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Sample records for em perfis tubulares

  1. Estudo teórico, numérico e experimental de treliças mistas em perfis tubulares.

    OpenAIRE

    Martins, Joel Donizete

    2014-01-01

    Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento de treliças mistas em perfis metálicos com seção transversal tubular associadas a lajes maciças de concreto armado. Foram analisados os resultados experimentais de uma treliça mista em escala real com vão de 10000 mm, laje com 2000 mm de largura e 100 mm de espessura, com perfis em seção tubular circular nas diago...

  2. Perfis tubulares : aspectos arquitetônicos e estruturais.

    OpenAIRE

    Gerken, Fernanda de Sousa

    2003-01-01

    Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma visão geral da utilização das estruturas tubulares no contexto da evolução das estruturas metálicas em geral, com destaque para o estudo de obras que mostram o estado da arte da construção tubular no Brasil. A utilização dos perfis tubulares estruturais é abordada tanto do ponto de vista da ...

  3. Uma grade de perfis teóricos para estrelas massivas em transição

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nascimento, C. M. P.; Machado, M. A.

    2003-08-01

    Na XXVIII Reunião Anual da Sociedade Astronômica Brasileira (2002) apresentamos uma grade de perfis calculados de acordo com os pontos da trajetória evolutiva de metalicidade solar, Z = 0.02 e taxa de perda de massa () padrão, para estrelas com massa inicial de 25, 40, 60, 85 e 120 massas solares. Estes perfis foram calculados com o auxílio de um código numérico adequado para descrever os ventos de objetos massivos, supondo simetria esférica, estacionaridade e homogeneidade. No presente trabalho, apresentamos a complementação da grade com os perfis teóricos relativos às trajetórias de Z = 0.02 com taxa de perda de massa dobrada em relação a padrão (2´), e de metalicidade Z = 0.008. Para cada ponto das três trajetórias obtemos os perfis teóricos de Ha, Hb, Hg e Hd, e como esperado eles se apresentam em pura emissão, pura absorção ou em P-Cygni. Para valores de taxa de perda de massa muito baixos (~10-7) não há formação de linhas, o que é visto nos primeiros pontos em todas as trajetórias. Em geral, para um mesmo ponto a componente de emissão diminui e a absorção aumenta de Ha para Hd. É verificado que as trajetórias com Z = 0.02 e padrão possuem menos circuitos (loops) do que as com metalicidade Z = 0.02 e 2´ padrão, e seus perfis são, em geral, menos intensos. Em relação a trajetória de Z = 0.008, verifica-se menos circuitos e maior variação em luminosidade, e seus perfis mostram-se em, algumas trajetórias, mais intensos. Verificamos também que, pontos distintos em uma mesma trajetória, apresentam perfis diferentes para valores similares de luminosidade e temperatura efetiva. Sendo assim, uma grade de perfis teóricos parece ser útil para fornecer uma informação preliminar sobre o estágio evolutivo de uma estrela massiva.

  4. Efeitos da Energia de Soldagem e Consumível sobre a Resistência à Flexão Simples de Juntas Soldadas em Perfis Tubulares de Aço TMCP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Luciano Dalcin

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo A introdução dos aços fabricados por processamento termomecânico controlado (TMCP demandou maiores propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas das juntas soldadas sobre eles produzidas. Em função desses fatores, a energia de soldagem é estritamente limitada, e para evitar uma eventual redução da resistência mecânica da zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC, é necessário testar os procedimentos de soldagem próximos daqueles que serão usados na estrutura real. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é obter dados detalhados referentes à eficiência mecânica de juntas soldadas pelo processo MAG e com diferentes energias de soldagem, sobre perfis tubulares quadrados em aço TMCP, formando um conjunto soldado coluna/viga. Portanto, seis distintas energias de soldagem e dois metais de adição foram utilizados (AWS ER80S-G e AWS ER120S-G, com as soldas posicionadas em todo o contorno do perfil. As doze estruturas soldadas foram instrumentadas e submetidas à flexão simples. Comparando-se as juntas soldadas produzidas com mesma energia de soldagem, e apesar dos efeitos similares sobre a zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC, aquelas fabricadas com o consumível AWS ER120S-G apresentaram maior resistência mecânica.

  5. Pedogeoquímica em perfis de alteração na região de Lavras (MG. II - elementos menores e elementos das terras raras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. P. C. Lacerda

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Na região de Lavras, MG, analisou-se o comportamento geoquímico dos elementos menores (EM e elementos das terras raras (ETR ao longo da evolução pedogenética em perfis de solos com horizonteB textural, individualizados a partir de rochas de composição ácida, intermediária e básica do substrato. Nos perfis, realizaram-se análises químicas de EM e ETR, avaliando perdas e ganhos pelo balanço químico de massa. O estudo possibilitou o grupamento dos EM em duas classes: (amobilidade moderada a alta: perda da rocha fresca até o sólum; (bmobilidade moderada: enriquecimento relativo e eventualmente real no sólum. O comportamento dos ETR revelou grande mobilidade ao longo da evolução dos perfis de alteração.

  6. Vigas mistas com laje de concreto e perfis laminados tipo I: análise comparativa do comportamento estrutural entre conectores

    OpenAIRE

    RIBEIRO NETO, Juliano Geraldo

    2010-01-01

    Dentre os diversos sistemas estruturais e construtivos existentes, destacam-se os sistemas formados por elementos mistos aço-concreto, cuja combinação de perfis de aço e concreto visa aproveitar as vantagens de cada material, tanto em termos estruturais como construtivos. Um fato corriqueiro que pode ser observado na execução de obras metálicas é a substituição de perfis especificados em projeto por outros equivalentes. Essa substituição, muitas vezes motivada pela falta do material especific...

  7. Perfis de polietileno reciclado carregado com fibra de açaí

    OpenAIRE

    BRITO, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira

    2012-01-01

    Foram obtidos perfis tubulares porosos de polietileno (PE) e de polietileno/fibra de açaí (PE/PA) 80/20 extrudados a partir de partículas granuladas de polietileno de alta densidade reciclado de embalagens pós-consumo de 600 μm, e deste com fibra de açaí de 300 μm. Para o processamento das peças foi desenvolvida uma extrusora mono-rosca de bancada, com sistema mecânico acionado por um motor elétrico de ½ CV (0,37 kw) controlado por um inversor de freqüência, com canhões, roscas, matriz e sist...

  8. Micropedologia da alteração em perfis de solos com B textural na região de Lavras, Minas Gerais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. P. C. Lacerda

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Na região de Lavras (MG, foram selecionados perfis de solos com horizonte B textural para a avaliação micropedológica dos processos de alteração e investigação de características de evolução pedológica vinculadas ao material de origem. Os solos com horizonte B textural foram selecionados para tal estudo, dado seu grau de evolução que permite avaliar características herdadas da rocha original. Foram escolhidas classes de solos com B textural, desenvolvidos em relevo ondulado a forte ondulado, a partir de materiais geológicos litoquimicamente distintos: Perfil 1 - Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, originado por alteração de rochas do domínio geológico Granito de Itutinga; Perfil 2 - Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico, desenvolvido a partir de rochas do domínio geológico Diorito do Rosário; e Perfil 3 - Chernossolo Argilúvico férrico, desenvolvido a partir de rochas do domínio geológico Greenstone-belt de Lavras. Ao longo dos perfis de alteração selecionados, realizaram-se análises petrográficas dos fácies rocha fresca e rocha alterada, bem como análises micromorfológicas dos fácies alterito, de transição e sólum. Para avaliar os processos de alteração, observaram-se as reações de alteração e feições texturais, com auxílio da difração de raios-X com vistas em identificar a mineralogia da fração argila, numa discussão envolvendo material de origem versus processos de alteração pedogenética, possibilitando estabelecer a ordem de destruição dos minerais primários. A evolução dos processos de alteração ao longo dos perfis mostrou-se diretamente vinculada à textura, composição química e mineralógica dos materiais originais, refletindo-se nas características micromorfológicas e composição mineralógica dos horizontes que compõem cada perfil, especialmente o horizonte diagnóstico - B textural.

  9. Gênero, performance eleitoral e perfis

    OpenAIRE

    Resende, Roberta Carnelos

    2010-01-01

    Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a participação das mulheres na Assembléia Legislativa do Paraná a partir da implementação da política de cotas de gênero, bem como verificar os perfis diferenciais dos candidatos e sua relação com a eleição. Para tanto, construímos um banco de dados com 1378 observações, a partir de dados do TSE, que representa cada uma das candidaturas. Foram elaboradas variáveis que compõem os perfis social, econômico e político dos candidatos. Os métodos utiliza...

  10. Efeito de impactos repetidos de baixa energia em compósitos pultrudados

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    Morais Willy Ank de

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Danos internos podem ser gerados em compósitos de matriz polimérica submetidos a impactos de baixa energia. O efeito repetido de eventos desse tipo pode levar, eventualmente, à falha da estrutura. Neste trabalho dois tipos de perfis pultrudados foram submetidos a impactos por queda livre de peso de 0,5 m e 1,0 m de altura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados em função da disposição das fibras nos perfis e mostram que a existência de uma camada rica em resina em um dos perfis, contribui para reduzir significativamente o desempenho deste perfil. Este comportamento foi associado à formação prematura de trincas na camada rica em resina. O número de eventos de impacto, o tempo de duração de cada choque e a forma da área danificada foram correlacionados com a presença, ou não, da região rica em resina. Os resultados obtidos indicam ainda que a diferença na microestrutura dos perfis analisados é mais significativa para os ensaios de menor energia (queda de 0,5 m. Para os ensaios de maior energia (queda de 1 m a configuração do material teve apenas uma importância secundária.

  11. Efeito da aplicação sucessiva de precipitações pluviais com diferentes perfis na taxa de infiltração de água no solo

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    João Henrique Zonta

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available O processo de infiltração é influenciado pelas condições da superfície do solo e pela precipitação pluvial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de aplicações sucessivas de precipitações pluviais com diferentes perfis na formação do encrostamento superficial e, consequentemente, na taxa de infiltração de água em solo sem cobertura e com cobertura. Foram aplicadas três precipitações pluviais sucessivas para cada perfil de precipitação pluvial, em intervalos de 24 h, sendo usados os perfis de precipitação pluvial constante, exponencial decrescente, duplo exponencial adiantado e atrasado, com uma lâmina média de 55 mm por aplicação. Buscou-se ajustar um fator de decaimento da taxa de infiltração (Ti em função da energia cinética acumulada da chuva, denominado de fator f, dado pela razão entre a taxa de infiltração estável (Tie com efeito da chuva e a Tie sem o efeito da chuva. Foram avaliadas duas condições de cobertura do solo, solo sem cobertura e solo coberto com palhada, sendo os ensaios de infiltração realizados com um simulador de chuvas, em parcelas experimentais de dimensões de 1,0 x 0,7 m. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de análises gráficas, análise de variância e teste de média. Verificou-se que os diferentes perfis de precipitação pluvial não influenciaram a infiltração de água no solo, tanto para o solo sem cobertura como para o solo com cobertura, sendo esta influenciada somente pelas aplicações sucessivas, com menores valores da taxa de infiltração obtidos na segunda e terceira aplicações. O decréscimo na Ti em solo sem cobertura foi devido à formação de encrostamento superficial, o que ocorreu logo na primeira aplicação. A Tie em solo sem cobertura teve decréscimo de 75 % se comparada à Tie em solo com cobertura. A lâmina infiltrada não foi influenciado pelos quatro perfis de precipitação pluvial. O fator f foi descrito com uso de uma equa

  12. Inferências sobre o calendário agrícola a partir de perfis temporais de NDVI/MODIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Cybis Fontana

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Um dos maiores desafios para a modelagem de rendimentos de grãos, no contexto das estimativas de safras feitas de forma operacional para grandes áreas, está relacionado à identificação no tempo dos períodos em que as culturas anuais apresentam maior suscetibilidade a estresses ambientais. Para a cultura da soja, cultivada no período de primavera-verão no sul do Brasil, o principal fator de risco é a ocorrência de estresse hídrico no florescimento e enchimento de grãos. Esses subperíodos ocorrem em períodos distintos ao longo da região de produção como consequência de práticas de manejo diferenciadas dos produtores. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relacionar o calendário agrícola da cultura da soja a perfis temporais do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI/MODIS, com intuito de apresentar/validar uma tecnologia de baixo custo e adequada acurácia para fins de monitoramento e previsão de safras. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados de calendário agrícola (subperíodos de floração, enchimento de grãos e maturação da cultura da soja em regionais da EMATER (RS e imagens NDVI do sensor MODIS. Os resultados mostraram que os perfis temporais de NDVI permitem acompanhar a evolução temporal da biomassa da cultura da soja e determinar a ocorrência dos subperíodos do ciclo. As diferenças no valor do NDVI entre safras, regionais e subperíodos do ciclo da cultura demonstram a sensibilidade deste índice em detectar as respostas das plantas de soja às condições ambientais. Como consequência dos dados de NDVI serem gerados a partir das imagens MODIS, é possível a espacialização da informação acerca dos subperíodos para todas as safras e em todo o Estado, o que permite maior detalhamento temporal e espacial comparativamente à atual disponibilidade dos dados.

  13. Penetrômetro de impacto stolf - programa computacional de dados em EXCEL-VBA

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    Rubismar Stolf

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Há dois principais tipos de penetrômetro, o estático e o dinâmico. No primeiro, uma haste com uma ponta cônica é introduzida contínua e lentamente (quase estático, registrando-se concomitantemente a força de reação que é igual à resistência do solo. No segundo, utiliza-se a mesma haste. Contudo, esta é introduzida por meio da promoção de uma massa de impacto em queda livre. Dessa forma, a teoria pode ser tratada pela dinâmica newtoniana para obtenção da resistência. O objetivo do programa é proporcionar uma ferramenta rápida, facilitadora da computação de dados de resistência do solo, para esse último penetrômetro, resultando tabelas e gráficos já no formato científico. Desenvolvido em linguagem de programação Visual Basic Aplication (VBA, escolheu-se o aplicativo Excel como interface com o usuário pela sua popularidade. É constituído por quatro planilhas, duasauxiliares, sendo duas delas essenciais, Plan1 e 2: Plan1 - dados de entrada (número de impactos e profundidade. Concomitante à digitação, a tabela de resistência é confeccionada com o respectivo gráfico, podendo tabelar 40 perfis. Plan2 - cumpre função especial de equalizar, ou seja, padronizar a profundidade em camadas constantes, permitindo unificar todos os perfis em uma única tabela. Para tal, escolhe-se uma espessura de camada (exemplo: 5 cm; em seguida, o programa coleta os dados de resistência (MPa da Plan1 e interpola os valores para a profundidade de 5 em 5 cm. Após realizar esse procedimento para todas as tabelas da Plan1, o programa gera, na Plan2, uma única tabela com todos os perfis, a média geral e os respectivos gráficos. É possível selecionar os perfis; por exemplo, apenas os medidos na linha ou entrelinha de plantio e eliminar perfis a critério do usuário. Como objetivo complementar, descreve-se a evolução do projeto "Penetrômetro de impacto", iniciado em 1982, cuja técnica passou a ser adotada no meio cient

  14. Impacto de perfis de rádio ocultação GNSS na qualidade das Previsões de tempo do CPTEC/INPE

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    Luiz Fernando Sapucci

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudos sobre a sensibilidade dos modelos de previsão numérica de tempo a erros nas condições iniciais têm evidenciado a contribuição da assimilação de dados na melhoria do desempenho dos mesmos em descrever o estado futuro da atmosfera. Entre outras fontes de dados, a assimilação de perfis atmosféricos obtidos por rádio ocultação Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS tem-se destacado como uma ferramenta adicional na redução das deficiências do sistema de coleta de dados meteorológicos. Com o intuito de explorar os benefícios dessa fonte adicional de dados na previsão numérica de tempo gerada pelo modelo de circulação geral atmosférico do CPTEC/INPE, foram realizados experimentos assimilando perfis atmosféricos de altura geopotencial e umidade obtidos por rádio ocultação GNSS, utilizando dados da constelação Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere & Climate (COSMIC, para os meses de janeiro e julho de 2009. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto é significativamente positivo durante o verão em todas as variáveis de estado, com ganhos expressivos na extensão das previsões válidas (coeficiente de correlação de anomalia acima de 60%, os quais foram em alguns casos superiores a 48 horas. Esse impacto foi ainda maior sobre a América do Sul com resultados positivos mesmo durante o inverno.

  15. Perfis de consumo alcoolico entre pacientes da atencao primaria a saude e seu reconhecimento pelos profissionais de saude

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    Maira Lemos de Castro Taufick

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Neste estudo transversal verificaram-se os perfis de consumo alcoólico entre pacientes das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF em uma cidade do sudeste brasileiro, e o reconhecimento deste consumo pelos profissionais das ESF. Avaliaram-se 932 pacientes adultos entre novembro de 2010 e novembro de 2011. Entre todos, 17,5% faziam consumo de risco (AUDIT ≥ 8, que foi mais frequente em homens, entre as pessoas mais jovens e aqueles sem doenças crônicas. O questionário CAGE foi positivo em 98 (10,5% pacientes, sendo mais frequente em homens. Homens, pessoas com idades ≥ 55 anos, com doenças crônicas ou com consumo alcoólico mais grave foram mais frequentemente questionadas sobre o uso do álcool (438/932; 47,8%. Homens, pessoas de 35 a 54 anos ou com consumo alcoólico mais grave foram mais frequentemente reconhecidos como alcoolistas (22/175; 12,6%. Conclui-se que o consumo do álcool é frequente entre os pacientes atendidos pelas ESF, é pouco reconhecido pelos profissionais e a minoria dos alcoolistas é orientada quanto aos seus riscos.

  16. Viabilidade da utilização de amostras biologicas obtidas de dentes humanos para obtenção de perfis geneticos de DNA

    OpenAIRE

    Leonardo Soriano de Mello Santos

    2009-01-01

    Resumo: Alguns fatores relacionados ao estado e lugares que dentes humanos se encontram, nos que diz respeito a estes enquanto amostras com finalidade forense, ainda constituem desafio ao que tange o uso dos mesmos como material para obtenção de perfis genéticos de DNA. Este estudo visou comparar a extração de DNA feita a partir de dentes humanos com a extração por meios de amostras de sangue fixadas em papel FTA® utilizadas como grupo controle, de maneira a comparar os alelos mapeados e defi...

  17. FAKES NO TWITTER E APROPRIAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES METODOLÓGICAS PARA A COLETA E ANÁLISE DE PERFIS

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    AMARAL, Adriana

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available O artigo discute algumas contribuições metodológicas possíveis para a coleta e análise de dados no processo da pesquisa empírica qualitativa na internet (Fragoso, Recuero e Amaral, 2011, aplicada à observação e análise de perfis fakes do Twitter como forma de apropriação de identidade cultural (Woodward, 2000; Hall, 2002 nos ambientes digitais. O contexto e os resultados aqui debatidos partem do estudo de Santos (2011 sobre perfis fakes de celebridades midiáticas no Twitter. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar algumas possibilidades de exploração dessa plataforma para estudos empíricos sobre esse tema. Os resultados coletados a partir dessas processualidades online demonstram apropriações de características identitárias que geram a empatia dos mesmos com seu público seguidor. Além disso, observamos alguns padrões de usos e tipos de conteúdos produzidos pelos fakes que são construídos através de um aprendizado obtido a partir do uso constante da plataforma em suas limitações e qualidades.

  18. Simulação numérica aplicada para avaliar o efeito da pré-polimerização no comportamento de reatores tubulares Numerical simulation to evaluate the effect from pre-polymerization on the behavior of tubular reactors

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    André L. Nogueira

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo utiliza um modelo matemático fenomenológico para simular um sistema de polimerização contínuo em dois estágios. Este sistema é composto por um reator contínuo tipo tanque agitado (CSTR, para pré-polimerização do monômero (primeiro estágio, associado em série a um reator tubular para conduzir a reação até elevados valores de conversão (segundo estágio. Um modelo detalhado, considerando variações axiais e radiais, assim como operação não-isotérmica, foi utilizado para simular o comportamento do reator tubular em diferentes situações. Um modelo de caracterização também foi desenvolvido para fornecer estimativas do peso molecular médio e do índice de polidispersão do polímero. Os resultados mostram que reações de polimerização conduzidas em sistemas contínuos de dois estágios fornecem um polímero com propriedades menos heterogêneas do que um polímero obtido em um sistema reacional composto por apenas um reator tubular. Além disso, quanto maior a viscosidade da mistura reacional alimentada ao reator tubular, mais homogêneo é o polímero obtido.The present study uses a phenomenological model to simulate a continuous, two-stage polymerization process. This system is composed by a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR for monomer pre-polymerization (first stage, connected to a tubular reactor (second stage to carry out the reaction up to high conversion values. A comprehensive non-isothermal 2-D model (axial and radial variations was used to predict the tubular reactor behavior. A polymer characterization model was also developed to provide estimates of the polymer average molecular weight and polydispersity. According to the results, polymerization reactions carried out in a continuous two-stage system provide a polymer with less heterogeneous properties than the one obtained in a single tubular reactor. Besides, it is possible to produce a more homogeneous polymer increasing the viscosity

  19. Matéria orgânica de horizontes superficiais em topolitossequências em ambiente de Mar de Morros, Pinheiral, RJ

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    Ademir Fontana

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o carbono orgânico e as frações húmicas de horizontes superficiais de perfis de solo em três topolitossequências no ambiente de Mar de Morros, no município de Pinheiral, RJ. Foram selecionadas as topolitossequências: T1 (basalto, T2 (muscovita-biotita-gnaisse e T3 (gabro. Os horizontes superficiais de 14 perfis de solo, sob cobertura de pastagem (T1 e T3 e pastagem mista não manejada e leguminosa (pasto sujo/capoeira (T2, foram descritos e coletados para análises químicas, físicas e do teor de carbono nas frações húmicas. Os teores de carbono orgânico variaram de acordo com o material de origem e decrescem na seguinte ordem: T3 > T1 > T2. Os teores de carbono orgânico aumentam do topo para a várzea na T1, ocorrendo o inverso na T3 e sem um padrão definido na T2. A fração humina predominou em todos os perfis de solo das topolitossequências e foi seguida pela fração ácidos fúlvicos na T1 e de forma equitativa entre as frações ácidos fúlvicos e ácidos húmicos na T2 e T3. Considerando o ambiente similar em termos da vegetação original e o uso agrícola, as mudanças no carbono do solo e nas frações húmicas podem refletir as interações com os componentes minerais e processos pedogenéticos, influenciados pelo material de origem e o relevo.

  20. Desenvolvimento de perfis extrudados de compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade com farinha de madeira

    OpenAIRE

    Cristiano Ribeiro de Santi

    2009-01-01

    A extrusão de perfis poliméricos apresenta algumas peculiaridades decorrentes do comportamento de fluxo destes materiais durante o processamento. Por outro lado, o projeto e construção de matrizes para perfis ainda tem sido mais resultado da experiência dos profissionais envolvidos do que um projeto de engenharia na sua essência. Neste trabalho, procurou-se aliar conceitos de engenharia auxiliada por computador ao comportamento reológico de compósitos termoplásticos reforçados com madeira no ...

  1. GERAÇÃO DE DRENAGEM ÁCIDA E DE CONTAMINAÇÃO POR METAIS PESADOS EM PERFIS DE SOLOS CONSTRUÍDOS EM ÁREA DE MINERAÇÃO DE CARVÃO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dioni Glei Bonini Bitencourt

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Os solos construídos após a extração de carvão a céu aberto são compostos do solo superficial e, ou, do estéril de mineração. As propriedades químicas desses solos diferem das propriedades dos solos naturais, principalmente em razão do processo de sulfurização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de acidificação da pirita e de contaminação com metais pesados ao longo de perfis de solos construídos após mineração de carvão, em áreas de diferentes idades, com e sem recuperação ambiental concomitante com a lavra. Foram selecionadas áreas mineradas denominadas de I e II, sem recuperação ambiental durante a lavra e compostas somente pelo estéril de mineração, representando as áreas mais antigas, e IV e VII, contendo topsoil e em alguns locais na camada de argila, constituindo as áreas mais jovens deste estudo. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas até 2 m de profundidade. Analisaram-se granulometria, densidade de partículas, pH em água, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Na, P, H+Al, potencial de acidificação, potencial de neutralização, potencial líquido, teor de C orgânico e condutividade elétrica no extrato da pasta saturada. Também foram extraídos os metais potencialmente biodisponíveis pela metodologia USEPA 3050B, cujos resultados foram comparados com os valores orientadores de prevenção e investigação para solos. Na análise univariada, foi aplicada a estatística descritiva e o teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. O grau de dispersão de cada variável foi avaliado qualitativamente e classificado como: baixo, moderado ou alto. A análise multivariada de componentes principais foi realizada para os solos construídos das áreas I, II, IV e VII; posteriormente, foram construídos biplots dos primeiros componentes principais. Os solos construídos das áreas mais antigas evidenciaram menores pHs e significativo potencial de acidificação. As camadas superficiais detopsoil, dos solos das

  2. Contratos flexíveis de trabalho: diferentes perfis de trabalhadores qualificados brasileiros

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    Marcia Carvalho de Azevedo

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOO objetivo neste artigo é discutir como profissionais que já passaram por vínculos tradicionais de trabalho se organizam na nova realidade laboral da experimentação de contratos flexíveis, considerados, na pesquisa aqui relatada, como contratos não CLT. Por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 43 trabalhadores bem qualificados, foi construída uma tipologia composta por nove perfis com caracterís ticas próprias, a saber: PJ, Paraquedista, Indiferente, Pragmático, Independente, Autônomo, Empresário, Ressentido e CLT. Mostra -se que a construção dos perfis ajudou a compor uma imagem de como essa realidade de trabalho é vivenciada por trabalhadores qualificados e conclui-se, nesse caso, que o trabalho flexível não é sinônimo de trabalho precário, pois não acarreta, necessariamente, prejuízos do ponto de vista profissional ou pessoal para o indivíduo que opta por realizá-lo.

  3. Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza e Florestan Fernandes: breves perfis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudinei Carlos Spirandelli

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo enfoca, de maneira didática, perfis e trajetórias de importantes sociólogos paulistas: Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza e Florestan Fernandes. Nosso texto pretende mostrar suas origens, características de obras, os grupos sob suas lideranças e heranças legadas. Neste artigo, pretendemos uma melhor divulgação desses grandes nomes da sociologia brasileira.

  4. Diferentes Perfis de Aminoácidos para Frangos de Corte no Período de 43 a 56 Dias de Idade

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    Araújo Lúcio Francelino

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de duas marcas comerciais de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes perfis de aminoácidos. Dados de desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar, carcaça (rendimento de carcaça, peito, pernas, dorso, asas, pés, cabeça e gordura abdominal e vísceras comestíveis (moela, fígado e coração foram coletados. O experimento foi realizado no período de 43 a 56 dias de idade e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x4 (duas marcas comerciais -- Hubbard e HI-Yield, e quatro perfis de aminoácidos - NRC (1994, Rostagno et al. (1992, Degussa (1997 e AEC (1993, com quatro repetições de 50 aves cada. Quando as diferentes recomendações foram comparadas, o nível de lisina foi mantido constante, utilizando o nível do NRC (1994 como padrão. As aves alimentadas com dietas formuladas segundo recomendações do NRC (1994 apresentaram menor ganho de peso e pior conversão alimentar. As aves da marca comercial Hubbard apresentaram melhor ganho de peso, porém o consumo e a conversão alimentar não foram alterados. O rendimento de carcaça não diferiu entre os tratamentos. Contudo, as aves da marca comercial Hubbard apresentaram melhor rendimento de pernas e as aves HI-Yield, melhor rendimento de peito. A gordura abdominal foi afetada pelos tratamentos estudados em que aves da marca comercial Hubbard e alimentadas de acordo com os níveis recomendados pelo AEC (1993 apresentaram menor porcentagem de gordura abdominal. Não ocorreu efeito significativo para as vísceras comestíveis.

  5. Tubular combustion

    CERN Document Server

    Ishizuka, Satoru

    2014-01-01

    Tubular combustors are cylindrical tubes where flame ignition and propagation occur in a spatially confined, highly controlled environment, in a nearly flat, elongated geometry. This allows for some unique advantages where extremely even heat dispersion is required over a large surface while still maintaining fuel efficiency. Tubular combustors also allow for easy flexibility in type of fuel source, allowing for quick changeover to meet various needs and changing fuel pricing. This new addition to the MP sustainable energy series will provide the most up-to-date research on tubular combustion--some of it only now coming out of private proprietary protection. Plentiful examples of current applications along with a good explanation of background theory will offer readers an invaluable guide on this promising energy technology. Highlights include: * An introduction to the theory of tubular flames * The "how to" of maintaining stability of tubular flames through continuous combustion * Examples of both small-scal...

  6. Uso do método Grade of Membership na identificação de perfis de consumo e comportamento alimentar de adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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    Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Com objetivo de identificar perfis de consumo e de comportamentos alimentares e descrever suas prevalências, aplicou-se o método Grade of Membership em dados de um inquérito sobre fatores de risco à saúde de adolescentes do ensino fundamental da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N = 1.632. Foram gerados quatro perfis: perfil "A" (12,1%, caracterizado pelo consumo frequente de todos os alimentos marcadores de dieta saudável, menos frequente dos alimentos não saudáveis e pela presença de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis; perfil "B" (45,8%, marcado pelo hábito de realizar o desjejum e três refeições/dia, consumo menos frequente de legumes e frutas e de cinco dos marcadores de alimentação não saudável; perfil "C" (22,8%, ausência de comportamentos alimentares saudáveis e pelo consumo menos frequente de legumes, frutas, leite, embutidos, biscoitos e refrigerantes; e perfil "D", caracterizado pelo consumo frequente de todos os alimentos não saudáveis e menos frequente de legumes e frutas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de promoção da alimentação saudável nesta população.

  7. Compreensões sobre o processo de formação para a docência: concepções de bacharéis e licenciandos sobre a licenciatura em Física

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederico Augusto Toti

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2012v29n3p1074 Analisamos comparativamente as compreensões sobre o processo de formação para a docência para dois perfis de graduandos da licenciatura em Física: dois licenciandos-doutorandos em Física e dois licenciandos-professores que, já atuando desde o segundo ano do curso como professores, optaram exclusivamente pela licenciatura. As informações e análises desenvolvidas, mediante a literatura de formação de professores, permitiram localizar pontos de maior dificuldade enfrentados e/ou reconhecidos por esses dois perfis de licenciandos em seu processo de formação para a docência. Também foi possível reconhecer potencialidades para o enfrentamento das dificuldades identificadas no processo de formação inicial e na constituição de uma identidade profissional, nos dois casos.

  8. Condicionantes de desempenho dos projetos de software e a influência da maturidade em gestão de projetos.

    OpenAIRE

    Renato de Oliveira Moraes

    2004-01-01

    Este trabalho procurou averiguar os efeitos da maturidade em gestão de projetos da organização executante sobre a relação entre certos condicionantes de desempenho e o desempenho dos projetos de software. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento em 131 projetos de software cujos resultados mostram que, nas organizações de maior maturidade em gestão de projetos, certos elementos condicionantes do desempenho têm uma menor influência sobre as diferentes dimensões do desempenho dos projetos. O perfi...

  9. Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis

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    Paula Cristina Barros Pereira

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Objective: Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA is characterized by metabolic acidosis due to impaired renal acid excretion. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genetic diagnosis of four children with dRTA through use of whole-exome sequencing. Methods: Two unrelated families were selected; a total of four children with dRTA and their parents, in order to perform whole-exome sequencing. Hearing was preserved in both children from the first family, but not in the second, wherein a twin pair had severe deafness. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in two pooled samples and findings were confirmed with Sanger sequencing method. Results: Two mutations were identified in the ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes. In the first family, a novel mutation in the exon 13 of the ATP6V0A4 gene with a single nucleotide change GAC → TAC (c.1232G>T was found, which caused a substitution of aspartic acid to tyrosine in position 411. In the second family, a homozygous recurrent mutation with one base-pair insertion (c.1149_1155insC in exon 12 of the ATP6V1B1 gene was detected. Conclusion: These results confirm the value of whole-exome sequencing for the study of rare and complex genetic nephropathies, allowing the identification of novel and recurrent mutations. Furthermore, for the first time the application of this molecular method in renal tubular diseases has been clearly demonstrated. Resumo: Objetivo: A acidose tubular renal distal (ATRd é caracterizada por acidose metabólica devido a excreção renal de ácido prejudicada. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o diagnóstico genético de quatro crianças com ATRd utilizando o sequenciamento total do exoma. Métodos: Selecionamos duas famílias não relacionadas, totalizando quatro crianças com ATRd e seus pais, para realizar o sequenciamento total do exoma. A audição foi preservada em ambas as crianças da família um, porém em nenhuma criança da família dois, na qual um par de gêmeas teve

  10. Expandable tubulars for use in geologic structures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spray, Jeffery A.; Svedeman, Steven; Walter, David; Mckeighan, Peter; Siebanaler, Shane; Dewhurst, Peter; Hobson, Steven; Foss, Doug; Wirz, Holger; Sharpe, Aaron; Apostal, Michael

    2014-08-12

    An expandable tubular includes a plurality of leaves formed from sheet material that have curved surfaces. The leaves extend around a portion or fully around the diameter of the tubular structure. Some of the adjacent leaves of the tubular are coupled together. The tubular is compressed to a smaller diameter so that it can be inserted through previously deployed tubular assemblies. Once the tubular is properly positioned, it is deployed and coupled or not coupled to a previously deployed tubular assembly. The tubular is useful for all types of wells and boreholes.

  11. Proximal tubular hypertrophy and enlarged glomerular and proximal tubular urinary space in obese subjects with proteinuria.

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    Ana Tobar

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration, increased proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, glomerular enlargement and renal hypertrophy. A single experimental study reported an increased glomerular urinary space in obese dogs. Whether proximal tubular volume is increased in obese subjects and whether their glomerular and tubular urinary spaces are enlarged is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether proximal tubules and glomerular and tubular urinary space are enlarged in obese subjects with proteinuria and glomerular hyperfiltration. METHODS: Kidney biopsies from 11 non-diabetic obese with proteinuria and 14 non-diabetic lean patients with a creatinine clearance above 50 ml/min and with mild or no interstitial fibrosis were retrospectively analyzed using morphometric methods. The cross-sectional area of the proximal tubular epithelium and lumen, the volume of the glomerular tuft and of Bowman's space and the nuclei number per tubular profile were estimated. RESULTS: Creatinine clearance was higher in the obese than in the lean group (P=0.03. Proteinuria was similarly increased in both groups. Compared to the lean group, the obese group displayed a 104% higher glomerular tuft volume (P=0.001, a 94% higher Bowman's space volume (P=0.003, a 33% higher cross-sectional area of the proximal tubular epithelium (P=0.02 and a 54% higher cross-sectional area of the proximal tubular lumen (P=0.01. The nuclei number per proximal tubular profile was similar in both groups, suggesting that the increase in tubular volume is due to hypertrophy and not to hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity-related glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with proximal tubular epithelial hypertrophy and increased glomerular and tubular urinary space volume in subjects with proteinuria. The expanded glomerular and urinary space is probably a direct consequence of glomerular hyperfiltration. These effects may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity

  12. Caracterização etnopedológica de Planossolos utilizados em cerâmica artesanal no Agreste Paraibano

    OpenAIRE

    Alves,Ângelo Giuseppe Chaves; Marques,José Geraldo Wanderley; Queiroz,Sandra Barreto de; Silva,Ivandro de França da; Ribeiro,Mateus Rosas

    2005-01-01

    Técnicas adaptadas da etnociência clássica foram utilizadas para descrever e avaliar os conhecimentos de um grupo de artesãos camponeses do Agreste Paraibano sobre alguns solos que eles usam como recurso cerâmico. Cinco perfis de solo foram descritos por agrônomos-pesquisadores (abordagem eticista) e por camponeses (abordagem emicista), em locais onde a população local extrai material para cerâmica. Amostras coletadas em ambas as abordagens foram usadas para caracterização morfológica e analí...

  13. Reliability of Tubular Joints

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, John Dalsgaard; Thoft-Christensen, Palle

    In this paper the preliminary results obtained by tests on tubular joints are presented. The joints are T-joints and the loading is static. It is the intention in continuation of these tests to perform tests on other types of joints (e.g. Y-joints) and also with dynamic loading. The purpose...... of the test is partly to obtain empirical data for the ultimate load-carrying capacity of tubular T-joints and partly to obtain some experience in performing tests with tubular joints. It is well known that tubular joints are usually designed in offshore engineering on the basis of empirical formulas obtained...... by experimental test results. Therefore, there is a need for performing experimental tests in this area....

  14. Emissão de hidrogênio molecular e [FeII] em núcleos Seyfert

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez-Ardila, A.; Pastoriza, M. G.; Viegas, S.

    2003-08-01

    Um dos problemas fundamentais em núcleos ativos de galáxias (AGN) é determinar os mecanismos de excitação dominantes do gás emissor de linhas estreitas, seja este excitado por mecanismos não-estelares (fotoionização por uma fonte central ou choques produzidos por um jato rádio no gás circumnuclear) ou estelares (fotoionização por estrelas OB ou choques originados por um remanescente de supernova em expansão). Essa ambiguedade se faz mais evidente ao intepretar o espectro de espécies tais como H2 e [FeII]. Na primeira, fluorescência UV, processos térmicos (choques e/ou aquecimento por fótons) ou illuminação por raios-x, podem ser responsáveis pelo espectro observado enquanto que na segunda, os dois últimos mechanismos seriam relevantes. Neste trabalho, utilizando espectroscópia JHK de média resolução para uma amostra de AGN encontramos que o H2 observado é gerado principalmente por processos térmicos associados à presença de episódios de formação estelar circumnuclear. No entanto, em galáxias tais como NGC4151 as observações mostram que o hidrogênio molecular origina-se, principalmente, da interação entre o jato radio e o gás da NLR. Esses resultados baseiam-se nos valores das razões de linhas H2 2.24/2.12 mm e H2 2.03/2.22 mm. H2 2.24/2.12 separa claramente processos não-térmicos dos térmicos enquanto H2 2.03/2.22 serve como indicador de temperatura da componente térmica, e portanto, discrimina entre choques e associações OB. Já para o [FeII], as observações são compatíveis com excitação produzida diretamente pela fonte central ou choques associados com o jato rádio. A comparação da largura dos perfis de linhas observados permite concluir que não há correlação entre a emissão de H2 e [FeII]. Em praticamente todos os casos analisados, os perfis das linhas de H2 são não-resolvidos, enquanto que os perfis de [FeII] indicam, em alguns casos, velocidades de até 600 km/s.

  15. 78 FR 14361 - U.S. Steel Tubular Products, Inc., Mckeesport Tubular Operations Division, Subsidiary of United...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-05

    ... Products, Inc., Mckeesport Tubular Operations Division, Subsidiary of United States Steel Corporation, Mckeesport, PA; Notice of Initiation of Investigation To Terminate Certification of Eligibility Pursuant to... Tubular Products, McKeesport Tubular Operations Division, Subsidiary of United States Steel Corporation...

  16. Espectrometria de massas avançada em estudos estruturais de metabólitos de fármacos e proteínas

    OpenAIRE

    Alexandre Ferreira Gomes

    2014-01-01

    Resumo: Este trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos, tendo como temática geral a aplicação de técnicas modernas baseadas em espectrometria de massas (MS) no estudo da biotransformação de fármacos (capítulo I) e em proteômica estrutural por ligação cruzada e mobilidade iônica (capítulo II). No capítulo I, foram estudadas rotas de fragmentação por dissociação induzida por colisão (CID), perfis de metabólitos in vivo em ratos e farmacocinética de derivados de 4-anilinoquinazolina, candidatos a ...

  17. Distal renal tubular acidosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... this disorder. Alternative Names Renal tubular acidosis - distal; Renal tubular acidosis type I; Type I RTA; RTA - distal; Classical RTA Images Kidney anatomy Kidney - blood and urine flow References Bose A, Monk RD, Bushinsky DA. Kidney ...

  18. 78 FR 37584 - U.S. Steel Tubular Products, Inc., Mckeesport Tubular Operations Division, Subsidiary of United...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-21

    ... make the following certification: All workers of U.S. Steel Tubular Products, McKeesport Tubular... Products, Inc., Mckeesport Tubular Operations Division, Subsidiary of United States Steel Corporation, Mckeesport, Pennsylvania; Notice of Amended Certification Pursuant to Section 221 of the Trade Act of 1974...

  19. Geologia e quimioestratigrafia do Grupo Vazante em Lagamar (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

    OpenAIRE

    Carla Sofia de Sousa Marques

    2015-01-01

    Este trabalho tem como base um mapeamento geologico na escala 1:50.000 de uma area de 400km2 nos arredores da cidade de Lagamar (MG) e um estudo de perfis quimioestratigraficos com isotopos estaveis de 13C, 18O e 87Sr/86Sr nas formacoes Lagamar e Rocinha do Grupo Vazante. Na regiao afloram rochas da porcao basal do Grupo Vazante, em contato tectonico com o Grupo Bambui. Foram identificadas as formacoes Santo Antonio do Bonito, Rocinha, Lagamar e Serra do Garrote no Grupo Vazante, e no Grup...

  20. Tubular nanostructured materials for bioapplications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Jining; Chen, Linfeng; Srivatsan, Malathi; Varadan, Vijay K.

    2009-03-01

    Tubular nanomaterials possess hollow structures as well as high aspect ratios. In addition to their unique physical and chemical properties induced by their nanoscale dimensions, their inner voids and outer surfaces make them ideal candidates for a number of biomedical applications. In this work, three types of tubular nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, hematite nanotubes, and maghemite nanotubes, were synthesized by different chemical techniques. Their structural and crystalline properties were characterized. For potential bioapplications of tubular nanomaterials, experimental investigations were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of using carbon nanotubes, hematite nanotubes, and maghemite nanotubes in glucose sensing, neuronal growth, and drug delivery, respectively. Preliminary results show the promise of tubular nanomaterials in future biomedical applications.

  1. Tubular inverse opal scaffolds for biomimetic vessels

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Ze; Wang, Jie; Lu, Jie; Yu, Yunru; Fu, Fanfan; Wang, Huan; Liu, Yuxiao; Zhao, Yuanjin; Gu, Zhongze

    2016-07-01

    There is a clinical need for tissue-engineered blood vessels that can be used to replace or bypass damaged arteries. The success of such grafts depends strongly on their ability to mimic native arteries; however, currently available artificial vessels are restricted by their complex processing, controversial integrity, or uncontrollable cell location and orientation. Here, we present new tubular scaffolds with specific surface microstructures for structural vessel mimicry. The tubular scaffolds are fabricated by rotationally expanding three-dimensional tubular inverse opals that are replicated from colloidal crystal templates in capillaries. Because of the ordered porous structure of the inverse opals, the expanded tubular scaffolds are imparted with circumferentially oriented elliptical pattern microstructures on their surfaces. It is demonstrated that these tailored tubular scaffolds can effectively make endothelial cells to form an integrated hollow tubular structure on their inner surface and induce smooth muscle cells to form a circumferential orientation on their outer surface. These features of our tubular scaffolds make them highly promising for the construction of biomimetic blood vessels.There is a clinical need for tissue-engineered blood vessels that can be used to replace or bypass damaged arteries. The success of such grafts depends strongly on their ability to mimic native arteries; however, currently available artificial vessels are restricted by their complex processing, controversial integrity, or uncontrollable cell location and orientation. Here, we present new tubular scaffolds with specific surface microstructures for structural vessel mimicry. The tubular scaffolds are fabricated by rotationally expanding three-dimensional tubular inverse opals that are replicated from colloidal crystal templates in capillaries. Because of the ordered porous structure of the inverse opals, the expanded tubular scaffolds are imparted with circumferentially

  2. Caracterização e classificação de solos graníticos em topossequência na região Sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Suélen Corrêa de Medeiros

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Na região sul do Brasil, foi verificada a ocorrência de forte gradiente textural em solos localizados em áreas de morros graníticos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os processos pedogenéticos envolvidos na formação de solos em topossequência de granito em Porto Alegre (RS. Foram descritos e amostrados morfológica, química, física e mineralogicamente quatro perfis de solos localizados em diferentes segmentos da paisagem. Os perfis de solos do topo, encosta superior e sopé da topossequência apresentaram gradiente textural expressivo, e a relação argila fina:argila total aumentou nos horizontes subsuperficias (Bt, indicando transporte da fração mais fina. O índice de uniformidade inferior a 0,6 sugeriu que os solos não apresentaram indícios de descontinuidade litológica. O índice Ki, a relação Fe2O3d/Fe2O3s e a presença de feldspato e minerais 2:1 e 2:1:1, constatadas pela difração de raios-x indicaram grau de intemperismo intermediário. A difração por raios x também mostrou aumento do argilomineral caulinita em profundidade. Na encosta inferior, o perfil de solo não apresentou horizonte B pedogenético. Os resultados são indicativos da ocorrência da lessivagem como o principal processo pedogenético atuante, apesar das características indicativas de estádio de intemperismo pouco avançado.

  3. Morfologia, ultraestrutura e morfometria do tegumento da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766 criada em cativeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José G.M.P. Isola

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Considerando-se a falta de informações detalhadas sobre a morfologia da paca, sendo o segundo maior roedor da fauna brasileira, de excelente qualidade de carne e, dada a importância do tegumento comum, inclusive para o bom manejo em cativeiro, e até mesmo estudos como uma opção de animal de experimentação, descreveu-se a morfologia, morfometria e a ultraestrutura da pele de oito pacas (Cuniculus paca machos e fêmeas, mediante a análise comparativa de segmentos cutâneos das regiões cervical, dorsal e medial do carpo. Observaram-se macroscopicamente as características da pelagem. Parte dos segmentos das regiões cutâneas foi analisada à microscopia de luz e parte, à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Mensuraram-se as espessuras da derme, epiderme, camada córnea, perfis das fibras de colágeno da derme reticular e a área dos perfis das células das glândulas sebáceas repletas. Analisaram-se os resultados pela estatística descritiva e teste "T" (p<0,001. A coloração da pelagem da paca é castanho avermelhado com cerdas organizadas em grupos. A arquitetura da cútis e os anexos cutâneos se assemelham aos dos mamíferos em geral, embora haja ausência de glândulas sudoríparas. De acordo com a analise morfométrica, pôde-se inferir que a arquitetura da cútis de pacas machos e fêmeas apresenta diferenças quando comparada entre os sexos e também em um mesmo animal, diferenciando-se entre diversas regiões corpóreas.

  4. Quem Lidera sua Opinião? Influência dos Formadores de Opinião Digitais no Engajamento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Inácio Severo de Almeida

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Influenciadores digitais são formadores de opinião virtuais que representam uma alternativa para empresas que confiam na comunidade reunida em torno desses perfis como público-alvo de divulgação. Esses indivíduos expandiram conceitos de teorias consolidadas que versam sobre o processo de difusão de inovações e o fluxo comunicacional entre líderes de opinião e seguidores. Pesquisas sobre o poder dos formadores de opinião nas redes sociais virtuais estão nos estágios iniciais e uma lacuna é a mensuração da sua capacidade de influência sobre o engajamento. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem que mensura essa influência no Instagram por meio da análise de todas as postagens publicadas ao longo de 2015 em quatro perfis de grande audiência. Três hipóteses avaliaram diferenças nas métricas de engajamento provocadas por formadores de opinião individuais (perfis de pessoas e institucionais. Os modelos de regressão em dois estágios confirmaram as hipóteses de que são os formadores de opinião individuais que provocam mais engajamento: postagens em perfis individuais produzem significativamente mais curtidas, comentários e boca a boca que publicações em perfis institucionais. Os resultados da pesquisa são particularmente relevantes para empresas que buscam aumentar os níveis de interação com seus públicos nas redes sociais virtuais.

  5. Tubular lining material for pipelines having bends

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moringa, A.; Sakaguchi, Y.; Hyodo, M.; Yagi, I.

    1987-03-24

    A tubular lining material for pipelines having bends or curved portions comprises a tubular textile jacket made of warps and wefts woven in a tubular form overlaid with a coating of a flexible synthetic resin. It is applicable onto the inner surface of a pipeline having bends or curved portions in such manner that the tubular lining material with a binder onto the inner surface thereof is inserted into the pipeline and allowed to advance within the pipeline, with or without the aid of a leading rope-like elongated element, while turning the tubular lining material inside out under fluid pressure. In this manner the tubular lining material is applied onto the inner surface of the pipeline with the binder being interposed between the pipeline and the tubular lining material. The lining material is characterized in that a part of all of the warps are comprised of an elastic yarn around which, over the full length thereof, a synthetic fiber yarn or yarns have been left-and/or right-handedly coiled. This tubular lining material is particularly suitable for lining a pipeline having an inner diameter of 25-200 mm and a plurality of bends, such as gas service pipelines or house pipelines, without occurrence of wrinkles in the lining material in a bend.

  6. Ultrastructural study of electron dense deposits in renal tubular basement membrane: prevalence and relationship to epithelial atrophy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yong, Jim L C; Killingsworth, Murray C

    2014-08-01

    This study reports the prevalence of immune deposits associated with the proximal and distal tubules in a series of routine renal biopsies received in our department during a single calendar year. From 87 cases, 65 (74%) were found to have glomerular immune deposits by immunofluorescence. Tubular immune deposits were found in 12 cases (18%), 3 of which had no glomerular deposits. By transmission electron microscopy (EM), 58 cases (66%) were found to have deposits of granular or vesicular material associated with the tubular basement membranes (TBM). Finely granular electron dense deposits appeared to correspond to the immune deposits seen by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) and may be a sensitive marker of immune deposition.

  7. ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA LITOLÓGICA E ESTRUTURAL A PARTIR DE MÉTODOS MORFOMÉTRICOS EM SEGMENTOS DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO CIMEIRA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JEQUITINHONHA, MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrício Antonio Lopes

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available O estudo do padrão de drenagem da porção cimeira da bacia hidrográfica do Jequitinhonha foi realizado neste trabalho tendo como objetivos: a Correlacionar as direções dos canais fluviais e respectivas ordens hierárquicas às estruturas geológicas regionais; b Verificar o grau de influência dos aspectos litológicos e estruturais no padrão de drenagem da bacia e; c Identificar estruturas que atuam como níveis de base locais em perfis longitudinais. Foram empregadas análises quantitativas de tratamento de direção dos canais fluviais e ordens hierárquicas, cálculo do índice de RDE em segmentos pré-selecionados e análise de perfis longitudinais. Constatou-se significativa influência litológica e estrutural no padrão/direção dos canais fluviais identificadas como nick points nos perfis longitudinais. Há segmentos de drenagem com anomalias de primeira e segunda ordem quanto ao índice RDE, o que reforça a influência das estruturas pré-cambrianas, reativadas no Cenozoico, no sistema hidrográfico da região. Acredita-se na potencialidade deste estudo como auxilio na caracterização, quantificação e fundamentação teórica de análises referentes ao processo evolutivo da paisagem e ao comportamento da rede de drenagem local.

  8. Caracterização e classificação de solos em uma topossequência sobre calcário na serra da Bodoquena, MS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Gervasio Pereira

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available A serra da Bodoquena, localizada no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, apresenta particularidades nos seus solos, que diferem de outras regiões do bioma cerrado-pantanal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento dos solos formados sobre calcário, por meio da caracterização dos seus atributos físicos, químicos, mineralógicos e da matéria orgânica. Foi selecionada uma topossequência sobre calcário, onde foram abertas trincheiras no topo (P1, terço inferior (P2, sopé (P3 e baixada (P4 e P5. Os perfis foram descritos morfologicamente e analisados os atributos físicos, químicos e mineralógicos dos horizontes. De acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, os solos estudados foram classificados como: (P1 Organossolo Fólico Sáprico lítico - OOs; (P2 Chernossolo Háplico Órtico típico - MXo; (P3 Chernossolo Argilúvico Órtico típico - MTo; (P4 Gleissolo Melânico Carbonático chernossólico - GMk1; e (P5 Gleissolo Melânico Carbonático organossólico - GMk2. Todos os perfis estudados apresentaram cores escuras nos horizontes superficiais e mais avermelhadas ou acinzentadas em profundidade, em razão da drenagem, sempre associados com elevados valores de saturação por bases e tendo o cálcio como cátion predominante no complexo sortivo. Das frações húmicas, a humina representou a maior fração do carbono orgânico em todos os solos. A análise mineralógica constatou a presença de calcita na fração areia nos perfis GMk1 e GMk2 e caulinita, illita e montmorilonita, na fração argila de todos os solos. A ocorrência do Organossolo Fólico em ambiente não altimontano, diferente do relatado pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, sugere maior amplitude das condições ambientais para a ocorrência dessa subordem.

  9. Construtores da bio(insegurança na base de dados de perfis de ADN Constructors of bio(insecurity in the DNA profiles database

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helena Machado

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente texto analisa discursos de peritos e de políticos produzidos acerca da criação de uma base de dados de perfis de ADN em Portugal para identificação civil e investigação criminal, com o intuito de explorar alguns patamares de construção da biossegurança. Constata-se que três tipos principais de argumentação são utilizados: a ciência como suporte de uma justiça simultaneamente mais eficaz e mais credível; a necessidade de acompanhar o percurso de países mais desenvolvidos em matéria de investigação criminal e de cooperação transfronteiriça; o contributo para o bem comum. Trata-se de um projeto técnico-genético e biopolítico crescentemente global e imbricado em imaginários coletivos assentes no medo do crime e do criminoso, que assenta mais em promessas de utilidade imaginada e de eficácia na identificação de criminosos do que na invocação dos riscos e das incertezas.This paper analyses the discourses produced by experts and politicians about the creation of a DNA database for civil identification and criminal investigation purposes in Portugal, aiming to explore some stances in the construction of biosecurity. Three main types of arguments are found: science as the support of a simultaneously more effective and reliable justice; the need to follow the course of more developed countries in terms of criminal investigation and trans-border cooperation; the contribution towards the common good. This concerns an increasingly global technical-genetic and biopolitical project, merged within collective imageries built upon on fears of crime and criminals, which is more grounded on promises of imagined utility and efficacy in the identification of offenders than on the invocation of the risks and uncertainties.

  10. Iatrogenic Digital Compromise with Tubular Dressings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Corre, Kenneth A

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Objective: This case report describes a digit amputation resulting from an improperly applied tubular dressing. The safe application of digital tubular dressings, and the rationale behind it, is detailed to raise emergency physician (EP awareness.Methods: We present a case report of a recent iatrogenic-induced digit ischemia caused by improperly applied tube gauze. We review the literature on the subject and the likely sources of poor outcomes presented. The proper application of tubular gauze dressings is then outlined.Conclusion: EPs and emergency department personnel must be educated on the safe application of tubular gauze dressings to avoid dire outcomes associated with improper applications.[WestJEM. 2009;10:190-192.

  11. Drill pipes and casings utilizing multi-conduit tubulars

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Curlett, H.B.

    1989-01-24

    A seal adapted for use with a multi-conduit well tubular, or the like, is described which consists of: a plate with fluid passages, each passage corresponding to an opening of a conduit of the multiconduit tubular, and a groove on the plate around each passage; and elastomer means partially embeddable into each groove for sealing each conduit of a tubular to a corresponding conduit of another similar tubular.

  12. Evolução temporal de discos circunstelares em estrelas Be

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandes, M. V. M.; Leister, N. V.; Levenhagen, R. S.

    2003-08-01

    A pesquisa do mecanismo que leva uma estrela do tipo Be a perder massa e formar um envelope circunstelar, nomeado como fenômeno Be, é uma questão em aberto, intrigante, e que adquire contornos interessantes em face às informações espectroscópicas de alta resolução. Nesta última década, consolida-se a idéia de que a forma destes envelopes é de tipo discóide, obedecendo a uma lei Kepleriana de velocidades, e mais ainda, recentemente há evidências de que a distribuição de matéria nestes discos pode assumir um caráter de anel. Medidas de algumas dimensões de discos circunstelares puderam ser obtidas pela análise de espectros de alta resolução e alta relação sinal-ruído para as estrelas Be: alpha Eri (HD 10144, B3Vpe), omicron And (HD 217675, B6IIIpe), e eta Cen (HD el972, B1.5Vne), no período dos anos de 1991 a 2001. Alguns modelos clássicos de envelope predizem uma distribuição de massa que decresce suavemente a partir da superfície estelar. Entretanto, considerando que a separação de picos de emissão em perfis de linhas do HeI e H-alpha, alargados por efeitos cinemáticos, é função do raio estelar e da velocidade rotacional projetada (vsini); nossos resultados sugerem a presença de um anel de matéria circunstelar, que aparece logo após a ejeção do material fotosférico, imediatamente acima da superfície estelar, e que se expande para raios maiores ao longo do tempo, eventualmente desconectando-se da superfície por uma região de densidade de matéria mínima. Tais interpretações revivem a idéia de que anéis de matéria circunstelar podem ser os responsáveis por algumas variabilidades em perfis de linhas de emissão, como as variações V/R.

  13. Importância da utilização de propriedades avaliadas em função da temperatura para a simulação computacional de cerâmicas refratárias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Akiyoshi M. M.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sistemático sobre a influência da utilização de propriedades avaliadas em função da temperatura para suprir um programa de simulação computacional por elementos finitos (AEF visando à determinação dos perfis de temperatura e tensão em uma âncora refratária. Para tanto, foram avaliados em função da temperatura, a condutividade térmica (k, o calor específico (c, o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear (alfaL e o módulo elástico (E. Um planejamento fatorial 2u e a análise de variância (ANOVA foram utilizados para avaliar a influência das interações entre as propriedades determinadas em função da temperatura sobre os perfis de temperatura e tensão normal resultantes da simulação computacional. Este estudo reforça a necessidade da avaliação das propriedades em função da temperatura para se suprir um programa de simulação computacional, destacando-se a condutividade térmica e o calor específico para propiciar uma melhor obtenção do perfil de temperatura, e o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear (alfaL e o módulo elástico (E para a avaliação do perfil de tensões.

  14. ANÁLISE DE PERFIS DE SONDAGEM SPT E CARACTERIZAÇÃO GEOTÉCNICA DE SOLOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE NATAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kadson Ranniere da Rocha Câmara

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a caracterização geotécnica de solos do município de Natal para fins de obtenção de parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento e de deformabilidade do material. Quatro zonas foram definidas para a compilação de resultados de relatórios de sondagens tipo SPT (Standard Penetration Test, buscando-se destacar aspectos que diferenciem geotecnicamente as zonas consideradas. Campanhas de ensaios de laboratório foram relizadas para a idendificação de características geotécnicas (perfil de umidades e granulometria, densidade das partículas e deformabilidade de solo definido como referência para as análises. Parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento e de deformabilidade dos solos encontrados foram determinados mediante emprego de equações empíricas. Os resultados encontrados indicam haver importante variabilidade nas propriedades geotécnicas dos solos analisados, tanto para solos pertencentes a uma mesma zona como para solos de zonas distintas. O posicionamento das unidades geotécnicas e o estado de compacidade das mesmas consistem em variáveis destacadas no estudo realizado. Palavras-chaves: Mecânica dos Solos; Ensaios In Situ; Perfis SPT; Caracterização Geotécnica.

  15. ANÁLISE TÉRMICA DE EDIFICAÇÕES CONSTRUÍDAS EM LIGHT STEEL FRAME

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Costa Mendonça

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo analisará o desempenho térmico em edificações construídas em light steel frame, perfis de aços leves que apresentam excelentes vantagens, inclusive para o meio ambiente. Quanto melhor a eficiência energética de uma residência menor é o gasto com energia elétrica e menor é a produção da energia. Será usado o software WUFI para analisar as temperaturas internas da habitação. Com o software pode-se testar diversos materiais e escolher o que apresentar melhor custo x benefício para o meio ambiente, o construtor e o habitante da residência. Assim pode-se ter uma residência onde tanto o sistema construtivo quanto a eficiência energética funcionam em prol do meio ambiente e também atendem a norma de desempenho NBR 15575.

  16. ASPECTOS MORFODINÂMICOS EM PRAIAS DE ENSEADA: ESTUDO DE CASO EM ARMAÇÃO DOS BÚZIOS, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Manuel Rosa Bulhoes

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available O segmento costeiro selecionado para o estudo sobre dinâmica de praias de enseada foi o cabo Búzios por se tratar de uma protuberância natural da linha de costa composta por praias de variados tamanhos e formas, orientadas e expostas às ondulações dos quadrantes nordeste ao sudoeste. A transformação das ondas em águas rasas expõe ou protege determinados segmentos das enseadas e esta exposição relativa e suas sucessões controlam os processos morfológicos, morfodinâmicos e morfossedimentares atuais, estando aí inclusos a distribuição e o transporte de sedimentos superficiais, as feições da praia e da antepraia e as respostas morfológicas dos perfis praiais frente a alternância de períodos de tempestade e tempo bom. O objetivo geral é diagnosticar os processos governantes da dinâmica costeira em praias de enseada. Os passos metodológicos adotados visaram: (a determinar os principais padrões de circulação e transporte de sedimentos; (b determinar as características morfodinâmicas; (c entender à relação entre a exposição relativa das praias ao ataque das ondas; e (d prognosticar os efeitos morfológicos que podem ser esperados nestes ambientes frente aos processos governantes. Os principais resultados indicam que as inconsistências verificadas entre o padrão de ondas e o registro de transporte de sedimentos podem ser atribuídas a uma condição de tri modalidade da circulação promovida por ondas, que são: (a tempo bom com ventos soprando entre NNE (nor-nordeste e ESE (leste-sudeste; (b tempo bom com marulhos de sul ou de sudeste; (c tempestade com ondas que variam entre su-sudeste (157° até sudoeste (225°. As características morfodinâmicas dos perfis monitorados permitem classifica-los em ambientes de baixa energia e de alta energia que podem ser: (a refletivos de baixa energia; (b intermediários de baixa energia, sujeitos a eventos episódicos de tempestade; (c dissipativos de baixa energia; e (d

  17. Determinação direta das fases na difração de raios-X em cristais sem centro de simetria

    OpenAIRE

    Jose Antonio Prado Valladares

    1984-01-01

    Resumo: Um método experimental é proposto para solucionar o problema da fase na difração de raios-X em cristais sem centro de simetria, usando difração múltipla caso três-feixes tipo-Bragg. Este método resulta da consideração da dependência da fase com a assimetria dos perfis de linha, com o sentido da rotação da rede cristalina e com o comprimento de onda da radiação incidente. Casos em que o comprimento de onda da radiação incidente está acima e abaixo da borda de absorção, lE, do átomo mai...

  18. Development of Partial Tubular Flat Knitting Fabric Composite Preform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiang Wei Qing

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available After building some structures of partial tubular flat knitting fabric composite preform, the influencing factor on tubular section was analyzed and the fabric was knitted selectively. The partial tubular flat knitting fabric composite preform were Knitted by changing different yarn, row number and two-sided partial tubular flat knitting fabric. Multilayer sheet would be got after hot pressing and it has big market prospects and good application value.

  19. Reliability Analysis of Tubular Joints in Offshore Structures

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thoft-Christensen, Palle; Sørensen, John Dalsgaard

    1987-01-01

    Reliability analysis of single tubular joints and offshore platforms with tubular joints is" presented. The failure modes considered are yielding, punching, buckling and fatigue failure. Element reliability as well as systems reliability approaches are used and illustrated by several examples....... Finally, optimal design of tubular.joints with reliability constraints is discussed and illustrated by an example....

  20. Drill pipes and casings utilizing multi-conduit tubular; Flerkanals roerstreng

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Curlett, H.B.

    1997-04-23

    The invention relates to a multi-conduit tubular having fluid conduits and electrical conduits, with associated surface fluid and electrical commutators, and downhole sensors for providing surface monitors with instantaneous formation data. Each tubular includes a plurality of uniform linear conduits there through, with a gasket seal plate interposed between joined tubular for assuring a high pressure seal between joined conduits. the seal plate includes an intermediate electrical connector for connecting electrical conduit connectors of one tubular to another. A coupling collar with uniform diameter internal coarse and fine threads joins the tubular ends having similar threads by differential thread action without respective tubular rotation. Each tubular end includes an inter-engaging index recess and index lug, and drive recesses and lugs for maintaining angular registry of the tubular string and for driving one drill tubular with another. A fluid commutator includes a rotating shaft with passages connected to the tubular conduits, and rotating in a manifold having annular grooves in communication with the shaft passages and external fluid sources. An adaptor couples each commutator shaft passage to one or more tubular conduits. Slip rings on a quill shaft and stationary brush means provide electrical continuity from the electrical conduit wires to surface equipment. A cross-over sub includes formation parameter sensors and telemetry equipment in a blocked off portion of a fluid conduit. An annular accumulator connected with the well bore annulus applies a pressure thereto in response to downhole sensors to change the effective density of the drill mud. The multi-conduit tubular is further adapted for use as a well casing to provide downhole access of a plurality of fluids and electrical parameter sensors. 28 figs.

  1. Perfis de mortalidade neonatal precoce: um estudo para uma Maternidade Pública de Belo Horizonte (MG, 2001-2006 Profiles of early neonatal deaths: a study for a Public Maternity Hospital of Belo Horizonte (MG, 2001 - 2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heloísa Maria de Assis

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de estudo seccional, com base em dados secundários, com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos óbitos neonatais precoces ocorridos em uma Maternidade Pública de referência no Estado de Minas Gerais (Maternidade Odete Valadares, Belo Horizonte, no período de 2001 a 2006. Foram utilizadas variáveis relacionadas ao recém-nascido (período de ocorrência do óbito, idade ao óbito, sexo, idade gestacional e peso ao nascer, à mãe (tipo de gravidez, tipo de parto, idade, parturição e número de nascidos mortos, bem como causas múltiplas de mortalidade categorizadas. Obtiveram-se três perfis de óbitos neonatais precoces por meio do método Grade of Membership, que possibilitou também encontrar a prevalência destes perfis. O Perfil 1 foi caracterizado por óbitos de difícil redução e teve prevalência de 41,4%; o Perfil 2, pelos óbitos passíveis de redução (prevalência de 28,3%; e o Perfil 3, pelos óbitos redutíveis (prevalência de 30,4%. Estes perfis possibilitaram a compreensão da mortalidade neonatal precoce na Maternidade Odete Valadares e a análise da sua relação com a história reprodutiva e obstétrica materna, bem como com as condições do recém-nascido. Chama a atenção a elevada prevalência de óbitos evitáveis, realidade que deve ser enfrentada pelos profissionais e pela rede pública de saúde.This is a cross-sectional study with the aim of describing the early neonatal deaths that took place at a Public Maternity Hospital, Maternidade Odete Valadares in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2001 to 2006. It used variables related to the newborn (period the death took place, age at death, gender, gestational age, and birth weight, to the mother (type of pregnancy, type of delivery, age, parity, and number of stillborn children, and to the multiple causes of death. Three profiles of early neonatal death were obtained through the Grade of Membership method (GoM, which also made it possible to find

  2. Stem cell factor expression after renal ischemia promotes tubular epithelial survival.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geurt Stokman

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia leads to apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells and results in decreased renal function. Tissue repair involves re-epithelialization of the tubular basement membrane. Survival of the tubular epithelium following ischemia is therefore important in the successful regeneration of renal tissue. The cytokine stem cell factor (SCF has been shown to protect the tubular epithelium against apoptosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a mouse model for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, we studied how expression of c-KIT on tubular epithelium and its ligand SCF protect cells against apoptosis. Administration of SCF specific antisense oligonucleotides significantly decreased specific staining of SCF following ischemia. Reduced SCF expression resulted in impaired renal function, increased tubular damage and increased tubular epithelial apoptosis, independent of inflammation. In an in vitro hypoxia model, stimulation of tubular epithelial cells with SCF activated survival signaling and decreased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data indicate an important role for c-KIT and SCF in mediating tubular epithelial cell survival via an autocrine pathway.

  3. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA TIPOLOGIA HIDROGEOMORFOLÓGICA DE NASCENTES BASEADA EM ESTATÍSTICA NEBULOSA MULTIVARIADA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Fernandes Felippe

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available As nascentes de cursos d’água são sistemas hidrogeomorfológicos complexos, caracterizados por uma grande variabilidade de seus elementos estruturantes. Esta heterogeneidade ainda pouco conhecida cria dificuldades para os processos de gestão ambiental, pois, em teoria, cada nascente responde a perturbações de maneira diferente. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma tipologia de nascentes com base em suas características hidrogeomorfológicas que sistematize sua heterogeneidade, sem perder seus aspectos individuais. Para atingir esta meta um método de máxima verossimilhança baseado na teoria dos conjuntos nebulosos foi usado para criar perfis multivariados para 79 nascentes catalogadas em três parques urbanos de Belo Horizonte - MG. Após uma série de testes estatísticos, propuseram-se seis tipos básicos no qual as nascentes podem ser enquadradas. No entanto, o principal avanço desta técnica é permitir a comparação entre os diferentes graus de pertencimento de cada nascente em cada tipo criado, auxiliando na compreensão da sua diversidade, sem esconder a sua heterogeneidade.

  4. Thermal CFD Analysis of Tubular Light Guides

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ondřej Šikula

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Tubular light guides are applicable for daylighting of windowless areas in buildings. Despite their many positive indoor climate aspects they can also present some problems with heat losses and condensation. A computer CFD model focused on the evaluation of temperature distribution and air flow inside tubular light guides of different dimensions was studied. The physical model of the tested light guides of lengths more than 0.60 m proves shows that Rayleigh numbers are adequate for a turbulent air flow. The turbulent model was applied despite the small heat flux differences between the turbulent and laminar model. The CFD simulations resulted into conclusions that the growing ratio of length/diameter increases the heat transmission loss/linear transmittance as much as by 50 percent. Tubular light guides of smaller diameters have lower heat transmission losses compared to the wider ones of the same lengths with the same outdoor temperature being taken into account. The simulation results confirmed the thermal bridge effect of the tubular light guide tube inside the insulated flat roof details. The thermal transmittance of the studied light guides in the whole roof area was substituted with the point thermal bridges. This substitution gives possibility for simple thermal evaluation of the tubular light pipes in roof constructions.

