Transformations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duque, Carlos; Santangelo, Christian; Vouga, Etienne

    Conformal transformations are angle-preserving maps from one domain to another. Although angles are preserved, the lengths between arbitrary points are not generally conserved. As a consequence there is always a given amount of distortion associated to any conformal map. Different uses of such transformations can be found in various fields, but have been used by us to program non-uniformly swellable gel sheets to buckle into prescribed three dimensional shapes. In this work we apply circle packings as a kind of discrete conformal map in order to find conformal maps from the sphere to the plane that can be used as nearly uniform swelling patterns to program non-Euclidean sheets to buckle into spheres. We explore the possibility of tuning the area distortion to fit the experimental range of minimum and maximum swelling by modifying the boundary of the planar domain through the introduction of different cutting schemes.

  10. Social conformity despite individual preferences for distinctiveness.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smaldino, Paul E; Epstein, Joshua M

    2015-03-01

    We demonstrate that individual behaviours directed at the attainment of distinctiveness can in fact produce complete social conformity. We thus offer an unexpected generative mechanism for this central social phenomenon. Specifically, we establish that agents who have fixed needs to be distinct and adapt their positions to achieve distinctiveness goals, can nevertheless self-organize to a limiting state of absolute conformity. This seemingly paradoxical result is deduced formally from a small number of natural assumptions and is then explored at length computationally. Interesting departures from this conformity equilibrium are also possible, including divergence in positions. The effect of extremist minorities on these dynamics is discussed. A simple extension is then introduced, which allows the model to generate and maintain social diversity, including multimodal distinctiveness distributions. The paper contributes formal definitions, analytical deductions and counterintuitive findings to the literature on individual distinctiveness and social conformity.

  11. Commissioning of a linear accelerator to execute volumetric modulated arc therapy; Comissionamento de um acelerador linear para realizacao da radioterapia em arco modulada volumetricamente

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Goncalves, Leandro R.; Santos, Gabriela R.; Menegussi, Gisela; Silva, Marco A.; Passaro, Anderson M.; Rodrigues, Laura N., E-mail: leandrorg11@hotmail.com [Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

    2013-08-15

    Radiotherapy techniques like VMAT allow complex dose distributions modulating the beam intensity within the irradiation field from the handling of multi-blade collimators, variations in dose rate, different speeds of rotation of the gantry and collimator angle allowing greater conformation of the dose to the tumor volume and a lower dose to healthy tissues. To ensure proper dose delivery, the linear particle accelerator must be able to monitor and perform all the variation in these parameters simultaneously. In this work dosimetric tests obtained in the literature that aims to commission, implement and ensure the quality of VMAT treatments were performed performed in the Institute of Cancer of Sao Paulo State (ICESP). From the results obtained it was established a program of quality control for the linear accelerator studied. The linearity and stability response of ionization chamber monitoring, leafs accuracy positioning, flatness and symmetry of beam to VMAT irradiations were evaluated. The obtained results are in agreement with the literature. It can be concluded that the accelerator studied is able to satisfactorily control the variation of all necessary parameters to perform the VMAT treatments. (author)

  12. Conformal intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) delivered by robotic linac-conformality versus efficiency of dose delivery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Webb, Steve

    2000-01-01

    Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may be delivered with a high-energy-photon linac mounted on a robotic gantry and executing a complex trajectory. In a previous paper an inverse-planning technique was developed for such an application. Here the work is extended to demonstrate the dependence of conformality on the size of the elemental pencil beam, on the complexity of the trajectory and on the sampling of azimuth and elevation of the collimated source. The improved conformality of complex trajectories is demonstrated and benchmarked relative to simpler trajectories, more representative of existing non-robotic IMRT techniques. Specifically, by choosing a very fine pencil beam, exquisitely conformal dose distributions have been obtained. Important sampling considerations have been determined. Expressions have been derived for the dosimetry and monitor-unit efficiency of robotic IMRT. Equivalent trajectories were computed for executing the complex robotic trajectories instead by using a conventional linac. The work benchmarks an ideal in IMRT against which more practical and more common techniques may be measured. (author)

  13. Over-Expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and Protein: Implications of Xenobiotic Induced Damage in Patients with <em>De Novoem> Acute Myeloid Leukemia with inv(16(p13.1q22; <em>CBFβ>-MYH11em>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Environmental exposure to benzene occurs through cigarette smoke, unleaded gasoline and certain types of plastic. Benzene is converted to hematotoxic metabolites by the hepatic phase-I enzyme CYP2E1, and these metabolites are detoxified by the phase-II enzyme NQO1. The genes encoding these enzymes are highly polymorphic and studies of these polymorphisms have shown different pathogenic and prognostic features in various hematological malignancies. The potential role of different cytochrome p450 metabolizing enzymes in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML in an area of active interest. In this study, we demonstrate aberrant CYP2E1 mRNA over-expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases of <em>de novoem> AML with inv(16; CBFβ-MYH11. CYP2E1 mRNA levels correlated with <em>CBFβ>-MYH11 em>transcript levels and with bone marrow blast counts in all cases. CYP2E1 over-expression correlated positively with NQO1 mRNA levels (R2 = 0.934, n = 7. By immunohistochemistry, CYP2E1 protein was more frequently expressed in AML with inv(16 compared with other types of AML (<em>p> < 0.001. We obtained serial bone marrow samples from two patients with AML with inv(16 before and after treatment. CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels decreased in parallel with <em>CBFβ>-MYH11 em>transcript levels and blast counts following chemotherapy. In contrast, CYP1A2 transcript levels did not change in either patient. This is the first study to demonstrate concurrent over-expression of CYP2E1 and NQO1 mRNA in AML with inv(16. These findings also suggest that a balance between CYP2E1 and NQO1 may be important in the pathogenesis of AML with inv(16.

  14. Conformity of LINAC-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using Dynamic Conformal Arcs and Micro-Multileaf Collimator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hazard, Lisa J.; Wang, Brian; Skidmore, Thomas B.; Chern, Shyh-Shi; Salter, Bill J.; Jensen, Randy L.; Shrieve, Dennis C.

    2009-01-01

    Purpose: To assess the conformity of dynamic conformal arc linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery and to describe a standardized method of isodose surface (IDS) selection. Methods and Materials: In 174 targets, the conformity index (CI) at the prescription IDS used for treatment was calculated as CI = (PIV/PVTV)/(PVTV/TV), where TV is the target volume, PIV (prescription isodose volume) is the total volume encompassed by the prescription IDS, and PVTV is the TV encompassed by the IDS. In addition, a 'standardized' prescription IDS (sIDS) was chosen according to the following criteria: 95% of the TV was encompassed by the PIV and 99% of TV was covered by 95% of the prescription dose. The CIs at the sIDS were also calculated. Results: The median CI at the prescription IDS and sIDS was 1.63 and 1.47, respectively (p < 0.001). In 132 of 174 cases, the volume of normal tissue in the PIV was reduced by the prescription to the sIDS compared with the prescription IDS, in 20 cases it remained unchanged, and in 22 cases it was increased. Conclusion: The CIs obtained with linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery are comparable to those previously reported for gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery. Using a uniform method to select the sIDS, adequate target coverage was usually achievable with prescription to an IDS greater than that chosen by the treating physician (prescription IDS), providing sparing of normal tissue. Thus, the sIDS might aid physicians in identifying a prescription IDS that balances coverage and conformity

  15. Conformal consistency relations for single-field inflation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Creminelli, Paolo; Noreña, Jorge; Simonović, Marko

    2012-01-01

    We generalize the single-field consistency relations to capture not only the leading term in the squeezed limit — going as 1/q 3 , where q is the small wavevector — but also the subleading one, going as 1/q 2 . This term, for an (n+1)-point function, is fixed in terms of the variation of the n-point function under a special conformal transformation; this parallels the fact that the 1/q 3 term is related with the scale dependence of the n-point function. For the squeezed limit of the 3-point function, this conformal consistency relation implies that there are no terms going as 1/q 2 . We verify that the squeezed limit of the 4-point function is related to the conformal variation of the 3-point function both in the case of canonical slow-roll inflation and in models with reduced speed of sound. In the second case the conformal consistency conditions capture, at the level of observables, the relation among operators induced by the non-linear realization of Lorentz invariance in the Lagrangian. These results mean that, in any single-field model, primordial correlation functions of ζ are endowed with an SO(4,1) symmetry, with dilations and special conformal transformations non-linearly realized by ζ. We also verify the conformal consistency relations for any n-point function in models with a modulation of the inflaton potential, where the scale dependence is not negligible. Finally, we generalize (some of) the consistency relations involving tensors and soft internal momenta

  16. Exploring perturbative conformal field theory in Mellin space

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nizami, Amin A. [International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, TIFR,Hesaraghatta, Hubli, Bengaluru-560089 (India); Rudra, Arnab [Center for Quantum Mathematics and Physics (QMAP), Department of Physics,University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (United States); Sarkar, Sourav [Institut für Mathematik und Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, IRIS-Adlershof,Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut,Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam (Germany); Verma, Mritunjay [International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, TIFR,Hesaraghatta, Hubli, Bengaluru-560089 (India); Harish-Chandra Research Institute,Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad-211019 (India)

    2017-01-24

    We explore the Mellin representation of correlation functions in conformal field theories in the weak coupling regime. We provide a complete proof for a set of Feynman rules to write the Mellin amplitude for a general tree level Feynman diagram involving only scalar operators. We find a factorised form involving beta functions associated to the propagators, similar to tree level Feynman rules in momentum space for ordinary QFTs. We also briefly consider the case where a generic scalar perturbation of the free CFT breaks conformal invariance. Mellin space still has some utility and one can consider non-conformal Mellin representations. In this context, we find that the beta function corresponding to conformal propagator uplifts to a hypergeometric function.

  17. Conformational Study of Taurine in the Gas Phase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cortijo, Vanessa; Sanz, M. Eugenia; López, Juan C.; Alonso, José L.

    2009-08-01

    The conformational preferences of the amino sulfonic acid taurine (NH2-CH2-CH2-SO3H) have been investigated in the gas phase by laser ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy (LA-MB-FTMW) in the 6-14 GHz frequency range. One conformer has been observed, and its rotational, centrifugal distortion, and hyperfine quadrupole coupling constants have been determined from the analysis of its rotational spectrum. Comparison of the experimental constants with those calculated theoretically identifies the detected conformer unambiguously. The observed conformer of taurine is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond O-H···N between the hydrogen of the sulfonic acid group and the nitrogen atom of the amino group.

  18. 40 CFR 86.407-78 - Certificate of conformity required.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Certificate of conformity required. 86... Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles, General Provisions § 86.407-78 Certificate of conformity... conformity issued pursuant to this subpart, except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, or...

  19. Synthesis of conformationally restricted beta-turn mimics

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    IJsselstijn, M.

