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Sample records for em oncologia ocular

  1. Cuidado paliativo em oncologia pediátrica na formação do enfermeiro

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    Tuani Magalhães Guimarães

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e descrever a visão dos acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre os cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica durante a graduação. Método Pesquisa exploratória, abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em uma Escola de Enfermagem no Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a novembro de 2014, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 20 acadêmicos do último período de graduação. A análise temática dos dados foi realizada. Resultados Foram elaboradas duas unidades temáticas: o (despreparo dos acadêmicos de enfermagem frente aos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica e a abordagem dos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica na graduação em enfermagem. Os acadêmicos apontaram dificuldades para a realização desse cuidado e a falta de contato com a temática no decorrer da graduação. Os entrevistados citam estratégias de preparo para o cuidado e propõem como o tema deve ser abordado na grade curricular. Conclusão É necessária a ampliação da discussão sobre os cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica durante a graduação do enfermeiro.

  2. Cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica na percepção dos acadêmicos de enfermagem

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    Tuani Magalhães Guimarães

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em 2014, na Escola de Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal no Rio de Janeiro. Realizada entrevista semiestruturada com vinte acadêmicos do último período da graduação. Na análise dos dados emergiram duas unidades temáticas: percepção dos acadêmicos quanto aos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica e quanto à atuação da equipe profissional. Resultados: Para os acadêmicos, os cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica estão relacionados ao controle de sinais e sintomas, conforto, apoio, promoção da qualidade de vida e bem-estar. Por outro lado, alguns entendem que o cuidado paliativo tem como objetivo prolongar o tempo de vida. Percebem a necessidade da atuação da equipe multiprofissional junto à criança e sua família. Conclusão: A complexidade e os múltiplos aspectos envolvidos no cuidado paliativo exige que o mesmo seja abordado durante a graduação dos Enfermeiros.

  3. Breve Apontamento da Recente Unidade de Oncologia Pulmonar do Hospital CUF Porto

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    Bárbara Parente

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available A Unidade de Oncologia Pulmonar do Hospital CUF Porto, iniciou a sua atividade no tratamento de doentes com patologia do foro torácico em janeiro de 2014. Tendo em conta toda a infraestrutura pré-existente no Hospital na área do diagnóstico e estadiamento, deu-se início à consulta Especializada em Oncologia Pulmonar com referenciação de doentes, quer interna, quer externamente, organizando o serviço centrado na doença e no doente.

  4. Resiliência na área da Enfermagem em Oncologia Resiliencia en el área de Enfermería en Oncologia Resilience and oncology nursing

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    Denise de Assis de Corrêa Sória

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou mapear a produção científica, nacional e internacional, sobre a resiliência na Enfermagem em Oncologia e discutir sua aplicabilidade na assistência. Resiliência origina-se do latim resiliens e significa saltar para trás, voltar, ser impelido, recuar, encolher-se, romper. Trata-se de revisão sistemática sem meta análise nas bases de dados Public Medical (PubMed, Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF e nos sites da Oncology Nursing Society e da International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care. Os descritores foram: resilience e nursing; resilience, cancer e oncology; resilience, nursing, cancer e oncology; resiliência e enfermagem; resiliência, câncer e oncologia; resiliência, enfermagem, câncer e oncologia. Foram encontrados 116 artigos e selecionados cinco artigos que abordam a resiliência vinculada à Enfermagem em Oncologia. Verifica-se uma lacuna na utilização do conceito na Enfermagem em Oncologia na América Latina, e incipiência nas produções internacionais. Há necessidade do incremento da abordagem da resiliência nessa área e ampliação da discussão na temática.En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo listar la producción científica nacional e internacional, sobre la resiliencia en el área de Enfermería en Oncología y discutir su aplicabilidad en la asistencia. La resiliencia se origina del latin resiliens y significa saltar hacia atrás, volver, ser impelido, retroceder, encogerse, romper. Se trata de una revisión sistemática sin meta análisis realizada en las bases de datos Public Medical (PubMed, Literatura Internacional en Ciencias de la Salud (Medline, Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS y Base de Datos de Enfermería (BDENF y en los sites de la Oncology Nursing Society y de la International Society of Nurses in Cancer

  5. O desenvolvimento da psico-oncologia: implicações para a pesquisa e intervenção profissional em saúde

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    Áderson L. Costa Junior

    Full Text Available Este artigo, de caráter descritivo e crítico, apresenta a área da psico-oncologia como integrante do contexto da psicologia da saúde, incluindo seus objetivos e principais tópicos de interesse científico e profissional. O texto inclui, ainda, uma síntese das principais temáticas estudadas em psico-oncologia e apresentadas em congressos brasileiros da área. Discute-se a necessidade da implementação de pesquisas científicas, com rigor metodológico, úteis à promoção de condições favoráveis ao atendimento especializado de pacientes submetidos a tratamento médico e seus familiares, bem como a implementação de oportunidades de formação teórico-técnica específicas para a área.

  6. Enxertia de pele em oncologia cutânea Skin grafts in cutaneous oncology

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    José Anselmo Lofêgo Filho

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Em oncologia cutânea depara-se freqüentemente com situações em que a confecção de um enxerto é uma boa alternativa para o fechamento do defeito cirúrgico. Conhecer aspectos referentes à integração e contração dos enxertos é fundamental para que os cirurgiões dermatológicos procedam de maneira a não contrariar princípios básicos do transplante de pele. Os autores fazem uma revisão da classificação e fisiologia dos enxertos de pele, acrescendo considerações cirúrgicas determinantes para o sucesso do procedimento.In cutaneous oncology, there are many situations in which skin grafts could be a good alternative for closing surgical defect. Dermatological surgeons should have enough knowledge about graft integration and contraction in order to not contradict the basic principles of skin transplantation. The authors review skin graft classification and physiology and make some surgical considerations on successful procedures.

  7. Prevalência de metástases oculares em pacientes com doença metastática reconhecida: resultados preliminares Prevalence of ocular metastasis in patients with known metastatic disease: preliminary results

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    Zélia Maria da Silva Corrêa

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar de forma prospectiva a prevalência de metástases oculares, tumor primário mais freqüente e tecido ocular comprometido com mais freqüência pela metástase. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados consecutivamente pacientes internados em Hospital de referência em Oncologia (HSR durante o período de janeiro 2001 a julho de 2002, portadores de neoplasia maligna e metástases sistêmicas. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo incluindo oftalmoscopia binocular indireta sob midríase farmacológica usando lente de 28 dioptrias e, em casos suspeitos de neoplasia, realizados ultra-som e angiografia fluorescente. Nos casos de dúvida diagnóstica, os pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia aspirativa com agulha fina. O diagnóstico de tumor ocular metastático foi estabelecido com base nas características clínicas e no resultado dos exames complementares citados. RESULTADOS: Os 100 pacientes estudados apresentaram idades entre 17 a 87 anos, sendo 71 do sexo feminino e 29 do masculino. Houve predomínio de indivíduos brancos (n=88 nesse grupo. Vinte e um pacientes apresentaram lesões oculares sugestivas de metástase. O tumor primário que originou metástase ocular mais freqüentemente foi o câncer de mama (28,6%. Avaliando o tipo tumoral separadamente, o carcinoma de pulmão apresentou maior prevalência de metástase para o olho nesta amostra (71,5%. A coróide foi comprometida em 57% dos casos e a queixa ocular principal desses pacientes foi embaçamento ou diminuição da visão. Não houve diferença na freqüência de acometimento entre olho direito e esquerdo. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de metástases oculares em pacientes com neoplasia maligna e doença metastática na amostra estudada pareceu significativa. As neoplasias que provocaram metástase ocular com maior freqüência foram: carcinoma de mama e pulmão, sendo que a coróide foi comprometida com maior freqüência.PURPOSE: To evaluate, in a

  8. Componentes oculares em anisometropia The ocular components in anisometropia

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    David Tayah

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar as correlações dos componentes oculares (comprimento axial, comprimento do segmento anterior, poder médio da córnea, profundidade da câmara vítrea e poder refrativo equivalente com o erro refrativo total do olho portador da menor e da maior ametropia em anisométropes. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um "survey" analítico conduzido em população de 68 anisométropes de duas ou mais dioptrias atendida no Ambulatório da Clinica Oftalmológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo Os anisométropes foram submetidos à refração estática objetiva e subjetiva, ceratometria e biometria ultra-sônica. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores dos componentes oculares medidos dos olhos portadores da menor e da maior ametropia. Os olhos portadores da menor ametropia apresentaram as mesmas correlações significantes observadas em olhos emétropes, ou seja, correlação da refração com comprimento do segmento anterior e comprimento axial, e correlação do comprimento axial com poder corneano e profundidade da câmara vítrea. Os olhos portadores da maior ametropia apresentaram correlação significante da refração com o comprimento axial e do comprimento axial com a profundidade da câmara vítrea. Ainda em ambos os olhos observou-se correlação significante do poder do cristalino com a profundidade da câmara anterior. CONCLUSÃO: Os olhos portadores da menor ametropia desenvolveram as correlações mais freqüentemente observadas nos olhos emétropes. Os olhos portadores da maior ametropia não desenvolveram as mesmas correlações dos emétropes.PURPOSE: To asses the correlation between ocular components (axial length, anterior segment length, corneal power, vitreous length and equivalent power of the eye and refractive error in eyes with higher and lower ametropia of subjects with anisometropia. METHODS: An analytical survey was carried out in 68 patients

  9. Epidemiologia da alergia ocular e comorbidades em adolescentes

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    Marcos Geraldini

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A prevalência de conjuntivite alérgica (CA não foi estabelecida. Estimativas sugerem que alergias oculares afetam de 15 a 20% da população mundial, ainda que a maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos abranjam sintomas de alergia nasal e ocular e não sejam específicos a respeito da CA. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de sintomas, comorbidades e o impacto da alergia ocular em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Os adolescentes foram selecionados de uma amostra de escolas e preencheram, em sala de aula, um questionário previamente validado sobre os sintomas da CA. O seu diagnóstico foi considerado quando mais de três episódios de prurido ocular foram relatados nos últimos 12 meses. Sintomas relacionados, como lacrimejamento, fotofobia, sensação de corpo estranho, impacto sobre as atividades diárias e diagnóstico de conjuntivite alérgica, foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos questionários de 3.120 adolescentes (média de 13,3±1,1 ano. Nos últimos 12 meses, 1.592 (51% adolescentes tiveram prurido ocular. O sintoma relacionado mais frequente foi lacrimejamento (74%, seguido de fotofobia (50,1% e sensação de corpo estranho (37,1%. A prevalência de conjuntivite alérgica foi de 20,7%, afetando mais pessoas do sexo feminino do que do masculino (56,1% em comparação a 45,9%; p = 0,01. O risco de um adolescente com alergia ocular apresentar asma, rinite e eczema atópico foi (RC = 5,7; IC de 95%: 4,5 a 7,1; (RC = 3,6; IC de 95%: 3,0 a 4,3 e (RC = 2,6; IC de 95%: 2,0 a 3,5, respectivamente. Uma interferência grave nas atividades diárias foi relatada por 30,5%. CONCLUSÕES: Sintomas de alergia ocular são comuns, frequentemente relacionados a outras doenças alérgicas, e causam impacto sobre as atividades diárias de adolescentes.

  10. Achados oculares em pacientes com mielomeningocele: 72 casos Ocular findings in 72 patients with meningomyelocele

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    Mônica Fialho Cronemberger

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Estudar as alterações oculares em pacientes com mielomeningocele. Material e Método: Realizado estudo retrospectivo em 72 pacientes com mielomeningocele, descrevendo as alterações oculares presentes nessa população, além de correlacionar com a presença ou não de hidrocefalia. Resultados: Dos 72 pacientes com mielomeningocele, com idade variando de 5 meses a 18 anos, 64 (88,9% pacientes tinham hidrocefalia. Destes 64 pacientes, 36 (56,3% tinham estrabismo, sendo que 21 (58,3% eram endotrópicos, 13 (36,1% exotrópicos, 1 (2,8% exofórico e 1 (2,8% com estrabismo discinético. Do total dos 72 pacientes estudados 38 (52,8% eram estrábicos. A anisotropia foi encontrada em 16 (22,2% pacientes, sendo que em 14 (87,5% em A e em 2 (12,5% em V. Todos os 16 pacientes com anisotropia apresentavam hidrocefalia. O erro refrativo mais freqüente foi a hipermetropia encontrada em 64 (44,4% olhos. Atrofia óptica foi encontrada em 9 (12,5% pacientes. Conclusão: A mielomeningocele, associada a hidrocefalia, apresenta uma porcentagem de estrabismo maior do que o encontrado na população normal.Purpose: To study ocular findings in patients with meningomyelocele. Methods: A retrospective study of 72 patients with myelomeningocele was performed to evaluate ocular motility disorders, refractive errors and indirect ophthalmoscopy findings. Results: In a group of 72 patients with myelomeningocele, aged 5 month -- 18 years, 64 (88.9% had hydrocephalus. Of this group of 64 patients, 36 (56.3% had strabismus, 21 (58.3% of whom were esotropic, and 13 (36.1% exotropic, 1 (2.8% exophoric and 1 (2.8% presented sometimes esotropia and sometimes exotropia. Of the total of 72 studied patients, 38 (52.8% had strabismus. Anisotropia was found in 16 (22.2% patients, 14 (87.5% with an A pattern and 2 (12.5% with a V pattern. The most frequent refractive error was hyperopia, found in 64 (44.4% eyes. All the 16 patients with anisotropia had hydrocephalus

  11. Cuidar em oncologia na perspectiva de Alfred Schütz Cuidado en oncología segundo Alfred Schütz Oncological care according Alfred Schütz

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    Regina Célia Popim

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available O estudo foi realizado com enfermeiros oncológicos em seu cotidiano de trabalho. O objetivo foi compreender a ação subjetiva desses profissionais a partir de sua relação enfermeiro-doente. O referencial fenomenológico, fundamentado nas idéias de Alfred Schütz, possibilitou essa compreensão. Diante de uma questão orientadora: o que significa para você cuidar em oncologia? descreva para mim, foram obtidos depoimentos, os quais, depois de analisados, permitiram chegar ao típico da ação do cuidador enfermeiro neste cotidiano. O estudo revelou que cuidar em oncologia implica em lidar com o humano em situação de fragilidade; requer uma relação de afetividade; é um cuidado que traz consigo a gênese do desgaste profissional. O cuidado em oncologia reveste-se de grande complexidade, requerendo do profissional uma competência que vai para além da esfera técnico-científica. Nesse sentido, o enfermeiro necessita buscar por estratégias que lhe possibilitem o enfrentamento do desgaste a que é submetido em seu trabalho.El estudio fue realizado con enfermeros oncológicos en su cotidiano de trabajo. El objetivo fue comprender la acción subjetiva de esos profesionales desde la relación enfermero-enfermo. El referencial fenomenológico, fundamentado en las ideas de Alfred Schütz, posibilitó esa comprensión. Delante de una cuestión orientadora: ¿qué significa para usted el cuidado en oncología? Descríbame, se obtuvo declaraciones que, tras análisis, permitieron llegar a lo que es típico en la acción cotidiana del cuidador enfermero. El estudio reveló que cuidar en oncología implica tratar con el ser humano en situación de fragilidad; requiere una relación de afectividad; es un cuidado que trae consigo la génesis del desgaste profesional. El cuidado en oncología se reviste de gran complejidad y requiere del profesional una competencia que va más allá de la esfera técnico-científica. En ese sentido, el enfermero

  12. Microbiota conjuntival em pacientes com alergia ocular Conjunctival microbiota in patients with ocular allergy

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    Alexandre Mattoso Libório

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença de microbiota aeróbia da conjuntiva de portadores de alergia ocular e comparar a um grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 133 pacientes no período de abril a junho de 2001 divididos em 2 grupos. O grupo A foi composto de 63 portadores de conjuntivite alérgica (sem uso de medicação e o grupo B de 70 pacientes do ambulatório geral (controle. Foram coletadas amostras do fundo de saco conjuntival do olho direito de todos os pacientes e o material foi semeado em meios sólidos de cultura (ágar sangue, chocolate e Sabouraud. RESULTADOS: No grupo A, 30 culturas (47,7% foram positivas e no grupo B, 6 (8,6%. Sete bactérias foram isoladas no grupo A e 4 no B. A análise estatística revelou associação significante entre a positividade dos cultivos e conjuntivite alérgica. CONCLUSÃO: Microbiota bacteriana foi mais freqüentemente encontrada nos pacientes com alergia ocular.PURPOSE: To evaluate de presence of conjunctival aerobic microbiota in patients with ocular allergy as compared to a control group. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three patients were evaluated from April to June 2001 and divided into 2 groups. Sixty-three patients with allergic conjunctivitis (without medication were in group A and 70 patients from the general outpatient clinic were in group B (control group. Samples from the conjunctival sac of the right eye were collected and cultured in solid media (blood, chocolate and Sabouraud agar. RESULTS: In group A, 30 cultures (47.7% were positive and 6 (8.6% in group B. Seven bacteria were isolated from group A and 4 from group B. Statistical analysis revealed significant association between positive cultures and allergic conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: Bacterial microbiota was more frequently found in patients with ocular allergy.

  13. Anomalias oculares em pacientes portadores de deficiência auditiva genética Ocular abnormalities in genetically deaf people

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    Jane Chen

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: Para se verificar a prevalência de anomalias oculares em indivíduos portadores de deficiência auditiva de causa genética definitiva ou suspeita, este trabalho apresenta a avaliação oftalmológica de 97 indivíduos portadores de deficiência auditiva. Pacientes e Métodos: 97 indivíduos com diagnóstico definitivo ou suspeito de causa genética para disacusia foram submetidos a exame clínico oftalmológico completo; destes, 10 foram excluídos. Resultados: 42 (48,28% dos pacientes apresentaram uma ou mais anomalias oculares, 22 (25,29% pacientes apresentaram várias anormalidades oculares e quadro clínico compatíveis com síndromes genéticas estabelecidas. Conclusões: O exame oftalmológico é importante no diagnóstico sindrômico e etiológico de alguns quadros de disacusia, pois as alterações oculares podem ser a única anomalia associada à mesma.Purpose: In order to verify the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in patients who are deaf due to genetic causes, this paper presents the visual assessment of 97 deaf patients. Methods: 97 patients with definite or suspected diagno- sis of congenital and genetic deafness underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation; 10 patients were excluded. Results: 42 (48.28% patients presented one or more ocular abnormalities, 22 (25.29% patients presented several abnormalities and clinical manifestations of established genetic diseases. Conclusions: The ocular abnormalities may be the only clinical manifestations associated with deafness. Therefore the ophthalmological examination is a helpful tool for the etiological diagnosis of deafness.

  14. Coloboma ocular: alterações oculares e sistêmicas associadas

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    Tzelikis Patrick Frensel de Moraes

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar com a literatura o perfil dos pacientes portadores de colobomas oculares, bem como verificar a acuidade visual, alterações oculares associadas e alterações sistêmicas apresentadas pelos mesmos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 18 pacientes com diagnóstico de coloboma ocular matriculados no serviço de Visão Subnormal do Hospital São Geraldo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HSG - HCUFMG. Foram avaliados: sexo, idade, raça, história familiar de anomalias oculares, história gestacional, tipo de coloboma, localização, bilateralidade, presença de microftalmia ou anoftalmia, alterações oculares concomitantes, e associação com doenças sistêmicas e acuidade visual. RESULTADO: Dez (55,6% pacientes eram do sexo feminino, 15 (83,3% eram leucodérmicos. A idade variou de 4 a 57 anos, com média de 9,5 anos. Apenas 3 (16,7% apresentavam história familiar para coloboma. Todos apresentavam história gestacional negativa para qualquer intercorrência. Houve acometimento bilateral em 100% dos casos, com microftalmia presente em 6 (33,3% casos. O coloboma foi típico em 14 (77,8% pacientes, sendo o coloboma mais comum o retinocoroidal ocorrendo em 16 (88,9% pacientes. 50% dos pacientes apresentavam o coloboma como achado isolado, e a outra metade associado a alguma doença sistêmica. Em 14 (77,8% pacientes foi encontrado algum tipo de alteração ocular além do coloboma. CONCLUSÃO: O exame oftalmológico completo é muito importante tanto no diagnóstico quanto no prognóstico de pacientes com coloboma, visto que este pode estar associado a uma baixa visual importante, além de poder estar relacionados a diferentes anomalias ou síndromes.

  15. Sob a espada de Dâmocles: a prática de Psicólogas em Oncologia Pediátrica em Recife-Pe

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    Sílvia Raquel Santos de Morais

    Full Text Available A prática de psicólogos em oncologia pediátrica envolve demandas ligadas ao processo de adoecimento e suas implicações psicossociais, e, não raro, iminência de morte e/ou até chances de cura. Assim, tal pesquisa objetivou compreender a prática desses profissionais no Município de Recife- PE. A metodologia foi qualitativa de inspiração fenomenológica, ancorada na ontologia heideggeriana. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevistas, grupo focal e diálogos com nove participantes, além das anotações de campo. As narrativas foram transcritas na íntegra, literalizadas (Schmidt, 1990 e interpretadas mediante a analítica do sentido (Critelli, 2007. A prática caracterizou-se pela coexistência dos seguintes aspectos: longo período de convivência de pacientes e familiares, envolvimento afetivo e proximidade entre profissionais de saúde, familiares e crianças, além da intensidade no que diz respeito aos vínculos estabelecidos. Tais dimensões repercutem nos modos-de-ser e de estar-no-mundo das participantes, fazendo a prática transitar por entre as dimensões ôntica e ontológica do cuidado. Com o tempo, a prática tende a ancorar-se nas experiências de coexistência. Exercício ético de acolhimento à alteridade, impossibilidade de controle dos acontecimentos, além da iminência de morte, perpassam tal prática, levando os profissionais a romper ações isoladas, a redimensionar o saber-fazer e a reinventar modos interventivos por meio da experimentação cotidiana.

  16. Percepção de autoinstilação de gotas oculares em idosos com ou sem dispositivo de apoio facial

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    Arlindo Jose Freire Portes

    Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o grau de dificuldade para instilação tópica ocular em idosos, com ou sem o auxílio de dispositivo de apoio facial, por meio de questionário. Observar qual método foi tecnicamente melhor para aplicação tópica ocular de gotas. Métodos: O estudo foi um ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado e pareado, realizado em 50 pacientes idosos de setembro de 2015 a junho de 2016 na Policlínica Ronaldo Gazolla, Lapa-Rio de Janeiro. Um frasco de colírio Optive® foi acoplado ao dispositivo de apoio facial denominado Eyedrop®. Cada participante instilou o colírio com ou sem o auxílio do dispositivo em cada um dos olhos, sendo que a seleção ocular foi feita aleatoriamente. Foi perguntado ao paciente questões pré-formuladas sobre a dificuldade de ambos os métodos e a técnica de administração tópica ocular foi avaliada. Resultados: A instilação de gotas foi considerada difícil ou muito difícil por 10% dos idosos com o auxílio do dispositivo e por 36% sem o auxílio (p = 0,0047. Houve toque da ponta do colírio com os tecidos oculares em 64% dos pacientes que não usaram o Eyedrop® e em 4% dos que o utilizaram (p=0,000001. A maior dificuldade descrita na instilação tradicional foi acertar o olho com a gota (32% e com o dispositivo de apoio foi entender seu uso(4%. Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos instila colírios erroneamente, tocando a ponta do frasco em tecidos oculares, o que favorece sua contaminação. O dispositivo de apoio facial tornou mais segura e fácil a instilação.

  17. Ensino de oncologia na formação do enfermeiro Enseñanza de oncología en la formación del enfermero Teaching of oncology in nurse's education

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    Ana Maria Calil

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um artigo reflexivo acerca da necessidade de introdução da disciplina de oncologia nas Escolas de Graduação em Enfermagem em nosso meio. Tem como objetivos pensar a disciplina de oncologia no currículo de graduação em enfermagem, pontuando aspectos relevantes de sua inserção, considerando a capacitação e qualificação profissional, a necessidade do mercado de trabalho, o perfil epidemiológico brasileiro e uma formação reflexiva e crítica acerca das competências profissionais do enfermeiro. Pontua-se também o papel do desenvolvimento tecnológico contribuindo nessa formação e educação de novos profissionais de saúde.Tratamos de un artículo reflexivo sobre la necesidad de introducción de la disciplina de oncologia en las Escuelas de Graduación en Enfermería de nuestro medio. Tiene como objetivos pensar en la disciplina en el currículo de graduación en enfermería, puntuando aspectos importantes de su inserción. Para tanto, considera la capacitación y calificación profesional, la necesidad del mercado de trabajo, el perfil epidemiológico brasileño y una formación reflexiva y crítica sobre las competencias profesionales del enfermero. También es puntuado el papel del desarrollo tecnológico contribuyendo en esa formación y educación de nuevos profesionales de la salud.The aim of the present study was to think the Oncology Course in the baccalaureate nursing curriculum pointing relevant issues about its introduction, considering professional training and qualification, labor market demand and a critical reflection about nurse's professional competences. Score is also the role of technology in helping training and education of new health professionals.