  5. Luminal nucleotides are tonic inhibitors of renal tubular transport

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Leipziger, Jens Georg

    2011-01-01

    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Extracellular ATP is an essential local signaling molecule in all organ systems. In the kidney, purinergic signaling is involved in an array of functions and this review highlights those of relevance for renal tubular transport. RECENT FINDINGS: Purinergic receptors are express...... discovered as an important signaling compartment in which local purinergic signaling determines an inhibitory tone for renal tubular transport. Blocking components of this system leads to tubular hyper-absorption, volume retention and elevated blood pressure.......PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Extracellular ATP is an essential local signaling molecule in all organ systems. In the kidney, purinergic signaling is involved in an array of functions and this review highlights those of relevance for renal tubular transport. RECENT FINDINGS: Purinergic receptors are expressed...... in all renal tubular segments and their stimulation generally leads to transport inhibition. Recent evidence has identified the tubular lumen as a restricted space for purinergic signaling. The concentrations of ATP in the luminal fluids are sufficiently high to inflict a tonic inhibition of renal...

  6. Electrolyte composition of renal tubular cells in gentamicin nephrotoxicity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsuda, O.; Beck, F.X.; Doerge, A.T.; Thurau, K.

    1988-01-01

    The effect of long-term gentamicin administration on sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus concentrations was studied in individual rat renal tubular cells using electron microprobe analysis. Histological damage was apparent only in proximal tubular cells. The extent of damage was only mild after 7 days of gentamicin administration (60 mg/kg body wt/day) but much more pronounced after 10 days. GFR showed a progressive decline during gentamicin treatment. In non-necrotic proximal tubular cells, sodium was increased from 14.6 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) in controls to 20.6 +/- 0.4 after 7 and 22.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/kg wet wt after 10 days of gentamicin administration. Chloride concentration was higher only after 10 days (20.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 17.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg wet wt). Both cell potassium and phosphorus concentrations were diminished by 6 and 15, and by 8 and 25 mmol/kg wet wt after 7 and 10 days of treatment, respectively. In contrast, no major alterations in distal tubular cell electrolyte concentrations could be observed after either 7 or 10 days of gentamicin administration. As in proximal tubular cells, distal tubular cell phosphorus concentrations were, however, lowered by gentamicin treatment. These results clearly indicate that gentamicin exerts its main effect on proximal tubular cells. Decreased potassium and increased sodium and chloride concentrations were observed in proximal tubular cells exhibiting only mild histological damage prior to the onset of advanced tissue injury. Necrotic cells, on the other hand, showed widely variable intracellular electrolyte concentration patterns

  7. Avaliação experimental do coeficiente global de transferência de calor em leito fixo percolado com água - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v26i1.1551

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gylles Ricardo Ströher

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Foram efetuados diversos ensaios em um trocador de calor de leito fixo recheado com esferas de aço, percolado por água líquida e aquecido através da parede, medindo-se os perfis de temperatura na parede e no centro do leito em diversas condições experimentais: 3mm ≤ dp ≤ 6,3 mm, 50 L/h 2 = 0,99. Adicionalmente, pôde-se constatar que as temperaturas próximas à parede são muito mais sensíveis a alterações da vazão do que as temperaturas na região central do leito

  8. Estimativa dos valores de MSAD em procedimentos de tomografia computadorizada utilizando filmes radiocrômicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Beraldo Oliveira

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a viabilidade de filmes radiocrômicos como um dosímetro alternativo para estimativa da dose média em cortes múltiplos a partir dos perfis de kerma. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os filmes foram distribuídos em cilindros posicionados no centro e nas regiões periféricas de um objeto simulador padrão de abdome utilizado para dosimetria em tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS: Os valores de dose média em cortes múltiplos calculados foram 13,6 ± 0,7, 13,5 ± 0,7 e 18,7 ± 1,0 mGy para os valores de passo (pitch de 0,75, 1,00 e 1,50, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de os resultados mostrarem valores menores que o nível de referência de radiodiagnóstico de 25 mGy estabelecido pela legislação brasileira para exames de abdome, eles sugerem que há espaço para otimização dos procedimentos e uma revisão do valor para o nível de referência de radiodiagnóstico brasileiro.

  9. Solar Heating Systems with Evacuated Tubular Solar Collector

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Qin, Lin; Furbo, Simon

    1998-01-01

    Recently different designed evacuated tubular solar collectors were introduced on the market by different Chinese companies. In the present study, investigations on the performance of four different Chinese evacuated tubular collectors and of solar heating systems using these collectors were...... carried out, employing both laboratory test and theoretical calculations. The collectors were tested in a small solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system in a laboratory test facility under realistic conditions. The yearly thermal performance of solar heating systems with these evacuated tubular collectors......, as well as with normal flat-plate collectors was calculated under Danish weather conditions. It is found that, for small SDHW systems with a combi tank design, an increase of 25% -55% net utilized solar energy can be achieved by using these evacuated tubular collectors instead of normal flat...

  10. Mineralogia da fração argila de solos vermelhos com horizontes superficiais brunados do Planalto de Lages (SC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. A. Almeida

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Em regiões de altitudes elevadas do sul do Brasil, predominam perfis de solos com coloração bruna ou bruno-amarelada, em conseqüência do clima frio e úmido, que favorece a formação e, ou, persistência de óxidos de ferro na forma de goethita, causando o amarelecimento completo dos solos. Entretanto, em alguns locais, constatam-se perfis de solos com horizontes superficiais brunados, mas que, em profundidade, apresentam cores avermelhadas, o que parece constituir relíquia de clima pretérito mais seco e quente que o atual. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a gênese das feições citadas, por meio da avaliação das características estruturais dos óxidos de ferro goethita e hematita nos horizontes brunados e vermelhos. Para tanto, foram descritos e amostrados no Planalto de Lages dois perfis de Nitossolos Vermelhos (Podzólicos Vermelho-Escuros, com horizontes superficiais brunados. Além da caracterização analítica usual, avaliaram-se, através de difratometria de raios X, as características estruturais dos óxidos de ferro de horizontes dos perfis, bem como em crosta laterítica, pedotúbulos e nódulos de gibbsita. Diferenças no padrão da goethita entre os horizontes brunados e vermelhos, bem como similaridade no padrão da hematita ao longo dos perfis, evidenciam que a hematita e, possivelmente, parte da população de goethita com menor substituição de ferro por alumínio tenham sido preferencialmente dissolvidas nos horizontes superficiais. O amarelecimento superficial parece ter sido resultante da persistência da população de goethitas com maior substituição de ferro por alumínio e da neoformação de goethitas, cujas características de maior substituição isomórfica de ferro por alumínio indicam terem sido formadas em condições ambientais diferentes das que prevaleceram na formação dos horizontes subsuperficiais vermelhos.

  11. Monitoramento de informação em mídias sociais: o e-Monitor Dengue

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michele Nacif Antunes

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares da pesquisa "Monitoramento de informação sobre doenças negligenciadas: o e-Monitor Dengue". O e-Monitor Dengue é um sistema de monitoramento de informação na Internet feito por meio de um mecanismo robô, software ou agente inteligente que vasculha os sites sobre dengue disponíveis na Internet. Resultados de pesquisas anteriores indicaram novas perspectivas para o monitoramento, principalmente, por meio das mídias sociais. Dentre as mídias sociais, considera-se que o Twitter pode desempenhar um papel na gestão da informação ao permitir identificar usuários que podem atuar como filtro de informação, sendo possível acessar diretamente a informação mais relevante para uma determinada área de interesse. Assim, a partir do monitoramento do Twitter, a primeira pergunta a ser respondida no âmbito da pesquisa em andamento foi "Quem fala sobre dengue?". Inicialmente, foi possível identificar a relação dos atores/perfis localizados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e Niterói com maior ocorrência do termo "dengue" em suas mensagens. Os perfis foram cadastrados no sistema de monitoramento e são monitorados constantemente. Outra pergunta a ser respondida foi "Quando se fala de dengue?". Observa-se que o número de twetts acompanha o crescimento do número de casos de dengue. São indícios de que há uma relação entre os rumores sobre dengue e o aumento de número de casos notificados. Evidencia-se, desta forma, que realizar o monitoramento nas mídias sociais durante o período de epidemia e fazer sua relação com a situação epidemiológica da dengue pode ser uma estratégia importante para as autoridades em vigilância epidemiológica.

  12. Análise de conglomerados em curvas de aprendizado para formação de agrupamentos homogêneos de trabalhadores Cluster analysis of learning curves for grouping workers with homogeneous learning profiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Eduardo Stroieke

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Em diversos setores da indústria é desejado que trabalhadores reunidos em uma estação de trabalho apresentem perfil de aprendizado similar. O presente artigo apresenta um método de agrupamento de trabalhadores utilizando modelagem por curva de aprendizado e técnicas de clusterização. O método modela dados de desempenho de trabalhadores por intermédio de diversos modelos de curvas de aprendizado; os parâmetros de aprendizado dos modelos testados permitem predizer o desempenho dos trabalhadores em intervalos de tempo pré-determinados. Os valores preditos são agrupados através de ferramentas de clusterização. O maior índice de ajuste (IA, gerado a partir do Silhouette Index e do coeficiente de determinação, indica o modelo de curva mais consistente em termos de aderência aos dados e qualidade de agrupamento de perfis de aprendizado. Ao ser aplicado em dados de uma indústria de calçados, o método gerou agrupamentos consistentes de trabalhadores com base nos distintos perfis de aprendizado.In many industrial segments, it is desirable to allocate workers with similar learning profiles in the same workstation. This paper presents a method that groups workers based on learning curve modeling and clustering techniques. Workers' performance data are modeled through several learning curve models; learning parameters allow for workers' performance prediction at intervals of predetermined time. The predicted values are then grouped by clustering techniques. The largest Adjustment Index (AI, derived from the Silhouette Index and Coefficient of Determination, indicates the model yielding superior adherence to data and better clustering of learning profiles. When applied to a shoe manufacturing process, the method generated consistent groups of workers based on their learning profiles.

  13. Biological diversity variations of pediatric acute leukemia in Brazil: contribution of immunophenotypic profiles to epidemiological studies Diversidades biológicas da leucemia aguda em crianças no Brasil: contribuição de perfis imunofenotípicos para estudos epidemiológicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria S. Pombo-de-Oliveira

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available We describe the demographic and biological characteristics of 1,459 children with acute leukemia in Brazil to compare the effect of immunophenotypic differences with environmental factors that might be involved in the etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL. Combined morphological and immunological classifications were available for 96% of cases. Of these, 55% were B cell precursor ALL comprising pro-B ALL and c-ALL, 15% T-ALL and 1.6% mature B-ALL. The proportion of Bp and T-ALL differed by race with 59% of whites being Bp-ALL and 60.7% of non-whites being T-ALL. Further inspection of these data revealed that the proportions of whites in each type (Bp/T-cell ALL are almost identical in older children (60.3% and 59.3% respectively but differ substantially in younger cases (Os autores descrevem as características biológicas de 1.459 crianças com leucemias agudas no Brasil, para comparar os efeitos de diferentes perfis imunofenotípicos com fatores ambientais que podem estar associados à etiologia das leucemias linfoblásticas agudas (LLA. As classificações morfológicas e imunofenotípicas combinadas foram aplicadas em 96% dos casos. Nestes, 55% foram classificados como LLA de células B precursoras (LLA-Bp que compreendem LLA-pro-B e LLA-comum, 15% LLA-T, e 1,6% LLA-B. A proporção de LLA-Bp e LLA-T difere entre si quanto à raça, com 59% das LLA-Bp em crianças brancas, enquanto 60,7% LLA-T em crianças não-brancas. No entanto, as análises proporcionais de brancos versus não brancos para cada subtipo, quando ajustadas por idade, são semelhantes em crianças maiores de 6 anos (60,3% LLA-Bp e 59,3% LLA-T, mas diferem substancialmente em crianças menores, com 63,6% de LLA-Bp e 37,3% de LLA-T em brancos (0,0001. Estes resultados são consistentes com excesso de LLA-Bp em crianças brancas mais jovens, embora a distribuição entre LLA-Bp e LLA-T em cada região seja semelhante sem significado estatístico. As taxas de incid

  14. Tubular closure device

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klahn, F.C.; Nolan, J.H.; Wills, C.

    1982-01-01

    This invention relates to a closure mechanism for closing openings such as the bore of a conduit and for releasably securing members within the bore. More particularly, this invention relates to a closure mechanism for tubular irradiation surveillance specimen assembly holders used in nuclear reactors

  15. Viga mista de aço e concreto constituída por perfil formado a frio preenchido

    OpenAIRE

    Igor Avelar Chaves

    2009-01-01

    As vigas mistas de aço e concreto têm sido amplamente empregadas em edifícios e pontes, havendo ampla investigação teórica e experimental a respeito da utilização de perfis laminados e soldados e conectores de cisalhamento compatíveis com esses perfis, como por exemplo, o conector tipo pino com cabeça (stud bolt) e perfil U laminado. No âmbito dos perfis formados a frio, a utilização do sistema misto ainda é incipiente, necessitando de investigações mais aprofundadas a respeito do comportamen...

  16. Um estudo de simulação computacional para a análise de perfis de aprendizagem organizacional A computer simulation study for the analysis of profiles of organizational learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Debora Azevedo

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta um modelo de simulação computacional que estende o modelo de aprendizagem mútua proposto por March (1991 com base no modelo SECI de Nonaka e Takeuchi (1997. Inicialmente são apresentadas considerações sobre aprendizagem organizacional e o modelo de aprendizagem mútua. Em seguida o modelo de March é revisitado, e são propostas extensões. São simulados diferentes cenários de evolução do modelo proposto, considerando as extensões, e analisados os resultados com base no referencial teórico. Finalmente, este trabalho apresenta considerações sobre a interpretação dos resultados obtidos em diferentes ambientes organizacionais, objetivando discutir a relação entre perfis de organização e aprendizagem organizacional.This paper presents a computer simulation model that extends the model of Mutual Learning proposed by March (1991 based on the SECI model presented by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1997. Initially some considerations are presented on organizational learning and the model itself. Then the model proposed by March is revisited, and extensions are proposed. Various scenarios of evolution of the model are simulated, and the proposed extensions are analyzed. The results are analyzed, based on the theoretical framework proposed. Finally, some considerations are presented on the interpretation of results obtained in different organizational environments, in order to discuss the relationship between profiles of organizations and organizational learning.

  17. Funções de pedotransferência para predição da umidade retida a potenciais específicos em solos do estado de Pernambuco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. B. Oliveira

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Funções de pedotransferência são equações usadas para estimar características edáficas de difícil determinação a partir de outras mais facilmente obtidas. Apesar do bom número de equações disponíveis para estimativa da umidade retida a potenciais matriciais específicos, elas não devem ser usadas indiscriminadamente, pois, em sua maioria, foram desenvolvidas com solos de clima temperado e a partir de dados gerados por métodos diversos dos em uso nos laboratórios brasileiros. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: (a elaborar funções de pedotransferência para estimar o conteúdo de água nos potenciais de -33 e -1.500 kPa e a água disponível, a partir de dados granulométricos e de densidade do solo, para solos do estado de Pernambuco e (b comparar a eficiência de predição das equações propostas em relação a equações similares, disponíveis na literatura. No desenvolvimento das equações, foi utilizada uma base de dados composta por 98 perfis de solos e 467 horizontes. Os perfis foram agrupados, de acordo com Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, em 27 classes de terceiro nível categórico (grande grupo. As equações desenvolvidas apresentaram bons coeficientes de determinação e baixo erro de predição. A sistematização dos dados por atividade da fração argila ou grau aproximado de desenvolvimento ou classe textural não produziu melhorias na capacidade preditiva das pedofunções. As equações propostas em outros trabalhos apresentaram elevado erro de predição, o que restringe a sua utilização para solos do estado de Pernambuco.

  18. Ranitidine has no influence on tubular creatinine secretion

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van den Berg, J. G.; Koopman, M. G.; Arisz, L.

    1996-01-01

    Oral cimetidine competitively inhibits tubular secretion of creatinine. We investigated the potential of oral ranitidine, a comparable H2-receptor antagonist, to block tubular creatinine secretion. In 10 healthy subjects, clearances of inulin and endogenous creatinine were simultaneously measured

  19. SOFC mini-tubulares basadas en YSZ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Campana, R.

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Tubular SOFC have the advantage over planar SOFC of the low temperature sealing and more resistance to thermal shock. On the other hand the volumetric power density of tubular Fuel Cells goes with the inverse of the tube diameter which added to the faster warm-up kinetics makes low diameter tubular SOFC favorable for low power applications. Anode supported tubular SOFC of 3mm diameter and 150 mm length with YSZ electrolyte were fabricated and tested by V-I measurements using H2-Ar (5, 10, 100 vol% as fuel and air for the cathode. The NiO-YSZ tubes of about 400 μm thickness were produced by hydrostatic pressure and then coated with an YSZ film of 15-20 μm. The electrolyte was deposited using a manual aerograph. After sintering either Pt paste or LSF (with YSZ or SDC coatings of about 20-50 μm thickness were deposited for the cathode. The OCV of the cells were excellent, very close to the expected Nernst law prediction indicating that there were not gas leaks. The maximun electrical power of the cell was near to 500mW/cm2 at 850ºC operation temperature. Complex impedance measurements of the cells were performed in order to determine the resistance of the different cell components.

    La principal ventaja de las SOFC tubulares frente a las planares es el sellado de la cámara anódica y catódica a bajas temperaturas. Además la densidad de energía volumétrica de las pilas tubulares es inversamente proporcional al diámetro del tubo, que añadido a los tiempos cortos de encendido y apagado hacen que las mini-tubulares sean interesantes para usos de baja potencia. Se han fabricado y caracterizado SOFC tubulares soportadas en ánodo de 3mm de diámetro y de 150 mm de longitud, 400μm de espesor, con electrolito de YSZ depositado por spray de 15-20 μm. Los tubos de NiO-YSZ son producidos por prensado isostático. La caracterización eléctrica se ha realizado empleando H2-Ar como combustible an

  20. Análises dos principais sais presentes nas águas de poços tubulares em duas comunidades rurais do município de Pombal-PB

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alan Dél Carlos Gomes Chaves

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO – O uso de água subterrânea captada de poços tubulares para suprir a demanda desse insumo no processo de irrigação para produção de hortaliças nas comunidades de Várzea Comprida dos Oliveiras e Bezerro, vem ocorrendo de forma sistemática pelos agricultores que vivem e trabalham nas suas pequenas propriedades rurais. A água subterrânea é uma reserva estratégica cada vez mais usada devido à escassez hídrica enfrentada pela nossa região nos últimos anos.  A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em 2 etapas, sendo a primeira delas o reconhecimento da área de estudo através de visitas in loco nas propriedades dos produtores, na qual foi realizado o levantamento quantitativo dos poços artesianos existentes na comunidade Várzea Comprida dos Oliveiras e na comunidade Bezerro, onde verificou-se um total de 18 (dezoito poços tubulares, na qual a primeira consta com 11 (onze poços e a outra com 07 (sete, além da análise da água do rio Piranhas que margeia as duas comunidades. Na segunda etapa foram realizadas as coletas de águas dos poços para análise em laboratório. O trabalho teve como finalidade analisar os principais sais presentes nas águas dos poços tubulares das referidas comunidades. Os parâmetros selecionados para avaliar os níveis da qualidade da água dos poços tubulares foram os seguintes: K+, Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, SO42- , CO32-,, HCO3-,Cl-, CaCO3-. Com base nos dados obtidos dos elementos que foram analisados destacam-se o Cloreto e o Sódio que apresentaram resultados variando entre 0,4 a 2,7 mmolc L-1 e 0,2 e 3,68 mmolc L-1 respectivamente, não causando preocupação na utilização da água na irrigação das culturas e nem prejuízo ao sistema de irrigação. Analysis the main salts presents in waters of pool tube in two communities countrified the municipality of Pombal -PBABSTRACT – The use of groundwater extracted from pool to supply the demand of this input in the irrigation process for production of

  1. DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL DECISIONS FOR HEAT SUPPLY WITH TUBULAR GAS HEATERS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    IRODOV V. F.

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Annotation. Problems formulation. The problem that is solved is the development of autonomous heat supply systems that reduce the capital costs of construction and increase the efficiency of the use of energy resources. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of tubular gas heaters. For this, it is necessary to develop new technical solutions for heat supply with tubular gas heaters, as well as scientific and methodological support for the development, construction and operation of heat supply systems with tubular gas heaters. Analysis of recent research. Preliminary studies of infrared tubular gas heaters are considered, which were used to heat industrial enterprises with sufficiently high premises. The task was to extend the principles of heat supply by means of tubular heaters for heating air, water and heating medium in relatively low rooms. Goal and tasks. To lay out the development of technical solutions for heat supply with tubular gas heaters, which increase the efficiency and reliability of heat supply systems and extend the use of tubular gas heaters in heat supply. Results. Technical solutions for heat supply with tubular gas heaters have made it possible to extend their applications for heating air, water and heating medium in relatively low rooms. Scientific novelty. New technical solutions for heat supply with tubular gas heaters increase the efficiency of using fuel and energy resources at low capital costs. Practical significance. Technical solutions for heat supply using tubular heaters have the potential for wide application in the heat supply of industrial, public and residential facilities. Conclusions. For two decades, new technical solutions for heat supply with tubular gas heaters have been developed, which increase the efficiency and reliability of heat supply systems and can be widely used for autonomous heating.

  2. Urinary excretion of beta 2-glycoprotein-1 (apolipoprotein H) and other markers of tubular malfunction in "non-tubular" renal disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flynn, F V; Lapsley, M; Sansom, P A; Cohen, S L

    1992-07-01

    To determine whether urinary beta 2-glycoprotein-1 assays can provide improved discrimination between chronic renal diseases which are primarily of tubular or glomerular origin. Urinary beta 2-glycoprotein-1, retinol-binding protein, alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosa-minidase and albumin were measured in 51 patients with primary glomerular disease, 23 with obstructive nephropathy, and 15 with polycystic kidney disease, and expressed per mmol of creatinine. Plasma beta 2-glycoprotein-1 was assayed in 52 patients and plasma creatinine in all 89. The findings were compared between the diagnostic groups and with previously published data relating to primary tubular disorders. All 31 patients with plasma creatinine greater than 200 mumol/l excreted increased amounts of beta 2-glycoprotein-1, retinol-binding protein, and alpha 1-microglobulin, and 29 had increased N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; the quantities were generally similar to those found in comparable patients with primary tubular pathology. Among 58 with plasma creatinine concentrations under 200 mumol/l, increases in beta 2-glycoprotein-1, retinol-binding protein, and alpha 1-microglobulin excretion were less common and much smaller, especially in those with obstructive nephropathy and polycystic disease. The ratios of the excretion of albumin to the other proteins provided the clearest discrimination between the patients with glomerular or tubular malfunction, but an area of overlap was present which embraced those with obstructive nephropathy and polycystic disease. Increased excretion of beta 2-glycoprotein-1 due to a raised plasma concentration or diminution of tubular reabsorption, or both, is common in all the forms of renal disease investigated, and both plasma creatinine and urinary albumin must be taken into account when interpreting results. Ratios of urinary albumin: beta 2-glycoprotein-1 greater than 1000 are highly suggestive of primary glomerular disease and

  3. Perfis temporais NDVI MODIS, na cana-soca, de maturação tardia NDVI MODIS temporal profiles, in sugarcane, late maturation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando L. P. Ramme

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de um banco de dados relacional e de uma ferramenta para a visualização de perfis temporais do NDVI MODIS, a partir dos dados do produto MOD09Q1, referente ao fator de refletância bidirecional de superfície relativa ao comprimento de onda do vermelho e do infravermelho-próximo, composição temporal em mosaicos de 8 dias, e a banda de controle de qualidade, dos talhões de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo, para analisar a maturação da cana-soca Tardia. Das fazendas de cana-de-açúcar são obtidos os dados de históricos sobre produtividade, solo, variedade, localização de cada pixel para cada microrregião monitorada. Todos os dados são integrados em um banco de dados desenvolvido em PostgreSQL. O aplicativo foi implementado usando a linguagem Java e permitiu uma forma rápida e automática para analisar padrões fenológicos na cana-de-açúcar. Concluiu-se que o perfil temporal do NDVI MODIS obtido a partir do produto MOD09Q1 é capaz de subsidiar o monitoramento das mudanças fenológicas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar.This paper describes the development of a relational database and a tool for viewing MODIS NDVI temporal profile, using data from MOD09Q1 product, specifically the surface bidirectional reflectance factor relative to the RED and NIR wavelength, mosaic of 8-day temporal composition, and the quality band, in sugarcane fields in the state of São Paulo, for analysis of the late stubble-cane maturation. From sugarcane farms were obtained the historical data about yield, soil, variety, location of the each pixel for each subregion monitored. All data were integrated in a database developed in PostgreSQL. The tool was implemented using Java language and allowed a fast and automatic way of analyzing sugarcane phenological patterns. It concluded that the MODIS NDVI temporal profile using data from MOD09Q1 product is able to subsidize the monitoring of phenological changes in the

  4. Atitudes e o prazer/sofrimento no trabalho em saúde mental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Mara Gonçalves

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a existência de relação entre os perfis atitudinais e a dinâmica prazer/sofrimento em trabalhadores de Serviços de Saúde Mental. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo-analítico, correlacional e transversal, realizado em 2014. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: questionário de caracterização, Escala de Opiniões sobre a Doença Mental e Escala de Indicadores de Prazer e Sofrimento no Trabalho, respondidos por 80 trabalhadores da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial de Alfenas-MG. Resultados: Autoritarismo revelou-se o perfil predominante. Quanto ao prazer/sofrimento no trabalho, a Gratificação foi considerada satisfatória, e os indicadores Liberdade, Desgaste e Insegurança, moderados críticos. Houve correlações positivas entre as atitudes mais favoráveis e os indicadores de prazer no trabalho. Os valores de ambas as escalas mostraram relações com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Conclusão: as atitudes menos favoráveis são predominantes e, apesar do sofrimento presente, esses profissionais sentem-se gratificados em relação ao trabalho.

  5. Diffraction patterns from 7-Angstroms tubular halloysite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eggleton, T.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: The diffraction patterns from 7-Angstroms tubular halloysite are superficially like those from kaolinite. Diffraction from a tubular aggregate of atoms, however, differs from that from a crystal because there is no linear repetition in two of the three conventional crystallographic directions. In tubular halloysite, the tube axis is [010] or [110] and in this direction the unit cell repeats in the normal linear fashion. The x-axis, by contrast, changes direction tangentially around the tube circumference, and there can be no true z-axis, because unit cells in the radial direction do not superimpose, since each successive tubular layer has a larger radius than its predecessor and therefore must contain more unit cells than its predecessor. Because tubular 'crystals' do not have a lattice repeat, use of Bragg 'hkl' indices is not appropriate. In the xy plane, a small area of the structure approximates a flat layer silicate, and hk indices may been used to label diffraction maxima. Similarly, successive 1:1 layers tangential to the tube walls yield a series of apparent 001 diffraction maxima. Measurement of these shows that the d-spacings do not form an exact integral series. The reason for this lies in the curvature of the structure. Calculated electron and powder X-ray diffraction patterns, based on a model of concentric 1:1 layers with no regular relation between them other than the 7.2 Angstroms spacing, closely simulate the observed data. Evidence for the 2-layer structure that is generally accepted may need to be reassessed in the light of these results

  6. Inner Surface Chirality of Single-Handed Twisted Carbonaceous Tubular Nanoribbons.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Dan; Li, Baozong; Guo, Yongmin; Li, Yi; Yang, Yonggang

    2015-11-01

    Single-handed twisted 4,4'-biphenylene-bridged polybissilsesquioxane tubular nanoribbons and single-layered nanoribbons were prepared by tuning the water/ethanol volume ratio in the reaction mixture at pH = 11.6 through a supramolecular templating approach. The single-layered nanoribbons were formed by shrinking tubular nanoribbons after the removal of the templates. In addition, solvent-induced handedness inversion was achieved. The handedness of the polybissilsesquioxanes could be controlled by changing the ethanol/water volume ratio in the reaction mixture. After carbonization at 900 °C for 4.0 h and removal of silica, single-handed twisted carbonaceous tubular nanoribbons and single-layered nanoribbons with micropores in the walls were obtained. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that the carbon is predominantly amorphous. The circular dichroism spectra show that the twisted tubular nanoribbons exhibit optical activity, while the twisted single-layered nanoribbons do not. The results shown here indicate that chirality is transferred from the organic self-assemblies to the inner surfaces of the 4,4'-biphenylene-bridged polybissilsesquioxane tubular nanoribbons and subsequently to those of the carbonaceous tubular nanoribbons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Extrações sequenciais de chumbo e zinco em solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de metais pesados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Larissa Kummer

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available A extração sequencial permite obter informações mais detalhadas sobre origem, modo de ocorrência, disponibilidade biológica e físico-química, mobilização e transporte dos metais pesados em ambientes naturais. Com o objetivo de estudar as formas de Pb e Zn foram selecionados oito perfis de solos de diferentes locais dentro de área de mineração e metalurgia de Pb, no município de Adrianópolis (PR, Vale do Rio Ribeira. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0 a 10, 10 a 20 e 20 a 40 cm. Foram determinados os teores totais de Pb e Zn e sua especiação nas formas: solúvel; trocável; ligada a carbonatos; ligada à matéria orgânica; ligada aos óxidos de Fe de Al de baixa cristalinidade; ligada aos óxidos de Al cristalinos e filossilicatos 1:1 e 2:1; e residual. Com base nos valores percentuais de participação de cada fração nos teores totais, procedeu-se ao agrupamento das amostras similares por meio da análise de componentes principais (PCA. Houve basicamente duas formas de contaminação dos perfis de solo, sendo uma em decorrência das partículas das chaminés e a outra em função do acúmulo de rejeitos sólidos sobre os solos. A primeira foi mais prejudicial ao ambiente em razão dos maiores teores totais e de formas mais disponíveis no solo (solução mais trocável. De modo geral, houve maior associação de Pb aos carbonatos, seguida das frações residual e óxidos de Fe e Al de baixa cristalinidade. O Zn apresentou-se em formas mais insolúveis, aumentando a participação da fração residual nos teores totais. A PCA foi sensível às diferentes formas de Pb nos solos, pois promoveu o agrupamento das amostras, principalmente, em função da participação das formas trocáveis, ligadas aos óxidos de Fe e Al e ligadas aos carbonatos, em relação aos teores totais.

  8. Fatigue Life of High-Strength Steel Offshore Tubular Joints

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Petersen, Rasmus Ingomar; Agerskov, Henning; Lopez Martinez, Luis

    1996-01-01

    In the present investigation, the fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore steel structures is studied. Two test series on full-scale tubular joints have been carried through. One series was on joints in conventional offshore structural steel, and the other series was on joints in high-strength......In the present investigation, the fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore steel structures is studied. Two test series on full-scale tubular joints have been carried through. One series was on joints in conventional offshore structural steel, and the other series was on joints in high......-strength steel with a yield stress of 820-830 MPa and with high weldability and toughness properties. The test specimens of both series had the same geometry. The present report concentrates on the results obtained in the investigation on the high-strength steel tubular joints.The test specimens were fabricated...... from Ø 324-610 mm tubes, and the joints were loaded in in-plane bending. Both fatigue tests under constant amplitude loading and tests with a stochastic loading that is realistic in relation to offshore structures, are included in the investigation.A comparison between constant amplitude and variable...

  9. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FOOD TRUCKS PRESENTES EM EVENTOS GASTRONÔMICOS NO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elga Batista da Silva

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Eventos de food truck têm acontecido em vários locais do Rio de Janeiro, nos quais encontram-se tantos pratos internacionais famosos quanto comidas locais, além de cervejas gourmet. Essa pesquisa caracterizou food trucks no Rio de Janeiro, sendo para tanto realizado um estudo em cinco eventos gastronômicos desse tipo, selecionando em cada evento 10 empresas. Foi observada uma maior presença de caminhões do que food bikes e carrocinhas. Percebeu-se ser comum nesses eventos a baixa presença de propagandas; e poucos funcionários, estes receptivos e comprometidos um atendimento baseado na hospitalidade. Sobre os perfis dos cardápios, houve predominância de itens da Cozinha Norte Americana, seguida da Italiana; e muitas opções de sanduíches diversos. Um ponto negativo nesses eventos é o fator higiene, pois medidas simples desse quesito não foram atendidas.   Palavras-chave:cardápios; evento gastronômico; street food

  10. Distal renal tubular acidosis and hepatic lipidosis in a cat.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, S A; Spyridakis, L K; Crowell, W A

    1986-11-15

    Clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatic failure was found in a chronically anorectic cat. Simultaneous blood and urine pH determinations established a diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. The cat did not respond to treatment. Necropsy revealed distal tubular nephrosis and hepatic lipidosis. The finding of distal renal tubular acidosis in a cat with hepatic lipidosis emphasizes the importance of complete evaluation of acid-base disorders in patients.

  11. Transition piece for joining together tubular pieces

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holko, K.H.

    1981-01-01

    A transition piece for joining together tubular pieces formed respectively from a low alloy or carbon steel and a high temperature alloy containing at least 16% chromium includes a plurality of tubular parts welded together and formed from materials of selected composition with a maximum chromium content difference of 5% between adjacent parts when the chromium content of each part is below 10% and a maximum chromium difference of 7% between adjacent parts when the chromium content of either part is above 10%. The transition parts are also graded as to such characteristics as thermal expansion coefficient. The transition parts at opposite ends of the transition joint have chromium percentages similar to the tubular pieces to which they are to be joined. The parts may be joined by fusion and/or friction welding and parts may be formed by fusion weld deposition. (author)

  12. Estudo de metodologias para o dimensionamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com perfil celular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. BADKE-NETO

    Full Text Available Resumo Atualmente, com o avanço da tecnologia de corte e solda, perfis de aço com aberturas sequenciais na forma circular, denominados perfis celulares, vêm sendo bastante utilizadas como vigas de edificações. A ABNT NBR 8800:2008 e as normas estrangeiras não abordam vigas de aço e vigas mistas de aço e concreto com perfil celular, o que contribui para que o seu uso seja limitado. Foi desenvolvido e aferido um programa computacional para o dimensionamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com perfil celular biapoiadas de acordo com duas metodologias distintas da literatura. Um estudo paramétrico abordando vigas mistas com perfis celulares obtidos de dois perfis I de aço laminados comerciais foi realizado. Nesse estudo, a influência dos parâmetros geométricos do perfil celular e do comprimento do vão da viga na resistência e na forma de colapso foi analisada. Foi possível concluir que em muitas situações o uso de vigas mistas com perfil celular é vantajoso em relação às vigas mistas de alma cheia.

  13. A neglected case of Renal Tubular Acidosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Derakhshan, A.; Basiratnia, M.; Fallahzadeh, M.H.; Al-Hashemi, G.H.

    2007-01-01

    In this report, we present a case of a child with distal renal tubular acidosis, severe failure to thrive and profound rickets, who was only 7.8 Kg when presented at 6 years of age. His response to treatment and his follow up for four years is discussed. Although failure to thrive is a common finding in renal tubular acidosis but the physical and x-ray findings in our case were unique. (author)

  14. Mortalidade em idosos por diabetes mellitus como causa básica e associada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Medina Coeli

    2002-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO:Analisar a mortalidade por diabetes mellitus em idosos e a subenumeração do diabetes como causa do óbito de acordo com estatísticas baseadas unicamente em causa básica de óbito. MÉTODOS:Foram revisadas todas as 2.974 declarações de óbito ocorridas em 1994 de idosos residentes em um núcleo habitacional localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Destas, foram estudados 291 óbitos, tendo o diabetes mellitus como causa básica (150 e associada (141. A proporção de óbitos em que a diabetes aparece como causa básica em relação ao total de óbitos por diabetes foi calculada de forma global e segundo sexo e faixa etária. RESULTADOS:Dos 291 óbitos estudados, 138 (47,4% ocorreram em homens, e 153, em mulheres (52,6%. As taxas de mortalidade apresentaram crescimento contínuo com o avançar da idade, sendo superiores no sexo masculino, embora a diferença entre sexos tenha sido menor para a análise baseada unicamente na causa básica. Observou-se proporção elevada de óbitos domiciliares (22%. A proporção de óbitos por diabetes como causa básica foi de 51,5%, sendo maior nas mulheres do que nos homens. CONCLUSÕES:A análise das estatísticas de mortalidade baseadas unicamente na causa básica do óbito pode levar a perfis distorcidos, em função da subenumeração não ocorrer aleatoriamente. Estudos adicionais em coortes de idosos brasileiros diabéticos são necessários para permitir uma avaliação mais acurada da mortalidade nesse grupo.

  15. Alteração mineralógica de Neossolos em uma climo-litossequência no Planalto do Rio Grande do Sul Mineral weathering in Neossolos in a climo-litosequence on the Rio Grande do Sul Plateau, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabrício de Araújo Pedron

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available No Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS, os Neossolos Litólicos e Neossolos Regolíticos são solos que têm sofrido forte pressão de uso, demandando maior conhecimento sobre sua gênese e mineralogia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o grau de intemperismo de Neossolos Litólicos e Neossolos Regolíticos, avaliando-se a alteração dos minerais em perfis dispostos em uma climo-litossequência no Planalto do RS, através de técnicas de dissolução química e difração de raios X. Foram identificados dois grupos de solos com graus de alteração distintos. O primeiro é constituído pelos perfis da porção Oeste da climo-litossequência (P1, P2 e P3 e encontra-se no estádio entre a bissialitização e a monossialitização, com predomínio de esmectita com hidroxi-Al entrecamadas (EHE, caulinita e hematita na fração argila. O segundo é representado pelos perfis da porção Leste (P4 e P5, encontrando-se no estádio entre a monossialitização e a ferralitização, com predomínio de caulinita e goethita e presença de gibbsita e EHE na fração argila. Os resultados sugerem maior influência do clima na alteração dos perfis. Os índices ki e kr não foram eficientes em representar a condição de alteração secundária dos perfis de Neossolos.In the Rio Grande do Sul state (RS Neossolos Litólicos (Leptosols and Neossolos Regolíticos (Regosols are soils that have been suffering strong use pressure, demanding better knowledge on their genesis and mineralogy than the existing one. The objective of this research was to determine the weathering degree of Neossolos Litólicos and Neossolos Regolíticos through the evaluation of the minerals alteration in profiles disposed in a climo-litossequence in the RS Plateau, using techniques of chemical dissolution and X rays diffraction. The authors identified two groups of soils with different alteration degree. The first one is composed by the profiles of the West portion of the climo

  16. Caracterização e classificação de solos tiomórficos da várzea do rio Coruripe, no estado de Alagoas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. S. Souza Júnior

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Com objetivo de caracterizar e classificar solos com problemas de tiomorfismo na várzea do rio Coruripe, Zona Úmida Costeira do estado de Alagoas, foram selecionados seis perfis na área pertencente à Usina Coruripe, onde está instalado um sistema de drenagem. Os solos foram morfologicamente caracterizados e, nas amostras de cada horizonte, foram determinados: granulometria, densidade global e das partículas, porosidade total, pH (H2O e KCl, matéria orgânica, bases trocáveis e CTC, sulfato solúvel e condutividade elétrica. As diferenças entre os perfis estudados foram determinadas principalmente pela espessura, teor de carbono orgânico e grau de decomposição do material orgânico dos horizontes superficiais e refletem o arranjamento dos solos na paisagem. Os solos apresentaram altos teores de matéria orgânica, com valores entre 17 a 77% da massa do solo, que determinaram as propriedades físicas, a despeito da textura muito argilosa dos perfis. Os horizontes sulfúricos ocorreram à profundidade entre 45 e 90 cm, nos Gleissolos, e entre 15 e 43 cm, nos Organossolos. A capacidade de troca de cátions é muito alta em todos os perfis em virtude dos altos teores de matéria orgânica. Hidrogênio e alumínio são os cátions dominantes, conferindo o caráter distrófico aos perfis 2, 3 e 6 e álico aos perfis 1, 4 e 5. A condutividade elétrica apresentou valores elevados (≥ 4,0 dS m-1 em apenas alguns dos horizontes sulfúricos, em virtude da presença do hidrogênio em solução, liberado com a oxidação da pirita e formação de ácido sulfúrico. Com base nos resultados obtidos, os solos estudados foram classificados como: Gleissolo Tiomórfico Hístico típico álico; Gleissolo Tiomórfico Húmico típico distrófico; Organossolo Tiomórfico Sáprico térrico distrófico; Organossolo Tiomórfico Sáprico térrico álico; Organossolo Tiomórfico Hêmico térrico álico; Organossolo Tiomórfico Hêmico térrico distrófico. Os

  17. Estudo endócrino não invasivo e comportamental da gestação, parto e lactação da jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) em cativeiro

    OpenAIRE

    Cristina Harumi Adania

    2009-01-01

    Os perfis longitudinais dos metabólitos dos esteróides sexuais, progesterona e estrógenos, e dos glicocorticóides foram analisados para 22 eventos (gestação, parto e lactação) de 8 jaguatiricas mantidas em cativeiro. Três eventos foram oriundos da Transferência de Embrião (TE) e foram comparados àquelas que gestaram por fertilização natural. As análises estatísticas demonstraram haver diferenças altamente significativas para metabólitos de progesterona na fase inicial (P

  18. A young woman with recurrent kidney stones: questions on hypokalaemic tubular acidosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jill Vanmassenhove

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the problem of a young woman presenting with recurrent kidney stones. In the clinical work-up, a hypokalaemic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis was found. The diagnostic tests to solve this common clinical problem and some therapeutic recommendations are discussed. Question on hypokalaemic tubular acidosis: 1. What is the significance of the plasma anion gap (PAG? 2. How does one appreciate the respiratory component of the acid base status? 3. How does one perform tests for tubular acidification disturbances? 4. What is the pathogenesis of distal tubular acidification ­disturbances? 5. What is the explanation of the hypokalaemia in distal ­tubular acidosis? 6. What is the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis in distal tubular acidosis? 7. How does one treat a patient with distal tubular acidosis and recurrent nephrolithiasis?

  19. Análise comparativa de envoltórios para drenos tubulares em condições de fluxo não-permanente Comparative analysis of envelopes for tubular drains under non-steady state flow conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise M. de Almeida

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Com esta pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de envoltórios em drenos tubulares sob condições de fluxo não-permanente; para tanto, foram utilizados, em tanques de alvenaria, os envoltórios de geotêxteis XT-4, XT-2, bidim OP-30 e bidim OP-20, envelopes de brita no 1, com espessuras de 0,05, 0,10 e 0,15 m, além de um tratamento com ausência de envoltório. As variáveis-resposta utilizadas para se testar os tratamentos consistiram da lâmina drenada num tempo de 30 min, da massa de areia carreada após este tempo de drenagem e do desempenho hidráulico dos drenos, com base no cálculo da resistência de entrada ao fluxo e da relação entre vazão e carga hidráulica a 0,55 m da interface solo-dreno. As lâminas drenadas não diferiram estatisticamente a nível de 5% de probabilidade; no entanto, os geotêxteis bidim OP-20 e XT-4 mostraram-se, nesta ordem, como as melhores opções, face à análise de desempenho e se considerando os aspectos custo e facilidade de instalação. Quanto à análise da variável carreamento de areia, verificou-se a influência da espessura do envoltório ao se analisar os tratamentos com brita, além da opção das mantas, como excelente filtro. Os dados de resistência de entrada demonstraram a importância do uso de envoltórios ao se comparar o tratamento sem envoltório (r ent = 0,0102 d m-1 com o tratamento brita 0,15m (r ent = 0,0032 d m-1 cuja redução foi de 68,7%.The aim of the research was to evaluate the performance of eight types of envelopes installed around tubular drains in a horizontal tank model, with the treatments bidim OP-20, bidim OP-30, XT-2 and XT-4, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05 m thick gravel and the treatment drain without a wrapper. The response-variables for the treatments used consisted of the depth of water drained in thirty minutes, the mass of sediment transported by the water during this same time interval and the hydraulic performance of the drains based on the entrance

  20. Cyclosporine A induces senescence in renal tubular epithelial cells

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jennings, Paul; Koppelstaetter, Christian; Aydin, Sonia; Abberger, Thomas; Wolf, Anna Maria; Mayer, Gert; Pfaller, Walter

    The nephrotoxic potential of the widely used immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA) is well recognized. However, the mechanism of renal tubular toxicity is not yet fully elucidated. Chronic CsA nephropathy and renal organ aging share some clinical features, such as renal fibrosis and tubular

  1. New methods for the geometrical analysis of tubular organs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Grélard, Florent; Baldacci, Fabien; Vialard, Anne; Domenger, Jean-Philippe

    2017-12-01

    This paper presents new methods to study the shape of tubular organs. Determining precise cross-sections is of major importance to perform geometrical measurements, such as diameter, wall-thickness estimation or area measurement. Our first contribution is a robust method to estimate orthogonal planes based on the Voronoi Covariance Measure. Our method is not relying on a curve-skeleton computation beforehand. This means our orthogonal plane estimator can be used either on the skeleton or on the volume. Another important step towards tubular organ characterization is achieved through curve-skeletonization, as skeletons allow to compare two tubular organs, and to perform virtual endoscopy. Our second contribution is dedicated to correcting common defects of the skeleton by new pruning and recentering methods. Finally, we propose a new method for curve-skeleton extraction. Various results are shown on different types of segmented tubular organs, such as neurons, airway-tree and blood vessels. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Biblioteca Digital do Supremo Tribunal Federal: uma proposta em desenvolvimento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Tereza Machado Teles Walter

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available As t e c n o l o g i as d e i nf o rm a ç ã o e d e c om u n i c a ç ã o revolucionaram as formas de organização e de mediação de informação em todas as instituições prestadoras de serviço, sejam elas bibliotecas ou centros de documentação. Seu desenvolvimento passou a ser uma questão estratégica de planejamento para as instituições que desejem manter-se em consonância com demandas cada vez mais especializadas e atender usuários que têm modelos mentais e conhecimentos de uso de informação em ambientes digitais. Reconhecendo esse cenário, foi elaborado, pela Coordenadoria de Biblioteca do Supremo Tribunal Federal, o projeto de desenvolvimento de sua Biblioteca Digital, cuja definição foi a de se tratava de um ambiente em meio eletrônico, para prestação de serviços e oferta de produtos, que incluem textos integrais e que independem da presença física dos usuários. O histórico desse projeto é apresentado incluindo as etapas e os perfis profissionais que atuaram no desenvolvimento do trabalho. Em função das características das propostas, todo o projeto foi modularizado visando facilitar sua implantação, de forma que independesse de mudanças na alta gestão do órgão. Alguns resultados dessa proposição são relacionados ao final.

  3. Vibration analysis and sound field characteristics of a tubular ultrasonic radiator.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Zhaofeng; Zhou, Guangping; Zhang, Yihui; Li, Zhengzhong; Lin, Shuyu

    2006-12-01

    A sort of tubular ultrasonic radiator used in ultrasonic liquid processing is studied. The frequency equation of the tubular radiator is derived, and its radiated sound field in cylindrical reactor is calculated using finite element method and recorded by means of aluminum foil erosion. The results indicate that sound field of tubular ultrasonic radiator in cylindrical reactor appears standing waves along both its radial direction and axial direction, and amplitudes of standing waves decrease gradually along its radial direction, and the numbers of standing waves along its axial direction are equal to the axial wave numbers of tubular radiator. The experimental results are in good agreement with calculated results.

  4. Nerve regeneration using tubular scaffolds from biodegradable polyurethane.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hausner, T; Schmidhammer, R; Zandieh, S; Hopf, R; Schultz, A; Gogolewski, S; Hertz, H; Redl, H

    2007-01-01

    In severe nerve lesion, nerve defects and in brachial plexus reconstruction, autologous nerve grafting is the golden standard. Although, nerve grafting technique is the best available approach a major disadvantages exists: there is a limited source of autologous nerve grafts. This study presents data on the use of tubular scaffolds with uniaxial pore orientation from experimental biodegradable polyurethanes coated with fibrin sealant to regenerate a 8 mm resected segment of rat sciatic nerve. Tubular scaffolds: prepared by extrusion of the polymer solution in DMF into water coagulation bath. The polymer used for the preparation of tubular scaffolds was a biodegradable polyurethane based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and dianhydro-D-sorbitol. EXPERIMENTAL MODEL: Eighteen Sprague Dawley rats underwent mid-thigh sciatic nerve transection and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups with immediate repair: (1) tubular scaffold, (2) 180 degrees rotated sciatic nerve segment (control). Serial functional measurements (toe spread test, placing tests) were performed weekly from 3rd to 12th week after nerve repair. On week 12, electrophysiological assessment was performed. Sciatic nerve and scaffold/nerve grafts were harvested for histomorphometric analysis. Collagenic connective tissue, Schwann cells and axons were evaluated in the proximal nerve stump, the scaffold/nerve graft and the distal nerve stump. The implants have uniaxially-oriented pore structure with a pore size in the range of 2 micorm (the pore wall) and 75 x 700 microm (elongated pores in the implant lumen). The skin of the tubular implants was nonporous. Animals which underwent repair with tubular scaffolds of biodegradable polyurethanes coated with diluted fibrin sealant had no significant functional differences compared with the nerve graft group. Control group resulted in a trend-wise better electrophysiological recovery but did not show statistically significant

  5. Trabalho de casa, tarefas escolares, auto-regulação e envolvimento parental Homework, self-regulated learning and parent involvement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Rosário

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Urge entender o Trabalho de Casa (TPC como processo complexo para o qual conflui um vasto leque de factores impactantes. Neste relato analisam-se as relações entre os perfis de atitudes e comportamentos diante do TPC de Inglês e o nível instrutivo dos pais, a auto-eficácia percebida nessa disciplina bem como a correlação entre tais perfis de TPC e os perfis auto-regulatórios, em face do estudo. A amostra tomada é composta de 3929 alunos. O nível instrutivo dos pais associa-se positiva e significativamente aos perfis de atitudes e comportamentos de TPC. As atitudes e comportamentos de TPC correlacionam-se, positiva e significativamente, com os perfis auto-regulatórios, diante do estudo. Alunos que se percepcionam como mais auto-eficazes registam melhores perfis de atitudes e comportamentos de TPC. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de os diferentes parceiros do sistema educativo analisarem e promoverem activamente os processos auto-regulatórios envolvidos no ensino-aprendizagem em geral e no TPC em particular.There is a need to view homework (HW as a process for which a vast number of obstructive factors converges. In this report the interrelations between students of English as a Foreign Language, homework attitudes and behaviors, and their parents' education and students' perceived self-efficacy in EFL are analyzed. The correlation between students' EFL homework attitudes and behaviors and students' self-regulated learning profiles are also discussed. The study involved 3929 students, from 5th to 9th grades compulsory education. The collected data evidenced the positive and significant associations between EFL students' attitudes and behaviors towards homework and the parents' education and students' perceived self-efficacy in EFL. The correlation between EFL students' attitudes and behaviors towards homework and students' self-regulated learning profiles proves to be positive and significant. Calling the attention of teachers and

  6. Cor de solo, formas do fósforo e adsorção de fosfatos em Latossolos desenvolvidos de basalto do extremo-sul do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Almeida J. A.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Latossolos Brunos e Vermelhos férricos desenvolvidos de basalto representam parcela expressiva dos solos intensivamente cultivados do Sul do Brasil. Além dos perfis monomatizados típicos, brunos ou vermelhos, incluem-se, atualmente, nestas duas classes perfis polimatizados, que apresentam os horizontes superficiais brunados e os subsuperficiais mais avermelhados, anteriormente individualizados como Latossolo "Bruno/Roxo". Não há, ainda, no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, um consenso quanto aos componentes de cor mais apropriados para separação dos Latossolos Brunos e Vermelhos. Graças à sua textura muito argilosa e ao alto conteúdo de óxidos de ferro, tais solos apresentam elevada capacidade de adsorção de fosfatos, à qual se pressupõe seja diferenciada de acordo com as formas dos óxidos de ferro presentes em cada modalidade. Por outro lado, a matéria orgânica, ao interagir com os óxidos de ferro, pode igualmente mascarar o efeito individual desses óxidos na fixação. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetivou: (a testar a utilidade e a eficácia do uso de dados espectrais obtidos por refletância difusa como ferramenta para identificação dos óxidos de ferro goethita (FeOOH e hematita (Fe2O3; (b quantificar, por fracionamento químico, as diferentes formas ou compartimentos onde se encontra o fósforo nesses solos, e (c avaliar o efeito dos diferentes tipos e proporções de hematita e goethita na adsorção de fósforo, bem como o efeito da matéria orgânica na redução dessa capacidade sortiva. Foram selecionados seis perfis de solo em Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, sendo dois Latossolos Brunos típicos, dois Latossolos Vermelhos férricos e dois Latossolos Brunos, provisoriamente denominados Latossolo Bruno/Vermelho férrico. Os perfis foram caracterizados do ponto de vista físico, químico e mineralógico, sendo as amostras de quatro horizontes de cada perfil selecionadas para análises mais

  7. Tubular membrane bioreactors for biotechnological processes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wolff, Christoph; Beutel, Sascha; Scheper, Thomas

    2013-02-01

    This article is an overview of bioreactors using tubular membranes such as hollow fibers or ceramic capillaries for cultivation processes. This diverse group of bioreactor is described here in regard to the membrane materials used, operational modes, and configurations. The typical advantages of this kind of system such as environments with low shear stress together with high cell densities and also disadvantages like poor oxygen supply are summed up. As the usage of tubular membrane bioreactors is not restricted to a certain organism, a brief overview of various applications covering nearly all types of cells from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells is also given here.

  8. Produção e degradação in vitro de estruturas tubulares de celulose bacteriana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa A. Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A necessidade de novos recursos em cardiologia tem direcionado a Engenharia de Tecidos ao desenvolvimento de vasos sanguíneos artificiais que atendam aos requisitos do organismo. Neste trabalho, estruturas tubulares de celulose bacteriana (CB foram produzidas e sua degradação in vitro foi avaliada. Através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura constatou-se que não houve alterações significativas na microestrutura e morfologia das fibras de CB após ensaios de degradação. Os ensaios de degradação em soluções fisiológicas PBS e salina revelaram uma degradação substancialmente baixa após 20 semanas. A baixa velocidade de degradação dos vasos é de grande importância, visto que o processo para a formação de novos vasos (angiogênese demanda tempo.

  9. Mathematical modeling of methyl ester concentration distribution in a continuous membrane tubular reactor and comparison with conventional tubular reactor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Talaghat, M. R.; Jokar, S. M.; Modarres, E.

    2017-10-01

    The reduction of fossil fuel resources and environmental issues made researchers find alternative fuels include biodiesels. One of the most widely used methods for production of biodiesel on a commercial scale is transesterification method. In this work, the biodiesel production by a transesterification method was modeled. Sodium hydroxide was considered as a catalyst to produce biodiesel from canola oil and methanol in a continuous tubular ceramic membranes reactor. As the Biodiesel production reaction from triglycerides is an equilibrium reaction, the reaction rate constants depend on temperature and related linearly to catalyst concentration. By using the mass balance for a membrane tubular reactor and considering the variation of raw materials and products concentration with time, the set of governing equations were solved by numerical methods. The results clearly show the superiority of membrane reactor than conventional tubular reactors. Afterward, the influences of molar ratio of alcohol to oil, weight percentage of the catalyst, and residence time on the performance of biodiesel production reactor were investigated.

  10. Caracterização de Espodossolos dos Estados da Paraíba e do Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vânia Soares de Carvalho

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudos com Espodossolos de ambientes tropicais de tabuleiros costeiros ainda são escassos. Este trabalho visou caracterizar perfis desses solos, tanto nos tabuleiros como em uma restinga nos Estados da Paraíba e do Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado com 14 perfis, inseridos em relevo predominantemente plano e sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, em que foram realizadas análises físicas, químicas e mineralógicas. Com relação às condições de drenagem, a maioria dos perfis foi definida como moderada a imperfeitamente drenada, com o lençol freático presente a uma profundidade de 182, 85 e 74 cm, em três deles. A textura evidenciou-se predominantemente arenosa, com variações entre areia, areia-franca e franco-arenosa, sempre com valores da fração argila inferiores a 130 g kg-1. Com relação às propriedades químicas, observaram-se acidez elevada, baixa saturação por bases, baixa CTC e alta saturação por Al3+. Alguns horizontes com cores nos matizes 10YR e 7,5YR, com valores entre 5 e 7 e cromas de 2 a 8 classificados como Bs, apresentaram teores de matéria orgânica mais altos que alguns horizontes classificados como Bhs, demonstrando a insuficiência do critério da cor para identificação desses horizontes cimentados. A mineralogia dos solos apresentou predominância de caulinita e quartzo na fração argila, com pequena representação de ilita, gibbsita, feldspato e anatásio. Nos tabuleiros, além desses minerais, também ocorreu a goethita. Na fração silte, verificou-se a predominância de quartzo e caulinita em todos os solos e, em menor expressão, anatásio, feldspato, goethita e gibbsita. Na fração areia, houve predominância do quartzo em todos os perfis, com traços de feldspato.

  11. Generation of Urinary Albumin Fragments Does Not Require Proximal Tubular Uptake

    OpenAIRE

    Weyer, K.; Nielsen, R.; Christensen, E. I.; Birn, H.

    2012-01-01

    Urinary albumin excretion is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker of renal function. Both animal and human urine contain large amounts of albumin fragments, but whether these fragments originate from renal tubular degradation of filtered albumin is unknown. Here, we used mice with kidneys lacking megalin and cubilin, the coreceptors that mediate proximal tubular endocytosis of albumin, to determine whether proximal tubular degradation of albumin forms the detectable urinary albumin f...

  12. Proximal tubular dysfunction as an indicator of chronic graft dysfunction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N.O.S. Câmara

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available New strategies are being devised to limit the impact of renal sclerosis on graft function. Individualization of immunosuppression, specifically the interruption of calcineurin-inhibitors has been tried in order to promote better graft survival once chronic graft dysfunction has been established. However, the long-term impact of these approaches is still not totally clear. Nevertheless, patients at higher risk for tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF development should be carefully monitored for tubular function as well as glomerular performance. Since tubular-interstitial impairment is an early event in TA/IF pathogenesis and associated with graft function, it seems reasonable that strategies directed at assessing tubular structural integrity and function would yield important functional and prognostic data. The measurement of small proteins in urine such as α-1-microglobulin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha/pi S-glutathione transferases, β-2 microglobulin, and retinol binding protein is associated with proximal tubular cell dysfunction. Therefore, its straightforward assessment could provide a powerful tool in patient monitoring and ongoing clinical assessment of graft function, ultimately helping to facilitate longer patient and graft survival associated with good graft function.

  13. Modeling constrained sintering of bi-layered tubular structures

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tadesse Molla, Tesfaye; Kothanda Ramachandran, Dhavanesan; Ni, De Wei

    2015-01-01

    Constrained sintering of tubular bi-layered structures is being used in the development of various technologies. Densification mismatch between the layers making the tubular bi-layer can generate stresses, which may create processing defects. An analytical model is presented to describe the densi...... and thermo-mechanical analysis. Results from the analytical model are found to agree well with finite element simulations as well as measurements from sintering experiment....

  14. Intrarenal purinergic signaling in the control of renal tubular transport

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Prætorius, Helle; Leipziger, Jens Georg

    2010-01-01

    Renal tubular epithelial cells receive hormonal input that regulates volume and electrolyte homeostasis. In addition, numerous intrarenal, local signaling agonists have appeared on the stage of renal physiology. One such system is that of intrarenal purinergic signaling. This system involves all......-reaching advances indicate that ATP is often used as a local transmitter for classical sensory transduction. This transmission apparently also applies to sensory functions in the kidney. Locally released ATP is involved in sensing of renal tubular flow or in detecting the distal tubular load of NaCl at the macula...

  15. Avaliação macro e microscópica dos testículos em modelo experimental de criptorquidia pela secção do Gubernaculum testis em ratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Roberto Rodrigues de Lima

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da secção distal do Gubernaculum testis como modelo experimental de criptorquidia unilateral em ratos. MÉTODO: Foram usados 36 ratos machos de linhagem Wistar-EPM, distribuídos em dois grupos: A (Grupo Experimento: animais submetidos à secção distal do gubernaculum direito e B (Grupo Controle: operação simulada do lado direito. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 3 subgrupos com 6 animais cada : A-1, A-2 e A-3: B-1, B-2 e B-3. Os animais dos subgrupos A-1 e B-1 foram re-operados após 30 dias. Os animais dos subgrupos A-2 e B-2 foram mortos após 50 dias e os dos subgrupos A-3 e B-3 após 90 dias. RESULTADOS: Houve diferenças quanto ao peso, tamanho e posição do testículo afetado em relação ao lado controle,as quais só foram evidenciadas a partir do subgrupo A-2 (50 dias.O testículo não foi palpável na bolsa testicular em 88,9% dos casos e não houve óbito dos animais. Foram observadas alterações da maturidade celular, atrofia tubular, diminuição do diâmetro dos túbulos e ausência de espermatozóides na luz tubular no grupo A e presença de normalidade histológica para a idade nos animais do grupo B. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo experimental de produção de criptorquidia experimental unilateral pela secção do Gubernaculum testis em ratos foi eficaz e prático.

  16. Elevated oxidized glutathione in cystinotic proximal tubular epithelial cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilmer, Martijn J G; de Graaf-Hess, Adriana; Blom, Henk J; Dijkman, Henry B P M; Monnens, Leo A; van den Heuvel, Lambertus P; Levtchenko, Elena N

    2005-11-18

    Cystinosis, the most frequent cause of inborn Fanconi syndrome, is characterized by the lysosomal cystine accumulation, caused by mutations in the CTNS gene. To elucidate the pathogenesis of cystinosis, we cultured proximal tubular cells from urine of cystinotic patients (n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 9), followed by immortalization with human papilloma virus (HPV E6/E7). Obtained cell lines displayed basolateral polarization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and presence of aminopeptidase N (CD-13) and megalin, confirming their proximal tubular origin. Cystinotic cell lines exhibited elevated cystine levels (0.86 +/- 0.95 nmol/mg versus 0.09 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg protein in controls, p = 0.03). Oxidized glutathione was elevated in cystinotic cells (1.16 +/- 0.83 nmol/mg versus 0.29 +/- 0.18 nmol/mg protein, p = 0.04), while total glutathione, free cysteine, and ATP contents were normal in these cells. In conclusion, elevated oxidized glutathione in cystinotic proximal tubular epithelial cell lines suggests increased oxidative stress, which may contribute to tubular dysfunction in cystinosis.

  17. Urinary Markers of Tubular Injury in Early Diabetic Nephropathy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Temesgen Fiseha

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Diabetic nephropathy (DN is a common and serious complication of diabetes associated with adverse outcomes of renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Early and accurate identification of DN is therefore of critical importance to improve patient outcomes. Albuminuria, a marker of glomerular involvement in early renal damage, cannot always detect early DN. Thus, more sensitive and specific markers in addition to albuminuria are needed to predict the early onset and progression of DN. Tubular injury, as shown by the detection of tubular injury markers in the urine, is a critical component of the early course of DN. These urinary tubular markers may increase in diabetic patients, even before diagnosis of microalbuminuria representing early markers of normoalbuminuric DN. In this review we summarized some new and important urinary markers of tubular injury, such as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1, liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG, alpha-1 microglobulin (A1M, beta 2-microglobulin (B2-M, and retinol binding protein (RBP associated with early DN.

  18. Hemodynamic and tubular changes induced by contrast media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caiazza, Antonella; Russo, Luigi; Sabbatini, Massimo; Russo, Domenico

    2014-01-01

    The incidence of acute kidney injury induced by contrast media (CI-AKI) is the third cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast media cause relevant alterations both in renal hemodynamics and in renal tubular cell function that lead to CI-AKI. The vasoconstriction of intrarenal vasculature is the main hemodynamic change induced by contrast media; the vasoconstriction is accompanied by a cascade of events leading to ischemia and reduction of glomerular filtration rate. Cytotoxicity of contrast media causes apoptosis of tubular cells with consequent formation of casts and worsening of ischemia. There is an interplay between the negative effects of contrast media on renal hemodynamics and on tubular cell function that leads to activation of renin-angiotensin system and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the kidney. Production of ROS intensifies cellular hypoxia through endothelial dysfunction and alteration of mechanisms regulating tubular cells transport. The physiochemical characteristics of contrast media play a critical role in the incidence of CI-AKI. Guidelines suggest the use of either isoosmolar or low-osmolar contrast media rather than high-osmolar contrast media particularly in patients at increased risk of CI-AKI. Older age, presence of atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, chronic renal disease, nephrotoxic drugs, and diuretics may multiply the risk of CI-AKI.

  19. Renal pathophysiologic role of cortical tubular inclusion bodies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Radi, Zaher A; Stewart, Zachary S; Grzemski, Felicity A; Bobrowski, Walter F

    2013-01-01

    Renal tubular inclusion bodies are rarely associated with drug administration. The authors describe the finding of renal cortical tubular intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies associated with the oral administration of a norepinephrine/serotonin reuptake inhibitor (NSRI) test article in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were given an NSRI daily for 4 weeks, and kidney histopathologic, ultrastructural pathology, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Round eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed histologically in the tubular epithelial cells of the renal cortex in male and female SD rats given the NSRI compound. No evidence of degeneration or necrosis was noted in the inclusion-containing renal cells. By ultrastructural pathology, inclusion bodies consisted of finely granular, amorphous, and uniformly stained nonmembrane-bound material. By immunohistochemistry, inclusion bodies stained positive for d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) protein. In addition, similar inclusion bodies were noted in the cytoplasmic tubular epithelial compartment by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination.  This is the first description of these renal inclusion bodies after an NSRI test article administration in SD rats. Such drug-induced renal inclusion bodies are rat-specific, do not represent an expression of nephrotoxicity, represent altered metabolism of d-amino acids, and are not relevant to human safety risk assessment.

  20. MODELING OF TUBULAR ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR FOR DYE REMOVAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. VIJAYAKUMAR

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the present investigation is to model a tubular electrochemical reactor for the treatment of synthetic dye wastewater. The tubular reactor was modeled and solved by finite difference method. For the model solution, the column was divided into 11 nodes in the axial direction and the variation in the radial direction has been neglected. An initial dye concentration of 200 mg L-1was taken in the reservoir. The reactor was operated in a batch with recirculation operation. Based on preliminary experiments all parameters have been optimized. The model simulation is compared with the experimental value and it is observed that the model fairly matches well with the experiment. The modeling of tubular electrochemical reactors for dye waste water treatment could be useful in the design and scale up of electrochemical process.

  1. Factor H and Properdin Recognize Different Epitopes on Renal Tubular Epithelial Heparan Sulfate

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Zaferani, Azadeh; Vives, Romain R.; van der Pol, Pieter; Navis, Gerjan J.; Daha, Mohamed R.; van Kooten, Cees; Lortat-Jacob, Hugues; Seelen, Marc A.; van den Born, Jacob

    2012-01-01

    During proteinuria, renal tubular epithelial cells become exposed to ultrafiltrate-derived serum proteins, including complement factors. Recently, we showed that properdin binds to tubular heparan sulfates (HS). We now document that factor H also binds to tubular HS, although to a different epitope

  2. Gamma flux responsive self-powered detector with a tubular emitter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldstein, N.P.; Todt, W.H.

    1982-01-01

    A gamma-sensitive flux detector comprises tubular emitter, an insulating core within the emitter and an insulating layer about the emitter, and a tubular conductive collector electrode about the insulating layer. The emitter material may be platinum, lead, bismuth, tantalum, tungsten; platinum preferred

  3. Mathematical rationalization for the renal tubular transport: revised concepts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mioni, Roberto; Marega, Alessandra; Romano, Giulio; Montanaro, Domenico

    2017-09-01

    The current emphasis on kinetics and in situ control of molecular exchanges, across the tubular membrane, has not been paralleled by corresponding improvements in our understanding of tubular behaviour at the macroscopic level of classical physiology. In this paper, we propose a mathematical rationalization of macroscopic tubular transport by means of a principal transport equation, originating from the law of mass action between substrate and carrier. The other equations, derived from the main one, demonstrate the possibility of distinguishing between transporters with low affinity and high capacity and transporters with high affinity and low capacity. Moreover, our model formalizes both tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Regarding the renal calcium handling, our model confirms the two-compartment system proposed by Mioni in 1971, with some important variants, which are in agreement with the fractional reabsorptions of this cation along the tubule, as verified by micro-puncture technique. To obtain the frequency distribution of saturated tubules, we have utilized the infinitesimal analysis method, starting from the equations proposed by Smith in 1943, concluding that all titration curves result from the combined effect of enzymatic approach and anatomical heterogeneity of the nephrons. The theoretical equations included in our manuscript reflect substantial and palpable physiological mechanisms able to suggest diagnosis and therapy of some electrolyte and hormonal disorders. At the end of this paper, we highlight advantages and disadvantages detectable by comparing our mathematical approach with Marshall's and Bijvoet's methods, proposed, respectively, in 1976 and 1984.