    2006-01-01

    This thesis aims at developing methods for introducing conformational restriction in Beta-turns, the turn elements present in Beta-sheets. A conformationally restricted peptide might either be formed via incorporation of a bridging diamino acids in a growing peptide chain, or via covalent bond

  20. Clinicopathological study of patients with head and neck sarcomas Avaliação clínico-patológica de pacientes com sarcomas em cabeça e pescoço

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabela Alves Pacheco

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Sarcomas are rare tumors, mainly stemming from the embryonic mesoderm, with a high grade of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a retrospective study of head and neck sarcoma cases between 1999 and 2008 in three specialized centers in the city of Fortaleza. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data collection was based on the charts of the patients in the study. For statistical analysis purposes we used the chi-square associations and the z test for proportions. RESULTS: We found records of 36 patients, and the most affected ones were adult brown males, in the age range between 20 and 59 years - mean age of 39.7. The man/woman ratio was 1.76:1. The most prevalent histological type was the rhabdomyosarcoma and their most common locations were the face and the neck. Most of the sample was made up of live patients without evidence of the disease in the last visit - 41.6% of the cases. The most common treatment modes were the combination of surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy and surgery + radiotherapy, with 27.8% of the cases each. CONCLUSION: Sarcomas have a great histological variability and may have numerous locations. Since these are rare and not well-known lesions, new epidemiological studies must be carried out in order to enhance our understanding of the disease.Sarcomas são tumores raros originados predominantemente do mesoderma embrionário e que apresentam elevado grau de morbidade e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Realizar estudo retrospectivo dos casos de sarcomas em cabeça e pescoço no período de 1999 a 2008 em três centros especializados. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A coleta de dados teve base nos prontuários dos pacientes estudados. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de associações qui-quadrado e o teste z para proporções. RESULTADO: Foram encontrados registros de 36 pacientes, sendo os indivíduos mais acometidos homens adultos, da raça parda, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, com idade média de 39,7. A rela

  1. Conformal anomaly of super Wilson loop

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belitsky, A.V., E-mail: andrei.belitsky@asu.edu [Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504 (United States)

    2012-09-11

    Classically supersymmetric Wilson loop on a null polygonal contour possesses all symmetries required to match it onto non-MHV amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. However, to define it quantum mechanically, one is forced to regularize it since perturbative loop diagrams are not well defined due to presence of ultraviolet divergences stemming from integration in the vicinity of the cusps. A regularization that is adopted by practitioners by allowing one to use spinor helicity formalism, on the one hand, and systematically go to higher orders of perturbation theory is based on a version of dimensional regularization, known as Four-Dimensional Helicity scheme. Recently it was demonstrated that its use for the super Wilson loop at one loop breaks both conformal symmetry and Poincare supersymmetry. Presently, we exhibit the origin for these effects and demonstrate how one can undo this breaking. The phenomenon is alike the one emerging in renormalization group mixing of conformal operators in conformal theories when one uses dimensional regularization. The rotation matrix to the diagonal basis is found by means of computing the anomaly in the Ward identity for the conformal boost. Presently, we apply this ideology to the super Wilson loop. We compute the one-loop conformal anomaly for the super Wilson loop and find that the anomaly depends on its Grassmann coordinates. By subtracting this anomalous contribution from the super Wilson loop we restore its interpretation as a dual description for reduced non-MHV amplitudes which are expressed in terms of superconformal invariants.

  2. Willmore energy estimates in conformal Berger spheres

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barros, Manuel; Ferrandez, Angel

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → The Willmore energy is computed in a wide class of surfaces. → Isoperimetric inequalities for the Willmore energy of Hopf tori are obtained. → The best possible lower bound is achieved on isoareal Hopf tori. - Abstract: We obtain isoperimetric inequalities for the Willmore energy of Hopf tori in a wide class of conformal structures on the three sphere. This class includes, on the one hand, the family of conformal Berger spheres and, on the other hand, a one parameter family of Lorentzian conformal structures. This allows us to give the best possible lower bound of Willmore energies concerning isoareal Hopf tori.

  3. Conformal Gravity: Dark Matter and Dark Energy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert K. Nesbet

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This short review examines recent progress in understanding dark matter, dark energy, and galactic halos using theory that departs minimally from standard particle physics and cosmology. Strict conformal symmetry (local Weyl scaling covariance, postulated for all elementary massless fields, retains standard fermion and gauge boson theory but modifies Einstein–Hilbert general relativity and the Higgs scalar field model, with no new physical fields. Subgalactic phenomenology is retained. Without invoking dark matter, conformal gravity and a conformal Higgs model fit empirical data on galactic rotational velocities, galactic halos, and Hubble expansion including dark energy.

  4. Conformation sensitive charge transport in conjugated polymers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mattias Andersson, L.; Hedström, Svante; Persson, Petter

    2013-01-01

    Temperature dependent charge carrier mobility measurements using field effect transistors and density functional theory calculations are combined to show how the conformation dependent frontier orbital delocalization influences the hole- and electron mobilities in a donor-acceptor based polymer. A conformationally sensitive lowest unoccupied molecular orbital results in an electron mobility that decreases with increasing temperature above room temperature, while a conformationally stable highest occupied molecular orbital is consistent with a conventional hole mobility behavior and also proposed to be one of the reasons for why the material works well as a hole transporter in amorphous bulk heterojunction solar cells

  5. Study of the difference in rectal and ear canal temperature according to the conformation of the acoustic conch in dogsEstudo da diferença das temperaturas retal e do canal auditivo de acordo com a conformação da concha acústica em cães

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Negri Mueller

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available The auditory thermometry has being used for measurement of temperature of dogs. However there is different acoustic conch conformation in this species, being that the pendulous ears can alter the auditory microclimate. This research aimed to study the difference of rectal and auditory canal temperatures according to acoustic conch conformation in dogs. One hundred and eleven dogs were used with erect ears (group I, semi-pendulous (group II and pendulous (group II with 37 animals each group. The measurement of rectal temperature (TR was realized with traditional thermometer mercury column and measurement of both external ears temperature with infrared ear thermometer. The average hearing temperature (TAM was obtained and realized difference between TR and TAM, being the results classify in scores, A=TAMA termometria auditiva vem sendo utilizada para mensuração da temperatura em cães. Porém, existem diferentes conformações da concha acústica nesta espécie, sendo que orelhas pendulares podem alterar o microclima auditivo. Portanto, objetivou-se estudar a diferença das temperaturas retal e do canal auditivo de acordo com a conformação da concha acústica em cães. Foram utilizados 111 cães hígidos com orelhas ereta (grupo I, semipendular (grupo II e pendular (grupo III com 37 animais cada. A aferição da temperatura retal (TR foi realizada com termômetro tradicional coluna de mercúrio e aferição da temperatura de ambas as orelhas externas com termômetro auricular infravermelho. Foi obtida temperatura auditiva média (TAM e realizada diferença entre TR e TAM, sendo os resultados classificados em escores, A=TAMem até 1,2ºC e B=TAMem mais de 1,2ºC. A média da TAM foi 37,15ºC±0,81, enquanto que a da TR foi 38,68ºC±0,59. A diferença média entre TAM e TR foi 1,53ºC±0,75. Setenta e uma orelhas (63,96% foram classificadas no escore B e 40 (36,04% no escore A. A média da TAM foi 37,17°C±0,85, 37,35°C±0,50 e 36

  6. Potential clinical efficacy of intensity-modulated conformal therapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meeks, Sanford L.; Buatti, John M.; Bova, Francis J.; Friedman, William A.; Mendenhall, William M.; Zlotecki, Robert A.

    1998-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential benefit of using intensity-modulated conformal therapy for a variety of lesions currently treated with stereotactic radiosurgery or conventional radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Intensity-modulated conformal treatment plans were generated for small intracranial lesions, as well as head and neck, lung, breast, and prostate cases, using the Peacock Plan[reg] treatment-planning system (Nomos Corporation). For small intracranial lesions, intensity-modulated conformal treatment plans were compared with stereotactic radiosurgery treatment plans generated for patient treatment at the University of Florida Shands Cancer Center. For other sites (head and neck, lung, breast, and prostate), plans generated using the Peacock Plan[reg] were compared with conventional treatment plans, as well as beam's-eye-view conformal treatment plans. Plan comparisons were accomplished through conventional qualitative review of two-dimensional (2D) dose distributions in conjunction with quantitative techniques, such as dose-volume histograms, dosimetric statistics, normal tissue complication probabilities, tumor control probabilities, and objective numerical scoring. Results: For small intracranial lesions, there is little difference between intensity-modulated conformal treatment planning and radiosurgery treatment planning in the conformation of high isodose lines with the target volume. However, stereotactic treatment planning provides a steeper dose gradient outside the target volume and, hence, a lower normal tissue toxicity index. For extracranial sites, objective numerical scores for beam's-eye-view and intensity-modulated conformal planning techniques are superior to scores for conventional treatment plans. The beam's-eye-view planning technique prevents geographic target misses and better excludes healthy tissues from the treatment portal. Compared with scores for the beam's-eye-view planning technique, scores for

  7. Sangramento intracraniano em paciente hemofílico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Carolina Pereira da Rocha

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A hemofilia é uma coagulopatia congênita ou adquirida na qual há deficiência de fatores VIII (Hemofilia A e IX (Hemofilia B. A doença não tem cura e é classificada em leve, moderada ou grave conforme o grau de atividade coagulante do fator deficiente. O quadro clínico clássico é a presença e hematomas e hemartroses, mas também pode haver hematúria, hemorragia de rinofaringe ou língua, epistaxe, melena, hematêmese, sangramentos abdominais, torácicos e no sistema nervoso central. Objetivos: Relatar um caso de hemorragia intracraniana em um paciente portador de hemofilia A e comparar com os dados da literatura. Metodologia: As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário e acompanhamento da evolução do paciente, entrevista com o acompanhante do paciente e revisão da literatura. Relato do Caso: Paciente de 20 meses, portador de hemofilia A moderada, é levado ao Pronto Atendimento com queixa de irritabilidade, sonolência e náuseas há 3 dias. É encaminhado ao Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba por suspeita de sangramento intracraniano. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de hemorragia intracraniana em pacientes hemofílicos deve ser questionado sempre que há alterações do estado de consciência ou do estado neurológico normal, mesmo que discretas. As medidas apropriadas aumentam as chances de bom prognóstico e ausência de sequelas neurológicas.

  8. Flat connection, conformal field theory and quantum group

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kato, Mitsuhiro.

    1989-07-01

    General framework of linear first order differential equation for four-point conformal block is studied by using flat connection. Integrability and SL 2 invariance restrict possible form of flat connection. Under a special ansatz classical Yang-Baxter equation appears as an integrability condition and the WZW model turns to be unique conformal field theory in that case. Monodromy property of conformal block can be easily determined by the flat connection. 11 refs

  9. Standing in the Hallway Improves Students' Understanding of Conformity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lawson, Timothy J.; Haubner, Richard R.; Bodle, James H.