  18. Antifúngicos em infecções oculares: drogas e vias de administração

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    Guilherme Gubert Müller

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available O tratamento das infecções oculares por fungos representa um desafio à prática oftalmológica. Para obtermos resposta terapêutica adequada, além do uso da droga correta, é necessária a administração desta de forma eficaz. Este manuscrito reúne informações a respeito das principais drogas antifúngicas utilizadas em infecções oculares, suas concentrações e principais vias de administração.

  19. Potencial evocado miogênico vestibular ocular e cervical simultâneo em indivíduos normais

    OpenAIRE

    Silva,Tatiana Rocha; Resende,Luciana Macedo de; Santos,Marco Aurélio Rocha

    2016-01-01

    RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar o registro e analisar os resultados do potencial evocado miogênico vestibular cervical e ocular combinado em indivíduos sem queixas auditivas e vestibulares. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 30 indivíduos sem queixa auditiva e com audição dentro dos padrões de normalidade. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do potencial evocado miogênico vestibular cervical e ocular registrados simultaneamente. Resultados: Houve diferença entre as orelhas direita e esq...

  20. O ensino de oncologia na formação do enfermeiro La enseñanza de oncología en la formación del enfermero The teaching of oncology in nurse's education

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    Ana Maria Calil

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um artigo reflexivo acerca da necessidade de introdução da disciplina de oncologia nas Escolas de Graduação em Enfermagem em nosso meio. Tem como objetivos pensar a disciplina de oncologia no currículo de graduação em enfermagem, pontuando aspectos relevantes de sua inserção, considerando a capacitação e qualificação profissional, a necessidade do mercado de trabalho, o perfil epidemiológico brasileiro e uma formação reflexiva e crítica acerca das competências profissionais do enfermeiro. Pontua-se também o papel do desenvolvimento tecnológico contribuindo nessa formação e educação de novos profissionais de saúde.Tratamos de un artículo reflexivo sobre la necesidad de introducción de la disciplina de oncologia en las Escuelas de Graduación en Enfermería de nuestro medio. Tiene como objetivos pensar en la disciplina en el currículo de graduación en enfermería, puntuando aspectos importantes de su inserción. Para tanto, considera la capacitación y calificación profesional, la necesidad del mercado de trabajo, el perfil epidemiológico brasileño y una formación reflexiva y crítica sobre las competencias profesionales del enfermero. También es puntuado el papel del desarrollo tecnológico contribuyendo en esa formación y educación de nuevos profesionales de la salud.The aim of the present study was to think the Oncology Course in the baccalaureate nursing curriculum pointing relevant issues about its introduction, considering professional training and qualification, labor market demand and a critical reflection about nurse's professional competences. Score is also the role of technology in helping training and education of new health professionals.

  1. Termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular como indicador de estresse em suínos na fase de creche

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    Lina Fernanda Pulido-Rodríguez

    Full Text Available RESUMO: Desmama é uma fase crítica na vida do suíno devido a separação materna e a introdução de uma dieta seca. A termografia infravermelha medida na região ocular se mostra como um indicador confiável para a condição de estresse pontual de suínos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a relação entre medidas de termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular e de cortisol em situações de estresse em leitões na pós desmama. Foram avaliados 66 leitões, uma vez por semana, durante sete semanas, em dois períodos do dia (7h e 15h com medidas de temperatura superficial ocular, temperatura superficial do dorso e amostras de saliva para determinação de cortisol salivar. A análise estatística contemplou os efeitos fixos de semana e período do dia e sua interação e correlações de Pearson para relação entre termografia ocular, temperatura superficial e cortisol a 5% de significância. Cortisol salivar não diferiu entre os períodos, mas foi superior nas três primeiras semanas após o desmame (P<0,05. Nas duas primeiras semanas após a desmama o cortisol apresentou correlação alta e positiva (P<0,05 com a temperatura ocular máxima (0,89 e a temperatura superficial do dorso (0,80. As duas temperaturas superficiais apresentaram uma associação moderada positiva (r=0,41; P<0,0001 durante todo o período experimental. Este estudo destaca que a temperatura de superfície ocular obtida por meio da termografia infravermelha pode ser um indicador de temperatura de superfície corporal e estado de bem-estar de leitões em fase de creche, além de ser um método não invasivo e de rápida mensuração. Entretanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para aprofundar a relação entre temperatura ocular e cortisol durante estresse crônico.

  2. Achados oculares em crianças com toxoplasmose congênita

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    Janer Aparecida Silveira Soares

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conhecer as lesões oculares mais frequentes encontradas em crianças expostas à toxoplasmose congênita. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, a partir de uma coorte histórica, de abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliadas crianças encaminhadas de um serviço de infectologia pediátrica e inseridas apenas aquelas com diagnóstico confirmado de toxoplasmose congênita. A avaliação oftalmológica incluiu o mapeamento de retina sequencial, sob dilatação pupilar. RESULTADOS: Das 58 crianças presumivelmente expostas ao risco de doença durante a gestação, 20 apresentaram lesões oftalmológicas ao longo do primeiro ano de vida (34 olhos. Destas, 12 estavam assintomáticas ao nascimento. Estrabismo foi registrado em 14 crianças (70%. Em uma criança observou-se ptose palpebral e em outra diminuição da fenda palpebral (microftalmia. Retinocoroidite foi a complicação mais frequente, presente em todas as 20 crianças. Sete crianças apresentaram alterações unilaterais (35% e 13 crianças apresentaram alterações bilaterais (65%, prevalecendo a localização no polo posterior e mácula. CONCLUSÃO: Retinocoroidite e estrabismo destacaram-se como importantes sequelas da toxoplasmose congênita.

  3. Análise da distribuição espacial de dose absorvida em próton terapia ocular Spatial distribution analysis of absorbed dose in ocular proton radiation therapy

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    Marília Tavares Christóvão

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Propõe-se avaliar os perfis de dose em profundidade e as distribuições espaciais de dose para protocolos de radioterapia ocular por prótons, a partir de simulações computacionais em código nuclear e modelo de olho discretizado em voxels. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As ferramentas computacionais empregadas foram o código Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking Toolkit e o SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia. O Geant4 é um pacote de software livre, utilizado para simular a passagem de partículas nucleares com carga elétrica através da matéria, pelo método de Monte Carlo. Foram executadas simulações computacionais reprodutivas de radioterapia por próton baseada em instalações pré-existentes. RESULTADOS: Os dados das simulações foram integrados ao modelo de olho através do código SISCODES, para geração das distribuições espaciais de doses. Perfis de dose em profundidade reproduzindo o pico de Bragg puro e modulado são apresentados. Importantes aspectos do planejamento radioterápico com prótons são abordados, como material absorvedor, modulação, dimensões do colimador, energia incidente do próton e produção de isodoses. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a terapia por prótons, quando adequadamente modulada e direcionada, pode reproduzir condições ideais de deposição de dose em neoplasias oculares.OBJECTIVE: The present study proposes the evaluation of the depth-dose profiles and the spatial distribution of radiation dose for ocular proton beam radiotherapy protocols, based on computer simulations in nuclear codes and an eye model discretized into voxels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The employed computational tools were Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking Toolkit and SISCODES (Sistema Computacional para Dosimetria em Radioterapia - Computer System for Dosimetry in Radiotherapy. Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through the matter, based on Monte Carlo method. Computer simulations

  4. Ocular toxoplasmosis with positive polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood: report of two cases, São Paulo State, Brazil = Toxoplasmose ocular com reação em cadeia da polimerase positiva em sangue periférico: relato de dois casos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

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    Barbosa, Amanda Pires

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Descrever o uso da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR no sangue periférico e demonstrar sua importância no acompanhamento clínico de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. Descrição dos casos: Dois pacientes imunocompetentes foram clinicamente diagnosticados com toxoplasmose ocular aguda. Rotineiramente, a avaliação clínica foi feita por fundoscopia com o uso de oftalmoscópio binocular indireto, retinografia colorida, angiografia fluorescente e tomografia de coerência óptica espectral. A sorologia foi realizada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA e confirmada por ensaio imunoenzimático fluorescente ELFA (IgG, IgM. O diagnóstico molecular foi realizado por PCR em sangue periférico usando o gene B1 de Toxoplasma gondii como marcador. O paciente mais jovem era do sexo masculino, apresentava lesão prévia no olho direito, queixa de baixa acuidade visual no olho esquerdo e estava sob tratamento. O paciente mais velho era do sexo masculino, apresentava descolamento de retina e súbita diminuição de visão no olho direito. A fundoscopia revelou cicatriz coriorretiniana no olho esquerdo. Ambos os pacientes tinham IgG reagente, IgM não reagente e PCR positivo em sangue periférico. Novas amostras de sangue foram coletadas para monitoramento sorológico e molecular e a PCR permaneceu positiva em ambos os casos. Seis semanas após o início do tratamento com sulfadiazina e pirimetamina oral, os resultados do PCR tornaram-se negativos. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que antígenos de T. gondii podem ser encontrados em sangue periférico durante as reativações oculares e que a PCR parece ser uma boa ferramenta para o acompanhamento de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular

  5. Manifestações bucais em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia

    OpenAIRE

    Hespanhol,Fernando Luiz; Tinoco,Eduardo Muniz Barretto; Teixeira,Henrique Guilherme de Castro; Falabella,Márcio Eduardo Vieira; Assis,Neuza Maria de Souza Picorelli

    2010-01-01

    Em decorrência da quimioterapia, alterações na cavidade oral podem ser observadas e levar a complicações sistêmicas importantes, podendo aumentar o tempo de internação hospitalar, os custos do tratamento e afetar diretamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa em um hospital de oncologia da cidade de Juiz de Fora (MG), sendo realizado através de coleta de dados nos prontuários de pacientes que estiveram em tratamento oncológico, onde foram...

  6. Entre a teoria parasitária e a oncologia experimental: uma proposta de sistematização da ciência oncológica em Portugal, 1889-1945 Between parasitic theory and experimental oncology: a proposal for systematizing oncological science in Portugal, 1889-1945

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    Rui Manuel Pinto Costa

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Focaliza a produção de investigação biomédica sobre o estudo do câncer em Portugal entre 1889 e 1945. Recuperando os principais trabalhos realizados entre finais do século XIX e a primeira metade do XX, foi possível trazer a lume e delimitar um campo de ação científica ainda pouco estudado. Desde a introdução e consolidação dos princípios que definiram a oncologia experimental, detectam-se fases distintas de produção científica, oscilando entre a comprovação de teorias dominantes e a aplicação de métodos de criação artificial da doença. Propõe-se breve sistematização da orientação dos estudos dedicados à oncologia, organizados em patamares de investigação predominantes.This article deals with the bio-medical investigation of cancer studies in Portugal between 1889 and 1945. By examining the main works produced between the end of the nineteenth century and the middle of the twentieth century, it has been possible to illuminate and define a field of scientific endeavour which has been the scope of little study to date. Starting from the introduction and consolidation of the defining principles of experimental oncology, distinct phases can be discerned in the production of scientific material, alternating between support for the dominant theories and the application of methods for artificially creating the disease. In accordance with the principal phases of investigation, a brief systematic overview of the scope of these oncological studies is presented.

  7. Achados oculares em pacientes com mais de 99 anos Ocular findings in patients older than 99 years

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    Marcela Colussi Cypel

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar as condições visuais e oculares em indivíduos com mais de 99 anos. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo e descritivo de série casos. Trinta idosos com mais de 99 anos se inscreveram no Instituto da Visão da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, de forma voluntária, respondendo à busca ativa. O exame oftalmológico constou de anamnese, ectoscopia, acuidade visual, exame refracional, citologia e cultura de cílios e conjuntiva com antibiograma, teste de Schirmer basal, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, coloração com Rosa Bengala da conjuntiva e córnea, exame de biomicroscopia, tonometria de aplanação e fundoscopia direta e indireta. Foram realizados exames complementares, como retinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica, quando indicados. RESULTADOS: Trinta pacientes acima de 99 anos (média de 101,5±1,8 anos, dos quais, 25 mulheres e 5 homens, foram examinados; destes, 10 não tinham condições de exame completo, em razão de limitações de saúde e mobilidade. A doença sistêmica mais encontrada foi hipertensão arterial (8 pacientes = 40%. Cinco pacientes (25% negaram qualquer doença ou uso de medicação. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida para longe foi de 20/100 ou melhor em 11 pacientes (55% e para perto variou de J4 ou melhor também em 11 pacientes (55%, sendo que sete destes idosos (63% não haviam sido submetidos à cirurgia de catarata. A principal queixa foi dificuldade para leitura em 55% e 40% demonstrou estar satisfeito com a sua visão. A melhora da acuidade com prescrição de óculos novos ocorreu em 4 casos (20%. Catarata foi identificada como comprometendo a visão de forma significativa em 5 casos (25%; porém, apenas 2 concordaram com a cirurgia. A principal causa de baixa visão foi a degeneração macular relacionada à idade, presente em todos os casos; na maioria da vezes (95%, na forma seca. CONCLUSÃO: As necessidades da população nessa faixa etária devem ser entendidas para o

  8. Epidemiological findings of ocular trauma in childhood Achados epidemiológicos do trauma ocular na infância

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    Angelino Julio Cariello

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To describe epidemiological findings of ocular trauma in childhood in an emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out including patients under 16 years old who were treated for ocular trauma at the emergency unit of the Federal University of São Paulo from September 2001 to September 2004. Age, sex, involved eye, place, circumstance and mechanism of injury, initial visual acuity and immediate management were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 273 patients were included in the study. The age group comprising most cases was 7 to 10 years (39.9%. The most frequent cause of ocular injury was traumatism by external agents like stone, iron and wood objects (27.9%. The commonest place was the home (53.1%. Initial visual acuity was over 20/40 in 63.4% of cases. Closed globe injury occurred in 201 (73.6% accidents. Seventy-six children (27. 8% were treated with medicines and in forty-eight (17.6% cases surgery was necessary. CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma in childhood was more frequent in the male schoolchild and was due mostly to traumatism with agents like stone, wood and iron pieces, domestic utensils and leisure objects. The injuries occurred most frequently at home. Closed globe injuries predominated. Programs of education and prevention for ocular trauma in childhood are necessary.OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados epidemiológicos do trauma ocular na infância em uma unidade de emergência. MÉTODOS: Em estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados prontuários de pacientes menores que 16 anos que foram atendidos por trauma ocular no Pronto-Socorro de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo de setembro de 2001 a setembro de 2004. Foram coletadas informações a respeito da idade, sexo, olho envolvido, local, circunstância e mecanismo do trauma, acuidade visual inicial e conduta imediata. RESULTADOS: Um total de 273 pacientes foi incluído no estudo. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi a de 7 a 10 anos (39,9%. A causa

  9. Resultados da troca de lente intra-ocular de hidrogel opacificada

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    Salera Cristina Moreira

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da explantação e substituição das lentes intra-oculares (LIO de hidrogel opacificadas. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 12 pacientes (15 olhos submetidos à explantação e substituição das lentes intra-oculares de hidrogel opacificadas. RESULTADOS: A opacificação das lentes intra-oculares de hidrogel causou perdas de linhas de visão em 13 olhos (86,7%. A troca das lentes intra-oculares opacificadas promoveu o ganho de linhas de visão em 11 olhos (73,3%. As complicações peroperatórias ocorreram em três olhos (20% e foram as seguintes: perda de óleo de silicone, ruptura total de zônula com perda do saco capsular e ruptura parcial de zônula. Durante a explantação das lentes intra-oculares foi necessária a realização de incisões relaxantes na borda da capsulorrexe anterior em três olhos (20% e em dois olhos (13,3% os hápticos foram cortados sendo retirada somente a zona óptica das lentes intra-oculares. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia para explantação e substituição das lentes intra-oculares opacificadas mostrou-se eficaz naqueles pacientes com perdas de linhas de visão (p > 0,05.

  10. Prevalência de manifestações oculares em 198 pacientes com artrite reumatóide: um estudo retrospectivo Prevalence of ocular manifestation in 198 patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a restrospective study

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    Raphael Guimarães Bettero

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de manifestações oculares na população local de artrite reumatóide (AR. Estimar se a presença de auto-anticorpos como fator reumatóide (FR e fator antinuclear (FAN influi no aparecimento destas manifestações e se existe associação entre o aparecimento de manifestações oculares e índice funcional do paciente, idade ao diagnóstico e tempo de doença. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 198 prontuários de pacientes com AR, acompanhados durante o período de 2003 a 2006. Avaliou-se a prevalência das manifestações oftalmológicas, perfil de auto-anticorpos, dados demográficos e índice funcional de Steinbrock destes pacientes. RESULTADOS: Síndrome de Sjögren secundária apareceu em 12,1% dos pacientes sendo mais comum em mulheres (p=0,049 e em pacientes com maior dano articular (p=0,016. Ceratite ulcerativa e esclerite incidiram em torno de 2% dos pacientes. Fator reumatóide (FR e fator antinuclear (FAN assim como tempo de doença e idade do paciente ao diagnóstico não influíram no aparecimento das manifestações estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: A síndrome de Sjögren secundária é a manifestação ocular mais prevalente em pacientes com AR, sendo mais comum em mulheres e em pacientes com mais disfunção articular.PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of eye manifestations in the local rheumatoid arthritis (RA population, as well as to know if the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF and antinuclear antibodies (ANA affect this profile. To study if there is association between eye manifestations and patient's articular functional index, age at diagnosis and illness duration. METHODS: We reviewed 198 charts of rheumatoid arthritis patients followed-up from 2003 to 2006. They were studied for: prevalence of ophthalmologic manifestations, autoantibody profile, demographic data and Steinbrock's functional index. RESULTS: Secondary Sjögren's syndrome was seen in 12.1% of the patients being more common

  11. Cinco Pilares da Oncologia Moderna Bem Ilustrados neste Número da Gazeta Médica Dedicado a Cancro

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    Sofia Azambuja Braga

    2017-09-01

    Coordenadora Científica do Instituto CUF Oncologia 1. Moten A, Schafer D, Farmer P, Kim J, Ferrari M. Redefining global health priorities: Improving cancer care in developing settings. J Glob Health. 2014;4:010304.

  12. Toxoplasmose ocular em cães jovens inoculados com Toxoplasma gondii Ocular toxoplasmosis in young dogs inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii

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    Cláudia Bonini de Abreu

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available A toxoplasmose é uma doença zoonótica de distribuição mundial que pode infectar uma grande variedade de espécies animais e o homem. No presente trabalho, foram avaliados nove cães jovens inoculados experimentalmente com três cepas diferentes de T. gondii em que se observaram através de microscopia direta e indireta, alterações oftálmicas em sete deles, confirmadas através de retinografia e histopatologia. Com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que as alterações oftálmicas na toxoplasmose adquirida nos cães apareceram já ao término da terceira semana pós-inoculação, mostrando a precocidade das alterações. No exame direto do olho, sete cães apresentaram áreas de hiperrefletividade. Alterações como papiledema, exsudato peripapilar e diminuição da pigmentação do tapetum foram observadas em três cães submetidos à retinografia. O exame histopatológico revelou a presença de discreto infiltrado mononuclear na córnea na região subepitelial em estroma conjuntivo em nível do ângulo da íris, congestão vascular da coróide e edema sub-retiniano em oito cães. Nossos resultados permitem concluir que a toxoplasmose ocular adquirida nos cães é tão significativa quanto na espécie humana. Assim, estudos devem ser aprofundados nesta linha de pesquisa para reforçar os achados.Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that can infect a great variety of animal species and man. In the present study nine young dogs inoculated with three different samples of Toxoplasma gondii were evaluated. Seven of them showed ophthalmic alterations by means of direct and indirect microscopy, photomicrograph and histopathology. From the results obtained it was noted that ophthalmic alterations were already present at the end of the third week after inoculation, showing the precocity of such alterations. In the direct examination of the eyes, seven dogs presented increased reflective areas. Alterations such as

  13. Aspectos psicológicos em usuários de prótese ocular Psychological aspects in ocular prosthesis users

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    Nara Lúcia Poli Botelho

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos psicológicos decorrentes da anoftalmia unilateral adquirida, a luta pela recuperação estética com o uso de prótese ocular, assim como os fatores interpessoais envolvidos e a reintegração psicossocial destes pacientes. MÉTODO: Trinta pacientes portadores de anoftalmia unilateral adquirida, sem outras deformidades órbito-palpebrais e usuários de prótese ocular, sendo 16 do sexo masculino e 14 feminino, com idade variando de 12 a 66 anos, idade média 31,6 anos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico e avaliação psicológica, por meio de questionário padronizado e semidirigido de 66 questões, com duração média de 2 horas no período de janeiro/2000 a março/2001. RESULTADOS: A maior incidência de anoftalmia adquirida (47% está na faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos. Setenta por cento dos pacientes estão em processo de elaboração da perda (n=21 e os mecanismos de defesa mais utilizados em face da situação instalada foram racionalização, repressão, negação e deslocamento. Trinta por cento aceitam a realidade atual. Após o evento desencadeador (ED 37% manifestaram estado depressivo, tendo desaparecido os sintomas em 64% deles. Sessenta por cento adaptaram a prótese ocular (PO logo após o tratamento cirúrgico ao passo que 40% adaptaram-na 2 ou mais anos após o ED. Esteticamente 70% estão satisfeitos ao passo que 30% estão insatisfeitos. Cinqüenta e três por cento revelam auto-estima rebaixada e 37% auto-imagem distorcida. CONCLUSÃO: A integração entre os vários elementos da equipe multidisciplinar constituída por cirurgiões, protéticos, psicólogos e o apoio da família é fundamental durante todo o processo de luto instalado pela perda. Atitude positiva para com a pessoa acometida facilita a vivência da perda em sua totalidade, o que proporcionará a reestruturação dos aspectos interpessoais e reintegração psicossocial da pessoa, pois os recursos de enfrentamento delas estar

  14. Miopatia ocular descendente

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    Nunjo Finkel

    1972-06-01

    Full Text Available São relatados 4 casos de miopatia ocular descendente (MOD com história familial levantada em três gerações. Biópsia musculares e eletromiografia em um caso confirmaram o caráter miogênico da doença. A MOD nada mais seria do que uma forma clínica especial de distrofia muscular, de início tardio.