  4. Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil Artrópodes associados a carcaças de suínos em dois perfis de vegetação de Cerrado no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Augusto Rosa

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Forensic Entomology research has been concentrated in only a few localities of the "Cerrado" vegetation, the Brazilian Savannah. The present study had, as its objective, an examination of the diversity of arthropod fauna associated with the carcasses of Sus scrofa (Linnaeus in this biome. The study was conducted during the dry and humid periods in two Cerrado vegetation profiles of the State of Minas Gerais. The decaying process was slower and greater quantities of arthropods were collected during the dry period. Insects represented 99% of 161,116 arthropods collected. The majority of these were Diptera (80.2% and Coleoptera (8.8%. The entomofauna belong to 85 families and at least 212 species. Diptera were represented by 31 families and at least 132 species. Sarcophagidae (Diptera and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera were the richest groups. Oxysarcodexia (Sarcophagidae presented the largest number of attracted species, however none of these species bred in the carcasses. The Coleoptera collected belong to at least 50 species of 21 families. Among these species, Dermestes maculatus and Necrobia rufipes were observed breeding in the carcasses. This study showed species with potential importance for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI, indicative of seasonal and environmental type located.Estudos de entomologia forense em área de Cerrado ainda são escassos no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a riqueza da artropodofauna associada a carcaças de suínos domésticos em decomposição. O estudo foi conduzido em dois perfis de Cerrado, Cerrado senso stricto e Campo sujo, durante dois períodos do ano, seco e úmido, em Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. Insetos representaram 99% dos 161.116 artrópodes coletados, sendo representados majoritariamente por dípteros (80,2% e coleópteros (8,8%. A entomofauna era pertencente a 85 famílias e pelo menos 212 espécies. Os dípteros foram representados por 31 famílias e pelo menos 132 espécies. Os

  5. Caracterização etnopedológica de Planossolos utilizados em cerâmica artesanal no Agreste Paraibano Ethnopedological studies on solonetz and Planosols used in pottery craftwork in the Agreste region, State of Paraiba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ângelo Giuseppe Chaves Alves

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available Técnicas adaptadas da etnociência clássica foram utilizadas para descrever e avaliar os conhecimentos de um grupo de artesãos camponeses do Agreste Paraibano sobre alguns solos que eles usam como recurso cerâmico. Cinco perfis de solo foram descritos por agrônomos-pesquisadores (abordagem eticista e por camponeses (abordagem emicista, em locais onde a população local extrai material para cerâmica. Amostras coletadas em ambas as abordagens foram usadas para caracterização morfológica e analítica desses solos. Os camponeses pesquisados foram capazes de distinguir, identificar e nomear diversos materiais de solo, arranjados em estratos ao longo dos perfis de solo, de modo comparável ao arranjo dos horizontes pedogenéticos. A visão, o tato e o paladar foram empregados pelos artesãos na avaliação da qualidade do solo para cerâmica. Quatro perfis descritos junto às fontes de material cerâmico foram classificados como Planossolo Nátrico e um como Planossolo Háplico. A realização de pesquisas etnopedológicas em diferentes contextos sociais e pedológicos pode contribuir para o avanço da ciência do solo, sendo também uma oportunidade para melhor compreender as formas camponesas de conhecimento e manejo de solos.Classic ethnoscientific techniques were adapted to describe and analyze the knowledge of peasant potters about soils they use for making pottery in a rural village in the Agreste region, State of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Five soil profiles from pits where local people obtain pottery clay were formally described by researchers (etic approach and by peasant artisans (emic approach. Samples collected during both the emic and etic approaches were used for the morphological and analytical soil characterization. The peasant potters were able to distinguish, identify, and name soil materials arranged in layers along the soil profiles, somehow comparable to the arrangement of the pedogenetic horizons. Vision, touch and

  6. pH measurement of tubular vacuoles of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora margarita.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Funamoto, Rintaro; Saito, Katsuharu; Oyaizu, Hiroshi; Aono, Toshihiro; Saito, Masanori

    2015-01-01

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in phosphate supply to the host plants. The fungal hyphae contain tubular vacuoles where phosphate compounds such as polyphosphate are accumulated. Despite their importance for the phosphate storage, little is known about the physiological properties of the tubular vacuoles in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. As an indicator of the physiological state in vacuoles, we measured pH of tubular vacuoles in living hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita using ratio image analysis with pH-dependent fluorescent probe, 6-carboxyfluorescein. Fluorescent images of the fine tubular vacuoles were obtained using a laser scanning confocal microscope, which enabled calculation of vacuolar pH with high spatial resolution. The tubular vacuoles showed mean pH of 5.6 and a pH range of 5.1-6.3. These results suggest that the tubular vacuoles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have a mildly acidic pH just like vacuoles of other fungal species including yeast and ectomycorrhizal fungi.

  7. Extrações sequenciais de chumbo e zinco em solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de metais pesados

    OpenAIRE

    Kummer,Larissa; Melo,Vander de Freitas; Barros,Yara Jurema; Azevedo,Julio César Rodrigues de

    2011-01-01

    A extração sequencial permite obter informações mais detalhadas sobre origem, modo de ocorrência, disponibilidade biológica e físico-química, mobilização e transporte dos metais pesados em ambientes naturais. Com o objetivo de estudar as formas de Pb e Zn foram selecionados oito perfis de solos de diferentes locais dentro de área de mineração e metalurgia de Pb, no município de Adrianópolis (PR), Vale do Rio Ribeira. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0 a 10, 10 a 20 e 20 a 40 c...

  8. OS “OBJETOS DE ESTUDO” DA PESQUISA EM ENSINO DE FÍSICA SEGUNDO PESQUISADORES BRASILEIROS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olga L. Castiblanco Abril

    Full Text Available Nesta pesquisa, optamos por investigar junto a pesquisadores em ensino de física brasileiros sobre os "objetos de estudo" deste campo, numa tentativa de identificar algumas características que permitam organizar núcleos de conteúdos a serem ensinados numa disciplina de Didática da Física. Também perguntamos sobre os métodos de pesquisa e os principais referenciais teóricos, além de realizar uma sucinta caracterização dos perfis profissionais desses pesquisadores, a fim de ampliar opções de compreensão das respostas à questão. Para tanto, aplicamos um questionário elaborado e validado, especificamente para cada pesquisador. Através da análise dos dados obtidos pudemos concluir que os "objetos de estudo" da pesquisa em ensino de física no Brasil são diversos, mas possíveis de ser entendidos em campos temáticos inter-relacionados. Além disso, constatamos o caráter multidisciplinar da pesquisa na área, o que nos permite deduzir que o ensino da Didática da Física deve ter esse mesmo caráter.

  9. Relação entre acidez e outros atributos químicos em solos com teores elevados de matéria orgânica Relationship between acidity and other chemical attributes of soils with high organic matter content

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adierson Gilvani Ebeling

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O elevado teor de matéria orgânica dos Organossolos confere-lhes características edáficas próprias, que podem ser contrastantes em relação ao observado em solos minerais. Devido à forte interação entre a matéria orgânica e os elementos a ela adsorvidos, os métodos de rotina em fertilidade do solo podem não avaliar de forma adequada a acidez nos Organossolos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar e estabelecer relações entre atributos do complexo sortivo e a acidez em solos com alto teor de carbono. Foram avaliados doze perfis, onze Organossolos e um Cambissolo, de diferentes Estados brasileiros, coletados de 2000 a 2002. Os perfis foram separados em ambientes de várzeas e planícies litorâneas e solos de ambiente altimontano e planalto. Além da caracterização dos perfis, segundo métodos da Embrapa, o pH foi analisado por diferentes métodos e foram determinados os teores de C, usando um analisador elementar (C_CHN, e a matéria orgânica pelo método da mufla (MO_mufla. Pelos resultados, verificase que os métodos de determinação de pH em água, em KCl e o pH SMP podem ser usados para expressar a acidez desses solos. Observou-se alta correlação entre o pH SMP e a acidez potencial. Os teores de C_CHN e de MO_mufla tiveram correlação significativa, porém negativa, com o pH em água e positiva com os valores T e H. O comportamento diferenciado da acidez dos solos, em função do ambiente de formação, indica ser importante esta separação no manejo da acidez e na avaliação da fertilidade em Organossolos.The high levels of organic matter in Histosols grant them peculiar characteristics that are contrasting when compared to mineral soils. Due to the strong interaction between organic matter and adsorbed elements, the routine methods in soil fertility may not evaluate properly Histosols soil acidity. The objectives of this study were to characterize and establish relationships between attributes of the

  10. Expansion of Tubular with Elastomers in Multilateral Wells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Md Velden

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available The use of solid expandable tubular technology during the last decade has focused on solving many challenges in well drilling and delivery including zonal isolation, deep drilling, conservation of hole sizes, etc. not only as pioneered solution but also providing cost effective and long lasting solutions. Concurrently, the technology was extended for construction of multilateral in typical wells. The process of horizontal tubular expansion is similar to the vertical expansion of expandable tubular in down-hole environment with the addition of uniformly distributed force due to its weight. The expansion is targeted to increase its diameter such that post expansion characteristics remain within allowable limits. In this study a typical expandable tubular of 57.15 mm outer diameter and 6.35 mm wall thickness was used with two different elastomer seals of 5 and 7 mm thickness placed at equal spacing of 200 mm. The developed stress contours during expansion process clearly showed the high stress areas in the vicinity of expansion region which lies around the mandrel. These high stresses may result in excessive wear of the mandrel. It was also found out that the drawing force increases as the mandrel angle, expansion ratio, and friction coefficient increases. A mandrel angle of 20o  requires minimum expansion force and can be considered as an optimum geometrical parameter to lower the power required for expansion.

  11. Tubular lysosome morphology and distribution within macrophages depend on the integrity of cytoplasmic microtubules

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Swanson, J.; Bushnell, A.; Silverstein, S.C.

    1987-01-01

    Pinocytosis of the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow labels elongated, membrane-bound tubular organelles in several cell types, including cultured human monocytes, thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the macrophage-like cell line J774.2. These tubular structures can be identified as lysosomes by acid phosphatase histochemistry and immunofluorescence localization of cathepsin L. The abundance of tubular lysosomes is markedly increased by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. When labeled by pinocytosis of microperoxidase and examined by electron microscopic histochemistry, the tubular lysosomes have an outside diameter of ≅ 75 nm and a length of several micrometers; they radiate from the cell's centrosphere in alignment with cytoplasmic microtubules and intermediate filaments. Incubation of phorbol myristate acetate-treated macrophages at 4 0 C or in medium containing 5 μM colchicine or nocodazole at 37 0 C leads to disassembly of microtubules and fragmentation of the tubular lysosomes. Return of the cultures to 37 0 C or removal of nocodazole from the medium leads to reassembly of microtubules and the reappearance of tubular lysosomes within 10-20 min. The authors conclude that microtubules are essential for the maintenance of tubular lysosome morphology and that, in macrophages, a significant proportion of the lysosomal compartment is contained within these tubular structures

  12. Não sou/ não curto: sentidos circulantes nos discursos de apresentação do aplicativo grindr = I’m not/ I’m don’t like: circulating meanings in profiles of grindr app

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grohmann, Rafael do Nascimento

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo se propõe a compreender os discursos de apresentação (ou “perfis” de usuários do aplicativo Grindr, utilizado principalmente por homens gays com finalidade de relacionamento. O que nos interessa saber é: quais os perfis para ser um “sujeito de sucesso” no Grindr e quais os sentidos circulantes (principalmente relacionados a masculinidade, feminilidade e classe social nos discursos e como esses sentidos revelam relações de poder circulantes na sociedade. Os usuários, em sua maioria, apresentam em seus perfis, enunciados com os dizeres “não sou” ou “não curto”, expressando discursivamente sua identidade a partir da negação do “outro”, colocado como inferior

  13. Intrarenal purinergic signaling in the control of renal tubular transport

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Prætorius, Helle; Leipziger, Jens Georg

    2010-01-01

    -reaching advances indicate that ATP is often used as a local transmitter for classical sensory transduction. This transmission apparently also applies to sensory functions in the kidney. Locally released ATP is involved in sensing of renal tubular flow or in detecting the distal tubular load of NaCl at the macula...

  14. Prevalence of renal tubular dysfunction in beta thalassemia minor in shiraz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Moradi Nakhodcheri

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available  Background & objective: β-Thalassemia minor is an asymptomatic hereditary disease. The first study on the relation of renal tubular dysfunction and β-thalassemia minor was performed in 2002 but those studies seem inadequate.The main goal of this study is through evaluation of renal tubular function in 100 patients with thalassemia minor. Materials & Methods: 100 patients with β- thalassemia which confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis and CBC as well as RBC indices were studied.14 out of 100 cases exit because of Urinary Tract Infection, diabetes mellitus or hypertension.Complete chemistry profile was performed on serum and urine of all reminder 86 patients (46 female and 40 male. Patients classified into two groups: β-thalassemia minor with anemia and without anemia. Another control group include 50 healthy individuals also considered.Then data analyzed by proper statistical methods. Results: 20 out of 86 reminder cases e.g. 24% showed at least one index of renal tubular dysfunction.58% of patients was been anemic and 42% non anemic. The most prominent tubular dysfunction was seen in a 29 years old lady with glucosuria and without anemia. conclusion: β-Thalassemia minor is common in Iran specially in Fars province. This study revealed significant renal tubular dysfunction in patient with β-thalassemia minor. So it is necessary to check out thalassemic patients for renal function tests periodically. Key words: β-thalassemia, minor,renal tubular dysfunction

  15. A tubular dielectric elastomer actuator: Fabrication, characterization and active vibration isolation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sarban, R.; Jones, R. W.; Mace, B. R.

    2011-01-01

    This contribution reviews the fabrication, characterization and active vibration isolation performance of a core-free rolled tubular dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator, which has been designed and developed by Danfoss PolyPower A/S. PolyPower DE material, PolyPower (TM), is produced in thin sheets...... of 80 mu m thickness with corrugated metallic electrodes on both sides. Tubular actuators are manufactured by rolling the DE sheets in a cylindrical shape. The electromechanical characteristics of such actuators are modeled based on equilibrium pressure equation. The model is validated with experimental...... the dominant dynamic characteristics of the core-free tubular actuator. It has been observed that all actuators have similar dynamic characteristics in a frequency range up to 1 kHz. A tubular actuator is then used to provide active vibration isolation (AVI) of a 250 g mass subject to shaker generated 'ground...

  16. Modified tubularized incised plate urethroplasty

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shivaji Mane

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Aim: To share our experience of doing tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with modifications. Materials and Methods: This is a single surgeon personal series from 2004 to 2009. One hundred patients of distal hypospadias were subjected for Snodgrass urethroplasty with preputioplasty. The age range was 1 to 5 year with mean age of 2.7 years. Selection criteria were good urethral plate, without chordee and torsion needing complete degloving. Main technical modification from original Snodgrass procedure was spongioplasty, preputioplasty, and dorsal slit when inability to retract prepuce during surgery. Results: Average follow-up period is 23 months. Seven (7% patients developed fistula and one patient had complete preputial dehiscence. Phimosis developed in three (3% patients and required circumcision. Dorsal slit was required in seven patients. One patient developed meatal stenosis in postoperative period. All other patients are passing single urinary stream and have cosmesis that is acceptable. Conclusions: Modified tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with preputioplasty effectively gives cosmetically normal looking penis with low complications.

  17. Estudo da viabilidade do preparo direto para descanso de cíngulo em incisivo central superior

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    ALENCAR José Freire de

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade estudar a viabilidade do preparo direto para descanso em cíngulo de incisivo central superior, por intermédio de processamento de imagem. Foram reproduzidos dez dentes íntegros, montados em um suporte de alumínio com resina acrílica e distribuídos entre cinco especialistas, que executaram os preparos para descanso. Em seguida, os corpos-de-prova foram cortados ao longo de suas coroas, tendo como guia um corte inicial, feito no centro da borda incisal de cada dente. O preparo foi então dimensionado, estabelecendo-se medidas lineares e angulares que permitissem uma análise comparativa entre o perfil original do dente e aquele após o preparo, enquanto se determinava a perfuração ou não da camada de esmalte. Todas as observações foram feitas, digitalizando-se os perfis e processando as imagens num programa específico. Dos cinqüenta modelos preparados, seguindo critérios estabelecidos, trinta e três perfuraram a camada de esmalte. Sendo assim, o incisivo central superior não está indicado para receber preparo direto para descanso de cíngulo.

  18. Alterações vasculares em ratos obesos por dieta rica em gordura: papel da Via L-arginina/NO Endotelial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Bruder Nascimento

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Mecanismos subjacentes a anormalidades vasculares na obesidade ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos. OBJETIVO: Foi avaliada a via do óxido nítrico/L-arginina na resposta vascular de ratos obesos por dieta rica em gordura, enfocando as células endoteliais e do músculo liso. MÉTODOS: Ratos com 30 dias de vida foram divididos em 2 grupos: controle (C e obeso (OB, ratos sob dieta rica em gordura por 30 semanas. Após 30 semanas, foram registrados o peso corporal, índice de adiposidade, pressão arterial e perfis metabólicos e endócrinos dos animais. Foram obtidas curvas para noradrelanina na ausência e presença de inibidor de óxido nítrico sintase (L-NAME, 3x10-4M em aorta torácica intacta e com desnudamento em ratos C e OB. RESULTADOS: As medidas de peso corporal, índice de adiposidade, leptina e insulina aumentaram nos ratos OB, enquanto a pressão arterial permaneceu inalterada. A obesidade também produziu tolerância à glicose e resistência à insulina. A reatividade à noradrenalina da aorta intacta foi similar em ratos C e OB. A presença de L-NAME produziu um aumento similar nas respostas máximas, mas um desvio maior à esquerda das respostas nas aortas intactas dos ratos C em relação aos ratos OB [EC50 (x10-7M: C = 1,84 (0,83-4,07, O = 2,49 (1,41-4,38; presença de L-NAME C = 0,02 (0,01-0,04*, O = 0,21 (0,11-0,40*†,*p < 0,05 vs controle respectivo,†p < 0,05 vs controle mais L-NAME, n = 6-7]. Nenhum dos protocolos alterou a reatividade à noradrenalina de aortas com desnudamento. CONCLUSÃO: A obesidade induzida por dieta rica em gordura promove alterações metabólicas e vasculares. A alteração vascular envolveu uma melhora da via endotelial L-arginina/NO provavelmente relacionada à hiperinsulinemia e hiperleptinemia induzidas por dieta. A maior resistência aos efeitos do L-NAME na aorta de ratos obesos diz respeito a menor vulnerabilidade de indivíduos obesos na presença de patologias

  19. Influência da queima controlada no pH do solo em povoamentos de Pinus spp, na região de Sacramento, MG.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Gomes Neto

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência da queima na variação do pH em solo com povoamento de Pinus caribaea Morolet var. hondurensis e Pinus oocarpa Schiedler. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se na região de Sacramento, Minas Gerais, em latossolo vermelho-amarelo, fase argilosa. Foram selecionados 2 talhões (250 x 600 m para cada espécie, demarcados por aceiros e queimados em dois períodos, às 10 e 16 horas, segundo a técnica de queima contra o vento. As áreas experimentais foram divididas em 8 parcelas, por espécie, em um delineamento completamente ao acaso. A coleta dos dados foi feita antes, imediatamente após, 7 meses e 14 meses após a queima em perfis de solo de 0-50 cm, abertos na interseção entre linhas e filas das árvores. Foram coletadas amostras da serrapilheira e de solo a várias profundidades. Verificou-se que após a queima, o pH em cloreto de potássio teve uma ligeira elevação, estabilizando-se até o final do período, em ambas as espécies estudadas. Para o pH em água, houve também uma ligeira elevação após a queima no Pinus oocarpa e um aumento significativo no final do período, para ambas espécies estudadas.

  20. Análise da distribuição espacial de dose absorvida em próton terapia ocular Spatial distribution analysis of absorbed dose in ocular proton radiation therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marília Tavares Christóvão

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Propõe-se avaliar os perfis de dose em profundidade e as distribuições espaciais de dose para protocolos de radioterapia ocular por prótons, a partir de simulações computacionais em código nuclear e modelo de olho discretizado em voxels. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As ferramentas computacionais empregadas foram o código Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking Toolkit e o SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia. O Geant4 é um pacote de software livre, utilizado para simular a passagem de partículas nucleares com carga elétrica através da matéria, pelo método de Monte Carlo. Foram executadas simulações computacionais reprodutivas de radioterapia por próton baseada em instalações pré-existentes. RESULTADOS: Os dados das simulações foram integrados ao modelo de olho através do código SISCODES, para geração das distribuições espaciais de doses. Perfis de dose em profundidade reproduzindo o pico de Bragg puro e modulado são apresentados. Importantes aspectos do planejamento radioterápico com prótons são abordados, como material absorvedor, modulação, dimensões do colimador, energia incidente do próton e produção de isodoses. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a terapia por prótons, quando adequadamente modulada e direcionada, pode reproduzir condições ideais de deposição de dose em neoplasias oculares.OBJECTIVE: The present study proposes the evaluation of the depth-dose profiles and the spatial distribution of radiation dose for ocular proton beam radiotherapy protocols, based on computer simulations in nuclear codes and an eye model discretized into voxels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The employed computational tools were Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking Toolkit and SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia - Computer System for Dosimetry in Radiotherapy. Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through the matter, based on Monte Carlo method. Computer simulations

  1. Process for the fixing of a metallic end piece on a tubular component

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Charpin, Jean.

    1975-01-01

    Under this invention the process makes it possible to joint a tubular component and in particular a tubular filter and an end piece, with a connection of great mechanical strength, perfectly leak proof and with excellent corrosion resistance, particularly with respect to fluorinated by-products. This process is therefore of great worth in fixing to a bearer a thin ceramic compound tubular filter element, since such a filter can be used in particular for the separation of uranium isotopes by gaseous diffusion and for the separation of hydrocarbons in petrochemicals. To this end, the process under consideration is characterised in that it consists in depositing a layer of ceramic material, by hot projection, at the end of the tubular element and in sealing the end piece to the end of the tubular element by the hot projection of a ceramic or metallic substance [fr

  2. Aplicação de modelos digitais do terreno (MDT em análises macrogeomorfológicas: o caso da bacia hidrográfica do Araguaia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Morato de Carvalho

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho consiste na aplicação e teste de técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto para estudo geomorfológico de macroescala em sistemas fluviais de grande porte. A área de estudo é a bacia do Rio Araguaia, 2 com uma área de drenagem que se estende por 375000 km ao longo do Brasil Central. Foi gerado um modelo digital do terreno (MDT através do sensor Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR, obtido da Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM. O objetivo foi identificar o potencial desta ferramenta para estudos geomorfológicos. Os principais produtos obtidos foram imagem sombreada, mapa hipsométrico, identificação de lineamentos estruturais, mapa de declividade e rede de drenagem, assim como perfis topográficos e o perfil longitudinal do rio Araguaia. Os resultados mostraram que em geral, os modelos tridimensionais do terreno - MDT - são ferramentas bastante eficientes para análises macrogeomorfológicas em grandes bacias hidrográficas. Entretanto, a baixa resolução vertical, produz alguns resultados de declividade relativamente pobres em áreas planas.

  3. Caracterização geoecológica como subsídio para estudos ambientais em RPPNs: estudos de casos no Paraná

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maristela Moresco Mezzomo

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available A caracterização do meio físico de unidades de conservação apresenta-se como importante aspecto para o planejamento de ações de gestão ambiental, devendo, inclusive, constar no plano de manejo. Porém, muitas unidades de conservação não contam com esse plano. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo apresenta a técnica de caracterização geoecológica, por meio da construção de perfis geoecológicos, como método para o levantamento e reconhecimento do meio físico de unidade de conservação, em especial para Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPNs. Este estudo foi aplicado nas RPPNs Artur Cesar Vigilato/Fazenda Santa Terezinha e Artur Cesar Vigilato/Fazenda Mangueira, localizadas, respectivamente, nos Municípios de Luiziana e Campo Mourão, Estado do Paraná. Os resultados possibilitaram reconhecer como é a organização vertical e horizontal dos elementos da paisagem das áreas, os quais foram representados visualmente nos perfis geoecológicos. Além disso, foi possível compreender a dinâmica das RPPNs, no que tange aos riscos ambientais, possibilitando a organização de informações e dados que poderão subsidiar outros estudos ambientais.

  4. Rectosigmoid tubular duplication presenting as perineal sepsis in a neonate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Zhibo; Huang, Ying; Wang, Dajia; Su, Pengjun

    2010-03-01

    Tubular rectal duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of tubular rectal duplication in a newborn baby who presented with perianal sepsis. The diagnosis was confirmed by barium enema, magnetic resonance imaging, and at operation. We performed total mucosectomy through a posterior sagittal incision combined with laparotomy. The patient was doing quite well at 17-month follow-up examination.

  5. Boron--epoxy tubular structure members

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shakespeare, W. B. J.; Nelson, P. T.; Lindkvist, E. C.

    1973-01-01

    Composite materials fabricate thin-walled tubular members which have same load-carrying capabilities as aluminum, titanium, or other metals, but are lighter. Interface between stepped end fitting and tube lends itself to attachments by primary as well as secondary bonding. Interlaminar shear and hoop stress buildup in attachment at end fitting is avoided.

  6. 99mTc renal tubular function agents: Current status

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eshima, D.; Fritzberg, A.R.; Taylor, A. Jr.

    1990-01-01

    Orthoiodohippuric (OIH) acid labeled with 131I is a widely used renal radiopharmaceutical agent and has been the standard radiopharmaceutical agent for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow (EPRF). Limitations to the routine clinical use of 131I OIH are related to the suboptimal imaging properties of the 131I radionuclide and its relatively high radiation dose. 123I has been substituted for 131I; however, its high cost and short shelf-life have limited its widespread use. Recent work has centered on the development of a new 99mTc renal tubular function agent, which would use the optimal radionuclidic properties and availability of 99mTc and combine the clinical information provided by OIH. The search for a suitable 99mTc renal tubular function agent has focused on the diamide dithiolate (N2S2), the paraaminohippuric iminodiacetic acid (PAHIDA), and the triamide mercaptide (N3S) donor ligand systems. To date, the most promising 99mTc tubular function agent is the N3S complex: 99mTc mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc MAG3). Studies in animal models in diuresis, dehydration, acid or base imbalance, ischemia, and renal artery stenosis demonstrate that 99mTc MAG3 behaves similarly to 131I OIH. A simple kit formulation is available that yields the 99mTc MAG3 complex in high radiochemical purity. Studies in normal subjects and patients indicate that 99mTc MAG3 is an excellent 99mTc renal tubular agent, but its plasma clearance is only 50% to 60% that of OIH. In an effort to develop an improved 99mTc renal tubular function agent, changes have been made in the core N3S donor ligand system, but to date no agent has been synthesized that is clinically superior to 99mTc MAG3. 61 references

  7. VALIDATION OF SIMULATION MODELS FOR DIFFERENTLY DESIGNED HEAT-PIPE EVACUATED TUBULAR COLLECTORS

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fan, Jianhua; Dragsted, Janne; Furbo, Simon

    2007-01-01

    Differently designed heat-pipe evacuated tubular collectors have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical work has included development of two TRNSYS [1] simulation models for heat-pipe evacuated tubular collectors utilizing solar radiation from all directions. One model...... coating on both sides. The input to the models is thus not a simple collector efficiency expression but the actual collector geometry. In this study, the TRNSYS models are validated with measurements for four differently designed heat-pipe evacuated tubular collectors. The collectors are produced...

  8. Interferon-γ Reduces the Proliferation of Primed Human Renal Tubular Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omar García-Sánchez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Background/Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD is a progressive deterioration of the kidney function, which may eventually lead to renal failure and the need for dialysis or kidney transplant. Whether initiated in the glomeruli or the tubuli, CKD is characterized by progressive nephron loss, for which the process of tubular deletion is of key importance. Tubular deletion results from tubular epithelial cell death and defective repair, leading to scarring of the renal parenchyma. Several cytokines and signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β and the Fas pathway, have been shown to participate in vivo in tubular cell death. However, there is some controversy about their mode of action, since a direct effect on normal tubular cells has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that epithelial cells would require specific priming to become sensitive to TGF-β or Fas stimulation and that this priming would be brought about by specific mediators found in the pathological scenario. Methods: Herein we studied whether the combined effect of several stimuli known to take part in CKD progression, namely TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ, and Fas stimulation, on primed resistant human tubular cells caused cell death or reduced proliferation. Results: We demonstrate that these cytokines have no synergistic effect on the proliferation or viability of human kidney (HK2 cells. We also demonstrate that IFN-γ, but not the other stimuli, reduces the proliferation of cycloheximide-primed HK2 cells without affecting their viability. Conclusion: Our results point at a potentially important role of IFN-γ in defective repair, leading to nephron loss during CKD.

  9. Balanço geoquímico de solos derivados de rochas básico-ultrabásicas no ambiente subtropical do Rio Grande do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. F. S. Pinto

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available O balanço de massa da intemperização de solos desenvolvidos de rochas básico-ultrabásicas no Rio Grande do Sul, os menos intemperizados constatados até o presente no estado, mostrou nos horizontes superficiais uma concentração relativa mais elevada dos elementos móveis do que nos subsuperficiais, indicando a existência de descontinuidade entre eles. Tais feições, em conjunto com a mineralogia e com a morfologia dos perfis investigados, indicam a ocorrência de eventos erosivo-deposicionais em um passado pedogeneticamente recente, bem como uma contribuição importante de materiais intempericamente menos evoluídos para a composição mineral dos horizontes superficiais. Esses eventos erosivos e o rejuvenescimento superficial dos perfis explicam o pouco desenvolvimento e a semelhança química e mineralógica desses solos com os desenvolvidos de rochas básico-ultrabásicas em regiões temperadas.

  10. Alterações anatomopatológicas renais em indivíduos com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laguna-Torres Victor Alberto

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available As alterações anatomopatológicas renais foram estudadas em 119 casos de indivíduos com a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana adquirida (SIDA no Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba MG. A partir das amostras de rim fixadas em formol, foram confeccionadas lâminas e analisadas ao microscópio de luz. Dos 119 casos estudados, 67 tiveram diagnóstico de nefrite túbulo intersticial (NTI, sendo 18 inespecíficas, 2 xantogranulomatosas e encontrou-se agente infeccioso em 48: fungos em 28 (16 Cryptococcus sp, 9 Histoplasma sp, 1 Candida sp e 2 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; bactérias em 18 (9 Mycobacterium sp; vírus em 6, Citomegalovírus. Em 43 havia necrose tubular aguda (NTA. Outros diagnósticos foram: nefrocalcinose (15,1% e hialinose arteriolar (22,7%. Encontrou-se também 2 casos com glomeruloesclerose segmentar focal (GESF e um caso de hiperplasia mesangial difusa. Houve predomínio da NTI, que pode ser devido às infecções oportunistas, predominando as fúngicas; a toxicidade por drogas ou ainda devido a possível ação direta do próprio vírus. A necrose tubular aguda (NTA, foi a segunda causa em freqüência, de acometimento renal da amostra. Concluiu-se que o envolvimento renal nos pacientes com SIDA apresenta um espectro variado de processos patológicos, principalmente relacionados com infecções oportunistas, o tratamento e os procedimentos para diagnósticos, e ainda as nefropatias associadas ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH.

  11. Carcinoma de células renais em bovinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo B. Lucena

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Foram encontrados nove casos de carcinoma de células renais em uma pesquisa de 586 tumores em bovinos provenientes de 6.706 necropsias realizadas nessa espécie num período de 45 anos (1964-2008. Seis bovinos morreram por complicações do tumor e três foram achados incidentais. Os bovinos acometidos por carcinoma de células renais demonstraram os seguintes sinais clínicos: perda de peso (5 casos, massas abdominais palpáveis (4 casos, dificuldade respiratória (4 casos, tosse (4 casos, hiporexia (3 casos, anorexia (2 casos, dor abdominal (2 casos e febre (1 caso. Os sinais clínicos observados estavam relacionados ao comprometimento induzido pelas metástases, que foram observadas nos nove casos. As metástases foram observadas nos linfonodos abdominais, superfícies serosas, fígado e pulmão. Dois bovinos tinham tumor renal bilateral. Microscopicamente, foi observado o padrão tubular, sólido e um misto de sólido e tubular e tubulopapilífero. O tipo celular eosinofílico foi predominante, apenas um tumor sólido era constituído basicamente por células claras. Reação cirrosa variou de discreta à acentuada. Corpora amylaceae foi um achado comum. Todos os tumores marcaram positivamente para citoceratina AE1/AE3 com diferentes graus de intensidade. A imunomarcação para CD10 foi observada em todos os casos testados. CD10 marcou intensamente no CCR de células claras, nos demais a marcação foi observada de forma isolada e menos intensa. Três tumores marcaram de forma isolada e discreta para o anticorpo anti-PAX-2. A avaliação foi negativa para citoceratina 34β12, c-KIT (CD117, S-100, cromogranina A e apoproteína A surfactante. Os resultados obtidos indicam que CCR são incomuns em bovinos no Sul do Brasil com uma média de 1.3 casos para cada mil necropsias realizadas e que o anticorpo anti-CD10 é útil no diagnóstico de CCR em bovinos.

  12. The effect of acyclovir on the tubular secretion of creatinine in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aleksa Katarina

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background While generally well tolerated, severe nephrotoxicity has been observed in some children receiving acyclovir. A pronounced elevation in plasma creatinine in the absence of other clinical manifestations of overt nephrotoxicity has been frequently documented. Several drugs have been shown to increase plasma creatinine by inhibiting its renal tubular secretion rather than by decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR. Creatinine and acyclovir may be transported by similar tubular transport mechanisms, thus, it is plausible that in some cases, the observed increase in plasma creatinine may be partially due to inhibition of tubular secretion of creatinine, and not solely due to decreased GFR. Our objective was to determine whether acyclovir inhibits the tubular secretion of creatinine. Methods Porcine (LLC-PK1 and human (HK-2 renal proximal tubular cell monolayers cultured on microporous membrane filters were exposed to [2-14C] creatinine (5 μM in the absence or presence of quinidine (1E+03 μM, cimetidine (1E+03 μM or acyclovir (22 - 89 μM in incubation medium. Results Results illustrated that in evident contrast to quinidine, acyclovir did not inhibit creatinine transport in LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cell monolayers. Conclusions The results suggest that acyclovir does not affect the renal tubular handling of creatinine, and hence, the pronounced, transient increase in plasma creatinine is due to decreased GFR, and not to a spurious increase in plasma creatinine.

  13. Fatores associados à percepção e atitude de consumidores de carne bovina com certificação de origem em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

    OpenAIRE

    Lopes, Marcos Aurélio; Maia, Érica Mariz; Bruhn, Fábio Raphael Pascoti; Custódio, Izadora Alvarenga; Rocha, Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da; Faria, Peter Bittencout

    2017-01-01

    RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores socioeconômicos relacionados com a decisão de compra de carne com certificação de origem, além de levantar os perfis de percepção e de atitude dos consumidores de carne bovina, em Uberlândia, MG. Foi realizada a descrição das variáveis e construído um modelo múltiplo Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) de regressão logística, para testar as possíveis associações entre as características socioeconômicas dos consumidores e os principais...

  14. Review: peripheral nerve regeneration using non-tubular alginate gel crosslinked with covalent bonds.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hashimoto, Tadashi; Suzuki, Yoshihisa; Suzuki, Kyoko; Nakashima, Toshihide; Tanihara, Masao; Ide, Chizuka

    2005-06-01

    We have developed a nerve regeneration material consisting of alginate gel crosslinked with covalent bonds. in the first part of this study, we attempted to analyze nerve regeneration through alginate gel in the early stages within 2 weeks. in the second part, we tried to regenerate cat peripheral nerve by using alginate tubular or non-tubular nerve regeneration devices, and compared their efficacies. Four days after surgery, regenerating axons grew without Schwann cell investment through the partially degraded alginate gel, being in direct contact with the alginate without a basal lamina covering. One to 2 weeks after surgery, regenerating axons were surrounded by common Schwann cells, forming small bundles, with some axons at the periphery being partly in direct contact with alginate. At the distal stump, numerous Schwann cells had migrated into the alginate 8-14 days after surgery. Remarkable restorations of the 50-mm gap in cat sciatic nerve were obtained after a long term by using tubular or non-tubular nerve regeneration material consisting mainly of alginate gel. However, there was no significant difference between both groups at electrophysiological and morphological evaluation. Although, nowadays, nerve regeneration materials being marketed mostly have a tubular structure, our results suggest that the tubular structure is not indispensable for peripheral nerve regeneration.

  15. Micro-Drilling of Polymer Tubular Ultramicroelectrode Arrays for Electrochemical Sensors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Niels B. Larsen

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available We present a reproducible fast prototyping procedure based on micro-drilling to produce homogeneous tubular ultramicroelectrode arrays made from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT, a conductive polymer. Arrays of Ø 100 µm tubular electrodes each having a height of 0.37 ± 0.06 µm were reproducibly fabricated. The electrode dimensions were analyzed by SEM after deposition of silver dendrites to visualize the electroactive electrode area. The electrochemical applicability of the electrodes was demonstrated by voltammetric and amperometric detection of ferri-/ferrocyanide. Recorded signals were in agreement with results from finite element modelling of the system. The tubular PEDOT ultramicroelectrode arrays were modified by prussian blue to enable the detection of hydrogen peroxide. A linear sensor response was demonstrated for hydrogen peroxide concentrations from 0.1 mM to 1 mM.

  16. Tubular transport and metabolism of cimetidine in chicken kidneys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rennick, B.; Ziemniak, J.; Smith, I.; Taylor, M.; Acara, M.

    1984-01-01

    Renal tubular transport and renal metabolism of [ 14 C]cimetidine (CIM) were investigated by unilateral infusion into the renal portal circulation in chickens (Sperber technique). [ 14 C]CIM was actively transported at a rate 88% that of simultaneously infused p-aminohippuric acid, and its transport was saturable. The following organic cations competitively inhibited the tubular transport of [ 14 C]CIM with decreasing potency: CIM, ranitidine, thiamine, procainamide, guanidine and choline. CIM inhibited the transport of [ 14 C]thiamine, [ 14 C]amiloride and [ 14 C]tetraethylammonium. During CIM infusion, two renal metabolites, CIM sulfoxide and hydroxymethylcimetidine, were found in urine. When CIM sulfoxide was infused, its transport efficiency was 32% and not saturable. CIM sulfoxide did ot inhibit the simultaneous renal tubular transport of p-aminohippuric acid or tetraethylammonium. CIM is transported by the organic cation transport system and the kidney metabolizes CIM. Transport of CIM and other cationic drugs could produce a drug interaction to alter drug excretion

  17. Emergent patterns of collective cell migration under tubular confinement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xi, Wang; Sonam, Surabhi; Beng Saw, Thuan; Ladoux, Benoit; Teck Lim, Chwee

    2017-11-15

    Collective epithelial behaviors are essential for the development of lumens in organs. However, conventional assays of planar systems fail to replicate cell cohorts of tubular structures that advance in concerted ways on out-of-plane curved and confined surfaces, such as ductal elongation in vivo. Here, we mimic such coordinated tissue migration by forming lumens of epithelial cell sheets inside microtubes of 1-10 cell lengths in diameter. We show that these cell tubes reproduce the physiological apical-basal polarity, and have actin alignment, cell orientation, tissue organization, and migration modes that depend on the extent of tubular confinement and/or curvature. In contrast to flat constraint, the cell sheets in a highly constricted smaller microtube demonstrate slow motion with periodic relaxation, but fast overall movement in large microtubes. Altogether, our findings provide insights into the emerging migratory modes for epithelial migration and growth under tubular confinement, which are reminiscent of the in vivo scenario.

  18. HER-2 amplification in tubular carcinoma of the breast.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oakley, Gerard J; Tubbs, Raymond R; Crowe, Joseph; Sebek, Bruce; Budd, G Thomas; Patrick, Rebecca J; Procop, Gary W

    2006-07-01

    The prognostic and therapeutic implications of HER-2 gene amplification and estrogen and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer are well described. To address the relative paucity of information concerning HER-2 amplification for tubular carcinomas, we assessed the frequency of gene amplification in 55 tubular carcinomas of the breast from 54 patients, 5 of which had axillary node metastases. The HER-2 gene copy number was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for the majority of tumors analyzed, whereas estrogen and progesterone receptor status was achieved by immunohistochemical analysis. HER-2 gene amplification was not observed in any of the tumors examined, and most were estrogen receptor-positive. This HER-2 gene amplification frequency was significantly lower than the frequency of gene amplification previously reported for all invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (P < .01). HER-2 gene amplification likely occurs infrequently, or not at all, in tubular carcinomas of the breast, whereas most express estrogen receptors.

  19. Work tool in a tubular element

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Griffaton, J.

    1991-01-01

    The stand, which is positioned in relation with the tubular element, has clutch disengagement means for a working rod in rotation, with at least two positioning regions on the rod. Application for laser welding a sleeve into PWR steam generator tubes [fr

  20. ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA LITOLÓGICA E ESTRUTURAL A PARTIR DE MÉTODOS MORFOMÉTRICOS EM SEGMENTOS DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO CIMEIRA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JEQUITINHONHA, MG

    OpenAIRE

    Fabrício Antonio Lopes; Danielle Piuzana Mucida; Valdiney Amaral Leite; Alcione Rodrigues Milagres

    2016-01-01

    O estudo do padrão de drenagem da porção cimeira da bacia hidrográfica do Jequitinhonha foi realizado neste trabalho tendo como objetivos: a) Correlacionar as direções dos canais fluviais e respectivas ordens hierárquicas às estruturas geológicas regionais; b) Verificar o grau de influência dos aspectos litológicos e estruturais no padrão de drenagem da bacia e; c) Identificar estruturas que atuam como níveis de base locais em perfis longitudinais. Foram empregadas análises quantitativas de t...

  1. Estudo do comportamento e da resistencia das vigas mistas aço-concreto constituídas por perfis formados a frios e lajes pré-fabricadas

    OpenAIRE

    Luciano Augusto Figueiredo de Oliveira

    2001-01-01

    O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da pesquisa teórico-experimental, realizada no Laboratório de Análise Experimental de Estruturas, do Departamento Engenharia de Estruturas da Escola de Engenharia/UFMG, sobre o comportamento e a resistência de vigas mistas aço-concreto empregando-se perfis metálicos formados a frio e pré-lajes de concreto armado, visando sua aplicação nos sistemas construtivos para edificações residenciais de 04 pavimentos. Para possibilitar a aná...

  2. Renal Tubular Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus*

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    immune' diseases such as. Sjogren's syndrome,'" systemic lupus erythematosus. (SLE),3 alveolitis' and chronic active hepatitis.' The reported abnormalities of renal tubular function include impairment of acid excretion and urinary concentration.

  3. "Os quatro cavaleiros de um íntimo apocalipse" e suas biografias vicárias: Fernando Sabino, Otto Lara Resende, Hélio Pellegrino e Paulo Mendes Campos na escrita de perfis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Kvacek Betella

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Fernando Sabino, Otto Lara Resende, Hélio Pellegrino e Paulo Mendes Campos traçaram retratos de pessoas com as quais conviveram ao longo de suas vidas por meio de perfis concisos, seja na forma de elegias seja mesmo de necrológios. Embora esses textos sejam imprescindíveis para fundamentar o estilo de cada um dos escritores mineiros, eles também carregam a síntese de cada experiência pessoal, que é fundamental para a análise da crônica, gênero que o quarteto praticou e no qual podem ser enquadrados os perfis examinados neste ensaio.Fernando Sabino, Otto Lara Resende, Hélio Pellegrino and Paulo Mendes Campos wrote portraits of people with whom they were intimate along their lives by means of short profiles, either in the form of elegies or even of necrologies. Although these texts are necessary in order to set up the style of each one of these writers from Minas Gerais, they also carry the synthesis of each personal experience, which is fundamental for the analysis of the chronicle, a literary genre that the quartet of writers practiced and within which the profiles examined in this essay can be classified.

  4. Pointlike Inclusion Interactions in Tubular Membranes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Vahid Belarghou, A.; Idema, T.

    2016-01-01

    Membrane tubes and tubular networks are ubiquitous in living cells. Inclusions like proteins are vital for both the stability and the dynamics of such networks. These inclusions interact via the curvature deformations they impose on the membrane. We analytically study the resulting membrane

  5. Plastic deformation of tubular crystals by dislocation glide.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beller, Daniel A; Nelson, David R

    2016-09-01

    Tubular crystals, two-dimensional lattices wrapped into cylindrical topologies, arise in many contexts, including botany and biofilaments, and in physical systems such as carbon nanotubes. The geometrical principles of botanical phyllotaxis, describing the spiral packings on cylinders commonly found in nature, have found application in all these systems. Several recent studies have examined defects in tubular crystals associated with crystalline packings that must accommodate a fixed tube radius. Here we study the mechanics of tubular crystals with variable tube radius, with dislocations interposed between regions of different phyllotactic packings. Unbinding and separation of dislocation pairs with equal and opposite Burgers vectors allow the growth of one phyllotactic domain at the expense of another. In particular, glide separation of dislocations offers a low-energy mode for plastic deformations of solid tubes in response to external stresses, reconfiguring the lattice step by step. Through theory and simulation, we examine how the tube's radius and helicity affects, and is in turn altered by, the mechanics of dislocation glide. We also discuss how a sufficiently strong bending rigidity can alter or arrest the deformations of tubes with small radii.

  6. Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: Advantages and Limitations of Breast Tomosynthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filipa Vilaverde

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. We report a case of 42-year-old asymptomatic female with a histopathological proven multifocal tubular carcinoma, studied by mammography, Tomosynthesis, Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance. Herein, we discuss the advantages and limitations of Tomosynthesis, an emerging imaging technique, in this particular case.

  7. Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: Advantages and Limitations of Breast Tomosynthesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rocha, Ana; Reis, Alcinda

    2016-01-01

    Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. We report a case of 42-year-old asymptomatic female with a histopathological proven multifocal tubular carcinoma, studied by mammography, Tomosynthesis, Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance. Herein, we discuss the advantages and limitations of Tomosynthesis, an emerging imaging technique, in this particular case. PMID:28116205

  8. Freqüência de pólipos em doentes operados de câncer colorretal Frequency of adenomatous polyps after surgical resection of colorectal cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Pinho ROCHA

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução - Estudos epidemiológicos e gênicos mostram que os pólipos colônicos do tipo adenoma são lesões pré-neoplásicas. O seguimento de um paciente com câncer colorretal visa principalmente o diagnóstico e retirada de pólipos adenomatosos. Objetivo - Estudar a freqüência do aparecimento de pólipos adenomatosos em doentes com câncer colorretal em acompanhamento clínico após ressecção tumoral. Casuística e Métodos - Foi estudada, retrospectivamente, a freqüência de pólipos do tipo adenoma em 68 pacientes com idade média de 59 anos, submetidos a cirurgia curativa para tratamento de câncer colorretal e a colonoscopia de controle. Resultados - A incidência de pólipos adenomatosos foi de 18%, sendo maior acima de 45 anos (20% e no cólon esquerdo (38%. Em relação ao tipo histológico, 61% eram tubulares, 22% vilosos e 17% túbulo-vilosos. Discussão - Assim como em outros relatos da literatura, a incidência de pólipos foi superior em indivíduos com mais de 45 anos, sendo em mais da metade do tipo tubular. A freqüência de pólipos foi maior nos dois primeiros anos de acompanhamento.Introduction - Epidemiologic and molecular biologic studies have already demonstrated that adenomatous colonic polyps are precancerous diseases. The main indication of the colonoscopy in the surveillance of colorectal cancer treated patients is the diagnosis and resection of adenomatous polyps. Aim - To study the frequency of adenomatous polyps after surgically resection of colorectal cancer. Material and Methods - Sixty eight patients, mean age 59 years old, with total resection of colorectal cancer, submitted to various colonoscopies during the follow up were studied retrospectively. The histological type and the characteristics of the polyp were described. Results - The frequency of polyps was 18%, being higher in the patients with more than 45 years (20%. The site of the polyps was in the left colon in 38% of the patients with

  9. Power generation characteristics of tubular type SOFC by wet process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tajiri, H.; Nakayama, T. [Kyushu Electric Power Company, Inc., Fukuoka (Japan); Kuroishi, M. [TOTO Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan)] [and others

    1996-12-31

    The development of a practical solid oxide fuel cell requires improvement of a cell performance and a cell manufacturing technology suitable for the mass production. In particular tubular type SOFC is thought to be superior in its reliability because its configuration can avoid the high temperature sealing and reduce the thermal stress resulting from the contact between cells. The authors have fabricated a tubular cell with an air electrode support by a wet processing technique, which is suitable for mass production in improving a power density. To enhance the power output of the module, the Integrated Tubular-Type (ITT) cell has been developed. This paper reports the performance of the single cells with various active anode areas and the bundle with series-connected 9-ITT cells with an active anode area of 840 cm{sup 2}.

  10. RESISTÊNCIA DO SOLO EM CULTIVO DE TABACO COM DIFERENTES FORMAS DE MANEJO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO PARANÁ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valdemir Antoneli

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available O cultivo do tabaco é uma alternativa rentável para as pequenas propriedades da região Sudeste do Estado do Paraná, principalmente por ser cultivado em áreas impróprias para a agricultura (solos rasos e declividade acentuada. Nas áreas com restrições ao uso, o tabaco é cultivado sob plantio convencional e nas áreas mais planas utiliza-se o plantio direto. A variação na forma de plantio pode influenciar na resistência do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a influência do manejo do solo na resistência do solo em áreas de cultivo de tabaco com plantio convencional e plantio direto. Foram identificados 10 pontos para o monitoramento da resistência do solo em cada forma de plantio com coletas quinzenais entre setembro (início do plantio a fevereiro (término da colheita. Foi utilizado o método de perfis transversais entre as linhas de plantio. As mensurações foram realizadas com um penetrômetro de bolso. Ao término da pesquisa foi observado que as atividades diárias realizadas no cultivo do tabaco influenciam na resistência do solo, mesmo com formas diferentes de cultivo.

  11. Effect of section shape on frequencies of natural oscillations of tubular springs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pirogov, S. P.; Chuba, A. Yu; Cherentsov, D. A.

    2018-05-01

    The necessity of determining the frequencies of natural oscillations of manometric tubular springs is substantiated. Based on the mathematical model and computer program, numerical experiments were performed that allowed us to reveal the effect of geometric parameters on the frequencies of free oscillations of manometric tubular springs.

  12. Compressibility effects in packed and open tubular gas and supercritical fluid chromatography

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Janssen, J.G.M.; Snijders, H.M.J.; Cramers, C.A.; Schoenmakers, P.J.

    1992-01-01

    The influence of the pressure drop on the efficiency and speed of anal. in packed and open tubular supercrit. fluid chromatog. (SFC) is described: methods previously developed to describe the effects of mobile phase compressibility on the performance of open tubular columns in SFC have been extended

  13. Sobrevivência e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Salmonella sp. isoladas em um sistema de tratamento de dejetos de suínos Survival and resistance patterns of Salmonella sp. isolated in a pig slurry treatment plant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Verônica Schmidt

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available No presente estudo, foi avaliada a sobrevivência de Salmonella sp., presente em dejetos suínos, durante tratamento em um sistema de separação física e lagoas de estabilização ligadas em série. Nas amostras de Salmonella sp. isoladas foi determinado o perfil de resistência pelo método de difusão em ágar, usando 14 antimicrobianos. Das 20 coletas realizadas, foi possível isolar Salmonella sp. em 13 coletas no ponto correspondente ao início do sistema de tratamento e em apenas uma no ponto final do mesmo. Amostras de Salmonella sp. isoladas (161/163 pertenciam ao sorotipo Typhimurium e demonstraram resistência contra sulfonamida (100%, tetraciclina (99,4%, estreptomicina (90,1%, sulfa/trimetoprima (84,5%, ácido nalidíxico (77,6%, ampicilina (76,4%, cloranfenicol (29,2%, cefaclor (25,5%, tobramicina (13,7%, gentamicina (6,2%, amoxacilina/ácido clavulânico (5%, neomicina (5% e amicacina (3,7%. A maioria (94,5% das amostras isoladas foram resistente a 4 ou mais antimicrobianos e apresentaram grande variabilidade nos perfis de resistência. O nível de resistência e a variabilidade dos perfis mantiveram-se em nível semelhante ao longo do sistema.The survival of Salmonella sp. in pig slurry submitted to treatment in successive stabilization ponds on a pig-breeding farm was investigated. Furthermore, the isolated Salmonella strains were tested for their resistance against 14 antibiotics, using the agar diffusion method. Of a total of 20 samples taken from different points in the stabilization ponds system, 13 were positive for Salmonella sp. in the beginning and only one at the end of the system. Most of the isolated Salmonella strains (161/163 belonged to sorovar Typhimurium. These strains were resistant to sulfonamide (100%, tetracycline (9.4%, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprin (84.5%, ampicillin (76.4%, cloramphenicol (29.2%, streptomycin (90.1%, nalidixic acid (77.6%, tobramycin (13.7%, neomycin (5%, amikacin (3.7%, cefaclor (25

  14. Bioinspired coupled helical coils for soft tissue engineering of tubular structures - Improved mechanical behavior of tubular collagen type I templates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Janke, H P; Bohlin, J; Lomme, R M L M; Mihaila, S M; Hilborn, J; Feitz, W F J; Oosterwijk, E

    2017-09-01

    The design of constructs for tubular tissue engineering is challenging. Most biomaterials need to be reinforced with supporting structures such as knittings, meshes or electrospun material to comply with the mechanical demands of native tissues. In this study, coupled helical coils (CHCs) were manufactured to mimic collagen fiber orientation as found in nature. Monofilaments of different commercially available biodegradable polymers were wound and subsequently fused, resulting in right-handed and left-handed polymer helices fused together in joints where the filaments cross. CHCs of different polymer composition were tested to determine the tensile strength, strain recovery, hysteresis, compressive strength and degradation of CHCs of different composition. Subsequently, seamless and stable hybrid constructs consisting of PDSII® USP 2-0 CHCs embedded in porous collagen type I were produced. Compared to collagen alone, this hybrid showed superior strain recovery (93.5±0.9% vs 71.1±12.6% in longitudinal direction; 87.1±6.6% vs 57.2±4.6% in circumferential direction) and hysteresis (18.9±2.7% vs 51.1±12.0% in longitudinal direction; 11.5±4.6% vs 46.3±6.3% in circumferential direction). Furthermore, this hybrid construct showed an improved Young's modulus in both longitudinal (0.5±0.1MPavs 0.2±0.1MPa; 2.5-fold) and circumferential (1.65±0.07MPavs (2.9±0.3)×10 -2 MPa; 57-fold) direction, respectively, compared to templates created from collagen alone. Moreover, hybrid template characteristics could be modified by changing the CHC composition and CHCs were produced showing a mechanical behavior similar to the native ureter. CHC-enforced templates, which are easily tunable to meet different demands may be promising for tubular tissue engineering. Most tubular constructs lack sufficient strength and tunability to comply with the mechanical demands of native tissues. Therefore, we embedded coupled helical coils (CHCs) produced from biodegradable polymers - to

  15. Fabrication of cathode supported tubular solid oxide electrolysis cell for high temperature steam electrolysis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shao, Le; Wang, Shaorong; Qian, Jiqin; Xue, Yanjie; Liu, Renzhu

    2011-01-15

    In recent years, hydrogen has been identified as a potential alternative fuel and energy carrier for the future energy supply. Water electrolysis is one of the important hydrogen production technologies which do not emit carbon dioxide. High temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) consumes even less electrical energy than low temperature water electrolysis. Theoretically, HTSE using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) can efficiently utilize renewable energy to produce hydrogen, and it is also possible to operate the SOEC in reverse mode as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to produce electricity. Tubular SOFC have been widely investigated. In this study, tubular solid oxide cells were fabricated by dip-coating and cosintering techniques. In SOEC mode, results suggested that steam ratio had a strong impact on the performance of the tubular cell; the tubular SOEC preferred to be operated at high steam ratio in order to avoid concentration polarization. The microstructure of the tubular SOEC should therefore be optimized for high temperature steam electrolysis.

  16. Research on typical topologies of a tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhou Yiheng

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Magnetic levitation vibration isolators have attracted more and more attention in the field of high-precision measuring and machining equipment. In this paper, we describe a tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator. Four typical topologies of the tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator are proposed. The analytical expression of magnetic force is derived. The relationship between levitation force, force density, force ripple and major structural parameters are analysed by finite element method, which is conductive to the design and optimization of the tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator. The force characteristics of different topologies of the tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator are compared and evaluated from the aspect of force density, force ripple and manufacturability. In comparison with conventional passive magnetic levitation vibration isolators, the proposed tubular horizontal-gap passive magnetic levitation vibration isolator shows advantage in higher force density.

  17. AGRUPAMENTO DE FUNCIONÁRIOS BASEADO NO BIG FIVE MODEL EM UM PROJETO DE FRANQUIA DE ACADEMIAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michel Anzanello

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available O aumento da concorrência especificamente no setor de serviços faz com que as empresas procurem melhores práticas gerenciais. Nesse contexto, técnicas de clusterização vêm ganhando espaço para identificar ações que se adequem melhor aos perfis dos colaboradores. Além disso, técnicas da Psicologia Pessoal, especialmente a área de análise de personalidade tem ampla aplicação em estudos e empresas. O presente artigo aborda a clusterização por k-means e Fuzzy C-Means, avaliados através do Silhouette Index (SI, além da análise de componentes principais das amostras em uma loja de um projeto de franquia de academia. As amostras foram caracterizadas tanto por características sócio-demográficas e sua relação com a empresa, bem como seus escores nos testes de personalidade baseados no FFM. Os resultados indicam a formação dois grupos que se diferenciam especialmente em idade, tempo de empresa, salário e cargo, além de acompanhar os maiores escores no FFM. Os clusters formados foram analisados gerencialmente, possibilitando a proposição de ações para cada grupo.

  18. Filiação entre arenitos da formação Guará e sua cobertura pedológica no Rio Grande Do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgardo Ramos Medeiros

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available As regiões oeste e sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, destacam-se pela ocorrência de extensas áreas com solos frágeis desenvolvidos sobre sedimentos arenosos continentais do Mesozoico da Bacia do Paraná. O uso inadequado das terras tem acelerado o processo de arenização sobre essas áreas. Nesse caso, o conhecimento dos solos é fundamental para a seleção de práticas adequadas de manejo visando a sua sustentabilidade. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram entender a evolução e estabelecer a relação, em termos de filiação, entre a rocha e sua respectiva cobertura pedológica por meio de perfis desenvolvidos sobre os arenitos da Formação Guará no RS. Foram realizadas análises químicas, físicas, mineralógicas e morfológicas em dois perfis de Cambissolos Háplicos e um perfil de Argissolo Vermelho. Verificaram-se indícios de adição externa de materiais aos perfis estudados, principalmente ilmenita, oriunda da alteração de áreas com rochas vulcânicas básicas circunvizinhas. O aporte de material alóctone nos perfis estudados é responsável pela pedogênese de horizontes B com incremento de argila, característicos de Argissolos e Cambissolos. Os dados sugerem a identificação e interpretação de um sexto componente pedogenético definido como contexto geológico do entorno.

  19. Evolução geoquímica e mineralógica em perfis de alteração sobre rochas serpentinizadas no sudoeste de Minas Gerais Geochemical and mineralogical evolution in alteration profiles on serpentinized rocks in southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Vidal-Torrado

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Estudou-se a evolução geoquímica e mineralógica em três perfis distintos de alteração de rochas serpentinizadas que ocorrem nas imediações dos municípios de Alpinópolis e Fortaleza de Minas, no sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, sob regimes de umidade e de temperatura údico e térmico, respectivamente. Nas condições atuais, o grau de evolução química e mineralógica é moderado em relação ao desenvolvido sobre outros tipos de rochas básicas e ultrabásicas da mesma área, caracterizando-se por uma importante perda de Na e Mg e, em menor proporção, de Ca e Si. O Al (localmente também o Fe é o elemento menos móvel dos sistemas. O K é escasso no material de origem e nas zonas de alteração, e ocorre enriquecimento desse elemento nos horizontes superficiais por aporte externo. Os minerais primários mais facilmente intemperizáveis, como o talco, a tremolita e a clorita trioctaédrica, são abundantes ainda na fração argila desses solos tropicais com composição mineralógica pouco comum, mas são todos termodinamicamente instáveis. Do ponto de vista geoquímico, o processo de alteração atual pode ser definido como uma bissialitização, que pode coincidir com ferruginização, com formação de minerais trioctaédricos secundários por transformação direta de estrutura e também por neoformação, todos coexistindo com os minerais primários residuais. No entanto, as fases de maior evolução, em volumes com drenagem mais eficiente, tendem à monossialitização, com formação de caulinitas de diferentes graus de cristalinidade. A assembléia mineralógica existente evidencia a metaestabilidade e o caráter incipiente do sistema pedogenético.The geochemical and mineralogical evolution was studied in three different alteration profiles of ultramafic (serpentine rocks near Alpinópolis and Fortaleza de Minas, in southwestern Minas Gerais State (Brazil. Soil moisture and temperature regimes are udic and thermic

  20. On Energy Balance and Production Costs in Tubular and Flat Panel Photobioreactors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Norsker, N.H.; Barbosa, M.J.; Vermue, M.H.; Wijffels, R.H.

    2012-01-01

    Reducing mixing in both flat panel and tubular photobioreactors can result in a positive net energy balance with state-of-the-art technology and Dutch weather conditions. In the tubular photobioreactor, the net energy balance becomes positive at velocities <0.3 ms-1, at which point the biomass

  1. Hyperammonemia associated with distal renal tubular acidosis or urinary tract infection: a systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clericetti, Caterina M; Milani, Gregorio P; Lava, Sebastiano A G; Bianchetti, Mario G; Simonetti, Giacomo D; Giannini, Olivier

    2018-03-01

    Hyperammonemia usually results from an inborn error of metabolism or from an advanced liver disease. Individual case reports suggest that both distal renal tubular acidosis and urinary tract infection may also result in hyperammonemia. A systematic review of the literature on hyperammonemia secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis and urinary tract infection was conducted. We identified 39 reports on distal renal tubular acidosis or urinary tract infections in association with hyperammonemia published between 1980 and 2017. Hyperammonemia was detected in 13 children with distal renal tubular acidosis and in one adult patient with distal renal tubular acidosis secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. In these patients a negative relationship was observed between circulating ammonia and bicarbonate levels (P urinary tract infection was complicated by acute hyperammonemia and symptoms and signs of acute neuronal dysfunction, such as an altered level of consciousness, convulsions and asterixis, often associated with signs of brain edema, such as anorexia and vomiting. Urea-splitting bacteria were isolated in 28 of the 31 cases. The urinary tract was anatomically or functionally abnormal in 30 of these patients. This study reveals that both altered distal renal tubular acidification and urinary tract infection may be associated with relevant hyperammonemia in both children and adults.

  2. Ground Vibration Isolation of Multiple Scattering by Using Rows of Tubular Piles as Barriers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miao-miao Sun

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available A new formal solution for the multiple scattering of plane harmonic waves by a group of arbitrary configuration tubular piles in an elastic total space is derived. Each order of scattering satisfies prescribed boundary conditions at the interface of tubular piles, which is delivered as the sum of incident and scattering waves. The first order performs the scattering wave by each scattered pile and the subsequent orders resulted from the excitation of each pile of first order of scattering from the remaining tubular piles. Advanced scattering orders can be regarded as the same manners. Several series of scattering coefficients are figured out with the aids of addition theorem so that the exact steady-state solution for the scattered displacement and stress is obtained. Particularly, when internal diameter of tubular piles tends to be infinitely small, it degenerates to a solid pile problem. By imposing the normalized displacement amplitudes and transmissibility indices, the influences of specific parameters such as scattering orders, internal and external diameter ratio of piles, pile material rigidity, position and distances between tubular pile and pile rows, and pile numbers are discussed. Certain recommended conclusions have been drawn as the guidelines of practical engineering design for discontinuous barrier of tubular piles.

  3. A Tubular Biomaterial Construct Exhibiting a Negative Poisson's Ratio.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jin Woo Lee

    Full Text Available Developing functional small-diameter vascular grafts is an important objective in tissue engineering research. In this study, we address the problem of compliance mismatch by designing and developing a 3D tubular construct that has a negative Poisson's ratio νxy (NPR. NPR constructs have the unique ability to expand transversely when pulled axially, thereby resulting in a highly-compliant tubular construct. In this work, we used projection stereolithography to 3D-print a planar NPR sheet composed of photosensitive poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate biomaterial. We used a step-lithography exposure and a stitch process to scale up the projection printing process, and used the cut-missing rib unit design to develop a centimeter-scale NPR sheet, which was rolled up to form a tubular construct. The constructs had Poisson's ratios of -0.6 ≤ νxy ≤ -0.1. The NPR construct also supports higher cellular adhesion than does the construct that has positive νxy. Our NPR design offers a significant advance in the development of highly-compliant vascular grafts.

  4. Estudo de liberação in vitro do filtro solar p-metoxicinamato de octila incluso em lipossoma e β-ciclodextrina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. P. SANTOS

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a liberação do p-metoxicinamato de octila (MCO a partir de três formulações em gel. A primeira contendo o MCO livre, a segunda contendo o MCO incluso em β-ciclodextrina (β-CD/MCO e a terceira contendo o MCO incluso em lipossoma (lipossoma/MCO. O estudo de liberação foi realizado em células de difusão do tipo Franz usando membrana artifi cial de acetato de celulose. A concentração de MCO liberada foi determinada por cromatografi a líquida de alta efi ciência (CLAE. Os perfi s de liberação in vitro mostraram que a inclusão do MCO nesses sistemas de liberação reduziu a liberação do MCO para a solução receptora comparando com a formulação de MCO livre. Entre as formulações de β-CD/MCO e lipossoma/MCO, a que liberou menor concentração de MCO para a solução receptora foi a formulação de lipossoma/MCO, mostrando os melhores resultados. Palavras-chave: p-metoxicinamato de octila; lipossoma; ciclodextrina; célula de Franz; liberação in vitro.

  5. Undulating tubular liposomes through incorporation of a synthetic skin ceramide into phospholipid bilayers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Peng; Tan, Grace; Zhou, Jia; He, Jibao; Lawson, Louise B; McPherson, Gary L; John, Vijay T

    2009-09-15

    Nonspherical liposomes were prepared by doping L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (PC) with ceramide VI (a skin lipid). Cryo-transmission electron microscopy shows the liposome shape changing from spherical to an undulating tubular morphology, when the amount of ceramide VI is increased. The formation of tubular liposomes is energetically favorable and is attributed to the association of ceramide VI with PC creating regions of lower curvature. Since ceramides are the major component of skin lipids in the stratum corneum, tubular liposomes containing ceramide may potentially serve as self-enhanced nanocarriers for transdermal delivery.

  6. Tumor-promoting phorbol esters effect alkalinization of canine renal proximal tubular cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mellas, J.; Hammerman, M.R.

    1986-01-01

    We have demonstrated the presence of specific receptors for tumor-promoting phorbol esters in the plasma membrane of the canine renal proximal tubular cell. These compounds affect proximal tubular metabolism in vitro. For example, we have shown that they inhibit gluconeogenesis in canine renal proximal tubular segments. Tumor-promoting phorbol esters have been shown to effect alkalinization of non-renal cells, by enhancing Na + -H + exchange across the plasma membrane. To determine whether the actions of tumor-promoting phorbol esters in proximal tubular segments might be mediated by a similar process, we incubated suspensions of segments from dog kidney with these compounds and measured changes in intracellular pH using [ 14 C]-5,5-dimethoxazoladine-2-4-dione (DMO) and flow dialysis. Incubation of segments with phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate, but not inactive phorbol ester, 4 γ phorbol, effected alkalinization of cells within the segments in a concentration-dependent manner. Alkalinization was dependent upon the presence of extracellular [Na + ] > intracellular [Na + ], was prevented by amiloride and was demonstrable in the presence of SITS. Our findings suggest that tumor-promoting esters stimulate the Na + -H + exchanger known to be present in the brush border membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell. It is possible that the stimulation reflects a mechanism by which phorbol esters affect metabolic processes in these cells

  7. Hypokalaemia and Renal Tubular Acidosis due to Abuse of Nurofen Plus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. J. Blackstock

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Nurofen Plus is a common analgesic containing ibuprofen and codeine. We present a case of a 38-year-old lady who developed renal tubular acidosis with severe hypokalaemia, after chronic abuse of Nurofen Plus tablets. She presented with confusion and profound biochemical abnormalities requiring critical care admission for electrolyte replacement. Ibuprofen causes renal tubular acidosis due to its effects on carbonic anhydrase activity.

  8. Distribuição e formas de ocorrência de zinco em solos no município de Vazante - MG Distribution and forms of zinc in soils from Vazante, state of Minas Gerais (Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meubles Borges Júnior

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available A contaminação de solos é um problema atual que requer investigação detalhada no sentido de estabelecer critérios para a distinção entre anomalias naturais e contribuição antrópica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição e as formas de ocorrência de Zn para identificar a origem de valores anômalos em solos adjacentes a áreas de mineração no município de Vazante-MG. Foram coletadas amostras de perfis de solos em remanescentes sobre a área minerada e em posições a jusante e a montante desta, nas camadas de 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-100, e 100-150 cm. Um estudo de extração seqüencial avaliou os teores de Zn nas formas: (a solúvel; (b trocável; (c associada a carbonatos; (d associada a óxidos amorfos; (e associada a óxidos cristalinos; (f associada à matéria orgânica; (g residual; e (h total. Verificou-se que os teores de Zn, de modo geral, são mais elevados nas áreas localizadas sobre a zona de mineralização, com solos mais jovens (Cambissolos e Neossolos, em relação aos solos mais intemperizados (Latossolos e Argissolos, localizados tanto a montante quanto a jusante da área minerada. Os teores totais foram muito altos. Mesmo considerando apenas as formas solúvel e trocável, mais lábeis, em alguns perfis os valores foram superiores aos teores totais encontrados naturalmente em solos. Verificou-se um padrão decrescente dos teores com a profundidade nos perfis localizados fora da área minerada. Por outro lado, os teores de Zn aumentaram com a profundidade em um Cambissolo localizado na área minerada. Não houve diferença significativa entre os teores de Zn das áreas a montante e a jusante em todas as formas químicas avaliadas, sugerindo que não se pode presumir efeito antrópico na dispersão do Zn em áreas adjacentes à zona de mineralização.Soil contamination is nowadays a problem that requires detailed investigation in order to set up criteria for distinction

  9. Agregação de um planossolo sistematizado há um ano e sob cultivo de arroz irrigado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reichert José Miguel

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available A sistematização do solo altera a variação horizontal e a vertical das propriedades do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das propriedades físicas e químicas do solo sobre o seu grau de agregação e verificar a semelhança de características relacionadas à agregação de horizontes do solo original e sistematizado (áreas de corte e aterro. Para a quantificação das propriedades intrínsecas e do grau de agregação, amostras com estrutura alterada e preservada foram coletadas em dois perfis com características originais e em dois perfis localizados em áreas sistematizadas de um Planossolo hidromórfico eutrófico típico, perfazendo um total de seis perfis analisados. Verificou-se que a agregação do solo sistematizado (áreas de corte e aterro foi, em geral, similar à dos horizontes E e B do perfil original do solo. A argila, os óxidos de ferro, alumínio e manganês, além do magnésio e do alumínio trocáveis, foram os principais componentes que se correlacionaram com a agregação do solo. Pela análise de regressão múltipla, verificou-se que houve relação positiva da agregação do solo com a argila e com os óxidos de ferro e de alumínio cristalinos e de baixa cristalinidade.