    2013-01-01

    To help beginning psychology students understand how they are influenced by social pressures to conform, we developed a demonstration designed to elicit their conformity to a small group of students standing in the hallway before class. Results showed the demonstration increased students' recognition of their own tendency to conform, knowledge of…

  10. Molecular dynamics of conformation-specific dopamine transporter-inhibitor complexes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jean, Bernandie; Surratt, Christopher K; Madura, Jeffry D

    2017-09-01

    The recreational psychostimulant cocaine inhibits dopamine reuptake from the synapse, resulting in excessive stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in brain areas associated with reward and addiction. Cocaine binds to and stabilizes the outward- (extracellular-) facing conformation of the dopamine transporter (DAT) protein, while the low abuse potential DAT inhibitor benztropine prefers the inward- (cytoplasmic-) facing conformation. A correlation has been previously postulated between psychostimulant abuse potential and preference for the outward-facing DAT conformation. The 3β-aryltropane cocaine analogs LX10 and LX11, however, differ only in stereochemistry and share a preference for the outward-facing DAT, yet are reported to vary widely in abuse potential in an animal model. In search of the molecular basis for DAT conformation preference, complexes of cocaine, benztropine, LX10 or LX11 bound to each DAT conformation were subjected to 100ns of all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. Results were consistent with previous findings from cysteine accessibility assays used to assess an inhibitor's DAT conformation preference. The respective 2β- and 2α-substituted phenyltropanes of LX10 and LX11 interacted with hydrophobic regions of the DAT S1 binding site that were inaccessible to cocaine. Solvent accessibility measurements also revealed subtle differences in inhibitor positioning within a given DAT conformation. This work serves to advance our understanding of the conformational selectivity of DAT inhibitors and suggests that MD may be useful in antipsychostimulant therapeutic design. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Comparación de costes de tres tratamientos del cáncer de próstata localizado en España: prostatectomía radical, braquiterapia prostática y radioterapia conformacional externa 3D Cost comparison of three treatments for localized prostate cancer in Spain: radical prostatectomy, prostate brachytherapy and external 3D conformal radiotherapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virginia Becerra Bachino

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Comparar los costes de los tratamientos más establecidos para el cáncer de próstata localizado según grupos de riesgo, edad y comorbilidad, desde la perspectiva del proveedor asistencial. Métodos: Comparación de costes en pacientes reclutados consecutivamente entre 2003 y 2005 en una unidad funcional de tratamiento del cáncer de próstata. La utilización de servicios hasta 6 meses después del inicio del tratamiento se obtuvo de las bases de datos hospitalarias, y los costes directos se estimaron mediante cálculo microcoste. La información sobre las características clínicas de los pacientes y los tratamientos recogió prospectivamente. Los costes se compararon mediante tests no paramétricos de comparación de medianas (Kruskall-Wallis y un modelo semilogarítmico de regresión múltiple. Resultados: La diferencia de costes fue estadísticamente significativa: medianas de 3229.10 €, 5369.00 € y 6265.60 € para los pacientes tratados con radioterapia conformacional externa 3D, braquiterapia, y prostatectomía radical retropública, respectivamente (pObjective: To compare the initial costs of the three most established treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer according to risk, age and comorbidity groups, from the healthcare provider's perspective. Methods: We carried out a cost comparison study in a sample of patients consecutively recruited between 2003 and 2005 from a functional unit for prostate cancer treatment in Catalonia (Spain. The use of services up to 6 months after the treatment start date was obtained from hospital databases and direct costs were estimated by micro-cost calculation. Information on the clinical characteristics of patients and treatments was collected prospectively. Costs were compared by using nonparametric tests comparing medians (Kruskall-Wallis and a semi-logarithmic multiple regression model. Results: Among the 398 patients included, the cost difference among treatments was

  12. Analysis of the electrochemistry of hemes with Ems spanning 800 mV

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Zhong; Gunner, M. R.

    2009-01-01

    The free energy of heme reduction in different proteins is found to vary over more than 18 kcal/mol. It is a challenge to determine how proteins manage to achieve this enormous range of Ems with a single type of redox cofactor. Proteins containing 141 unique hemes of a-, b-, and c-type, with bis-His, His-Met, and aquo-His ligation were calculated using Multi-Conformation Continuum Electrostatics (MCCE). The experimental Ems range over 800 mV from −350 mV in cytochrome c3 to 450 mV in cytochrome c peroxidase (vs. SHE). The quantitative analysis of the factors that modulate heme electrochemistry includes the interactions of the heme with its ligands, the solvent, the protein backbone, and sidechains. MCCE calculated Ems are in good agreement with measured values. Using no free parameters the slope of the line comparing calculated and experimental Ems is 0.73 (R2 = 0.90), showing the method accounts for 73% of the observed Em range. Adding a +160 mV correction to the His-Met c-type hemes yields a slope of 0.97 (R2 = 0.93). With the correction 65% of the hemes have an absolute error smaller than 60 mV and 92% are within 120 mV. The overview of heme proteins with known structures and Ems shows both the lowest and highest potential hemes are c-type, whereas the b-type hemes are found in the middle Em range. In solution, bis-His ligation lowers the Em by ≈205 mV relative to hemes with His-Met ligands. The bis-His, aquo-His, and His-Met ligated b-type hemes all cluster about Ems which are ≈200 mV more positive in protein than in water. In contrast, the low potential bis-His c-type hemes are shifted little from in solution, whereas the high potential His-Met c-type hemes are raised by ≈300 mV from solution. The analysis shows that no single type of interaction can be identified as the most important in setting heme electrochemistry in proteins. For example, the loss of solvation (reaction field) energy, which raises the Em, has been suggested to be a major factor in

  13. Fatores terapêuticos em um grupo de apoio para pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatoriais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guanaes Carla

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO/OBJETIVOS: O emprego da psicoterapia de grupo no atendimento em saúde mental, sobretudo em contextos institucionais, tem se expandido aceleradamente, não havendo uma expansão correlata de pesquisas na área, conforme aponta a literatura especializada. Objetivou-se compreender algumas possibilidades e alguns limites de um grupo de apoio de curta duração (16 sessões para pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatoriais, investigando os fatores terapêuticos que operam nesse grupo, segundo a percepção de seus participantes. MÉTODOS: Questionários do Incidente Crítico (QIC, observação e registro do grupo, consultas aos prontuários dos pacientes e notas de campo constituíram as fontes de dados. A análise das respostas dos pacientes ao QIC foi realizada por procedimentos de avaliação categorial de conteúdo, tendo como base um sistema descritivo dos fatores terapêuticos proposto na literatura. As demais fontes foram tomadas como dados de contexto dos sentidos produzidos pelos pacientes em suas respostas ao QIC. RESULTADOS: Os resultados remetem a dez categorias derivadas da percepção dos pacientes, indicativas de vivências terapêuticas e não-terapêuticas no grupo. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo possibilita uma compreensão sobre o modo como os pacientes vivenciaram o processo desse grupo, tendo em vista os sentidos que produziram a partir de sua participação neste, e, em conjunção com a compreensão de seus quadros clínicos, situa algumas possibilidades e alguns limites desse tipo de tratamento em saúde mental, considerando o contexto em que ocorre e a clientela que usualmente o integra.

  14. The intercomparison of the dose distributions between conformation techniques with pions and photons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karasawa, K.; Nakagawa, K.; Akanuma, A.

    1990-01-01

    To compare conformation radiation treatment with pions vs photons, dose volume histograms (DVH) to the critical organs, including the spinal cord, kidney, and intestine, were examined in a patient with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. For photon conformation treatment, the following techniques were used: 360 degree rotation conformation technique (photon conformation), 4 fixed field technique (photon 4-field), and 2-axis conformation technique (photon 2-axial conformation). According to the DVH reduction method, complication probability was estimated. The concave portion of the target was conformed by pion conformation treatment, but not by photon conformation treatment. Pion conformation for the intestine showed the best DVH, whereas photon 4-field technique showed the worst DVH. For the kidney, pion conformation showed better DVH as compared with any other photon conformation treatment technique. In the spinal cord, photon 2-axial conformation was far superior, followed by pion conformation and then photon conformation and 4-field technique. A 2-axial technique showed a bigger inhomogeneity inside the target volume which is critical in curative treatment. TD 50 was 72 Gy for pion conformation, 53 Gy for photon conformation, 51 Gy for photon 4-field, and 68 Gy for photon 2-axial conformation. Complication probabilities for these conformation techniques at 60 Gy were 3%, 85%, 97%, and 9%. In view of tumor control probabilities, pion seems to have the biggest therapeutic ratio among these techniques. (N.K.)

  15. An introduction to conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaberdiel, Matthias R.; Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge

    2000-01-01

    A comprehensive introduction to two-dimensional conformal field theory is given. The structure of the meromorphic subtheory is described in detail, and a number of examples are presented explicitly. Standard constructions such as the coset and the orbifold construction are explained. The concept of a representation of the meromorphic theory is introduced, and the role of Zhu's algebra in classifying highest weight representations is elucidated. The fusion product of two representations and the corresponding fusion rules are defined, and Verlinde's formula is explained. Finally, higher correlation functions are considered, and the polynomial relations of Moore and Seiberg and the quantum group structure of chiral conformal field theory are discussed. The treatment is relatively general and also allows for a description of less well known classes of theories such as logarithmic conformal field theories. (author)

  16. 20 CFR 640.4 - Standard for conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standard for conformity. 640.4 Section 640.4 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STANDARD FOR BENEFIT PAYMENT PROMPTNESS-UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION § 640.4 Standard for conformity. A State law will satisfy the...

  17. Irreversibility and higher-spin conformal field theory

    CERN Document Server

    Anselmi, D

    2000-01-01

    I discuss the idea that quantum irreversibility is a general principle of nature and a related "conformal hypothesis", stating that all fundamental quantum field theories should be renormalization-group (RG) interpolations between ultraviolet and infrared conformal fixed points. In particular, the Newton constant should be viewed as a low-energy effect of the RG scale. This approach leads naturally to consider higher-spin conformal field theories, which are here classified, as candidate high-energy theories. Bosonic conformal tensors have a positive-definite action, equal to the square of a field strength, and a higher-derivative gauge invariance. The central charges c and a are well defined and positive. I calculate their values and study the operator-product structure. Fermionic theories have no gauge invariance and can be coupled to Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in a renormalizable way. At the quantum level, they contribute to the one-loop beta function with the same sign as ordinary matter, admit a...

  18. Comments on conformal masses, asymptotic backgrounds and conservation laws

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deruelle, Nathalie; Katz, Joseph

    2006-01-01

    The 'conformal mass prescriptions' were used recently to calculate the mass of spacetimes in higher dimensional and higher curvature theories of gravity. These definitions are closely related to Komar integrals for spacetimes that are conformally flat at great distances from the sources. We derive these relations without using the conformal infinity formalism

  19. APICULTURA E RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL: DESAFIOS DA PRODUÇÃO E DIFICULDADES EM ADOTAR PRÁTICAS SOCIAL E AMBIENTALMENTE RESPONSÁVEIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valdir Antonio Balbino

    Full Text Available RESUMOO artigo objetiva identificar a percepção e as dificuldades que os produtores têm em adotar práticas mais responsáveis social e ambientalmente. Utilizou-se de método qualitativo, com entrevista semiestruturada com cinco das seis pessoas que participam da Associação de Apicultores. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa utilizou a análise categorial temática, com o desmembramento em categorias conforme os temas que emergem do texto identificando o que eles têm em comum, dividida em quatro categorias temáticas: 3.1 - Perfil dos entrevistados; 3.2 - Determinação da criação de abelhas e da produção do mel; 3.3 - Conhecimento da atividade e importância da associação; 3.4 - Comercialização e responsabilidade social e ambiental. A responsabilidade social em relação ao mel foi evidenciada como um diferencial no produto concentrado nas preocupações com o meio ambiente, influenciando as tomadas de decisões dos apicultores em seus negócios, bem como no comprometimento para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e bem-estar social. Os resultados da pesquisa também demonstraram que a apicultura é uma atividade lucrativa. No entanto, se percebeu que, em decorrência dos associados não estarem bem organizados, têm dificuldades em comercializar seus produtos.