  15. Manifestações oculares do paciente infectado pelo HIV atendido no Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo Ocular manifestations of the HIV infected Patients at the Ophthalmology Department of São Paulo Federal University

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    K. T. F. Matos

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar as manifestações oculares do paciente HIV positivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: É um estudo retrospectivo em 1100 pacientes ambulatoriais HIV positivo em três anos com ficha padrão e exame oftalmológico completo, atendidos no Departamento de Oftalmologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina. RESULTADOS: Dos 1100 pacientes, 869 (79% eram do sexo masculino e 231 (21% do feminino. Os fatores de risco mais importantes foram: homossexualidade masculina em 303 (27,55%, heterossexualidade em 272 (24,73%, usuários de drogas endovenosas em 168 (15,27% e causa indeterminada ou não revelada em 246 (22,36%. As queixas oculares mais freqüentes foram: 432 (39,27% pacientes com baixa da acuidade visual; 138 (12,55% com embaçamento visual; 64 (5,82% com dor ocular, 186 (16,9% com queixas inespecíficas e 235 (21,36% pacientes não apresentavam qualquer queixa. As manifestações oculares mais freqüentes foram: retinite por CMV em 246 (22,36% dos pacientes; exsudatos algodonosos em 110 (10%, blefarite em 51(4,64% e toxoplasmose ocular em 48 (4,36%. CONCLUSÃO: Houve progressão da doença entre os heterossexuais e aumento da incidência no sexo feminino nesta população estudada. Os que apresentavam queixas oculares foram a maioria. A manifestação ocular mais freqüente foi a retinite por CMV em 246 (22,36%. Encontramos 10% de exsudatos algodonosos.PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular manifestations of HIV-infected patients MATERIAL AND METHODS: A restropective study of 1,100 HIV positive out patients in 3 years with a standard complete ophthalmological exam. RESULTS: Eigth hundred and sixty nine (79% of the 1,100 patients studied were male and 231 (21% female. The most important risk factors were: male homossexuality in 303 cases (27.55%, heterossexuality in 272 (24.73%, endovenous drugs use in 168 (15.27%, and unknown cause in 246 (26.36%. Related to ocular complains, we found 432 (39.27% patients with decreased visual acuity, 138 (12.55% with visual

  16. Iontoforese no transporte ocular de drogas Iontophoresis for ocular drug delivery

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    Sílvia Ligório Fialho

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available O método mais comum de administração de drogas no olho é por meio de colírios. Entretanto, por este método, não é possível atingir a concentração terapêutica nos fluidos e tecidos posteriores do olho. A administração sistêmica apresenta reduzido acesso ao segmento posterior do olho devido à presença das barreiras oculares. Injeções subconjuntivais e retrobulbares não são capazes de proporcionar níveis adequados da droga, e a injeção intravítrea é método invasivo, inconveniente e que apre-senta riscos de perfuração do bulbo ocular ou descolamento da retina. A iontoforese, no entanto, apresenta-se como alternativa para o transporte de doses terapêuticas de drogas para o segmento posterior do olho. A iontoforese é uma técnica que consiste na administração de drogas para o organismo através dos tecidos, utilizando um campo elétrico. O eletrodo ativo, que se encontra em contato com a droga, é colocado no local a ser tratado, e um segundo eletrodo, com a finalidade de fechar o circuito elétrico, é colocado em outro local do organismo. O campo elétrico facilita o transporte da droga, que deve se encontrar, preferencialmente, na forma ionizada. A iontoforese pode ser considerada como um método seguro e não invasivo de transporte de drogas para locais específicos do olho. Aplicada experimentalmente para o tratamento de doenças oculares, esta técnica tem evoluído muito nos últimos anos e, atualmente, testes clínicos de fase III encontram-se em andamento.The most traditional method of ocular drug delivery is through the use of eyedrops. However, by this method, the therapeutic concentration in deep ocular fluids and tissues can not be efficiently reached. Systemic administration presents poor access to the posterior segment of the eye due to ocular barriers. Subconjuntival and retrobulbar injections are not able to produce adequate levels of the drug, and intravitreal injection is an invasive and problematic

  17. Doença de Coats: perfil de casos encaminhados para serviço referência em oncologia ocular Coats Disease: profile of patients referred to a reference ocular oncology service

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    Eduardo Ferrari Marback

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar o perfil de pacientes com doença de Coats encaminhados para afastar o diagnóstico de retinoblastoma. MÉTODOS: Realizado estudo retrospectivo, com base na revisão de prontuários e exames de imagem, de dez pacientes consecutivos. Foram avaliados os dados referentes à idade, sexo, queixa principal, estágio da doença à apresentação, tratamento e evolução. RESULTADOS: A média de idade à apresentação foi de 43,9 meses. Oito pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Leucocoria ou estrabismo foram as principais queixas, presentes em nove casos. Oito pacientes tinham doença em estágio 3B, um estágio 3A e um estágio 2B. Dos oito casos com descolamento total de retina (3B em sete foi optado apenas pela observação e um submetido a retinopexia sem sucesso. O caso com descolamento parcial (3A foi tratado por crioterapia e depois feita fotocoagulação por laser diodo, evoluindo com reaplicação da retina e obliteração das teleangiectasias. O caso sem descolamento associado (2B foi tratado por fotocoagulação por laser de argônio, com boa obliteração dos vasos anormais. A acuidade visual final foi de percepção luminosa em 3 e ausência de percepção luminosa em 5 dos 8 casos com doença 3B, os casos com doença 3A e 2B mantiveram visão de movimentos de mão. Nenhum dos casos evoluiu para glaucoma neovascular no segmento médio de 26,7 meses. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes com doença de Coats encaminhados para afastar a suspeita de retinoblastoma apresenta doença avançada ao diagnóstico. Nestes casos, devido ao péssimo prognóstico visual e alta complexidade do tratamento cirúrgico, pode-se optar apenas pela observação.PURPOSE: To report the profile of Coats' disease patients, referred to exclude retinoblastoma. METHODS: Retrospective study of medical charts from ten consecutive patients. Data evaluated include age at diagnosis, gender, chief complain, disease stage, treatment and evolution. RESULTS: Mean

  18. Efeito do uso de lente escleral cosmética na sensibilidade tátil corneal em phthisis bulbi Effect of ocular prosthesis on cornea sensitivity in phthisis bulbi

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    Lucia Miriam Dumont Lucci

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Comparar a sensibilidade tátil corneal entre olhos normais e aqueles com phthisis bulbi e avaliar as alterações provocadas na sensibilidade tátil corneal pelo uso de lente escleral cosmética em phthisis bulbi. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 23 pacientes com phthisis bulbi unilateral. Foram realizadas medidas da sensibilidade tátil corneal em ambos os olhos utilizando-se o estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet antes e após 3 meses do uso da lente escleral cosmética. RESULTADOS: Em todos os pacientes, a medida da sensibilidade tátil corneal no olho com phthisis bulbi foi menor do que no contralateral (controle. Em 96% houve diminuição da sensibilidade tátil corneal após a adaptação da lente escleral cosmética. CONCLUSÃO: Após a adaptação da lente escleral cosmética, ocorre diminuição da sensibilidade tátil corneal nos olhos. A fisiopatologia é semelhante à encontrada nos usuários de lentes de contato.PURPOSE: To compare corneal sensitivity between normal eyes and those whith phthisis bulbi and also to analyze the alterations of corneal sensitivity in phthisis bulbi induced by wearing ocular prosthesis. METHODS: Prospective study of 23 patients with unilateral phthisis bulbi. Bilateral cornea sensitivity was evaluated using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer before and after 3 months of wearing ocular prosthesis. RESULTS: In all patients, corneal sensitivity of the eye with phthisis bulbi was lower than that of the normal eye (control. In 96% there was decrease of corneal sensitivity after adaptation of ocular prosthesis. CONCLUSION: After wearing ocular prosthesis, there is a reduction in corneal sensitivity in phthisis bulbi. The pathophysiology seems to be the same as that found in contact lens wearers.

  19. Síndrome de Cogan: achados oculares em um caso da forma atípica Cogan's syndrome: ocular findings in an atypical case

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    Ana Karina Santiago de Medeiros Lima

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available A síndrome de Cogan é entidade multissistêmica rara caracterizada por ceratite intersticial associada à disfunção áudio-vestibular e possível surdez irreversível classificada em duas formas clínicas: típica e atípica. Há discordância na literatura quanto à presença de acometimento corneano na forma atípica. Uma paciente de 32 anos queixando-se de hiperemia e dor ocular, fotofobia e baixa da acuidade visual no olho direito, associada à perda súbita de audição à esquerda, vômitos, diarréia, oligúria, dor na orofaringe e febre. História prévia de semelhante acometimento do olho esquerdo e audição direita. Havia intensa hiperemia conjuntival, esclerite nodular, episclerite e infiltrados circulares no estroma corneano. A paciente recebeu pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona e ciclofosfamida. Evoluiu com grande melhora ocular, porém com resposta auditiva pobre. O caso reportado pode constituir forma típica da síndrome de Cogan (de acordo com autores que defendem o não-acometimento corneano na forma atípica com alguns achados característicos da forma atípica ou um caso da forma atípica da síndrome de Cogan (para aqueles que defendem o acometimento corneano na forma atípica. O diagnóstico diferencial também é discutido.Cogan's syndrome is an unusual multisystemic disease characterized by intersticial keratitis in association with vestibuloauditory dysfunction and possible irreversible deafness, classified into 2 clinical types: typical and atypical. There is disagreement in the literature about corneal disease in the atypical variety. A 32-year-old woman complaining of ocular hyperemia and ocular pain, photophobia and visual acuity loss in the right eye associated with sudden left hearing loss, vomiting, diarrhea, oliguria, oropharynx pain and fever. Previous history of similar disease in left eye and right hearing. There was intense conjunctival hyperemia, nodular scleritis, episcleritis, and circular infiltrates

  20. Oculomotricidade e seus fundamentos Ocular motility: foundations

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    Harley E. A. Bicas

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Partindo-se de um circuito esquemático relacionando os sistemas sensorial (visual binocular e oculomotor, cujos defeitos em vias aferentes ou eferentes, ou de suas interações, explicam o aparecimento dos estrabismos e suas conseqüências, são examinados os fundamentos e referenciais da movimentação ocular. Apresentam-se os conceitos de eixos e planos, centro de massa e de rotação, definem-se os movimentos monoculares de translação e de rotação e os binoculares de versões e vergências. É também referida a função dos centros de comando para movimentos voluntários e reflexos, a dos núcleos oculomotores e a respectiva inervação aos músculos oculares externos. Numa segunda parte (fisiologia da musculatura ocular extrínseca são comentadas as atividades de contração e relaxamento e a importância da lei de Sherrington. Voltando-se ao conceito de posição primária do olhar e dos referenciais das rotações, menciona-se a diversidade de vários sistemas de medidas. Em seguida, são analisadas as ações musculares rotacionais com bases no plano de ação muscular e na distribuição anatômica dos músculos, levando a resultados em posição primária do olhar e nas outras. Os efeitos de fáscias e membranas intermusculares são também comentados, terminando-se com a concepção moderna sobre as ações musculares (ação simultânea de todos os músculos em quaisquer das posições oculares. Com os condicionantes da lei de Hering, desenvolve-se o conceito de posições diagnósticas (das disfunções oculomotoras, diferentemente do clássico: os músculos são considerados em pares, de acordo às suas ações predominantes ___ horizontais (retos horizontais, verticais (retos verticais ou torcionais (oblíquos. Em cada qual devem ser comparadas as ações em condições diametralmente opostas de fixação ocular e posições do olhar (por exemplo, supradextroversão na fixação com o olho direito e infralevoversão na fixa

  1. Toxicidade ocular causada pelo tamoxifeno: relato de caso Ocular toxicity caused by tamoxifen: case report

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    Eliane Terumi Inada

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso de toxicidade ocular pelo tamoxifeno. Para isso, aferiu-se a melhor acuidade visual corrigida de ambos os olhos em tabela de Snellen. Foram realizados biomicroscopia do segmento anterior, refração, oftalmoscopia, angiofluoresceinografia e retinografia numa paciente de 63 anos, sexo feminino, cor branca, em uso de tamoxifeno 20 mg/dia há 4 anos, com acuidade visual corrigida de 20/70 e 20/40. A biomicroscopia do segmento anterior apresentava ceratopatia verticilata e catarata nuclear e cortical posterior de 1+/4 em ambos os olhos. À oftalmoscopia, foi verificado alteração do brilho macular de ambos os olhos. E a angiofluoresceinografia mostrou hiperfluorescência na área macular em fase precoce (defeito em janela. Relata-se um caso de ceratopatia e maculopatia causadas pelo tamoxifeno.To report tamoxifen ocular toxicity. The best visual acuity was measured in both eyes with Snellen chart, slit-lamp examination of anterior segment, refraction, dilated fundus examination, fluorescein angiography and retinography in a 63-year-old patient, female, white, using tamoxifen 20 mg/day for 4 years, with 20/70 and 20/40 corrected visual acuity. The anterior segment examination showed corneal linear subepithelial opacity inferior to the visual axis and nuclear and posterior cortical cataract (1+/4 in both eyes. Fundus examination showed alteration of macular color in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography presented hyperfluorescence in the macular area at an early phase (window defect. Report of keratopathy and maculopathy caused by tamoxifen.

  2. Condição ocular entre trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica brasileira Ocular condition in a brazilian ironmaster industry

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    Thais Zamudio Igami

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a condição ocular em população de trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica paulista. MÉTODOS: Amostra de 2516 funcionários de uma fábrica na cidade de São Paulo foi submetida a uma avaliação oftalmológica como exame ocupacional periódico. Foi aplicado um questionário e realizado o exame de acuidade visual (Snellen e teste de Ishihara. Os funcionários com acuidade visual menor que 0,7 ou com diferenças maior que duas linhas ou que apresentassem alguma queixa ocular, passaram por avaliação complementar (biomicroscopia, refração, tonometria e fundo de olho. Prescreveu-se óculos conforme indicação. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (62,5% e faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (41%. A maioria não apresentava antecedentes oculares (97,6% ou sistêmicos (96,6%.A acuidade visual estava acima de 0,7 em 95,5% dos olhos e 84% não utilizavam correção. O diagnóstico final foi exame normal em 55% dos casos, presbiopia em 13.6%, astigmatismo miópico em 10% e hipermetrópico em 7,7% dos indivíduos. Baixa visão foi encontrada em 2,4%, cegueira unilateral em 0,4%, não havendo casos de cegueira ou de deficiência visual entre os trabalhadores. As principais causas de baixa visão foram erros refrativos e ambliopia. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos funcionários da indústria pesquisada apresentava exame oftalmológico normal e nenhum deles apresentava cegueira bilateral.PURPOSE: To evaluate the ocular condition in a brazilian ironmaster industry. METHOD: A prospective study was conducted in 2516 employees from an ironmaster brazilian industry in São Paulo city, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied and visual acuity and Ishihara test were performed in every individual. A complete ophthalmic evaluation (slit lamp examination, fundoscopy, tonometry and refractometry was done when the visual acuity was worse than 0.7 or when the worker had a greater diference between the eyes (more than two lines or when there were

  3. Evaluation of the ocular protection for low intensity therapeutic lasers; Avaliacao da protecao ocular para lasers terapeuticos em baixa intensidade

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    Cordon, Rosely

    2003-07-01

    The low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been extensively used in medicine and dentistry presenting positive effects. However, the laser radiation can also cause adverse effects. Due to the ocular focalization property, in the wavelength from 400 to 1400 nm, the retina is more susceptible to damage by radiation than any other part of the human body. Then, the ocular protection is frequently emphasized. This protection must attenuate the radiation to a safe level. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60825-1 suggests safety requirements for medical laser equipment, including the ocular protection, based on maximum permissible exposure levels. The Brazilian legislation adopts a corresponding IEC standard, the NBR IEC 601.2.22, for safety requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the ocular protectors furnished by four laser equipment manufacturers, commercially available in Brazil, commonly used for LILT. For this purpose, the laser equipment and the respective ocular protectors were characterized. The adequacy was verified according to the IEC standards. It was found, among other results, ocular protectors attenuating to safe levels the radiation emitted by the respective laser equipment, however, presenting inadequate visual transmission. Inefficient protection and protection indicated in cases where they were not necessary were also observed. (author)

  4. Design of an operations management system for the Departamento de Hemato-Oncologia of Hospital Mexico

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    Garcia Perez, Giovanni; Solis Loaiciga, Alfonso; Vargas Vargas, Jose Andres

    2014-01-01

    An operations management system is designed to maximize use of current and future resources, in order to respond in time and form the attention requirements of the Departamento de Hemato-Oncologia (DHO) of Hospital Mexico. The project has been developed in the Consulta Externa (CE) of the Departamento de Hemato-Oncologia (DHO) of Hospital Mexico, specifically in the services of oncology, hematology, radiotherapy, palliative medicine and psycho-oncology. The performance of the current operational management in the Consulta Externa of the DHO is analyzed. Operational resources requirements are determined to identify opportunities of improvement in this management, the which must be adapted to the applicable regulatory elements. The design of the operations management that was proposed for the DHO is evaluated to determine their sufficiency, feasibility and viability. The operations management system that has proposed for the DHO has achieved in short term, to increase the amount of hours for the attention of dating in CE to redistribute the activities that have carried out doctors and to make heavy use of their capacity. The process of assignment of appointments of first is redesigned in oncology, allowing to take advantage the subspecialties and the opportunity of attention of the patients. A system of planning and operations control is proposed. This platform is a informatics tool that has taken data from daily task of DHO to become key indicators of production, improving the opportunity to take informed decisions from managers of direction of the services that compose the DHO [es

  5. Percepção da aplicação tópica ocular de drogas: comparação entre instilação de gotas em olhos abertos e vaporização em olhos fechados

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    Arlindo José Freire Portes

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar por questionário qual o nível de facilidade ou dificuldade para aplicação tópica de medicações oculares: vaporização em olho fechado ou instilação de gotas em olho aberto e constatar por meio da observação de pacientes pelos autores qual o método que foi utilizado com maior adequação técnica para aplicação de drogas tópicas oculares. Métodos: A pesquisa foi um ensaio clínico pareado e randomizado, realizada nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2012 no ambulatório de Oftalmologia da Policlínica Ronaldo Gazolla (Campus Arcos da Lapa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Estácio de Sá, RJ em 50 pacientes conveniados de planos de saúde ou do SUS. Foi utilizado um frasco de colírio e um de vaporizador com solução Optive®. Cada participante aplicou em um dos olhos a solução por vaporização ou instilação de gotas através de um processo randomizado. Foi perguntado aos pacientes questões pré-formuladas sobre a praticidade de ambos os métodos e observada à técnica de aplicação. Resultados: 32% acharam difícil ou muito difícil a vaporização em olho fechado e 34% a instilação de colírio (p=0,9562. A dificuldade mais comum para ambos os métodos foi "acertar o olho" e ocorreu em 53% dos pacientes que tiveram dificuldades para vaporização e por 65%dos que apresentaram dificuldade para aplicação de colírio. 38% dos pacientes necessitaram de mais de uma instilação para aplicação do colírio, enquanto 30% dos pacientes precisaram de mais de uma aplicação para que a droga vaporizada tivesse contato com o olho (p=0,5224. Em 74% dos pacientes houve toque da ponta do colírio com os cílios, já com o vaporizador não houve um toque do orifício do vaporizador com o dedo do paciente (p=0,5433. Conclusão: A maior facilidade ou dificuldade percebida pelos pacientes foi equivalente para instilar o colírio em relação à vaporização em olho fechado. O método da vaporização foi

  6. Stressing factors and coping strategies used by oncology nurses Factores estresantes y estrategias de coping utilizadas por los enfermeros que actúan en oncología Fatores estressantes e estratégias de coping dos enfermeiros atuantes em oncologia

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    Andrea Bezerra Rodrigues

    2008-02-01

    oncologia, são muitos os fatores que podem conduzir o profissional de enfermagem ao stress ocupacional. Para tentar controlar essa situação, o indivíduo pode utilizar estratégias de coping, que é um esforço cognitivo e comportamental utilizado frente a evento estressor. Os objetivos desse estudo foram identificar os fatores estressantes para enfermeiros que atuam em oncologia e verificar as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos mesmos. Foram utilizados dois questionários: um inventário de dados demográficos, construído pela autora, e o inventário de estratégias de coping de Folkman e Lazarus. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os fatores considerados mais estressantes para os enfermeiros de oncologia são: o óbito dos pacientes (28,6%, as situações de emergência (16,9%, os problemas de relacionamento com a equipe de enfermagem (15,5% e as situações relacionadas ao processo de trabalho (15,5%. Na população estudada, a estratégia de coping mais utilizada foi a reavaliação positiva.

  7. Alterações oculares na hanseníase, observadas em pacientes ambulatoriais do serviço de referência da cidade de Rio Branco, Acre - Brasil Eye lesions observed in outpatients of a leprosy reference center at Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil

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    Renaldo Duarte Moreno

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência das alterações oculares em pacientes de hanseníase ativa ou inativa, acompanhados em serviço de referência. MÉTODOS: O estudo transversal constou de exame ocular e levantamento de dados demográficos e clínico-epidemiológicos, em serviço de referência da cidade de Rio Branco (Acre, no período de outubro de 2001 a abril de 2002. RESULTADOS: Foram examinados 254 pacientes, com média de idade de 41,9 anos; 70,1% do sexo masculino e 29,9% do feminino; 73,6% residentes da área urbana e 76,8% de formas multi e 23,2% de paucibacilares. Anormalidades de anexos oculares foram descritas em 49,6% (n=126 dos casos e do globo ocular em 39,4% (n=100 dos casos, sendo as mais freqüentes: hipoestesia corneana, catarata, madarose, manchas hipercrômicas, hipolacrimejamento e ceratite ponteada. As lesões oculares (74,4% tiveram freqüências desiguais (rPURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of eye lesions in patients with active and non active leprosy who are being accompanied in a reference center. METHODS: The transverse study consisted of ocular examinations and the study of demographic and clinical-epidemiological data, in the reference center in the city of Rio Branco, AC (Brazil. The study was conducted between October of 2001 and April of 2002. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-four patients were examined, the average age was 41.9 years, 70.1% were males and 29.9% females; 73.6% were from the urban area, 76.8% were of the multibacillary form and 23.2% were of the paucibacillary form. Abnormalities of the ocular annexes were observed in 49.6% of the patients (n=126 and of the ocular globe in 39.4% (n=100, the most frequent being hypoesthesia of the cornea, cataract, madarosis, hiperchromic patches, hypolacrimation, and punctate keratitis. The eye lesions (74.4% had unequal frequencies (r<0.0001, being predominant among those older than 40 years (48.4%, against 26.0% in those under 40 years of age, multibacillary

  8. Uso de atracúrio para o bloqueio da musculatura extrínseca do bulbo ocular em cães submetidos à anestesia inalatória sob ventilação espontânea Blocking of ocular bulb extrinsic musculature by atracurium in inhalant anesthetized dogs under spontaneous breathing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A.B. Carregaro

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Comparou-se o bloqueio da musculatura extrínseca do bulbo ocular com três doses de atracúrio em cães submetidos à anestesia inalatória sob ventilação espontânea. Em estudo cego, foram utilizados seis cães, pré-medicados com 0,1mg/kg de acepromazina intravenoso (IV, anestesiados com 5mg/kg de propofol, entubados e mantidos sob anestesia inalatória com 1,5% de isofluorano e submetidos a quatro tratamentos: não tratados (controle, tratados com 25µg/kg (G25 de atracúrio IV, com 50µg/kg (G50 de atracúrio IV e com 75µg/kg (G75 de atracúrio IV. Mensuraram-se: pressão parcial de CO2 expirado (ETCO2, freqüência cardíaca (FC, freqüência respiratória (¦, saturação arterial de oxiemoglobina (SatO2 e tempo de centralização do bulbo ocular. Nos grupos tratados com atracúrio, o ETCO2 aumentou aos 5min, e permaneceu aumentado até 10min em G50 e até 20min em G75, sendo este o único tratamento cuja concentração de ETCO2 apresentou-se acima de 50mmHg. Não houve reinalação de CO2 em nenhum grupo. Em G75, observou-se aumento crescente da ¦ até os 40min e considerável bradicardia após 10min; ambos retornaram aos valores basais após esse período. A centralização do bulbo ocular foi crescente de acordo com a dose: G25, 38±13min; G50, 65±16,4 min; G75, 78±27min, mas não houve diferença estatística entre G50 e G75. Conclui-se que G50 apresentou bloqueio satisfatório sem promover intensa e prolongada hipercapnia nos animais.The ocular bulb extrinsic musculature blocking by the administration of three atracurium doses in isoflurane anesthetized dogs under spontaneous breathing was compared. In a blind study, six dogs were premedicated with 0.1mg/kg of acepromazine, anesthetized with 5mg/kg of propofol, intubated and maintained in inhalation anesthesia with 1.5% of isoflurane in 100% of oxygen. Afterwards, they were submitted to four treatments (control, G25:25µg/kg of atracurium IV, G50:50µg/kg IV and G75:75µg/kg IV

  9. Epidemiology of ocular allergy and co-morbidities in adolescents

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    Marcos Geraldini

    2013-07-01

    , comorbidades e o impacto da alergia ocular em adolescentes. Métodos: Os adolescentes foram selecionados de uma amostra de escolas e preencheram, em sala de aula, um questionário previamente validado sobre os sintomas da CA. O seu diagnóstico foi considerado quando mais de três episódios de prurido ocular foram relatados nos últimos 12 meses. Sintomas relacionados, como lacrimejamento, fotofobia, sensação de corpo estranho, impacto sobre as atividades diárias e diagnóstico de conjuntivite alérgica, foram analisados. Resultados: Foram obtidos questionários de 3.120 adolescentes (média de 13,3 ± 1,1 ano. Nos últimos 12 meses, 1.592 (51% adolescentes tiveram prurido ocular. O sintoma relacionado mais frequente foi lacrimejamento (74%, seguido de fotofobia (50,1% e sensação de corpo estranho (37,1%. A prevalência de conjuntivite alérgica foi de 20,7%, afetando mais pessoas do sexo feminino do que do masculino (56,1% em comparação a 45,9%; p = 0,01. O risco de um adolescente com alergia ocular apresentar asma, rinite e eczema atópico foi (RC = 5,7; CI de 95%: 4,5 a 7,1; (RC = 3,6; CI de 95%: 3,0 a 4,3 e (RC = 2,6; CI de 95%: 2,0 a 3,5, respectivamente. Uma interferência grave nas atividades diárias foi relatada por 30,5%. Conclusões: Sintomas de alergia ocular são comuns, frequentemente relacionados a outras doenças alérgicas, e causam impacto sobre as atividades diárias de adolescentes. Keywords: Allergic conjunctivitis, Children, Epidemiology, Palavras-chave: Conjuntivite alérgica, Crianças, Epidemiologia

  10. Fundus autofluorescence in blunt ocular trauma

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    Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Descrever os achados do exame de autofluorescência do fundo de olho (AFF em pacientes vítimas de trauma ocular contuso. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, não intervencionista, realizado através da revisão de prontuários e exames de imagem. Os dados analisados foram: sexo, idade, lateralidade, etiologia do trauma, tempo decorrente entre o trauma e a realização do exame, acuidade visual, alterações na periferia da retina, diagnóstico fundoscópico e achados ao exame de AFF (realizada no aparelho Topcon TRC-50DX Retinal Camera. Resultados: Oito olhos de 8 pacientes foram estudados. A idade média foi de 27,6 anos (de 19 a 43 anos, o sexo masculino (n=7 foi mais acometido do que o feminino (n=1, agressão física foi a etiologia mais comum do trauma (n=3, seguido de acidente com fogos de artifício (n=2. Outras causas foram acidente automobilístico (n=1, trauma ocupacional com lixadeira (n=1 e pedrada (n=1. A acuidade visual variou de 20/80 a percepção luminosa. Epiteliopatia pigmentar traumática (EPT foi identificada em 5 casos, rotura de coroide em 3, hemorragia subretiniana em 3 e retinopatia de Purtscher em 1 caso. Hipoautofluorescência foi observada nos casos de rotura de coroide, hemorragia subretiniana recente, hemorragia intrarretiniana e em 2 casos de EPT. Hiperautofluorescência foi visualizada nos casos de hemorragia subretiniana em degradação, na borda de 2 casos de roturas de coroide e discretamente no polo posterior na retinopatia de Purtcher. Três casos de EPT apresentaram hipoautofluorescência com pontos hiperautofluorescentes difusos. Conclusão: O exame de AFF permite avaliar as alterações do segmento posterior do olho decorrentes do trauma ocular contuso de forma não invasiva, somando informações valiosas. Foram descritos achados do exame em casos de epiteliopatia pigmentar traumática, rotura de coroide, hemorragia sub-retiniana e retinopatia de Purtscher.