  10. Stability of Citrus tristeza virus protective isolates in field conditions Estabilidade de isolados protetores contra Citrus tristeza virus em condições de campo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alessandra Tenório Costa

    2010-07-01

    ção em cadeia da polimerase (RTPCR. Os perfis eletroforéticos dos produtos da RTPCR foram analisados com emprego do coeficiente de Jaccard e do método UPGMA. A maioria dos clones apresentou sintomas fracos a moderados de caneluras, bem como alterações nos perfis dos isolados de CTV. Contudo, a estabilidade dos complexos protetores foi mantida, com exceção dos isolados presentes em dois dos clones analisados. Foi observada baixa variabilidade genética nos isolados durante os anos avaliados.

  11. Análise do perfil facial esquelético e de tecidos moles pré e pós-cirurgia ortognática em pacientes Classe II e III, e sua relação com a proporção áurea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leticia Ângelo WALEWSKI

    Full Text Available Resumo Introdução A proporção áurea, representada pela razão matemática 1:1.618, tem sido investigada na especialidade Ortodontia e no procedimento de Cirurgia Ortognática, a fim de ser estabelecida como um guia de sucesso clínico relacionado à estética facial. Objetivo Verificar a estética dos perfis faciais de pacientes Classes II e III de Angle, antes e após tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico, além de correlacionar 13 razões dentoesqueléticas e cinco razões de tecidos moles à proporção áurea. Material e método Um total de 94 radiografias cefalométricas laterais foram analisadas, em que 13 razões dentoesqueléticas e cinco razões em tecidos moles foram medidas e comparadas ao número áureo. Adicionalmente, uma análise subjetiva da estética facial pré e pós-tratamento foi realizada por 270 examinadores. Resultado As razões dentoesqueléticas 1, 3, 6, 7, 8 e 9 aproximaram-se do número áureo após a cirurgia ortognática, nos pacientes Classe III. Para o perfil mole, apenas a razão 4 se aproximou ao número áureo, em ambos os pacientes Classe II e III. Em relação à avaliação subjetiva da estética, 91,49% dos perfis faciais foram considerados mais harmônicos após o tratamento. Conclusão Frente à metodologia usada, pode-se concluir que a proporção áurea exerce pouca influência na avaliação da estética facial, não servindo como um guia para o planejamento e o tratamento ortodôntico-ortognático.

  12. Fatores associados ao risco para doenças não transmissíveis em adultos brasileiros: estudo transversal de base populacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Letícia Casado Costa

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available No Brasil, devido às mudanças nos perfis demográfico, epidemiológico e nutricional da população, as doenças infecciosas vêm cedendo lugar às crônicodegenerativas. Em face da grande heterogeneidade demográfica, social e econômica do país, são exigidas ações de saúde pública que sejam direcionadas às realidades locais. Com o objetivo de identificar os fatores associados ao risco para doenças não transmissíveis em adultos brasileiros, foi realizado um inquérito domiciliar, entre junho de 2002 e outubro de 2005, em amostra representativa de 18 capitais brasileiras. As prevalências dos fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram: excesso de peso; atividade física irregular ou sedentarismo;consumo de cigarros; consumo de álcool de risco; hipertensão arterial referida; diabetes referida; e hipercolesterolemia referida. A ausência de fatores de risco foi observada em apenas 8,5% da população entrevistada. Conclui-se que a alta prevalência de exposição a pelo menos um dos fatores de risco estudados evidencia que as ações em saúde devem ser multifatoriais e não dirigidas somente a um fator isolado.

  13. Testing of tubular goods - a critical review of past and actual testing procedures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Teodoriu, C. [Texas A and M Univ., Houston, TX (United States); Holzmann, J.; Klaws, M. [TU Clausthal (Germany). Inst. fuer Erdoel- und Erdgastechnik

    2007-09-13

    Testing of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) is based on standards and offers the user a comparison platform between products of different manufacturers. But, do the standard based testing procedures assume the real loads on OCTG? More likely, the existing standards or recommendations on tubular testing have been evolving together with the new demands on OCTG loading. Since nowadays the oil and gas industry is looking to develop extreme reservoir types (deep water, HP/HT), there is a need of a better understanding and continuous improvement of testing procedures. The following poster proposes an analysis of existing procedures to test tubular goods and then will focus on the future demands on OCTG testing. New loads, as casing fatigue, will be discussed and analyzed based on the authors experience gained during more than 8 years of testing tubular goods at the Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Petroleum Engineering. (orig.)

  14. Variação sazonal na morfologia dos ductos eferentes distais em codorna doméstica mantida em cativeiro experimental Morphologic seasonal variability on the distal efferent ducts of domestic quail under experimental captive breeding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Marcos Orsi

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Neste estudo diferenças expressivas foram observadas na estrutura dos ductos eferentes distais (DED de codorna doméstica Coturnix coturnix, da variedade italiana, mantida em cativeiro experimental durante dois anos, durante as quatro estações do ano. A variabilidade morfológica dos DED foi mais marcante na primavera e no outono, eqüivalendo às fases ativa e quiescente do ciclo reprodutivo anual (ciclo testicular nesta ave. Nessas fases do ciclo, diferenças significativas foram observadas na ultraestrutura das células principais (P e ciliadas (C do epitélio de revestimento tubular e nos calibres tubulares. Estes tiveram valores médios maiores na primavera, com valores similares no verão e no inverno, e valores médios menores observados no outono. Na primavera, no citoplasma apical de células P, notou-se maior complexidade organelar, inferindo-se a ocorrência de processos endocitóticos ativos. A quiescência outonal caracterizou-se por redução do calibre tubular dos DED, luz tubular vazia de espermatozóides, degenerações de organelas citoplasmáticas e "debridamentos" citoplasmáticos apicais em células P e C. No inverno e verão, correspondentes às fases recrudescente e regressiva, respectivamente, do ciclo testicular nesta espécie, os dados obtidos foram, de modo geral, similares aos observados na primavera.Some expressive differences were noted on the distal efferent ducts (DED morphology in domestic quail of the Italian variety along the year. The birds were maintained on experimental captive breeding along two consecutive years, before the morphologic studies. Morphologic differences on the DED had been more evident in spring and autumn respectively, the active and quiescent phases of the annual testis cycle. Variability more expressive was noted among the principal (P and ciliated (C epithelial cells and in tubular diameters of DED, during the two focused seasons. Spring features of DED were marked by relative

  15. Effect of corrosion on the buckling capacity of tubular members

    Science.gov (United States)

    Øyasæter, F. H.; Aeran, A.; Siriwardane, S. C.; Mikkelsen, O.

    2017-12-01

    Offshore installations are subjected to harsh marine environment and often have damages from corrosion. Several experimental and numerical studies were performed in the past to estimate buckling capacity of corroded tubular members. However, these studies were either based on limited experimental tests or numerical analyses of few cases resulting in semi-empirical relations. Also, there are no guidelines and recommendations in the currently available design standards. To fulfil this research gap, a new formula is proposed to estimate the residual strength of tubular members considering corrosion and initial geometrical imperfections. The proposed formula is verified with results from finite element analyses performed on several members and for varying corrosion patch parameters. The members are selected to represent the most relevant Eurocode buckling curve for tubular members. It is concluded that corrosion reduces the buckling capacity significantly and the proposed formula can be easily applied by practicing engineers without performing detailed numerical analyses.

  16. Dynamics of catalytic tubular microjet engines: dependence on geometry and chemical environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jinxing; Huang, Gaoshan; Ye, Mengmeng; Li, Menglin; Liu, Ran; Mei, Yongfeng

    2011-12-01

    Strain-engineered tubular microjet engines with various geometric dimensions hold interesting autonomous motions in an aqueous fuel solution when propelled by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. The catalytically-generated oxygen bubbles expelled from microtubular cavities propel the microjet step by step in discrete increments. We focus on the dynamics of our tubular microjets in one step and build up a body deformation model to elucidate the interaction between tubular microjets and the bubbles they produce. The average microjet velocity is calculated analytically based on our model and the obtained results demonstrate that the velocity of the microjet increases linearly with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The geometric dimensions of the microjet, such as length and radius, also influence its dynamic characteristics significantly. A close consistency between experimental and calculated results is achieved despite a small deviation due to the existence of an approximation in the model. The results presented in this work improve our understanding regarding catalytic motions of tubular microjets and demonstrate the controllability of the microjet which may have potential applications in drug delivery and biology.

  17. Tubular permanent magnet actuators: cogging forces characterization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Paulides, J.J.H.; Janssen, J.L.G.; Encica, L.; Lomonova, E.A.

    2009-01-01

    Tubular permanent magnet actuators are evermore used in demanding industrial and automotive applications. However, these actuators can suffer from large cogging forces, which have a destabilizing effect on the servo control system and compromise position and speed control accuracy. This paper

  18. EVOLUÇÃO DO RELEVO EM ÁREAS DE TRÍPLICE DIVISOR DE ÁGUAS REGIONAL - O CASO DO PLANALTO DE SANTA CATARINA: ANÁLISE DA REDE HIDROGRÁFICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Vinicius de Sordi

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available No Planalto interior de Santa Catarina se localiza o tríplice divisor hidrográfico entre as três principais bacias hidrográficas da região sul do Brasil: Uruguai, Paraná (Iguaçu e Itajaí. Considerando-se que a evolução do relevo em áreas de tríplice divisor regional está intimamente relacionada a dinâmica erosiva dos cursos fluviais, o presente trabalho investiga a importância dos processos de dissecação do relevo e de capturas fluviais para a configuração do relevo dessa região. Para tanto, foram aplicadas técnicas morfométricas (relação declividade-extensão (RDE, perfis topográficos longitudinais e morfológicas (análises de fotografias aéreas e dados de radar SRTM, na área do tríplice divisor Itajaí/Paraná (Iguaçu/Uruguai no Planalto de Santa Catarina. Os resultados permitiram estabelecer uma hierarquização do grau de dissecação: (i áreas pertencentes à bacia hidrográfica do rio Itajaí são as mais dissecadas, com maior amplitude altimétrica, maior densidade de drenagem e nível de base mais baixo; os perfis são mais íngremes e os valores de RDE elevados; (ii porções menos dissecadas, de baixa amplitude altimétrica e densidade drenagem e nível de base mais elevado pertencem bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraná (Iguaçu; os perfis topográficos são mais suaves e os valores de RDE mais baixos e (iii áreas pertencentes à bacia hidrográfica do rio Uruguai, apresentam níveis de dissecação, amplitude altimétrica e densidade de drenagem intermediários, assim como seus perfis e os valores de RDE. Deste modo, o principal processo de evolução do relevo regional é a erosão diferencial entre as bacias hidrográficas que, graças a erosão remontante dos afluentes do rio Itajaí, rebaixam todo o relevo e capturam áreas pertencentes às bacias hidrográficas interiores – do rio Paraná e rio Uruguai – que também capturam áreas entre si.

  19. Facile Fabrication of Uniform Polyaniline Nanotubes with Tubular Aluminosilicates as Templates

    OpenAIRE

    Zhang, Long; Liu, Peng

    2008-01-01

    AbstractThe uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes, with inner diameter, outer diameter, and tubular thickness of 40, 60, and 10 nm, respectively, were prepared successfully by using natural tubular aluminosilicates as templates. The halloysite nanotubes were coated with PANI via the in situ chemical oxidation polymerization. Then the templates were etched with HCl/HF solution. The PANI nanotubes were characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The conduct...

  20. Involvement of caspase-12-dependent apoptotic pathway in ionic radiocontrast urografin-induced renal tubular cell injury

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu, Cheng Tien [Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Weng, Te I. [Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Chen, Li Ping [Department of Dentistry, Chang Gang Memorial Hospital, Chang Gang University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Chiang, Chih Kang [Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Liu, Shing Hwa, E-mail: shinghwaliu@ntu.edu.tw [Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (China); Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (China)

    2013-01-01

    Contrast medium (CM) induces a direct toxic effect on renal tubular cells. This toxic effect subjects in the disorder of CM-induced nephropathy. Our previous work has demonstrated that CM shows to activate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related adaptive unfolding protein response (UPR) activators. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-related pathways play a protective role during the urografin (an ionic CM)-induced renal tubular injury. However, the involvement of ER stress-related apoptotic signals in the urografin-induced renal tubular cell injury remains unclear. Here, we examined by the in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore whether ER stress-regulated pro-apoptotic activators participate in urografin-induced renal injury. Urografin induced renal tubular dilation, tubular cells detachment, and necrosis in the kidneys of rats. The tubular apoptosis, ER stress-related pro-apoptotic transcriptional factors, and kidney injury marker-1 (kim-1) were also conspicuously up-regulated in urografin-treated rats. Furthermore, treatment of normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E tubular cells with urografin augmented the expressions of activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Bax, caspase-12, JNK, and inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1 signals. Urografin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis was not reversed by the inhibitors of ATF-6, JNK signals or CHOP siRNA transfection, but it could be partially reversed by the inhibitor of caspase-12. Taken together, the present results and our previous findings suggest that exposure of CM/urografin activates the ER stress-regulated survival- and apoptosis-related signaling pathways in renal tubular cells. Caspase-12-dependent apoptotic pathway may be partially involved in the urografin-induced nephropathy. -- Highlights: ► Ionic contrast medium-urografin induces renal tubular cell apoptosis. ► Urografin induces the ER stress-regulated survival and apoptosis

  1. Tubular and endothelial chimerism in renal allografts using fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization (FISH, CISH) technology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Varga, Zsuzsanna; Gaspert, Ariana; Behnke, Silvia; von Teichman, Adriana; Fritzsche, Florian; Fehr, Thomas

    2012-04-01

    The role of endothelial and tubular chimerism in renal allograft adaptation and rejection varies in different studies. We addressed the correlation between different clinico-pathological settings and sex-chromosomal endothelial and/or tubular chimerism in renal allografts. We examined the presence or absence of the X and Y chromosomes by fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization (FISH, CISH) methodology on paraffin embedded kidney biopsies in 16 gender mismatched renal transplants (1 to 12 years post-transplantation). Twelve patients were male, four female. Four groups were selected: (i) Vascular calcineurin inhibitor toxicity without rejection; (ii) T-cell mediated vascular rejection; (iii) antibody mediated rejection; and (iv) C4d-positivity in AB0-incompatible transplants with or without rejection. Twelve non-transplant kidney biopsies (8 female, 4 male) were used as controls. Tubular chimerism was detected more frequently (69%) than endothelial chimerism (12%) in renal transplants. One of 12 control patients had tubular and endothelial chimeric cells (8%). The Y chromosome occurred in 8/12 male recipients (67%) in tubular epithelial cells and in 5/12 male recipients (42%) in endothelial cells. Double X chromosomes were detected in 3/4 female recipients in tubular epithelium. Tubular chimerism occurred more often with endothelial chimerism and capillaritis without correlation with other parameters, such as rejection. Combined Y chromosomal tubular and lymphatic endothelial chimerism correlated with T-cell mediated vascular rejection in two out of three patients (66%). Combined Y chromosomal tubular and peritubular capillary chimerism correlated with antibody mediated C4d+ rejection in one out of two patients (50%). Tubular and/or endothelial chimerism occur frequently in gender mismatched renal allografts and, when combined, this is associated with T-cell mediated rejection. © 2012 The Authors. Pathology International © 2012 Japanese Society of

  2. Mediações no YouTube e o caso ‘Ocupação do Complexo do Alemão’: características e dinâmica de uso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sivaldo Pereira da Silva

    Full Text Available ResumoO trabalho analisa as postagens de vídeos no YouTube relacionados a ocupação do Complexo do Alemão na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em 2010. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as principais características da apropriação que usuários fizeram do YouTube tomando como estudo este evento de grande visibilidade pública. O método utilizado consistiu em cruzamentos de informações dispostas nos vídeos e perfis dos usuários balanceando análises quantitativas e qualitativas. Os resultados demonstraram que há predominância de conteúdo jornalístico replicado pelos perfis online, coincidindo com padrões de audiência de emissoras de TV fora da internet. Visualização e interatividade se apresentam como variáveis relacionadas. Detectou-se também uma significativa concentração de postagens por um grupo pequeno de usuários em relação ao total dos vídeos veiculados.

  3. Large tubular colonic duplication in an adult treated with a small midline incision

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yong, Yuen Geng; Jung, Kyung Uk; Cho, Yong Beom; Yun, Seong Hyeon; Kim, Hee Cheol; Lee, Woo Yong

    2012-01-01

    Tubular colonic duplication presenting in adults is rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 29-year-old lady presenting with a long history of chronic constipation, abdominal mass and repeated episodes of abdominal pain. The abdominal-pelvic computed tomography scan showed segmental bowel wall thickening thought to be small bowel, and dilatation with stasis of intraluminal content. The provisional diagnosis was small bowel duplication. She was scheduled for single port laparoscopic resection. However, a T-shaped tubular colonic duplication at sigmoid colon was found intraoperatively. Resection of the large T-shaped tubular colonic duplication containing multiple impacted large fecaloma and primary anastomosis was performed. There was no perioperative complication. We report, herein, the case of a T-shaped tubular colonic duplication at sigmoid colon in an adult who was successfully treated through mini-laparotomy assisted by single port laparoscopic surgery. PMID:22403754

  4. High-temperature, high-pressure bonding of nested tubular metallic components

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quinby, T.C.

    1980-01-01

    This invention is a tool for effecting high-temperature, high compression bonding between the confronting faces of nested, tubular, metallic components. In a typical application, the tool is used to produce tubular target assemblies for irradiation in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators, the target assembly comprising a uranium foil and an aluminum-alloy substrate. The tool preferably is composed throughout of graphite. It comprises a tubular restraining member in which a mechanically expandable tubular core is mounted to form an annulus with the member. The components to be bonded are mounted in nested relation in the annulus. The expandable core is formed of individually movable, axially elongated segments whose outer faces cooperatively define a cylindrical pressing surface and whose inner faces cooperatively define two opposed, inwardly tapered, axial bores. Tapered rams extend respectively into the bores. The loaded tool is mounted in a conventional hot-press provided with evacuation means, heaters for maintaining its interior at bonding temperature, and hydraulic cylinders for maintaining a selected inwardly directed pressure on the tapered rams. With the hotpress evacuated and the loaded tool at the desired temperature, the cylinders are actuated to apply the selected pressure to the rams. The rams in turn expand the segmented core to maintain the nested components in compression against the restraining member. These conditions are maintained until the confronting faces of the nested components are joined in a continuous, uniform bond characterized by high thermal conductivity

  5. Importance of early audiologic assessment in distal renal tubular acidosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Norgett

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Anand P Swayamprakasam1, Elizabeth Stover1, Elizabeth Norgett1, Katherine G Blake-Palmer1, Michael J Cunningham2, Fiona E Karet11Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK; 2Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USAAbstract: Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis is usually a severe disease of childhood, often presenting as failure to thrive in infancy. It is often, but not always, accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss, the clinical severity and age of onset of which may be different from the other clinical features. Mutations in either ATP6V1B1 or ATP6V0A4 are the chief causes of primary distal renal tubular acidosis with or without hearing loss, although the loss is often milder in the latter. We describe a kindred with compound heterozygous alterations in ATP6V0A4, where hearing loss was formally diagnosed late in both siblings such that they missed early opportunities for hearing support. This kindred highlights the importance of routine audiologic assessments of all children with distal renal tubular acidosis, irrespective either of age at diagnosis or of which gene is mutated. In addition, when diagnostic genetic testing is undertaken, both genes should be screened irrespective of current hearing status. A strategy for this is outlined.Keywords: sensorineural hearing loss, renal tubular acidosis, recessive, genetics, mutation

  6. High-temperature, high-pressure bonding of nested tubular metallic components

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quinby, T.C.

    A tool is described for effecting high-temperature, high-compression bonding between the confronting faces of nested, tubular, metallic components. In a typical application, the tool is used to produce tubular target assemblies for irradiation in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators. The target assembly comprising a uranum foil and an aluninum-alloy substrate. The tool is composed of graphite. It comprises a tubular restraining member in which a mechanically expandable tubular core is mounted to form an annulus. The components to be bonded are mounted in nested relation in the annulus. The expandable core is formed of individually movable, axially elongated segments whose outer faces cooperatively define a cylindrical pressing surface and whose inner faces cooperatively define two opposed, inwardly tapered, axial bores. Tapered rams extend into the bores. The loaded tool is mounted in a conventional hot-press provided with evacuation means, heaters for maintaining its interior at bonding temperature, and hydraulic cylinders for maintaining a selected inwardly directed pressure on the tapered rams. With the hot-press evacuated and the loaded tool at the desired temperature, the cylinders are actuated to apply the selected pressure to the rams. The rams in turn expand the segmented core to maintain the nested components in compression against the restraining member. These conditions are maintained until the confronting faces of the nested components are joined in a continuous, uniform bond characterized by high thermal conductivity.

  7. Gradiente fitofisionômico-edáfico em formações florestais de Restinga no sudeste do Brasil Phytophysiognomic-edaphic gradient of forest formations in restinga areas of southeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Fernando Silva Magnago

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as variações fitofisionômicas em quatro formações florestais, em relação aos gradientes de inundação e características pedológicas. O estudo foi no Parque Natural Municipal de Jacarenema, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. Quatro perfis de solo com profundidades variadas foram abertos, onde uma amostra foi coletada em cada horizonte existente por perfil. Para acompanhamento da flutuação do lençol freático, foram instalados piezômetros, em profundidade de 2 m em cada fitofisionomia. O reconhecimento e delimitação das unidades vegetacionais seguiu os critérios fisionômicos, ecológicos e aspectos florísticos apresentados pelas diferentes formações, sendo as características vegetacionais de cada fitocenose expressas por perfis ilustrativos. Nas fisionomias estudadas, foram identificadas quatro classes de solos distintas, sendo Organossolos Tiomórficos Sápricos solódicos muito mal drenados sob a Floresta Inundada, Gleissolos Tiomórficos Húmicos solódicos mal drenados sob a Floresta Inundável, Espodossolos Humilúvicos Hidromórficos dúricos moderadamente a imperfeitamente drenado sob a Floresta Não Inundável de Transição e Neossolos Quartzarênicos Órticos espódicos excessivamente drenados sob Floresta Não Inundável. Os resultados mostram a existência de respostas vegetacionais das florestas em virtude das variáveis edáficas.This research aimed to evaluate the phytophysiognomic variations in four forest formations related to flood gradient and edaphic characteristics. The study was carried out at the Jacarenema Nautral Municipal Park, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. We made four soil profiles varying in depth, and collected one sample from each horizon per profile. Piezometers were set up at 2m depth in each phytophysiognomy to record groundwater variance. Recognition and delimitation of the vegetation units followed the phytophysiognomic, ecological and

  8. Tubular closure mechanism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalen, D.D.; Mitchem, J.W.

    1982-01-01

    This invention relates to a closure mechanism for tubular irradiation surveillance specimen assembly holder used in nuclear reactors. The closure mechanism is composed of a latching member which includes a generally circular chamber with a plurality of elongated latches depending therefrom. The latching member circumscribes part of an actuator member which is disposed within the latching member so as to be axially movable. The axial movement of the actuator actuates positioning of the latches between positions in which the latches are locked and secured within the actuator member. Means, capable of being remotely manipulated, are provided to move the actuator in order to position the latches and load the articles within the tube

  9. PERFIL TÉRMICO NOTURNO DE CIDADE PEQUENA DO AMBIENTE TROPICAL EM EPISÓDIOS DE INVERNO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle Cardozo Frasca Teixeira

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o perfil térmico noturno de Rancharia, cidade de pequeno porte localizada no oeste do estado de São Paulo. O Sistema Clima Urbano foi o embasamento teórico-metodológico norteador da pesquisa, com ênfase no subsistema termodinâmico. Dentre outros produtos, este subsistema busca diagnosticar as ilhas de calor urbanas. A aquisição dos registros de temperatura ocorreu por meio da realização de transectos móveis (medidas itinerantes e pontos fixos coletados simultaneamente em cinco episódios de inverno às 21 horas. O tratamento dos dados foi direcionado à elaboração de cartas de isotermas e de perfis longitudinais ilustrados, contendo as feições predominantes nos trajetos, permitindo uma análise integrada da distribuição da temperatura do ar nas vias de fluxo livre. Foram diagnosticadas ilhas de calor atmosféricas de moderada magnitude, com intensidade entre 3ºC e 3,8ºC, em condições de estabilidade atmosférica proporcionadas por céu claro e ventos fracos. As ilhas de calor foram detectadas em feições urbanas densamente construídas, enquanto que as ilhas de frescor se posicionaram em áreas de menor densidade construtiva, de transição do ambiente urbano-rural e no rural circunvizinho. Esta pesquisa demonstrou que mesmo sendo uma cidade de pequeno porte, Rancharia apresenta especificidades do ponto de vista da distribuição das temperaturas no intraurbano em relação ao rural próximo, que deve ser considerada na gestão e no planejamento do espaço urbano.

  10. The Tubular Penetration Depth and Adaption of Four Sealers: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Huan Chen

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. The tubular penetration and adaptation of the sealer are important factors for successful root canal filling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tubular penetration depth of four different sealers in the coronal, middle, and apical third of root canals as well as the adaptation of these sealers to root canal walls. Materials and Methods. 50 single-rooted teeth were prepared in this study. Forty-eight of them were filled with different sealers (Cortisomol, iRoot SP, AH-Plus, and RealSeal SE and respective core filling materials. Then the specimens were sectioned and scanning electron microscopy was employed to assess the tubular penetration and adaptation of the sealers. Results. Our results demonstrated that the maximum penetration was exhibited by RealSeal SE, followed by AH-Plus, iRoot SP, and Cortisomol. As regards the adaptation property to root canal walls, AH-Plus has best adaptation capacity followed by iRoot SP, RealSeal SE, and Cortisomol. Conclusion. The tubular penetration and adaptation vary with the different sealers investigated. RealSeal SE showed the most optimal tubular penetration, whereas AH-Plus presented the best adaptation to the root canal walls.

  11. Design and performance of tubular flat-plate solid oxide fuel cell

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matsushima, T.; Ikeda, D.; Kanagawa, H. [NTT Integrated Information & Energy Systems Labs., Tokyo (Japan)] [and others

    1996-12-31

    With the growing interest in conserving the environmental conditions, much attention is being paid to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), which has high energy-conversion efficiency. Many organizations have conducted studies on tubular and flat type SOFCs. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) has studied a combined tubular flat-plate SOFC, and already presented the I-V characteristics of a single cell. Here, we report the construction of a stack of this SOFC cell and successful generation tests results.

  12. Atributos químicos, carbono orgânico e substâncias húmicas em Organossolos háplicos de várias regiões do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adierson Gilvani Ebeling

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available A dinâmica e os atributos da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS há muito vêm sendo estudados em solos minerais. Entretanto, em condições tropicais, poucos estudos envolvem os solos orgânicos e a caracterização das substâncias húmicas (SH, ou sua relação com atributos químicos relevantes, para avaliar o potencial agrícola. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar atributos químicos de Organossolos Háplicos de diferentes regiões do Brasil; quantificar o teor de C orgânico no solo e nas frações da MOS; e avaliar as relações entre esses atributos em cada ambiente de formação. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos e quantificados os teores de C orgânico total e das frações da MOS (ácido fúlvico - C-FAF, ácido húmico - C-FAH e humina - C-HUM, bem como as relações C-FAH/C-FAF, C-EA/C-HUM, em que C-EA (carbono do extrato alcalino é obtido pelo somatório de C-FAF e C-FAH. Os Organossolos apresentaram elevada acidez, saturação por bases abaixo de 50 % e elevada capacidade de troca catiônica potencial (T, embora com valores altos de Ca2+ e Mg2+ e de soma de bases, na maioria dos perfis. Os teores de C nas frações húmicas apresentaram correlação significativa com diferentes atributos dos solos, como entre os valores de C-FAH e de C-HUM e os teores de N, H+ e T. O C-HUM e o C-FAH predominaram sobre o C-FAF. A relação C-FAH/C-FAF foi menor nos horizontes mais superficiais, dos perfis com maior intensidade de uso ou efeito de queimadas, assim como os teores de matéria orgânica, C-HUM e C-FAH. Os atributos químicos e os teores de C nas substâncias húmicas refletiram o grau de transformação da MOS e alterações pelo uso agrícola, indicando a vulnerabilidade dos Organossolos.

  13. Polydopamine-coated open tubular column for the separation of proteins by capillary electrochromatography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Xing; Wang, Wentao; Chen, Jia; Jia, Li

    2015-08-01

    The separation and determination of proteins in food is an important aspect in food industry. Inspired by the self-polymerization of dopamine under alkaline conditions and the natural adhesive properties of polydopamine, in this paper, a simple and economical method was developed for the preparation of polydopamine-coated open tubular column, in which ammonium persulfate was used as the source of oxygen to induce and facilitate the polymerization of dopamine to form polydopamine. In comparison with a naked fused-silica capillary, the direction and magnitude of the electro-osmotic flow of the as-prepared polydopamine-coated open tubular column could be manipulated by varying the pH values of background solutions due to the existence of amine and phenolic hydroxyl groups on polydopamine coating. The surface morphology of the polydopamine-coated open tubular column was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the thickness of polydopamine coating was 106 nm. The performance of the polydopamine-coated open tubular column was validated by analysis of proteins. The relative standard deviations of migration times of proteins representing run-to-run, day-to-day, and column-to-column were less than 3.5%. In addition, the feasibility of the polydopamine-coated open tubular column for real samples was verified by the separation of proteins in chicken egg white and pure milk. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  14. Measurement of the Velocity and Pressure Drop in a Tubular Type Fuel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jonghark Park; Heetaek Chae; Cheol Park; Heonil Kim

    2006-01-01

    We have developed a tubular type fuel assembly design as one of candidates for fuel to be used in the Advanced HANARO Reactor (AHR). The tubular type fuel has several merits over a rod type fuel with respect to the thermal-hydraulic and structural safety; the larger ratio of surface area to volume makes the surface temperature of a fuel element become lower, and curved plate is stronger against longitudinal bending and vibration. In the other side, a disadvantage is expected such that the flow velocity can be distributed unevenly channel by channel because the flow channels are isolated from each other in a tubular type fuel assembly. In addition to the design development, we also investigated the flow characteristics of the tubular fuel experimentally. To examine the flow velocity distribution and pressure drop, we made an experiment facility and a mockup of the tubular fuel assembly. The fuel assembly consists of 6 concentric fuel tubes so that 7 layers are made between fuel tubes. Since each layer is divided into three sections by stiffeners, 21 isolated flow channels are made in total. We employed pitot-tubes to measure the coolant velocity in each channel. The maximum velocity was measured as large as about 28% of the average velocity. It was observed in the innermost channel contrarily to the expectation from the hydraulic diameter. A change in the total flow rate did not affect the flow distribution. Meanwhile, the pressure drop was measured as about 70% of the drop in the rod type fuel assembly in use in HANARO. (authors)

  15. O processo de construção da gestão regional da saúde no estado de São Paulo: subsídios para a análise

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Áquilas Mendes

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta os resultados gerais da pesquisa sobre o processo de construção da gestão regional no estado de São Paulo, durante a discussão do COAP/redes de atenção, com o intuito de fornecer subsídios para a compreensão deste processo de pactuação regional da saúde, com enfoque nas regiões de saúde de Bauru, Baixada Santista, Grande ABC e Vale do Ribeira, no estado de São Paulo. Além dos resultados apresentados sobre as regiões de saúde estudadas, a metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento da construção dos perfis das regiões constitui em si uma proposta metodológica de análise de perfis regionais de saúde. A primeira parte do artigo apresenta a metodologia geral adotada para a análise das regiões de saúde; a segunda, abrange os resultados e a discussão da pesquisa, organizados em dois itens. O primeiro destes itens refere-se à análise dos perfis das cinco regiões de saúde pesquisadas no Estado. O segundo, analisa os principais aspectos do processo de pactuação regional da saúde em São Paulo, destacando potencialidades e limites, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com gestores municipais e apoiadores do Conselho de Secretários Municipais de Saúde de São Paulo dessas regiões.

  16. Genetics Home Reference: renal tubular acidosis with deafness

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... adults with renal tubular acidosis with deafness have short stature, and many develop kidney stones. The metabolic acidosis ... enlarged vestibular aqueduct, can be seen with medical imaging. The vestibular aqueduct is a bony canal that ...

  17. Nano-tubular cellulose for bioprocess technology development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koutinas, Athanasios A; Sypsas, Vasilios; Kandylis, Panagiotis; Michelis, Andreas; Bekatorou, Argyro; Kourkoutas, Yiannis; Kordulis, Christos; Lycourghiotis, Alexis; Banat, Ibrahim M; Nigam, Poonam; Marchant, Roger; Giannouli, Myrsini; Yianoulis, Panagiotis

    2012-01-01

    Delignified cellulosic material has shown a significant promotional effect on the alcoholic fermentation as yeast immobilization support. However, its potential for further biotechnological development is unexploited. This study reports the characterization of this tubular/porous cellulosic material, which was done by SEM, porosimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The results showed that the structure of nano-tubular cellulose (NC) justifies its suitability for use in "cold pasteurization" processes and its promoting activity in bioprocessing (fermentation). The last was explained by a glucose pump theory. Also, it was demonstrated that crystallization of viscous invert sugar solutions during freeze drying could not be otherwise achieved unless NC was present. This effect as well as the feasibility of extremely low temperature fermentation are due to reduction of the activation energy, and have facilitated the development of technologies such as wine fermentations at home scale (in a domestic refrigerator). Moreover, NC may lead to new perspectives in research such as the development of new composites, templates for cylindrical nano-particles, etc.

  18. Reorganization of the Endosomal System in Salmonella-Infected Cells: The Ultrastructure of Salmonella-Induced Tubular Compartments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krieger, Viktoria; Liebl, David; Zhang, Yuying; Rajashekar, Roopa; Chlanda, Petr; Giesker, Katrin; Chikkaballi, Deepak; Hensel, Michael

    2014-01-01

    During the intracellular life of Salmonella enterica, a unique membrane-bound compartment termed Salmonella-containing vacuole, or SCV, is formed. By means of translocated effector proteins, intracellular Salmonella also induce the formation of extensive, highly dynamic membrane tubules termed Salmonella-induced filaments or SIF. Here we report the first detailed ultrastructural analyses of the SCV and SIF by electron microscopy (EM), EM tomography and live cell correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). We found that a subset of SIF is composed of double membranes that enclose portions of host cell cytosol and cytoskeletal filaments within its inner lumen. Despite some morphological similarities, we found that the formation of SIF double membranes is independent from autophagy and requires the function of the effector proteins SseF and SseG. The lumen of SIF network is accessible to various types of endocytosed material and our CLEM analysis of double membrane SIF demonstrated that fluid phase markers accumulate only between the inner and outer membrane of these structures, a space continual with endosomal lumen. Our work reveals how manipulation of the endosomal membrane system by an intracellular pathogen results in a unique tubular membrane compartmentalization of the host cell, generating a shielded niche permissive for intracellular proliferation of Salmonella. PMID:25254663

  19. Extração e quantificação de alumínio trocável em Organossolos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ricardo da Rocha Campos

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de extração e quantificação de alumínio trocável em Organossolos. As amostras foram coletadas em três perfis de turfeira e, então, secas ao ar e passadas em peneira de malha de 2 mm. Foram feitas extrações com KCl 1 mol L-1 , Ca(OAc2 1 mol L-1 e CuCl2 0,5 mol L-1 . Em seguida, os extratos obtidos por KCl e Ca(OAc2 foram analisados por titulação com NaOH 0,025 mol L-1 e por espectrômetro de absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GF-AAE. Os extratos obtidos por CuCl2 foram analisados por GF-AAE. Na quantificação por GF-AAE, os extratores KCl e Ca(OAc2 tiveram capacidade semelhante de extrair alumínio trocável, enquanto o CuCl2 foi capaz de extrair também o Al reativo. Os elevados teores de alumínio trocável observados na titulação após extração com KCl podem estar relacionados aos elevados teores do íon H+ presente nas amostras. O método indicado para determinação do teor de alumínio trocável em Organossolos é a extração com KCl ou com Ca(OAc2 e, para quantificação, a espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite.

  20. Valores de referência local e avaliação da contaminação por zinco em solos adjacentes a áreas mineradas no município de Vazante-MG Establishing local reference values and determining contamination of zinc in soils of Vazante-MG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Meubles Borges Júnior

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available A contaminação dos solos por metais pesados é um problema atual que requer abordagem adequada, tendo em vista as necessidades da sociedade moderna. Em áreas de mineração, a avaliação da contaminação de solos constitui ferramenta importante para o gerenciamento de áreas degradadas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estabelecer valores de referência local (VRL para Zn em solos adjacentes a áreas mineradas no município de Vazante-MG, tendo em vista avaliar a contaminação ambiental. Foram coletadas amostras de perfis de solos remanescentes em área mineralizada, a jusante e montante dessa, nas profundidades de 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-100 e 100-150 cm. Foram determinados os teores totais de Zn, bem como as formas disponíveis (Mehlich-3 e DTPA. Optou-se por determinar o VRL a partir da média ponderada dos teores de Zn nas camadas de 0 - 20 cm dos perfis a montante. De posse desse valor, calcularam-se o fator de contaminação (FC e o índice de geoacumulação (IGeo para cada perfil. O VRL obtido para Zn foi de 1.262 mg kg-1, que é muito alto em relação aos padrões de qualidade, sugerindo monitoramento e restrição ao uso agrícola e residencial dos solos na área. Não obstante, esse valor é inferior aos valores de intervenção (VI´s para as áreas industriais adotados no Estado de São Paulo, EUA e Canadá. Os solos das áreas mineralizadas apresentaram maiores valores para o fator de contaminação, com destaque para o perfil 5 localizado na área mineralizada em exploração (área minerada. De acordo com o IGeo, os perfis de solo a jusante foram classificados como não poluídos a moderadamente poluídos.Soil contamination by heavy metals is a current concern that requires a suitable approach, taking the needs of modern societies into account. In mined areas the evaluation of soil contamination is an important tool for the management of degraded areas. This study was carried out in order to

  1. Muscle imaging in patients with tubular aggregate myopathy caused by mutations in STIM1

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tasca, Giorgio; D'Amico, Adele; Monforte, Mauro

    2015-01-01

    Tubular aggregate myopathy is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by tubular aggregates as the hallmark on muscle biopsy. Mutations in STIM1 have recently been identified as one genetic cause in a number of tubular aggregate myopathy cases. To characterize the pattern of muscle...... involvement in this disease, upper and lower girdles and lower limbs were imaged in five patients with mutations in STIM1, and the scans were compared with two patients with tubular aggregate myopathy not caused by mutations in STIM1. A common pattern of involvement was found in STIM1-mutated patients...... of thigh and posterior leg with sparing of gracilis, tibialis anterior and, to a lesser extent, short head of biceps femoris. Mutations in STIM1 are associated with a homogeneous involvement on imaging despite variable clinical features. Muscle imaging can be useful in identifying STIM1-mutated patients...

  2. Three-Dimensional Tubular MoS2/PANI Hybrid Electrode for High Rate Performance Supercapacitor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ren, Lijun; Zhang, Gaini; Yan, Zhe; Kang, Liping; Xu, Hua; Shi, Feng; Lei, Zhibin; Liu, Zong-Huai

    2015-12-30

    By using three-dimensional (3D) tubular molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as both an active material in electrochemical reaction and a framework to provide more paths for insertion and extraction of ions, PANI nanowire arrays with a diameter of 10-20 nm can be controllably grown on both the external and internal surface of 3D tubular MoS2 by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers and 3D tubular MoS2/PANI hybrid materials with different amounts of PANI are prepared. A controllable growth of PANI nanowire arrays on the tubular MoS2 surface provides an opportunity to optimize the capacitive performance of the obtained electrodes. When the loading amount of PANI is 60%, the obtained MoS2/PANI-60 hybrid electrode not only shows a high specific capacitance of 552 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, but also gives excellent rate capability of 82% from 0.5 to 30 A/g. The remarkable rate performance can be mainly attributed to the architecture with synergistic effect between 3D tubular MoS2 and PANI nanowire arrays. Moreover, the MoS2/PANI-60 based symmetric supercapacitor also exhibits the excellent rate performance and good cycling stability. The specific capacitance based on the total mass of the two electrodes is 124 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and 79% of its initial capacitance is remained after 6000 cycles. The 3D tubular structure provides a good and favorable method for improving the capacitance retention of PANI electrode.

  3. In-Situ TEM-STM Observations of SWCNT Ropes/Tubular Transformations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sola, F.; Lebron-Colon, M.; Ferreira, P. J.; Fonseca, L. F.; Meador, M. A.; Marin, C.

    2010-01-01

    Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) prepared by the HiPco process were purified using a modified gas phase purification technique. A TEM-STM holder was used to study the morphological changes of SWCNT ropes as a function of applied voltage. Kink formation, buckling behavior, tubular transformation and eventual breakdown of the system were observed. The tubular formation was attributed to a transformation from SWCNT ropes to multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structures. It is likely mediated by the patching and tearing mechanism which is promoted primarily by the mobile vacancies generated due to current-induced heating and, to some extent, by electron irradiation.

  4. 78 FR 77421 - Certain Oil Country Tubular Goods From India: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-12-23

    ..., Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, the Republic of Turkey, Ukraine, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-533-858] Certain Oil Country Tubular... producers and exporters of certain oil tubular goods (OCTG) from India. The period of investigation is...

  5. SOBREVIVÊNCIA DA MOLÉCULA ORGÂNCIA CH3OH EM REGIÕES DE ESTRELAS JOVENS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Will Robson Monteiro Rocha

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available A molécula de CH3OH é uma das espécies orgânicas mais abundantes no meio interestelar e importante precursor de espécies pré-bióticas. Nesse trabalho estudamos sua sobrevivência em um cenário típico de estrela jovem, na presença de um campo de radiação ultravioleta (UV entre 91.2 – 205 nm. Para isso usamos o código de transferência radiativa RADMC-3D para calcular os perfis de densidade e intensidade média de fótons em toda parte do modelo. Através desses resultados, usamos a seção de choque de destruição do CH3OH na região do ultravioleta para calcular sua taxa de fotodissociação e tempo de meia vida. Concluímos que no interior do disco, a molécula pode sobreviver intacta e ser liberada para a fase gasosa por processos não-térmicos. Porém no envelope, a fotodissociação é predominante, podendo formar espécies como HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO e CH3CH2OH.

  6. Influência das variáveis do processo de mistura na morfologia e propriedades finais de filmes tubulares de nanocompósitos de polietileno de alta densidade

    OpenAIRE

    Cláudia Soares Isaac

    2006-01-01

    O processo de fabricação de filmes tubulares é uma das mais importantes técnicas de processamento de polímeros para a aplicação em embalagens flexíveis. A obtenção das propriedades finais desejadas para o produto está intimamente ligada à morfologia desenvolvida pelo polímero durante seu processamento. A relação entre variáveis de processamento, morfologia e propriedades finais é extremamente complexa, estando fortemente relacionada ao comportamento reológico do polímero, principalmente no ca...

  7. The Design and Performance Evaluation of Hydroformed Tubular Torsion Beam Axle

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Jaehyun; Oh, Jinho; Choi, Hanho

    2010-06-01

    Suspensions for vehicles are structural devices used for suspending a vehicle body and absorbing shocks from the road. Thus, the suspensions must be designed such that they can attenuate shocks from a road and make passengers feel comfortable despite the shocks, and improve steering stability, determined by the ground contact force of tires during running of vehicles. Another important factor to be considered while designing suspensions is that the suspensions must maintain desired stiffness and desired durability despite the repeated application of shocks from roads thereto. The present relates, in general, to a tubular torsion beam for rear suspensions of vehicles and a manufacturing method thereof and, more particularly, to the provision of tubular torsion beams having excellent roll stiffness and excellent roll strength, produced through hydroforming. The hydroforming technology has a lot of benefit which is shape accuracy, good durability caused by compressive pressure, and good forming quality. In this study, the performance evaluation of the hydroformed tubular torsion beam axle is evaluated.

  8. Avaliação de taxas de aquecimento em materiais refratários: comparação entre simulações físicas e cálculos computacionais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pereira R.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A correta determinação de curvas de aquecimento para materiais refratários é uma tarefa complexa, e a sua inadequação pode resultar até mesmo na destruição de um revestimento refratário. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o efeito de diferentes taxas de aquecimento no desempenho termomecânico de refratários utilizados em fornos de reaquecimento. O estudo considera desde curvas de aquecimento típicas indicadas por fornecedores, até velocidades de aquecimento de 180 ºC/h. É apresentada uma avaliação comparativa entre os resultados térmicos medidos em um forno simulador e resultados calculados pela técnica de elementos finitos. Os perfis térmicos medidos e calculados foram empregados para a determinação das tensões termomecânicas geradas dentro das peças, analisando a probabilidade de falha em função da velocidade de aquecimento. São destacadas as diferenças existentes nestas tensões quando se consideram propriedades medidas à quente e à temperatura ambiente.

  9. A technical case report on use of tubular retractors for anterior cervical spine surgery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kulkarni, Arvind G; Patel, Ankit; Ankith, N V

    2017-12-19

    The authors put-forth this technical report to establish the feasibility of performing an anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) and a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using a minimally invasive approach with tubular retractors. First case: cervical spondylotic myelopathy secondary to a large postero-inferiorly migrated disc treated with corpectomy and reconstruction with a mesh cage and locking plate. Second case: cervical disc herniation with radiculopathy treated with a two-level ACDF. Both cases were operated with minimally invasive approach with tubular retractor using a single incision. Technical aspects and clinical outcomes have been reported. No intra or post-operative complications were encountered. Intra-operative blood loss was negligible. The patients had a cosmetic scar on healing. Standard procedure of placement of tubular retractors is sufficient for adequate surgical exposure with minimal invasiveness. Minimally invasive approach to anterior cervical spine with tubular retractors is feasible. This is the first report on use of minimally invasive approach for ACCF and two-level ACDF.

  10. ANALYSIS OF ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF BRAIDED TUBULAR STRUCTURES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mehmet Emin YÜKSEKKAYA

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available In this study, self-expanding stents were fabricated and analyzed. These stents are in the form of 3-D tubular braided structures made of polymeric materials. This type of structures is used in medicine to open clogged artheries and veins by exerting radial force. The amount of radial force exerted into the membrane should not give any damage to the veins. Therefore, the geometry of the three dimensional tubular braided fabric is analyzed to give an optimum radial force for medical applications.

  11. Self-assembly of versatile tubular-like In2O3 nanostructures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhong Miao; Zheng Maojun; Ma Li; Li Yanbo

    2007-01-01

    Versatile indium oxide tubular nanostructures (well-aligned nanotube arrays, flower-like tubular structures, and square nanotubes) were fabricated by a facile and reliable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, taking advantage of the self-assembly property and substrate-induced epitaxial growth mechanism. The technique has a few advantages, such as low growth temperature, nonexistence of catalyst, template-free synthesis, direct bonding to the semiconductor substrates, etc. This strategy might extend the approach of synthesizing desirable nanostructures of other important low-melting metal oxides for potential applications

  12. Facile Fabrication of Uniform Polyaniline Nanotubes with Tubular Aluminosilicates as Templates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Long; Liu, Peng

    2008-08-01

    The uniform polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes, with inner diameter, outer diameter, and tubular thickness of 40, 60, and 10 nm, respectively, were prepared successfully by using natural tubular aluminosilicates as templates. The halloysite nanotubes were coated with PANI via the in situ chemical oxidation polymerization. Then the templates were etched with HCl/HF solution. The PANI nanotubes were characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The conductivity of the PANI nanotubes was found to be 1.752 × 10-5 (Ω·cm)-1.

  13. Effect of cyclosporine therapy in transplanted patients-diagnostic values of tubular markers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Todor Gruev

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available The introduction of cyclosporine A (CsA into the clinical practice has resulted in a major improvement in the short-term outcomes of solid organ transplantation and treatment of autoimune diseases. Chronic ScA nephrotoxicity has been described in kidneys of recepients of renal and other organ allografts. However, the exact mechanism underlying the development of fibrosis in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity has remained poorly understood. Evaluation with the validation data set showed that noninvasive urine protein differentiation might be a useful diagnostic strategy in nephrology. Over the past decade numerous studies in patients after transplantation have demonstrated that renal tubular cell injury after a toxic insult, results in sloughing of tubular debris and cell into the tubular lumen with eventual obstruction of tubular flow, increased intratubular pressure and backleak of glomerular filtrate out of the tubule. Urinary enzymes and low molecular proteins have been recommended as useful markers for the detection of changes in the kidney tissue in cases after renal transplantation. The aim of our study was to monitor the concentration and eventual nephrotoxic effect of Cyclosporine A using the concentration of low molecular proteins α-1-microglobulin and β−2-microglobulin, serum Cystatin C, as well as the concentration of isoform of GST-α and π.

  14. Autoimmune Hepatitis with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Small Bowel Partial Malrotation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kanaiyalal Modi, Tejas; Parikh, Hardik; Sadalge, Abhishek; Gupte, Amit; Bhatt, Pratin; Shukla, Akash

    2015-01-01

    Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is not uncommon in patient with chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), but usually remains latent. Here, we report a case of renal tubular acidosis RTA who presented with AIH. She was also diagnosed to have partial bowel malrotation. A 9-year-old girl, a case of distal RTA, presented with jaundice, abdominal distension and altered sensorium. She was diagnosed to be AIH, which was successfully treated with steroids and azathioprine. Coexistent midgut partial malrotation with volvulus was diagnosed during the treatment. She was treated successfully with anti-tuberculous treatment for cervical lymphadenitis. Autoimmune hepatitis should not be ruled out in each case of RTA presenting with jaundice. Modi TK, Parikh H, Sadalge A, Gupte A, Bhatt P, Shukla A. Autoimmune Hepatitis with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Small Bowel Partial Malrotation. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2015;5(2):107-109.

  15. Tomografia elétrica 2D e gravimetria para detecção de sítio contaminado por derivados de petróleo em área de passivo ambiental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valter Antonio Becegato

    Full Text Available RESUMO Foram realizados ensaios geofísicos, como caminhamento elétrico (arranjo dipolo-dipolo com AB=MN=4 m, totalizando 1.024 m de perfis, e levantamento gravimétrico, totalizando 273 estações separadas de 4 em 4 m. Os valores máximos, mínimo, médio e desvio padrão da resistividade elétrica real em ohm.m foram, respectivamente: 35, 2.276, 432 e 344. Com relação às anomalias gravimétricas Bouguer, observou-se que a porção oriental é caracterizada por sinais com maiores amplitudes, em contraposição ao segmento ocidental, onde as mesmas são intermediárias a baixas, destacando-se valores mínimos entre as estações 0-44 m das linhas L4, L5 e L6. Detectou-se a presença de hidrocarboneto a 3 m de profundidade, nas linhas L8 e L9. Análises laboratoriais das amostras de solos e água apontaram valores PHAs que excedem os parâmetros estabelecidos pela resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005.

  16. Cellular interactions via conditioned media induce in vivo nephron generation from tubular epithelial cells or mesenchymal stem cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Machiguchi, Toshihiko; Nakamura, Tatsuo

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: •We have attempted in vivo nephron generation using conditioned media. •Vascular and tubular cells do cross-talks on cell proliferation and tubular changes. •Tubular cells suppress these changes in mesenchymal stem cells. •Tubular cells differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into tubular cells. •Nephrons can be created from implanted tubular cells or mesenchymal stem cells. -- Abstract: There are some successful reports of kidney generation by utilizing the natural course of kidney development, namely, the use of an artificially treated metanephros, blastocyst or ureteric bud. Under a novel concept of cellular interactions via conditioned media (CMs), we have attempted in vivo nephron generation from tubular epithelial cells (TECs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here we used 10× CMs of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and TECs, which is the first to introduce a CM into the field of organ regeneration. We first present stimulative cross-talks induced by these CMs between VECs and TECs on cell proliferation and morphological changes. In MSCs, TEC-CM suppressed these changes, however, induced cytokeratin expression, indicating the differentiation of MSCs into TECs. As a result, glomerular and tubular structures were created following the implantation of TECs or MSCs with both CMs. Our findings suggest that the cellular interactions via CMs might induce in vivo nephron generation from TECs or MSCs. As a promoting factor, CMs could also be applied to the regeneration of other organs and tissues

  17. Efeitos da redução de peso superior a 5% nos perfis hemodinâmico, metabólico e neuroendócrino de obesos grau I

    OpenAIRE

    Barbato,Kelly Biancardini Gomes; Martins,Rita de Cássia Vieira; Rodrigues,Maria de Lourdes Guimarães; Braga,José Ueleres; Francischetti,Emílio Antonio; Genelhu,Virginia

    2006-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da redução de peso superior a 5% nos perfis hemodinâmico, metabólico e neuroendócrino de obesos grau I. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional com 47 obesos grau I, média de idade de 33 anos, submetidos a orientação mensal quanto a dieta, exercício físico e comportamento alimentar, durante quatro meses. A pressão arterial, pelo método auscultatório, e a freqüência cardíaca, pelo método palpatório, foram avaliadas mensalmente, enquanto as seguintes variáveis (e respectivos ...

  18. Mechanical testing of adherence of stacked layers in tubular geometry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Correia, L.A.; Schuring, E.W.; Van Delft, Y.C. [ECN Energy Efficiency in the Industry, Petten (Netherlands)

    2007-09-15

    For the development of new molecular separation technologies strong robust tubular membrane systems are required. The fragile membranes, however, need a strong defect free support such as a porous asymmetric ceramic tube. Mechanical failure of these ceramic membrane systems during manufacturing and operation is mainly caused by delamination of the stacked layers. Therefore development is focused on improving the adherence. As no standard mechanical test for tubular samples is available yet, a new tensile test was developed to facilitate the current research. The most important components in the new equipment is a test tool with a curvature matching that of the test sample and a sample casing that align and guide the test tool during the tensile test. With this tensile test the manufacturing procedure for the ECN standard tubular {alpha}-alumina support was optimized. Firing the asymmetric support at 1300C resulted in the highest mechanical strength for the support system with cohesive fracture in the support tube. With the test developed the process condition could be identified where the material of the support tube is the weakest link in the support system.

  19. Strain-Induced Rolled Thin Films for Lightweight Tubular Thermoelectric Generators

    KAUST Repository

    Singh, Devendra

    2017-11-24

    Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are interesting energy harvesters of otherwise wasted heat. Here, a polymer-assisted generic process and its mechanics to obtain sputtered thermoelectric (TE) telluride material-based 3D tubular structures with unprecedented length (up to seamless 4 cm and further expandable) are shown. This length allows for large temperature differences between the hot and the cold ends, a critical but untapped enabler for high power generation. Compared with a flat slab, better area efficiency is observed for a rolled tube and compared with a solid rod architecture, a rolled tube uses less material (thus making it lightweight and cost effective) and has competitive performance advantage due to a smaller contact area. It is also shown that a tubular architecture thermopile-based TEG is able to generate up to 5 μW of power (eight pairs of p- and n-type thermopiles) through a temperature difference of 60 °C. The demonstrated process can play an important role in transforming 2D atomic crystal structure TE materials into 3D tubular thermopiles for effective TEG application, which can maintain higher temperature differences by longer distances between hot and cold ends.

  20. Filament winding technique, experiment and simulation analysis on tubular structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quanjin, Ma; Rejab, M. R. M.; Kaige, Jiang; Idris, M. S.; Harith, M. N.

    2018-04-01

    Filament winding process has emerged as one of the potential composite fabrication processes with lower costs. Filament wound products involve classic axisymmetric parts (pipes, rings, driveshafts, high-pressure vessels and storage tanks), non-axisymmetric parts (prismatic nonround sections and pipe fittings). Based on the 3-axis filament winding machine has been designed with the inexpensive control system, it is completely necessary to make a relative comparison between experiment and simulation on tubular structure. In this technical paper, the aim of this paper is to perform a dry winding experiment using the 3-axis filament winding machine and simulate winding process on the tubular structure using CADWIND software with 30°, 45°, 60° winding angle. The main result indicates that the 3-axis filament winding machine can produce tubular structure with high winding pattern performance with different winding angle. This developed 3-axis winding machine still has weakness compared to CAWIND software simulation results with high axes winding machine about winding pattern, turnaround impact, process error, thickness, friction impact etc. In conclusion, the 3-axis filament winding machine improvements and recommendations come up with its comparison results, which can intuitively understand its limitations and characteristics.

  1. Thermodynamic model and parametric analysis of a tubular SOFC module

    Science.gov (United States)

    Campanari, Stefano

    Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered in the last years as one of the most promising technologies for very high-efficiency electric energy generation from natural gas, both with simple fuel cell plants and with integrated gas turbine-fuel cell systems. Among the SOFC technologies, tubular SOFC stacks with internal reforming have emerged as one of the most mature technology, with a serious potential for a future commercialization. In this paper, a thermodynamic model of a tubular SOFC stack, with natural gas feeding, internal reforming of hydrocarbons and internal air preheating is proposed. In the first section of the paper, the model is discussed in detail, analyzing its calculating equations and tracing its logical steps; the model is then calibrated on the available data for a recently demonstrated tubular SOFC prototype plant. In the second section of the paper, it is carried out a detailed parametric analysis of the stack working conditions, as a function of the main operating parameters. The discussion of the results of the thermodynamic and parametric analysis yields interesting considerations about partial load SOFC operation and load regulation, and about system design and integration with gas turbine cycles.

  2. Facile Fabrication of Uniform Polyaniline Nanotubes with Tubular Aluminosilicates as Templates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhang Long

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available AbstractThe uniform polyaniline (PANI nanotubes, with inner diameter, outer diameter, and tubular thickness of 40, 60, and 10 nm, respectively, were prepared successfully by using natural tubular aluminosilicates as templates. The halloysite nanotubes were coated with PANI via the in situ chemical oxidation polymerization. Then the templates were etched with HCl/HF solution. The PANI nanotubes were characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The conductivity of the PANI nanotubes was found to be 1.752 × 10−5(Ω·cm−1.

  3. O Toyotismo e a mercantilização do trabalho na indústria automotiva do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geraldo Augusto Pinto

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o avanço de conceitos e práticas de gestão do trabalho designados como "flexíveis" na indústria automotiva do Brasil, em especial os oriundos do Sistema Toyota de Produção. Por meio de uma investigação bibliográfica e de um estudo de caso empírico numa planta pertencente a um grupo transnacional do setor de autopeças, situada em Campinas, SP (Brasil, demonstra-se como foram efetuadas alterações na organização do trabalho, concomitantes à exigência de novos perfis de qualificação profissional e educacional aos trabalhadores. Em termos conclusivos, a presente análise evidencia como tais perfis articulados a métodos gerenciais de avaliação em processos de contratação e promoção têm fragmentado o coletivo de trabalhadores nas empresas, mercantilizando as relações que estabelecem entre si no cotidiano de trabalho, uma vez que se baseiam na introjeção e manipulação de princípios de conduta entre eles, no sentido de servilizá-los ao propósito da acumulação capitalista.

  4. Nano-tubular cellulose for bioprocess technology development.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Athanasios A Koutinas

    Full Text Available Delignified cellulosic material has shown a significant promotional effect on the alcoholic fermentation as yeast immobilization support. However, its potential for further biotechnological development is unexploited. This study reports the characterization of this tubular/porous cellulosic material, which was done by SEM, porosimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The results showed that the structure of nano-tubular cellulose (NC justifies its suitability for use in "cold pasteurization" processes and its promoting activity in bioprocessing (fermentation. The last was explained by a glucose pump theory. Also, it was demonstrated that crystallization of viscous invert sugar solutions during freeze drying could not be otherwise achieved unless NC was present. This effect as well as the feasibility of extremely low temperature fermentation are due to reduction of the activation energy, and have facilitated the development of technologies such as wine fermentations at home scale (in a domestic refrigerator. Moreover, NC may lead to new perspectives in research such as the development of new composites, templates for cylindrical nano-particles, etc.

  5. Flow analysis of tubular fuel assembly using CFD code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, J. H.; Park, C.; Chae, H. T.

    2004-01-01

    Based on the experiences of HANARO, a new research reactor is under conceptual design preparing for future needs of research reactor. Considering various aspects such as nuclear physics, thermal-hydraulics, mechanical structure and the applicability of HANARO technology, a tubular type fuel has been considered as that of a new research reactor. Tubular type fuel has several circular fuel layers, and each layer consists of 3 curved fuel plates arranged with constant small gap to build up cooling channels. In the thermal-hydraulic point, it is very important to maintain each channel flow velocity be equal as much as possible, because the small gaps between curved thin fuel plates independently forms separate coolant channels, which may cause a thermal-hydraulic problem in certain conditions. In this study, commercial CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) code, Fluent, has been used to investigate flow characteristics of tubular type fuel assembly. According to the computation results for the preliminary conceptual design, there is a serious lack of uniformity of average velocity on the each coolant channel. Some changes for initial conceptual design were done to improve the balance of velocity distribution, and analysis was done again, too. The results for the revised design showed that the uniformity of each channel velocity was improved significantly. The influence of outermost channel gap width on the velocity distribution was also examined

  6. A Role for Tubular Necroptosis in Cisplatin-Induced AKI

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Yanfang; Ma, Huabin; Shao, Jing; Wu, Jianfeng; Zhou, Linying; Zhang, Zhirong; Wang, Yuze; Huang, Zhe; Ren, Junming; Liu, Suhuan; Chen, Xiangmei

    2015-01-01

    Cell death and inflammation in the proximal tubules are the hallmarks of cisplatin-induced AKI, but the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether necroptosis, a type of programmed necrosis, has a role in cisplatin-induced AKI. We found that inhibition of any of the core components of the necroptotic pathway—receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), RIP3, or mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)—by gene knockout or a chemical inhibitor diminished cisplatin-induced proximal tubule damage in mice. Similar results were obtained in cultured proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, necroptosis of cultured cells could be induced by cisplatin or by a combination of cytokines (TNF-α, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis, and IFN-γ) that were upregulated in proximal tubules of cisplatin-treated mice. However, cisplatin induced an increase in RIP1 and RIP3 expression in cultured tubular cells in the absence of cytokine release. Correspondingly, overexpression of RIP1 or RIP3 enhanced cisplatin-induced necroptosis in vitro. Notably, inflammatory cytokine upregulation in cisplatin-treated mice was partially diminished in RIP3- or MLKL-deficient mice, suggesting a positive feedback loop involving these genes and inflammatory cytokines that promotes necroptosis progression. Thus, our data demonstrate that necroptosis is a major mechanism of proximal tubular cell death in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic AKI. PMID:25788533

  7. Status report on the development of a tubular electron beam ion source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Donets, E.D.; Donets, E.E.; Becker, R.; Liljeby, L.; Rensfelt, K.-G.; Beebe, E.N.; Pikin, A.I.

    2004-01-01

    The theoretical estimations and numerical simulations of tubular electron beams in both beam and reflex mode of source operation as well as the off-axis ion extraction from a tubular electron beam ion source (TEBIS) are presented. Numerical simulations have been done with the use of the IGUN and OPERA-3D codes. Numerical simulations with IGUN code show that the effective electron current can reach more than 100 A with a beam current density of about 300-400 A/cm 2 and the electron energy in the region of several KeV with a corresponding increase of the ion output. Off-axis ion extraction from the TEBIS, being the nonaxially symmetric problem, was simulated with OPERA-3D (SCALA) code. The conceptual design and main parameters of new tubular sources which are under consideration at JINR, MSL, and BNL are based on these simulations

  8. Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion of MAG-3 in the rat kidney

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mueller-Suur, R.M.; Mueller-Suur, C.

    1989-01-01

    Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG-3) has recently been introduced as a new radiopharmaceutical for dynamic renal scintigraphy. To elucidate the mechanism of renal excretion, micropuncture experiments were performed in rat kidneys for direct measurements of glomerular filtration and tubular secretory capacity. Fluid of Bowman space was collected from superficial glomeruli and analyzed for its contents of [99mTc]MAG-3, [125I]hippurate and [3H]inulin during constant infusion of these compounds. The ratio of activity of ultrafiltrate to that of arterial plasma was 0.23 for MAG-3, 0.68 for hippurate and 1.04 for inulin which demonstrates that the filtrated amount of MAG-3 is only 23% of that of inulin, presumably because of higher plasma protein binding which was also measured in vitro and found to be 80 +/- 1.5% for MAG-3 and 32 +/- 2% for [125I]hippurate. Proximal and distal tubules were also micropunctured and their tubular fluid as well as the final urine analyzed for the activity of hippurate and MAG-3. The tubular fluid to plasma ratio values along the nephron and in the final urine were all lower for MAG-3 than for hippurate, indicating a lower secretory capacity. From measurements of whole renal clearance, GFR and plasma protein binding the filtered amount of MAG-3 was 0.26 and of hippurate 0.87 ml/min.g kidney weight (p less than 0.001) and the secreted amount 2.01 and 2.38 ml/min.g kidney weight (p less than 0.05), respectively. We conclude that MAG-3 is predominantly excreted by tubular secretion and that the lower renal clearance of MAG-3 as compared with that of hippurate is a result both of a substantially decreased glomerular filtration and of a lower tubular secretion

  9. The rebirth of interest in renal tubular function.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lowenstein, Jerome; Grantham, Jared J

    2016-06-01

    The measurement of glomerular filtration rate by the clearance of inulin or creatinine has evolved over the past 50 years into an estimated value based solely on plasma creatinine concentration. We have examined some of the misconceptions and misunderstandings of the classification of renal disease and its course, which have followed this evolution. Furthermore, renal plasma flow and tubular function, which in the past were estimated by the clearance of the exogenous aryl amine, para-aminohippurate, are no longer measured. Over the past decade, studies in experimental animals with reduced nephron mass and in patients with reduced renal function have identified small gut-derived, protein-bound uremic retention solutes ("uremic toxins") that are poorly filtered but are secreted into the lumen by organic anion transporters (OATs) in the proximal renal tubule. These are not effectively removed by conventional hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Residual renal function, urine produced in patients with advanced renal failure or undergoing dialysis treatment, may represent, at least in part, secretion of fluid and uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate, mediated by proximal tubule OATs and might serve as a useful survival function. In light of this new evidence of the physiological role of proximal tubule OATs, we suggest that measurement of renal tubular function and renal plasma flow may be of considerable value in understanding and managing chronic kidney disease. Data obtained in normal subjects indicate that renal plasma flow and renal tubular function might be measured by the clearance of the endogenous aryl amine, hippurate. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

  10. The Test for Flow Characteristics of Tubular Fuel Assembly(II) - Experimental results and CFD analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Jong Hark; Chae, H. T.; Park, C.; Kim, H.

    2006-12-01

    A test facility had been established for the experiment of velocity distribution and pressure drop in a tubular fuel. A basic test had been conducted to examine the performance of the test loop and to verify the accuracy of measurement by pitot-tube. In this report, test results and CFD analysis for the hydraulic characteristics of a tubular fuel, following the previous tests, are described. Coolant velocities in all channels were measured using pitot-tube and the effect of flow rate change on the velocity distribution was also examined. The pressure drop through the tubular fuel was measured for various flow rates in range of 1 kg/s to 21 kg/s to obtain a correlation of pressure drop with variation of flow rate. In addition, a CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis was also done to find out the hydraulic characteristics of tubular fuel such as velocity distribution and pressure drop. As the results of CFD analysis can give us a detail insight on coolant flow in the tubular fuel, the CFD method is a very useful tool to understand the flow structure and phenomena induced by fluid flow. The CFX-10, a commercial CFD code, was used in this study. The two results by the experiment and the CFD analysis were investigated and compared with each other. Overall trend of velocity distribution by CFD analysis was somewhat different from that of experiment, but it would be reasonable considering measurement uncertainties. The CFD prediction for pressure drop of a tubular fuel shows a tolerably good agreement with experiment within 8% difference

  11. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 tubes fabricated by Multi-pass Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing

    OpenAIRE

    Hooman Abdolvand; Ghader Faraji; Javad Shahbazi Karami

    2017-01-01

    Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing (PTCAP) process is a novel recently developed severe plastic deformation (SPD) method for producing ultrafine grained (UFG) and nanograined (NG) tubular specimens with excellent mechanical and physical properties. This process has several advantageous compared to its TCAP counterparts. In this paper, a fine grained AZ91 tube was fabricated via multi pass parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) process. Tubes were processed up to three passes...

  12. Furosemide/Fludrocortisone Test and Clinical Parameters to Diagnose Incomplete Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis in Kidney Stone Formers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dhayat, Nasser A; Gradwell, Michael W; Pathare, Ganesh; Anderegg, Manuel; Schneider, Lisa; Luethi, David; Mattmann, Cedric; Moe, Orson W; Vogt, Bruno; Fuster, Daniel G

    2017-09-07

    Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis is a well known cause of calcareous nephrolithiasis but the prevalence is unknown, mostly due to lack of accepted diagnostic tests and criteria. The ammonium chloride test is considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis, but the furosemide/fludrocortisone test was recently proposed as an alternative. Because of the lack of rigorous comparative studies, the validity of the furosemide/fludrocortisone test in stone formers remains unknown. In addition, the performance of conventional, nonprovocative parameters in predicting incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis has not been studied. We conducted a prospective study in an unselected cohort of 170 stone formers that underwent sequential ammonium chloride and furosemide/fludrocortisone testing. Using the ammonium chloride test as gold standard, the prevalence of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis was 8%. Sensitivity and specificity of the furosemide/fludrocortisone test were 77% and 85%, respectively, yielding a positive predictive value of 30% and a negative predictive value of 98%. Testing of several nonprovocative clinical parameters in the prediction of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis revealed fasting morning urinary pH and plasma potassium as the most discriminative parameters. The combination of a fasting morning urinary threshold pH 3.8 mEq/L yielded a negative predictive value of 98% with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 77% for the diagnosis of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis. The furosemide/fludrocortisone test can be used for incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis screening in stone formers, but an abnormal furosemide/fludrocortisone test result needs confirmation by ammonium chloride testing. Our data furthermore indicate that incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis can reliably be excluded in stone formers by use of nonprovocative clinical parameters. Copyright © 2017 by the American

  13. Smart concrete slabs with embedded tubular PZT transducers for damage detection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Weihang; Huo, Linsheng; Li, Hongnan; Song, Gangbing

    2018-02-01

    The objective of this study is to develop a new concept and methodology of smart concrete slab (SCS) with embedded tubular lead zirconate titanate transducer array for image based damage detection. Stress waves, as the detecting signals, are generated by the embedded tubular piezoceramic transducers in the SCS. Tubular piezoceramic transducers are used due to their capacity of generating radially uniform stress waves in a two-dimensional concrete slab (such as bridge decks and walls), increasing the monitoring range. A circular type delay-and-sum (DAS) imaging algorithm is developed to image the active acoustic sources based on the direct response received by each sensor. After the scattering signals from the damage are obtained by subtracting the baseline response of the concrete structures from those of the defective ones, the elliptical type DAS imaging algorithm is employed to process the scattering signals and reconstruct the image of the damage. Finally, two experiments, including active acoustic source monitoring and damage imaging for concrete structures, are carried out to illustrate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  14. 78 FR 77420 - Certain Oil Country Tubular Goods From the Republic of Turkey: Preliminary Negative...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-12-23

    ..., the Republic of the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, the Republic of Turkey, Ukraine, and... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-489-817] Certain Oil Country Tubular... provided to producers and exporters of certain oil tubular goods (OCTG) from the Republic of Turkey (Turkey...