  20. Armazenamento de caqui (Diospyros kaki, L. cv. Quioto, em atmosfera controlada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DONAZZOLO JOEL

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar, com o presente trabalho, o efeito da temperatura e do CO2 no armazenamento em atmosfera controlada sobre a conservação de caqui cv. Quioto. Foram avaliadas as temperaturas -1,0 e -0,5ºC, e pressões parciais de CO2 de 0; 5 e 10kPa, com os tratamentos arranjados em um esquema bifatorial. Os frutos foram avaliados após 3 meses de armazenamento mais 3 dias de exposição à temperatura ambiente (18-20ºC. Conforme os resultados, não foi constatada interação entre os fatores, havendo efeito significativo para temperatura somente na firmeza de polpa, em que -1,0ºC apresentou frutos mais firmes. As diferentes pressões parciais de CO2 não influenciaram a perda de peso e a firmeza de polpa. As podridões apresentaram uma resposta linear negativa em relação ao CO2, porém, mantendo elevada ocorrência. Valores de CO2 entre 5 e 10kPa proporcionaram frutos com menor índice de escurecimento de epiderme e com coloração mais amarela e vermelha. O CO2 entre 5 e 10kPa apresentou os melhores resultados, que somados à temperatura de -1,0ºC, foi a melhor condição de armazenamento, que, no entanto, teve o período de conservação inferior a três meses nesta condição, devido às altas perdas por podridões.

  1. Conformal correlation functions in the Brownian loop soup

    Science.gov (United States)

    Camia, Federico; Gandolfi, Alberto; Kleban, Matthew

    2016-01-01

    We define and study a set of operators that compute statistical properties of the Brownian loop soup, a conformally invariant gas of random Brownian loops (Brownian paths constrained to begin and end at the same point) in two dimensions. We prove that the correlation functions of these operators have many of the properties of conformal primaries in a conformal field theory, and compute their conformal dimension. The dimensions are real and positive, but have the novel feature that they vary continuously as a periodic function of a real parameter. We comment on the relation of the Brownian loop soup to the free field, and use this relation to establish that the central charge of the loop soup is twice its intensity.

  2. Conformal correlation functions in the Brownian loop soup

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Camia, Federico, E-mail: federico.camia@nyu.edu [New York University Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates); VU University, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Gandolfi, Alberto, E-mail: albertogandolfi@nyu.edu [New York University Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates); Università di Firenze (Italy); Kleban, Matthew, E-mail: kleban@nyu.edu [New York University Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates); Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University (United States)

    2016-01-15

    We define and study a set of operators that compute statistical properties of the Brownian loop soup, a conformally invariant gas of random Brownian loops (Brownian paths constrained to begin and end at the same point) in two dimensions. We prove that the correlation functions of these operators have many of the properties of conformal primaries in a conformal field theory, and compute their conformal dimension. The dimensions are real and positive, but have the novel feature that they vary continuously as a periodic function of a real parameter. We comment on the relation of the Brownian loop soup to the free field, and use this relation to establish that the central charge of the loop soup is twice its intensity.

  3. Conformal correlation functions in the Brownian loop soup

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Federico Camia

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available We define and study a set of operators that compute statistical properties of the Brownian loop soup, a conformally invariant gas of random Brownian loops (Brownian paths constrained to begin and end at the same point in two dimensions. We prove that the correlation functions of these operators have many of the properties of conformal primaries in a conformal field theory, and compute their conformal dimension. The dimensions are real and positive, but have the novel feature that they vary continuously as a periodic function of a real parameter. We comment on the relation of the Brownian loop soup to the free field, and use this relation to establish that the central charge of the loop soup is twice its intensity.

  4. Supervised physical therapy in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leal, Nara Fernanda Braz da Silva; Oliveira, Harley Francisco de; Carrara, Hélio Humberto Angotti

    2016-08-15

    to evaluate the effect of physical therapy on the range of motion of the shoulders and perimetry of the upper limbs in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer. a total of 35 participants were randomized into two groups, with 18 in the control group (CG) and 17 in the study group (SG). Both of the groups underwent three evaluations to assess the range of motion of the shoulders and perimetry of the upper limbs, and the study group underwent supervised physical therapy for the upper limbs. the CG had deficits in external rotation in evaluations 1, 2, and 3, whereas the SG had deficits in flexion, abduction, and external rotation in evaluation 1. The deficit in abduction was recovered in evaluation 2, whereas the deficits in all movements were recovered in evaluation 3. No significant differences in perimetry were observed between the groups. the applied supervised physical therapy was effective in recovering the deficit in abduction after radiotherapy, and the deficits in flexion and external rotation were recovered within two months after the end of radiotherapy. Registration number of the clinical trial: NCT02198118. avaliar o efeito da fisioterapia na amplitude de movimento do ombro e na perimetria do membro superior, aplicada durante o período da radioterapia nas mulheres em tratamento para o câncer de mama. 35 voluntárias foram randomizadas em dois grupos, 18 para o grupo controle e 17 para o grupo de estudo. Os dois grupos foram submetidos a três avaliações da amplitude de movimento do ombro e perimetria do membro superior, sendo o grupo de estudo também submetido à fisioterapia supervisionada para os membros superiores. o grupo controle apresentou déficit entre os membros para o movimento de rotação externa nas avaliações 1, 2 e 3. O grupo de estudo apresentou déficit entre os membros para os movimentos de flexão, abdução e rotação externa na avaliação 1. Houve recuperação do déficit de movimento de abdução na avaliação 2

  5. Increased conformity offers diminishing returns for reducing total knee replacement wear.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fregly, Benjamin J; Marquez-Barrientos, Carlos; Banks, Scott A; DesJardins, John D

    2010-02-01

    Wear remains a significant problem limiting the lifespan of total knee replacements (TKRs). Though increased conformity between TKR components has the potential to decrease wear, the optimal amount and planes of conformity have not been investigated. Furthermore, differing conformities in the medial and lateral compartments may provide designers the opportunity to address both wear and kinematic design goals simultaneously. This study used a computational model of a Stanmore knee simulator machine and a previously validated wear model to investigate this issue for simulated gait. TKR geometries with different amounts and planes of conformity on the medial and lateral sides were created and tested in two phases. The first phase utilized a wide range of sagittal and coronal conformity combinations to blanket a physically realistic design space. The second phase performed a focused investigation of the conformity conditions from the first phase to which predicted wear volume was sensitive. For the first phase, sagittal but not coronal conformity was found to have a significant effect on predicted wear volume. For the second phase, increased sagittal conformity was found to decrease predicted wear volume in a nonlinear fashion, with reductions gradually diminishing as conformity increased. These results suggest that TKR geometric design efforts aimed at minimizing wear should focus on sagittal rather than coronal conformity and that at least moderate sagittal conformity is desirable in both compartments.

  6. 18 CFR 153.21 - Conformity with requirements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conformity with requirements. 153.21 Section 153.21 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY... Requirements § 153.21 Conformity with requirements. (a) General Rule. Applications under subparts B and C of...

  7. Conformal (WEYL) invariance and Higgs mechanism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Shucheng.

    1991-10-01

    A massive Yang-Mills field theory with conformal invariance and gauge invariance is proposed. It involves gravitational and various gauge interactions, in which all the mass terms appear as a uniform form of interaction m(x) KΦ(x). When the conformal symmetry is broken spontaneously and gravitation is ignored, the Higgs field emerges naturally, where the imaginary mass μ can be described as a background curvature. (author). 7 refs

  8. Conformal symmetry and non-relativistic second-order fluid dynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chao Jingyi; Schäfer, Thomas

    2012-01-01

    We study the constraints imposed by conformal symmetry on the equations of fluid dynamics at second order in the gradients of the hydrodynamic variables. At zeroth order, conformal symmetry implies a constraint on the equation of state, E 0 =2/3 P, where E 0 is the energy density and P is the pressure. At first order, conformal symmetry implies that the bulk viscosity must vanish. We show that at second order, conformal invariance requires that two-derivative terms in the stress tensor must be traceless, and that it determines the relaxation of dissipative stresses to the Navier–Stokes form. We verify these results by solving the Boltzmann equation at second order in the gradient expansion. We find that only a subset of the terms allowed by conformal symmetry appear. - Highlights: ► We derive conformal constraints for the stress tensor of a scale invariant fluid. ► We determine the relaxation time in kinetic theory. ► We compute the rate of entropy production in second-order fluid dynamics.

  9. Homothetic and conformal symmetries of solutions to Einstein's equations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eardley, D.; Isenberg, J.; Marsden, J.; Moncrief, V.; Yale Univ., New Haven, CT

    1986-01-01

    We present several results about the nonexistence of solutions of Einstein's equations with homoethetic or conformal symmetry. We show that the only spatially compact, globally hyperbolic spacetimes admitting a hypersurface of constant mean extrinsic curvature, and also admitting an infinitesimal proper homothetic symmetry, are everywhere locally flat; this assumes that the matter fields either obey certain energy conditions, or are the Yang-Mills or massless Klein-Gordon fields. We find that the only vacuum solutions admitting an infinitesimal proper conformal symmetry are everywhere locally flat spacetimes and certain plane wave solutions. We show that if the dominant energy condition is assumed, then Minkowski spacetime is the only asymptotically flat solution which has an infinitesimal conformal symmetry that is asymptotic to a dilation. In other words, with the exceptions cited, homothetic or conformal Killing fields are in fact Killing in spatially compact or asymptotically flat spacetimes. In the conformal procedure for solving the initial value problem, we show that data with infinitesimal conformal symmetry evolves to a spacetime with full isometry. (orig.)