  11. Resection of overfiltration bleb for the treatment of chronic ocular hypotony: case reports

    OpenAIRE

    Cronemberger, Sebastião; Santos, Daniel Vítor de Vasconcelos; Oliveira, Ana Cláudia Monteiro; Maestrini, Heloísa Andrade; Calixto, Nassim

    2004-01-01

    Relatar os resultados obtidos com a ressecção de bolsa hiperfuncionante pós-trabeculectomia (TREC) com mitomicina C (MMC) para o tratamento da hipotonia ocular crônica. Cinco pacientes portadores de hipotonia ocular crônica causada por hiperfunção de bolsa fistulante pós- trabeculectomia com mitomicina foram tratados pela ressecção da bolsa. O diagnóstico de hiperfunção da bolsa foi feito com base em critérios estabelecidos pelos autores. A hipotonia ocular foi revertida nos cinco pacientes, ...

  12. Sofrimento psíquico em trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma unidade de oncologia El sufrimiento psiquico de los trabajadores de enfermería de una unidad de oncologia Psychological suffering of nursing professionals at an oncology unit

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    Luziane Zacché Avellar

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa focalizou a realidade de trabalho de técnicos de enfermagem do setor de oncologia de um hospital de Vitória - ES. A nossa hipótese foi que o cenário de múltiplas demandas - com profissionais que vivenciam uma expectativa constante de situações de emergência e de concentração de pacientes graves, sujeitos a internações prolongadas, isolamento e mudanças súbitas no estado geral - contribui para a criação de um ambiente de trabalho que gera sofrimento psíquico no trabalhador. Para a coleta dos dados utilizamos a técnica de observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados foram analisados segundo metodologia qualitativa. Os resultados encontrados indicam que estes fatores combinados contribuem para a criação de um ambiente de trabalho que se caracteriza como estressante e gerador de uma atmosfera emocional comprometida, evidenciando a necessidade de se criarem espaços onde se possa falar dos mais variados sentimentos que decorrem da rotina de trabalho e causam sofrimento psíquico.Esta investigación enfocó la realidad del trabajo de los técnicos de enfermería de una unidad de oncologia de un hospital de la ciudad de Vitória, ES - Brasil. Nuestra hipótesis está basada en la situación que enfrentan los trabajadores que conviven constantemente cuadros de emergencias, aislamientos , cambios súbitos del estado general de los pacientes con posibilidades de internaciones prolongadas y concentración de pacientes graves, contribuyendo todo esto a un ambiente de trabajo que provoca sufrimiento psíquico en los técnicos de enfermería. La técnica utilizada para recopilar los datos que presentamos fue, la de observación- participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas, analizadas según la metodología cualitativa. Los resultados indican que la combinación de estos factores produce un ambiente de trabajo estresante y generador de una atmosfera emocional comprometida y, que por tanto, precisa de

  13. Ocular Hypertension

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Español Eye Health / Eye Health A-Z Ocular Hypertension Sections What Is Ocular Hypertension? Ocular Hypertension Causes ... Hypertension Diagnosis Ocular Hypertension Treatment What Is Ocular Hypertension? Leer en Español: ¿Qué es la hipertensión ocular? ...

  14. Prótese intra-ocular de resina acrílica em cães e gatos Acrylic resin intraocular prosthesis in dogs and cats

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    S.C. Rahal

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available Foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Unesp - Campus de Botucatu, 11 animais (oito cães e três gatos, com alterações oftálmicas unilaterais graves que levaram à perda total da função ocular (protrusão de globo com injúria nervosa e estrutural, perfurações de córnea com perda de conteúdo intra-ocular e endoftalmites, entre outras. Os animais, com idades entre dois meses e 10 anos, foram submetidos à evisceração e posterior inclusão de esfera de resina acrílica (metilmetacrilato na capa córneo-escleral ou escleral. As esferas foram previamente confeccionadas e esterilizadas por autoclavagem. No pós-operatório foram utilizados antiinflamatórios e antibioticoterapia tópica combinada ou não a sistêmica. O período de observação variou de 2 meses a 3 anos e os aspectos avaliados foram secreção ocular, blefarospasmo, sinais de desconforto e estética. Obtiveram-se resultados satisfatórios em oito casos. Concluiu-se que a resina acrílica pode ser uma alternativa para uso como inclusão em cavidade anoftálmica.Eleven animals (eight dogs and three cats, aged between two months and ten years were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil. These animals presented severe unilateral ophthalmic changes that lead to a total loss of ocular function, such as prolapsed eyes with nervous and structural injury, corneal damage with loss of intraocular contents or endophthalmitis among others. They were submitted to evisceration followed by the insertion of an acrylic resin prosthesis (methylmethacrylate in the corneoscleral or scleral shell. The spheres were previously made and sterilized by autoclave. The postoperative medical therapy included topical and systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics for seven days and anti-inflammatory drugs. The follow-up time varied from two months to three years. The evaluated

  15. Movimentos oculares e padrões de busca visual em tarefas de rotação mental Eye movements and scan patterns in mental rotation tasks

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    Priscila Covre

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as estratégias utilizadas nas tarefas de rotação mental pela análise dos traçados dos movimentos oculares. Foi analisado o desempenho de 40 participantes na comparação de pares de objetos tridimensionais rotacionados no eixo y, com diferenças de angulação de 0o a 180o. Foi utilizado um sistema computacional de rastreamento dos movimentos oculares (eyetracking durante a visualização de figuras. Os resultados mostram que tempo de julgamento, duração média das fixações do olho, número de fixações nos objetos e número de alternâncias entre os dois objetos aumentam em função da diferença de angulação. Análise dos traçados oculares, com base na inspeção visual, indica o uso de dois tipos de estratégias: rotação mental em torno dos eixos padrões e comparação independente da orientação. O uso dessas estratégias é discutido com relação ao desempenho dos participantes e à memória de trabalho.The purpose of this paper is to identify the strategies used on mental rotation tasks by analyzing ocular movements. The performance of 40 participants on comparison of pairs of three-dimensional objects, rotated on the y-axis, from 0o to 180o was analyzed. An eye-tracking computerized system was used to track eye movements during scene visualization. Results showed that judgment time, fixation duration, number of fixations and number of switches between the objects increased with rotation angle. Analysis by visual inspection indicates the use of two kinds of strategies: Mental rotation around the standard axis and comparison of orientation-free descriptions. The use of the strategies is discussed with regard to performance and working memory.

  16. Refração por retinoscopia com luz em faixa em cães

    OpenAIRE

    Ranzani,J.J.T.; Mobricci,L.A.L.; Carvalho,L.R.; Brandão,C.V.S.

    2008-01-01

    A refração ocular por retinoscopia com luz em faixa em 10 cães normais, sem raça definida, demonstrou que a maioria dos animais, independentemente do porte, apresentou tendência à hipermetropia, além de anisometropia e astigmatismo.

  17. Aplicação de substituto de pele em oncologia cutânea: estudo experimental com derme acelular e ceratinócitos cultivados Application of skin substitutes in skin oncology: experimental study using acellular dermis and cultured keratinocytes

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    José Anselmo Lofêgo Filho

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: As neoplasias malignas da pele de grandes dimensões apresentam dificuldades de reconstrução após a excisão. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a exeqüibilidade de uma nova proposta de cobertura para feridas cirúrgicas criadas após a ressecção de grandes tumores cutâneos, a combinação da derme acelular humana com epitélio autólogo cultivado. MÉTODOS: A aplicação dos substitutos de pele foi feita em quatro pacientes com área de implante variando de 33 a 120 cm2. Além da observação dos resultados clínicos, realizou-se estudo morfológico para avaliação da integração dos implantes. RESULTADOS: Ceratinócitos autólogos cultivados foram enxertados em dois pacientes e não demonstraram integração. A derme acelular foi aplicada em quatro pacientes, sendo que em um deles foram feitas duas aplicações. Dos cinco implantes de derme acelular realizados, dois não apresentaram integração, em dois a integração foi de 70%, e de 50% no último. CONCLUSÃO: A cobertura imediata e definitiva de defeitos cirúrgicos através da aplicação de derme acelular humana combinada com epitélio autólogo cultivado é exeqüível. Em oncologia cutânea apenas em situações especiais o uso de substitutos de pele pode ser conveniente no sentido de evitar reconstruções mais complexas.BACKGROUND: Reconstruction difficulties may arise after excision of large malignant skin neoplasms.a OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a new coverage for surgical wounds following resection of large skin tumors: a combination of human acellular dermis with cultured autologous epithelium. METHODS: The skin substitute was implanted in four patients, one of them received two implants and the area ranged from 33 to 120 cm2. Clinical results and morphologic studies were assessed as to implant integration. RESULTS: Cultured autologous epithelium was grafted in two patients and no integration was

  18. Utilização de adesivo de fibrina em cirurgias oftalmológicas Use of fibrin glue in ocular surgery

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    Melissa Manfroi Dal Pizzol

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas oftalmológicas nas quais se pode utilizar a cola biológica e possíveis complicações relacionadas ao seu uso. MÉTODOS: Estudo de série de casos retrospectivo, não-comparativo. Foram avaliados 161 olhos de pacientes com idade média de 51,8 anos em que foi utilizada cola biológica (Beriplast P® - Aventis Behring, Alemanha para fixação de tecido ou fechamento incisional. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 76 pacientes com pterígio, 4 com ceratoconjuntivite límbica superior, 4 com tumor limbar, 21 com conjuntivocálase, 31 com ceratopatia bolhosa, 7 com deficiência límbica, 6 com queimadura alcalina, 2 com Stevens-Johnson, 5 com catarata e 5 com glaucoma. Complicações foram relatas em 28 casos (17,4%. Descolamento do tecido fixado e granuloma foram as complicações mais frequentes. Descolamento ocorreu em 10 casos (5,6% (7 em transplante de membrana amniótica em ceratopatia bolhosa, 2 em transplante de conjuntiva autólogo após exérese de pterígio, 1 após transplante de limbo autólogo por Stevens-Johnson. Granuloma ocorreu em 9 casos (5,6% (5 em pacientes com queimadura alcalina aguda tratados com transplante de membrana amniótica, 1 em paciente com sequela de queimadura tratado com transplante de limbo autólogo e 3 em pacientes após exérese de pterígio tratados com transplante de conjuntiva autólogo. Todas as complicações ocorreram dentro da primeira semana de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Embora o presente seja retrospectivo e não-comparativo, podemos observar que a utilização do adesivo de fibrina parece ser segura e efetiva, além de apresentar baixas taxas de complicações nas cirurgias de superfície ocular e de segmento anterior.PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of fibrin glue and its complications in different ophthalmic surgeries. METHODS: A retrospective and non-comparative case series study. 161 eyes were evaluated. The mean age was 51.8 years. Fibrin glue

  19. Prevalência de doenças oculares e causas de comprometimento visual em crianças atendidas em um Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia do centro-oeste do Brasil

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    Maria Nice Araujo Moraes Rocha

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar os níveis de comprometimento visual e a prevalência de oftalmopatias e ametropias em crianças atendidas em um centro de referência em oftalmologia do centro-oeste brasileiro. Comparar os achados com dados publicados referentes a outras regiões do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo com análise de prontuários de crianças atendidas no Centro de Referência em Oftalmologia (CEROF da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período compreendido entre abril de 2009 e março de 2010. Resultados: Foram avaliados 2408 prontuários, sendo 2128 (88,4% de atendimento eletivo e 280 (11,6% de atendimento no setor de urgências do CEROF. Houve predomínio na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos (44,2%, seguido pela de 11 a 14 anos (29,6%. O exame foi considerado normal em 12,9% (n=274 dos atendimentos eletivos e em 6,8 (n=19 dos atendimentos de urgência. As doenças mais encontradas nas crianças foram as conjuntivites infecciosas (248 casos, 26,4% e alérgicas (204 casos, 21,7%, blefarite (69 casos, 7,3%, calázio (34 casos, 3,6%, estrabismo (133 casos, 12,06%, as doenças de retina e vítreo (24 casos, 2,6%, catarata e alterações de cristalino (20 casos, 2,1%. As ametropias mais frequentes, contadas por olho, foram a hipermetropia (46,9% e o astigmatismo (42,2% e as doenças sistêmicas mais informadas foramprematuridade (30 casos e diabete melito (26 casos. Conclusão: Este estudo identificou as principais causas de doenças oculares em crianças atendidas em um centro universitário de referência. O grupo de doenças mais prevalente foi o das doenças de córnea e conjuntiva (conjuntivites alérgicas, olho seco e ceratites. As doenças de pálpebra ocuparam o segundo lugar (blefarite, calázio, e obstrução de vias lacrimais. As ametropias mais frequentes foram a hipermetropia e o astigmatismo. Os achados na população estudada mostram-se semelhantes aos observados na literatura nacional.

  20. Aderência in vitro do Staphylococcus epidermidis e da Pseudomonas alcaligenes em lentes intra-oculares In vitro adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas alcaligenes to intraocular lenses

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    Patrícia Ioschpe Gus

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Quantificar e comparar a aderência in vitro das bactérias Staphylococcus epidermidis e Pseudomonas alcaligenes em diferentes tipos de lentes intra-oculares (LIOs. MÉTODOS: Quatorze lentes intra-oculares foram usadas no experimento. Quatro de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA, quatro de silicone, quatro de hidrogel e duas de acrílico. Oito lentes intra-oculares foram colocadas em oito tubos de ensaio contendo 4 ml de suspensão de Pseudomonas alcaligenes, e seis lentes intra-oculares foram colocadas em seis tubos de ensaio contendo 4 ml de suspensão de Staphylococcus epidermidis. A concentração do caldo utilizada para o teste de aderência foi de 10(8 unidades formadoras de colônias por mililitro (CFU/mL que corresponde a 0,5 na escala de McFarland. As lentes foram incubadas a 37° por duas horas. Após, foram removidas dos caldos e enxaguadas em água destilada estéril por duas vezes. As lentes foram cultivadas em placas de ágar-sangue a 35-37° e evaliadas a cada 24h por um período de 72h. Nas amostras que tiveram crescimento bacteriano, foram contadas as colônias utilizando os métodos convencionais de laboratório. Todos os ensaios foram executados em duplicata. RESULTADOS: A aderência do Staphylococcus epidermidis nas lentes de PMMA foi menor se comparada com as de silicone e de hidrogel. A aderência daPseudomonas alcaligenes nas lentes de hidrogel foi menor se comparada com as de silicone, PMMA e acrílico. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a aderência do Staphylococcus epidermidis e da Pseudomonas alcaligenes nas lentes intra-oculares é influenciada pelo tipo de material da lente e pela espécie do microorganismo. A aderência bacteriana pode ter papel importante na patogenicidade da endoftalmite pós-cirurgia de catarata.PURPOSE: To quantify and compare the in vitro adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas alcaligenes to different intraocular lenses (IOLs. METHODS: Fourteen intraocular lenses were

  1. Aborto espontâneo e toxoplasmose ocular em um casal infectado com Toxoplasma gondii = Spontaneous abortion and ocular toxoplasmosis in a couple infected with Toxoplasma gondii

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    Souza, Carla Zangari de

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Relatar os casos de um casal, em que a esposa apresentou toxoplasmose na gestação e o esposo, após 15 anos, foi diagnosticado com toxoplasmose ocular. Relato dos casos: Gestante, grávida de gêmeos, residente de um estado na região Sul do Brasil. No primeiro mês de gestação apresentou sorologia não reagente para IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii. Na sétima semana de gestação houve soroconversão (IgM e IgG anti-T. gondii reagentes e aborto natural. O esposo, após 15 anos desde o episódio da esposa, queixou-se de visão embaçada/irritada. O exame de fundoscopia revelou lesões típicas de coriorretinite recidivante por toxoplasmose no olho direito. Os exames sorológicos foram IgG anti-T. gondii reagente e IgM anti-T. gondii não reagente. Conclusões: Este relato, de um casal com desfechos clínicos importantes de toxoplasmose, em diferentes formas, enfatiza a relevância do problema da toxoplasmose, que nas suas diversas manifestações, pode trazer graves consequências para a vida de uma família

  2. Perfil epidemiológico do trauma ocular penetrante antes e após o novo código de trânsito Epidemiological profile of penetrating ocular trauma before and after the new traffic code

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    Paulo Caldas Silber

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Comparar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com trauma ocular penetrante (TOP antes e após a regulamentação do novo código de trânsito. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 253 pacientes com TOP examinados na Seção de Trauma Ocular (UNIFESP de janeiro de 1997 a abril de 1999. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I, pacientes com trauma ocular antes da implantação do novo código; Grupo II, história de trauma após sua implantação. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação a diferentes aspectos do trauma e exame oftalmológico. Resultados: Os achados epidemiológicos em relação à idade, sexo e raça foram similares em ambos os grupos. No grupo I, os pacientes entre 21 e 50 anos apresentaram distribuição similar quanto à etiologia do trauma, ao passo que no grupo II, no mesmo intervalo de idade, predominaram os acidentes automobilísticos. Em relação ao uso do cinto de segurança, 60% e 92% dos pacientes não estavam usando o cinto, nos grupos I e II, respectivamente. 60% dos pacientes no grupo II mencionaram consumo de álcool, contra 40%, no grupo I. Conclusão: Apesar das medidas de impacto tomadas pelo governo para controlar os acidentes, os danos do trauma ocular continuam relacionados a fatores passíveis de prevenção, como o uso do cinto de segurança e consumo de álcool.Purpose: To study the epidemiologic profile of the patients with penetrating ocular trauma (POT before and after the application of the new traffic code. Methods: Retrospective study of 253 patients with POT examined at the Ocular Trauma Section (UNIFESP from January 1997 to April 1999. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I, patients with ocular trauma before the new traffic code; Group II, trauma history after the new code. The patients were evaluated regarding different aspects on trauma and ophthalmic evaluation. Results: The epidemiological findings regarding age, sex and race were similar in both groups. In

  3. Perfil epidemiológico do trauma ocular penetrante antes e após o novo código de trânsito

    OpenAIRE

    Silber,Paulo Caldas; Souza,Luciene Barbosa de; Tongu,Maira Tiyomi Sacata

    2002-01-01

    Objetivo: Comparar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com trauma ocular penetrante (TOP) antes e após a regulamentação do novo código de trânsito. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 253 pacientes com TOP examinados na Seção de Trauma Ocular (UNIFESP) de janeiro de 1997 a abril de 1999. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I, pacientes com trauma ocular antes da implantação do novo código; Grupo II, história de trauma após sua implantação. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação...

  4. Lente intra-ocular opaca em diplopia intratável: relato de caso Opaque intraocular lens in intractable diplopia: case report

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    Fernanda Teixeira Krieger

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Diplopia intratável tem sido descrita em várias situações. Métodos convencionais como prismas e correção cirúrgica do estrabismo falham em neutralizá-la. O objetivo do trabalho é documentar o caso de uma paciente com estrabismo de longa data, cuja diplopia deteriorou-se ao longo dos anos, e não foi possível resolução com cirurgia, prisma, e oclusão com óculos e lente de contato com pupila opaca. A paciente foi então submetida à facoemulsificação com implante de lente intra-ocular opaca que atingiu o objetivo desejado.Intractable diplopia has been described in many situations but poor results are the rule with standard treatment modalities. The authors report a case of a woman with long-standing strabismus and diplopia who failed to improve following surgery, prism, and occlusive spectacles or contact lenses. Then, she was submitted to phacoemulsification and opaque intraocular lens implantation, which successfully neutralized diplopia.

  5. Importância da ultra-sonografia ocular na avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes com catarata total The importance of ocular ultrasonography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with mature cataract

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Pedroso de Carvalho Lupinacci

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available Com os avanços da cirurgia para catarata, o prognóstico da recuperação da visão aumentou drasticamente, tornando-se necessário prever resultados indesejados para a acuidade visual no pós-operatório. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a importância da ultra-sonografia ocular na avaliação pré-operatória do segmento posterior em pacientes com catarata madura, e relacionar possíveis doenças que possam comprometer os resultados cirúrgicos, sua prevalência e seus principais fatores de risco. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo do prontuário de 262 pacientes em que houve a necessidade de ultra-sonografia ocular devido à presença de catarata madura, impedindo assim a avaliação fundoscópica do segmento posterior. Também foi avaliada a relação entre a presença dessas alterações e o sexo, idade, raça, história de trauma ocular, doenças sistêmicas e oculares e presença de catarata no olho contralateral. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se alterações ecográficas em 24,8% dos exames realizados entre 1996 e 2001, dos quais o descolamento de retina (9,9% e as condensações vítreas (9,9% foram as mais comuns. CONCLUSÕES: Dentre os fatores de risco levantados como predisponentes para achados de ultra-sonografia ocular, a uveíte foi o único elemento estatisticamente significante. Não foi possível, pelos dados obtidos, correlacionar positivamente o trauma ocu-lar às patologias de segmento posterior descritas.With the new techniques of cataract surgery visual success has increased and it became necessary to foresee undesirable postoperative results regarding visual acuity. PURPOSE: To verify the role of ocular ultrasonography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with mature cataract searching for pos terior segment pathologies that may affect surgical results, their prevalence and the main associated risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed analyzing records of 262 patients indicated for ocular ultrasonography

  6. Padronização das atividades em centro cirúrgico oncológico segundo a Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem

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    Joao Francisco Possari

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar em um centro cirúrgico especializado em oncologia, as atividades de enfermagem realizadas no período transoperatório, classificar e validar as atividades em intervenções, segundo a Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC. O levantamento das atividades foi realizado por meio dos registros e da observação direta da assistência de enfermagem, nos quatro turnos de trabalho. As atividades foram classificadas em intervenções de enfermagem da NIC utilizando-se a técnica mapeamento cruzado. O elenco de intervenções foi validado por profissionais de enfermagem, em oficinas de trabalho. Identificaram-se 49 intervenções: 34 de cuidados diretos e 15 de cuidados indiretos. O reconhecimento das intervenções de enfermagem permite medir o tempo despendido na sua execução, variável fundamental para quantificar e qualificar a carga de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem.

  7. Avaliação da qualidade de vida em mulheres com cancro da mama: Estudo exploratório com 55 mulheres angolanas

    OpenAIRE

    Duarte, Ilda da Conceição Afonso Sebastião

    2013-01-01

    Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário Objetivo: Avaliar a QDV das mulheres angolanas, diagnosticadas com cancro da mama, tratadas no Centro Nacional de Oncologia (CNO)/Luanda e identificar o papel das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, uma vez que as causas da observância desproporcional da morbimortalidade entre mulheres brancas e negras com essa doença, ainda não estão bem definidas, e as desvantagens apontadas na li...