  15. Caracterização de neossolos regolíticos da região semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Cheyson Barros dos Santos

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Estudos de caracterização de solos em regiões ainda pouco exploradas, além de disponibilizarem e ampliarem a base de informações sobre as mais distintas ordens de solos do território nacional, também permitem sistematizar informações sobre suas propriedades, que poderão servir de subsídio para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo e uso sustentável das terras. Entre os principais solos recorrentes na região semiárida pernambucana, destacam-se os Neossolos Regolíticos, os quais perfazem aproximadamente 27 % da superfície do Estado e recobrem importantes áreas voltadas à produção agrícola, especialmente à agricultura familiar. Considerando a possibilidade de ocorrência de Neossolos Regolíticos com distintas propriedades físicas, químicas ou mineralógicas, em razão da existência de distintos contextos geológicos e climáticos ao longo do Estado de Pernambuco, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar física, química e mineralogicamente Neossolos Regolíticos ao longo da região semiárida do Estado de Pernambuco, bem como relacionar os solos com sua litologia. Para isso, foram selecionados cinco perfis de Neossolos Regolíticos em diversos municípios do Estado de Pernambuco (P1=São Caetano, P2=Lagoa do Ouro, P3=Caetés, P4=São João e P5=Parnamirim. Os perfis foram descritos morfologicamente, coletando-se amostras de todos os horizontes do solo e da rocha do embasamento. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas para fins de classificação de solos, análises mineralógicas das frações grossas (cascalho e areia por microscopia óptica e das frações silte e argila por difração de raios X, além de análises petrográficas das amostras de rochas. De acordo com os resultados, observou-se a ocorrência de solos semelhantes e com pequeno grau de desenvolvimento pedogenético, variando de medianamente a muito profundos, com sequência de horizontes A-AC-C e Cr e textura arenosa a média. Dois

  16. A formação de Licenciados em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias: o conhecimento e suas conexões

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antonio de Moraes

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413683Este trabalho visa identificar os perfis de formação dos licenciados de Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias e os objetivos dos cursos que formam estes profissionais no Brasil. Neste estudo exploratório, os dados foram coletados através da Internet no site do MEC e das Instituições de Ensino Superior. O perfil geralmente proposto na formação do professor em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrícolas é amplo, com atuação em diferentes campos das Ciências Agrárias com finalidades econômicas, mas com atenção às questões sócio-políticas e culturais presentes no meio rural brasileiro. Percebe-se a intenção de formar licenciados que atendam alguns aspectos ou demandas regionais e que estejam preparados para as questões da atualidade. Destaca-se a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de algumas competências importantes na formação do profissional que irá atuar na educação escolar.

  17. Renal tubular dysfunction in pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Ahmadzadeh

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available To evaluate the prevalence of renal tubular dysfunction in children with β-thalassemia (β-T major, we studied the glomerular and tubular function in 140 children with β-T major and compared them to a healthy control group at our center from May 2007 to April 2008. Fresh first morning samples were collected from each patient and analyzed for sodium, potassium, calcium (Ca, protein, uric acid (UA, creatinine (Cr, urine osmolality and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG activity. Blood samples were also collected for complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN, fasting blood sugar, serum creatinine (SCr, electrolytes, and ferritin before transfusion. Among the study patients, 72 were males, and the mean age was 11.5 (ranging 7-16 years. SCr levels were all within normal limits and all of them had normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR. The mean UNAG was 17.8 IU/L in the study patients (normal 0.15-11.5 IU/L and 3.2 IU/L in the control group (P 0.21 (P = 0.006. Nine (6.4% thalassemic patients with a mean age of 12 years had proteinuria (Upr/UCr > 0.2. Sixty-nine (49.3% out of the 140 patients and 45 (65.2% of the patients having UNAG had uricosuria also (UUA/UCr > 0.26. Ten (7% patients had microscopic hematuria and 10 (7% patients with a mean age of 13.5 years had glucosuria or diabetes mellitus. We conclude that tubular dysfunction is a relative common complication of the β-T major; UNAG and its index are the best to detect renal tubular dysfunction in these patients. Currently, periodic measurement of UCa/UCr and UUA/UCr ratios as well as urinalysis are recommended.

  18. Fracionamento do alumínio por técnicas de dissoluções seletivas em espodossolos da planície costeira do Estado de São Paulo Fractionation of aluminum by selective dissolution techniques of soils on the São Paulo State sandy coastal plain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maurício Rizzato Coelho

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Apesar das modernas e sofisticadas técnicas disponíveis, procedimentos de extração seletiva ainda são de considerável valor para a caracterização dos solos e para o entendimento dos processos pedogenéticos, sobretudo em ambientes e solos pouco estudados, como as restingas e os Espodossolos no Brasil. A aplicação dessas técnicas - a maioria rotineiramente utilizada para a caracterização de horizontes espódicos e Espodossolos - a um conjunto expressivo de horizontes e perfis em cronossequências é inédita para esses ambientes e possibilitou estabelecer comparações com aqueles intensivamente estudados sob clima temperado ou boreal. Apesar das reconhecidas limitações dos procedimentos analíticos de dissolução seletiva, os aqui utilizados foram relativamente efetivos, o que possiblitou discriminar horizontes, inferir componentes mineralógicos e discutir processos atuantes no conjunto de horizontes e de perfis analisados. Estes se situam nos municípios de Bertioga, Cananeia e Ilha Comprida (SP, onde foram descritos e amostrados 31 perfis representativos de solos sob vegetação de restinga. Entre os resultados encontrados, destacam-se: NaOH 0,5 mol L-1 em temperatura ambiente extraiu, em média, 22 a 30 % mais Al (Al n que os reagentes ditionito-citrato (Al d, oxalato (Al o e pirofosfato (Al p para todo o conjunto de amostras. Em alguns horizontes espódicos bem drenados (Bs, Bhs, Bh e Bsm, o pH e as interações entre as diferentes técnicas (Al n-Al o, Al o-Al p, Al p/Al o e Al p/Al d sugerem a formação e manutenção de compostos inorgânicos amorfos de Al em detrimento da total complexação do elemento à matéria orgânica iluviada. Esta última forma de Al predomina nos Espodossolos Hidromórficos.In spite of modern and sophisticated techniques, procedures of selective dissolution are still of considerable value for soil characterization and to the understanding of the pedogenetic process, especially environments and

  19. Heterogeneidade nas estratégias de leitura/escrita em crianças com dificuldades de leitura e escrita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salles, Jerusa Fumagalli de

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available As características das dificuldades de leitura e escrita em crianças variam conforme o sistema de escrita na qual estão sendo alfabetizadas. Este estudo visa analisar as estratégias de leitura e escrita de palavras de crianças de 2ª série com dificuldade de leitura e escrita (n = 14, comparando-as às de 2ª série competentes na leitura e escrita (n = 15 e às de crianças de 1ª série (n = 9, emparelhadas pelo desempenho na leitura e escrita de palavras. Nas crianças de 2ª série com dificuldade de leitura e escrita foram encontradas dissociações duplas na leitura (os leitores preferencialmente fonológicos e os preferencialmente lexicais e simples na escrita (escritores preferencialmente fonológicos. Além disso, houve casos em que ambas rotas estavam deficitárias. Considerando a semelhança de perfis entre os casos de 1ª série e de 2ª série com dificuldade de leitura e escrita, estes últimos podem estar apresentando atraso de desenvolvimento de leitura e escrita

  20. Effect of cisplatin on renal haemodynamics and tubular function in the dog kidney

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Daugaard, G; Abildgaard, U; Holstein-Rathlou, N H

    1987-01-01

    Administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) to dogs results in polyuric renal failure due initially to a proximal tubular functional impairment. 48-72 h after the cisplatin administration the depressed renal function can be attributed to impairment of proximal as well as distal tubular reabsorptive cap...... capacities associated with increased renal vascular resistance. The polyuria seems to be due to the impaired reabsorption rate in the distal nephron segments....

  1. Evacuated, displacement compression mold. [of tubular bodies from thermosetting plastics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heier, W. C. (Inventor)

    1974-01-01

    A process of molding long thin-wall tubular bodies from thermosetting plastic molding compounds is described wherein the tubular body lengths may be several times the diameters. The process is accomplished by loading a predetermined quantity of molding compound into a female mold cavity closed at one end by a force mandrel. After closing the other end of the female mold with a balance mandrel, the loaded cavity is evacuated by applying a vacuum of from one-to-five mm pressure for a period of fifteen-to-thirty minutes. The mold temperature is raised to the minimum temperature at which the resin constituent of the compound will soften or plasticize and a pressure of 2500 psi is applied.

  2. Luminous effectiveness of tubular light-guides in tropics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Darula, Stanislav; Kittler, Richard; Kocifaj, Miroslav [ICA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9, Dubravska Road, 845 03 Bratislava (Slovakia)

    2010-11-15

    Novel tubular light-guides with a transparent hemispherical cupola placed on an unobstructed flat roof collect all sunlight and skylight available at ground level year round. This advantage is heightened in the dry and sunny tropical regions where the sun rises to very high altitudes and often the hours of sunshine last throughout the whole day. Hollow light-guides with very high inner specular reflectances can transport sunbeams downward into the windowless building core very effectively. Due to the tube's diameter and length and multiple reflections, complex illuminance patterns are produced on the underside of the tube, i.e. on top of the glazed ceiling aperture that illuminates the interior space or its working plane. This paper discusses several daylight conditions in tropical interiors illuminated by tubular light-guides. The recently published HOLIGILM calculation program and the user-friendly tool HOLIGILM 4.2 have facilitated the production of this paper. (author)

  3. Characterization of Foam Catalysts as Packing for Tubular Reactors.

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Lali, Farzad

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 105, JUL 2016 (2016), s. 1-9 ISSN 0255-2701 Institutional support: RVO:67985858 Keywords : overall mass transfer * foam catalyst * tubular reactor Subject RIV: CI - Industrial Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Impact factor: 2.234, year: 2016

  4. Species diversity regarding the presence of proximal tubular progenitor cells of the kidney

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Hansson

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available The cellular source for tubular regeneration following kidney injury is a matter of dispute, with reports suggesting a stem or progenitor cells as the regeneration source while linage tracing studies in mice seemingly favor the classical theory, where regeneration is performed by randomly surviving cells. We, and others have previously described a scattered cell population localized to the tubules of human kidney, which increases in number following injury. Here we have characterized the species distribution of these proximal tubular progenitor cells (PTPCs in kidney tissue from chimpanzee, pig, rat and mouse using a set of human PTPC markers. We detected PTPCs in chimpanzee and pig kidneys, but not in mouse tissue. Also, subjecting mice to the unilateral urethral obstruction model, caused clear signs of tubular injury, but failed to induce the PTPC phenotype in renal tubules.

  5. 76 FR 39071 - Certain Oil Country Tubular Goods From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-05

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-570-944] Certain Oil Country Tubular... administrative review of the countervailing duty order on certain oil country tubular goods (``OCTG'') from the... subject to administrative protective order (``APO'') of their responsibility concerning the disposition of...

  6. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF PREFERED SOLUTIONS CHOICE FUNCTION FOR TUBULAR GAS HEATERS BY EXPERIMENTAL INFORMATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BARSUK R. V.

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Annotation. Problems formulation. The article deals with choice functions building of preferred solutions by experimental information for tubular gas heater working on fuel granules - pellets.Further choice functions using for making technical solutions by tubular gas heaters construction and designing. Recently research analysis. There are works about choice functions construction by separate presents are examined. But full chose functions building by separate presents are not examined. Aims and tasks. There are setting aim to develop full choice functions mathematical model on separate presents by authors. The expert are connect to primary experimental data’s evaluation that estimates separate results by output functions (criteria. Its evaluations issue in experimental points paired comparison’s table form. Thus, there are necessary construct binary choice relations presents on experimental “points” set by expert that then using for full choice function’s constructing. Conclusions. There are choice function’s construction’s sequence are sets. There are posed point comparison results that characterized tubular gas heater’s condition with expert’s evaluation using. Also posed output functions comparisons by which can be characterized improving tubular gas heater’s performance or vice versa.

  7. Tubularized incised plate technique for recurrent hypospadias: a ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    management of recurrent hypospadias. Summary background ... The potential advantages of tubularized incised plate .... after a mean duration of 4.9 ± 3.1 years from the previous repair (Table 2). .... erection and the risk of infection, especially in patients older than 15 .... However, previous surgery often limits the availability ...

  8. Increase of efficiency of plant materials heat treatment in tubular reactors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. V. Golubkovich

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In agriculture products of pyrolysis of plant materials in the form of waste of the main production can be applied as a source of heat and electric power. Besides, their use prevents ecological pollution of the soil and the atmosphere. Pyrolysis plants can be used for work with tubular reactors anywhere. Due to them farmers can dry grain, using waste heat of diesel generators, heatgenerators, boiler plants and receiving thus gaseous products, liquid and firm fractions. A technology based on cyclic and continuous plant mass movement by a piston in a pipe from a loading site to a place of unloading of a firm phase consistently through cameras of drying, pyrolysis, condensation of gaseous products. Exhaust furnace gases with a temperature up to 600 degrees Celsius are given countercurrent material movement from a power equipment. The gaseous, liquid and firm products from the pyrolysis camera are used for heat and electric power generation. Calculation of parameters of subdrying and pyrolysis cameras is necessary for effective and steady operation of the tubular reactor. The authors determined the speed of raw materials movement, and also duration of drying and pyrolysis in working chambers. An analysis of a simplified mathematical model of process was confirmed with results of experiments. Models of heat treatment of wet plant materials in tubular reactors are worked out on a basis of equality of speeds of material movement in the reactor and distribution of a temperature front in material on radius. The authors defined estimated characteristic for determination of tubular reactor productivity and size of heat, required for drying and pyrolysis.

  9. Nonimaging secondary concentrators for large rim angle parabolic troughs with tubular absorbers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ries, H; Spirkl, W

    1996-05-01

    For parabolic trough solar collectors with tubular absorbers, we design new tailored secondary concentrators. The design is applicable for any rim angle of a parabolic reflector. With the secondary, the concentration can be increased by a factor of more than 2 with a compact secondary reflector consisting of a single piece, even for the important case of a rim angle of 90 deg. The parabolic reflector can be used without changes; the reduced absorber is still tubular but smaller than the original absorber and slightly displaced toward the primary.

  10. Distal renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemic paralysis in a patient with hypothyroidism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Parvaiz Ahmad Koul

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available A 43- year- old woman on treatment for primary hypothyroidism presented with 1- day progressive weakness of all her limbs and history of similar episodes in the past. Clinical examination revealed grade 2 hyporeflexive weakness. Investigations revealed features of hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, alkaline urine, and a fractional bicarbonate excretion of 3.5%, consistent with distal renal tubular acidosis. Antithyroid peroxidase and antithroglobulin antibodies were positive, suggesting an autoimmune basis for the pathogenesis of the functional tubular defect. Bicarbonate therapy resulted in a sustained clinical recovery.

  11. Tubular forms of papova viruses in human laryngeal papilloma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arnold, W

    1979-01-01

    In two cases of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis tubular forms of papova viruses could be observed. The same material revealed the close relation between nuclear chromatine and the release of particles, as well as a capsomere like substructure of the virions.

  12. In vivo antibody-mediated modulation of aminopeptidase A in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mentzel, S; Dijkman, H B; van Son, J P; Wetzels, J F; Assmann, K J

    1999-07-01

    Aminopeptidase A (APA) is one of the many renal hydrolases. In mouse kidney, APA is predominantly expressed on the brush borders and sparsely on the basolateral membranes of proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, when large amounts of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against APA were injected into mice, we observed strong binding of the MAbs to the basolateral membranes, whereas the MAbs bound only transiently to the brush borders of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. In parallel, APA itself disappeared from the brush borders by both endocytosis and shedding, whereas it was increasingly expressed on the basolateral sides. Using ultrastructural immunohistology, we found no evidence for transcellular transport of endocytosed APA to the basolateral side of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The absence of transcellular transport was confirmed by experiments in which we used a low dose of the MAbs. Such a low dose did not result in binding of the MAbs to the brush borders and had no effect on the presence of APA in the brush borders of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. In these experiments we still could observe binding of the MAbs to the basolateral membranes in parallel with the local appearance of APA. In addition, treatment of mice with chlorpromazine, a calmodulin antagonist that interferes with cytoskeletal function, largely inhibited the MAb-induced modulation of APA. Our studies suggest that injection of MAbs to APA specifically interrupts the normal intracellular traffic of this enzyme in proximal tubular epithelial cells. This intracellular transport is dependent on the action of cytoskeletal proteins.

  13. Tubular closure mechanism

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalen, D.D.; Mitchem, J.W.

    1981-01-01

    An apparatus is provided for closing the bore of a tube and releasably securing articles within the tube under longitudinal load. A latching member has a cylindrical section and several circumferentially-spaced elongated latches hanging down from one end of the cylinder. An elongated actuator has integral cam and spline and is partly located within the latch with the cam radially contacting the latches and the spline projecting into the circumferential spaces between the latches. The actuator is axially movable between a position in which the latches are locked to the tube walls and a position in which the latches are secured from contact with the tube walls. Means are provided for axially moving the actuator such that the cam positions the latches; and means are also provided for engaging the articles within the tube. The closure is particularly applicable to tubular irradiation surveillance specimen assembly holders used in reactors

  14. Avaliação de água de poços tubulares para consumo humano no Município de Boa Vista, Paraíba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Débora Samara Cruz Rocha Farias

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Na Região do Semiárido nordestino a diminuição da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos superficiais tem levado a população da zona rural a buscar, nos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, a solução de seus problemas de abastecimento, o que tem acarretado um crescimento no número de perfurações de poços tubulares profundos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de águas utilizadas para consumo humano em áreas rurais da região de Boa Vista, Paraíba. As amostras de água foram coletadas em poços tubulares, em dois períodos: 4º trimestre de 2014 e 2º trimestre de 2015. As variáveis avaliadas foram: pH, CE, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3 -, Cl, alcalinidade e dureza total e SDT. Das águas analisadas 94,55% são consideradas salgadas nas duas amostragens. Em sua maioria os teores de dureza, alcalinidade, cloreto, magnésio, sódio e potássio estão fora do limite estabelecido pela Portaria vigente no país. Com relação ao pH, as amostras se encontram dentro do padrão normal.Water quality for human consumption in rural communities in the municipality of Boa Vista, state ParaíbaAbstract: In the semi-arid northeastern region of decreasing availability of surface water resources has led to population from the countryside to look for underground water resources to solve their supply problems, which has led to an increase in the number of deep wells drilling. The study aimed to assess the quality of water used for human consumption in rural areas of the region Boa Vista, Paraíba. Water samples were collected from wells in two periods: 4th quarter 2014 and 2nd quarter of 2015. The variables evaluated were: pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3-, Cl, alkalinity and total hardness and TDS. 94.55% of the analyzed waters are considered cured in the two sampling. Mostly hardness levels, alkalinity, chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium are beyond the limit set by current Ordinance in the country. Regarding the pH samples are within the normal pattern.

  15. Characterization of Chiral Carbonaceous Nanotubes Prepared from Four Coiled Tubular 4,4'-biphenylene-silica Nanoribbons

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shuwei Lin

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Four dipeptides derived from phenylalanine were synthesized, which can self-assemble into twisted nanoribbon in deionized water. The handedness of the organic self-assemblies was controlled by the chirality of the phenylalanine at the terminals. Coiled 4,4'-biphenylene bridged polybissilsesquioxane tubular nanoribbons were prepared using the organic self-assemblies as the templates. The circular dichroism spectra indicated that the biphenylene rings preferred to twist in one-handedness within the walls of the samples. After carbonization and removal of silica, single-handed coiled carbonaceous tubular nanoribbons were obtained. The Raman spectra indicated that the carbon was amorphous. The diffuse reflectance circular dichroism spectra indicated the tubular carbonaceous nanoribbons exhibited optical activity.

  16. Hot Firing of a Full Scale Copper Tubular Combustion Chamber

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cooley, C

    2002-01-01

    This paper describes the chamber design and hot firing test results for a full-scale copper tubular combustion chamber that has future application in a high-thrust, upper-stage expander cycle engine...

  17. Modeling of Unidirectional-Overloaded Transition in Catalytic Tubular Microjets

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Klingner, Anke; Khalil, Islam S. M.; Magdanz, Veronika; Fomin, Vladimir M.; Schmidt, Oliver G.; Misra, Sarthak

    2017-01-01

    A numerical time-resolved model is presented for predicting the transition between unidirectional and overloaded motion of catalytic tubular microjets (Ti/Fe/Pt rolled-up microtubes) in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. Unidirectional movement is achieved by periodic ejection of gas bubbles

  18. Torsional stresses in the transverse fillet weld tubular joints

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Gunay, D.; Aydemir, A.; Özer, H.

    1996-01-01

    Torsional stresses, 'tre and tel , in tbe transverse fillet tubular weld joint subjected to torsional load have been analyzed by the finite element method using triangular and quadrilateral izoparametric axisymmetric fourier type torus finite elements. There is an axisymmetry with respect to

  19. Rocket-inspired tubular catalytic microjets with grating-structured walls as guiding empennages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Gaoshan; Wang, Jiyuan; Liu, Zhaoqian; Zhou, Dekai; Tian, Ziao; Xu, Borui; Li, Longqiu; Mei, Yongfeng

    2017-12-07

    Controllable locomotion in the micro-/nanoscale is challenging and attracts increasing research interest. Tubular microjets self-propelled by microbubbles are intensively investigated due to their high energy conversion efficiency, but the imperfection of the tubular geometry makes it harder to realize linear motion. Inspired by the macro rocket, we designed a tubular microjet with a grating-structured wall which mimics the guiding empennage of the macro rocket, and we found that the fluid can be effectively guided by the grooves. Both theoretical simulation and experimental work have been carried out, and the obtained results demonstrate that the stability margin of the grating-structured microjet can be enhanced. Compared with microjets with smooth walls, the structured microjets show an enhanced ability of moving linearly. In 10% H 2 O 2 , only 20% of the smooth microjets demonstrate linear trajectories, while 80% of the grating-structured microjets keep moving straight. The grating-structured microjet can maintain linear motion under external disturbance. We further propose to increase the stability by introducing a helical grating structure.

  20. Connecting small ligands to generate large tubular metal-organic architectures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goforth, Andrea M.; Su, Cheng-Yong; Hipp, Rachael; Macquart, Rene B.; Smith, Mark D.; Loye, Hans-Conrad zur

    2005-01-01

    The new metal-organic framework materials, ZnF(Am 2 TAZ).solvents and ZnF(TAZ).solvents (Am 2 TAZ=3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, TAZ=1,2,4-triazole), have been synthesized solvothermally and structurally characterized by either Rietveld refinement from powder XRD data or by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The three-dimensional structures of the compounds display open-ended, tubular channels, which are constituted of covalently bonded hexanuclear metallamacrocycles (Zn 6 F 6 (ligand) 6 ). The tubular channels are subsequently covalently joined into a honeycomb-like hexagonal array to generate the three-dimensional porous framework. In the case of ZnF(Am 2 TAZ).solvents, hydrophilic -NH 2 groups point into the channels, effectively reducing their inner diameter relative to ZnF(TAZ).solvents. The present compounds are isostructural to one another and to the previously reported ZnF(AmTAZ).solvents (AmTAZ=3-amino-1,2,4-triazole), illustrative of the fact that the internal size and chemical properties of the framework may be altered by modification of the small, heterocyclic ligand. In addition to demonstrating the ability to modify the basic framework, ZnF(TAZ).solvents and ZnF(Am 2 TAZ).solvents are two of the most thermally stable coordination frameworks known to date. - Graphical abstract: Top view of the open-ended, honeycomb tubular architecture of ZnF(Am 2 TAZ)

  1. Nitrogen- and oxygen-enriched carbon with square tubular structure prepared from polyaniline as electrode for supercapacitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xiang, X.; Liu, E.; Wu, Y.; Tian, Y.; Xie, H.; Wu, Z.; Zhu, Y. [Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan (China)

    2012-10-15

    Square tubular carbon with a large number of surface functional groups are prepared by carbonizing and activating polyaniline, which are synthesized by polymerization of aniline with a template-free self-assembly method in aqueous media. The physicochemical properties of the square tubular carbon is characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. When used as an electrode, the square tubular carbon exhibit a specific capacitance of 223 F g{sup -1} at a scan rate of 2 mV s{sup -1}, which could still stay over 90% when the scan rate increased by 10 times. The specific capacitance even hardly decrease at a current density of 3 A g{sup -1} after 10,000 cycles, which indicates that the square tubular carbon have good cycle durability and may be a promising candidate as an electrode for supercapacitors. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  2. Preparation of β-cyclodextrin-gold nanoparticles modified open tubular column for capillary electrochromatographic separation of chiral drugs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Li; Jiang, Shenmeng; Zhang, Xue; Fang, Linlin; Guo, Xingjie

    2018-04-01

    In this paper, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated open tubular column (OT column) was prepared for capillary electrochromatography. The open tubular column was constructed through self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) prederivatized capillary and subsequent modification of thiols β-cyclodextrin (SH-β-CD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the prepared open tubular column and synthesized gold nanoparticles. By comparing different coating times of gold nanoparticles and thiols β-cyclodextrin, we got the optimal conditions for preparing the open tubular column. Also, the separation parameters were optimized including buffer pH, buffer concentration and applied voltage. Separation effectiveness of open tubular column was verified by the separation of four pairs of drug enantiomers including bifonazole, fexofenadine, omeprazole and lansoprazole, and satisfactory separation results were achieved for these analytes studied. In addition, the column showed good stability and repeatability. The relative standard deviation values less than 5% were obtained through intra-day, inter-day, and column-to-column investigations. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  3. Renal tubular dysfunction presenting as recurrent hypokalemic periodic quadriparesis in systemic lupus erythematosus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D Prasad

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We report recurrent hypokalemic periodic quadriparesis in a 30-year-old woman. Patient had also symptoms of multiple large and small joint pain, recurrent oral ulceration, photosensitivity and hair loss that were persisting since last 6 months and investigations revealed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE with distal tubular acidosis. Our patient was successfully treated with oral potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, hydroxychloroquine and a short course of steroids. Thus, tubular dysfunction should be carefully assessed in patients with SLE.

  4. Radiologic findings of tubular adenoma of the breast

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jeong, Mi Gyoung; Oh, Ki Keun [Yonsei Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    1996-10-01

    Tubular adenoma (TA) is known as a rare lesion of the breast which is difficult to diagnosis preoperatively because of its rarity and similarity to fibroadenoma. Hence, our purpose is to suggest the characteristic sonographic features for its correct diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and mammographic and sonographic findings. of seven patients(mean age, 23) who during the previous five years had presented at our hospital with pathologically-proven tubular adenoma. TA was misdiagnosed as fibroadenoma, since on physical examination of these young females, the lesions presented a palpable, non-tender mass. Mammographically, they showed a well defined mass similar to fibroadenoma. However, sonographic findings were characteristic of TA and compared to fibroadenoma, showed a well demarcated and smooth bordered mass with transverse long axis, posterior enhancement and homogeneous lower internal echogenecity. No case showed lateral wall refractive shadowing. In young females, the clinical and mammographic findings of TA are similar to those of fibroadenoma. However, sonographic findings of TA can, be helpful in the differential diagnosis of this entity and fibroadenoma.

  5. Radiologic findings of tubular adenoma of the breast

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeong, Mi Gyoung; Oh, Ki Keun

    1996-01-01

    Tubular adenoma (TA) is known as a rare lesion of the breast which is difficult to diagnosis preoperatively because of its rarity and similarity to fibroadenoma. Hence, our purpose is to suggest the characteristic sonographic features for its correct diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and mammographic and sonographic findings. of seven patients(mean age, 23) who during the previous five years had presented at our hospital with pathologically-proven tubular adenoma. TA was misdiagnosed as fibroadenoma, since on physical examination of these young females, the lesions presented a palpable, non-tender mass. Mammographically, they showed a well defined mass similar to fibroadenoma. However, sonographic findings were characteristic of TA and compared to fibroadenoma, showed a well demarcated and smooth bordered mass with transverse long axis, posterior enhancement and homogeneous lower internal echogenecity. No case showed lateral wall refractive shadowing. In young females, the clinical and mammographic findings of TA are similar to those of fibroadenoma. However, sonographic findings of TA can, be helpful in the differential diagnosis of this entity and fibroadenoma

  6. Preparation and characterization of coaxial halloysite/polypyrrole tubular nanocomposites for electrochemical energy storage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang Chao; Liu Peng; Zhao Yongqing

    2010-01-01

    Halloysite nanotubes/polypyrrole (HNTs/PPy) nanocomposites with coaxial tubular morphology for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors were synthesized by the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method based on self-assembled monolayer amine-functionalized HNTs. The HNTs/PPy coaxial tubular nanocomposites were characterized with transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electrical conductivity measurement at different temperatures, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The coaxial tubular nanocomposites showed their greatest conductivity at room temperature and a weak temperature dependence of the conductivity from 298 K to 423 K. A maximum discharge capacity of 522 F/g after correcting for the weight percent of the PPy phase at a current density of 5 mA cm -2 in a 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte could be achieved in a half-cell setup configuration for the HNTs/PPy composites electrode, suggesting its potential application in electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors.

  7. Preparation and characterization of coaxial halloysite/polypyrrole tubular nanocomposites for electrochemical energy storage

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang Chao [State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Liu Peng, E-mail: pliu@lzu.edu.c [State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Zhao Yongqing [State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou 730000 (China)

    2010-09-01

    Halloysite nanotubes/polypyrrole (HNTs/PPy) nanocomposites with coaxial tubular morphology for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors were synthesized by the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method based on self-assembled monolayer amine-functionalized HNTs. The HNTs/PPy coaxial tubular nanocomposites were characterized with transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electrical conductivity measurement at different temperatures, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The coaxial tubular nanocomposites showed their greatest conductivity at room temperature and a weak temperature dependence of the conductivity from 298 K to 423 K. A maximum discharge capacity of 522 F/g after correcting for the weight percent of the PPy phase at a current density of 5 mA cm{sup -2} in a 0.5 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} electrolyte could be achieved in a half-cell setup configuration for the HNTs/PPy composites electrode, suggesting its potential application in electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors.

  8. Engineering tubular bone using mesenchymal stem cell sheets and coral particles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Geng, Wenxin [Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, No.229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069 (China); Ma, Dongyang [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, BinHe 333 South Road, Lanzhou 730052 (China); Yan, Xingrong; Liu, Liangqi; Cui, Jihong; Xie, Xin; Li, Hongmin [Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, No.229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069 (China); Chen, Fulin, E-mail: chenfl@nwu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, No.229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069 (China)

    2013-04-19

    Highlights: • We developed a novel engineering strategy to solve the limitations of bone grafts. • We fabricated tubular constructs using cell sheets and coral particles. • The composite constructs showed high radiological density and compressive strength. • These characteristics were similar to those of native bone. -- Abstract: The development of bone tissue engineering has provided new solutions for bone defects. However, the cell-scaffold-based approaches currently in use have several limitations, including low cell seeding rates and poor bone formation capacity. In the present study, we developed a novel strategy to engineer bone grafts using mesenchymal stem cell sheets and coral particles. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were continuously cultured to form a cell sheet with osteogenic potential and coral particles were integrated into the sheet. The composite sheet was then wrapped around a cylindrical mandrel to fabricate a tubular construct. The resultant tubular construct was cultured in a spinner-flask bioreactor and subsequently implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in a nude mouse for assessment of its histological characteristics, radiological density and mechanical property. A similar construct assembled from a cell sheet alone acted as a control. In vitro observations demonstrated that the composite construct maintained its tubular shape, and exhibited higher radiological density, compressive strength and greater extracellular matrix deposition than did the control construct. In vivo experiments further revealed that new bone formed ectopically on the composite constructs, so that the 8-week explants of the composite sheets displayed radiological density similar to that of native bone. These results indicate that the strategy of using a combination of a cell sheet and coral particles has great potential for bone tissue engineering and repairing bone defects.

  9. Engineering tubular bone using mesenchymal stem cell sheets and coral particles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Geng, Wenxin; Ma, Dongyang; Yan, Xingrong; Liu, Liangqi; Cui, Jihong; Xie, Xin; Li, Hongmin; Chen, Fulin

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • We developed a novel engineering strategy to solve the limitations of bone grafts. • We fabricated tubular constructs using cell sheets and coral particles. • The composite constructs showed high radiological density and compressive strength. • These characteristics were similar to those of native bone. -- Abstract: The development of bone tissue engineering has provided new solutions for bone defects. However, the cell-scaffold-based approaches currently in use have several limitations, including low cell seeding rates and poor bone formation capacity. In the present study, we developed a novel strategy to engineer bone grafts using mesenchymal stem cell sheets and coral particles. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were continuously cultured to form a cell sheet with osteogenic potential and coral particles were integrated into the sheet. The composite sheet was then wrapped around a cylindrical mandrel to fabricate a tubular construct. The resultant tubular construct was cultured in a spinner-flask bioreactor and subsequently implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in a nude mouse for assessment of its histological characteristics, radiological density and mechanical property. A similar construct assembled from a cell sheet alone acted as a control. In vitro observations demonstrated that the composite construct maintained its tubular shape, and exhibited higher radiological density, compressive strength and greater extracellular matrix deposition than did the control construct. In vivo experiments further revealed that new bone formed ectopically on the composite constructs, so that the 8-week explants of the composite sheets displayed radiological density similar to that of native bone. These results indicate that the strategy of using a combination of a cell sheet and coral particles has great potential for bone tissue engineering and repairing bone defects

  10. Some asymptotic properties of functions holomorphic in tubular domains

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zavialov, B.I.

    1988-10-01

    For the function holomorphic in curved tubular domain the connection between asymptotic behaviour of real part of its boundary value at a given point of base manifold and asymptotic behaviour of the whole function from the inside of this domain is studied. (author). 3 refs

  11. The urinary excretion of metformin, ceftizoxime and ofloxacin in high serum creatinine rats: Can creatinine predict renal tubular elimination?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Yan-Rong; Zhou, Yan; Huang, Jing; Qin, Hong-Yan; Wang, Pei; Wu, Xin-An

    2018-03-01

    The renal excretion of creatinine and most drugs are the net result of glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, and their tubular secretions are mediated by individual transporters. Thus, we hypothesized that the increase of serum creatinine (SCr) levels attributing to inhibiting tubular transporters but not glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could be used to evaluate the tubular excretion of drugs mediated by identical or partial overlap transporter with creatinine. In this work, we firstly developed the creatinine excretion inhibition model with normal GFR by competitively inhibiting tubular transporters, and investigated the renal excretion of metformin, ceftizoxime and ofloxacin in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the 24-hour urinary excretion of metformin and ceftizoxime in model rats were decreased by 25% and 17% compared to that in control rats, respectively. The uptake amount and urinary excretion of metformin and ceftizoxime could be inhibited by creatinine in renal cortical slices and isolated kidney perfusion. However, the urinary excretion of ofloxacin was not affected by high SCr. These results showed that the inhibition of tubular creatinine transporters by high SCr resulted to the decrease of urinary excretion of metformin and ceftizoxime, but not ofloxacin, which implied that the increase of SCr could also be used to evaluate the tubular excretion of drugs mediated by identical or partial overlap transporter with creatinine in normal GFR rats. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Strength characterization of tubular ceramic materials by flexure of semi-cylindrical specimens

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kwok, Kawai; Kiesel, Lutz; Frandsen, Henrik Lund

    2014-01-01

    Mechanical strength at elevated temperatures and operating atmospheres needs to be characterized during development of tubular ceramic components for advanced energy technologies. Typical procedures are time-consuming because a large number of tests are required for a reliable statistical strength...... characterization and every specimen has to be subjected to the process conditions individually. This paper presents an efficient strength characterization methodology for tubular ceramics. The methodology employs flexure of semi-cylindrical specimens as the strength test and implements the tests within a facility...... conducted on oxygen transport membrane materials at room temperature and 850°C....

  13. TUBULAR DISORDERS WITH RICKETS-LIKE SYNDROME

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N.N. Kartamysheva

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Often under the guise of «ordinary» Rickets are more severe kidney diseases, developing as a result of inherited or acquired, primary or secondary defects in the renal tubules. Incorrect diagnosis leads to an inadequate therapy, rapid progression of disease and renal failure. The article describes the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of tubular rachitis similar syndrome, presents a number of clinical cases in author's practice.Key words: tubulopathy, acidosis, electrolyte disorders, rickets, rickets-like syndrome, diagnostics, treatment, children.

  14. Cultivation of micro-algae in closed tubular reactor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gudin, C.; Bernard, A.; Chaumont, D.

    1983-11-01

    A description is presented of the three culture pilot utilities in activity under natural light, including glass tubular solar collector (30 mm diameter) in which the microalgae culture circulates. The utility is controled automatically (thermal regulation, gaseous transfers, continuous culture organization). The tests were conducted for the production of polysaccharides (Porphyridium cruentum, chlamydomonas mexicana) or hydrocarbons (Botriococcus braunii).

  15. A narrow open tubular column for high efficiency liquid chromatographic separation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Huang; Yang, Yu; Qiao, Zhenzhen; Xiang, Piliang; Ren, Jiangtao; Meng, Yunzhu; Zhang, Kaiqi; Juan Lu, Joann; Liu, Shaorong

    2018-04-30

    We report a great feature of open tubular liquid chromatography when it is run using an extremely narrow (e.g., 2 μm inner diameter) open tubular column: more than 10 million plates per meter can be achieved in less than 10 min and under an elution pressure of ca. 20 bar. The column is coated with octadecylsilane and both isocratic and gradient separations are performed. We reveal a focusing effect that may be used to interpret the efficiency enhancement. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique for separating complex peptide samples. This high-resolution and fast separation technique is promising and can lead to a powerful tool for trace sample analysis.

  16. Tubular bending and pull-out forces in high-curvature well bores

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dareing, D.W.; Ahlers, C.A.

    1991-01-01

    This paper is concerned with drag forces developed on tubulars in high-curvature well bores typically found in drainhole and horizontal drilling. The dog-leg severity of these types of boreholes are considerably higher than those typically found in conventional directional drilling. The objective of the study was to determine the significance of bending stiffness on drag forces in the pull-out mode. The method of analysis treats the tubular as a multi-spanned curved beam under tension and solves for radial displacements, slope, shear and bending moment over each span. Calculations show that bending stiffness is a minor factor provided there are no locally severe dog legs superimposed in the high-curvature well bore

  17. Seminoma e sertolioma em um cão pseudo-hermafrodita masculino e criptorquida unilateral: comunicação científica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Madureira

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Foi atendido na rotina clínica de um hospital veterinário, um cão, macho, da raça Schnauzer, criptorquida com massa em canal inguinal direito. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico para a retirada da massa, foi encontrada uma formação tubular a qual fazia a ligação entre essa massa e o testículo esquerdo. A análise histopatológica concluiu que a formação tubular tratava-se de tubas uterinas, a massa era o testículo direito com seminoma e sertolioma e o testículo esquerdo apresentava atrofia. A avaliação citogenética revelou cromossomos normais, do sexo masculino, 78, XY concluindo que se tratava de um pseudo-hermafrodita masculino.

  18. Sílica solúvel em solos Soluble silica in soils

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernardo van Raij

    1973-01-01

    Full Text Available Determinou-se a silica solúvel nos horizontes superficial e B2 de 44 perfis de solos do Estado de São Paulo. A extração da silica com solução 0,0025M de cloreto de cálcio evitou a dispersão dos solos e forneceu resultados em média apenas 8% menores do que a silica solúvel em água. Os resultados variaram de 2,2 a 92,2 ppm de SiO2. Verificou-se que, para solos com teores semelhantes de argila, os teores de silica solúvel foram maiores para solos com horizonte B textural, quando comparados com solos de horizonte B latossólico. Dentro dos agrupamentos de solos com horizonte B textural e horizonte B latossólico, os teores de silica solúvel foram maiores para os solos mais argilosos. Não foi observada relação entre silica solúvel e o pH dos solos.The extraction of soluble silica of soils with 0.0025M calcium chloride solution avoided dispersion of clay and results were on the average only 8% lower than water soluble silica. The results for surface and B2 horizons of 44 soil profiles of the State of São Paulo varied between 2.2 and 92.9 ppm of SiO2. For soils with similar clay contents, soluble silica was higher for soil with argillic B horizons as compared with soils with oxic B horizons. Within each group of soils, higher soluble silica results were associated with higher clay contents. Soluble silica apparently was not related to soil pH.

  19. METODOLOGIA PARA MAPEAMENTO DE VULNERABILIDADE COSTEIRA À ELEVAÇÃO DO NÍVEL MÉDIO DO MAR (NMM EM ESCALA LOCAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Soares Teles Santos

    Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta metodologia para mapeamento da vulnerabilidade costeira à elevação do Nível Médio do Mar (NMM em escala local, com estudo de caso na orla marítima da Ilha de Madre de Deus/BA. Essa orla marítima é densamente ocupada por bairros residenciais e instalações da indústria petrolífera. Para isso, foi criado um índice de vulnerabilidade costeira com a combinação de quatro variáveis geológicas (geomorfologia, declividade, elevação e taxa de erosão/acreção na face de praia, determinadas em levantamentos sazonais (verão e inverno de perfis de praia georreferenciados e niveladas em relação ao NMM, e três variáveis de processos físicos costeiros (taxa de elevação do nível médio do mar, altura significativa de onda e amplitude de maré média. O mapa representou a variação da vulnerabilidade relativa ao longo de distintos setores da linha de costa possibilitando identificar a combinação mais crítica das variáveis, ou seja, áreas prioritárias às intervenções antrópicas para redução das vulnerabilidades por meio de estratégias de prevenção, mitigação e/ou adaptação socioeconômicas e ambientais aos impactos da elevação do NMM. Os resultados mostraram alto potencial na aplicação da metodologia em setores de beira-mar, cuja pequena extensão requer o mapeamento em escala de detalhe.

  20. Bi2212 HTS Tubular Bulk with Conical Shape for Current Lead

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tamura, H; Mito, T; Yamada, Y; Watanabe, M; Ohkubo, J; Heller, R

    2006-01-01

    Current leads using HTS material have been developed for application in a large scale superconducting magnet system. Tokai University and NIFS have developed Bi2212 tubular bulk which was prepared by a diffusion process. 8 kA of maximum transport current was achieved by a tubular bulk with a cylindrical shape. The maximum current was estimated to be 2 kA at 50 K for this tubular bulk. A current lead can be designed with this bulk the warm end of the HTS part being at 50 K and the cold end at 4.2 K. Under this condition, the cross section of the cold end of the bulk can be reduced. This type of HTS bulk has a great potential for flexible design since the Bi2212 layer can be reacted on the surface of any shapes of substrate. If a conical shaped HTS bulk was made, it could be an advantage for heat leakage to the cold end. To confirm this effect, we have made two types of conical bulk. The transport current of the specimen exceeds 7 kA at 4.2 K and 4 kA of stable current flow was achieved with a warm end temperature of 50 K

  1. PIPING EM ÁREA DE VOÇOROCAMENTO, NOROESTE DE MINAS GERAIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Helena Ribeiro Rocha Augustin

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Dutos formados por piping constituem feições erosivas sub-superficiais bastante estudadas, presentes nos mais diversos tipos de climas, sendo que a literatura específica lhes atribui participação no voçorocamento. Este artigo discute a ocorrência de quatro (4 diferentes tipos de dutos (pipes encontrados em área de estudo localizada em Gouveia-MG, na região tropical sub-úmida do cerrado, com predomínio de latossolos, onde os piping ocorrem, em alguns casos, associados à presença de voçorocas. Estas estão presentes tanto em vertentes convexas, quanto côncavas, desenvolvidas sobre rochas granito- gnáissicas e básicas-metabásicas, formando um relevo ondulado a moderadamente ondulado, com declividades entre 5 e 120. Os topos dessas vertentes são longos, relativamente chatos, permitindo a manutenção de colinas do tipo maciço, cujos flancos são interrompidos por reentrâncias relativamente pequenas, as quais, em alguns casos não chegam a formar anfiteatros,e esporões largos. O piping foi identificado em diferentes situações durante trabalhos de campo conduzidos na área por meioda identificação de dutos (pipes, com ou sem colapso. Eles se diferenciam em tamanho, localização na vertente, o tipo de solo e mesmo quanto à sua posição nos taludes das voçorocas. Nesse trabalho, eles são descritos e classificados com base na existência ou não de colapso do túnel e sua associação com a presença ou não de voçoroca. O colapso gera o aparecimento de um canal superficial, possibilitando que este se aprofunde e alargue, causando o desenvolvimento de voçoroca. No caso dos canais sem colapso, tem-se duas situações: piping sem a presença de voçoroca e detecção através da abertura de perfis de solo, e piping encontrado através da utilização do Geo-Radar (GPR, que permitiu sua detecção e correlação com a presença de voçorocas próximas. Evidências de campo permitem assumir que há correlação entre o piping

  2. Modeling of heat transfer in wall-cooled tubular reactors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Koning, G.W.; Westerterp, K.R.

    1999-01-01

    In a pilot scale wall-cooled tubular reactor, temperature profiles have been measured with and without reaction. As a model reaction oxidation of carbon monoxide in air over a copper chromite catalyst has been used. The kinetics of this reaction have been determined separately in two kinetic

  3. Understanding shape and morphology of unusual tubular starch nanocrystals.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gong, Bei; Liu, Wenxia; Tan, Hua; Yu, Dehai; Song, Zhaoping; Lucia, Lucian A

    2016-10-20

    Starch nanocrystals (SNC) are aptly described as the insoluble degradation byproducts of starch granules that purportedly display morphologies that are platelet-like, round, square, and oval-like. In this work, we reported the preparation of SNC with unprecedented tubular structures through sulfuric acid hydrolysis of normal maize starch, subsequent exposure to ammonia and relaxation at 4°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy observation clearly proved that the SNCs possess tubular nanostructures with polygonal cross-section. After further reviewing the transformations of SNC by acid hydrolysis, ammonia treatment, and curing time at 4°C, a mechanism for T-SNC formation is suggested. It is conjectured that T-SNC gradually self-assembles by combination of smaller platelet-like/square nanocrystals likely loosely aggregated by starch molecular chains from residual amorphous regions. This work paves the way for the pursuit of new approaches for the preparation of starch-based nanomaterials possessing unique morphologies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Carbohydrates in Ankistrodesmus braunii biomass cultivated in tubular photobioreactors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lucía Morocho-Jácome

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The great need for microalgae biomass production in tubular photobioreactors has increased for use in biofuels, pharmaceuticals and even cosmetic applications. In order to better understand the potential applications of this material, it is imperative to know in detail its composition. Ankistrodesmus braunii was cultivated in 3.5 L tubular air-lift photobioreactors using 10 mM sodium nitrate as nitrogen source in batch mode at 60 µmol photons m-2 s-1. The maximum biomass concentration (Xm and the biomass productivity (PX reached at 6th day of cultivation was 1249 ± 72 mg L-1 and 165 ± 13 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. Carbohydrates productivity expressed in terms of glucose, galactose and glucose+galactose (1:1 were 2.57 ± 0.04, 4.12 ± 0.06 and 3.22 ± 0.05 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. Results show a statistical difference that was found between carbohydrate productivity values expressed as glucose, galactose and glucose+galactose (1:1.

  5. A tubular flux-switching permanent magnet machine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, J.; Wang, W.; Clark, R.; Atallah, K.; Howe, D.

    2008-04-01

    The paper describes a novel tubular, three-phase permanent magnet brushless machine, which combines salient features from both switched reluctance and permanent magnet machine technologies. It has no end windings and zero net radial force and offers a high power density and peak force capability, as well as the potential for low manufacturing cost. It is, therefore, eminently suitable for a variety of applications, ranging from free-piston energy converters to active vehicle suspensions.

  6. Tubular bioreactor and its application; Tubular bioreactor to sono tekiyo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Endo, I.; Nagamune, T. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Yuki, K. [Nikka Whisky Distilling Co. Ltd. Tokyo (Japan); Inaba, H. [Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

    1994-09-05

    The loop type tubular bioreactor (TBR) was developed where biocatalysts are trapped in the reactor by membrane module. A UF membrane or MF membrane and crossflow filtration were adopted for the membrane module, and the reactor loop was composed of four membrane modules. The reactor was operated at 2-4 m/s in membrane surface velocity and 300-400 kPa in filtration pressure. As the result of the high-density culture of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, a biomass concentration was more than 10 times that in batch culture, suggesting the remarkable enhancement of a production efficiency. As the result of the continuous fermentation of cider, the fast fermentation more than 60 times that in conventional ones was obtained together with the same quality as conventional ones. Such a fast fermentation was probably achieved by yeast suspended in the fermenter of TBR, by yeast hardly affected physico-chemically as compared with immobilized reactors, and by small effect of mass transfer on reaction systems. 4 refs., 6 figs.

  7. CD47 regulates renal tubular epithelial cell self-renewal and proliferation following renal ischemia reperfusion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rogers, Natasha M; Zhang, Zheng J; Wang, Jiao-Jing; Thomson, Angus W; Isenberg, Jeffrey S

    2016-08-01

    Defects in renal tubular epithelial cell repair contribute to renal ischemia reperfusion injury, cause acute kidney damage, and promote chronic renal disease. The matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD47 are involved in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury, although the role of this interaction in renal recovery is unknown. We found upregulation of self-renewal genes (transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc) in the kidney of CD47(-/-) mice after ischemia reperfusion injury. Wild-type animals had minimal self-renewal gene expression, both before and after injury. Suggestive of cell autonomy, CD47(-/-) renal tubular epithelial cells were found to increase expression of the self-renewal genes. This correlated with enhanced proliferative capacity compared with cells from wild-type mice. Exogenous thrombospondin-1 inhibited self-renewal gene expression in renal tubular epithelial cells from wild-type but not CD47(-/-) mice, and this was associated with decreased proliferation. Treatment of renal tubular epithelial cells with a CD47 blocking antibody or CD47-targeting small interfering RNA increased expression of some self-renewal transcription factors and promoted cell proliferation. In a syngeneic kidney transplant model, treatment with a CD47 blocking antibody increased self-renewal transcription factor expression, decreased tissue damage, and improved renal function compared with that in control mice. Thus, thrombospondin-1 via CD47 inhibits renal tubular epithelial cell recovery after ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibition of proliferation/self-renewal. Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Investigation and Calculation of Magnetic Field in Tubular Linear Reluctance Motor Using FEM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MOSALLANEJAD, A.

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available In this paper the magnetic flux density of tubular linear reluctance motor (TLRM in open type magnetic circuit is studied. Also, all magnetic flux density calculation methods in winding of tubular linear reluctance motor are described. The effect of structure parameters on magnetic flux density is also discussed. Electromagnetic finite-element analysis is used for simulation of magnetic field, and simulation results of the magnetic field analysis with DC voltage excitation are compared with results obtained from calculation methods. The comparison yields a good agreement.

  9. Scenario analysis of large scale algae production in tubular photobioreactors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Slegers, P.M.; Beveren, van P.J.M.; Wijffels, R.H.; Straten, van G.; Boxtel, van A.J.B.

    2013-01-01

    Microalgae productivity in tubular photobioreactors depends on algae species, location, tube diameter, biomass concentration, distance between tubes and for vertically stacked systems, the number of horizontal tubes per stack. A simulation model for horizontal and vertically stacked horizontal

  10. Emissões de compostos carbonosos pela queima doméstica de biomassa

    OpenAIRE

    Duarte, Márcio Alexandre Correia

    2011-01-01

    Foram realizados um conjunto de ensaios de queima de combustíveis sólidos (madeira) de três espécies típicas portuguesas pinheiro, eucalipto e sobreiro. Estes ensaios de queima foram realizados em dois equipamentos típicos em Portugal, um fogão com recuperador e uma lareira. Com isso pretendeu-se obter perfis de emissão de gases e PM10 de forma a contribuir para uma melhor caracterização da contribuição das emissões provenientes da queima de biomassa em Portugal. Alem disso, foram ainda deter...

  11. Tubular manipulators: a new concept for intracochlear positioning of an auditory prosthesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rau Thomas S.

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of tubular manipulators as an actuator mechanism for intracochlear positioning of the electrode array (EA of a cochlear implant (CI. This is motivated by the vision of an atraumatic insertion of the EA into the inner ear (cochlea without any damage to the intracochlear structures in combination with a well-defined final position. To realize this, an actuator mechanism is required which allows consideration of the patient-specific anatomy. We propose a tubular manipulator for this task. It consists of three concentric tubes: A straight outer tube serves as a guiding sleeve to enter the inner ear (cochlea and two additional telescoping, superelastic, helically precurved tubes. By selecting helical tube parameters of both tubes prior insertion, a patient-specific curling behaviour of the tubular manipulator can be achieved. For preliminary investigation, segmentation and skeletonization of 5 human scala tympani were performed to determine their centrelines. These centrelines were considered as individual ideal insertion paths. An optimization algorithm was developed to identify suitable tube set parameters (curvature, diameter, length, torsion, stiffness as well as configuration parameters (translation and rotation of the 2 inner tubes. Different error values describing the deviation of the shape of the tubes with respect to the insertion path were used to quantify the optimization results. In all cases tube set parameters for a final position within the cochlea were found, while keeping the maximum error below 1mm. These preliminary results are promising in terms of the potential applicability of tubular manipulators for positioning auditory prosthesis inside the scala tympani of the inner ear.

  12. Use and benefit summary of General Electric Company thermocase insulated tubulars for steam enhanced oil recovery

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Traynor, B.V. Jr.; Hawley, J.R.; Marziani, V.J.; Prevost, W.M.

    1982-01-01

    General Electric Co.'s (GE) first well-bore insulation in 1969 resulted from the industry's need to produce hot oil on Alaska's North Slope without damaging the permafrost. In the past 3 yr, over 500,000 linear ft of GE's Thermocase has been sold. Thermocase tubulars are in use in California, Wyoming, Texas, Canada, Venezuela, and the USSR. Thermocase insulated tubulars are being used in a wide range of reservoirs under a variety of completion designs. This study discusses field experience, thermal completion benefits afforded by Thermocase tubulars, a quantified economic evaluation in a 1000-ft application, as well as GE's product verification, test and rigid quality control program.

  13. A tubular hybrid Halbach/axially-magnetized permanent-magnet linear machine

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yi Sui

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available A single-phase tubular permanent-magnet linear machine (PMLM with hybrid Halbach/axially-magnetized PM arrays is proposed for free-piston Stirling power generation system. Machine topology and operating principle are elaborately illustrated. With the sinusoidal speed characteristic of the free-piston Stirling engine considered, the proposed machine is designed and calculated by finite-element analysis (FEA. The main structural parameters, such as outer radius of the mover, radial length of both the axially-magnetized PMs and ferromagnetic poles, axial length of both the middle and end radially-magnetized PMs, etc., are optimized to improve both the force capability and power density. Compared with the conventional PMLMs, the proposed machine features high mass and volume power density, and has the advantages of simple control and low converter cost. The proposed machine topology is applicable to tubular PMLMs with any phases.

  14. A tubular hybrid Halbach/axially-magnetized permanent-magnet linear machine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sui, Yi; Liu, Yong; Cheng, Luming; Liu, Jiaqi; Zheng, Ping

    2017-05-01

    A single-phase tubular permanent-magnet linear machine (PMLM) with hybrid Halbach/axially-magnetized PM arrays is proposed for free-piston Stirling power generation system. Machine topology and operating principle are elaborately illustrated. With the sinusoidal speed characteristic of the free-piston Stirling engine considered, the proposed machine is designed and calculated by finite-element analysis (FEA). The main structural parameters, such as outer radius of the mover, radial length of both the axially-magnetized PMs and ferromagnetic poles, axial length of both the middle and end radially-magnetized PMs, etc., are optimized to improve both the force capability and power density. Compared with the conventional PMLMs, the proposed machine features high mass and volume power density, and has the advantages of simple control and low converter cost. The proposed machine topology is applicable to tubular PMLMs with any phases.

  15. Sustentabilidade e condições de vida em áreas urbanas: medidas e determinantes em duas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tánia Moreira Braga

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo é parte de um esforço acadêmico recente de criação de ferramentas de mensuração do fenômeno sustentabilidade. Apresenta sistema de índices de sustentabilidade urbana, aplicando-o a 57 municípios das Regiões Metropolitanas de São Paulo e Belo Horizonte, Brasil. O sistema de índices foi criado considerando, principalmente, três fatores: a incorporação das dimensões econômica, ecológica, político-social, espacial (ou territorial e de planejamento; b adoção da escala urbana/metropolitana; e c incorporação de indicadores institucionais capazes de avaliar a capacidade do sistema político e da sociedade em oferecer respostas aos desafios presentes e futuros da sustentabilidade. Os resultados obtidos mostram a existência de dois padrões claros nas duas regiões. O primeiro, de desequilíbrio entre qualidade ambiental e desenvolvimento humano, verificado no município central e nos municípios fortemente industrializados de ambas as regiões. O segundo, mais sustentável, de equilíbrio entre qualidade ambiental e desenvolvimento humano, verificado em municípios com diferentes perfis em ambas as regiõesThis paper develops an Urban Sustainability Index System as part of a broader effort to provide better quality data and statistical analysis for local environmental decision-making. We show that urban sustainability can be measured in a comprehensive and synthetic way. In providing fair comparison across cities while keeping sensibility to local context, this index system can be used by policy-makers as a powerful tool to identify critical trends and policy gaps. This Urban Sustainability Index System has been applied to 57 cities in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The results indicate two different paths in relation to sustainability. The first is characterized by a gap between environmental quality and human development, leading away from sustainability. It is followed by the core

  16. Significance of downregulation of renal organic cation transporter (SLC47A1 in cisplatin-induced proximal tubular injury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mizuno T

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Tomohiro Mizuno,1–3 Waichi Sato,2,3 Kazuhiro Ishikawa,4 Yuki Terao,1 Kazuo Takahashi,2 Yukihiro Noda,5 Yukio Yuzawa,2 Tadashi Nagamatsu1 1Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Meijo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Nagoya, 2Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 3Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, 4Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 5Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Meijo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan Background/aim: To elucidate the mechanism responsible for developing acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes mellitus, we also evaluated the issue of whether advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs influence the expressions of multi antimicrobial extrusion protein (MATE1/SLC47A1 in tubular cells. Materials and methods: To detect changing expression of MATE1/SLC47A1 in dose- and time-dependent manners, human proximal tubular epithelial cells were incubated with AGE-aggregated-human serum albumin. As a function assay for MATE1/SLC47A1, human proximal tubular epithelial cells were incubated with cisplatin or carboplatin. Results: On incubation with AGEs, the expressions of MATE1/SLC47A1 were decreased in tubular cells. In addition, the toxicities of cisplatin were increased in tubular cells that had been pretreated with AGEs. However, the toxicities of carboplatin were smaller than that of cisplatin in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusion: The expression of the MATE1/SLC47A1 is decreased by AGEs, which increases the risk for proximal tubular injury. Keywords: advanced glycation endproducts, cisplatin, SLC47A1, diabetes mellitus, acute kidney injury

  17. Surface wave resonance and chirality in a tubular cavity with metasurface design

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qin, Yuzhou; Fang, Yangfu; Wang, Lu; Tang, Shiwei; Sun, Shulin; Liu, Zhaowei; Mei, Yongfeng

    2018-06-01

    Optical microcavities with whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have been indispensable in both photonic researches and applications. Besides, metasurfaces, have attracted much attention recently due to their strong abilities to manipulate electromagnetic waves. Here, combining these two optical elements together, we show a tubular cavity can convert input propagating cylindrical waves into directed localized surface waves (SWs), enabling the circulating like WGMs along the wall surface of the designed tubular cavity. Finite element method (FEM) simulations demonstrate that such near-field WGM shows both large chirality and high local field. This work may stimulate interesting potential applications in e.g. directional emission, sensing, and lasing.

  18. Caracterização de Organossolos em ambientes de várzea do nordeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Cipriano-Silva

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Os Organossolos são geralmente associados às regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, e são poucos os estudos sobre a ocorrência e os efeitos do uso e manejo agrícola desses solos na região Nordeste. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar física, química e morfologicamente seis perfis de Organossolos de várzeas dos Estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte e da Paraíba e correlacionar seus atributos ao ambiente de formação, além de quantificar seus estoques de carbono e suas capacidades de armazenamento de água. Foram utilizados os métodos recomendados no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS para caracterizar química e fisicamente o solo, bem como a umidade e o volume residual dele. O aumento dos valores da Ds nos horizontes foi em decorrência da maior decomposição das fibras esfregadas (FE e da redução dos teores de matéria orgânica. O volume residual apresentou correlações positiva e significativa a 5 % com o valor de resíduo mínimo (r = 0,64 e Ds (r = 0,74 e negativa com a porcentagem de FE (r = -0,75, podendo ser usado para avaliar a subsidência desses solos. As propriedades químicas foram influenciadas pelo material orgânico e pelos sedimentos fluviomarinhos. A variação da drenagem influenciada pela posição no relevo e pelo uso agrícola dos solos conduziu a classes de diferentes graus de decomposição da matéria orgânica e com isto às classes dos Organossolos Fíbrico, Hêmico e Sáprico. Um dos perfis CE1, com maior influência de sedimentos marinhos, foi classificado como Organossolo Tiomórfico com caráter solódico.

  19. Normalized Urinary Flow at Puberty after Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty for Hypospadias in Childhood.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andersson, Marie; Doroszkiewicz, Monika; Arfwidsson, Charlotte; Abrahamsson, Kate; Sillén, Ulla; Holmdahl, Gundela

    2015-11-01

    An obstructive urinary flow pattern is frequently seen after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias. However, the significance of this finding has not been determined and long-term results are few. We describe postoperative long-term uroflowmetry results after puberty in males who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in childhood. A total of 126 boys underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal penile to mid shaft hypospadias at Queen Silvia Children's Hospital in Gothenburg between 1999 and 2003. Of the patients 48 were toilet trained at surgery. We report on 40 patients who had data available at 2 and 12 months postoperatively, 7 years postoperatively and at puberty (median age 15.0 years, range 13.7 to 17.1). Of the patients 31 had distal and 9 had mid penile hypospadias. Clinical examination, urinary medical history, uroflowmetry and ultrasound measuring residual urine were performed. Maximum urinary flow was correlated to age and voided volume, using Miskolc nomograms for comparison of percentiles. At 1 year postoperatively 15 boys (37.5%) had normal urinary flow (above 25th percentile), compared to 16 (40%) at 7 years and 38 (95%) at puberty (p puberty for boys with hypospadias treated with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Unless symptoms occur, a conservative approach seems preferable. Copyright © 2015 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Flow-by-flow chemical stratigraphy and evolution of thirteen Serra Geral Group basalt flows from Vista Alegre, southernmost Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Viter M Pinto

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The geochemical characterization of thirteen Serra Geral Group flows in the Vista Alegre region (RS-SC, southern Brazil, displays the homogeneous basaltic composition near 50 wt.% SiO2. Each of the five basal flows (Pitanga-type, high-Ti/Y ~600, TiO2 > 3 wt.% and eight upper flows (Paranapanema-type, medium Ti/Y ~400, TiO2 > 2 wt.% can be identified from their chemical composition; sets of flows have parallel variation in chemical composition. The flow-by-flowcorrelation in four sections shows the horizontal position of the flows in three profiles and an approximately 200-m downdrop of the Itapiranga block with respect to the Frederico Westphalen block. The world-class amethyst geode mineralization and the systematic presence of native copper in the basalts make the correlation of great geological and economic significance.A caracterização geoquímica de treze derrames do Grupo Serra Geral na região de Vista Alegre (RS e SC, sul do Brasil, exibe uma composição basáltica homogênea próxima a 50% de SiO2. Os cinco derrames basais são classificados quimicamente como tipo Pitanga (alto Ti/Y ~600 e TiO2 > 3 em peso percentual, os demais oito derrames possuem médio Ti/Y ~400 com TiO2 ~2.5 em peso percentual, sendo classificados como magma tipo Paranapanema. Cada derrame pode ser identificado através de sua composição química e correlacionado, com variação paralela entre os perfis estudados. A correlação derrame a derrame nos quatro perfis demonstra uma posição horizontal em três perfis e um rejeito vertical de aproximadamente 200 m do bloco Itapiranga em relação ao bloco Frederico Westphalen. A presença de jazidas de ametista em geodos e a sistemática ocorrência de cobre nativo nos basaltos da região tornam a correlação de grande significado geológico e econômico.

  1. Acidentes com motociclistas: comparacao entre os anos 1998 e 2010. Londrina, PR, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavia Lopes Sant'Anna

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar características de acidentes de motocicleta e de vítimas atendidas por serviços de atenção pré-hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal com dados de registros de atendimentos pré-hospitalares de motociclistas, vítimas de acidente de trânsito em Londrina, PR, em 2010, e dos resultados comparados com estudo similar de 1998. A fonte de dados foi o Registro de Atendimento do Socorrista (RAS. As frotas de motocicletas e as populações dos respectivos anos foram usadas para estimativas do risco de ocorrência de vítimas. O teste do Qui-quadrado foi usado para comparação dos perfis de acidentes e vítimas. RESULTADOS: Foram atendidos 1.576 e 3.968 motociclistas em 1998 e 2010, respectivamente (aumento de 151,8%. A taxa de motociclistas acidentados por mil habitantes passou de 396,4 para 783,1, e a de vítimas para cada mil motos de 53,1 para 61,1. Observaram-se mudanças (p < 0,05 nos perfis dos acidentes, com maiores proporções de quedas isoladas de moto, de acidentes entre motociclistas, no período da manhã, com diminuição dos ocorridos em final de semana. Em relação às vítimas, observaram-se maiores proporções de mulheres, condutores, com 35 anos ou mais. Foi menor a frequência relativa de percepção de hálito etílico e maior a prevalência do uso do capacete. Houve menor proporção de vítimas classificadas com escalas de coma e trauma moderado/grave e de encaminhamentos hospitalares. O coeficiente de letalidade imediato reduziu-se de 1,2% para 0,6%. CONCLUSÕES: Foram observadas mudanças nos perfis de acidentes e de vítimas no período. Apesar do aumento absoluto e relativo de vítimas de acidentes de motocicleta, observou-se menor gravidade proporcional desses acidentes.

  2. Uric Acid Induces Renal Inflammation via Activating Tubular NF-κB Signaling Pathway

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Yang; Fang, Li; Jiang, Lei; Wen, Ping; Cao, Hongdi; He, Weichun; Dai, Chunsun; Yang, Junwei

    2012-01-01

    Inflammation is a pathologic feature of hyperuricemia in clinical settings. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, infiltration of T cells and macrophages were significantly increased in hyperuricemia mice kidneys. This infiltration of inflammatory cells was accompanied by an up-regulation of TNF-α, MCP-1 and RANTES expression. Further, infiltration was largely located in tubular interstitial spaces, suggesting a role for tubular cells in hyperuricemia-induced inflammation. In cultured tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E), uric acid, probably transported via urate transporter, induced TNF-α, MCP-1 and RANTES mRNA as well as RANTES protein expression. Culture media of NRK-52E cells incubated with uric acid showed a chemo-attractive ability to recruit macrophage. Moreover uric acid activated NF-κB signaling. The uric acid-induced up-regulation of RANTES was blocked by SN 50, a specific NF-κB inhibitor. Activation of NF-κB signaling was also observed in tubule of hyperuricemia mice. These results suggest that uric acid induces renal inflammation via activation of NF-κB signaling. PMID:22761883

  3. Oxidation-etching preparation of MnO2 tubular nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Jixin; Shi, Wenhui; Xiao, Ni; Rui, Xianhong; Tan, Huiteng; Lu, Xuehong; Hng, Huey Hoon; Ma, Jan; Yan, Qingyu

    2012-05-01

    1D hierarchical tubular MnO(2) nanostructures have been prepared through a facile hydrothermal method using carbon nanofibres (CNFs) as sacrificial template. The morphology of MnO(2) nanostructures can be adjusted by changing the reaction time or annealing process. Polycrystalline MnO(2) nanotubes are formed with a short reaction time (e.g., 10 min) while hierarchical tubular MnO(2) nanostructures composed of assembled nanosheets are obtained at longer reaction times (>45 min). The polycrystalline MnO(2) nanotubes can be further converted to porous nanobelts and sponge-like nanowires by annealing in air. Among all the types of MnO(2) nanostructures prepared, tubular MnO(2) nanostructures composed of assembled nanosheets show optimized charge storage performance when tested as supercapacitor electrodes, for example, delivering an power density of 13.33 kW·kg(-1) and a energy density of 21.1 Wh·kg(-1) with a long cycling life over 3000 cycles, which is mainly related to their features of large specific surface area and optimized charge transfer pathway.

  4. Additive manufacturing of patient-specific tubular continuum manipulators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amanov, Ernar; Nguyen, Thien-Dang; Burgner-Kahrs, Jessica

    2015-03-01

    Tubular continuum robots, which are composed of multiple concentric, precurved, elastic tubes, provide more dexterity than traditional surgical instruments at the same diameter. The tubes can be precurved such that the resulting manipulator fulfills surgical task requirements. Up to now the only material used for the component tubes of those manipulators is NiTi, a super-elastic shape-memory alloy of nickel and titan. NiTi is a cost-intensive material and fabrication processes are complex, requiring (proprietary) technology, e.g. for shape setting. In this paper, we evaluate component tubes made of 3 different thermoplastic materials (PLA, PCL and nylon) using fused filament fabrication technology (3D printing). This enables quick and cost-effective production of custom, patient-specific continuum manipulators, produced on site on demand. Stress-strain and deformation characteristics are evaluated experimentally for 16 fabricated tubes of each thermoplastic with diameters and shapes equivalent to those of NiTi tubes. Tubes made of PCL and nylon exhibit properties comparable to those made of NiTi. We further demonstrate a tubular continuum manipulator composed of 3 nylon tubes in a transnasal, transsphenoidal skull base surgery scenario in vitro.