  10. Selection of candidate wells and optimization of conformance treatment design in the Barrancas Field using a 3D conformance simulator

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crosta, Dante; Elitseche, Luis [Repsol YPF (Argentina); Gutierrez, Mauricio; Ansah, Joe; Everett, Don [Halliburton Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires (Argentina)

    2004-07-01

    Minimizing the amount of unwanted water production is an important goal at the Barrancas field. This paper describes a selection process for candidate injection wells that is part of a pilot conformance project aimed at improving vertical injection profiles, reducing water cut in producing wells, and improving ultimate oil recovery from this field. The well selection process is based on a review of limited reservoir information available for this field to determine inter-well communications. The methodology focuses on the best use of available information, such as production and injection history, well intervention files, open hole logs and injectivity surveys. After the candidate wells were selected and potential water injection channels were identified, conformance treatment design and future performance of wells in the selected pilot area were evaluated using a new 3 -D conformance simulator, developed specifically for optimization of the design and placement of unwanted fluid shut-off treatments. Thus, when acceptable history match ing of the pilot area production was obtained, the 3 -D simulator was used to: evaluate the required volume of selected conformance treatment fluid; review expected pressures and rates during placement;. model temperature behavior; evaluate placement techniques, and forecast water cut reduction and incremental oil recovery from the producers in this simulated section of the pilot area. This paper outlines a methodology for selecting candidate wells for conformance treatments. The method involves application of several engineering tools, an integral component of which is a user-friendly conformance simulator. The use of the simulator has minimized data preparation time and allows the running of sensitivity cases quickly to explore different possible scenarios that best represent the reservoir. The proposed methodology provides an efficient means of identifying conformance problems and designing optimized solutions for these individual

  11. Conformational impact of structural modifications in 2-fluorocyclohexanone

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco A. Martins

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available 2-Haloketones are building blocks that combine physical, chemical and biological features of materials and bioactive compounds, while organic fluorine plays a fundamental role in the design of performance organic molecules. Since these features are dependent on the three-dimensional chemical structure of a molecule, simple structural modifications can affect its conformational stability and, consequently, the corresponding physicochemical/biological property of interest. In this work, structural changes in 2-fluorocyclohexanone were theoretically studied with the aim at finding intramolecular interactions that induce the conformational equilibrium towards the axial or equatorial conformer. The interactions evaluated were hydrogen bonding, hyperconjugation, electrostatic and steric effects. While the gauche effect, originated from hyperconjugative interactions, does not appear to cause some preferences for the axial conformation of organofluorine heterocycles, more classical effects indeed rule the conformational equilibrium of the compounds. Spectroscopic parameters (NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants, which can be useful to determine the stereochemistry and the interactions operating in the series of 2-fluorocyclohexanone derivatives, were also calculated.

  12. Conformational kinetics of aliphatic tails

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferrarini, Alberta; Moro, Giorgio; Nordio, Pier Luigi

    The master equation describing the random walk between sites identified with the stable conformers of a chain molecule, represents the extension to the time domain of the Rotational Isomeric State model. The asymptotic analysis of the multidimensional diffusion equation in the continuous torsional variables subjected to the configurational potential, provides a rigorous justification for the discrete models, and it supplies, without resorting to phenomenological parameters, molecular definitions of the kinetic rates for the conformational transitions occurring at each segment of the chain. The coupling between the torsional variables is fully taken into account, giving rise to cooperative effects. A complete calculation of the specific correlation functions which describe the time evolution of the angular functions probed by N.M.R. and dielectric relaxation measurements, has been performed for alkyl chains attached to a massive core. The resulting behaviour has been compared with the decay of trans and gauche populations of specific bonds, expressed in terms of suitable correlation functions whose time integrals lead quite naturally to the definition of effective kinetic constants for the conformational transitions.

  13. Síndrome de Burnout e rendimento acadêmico em estudantes da primeira à quarta série de um curso de graduação em medicina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Ono Mori

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre a Síndrome de Burnout e o desempenho acadêmico de estudantes da primeira à quarta série de um curso de graduação em Medicina. O comprometimento emocional dos alunos variou conforme a série, com diferenças significativas para os componentes da síndrome entre alunos com notas acima e abaixo da média, sendo o primeiro ano o mais afetado. Isto indica que, no curso estudado, a implantação da reforma curricular não foi um fator de proteção para a Síndrome de Burnout. Constatou-se também associação entre a síndrome e o rendimento acadêmico dos estudantes em disciplinas da primeira e da segunda série. São necessários estudos longitudinais sobre o assunto para confirmar as tendências encontradas e esclarecer a interferência de fatores que não puderam ser abordados neste estudo, considerado preliminar.

  14. Em análise a Cooperação “Sul-Sul”: Ruptura Ideológica ou Reprodução?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle Regina Ullrich

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2013v12n25p65 O modelo Norte-Sul de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, cuja origem remete ao período pós- Segunda Guerra Mundial, apoiou-se, historicamente, em um discurso que atribuía aos países centrais, ou do "Norte", dada sua maturidade institucional e superioridade técnica, legitimidade para definirem as regras e os procedimentos a serem observados pelos países na periferia do sistema mundo, para acederem ao propalado "desenvolvimento". Modelo este que, conforme um contingente significativo de pesquisadores (BARBANTI JUNIOR, 2005; SANTOS FILHO, 2005; AFONSO; FERNANDES, 2005; SÁNCHEZ, 2002, contemplaria, essencialmente objetivos de natureza econômica e política das potências centrais. Todavia, ao conquistarem reconhecimento econômico no plano internacional, países emergentes como o Brasil, Índia, China, Rússia e África do Sul estariam estabelecendo, entre si, assim como com outros países do "Sul", relações de parceria e cooperação às quais, também conforme um contingente expressivo de pesquisadores (XALMA, 2011; PUENTE, 2010; AYLLÓN PINO, 2012, se distinguiriam do modelo anterior pela ênfase atribuída a valores como a solidariedade e a equidade, no que tange à distribuição equitativa dos benefícios entre os países envolvidos nas ações de cooperação. De natureza teórica, o presente artigo questiona, em que medida essa tese se sustenta? Ou, dizendo de outro modo, em que medida o modelo de cooperação internacional Sul-Sul associado à promoção do desenvolvimento constitui-se em uma ruptura paradigmática com o modelo de cooperação Norte-Sul?

  15. Contagem de folículos antrais em fêmeas Nelore submetidas a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Soares Rodrigues

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se categorizar a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA em fêmeas Nelore e posteriormente determinar o efeito de alguns parâmetros reprodutivos e do escore de condição corporal (ECC sobre a CFA, assim como, comparar a taxa de concepção entre fêmeas com distintas categorias de CFA submetidas a um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF. Para tanto, 595 fêmeas Nelore foram submetidas a um protocolo para IATF; no D4 do protocolo, foi determinado o diâmetro ovariano (DOV, a presença de corpo lúteo (CL e a CFA. As inseminações foram executadas utilizando-se sêmen criopreservado. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia. As fêmeas foram dividas conforme a categoria animal, dias pós-parto (DPP, DOV, presença de CL e ECC. De acordo com a média da CFA, sugeriu-se uma categorização da CFA, a qual considerou baixa CFA ≤32, intermediária CFA entre 32 e 48 e alta CFA ≥48 folículos/animal. A categoria animal, os DPP e o ECC não afetaram a CFA dos animais. Entretanto, houve diferença entre a média de CFA na classe com maior DOV em comparação com as demais. A presença de CL influenciou na CFA dos animais. Em relação à fertilidade, não foi demonstrado efeito da CFA sobre a taxa de concepção das fêmeas submetidas à IATF. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a CFA parece ser uma característica intrínseca, mantendo-se constante independente do status fisiológico do animal. Houve uma inter-relação positiva entre o DOV e CFA. A presença de CL influenciou a CFA. No entanto, a CFA não afeta a performance reprodutiva em programas de IATF

  16. Conformal Radiotherapy: Physics, Treatment Planning and Verification. Proceedings book

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De Wagter, C [ed.

    1995-12-01

    The goal of conformal radiotherapy is to establish radiation dose distributions that conform tightly to the target volume in view of limiting radiation to normal tissues. Conformal radiotherapy significantly improves both local control and palliation and thus contributes to increase survival and to improve the quality of life. The subjects covered by the symposium include : (1) conformal radiotherapy and multi-leaf collimation; (2) three dimensional imaging; (3) treatment simulation, planning and optimization; (4) quality assurance; and (5) dosimetry. The book of proceedings contains the abstracts of the invited lectures, papers and poster presentations as well as the full papers of these contributions.

  17. Truncated conformal space approach to scaling Lee-Yang model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yurov, V.P.; Zamolodchikov, Al.B.

    1989-01-01

    A numerical approach to 2D relativstic field theories is suggested. Considering a field theory model as an ultraviolet conformal field theory perturbed by suitable relevant scalar operator one studies it in finite volume (on a circle). The perturbed Hamiltonian acts in the conformal field theory space of states and its matrix elements can be extracted from the conformal field theory. Truncation of the space at reasonable level results in a finite dimensional problem for numerical analyses. The nonunitary field theory with the ultraviolet region controlled by the minimal conformal theory μ(2/5) is studied in detail. 9 refs.; 17 figs

  18. Conformal Radiotherapy: Physics, Treatment Planning and Verification. Proceedings book

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Wagter, C.

    1995-12-01

    The goal of conformal radiotherapy is to establish radiation dose distributions that conform tightly to the target volume in view of limiting radiation to normal tissues. Conformal radiotherapy significantly improves both local control and palliation and thus contributes to increase survival and to improve the quality of life. The subjects covered by the symposium include : (1) conformal radiotherapy and multi-leaf collimation; (2) three dimensional imaging; (3) treatment simulation, planning and optimization; (4) quality assurance; and (5) dosimetry. The book of proceedings contains the abstracts of the invited lectures, papers and poster presentations as well as the full papers of these contributions

  19. Quaternion analyticity and conformally Kaehlerian structure in Euclidean gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guersey, F.; Chia-Hsiung Tze

    1984-01-01

    Starting from the fact that the d = 4 Euclidean flat spacetime is conformally related to the Kaehler manifold H 2 xS 2 , we show the Euclidean Schwarzschild metric to be conformally related to another Kaehler manifold M 2 xS 2 with M 2 being conformal to H 2 in two dimensions. Both metrics which are conformally Kaehlerian, are form-invariant under the infinite parameter Fueter group, the Euclidean counterpart of Milne's group of clock regraduation. The associated Einstein's equations translate into Fueter's quaternionic analyticity. The latter leads to an infinite number of local continuity equations. (orig.)

  20. Note on Weyl versus conformal invariance in field theory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu, Feng [Nanchang University, Department of Physics, Nanchang (China)

    2017-12-15

    It was argued recently that conformal invariance in flat spacetime implies Weyl invariance in a general curved background for unitary theories and possible anomalies in the Weyl variation of scalar operators are identified. We argue that generically unitarity alone is not sufficient for a conformal field theory to be Weyl invariant. Furthermore, we show explicitly that when a unitary conformal field theory couples to gravity in a Weyl-invariant way, each primary scalar operator that is either relevant or marginal in the unitary conformal field theory corresponds to a Weyl-covariant operator in the curved background. (orig.)