  8. OCULAR ASPECTS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OCULAR MYOPATHY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mallika O. U

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism can result in ocular manifestations even before systemic signs and symptoms develop. It is seen more in females and severe forms are more common in males. Early detection of ocular involvement can prevent vision threatening complications and troublesome discomforts affecting quality of vision. This clinical study highlights the importance of detailed ocular examination in hyperthyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with ocular signs of hyperthyroidism were evaluated and followed up for an average period of 1 year. Detailed ocular examination included exophthalmometric measurements, ocular movements and Worth four-dot test. T3, T4, TSH, CT scan and antimicrosomal antibodies and antithyroglobulin antibodies were done along with routine investigations. Study Design- Prospective cohort study. RESULTS Statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation between the level of serum T3 and severity of ocular findings. Majority of the cases were euthyroid with moderate ocular myopathy having multiple muscle involvement. Inferior rectus was affected most. CONCLUSION The ocular signs of hyperthyroidism in the present study seem to be mild. The severe eye changes like corneal involvement and optic nerve changes were less common.

  9. Estudo descritivo da resposta de acuidade visual sem correção e pressão intra-ocular computadorizada de não contato em jogadores de futebol amadores e profissionais

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    Emídio Valenti Tavares

    1999-08-01

    Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as possíveis alterações de acuidade visual e pressão intra-ocular em jogadores de futebol. A clínica Oftalmos e Cirurgia Oftalmológica submeteu à avaliação oftalmológica 127 atletas futebolistas provenientes de várias categorias, incluindo mulheres, com idades variando de 14 a 33 anos. Todos foram submetidos a testes de acuidade visual sem correção, utilizando-se a tabela de Snellen e avaliando-se a pressão intra-ocular de não contato com um tonômetro computadorizado (modelo TX-10, Canon, EUA. Além disso, os atletas foram submetidos a exame de auto-refração, no equipamento auto-refrator (modelo R-30, Canon, EUA. Os seguintes parâmetros utilizados e os resultados encontrados foram: dos 127 atletas avaliados, 56 (44% apresentaram alterações de auto-refração, consideradas de grau mais ou menos importante em um ou ambos os olhos. No teste de acuidade visual, 3% e 2,4% dos atletas apresentaram, no OD e OE, somente 20/100 e 20/200 pés de visão, respectivamente. Em uma jogadora, foi constatada catarata puntata congênita. Os resultados da tonometria mostraram, em 5 atletas de cor negra, quadro suspeito de glaucoma (necessitando investigação mais apurada.Concluindo, o estudo comprovou a importância da oftalmologia como medida preventiva e/ou corretiva na identificação de possíveis alterações oftalmológicas em atletas futebolistas, devendo ser uma prática rotineira nesse esporte.

  10. Ressecção de bolsa hiperfuncionante para tratamento de hipotonia ocular crônica: relato de casos

    OpenAIRE

    Cronemberger,Sebastião; Santos,Daniel Vítor de Vasconcelos; Oliveira,Ana Cláudia Monteiro; Maestrini,Heloísa Andrade; Calixto,Nassim

    2004-01-01

    Relatar os resultados obtidos com a ressecção de bolsa hiperfuncionante pós-trabeculectomia (TREC) com mitomicina C (MMC) para o tratamento da hipotonia ocular crônica. Cinco pacientes portadores de hipotonia ocular crônica causada por hiperfunção de bolsa fistulante pós- trabeculectomia com mitomicina foram tratados pela ressecção da bolsa. O diagnóstico de hiperfunção da bolsa foi feito com base em critérios estabelecidos pelos autores. A hipotonia ocular foi revertida nos cinco pacientes, ...

  11. Pesquisa de anticorpos anti Toxoplasma gondii em fluidos intra-oculares (humor vítreo e humor aquoso) de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular, na cidade de Belém, PA

    OpenAIRE

    Carmo,Ediclei Lima do; Almeida,Edmundo Frota; Bichara,Cléa Nazaré; Póvoa,Marinete Marins

    2005-01-01

    Foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma gondii no soro e fluidos intra-oculares (humor aquoso e vítreo) de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que anticorpos IgG e IgA intraocular anti-Toxoplasma gondii podem vir a ser importantes marcadores no diagnóstico de toxoplasmose ocular.

  12. Ressecção de bolsa hiperfuncionante para tratamento de hipotonia ocular crônica: relato de casos Resection of overfiltration bleb for the treatment of chronic ocular hypotony: case reports

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastião Cronemberger

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available Relatar os resultados obtidos com a ressecção de bolsa hiperfuncionante pós-trabeculectomia (TREC com mitomicina C (MMC para o tratamento da hipotonia ocular crônica. Cinco pacientes portadores de hipotonia ocular crônica causada por hiperfunção de bolsa fistulante pós- trabeculectomia com mitomicina foram tratados pela ressecção da bolsa. O diagnóstico de hiperfunção da bolsa foi feito com base em critérios estabelecidos pelos autores. A hipotonia ocular foi revertida nos cinco pacientes, sem medicação num seguimento mínimo de cinco e máximo de 26 meses (média de 14,0 ± 7,9 meses. A ressecção da bolsa foi procedimento eficaz para reverter a hipotonia ocular crônica causada pela hiperfunção da mesma pós-trabeculectomia com mitomicina.To present the results of bleb resection for the treatment of overfiltering bleb after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC associated with chronic ocular hypotony. Five patients with chronic ocular hypotony caused by overfiltering bleb underwent bleb resection. The authors established the criteria for the diagnosis of overfiltering bleb. Ocular hypotony was reversed in all patients without medication. The mean follow-up was 14.0 ± 7.9 months. Bleb resection is a good approach for the treatment of chronic ocular hypotony secondary to overfiltering bleb.

  13. Ocular Melanoma

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... is Ocular Melanoma? Leer en Español: ¿Qué es el melanoma ocular? Written By: Daniel Porter Reviewed By: Robert H Janigian Jr MD Sep. 01, 2017 Ocular melanoma (melanoma in or around the eye) is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce pigment. ...

  14. Líquido amniótico tópico: uma potencial nova alternativa para doenças da superfície ocular Topical amniotic fluid: a potential new alternative for ocular surface diseases

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    Guilherme Goulart Quinto

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available O líquido amniótico banha o feto durante a vida intra-uterina e está em contato permanente com a superfície ocular durante este importante período do desenvolvimento. Ele contém uma série de fatores de crescimento que podem ter diversos efeitos sobre o processo cicatricial. Estes fatores aceleram a recuperação da sensibilidade corneana e regeneração nervosa após procedimentos cerato-refrativos, além de controlar a formação de cicatriz e o equilíbrio da superfície ocular após sua aplicação tópica. Centenas de diferentes proteínas têm sido identificadas no líquido amniótico humano e o papel de cada uma continua desconhecido. Os resultados obtidos até o momento sobre a aplicação de líquido amniótico em doenças de superfície ocular sugerem uma terapia promissora. Pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para identificar os efeitos dos fatores específicos do líquido amniótico sobre a inflamação ocular. O objetivo desta revisão é relatar as propriedades e utilizações atuais do líquido amniótico, bem como apresentar os recentes estudos relacionados ao uso deste líquido e doenças da superfície ocular.Amniotic fluid bathes the fetus during intrauterine life and is in permanent contact with the fetal ocular surface in this important period of development. It contains a series of growth factors that may have multiple effects on the wound healing process. These factors are thought to accelerate the recovery of corneal sensitivity and nerve regeneration after keratorefractive procedures, and also may control scar formation and balance the ocular surface after topical application. Hundreds of different proteins have been identified in the human amniotic fluid, and the role of each still not quite understood. The outcomes obtained so far with amniotic fluid application to ocular surface diseases suggest a promising therapy. Research is underway to identify the effects of specific factors of the amniotic fluid in ocular

  15. Conjuntivite em animais de companhia

    OpenAIRE

    Gonçalves, Mariana Inês Pereira Coelho

    2015-01-01

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, Ciências Veterinárias A conjuntivite é a doença ocular mais frequentemente diagnosticada em Medicina Veterinária, tanto em cães como em gatos. O facto de a conjuntiva ser uma membrana mucosa tão exposta a agentes externos faz com que esteja bastante suscetível a sofrer lesões, com consequente inflamação. Nesta dissertação abordam-se os diferentes tipos de conjuntivite, que são classificados de acordo com a sua etiologia. No Hospita...

  16. Avaliação ocular multimodal em doenças heredodistróficas e degenerativas da retina Multimodal fundus imaging in heredodystrophic and degenerative diseases of the retina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniela Cavalcanti Ferrara

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available A tomografia de coerência óptica incorporou-se gradativamente ao contemporâneo arsenal diagnóstico em Oftalmologia, passando a exercer papel fundamental na investigação e condução de doenças oculares, particularmente na especialidade de Retina e Vítreo. A disponibilização comercial da nova geração de aparelhos, chamada de tomografia de coerência óptica "espectral", baseada em conceito físico distinto que permite a aquisição de imagens em alta velocidade, marcou o início de uma nova era desta tecnologia de investigação auxiliar. Adicionalmente, sua recente combinação com o oftalmoscópio de varredura a laser confocal (confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope vem propiciando a aquisição de imagens tomográficas guiadas em tempo real pelos diferentes modos de imagem (autofluorescência de fundo, reflectância com luz "infravermelha" e angiografia com fluoresceína ou indocianina verde. A avaliação ocular multimodal (multimodal fundus imaging permite a correlação real e minuciosa de achados da morfologia retiniana e do epitélio pigmentar com dados de estudos angiográficos e de autofluorescência ou reflectância, propiciando assim inferências valiosas sobre a fisiologia do tecido. Neste artigo, discutimos brevemente as possíveis implicações da avaliação ocular multimodal na prática da especialidade de Retina e Vítreo.Optical coherence tomography was progressively incorporated to the contemporary diagnostic arsenal in Ophthalmology, playing a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of eye diseases, particularly in the specialty of retina and vitreous. The commercial availability of the new generation of devices, coined "spectral" optical coherence tomography, which is based in a distinct physical concept that permits high-speed image acquisition, launched a new era for this investigative ancillary tool. In addition, the recent combination of this new technology with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope

  17. Miopatia ocular descendente Descending ocular myopathy: a case report

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    Marcos R. G. de Freitas

    1975-06-01

    Full Text Available Os autores apresentam caso de paciente jovem, do sexo feminino, com afecção muscular primária ocular e faríngea sem caráter familial. Foram feitos estudos eletromiográficos e histopatológicos musculares que confirmam o caráter miogênico do processo. É feita comparação entre a miopatia ocular e a miopatia ocular descendente, acreditando os autores que seriam variantesThe case of a 23 years old female patient, with primary involvement of the extraocular and faringeal muscles without familiar history is reported. Electromyographic and muscular biopsy studies proved the myogenic nature of the process. A clinical comparison between the ocular myopathy and the descending ocular myopathy is made, the authors thinking that both of them would be variants of the same muscle disease.

  18. Enfermeiro Clinico Especialista: um modelo de pratica avancada de enfermagem em oncologia pediatrica no Brasil

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    Carla goncalves Dias

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de implantação do modelo de prática avançada de enfermagem por meio da incorporação do enfermeiro clínico especialista na composição do quadro de enfermagem. As autoras apresentam o conceito desse modelo e descrevem seu processo de implantação em uma instituição de referência no cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com câncer da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Na avaliação das enfermeiras clínicas especialistas, o principal resultado obtido com a adoção do modelo refere-se ao fortalecimento do papel do enfermeiro como profissional de referência para a articulação das diferentes demandas de cuidado à criança, ao adolescente e ao adulto jovem com câncer e sua família. Também destacam a satisfação dos usuários com o estreitamento da relação paciente, família e enfermeira clínica, em todas as etapas do processo de cuidar.

  19. INTRAOCULAR TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR IN A DOG TUMOR VENÉREO TRANSMISSÍVEL INTRA-OCULAR EM CÃO

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    Geórgia Nadalini Rodrigues

    2001-02-01

    , caracterizados por células redondas com núcleo grande e nucléolo proeminente localizado centralmente. O citoplasma apresentou-se pálido e com presença de vacúolos pequenos e arredondados. O diagnóstico de TVT com acometimento intra-ocular e metástases em linfonodos foi baseado nos achados clínicos, citológicos e histopatológicos.

  20. Crotoxin in humans: analysis of the effects on extraocular and facial muscles Crotoxina em humanos: estudo da ação em músculos extraoculares e faciais

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    Geraldo de Barros Ribeiro

    2012-12-01

    é-sináptico. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a capacidade da crotoxina em induzir paralisia transitória de músculos extraoculares e faciais em seres humanos. MÉTODOS: As doses utilizadas de crotoxina foram de 2 a 5 unidades (U, sendo que cada unidade correspondia a uma DL-50. Na primeira etapa, aplicou-se 2U de crotoxina em músculos extraoculares de 3 indivíduos amauróticos, candidatos à evisceração. Na segunda etapa, realizaram-se 12 aplicações de crotoxina em músculos extraoculares de 9 indivíduos estrábicos e amblíopes. Na terceira e última etapa, utilizou-se a crotoxina para o tratamento do blefaroespasmo essencial em 3 indivíduos. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente demonstrou qualquer efeito sistêmico ou alteração da visão ou de qualquer estrutura ocular. O único efeito local adverso foi hiperemia conjuntival, que melhorou espontaneamente. Em 2 pacientes não houve alteração do desvio ocular após a aplicação de 2U de crotoxina. Observou-se em 8 das 12 aplicações, limitação do movimento ocular no campo de ação do músculo aplicado. A diminuição do desvio ocular com 2U crotoxina (9 aplicações foi em média de 15,7 dioptrias prismáticas (DP; na dosagem de 4U (2 aplicações foi em média de 37,5 DP e na única aplicação de 5U, obteve-se redução de 16 DP no desvio ocular. A alteração do alinhamento ocular manteve-se por 1 a 3 meses. Dois dos 3 pacientes portadores de blefaroespasmo apresentaram melhora dos espasmos hemifacias, os quais voltaram após 2 meses. CONCLUSÕES: Através dos resultados observados neste estudo, acreditamos que a crotoxina possa ser útil no tratamento do estrabismo e do blefaroespasmo. Novos estudos precisam ser realizados para confirmar a eficácia e a segurança da crotoxina como opção terapêutica para diversas áreas da medicina que atualmente utilizam a toxina botulínica.

  1. Cluster bomb ocular injuries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mansour, Ahmad M; Hamade, Haya; Ghaddar, Ayman; Mokadem, Ahmad Samih; El Hajj Ali, Mohamad; Awwad, Shady

    2012-01-01

    To present the visual outcomes and ocular sequelae of victims of cluster bombs. This retrospective, multicenter case series of ocular injury due to cluster bombs was conducted for 3 years after the war in South Lebanon (July 2006). Data were gathered from the reports to the Information Management System for Mine Action. There were 308 victims of clusters bombs; 36 individuals were killed, of which 2 received ocular lacerations and; 272 individuals were injured with 18 receiving ocular injury. These 18 surviving individuals were assessed by the authors. Ocular injury occurred in 6.5% (20/308) of cluster bomb victims. Trauma to multiple organs occurred in 12 of 18 cases (67%) with ocular injury. Ocular findings included corneal or scleral lacerations (16 eyes), corneal foreign bodies (9 eyes), corneal decompensation (2 eyes), ruptured cataract (6 eyes), and intravitreal foreign bodies (10 eyes). The corneas of one patient had extreme attenuation of the endothelium. Ocular injury occurred in 6.5% of cluster bomb victims and 67% of the patients with ocular injury sustained trauma to multiple organs. Visual morbidity in civilians is an additional reason for a global ban on the use of cluster bombs.

  2. Anomalias oculares e características genéticas na síndrome de Marfan

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    Sallum Juliana Maria Ferraz

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Para se identificar as alterações oculares presentes na síndrome de Marfan, este trabalho apresenta a avaliação oftalmológica de 46 indivíduos portadores desta doença. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo com avaliação clínica de 46 pacientes portadores de síndrome de Marfan com avaliação oftalmológica completa. Dezessete pacientes também foram submetidos a exame genético clínico e estudo molecular. Resultados: Dos quarenta e seis pacientes incluídos neste estudo, as seguintes alterações oculares foram encontradas com maior freqüência: subluxação do cristalino (67,3%, hipoplasia de íris (23,9%, descolamento de retina (7,6%, córnea plana (2,2%, megalocórnea (2,2% e miopia ou astigmatismo miópico (34,8%. Cinco pacientes (10,9% apresentaram exame ocular normal em ambos os olhos. Detectou-se uma mutação patogênica distinta das relatadas na literatura em uma paciente, uma mutação de sentido trocado que ocorreu no éxon 28 levando à mudança de aminoácido C1166Y. Conclusões: As alterações oculares da síndrome de Marfan são freqüentes e o conhecimento do gene responsável FBN-1 e de sua expressão no olho auxiliam para o diagnóstico e tratamento destas anomalias.

  3. Ocular TRUST: nationwide antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in ocular isolates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Asbell, Penny A; Colby, Kathryn A; Deng, Sophie; McDonnell, Peter; Meisler, David M; Raizman, Michael B; Sheppard, John D; Sahm, Daniel F

    2008-06-01

    Ocular Tracking Resistance in U.S. Today (TRUST) annually evaluates in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, penicillin, azithromycin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B in national samples of ocular isolates. Laboratory investigation. Prospectively collected ocular isolates (197 S. aureus, 49 S. pneumoniae, and 32 H. influenzae) from 35 institutions and archived ocular isolates (760 S. pneumoniae and 356 H. influenzae) from 34 institutions were tested by an independent, central laboratory. Mean minimum inhibitory concentrations that would inhibit growth of 90% of the tested isolates (MIC(90)) were interpreted as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant according to standardized breakpoints for systemic treatment. S. aureus isolates were classified as methicillin susceptible (MSSA) or methicillin resistant (MRSA). MSSA or MRSA susceptibility patterns were virtually identical for the fluoroquinolones, that is, MSSA susceptibility was 79.9% to 81.1% and MRSA susceptibility was 15.2%. Trimethoprim was the only agent tested with high activity against MRSA. All S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; 89.8% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. H. influenzae isolates were 100% susceptible to all tested agents but trimethoprim. Ocular TRUST 1 data were consistent with the eight-year longitudinal sample of archived ocular isolates. The fluoroquinolones were consistently active in MSSA, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. After more than a decade of intensive ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin use as systemic therapy, 100% of ocular S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin was less than 15%. High-level in vitro MRSA resistance suggests the need to consider alternative therapy to fluoroquinolones when MRSA is a

  4. OCULAR ASPECTS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OCULAR MYOPATHY

    OpenAIRE

    Mallika O. U; Suma Job

    2017-01-01

    BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism can result in ocular manifestations even before systemic signs and symptoms develop. It is seen more in females and severe forms are more common in males. Early detection of ocular involvement can prevent vision threatening complications and troublesome discomforts affecting quality of vision. This clinical study highlights the importance of detailed ocular examination in hyperthyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with ocu...

  5. Efeitos da injeção subtenoniana posterior de corticóide em pacientes com uveíte

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    Finamor Luciana Peixoto

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar os efeitos da injeção subtenoniana posterior de corticóide (ISPC sobre a pressão intra-ocular (Po e acuidade visual em uma série de pacientes com uveíte. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 18 pacientes que foram submetidos à injeção subtenoniana posterior de acetato de triancinolona (Kenalog® 40 mg - 9 pacientes, 14 injeções ou acetato de metilprednisolona (Depomedrol® 40mg - 9 pacientes, 15 injeções para tratamento de inflamação intra-ocular crônica e/ou edema macular cistóide. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual final melhorou em 92% dos pacientes após a primeira injeção periocular de corticóide. Cinqüenta por cento melhoraram 1 linha e 42% melhoraram pelo menos 3 linhas, sendo que o tempo médio para a melhora foi de 3 semanas. Aumento da pressão intra-ocular ocorreu em 44 % dos pacientes (8 pacientes com média de 31 mmHg, variando de 21 a 38 mmHg. O aumento da pressão intra-ocular foi mais freqüente nos pacientes jovens e nos que receberam Kenalog®, com início, em média, após 2,5 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: Ainjeção subtenoniana de corticóide é uma forma de tratamento eficaz para a baixa acuidade visual secundária a alguns tipos de uveíte, como uveíte intermediária, doença de Behçet, síndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, vasculite retiniana e artrite reumatóide. Porém, pode induzir aumento da pressão intra-ocular em alguns pacientes, especialmente em crianças e jovens.

  6. Ocular lesions and experimental choline deficiency Lesiones oculares y deficiencia experimental de colina

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    Georgina P. Ossani

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one of them were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline-supplemented diet ad libitum. Animals from both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution light microscopy and the study of the retina as "rétine a plat". Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Choline-supplemented rats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only choline-deficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras and ciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r=0.72, pEstudios previos han demostrado hemorragia ocular en ratas deficientes en colina. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la relación entre las alteraciones oculares, renales y bioquímicas en ratas deficientes en colina. Cincuenta y una ratas Wistar macho recién destetadas fueron divididas en dos grupos: treinta y una fueron alimentadas con una dieta colino deficiente y el resto con colina suplementada ad-libitum. Los animales de ambos grupos fueron sacrificados entre el quinto y el octavo día. Se midió la concentración de urea, creatinina y homocisteína en sangre. Los ojos fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz, microscopía óptica de alta resolución y para el estudio de la retina como retina plana. Los riñones fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz. Las ratas suplementadas con colina no

  7. Correção das aberrações oculares nos retratamentos de LASIK personalizado e convencional Correction of ocular aberrations in custom and standard LASIK retreatments

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    Andréia Peltier Urbano

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar a correção das aberrações oculares nos retratamentos de LASIK personalizado e convencional. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, de 74 olhos de 37 pacientes submetidos ao retratamento de LASIK para correção de miopia e astigmatismo. Cada paciente foi submetido ao retratamento de LASIK personalizado Zyoptix (Bausch & Lomb em um olho e convencional Planoscan (Bausch & Lomb no olho contralateral. Foi comparada a correção das aberrações oculares nos retratamentos personalizado e convencional. RESULTADOS: No sexto mês pós-operatório, os olhos submetidos ao retratamento Zyoptix apresentaram diminuição estatisticamente significativa do defocus, astigmatismo, coma, aberração esférica, segunda ordem, terceira ordem, alta ordem e aberrações totais. Os olhos submetidos ao retratamento Planoscan apresentaram diminuição estatisticamente significativa do defocus, segunda ordem e aberrações totais. CONCLUSÕES: O retratamento personalizado foi superior ao retratamento convencional para a correção das aberrações oculares de baixa e alta ordens.PURPOSE: To compare the correction of ocular aberrations between custom and standard LASIK retreatment. METHODS: Prospective, randomized trial with paired eye control of 74 eyes from 37 patients who underwent LASIK retreatment. Each patient underwent retreatment using Zyoptix LASIK (Bausch & Lomb in 1 eye and Planoscan LASIK (Bausch & Lomb in the fellow eye. Correction of ocular aberrations was compared between custom and standard LASIK retreatments. RESULTS: At 6 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in defocus, astigmatism, coma, spherical aberration, second, third, higher-order and total aberration in Zyoptix eyes. There was a statistically significant reduction in defocus, second-order and total aberration in Planoscan eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Custom retreatment was statistically superior than standard retreatment for correction of lower

  8. Facoemulsificação, vitrectomia via pars plana e implante de lente intra-ocular em olhos com retinopatia diabética proliferativa Phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular lens implant in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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    Armando Belfort Mattos

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de facoemulsificação para a extração da catarata com implante de lente intra-ocular combinada à vitrectomia via pars plana em olhos com retinopatia diabética proliferativa, em um único procedimento cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de 47 pacientes (53 olhos com retinopatia diabética proliferativa e catarata que foram submetidos ao procedimento combinado de vitrectomia via pars plana, facoemulsificação e implante de lente intra-ocular no mesmo ato cirúrgico, entre janeiro de 1991 e setembro de 1998 no Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, hospital de olhos filiado à Universidade de Miami. O estudo foi realizado em conjunto com a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo 43 olhos de 40 pacientes. RESULTADOS: O tempo de seguimento variou de três a 60 meses com média de 20 meses. A idade dos pacientes variou de 37 a 77 anos com média de 59 anos. A acuidade visual melhorou duas linhas ou mais em relação ao pré-operatório em 26 (60,4% olhos, permaneceu a mesma em 9 (20,9% e piorou em 8 (18,6%. Em (23,2% 10 olhos a acuidade visual aumentou para 20/40. O teste estatístico chamado de "teste do sinal" mostrou-se estatisticamente significante na melhora da acuidade visual final. A complicação mais observada foi a hemorragia vítrea recorrente, ocorrendo em 12 (27,9% olhos, seguida pela inflamação transitória da câmara anterior em 9 olhos (20,9%. Complicações intra-operatórias relacionadas à extração do cristalino foram raras. No pós-operatório observaram-se captura da lente intra-ocular em 2 (4,6 % olhos e lente intra-ocular subluxada em 1 (2,3% olho. CONCLUSÕES: A cirurgia combinada de facoemulsificação, implante de lente intra-ocular e vitrectomia via pars plana em olhos com retinopatia diabética é procedimento bem tolerado e geralmente apresenta bons resultados com relação à acuidade visual. Um único procedimento para remover a catarata e

  9. Leucemia linfoblástica aguda em lactentes: 20 anos de experiência

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    Amanda Ibagy

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar pacientes com menos de dois anos de idade com leucemia linfoblástica aguda atendidos no período de 1990 a 2010, em um centro de referência estadual. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico, epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo e observacional. Pacientes incluídos tinham menos de dois anos de idade, com leucemia linfoblástica aguda, tratados no período de 1990 a 2010 na unidade de oncologia pediátrica de um centro de referência estadual, totalizando 41 casos. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes eram Caucasianos e 60,9% eram do sexo feminino. Com relação à idade, 24,38% tinham menos de seis meses, 17,07% tinham entre seis meses e um ano e 58,53% mais do que um ano de idade. A idade de seis meses foi estatisticamente significante para o desfecho de óbito. Os sinais e sintomas predominantes foram febre, hematomas e petéquias. Uma contagem de leucócitos superior a 100.000 foi observada em 34,14% dos casos; hemoglobina inferior a 11 em 95,13% e contagem de plaquetas inferior a 100.000, em 75,61% dos casos. Infiltração do sistema nervoso central estava presente em 12,91% dos pacientes. Em relação à linhagem, a linhagem B predominou (73%, mas a linhagem de células T foi estatisticamente significativa para o óbito. Trinta e nove por cento dos pacientes tiveram recorrência da doença. Em relação ao estado vital, 70,73% dos pacientes morreram, sendo choque séptico a principal causa. CONCLUSÕES: leucemia linfoblástica aguda em crianças tem uma alta taxa de mortalidade, principalmente em crianças menores de um ano e linhagem derivada de células T.