  5. Advances in tubular solid oxide fuel cell technology

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Singhal, S.C. [Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1996-12-31

    The design, materials and fabrication processes for the earlier technology Westinghouse tubular geometry cell have been described in detail previously. In that design, the active cell components were deposited in the form of thin layers on a ceramic porous support tube (PST). The tubular design of these cells and the materials used therein have been validated by successful electrical testing for over 65,000 h (>7 years). In these early technology PST cells, the support tube, although sufficiently porous, presented an inherent impedance to air flow toward air electrode. In order to reduce such impedance to air flow, the wall thickness of the PST was first decreased from the original 2 mm (the thick-wall PST) to 1.2 mm (the thin-wall PST). The calcia-stabilized zirconia support tube has now been completely eliminated and replaced by a doped lanthanum manganite tube in state-of-the-art SOFCs. This doped lanthanum manganite tube is extruded and sintered to about 30 to 35 percent porosity, and serves as the air electrode onto which the other cell components are fabricated in thin layer form. These latest technology cells are designated as air electrode supported (AES) cells.

  6. Effect of tubular damage by mercuric chloride on kidney function and some urinary enzymes in the dog

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ellis, B G; Price, R G; Topham, J C

    1973-01-01

    Alkaline and acid phosphatases, ..beta..-glucosidase, ..beta..-galactosidase, N-acetyl-..beta..-glucosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase were monitored in the urine and serum of dogs with renal tubular damage induced by a series of increasing doses of mercuric chloride. Evidence is presented that the assay of urinary alkaline and acid phosphatase is the most sensitive method of detecting renal tubular damage in the dog. The clearance of (/sup 14/C)-propranolol was compared before and after the administration of mercuric chloride. In the presence of tubular damage the blood half-life of propranolol and the rate of excretion of metabolites in the urine were increased. 35 references, 7 tables.

  7. High Glucose Increases Metallothionein Expression in Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daisuke Ogawa

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Metallothionein (MT is an intracellular metal-binding, cysteine-rich protein, and is a potent antioxidant that protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Although the major isoforms MT-1 and -2 (MT-1/-2 are highly inducible in many tissues, the distribution and role of MT-1/-2 in diabetic nephropathy are poorly understood. In this study, diabetes was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin, and renal tissues were stained with antibodies for MT-1/-2. MT-1/-2 expression was also evaluated in mProx24 cells, a mouse renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, stimulated with high glucose medium and pretreated with the antioxidant vitamin E. MT-1/-2 expression was gradually and dramatically increased, mainly in the proximal tubular epithelial cells and to a lesser extent in the podocytes in diabetic rats, but was hardly observed in control rats. MT-1/-2 expression was also increased by high glucose stimulation in mProx24 cells. Because the induction of MT was suppressed by pretreatment with vitamin E, the expression of MT-1/-2 is induced, at least in part, by high glucose-induced oxidative stress. These observations suggest that MT-1/-2 is induced in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells as an antioxidant to protect the kidney from oxidative stress, and may offer a novel therapeutic target against diabetic nephropathy.

  8. Confined diffusion in tubular structures analyzed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on a mirror

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Etienne, Emilien; Lenne, Pierre-Francois; Sturgis, James N.; Rigneault, Herve

    2006-01-01

    In fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) analysis it is generally assumed that molecular species diffuse freely in volumes much larger than the three-dimensional FCS observation volume. However, this standard assumption is not valid in many measurement conditions, particularly in tubular structures with diameters in the micrometer range, such as those found in living cells (organelles, dendrites) and microfluidic devices (capillaries,reaction chambers). As a result the measured autocorrelation functions (ACFs) deviate from those predicted for free diffusion, and this can shift the measured diffusion coefficient by as much as ∼50% when the tube diameter is comparable with the axial extension of the FCS observation volume. We show that the range of validity of the FCS measurements can be drastically improved if the tubular structures are located in the close vicinity of a mirror on which FCS is performed. In this case a new fluctuation time in the ACF, arising from the diffusion of fluorescent probes in optical fringes,permits measurement of the real diffusion coefficient within the tubular structure without assumptions about either the confined geometry orthe FCS observation volume geometry. We show that such a measurement can be done when the tubular structure contains at least one pair of dark and bright fringes resulting from interference between the incoming and the reflected excitation beams on the mirror surface. Measurement of the diffusion coefficient of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and IscS-EGFP in the cytoplasm of living Escherichiacoli illustrates the capabilities of the technique

  9. The H^{-1}-norm of tubular neighbourhoods of curves

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Gennip, van Y.; Peletier, M.A.

    2011-01-01

    We study the H^{-1}-norm of the function 1 on tubular neighbourhoods of curves in R^2. We take the limit of small thickness epsilon, and we prove two different asymptotic results. The first is an asymptotic development for a fixed curve in the limit epsilon to 0, containing contributions from the

  10. Tolerance-based Structural Design of Tubular-Structure Loading Equipments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiping Lu

    2011-05-01

    is worked out under different ball screws, trapezoidal screw threads, worm and worm gears. To meet the requirement of tolerance in tubular-structure assembly, mechanisms for all motions are defined. The design of loading equipment is tested and assessed by experiments, and the result shows the design is highly qualified for its assembly.

  11. Finite element analysis of tubular joints in offshore structures ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ... representing a 2-D model of the joint between the brace and the chord walls. This was subsequently followed but finite element analysis of six tubular joints. A global analysis was initially undertaken, then the submodel analysis carried in the areas of stress concentration. Journal of Civil Engineering, JKUAT (2001) Vol 6, ...

  12. Acute tubular necrosis in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eranga S Wijewickrama

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Acute renal failure (ARF is a well-recognized complication of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH. The predominant mechanism is intravascular hemolysis resulting in massive hemoglobinuria ARF. We report a case of acute tubular necrosis (ATN developed in the absence of overwhelming evidence of intravascular hemolysis in a 21-year-old man with anemia, who was eventually diagnosed to have PNH. The patient presented with rapidly deteriorating renal functions in the background of iron deficiency anemia, which was attributed to reflux esophagitis. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Renal biopsy revealed ATN with deposition of hemosiderin in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Diagnosis of PNH was confirmed with a positive Ham′s test and flow cytometry. Our case emphasizes the need to consider ATN as a possible cause for ARF in patients suspected to have PNH even in the absence of overwhelming evidence of intravascular hemolysis.

  13. Evaluation of seismic behavior of a braced tubular steel structure by pseudodynamic testing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiny, P.B.; Javadian-Gilani, A.S.; Mahin, S.A.

    1984-01-01

    The inelastic seismic behavior of an X-braced, tubular steel frame is studied experimentally by means of pseudodynamic testing. The pseudodynamic method, which utilizes a numerical algorithm in the on-line computer control of a test specimen, can realistically simulate the seismic response of a structural model. This paper presents a brief outline of the experimental procedure and the results of the tubular frame tests, including the global responses, the inelastic energy-dissipation capabilities, and the failure mechanism of the frame at various excitation levels. Correlation of these results with previous experimental studies illustrates the feasibility and accuracy of the new test method

  14. Relationship between vibrations of tubular elements of power equipment and dynamic characteristics of longitudinal two-phase flow

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fokin, B.S.; Gol'dberg, E.N.

    1979-01-01

    Analytical results of statistical nature of forces exciting vibrations of tubular elements, which are flown around with two-phase flows, are given. Relationships for the calculation of a mean-square amplitude and vibration frequency of a tubular element flown around with a two-phase mixture have been obtained. The relationships are confirmed experimentally

  15. The role of duplex stainless steels for downhole tubulars

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Francis, R.

    1993-01-01

    In sour conditions there is an increasing trend to turn to corrosion resistant alloys for downhole tubulars. The most commonly used CRA tubular is 13Cr, and there are thousands of feet in service. However, there are limits to the use of 13Cr, ie., the risk of sulphide stress corrosion cracking at high H 2 S levels, and the possibility of pitting or high corrosion rates in waters with high chloride contents. Where the service conditions are felt to be too severe for 13Cr alloys it has been traditional to switch to nickel base alloys such as alloys 825 and C-276 (UNS N08825 and N10276). The alloys are much more expensive than 13Cr, and in recent years the duplex stainless steels have been selected as alloys with superior corrosion and SSCC resistance compared with 13Cr, and having lower cost than nickel alloys. Originally the 22Cr duplex alloy (UNS 31803) was used, but more recently the 25Cr super duplex alloys (UNS S32760 and S32750) have become more available. The present paper reviews the data available for 13Cr and the limits of applicability. Data is also presented for laboratory tests for both the 22Cr and 25Cr super duplex alloys. There is extensive service experience with both 22Cr and 25Cr super duplex in the North Sea, covering both downhole tubulars, manifold and post wellhead equipment. Data is presented showing some of the sour condition being experienced in the North Sea by super duplex alloys. These results show that there is a substantial gap between the limits of use for 13Cr and the 25Cr super duplex stainless steel alloys. This means that in many sour environments super duplex stainless steel provides a cost effective alternative to nickel-base alloys

  16. Fractal solutions of recirculation tubular chemical reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berezowski, Marek

    2003-01-01

    Three kinds of fractal solutions of model of recirculation non-adiabatic tubular chemical reactors are presented. The first kind concerns the structure of Feigenbaum's diagram on the limit of chaos. The second kind and the third one concern the effect of initial conditions on the dynamic solutions of models. In the course of computations two types of recirculation were considered, viz. the recirculation of mass (return of a part of products' stream) and recirculation of heat (heat exchange in the external heat exchanger)

  17. PENGURANGAN KADAR CO2 MENGGUNAKAN SPIRULINA PLATENSIS DALAM TUBULAR BIOREACTOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zainal Syam Arifin

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Increasing the population impact on increasing energy demand. On the other hand, the energy generation industry has been blamed as one of the contributors of carbon dioxide about 25% of total CO2 emissions worldwide. Meanwhile, the production of biogas, which aims to address the increasing need of energy, produces carbon dioxide in the range of 25–50% by volume. To overcome this, a cheap method, optimum and efficient as well as environmentally friendly in reducing CO2 levels by using Spirulina platensis is needed. This research aims to created a mathematical models and found the optimum flow rate to reduced levels of CO2 by using Spirulina platensis. This study used a glass tubular bioreactor (D = 2.6 cm at a temperature of 30°C and irradiated with a fluorescent lamp Philips TL 36 Watt, color temperature: 6,200K cool daylight, light output: 2,600 lm, 72 lm/W. Tubular reactor was placed in a box lined with silver foil walls on three sides. With mathematical models of tubular reactor, the reaction rate constants could be predicted. Based on calculations of data and graphs, optimum volumetric velocity could also be predicted. Variation of flowrate to observed the reduction rate of CO2 was 0.25 mL/sec, 0.35 mL/sec, 0.5 mL/sec, 0.75 mL/sec, 1 mL/sec. Carbon source was 99.99% CO2.Observations of Spirulina growth was made on the flow rate of 0.25 mL/sec at the initial levels of dry weight 2.1208 g/L. The results of this study indicated that the low flowratewas a more effective way to reduced carbon dioxide levels using Spirulina platensis (= 2.82×10-4 sec-1. The highest conversion was obtained at a volumetric flow rate of 0.25 mL/sec and optimum speeds in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 mL/sec. The rate of incoming CO2 flux should be less than 0.047 mL/cm2.detik. Specific Growth Rate (µ of Spirulina platensis in this study was 2.56×10-2 minute-1.   Keywords: Spirulina platensis, a vertical tubular bioreactor, CO2 reduction     ABSTRAK

  18. Teores naturais de bário em solos de referência do estado de Pernambuco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Miranda Biondi

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available O bário (Ba é um metal alcalino terroso de ocorrência natural no solo. É constituinte de carbonatos, sulfatos e silicatos e ocorre como substituto isomórfico de elementos como Ca e K nos minerais. Quando disponível em elevados teores no solo, o Ba pode causar toxidez a diversos organismos vivos. Para considerar que determinado solo está livre de contaminação por esse elemento, faz-se necessário conhecer os teores de Ba nesse solo em condição natural. Portanto, a determinação de teores naturais de Ba em solos é essencial para a construção de uma legislação que sirva de base ao monitoramento e remediação de áreas contaminadas por esse elemento e que seja adequada à realidade pedológica local. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar os teores naturais de Ba como base de referência de qualidade para os Solos de Referência do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram coletadas amostras dos dois primeiros horizontes dos 35 perfis de referência, as quais foram submetidas à digestão ácida em micro-ondas (método 3051A. Nos extratos obtidos foi efetuada a determinação dos teores de Ba por ICP-OES. Observaram-se teores de Ba superiores aos valores de prevenção e de investigação estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira (CONAMA, 2009, corroborando a necessidade de maior conhecimento das diversidades regionais para a elaboração de normas nacionais. Os teores naturais de Ba determinados nos solos podem ser utilizados como base para a definição dos valores de referência de qualidade para Ba nos solos de Pernambuco, de acordo com o preconizado pela legislação nacional.

  19. Specific estrogen-induced cell proliferation of cultured Syrian hamster renal proximal tubular cells in serum-free chemically defined media

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oberley, T.D.; Lauchner, L.J.; Pugh, T.D.; Gonzalez, A.; Goldfarb, S.; Li, S.A.; Li, J.J.

    1989-01-01

    It has long been recognized that the renal proximal tubular epithelium of the hamster is a bona fide estrogen target tissue. The effect of estrogens on the growth of proximal tubule cell explants and dissociated single cells derived from these explant outgrowths has been studied in culture. Renal tubular cells were grown on a PF-HR-9 basement membrane under serum-free chemically defined culture conditions. At 7-14 days in culture, cell number was enhanced 3-fold in the presence of either 17β-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol. A similar 3-fold increase in cell number was also seen at 1 nM 17β-estradiol in subcultured dissociated single tubular cells derived from hamster renal tubular explant outgrowths at 21 days in culture. Concomitant exposure of tamoxifen at 3-fold molar excess in culture completely abolished the increase in cell number seen with 17β-estradiol. The proliferation effect of estrogens on proximal tubular cell growth appears to be species specific since 17β-estradiol did not alter the growth of either rat or guinea pig proximal tubules in culture. In addition, at 7-10 days in culture in the presence of 17β-estradiol, [ 3 H]thymidine labeling of hamster tubular cells was enhanced 3-fold. These results clearly indicate that estrogens can directly induce primary epithelial cell proliferation at physiologic concentrations and provide strong additional evidence for an important hormonal role in the neoplastic transformation of the hamster kidney

  20. Transcatheter closure of tubular type patent ductus arteriosus using Amplatzer® ductal occluder II: a case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mulyadi M Djer

    2013-10-01

    In recent years, interventional cardiology has become a gold standard therapy for the majority of PDA cases beyond neonatal age. Since its introduction in 1967, many devices and methods have been developed to allow transcatheter closure of virtually all PDAs, regardless of size or configuration. Nevertheless, the tubular shape (type C PDA, which has the highest residual shunt rate, still poses a great challenge for the interventionist.8-10 The second generation of Amplatzer® device occluders (ADO II, released in 2007, has been suggested to be effective in closing tubular PDAs.10 The purpose of this study was to report the initial clinical experience using ADO II to close a tubular type PDA in Indonesia.

  1. A case of Fanconi syndrome accompanied by crystal depositions in tubular cells in a patient with multiple myeloma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Do Hee Kim

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Fanconi syndrome (FS is a rare condition that is characterized by defects in the proximal tubular function. A 48-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of proteinuria. The patient showed normal anion gap acidosis, normoglycemic glycosuria, hypophosphatemia, and hypouricemia. Thus, her condition was compatible with FS. The M peak was found behind the beta globulin region in urine protein electrophoresis. Upon bone marrow examination, we found that 24% of cells were CD138+ plasma cells with kappa restriction. From a kidney biopsy, we found crystalline inclusions within proximal tubular epithelial cells. Thereafter, she was diagnosed with FS accompanied by multiple myeloma. The patient received chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, and obtained very good partial hematologic response. However, proximal tubular dysfunction was persistent until 1 year after autologous stem cell transplantation. In short, we report a case of FS accompanied by multiple myeloma, demonstrating crystalline inclusion in proximal tubular cells on kidney biopsy.

  2. Support and tool displacement device for the attachment of a tube bundle on a tubular plate of a steam generator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morisot, M.; Werle, R.; Michaud, J.P.

    1983-01-01

    The steam generator is being assembled, disposed with its axis horizontal and its tubular plate vertical; the device described in this patent, allows to automatize the preparation stages of the tubular plate and the attachment of the bundle, to shorten the construction of the steam generator and to remove drudgeries done by hand on the tubular plate or the tubes of the bundle. The invention can be applied to the construction of PWR steam generators [fr

  3. Transient acute tubular dysfunction in the newborn: CT findings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McLaughlin, M.G.; Schwartz, J.R.; Swayne, L.C.; Columbia Univ., New York; Rubenstein, J.B.; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ; Block, D.C.

    1990-01-01

    We report the CT and sonographic findings of transient acute tubular disease in a newborn infant, who was dehydrated at birth. The initial CT scan demonstrated focal areas of increased attenuation within the central portions of both kidneys, and sonography showed echogenic medullary pyramids. After adequate hydration, a follow-up examination demonstrated complete spontaneous resolution. (orig.)

  4. Single-step fabrication of stressed waveguides with tubular depressed-cladding in phosphate glasses using ultrafast vortex laser beams

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cheng Guanghua

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available We report on the fabrication of the stressed optical waveguide with tubular depressed-refractive-index cladding in phosphate glasses by use of femtosecond vortex beam. Strained regions were emerged in domains surrounding the tubular track. Waveguiding occurs mainly within the tube induced by femtosecond laser.

  5. Multiple metabolic hits converge on CD36 as novel mediator of tubular epithelial apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katalin Susztak

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Diabetic nephropathy (DNP is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the most common cause of kidney failure. While DNP manifests with albuminuria and diabetic glomerulopathy, its progression correlates best with tubular epithelial degeneration (TED and interstitial fibrosis. However, mechanisms leading to TED in DNP remain poorly understood.We found that expression of scavenger receptor CD36 coincided with proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC apoptosis and TED specifically in human DNP. High glucose stimulated cell surface expression of CD36 in PTECs. CD36 expression was necessary and sufficient to mediate PTEC apoptosis induced by glycated albumins (AGE-BSA and CML-BSA and free fatty acid palmitate through sequential activation of src kinase, and proapoptotic p38 MAPK and caspase 3. In contrast, paucity of expression of CD36 in PTECs in diabetic mice with diabetic glomerulopathy was associated with normal tubular epithelium and the absence of tubular apoptosis. Mouse PTECs lacked CD36 and were resistant to AGE-BSA-induced apoptosis. Recombinant expression of CD36 in mouse PTECs conferred susceptibility to AGE-BSA-induced apoptosis.Our findings suggest a novel role for CD36 as an essential mediator of proximal tubular apoptosis in human DNP. Because CD36 expression was induced by glucose in PTECs, and because increased CD36 mediated AGE-BSA-, CML-BSA-, and palmitate-induced PTEC apoptosis, we propose a two-step metabolic hit model for TED, a hallmark of progression in DNP.

  6. A Mathematical Model of Renal Blood Distribution Coupling TGF, MR and Tubular System

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    GAO Ci-xiu; YANG Lin; WANG Ke-qiang; XU Shi-xiong; DAI Pei-dong

    2009-01-01

    Objective:To investigate the relationship between renal blood distribution and the physiological activities of the kidney. Methods:A mathematical model is developed based on Hagan-Poiseuille law and mass transport, coupling mechanics of myogenic response (MR), tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and the tubular system in the renal medulla. The model parameters, including the permeability coefficients, the vascular lumen radius and the solute concentration at the inlet of the tubes, are derived from the experimental results. Simulations of the blood and water flow in the loop of Henel, the collecting duct and vas rectum, are carried out by the model of the tubular system in the renal medulla, based on conservations of water and solutes for transmural transport. Then the tubular model is coupled with MR and TGF mechanics. Results:The results predict the dynamics of renal autoregulation on its blood pressure and flow,and the distributions are 88.5% in the cortex, 10.3% in the medulla, and 1.2% at papilla,respectively. The fluid flow and solute concentrations along the tubules and vasa recta are obtained. Conclusion:The present model could assess renal functions qualitatively and quantitatively and provide a methodological approach for clinical research.

  7. Tubular solid oxide fuel cell development program

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ray, E.R.; Cracraft, C.

    1995-12-31

    This paper presents an overview of the Westinghouse Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) development activities and current program status. The Westinghouse goal is to develop a cost effective cell that can operate for 50,000 to 100,000 hours. Progress toward this goal will be discussed and test results presented for multiple single cell tests which have now successfully exceeded 56,000 hours of continuous power operation at temperature. Results of development efforts to reduce cost and increase power output of tubular SOFCs are described.

  8. Gremlin Activates the Smad Pathway Linked to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation in Cultured Tubular Epithelial Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Rodrigues-Diez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Gremlin is a developmental gene upregulated in human chronic kidney disease and in renal cells in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT is one process involved in renal fibrosis. In tubular epithelial cells we have recently described that Gremlin induces EMT and acts as a downstream TGF-β mediator. Our aim was to investigate whether Gremlin participates in EMT by the regulation of the Smad pathway. Stimulation of human tubular epithelial cells (HK2 with Gremlin caused an early activation of the Smad signaling pathway (Smad 2/3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and Smad-dependent gene transcription. The blockade of TGF-β, by a neutralizing antibody against active TGF-β, did not modify Gremlin-induced early Smad activation. These data show that Gremlin directly, by a TGF-β independent process, activates the Smad pathway. In tubular epithelial cells long-term incubation with Gremlin increased TGF-β production and caused a sustained Smad activation and a phenotype conversion into myofibroblasts-like cells. Smad 7 overexpression, which blocks Smad 2/3 activation, diminished EMT changes observed in Gremlin-transfected tubuloepithelial cells. TGF-β neutralization also diminished Gremlin-induced EMT changes. In conclusion, we propose that Gremlin could participate in renal fibrosis by inducing EMT in tubular epithelial cells through activation of Smad pathway and induction of TGF-β.

  9. In vivo guided vascular regeneration with a non-porous elastin-like polypeptide hydrogel tubular scaffold.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahara, Atsushi; Kiick, Kristi L; Yamaoka, Tetsuji

    2017-06-01

    Herein, we demonstrate a new approach for small-caliber vascular reconstruction using a non-porous elastin-like polypeptide hydrogel tubular scaffold, based on the concept of guided vascular regeneration (GVR). The scaffolds are composed of elastin-like polypeptide, (Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly) n , for compliance matching and antithrombogenicity and an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif for connective tissue regeneration. When the polypeptide was mixed with an aqueous solution of β-[Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]propionic acid at 37°C, the polypeptide hydrogel was rapidly formed. The elastic modulus of the hydrogel was 4.4 kPa. The hydrogel tubular scaffold was formed in a mold and reinforced with poly(lactic acid) nanofibers. When tubular scaffolds with an inner diameter of 1 mm and length of 5 mm were implanted into rat abdominal aortae, connective tissue grew along the scaffold luminal surface from the flanking native tissues, resulting in new blood vessel tissue with a thickness of 200 μm in 1 month. In contrast, rats implanted with control scaffolds without the RGD motif died. These results indicate that the non-porous hydrogel tubular scaffold containing the RGD motif effectively induced rapid tissue regeneration and that GVR is a promising strategy for the regeneration of small-diameter blood vessels. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1746-1755, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  10. Renal tubular dysfunction nephrocalcinosis in a patient with BetaThalassemia Minor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prabahar, M.R.; Jain, M.; Chandrasekaran, V.; Indumathi, E.; Soundrarajan, P.

    2008-01-01

    Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia resulting from defect in hemoglobinproduction. Beta thalassemia is due to impaired production. Beta thalassemiais due to impaired production of beta globin chains, leading to a relativeexcess of alpha globin chains. The term beta thalassemia minor is used todescribe heterozygotes, who carry one normal beta globin and one betathalassemic allele. The vast majority of these patients are asymptomatic.However, a variety of renal tubular abnormalities including hypercaliuria,hypomagnesemia with renal magnesium wasting, decreased tubular absorption ofphosphorous, hypouricemia with renal uric acid wasting, renal glycosuria andtubular proteinuria have been described even in patients with betathalassemia minor. We here in report a 24-year old patient who was found tohave thalassemia minor and nephrocalcinosis with evidence of renal tubulardysfunction. Investigations revealed normal renal function, hypercalciuria,reduced tubular reabsorption of phosphorous, hypomagnesemia and renalmagnesium wasting. Screening for aminoaciduria was found to be negative. Anacid loading test revealed normal urinary acidification. Ultrasonogram of theabdomen revealed nephrocalcinosis and splenomegaly. Detailed work up foranemia showed normal white cell and platelet count while peripheral smearshowed microcytic hypochromic anemia with few target cells. Hemoglobinelectrophoresis revealed hemoglobin A of 92%, hemoglobin A2 of 6.2% andhemoglobin F of 1.8% consistent with beta thalassemia minor. Her parentalscreening was normal. A diagnosis of beta thalassemia minor with renaltubular dysfunction was made and the patient was started on thiazidediuretics to reduce hypercalciuria and advised regular follow-up. (author)

  11. Isolation and characterization of a primary proximal tubular epithelial cell model from human kidney by CD10/CD13 double labeling.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cynthia Van der Hauwaert

    Full Text Available Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells play a central role in renal physiology and are among the cell types most sensitive to ischemia and xenobiotic nephrotoxicity. In order to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of kidney injuries, a stable and well-characterized primary culture model of proximal tubular cells is required. An existing model of proximal tubular cells is hampered by the cellular heterogeneity of kidney; a method based on cell sorting for specific markers must therefore be developed. In this study, we present a primary culture model based on the mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of healthy tissue obtained from nephrectomy specimens. Renal epithelial cells were sorted using co-labeling for CD10 and CD13, two renal proximal tubular epithelial markers, by flow cytometry. Their purity, phenotypic stability and functional properties were evaluated over several passages. Our results demonstrate that CD10/CD13 double-positive cells constitute a pure, functional and stable proximal tubular epithelial cell population that displays proximal tubule markers and epithelial characteristics over the long term, whereas cells positive for either CD10 or CD13 alone appear to be heterogeneous. In conclusion, this study describes a method for establishing a robust renal proximal tubular epithelial cell model suitable for further experimentation.

  12. Correlação do esquema de imunossupressão com complicações pós-operatórias em transplantes renais através do uso da cintilografia renal dinâmica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martins Flávia Paiva Proença

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available A cintilografia renal dinâmica possibilita o diagnóstico de complicações observadas nos tecidos transplantados, como desordens na perfusão do órgão, necrose tubular aguda e quadros de rejeição. Empregamos o 99mTc-DTPA neste estudo e correlacionamos os achados cintilográficos e clínicos visando ao diagnóstico de rejeição ou outra forma de complicação no órgão transplantado. Tanto as rejeições quanto as complicações foram avaliadas em relação ao tipo de imunossupressão utilizada. Foram analisados 55 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal entre 1989 e 1999. Todos os pacientes com nefrotoxicidade faziam uso do esquema tríplice de imunossupressão. Neste estudo houve predominância de rejeição aguda, em 40,4% dos casos. Treze dos quinze pacientes cujos doadores eram cadáveres tiveram necrose tubular aguda. Foi observado apenas um caso falso-positivo, em que o exame cintilográfico foi incompatível com a clínica. Sugerimos o uso da cintilografia renal no acompanhamento pós-operatório dos pacientes transplantados.

  13. Tubular foreign body or stent: safe retrieval or repositioning using the coaxial snare technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seong, Chang Kyu; Kim, Yong Joo; Chung, Jin Wook; Kim, Seung Hyup; Han, Joon Koo; Kim, Hyun Beom; Park, Jae Hyung

    2002-01-01

    To evaluate the utility and advantages of the coaxial snare technique in the retrieval of tubular foreign bodies. Using the coaxial snare technique, we attempted to retrieve tubular foreign bodies present in seven patients. The bodies were either stents which were malpositioned or had migrated from their correct position in the vascular system (n=2), a fragmented venous introducer sheath (n=1), fragmented drainage catheters in the biliary tree (n=2), or fractured external drainage catheters in the urinary tract (n=2). After passing a guidewire and/or a dilator through the lumina of these foreign bodies, we introduced a loop snare over the guidewire or dilator, thus capturing and retrieving them. In all cases, it was possible to retrieve or reposition the various items, using a minimum-sized introducer sheath or a tract. No folding was involved. In no case were surgical procedures required, and no complications were encountered. The coaxial snare technique, an application of the loop snare technique, is a useful and safe method for the retrieval of tubular foreign bodies, and one which involves minimal injury to the patient

  14. Comparação da Estabilidade do Arco e da Variabilidade da Geometria de Soldas obtidas pelos Processos MIG/MAG e Arame Tubular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romário Mauricio Urbanetto Nogueira

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available ResumoApesar da similaridade, os processos MIG/MAG e Eletrodo Tubular apresentam particularidades quanto à estabilidade do arco e variabilidade nas características dos cordões. Assim, a escolha de um dos processos, para aplicação específica deveria considerar como tais particularidades afetam a qualidade destas soldas. Para subsidiar esta escolha, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como a mudança na corrente média afeta a estabilidade e a regularidade das transferências de metal em soldas realizadas com tensão constante e corrente pulsada e comparar a variabilidade da geometria e da diluição destas soldas. Para atingir estes objetivos foram realizadas soldas automatizadas, tendo como metal de base o aço ABNT 1020 e como metais de adição o arame AWS ER70S-6 e AWS E71T-1. Além das soldas com variação da corrente média, os testes envolveram a determinação dos parâmetros para a ocorrência de transferência estável por curto-circuito, goticular e pulsado. Os resultados mostraram que a tensão que determina a maior estabilidade na transferência pelo modo curto-circuito, independe da velocidade de soldagem e aumenta com a velocidade do arame, mostraram também que as soldas com arame tubular apresentaram maiores variabilidades comparadas ao arame maciço.

  15. Tubular fluoropolymer arrays with high piezoelectric response

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhukov, Sergey; Eder-Goy, Dagmar; Biethan, Corinna; Fedosov, Sergey; Xu, Bai-Xiang; von Seggern, Heinz

    2018-01-01

    Polymers with electrically charged internal air cavities called ferroelectrets exhibit a pronounced piezoelectric effect and are regarded as soft functional materials suitable for sensor and actuator applications. In this work, a simple method for fabricating piezoelectret arrays with open-tubular channels is introduced. A set of individual fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) tubes is compressed between two heated metal plates. The squeezed FEP tubes are melted together at +270 °C. The resulting structure is a uniform, multi-tubular, flat array that reveals a strong piezoelectric response after a poling step. The fabricated arrays have a high ratio between piezoelectrically active and non-active areas. The optimal charging voltage and stability of the piezoelectric coefficients with pressures and frequency were experimentally investigated for two specific array structures with wall thickness of 50 and 120 μm. The array fabricated from 50 μm thick FEP tubes reveals a stable and high piezoelectric coefficient of {d}33 = 120-160 pC N-1 with a flat frequency response between 0.1 Hz and 10 kHz for pressures between 1 and 100 kPa. An increase of wall thickness to 120 μm is accompanied by a more than twofold decrease in the piezoelectric coefficient as a result of a simultaneously higher effective array stiffness and lower remanent polarization. The obtained experimental results can be used to optimize the array design with regard to the electromechanical performance.

  16. Forming of Polymeric Tubular Micro-components

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Qin, Yi; Zhao, Jie; Anyasodor, Gerald

    2015-01-01

    platform for the production of functional polymeric tubular micro-components. The chapter gives background on the current market and process development trends, followed by description of materials, process configuration, tool design and machine development for each processing technology as well......This chapter is intended to provide an overview of three nontraditional shaping technologies for the forming of polymeric micro-tubes, which are hot embossing, blow molding, and cross rolling, as well as realization of a process chain and the integration of a modular machine-based manufacturing...... as strategy for integration of the technologies and equipment into a common platform. Finally, potential applications of the technologies and facilities developed are highlighted....

  17. Defective proximal tubular function in a patient with I-cell disease.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bocca, G.; Monnens, L.A.H.

    2003-01-01

    A girl with a proven diagnosis of I-cell disease is presented. Proximal tubular dysfunction was characterized by increased excretion of low molecular proteins, aminoaciduria, hyperphosphaturia, and high/slightly increased urinary calcium. The concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol in serum was

  18. Vulnerabilidades clínicas e sociais em usuários de crack de acordo com a situação de moradia: um estudo multicêntrico de seis capitais brasileiras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Chwartzmann Halpern

    Full Text Available Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a gravidade do uso de substâncias psicoativas, situações de violência, saúde física e emocional de usuários de crack que buscam atendimento em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial para Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad, em relação ao status de moradia. Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico em seis capitais brasileiras, com 564 usuários de crack categorizados em dois grupos: (1 usuários que estiveram em situação de rua (n = 266 e (2 nunca estiveram em situação de rua (n = 298. Para avaliar a gravidade do uso de substâncias e as características dos indivíduos utilizou-se o Addiction Severity Index, 6ª versão (ASI-6. Os usuários do grupo 1 demonstraram piores indicadores em relação às subescalas álcool, problemas médicos, psiquiátricos, trabalho e suporte familiar, além de maior envolvimento com problemas legais, violência, abuso sexual, risco de suicídio e problemas de saúde como HIV/AIDS, hepatite e tuberculose, além de possuírem menos renda para pagar necessidades básicas. Após análises multivariadas ajustadas para possíveis confundidores, não possuir renda suficiente para pagar necessidades básicas, apresentar sintomas depressivos e ter sido preso por roubo permaneceram significativos. Este trabalho avaliou de forma mais abrangente a gravidade do uso de drogas e a situação de moradia de usuários de crack. Abordagens desenvolvidas nos dispositivos de tratamento extra-hospitalares devem ser projetadas e adequadas de acordo com perfis e demandas específicos dos usuários, em especial aqueles em situação de rua.

  19. Design, Fabrication and Test of a Full Scale Copper Tubular Combustion Chamber

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cooley, Christine

    2002-01-01

    This paper presents the design fabrication and test of a full scale copper tubular combustion chamber as an enabling technology for future application in a high thrust upper-stage expander-cycle engine...

  20. Pólen de gimnospermas e angiospermas em sedimentos quaternários de duas matas com Araucária, planalto leste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen in Quaternary sediments from two Araucaria forests on the Rio Grande do Sul State eastern plateau, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caroline Scherer

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Catálogos polínicos de material contido em sedimentos servem como referência em estudos de reconstituição paleoambiental dos últimos milênios. Nesse contexto, a análise palinológica de dois perfis sedimentares do interior de matas com Araucária do estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi realizada. São apresentadas descrições dos grãos de pólen e dados ecológicos dos respectivos táxons de gimnospermas e angiospermas. A análise envolveu amostras de dois perfis sedimentares do Quaternário Tardio de São Francisco de Paula (perfil 1: Alpes de São Francisco, 29º29'S-50º37'W, perfil 2: Banhado Amarelo, 29º18'S-50º08'W, coletados com o Amostrador de Hiller. O processamento químico das amostras seguiu o método padrão, com HCl, HF, KOH, acetólise e montagem das lâminas em gelatina-glicerinada. A análise foi realizada em microscopia óptica. A descrição de cada material é acompanhada de ilustrações. São apresentados palinomorfos de três gimnospermas e 65 angiospermas. A grande riqueza do espectro polínico mostra a potencialidade deste material em oferecer informações ambientais relevantes no estudo da gênese e dinâmica da mata com Araucária.Sedimentary pollen catalogues are aids in the study of paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the last millennia. In this context, palynological analysis of two sedimentary profiles from inside Araucaria forests of Rio Grande do Sul state was done. Descriptions of gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen and ecological data of the respective taxa are presented. The analysis involved samples of two sedimentary profiles from the Late Quaternary of São Francisco de Paula (profile 1: Alpes de São Francisco, 29º29'S-50º37'W, profile 2: Banhado Amarelo, 29º18'S-50º08'W, collected with a Hiller Sampler. Chemical processing of the samples followed standard methodology, using HCl, HF, KOH, acetolysis and slide mounts in glycerol-jelly. The analysis was done by light microscopy. All material is

  1. Autophagy activation promotes removal of damaged mitochondria and protects against renal tubular injury induced by albumin overload.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Jin; Wang, Miaohong; Song, Shuling; Miao, Yuyang; Zhang, Qiang

    2018-01-10

    Proteinuria (albuminuria) is an important cause of aggravating tubulointerstitial injury. Previous studies have shown that autophagy activation can alleviate renal tubular epithelial cell injury caused by urinary protein, but the mechanism is not clear. Here, we investigated the role of clearance of damaged mitochondria in this protective effect. We found that albumin overload induces a significant increase in turnover of LC3-II and decrease in p62 protein level in renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells in vitro. Albumin overload also induces an increase in mitochondrial damage. ALC, a mitochondrial torpent, alleviates mitochondrial damage induced by albumin overload and also decreases autophagy, while mitochondrial damage revulsant CCCP further increases autophagy. Furthermore, pretreatment of HK-2 cells with rapamycin reduced the amount of damaged mitochondria and the level of apoptosis induced by albumin overload. In contrast, blocking autophagy with chloroquine exerted an opposite effect. Taken together, our results indicated autophagy activation promotes removal of damaged mitochondria and protects against renal tubular injury caused by albumin overload. This further confirms previous research that autophagy activation is an adaptive response in renal tubular epithelial cells after urinary protein overload.

  2. Fabrication and characterization of an all-diamond tubular flow microelectrode for electroanalysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hutton, Laura A; Vidotti, Marcio; Iacobini, James G; Kelly, Chris; Newton, Mark E; Unwin, Patrick R; Macpherson, Julie V

    2011-07-15

    The development of the first all-diamond hydrodynamic flow device for electroanalytical applications is described. Here alternate layers of intrinsic (insulating), conducting (heavily boron doped), and intrinsic polycrystalline diamond are grown to create a sandwich structure. By laser cutting a hole through the material, it is possible to produce a tubular flow ring electrode of a characteristic length defined by the thickness of the conducting layer (for these studies ∼90 μm). The inside of the tube can be polished to 17 ± 10 nm surface roughness using a diamond impregnanted wire resulting in a coplanar, smooth, all-diamond surface. The steady-state limiting current versus volume flow rate characteristics for the one electron oxidation of FcTMA(+) are in agreement with those expected for laminar flow in a tubular electrode geometry. For dopamine detection, it is shown that the combination of the reduced fouling properties of boron doped diamond, coupled with the flow geometry design where the products of electrolysis are washed away downstream of the electrode, completely eradicates fouling during electrolysis. This paves the way for incorporation of this flow design into online electroanalytical detection systems. Finally, the all diamond tubular flow electrode system described here provides a platform for future developments including the development of ultrathin ring electrodes, multiple apertures for increased current response, and multiple, individually addressable ring electrodes incorporated into the same flow tube.

  3. Hyperuricemia Induces Wnt5a/Ror2 Gene Expression, Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition, and Kidney Tubular Injury in Mice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Background: Hyperuricemia contributes to kidney injury, characterized by tubular injury with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT. Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling drives EMT in many kidney pathologies. This study sought to evaluate the involvement of Wnt5a/Ror2 in hyperuricemia-induced EMT in kidney tubular injury. Methods: A hyperuricemia model was performed in male Swiss background mice (3 months old, 30–40 g with daily intraperitoneal injections of 125 mg/kg body weight (BW of uric acid. The mice were terminated on day 7 (UA7, n=5 and on day 14 (UA14, n=5. Allopurinol groups (UAl7 and UAl14, each n=5 were added with oral 50 mg/kg BW of allopurinol treatment. The serum uric acid level was quantified, and tubular injury was assessed based on PAS staining. Reverse transcriptase-PCR was done to quantify Wnt5a, Ror2, E-cadherin, and vimentin expressions. IHC staining was done for E-cadherin and collagen I. We used the Shapiro–Wilk for normality testing and one-way ANOVA for variance analysis with a P<0.05 as significance level using SPSS 22 software. Results: The hyperuricemia groups had a higher uric acid level, which was associated with a higher tubular injury score. Meanwhile, the allopurinol groups had a significantly lower uric acid level and tubular injury than the uric acid groups. Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed downregulation of the E-cadherin expression. While vimentin and collagen I expression are upregulated, which was associated with a higher Wnt5a expression. However, the allopurinol groups had reverse results. Immunostaining revealed a reduction in E-cadherin staining in the epithelial cells and collagen I positive staining in the epithelial cells and the interstitial areas. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia induced tubular injury, which might have been mediated by EMT through the activation of Wnt5a.

  4. Dexmedetomidine and S(+-ketamine in ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat kidney Dexmedetomidina e S(+-cetamina em lesão de isquemia e reperfusão no rim de rato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Geraldo Curtis

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To investigate blood creatinine and renal histology in rats anesthetized with S(+-ketamine (keta or dexmedetomidine (dex and submitted to kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI. METHODS: Under intraperitoneal (ip S(+-ketamine, 20 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n=10: maintenance with iv S(+-ketamine or dex (keta and dex groups, and submitted to right (R nephrectomy and left (L renal artery clamping for 45 min. Blood creatinine was measured before ischemia (T1 and 48h after reperfusion (T2, when L nephrectomy was performed. Histological analysis was performed in all kidneys. RESULTS: Blood creatinine was significantly higher at T2 in both groups, but dex group results were lower than those of keta group. Histological changes: between groups, R kidneys did not differ; there were significant high scores for vascular dilation: keta L kidneys; for vascular congestion, tubular dilation, and necrosis: L kidneys from both groups; for tubular degeneration: keta R kidneys. CONCLUSION: S(+-ketamine plus IRI were aggressive to rat kidneys, according to histological changes, and dexmedetomidine may have not totally protected the kidneys from these injuries, despite the better results of blood creatinine.OBJETIVO: Investigar a creatinina sanguínea e histologia renal em ratos anestesiados com S(+-cetamina (ceta ou dexmedetomidina (dex e submetidos à lesão de isquemia/reperfusão renal (IR. MÉTODOS: Sob S(+-cetamina intraperitoneal (ip, 20 ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos em dois grupos (n=10: manutenção com S(+-cetamina ou dexmedetomidina, iv, (grupos ceta e dex, e submetidos à nefrectomia direita (D e clampeamento da artéria renal esquerda (E por 45 min. A creatinina sanguínea foi dosada antes da isquemia (T1 e 48h após a reperfusão (T2, quando foi realizada nefrectomia E. Houve análise histológica de todos os rins. RESULTADOS: A creatinina foi significativamente maior em T2 em ambos os grupos, porém menor com a

  5. Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with type 4 renal tubular acidosis: a case report and review of the literature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Young Larry

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Introduction Type 4 renal tubular acidosis is an uncommon clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and has been reported to portend a poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report which highlights the successful management of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by type 4 renal tubular acidosis who did not do poorly. Case presentation A 44-year-old Hispanic woman developed a non-anion gap hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis consistent with type 4 renal tubular acidosis while being treated in the hospital for recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus with multi-organ involvement. She responded well to treatment with corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and mycophenolate mofetil. Normal renal function was achieved prior to discharge and remained normal at the patient's one-month follow-up examination. Conclusion This case increases awareness of an uncommon association between systemic lupus erythematosus and type 4 renal tubular acidosis and suggests a positive impact of early diagnosis and appropriate immunosuppressive treatment on the patient's outcome.

  6. Overendocytosis of gold nanoparticles increases autophagy and apoptosis in hypoxic human renal proximal tubular cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ding F

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Fengan Ding,1 Yiping Li,1 Jing Liu,1 Lei Liu,1 Wenmin Yu,1 Zhi Wang,1 Haifeng Ni,2 Bicheng Liu,2 Pingsheng Chen1,2 1School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Nephrology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China Background: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs can potentially be used in biomedical fields ranging from therapeutics to diagnostics, and their use will result in increased human exposure. Many studies have demonstrated that GNPs can be deposited in the kidneys, particularly in renal tubular epithelial cells. Chronic hypoxic is inevitable in chronic kidney diseases, and it results in renal tubular epithelial cells that are susceptible to different types of injuries. However, the understanding of the interactions between GNPs and hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells is still rudimentary. In the present study, we characterized the cytotoxic effects of GNPs in hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells.Results: Both 5 nm and 13 nm GNPs were synthesized and characterized using various biophysical methods, including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. We detected the cytotoxicity of 5 and 13 nm GNPs (0, 1, 25, and 50 nM to human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2 by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay, but we just found the toxic effect in the 5 nm GNP-treated cells at 50 nM dose under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, the transmission electron microscopy images revealed that GNPs were either localized in vesicles or free in the lysosomes in 5 nm GNPs-treated HK-2 cells, and the cellular uptake of the GNPs in the hypoxic cells was significantly higher than that in normoxic cells. In normoxic HK-2 cells, 5 nm GNPs (50 nM treatment could cause autophagy and cell survival. However, in hypoxic conditions, the GNP exposure at the same condition led to the

  7. Política partidária e meio ambiente: a adesão dos partidos políticos brasileiros à agenda verde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Teixeira de Barros

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa como os partidos políticos brasileiros incorporam temas ambientais em seus programas partidários. A metodologia consistiu no monitoramento dos websites dos partidos, com um mapeamento das estratégias utilizadas no que se refere à adesão das legendas à agenda socioambiental. O levantamento foi realizado no período de agosto a setembro de 2014, durante a campanha eleitoral. Dos 32 partidos registrados na Justiça Eleitoral, 20 incorporam temáticas ecológicas em seus websites(62,5%, por meio de quatro principais estratégias: inclusão do tema no programa partidário, criação de núcleo socioambiental nos websites, oferta de cursos online de educação ambiental e divulgação de noticiário ecológico. Identificam-se quatro perfis partidários de governança ecológica: preservacionistas, desenvolvimentistas, críticos ao capitalismo e ecologistas sistêmicos. Em todos os perfis, o Estado exerce um papel central como ator das políticas ambientais propostas pelos partidos. A ampla adesão partidária aos temas ecológicos mostra que a agenda verde se tornou uma questão política estabelecida e um tema transpartidário, além da divisão esquerda x direita.

  8. Utilização do antibiograma como ferramenta de tipagem fenotípica de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de manipuladores , leite cru e queijo minas frescal em laticínio de Goiás, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges André

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho teve por objetivo isolar, identificar e caracterizar fenotipicamente utilizando o antibiograma, Staphylococcus aureus isolados de manipuladores, leite cru e queijo Minas Frescal, em um laticínio de Goiás. Durante doze meses (Março/2004 a Fevereiro/2005 140 amostras foram analisadas. As cepas foram isoladas de 75% dos manipuladores resultando em 31 (33,7% isolados a partir de 92 amostras coletadas (46 de mãos e 46 de nasofaringe. Das 24 amostras de leite cru, 18 (75,0% foram positivas, resultando em 26 isolados, com média de contagem de 1,1 x 10(5 UFC/ml. Das 24 amostras de queijo 17 (70,8% foram positivas originando 20 isolados, com média de 3,8 x 10(4 UFC/g, sendo 13 (54,2% com população acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira (10³ UFC/g. A tipagem das cepas foi feita pelo antibiograma, através do método de difusão em placas. Todos os isolados foram susceptíveis à ciprofloxacina e gentamicina. Foi observada resistência em cinco (6,5% isolados para eritromicina, 19 (24,7% para tetraciclina, um (1,3% para vancomicina, quatro (5,2% para oxacilina e 53 (68,8% para penicilina. Onze (14,3% isolados foram susceptíveis a todos os antibióticos testados e 18 (23,4% foram resistentes a mais de um antibiótico. O antibiograma permitiu a classificação das cepas em doze perfis diferentes (A-L, porém não foi uma técnica eficiente em determinar a origem da contaminação final do queijo.

  9. Performance evaluation of fractional-slot tubular permanent magnet machines with low space harmonics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang Jiabin

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper evaluates the perforamnce of fractional-slot per pole winding configurations for tubular permanent magnet (PM machines that can effectively eliminate the most undesirable space harmonics in a simple and cost-effective manner. The benefits of the proposed machine topology winding configurations are illustrated through comparison with 9-slot, 10-pole tubular PM machine developed for a free piston energy converter under the same specification and volumetric constraints. It has been shown that the proposed machine topology results in more than 7 times reduction in the eddy current loss in the mover magnets and supporting tube, and hence avoids potential problem of excessive mover temperature and risk of demagnetization.

  10. COMPORTAMENTO DE PRODUTOS LÁCTEOS PROTÉICOS EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES SIMULADAS DE PROCESSAMENTO TÉRMICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Stephani

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Produtos lácteos protéicos (MPP são rotineiramente utilizados pelas indústrias, com o objetivo de promover melhoria na textura, no rendimento e na palatabilidade dos alimentos processados. Entender o comportamento da desnaturação térmica das proteínas dos ingredientes na matriz alimentícia é de fundamental importância para a indústria, pois esta propriedade influencia os atributos dos produtos processados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cinética de desenvolvimento da viscosidade dos MPP em diferentes concentrações, quando submetidos a diferentes condições de processamento térmico, utilizando o Analisador Rápido de Viscosidade (RVA como simulador de processo. Foram analisadas amostras comerciais de leite em pó desnatado (SMP, concentrado protéico de soro (WPC, concentrado protéico de leite (MPC, soro em pó (WP e soro em pó desmineralizado (DWP. Os intervalos das concentrações sólido-líquido avaliados foram 0,1 g.g-1 a 0,4 g.g-1 para o WPC/MPC e 0,5 g.g-1 a 0,8 g.g-1 de base seca em 1g de água para SMP, WP e DWP, devido a grande sensibilidade do sistema à concentração de sólidos. Diferentes tratamentos térmicos aplicados pelas indústrias brasileiras foram utilizados 65ºC por 30 minutos, 85ºC por 15 minutos e 95ºC por 5 minutos. Os resultados foram interpretados em função da taxa de espessamento durante o aquecimento e resfriamento. Foi possível otimizar as diferentes condições das variáveis dos MPP com a interpretação dos perfis viscográficos obtidos, com referência ao comportamento térmico das proteínas, especialmente para o WPC e o MPC. Em adição, o RVA pode ser considerado um ferramenta analítica emergente para o estudo e conhecimento dos MPP, otimizando a escolha da aplicação tecnológica na indústria de alimentos, utilizando a análise de viscosidade para estimar a desnaturação protéica.

  11. Oscillations of manometric tubular springs with rigid end

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cherentsov, D. A.; Pirogov, S. P.; Dorofeev, S. M.; Ryabova, Y. S.

    2018-05-01

    The paper presents a mathematical model of attenuating oscillations of manometric tubular springs (MTS) taking into account the rigid tip. The dynamic MTS model is presented in the form of a thin-walled curved rod oscillating in the plane of curvature of the central axis. Equations for MTS oscillations are obtained in accordance with the d’Alembert principle in projections onto the normal and tangential. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to solve the equations obtained.

  12. Proliferative capacity of stem/progenitor-like cells in the kidney may associate with the outcome of patients with acute tubular necrosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Youxin; Wang, Bingyin; Jiang, Xinxin; Hu, Weiming; Feng, Jian; Li, Hua; Jin, Mei; Ying, Yingjuan; Wang, Wenjuan; Mao, Xiaoou; Jin, Kunlin

    2011-08-01

    Animal studies indicate that adult renal stem/progenitor cells can undergo rapid proliferation in response to renal injury, but whether the same is true in humans is largely unknown. To examine the profile of renal stem/progenitor cells responsible for acute tubular necrosis in human kidney, double and triple immunostaining was performed using proliferative marker and stem/progenitor protein markers on sections from 10 kidneys with acute tubular necrosis and 4 normal adult kidneys. The immunopositive cells were recorded using 2-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy. We found that dividing cells were present in the tubules of the cortex and medulla, as well as the glomerulus in normal human kidney. Proliferative cells in the parietal layer of Bowman capsule expressed CD133, and dividing cells in the tubules expressed immature cell protein markers paired box gene 2, vimentin, and nestin. After acute tubular necrosis, Ki67-positive cells in the cortex tubules significantly increased compared with normal adult kidney. These Ki67-positive cells expressed CD133 and paired box gene 2, but not the cell death marker, activated caspase-3. In addition, the number of dividing cells increased significantly in patients with acute tubular necrosis who subsequently recovered, compared with patients with acute tubular necrosis who consequently developed protracted acute tubular necrosis or died. Our data suggest that renal stem/progenitor cells may reside not only in the parietal layer of Bowman capsule but also in the cortex and medulla in normal human kidney, and the proliferative capacity of renal stem/progenitor cells after acute tubular necrosis may be an important determinant of a patient's outcome. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Treatment of wastewater containing phenol using a tubular ceramic membrane bioreactor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ersu, C B; Ong, S K

    2008-02-01

    The performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a tubular ceramic membrane for phenol removal was evaluated under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) and a fixed sludge residence time (SRT) of 30 days. The tubular ceramic membrane was operated with a mode of 15 minutes of filtration followed by 15 seconds of permeate backwashing at a flux of 250 l m(-2)hr(-1) along with an extended backwashing of 30 seconds every 3 hours of operation, which maintained the transmembrane pressure (TMP) below 100 kPa. Using a simulated municipal wastewater with varying phenol concentrations, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removals observed were greater than 88% with excellent suspended solids (SS) removal of 100% at low phenol concentrations (approx. 100 mg l(-1) of phenol). Step increases in phenol concentration showed that inhibition was observed between 600 to 800 mg l(-1) of phenol with decreased sludge production rate, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration, and removal performance. The sludge volume index (SVI) of the biomass increased to about 450 ml g(-1) for a phenol input concentration of 800 mg l(-1). When the phenol concentration was decreased to 100 mg l(-1), the ceramic tubular MBR was found to recover rapidly indicating that the MBR is a robust system retaining most of the biomass. Experimental runs using wastewater containing phenol indicated that the MBR can be operated safely without upsets for concentrations up to 600 mg l(-1) of phenol at 2-4 hours HRT and 30 days SRT.

  14. VALORES ORGANIZACIONAIS: FATORES CRÍTICOS A CONTRIBUIR PARA A INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS QUE BUSCAM A ESTRATÉGIA LIDERANÇA EM CUSTOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thais Ettinger Oliveira

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar quais valores organizacionais do Inventário de Valores de Perfis Organizacionais (IPVO mais se relacionam com a estratégia de liderança em custos para empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas. A revisão da literatura sugere que os valores organizacionais são fatores que influenciam o comportamento das empresas e, por conseguinte, a estratégia por elas adotada para competir. Para isso, utilizou-se pesquisa tipo exploratória, por meio de entrevistas pessoais realizadas com executivos da área de Recursos Humanos de empresas do setor de autopeças filiadas ao SINDIPEÇAS, as quais estão inseridas no mercado, adotando a estratégia tipo liderança em custo. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da Técnica Análise de Conteúdo, e os achados dessa análise fornecem evidências de que os valores organizacionais − que são aqueles constituídos por papéis, normas e valores e não por partes físicas ou equipamentos técnicos voltados para as pessoas − exercem forte influência nessas empresas. A pesquisa traz evidências de que os valores organizacionais mais importantes para a internacionalização dessas empresas são respectivamente: (1 bem-estar, (2 coletividade, (3 domínio, (4 autonomia e (5 realização. Esses resultados indicam que trabalhar em um ambiente agradável e, mesmo, prazeroso pode fornecer vantagem competitiva para a empresa.

  15. Distal renal tubular acidosis in recurrent renal stone formers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Osther, P J; Hansen, A B; Røhl, H F

    1989-01-01

    Renal acidification ability was examined in 90 recurrent renal stone formers, using fasting morning urinary pH levels followed by a short ammonium chloride loading test in subjects with pH levels above 6.0. Fifteen patients (16.6%) revealed a distal renal tubular acidification defect: one patient......, this has important therapeutic implications. The pathological sequence in renal stone formers with dRTA is discussed....

  16. Stressed waveguides with tubular depressed-cladding inscribed in phosphate glasses by femtosecond hollow laser beams.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Long, Xuewen; Bai, Jing; Zhao, Wei; Stoian, Razvan; Hui, Rongqing; Cheng, Guanghua

    2012-08-01

    We report on the single-step fabrication of stressed optical waveguides with tubular depressed-refractive-index cladding in phosphate glasses by the use of focused femtosecond hollow laser beams. Tubelike low index regions appear under direct exposure due to material rarefaction following expansion. Strained compacted zones emerged in domains neighboring the tubular track of lower refractive index, and waveguiding occurs mainly within the tube core fabricated by the engineered femtosecond laser beam. The refractive index profile of the optical waveguide was reconstructed from the measured transmitted near-field intensity.

  17. Nifedipine inhibits advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) interaction-mediated proximal tubular cell injury via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Matsui, Takanori [Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume (Japan); Yamagishi, Sho-ichi, E-mail: shoichi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp [Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume (Japan); Takeuchi, Masayoshi [Department of Pathophysiological Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa (Japan); Ueda, Seiji; Fukami, Kei; Okuda, Seiya [Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume (Japan)

    2010-07-23

    Research highlights: {yields} Nifedipine inhibited the AGE-induced up-regulation of RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells, which was prevented by GW9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma}. {yields} GW9662 treatment alone increased RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells. {yields} Nifedipine inhibited the AGE-induced reactive oxygen species generation, NF-{kappa}B activation and increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and transforming growth factor-{beta} gene expression in tubular cells, all of which were blocked by GW9662. -- Abstract: There is a growing body of evidence that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) interaction evokes oxidative stress generation and subsequently elicits inflammatory and fibrogenic reactions, thereby contributing to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously found that nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker (CCB), inhibits the AGE-induced mesangial cell damage in vitro. However, effects of nifedipine on proximal tubular cell injury remain unknown. We examined here whether and how nifedipine blocked the AGE-induced tubular cell damage. Nifedipine, but not amlodipine, a control CCB, inhibited the AGE-induced up-regulation of RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells, which was prevented by the simultaneous treatment of GW9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} (PPAR{gamma}). GW9662 treatment alone was found to increase RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells. Further, nifedipine inhibited the AGE-induced reactive oxygen species generation, NF-{kappa}B activation and increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and transforming growth factor-beta gene expression in tubular cells, all of which were blocked by GW9662. Our present study provides a unique beneficial aspect of nifedipine on diabetic nephropathy; it could work as an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agent against AGEs in tubular cells by suppressing RAGE expression

  18. Nifedipine inhibits advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) interaction-mediated proximal tubular cell injury via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsui, Takanori; Yamagishi, Sho-ichi; Takeuchi, Masayoshi; Ueda, Seiji; Fukami, Kei; Okuda, Seiya

    2010-01-01

    Research highlights: → Nifedipine inhibited the AGE-induced up-regulation of RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells, which was prevented by GW9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. → GW9662 treatment alone increased RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells. → Nifedipine inhibited the AGE-induced reactive oxygen species generation, NF-κB activation and increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and transforming growth factor-β gene expression in tubular cells, all of which were blocked by GW9662. -- Abstract: There is a growing body of evidence that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) interaction evokes oxidative stress generation and subsequently elicits inflammatory and fibrogenic reactions, thereby contributing to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously found that nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker (CCB), inhibits the AGE-induced mesangial cell damage in vitro. However, effects of nifedipine on proximal tubular cell injury remain unknown. We examined here whether and how nifedipine blocked the AGE-induced tubular cell damage. Nifedipine, but not amlodipine, a control CCB, inhibited the AGE-induced up-regulation of RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells, which was prevented by the simultaneous treatment of GW9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). GW9662 treatment alone was found to increase RAGE mRNA levels in tubular cells. Further, nifedipine inhibited the AGE-induced reactive oxygen species generation, NF-κB activation and increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and transforming growth factor-beta gene expression in tubular cells, all of which were blocked by GW9662. Our present study provides a unique beneficial aspect of nifedipine on diabetic nephropathy; it could work as an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agent against AGEs in tubular cells by suppressing RAGE expression via PPARγ activation.

  19. Achados clínicos e patológicos em cães infectados naturalmente por herpesvírus canino

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo C. Oliveira

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Descrevem-se os achados clínicos e patológicos e os exames laboratoriais de filhotes de cães com diagnóstico post mortem de infecção por herpesvírus canino. Os casos ocorreram em duas propriedades da Cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, em abril de 2007 e julho de 2008. Clinicamente, os cães apresentaram anorexia, apatia, choro e dispneia. A morte dos cães ocorreu após 24-72 horas do início dos sinais clínicos. Na necropsia observaram-se hemorragia multifocal renal e hepatomegalia com petéquias e pontos brancos na superfície natural do fígado. Os pulmões se apresentaram não-colapsados e vermelhos. Havia esplenomegalia e, em alguns cães, petéquias na superfície capsular do baço. Aumento dos linfonodos mesentéricos e do timo foi observado. Lesões microscópicas incluíram hemorragia e necrose multifocal em células epiteliais tubulares renais, hepatócitos e tecidos linfoides. Nos pulmões, havia necrose alveolar multifocal acentuada com abundante material fibrinoso e infiltrado inflamatório misto de intensidade variada. Ocasionais corpúsculos de inclusão intranucleares em áreas periféricas à necrose foram identificados em hepatócitos, células epiteliais de túbulos renais e células alveolares. Amostras de fígado, rim e pulmão foram positivas na imunofluorescência direta para herpesvírus canino tipo 1 (CHV-1. O diagnóstico de infecção por herpesvírus foi baseado nos achados de necropsia, histológicos e de imunofluorescência positiva em tecidos usando anticorpo anti-CHV-1. De nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato da identificação do CHV-1 no Brasil, embora achados clínico-patológicos anteriores já sugerissem a presença do agente na população canina do país.The clinic and pathological findings and laboratorial testing of puppies with postmortem diagnosis of canine herpesvirus infection are described. The cases occurred in two households of Porto Alegre, RS, in April 2007 and July 2008

  20. Template-based fluoroethylenepropylene piezoelectrets with tubular channels for transducer applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Altafim, Ruy Alberto Pisani; Qiu, Xunlin; Wirges, Werner; Gerhard, Reimund; Altafim, Ruy Alberto Corrêa; Basso, Heitor Cury; Jenninger, Werner; Wagner, Joachim

    2009-07-01

    We describe the concept, the fabrication, and the most relevant properties of a piezoelectric-polymer system: Two fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) films with good electret properties are laminated around a specifically designed and prepared polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) template at 300 °C. After removing the PTFE template, a two-layer FEP film with open tubular channels is obtained. For electric charging, the two-layer FEP system is subjected to a high electric field. The resulting dielectric barrier discharges inside the tubular channels yield a ferroelectret with high piezoelectricity. d33 coefficients of up to 160 pC/N have already been achieved on the ferroelectret films. After charging at suitable elevated temperatures, the piezoelectricity is stable at temperatures of at least 130 °C. Advantages of the transducer films include ease of fabrication at laboratory or industrial scales, a wide range of possible geometrical and processing parameters, straightforward control of the uniformity of the polymer system, flexibility, and versatility of the soft ferroelectrets, and a large potential for device applications e.g., in the areas of biomedicine, communications, production engineering, sensor systems, environmental monitoring, etc.

  1. Rhabdomyolysis with acute tubular necrosis following occupational inhalation of thinners.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ngajilo, D; Ehrlich, R

    2017-07-01

    Thinners are mixtures of organic solvents commonly containing toluene, xylene, acetone, hexane, benzene and methyl isobutyl ketone. This report describes a case of rhabdomyolysis with acute tubular necrosis and renal failure, most likely attributable to toluene, following occupational exposure to thinners while cleaning a steel water tank. These adverse health effects have previously been reported following acute poisoning or intentional inhalation by drug abusers, but rarely in the occupational setting. Poor working conditions, lack of health and safety training and delayed treatment contributed to the onset and severity of the patient's complications. This case emphasizes the need for strict control measures, including adequate ventilation, training on working in confined spaces, appropriate personal protective equipment and emergency rescue procedures in such settings. In addition, rhabdomyolysis, acute tubular necrosis and renal failure should be added to safety data material as possible complications of excessive inhalation of thinners. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  2. Clinical profile and outcome of renal tubular disorders in children: A single center experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B Vijay Kiran

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Tubular disorders form a significant proportion of pediatric kidney diseases and are an important differential diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT in children. Data regarding their outcome is scarce from India. We evaluated the clinical profile of these children and studied the outcome in terms of their growth and renal failure. This is a retrospective longitudinal study of all children with renal tubular disorders attending a tertiary care pediatric nephrology center from 2005 to 2010. Growth and renal outcomes were assessed by Z scores and estimated glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis and. The common disorders encountered were distal renal tubular acidosis (d-RTA (44%, Bartter-like (Bartter′s and Gitelman syndromes (22% followed by hereditary Fanconi syndrome (cystinosis and idiopathic Fanconi syndrome (13% and few cases of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hypophosphatemic rickets and idiopathic hypercalciuria. Male: female ratio was 1.22. The median age at diagnosis was 1.5 (range 0.13-11 years. Growth failure was the presenting feature in 86% of children followed by polyuria (60% and bone deformities (47%. In 60% of children with hereditary Fanconi syndrome, nephropathic cystinosis was diagnosed, all of whom progressed to stage III chronic kidney disease (CKD within 3.41 ± 1.42 years. With appropriate therapy, catch-up growth was noted in d-RTA and Bartter syndrome. Renal tubular disorders usually present with FTT. d-RTA is the most common etiology followed by Bartter-like syndrome. Renal function is preserved in all these disorders except for nephropathic cystinosis, who ultimately progressed to CKD. With appropriate and inexpensive therapy, these children do grow well.

  3. Toxicogenomic multigene biomarker for predicting the future onset of proximal tubular injury in rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Minowa, Yohsuke; Kondo, Chiaki; Uehara, Takeki; Morikawa, Yuji; Okuno, Yasushi; Nakatsu, Noriyuki; Ono, Atsushi; Maruyama, Toshiyuki; Kato, Ikuo; Yamate, Jyoji; Yamada, Hiroshi; Ohno, Yasuo; Urushidani, Tetsuro

    2012-01-01

    Drug-induced renal tubular injury is a major concern in the preclinical safety evaluation of drug candidates. Toxicogenomics is now a generally accepted tool for identifying chemicals with potential safety problems. The specific aim of the present study was to develop a model for use in predicting the future onset of drug-induced proximal tubular injury following repeated dosing with various nephrotoxicants. In total, 41 nephrotoxic and nonnephrotoxic compounds were used for the present analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally or intravenously once daily. Animals were exposed to three different doses (low, middle, and high) of each compound, and kidney tissue was collected at 3, 6, 9, and 24 h after single dosing, and on days 4, 8, 15, and 29 after repeated dosing. Gene expression profiles were generated from kidney total RNA using Affymetrix DNA microarrays. Filter-type gene selection and linear classification algorithms were employed to discriminate future onset of proximal tubular injury. We identified genomic biomarkers for use in future onset prediction using the gene expression profiles determined on day 1, when most of the nephrotoxicants had yet to produce detectable histopathological changes. The model was evaluated using a five-fold cross validation, and achieved a sensitivity of 93% and selectivity of 90% with 19 probes. We also found that the prediction accuracy of the optimized model was substantially higher than that produced by any of the single genomic biomarkers or histopathology. The genes included in our model were primarily involved in DNA replication, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and responses to oxidative stress and chemical stimuli. In summary, our toxicogenomic model is particularly useful for predicting the future onset of proximal tubular injury.

  4. ESTUDO DA DINâMICA DE PERCOLAÇÃO DA ÁGUA NO SOLO - GOUVEIA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maira Lopes Nogueira

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo tem por objetivo obter e analisar informações mais precisas sobre a dinâmica subsuperficial da água de infiltração em solos de parcelas experimentais. Este tema se reveste de grande importância quando correlacionado a outros dados, dentre eles a forma da vertente, a microtopografia, características do solo, entre outros. A capacidade de infiltração tem grande importância devido a sua influência nos processos erosivos de vertente e na capacidade do solo de manter a cobertura vegetal, por exemplo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Gouveia, Espinhaço Meridional, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em uma vertente suavemente ondulada na margem esquerda de um córrego de terceira ordem. Na alta vertente ocorre o Cambissolo e na média, o Latossolo. Os experimentos foram realizados sob diferentes condições iniciais de umidade: no início e no fim de um período chuvoso. A metodologia envolveu três etapas principais: 1 - aplicação no solo de uma solução aquosa traçadora, constituída por água e corante Brilliant Blue FCF; 2 - abertura de perfis de solo para observação do traçador e 3 - coleta e análise de dados de solo. A visualização do movimento da água em subsuperfície por meio do traçador azul foi feita em perfis abertos no solo cinco semanas após a injeção da solução. Os perfis foram abertos tanto perpendicular quanto paralelamente ao escoamento esperado do fluxo na vertente. Os resultados demonstram clara diferença no modo como a água infiltra nos dois diferentes tipos de solos estudados, revelando também a inquestionável influência da forma da vertente e também a eficácia da metodologia empregada para esses estudos.