  1. Conformal symmetry and string theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kumar, A.

    1987-01-01

    This thesis is devoted to the study of various aspects of the 2-dimensional conformal field theory and its applications to strings. We make a short review of the conformal field theory and its supersymmetric extension, called superconformal field theory. We present an elegant superspace formulation of these theories and solve the condition for the closure of the superconformal algebra. The we go on to classify the superconformal field theories according to these solutions. We prove that N ≥ 5 superconformal algebra, with N being the number of supersymmetries, does not have central charge. We find the primary representations of all the interesting superconformal algebra. We study the quantization of the superconformal theories and derive the constraints on the central charge of the algebra that has to be satisfied for a consistent quantum theory. This quantization process also determines the ground state energy of the system and the spectrum of the model. We study the global aspects of the conformal symmetry and its role in the construction of consistent heterotic string theories. We prove the uniqueness of heterotic superstring theories in 10 dimensions in the fermionic constructions. We show how the vertex operators are closely associated with the primary field representation of the conformal algebra. We utilize these vertex operator constructions to obtain tree amplitudes in the 10-dimensional heterotic string theory. We show by explicit calculation at the 3-point level that the scattering amplitudes derived from the heterotic superstring are same as the ones obtained from 10-dimensional supergravity theories

  2. Mixed global anomalies and boundary conformal field theories

    OpenAIRE

    Numasawa, Tokiro; Yamaguchi, Satoshi

    2017-01-01

    We consider the relation of mixed global gauge gravitational anomalies and boundary conformal field theory in WZW models for simple Lie groups. The discrete symmetries of consideration are the centers of the simple Lie groups. These mixed anomalies prevent to gauge them i.e, take the orbifold by the center. The absence of anomalies impose conditions on the levels of WZW models. Next, we study the conformal boundary conditions for the original theories. We consider the existence of a conformal...

  3. 40 CFR 90.711 - Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... certificates of conformity. 90.711 Section 90.711 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... conformity. (a) The certificate of conformity is suspended with respect to any engine failing pursuant to... suspend the certificate of conformity for an engine family which is determined to be in noncompliance...

  4. 40 CFR 92.512 - Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... certificates of conformity. 92.512 Section 92.512 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... of certificates of conformity. (a)(1) The certificate of conformity is suspended with respect to any... conformity is suspended with respect to any locomotive or locomotive engine that fails an audit pursuant to...

  5. Detecção de dano estrutural em estruturas planas utilizando redes neurais

    OpenAIRE

    Maia, Renato Abreu

    2017-01-01

    Conforme as tecnologias de projeto e construção avançam, as estruturas tendem a surgir cada vez mais esbeltas, o que as torna mais vulneráveis a vibrações excessivas. Aliado a isso, a possível degradação estrutural de construções antigas tem gerado um crescimento no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de técnicas de monitoramento de integridade estrutural, em especial ferramentas que fazem uso das propriedades dinâmicas das estruturas (frequências naturais e modos de vibração), visto que estas so...

  6. Microscopic insights into the NMR relaxation based protein conformational entropy meter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kasinath, Vignesh; Sharp, Kim A.; Wand, A. Joshua

    2013-01-01

    Conformational entropy is a potentially important thermodynamic parameter contributing to protein function. Quantitative measures of conformational entropy are necessary for an understanding of its role but have been difficult to obtain. An empirical method that utilizes changes in conformational dynamics as a proxy for changes in conformational entropy has recently been introduced. Here we probe the microscopic origins of the link between conformational dynamics and conformational entropy using molecular dynamics simulations. Simulation of seven pro! teins gave an excellent correlation with measures of side-chain motion derived from NMR relaxation. The simulations show that the motion of methyl-bearing side-chains are sufficiently coupled to that of other side chains to serve as excellent reporters of the overall side-chain conformational entropy. These results tend to validate the use of experimentally accessible measures of methyl motion - the NMR-derived generalized order parameters - as a proxy from which to derive changes in protein conformational entropy. PMID:24007504

  7. Estudo do raspado de conjuntiva de pacientes tratados de retinoblastoma: Etapa II -- citologia Study of conjunctival scrape smears in patients treated for retinoblastoma: Phase II - cytology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Carmen Menezes Santos

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: A citologia da conjuntiva humana tem sido amplamente estu-dada. A falta de dados sobre as características do raspado ocular em pacientes tratados de retinoblastoma submetidos à enucleação e radioterapia foi o que motivou este estudo. Métodos: Foram examinadas 114 órbitas de 58 pacientes. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da citologia conjuntival, em 4 condições, com e sem enucleação, com e sem radioterapia. Resultados: No infiltrado leucocitário das órbitas com bulbo ocular predominaram os linfócitos e nas demais, os polimorfonucleares neutrófilos. De maneira geral, as alterações das células epiteliais mais encontradas nas lâminas dos esfregaços conjuntivais de órbitas irradiadas foram: células com núcleo aumentado e nucléolo proeminente e com hialinização do citoplasma. Conclusão: Os achados citológicos do raspado conjuntival não indicaram perfil característico e distinto para cada grupo.Purpose: Human conjunctival cytology has been extensively studied. Lack of data about the characteristics of conjunctival smears in patients treated for retinoblastoma who underwent enucleation and radiotherapy motivated this study. Methods: A previously studied group of 114 orbits of 58 patients was examined. The authors present the results of conjunctival cytology in 4 different situations, with and without enucleation, with and without radiotherapy. Results: In the leukocytic infiltrate in orbits with ocular bulbi predominated the lymphocyte, while in the others predominated the polymorphonuclear neutrophil. In general, the majority of epithelial cell alterations seen in the conjunctival smears of irradiated orbits were: cell with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and cytoplasmatic hyalinization. Conclusion: The cytological findings of the conjunctival smears do not indicate a characteristic and distinct pattern for each group.

  8. Conformal and Lie superalgebras motivated from free fermionic fields

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ma, Shukchuen

    2003-01-01

    In this paper, we construct six families of conformal superalgebras of infinite type, motivated from free quadratic fermonic fields with derivatives, and we prove their simplicity. The Lie superalgebras generated by these conformal superalgebras are proven to be simple except for a few special cases in the general linear superalgebras and the type-Q lie superalgebras, in which these Lie superalgebras have a one-dimensional centre and the quotient Lie superalgebras modulo the centre are simple. Certain natural central extensions of these families of conformal superalgebras are also given. Moreover, we prove that these conformal superalgebras are generated by their finite-dimensional subspaces of minimal weight in a certain sense. It is shown that a conformal superalgebra is simple if and only if its generated Lie superalgebra does not contain a proper nontrivial ideal with a one-variable structure

  9. Spatial and null infinity via advanced and retarded conformal factors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayward, Sean A.

    2003-01-01

    A new approach to space-time asymptotics is presented, refining Penrose's idea of conformal transformations with infinity represented by the conformal boundary of space-time. It is proposed that the Penrose conformal factor be a product of advanced and retarded conformal factors, which asymptotically relate physical and conformal null coordinates and vanish at future and past null infinity respectively. A refined definition of asymptotic flatness at both spatial and null infinity is given, including that the conformal boundary is locally a light cone, with spatial infinity as the vertex. It is shown how to choose the conformal factors so that this asymptotic light cone is locally a metric light cone. The theory is implemented in the spin-coefficient (or null-tetrad) formalism by a joint transformation of the spin-metric and spin-basis (or metric and tetrad). Asymptotic regularity conditions are proposed, based on the conformal boundary locally being a smoothly embedded metric light cone. These conditions ensure that the Bondi-Sachs energy-flux integrals of ingoing and outgoing gravitational radiation decay at spatial infinity such that the total radiated energy is finite, and that the Bondi-Sachs energy-momentum has a unique limit at spatial infinity, coinciding with the uniquely rendered ADM energy-momentum

  10. AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS FISICO-QUÍMICO DE POLPAS CONGELADAS DE GRAVIOLA COMERCIALIZADA EM SUPERMERCADOS DE SÃO LUÍS - MA

    OpenAIRE

    Leal, Romário Cardoso; Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA; dos Reis, Valéria Bittencourt; Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA; da Luz, Djavania Azevêdo; Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA

    2013-01-01

    Foi avaliada a qualidade da polpa congelada de graviola comercializada em supermercados de São Luís - MA, através de parâmetros físico-químicos, com a finalidade de verificar a sua adequação às normas e padrões vigentes no país. Os resultados obtidos para a polpa de graviola foram comparados com o P.I.Q. de suco dessa fruta. Os resultados indicaram que as amostras não atenderam ao padrão, conforme legislação vigente, entretanto, continuam sendo uma fonte rica em vitamina C, com até um quarto ...

  11. Dynamical realizations of l-conformal Newton–Hooke group

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Galajinsky, Anton; Masterov, Ivan

    2013-01-01

    The method of nonlinear realizations and the technique previously developed in [A. Galajinsky, I. Masterov, Nucl. Phys. B 866 (2013) 212, (arXiv:1208.1403)] are used to construct a dynamical system without higher derivative terms, which holds invariant under the l-conformal Newton–Hooke group. A configuration space of the model involves coordinates, which parametrize a particle moving in d spatial dimensions and a conformal mode, which gives rise to an effective external field. The dynamical system describes a generalized multi-dimensional oscillator, which undergoes accelerated/decelerated motion in an ellipse in accord with evolution of the conformal mode. Higher derivative formulations are discussed as well. It is demonstrated that the multi-dimensional Pais–Uhlenbeck oscillator enjoys the l=3/2 -conformal Newton–Hooke symmetry for a particular choice of its frequencies

  12. On the Conformable Fractional Quantum Mechanics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mozaffari, F. S.; Hassanabadi, H.; Sobhani, H.; Chung, W. S.

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, a conformable fractional quantum mechanic has been introduced using three postulates. Then in such a formalism, Schr¨odinger equation, probability density, probability flux and continuity equation have been derived. As an application of considered formalism, a fractional-radial harmonic oscillator has been considered. After obtaining its wave function and energy spectrum, effects of the conformable fractional parameter on some quantities have been investigated and plotted for different excited states.

  13. Thermal Studies of Zn(II, Cd(II and Hg(II Complexes of Some <em>N-Alkyl-N>-Phenyl-Dithiocarbamates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter A. Ajibade

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available The thermal decomposition of Zn(II, Cd(II and Hg(II complexes of <em>N-ethyl-N>-phenyl and <em>N-butyl-N>-phenyl dithiocarbamates have been studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC. The products of the decomposition, at two different temperatures, were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX. The results show that while the zinc and cadmium complexes undergo decomposition to form metal sulphides, and further undergo oxidation forming metal oxides as final products, the mercury complexes gave unstable volatiles as the final product.

  14. Closed forms for conformally flat Green's functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brown, M.R.; Grove, P.G.; Ottewill, A.C.

    1981-01-01

    A closed form is obtained for the massless scalar Green's function on Rindler space. This is related by conformal transformation to the Green's function for a massless, conformally coupled scalar field on the open Einstein universe. A closed form is also obtained for the corresponding Green's function on the Einstein static universe. (author)

  15. Topics in conformal field theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kiritsis, E.B.

    1988-01-01

    In this work two major topics in Conformal Field Theory are discussed. First a detailed investigation of N = 2 Superconformal theories is presented. The structure of the representations of the N = 2 superconformal algebras is investigated and the character formulae are calculated. The general structure of N = 2 superconformal theories is elucidated and the operator algebra of the minimal models is derived. The first minimal system is discussed in more detail. Second, applications of the conformal techniques are studied in the Ashkin-Teller model. The c = 1 as well as the c = 1/2 critical lines are discussed in detail

  16. Identification of Serine Conformers by Matrix-Isolation IR Spectroscopy Aided by Near-Infrared Laser-Induced Conformational Change, 2D Correlation Analysis, and Quantum Mechanical Anharmonic Computations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Najbauer, Eszter E; Bazsó, Gábor; Apóstolo, Rui; Fausto, Rui; Biczysko, Malgorzata; Barone, Vincenzo; Tarczay, György

    2015-08-20

    The conformers of α-serine were investigated by matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy combined with NIR laser irradiation. This method, aided by 2D correlation analysis, enabled unambiguously grouping the spectral lines to individual conformers. On the basis of comparison of at least nine experimentally observed vibrational transitions of each conformer with empirically scaled (SQM) and anharmonic (GVPT2) computed IR spectra, six conformers were identified. In addition, the presence of at least one more conformer in Ar matrix was proved, and a short-lived conformer with a half-life of (3.7 ± 0.5) × 10(3) s in N2 matrix was generated by NIR irradiation. The analysis of the NIR laser-induced conversions revealed that the excitation of the stretching overtone of both the side chain and the carboxylic OH groups can effectively promote conformational changes, but remarkably different paths were observed for the two kinds of excitations.