  10. X-linked ocular albinism in Blacks. Ocular albinism cum pigmento.

    Science.gov (United States)

    O'Donnell, F E; Green, W R; Fleischman, J A; Hambrick, G W

    1978-07-01

    X-linked ocular albinism can be an unsuspected cause of congenital nystagmus in blacks. In this study, eight of ten black ocular albinos from two kindreds had nonalbinotic, moderately pigmented fundi and no transillumination of the iris. We refer to this paradoxical condition as "ocular albinism cum pigmento." The only constant ophthalmoscopic feature was a foveal hypoplasia. Biopsy of clinically normal skin to demonstrate giant pigment granules is the most accurate means of diagnosis.

  11. Variações no posicionamento dos eixos visuais em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de estrabismo

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    Graciela Scalco Brum

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Determinar as variações no ângulo de posicionamento ocular pós-operatório em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias para correção de estrabismo e identificar possíveis fatores de risco associados a tal ocorrência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 819 pacientes portadores de estrabismo submetidos à cirurgia para correção do desvio ocular entre janeiro de 1995 e dezembro de 2005 no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes foram divididos em quatro grupos quanto ao tipo de desvio pré-operatório (esotropia alternante, esotropia monocular, exotropia alternante e exotropia monocular e as variações no posicionamento ocular foram quantificadas em cada grupo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de variações no posicionamento ocular (pós-operatório maiores que 10∆ entre o total de pacientes estudado foi de 33,5% (274 pacientes. Entre estes, foi verificada maior frequência de desvios no sentido exotrópico (178 pacientes ou 65,0% do que no sentido esotrópico (96 pacientes ou 35,0%, diferença esta que foi estatisticamente significativa (teste do qui-quadrado; p<0,001. CONCLUSÕES: Instabilidade no posicionamento ocular pode ocorrer ao longo do tempo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de estrabismo. Tal ocorrência reforça a necessidade do desenvolvimento de alternativas terapêuticas a fim de proporcionar maior estabilidade ao sistema oculomotor no pós-operatório de cirurgias de estrabismo.

  12. Dosimetry on ocular brachytherapy with ROPES plaque with Iodine-125 and Palladium-103 seeds; Dosimetria em braquiterapia ocular com placa ROPES contendo sementes de iodo-125 e paladium-103

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mourao, Arnaldo P. [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Nucleo de Engenharia Hospitalar], e-mail: aprata@des.cefetmg.br; Campos, Tarcisio P.R. [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias e Tecnicas Nucleares

    2010-03-15

    Radiotherapy is an alternative to ocular enucleation. However, the irradiation of ocular region can bring deleterious effects due to the high doses, mainly in the lens, retina and in the bone structures in growth phase. Brachytherapy instead of teletherapy looks for departuring absorbed doses in tumor minimizing doses in the lens and the adjacent tissues of the eyeball (orbital region), avoiding deleterious effects. Thus, a three-dimensional computational model of ocular area was developed to simulate orbital irradiation with ROPES ophthalmologic plaque placed on the sclera surface filled to ten iodine-125 seeds, and palladium-103 seeds. Simulations are performed on the MCNP5 code. The computational simulation allows evaluating how the dose rates are spatially distributed in the orbital volume. The results are normalized to 100% at the maximum dose on the tumor base, and by the applied source activity. The maximum dose is found onto the eyeball, in the vitreous. The present model represents an advance in simulating and predicting absorbed dose on ocular brachytherapy. (author)

  13. The Relationship Between Ocular Itch, Ocular Pain, and Dry Eye Symptoms (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galor, Anat; Small, Leslie; Feuer, William; Levitt, Roy C; Sarantopoulos, Konstantinos D; Yosipovitch, Gil

    2017-08-01

    To evaluate associations between sensations of ocular itch and dry eye (DE) symptoms, including ocular pain, and DE signs. A cross-sectional study of 324 patients seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic was performed. The evaluation consisted of questionnaires regarding ocular itch, DE symptoms, descriptors of neuropathic-like ocular pain (NOP), and evoked pain sensitivity testing on the forehead and forearm, followed by a comprehensive ocular surface examination including corneal mechanical sensitivity testing. Analyses were performed to examine for differences between those with and without subjective complaints of ocular itch. The mean age was 62 years with 92% being male. Symptoms of DE and NOP were more frequent in patients with moderate-severe ocular itch compared to those with no or mild ocular itch symptoms. With the exception of ocular surface inflammation (abnormal matrix metalloproteinase 9 testing) which was less common in those with moderate-severe ocular itch symptoms, DE signs were not related to ocular itch. Individuals with moderate-severe ocular itch also demonstrated greater sensitivity to evoked pain on the forearm and had higher non-ocular pain, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders scores, compared to those with no or mild itch symptoms. Subjects with moderate-severe ocular itch symptoms have more severe symptoms of DE, NOP, non-ocular pain and demonstrate abnormal somatosensory testing in the form of increased sensitivity to evoked pain at a site remote from the eye, consistent with generalized hypersensitivity.

  14. Ocular Sarcoidosis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pasadhika, Sirichai; Rosenbaum, James T

    2015-01-01

    Sarcoidosis is one of the leading causes of inflammatory eye disease. Ocular sarcoidosis can involve any part of the eye and its adnexal tissues, and may cause uveitis, episcleritis/scleritis, eyelid abnormalities, conjunctival granuloma, optic neuropathy, lacrimal gland enlargement and orbital inflammation. Glaucoma and cataract can be complications from inflammation itself or adverse effects from therapy. Ophthalmic manifestations can be isolated, or associated with other organ involvement. Patients with ocular sarcoidosis can present with a wide range of clinical presentations and severity. Multi-disciplinary approaches are required to achieve the best treatment outcomes for both ocular and systemic manifestations. PMID:26593141

  15. Pneumonia Organizativa Fibrinosa Aguda Induzida pelo Rituximab: Uma Entidade a (Reconhecer

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    Alexandra Couto

    2017-10-01

    Dada a utilização crescente de terapêuticas-alvo em oncologia, o presente caso pretende contribuir para o reconhecimento desta entidade como potencial evento adverso. Recebido: 07/06/2017 - Aceite: 30/08/2017

  16. Trauma ocular aberto: características de casos atendidos no complexo Hospitalar Padre Bento de Guarulhos Ocular open trauma: characteristics of admitted cases at the Padre Bento Hospital of Guarulhos, SP

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    Mônica Weyll

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Estudos em centros oftalmológicos têm sido realizados com a finalidade de decifrar as principais causas e características epidemiológicas do trauma ocular. Nestes estudos observa-se uma variação na distribuição epidemiológica do trauma ocular e uma carência na educação e conscientização da sociedade sobre as medidas preventivas no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a incidência do trauma ocular aberto no serviço de emergência do Complexo Hospitalar Padre Bento de Guarulhos. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo transversal descritivo realizado no período de setembro de 2003 a abril de 2004. Foram incluídos no trabalho, todos os pacientes atendidos no PS de Oftalmologia com diagnóstico de trauma ocular aberto. Foram obtidos alguns dados sobre o paciente: idade, sexo, profissão, uso de equipamento de trabalho, uso de óculos, uso de cinto de segurança, tipo de acidente, olho acometido, tempo decorrido até o primeiro atendimento oftalmológico e qual o primeiro local de atendimento. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 34,35 anos, sendo o sexo masculino o mais acometido (87%. O acidente automobilístico foi o mais freqüente. A baixa acuidade visual foi importante fator de procura precoce pelo serviço de emergência, sendo que 92,3% dos pacientes o fizeram em menos de 12 horas de decorrido o trauma. CONCLUSÃO: O trauma penetrante corneano foi o tipo de lesão ocular mais observado. Os pacientes mais acometidos são adultos jovens, do sexo masculino, vítimas de acidente automobilístico, sendo o olho direito o mais acometido. A complicação imediata mais observada foi a baixa acuidade visual.PURPOSE: This study tends to identify the incidence of ocular open trauma at the emergency service of the "Complexo Hospitalar Padre Bento of Guarulhos, SP". METHODS: It is a descriptive transversal study performed in a period of four months at the "Complexo Hospitalar Padre Bento". All patients admitted at the emergency

  17. Ceratoconjuntivite alérgica e complicações no segmento ocular anterior de pacientes Evaluation of anterior ocular segment complications in patients with allergic keratoconjunctivitis

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    Patrícia Bezerra de Menezes Botelho

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A alergia ocular é condição que pode ocasionar sintomas de coceira, ardor e lacrimejamento, podendo também ser ameaçadora para visão. A fisiopatologia envolve mecanismos de hipersensibilidade imunológica. Devido a fatores imunológicos, o segmento anterior destes pacientes está mais suscetível a alterações que ameaçam a acuidade visual, tais como: opacidades corneanas, ceratocone e catarata. MÉTODOS: Foram revistos, retrospectivamente, 186 pacientes com ceratoconjuntivite alérgica e selecionados pacientes que possuíam alterações de segmento anterior e acuidade visual menor ou igual a 0,6 corrigida em um ou ambos os olhos. A AV 0,6 foi escolhida aleatoriamente a fim de agrupar os pacientes. Estes pacientes foram analisados quanto à idade, sexo, tipo de alergia, tempo de aparecimento da doença (considerado como tempo de aparecimento de sintomas, tempo de latência (tempo que surgiu a complicação após o primeiro dia de atendimento, alterações sistêmicas, efeitos colaterais das drogas e complicações oculares. Estes pacientes não poderiam melhorar a AV com tratamento tópico e tinham acompanhamento mínimo de 3 meses. RESULTADOS: As alterações de segmento anterior que causaram AV menor ou igual a 0,6 (refração ou estenopeico sem possibilidade de melhora com medicação tópica foram: úlcera em escudo: 5 casos, catarata: 3 casos, opacidade corneana: 6 casos, perfuração ocular: 2 casos e ceratocone: 13 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com ceratoconjuntivite alérgica podem ter como principais causas de baixa acuidade visual alterações de segmento anterior, entre elas, opacidades corneanas, ceratocone e catarata.PURPOSE: To evaluate complications of allergic keratoconjuctivitis that caused reduction in visual acuity to 0.6 or less and that could not solve with clinic treatment. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 186 charts and selected patients with visual acuity less than 0.6 on Snellen chart, associated

  18. Estudo do estresse do enfermeiro com dupla jornada de trabalho em um hospital de oncologia pediátrica de Campinas Estudio del estrés del enfermero con doble jornada de trabajo en un hospital de oncologia pediátrica de Campinas Study on the stress over the nurse who works in two shifts at a pediatric oncology hospital in Campinas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta Cova Pafaro

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo que teve como objetivo investigar a presença e o nível de estresse emocional, os sintomas físicos e psicológicos, a intensidade do estresse e enfermeiros que fazem dupla jornada de trabalho comparados aos que não fazem, num hospital de oncologia pediátrica de Campinas. A população foi composta por 33 enfermeiros, sendo 24 em regime de dupla jornada e 9 em jornada única. Na metodologia foi utilizado o Inventario de Sintoma de Stress LIPP e a Escala Analógica Visual. Os resultados permitiram constatar que os enfermeiros classificados quanto as fases de estresse encontravam-se na fase de resistência, com referencia aos níveis de estresse os mesmos encontravam-se no nível médio de estresse, houve predominância dos sintomas psicológicos e os enfermeiros com dupla jornada estavam mais estressados em relação aos com jornada única.Se trata de un estudio que tuvo como objetivo investigar presencia y nivel de estrés emocional, síntomas físicos y psicológicos, intensidad del estrés y enfermeros que realizan doble jornada de trabajo comparados a los que no lo hacen, en un hospital de oncología pediátrica de Campinas. La población estuvo compuesta por 33 enfermeros, de los cuales 24 en régimen de doble jornada y 9 en jornada única. En la metodología fue utilizado el Inventario de Síntoma de Stress LIPP y la Escala Analógica Visual. Los resultados permitieron constatar que los enfermeros clasificados, en relación a las fases de estrés, se encontraban en la fase de resistencia; con referencia a los niveles de estrés los mismos se encontraban en el nivel medio de estrés; hubo predominio de los síntomas psicológicos y los enfermeros con doble jornada estaban más estresados que los de jornada única.This is a study that aimed investigating the presence and level of emotional stress, the physical and psychological symptoms, the intensity of stress and nurses who have two work shifts compared to the ones

  19. Promoção da saúde ocular e prevenção precoce de problemas visuais nos serviços de saúde pública

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    Ana Maria Girotti Sperandio

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em relação às ações básicas de saúde ocular de pediatras e enfermeiros de serviços de saúde pública. MÉTODO: A população estudada constituiu-se de pediatras e enfermeiros que trabalhavam nos centros de saúde do Município de Campinas, SP - Brasil, e atuavam com crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade. As informações sobre conhecimento, atitudes e práticas foram colhidas através de questionários (para os pediatras e de formulários (para os enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: A execução das ações básicas de saúde ocular em crianças não fazia parte da rotina de atividades dos pediatras e enfermeiros, provavelmente devido ao pouco conhecimento dessas ações. Dos 61 pediatras, 82,0% (50 e 91,0% dos 22 enfermeiros não souberam referir a idade em que se completa o desenvolvimento visual. Em relação à ambliopia, 86,8% (53 dos pediatras e 100,0% dos enfermeiros não souberam defini-la. CONCLUSÕES: A promoção da saúde ocular e a prevenção precoce de problemas visuais em crianças não representava uma prática constante desses profissionais vinculados aos serviços de saúde pública. Recomenda-se que se realize treinamentos e educação continuada na área de saúde ocular durante e após a formação universitária desses profissionais.

  20. Promoção da saúde ocular e prevenção precoce de problemas visuais nos serviços de saúde pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sperandio Ana Maria Girotti

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em relação às ações básicas de saúde ocular de pediatras e enfermeiros de serviços de saúde pública. MÉTODO: A população estudada constituiu-se de pediatras e enfermeiros que trabalhavam nos centros de saúde do Município de Campinas, SP - Brasil, e atuavam com crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade. As informações sobre conhecimento, atitudes e práticas foram colhidas através de questionários (para os pediatras e de formulários (para os enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: A execução das ações básicas de saúde ocular em crianças não fazia parte da rotina de atividades dos pediatras e enfermeiros, provavelmente devido ao pouco conhecimento dessas ações. Dos 61 pediatras, 82,0% (50 e 91,0% dos 22 enfermeiros não souberam referir a idade em que se completa o desenvolvimento visual. Em relação à ambliopia, 86,8% (53 dos pediatras e 100,0% dos enfermeiros não souberam defini-la. CONCLUSÕES: A promoção da saúde ocular e a prevenção precoce de problemas visuais em crianças não representava uma prática constante desses profissionais vinculados aos serviços de saúde pública. Recomenda-se que se realize treinamentos e educação continuada na área de saúde ocular durante e após a formação universitária desses profissionais.

  1. Miopatia ocular descendente

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    Marcos R. G. de Freitas

    1975-06-01

    Full Text Available Os autores apresentam caso de paciente jovem, do sexo feminino, com afecção muscular primária ocular e faríngea sem caráter familial. Foram feitos estudos eletromiográficos e histopatológicos musculares que confirmam o caráter miogênico do processo. É feita comparação entre a miopatia ocular e a miopatia ocular descendente, acreditando os autores que seriam variantes

  2. Systematic analysis of ocular trauma by a new proposed ocular trauma classification

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    Bhartendu Shukla

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: The current classification of ocular trauma does not incorporate adnexal trauma, injuries that are attributable to a nonmechanical cause and destructive globe injuries. This study proposes a new classification system of ocular trauma which is broader-based to allow for the classification of a wider range of ocular injuries not covered by the current classification. Methods: A clinic-based cross-sectional study to validate the proposed classification. We analyzed 535 cases of ocular injury from January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2012 over a 4-year period in an eye hospital in central India using our proposed classification system and compared it with conventional classification. Results: The new classification system allowed for classification of all 535 cases of ocular injury. The conventional classification was only able to classify 364 of the 535 trauma cases. Injuries involving the adnexa, nonmechanical injuries and destructive globe injuries could not be classified by the conventional classification, thus missing about 33% of cases. Conclusions: Our classification system shows an improvement over existing ocular trauma classification as it allows for the classification of all type of ocular injuries and will allow for better and specific prognostication. This system has the potential to aid communication between physicians and result in better patient care. It can also provide a more authentic, wide spectrum of ocular injuries in correlation with etiology. By including adnexal injuries and nonmechanical injuries, we have been able to classify all 535 cases of trauma. Otherwise, about 30% of cases would have been excluded from the study.

  3. Dosimetry on ocular brachytherapy with ROPE plaque with iodine{sub 1}25 and palladium-103;Dosimetria em braquiterapia ocular com placa ROPES contando sementes de iodo-125 e paladio-103

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mourao, Arnaldo P. [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica (CEFET/MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Nucleo de Engenharia Hospitalar; Campos, Tarcisio [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias e Tecnicas Nucleares

    2009-07-01

    Radiotherapy is an alternative to ocular enucleation. However, the irradiation of ocular region can bring deleterious effects due to the high doses, mainly in the lens, retina and in the bone structures in growth phase. Brachytherapy instead of teletherapy looks for departing absorbed doses in tumor minimizing doses in the lens and the adjacent tissues of the eyeball (orbital region), avoiding deleterious effects. Thus, a three-dimensional computational model of ocular area was developed to simulate orbital irradiation with ROPES ophthalmologic plaque placed on the sclera surface filled to ten iodine-125 seeds, and palladium-103 seeds. Simulations are performed on the MCNP5 code. The computational simulation allows evaluating how the dose rates are spatially distributed in the orbital volume. The results are normalized to 100% at the maximum dose on the tumor base, and by the applied source activity. The maximum dose is found onto the eyeball, in the vitreous. The present model represents an advance in simulating and predicting absorbed dose on ocular brachytherapy. (author)

  4. Ocular Straylight

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    Sigrid Mueller-Schotte OD, MSc

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Intra-ocular straylight can cause decreased visual functioning, and it may cause diminished vision-related quality of life (VRQOL. This cross-sectional population-based study investigates the association between straylight and VRQOL in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between straylight modeled continuously and cutoff at the recommended fitness-to-drive value, straylight ≥ 1.4 log(s, and VRQOL. The study showed that participants with normal straylight values, straylight ≤ 1.4 log(s, rated their VRQOL slightly better than those with high straylight values (straylight ≥ 1.4 log(s. Furthermore, multivariable regression analysis revealed a borderline statistical significant association ( p = .06 between intra-ocular straylight and self-reported VRQOL in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The association between straylight and self-reported VRQOL was not influenced by the status of the intra-ocular lens (natural vs. artificial intra-ocular lens after cataract extraction or the number of (instrumental activities of daily living that were reported as difficult for the elderly individuals.

  5. Paciente com proptose ocular associado a mucocele etmoidal: apresentação clínica e tratamento

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    Nayara Queiroz Cardoso Pinto

    Full Text Available Resumo Relato de um caso clínico de proptose ocular relacionado com mucocele etmoidal, o caso é raro e seu acometimento ocular não é comumente relacionado na literatura. Ressaltamos ainda sua apresentação clínica e o tratamento instituído. W.L.S, Paciente do sexo masculino, 27 anos procedente de Fortaleza-CE. Comparece ao ambulatório HUWC com queixa de baixa da acuidade visual percebida há 10 dias em olho direito (OD. Ao exame oftalmológico melhor acuidade visual corrigida de 20/200 OD e 20/20 olho esquerdo (OE, ausência de abdução e elevação do OD com ptose leve (distância margem reflexo 1-2 mm e diplopia ao olhar para direita. Proptose OD de aspecto axial de grau moderado (24mm. Biomicroscopia lâmpada de fenda sem alterações. Pressão intraocular: 18mmHg OD 12 mmHg OE. Fundo de olho: OD aspecto palidez discreta de disco, sem outras alterações e OE dentro da normalidade. Solicitada tomografia de crânio (TC que demonstrou presença de lesão arredondada em área do seio etmoidal penetrando parede óssea da órbita do OD sugestiva de mucocele etmoidal. Encaminhado para serviço de otorrinolaringologia do HUWC, sendo submetido a procedimento cirúrgico endoscópico etmoidectomia. Um mês após o procedimento cirúrgico a acuidade visual OD 20/25, movimentos oculares presentes e simétricos, ausência de diplopia e persistência de leve palidez em OD. Expansão da mucocele pode ocorrer ao longo de muitos anos ou rapidamente. Acometimento ocular com baixa da acuidade visual é incomum como primeiro sintoma, quando ocorre merece tratamento imediato. O tratamento cirúrgico é geralmente indicado no caso e deve ser instituído assim que possível para adequada recuperação visual.