  5. Scaffold-Free Tubular Tissues Created by a Bio-3D Printer Undergo Remodeling and Endothelialization when Implanted in Rat Aortae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Itoh, Manabu; Nakayama, Koichi; Noguchi, Ryo; Kamohara, Keiji; Furukawa, Kojirou; Uchihashi, Kazuyoshi; Toda, Shuji; Oyama, Jun-ichi; Node, Koichi; Morita, Shigeki

    2015-01-01

    Background Small caliber vascular prostheses are not clinically available because synthetic vascular prostheses lack endothelial cells which modulate platelet activation, leukocyte adhesion, thrombosis, and the regulation of vasomotor tone by the production of vasoactive substances. We developed a novel method to create scaffold-free tubular tissue from multicellular spheroids (MCS) using a “Bio-3D printer”-based system. This system enables the creation of pre-designed three-dimensional structures using a computer controlled robotics system. With this system, we created a tubular structure and studied its biological features. Methods and Results Using a “Bio-3D printer,” we made scaffold-free tubular tissues (inner diameter of 1.5 mm) from a total of 500 MCSs (2.5× 104 cells per one MCS) composed of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (40%), human aortic smooth muscle cells (10%), and normal human dermal fibroblasts (50%). The tubular tissues were cultured in a perfusion system and implanted into the abdominal aortas of F344 nude rats. We assessed the flow by ultrasonography and performed histological examinations on the second (n = 5) and fifth (n = 5) day after implantation. All grafts were patent and remodeling of the tubular tissues (enlargement of the lumen area and thinning of the wall) was observed. A layer of endothelial cells was confirmed five days after implantation. Conclusions The scaffold-free tubular tissues made of MCS using a Bio-3D printer underwent remodeling and endothelialization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of endothelialization and its function, as well as the long-term results. PMID:26325298

  6. Scaffold-Free Tubular Tissues Created by a Bio-3D Printer Undergo Remodeling and Endothelialization when Implanted in Rat Aortae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Itoh, Manabu; Nakayama, Koichi; Noguchi, Ryo; Kamohara, Keiji; Furukawa, Kojirou; Uchihashi, Kazuyoshi; Toda, Shuji; Oyama, Jun-Ichi; Node, Koichi; Morita, Shigeki

    2015-01-01

    Small caliber vascular prostheses are not clinically available because synthetic vascular prostheses lack endothelial cells which modulate platelet activation, leukocyte adhesion, thrombosis, and the regulation of vasomotor tone by the production of vasoactive substances. We developed a novel method to create scaffold-free tubular tissue from multicellular spheroids (MCS) using a "Bio-3D printer"-based system. This system enables the creation of pre-designed three-dimensional structures using a computer controlled robotics system. With this system, we created a tubular structure and studied its biological features. Using a "Bio-3D printer," we made scaffold-free tubular tissues (inner diameter of 1.5 mm) from a total of 500 MCSs (2.5× 104 cells per one MCS) composed of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (40%), human aortic smooth muscle cells (10%), and normal human dermal fibroblasts (50%). The tubular tissues were cultured in a perfusion system and implanted into the abdominal aortas of F344 nude rats. We assessed the flow by ultrasonography and performed histological examinations on the second (n = 5) and fifth (n = 5) day after implantation. All grafts were patent and remodeling of the tubular tissues (enlargement of the lumen area and thinning of the wall) was observed. A layer of endothelial cells was confirmed five days after implantation. The scaffold-free tubular tissues made of MCS using a Bio-3D printer underwent remodeling and endothelialization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of endothelialization and its function, as well as the long-term results.

  7. Sunscope natural light systems : tubular skylights

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2010-07-01

    This brochure described a tubular skylight designed by Sunscope Natural Light Systems. The Sunscope is a super-reflective light system in which daylight is reflected down a cylinder to a translucent ceiling fixture that diffuses natural light throughout the room in which it is placed. The Sunscope requires no structure changes, is installed in less than 3 hours, and requires no drywall repairs or repainting. The system eliminates the need for daytime electric lighting, and causes no winter heat losses or summer heat gains. Available in 3 sizes, the Sunscope has no moving parts and is fully maintenance-free. The system was designed for use in commercial and residential applications. 7 figs.

  8. AGREGADOS TUBULARES DE RETÍCULO ENDOPLASMÁTICO LISO EM OVÓCITOS HUMANOS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NAS TAXAS DE FERTILIZAÇÃO E GRAVIDEZ

    OpenAIRE

    Luis, A.; Sá, R.; Oliveira, E.; Oliveira, C.; Silva, J.; Barros, A.; Sousa, M.

    2010-01-01

    O impacto da presença de anomalias morfológicas ovocitárias na fertilização e taxas de gravidez é um tema controverso na literatura. A presença de agregados tubulares de retículo endoplasmático liso (AT-REL) foi associada a taxas de gravidez mais baixas e a maior incidência de complicações obstétricas. A estrutura ultramiscroscópica destes AT-REL não está descrita. Este trabalho teve como objectivos: a) determinar a influência da presença de AT-REL nas taxas de fertilização e gravidez; ...

  9. Cytocompatibility of a silk fibroin tubular scaffold

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Jiannan; Wei, Yali; Yi, Honggen; Liu, Zhiwu; Sun, Dan; Zhao, Huanrong

    2014-01-01

    Regenerated silk fibroin (SF) materials are increasingly used for tissue engineering applications. In order to explore the feasibility of a novel biomimetic silk fibroin tubular scaffold (SFTS) crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG-DE), biocompatibility with cells was evaluated. The novel biomimetic design of the SFTS consisted of three distinct layers: a regenerated SF intima, a silk braided media and a regenerated SF adventitia. The SFTS exhibited even silk fibroin penetration throughout the braid, forming a porous layered tube with superior mechanical, permeable and cell adhesion properties that are beneficial to vascular regeneration. Cytotoxicity and cell compatibility were tested on L929 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926). DNA content analysis, scanning electron and confocal microscopies and MTT assay showed no inhibitory effects on DNA replication. Cell morphology, viability and proliferation were good for L929 cells, and satisfactory for EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, the suture retention strength of the SFTS was about 23 N and the Young's modulus was 0.2–0.3 MPa. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PEG-DE crosslinked SFTS possesses the appropriate cytocompatibility and mechanical properties for use as vascular scaffolds as an alternative to vascular autografts. - Highlights: • A PEG-DE cross-linked small caliber porous silk fibroin tubular scaffold (SFTS) • PEG-DE cross-linked SF film had no inhibitory effect on DNA replication of cells. • Cells cultured on the SFTS showed good morphology, cell viability and proliferative activity. • SFTS would be beneficial to endothelialization. • SFTS had good suture retention strength and flexibility

  10. Glomerular and tubular damage markers are elevated in patients with diabetes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Nauta, Ferdau L.; Boertien, Wendy E.; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; van Goor, Harry; van Oeveren, Wim; de Jong, Paul E.; Bilo, Henk; Gansevoort, Ron T.

    OBJECTIVE: We investigated in a cross-sectional study the levels of serum and urinary damage markers in diabetic patients (n = 94) and nondiabetic control subjects (n = 45) to study the association of glomerular (IgG), proximal tubular (kidney injury molecule [KIM]-1, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase

  11. Liderança e gestão da qualidade – um estudo correlacional entre estilos de liderança e princípios da gestão da qualidade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flávia Monize Barbosa

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: A gestão da qualidade tem se constituído em um dos tópicos de discussão mais importantes em gestão moderna. Dentre o levantamento de fatores críticos para o sucesso de programas de gestão de qualidade, a liderança apresenta-se como um dos fatores mais citados. No entanto, embora a relação entre gestão de qualidade e liderança seja clara, é possível perceber que há ainda diversas lacunas de pesquisa a serem exploradas. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi explorar a relação entre gestão da qualidade e liderança, utilizando-se, para tanto, do modelo de liderança transformacional-transacional e do modelo Competing Values Framework. A relação entre os estilos de liderança e princípios de gestão da qualidade foi explorada com análise de correlação de Pearson. Foram obtidos coeficientes de correlação positivos tanto para os perfis de liderança tanto transformacional quanto transacional e perfis de liderança do Competing Values Framework, de modo que alguns desses perfis destacaram-se, apresentando coeficientes de correlação maiores. A principal contribuição do trabalho foi realizar uma exploração inicial sobre a relação entre estilos de liderança e princípios da qualidade, apontando tendências e abrindo caminho para que novos estudos possam estender esse conhecimento. Discute-se a importância de, em estudos futuros, estabelecer as mesmas correlações para diferentes amostras de respondentes e empregar, além de princípios, práticas e ferramentas de gestão da qualidade.

  12. Ventos em supergigantes B[e] das nuvens de Magalhães e da Galáxia

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Araújo, F. X.; Pilling, D. A.; Pereira, C. B.; Fernandes, M. B.

    2003-08-01

    As Supergigantes B[e] apresentam as seguintes características: (i) alta luminosidade; (ii) espectro típico de estrelas de tipo B; (iii) linhas permitidas e proibidas em emissão de metais de baixa ionização, especialmente FeII; (iv) linhas de Balmer, e por vêzes também dos ions HeI e FeII, com perfis tipo P Cygni indicativos de altas taxas de perda de massa. Atualmente estamos desenvolvendo um projeto que visa comparar as propriedades fisicas (principalmente e v¥) dos ventos destes objetos nas Nuvens de Magalhães e na Galaxia. O objetivo é estudar a influência da metalicidade. No presente painel apresentamos uma determinação das velocidades terminais de 11 estrelas, sendo 4 na GNM (Hen S111, 66, R126 e Hen S93), 4 na PNM (Hen S18, S23, S65 e R4) e 3 na Galaxia (CPD-529243, MWC 300 e GG Car). Nossos dados são espectros de alta resolução obtidos no telescópio 1.52m do ESO com o espectrógrafo FEROS. Para determinar as velocidades terminais usamos as linhas Hd e HeI 3888 Å cujas componentes em absorção costumam estar livres de "blends" e estruturas. Nossos resultados sugerem que as velocidades de expansão na GNM são maiores (ainda que apenas ligeiramente) do que aquelas da PNM, como esperado. No entanto, os objetos da Galaxia não parecem seguir a mesma tendência.

  13. Distribution of IGF receptors in the plasma membrane of proximal tubular cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hammerman, M.R.; Rogers, S.

    1987-01-01

    To characterize the distribution of receptors for insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF I and II) in the plasma membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell, the authors measured binding of 125 I-labeled IGF I and 125 I-labeled IGF II to proximal tubular basolateral and brush-border membranes and characterized IGF I-stimulated phosphorylation of detergent-solubilized membranes. 125 I-IGF bound primarily to a 135,000 relative molecular weight (M r ) protein and IGF II to a 260,000 M r protein in isolated membranes. Binding of 125 I-IGF I was severalfold greater in basolateral than in brush-border membranes. IGF I-stimulated phosphorylation of the 92,000 M r β-subunit of its receptors could be demonstrated only in basolateral membranes. These findings are consistent with an asymmetrical distribution of receptors for IGF I in the plasma membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell, localization being primary on the basolateral side. In contrast, binding of 125 I-IGF II to isolated basolateral and brush-border membranes was equivalent, suggesting that receptors for this peptide are distributed more symmetrically in the plasma membrane. The findings suggest that the action of IGF I in proximal tubule are mediated via interaction of circulating peptide with specific receptors in the basolateral membrane. However, the findings established the potential for actions of IGF II to be exerted in proximal tubule via interaction with both basolateral and/or brush-border membrane receptors

  14. Variabilidade espacial de atributos de solos em unidades de manejo em área piloto de produção integrada de coco Soil spatial variation and properties as related to manegement units in an experimental area of integrated coconut production

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Bosco Vasconcellos Gomes

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi, inicialmente, acessar as variações espaciais dos solos de parcelas experimentais de produção integrada do coco por meio do mapeamento detalhado dos solos e da construção de mapas de contorno de atributos do solo. Foram feitas observações, medições e coleta de amostras em microtrincheiras e perfis de solo. O teor de argila dos solos das microtrincheiras foi avaliado a campo pela sensação ao tato. Em todas as amostras foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas. Foram determinados granulometria (perfis, Al, Ca e Mg, acidez potencial, K e Na, pH, P disponível e C orgânico. Nas amostras dos perfis, foram determinados Fe, Al, Ti, P e Si pelo ataque sulfúrico. O Fe também foi determinado na fração argila, por extração com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de Na. Foi realizada difração de raios X da fração argila desferrificada. A construção de semivariogramas possibilitou a classificação e a comparação dos atributos do solo por meio do grau de dependência espacial destes. A elaboração dos mapas de contorno foi realizada pelo método interpolador de krigagem. A área mapeada corresponde a um topo amplo de tabuleiros costeiros, com uma depressão fechada no seu extremo sul. Do centro da depressão para fora dela seguem, em seqüência, Cambissolo Háplico textura argilosa, Latossolo Amarelo textura média/argilosa e Latossolo Amarelo textura média. Esses Latossolos são coesos em subsuperfície. Predominam atributos com elevado grau de heterogeneidade. Os valores médios de P, K e Ca + Mg estão influenciados por correções e adubações sistemáticas realizadas na área de plantio. Todas as variáveis analisadas apresentaram dependência espacial, expressa pelos modelos de semivariogramas. A análise da relação C0/(C0 + C1 revelou um grau de dependência espacial, de todas as variáveis, de moderado a forte. Os mapas de contorno detalharam diferenças que o mapa de solos já apontava

  15. CT diagnosis of intramedulear lesions of the tubular bone

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wagner-Manslau, C.; Feuerbach, S.; Biehl, T.

    1985-01-01

    Three cases are used to demonstrate that intramedullary masses of the tubular bones can be discovered using computered tomography even when changes in the plain film are lacking or discrete. However, it was not possible to differentiate between osteomyelitis, chondrosarcoma and enchondroma owing to the identical morphology of these three diseases. Consequently, CT does not allow any statement on type and dignity and histological clarification is indispensable. (orig./WU) [de

  16. The effect of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties of PLLA tubular specimens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arbeiter Daniela

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Conventional permanent stent systems for vascular applications are associated with long-term risks, such as restenosis and thrombosis. To overcome these limitations, novel approaches using various biodegradable materials for stent construction have been investigated. In this context, thermal treatment of polymer materials is investigated to adjust the mechanical properties of biodegradable stents. In this work polymeric tubular specimens of biodegradable poly(L-lactide (PLLA were extruded and subjected to a molding process using different temperatures above glass transition temperature TG. Physicochemical properties of the molded samples were analyzed using DSC measurements and uniaxial tensile tests. The molding process resulted in a weakening of the PLLA tubular specimens with a simultaneous increase in the degree of crystallinity (χ.

  17. Copper recovery in a bench-scale carrier facilitated tubular supported liquid membrane system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Makaka S.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The extraction of copper ions in a tubular supported liquid membrane using LIX 984NC as a mobile carrier was studied, evaluating the effect of the feed characteristics (flowrate, density, viscosity on the feedside laminar layer of the membrane. A vertical countercurrent, double pipe perspex benchscale reactor consisting of a single hydrophobic PVDF tubular membrane mounted inside was used in all test work. The membrane was impregnated with LIX 984NC and became the support for this organic transport medium. Dilute Copper solution passed through the centre pipe and sulphuric acid as strippant passed through the shell side. Copper was successfully transported from the feedside to the stripside and from the data obtained, a relationship between Schmidt, Reynolds and Sherwood number was achieved of.

  18. The use of tubular subdermal and axial flaps in the correction of four cases of extensive lesions

    OpenAIRE

    Rafael Ricardo Huppes; Josiane Morais Pazzini; Andrigo Barboza De Nardi²; Jorge Luiz Costa Castro; Cristiano Gomes; Arícia Gomes Sprada²; Ana Lúcia Pascolli²

    2017-01-01

    ABSTRACT: The most common skin lesions in small animals result from trauma, burns, or surgical resection of large tumors. Given the high importance of reconstructive surgery associated with tumors in small animals, this study reports four cases of reconstructive surgery using subcutaneous and axial tubular flaps in animals with neoplastic lesions. Subdermal and axial tubular flaps are healthy alternatives for reconstructing wounds caused by large tumor resection in areas with poor tissue elas...

  19. Modelling of alcohol fermentation in a tubular reactor with high biomass recycle

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Narodoslawsky, M; Mittmannsgruber, H; Nagl, W; Moser, A

    1988-05-30

    Fermentation in tubular recycle reactors with high biomass concentrations is a way to boost productivity in alcohol production. A computer model has been developed to investigate the potential as well as to establish the limits of this process from a chemical engineering point of view. The model takes into account the kinetics of the reaction, the nonideality of flow and the segregation in the bioreactor. In accordance with literature, it is shown that tubular reactors with biomass recycle can improve productivity of alcohol fermentation substantially. With the help of the computer based reactor model it was also possible to estimate the detrimental effects of cell damage due to pumping. These effects are shown to play a major role, if the biomass separation is performed by filtration units which need high flow rates, e.g. tangential flow filters.

  20. THE USE OF A NOVEL ALDEHYDE-FUNCTIONALIZED CHITOSAN HYDROGEL TO PREPARE POROUS TUBULAR SCAFFOLDS FOR VASCULAR TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo P. Azevedo

    Full Text Available In this work, porous tubular scaffolds were prepared from a novel water soluble aldehyde-functionalized chitosan (ALDCHIT hydrogel, which was obtained by dissolving this chitosan derivative in water and using oxidized dextrose (OXDEXT as the crosslinking agent at different ALDCHIT:OXDEXT mole ratios (10:1, 10:2 and 10:4. By increasing the amount of OXDEXT in respect to ALDCHIT the hydrogels became more rigid and could absorb more than 200% of its weight in water. Since the ALDCHIT:OXDEXT 10:4 was the most stable hydrogel, its ability to form porous tubular scaffolds was investigated. The tubular scaffolds were prepared by the lyophilization method, where the orientation of the pores was controlled by exposing either the internal or the external surface of the frozen hydrogel during the sublimation step. When only the inner surface of the frozen hydrogel was exposed, tubular scaffolds with a highly porous lumen and a sealed outer surface were obtained, where the orientation of the pores, their sizes and interconnectivity seem to be optimum for vascular tissue engineering application.

  1. Effects of modifiers in packed and open-tubular supercritical fluid chromatography

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Janssen, J.G.M.; Schoenmakers, P.J.; Cramers, C.A.M.G.

    1991-01-01

    The applicability of packed and open columns for supercritical fluid chromatography using pure carbon dioxide for the elution of a number of selected test components was investigated. It is showns that the number of solutes that can be eluted as symmetrical peaks is much larger in open-tubular

  2. Efeitos dos anabolizantes sobre a densidade de neurônios dos núcleos da base

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariane Cristine de Freitas

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivos: Pouco se sabe sobre a atuação dos esteroides androgênicos anabolizantes (EAA no cérebro humano e, por isso, resolvemos estudar a perda neuronal causada pelo uso e abuso de EAA em camundongos. Métodos: Utilizamos 60 camundongos da linhagem Swiss, sendo 30 machos e 30 fêmeas, divididos em três grupos: 20 animais foram tratados com Deposteron® (cipionato de testosterona; outros 20 animais foram tratados com Winstrol Depot® (stanozolol; os últimos 20 animais foram tratados com solução salina. Todos foram submetidos à natação por 15 minutos. Finalizado o tratamento, os animais foram sacrificados pelo método de inalação de Halotano. Os encéfalos foram retirados e armazenados em solução de formaldeído a 4% por 24 horas. De cada encéfalo foram retiradas amostras homotípicas da região média do cérebro em cortes frontais para que pudéssemos avaliar as áreas estabelecidas para este estudo. Resultados: As análises da estimativa dos perfis celulares mostraram que houve uma diminuição do número de perfis no núcleo pálido dos animais machos tratados com Winstrol Depot®. Conclusão: Esses resultados nos permitem inferir que o uso inadequado e sem orientação médica de EAA pode levar a degenerações celulares.

  3. Evaluation of <em>HER2em> Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Nuclei Microarray <em>in em>S>itu em>Hybridization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xuefeng Zhang

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Fluorescence<em> em>>in situ em>hybridization (FISH assay is considered the “gold standard” in evaluating <em>HER2/neu (HER2em> gene status. However, FISH detection is costly and time consuming. Thus, we established nuclei microarray with extracted intact nuclei from paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues for FISH detection. The nuclei microarray FISH (NMFISH technology serves as a useful platform for analyzing <em>HER2em> gene/chromosome 17 centromere ratio. We examined <em>HER2em> gene status in 152 cases of invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast that were resected surgically with FISH and NMFISH. <em>HER2em> gene amplification status was classified according to the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP. Comparison of the cut-off values for <em>HER2em>/chromosome 17 centromere copy number ratio obtained by NMFISH and FISH showed that there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods (κ coefficient 0.920. The results of the two methods were almost consistent for the evaluation of <em>HER2em> gene counts. The present study proved that NMFISH is comparable with FISH for evaluating <em>HER2em> gene status. The use of nuclei microarray technology is highly efficient, time and reagent conserving and inexpensive.

  4. Neonatal Phosphate Nutrition Alters <em>in em>Vivo> and <em>in em>Vitro> Satellite Cell Activity in Pigs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chad H. Stahl

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Satellite cell activity is necessary for postnatal skeletal muscle growth. Severe phosphate (PO4 deficiency can alter satellite cell activity, however the role of neonatal PO4 nutrition on satellite cell biology remains obscure. Twenty-one piglets (1 day of age, 1.8 ± 0.2 kg BW were pair-fed liquid diets that were either PO4 adequate (0.9% total P, supra-adequate (1.2% total P in PO4 requirement or deficient (0.7% total P in PO4 content for 12 days. Body weight was recorded daily and blood samples collected every 6 days. At day 12, pigs were orally dosed with BrdU and 12 h later, satellite cells were isolated. Satellite cells were also cultured <em>in vitroem> for 7 days to determine if PO4 nutrition alters their ability to proceed through their myogenic lineage. Dietary PO4 deficiency resulted in reduced (<em>P> < 0.05 sera PO4 and parathyroid hormone (PTH concentrations, while supra-adequate dietary PO4 improved (<em>P> < 0.05 feed conversion efficiency as compared to the PO4 adequate group. <em>In vivoem> satellite cell proliferation was reduced (<em>P> < 0.05 among the PO4 deficient pigs, and these cells had altered <em>in vitroem> expression of markers of myogenic progression. Further work to better understand early nutritional programming of satellite cells and the potential benefits of emphasizing early PO4 nutrition for future lean growth potential is warranted.

  5. The Kenny syndrome, a rare type of growth deficiency with tubular stenosis, transient hypoparathyroidism and anomalies of refraction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Majewski, F; Rosendahl, W; Ranke, M; Nolte, K

    1981-03-01

    One family (3 cases) with the Kenny syndrome and a second family (3 cases) with features of Kenny syndrome but lacking medullary stenosis are reported. The main symptoms in both families are proportionate dwarfism, cortical thickening of tubular bones, variable anomalies of the calvaria, anemia, transient hypoparathyroidism and variable ocular anomalies. The latter include microphthalmia, and moderate-to-severe myopia or hyperopia. In the first family there was medullary stenosis of most tubular bones. In the second family two cases exhibited mild-to-moderate cortical thickening of tubular bones, but absent or mild medullary stenosis. Possible variability of the Kenny syndrome is discussed. Endocrine studies failed to demonstrate any permanent disturbance of parathormone or calcitonin metabolism, or GH deficiency. Pathogenesis remains unclear. Autosomal dominant inheritance seems to be likely.

  6. Perfis de causas múltiplas de morte relacionadas ao HIV/AIDS nos municípios de São Paulo e Santos, Brasil, 2001 Profiles of multiple causes of death related to HIV/AIDS in the cities of São Paulo and Santos, Brazil, 2001

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Cristina de Aguiar Pereira

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Após a introdução da terapia anti-retroviral de alta potência (TARV, o perfil da morbimortalidade relacionada ao HIV alterou-se, passando de óbitos causados por doenças oportunistas para quadros mórbido-crônicos de doenças "pré-AIDS", ou não definidoras de AIDS, causadas pelos efeitos adversos da terapia. Investigou-se a mortalidade relacionada ao HIV/AIDS através das causas múltiplas de morte, utilizando-se as declarações de óbito de residentes nos municípios de São Paulo e Santos, Brasil, que faleceram de causas relacionadas à doença pelo HIV em 2001. Utilizou-se o método Grade of Membership (GoM, que possibilitou criar perfis de causas de morte. Foram encontrados três perfis de mortalidade: o primeiro, relacionado às causas de morte identificadas no período pré-TARV, com predominância de doenças oportunistas; no segundo, houve uma mistura de características do período pré e pós-TARV; o terceiro perfil, residual, não contemplou a doença pelo HIV, mas incorporou grupos de causas de morte associadas aos períodos pré e pós-TARV. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para a elaboração de políticas direcionadas à adequação dos serviços de saúde ao novo cenário de morbimortalidade relacionada ao HIV.Following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART, the HIV-related morbidity-mortality profile has changed. Opportunistic infections are not as prevalent as before, and "pre-AIDS" diseases have become more common, related mostly to the side effects of HAART. This study focused on HIV/AIDS-related mortality, based on multiple causes of death among individuals who died of HIV-related causes in the cities of São Paulo and Santos, Brazil, in 2001. Grade of Membership (GoM analysis was used. Three mortality profiles were detected: (1 causes of death normally observed before the introduction of HAART, marked by opportunistic infections; (2 causes of death with mixed characteristics, both pre

  7. Análise dos componentes principais e métodos multicritério ordinais no estudo de organossolos e solos afins Principal component analysis and ordinal multicriteria methods to study organosols and related soils

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Souza Valladares

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Uma importante propriedade dos Organossolos, e de outros solos com alto teor de C orgânico para predizer o potencial de uso e riscos de degradação, é o grau de subsidência (perda de massa e volume. Nos Organossolos ocorrem diferentes riscos de subsidência, resultantes de seus atributos, em especial da natureza da matéria orgânica e do ambiente de deposição. Este estudo foi realizado com dados de 19 perfis de solos de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Foram adotados os procedimentos da SBCS para descrição e coleta dos perfis, e os métodos analíticos da Embrapa Solos para caracterização dos solos. A análise dos componentes principais foi utilizada para agrupar os perfis com o auxílio de atributos morfológicos, físicos, químicos e do ambiente de ocorrência e mostrou-se adequada no agrupamento dos solos estudados com base em seus atributos, comparando-se com a sua taxonomia. Neste artigo foram usados os métodos multicritério ordinais de Borda, Condorcet e Copeland para ordenar, segundo o risco de subsidência, os perfis de Organossolos estudados. Os resultados mostram correlação entre os métodos (exceto Condorcet, que não foi capaz de ordenar as alternativas e o resíduo mínimo, parâmetro usual para avaliar subsidência. Isso indica eficácia para ordenar/classificar os perfis de solos estudados quanto ao risco de subsidência. Os métodos quantitativos utilizados neste trabalho mostraram-se promissores como ferramentas em estudos na Ciência do Solo.One important property of Organosols (Histosols (and soils with high content of organic carbon to predict use potential and degradation risks is the degree of subsidence (loss of mass and volume. In Organosols the subsidence risks vary according to the soil attributes, mainly the nature of organic matter and deposition environment. In this paper we studied 19 soil profiles from different parts of the country, collected and described according to procedures recommended by the

  8. Expanding the histologic spectrum of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fine, Samson W; Argani, Pedram; DeMarzo, Angelo M; Delahunt, Brett; Sebo, Thomas J; Reuter, Victor E; Epstein, Jonathan I

    2006-12-01

    Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinomas (MTSCs) are polymorphic neoplasms characterized by small, elongated tubules lined by cuboidal cells and/or cords of spindled cells separated by pale mucinous stroma. Nonclassic morphologic variants and features of MTSC have not been well studied. We identified 17 previously unreported MTSCs from Surgical Pathology and consultative files of the authors and their respective institutions and studied their morphologic features. A total of 10/17 cases were considered "classic," as described above, with 5/10 showing at least focal (20% to 50%) tubular predominance without apparent mucinous matrix. Alcian blue staining revealed abundant (>50%) mucin in all classic cases. Seven of 17 MTSCs were classified as "mucin-poor," with little to no extracellular mucin appreciable by hematoxylin and eosin. Four of these cases showed equal tubular and spindled morphology, 2 cases showed spindle cell predominance (70%; 95%), and 1 case showed tubular predominance (90%). In 5/7 mucin-poor cases, staining for Alcian blue revealed scant (<10%) mucin in cellular areas with the other 2 cases having 30% mucin. Unusual histologic features identified in the 17 cases were: foamy macrophages (n=8), papillations/well formed papillae (n=6/n=1), focal clear cells in tubules (n=3), necrosis (n=3), oncocytic tubules (n=2; 40%, 5%), numerous small vacuoles (n=2), heterotopic bone (n=1), psammomatous calcification (n=1), and nodular growth with lymphocytic cuffing (n=1). An exceptional case contained a well-circumscribed, HMB45-positive angiomyolipoma within the MTSC. MTSCs may be "mucin-poor" and show a marked predominance of either of its principal morphologic components, which coupled with the presence of other unusual features such as clear cells, papillations, foamy macrophages, and necrosis, may mimic other forms of renal cell carcinoma. Pathologists must be aware of the spectrum of histologic findings within MTSCs to ensure their accurate diagnosis.

  9. Renal Impairment with Sublethal Tubular Cell Injury in a Chronic Liver Disease Mouse Model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tokiko Ishida

    Full Text Available The pathogenesis of renal impairment in chronic liver diseases (CLDs has been primarily studied in the advanced stages of hepatic injury. Meanwhile, the pathology of renal impairment in the early phase of CLDs is poorly understood, and animal models to elucidate its mechanisms are needed. Thus, we investigated whether an existing mouse model of CLD induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC shows renal impairment in the early phase. Renal injury markers, renal histology (including immunohistochemistry for tubular injury markers and transmission electron microscopy, autophagy, and oxidative stress were studied longitudinally in DDC- and standard diet-fed BALB/c mice. Slight but significant renal dysfunction was evident in DDC-fed mice from the early phase. Meanwhile, histological examinations of the kidneys with routine light microscopy did not show definitive morphological findings, and electron microscopic analyses were required to detect limited injuries such as loss of brush border microvilli and mitochondrial deformities. Limited injuries have been recently designated as sublethal tubular cell injury. As humans with renal impairment, either with or without CLD, often show almost normal tubules, sublethal injury has been of particular interest. In this study, the injuries were associated with mitochondrial aberrations and oxidative stress, a possible mechanism for sublethal injury. Intriguingly, two defense mechanisms were associated with this injury that prevent it from progressing to apparent cell death: autophagy and single-cell extrusion with regeneration. Furthermore, the renal impairment of this model progressed to chronic kidney disease with interstitial fibrosis after long-term DDC feeding. These findings indicated that DDC induces renal impairment with sublethal tubular cell injury from the early phase, leading to chronic kidney disease. Importantly, this CLD mouse model could be useful for studying the

  10. Folded tubular photometer for atmospheric measurements of NO2 and NO

    Science.gov (United States)

    Birks, John W.; Andersen, Peter C.; Williford, Craig J.; Turnipseed, Andrew A.; Strunk, Stanley E.; Ennis, Christine A.; Mattson, Erick

    2018-05-01

    We describe and characterize a modular folded tubular photometer for making direct measurements of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and specify how this method could be extended to measure other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and black carbon particulate matter. Direct absorbance measurements using this photometer can be made across the spectral range from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near infrared. The absorbance cell makes use of modular components (tubular detection cells and mirror cubes) that allow construction of path lengths of up to 2 m or more while maintaining low cell volumes. The long path lengths and low cell volumes enable sensitive detection of ambient air pollutants down to low part-per-billion levels for gas species and aerosol extinctions down to 1 Mm-1, corresponding to ˜ 0.1 µg m-3 for black carbon particulates. Pressure equalization throughout the stages of the absorbance measurement is shown to be critical to accurate measurements of analyte concentrations. The present paper describes the application of this photometer to direct measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the incorporation of design features that also enable measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in the same instrument. Excellent agreement for ambient measurements along an urban roadside was found for both NO2 and NO measured by the folded tubular photometer compared to existing standard techniques. Compared to commonly used methods for measurements of NOx species, the advantages of this approach include (1) an absolute quantification for NO2 based on the Beer-Lambert law, thereby greatly reducing the frequency at which calibrations are required; (2) the direct measurement of NO2 concentration without prior conversion to NO as is required for the commonly used chemiluminescence method; (3) the use of modular components that allow construction of absorbance detection cells of varying lengths for extending the dynamic range of concentrations that can

  11. The use of tubular subdermal and axial flaps in the correction of four cases of extensive lesions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Ricardo Huppes

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The most common skin lesions in small animals result from trauma, burns, or surgical resection of large tumors. Given the high importance of reconstructive surgery associated with tumors in small animals, this study reports four cases of reconstructive surgery using subcutaneous and axial tubular flaps in animals with neoplastic lesions. Subdermal and axial tubular flaps are healthy alternatives for reconstructing wounds caused by large tumor resection in areas with poor tissue elasticity.

  12. Experiments in MARIUS on HTR tubular fuel with loose particles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bosser, R; Langlet, G

    1972-06-15

    The work described on HTR tubular fuel with loose particles is the first part of a program in three points. The cell is the same in the three experiments, only particles in the fuel container are changed. The aim of the experiment is to achieve the buckling in a critical facility. A description of the techniques of measurements, calculations, and results are presented.

  13. Dynamic stress of impeller blade of shaft extension tubular pump device based on bidirectional fluid-structure interaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kan, Kan; Liu, Huiwen; Yang, Chunxia [Hohai University, Nanjing (China); Zheng, Yuan [National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Nanjing (China); Fu, Shifeng; Zhang, Xin [Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation, Hangzhou (China)

    2017-04-15

    Current research on the stability of tubular pumps is mainly concerned with the transient hydrodynamic characteristics. However, the structural response under the influence of fluid-structure interaction hasn't been taken fully into consideration. The instability of the structure can cause vibration and cracks, which may threaten the safety of the unit. We used bidirectional fluid-structure interaction to comprehensively analyze the dynamic stress characteristics of the impeller blades of the shaft extension tubular pump device. Furthermore, dynamic stress of impeller blade of shaft extension tubular pump device was solved under different lift conditions of 0° blade angle. Based on Reynolds-average N-S equation and SST k-ω turbulence model, numerical simulation was carried out for three-dimensional unsteady incompressible turbulent flow field of the pump device whole flow passage. Meanwhile, the finite element method was used to calculate dynamic characteristics of the blade structure. The blade dynamic stress distribution was obtained on the basis of fourth strength theory. The research results indicate that the maximum blade dynamic stress appears at the joint between root of inlet side of the blade suction surface and the axis. Considering the influence of gravity, the fluctuation of the blade dynamic stress increases initially and decreases afterwards within a rotation period. In the meantime, the dynamic stress in the middle part of inlet edge presents larger relative fluctuation amplitude. Finally, a prediction method for dynamic stress distribution of tubular pump considering fluid-structure interaction and gravity effect was proposed. This method can be used in the design stage of tubular pump to predict dynamic stress distribution of the structure under different operating conditions, improve the reliability of pump impeller and analyze the impeller fatigue life.

  14. A novel direct carbon fuel cell by approach of tubular solid oxide fuel cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Renzhu; Zhao, Chunhua; Li, Junliang; Zeng, Fanrong; Wang, Shaorong; Wen, Tinglian; Wen, Zhaoyin [CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Inorganic Energy Materials and Power Source Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China)

    2010-01-15

    A direct carbon fuel cell based on a conventional anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell, which consisted of a NiO-YSZ anode support tube, a NiO-ScSZ anode functional layer, a ScSZ electrolyte film, and a LSM-ScSZ cathode, has been successfully achieved. It used the carbon black as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant, and a preliminary examination of the DCFC has been carried out. The cell generated an acceptable performance with the maximum power densities of 104, 75, and 47 mW cm{sup -2} at 850, 800, and 750 C, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility for carbon directly converting to electricity in tubular solid oxide fuel cells. (author)

  15. Proximal renal tubular injury in rats sub-chronically exposed to low fluoride concentrations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cárdenas-González, Mariana C.; Del Razo, Luz M. [Departmento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, D. F., México (Mexico); Barrera-Chimal, Jonatan [Unidad de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D. F., México (Mexico); Jacobo-Estrada, Tania [Departmento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, D. F., México (Mexico); López-Bayghen, Esther [Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, D. F., México (Mexico); and others

    2013-11-01

    Fluoride is usually found in groundwater at a very wide range of concentration between 0.5 and 25 ppm. At present, few studies have assessed the renal effects of fluoride at environmentally relevant concentrations. Furthermore, most of these studies have used insensitive and nonspecific biomarkers of kidney injury. The aim of this study was to use early and sensitive biomarkers to evaluate kidney injury after fluoride exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations. Recently weaned male Wistar rats were exposed to low (15 ppm) and high (50 ppm) fluoride concentrations in drinking water for a period of 40 days. At the end of the exposure period, kidney injury biomarkers were measured in urine and renal mRNA expression levels were assessed by real time RT-PCR. Our results showed that the urinary kidney injury molecule (Kim-1), clusterin (Clu), osteopontin (OPN) and heat shock protein 72 excretion rate significantly increased in the group exposed to the high fluoride concentration. Accordingly, fluoride exposure increased renal Kim-1, Clu and OPN mRNA expression levels. Moreover, there was a significant dose-dependent increase in urinary β-2-microglobulin and cystatin-C excretion rate. Additionally, a tendency towards a dose dependent increase of tubular damage in the histopathological light microscopy findings confirmed the preferential impact of fluoride on the tubular structure. All of these changes occurred at early stages in which, the renal function was not altered. In conclusion using early and sensitive biomarkers of kidney injury, we were able to found proximal tubular alterations in rats sub-chronically exposed to fluoride. - Highlights: • Exposure to low concentrations of fluoride induced proximal tubular injury • Increase in urinary Kim-1, Clu, OPN and Hsp72 in 50 ppm fluoride-exposed group • Increase in urinary B2M and CysC in 15 and 50 ppm fluoride-exposed groups • Fluoride exposure increased renal Kim, Clu and OPN mRNA expression levels.

  16. Inherited renal tubular defects with hypokalemia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muthukrishnan J

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Bartter′s and Gitelman′s syndrome are two ends of a spectrum of inherited renal tubular disorders that present with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis of varying severity. Clinical features and associated calcium and magnesium ion abnormalities are used to diagnose these cases after excluding other commoner causes. We report on two cases, the first being a young boy, born of pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios, who had classical dysmorphic features, polyuria, hypokalemia and hypercalciuria and was diagnosed as having Bartter′s syndrome. The second patient is a lady who had recurrent tetany as the only manifestation of Gitelman′s syndrome, which is an unusual presentation. Potassium replacement with supplementation of other deficient ions led to satisfactory clinical and biochemical response.

  17. Early segmental changes in ischemic acute tubular necrosis of the rat kidney

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Faarup, Poul; Nørgaard, Tove; Hegedüs, Viktor

    2004-01-01

    The background and mechanisms of ischemic acute tubular necrosis are still essentially unclarified. Therefore a quantitative morphological technique was applied for evaluation of the early structural changes in different fractions of the proximal convoluted tubule in the rat renal cortex. In male...

  18. O perfil do negociador nas empresas

    OpenAIRE

    Marques, Eduardo de Oliveira

    2002-01-01

    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. Comparativo entre os perfis negociador e cultural da população de negociadores em relação ao perfil cultural das empresas da primeira camada de fornecedores do grupo Fiat, objetivando -se determinar os tipos de negociadores mais adequados às organizações, aferindo-se o tipo de correlação existente entre as culturas e os estilos de negociação....

  19. Ex vivo hyperpolarized MR spectroscopy on isolated renal tubular cells: A novel technique for cell energy phenotyping.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Juul, Troels; Palm, Fredrik; Nielsen, Per Mose; Bertelsen, Lotte Bonde; Laustsen, Christoffer

    2017-08-01

    It has been demonstrated that hyperpolarized 13 C MR is a useful tool to study cultured cells. However, cells in culture can alter phenotype, which raises concerns regarding the in vivo significance of such findings. Here we investigate if metabolic phenotyping using hyperpolarized 13 C MR is suitable for cells isolated from kidney tissue, without prior cell culture. Isolation of tubular cells from freshly excised kidney tissue and treatment with either ouabain or antimycin A was investigated with hyperpolarized MR spectroscopy on a 9.4 Tesla preclinical imaging system. Isolation of tubular cells from less than 2 g of kidney tissue generally resulted in more than 10 million live tubular cells. This amount of cells was enough to yield robust signals from the conversion of 13 C-pyruvate to lactate, bicarbonate and alanine, demonstrating that metabolic flux by means of both anaerobic and aerobic pathways can be quantified using this technique. Ex vivo metabolic phenotyping using hyperpolarized 13 C MR in a preclinical system is a useful technique to study energy metabolism in freshly isolated renal tubular cells. This technique has the potential to advance our understanding of both normal cell physiology as well as pathological processes contributing to kidney disease. Magn Reson Med 78:457-461, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

  20. Additive Manufacturing of Patient-Customizable Scaffolds for Tubular Tissues Using the Melt-Drawing Method.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Yu Jun; Tan, Xipeng; Yeong, Wai Yee; Tor, Shu Beng

    2016-11-03

    Polymeric fibrous scaffolds for guiding cell growth are designed to be potentially used for the tissue engineering (TE) of tubular organs including esophagi, blood vessels, tracheas, etc. Tubular scaffolds were fabricated via melt-drawing of highly elastic poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLC) fibers layer-by-layer on a cylindrical mandrel. The diameter and length of the scaffolds are customizable via 3D printing of the mandrel. Thickness of the scaffolds was varied by changing the number of layers of the melt-drawing process. The morphology and tensile properties of the PLC fibers were investigated. The fibers were highly aligned with a uniform diameter. Their diameters and tensile properties were tunable by varying the melt-drawing speeds. These tailorable topographies and tensile properties show that the additive-based scaffold fabrication technique is customizable at the micro- and macro-scale for different tubular tissues. The merits of these scaffolds in TE were further shown by the finding that myoblast and fibroblast cells seeded onto the scaffolds in vitro showed appropriate cell proliferation and distribution. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiated to smooth muscle lineage on the microfibrous scaffolds in the absence of soluble induction factors, showing cellular shape modulation and scaffold elasticity may encourage the myogenic differentiation of stem cells.

  1. Effect of benazepril on the transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells from diabetic rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Tao; Wang, Jie; Zhen, Junhui; Hu, Zhao; Yang, Xiangdong

    2014-07-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of benazepril on the transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells from diabetic rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the present study. Eight of the 30 rats were randomly selected and served as the normal control group (N group), while the remaining 22 rats, injected with streptozotocin (STZ), comprised the diabetic rat model. Rats with diabetes were randomly divided into the diabetic (DM group) and benazepril (B group) groups. The total course was conducted over 12 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, kidney/body weight, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured at the start and end of the study. We observed the tubulointerstitial pathological changes, and applied immunohistochemistry and western blotting to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in renal tissue. The levels of blood glucose, kidney/body weight, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and tubulointerstitial damage index (TII) in the DM group were significantly higher than that in the N group (pbenazepril significantly reduced the expression of α-SMA in renal tubular epithelial cells obtained from diabetic rats, inhibited the transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells and played an important role in kidney protection.

  2. Exosome production and its regulation of EGFR during wound healing in renal tubular cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Xiangjun; Zhang, Wei; Yao, Qisheng; Zhang, Hao; Dong, Guie; Zhang, Ming; Liu, Yutao; Chen, Jian-Kang; Dong, Zheng

    2017-06-01

    Kidney repair following injury involves the reconstitution of a structurally and functionally intact tubular epithelium. Growth factors and their receptors, such as EGFR, are important in the repair of renal tubules. Exosomes are cell-produced small (~100 nm in diameter) vesicles that contain and transfer proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNAs between cells. In this study, we examined the relationship between exosome production and EGFR activation and the potential role of exosome in wound healing. EGFR activation occurred shortly after scratch wounding in renal tubular cells. Wound repair after scratching was significantly promoted by EGF and suppressed by EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Interestingly, scratch wounding induced a significant increase of exosome production. The exosome production was decreased by EGF and increased by gefitinib, suggesting a suppressive role of EGFR signaling in exosome production. Conversely, inhibition of exosome release by GW4869 and manumycin A markedly increased EGFR activation and promoted wound healing. Moreover, exosomes derived from scratch-wounding cells could inhibit wound healing. Collectively, the results indicate that wound healing in renal tubular cells is associated with EGFR activation and exosome production. Although EGFR activation promotes wound healing, released exosomes may antagonize EGFR activation and wound healing. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

  3. Fabrication and characterization of a cathode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao, Chunhua; Liu, Renzhu; Wang, Shaorong; Wang, Zhenrong; Qian, Jiqin; Wen, Tinglian [CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050 (China)

    2009-07-15

    A cathode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell (CTSOFC) with the length of 6.0 cm and outside diameter of 1.0 cm has been successfully fabricated via dip-coating and co-sintering techniques. A crack-free electrolyte film with a thickness of {proportional_to}14 {mu}m was obtained by co-firing of cathode/cathode active layer/electrolyte/anode at 1250 C. The relative low densifying temperature for electrolyte was attributed to the large shrinkage of the green tubular which assisted the densification of electrolyte. The assembled cell was electrochemically characterized with humidified H{sub 2} as fuel and O{sub 2} as oxidant. The open circuit voltages (OCV) were 1.1, 1.08 and 1.06 V at 750, 800 and 850 C, respectively, with the maximum power densities of 157, 272 and 358 mW cm{sup -2} at corresponding temperatures. (author)

  4. Identificação e Diferença na Construção de Identidades Culturais de Torcedores Rivais dos Três Grandes Clubes da Cidade do Recife: Entre a Defesa e o Ataque em Interações Sociais Virtuais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Rafael Torres Ferreira

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Visando identificar como os mecanismos de identificação e a diferença são usados na construção das identidades de torcedores de clubes de futebol em interações sociais, principalmente a partir da presença de torcedores rivais e de como estes são vistos e significados pelo outro, realizamos a presente pesquisa qualitativa, dentro de uma tradição interpretativista. Para tal, fizemos uma netnografia da comunicação, que nos permitiu acessar e analisar interações sociais de torcedores dos três principais clubes da cidade de Recife: Sport, Náutico e Santa Cruz. A coleta de dados se deu na rede social Facebook, nos perfis das principais torcidas destes clubes (SportNet, TimbuNet e CoralNet, bem como no perfil de um dos autores. Localizamos como processo de identificação o modo como estes torcedores direcionam suas participações em direção ao grupo social ao qual pertencem, a partir de suas demonstrações de incentivo, de exaltação e de defesa de seus interesses, em relação ao clube para o qual torcem, ao mesmo tempo em que seus rivais são ridicularizados e insultados. O conceito de diferença, por sua vez, esteve presente na constituição das “fronteiras” que delimitam a identidade dos torcedores nesta dinâmica.

  5. Utilidad de la recolección de orina de dos horas para el diagnóstico del tipo de acidosis tubular renal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Irene Rocha-Gómez

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available La acidosis tubular renal se caracteriza por acidosis metabólica hiperclorémica. El diagnóstico del tipo de acidosis tubular renal se realiza mediante la medición del transporte tubular máximo de bicarbonato y de la capacidad de acidificación urinaria; sin embargo, estas pruebas son invasivas y requieren determinaciones especializadas. Objetivo: comparar la utilidad de la recolección urinaria de dos horas, una prueba relativamente simple y al alcance de muchos laboratorios, con la medición del transporte tubular máximo de bicarbonato y con la capacidad de acidificación urinaria (procedimientos de referencia para clasificar el tipo de acidosis tubular renal en pacientes pediátricos. Material y método: el estudio se realizó en niños con diagnóstico de acidosis tubular renal. El primer día se recolectó la muestra sérica y urinaria de dos horas. Al día siguiente se efectuaron los procedimientos de referencia administrando bicarbonato de sodio en 8 horas; las muestras se colectaron cada hora y se determinaron la reabsorción de bicarbonato y la acidificación urinaria.  Resultados: se incluyeron 19 pacientes y en 17 casos la colección urinaria de dos horas confirmó el diagnóstico de los procedimientos de referencia. La recolección urinaria de dos horas tuvo sensibilidad de 0.94 y especificidad de 0.67 para el diagnóstico de acidosis tubular renal distal. Conclusión: la recolección de orina de dos horas se realiza en forma menos invasiva y ofrece resultados semejantes a los procedimientos de referencia.

  6. Relação entre o alumínio extraível com KCl e oxalato de amônio e a mineralogia da fração argila, em solos ácidos brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Octávio de Mello Cunha

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Em solos ácidos de ambiente mais tropical com esmectitas, assim como em solos altamente tamponados de ambiente subtropical, contendo esmectita com hidroxi-Al entrecamadas (EHE e, ou, vermiculita com hidroxi-Al entrecamadas (VHE, os teores de Al-KCl podem ser excepcionalmente altos; entretanto, em alguns casos não se manifestam efeitos fitotóxicos do elemento nas culturas. O Al "trocável" é tradicionalmente quantificado no extrato da solução de KCl 1 mol L-1 (Al-KCl, mas nem sempre esse elemento provém unicamente de formas trocáveis. Este trabalho objetivou investigar relações entre o Al extraído com solução de KCl e de oxalato de amônio com a mineralogia da fração argila. A quantificação do Al nos extratos de KCl e oxalato de amônio foi feita, respectivamente, por titulação com NaOH 0,02 mol L-1 padronizado e por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Foram utilizadas amostras de dois horizontes (A e B de 12 perfis de solo de cinco estados brasileiros (AC, PE, BA, RS e SC, com diferentes características mineralógicas, todos com teores de Al-KCl superior a 4 cmol c kg-1 no horizonte B. Dois perfis de SC (Rancho Queimado e Curitibanos, com níveis mais baixos de Al-KCl, foram incluídos para comparação. Os altos teores de Al-KCl evidenciaram-se relacionados com a mineralogia dos solos estudados. Nos solos ácidos com mais esmectitas, drenagem moderada ou imperfeita e oscilação do lençol freático houve evidências morfológicas, confirmadas pelas análises mineralógicas, de que no clima atual ocorre um processo de destruição de argilas, liberando Al que precipita como compostos amorfos. A alta concentração salina da solução de KCl dissolve parcialmente tais compostos, superestimando as formas trocáveis desse elemento, principalmente nos horizontes subsuperficiais. Nos solos ácidos do ambiente subtropical, os teores de Al-KCl também foram altos, embora com valores mais baixos do que nos com predomínio de

  7. COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TÉCNICAS NUMÉRICAS PARA A RESOLUÇÃO DO PROBLEMA DE TRANSFERÊNCIA DE CALOR EM ALIMENTOS ENLATADOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.D. RODRIGUES

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta a comparação das técnicas de resolução numérica de Diferenças Finitas e Runge-Kutta-Gill de 4a ordem com passo de integração variável para a simulação do modelo de transferência de calor em regime transiente bidimensional em coordenadas cilíndricas e unidimensional em coordenadas esféricas, aplicado a alimentos enlatados processados em autoclave, observando-se a rapidez e a precisão de integração comparados aos perfis reais de tempo/temperatura, incluindo desvios de processo. Além disso, uma análise de sensibilidade paramétrica na difusividade térmica foi realizada na tentativa de quantificar a influência que essa propriedade possui na resolução numérica. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de penetração de calor em autoclave a vapor, utilizando-se latas cilíndricas de 75x90 e 100x110 contendo simulantes de alimentos com características de aquecimento por condução e convecção.This work presents a comparison of the integration quickness and precision between the techniques of numerical resolution of Finite Differences and Runge-Kutta-Gill of fourth order with variable integration pass, to do simulation of the unsteady-state heat transfer model, two-dimensional in cylindrical coordinates and one-dimensional in spherical coordinates, applied to canned foods processed in retorts, showing advantages for the technique of Runge-Kutta-Gill. It was also accomplished a parametric sensitivity analysis in the thermal diffusivity indicating a great influence of this parameter in the numerical solution. The mathematical simulation were compared with results of real heat penetration tests done in steam retort, using cylindrical cans filled with bentonite suspensions simulating foods with heat characteristics resembling heat conduction and heat convection.

  8. Cisplatin toxicity reduced in human cultured renal tubular cells by oxygen pretreatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaeidi, Ayat; Rasoulian, Bahram; Hajializadeh, Zahra; Pourkhodadad, Soheila; Rezaei, Maryam

    2013-01-01

    Cisplatin is an effective and widely used chemotherapy agent and its side effects, particularly nephrotoxicity, limit its usage and related platinum-based drugs. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is mainly due to extremely increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading to kidney tubular cell death. Preconditioning with oxidative stress has been demonstrated to stimulate the cellular adaptation to subsequent severe oxidative stress. Short term oxygen pre-exposure as a mild oxidative stress may enhance some endogenous defense mechanisms, so its effect on Cisplatin induced cell death was investigated in present research. We studied the effects of hyperoxic environment pre-exposure on Cisplatin toxicity in an in-vitro model of cultured human embryonic tubular epithelial cells (AD293). Viability of AD293 cells, as evaluated by MTT-assay, was affected by Cisplatin in a time (1-4 h) dependent model. Biochemical markers of cell apoptosis were evaluated using immunoblotting. Pretreatment with nearly pure oxygen (≥90%) for 2 h significantly reduced the level of cell damage. Activated caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly increased in Cisplatin-treated cells. Oxygen pretreatment inhibited caspase 3 activation and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Oxygen pre-treatment itself not showed any cytotoxicity in exposure times up to 3 h. Our data indicate that hyperoxic preconditioning reduces Cisplatin toxicity in cultured human tubular epithelial cells. The exact mechanism of protection is unclear, though enhancement of some endogenous defense mechanisms and subsequently scavenging of free oxygen radicals may play an important role.

  9. Ideal heat transfer conditions for tubular solar receivers with different design constraints

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Jin-Soo; Potter, Daniel; Gardner, Wilson; Too, Yen Chean Soo; Padilla, Ricardo Vasquez

    2017-06-01

    The optimum heat transfer condition for a tubular type solar receiver was investigated for various receiver pipe size, heat transfer fluid, and design requirement and constraint(s). Heat transfer of a single plain receiver pipe exposed to concentrated solar energy was modelled along the flow path of the heat transfer fluid. Three different working fluids, molten salt, sodium, and supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) were considered in the case studies with different design conditions. The optimized ideal heat transfer condition was identified through fast iterative heat transfer calculations solving for all relevant radiation, conduction and convection heat transfers throughout the entire discretized tubular receiver. The ideal condition giving the best performance was obtained by finding the highest acceptable solar energy flux optimally distributed to meet different constraint(s), such as maximum allowable material temperature of receiver, maximum allowable film temperature of heat transfer fluid, and maximum allowable stress of receiver pipe material. The level of fluid side turbulence (represented by pressure drop in this study) was also optimized to give the highest net power production. As the outcome of the study gives information on the most ideal heat transfer condition, it can be used as a useful guideline for optimal design of a real receiver and solar field in a combined manner. The ideal heat transfer condition is especially important for high temperature tubular receivers (e.g. for supplying heat to high efficiency Brayton cycle turbines) where the system design and performance is tightly constrained by the receiver pipe material strength.

  10. Closure of tubular patent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug IV: feasibility and safety.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baruteau, Alban-Elouen; Lambert, Virginie; Riou, Jean-Yves; Angel, Claude-Yves; Belli, Emre; Petit, Jérôme

    2015-01-01

    Closure of tubular patent ductus arteriosus remains a challenging procedure. Anecdotal use of Amplatzer Vascular Plug IV for tubular ductus closure has been reported but feasibility and safety in a consecutive patients' series remain unknown. We performed a monocenter prospective study at the Marie Lannelongue Hospital in Paris, France. From 2009 to 2014, a total of 47 patients (39 infants, 3 children, and 5 adults) underwent ductus closure with the Plug IV. Ductus morphology was a type E in 34 (72.3%) patients and a type C in 13 (27.7%) patients. Ductus closure occurred in 39 (83.0%) infants at a median age of seven months (range: 3-23 months) and a median weight of 6.9 kg (range: 4.1-17.0 kg). A past history of prematurity and very low birth weight was found in 33 (70.2%) of them. Twelve (25.5%) patients had pulmonary hypertension. Mean Plug IV diameter was 1.9 ± 0.1 mm larger than the mean maximal ductus diameter. Early complete closure of the ductus was obtained in all patients. Early migration of an undersized Plug IV occurred in one (2.1%) patient and was suitable for percutaneous device retrieval. After a mean follow-up of 3.4 ± 1.4 years, all patients are alive and asymptomatic, no late complication occurred. Transcatheter closure of tubular ductus with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug IV can be safe and effective, with a 100% early occlusion rate. This device, suitable for a 4F sheath, is a new alternative for tubular ductus closure in low-body-weight infants. © The Author(s) 2014.

  11. Tubularized Penile-Flap Urethroplasty Using a Fasciocutaneous Random Pedicled Flap for Recurrent Anterior Urethral Stricture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yong Jig Lee

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available This report describes the use of a tubularized random flap for the curative treatment of recurrent anterior urethral stricture. Under the condition of pendulous lithotomy and suprapubic cystostomy, the urethral stricture was removed via a midline ventral penile incision followed by elevation of the flap and insertion of an 18-Fr catheter. Subcutaneous buried interrupted sutures were used to reapproximate the waterproof tubularized neourethra and to coapt with the neourethra and each stump of the urethra, first proximally and then distally. The defect of the penile shaft was covered by advancement of the surrounding scrotal flap. The indwelling catheter was maintained for 21 days. A 9 month postoperative cystoscopy showed no flap necrosis, no mechanical stricture, and no hair growth on the lumen of the neourethra. The patient showed no voiding discomfort 6 months after the operation. The advantages of this procedure are the lack of need for microsurgery, shortening of admission, the use of only spinal anesthesia (no general anesthesia, and a relatively short operative time. The tubularized unilateral penile fasciocutaneous flap should be considered an option for initial flap urethroplasty as a curative technique.

  12. Hypertrophy of proximal tubular epithelial cells induced by low pH in vitro is independent of ammoniagenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bevington, A; Millwater, C J; Walls, J

    1994-01-01

    Metabolic acidosis can lead to tubular hypertrophy in vivo. This is thought to arise from stimulation of renal production of ammonia, a known hypertrophic agent. To examine this effect in vitro, confluent opossum (OK) proximal tubular epithelial cells were cultured at acidic pH (7.21 +/- 0.02) or at control pH (7.37 +/- 0.01) for 4 days. Protein content was 9% higher at acidic pH whereas DNA content was unaffected. The resulting increase in mean cell size (protein/DNA ratio) was 10% but correlated inversely with the mass of cells in control wells, varying from +48% at low cell mass to -14% at high cell mass. In contrast, low pH decreased 3H-thymidine incorporation by 9%. However, ammonia production was unaffected. These changes in protein/DNA ratio and 3H-thymidine incorporation cannot therefore be attributed to acid-induced ammoniagenesis and imply that low pH exerts a more direct effect on tubular cell growth than previously envisaged.

  13. Intoxicação natural por Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae em ovinos no Sudeste do Brasil Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae poisoning in sheep in southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Vargas Peixoto

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available No Estado do Rio de Janeiro descreve-se um surto de intoxicação aguda por Amaranthus spinosus em 12 ovelhas, caracterizado clinicamente por hálito urêmico, ausência de movimentos ruminais, dispnéia e aborto. Os animais foram colocados em um pasto adubado e severamente invadido pela planta. A necropsia realizada em seis ovinos revelou rins pálidos, em geral, com estriações esbranquiçadas desde o córtex até a medula; em um animal verificaram-se diversos infartos sob forma de figuras geométricas no córtex. O fígado apresentava-se mais claro, por vezes com lobulação evidente. Em um animal verificaram-se áreas pálidas no miocárdio. Os pulmões congestos, algo mais pesados e consistentes, por vezes evidenciavam áreas de hepatização vermelha e cinzenta na porção cranial. Petéquias, equimoses e sufusões foram observadas em serosas, na mucosa do tubo digestório e em outros órgãos. Ao exame histológico verificaram-se acentuada nefrose tubular tóxica, focos aleatórios de necrose coagulativa no fígado, áreas de necrose coagulativa no miocárdio e pneumonia intersticial aguda incipiente acompanhada por áreas de broncopneumonia. Na literatura não foram encontradas referências à intoxicação natural por A. spinosus em ovinos. Tentativas de reprodução da intoxicação com a planta em ovinos, não foram bem sucedidas, provavelmente porque, nos experimentos, não se utilizou A. spinosus proveniente de áreas adubadas. A necrose do miocárdio encontrada, ao exame microscópico do coração de diversos animais foi atribuída a hipercalemia secundária à insuficiência renal, ao passo que a gênese dos infartos renais verificados em um ovino permanece obscura.An outbreak of acute poisoning caused by Amaranthus spinosus is described in ewes of southern Brazil. The clinical signs were characterized by uremic halitosis, loss of ruminal motility, dispnoea and abortion. Grossly in the kidneys there were pale red spots, white

  14. Tubular overexpression of gremlin induces renal damage susceptibility in mice.

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    Alejandra Droguett

    Full Text Available A growing number of patients are recognized worldwide to have chronic kidney disease. Glomerular and interstitial fibrosis are hallmarks of renal progression. However, fibrosis of the kidney remains an unresolved challenge, and its molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Gremlin is an embryogenic gene that has been shown to play a key role in nephrogenesis, and its expression is generally low in the normal adult kidney. However, gremlin expression is elevated in many human renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and chronic allograft nephropathy. Several studies have proposed that gremlin may be involved in renal damage by acting as a downstream mediator of TGF-β. To examine the in vivo role of gremlin in kidney pathophysiology, we generated seven viable transgenic mouse lines expressing human gremlin (GREM1 specifically in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells under the control of an androgen-regulated promoter. These lines demonstrated 1.2- to 200-fold increased GREM1 expression. GREM1 transgenic mice presented a normal phenotype and were without proteinuria and renal function involvement. In response to the acute renal damage cause by folic acid nephrotoxicity, tubule-specific GREM1 transgenic mice developed increased proteinuria after 7 and 14 days compared with wild-type treated mice. At 14 days tubular lesions, such as dilatation, epithelium flattening and hyaline casts, with interstitial cell infiltration and mild fibrosis were significantly more prominent in transgenic mice than wild-type mice. Tubular GREM1 overexpression was correlated with the renal upregulation of profibrotic factors, such as TGF-β and αSMA, and with increased numbers of monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, our results suggest that GREM1-overexpressing mice have an increased susceptibility to renal damage, supporting the involvement of gremlin in renal damage

  15. Optimal hydraulic design of new-type shaft tubular pumping system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu, H G; Zhang, R T; Zhou, J R

    2012-01-01

    Based on the characteristics of large flow rate, low-head, short annual operation time and high reliability of city flood-control pumping stations, a new-type shaft tubular pumping system featuring shaft suction box, siphon-type discharge passage with vacuum breaker as cutoff device was put forward, which possesses such advantages as simpler structure, reliable cutoff and higher energy performance. According to the design parameters of a city flood control pumping station, a numerical computation model was set up including shaft-type suction box, siphon-type discharge passage, pump impeller and guide vanes. By using commercial CFD software Fluent, RNG κ-ε turbulence model was adopted to close the three-dimensional time-averaged incompressible N-S equations. After completing optimal hydraulic design of shaft-type suction box, and keeping the parameters of total length, maximum width and outlet section unchanged, siphon-type discharge passages of three hump locations and three hump heights were designed and numerical analysis on the 9 hydraulic design schemes of pumping system were proceeded. The computational results show that the changing of hump locations and hump heights directly affects the internal flow patterns of discharge passages and hydraulic performances of the system, and when hump is located 3.66D from the inlet section and hump height is about 0.65D (D is the diameter of pump impeller), the new-type shaft tubular pumping system achieves better energy performances. A pumping system model test of the optimal designed scheme was carried out. The result shows that the highest pumping system efficiency reaches 75.96%, and when at design head of 1.15m the flow rate and system efficiency were 0.304m 3 /s and 63.10%, respectively. Thus, the validity of optimal design method was verified by the model test, and a solid foundation was laid for the application and extension of the new-type shaft tubular pumping system.

  16. Modelo para simulação da dinâmica de nitrato em colunas verticais de solo não saturado A simulation model of nitrate displacement in vertical columns in a non-saturated soil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jarbas H. de Miranda

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available A agricultura intensiva está sempre em busca de incrementos de produtividade mas, em contrapartida, pouca atenção é dedicada a possíveis impactos ambientais. Portanto, o entendimento sobre processos de transporte de solutos no solo auxilia na redução da sua lixiviação para as camadas subsuperficiais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, desenvolver e avaliar um modelo computacional aplicado para simulação da dinâmica de solutos no solo por meio de soluções numéricas de equações diferenciais que descrevam esse transporte. Pelos resultados obtidos, o modelo apresentou bom ajuste das concentrações de nitrato e dos perfis de umidade, simulados com relação aos medidos em condições de laboratório em coluna vertical de solo não saturado.Intensive agriculture always aims at increased productivity, with limited or no attention dedicated to possible impacts on the environment. Therefore, the understanding of processes of solute transport in the soil contributes to reduction of leaching to the deep layers. In this connection, the present study had the objective of developing and evaluating a computational model for solute displacement simulation in the soil based on numerical solutions of differential equations describing this displacement. From the results obtained, the model presented a good agreement of nitrate concentrations as well as soil moisture profile when compared with the results obtained on a vertical column of non-saturated soil under laboratory conditions.

  17. Gas-permeable hydrophobic tubular membranes for ammonia recovery in bio-electrochemical systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kuntke, P.; Zamora, P.; Saakes, M.; Buisman, C.J.N.; Hamelers, H.V.M.

    2016-01-01

    The application of a gas-permeable hydrophobic tubular membrane in bio-electrochemical systems enables efficient recovery of ammonia (NH3) from their cathode compartments. Due to a hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode, no chemical addition was required to increase the pH for

  18. Whole‐exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Cristina Barros Pereira

    2015-11-01

    Conclusion: These results confirm the value of whole‐exome sequencing for the study of rare and complex genetic nephropathies, allowing the identification of novel and recurrent mutations. Furthermore, for the first time the application of this molecular method in renal tubular diseases has been clearly demonstrated.

  19. Tubular adenoma of the breast in a pregnant girl: report on a case.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palnaes Hansen, C; Fahrenkrug, L; Hastrup, N

    1991-12-01

    A rare case of a tubular breast adenoma in a 13-year-old pregnant girl is presented. The tumor which developed during pregnancy measured 10 x 8 x 4 cm, was well demarcated and could be totally removed.

  20. Optimization Study of Shaft Tubular Turbine in a Bidirectional Tidal Power Station

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xinfeng Ge

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The shaft tubular turbine is a form of tidal power station which can provide bidirectional power. Efficiency is an important turbine performance indicator. To study the influence of runner design parameters on efficiency, a complete 3D flow-channel model of a shaft tubular turbine was developed, which contains the turbine runner, guide vanes, and flow passage and was integrated with hybrid grids calculated by steady-state calculation methods. Three aspects of the core component (turbine runner were optimized by numerical simulation. All the results were then verified by experiments. It was shown that curved-edge blades are much better than straight-edge blades; the optimal blade twist angle is 7°, and the optimal distance between the runner and the blades is 0.75–1.25 times the diameter of the runner. Moreover, the numerical simulation results matched the experimental data very well, which also verified the correctness of the optimal results.

  1. Cu removal and response mechanisms of periphytic biofilms in a tubular bioreactor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Lan; Wang, Fengwu; Yu, Yuanchun; Liu, Junzhuo; Wu, Yonghong

    2018-01-01

    This work studied Cu removal and response mechanisms of periphytic biofilms in a tubular bioreactor. Periphytic biofilms immobilized in a tubular bioreactor were used to remove Cu from wastewater with different Cu concentrations. Results showed that periphytic biofilms had a high removal efficiency (max. 99%) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12h under initial Cu concentrations of 2.0 and 10.0mgL -1 . Periphyton quickly adapted to Cu stress by regulating the community composition. Species richness, evenness and carbon metabolic diversity of the periphytic community increased when exposed to Cu. Diatoms, green algae, and bacteria (Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia) were the dominant microorganisms and responsible for Cu removal. This study indicates that periphytic biofilms are promising in Cu removal from wastewater due to their strong adaptation capacity to Cu toxicity and also provides valuable information for understanding the relationships between microbial communities and heavy metal stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Hyperactivation of Nrf2 in early tubular development induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suzuki, Takafumi; Seki, Shiori; Hiramoto, Keiichiro; Naganuma, Eriko; Kobayashi, Eri H.; Yamaoka, Ayaka; Baird, Liam; Takahashi, Nobuyuki; Sato, Hiroshi; Yamamoto, Masayuki

    2017-01-01

    NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) regulates cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Loss of Keap1 increases Nrf2 protein levels, and Keap1-null mice die of oesophageal hyperkeratosis because of Nrf2 hyperactivation. Here we show that deletion of oesophageal Nrf2 in Keap1-null mice allows survival until adulthood, but the animals develop polyuria with low osmolality and bilateral hydronephrosis. This phenotype is caused by defects in water reabsorption that are the result of reduced aquaporin 2 levels in the kidney. Renal tubular deletion of Keap1 promotes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus features, confirming that Nrf2 activation in developing tubular cells causes a water reabsorption defect. These findings suggest that Nrf2 activity should be tightly controlled during development in order to maintain renal homeostasis. In addition, tissue-specific ablation of Nrf2 in Keap1-null mice might create useful animal models to uncover novel physiological functions of Nrf2. PMID:28233855

  3. SIMASS - MODELO PARA SIMULAR O TRANSPORTE DE ÁGUA E SOLUTOS NO SOLO I: DESENVOLVIMENTO E TESTE DE SENSIBILIDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvana Nunes da Costa

    1999-08-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático, denominado SIMASS, para simular o transporte unidimensional de água e soluto no solo, sob condições de escoamento não-permanente. As equações de transporte de água e de solutos, são resolvidas numericamente pelo método de diferenças finitas. O modelo permite, entre outras características, obter-se a distribuição de umidade e de solutos no solo, a utilização de condições de contorno do tipo potencial constante e do tipo fluxo constante, e o uso de duas funções, através das quais se estima a condutividade hidráulica do solo não-saturado. A avaliação do desempenho do SIMASS em simular, sob condições de solo saturado, as curvas de efluentes e os perfis de distribuição de nitrato em colunas de solo, foi realizada comparando-se as simulações realizadas por este com aquelas simuladas, usando-se o modelo CXTFIT, versão 1.0. A sensibilidade do modelo aos valores de Δz (distância entre os pontos simulados e Δt (intervalo de tempo entre duas simulações foi analisada e os resultados mostraram desempenho adequado do SIMASS na simulação de curvas de efluente e perfis de distribuição de concentração de nitrato, quando comparado ao CXTFIT. O SIMASS apresenta maior sensibilidade ao valor de Δz na simulação de curvas de efluente e ao valor de Δt na simulação de perfis de distribuição de concentração.