  17. Freqüência de consumo de dietas ricas em gordura e pobres em fibra entre adolescentes Frequency of high-fat and low-fiber diets among adolescents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilda Borges Neutzling

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a freqüência e os fatores associados ao consumo de dietas ricas em gordura e pobres em fibra em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo de delineamento transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 12 anos, realizado em 2004/2005, em Pelotas, RS. A freqüência alimentar no ano anterior à pesquisa foi avaliada pelo questionário de Block, composto por 24 itens alimentares, pontuados de acordo com a freqüência de consumo de alimentos ricos em fibras e gorduras. Na análise bruta, as prevalências de dietas ricas em gordura e pobres em fibra foram comparadas conforme sub-grupos das variáveis independentes (sexo, cor da pele, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade materna e estado nutricional do adolescente. Para controle de fatores de confusão, uma análise multivariável por regressão de Poisson foi realizada para cada desfecho. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 4.452 adolescentes, representando 87,5% da coorte original. A maioria dos jovens (83,9% consumia dieta pobre em fibra, e mais de um terço deles (36,6% consumia dieta rica em gordura. O nível socioeconômico e a escolaridade materna mostraram-se diretamente associados com a prevalência de consumo de dietas ricas em gordura. Jovens dos níveis socioeconômicos A+B e C apresentaram menor freqüência de consumo de dietas pobres em fibra. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de dietas ricas em gordura e pobres em fibra foi elevada nessa população de adolescentes. Políticas públicas dirigidas aos determinantes dos hábitos alimentares são necessárias e urgentes.OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and associated factors of high-fat and low-fiber diets among adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents aged 10-12 years in Pelotas, southern Brazil, in 2004 and 2005. Dietary patterns in the previous 12 months were evaluated using the Block questionnaire comprising 24 food items scored according to the frequency of consumption of high-fat and low-fiber food. In

  18. Conformal special relativity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maia, M.D.

    2006-01-01

    It is shown that the information loss/recovery theorem based on the ADS/CFT correspondence is not consistent with the stability of the Schwarzschild or Reissner-Nordstrom black holes. Nonetheless, the conformal invariance of Yang-Mills theory points to new relativity principle compatible with quantum unitarity near those black holes

  19. Detection of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility Detecção de câncer de testículo em homens com infertilidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Firmbach Pasqualotto

    2003-01-01

    detectado em um período acima de 15 anos. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados com ultra-sonografia. As indicações para ultra-sonografia foram dor testicular em dois pacientes, suspeita de massa palpável em quatro, e descartar a presença de neoplasia de células germinativas em um paciente com carcinoma in situ detectado em biópsia prévia. Exame físico, achados histológicos, níveis hormonais, marcadores tumorais, e resultados de gravidez foram avaliados nos prontuários dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Dois homens tinham níveis séricos elevados de hormônio folículo-estimulante e hormônio luteinizante; um destes tinha níveis anormalmente baixos de testosterona. Marcadores tumorais estavam normais em todos os pacientes. Em quatro pacientes, o tumor estava localizado no testículo direito e em três no esquerdo. Os diagnósticos histológicos foram seminoma (n = 5, tumor de células de Leydig (n = 1 e carcinoma in situ (n = 1. Dos sete pacientes, cinco foram submetidos à radioterapia. Dois pacientes congelaram seus espermatozóides. Acompanhamento no estado de fertilidade estava disponível em seis pacientes. Um paciente estabeleceu gravidez e cinco não conseguiram engravidar após tratamento do câncer. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos homens com câncer de testículo e infertilidade possui um seminoma. Homens que se apresentam com infertilidade devem ser cuidadosamente investigados para descartar doenças concomitantes e sérias juntamente com a infertilidade.

  20. On conformal invariance in gauge theories. Quantum electrodynamics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zaikov, R.P.

    1983-01-01

    In the present paper another nontrivial model of the conformal quantum electrodynamics is proposed. The main hypothesis is that the electromagnetic potential together with an additional zero scale, dimensional scalar field is transformed by a nonbasic and, consequently, nondecomposable representation of the conformal group. There are found nontrivial conformal covariant two-point functions and an invariant action from which equations of motion are derived. There is considered the covariant procedure of quantization and it is shown that the norm of one-particle physical states is positive definite

  1. LAYOUT CELULAR: PROPOSTA E IMPLANTAÇÃO EM EMPRESA START-UP DE TECNOLOGIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucas Almeida Dos Santos

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available A escolha correta de um layout proporciona à organização se adaptar para melhor utilizar seus recursos em busca da melhoria contínua. A presente pesquisa, apresenta a elaboração e implantação de um layout celular tendo por base o uso das ferramentas de processos, Fluxograma, 5W2H e Diagrama de causa e efeito, no apoio da tomada de decisão do melhor layout a ser implantado.  Diante do exposto, o escopo da pesquisa objetiva apresentar a implantação do layout celular em uma empresa start-up de tecnologia, bem como os resultados obtidos mediante a proposta apresentada. Como metodologia de pesquisa, definiu-se o presente estudo como um estudo de caso, onde foi possível realizar a análise da estrutura física que corresponde a 60 m² de área de produção, para implementar o layout celular. Como principal resultado obtido destaca-se o sucesso da implantação, onde, o mesmo atendeu todas as necessidades de fabricação do produto na organização pesquisada. Concomitantemente a evolução do layout, foram definidos quatro postos de trabalho, onde se tem a entrada de MP (matéria-prima em A e a saída do produto acabado em D, conforme exposto nos resultados.

  2. 47 CFR 68.350 - Revocation of Supplier's Declaration of Conformity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... Conformity. 68.350 Section 68.350 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... Terminal Equipment Approval § 68.350 Revocation of Supplier's Declaration of Conformity. (a) The Commission may revoke any Supplier's Declaration of Conformity for cause in accordance with the provisions of...

  3. Prevalência de dor crônica em adultos Prevalencia de dolor cronico en adultos Prevalence of chronic pain in adult workers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Clara Giorio Dutra Kreling

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available A dor crônica é um problema de saúde pública que acarreta prejuízos pessoais e sociais. Estudos epidemiológicos de dor crônica no Brasil e no resto do mundo são escassos, principalmente em se tratando de dores não específicas e em populações não vinculadas a serviços de saúde. Foram objetivos desse estudo: identificar a prevalência de dor crônica em adultos trabalhadores; analisar a prevalência de dor crônica conforme o sexo; e analisar a prevalência de dor conforme locais do corpo. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra de 505 funcionários da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Paraná, Brasil, considerando-se uma prevalência esperada de 50%, margem de erro de 4% na estimativa e nível de confiança de 95%. Estabeleceram-se como significativos os valores de pEl dolor crónico es un problema de salud pública que puede acarrear prejuicios personales y sociales. Estudios epidemiológicos del dolor crónico en Brasil y en el resto del mundo son escasos, máxime cuando se trata de los dolores no específicos y en poblaciones que no se vinculam a los servícios de salud. Esse estudio tuvo como objetivos: identificar la prevalencia del dolor crónico em adultos trabajadores; analizar la prevalencia del dolor conforme regiones del cuerpo. Esa investigación fue realizada con una muestra de 505 funcionarios de la Universidad Estadual de Londrina, considerándose una prevalencia esperada de 50%, margen de error de 4% em la estimativa y nivel de confianza de 95%. Se estableció como significativo los valores de pChronic pain is a public health problem which causes personal and social losses. There are few epidemiological studies of chronic pain in Brazil and elsewhere in the world, especially those dealing with non-specific pain, in general population. The objectives of this study were: to identify the prevalence of chronic pain in adult workers; to analyze the prevalence of chronic pain according to gender, and local of pain

  4. Conformal field theories near a boundary in general dimensions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McAvity, D.M.

    1995-01-01

    The implications of restricted conformal invariance under conformal transformations preserving a plane boundary are discussed for general dimensions d. Calculations of the universal function of a conformal invariant ξ which appears in the two-point function of scalar operators in conformally invariant theories with a plane boundary are undertaken to first order in the ε=4-d expansion for the operator φ 2 in φ 4 theory. The form for the associated functions of ξ for the two-point functions for the basic field φ α and the auxiliary field λ in the N→∞ limit of the O(N) non-linear sigma model for any d in the range 2 α φ β and λλ. Using this method the form of the two-point function for the energy-momentum tensor in the conformal O(N) model with a plane boundary is also found. General results for the sum of the contributions of all derivative operators appearing in the operator product expansion, and also in a corresponding boundary operator expansion, to the two-point functions are also derived making essential use of conformal invariance. (orig.)

  5. Hidden symmetries of integrable conformal mechanical systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hakobyan, Tigran; Krivonos, Sergey; Lechtenfeld, Olaf; Nersessian, Armen

    2010-01-01

    We split the generic conformal mechanical system into a 'radial' and an 'angular' part, where the latter is defined as the Hamiltonian system on the orbit of the conformal group, with the Casimir function in the role of the Hamiltonian. We reduce the analysis of the constants of motion of the full system to the study of certain differential equations on this orbit. For integrable mechanical systems, the conformal invariance renders them superintegrable, yielding an additional series of conserved quantities originally found by Wojciechowski in the rational Calogero model. Finally, we show that, starting from any N=4 supersymmetric 'angular' Hamiltonian system one may construct a new system with full N=4 superconformal D(1,2;α) symmetry.

  6. Isomonodromic tau-functions from Liouville conformal blocks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iorgov, N.; Lisovyy, O.

    2014-01-01

    The goal of this note is to show that the Riemann-Hilbert problem to find multivalued analytic functions with SL(2,C)-valued monodromy on Riemann surfaces of genus zero with n punctures can be solved by taking suitable linear combinations of the conformal blocks of Liouville theory at c=1. This implies a similar representation for the isomonodromic tau-function. In the case n=4 we thereby get a proof of the relation between tau-functions and conformal blocks discovered in O. Gamayun, N. Iorgov, and O. Lisovyy (2012). We briefly discuss a possible application of our results to the study of relations between certain N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories and conformal field theory.