  6. Tratamento conservador em retinoblastoma intra-ocular Conservative treatment for intraocular retinoblastoma

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    Clélia Maria Erwenne

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar os índices de conservação do globo ocular após tratamento com carboplatina e laser associados ou não a outras formas de tratamento local e radioterapia quando necessário. MÉTODO: Os olhos, virgens de qualquer tratamento, foram inicialmente estadiados, por oftalmoscopia indireta sob narcose ambulatorial, segundo Reese & Ellsworth e os pacientes submetidos à avaliação clínica por pediatra oncologista. Iniciou-se a administração do primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia com carboplatina 200 mg/m², vincristina 1,5 mg/m² e etoposida 150 mg/m² por via endovenosa em 3 dias. Seguiram-se outros ciclos sendo o intervalo entre eles de 21 a 28 dias. De 7 a 15 dias do término do ciclo de quimioterapia, nova oftalmoscopia indireta sob narcose ambulatorial era realizada com descrição dos achados e aplicação de hipertermia por laser Diodo 810 nm, pulso contínuo, e "large spot". O procedimento (quimioterapia e laser foi repetido até completa cicatrização total das lesões ou até que se observasse necessidade de outra modalidade terapêutica como a radioterapia ou a enucleação. Controles periódicos bimensais no primeiro ano e trimestrais nos seguintes foram realizados para reavaliação e tratamento de novas lesões ou recidivas. Acompanhamento clínico por oncologista pediatra foi realizado durante todo o tratamento e seguimento. RESULTADOS: Foram tratados 62 pacientes portadores de RB (32M/30F, 15 unilaterais e 47 bilaterais (total de 107 olhos. A média de idade foi 16,9 meses (2,6 a 71,4. Em 5 pacientes administrou-se 4 ciclos de quimioterapia, nos demais foram necessários mais que 4 e até 8 ciclos. Em 34 olhos não se pode evitar o uso de radioterapia. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 26,8 meses (5 a 60. Entre os bilaterais os índices de conservação, segundo os estádios de Reese & Ellsworth foram: I 10/11 (90,9%; II 8/9 (88,8%; III 10/10 (100,0%; IV 3/8 (37,5%; V 14/54 (25,9%. Considerando-se o total de

  7. Percepção da administração tópica ocular de drogas: aplicador facial x gotas

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    Arlindo José Freire Portes

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar por meio de questionário, qual o grau de dificuldade para aplicação tópica de medicações oculares, com ou sem o auxílio do apoio facial. Observar qual método foi tecnicamente melhor utilizado para aplicação de drogas tópicas oculares. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, realizado em 50 pacientes no decorrer de 2009 e 2010 na Unidade de Saúde da Família - Lapa. Foi utilizado um frasco de colírio Oftane® e o mesmo foi acoplado ao dispositivo de apoio facial. Cada participante aplicou em cada um dos olhos, a solução com ou sem o uso do dispositivo, sendo que a seleção foi feita através de um processo randomizado. Foi perguntado ao paciente questões pré-formuladas sobre a praticidade de ambos os métodos. RESULTADOS: Considerando o grau de dificuldade de administração tópica ocular: 12% acharam difícil ou muito difícil a aplicação com o objeto de apoio facial e 22% sem o apoio (p=0,0024. As dificuldades descritas pelos pacientes foram relatadas por 22 % dos pacientes para aplicação com o dispositivo de apoio facial e por 46% para aplicação sem o mesmo. Já 34% dos pacientes necessitaram de mais de uma instilação para aplicação do colírio sem o apoio, enquanto que 54% dos pacientes precisaram de mais de uma aplicação para que a gota atingisse o olho com o auxílio do apoio facial (p= 0,04. Em 56% dos pacientes houve toque da ponta do colírio com os tecidos oculares, quando o objeto de apoio facial não foi usado, porém quando ele foi utilizado, apenas 2% dos pacientes observados tocaram os tecidos oculares (p=0,0001. CONCLUSÃO: É mais fácil a instilação de colírios com o auxílio do dispositivo de apoio facial. Este também dificulta o contato da ponta do frasco com os tecidos oculares, prevenindo a contaminação do frasco.

  8. Avaliação quantitativa das dimensões óculo-palpebrais em portadores de cavidade anoftálmica em uso de prótese ocular externa Quantitative eyelid evaluation of anophthalmic cavity carriers with external ocular prosthesis

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    Rodrigo Ueno Takahagi

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o posicionamento palpebral em portadores de cavidade anoftálmica com e sem prótese ocular externa, utilizando o processamento de imagem digital. MÉTODOS: Dezoito pacientes foram avaliados qualitativa e quantitativamente na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, com e sem a prótese externa. Usando imagens obtidas por filmadora e processadas usando o programa Scion Image, mediu-se a altura do sulco palpebral superior, a altura da fenda palpebral e os ângulos palpebrais dos cantos interno e externo. RESULTADOS: Pseudo-estrabismo e sulco palpebral superior profundo foram as alterações mais freqüentes ao exame externo. Houve diferença significativa em todas as variáveis estudadas, com diminuição da altura do sulco palpebral superior, aumento da área da fenda palpebral e aumento dos ângulos palpebrais interno e externo quando o paciente estava usando a prótese externa. CONCLUSÃO: Todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram algum tipo de anormalidade órbito-palpebral, o que reflete a dificuldade em se proporcionar ao portador de cavidade anoftálmica um aspecto idêntico ao que existe na órbita normal. O processamento de imagens digitais permitiu avaliação objetiva das dimensões óculo-palpebrais, o que poderá contribuir nas avaliações seqüenciais dos portadores de cavidade anoftálmica.PURPOSE: The authors intend to evaluate the eyelid position before and after the external prosthesis adaptation, using digital image processing techniques. METHODS: Eighteen patients were evaluated at the "Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP", with and without the external prosthesis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were done using the Scion Image program. The superior eyelid sulcus distance, margin eyelid distance and eyelid medial and lateral canthus angles were evaluated. RESULTS: Pseudostrabismus and high eyelid sulcus were the most observed

  9. Tumor ocular metastásico Metastatic ocular tumor

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    Martha G Domínguez Expósito

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available El carcinoma metastásico del ojo es considerado la neoplasia maligna que más frecuente se encuentra de forma intraocular. Solo cerca del 10 % de las personas que tienen una o más lesiones metastásicas intraoculares son detectadas clínicamente antes de la muerte. A menudo, el carcinoma metastásico ocular es diagnosticado por el oftalmólogo ante la presencia de síntomas oculares. Las lesiones están localizadas con preferencia en coroides. Nos motivo a realizar la presentación de este caso la presencia de lesiones intraoculares múltiples tumorales metastásicos en un paciente cuyo síntoma de presentación fue la disminución de la agudeza visualThe eye metastatic carcinoma is considered the most frequently found intraocular malignant neoplasia. Only 10 % of the persons with one or more metastatic intraocular injuries are clinically detected before death. The metastatic ocular carcinoma is often diagnosed by the ophthalmologist in the presence of ocular symptoms. The injuries are preferably located in the choroid. The appearance of multiple metastatic intraaocular tumoral injuries in a patient whose chief complaint was the reduction of visual acuity motivated us to presente this case

  10. The pediatric patient at a maxillofacial service: eye prosthesis O paciente pediátrico em um serviço de prótese bucomaxilofacial: prótese ocular

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    Beatriz Silva Câmara Mattos

    2006-09-01

    comprometem o desenvolvimento normal da região orbitária. A literatura relacionada à etiologia congênita ou adquirida, devido a trauma ou doença, demonstra a necessidade da prevenção e da detecção precoce para minimizar as seqüelas e os distúrbios de crescimento orbital. A reabilitação implica a instalação de uma prótese ocular visando favorecer o desenvolvimento harmonioso da região. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil do paciente infantil foi realizado um levantamento junto ao Setor de Prótese Ocular do Ambulatório da Disciplina de Prótese Bucomaxilofacial da FOUSP abrangendo o período de 1988 a 2003. As 124 (14,02% crianças registradas encontravam-se distribuídas em 64 (51,62% na faixa etária de 0 a 7 anos e 60 (48,38% na de 8 a 13 anos de idade, sendo 59 meninas e 65 meninos. A análise estatística revelou que a variação das ocorrências dos gêneros masculino e feminino nas faixas etárias não é significante (p = 0.069. Entretanto, a etiologia da perda variou segundo as faixas etárias consideradas, com um nível de significância de 0,01, apresentando uma maior prevalência de distúrbios congênitos e patológicos na faixa etária mais jovem e trauma na mais velha. A etiologia alterou-se de acordo com os gêneros com uma significância de 0,05, tendo as meninas apresentado três vezes menos trauma que os meninos na faixa etária mais velha. A necessidade de tratamento protético apresentou-se igualmente distribuída ao longo da infância e as perdas oculares que implicam reabilitação protética ocorreram igualmente nos gêneros masculino e feminino. Entretanto, a etiologia da perda ocular variou em função do gênero e da faixa etária considerada.

  11. Alergia ocular: un reto diagnóstico Ocular allergy: a diagnostic challenge

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    Ricardo Cardona Villa

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available El ojo es uno de los órganos más sensibles y está permanentemente expuesto a diversos agentes ambientales. Dado que la conjuntiva es un tejido inmunológicamente activo, no es sorprendente que sea un sitio común de respuestas alérgicas. Las alergias oculares son un grupo de enfermedades que afectan la superficie conjuntival y están asociadas usualmente a reacciones de hipersensibilidad tipo 1. Pueden ser divididas en varias categorías: conjuntivitis alérgica estacional, conjuntivitis alérgica perenne, queratoconjuntivitis vernal y queratoconjuntivitis atópica. La inflamación de la superficie ocular produce prurito, lagrimeo, edema conjuntival y fotofobia. Como en otras enfermedades alérgicas, se puede desarrollar una condición crónica, acompañada de remodelación de los tejidos oculares. Las estrategias para el tratamiento de la alergia ocular han aumentado exponencialmente y los clínicos disponen de un inventario cada vez mayor de agentes dirigidos a la protección del ojo contra la inflamación. En este trabajo presentamos una revisión sobre las principales formas de alergia ocular, haciendo énfasis en el cuadro clínico, el diagnóstico y las nuevas opciones terapéuticas disponibles en la actualidad. The eye, one of the most sensitive organs, is permanently exposed to different environmental agents. Since the conjunctiva is an immunologically active tissue, it is not surprising for it to be a common site for allergic responses. Ocular allergies constitute a group of diseases affecting the conjunctival surface; they are usually associated with type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. This disorder can be divided into several categories: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Ocular surface inflammation results in itching, tearing, conjunctival edema, and photophobia. As is the case with other allergic diseases, a chronic situation can also

  12. Study of ocular aberrations with age Estudo das aberrações oculares e idade

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    Helaine Vinche Zampar Athaide

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Aging has various effects on visual system. Vision deteriorate, contrast sensitivity decreases and ocular aberrations apparently make the optical quality worse across the years. PURPOSE: To prospective evaluate ocular aberrations along the ages. METHODS: Three hundred and fifteen patients were examined, 155 were male (39.36% and 160 were female (60.63%. Ages ranged from 5 to 64 year-old, the study was performed from February to November, 2004. Patients were divided into 4 age-groups according to IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística classification: 68 patients from 5 to 14 year-old, 55 patients from 15 to 24 year-old, 116 from 25 to 44 year-old and 76 from 45 to 67 year-old. All patients had the following characteristics: best corrected visual acuity > 20/25, emmetropia or spherical equivalent INTRODUÇÃO: A idade afeta o sistema visual. A qualidade da visão se deteriora progressivamente com a idade, a sensibilidade ao contraste diminui e as aberrações oculares aumentam contribuindo para a piora da qualidade visual. OBJETIVO: Estudar prospectivamente as aberrações oculares entre as idades de 5 a 64 anos. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 315 pacientes, 155 homens (39,36% e 160 mulheres (60,63% com idades entre 5 a 64 anos. O estudo foi realizado entre fevereiro a novembro de 2004. Os pacientes foram divididos em quatro grupos etários de acordo com a classificação do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística: 68 pacientes entre 5 a 14 anos, 55 pacientes entre 15 a 24 anos, 116 pacientes entre 25 a 44 anos e 76 pacientes entre 45 a 67 anos de idade. Todos apresentavam acuidade visual corrigida para longe >20/25, emetropia ou equivalente esférico <3,5 DE, astigmatismo <1,75 DC ao exame sob cicloplegia, exame oftalmológico normal e sem cirurgia oftalmológica prévia. O Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal de São Paulo aprovou esse protocolo. As aberrações foram medidas usando o sensor H

  13. Luxação traumática do bulbo ocular causada por acidente doméstico Traumatic eyeball luxation caused by domestic accident

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    Rogério de Almeida Tárcia

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available A luxação do bulbo ocular ocorre quando há seu deslocamento anterior, de tal forma que as pálpebras se fecham espasmodicamente por detrás dele. Diversas causas não traumáticas são relatadas, sendo que, quando provocado por traumas contusos, com grande envolvimento do nervo óptico e da musculatura extrínseca ocular, o prognóstico em geral é desfavorável. Apresentamos um dramático caso de luxação do bulbo ocular em criança após acidente doméstico, destacando seu mecanismo fisiopatológico e apreciando as condutas.The eyeball luxation is a dramatic phenomenon in which there is a forward displacement of the eyeball so that the eyelids spasmodically close behind it. There are many risk factors, non-related to trauma, but orbital contusions with optic nerve and extraocular muscles involvement carry the worst prognosis. The present paper reports a dramatic domestic case of globe luxation in childhood, its pathophysiology mechanisms and management.

  14. Survival results in five malignant neoplasms separated by a decade at Institut Català d'Oncologia, Spain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Germá-Lluch, José Ramón; Petriz, Lourdes; Lopez, Pau; Asensio, Esther

    2018-02-23

    Five years' data relative survival (RS) is presented in 3 solid tumours: breast, colorectal (CRC) and lung and 2 haematologic neoplasms: large B cell lymphoma (NHL-B) and multiple myeloma (MM) treated at Institut Català d'Oncologia between 2010-2011 in comparison with the results obtained in a historical special cohort from 1998-1999. A database was created in a common safe and accessible repository. We have introduced more than 5,000 medical records. To analyse the results the statistical package R ® was used for RS. The overall RS at 5 years for 2010-2011 was: CRC 67%, breast 93.6%, lung 28%, NHL-B 68% and MM 62%, while for 1998-1999 is was: CRC 61.8%, breast 88.8%, lung 23.1%, NHL-B 67.7%, and MM 43.4%. Comparative results have shown a 5% overall improvement in RS for the 3 solid tumours, a significant increase in MM and a stabilisation in the NHL-B. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  15. Retinocoroidite toxoplásmica em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis

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    Jane Mary Alves

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A neurotoxoplasmose é a alteração do sistema nervoso central mais frequente observada em pacientes com AIDS. A ocorrência de toxoplasmose ocular em neurotoxoplasmose ainda é pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi de investigar a ocorrência de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica, típica ou provável, em pacientes com AIDS e neurotoxoplasmose. MÉTODOS: Foi desenvolvido estudo prospectivo, tipo série de casos incluindo 70 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando de 20 a 63 anos, internados nas enfermarias de três hospitais públicos da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, com tais diagnósticos firmados segundo os critérios do CDC (1992, no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008. Os pacientes caracterizavam-se por: primeiro episódio de neurotoxoplasmose (65; 92,9% ou recidiva (5; 7,1%; desconhecimento de ter AIDS (23; 32,9%, contagem média de linfócitos T CD4 de 139,8 ± 3,04 células/mm³ e carga viral média igual a 137.080 ± 39.380 cópias/mL. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico, consistindo de: inspeção ocular; aferição da acuidade visual; investigação da função muscular extrínseca ocular e fundoscopia, empregando oftalmoscópio indireto binocular (modelo OHN 3.5 (Eyetec® e lente externa de 20 dioptrias (Volk®. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticados 4 (5,7% pacientes com lesões cicatriciais de retinocoroidite, características de toxoplasmose ocular, sendo típica em 3 (75% pacientes e bilateral em 1. Não houve qualquer caso de retinocoroidite ativa, típica ou provável. As lesões oculares ativas foram raras comparadas às lesões cicatriciais, as quais se associam à presença de cistos na retina. CONCLUSÃO: Recomenda-se que mesmo lesões cicatriciais sejam valorizadas em pacientes com AIDS.PURPOSE: Neurotoxoplasmosis is the most common central nervous system disorder in patients with AIDS. The occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis in neurotoxoplasmosis is not well studied. The objective of

  16. Detecção molecular do herpesvírus canino tipo-1 em cadelas com histórico de desordens reprodutivas no sudeste do brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Santos, Thaísa Reis dos

    2014-01-01

    O Herpesvírus canino tipo 1 (CaHV-1) está associado a desordens reprodutivas e mortalidade neonatal, podendo ser encontrado em cães saudáveis assintomáticos ou associado a manifestações clínicas variadas como lesões vesiculares genitais, infecções oculares e doença respiratória. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença do CaHV-1, através da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PRC), em amostras de urina e em swab ocular e vaginal de cadelas na cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. For...

  17. Gene therapy for ocular diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Melissa M; Tuo, Jingsheng; Chan, Chi-Chao

    2011-05-01

    The eye is an easily accessible, highly compartmentalised and immune-privileged organ that offers unique advantages as a gene therapy target. Significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic pathogenesis of ocular diseases, and gene replacement and gene silencing have been implicated as potentially efficacious therapies. Recent improvements have been made in the safety and specificity of vector-based ocular gene transfer methods. Proof-of-concept for vector-based gene therapies has also been established in several experimental models of human ocular diseases. After nearly two decades of ocular gene therapy research, preliminary successes are now being reported in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of Leber congenital amaurosis. This review describes current developments and future prospects for ocular gene therapy. Novel methods are being developed to enhance the performance and regulation of recombinant adeno-associated virus- and lentivirus-mediated ocular gene transfer. Gene therapy prospects have advanced for a variety of retinal disorders, including retinitis pigmentosa, retinoschisis, Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration. Advances have also been made using experimental models for non-retinal diseases, such as uveitis and glaucoma. These methodological advancements are critical for the implementation of additional gene-based therapies for human ocular diseases in the near future.

  18. Microemulsões como veículo de drogas para administração ocular tópica Microemulsions as drug delivery systems for topical ocular administration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Armando da Silva Cunha Júnior

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available As formas farmacêuticas oftálmicas convencionais são relativamente simples: drogas solúveis em água são formuladas em solução aquosa e drogas pouco solúveis em suspensão ou pomada. Entretanto, essas formulações apresentam como inconvenientes baixa biodisponibilidade corneal, absorção sistêmica devida à drenagem nasolacrimal e reduzida eficácia no segmento posterior do olho. Assim, o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas de liberação de drogas de administração oftálmica tem sido um dos principais temas de pesquisa em tecnologia farmacêutica nos últimos anos. Entre as alternativas avaliadas, destacam-se principalmente as microemulsões. Estas formas farmacêuticas que são dispersões de água e óleo, estabilizadas por um emulsionante e por um co-emulsionante, transparentes, termodinamicamente estáveis, apresentam partículas de tamanho menor que 1,0 mm e, portanto, passíveis de serem esterilizadas por filtração. Além disso, as microemulsões apresentam baixa viscosidade, possuem grande capacidade para o transporte de drogas, demonstram comprovada propriedade promotora de absorção para as drogas veiculadas e são facilmente obtidas, sem a necessidade de utilização de equipamentos sofisticados e de componentes de custo proibitivo. O presente artigo objetiva revisão de literatura abordando o tema e os principais estudos relacionados com a utilização de microemulsões como sistemas de liberação de drogas oftálmicas.The conventional ophthalmic dosage forms are relatively simple: usually, water-soluble drugs are delivered in aqueous solution and water-insoluble drugs are prepared as suspensions or ointments. However, these delivery systems currently used present very low corneal bioavailability, systemic exposure because of nasolacrimal drainage and lack of efficiency in the posterior segment of ocular tissue. Recent research efforts have focused on the development of new ophthalmic drug delivery systems. As a result

  19. Análise clínica e epidemiológica do transplante de medula óssea em um serviço de oncologia pediátrica Clinical and epidemiological analysis of bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric oncology unit

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    Cláudio Galvão de Castro Jr.

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil e as complicações agudas mais importantes das crianças que receberam transplante de medula óssea no serviço de oncologia pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 41 pacientes, menores de 21 anos, transplantados entre agosto de 1997 até junho de 2002. Deste total, 20 pacientes receberam transplante alogênico, e 21 transplante autogênico. RESULTADOS: No transplante de medula óssea alogênico, a média de idade foi de 8,9 + 5,4 anos, sendo 12 pacientes do sexo masculino. As fontes de células foram: medula óssea, 12; sangue periférico, 5; e sangue de cordão umbilical não aparentado, 3. As doenças tratadas foram: leucemia linfóide aguda em 7 pacientes, leucemia mielóide crônica em 2, leucemia mielóide aguda em 4, síndrome mielodisplásica em 2, linfoma de Burkitt em 1, anemia aplástica grave em 1, anemia de Fanconi em 1, síndrome Chediak-Higashi em 1, e imunodeficiência congênita combinada grave em 1. Um paciente desenvolveu doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro aguda grau 2, três pacientes grau 4, e outros três desenvolveram doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica. Todos haviam recebido sangue periférico como fonte de células. A sobrevida global aos 4 anos foi de 70,0 + 10,3%. A principal causa do óbito foi doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro, em três pacientes, e sepse, em outros três. Todos os óbitos ocorreram antes do centésimo dia. Um dos pacientes que recebeu sangue de cordão umbilical não aparentado está vivo, em bom estado e sem uso de medicações 3 anos e 6 meses pós-transplante. No transplante de medula óssea autogênico, a média de idade foi de 8,7 + 4,3 anos, sendo 11 pacientes do sexo masculino. As fontes de células foram: sangue periférico, 16; medula óssea, 3; sangue periférico mais medula óssea, 2. As doenças tratadas foram: tumor de Wilms em 5 pacientes, tumores da família do sarcoma de

  20. Reduction of quaternary ammonium-induced ocular surface toxicity by emulsions: an in vivo study in rabbits.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, H; Brignole-Baudouin, F; Rabinovich-Guilatt, L; Mao, Z; Riancho, L; Faure, M O; Warnet, J M; Lambert, G; Baudouin, C

    2008-01-31

    To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approaches. Seventy eyes of 35 adult male New Zealand albino rabbits were used in this study. They were randomly divided into five groups: 50 microl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Sol and CKC Sol, respectively), and emulsion containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Em and CKC Em, respectively) were applied to rabbit eyes 15 times at 5-min intervals. The ocular surface changes induced by these eye drops were investigated using slit-lamp examination, flow cytometry (FCM), impression cytology (IC) on conjunctiva, and corneal in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Standard immunohistology in cryosections was also examined for cluster of differentiation (CD) 45+ infiltrating and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL)+ apoptotic cells. Clinical observations and IVCM showed that the highest toxicity was induced by BAK Sol, characterized by damaged corneal epithelium and a high level of inflammatory infiltration. BAK Em and CKC Sol presented moderate effects, and CKC Em showed the lowest toxicity with results similar to those of PBS. Conjunctival imprints analyzed by FCM showed a higher expression of RLA-DR and TNFR1 markers in BAK Sol-instilled eyes than in all other groups, especially at 4 h. Immunohistology was correlated with in vivo and ex vivo findings and confirmed this toxicity profile. A high level of infiltration of CD45+ inflammatory cells and TUNEL+ apoptotic cells was observed in limbus and conjunctiva, especially in QAC solution-receiving eyes compared to QAC emulsion-instilled eyes. The acute administration of 15 instillations at 5 min intervals was a rapid and efficient model to assess quaternary

  1. Ocular emergencies presenting to Menelik II Hospital.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Negussie, Dereje; Bejiga, Abebe

    2011-01-01

    Ocular conditions such as trauma, painful red eye of any cause, painless sudden visual loss and others are commonly seen as ocular emergencies, and can lead to ocular morbidity and visual loss. To determine types and causes of ocular emergencies seen at Menelik II hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October, 2007. Consecutive patients who presented with ocular emergencies at any time of the day were prospectively evaluated and registered on a formatted questionnaire. Evaluation of the patients included history of presenting illness, visual acuity testing intraocular pressure measurement on non-perforated and non-infected eyes, and complete eye examination in order to arrive at the diagnosis. A total of 26,400 patients attended Menelik II hospital during the study period. Of these, 758 (3%) were persons with an ocular emergency. The majority of patients (n=551; 72.7%) were male, with a male to female ratio of 2.7:1. The age group of 16 to 30 years was the most affected (47.9%), followed by those aged 15 years or younger (27.3%). Ocular trauma and ocular infections accounted for 75.6% and 13.1% of cases, respectively. Of the total ocular emergencies, open globe injuries constituted 171 (22.6%), corneal foreign bodies and abrasion 125 (16.5%), and open adnexal injuries 119 (15.7%). Metal and wood were the commonest work-related causes of ocular injuries in adults, with both together accounting for 60% of all ocular injuries. Children, on the other hand, sustained ocular injury while playing with others in 128 (22.3%) of cases. This study was able to provide a more complete picture to improve understanding of the nature and circumstances of ocular emergencies in Ethiopia. Ocular emergencies were dominated by ocular trauma, particularly affecting males and working-age adults. Public education and use of protective safety measures are recommended to alleviate the problem.

  2. Ocular pulsation correlates with ocular tension: the choroid as piston for an aqueous pump?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phillips, C I; Tsukahara, S; Hosaka, O; Adams, W

    1992-01-01

    In 26 random out-patients, including 13 treated glaucoma patients and ocular hypertensives, the higher the ocular tension, the greater the pulse amplitude, by Alcon pneumotonometry, at a statistically significant level. In a single untreated hypertensive, when 2-hourly pneumotonometry was done for 24 h, the correlation was similar and significant. The higher the diastolic blood pressure, the higher the ocular pulsation, also significantly. Pulsation is suggested to be a pump, the choroid being the piston, contributing (1) to an increase in the outflow of aqueous humour and (2) to a homeostatic mechanism contributing to normalization of the intra-ocular pressure, wherein pulsation increases or decreases, as the intraocular pressure increases or decreases, respectively.