  4. Overall renal and tubular function during infusion of amino acids in normal man

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsen, Niels Vidiendal; Hansen, J M; Ladefoged, S D

    1990-01-01

    sodium concentration] increased by 40% (P less than 0.001). Plasma renin concentration did not change significantly. 4. The results suggest that amino acids increase GFR by a primary effect on renal haemodynamics or, less likely, by reducing the signal to the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism......1. Amino acids have been used to test renal reserve filtration capacity. Previous studies suggest that amino acids increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by reducing distal tubular flow and tubuloglomerular feedback activity. 2. Glomerular function and the renal tubular handling of sodium during...... infusion of amino acids was studied in 12 normal volunteers. 3. Clearance of sodium (CNa) was unchanged. Effective renal plasma flow increased slightly, but significantly, by 9% (P less than 0.05). GFR was increased by 13% (P less than 0.001). Clearance of lithium (CLi) (used as an index of proximal...

  5. TWEAK activates the non-canonical NFkappaB pathway in murine renal tubular cells: modulation of CCL21.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana B Sanz

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available TWEAK is a member of the TNF superfamily of cytokines that contribute to kidney tubulointerstitial injury. It has previously been reported that TWEAK induces transient nuclear translocation of RelA and expression of RelA-dependent cytokines in renal tubular cells. Additionally, TWEAK induced long-lasting NFkappaB activation suggestive of engagement of the non-canonical NFkappaB pathway. We now explore TWEAK-induced activation of NFkappaB2 and RelB, as well as expression of CCL21, a T-cell chemotactic factor, in cultured murine tubular epithelial cells and in healthy kidneys in vivo. In cultured tubular cells, TWEAK and TNFalpha activated different DNA-binding NFkappaB complexes. TWEAK-induced sustained NFkappaB activation was associated with NFkappaB2 p100 processing to p52 via proteasome and nuclear translocation and DNA-binding of p52 and RelB. TWEAK, but not TNFalpha used as control, induced a delayed increase in CCL21a mRNA (3.5+/-1.22-fold over control and CCL21 protein (2.5+/-0.8-fold over control, which was prevented by inhibition of the proteasome, or siRNA targeting of NIK or RelB, but not by RelA inhibition with parthenolide. A second NFkappaB2-dependent chemokine, CCL19, was upregulates by TWEAK, but not by TNFalpha. However, both cytokines promoted chemokine RANTES expression (3-fold mRNA at 24 h. In vivo, TWEAK induced nuclear NFkappaB2 and RelB translocation and CCL21a mRNA (1.5+/-0.3-fold over control and CCL21 protein (1.6+/-0.5-fold over control expression in normal kidney. Increased tubular nuclear RelB and tubular CCL21 expression in acute kidney injury were decreased by neutralization (2+/-0.9 vs 1.3+/-0.6-fold over healthy control or deficiency of TWEAK (2+/-0.9 vs 0.8+/-0.6-fold over healthy control. Moreover, anti-TWEAK treatment prevented the recruitment of T cells to the kidney in this model (4.1+/-1.4 vs 1.8+/-1-fold over healthy control. Our results thus identify TWEAK as a regulator of non-canonical NFkappa

  6. Multi-Scaled Modeling the Mechanical Properties of Tubular Composites Reinforced with Innovated 3D Weft Knitted Spacer Fabrics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Omrani, Elahe; Hasani, Hossein; Dibajian, Sayed Houssain

    2018-02-01

    Textile composites of 3D integrated spacer configurations have been recently focused by several researchers all over the world. In the present study, newly-designed tubular composites reinforced with 3D spacer weft knitted fabrics were considered and the effects of their structural parameters on some applicable mechanical properties were investigated. For this purpose, two different samples of 3D spacer weft knitted textile types in tubular form were produced on an electronic flat knitting machine, using glass/nylon hybrid yarns. Thermoset tubular-shaped composite parts were manufactured via vacuum infusion molding process using epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of the produced knitted composites in term of external static and internal hydrostatic pressures were evaluated. Resistance of the produced composites against the external static and internal hydrostatic pressures was numerically simulated using multi-scale modeling method. The finding revealed that there is acceptable correlation between experimental and theoretical results.

  7. Dragon (repulsive guidance molecule RGMb) inhibits E-cadherin expression and induces apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Wenjing; Li, Xiaoling; Zhao, Yueshui; Meng, Xiao-Ming; Wan, Chao; Yang, Baoxue; Lan, Hui-Yao; Lin, Herbert Y; Xia, Yin

    2013-11-01

    Dragon is one of the three members of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family, i.e. RGMa, RGMb (Dragon), and RGMc (hemojuvelin). We previously identified the RGM members as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptors that enhance BMP signaling. Our previous studies found that Dragon is highly expressed in the tubular epithelial cells of mouse kidneys. However, the roles of Dragon in renal epithelial cells are yet to be defined. We now show that overexpression of Dragon increased cell death induced by hypoxia in association with increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase-3 levels in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD3) cells. Dragon also inhibited E-cadherin expression but did not affect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β in IMCD3 cells. Previous studies suggest that the three RGM members can function as ligands for the receptor neogenin. Interestingly, our present study demonstrates that the Dragon actions on apoptosis and E-cadherin expression in IMCD3 cells were mediated by the neogenin receptor but not through the BMP pathway. Dragon expression in the kidney was up-regulated by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Compared with wild-type mice, heterozygous Dragon knock-out mice exhibited 45-66% reduction in Dragon mRNA expression, decreased epithelial apoptosis, and increased tubular E-cadherin expression and had attenuated tubular injury after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Our results suggest that Dragon may impair tubular epithelial integrity and induce epithelial apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.

  8. GSTA3 Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-Beta-Induced Tubular Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibronectin Expression.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yun Xiao

    Full Text Available Tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT has been widely accepted as the underlying mechanisms of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS plays a vital role in tubular EMT process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involved molecular mechanisms in TGF-beta-induced EMT and identify the potential role of glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 (GSTA3 in this process. The iTRAQ screening was performed to identify protein alterations of the rats underwent unilateral-ureteral obstruction (UUO. Protein expression of GSTA3 in patients with obstructive nephropathy and UUO rats was detected by immunohistochemistry. Protein and mRNA expression of GSTA3 in UUO rats and NRK-52E cells were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR. siRNA and overexpression plasmid were transfected specifically to assess the role of GSTA3 in RIF. The generation of ROS was measured by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence analysis. GSTA3 protein and mRNA expression was significantly reduced in UUO rats. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GSTA3 expression was reduced in renal cortex in UUO rats and patients with obstructive nephropathy. Treating with TGF-β1 down-regulated GSTA3 expression in NRK-52E cells, which have been found to be correlated with the decreased expression in E-cadherin and megalin and increased expression in α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, knocking down GSTA3 in NRK-52 cells led to increased production of ROS and tubular EMT, whereas overexpressing GSTA3 ameliorated ROS production and prevented the occurrence of tubular EMT. GSTA3 plays a protective role against tubular EMT in renal fibrosis, suggesting GSTA3 is a potential therapeutic target for RIF.

  9. Pseudo-outbreak of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD in a tertiary-care hospital Pseudo-surto de diarréia associada a Clostridium difficile (DACD em hospital terciário

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Beatriz Souza Dias

    2010-06-01

    profissionais de saúde foi implantado. Um caso de DACD foi definido como um paciente com início abrupto de diarréia (> 3 episódios de fezes líquidas e um teste positivo. Os casos foram classificados como de aquisição comunitária ou hospitalar. Foram colhidas fezes para cultura para C. difficile e os isolados foram tipados por AP-PCR. De março de 2002 a dezembro de 2003 houve 138 casos de DACD: 70% foram hospitalares e, entre os 30% de casos comunitários, a maioria (81% foi de pacientes provenientes diretamente da comunidade (50% não tinham histórico de internação. Cinquenta e dois por cento dos casos de DCAD hospitalar e 94% de casos na admissão haviam utilizado antimicrobianos. A incidência de DCAD em pacientes internados foi de 3,3/100 pacientes e na admissão foi 6,1/1000 pacientes. Dezesseis isolados foram tipados e apresentaram 13 perfis diferentes. Em conclusão, o aumento de DACD no nosso estudo ocorreu por uma mudança de método diagnóstico e não devido a um surto como foi suspeitado inicialmente. A incidência em pacientes internados foi muito inferior ao que já foi relatado em surtos. Houve 13 perfis moleculares sugerindo que não ocorreu um surto. DACD foi, em grande parte, de aquisição comunitária.

  10. Augmenter of liver regeneration inhibits TGF-β1-induced renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via suppressing TβR II expression in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liao, Xiao-hui; Zhang, Ling; Chen, Guo-tao; Yan, Ru-yu; Sun, Hang; Guo, Hui; Liu, Qi

    2014-01-01

    Tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the progression of renal tubular interstitial fibrosis (TIF), which subsequently leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We propose that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), a member of the newly discovered ALR/Erv1 protein family shown to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis, plays a similar protective role in renal tubular cells and has potential as a new treatment option for CKD. Here, we showed that recombinant human ALR (rhALR) inhibits EMT in renal tubular cells by antagonizing activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that rhALR suppresses the expression of TGF-β receptor type II (TβR II) and significantly alleviates TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). No apparent adverse effects were observed upon the addition of rhALR alone to cells. These findings collectively suggest that ALR plays a role in inhibiting progression of renal tubular EMT, supporting its potential utility as an effective antifibrotic strategy to reverse TIF in CKD. - Highlights: • ALR is involved in the pathological progression of renal EMT in NRK-52E cells. • ALR suppresses the expression of TβRII and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and NF-κB. • ALR plays a role in inhibiting progression of renal tubular EMT

  11. Augmenter of liver regeneration inhibits TGF-β1-induced renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via suppressing TβR II expression in vitro

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liao, Xiao-hui [Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 (China); Zhang, Ling, E-mail: lindazhang8508@hotmail.com [Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 (China); Chen, Guo-tao; Yan, Ru-yu [Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 (China); Sun, Hang; Guo, Hui [Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 (China); Liu, Qi, E-mail: txzzliuqi@163.com [Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010 (China)

    2014-10-01

    Tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the progression of renal tubular interstitial fibrosis (TIF), which subsequently leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We propose that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), a member of the newly discovered ALR/Erv1 protein family shown to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis, plays a similar protective role in renal tubular cells and has potential as a new treatment option for CKD. Here, we showed that recombinant human ALR (rhALR) inhibits EMT in renal tubular cells by antagonizing activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that rhALR suppresses the expression of TGF-β receptor type II (TβR II) and significantly alleviates TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). No apparent adverse effects were observed upon the addition of rhALR alone to cells. These findings collectively suggest that ALR plays a role in inhibiting progression of renal tubular EMT, supporting its potential utility as an effective antifibrotic strategy to reverse TIF in CKD. - Highlights: • ALR is involved in the pathological progression of renal EMT in NRK-52E cells. • ALR suppresses the expression of TβRII and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and NF-κB. • ALR plays a role in inhibiting progression of renal tubular EMT.

  12. The choice between cooled tubular reactor models: analysis of the hot spot

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Westerink, E.J.; Koster, N.; Westerterp, K.R.

    1990-01-01

    The applicability of the one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model of the cooled tubular reactor is studied. Using the two-dimensional model as the more accurate one we compared both models by studying the influence of the design and operating variables on the conditions in the hot spot of the

  13. CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN STALK HEMICELLULOSE PYROLYSIS IN A TUBULAR REACTOR

    OpenAIRE

    Gao-Jin Lv; Shu-Bin Wu; Rui Lou

    2010-01-01

    Pyrolysis characteristics of corn stalk hemicellulose were investigated in a tubular reactor at different temperatures, with focus mainly on the releasing profiles and forming behaviors of pyrolysis products (gas, char, and tar). The products obtained were further identified using various approaches (including GC, SEM, and GC-MS) to understand the influence of temperature on product properties and compositions. It was found that the devolatilization of hemicellulose mainly occurred at low tem...

  14. Folded tubular photometer for atmospheric measurements of NO2 and NO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. W. Birks

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available We describe and characterize a modular folded tubular photometer for making direct measurements of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 and specify how this method could be extended to measure other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2, ozone (O3, and black carbon particulate matter. Direct absorbance measurements using this photometer can be made across the spectral range from the ultraviolet (UV to the near infrared. The absorbance cell makes use of modular components (tubular detection cells and mirror cubes that allow construction of path lengths of up to 2 m or more while maintaining low cell volumes. The long path lengths and low cell volumes enable sensitive detection of ambient air pollutants down to low part-per-billion levels for gas species and aerosol extinctions down to 1 Mm−1, corresponding to  ∼  0.1 µg m−3 for black carbon particulates. Pressure equalization throughout the stages of the absorbance measurement is shown to be critical to accurate measurements of analyte concentrations. The present paper describes the application of this photometer to direct measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 and the incorporation of design features that also enable measurement of nitric oxide (NO in the same instrument. Excellent agreement for ambient measurements along an urban roadside was found for both NO2 and NO measured by the folded tubular photometer compared to existing standard techniques. Compared to commonly used methods for measurements of NOx species, the advantages of this approach include (1 an absolute quantification for NO2 based on the Beer–Lambert law, thereby greatly reducing the frequency at which calibrations are required; (2 the direct measurement of NO2 concentration without prior conversion to NO as is required for the commonly used chemiluminescence method; (3 the use of modular components that allow construction of absorbance detection cells of varying lengths for extending the

  15. Modelling Particulate Removal in Tubular Wet Electrostatic Precipitators Using a Modified Drift Flux Model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S Ramechecandane

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Tubular electrostatic precipitators (ESP have been used in a number of chemical processing industries. The tubular ESPs have many advantages over conventional plate-plate and wire-plate ESPs. The present study is concerned with the numerical modeling of particulate removal in a tubular wet single-stage electrostatic precipitator (wESP. The geometric parameters of a model wESP and the corresponding inlet gas velocities for the wESP are chosen from available experimental data. In addition to the RNG k - ε model for the mean turbulent flow field inside the wESP, the Poisson equation for the electric field, the charge continuity equation and the concentration equation are solved sequentially to obtain a full-fledged solution to the problem under investigation. The proposed drift flux model is implemented in the opensource CFD code OpenFOAM®. The paper discusses the influence of the number of charges acquired by the particles and the corresponding inlet gas velocities on particle concentration distribution within the wESP. Two representative cases with monodispersed particles of 1 μm and 10 μm diameter are considered for the numerical analysis. It is seen from the present analysis that the number of units of charge on particles, the particle size and the inlet gas velocities play a vital role in determining the efficiency of electrostatic precipitation.

  16. Maximum production rate optimization for sulphuric acid decomposition process in tubular plug-flow reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Chao; Chen, Lingen; Xia, Shaojun; Sun, Fengrui

    2016-01-01

    A sulphuric acid decomposition process in a tubular plug-flow reactor with fixed inlet flow rate and completely controllable exterior wall temperature profile and reactants pressure profile is studied in this paper by using finite-time thermodynamics. The maximum production rate of the aimed product SO 2 and the optimal exterior wall temperature profile and reactants pressure profile are obtained by using nonlinear programming method. Then the optimal reactor with the maximum production rate is compared with the reference reactor with linear exterior wall temperature profile and the optimal reactor with minimum entropy generation rate. The result shows that the production rate of SO 2 of optimal reactor with the maximum production rate has an increase of more than 7%. The optimization of temperature profile has little influence on the production rate while the optimization of reactants pressure profile can significantly increase the production rate. The results obtained may provide some guidelines for the design of real tubular reactors. - Highlights: • Sulphuric acid decomposition process in tubular plug-flow reactor is studied. • Fixed inlet flow rate and controllable temperature and pressure profiles are set. • Maximum production rate of aimed product SO 2 is obtained. • Corresponding optimal temperature and pressure profiles are derived. • Production rate of SO 2 of optimal reactor increases by 7%.

  17. Analysis of mass transfer characteristics in a tubular membrane using CFD modeling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Jixiang; Vedantam, Sreepriya; Spanjers, Henri; Nopens, Ingmar; van Lier, Jules B

    2012-10-01

    In contrast to the large amount of research into aerobic membrane bioreactors, little work has been reported on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AMBRs). As to the application of membrane bioreactors, membrane fouling is a key issue. Membrane fouling generally occurs more seriously in AMBRs than in aerobic membrane bioreactors. However, membrane fouling could be managed through the application of suitable shear stress that can be introduced by the application of a two-phase flow. When the two-phase flow is applied in AMBRs, little is known about the mass transfer characteristics, which is of particular importance, in tubular membranes of AMBRs. In our present work, we have employed fluid dynamic modeling to analyze the mass transfer characteristics in the tubular membrane of a side stream AMBR in which, gas-lift two-phase flow was applied. The modeling indicated that the mass transfer capacity at the membrane surface at the noses of gas bubbles was higher than the mass transfer capacity at the tails of the bubbles, which is in contrast to the results when water instead of sludge is applied. At the given mass transfer rate, the filterability of the sludge was found to have a strong influence on the transmembrane pressure at a steady flux. In addition, the model also showed that the shear stress in the internal space of the tubular membrane was mainly around 20 Pa but could be as high as about 40 Pa due to gas bubble movements. Nonetheless, at these shear stresses a stable particle size distribution was found for sludge particles. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Detection of Acute Tubular Necrosis Using Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD MRI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederic Bauer

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Background/Aims: To date, there is no imaging technique to assess tubular function in vivo. Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI measures tissue oxygenation based on the transverse relaxation rate (R2*. The present study investigates whether BOLD MRI can assess tubular function using a tubule-specific pharmacological maneuver. Methods: Cross sectional study with 28 participants including 9 subjects with ATN-induced acute kidney injury (AKI, 9 healthy controls, and 10 subjects with nephron sparing tumor resection (NSS with clamping of the renal artery serving as a model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R-induced subclinical ATN (median clamping time 15 min, no significant decrease of eGFR, p=0.14. BOLD MRI was performed before and 5, 7, and 10 min after intravenous administration of 40 mg furosemide. Results: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was significantly higher in ATN-induced AKI and NSS subjects than in healthy controls (p=0.03 and p=0.01, respectively. Before administration of furosemide, absolute medullary R2*, cortical R2*, and medullary/cortical R2* ratio did not significantly differ between ATN-induced AKI vs. healthy controls and between NSS-I/R vs. contralateral healthy kidneys (p>0.05 each. Furosemide led to a significant decrease in the medullary and cortical R2* of healthy subjects and NSS contralateral kidneys (p<0.05 each, whereas there was no significant change of R2* in ATN-induced AKI and the NSS-I/R kidneys (p>0.05 each. Conclusion: BOLD-MRI is able to detect even mild tubular injury but necessitates a tubule-specific pharmacological maneuver, e.g. blocking the Na+-K+-2Cl- transporter by furosemide.

  19. Transferências intergeracionais privadas na Amazônia rural brasileira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilvan Ramalho Guedes

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available O que motiva os membros familiares a se envolverem na troca de recursos? Amor, benevolência e altruísmo, por um lado, e interesse na reciprocidade, por outro, são as duas principais respostas que têm sido dadas pela literatura a essa pergunta. Este trabalho trata das transferências intergeracionais privadas que ocorrem entre pais e filhos residentes fora do domicílio parental de pequenos agricultores na área rural de Altamira, no Estado do Pará. Utilizamos dados primários coletados em 2005 por uma equipe da Universidade de Indiana e aplicamos a técnica Grade of Membership de modo a delinear perfis de transferências privadas. Os resultados sugerem três perfis distintos: o de baixo envolvimento nas transferências intergeracionais, o de alto envolvimento nas trocas através de visitas e ajuda com trabalho e o de alto envolvimento nas trocas com visitas e dinheiro. Não há evidências de preferências por ordem de parturição, embora tenhamos encontrado uma especialização sexual das trocas: homens enviam dinheiro, ao passo que mulheres proveem trabalho e visitas. As transferências monetárias ascendentes são particularmente importantes entre filhos com alta escolaridade e residentes em áreas urbanas, o que indica arranjos informais de repagamento a investimentos parentais feitos no passado. Tais evidências empíricas corroboram as teorias de reciprocidade e investimento parental e sugerem que as teorias altruístas tradicionais devem ser repensadas em contextos de restrição imposta pelos desafios ambientais e institucionais que envolvem as famílias de pequenos agricultores rurais em países em desenvolvimento.

  20. Tubular depressed cladding waveguide laser realized in Yb: YAG by direct inscription of femtosecond laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tang, Wenlong; Zhang, Wenfu; Liu, Xin; Liu, Shuang; Cheng, Guanghua; Stoian, Razvan

    2015-01-01

    We report on the fabrication of tubular depressed cladding waveguides in single crystalline Yb:YAG by the direct femtosecond laser writing technique. Full control over the confined light spatial distribution is demonstrated by the photoinscription of high index contrast waveguides with tubular configuration. Under optical pumping, highly efficient laser oscillation in depressed cladding waveguide at 1030 nm is demonstrated. The maximum output power obtained is 68 mW with a slope efficiency of 35% for an outcoupling transmission of 50%. A slope efficiency as high as 44% is realized when the coupling output ratio is 91% and a low lasing threshold of 70 mW is achieved with the output coupling mirror of 10%. (paper)

  1. Construction and characterization of an electrospun tubular scaffold for small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts: a scaffold membrane approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Jin-Jia; Chao, Wei-Chih; Lee, Pei-Yuan; Huang, Chih-Hao

    2012-09-01

    Based on a postulate that the microstructure of a scaffold can influence that of the resulting tissue and hence its mechanical behavior, we fabricated a small-diameter tubular scaffold (∼3 mm inner diameter) that has a microstructure similar to the arterial media using a scaffold membrane approach. Scaffold membranes that contain randomly oriented, moderately aligned, or highly aligned fibers were fabricated by collecting electrospun poly([epsilon]-caprolactone) fibers on a grounded rotating drum at three different drum rotation speeds (250, 1000, and 1500 rpm). Membranes of each type were wrapped around a small-diameter mandrel to form the tubular scaffolds. Particularly, the tubular scaffolds with three different off-axis fiber angles (30, 45, and 60 degree) were formed using membranes that contain aligned fibers. These scaffolds were subjected to biaxial mechanical testing to examine the effects of fiber directions as well as the distribution of fiber orientations on their mechanical properties. The circumferential elastic modulus of the tubular scaffold was closely related to the fiber directions; the larger the off-axis fiber angle the greater the circumferential elastic modulus. The distribution of fiber orientations, on the other hand, manifested itself in the mechanical behavior via the Poisson effect. Similar to cell sheet-based vascular tissue engineering, tubular cell-seeded constructs were prepared by wrapping cell-seeded scaffold membranes, alleviating the difficulty associated with cell seeding in electrospun scaffolds. Histology of the construct illustrated that cells were aligned to the fiber directions in the construct, demonstrating the potential to control the microstructure of tissue-engineered vascular grafts using the electrospun scaffold membrane. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Bmi-1 plays a critical role in the protection from acute tubular necrosis by mobilizing renal stem/progenitor cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lv, Xianhui; Yu, Zhenzhen; Xie, Chunfeng; Dai, Xiuliang; Li, Qing; Miao, Dengshun; Jin, Jianliang

    2017-01-01

    The regeneration of injured tubular cell occurs primarily from intrinsic renal stem/progenitor cells (RSCs) labeled with CD24 and CD133 after acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Bmi-1 plays a crucial role in regulating self-renewal, differentiation and aging of multiple adult stem cells and progenitor cells. Bmi-1 was rapidly elevated in the induction of adult kidney regeneration by renal injury. To determine whether Bmi-1 maintained mobilization of RSCs in the protection from ATN, glycerol-rhabdomyolysis-induced ATN were performed in wild type (WT) and Bmi-1-deficient (Bmi-1 −/− ) mice. Their ATN phenotypes were analyzed; CD24 and CD133 double positive (CD24 + CD133 + ) cells were measured; and the levels of serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected. We found that CD24 + CD133 + RSCs were mobilized in WT ATN mice with the increased expression of Bmi-1; Bmi-1 deficiency led to increased tubular cast formation and necrosis, elevated levels of SUN and SCr, decreased tubular proliferation, and immobilized ratio of RSCs in ATN. These findings indicated that Bmi-1 played a critical role in the protection from ATN by maintaining mobilization of RSCs and would be a novel therapeutic target for preventing the progression of ATN.

  3. O arquipélago “literopintado”: escritura literária de autoria feminina em Cabo Verde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone Caputo Gomes

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar a representação de Cabo Verde pela literatura de autoria feminina, que retrata – lê, pinta, desenha, esculpe, escreve, imagina – suas belas paisagens, seu cotidiano popular, seus perfis de mulher, sua riqueza cultural.Palavras-chave: Literatura feminina; Cabo Verde; Representação cultural.

  4. Reference Gene Selection in the Desert Plant <em>Eremosparton songoricuem>m>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dao-Yuan Zhang

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available <em>Eremosparton songoricum em>(Litv. Vass. (<em>E. songoricumem> is a rare and extremely drought-tolerant desert plant that holds promise as a model organism for the identification of genes associated with water deficit stress. Here, we cloned and evaluated the expression of eight candidate reference genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions. The expression of these candidate reference genes was analyzed in a diverse set of 20 samples including various <em>E. songoricumem> plant tissues exposed to multiple environmental stresses. GeNorm analysis indicated that expression stability varied between the reference genes in the different experimental conditions, but the two most stable reference genes were sufficient for normalization in most conditions.<em> EsEFem> and <em>Esα-TUB> were sufficient for various stress conditions, <em>EsEF> and <em>EsACT> were suitable for samples of differing germination stages, and <em>EsGAPDH>and <em>Es>UBQ em>were most stable across multiple adult tissue samples. The <em>Es18Sem> gene was unsuitable as a reference gene in our analysis. In addition, the expression level of the drought-stress related transcription factor <em>EsDREB2em>> em>verified the utility of<em> E. songoricumem> reference genes and indicated that no single gene was adequate for normalization on its own. This is the first systematic report on the selection of reference genes in <em>E. songoricumem>, and these data will facilitate future work on gene expression in this species.

  5. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction in human proximal tubular epithelial cells deficient for lysosomal cystine transporter cystinosin.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ekaterina A Ivanova

    Full Text Available Nephropathic cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the CTNS gene encoding cystine transporter cystinosin that results in accumulation of amino acid cystine in the lysosomes throughout the body and especially affects kidneys. Early manifestations of the disease include renal Fanconi syndrome, a generalized proximal tubular dysfunction. Current therapy of cystinosis is based on cystine-lowering drug cysteamine that postpones the disease progression but offers no cure for the Fanconi syndrome. We studied the mechanisms of impaired reabsorption in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC deficient for cystinosin and investigated the endo-lysosomal compartments of cystinosin-deficient PTEC by means of light and electron microscopy. We demonstrate that cystinosin-deficient cells had abnormal shape and distribution of the endo-lysosomal compartments and impaired endocytosis, with decreased surface expression of multiligand receptors and delayed lysosomal cargo processing. Treatment with cysteamine improved surface expression and lysosomal cargo processing but did not lead to a complete restoration and had no effect on the abnormal morphology of endo-lysosomal compartments. The obtained results improve our understanding of the mechanism of proximal tubular dysfunction in cystinosis and indicate that impaired protein reabsorption can, at least partially, be explained by abnormal trafficking of endosomal vesicles.

  6. In vitro precultivation alleviates post-implantation inflammation and enhances development of tissue-engineered tubular cartilage

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Luo Xusong; Zhou Guangdong; Liu Wei; Zhang Wenjie; Cui Lei; Cao Yilin [Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011 (China); Cen Lian, E-mail: guangdongzhou@126.co, E-mail: yilincao@yahoo.co [National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011 (China)

    2009-04-15

    Tissue-engineered tubular cartilage is a promising graft for tracheal reconstruction. But polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid (PLA/PGA) fibers, the frequently used scaffolds for cartilage engineering, often elicit an obvious inflammation response following implantation into immunocompetent animals. We propose that the inflammation could be alleviated by in vitro precultivation. In this study, after in vitro culture for either 2 days (direct implantation group (DI)) or for 2 weeks (precultivation implantation group (PI)), autologous tubular chondrocyte-PLA/PGA constructs were subcutaneously implanted into rabbits. In the PI group, after 2 weeks of precultivation, most of the fibers were found to be completely embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by the chondrocytes. Importantly, no obvious inflammatory reaction was observed after in vivo implantation and homogeneous cartilage-like tissue was formed with biomechanical properties close to native tracheal cartilage at 4 weeks post-implantation. In the DI group, however, an obvious inflammatory reaction was observed within and around the cell-scaffold constructs at 1 week implantation and only sporadic cartilage islands separated by fibrous tissue were observed at 4 weeks. These results demonstrated that the post-implantation inflammatory reaction could be alleviated by in vitro precultivation, which contributes to the formation of satisfactory tubular cartilage for tracheal reconstruction.

  7. Enhancing results : solid expandable tubulars facilitate high-temperature oil recovery

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Noel, G.; Nylund, J.; Flaming, S. [Enventure Global Technology LLC, Calgary, AB (Canada)

    2010-07-01

    Steam-based recovery methods can provide a cost-effective approach to developing heavy oil and oil sands energy resources. This paper described a solid expandable tubular system designed to prevent damage without decreases in hole size. The pipe's permanent deformation creates an energized seal that cases off damaged tubulars. The new sealing systems allow for operations in the range of 270 degrees C. The system was comprised of mechanical retainers designed to hold the multi-component, high-temperature seal in place on the expandable casing. The seals are held in place by retainer rings designed to protect the seal in the hole as well as to provide increased anchoring capacity when the pipe is expanded and clad onto the base casing. The retainers are wrapped with a redundant standard seal material. The weight and size of the casings are individually configured for specific wells and are also designed to maintain consistency across multiple weight ranges. Details of the testing protocol used to ensure that the sealing system operated well in various oil production scenarios were presented, as well as the results of case studies conducted to demonstrate the system in the field. 6 refs., 1 tab., 2 figs.

  8. Endocytosis of wheat germ agglutinin binding sites from the cell surface into a tubular endosomal network.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Raub, T J; Koroly, M J; Roberts, R M

    1990-04-01

    By using fluorescence and electron microscopy, the endocytic pathway encountered by cell surface components after they had bound wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was visualized. The majority of these components are thought to consist of sialylated glycoproteins (HMWAG) that represent a subpopulation of the total cell surface proteins but most of the externally disposed plasma membrane proteins of the cell. Examination of semi-thin sections by medium- and high-voltage electron microscopy revealed the three-dimensional organization of vesicular and tubular endosomes. Binding of either fluorescein isothiocyanate-, horseradish peroxidase-, or ferritin-conjugated WGA to cells at 4 degrees C showed that the HMWAG were distributed uniformly over the cell surface. Warming of surface-labeled cells to 37 degrees C resulted in the endocytosis of WGA into peripheral endosomes via invagination of regions of both coated and uncoated membrane. The peripheral endosome appeared as isolated complexes comprising a vesicular element (300-400 nm diam.) surrounded by and continuous with tubular cisternae (45-60 nm diam.), which did not interconnect the endosomes. After 30 min or more label also became localized in a network of anastomosing tubules (45-60 nm diam.) that were located in the centrosomal region of the cell. Endocytosed WGA-HMWAG complexes did not become associated with cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, although tubular and vesicular endosomes were noted in the vicinity of the trans-Golgi region. The accumulation of WGA-HMWAG in the endosomes within the centrosomal region was inhibited when cells were incubated at 18 degrees C. None of these compartments contained acid phosphatase activity, a result that is consistent with other data that the HMWAG do not pass through lysosomes initially. The kinetics of labeling were consistent with the interpretation that recycling of most of the WGA binding surface glycoproteins occurred rapidly from early peripheral endosomes followed by the

  9. PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TUBULAR CERAMIC SUPPORT FOR MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE PREPARED FROM PYROPHYLLITE CLAY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abedallah Talidi

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Tubular macroporous support for ceramic microfiltration membranes were prepared by extrusion followed by sintering of the low cost pyrophyllite clay. Clay powders mixed with some organic additives can be extruded to form a porous tubular support. The average pore size of the membrane is observed to increase from 5 µm to 10.8 µm when sintering temperature increase from 900 °C to 1200 °C. However, with the increase in temperature from 900 °C to 1200 °C, the support porosity is reduced from 47% to 30% and flexural strength is increased from 4 MPa to 17 MPa. The fabricated macro-porous supports are expected to have potential applications in the pre-treatment and also can be used like support for membranes of ultra-filtration.

  10. The fine structure of sheep myocardial cells; sarcolemmal invaginations and the transverse tubular system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    SIMPSON, F O; OERTELIS, S J

    1962-01-01

    An electron microscope study of sheep myocardial cells has demonstrated the presence of a transverse tubular system, apparently forming a network across the cell at each Z band level. The walls of these tubules resemble the sarcolemma in consisting of two dense layers-plasma membrane and basement menbrane; continuity of the tubule walls with the sarcolemma can be seen when longitudinal sections of a cell are obtained between two subsarcolemmal myofibrils and at the same time perpendicular to the cell surface. The demonstration of communication between the lumen of the transverse tubular system and the extracellular space appears to be more definite in this study than in any work hitherto published. It provides anatomical evidence of a possible direct pathway for transmission of the activating impulse from the sarcolemma to the myofibril Z bands.

  11. A miniature implantable coil that can be wrapped around a tubular organ within the human body

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mao, Shitong; Wang, Hao; Mao, Zhi-Hong; Sun, Mingui

    2018-05-01

    There are many tubular or rod-shaped organs and tissues within the human body. A miniature medical implant that wraps around such a biological structure can monitor or modulate its function. In order to provide the wrap-around implant with power, a solenoidal coil coupled wirelessly with a planar coil outside the human body can be used. Unfortunately, there is a serious practical problem that this configuration cannot be realized easily because the implantable solenoidal coil cannot be positioned around the tubular biological structure unless either the structure or the coil is cut and reconnected, which is impermissible in most cases. In addition, when a planner exterior coil is used for wireless power transfer and communication, its maximum magnetic coupling with the implanted solenoidal coil is achieved when the tubular structure is perpendicular to the surface of the body. However, in human anatomy, most tubular/rod structures are oriented horizontally. In order to solve these problems, we present a new flexible coil for the class of wrapped-around implantable devices. Our multilayer coil has specially designed windings in cross patterns. The new coil can be made conveniently in high precision at low cost on a flat substrate using the same technology for making the flexible multilayer printed circuit boards along with miniature sensors and electronic circuits. This allows the implant to be made in a flat form and then wrapped around the biostructure during surgery. We present the design of this new coil, perform theoretical analysis with respect to its wireless power transfer efficiency, discuss the effects of coil parameters, and conduct experiments using constructed miniature prototypes. Our results confirm the validity of the new coil.

  12. A miniature implantable coil that can be wrapped around a tubular organ within the human body

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shitong Mao

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available There are many tubular or rod-shaped organs and tissues within the human body. A miniature medical implant that wraps around such a biological structure can monitor or modulate its function. In order to provide the wrap-around implant with power, a solenoidal coil coupled wirelessly with a planar coil outside the human body can be used. Unfortunately, there is a serious practical problem that this configuration cannot be realized easily because the implantable solenoidal coil cannot be positioned around the tubular biological structure unless either the structure or the coil is cut and reconnected, which is impermissible in most cases. In addition, when a planner exterior coil is used for wireless power transfer and communication, its maximum magnetic coupling with the implanted solenoidal coil is achieved when the tubular structure is perpendicular to the surface of the body. However, in human anatomy, most tubular/rod structures are oriented horizontally. In order to solve these problems, we present a new flexible coil for the class of wrapped-around implantable devices. Our multilayer coil has specially designed windings in cross patterns. The new coil can be made conveniently in high precision at low cost on a flat substrate using the same technology for making the flexible multilayer printed circuit boards along with miniature sensors and electronic circuits. This allows the implant to be made in a flat form and then wrapped around the biostructure during surgery. We present the design of this new coil, perform theoretical analysis with respect to its wireless power transfer efficiency, discuss the effects of coil parameters, and conduct experiments using constructed miniature prototypes. Our results confirm the validity of the new coil.

  13. Impact-friction vibrations of tubular systems. Numerical simulation and experimental validation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jacquart, G.

    1993-05-01

    This note presents a summary on the numerical developments made to simulate impact-friction vibrations of tubular systems, detailing the algorithms used and the expression of impact and friction forces. A synthesis of the experimental results obtained on MASSIF workbench is also presented, as well as their comparison with numerical computations in order to validate the numerical approach. (author). 5 refs

  14. Three-dimensional hierarchical porous tubular carbon as a host matrix for long-term lithium-selenium batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jia, Min; Lu, Shiyu; Chen, Yuming; Liu, Ting; Han, Jin; Shen, Bolei; Wu, Xiaoshuai; Bao, Shu-Juan; Jiang, Jian; Xu, Maowen

    2017-11-01

    Lithium-selenium (Li-Se) batteries are of great interest as a representative family of electrochemical energy storage systems because of their high theoretical volumetric capacity and considerable electronic conductivity. However, the main drawback of Se electrodes is the rapid capacity fading caused by the dissolution of polyselenides upon cycling. Here, we report a simple, economical, and effective method for the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbon with a hollow tubular structure as a host matrix for loading Se and trapping polyselenides. The as-obtained porous tubular carbon shows a superior specific surface area of 1786 m2 g-1, a high pore volume of 0.79 cm3 g-1, and many nanostructured pores. Benefiting from the unique structural characteristics, the resulting hierarchical porous carbon/Se composite exhibits a high capacity of 515 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C. More importantly, a remarkable cycling stability over 900 cycles at 2 C with a capacity fading rate of merely 0.02% per cycle can be achieved. The 3D hollow porous tubular carbon can be also used for other high-performance electrodes of electrochemical energy storage.

  15. Automation of Hessian-Based Tubularity Measure Response Function in 3D Biomedical Images.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dzyubak, Oleksandr P; Ritman, Erik L

    2011-01-01

    The blood vessels and nerve trees consist of tubular objects interconnected into a complex tree- or web-like structure that has a range of structural scale 5 μm diameter capillaries to 3 cm aorta. This large-scale range presents two major problems; one is just making the measurements, and the other is the exponential increase of component numbers with decreasing scale. With the remarkable increase in the volume imaged by, and resolution of, modern day 3D imagers, it is almost impossible to make manual tracking of the complex multiscale parameters from those large image data sets. In addition, the manual tracking is quite subjective and unreliable. We propose a solution for automation of an adaptive nonsupervised system for tracking tubular objects based on multiscale framework and use of Hessian-based object shape detector incorporating National Library of Medicine Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) image processing libraries.

  16. Evaluation of tubular reactor designs for supercritical water oxidation of U.S. Department of Energy mixed waste

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barnes, C.M.

    1994-12-01

    Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is an emerging technology for industrial waste treatment and is being developed for treatment of the US Department of Energy (DOE) mixed hazardous and radioactive wastes. In the SCWO process, wastes containing organic material are oxidized in the presence of water at conditions of temperature and pressure above the critical point of water, 374 C and 22.1 MPa. DOE mixed wastes consist of a broad spectrum of liquids, sludges, and solids containing a wide variety of organic components plus inorganic components including radionuclides. This report is a review and evaluation of tubular reactor designs for supercritical water oxidation of US Department of Energy mixed waste. Tubular reactors are evaluated against requirements for treatment of US Department of Energy mixed waste. Requirements that play major roles in the evaluation include achieving acceptable corrosion, deposition, and heat removal rates. A general evaluation is made of tubular reactors and specific reactors are discussed. Based on the evaluations, recommendations are made regarding continued development of supercritical water oxidation reactors for US Department of Energy mixed waste

  17. Radiation-induced changes in glomerular and tubular cell kinetics and morphology following irradiation of a single kidney in the pig

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Robbins, Mike E. C.; Bonsib, Stephen M.; Ikeda, Andrea; Soranson, Julie A.; Wilson, George D.; Rezvani, Mohi; Golding, Stephen J.; Whitehouse, Elizabeth; Hopewell, John W.

    1995-01-01

    Purpose: Radiation-induced changes in glomerular and tubular cell kinetics and morphology following irradiation of a single pig kidney were assessed. Methods and Materials: The right kidney of 13 adult female Large White pigs was irradiated with a single dose of 9.8 Gy γ rays. Animals were serially killed between 2 and 24 weeks postirradiation (PI); 1 h prior to postmortem each pig received 500 mg bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). At postmortem, both kidneys were removed and tissue taken to prepare cell suspensions. The labeling index (LI) of these suspensions was measured using flow cytometry; in vivo BrdUrd incorporation in glomerular and tubular cells was determined immunohistochemically. The kidneys were also assessed histologically. Results: Irradiation of the right kidney alone resulted in a significant increase in renal cell LI in both the irradiated and the contralateral unirradiated kidney within 2 weeks of irradiation; peak values of 1.57 ± 0.32% and 1.04 ± 0.13%, respectively, were seen 4 weeks PI, significantly greater p < 0.001) than the preirradiation value of 0.18 ± 0.01%. The LI values then declined with time, but remained greater than those seen prior to irradiation. A similar pattern of response was determined from counts of labeled glomerular and tubular cells identified immunohistochemically. The increase in labeled glomerular cells was seen 2 weeks PI, whereas that for the tubular cells did not occur until 4 weeks PI. The irradiated kidney exhibited diffuse, progressive glomerular alterations. In contrast, tubular damage was focal; the irradiated kidney also exhibited a prominent vasculopathy, involving arteriolar and peripheral interlobular artery thickening. The contralateral unirradiated kidney appeared unchanged. Conclusion: These findings confirm the hypothesis that the morphologic and kinetic responses observed after irradiation of a single kidney are similar to those observed after irradiation of both kidneys. Renal irradiation results in

  18. Comparative studies of Yersinia pestis outer membrane isolation techniques and their potential use in plague epidemiology Estudo comparativo de técnicas de isolamento de membrana externa de Yersinia pestis e seu uso na epidemiologia da peste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederico Guilherme Coutinho Abath

    1990-04-01

    Full Text Available In the present study three techniques for obtaining outer membrane enriched fractions from Yersinia pestis were evaluated. The techniques analysed were: differential solubilization of the cytoplasmic membrane with Sarkosyl or Triton X-100, and centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. The sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE of outer membrane isolated by the different methods resulted in similar protein patterns. The measurement of NADH-dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (inner membrane enzymes indicated that the outer membrane preparations obtained by the three methods were pure enough for analytical studies. In addition, preliminary evidences on the potential use of outer membrane proteins for the identification of geographic variants of Y. pestis wild isolates are presented.No presente estudo três técnicas para isolamento de frações enriquecidas em membrana externa de Y. pestis foram avaliadas. As técnicas utilizadas foram: centrifugação em gradiente de densidade em sacarose e solubilização diferencial com Sarkosyl ou Triton X-100. A análise por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida na presença de dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE das membranas externas extraídas pelos diferentes métodos evidenciou perfis protéicos semelhantes. A determinação das atividades de NADH-desidrogenase e succinato-desidrogenase (enzimas de membrana interna indicou que todas as preparações estudadas eram adequadas a estudos analíticos. Obteve-se evidências preliminares sobre o possível uso de perfis protéicos de membrana externa na identificação de variantes geográficos entre isolados selvagens de Y. pestis.

  19. Avaliação do tratamento subcrônico com o extrato hidroalcoólico de Calendula officinalis L. sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos em ratas Wistar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E.J.R. Silva

    Full Text Available Os efeitos da administração oral subcrônica do extrato hidroalcoólico (EHA preparado de flores de Calendula officinalis L. foram investigados sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos em ratas Wistar adultas. Quarenta ratas (n=10/grupo foram tratadas durante 30 dias consecutivos com EHA por via oral nas doses de 0,25, 0,5, e 1,0 g/kg de peso e, em seguida, determinados os perfis bioquímico e hematológico e a massa dos órgãos. Os resultados mostram que durante o período do tratamento não se observou sinais de toxicidade ou morte. Os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos, assim como a massa dos órgãos não foram modificados pela administração subcrônica do EHA, excetuando-se aumento significativo de 24,2% para uréia na maior dose estudada e aumento, respectivamente, de 62,3, 30,2 e 44,4%, para ALT. Na hematologia, registrou-se flutuação dentro dos valores de referência na contagem diferencial de neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos. Dessa forma, a administração subcrônica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Calendula officinalis não produz efeitos tóxicos sobre a maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos estudados em ratas Wistar adultas. Entretanto, o aumento dos níveis séricos de uréia e alanina aminotransferase (ALT em doses elevadas sugere sobrecargas renal e hepática, respectivamente, as quais devem ser investigadas em maiores detalhes.

  20. Renal tubular acidosis complicated with hyponatremia due to cortisol insufficiency

    OpenAIRE

    Izumi, Yuichiro; Nakayama, Yushi; Onoue, Tomoaki; Inoue, Hideki; Mukoyama, Masashi

    2015-01-01

    Adrenocortical insufficiency such as occurs in Addison's disease causes hyponatremia and renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Hyponatremia results from both aldosterone and cortisol insufficiency. RTA is due to aldosterone insufficiency. The involvement of cortisol in RTA is unclear. Here, we report a woman in her 70s who was admitted to our hospital with severe hyponatremia (106 mEq/l) and RTA. The patient exhibited low plasma cortisol levels with little response to rapid adrenocorticotropic hormon...

  1. Estimativa da biomassa e do comprimento de raízes finas em Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake no município de Santa Maria-RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Witschoreck Rudi

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a biomassa e o comprimento de raízes finas (< 2 mm de diâmetro, em diferentes profundidades do solo, para a espécieEucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, com 10 anos de idade. O estudo foi realizado no município de Santa Maria-RS, no campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O talhão plantado com eucalipto tem 27 m de comprimento por 14 m de largura, em espaçamento 3 x 2 m. Foram amostrados quatro monolitos de 25 x 25 x 60 cm. Os monolitos foram divididos em seis perfis geométricos, nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60 cm. A separação das raízes do solo foi por meio de um conjunto de duas peneiras (2 e 1 mm de malha e jatos d'água. Na determinação do comprimento de raízes foi utilizado o método de intersecção, produzindo fotos com o uso de scanner. Os resultados revelaram alta concentração das raízes finas nos primeiros 20 cm de solo. A biomassa total de raízes finas encontradas para o Eucalyptus urophylla foi de 1.451,6 kg/ha, devendo ser ressaltado que 57,9% estavam concentradas nos primeiros 20 cm de solo. Constatou-se que o comprimento total de raízes finas foi de 27.968,9 km/ha e que 64,3% destes estavam nos primeiros 20 cm de profundidade.

  2. Função renal em pacientes com leishmaniose muco-cutânea tratados com antimoniais pentavalentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joel Paulo Russomano Veiga

    1985-12-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se a função renal em 10 pacientes com leishmaniose muco-cutânea tratados com glucantime (antimoniato de Meglumine, Rhodia ou Pentostam (estibogluconato de sólio, Wellcome. Durante o uso das drogas, verificou-se a existência de um defeito na capacidade concentrante do rim, obtendo-se menores valores da osmolaridade urinária máxima e de depuração negativa máxima de água livre, neste período, em relação aos testes efetuados antes do tratamento. A capacidade de concentração urinária normalizou-se em 5, de 8 pacientes estudados no período de 15 a 30 dias, após a suspensão dos medicamentos, embora com valores de osmolaridade urinária máxima inferiores aos obtidos antes do tratamento. Em dois pacientes surgiu proteínúria, acima de 150 mg/dia, com o uso dos antimoniais, normalizando-se posteriormente. A depuração de creatinina endógena não se alterou significativamente com o uso das drogas. Os resultados sugerem que os antimoniais pentavalentes podem levar a uma disfunção tubular renal, caracterizada por um defeito na capacidade de concentrar a urina, reversível após a retirada dos medicamentos.

  3. Dragon (Repulsive Guidance Molecule RGMb) Inhibits E-cadherin Expression and Induces Apoptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Wenjing; Li, Xiaoling; Zhao, Yueshui; Meng, Xiao-Ming; Wan, Chao; Yang, Baoxue; Lan, Hui-Yao; Lin, Herbert Y.; Xia, Yin

    2013-01-01

    Dragon is one of the three members of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family, i.e. RGMa, RGMb (Dragon), and RGMc (hemojuvelin). We previously identified the RGM members as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptors that enhance BMP signaling. Our previous studies found that Dragon is highly expressed in the tubular epithelial cells of mouse kidneys. However, the roles of Dragon in renal epithelial cells are yet to be defined. We now show that overexpression of Dragon increased cell death induced by hypoxia in association with increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase-3 levels in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD3) cells. Dragon also inhibited E-cadherin expression but did not affect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β in IMCD3 cells. Previous studies suggest that the three RGM members can function as ligands for the receptor neogenin. Interestingly, our present study demonstrates that the Dragon actions on apoptosis and E-cadherin expression in IMCD3 cells were mediated by the neogenin receptor but not through the BMP pathway. Dragon expression in the kidney was up-regulated by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Compared with wild-type mice, heterozygous Dragon knock-out mice exhibited 45–66% reduction in Dragon mRNA expression, decreased epithelial apoptosis, and increased tubular E-cadherin expression and had attenuated tubular injury after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Our results suggest that Dragon may impair tubular epithelial integrity and induce epithelial apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. PMID:24052264

  4. Experimental analysis of performance degradation of micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells fed by different fuel mixtures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Calise, F.; Restucccia, G.; Sammes, N.

    This paper analyzes the thermodynamic and electrochemical dynamic performance of an anode supported micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fed by different types of fuel. The micro-tubular SOFC used is anode supported, consisting of a NiO and Gd 0.2Ce 0.8O 2- x (GDC) cermet anode, thin GDC electrolyte, and a La 0.6Sr 0.4Co 0.2Fe 0.8O 3- y (LSCF) and GDC cermet cathode. The fabrication of the cells under investigation is briefly summarized, with emphasis on the innovations with respect to traditional techniques. Such micro-tubular cells were tested using a Test Stand consisting of: a vertical tubular furnace, an electrical load, a galvanostast, a bubbler, gas pipelines, temperature, pressure and flow meters. The tests on the micro-SOFC were performed using H 2, CO, CH 4 and H 2O in different combinations at 550 °C, to determine the cell polarization curves under several load cycles. Long-term experimental tests were also performed in order to assess degradation of the electrochemical performance of the cell. Results of the tests were analyzed aiming at determining the sources of the cell performance degradation. Authors concluded that the cell under investigation is particularly sensitive to the carbon deposition which significantly reduces cell performance, after few cycles, when fed by light hydrocarbons. A significant performance degradation is also detected when hydrogen is used as fuel. In this case, the authors ascribe the degradation to the micro-cracks, the change in materials crystalline structure and problems with electrical connections.

  5. Untethered Recyclable Tubular Actuators with Versatile Locomotion for Soft Continuum Robots.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qian, Xiaojie; Chen, Qiaomei; Yang, Yang; Xu, Yanshuang; Li, Zhen; Wang, Zhenhua; Wu, Yahe; Wei, Yen; Ji, Yan

    2018-05-27

    Stimuli-responsive materials offer a distinguished platform to build tether-free compact soft robots, which can combine sensing and actuation without a linked power supply. In the past, tubular soft robots have to be made by multiple components with various internal channels or complex cavities assembled together. Moreover, robust processing, complex locomotion, simple structure, and easy recyclability represent major challenges in this area. Here, it is shown that those challenges can be tackled by liquid crystalline elastomers with allyl sulfide functional groups. The light-controlled exchange reaction between allyl sulfide groups allows flexible processing of tubular soft robots/actuators, which does not need any assisting materials. Complex locomotion demonstrated here includes reversible simultaneous bending and elongation; reversible diameter expansion; and omnidirectional bending via remote infrared light control. Different modes of actuation can be programmed into the same tube without the routine assembly of multiple tubes as used in the past. In addition, the exchange reaction also makes it possible to use the same single tube repeatedly to perform different functions by erasing and reprogramming. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia - 2004 - Teses Defendidas - Doutorado - Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available 125Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ Volume 27 / 2004Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia Teses Defendidas - Doutorado Autor: Helder Manuel da Costa Santos Orientadoras: Helena Polivanov e Josilda Rodrigues da Silva de Moura Título: Caracterização física, química, mineralógica e geotécnicados gleissolos das baixadas de Santa Cruz, Guaratiba eJacarepaguá do município do Rio de Janeiro. No de páginas: 241 Resumo: Este trabalho trata do estudo dos gleissolos das baixadas de San-ta Cruz, Guaratiba e Jacarepaguá do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Osgleissolos ocorrem extensamente nestas baixadas, principalmente, nasbaixadas de Santa Cruz e Guaratiba e se caracterizam por apresenta-rem, em seus perfis, camadas de argilas moles. A sistematização doestudo foi realizada nos solos das unidades gleissolo húmico (GHa,gleissolo pouco húmico (GPa, gleissolo húmico salino tiomórfico (GHTe gleissolo salino indiscriminado (GIS sendo os dois primeiros não sali-nos e os dois últimos salinos. Para a caracterização destes solos reali-zaram-se análises físicas, químicas, mineralógicas, ensaios de palheta ede adensamento e também estudos geofísicos. Os resultadosmostram que os solos gleissolos são predominantemente argilosos, deconsistência mole a muito mole, compressíveis, de baixa resistência,agressivos por corrosão às estruturas metálicas e de concreto e acaulinita aparece como o argilomineral predominante. Os solos das uni-dades salinas GHT e GIS apresentaram as piores condições naturais egeotécnicas para a implantação de obras de engenharia. Comparaçõescom os dados de solos argilosos de baixadas litorâneas brasileiras e dealguns países mostram que os solos quaternários, em geral, guardamsemelhanças em termos de propriedades geotécnicas devido à histó-ria geológica comum. 126Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ Volume 27 / 2004Autor: Klaus Cozzolino Orientador: Jadir da Conceição da Silva T

  7. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of kidney: A rare case report and review of the literature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geramizadeh Bita

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Low grade mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of kidney was newly established as a distinct renal cell carcinoma in the World Health Organization (WHO classification of 2004. Until now, less than 60 cases have been reported and the largest series represented approximately 15 patients with this type of tumor. Herein, we report a case of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma in a 63-year-old male presented with right flank pain which was diagnosed after nephrectomy. Pathologists should consider this diagnosis and its spectrum of histopathologic features in mind to ensure an accurate diagnosis.

  8. La doble ruptura del equilibrio dinámico de la frontera viva colombo-venezolana: nuevos perfiles demográficos e impacto en bienes colectivos colombianos; A dupla ruptura de equilibrio dinâmico da frontera viva colombo-venezuelana: novos perfis demográficos e impacto em bens coletivos colombianos; Double rupture of the dynamic balance of the colombo-venezuelan live border: new demographic profiles and impact on colombian public goods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    admin Alvarado Araque

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Este texto presenta desde una perspectiva netamente teórica, las esperables consecuencias en la prestación de bienes y servicios colectivos que podría tener la actual coyuntura migratoria de la población venezolana hacia Colombia. Para esto, se describen las características que envuelven el proceso migratorio en particular y los perfiles migrantes, lo que permitiría entrever las posibles afectaciones sobre bienes colectivos, tales como: salud, educación y seguridad ciudadana. Palabras clave: migraciones, Venezuela, Colombia.   Resumo: Este texto apresenta desde uma perspectiva …, das esperadas consequências na prestação de bens e serviços coletivos que podem ter, a atual conjuntura migratória da população venezuelana até a Colômbia. Para isso, se descrevem as características que envolvem o proceso migratório em particular e os perfis migrantes, o que permitiría antever as possiveis consequências sobre bens coletivos, tais como: saúde, educação e segurança cidadã. Palavras-chaves: migração; Venezuela; Colômbia.   Abstract: This paper presents, from a purely theoretical perspective, the expected consequences in the provision of collective goods and services, that could happen in the current migratory situation of the Venezuelan population towards Colombia. In this way, we describe the characteristics that surround the migratory process in particular, and the migrant profiles, which would allow us to see the possible effects on collective goods, such as health, education and citizen security. Key words: Colombia, Venezuela, Migratory processes, Public goods.

  9. Caracterização genética de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros eficientes em culturas do guandu e caupi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernandes Marcelo Ferreira

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar geneticamente sete estirpes de rizóbios nativos dos tabuleiros costeiros de Sergipe com alta eficiência de fixação biológica do N2 em associação com guandu (Cajanus cajan e caupi (Vigna unguiculata. A amplificação do DNA pela técnica de PCR (polymerase chain reaction com o oligonucleotídeo específico BOX indicou um grau elevado de diversidade genética, uma vez que todas as estirpes apresentaram perfis únicos de DNA. A análise por BOX-PCR revelou, ainda, que essa metodologia é eficiente para diferenciar estirpes, mas não para a diferenciação de espécies de rizóbio. Pela técnica do RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism da região do DNA que codifica o gene 16S rRNA e da região intergênica entre os genes 16S e 23S rRNA, com cinco enzimas de restrição, bem como pelo seqüenciamento parcial da região do 16S rRNA, foi possível classificar as estirpes nos gêneros Bradyrhizobium e Rhizobium. Houve coerência entre as análises envolvendo a região do 16S rRNA, mas o agrupamento com uma das estirpes diferiu pela análise do espaço intergênico. Os resultados obtidos com a estirpe R11 indicam variabilidade genética elevada em relação às espécies de rizóbios descritas, inclusive diferindo em diversas bases da região do 16S rRNA, e podem indicar uma nova espécie.

  10. Evaluation of the diffusion model considering the variation in time of the chloride content of the concrete surface

    OpenAIRE

    Arpino, Cristiane Rodrigues; Guimarães, André Cunha Tavares

    2014-01-01

    Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o aumento da taxa de deposição de cloretos na superfície do concreto (Cs) exposto à ambiente marítimo, no tempo, e avaliar modelo de difusão que considera esta condição. Para tal, fora realizada análise e comparação entre os perfis de cloretos em tetrápodes localizados no extremo sul do Brasil, obtidos de amostras extraídas aos 5 anos (dezembro/2002) e 9,5 anos (junho/2007) de quatro micro climas, sendo estes localizados em diferentes condições de exposição no a...

  11. Reserva mineral de potássio em Latossolo cultivado com Pinus taeda L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michael Jonathan Fernandes Alves

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available No Brasil, aproximadamente 1,87 milhões de hectares são plantados com as espécies de Pinus, normalmente em solos pobres quimicamente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a mineralogia das frações areia, silte e argila e estimar a reserva mineral de K por diferentes métodos de extrações químicas em solo naturalmente pobre nesse nutriente e cultivado com Pinus taeda L., no Segundo Planalto Paranaense. Foram selecionadas cinco árvores com maior diâmetro (árvores dominantes, em uma área de 500 m², para abertura de uma trincheira (1,6 m na projeção da copa de cada árvore. Todos os perfis foram classificados como Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico típico e apresentaram similaridade na morfologia e na sequência dos horizontes, cujas profundidades médias foram: O = 0,04 m, A1 = 0-0,09 m, A2 = 0,09-0,24 m, BA = 0,24-0,43 m, B1 = 0,43-0,66 m e B2 = 0,66-1,60+ m. As amostras coletadas em cada horizonte foram submetidas a análises físicas (granulometria e químicas (pH, carbono orgânico, acidez potencial, Al3+ e bases trocáveis, P disponível, K total e não trocável, e as frações areia, silte e argila foram estudadas por difratometria de raios-X (DRX. As frações areia e silte dos solos apresentaram mineralogia bastante uniforme, com predomínio absoluto de quartzo e apenas ocorrência de discretas reflexões de mica por DRX. A fração argila também apresentou limitada ocorrência de minerais micáceos. Os tratamentos sequenciais para remoção de óxidos de Fe, gibbsita e caulinita foram eficientes para concentração de mica na fração argila, o que facilitou a identificação de biotita e muscovita por DRX. Os baixos teores de K não trocável obtidos com diferentes concentrações de HNO3 fervente (máximo de 91 mg kg-1 e de K total extraído com HF concentrado (máximo de 202,7 mg kg-1 foram consistentes com a pobreza das frações do solo em minerais primários, fontes desse nutriente. As correla

  12. Tubular immunostimulating complex based on cucumarioside A2-2 and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from marine macrophytes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vorobyeva Natalia S

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background There is an urgent need to develop safe and effective adjuvants for the new generation of subunit vaccines. We developed the tubular immunostimulating complex (TI-complex as a new nanoparticulate antigen delivery system. The morphology and composition of TI-complexes principally differ from the known vesicular immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs. However, methodology for the preparation of TI-complexes has suffered a number of shortcomings. The aim of the present work was to obtain an antigen carrier consisting of triterpene glycosides from Cucumaria japonica, cholesterol, and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from marine macrophytes with reproducible properties and high adjuvant activity. Results The cucumarioside A2-2 - cholesterol - MGalDG ratio of 6:2:4 (by weight was found to provide the most effective formation of TI-complexes and the minimum hemolytic activity in vitro. Tubules of TI-complexes have an outer diameter of about 16 nm, an inner diameter of 6 nm, and a length of 500 nm. A significant dilution by the buffer gradually destroyed the tubular nanoparticles. The TI-complex was able to increase the immunogenicity of the protein antigens from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis by three to four times. Conclusions We propose an optimized methodology for the preparation of homogeneous TI-complexes containing only tubular particles, which would achieve reproducible immunization results. We suggest that the elaborated TI-complexes apply as a universal delivery system for different subunit antigens within anti-infectious vaccines and enhance their economic efficacy and safety.

  13. An ultrasonic inspection tool for production tubulars

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Newton, K; Martin, R; Ravenscroft, F [AEA Technology, Harwell (United Kingdom)

    1994-06-01

    Advances in ultrasonic technology, high temperature techniques and remote processing power are enabling a new generation of inspection tools to be developed. This paper describes a particular new ultrasonic caliper system, developed by AEA Technology, with the aim of providing improved information about the condition of production tubulars of oil and gas wells. The system is designed to provide enhanced surface area coverage compared to the current devices, which are typically mechanical 'finger' calipers. It also provides a non-contacting measure of corrosion and wear together with direct on-line output and automated data analysis. The new tool is designed to operate in oil and gas, vertical or deviated wells and has the potential for modification to inspect small diameter pipes in topside or other plant. (author)

  14. A specimen of <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> in Barn Owl's pellets from Murge plateau (Apulia, Italy / Su di un <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> (Insectivora, Soricidae rinvenuto in borre di <em>Tyto albaem> delle Murge (Puglia, Italia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanni Ferrara

    1992-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract In a lot of Barn Owl's pellets from the Murge plateau a specimen of <em>Sorex> sp. was detected. Thank to some morphological and morphometrical features, the cranial bones can be tentatively attributed to <em>Sorex samniticusem> Altobello, 1926. The genus <em>Sorex> was not yet included in the Apulia's fauna southwards of the Gargano district; the origin and significance of the above record is briefly discussed, the actual presence of a natural population of <em>Sorex> in the Murge being not yet proved. Riassunto Viene segnalato il rinvenimento di un esemplare di <em>Sorex> cfr. <em>samniticus> da borre di <em>Tyto albaem> delle Murge. Poiché il genere non era stato ancora segnalato nella Puglia a sud del Gargano, viene discusso il significato faunistico del reperto.

  15. An all-glass solid sampling device for open tubular columns in gas chromatography

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cox, T.P.H.; vd Berg, P.M.J.

    1972-01-01

    An all-glass system for direct sample-introduction of high-boiling compounds onto open tubular columns is described. The standard deviation for quantitative measurements is less than 2.7%. The loss in resolving power of capillary columns, due to this injection system is negligible. The system is

  16. Efecto de extractos vegetales de <em>Polygonum hydropiperoidesem>, <em>Solanum nigrumem> y <em>Calliandra pittieriem> sobre el gusano cogollero (<em>Spodoptera frugiperdaem>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizarazo H. Karol

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available

    El gusano cogollero <em>Spodoptera frugiperdaem> es una de las plagas que más afectan los cultivos en la región de Sumapaz (Cundinamarca, Colombia. En la actualidad se controla principalmente aplicando productos de síntesis química, sin embargo la aplicación de extractos vegetales surge como una alternativa de menor impacto sobre el ambiente. Este control se emplea debido a que las plantas contienen metabolitos secundarios que pueden inhibir el desarrollo de los insectos. Por tal motivo, la presente investigación evaluó el efecto insecticida y antialimentario de extractos vegetales de barbasco <em>Polygonum hydropiperoidesem> (Polygonaceae, carbonero <em>Calliandra pittieriem> (Mimosaceae y hierba mora <em>Solanum nigrumem> (Solanaceae sobre larvas de <em>S. frugiperdaem> biotipo maíz. Se estableció una cría masiva del insecto en el laboratorio utilizando una dieta natural con hojas de maíz. Posteriormente se obtuvieron extractos vegetales utilizando solventes de alta polaridad (agua y etanol y media polaridad (diclorometano los cuales se aplicaron sobre las larvas de segundo instar. Los resultados más destacados se presentaron con extractos de <em>P. hydropiperoidesem>, obtenidos con diclorometano en sus diferentes dosis, con los cuales se alcanzó una mortalidad de 100% 12 días después de la aplicación y un efecto antialimentario representado por un consumo de follaje de maíz inferior al 4%, efectos similares a los del testigo comercial (Clorpiriphos.

  17. Bmi-1 plays a critical role in the protection from acute tubular necrosis by mobilizing renal stem/progenitor cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lv, Xianhui; Yu, Zhenzhen; Xie, Chunfeng; Dai, Xiuliang; Li, Qing; Miao, Dengshun; Jin, Jianliang

    2017-01-22

    The regeneration of injured tubular cell occurs primarily from intrinsic renal stem/progenitor cells (RSCs) labeled with CD24 and CD133 after acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Bmi-1 plays a crucial role in regulating self-renewal, differentiation and aging of multiple adult stem cells and progenitor cells. Bmi-1 was rapidly elevated in the induction of adult kidney regeneration by renal injury. To determine whether Bmi-1 maintained mobilization of RSCs in the protection from ATN, glycerol-rhabdomyolysis-induced ATN were performed in wild type (WT) and Bmi-1-deficient (Bmi-1 -/- ) mice. Their ATN phenotypes were analyzed; CD24 and CD133 double positive (CD24 + CD133 + ) cells were measured; and the levels of serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected. We found that CD24 + CD133 + RSCs were mobilized in WT ATN mice with the increased expression of Bmi-1; Bmi-1 deficiency led to increased tubular cast formation and necrosis, elevated levels of SUN and SCr, decreased tubular proliferation, and immobilized ratio of RSCs in ATN. These findings indicated that Bmi-1 played a critical role in the protection from ATN by maintaining mobilization of RSCs and would be a novel therapeutic target for preventing the progression of ATN. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. A paracrine mechanism involving renal tubular cells, adipocytes and macrophages promotes kidney stone formation in a simulated metabolic syndrome environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuo, Li; Tozawa, Keiichi; Okada, Atsushi; Yasui, Takahiro; Taguchi, Kazumi; Ito, Yasuhiko; Hirose, Yasuhiko; Fujii, Yasuhiro; Niimi, Kazuhiro; Hamamoto, Shuzo; Ando, Ryosuke; Itoh, Yasunori; Zou, Jiangang; Kohri, Kenjiro

    2014-06-01

    We developed an in vitro system composed of renal tubular cells, adipocytes and macrophages to simulate metabolic syndrome conditions. We investigated the molecular communication mechanism of these cells and their involvement in kidney stone formation. Mouse renal tubular cells (M-1) were cocultured with adipocytes (3T3-L1) and/or macrophages (RAW264.7). Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals were exposed to M-1 cells after 48-hour coculture and the number of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals adherent to the cells was quantified. The expression of cocultured medium and M-1 cell inflammatory factors was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The inflammatory markers MCP-1, OPN and TNF-α were markedly up-regulated in cocultured M-1 cells. OPN expression increased in M-1 cells cocultured with RAW264.7 cells while MCP-1 and TNF-α were over expressed in M-1 cells cocultured with 3T3-L1 cells. Coculturing M-1 cells simultaneously with 3T3-L1 and RAW264.7 cells resulted in a significant increase in calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal adherence to M-1 cells. Inflammatory cytokine changes were induced by coculturing renal tubular cells with adipocytes and/or macrophages without direct contact, indicating that crosstalk between adipocytes/macrophages and renal tubular cells was mediated by soluble factors. The susceptibility to urolithiasis of patients with metabolic syndrome might be due to aggravated inflammation of renal tubular cells triggered by a paracrine mechanism involving these 3 cell types. Copyright © 2014 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Distrofia neuroaxonal infantil: diagnóstico em vida por biopsia conjuntival

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Rosemberg

    1985-03-01

    Full Text Available São relatados três casos de distrofia neuroaxonal infantil cujo diagnóstico foi feito mediante o estudo ultrastrutural de biópsia da conjuntiva. Nesta, algumas fibras nervosas amielínicas e, mais raramente, as mielínicas, mostravam, no axoplasma, agregados densos membrano-tubulares, idênticos aos dos esferóides ocorrentes no SNC nesta doença. O achado destas estruturas é o único meio diagnóstico em vida. A biópsia da conjuntiva, pela facilidade de sua execução e por sua inocuidade, é o procedimento preferido para este estudo. Clinicamente, a enorme hipotonia aliada a sinais piramidais, a ausência de crises convulsivas, a atrofia cerebelar visível à tomografia e o modo evolutivo, sugerem fortemente o diagnóstico de distrofia neuroaxonal infantil.

  20. Rapid Development of Microsatellite Markers with 454 Pyrosequencing in a Vulnerable Fish<em>,> the Mottled Skate<em>, Raja em>pulchra>

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jung-Ha Kang

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The mottled skate, <em>Raja pulchraem>, is an economically valuable fish. However, due to a severe population decline, it is listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. To analyze its genetic structure and diversity, microsatellite markers were developed using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 17,033 reads containing dinucleotide microsatellite repeat units (mean, 487 base pairs were identified from 453,549 reads. Among 32 loci containing more than nine repeat units, 20 primer sets (62% produced strong PCR products, of which 14 were polymorphic. In an analysis of 60 individuals from two <em>R. pulchra em>populations, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1–10, and the mean allelic richness was 4.7. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any pair of loci, indicating that the markers were independent. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test showed significant deviation in two of the 28 single-loci after sequential Bonferroni’s correction. Using 11 primer sets, cross-species amplification was demonstrated in nine related species from four families within two classes. Among the 11 loci amplified from three other <em>Rajidae> family species; three loci were polymorphic. A monomorphic locus was amplified in all three <em>Rajidae> family species and the <em>Dasyatidae> family. Two <em>Rajidae> polymorphic loci amplified monomorphic target DNAs in four species belonging to the Carcharhiniformes class, and another was polymorphic in two Carcharhiniformes species.