  7. Conservazione e gestione della Lepre italica (<em>Lepus corsicanusem>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesco Riga

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Il recente riconoscimento dello <em>status> specifico della Lepre italica (<em>Lepus corsicanusem> e l?accertamento dell?areale distributivo rappresentano le azioni più importanti per la conservazione di un <em>taxon endemicoem> che si era creduto estinto. Nella penisola la specie presenta un areale discontinuo, il cui limite settentrionale è dato dal comune di Manciano (GR, sul versante tirrenico e da una linea che dalla provincia de L'Aquila arriva al Gargano. In Sicilia la distribuzione è relativamente continua anche in aree non protette. Dati genetici hanno permesso di confermare la presenza in Corsica. Al contrario, nell?Isola d'Elba, a seguito di estese ricerche, sono stati identificati solo esemplari di <em>L. europaeusem>. Nell?Italia peninsulare <em>L. corsicanusem> è spesso presente in simpatria con popolazioni di <em>L. europaeusem>, mentre in Sicilia la lepre europea non ha originato popolazioni stabili, nonostante l?immissione di molte migliaia di individui. La distribuzione ecologica di <em>L. corsicanusem> ed analisi ambientali specifiche, suggeriscono l?adattamento prevalente agli ambienti a clima mediterraneo, benché essa sia presente anche a quote elevate (> 1.500 m s.l.m.. Dati preliminari di abbondanza relativa hanno evidenziato una situazione diversificata tra la penisola e la Sicilia e tra aree a diverso regime di gestione; un confronto tra le aree protette ha evidenziato rispettivamente valori di 5,54 e 11,73 ind./km². La riduzione quali-quantitativa e la frammentazione dell?<em>habitat> delle lepri è un fenomeno potenzialmente pericoloso per la sopravvivenza delle popolazioni, determinando fenomeni di estinzione locale dovuti alle basse densità di popolazione, inducendo fenomeni di erosione della variabilità genetica e di riduzione della <em>fitness> degli individui. L?introduzione di <em>L. europaeusem> può costituire un importante fattore limitante sia per la possibile competizione

  8. From global to heavy-light: 5-point conformal blocks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alkalaev, Konstantin; Belavin, Vladimir

    2016-01-01

    We consider Virasoro conformal blocks in the large central charge limit. There are different regimes depending on the behavior of the conformal dimensions. The most simple regime is reduced to the global sl(2,ℂ) conformal blocks while the most complicated one is known as the classical conformal blocks. Recently, Fitzpatrick, Kaplan, and Walters showed that the two regimes are related through the intermediate stage of the so-called heavy-light semiclassical limit. We study this idea in the particular case of the 5-point conformal block. To find the 5-point global block we use the projector technique and the Casimir operator approach. Furthermore, we discuss the relation between the global and the heavy-light limits and construct the heavy-light block from the global block. In this way we reproduce our previous results for the 5-point perturbative classical block obtained by means of the monodromy method.

  9. Fertilidade de fêmeas Nelore após inseminação artificial em tempo fixo conforme a contagem de folículos antrais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Soares Rodrigues

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do número de folículos antrais sobre as taxas de concepção de fêmeas Nelore, em programa de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF. Para isso, 481 fêmeas foram submetidas a um protocolo de IATF e avaliadas quanto à contagem de folículos antrais (CFA e ao diagnóstico de gestação. Os animais foram agrupados nas categorias de CFA baixa (53. Não houve diferença entre as taxas de concepção obtidas nas categorias de CFA em IATF com uso de gonadotrofina coriônica.

  10. Conformational flexibility of aspartame.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toniolo, Claudio; Temussi, Pierandrea

    2016-05-01

    L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, better known as aspartame, is not only one of the most used artificial sweeteners, but also a very interesting molecule with respect to the correlation between molecular structure and taste. The extreme conformational flexibility of this dipeptide posed a huge difficulty when researchers tried to use it as a lead compound to design new sweeteners. In particular, it was difficult to take advantage of its molecular model as a mold to infer the shape of the, then unknown, active site of the sweet taste receptor. Here, we follow the story of the 3D structural aspects of aspartame from early conformational studies to recent docking into homology models of the receptor. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 376-384, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  11. Identification of Serine Conformers by Matrix-Isolation IR Spectroscopy Aided by Near-Infrared Laser Induced Conformational Change, 2D Correlation Analysis, and Quantum Mechanical Anharmonic Computations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Najbauer, Eszter E.; Bazsó, Gábor; Apóstolo, Rui; Fausto, Rui; Biczysko, Malgorzata; Barone, Vincenzo; Tarczay, György

    2018-01-01

    The conformers of α-serine were investigated by matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy combined with NIR laser irradiation. This method, aided by 2D correlation analysis, enabled unambiguously grouping the spectral lines to individual conformers. On the basis of comparison of at least nine experimentally observed vibrational transitions of each conformer with empirically scaled (SQM) and anharmonic (GVPT2) computed IR spectra, 6 conformers were identified. In addition, the presence of at least one more conformer in Ar matrix was proved, and a short-lived conformer with a half-live of (3.7±0.5)·103 s in N2 matrix was generated by NIR irradiation. The analysis of the NIR laser induced conversions revealed that the excitation of the stretching overtone of both the side-chain and the carboxylic OH groups can effectively promote conformational changes, but remarkably different paths were observed for the two kinds of excitations. PMID:26201050

  12. Crystal structures and conformers of CyMe4-BTBP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lyczko Krzysztof

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The crystal structure of new conformation of the CyMe4-BTBP ligand (ttc has been presented. The ttt conformer of this compound in a form of THF solvate has been also crystallized. The geometries of six possible conformations (ttt, ttc, tct, tcc, ctc and ccc of the CyMe4-BTBP ligand have been modeled in the gas phase and in solutions (MeOH and H2O by DFT calculations using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p method. According to the calculations, in the three different media the conformers with trans orientation of the N atoms in the bipyridyl moiety are the most stable.

  13. An Efficient Null Model for Conformational Fluctuations in Proteins

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Harder, Tim Philipp; Borg, Mikael; Bottaro, Sandro

    2012-01-01

    Protein dynamics play a crucial role in function, catalytic activity, and pathogenesis. Consequently, there is great interest in computational methods that probe the conformational fluctuations of a protein. However, molecular dynamics simulations are computationally costly and therefore are often...... limited to comparatively short timescales. TYPHON is a probabilistic method to explore the conformational space of proteins under the guidance of a sophisticated probabilistic model of local structure and a given set of restraints that represent nonlocal interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or disulfide...... on conformational fluctuations that is in correspondence with experimental measurements. TYPHON provides a flexible, yet computationally efficient, method to explore possible conformational fluctuations in proteins....

  14. Methyl 2-Benzamido-2-(1<em>H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethoxyacetate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alami Anouar

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available The heterocyclic carboxylic α-aminoester methyl 2-benzamido-2-(1<em>H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethoxyacetate is obtained by <em>O>-alkylation of methyl α-azido glycinate <em>N>-benzoylated with 1<em>H>-benzimidazol-1-ylmethanol.

  15. Hypotrochoids in conformal restriction systems and Virasoro descendants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Doyon, Benjamin

    2013-01-01

    A conformal restriction system is a commutative, associative, unital algebra equipped with a representation of the groupoid of univalent conformal maps on connected open sets of the Riemann sphere, along with a family of linear functionals on subalgebras, satisfying a set of properties including conformal invariance and a type of restriction. This embodies some expected properties of expectation values in conformal loop ensembles CLE κ (at least for 8/3 iθ and w. We find that it has an expansion in positive powers of u and u-bar , and that the coefficients of pure u ( u-bar ) powers are holomorphic in w ( w-bar ). We identify these coefficients (the ‘hypotrochoid fields’) with certain Virasoro descendants of the identity field in conformal field theory, thereby showing that they form part of a vertex operator algebraic structure. This largely generalizes works by the author (in CLE), and the author with his collaborators Riva and Cardy (in SLE 8/3 and other restriction measures), where the case of the ellipse, at the order u 2 , led to the stress–energy tensor of CFT. The derivation uses in an essential way the Virasoro vertex operator algebra structure of conformal derivatives established recently by the author. The results suggest in particular the exact evaluation of CLE expectations of products of hypotrochoid fields as well as nontrivial relations amongst them through the vertex operator algebra, and further shed light onto the relationship between CLE and CFT. (paper)

  16. Lentigo maligno na face: um desafio na conduta

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    Cíntia da Silva Gomes

    Full Text Available Resumo O lentigo maligno é um melanoma in situ, de crescimento radial e lento, que acomete áreas fotoexpostas principalmente em idosos. Quando acomete a pálpebra, devido à proximidade a um órgão nobre, a conduta é controversa, porém a cirurgia é o método mais usado, com margens que variam de acordo com a referência utilizada. Terapias conservadoras são descritas, como o imiquimode 5% e a radioterapia. O presente relato tem como objetivo demonstrar a escassez de estudos sobre a margem cirúrgica e citar opções de tratamentos não cirúrgicos para o lentigo maligno da face.

  17. Massive Conformal Gravity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faria, F. F.

    2014-01-01

    We construct a massive theory of gravity that is invariant under conformal transformations. The massive action of the theory depends on the metric tensor and a scalar field, which are considered the only field variables. We find the vacuum field equations of the theory and analyze its weak-field approximation and Newtonian limit.

  18. The conforming brain and deontological resolve.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pincus, Melanie; LaViers, Lisa; Prietula, Michael J; Berns, Gregory

    2014-01-01

    Our personal values are subject to forces of social influence. Deontological resolve captures how strongly one relies on absolute rules of right and wrong in the representation of one's personal values and may predict willingness to modify one's values in the presence of social influence. Using fMRI, we found that a neurobiological metric for deontological resolve based on relative activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) during the passive processing of sacred values predicted individual differences in conformity. Individuals with stronger deontological resolve, as measured by greater VLPFC activity, displayed lower levels of conformity. We also tested whether responsiveness to social reward, as measured by ventral striatal activity during social feedback, predicted variability in conformist behavior across individuals but found no significant relationship. From these results we conclude that unwillingness to conform to others' values is associated with a strong neurobiological representation of social rules.

  19. The conforming brain and deontological resolve.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melanie Pincus

    Full Text Available Our personal values are subject to forces of social influence. Deontological resolve captures how strongly one relies on absolute rules of right and wrong in the representation of one's personal values and may predict willingness to modify one's values in the presence of social influence. Using fMRI, we found that a neurobiological metric for deontological resolve based on relative activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC during the passive processing of sacred values predicted individual differences in conformity. Individuals with stronger deontological resolve, as measured by greater VLPFC activity, displayed lower levels of conformity. We also tested whether responsiveness to social reward, as measured by ventral striatal activity during social feedback, predicted variability in conformist behavior across individuals but found no significant relationship. From these results we conclude that unwillingness to conform to others' values is associated with a strong neurobiological representation of social rules.

  20. Conformity to Peer Pressure in Preschool Children

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haun, Daniel B. M.; Tomasello, Michael

    2011-01-01

    Both adults and adolescents often conform their behavior and opinions to peer groups, even when they themselves know better. The current study investigated this phenomenon in 24 groups of 4 children between 4;2 and 4;9 years of age. Children often made their judgments conform to those of 3 peers, who had made obviously erroneous but unanimous…