  3. Hyphema as a Complication of Blunt Ocular Trauma and Additional Ocular Findings

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    Mehmet Giray Ersöz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: To investigate the frequency of angle recession, commotio retinae, and other ocular findings in patients with hyphema due to blunt ocular trauma. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 66 patients hospitalized between July 2010 and May 2012 with a diagnosis of traumatic hyphema were retrospectively reviewed. The age, gender, period between injury and the first examination, visual acuity at presentation, intraocular pressure (IOP, time of disappearance of hyphema, cause of blunt injury, additional ocular findings, medical and/or surgical treatment, follow-up time, and visual outcome were noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 23.8±19.2 years. Males constituted the 83.3% of the whole group. Game-related injury (43.9% and work-related injury (22.7% were the most common causes of blunt trauma. The bead gun was the most common tool involved in injury. Angle recession was detected in 36 patients (54.5%. Development of secondary glaucoma was higher in the patients with angle recession (chi-square test, p<0.05. Commotio retinae was observed in 47% of patients. The mean visual acuity at presentation was 0.4±0.3, while at the last visit, it was 0.8±0.3. There was a statistically significant difference between baseline and final visual acuity (paired-samples t-test, p<0.001. Conclusion: Hyphema due to blunt ocular trauma is observed mostly in young men and children. The most common blunt ocular injuries are game-and work-related. Angle recession and commotio retinae are the main complications of blunt ocular trauma causing hyphema. In cases with blunt ocular trauma, the presence of hyphema makes it difficult to examine the anterior chamber angle and the fundus. It is important to perform these investigations at the earliest stage to manage the complications since commotio retinae and angle recession accompany many cases with hyphema. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 19-22

  4. Ocular Effects of Sulfur Mustard

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    Yunes Panahi

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: To review current knowledge about ocular effects of sulfur mustard (SM and the associated histopathologic findings and clinical manifestationsMethods: Literature review of medical articles (human and animal studies was accomplished using PubMed, Scopus and ISI databases. A total of 274 relevant articles in English were retrieved and reviewed thoroughly.Results: Eyes are the most sensitive organs to local toxic effects of mustard gas. Ocular injuries are mediated through different toxic mechanisms including: biochemical damages, biomolecular and gene expression modification, induction of immunologic and inflammatory reactions, disturbing ultrastructural architecture of the cornea, and long-lasting corneal denervation. The resulting ocular injuries can roughly be categorized into acute or chronic complications. Most of the patients recover from acute injuries, but a minority of victims will suffer from chronic ocular complications. Mustard gas keratopathy (MGK is a devastating late complication of SM intoxication that proceeds from limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD.Conclusion: SM induces several different damaging changes in case of ocular exposure; hence leading to a broad spectrum of ocular manifestations in terms of severity, timing and form. Unfortunately, no effective strategy has been introduced yet to inhibit or restore these damaging changes.

  5. Epidemiology of Ocular Toxoplasmosis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Petersen, E.; Kijlstra, A.; Stanford, M.

    2012-01-01

    Retinal infection with Toxoplasma gondii is the most important cause of posterior uveitis, whereby prevalence and incidence of ocular symptoms after infection depend on socio-economic factors and the circulating parasite genotypes. Ocular toxoplasmosis is more common in South America, Central

  6. Distrofia oftalmoplégica progressiva. Forma de inicio ocular precoce e comprometimento muscular universal tardio Progressive ophthalmoplegic dystrophy

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    João P. Rodrigues

    1968-03-01

    Full Text Available É estudada uma forma particular de distrofia muscular progressiva — forma óculo-faríngea — cujo diagnóstico foi comprovado mediante traçados eletromiográficos e biópsia do músculo orbicular da pálpebra. São analisadas as duas formas de distrofias oftalmoplégicas: 1 miopatia ocular; 2 miopatia óculo-faríngea. A forma óculo-faríngea é mais rara, incide em idades mais avançadas (média de 40 anos em comparação com a forma ocular pura (média de 23 anos; além disso, é ressaltada a alta incidência familiar daquela forma de miopatia. O caso ora registrado parece ser um élo entre as duas formas, pois o início foi precoce, sem incidência familiar e com comprometimento da deglutição e de músculos da face, pescoço, tronco, cintura escapular, pélvica e dos membros.A case of peculiar form of progressive muscular dystrophy — the oculopharyngeal one — is reported. The diagnosis was ascertained by electromiography and biopsy of orbicularis palpebrae muscle. Two forms of ophthalmoplegic dystrophy are analysed: 1 ocular myopathy and 2 oculopharyngeal miopathy. The latter is less frequent, occurring on patients in the fourth decade, in comparison with the pure ocular form affecting patients in the second decade. Besides this, the high familial incidence of the oculo-pharyngeal form is stressed. The reported case seems to be an intermediate form between them. The onset occurred at 11 years of age; there was no other case in the family, the disease involving swallowing, face, neck, trunk, shoulder, pelvic and members muscles.

  7. [Descending ocular myopathy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Freitas, M R; Nascimento, O J

    1975-06-01

    The case of a 23 years old female patient, with primary involvement of the extraocular and faringeal muscles without familiar history is reported. Electromyographic and muscular biopsy studies proved the myogenic nature of the process. A clinical comparison between the ocular myopathy and the descending ocular myopathy is made, the authors thinking that both of them would be variants of the same muscle disease.

  8. Avaliação da resposta terapêutica nas alergias oculares por meio da citologia esfoliativa Evaluation of the therapeutic response in ocular allergies through exfoliative cytology

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    Haroldo de Lucena Bezerra

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta terapêutica das alergias oculares por meio da citologia esfoliativa de material obtido de raspado conjuntival. MÉTODO: Foi realizada citologia esfoliativa conjuntival mediante estudo prospectivo em quarenta e seis olhos de vinte e três pacientes com conjuntivite alérgica. Foram realizadas três colheitas: (1 na fase aguda (pré-tratamento, (2 após uso de corticosteróides (tratamento A e (3 após uso de estabilizador de membrana de mastócitos (tratamento B, e que foram submetidas à coloração pelo método de Giemsa. RESULTADOS: Dos vinte e três pacientes, cinco (21,7% eram do sexo feminino e dezoito (78,3% do sexo masculino, com média de 10,8 anos. Dezoito (78,3% apresentaram conjuntivite primaveril e cinco (21,7% ceratoconjuntivite atópica. Após análise estatística da citologia conjuntival, o número de células epiteliais degeneradas foi maior para os dois grupos de tratamento em relação à citologia pré-tratamento. A contagem de neutrófilos foi estatisticamente menor no grupo de tratamento A em relação ao tratamento B e pré-tratamento. Quanto aos eosinófilos, os dois tratamentos apresentaram distribuição percentual estatisticamente menor do que o pré-tratamento. O número de monócitos foi estatisticamente menor após o tratamento A do que o grupo B e o pré-tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A citologia esfoliativa conjuntival mostrou-se um teste apropriado para avaliar a resposta terapêutica nas alergias oculares.PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic response of ocular allergies through exfoliative cytology of conjunctival scrappings. METHOD: Conjunctival exfoliative cytology was performed through a prospective study in forty six eyes of twenty-three patients with clinical diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis. Three scrappings were performed: (1 in the pre-treatment period, (2 after use of corticosteroids (treatment A and (3 after use of mast cell stabilizer (treatment B; in two types of smears

  9. Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Pulsatile Ocular Blood Flow in Normal and Systemic Hypertensive Patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kanadani, Fabio N; Figueiredo, Carlos R; Miranda, Rafaela Morais; Cunha, Patricia Lt; M Kanadani, Tereza Cristina; Dorairaj, Syril

    2015-01-01

    Glaucomatous neuropathy can be a consequence of insufficient blood supply, increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), or other risk factors that diminish the ocular blood flow. To determine the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in normal and systemic hypertensive patients. One hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled in this prospective and comparative study and underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including slit lamp examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, stereoscopic fundus examination, and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) measurements. The OPP was calculated as being the medium systemic arterial pressure (MAP) less the IOP. Only right eye values were considered for calculations using Student's t-test. The mean age of the patients was 57.5 years (36-78), and 68.5% were women. There was a statistically significant difference in the OPP of the normal and systemic hypertensive patients (p cite this article: Kanadani FN, Figueiredo CR, Miranda RM, Cunha PLT, Kanadani TCM, Dorairaj S. Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Pulsatile Ocular Blood Flow in Normal and Systemic Hypertensive Patients. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2015;9(1):16-19.

  10. [Ocular surface system integrity].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Safonova, T N; Pateyuk, L S

    2015-01-01

    The interplay of different structures belonging to either the anterior segment of the eye or its accessory visual apparatus, which all share common embryological, anatomical, functional, and physiological features, is discussed. Explanation of such terms, as ocular surface, lacrimal functional unit, and ocular surface system, is provided.

  11. Challenging ocular image recognition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pauca, V. Paúl; Forkin, Michael; Xu, Xiao; Plemmons, Robert; Ross, Arun A.

    2011-06-01

    Ocular recognition is a new area of biometric investigation targeted at overcoming the limitations of iris recognition performance in the presence of non-ideal data. There are several advantages for increasing the area beyond the iris, yet there are also key issues that must be addressed such as size of the ocular region, factors affecting performance, and appropriate corpora to study these factors in isolation. In this paper, we explore and identify some of these issues with the goal of better defining parameters for ocular recognition. An empirical study is performed where iris recognition methods are contrasted with texture and point operators on existing iris and face datasets. The experimental results show a dramatic recognition performance gain when additional features are considered in the presence of poor quality iris data, offering strong evidence for extending interest beyond the iris. The experiments also highlight the need for the direct collection of additional ocular imagery.

  12. MRI in ocular drug delivery

    OpenAIRE

    Li, S. Kevin; Lizak, Martin J.; Jeong, Eun-Kee

    2008-01-01

    Conventional pharmacokinetic methods for studying ocular drug delivery are invasive and cannot be conveniently applied to humans. The advancement of MRI technology has provided new opportunities in ocular drug-delivery research. MRI provides a means to non-invasively and continuously monitor ocular drug-delivery systems with a contrast agent or compound labeled with a contrast agent. It is a useful technique in pharmacokinetic studies, evaluation of drug-delivery methods, and drug-delivery de...

  13. Ocular complications of boxing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bianco, M; Vaiano, A; Colella, F; Coccimiglio, F; Moscetti, M; Palmieri, V; Focosi, F; Zeppilli, P; Vinger, P

    2005-01-01

    Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of ocular injuries in a large population of boxers over a period of 16 years, in particular, the most severe lesions that may be vision threatening. Methods: Clinical records of the medical archive of the Italian Boxing Federation were analysed. A total of 1032 boxers were examined from February 1982 to October 1998. A complete ophthalmological history was available for 956, who formed the study population (a total of 10 697 examinations). The following data were collected: age when started boxing; duration of competitive boxing career (from the date of the first bout); weight category; a thorough ocular history. The following investigations were carried out: measurement of visual acuity and visual fields, anterior segment inspection, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, and examination of ocular fundus. Eighty age matched healthy subjects, who had never boxed, formed the control group. Results: Of the 956 boxers examined, 428 were amateur (44.8%) and 528 professional (55.2%). The median age at first examination was 23.1 (4.3) years (range 15–36). The prevalence of conjunctival, corneal, lenticular, vitreal, ocular papilla, and retinal alterations in the study population was 40.9% compared with 3.1% in the control group (p⩽0.0001). The prevalence of serious ocular findings (angle, lens, macula, and peripheral retina alterations) was 5.6% in boxers and 3.1% in controls (NS). Conclusions: Boxing does not result in a higher prevalence of severe ocular lesions than in the general population. However, the prevalence of milder lesions (in particular with regard to the conjunctiva and cornea) is noteworthy, justifying the need for adequate ophthalmological surveillance. PMID:15665199

  14. Evaluating ocular blood flow

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jyotsna Maram

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Studies have shown that vascular impairment plays an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various ocular diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal venous occlusive disease. Thus, qualitative and quantitative assessment of ocular blood flow (BF is a topic of interest for early disease detection, diagnosis, and management. Owing to the rapid improvement in technology, there are several invasive and noninvasive techniques available for evaluating ocular BF, with each of these techniques having their own limitations and advantages. This article reviews these important techniques, with a particular focus on Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT and OCT-angiography.

  15. Combat ocular trauma and systemic injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Weichel, Eric D; Colyer, Marcus H

    2008-11-01

    To review the recent literature regarding combat ocular trauma during hostilities in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, describe the classification of combat ocular trauma, and offer strategies that may assist in the management of eye injuries. Several recent publications have highlighted features of combat ocular trauma from Operation Iraqi Freedom. The most common cause of today's combat ocular injuries is unconventional fragmentary munitions causing significant blast injuries. These explosive munitions cause high rates of concomitant nonocular injuries such as traumatic brain injury, amputation, and other organ injuries. The most frequent ocular injuries include open-globe and adnexal lacerations. The extreme severity of combat-related open-globe injuries leads to high rates of primary enucleation and retained intraocular foreign bodies. Visual outcomes of intraocular foreign body injuries are similar to other series despite delayed removal, and no cases of endophthalmitis have occurred. Despite these advances, however, significant vision loss persists in cases of perforating globe injuries as well as open and closed-globe trauma involving the posterior segment. This review summarizes the recent literature describing ocular and systemic injuries sustained during Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. An emphasis on classification of ocular injuries as well as a discussion of main outcome measures and complications is discussed.

  16. Plasticity of the human otolith-ocular reflex

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wall, C. 3rd; Smith, T. R.; Furman, J. M.

    1992-01-01

    The eye movement response to earth vertical axis rotation in the dark, a semicircular canal stimulus, can be altered by prior exposure to combined visual-vestibular stimuli. Such plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex has not been described for earth horizontal axis rotation, a dynamic otolith stimulus. Twenty normal human subjects underwent one of two types of adaptation paradigms designed either to attenuate or enhance the gain of the semicircular canal-ocular reflex prior to undergoing otolith-ocular reflex testing with horizontal axis rotation. The adaptation paradigm paired a 0.2 Hz sinusoidal rotation about a vertical axis with a 0.2 Hz optokinetic stripe pattern that was deliberately mismatched in peak velocity. Pre- and post-adaptation horizontal axis rotations were at 60 degrees/s in the dark and produced a modulation in the slow component velocity of nystagmus having a frequency of 0.17 Hz due to putative stimulation of the otolith organs. Results showed that the magnitude of this modulation component response was altered in a manner similar to the alteration in semicircular canal-ocular responses. These results suggest that physiologic alteration of the vestibulo-ocular reflex using deliberately mismatched visual and semicircular canal stimuli induces changes in both canal-ocular and otolith-ocular responses. We postulate, therefore, that central nervous system pathways responsible for controlling the gains of canal-ocular and otolith-ocular reflexes are shared.

  17. Traumatismos oculares en el deporte

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    Javier Elizalde

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Los traumatismos oculares durante la práctica deportiva son relativamente frecuentes, pueden acontecer en el contexto de cualquier deporte y son muy variados, tanto en su origen, gravedad y forma de presentación clínica (traumatismos incisos, contusos o inciso-contusos. A pesar de que el diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento adecuado a cargo de un oftalmólogo especialista suele ayudar a mejorar el pronóstico de estos casos, es cierto que en algunas situaciones las lesiones oculares secundarias al traumatismo son clínicamente irreversibles. El autor revisa la repercusión clínica ocular de los accidentes deportivos con compromiso de la órbita, de los párpados, del segmento anterior y/o posterior del globo ocular, y de las vías ópticas. La mayoría de estas lesiones se pueden evitar optimizando el estado físico (y ocular antes de la práctica deportiva, y utilizando la técnica y el material adecuado para cada situación. Asimismo una buena educación deportiva desde la infancia y la utilización de gafas de protección ocular adaptadas a cada deporte juegan un papel esencial en la prevención de estos accidentes.

  18. Fatores associados ao linfedema em pacientes com câncer de mama Associated factors of lymphedema in breast cancer patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniella Marta Ferreira de Paiva

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao linfedema em pacientes com câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: este estudo de corte transversal incluiu 250 mulheres com mais de seis meses de tratamento para o câncer de mama, que compareceram ao Ambulatório de Mastologia e Oncologia para consulta de seguimento em um Centro de Referência em Oncologia, em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Elas foram entrevistadas e submetidas à avaliação física. Foram colhidos dados de prontuário relacionados ao tratamento da neoplasia, à intervenção axilar e ao tumor. Diagnosticou-se linfedema quando a diferença entre os membros superiores foi maior ou igual a 2 cm pela perimetria. Os grupos de mulheres com e sem linfedema foram comparados em relação aos possíveis fatores de risco, e as medidas de tendência central, dispersão e prevalência foram obtidas admitindo o nível de significância de 95%. RESULTADOS: Cento e doze mulheres (44,8% apresentaram linfedema. Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos de mulheres com e sem linfedema em relação à mediana de linfonodos retirados (p=0,02; apresentação de trombose linfática superficial no braço homolateral à cirurgia (pPURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of lymphedema and its associated factors in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty women that had undergone more than six months of breast cancer treatment and were being treated at an oncology reference hospital in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. They were interviewed and submitted to physical evaluation. Data from the patients' medical records regarding the treatment of breast cancer, the extent of axillary intervention and the tumor were analyzed. Lymphedema was diagnosed when the difference between both upper limbs was 2 cm or more by perimetry. The groups of women with and without lymphedema were compared regarding the possible risk factors, and central tendency, dispersion, and prevalence were

  19. What Is an Ocular Migraine?

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... When to seek help What is an ocular migraine? Is it a sign of something serious? Answers ... and retinal migraine, which could signal something serious. Migraine aura affecting your vision Ocular migraine sometimes describes ...

  20. Produção de conhecimento na enfermagem em oncologia: contribuição da escola de enfermagem Anna Nery Producción de conocimiento en la enfermería en oncología: contribución de la escola de enfermagem anna nery (escuela de enfermería Anna Nery Production of knowledge in nursing in oncology: contribution of Anna Nery nursing school

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marléa Chagas Moreira

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available O estudo teve como objetivos mapear as teses e dissertações produzidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery com enfoque na enfermagem em oncologia e analisar as repercussões diante dos aspectos epistemológicos destacados. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, retrospectivo e bibliográfico de 59 estudos (45 dissertações e 14 teses produzidos de 1980 a 2009. O referencial teórico-metodológico foi a Metodologia de Categorização Epistemológica para a Pesquisa na Enfermagem. Os resultados indicam que a produção analisada é mais setorizada na área da oncologia clínica, com ênfase nos aspectos Gestão Saúde/Enfermagem, Saúde da Mulher e Fundamentos do Cuidado de Enfermagem. Houve predomínio de estudos na perspectiva sociológica com abordagem qualitativa. As repercussões demonstradas nos aspectos epistemológicos destacados possibilitam afirmar que o conhecimento produzido é consistente com a complexidade e as tentativas de explicação sobre a arte de cuidar dos clientes com câncer e com esforços de definir/ampliar critérios e padrões assistenciais. Enfermagem Oncológica. Pesquisa em Enfermagem. Educação de Pós-graduação em EnfermagemEl estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear las tesis y disertaciones del Programa de Posgraduado de la Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery (Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery con énfasis en la enfermería en oncología y analizar las repercusiones frente los aspectos epistemológicos señalados. Exploratorio, descriptivo, retrospectivo y documental de 59 estudios (45 disertaciones y 14 tesis producidos desde 1980 hasta 2009. El referencial teórico-metodológico fue la Metodología Epistemológica para la Investigación en Enfermería. Los resultados indican que la producción es la más sectorizada de la oncología clínica, con énfasis en Gestión de la Salud / Enfermería, Salud de la Mujer y Fundamentos de la Atención de Enfermería. Se detectó un predominio de los

  1. Ocular manifestations of leptospirosis

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    Rathinam S

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Leptospiral uveitis is a common entity in tropical countries. Ocular manifestations are noted in the second phase of illness, but these remain under-diagnosed mainly because of the prolonged symptom-free period that separates the systemic manifestations from detection of ocular manifestations.Varying ophthalmic presentations and the intrinsic nature of different types of uveitis to mimic one another also challenge the accuracy of the diagnosis. Of the individual ocular signs, the combination of acute, non-granulomatous, panuveitis, hypopyon, vasculitis, optic disc edema, membranous vitreous opacities and absence of choroiditis or retinitis have high predictive value for the clinical diagnosis of leptospiral uveitis. Geographic location of the patient, occupation, socio-economic status, risk factors related to exposure, past history of fever or jaundice also aid in diagnosis.Steroids are the mainstay of treatment for leptospiral uveitis. Depending upon the severity and anatomical location of inflammatory lesion, topical, peri-ocular and/or systemic steroids are given. The prognosis is generally good, even when the inflammation is severe.

  2. Follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Peter Kristian; Ralfkiaer, E.; Prause, J.U.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose To characterize the clinicopathological features of follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region. Methods Retrospective nation-based study of Danish patients with ocular adnexal follicular lymphoma from January 1st 1980 through December 31st 2009. Results Twenty-four patients...... with ocular adnexal follicular lymphoma were identified. Fourteen (58%) of the patients were females. The median age was 63 years (range: 42–96 years). Eleven (46%) of the patients had primary ocular adnexal lymphoma, seven (29%) had an ocular adnexal lesion in conjunction with a concurrent systemic lymphoma...... and six patients (25%) presented with an ocular adnexal relapse. The most frequently affected sites were the lacrimal gland (38%) and the orbit (33%). Thirteen patients (54%) presented with Ann Arbor stage IE lymphoma, four (17%) had stage IIE, two patients (8%) stage IIIE, and five patients (21%) had...

  3. Complications of presumed ocular tuberculosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamade, Issam H; Tabbara, Khalid F

    2010-12-01

    To determine the effect of steroid treatment on visual outcome and ocular complications in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis. Retrospective review of patients with presumptive ocular tuberculosis. The clinical diagnosis was made based on ocular findings, positive purified protein derivative (PPD) testing of more than 15 mm induration, exclusion of other causes of uveitis and positive ocular response to anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) within 4 weeks. Group 1 included patients who had received oral prednisone or subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide prior to ATT. Group 2 included patients who did not receive corticosteroid therapy prior to administration of ATT.   Among 500 consecutive new cases of uveitis encountered in 1997-2007 there were 49 (10%) patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis. These comprised 28 (57%) male and 21 (43%) female patients with a mean age of 45 years (range 12-76 years). Four (20%) patients in group 1 had initial visual acuity of 20/40 or better, in comparison to eight (28%) patients in group 2. At 1-year follow-up, six (30%) patients in group 1 had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better compared with 20 (69%) patients in group 2 (p = 0.007). Of 20 eyes (26%) in group 1 that had visual acuity of < 20/50 at 1-year follow up, 14 (70%) eyes developed severe chorioretinal lesion (p = 0.019). Early administration of corticosteroids without anti-tuberculous therapy in presumed ocular tuberculosis may lead to poor visual outcome compared with patients who did not receive corticosteroids prior to presentation. Furthermore, the severity of chorioretinitis lesion in the group of patients given corticosteroid prior to ATT may account for the poor visual outcome. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Acta Ophthalmol.

  4. Complicações oculares da terapêutica com a cloroquina e derivados Ocular complications of chloroquine and derivatives therapy

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    Augusto Cézar Lacava

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Os derivados das 4-aminoquinolonas vêm sendo utilizados desde sua industrialização na terapêutica da malária, das doenças reumatológicas e dermatológicas. Essas drogas apresentam reações adversas sistêmicas e oculares. As reações adversas sistêmicas afetam o sistema gastrointestinal, sistema nervoso, sistema muscular esquelético e a pele, e as oculares são: fotofobia, córnea verticilata, poliose, catarata, paralisia dos músculos extraoculares, uveíte anterior, maculopatia tóxica, neurite óptica. OBJETIVO: Revisão bibliográfica das complicações do uso de cloroquina e derivados. Analisar evolução e estágio atual da propedêutica. Sugerir conduta prática no mapeamento precoce dos sinais de toxicidade. MÉTODOS: Revisão bibliográfica através da pesquisa no banco de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED, LILACS e SciELO. DISCUSSÃO: São descritos todos os exames que podem ser utilizados para mapeamento das reações adversas oculares, tais quais: exame oftalmológico completo, com ênfase na biomicroscopia e oftalmoscopia binocular indireta, campo visual computadorizado, tela de Amsler, visão de cores, exames eletrofisiológicos, polarimetria e tomografia de coerência óptica. É feita a descrição do quadro de maculopatia enfocando epidemiologia, fatores de risco, histopatologia e propedêutica. É descrita a estrutura química e as diferenças entre os derivados das 4-aminoquinolonas. CONCLUS��O: Todo paciente em uso de cloroquina e seus derivados devem ser acompanhados e documentados desde seu início e até atingir a dose cumulativa acima de 100 gramas. Quanto maior a dose cumulativa, maior deve ser a nossa preocupação com o seguimento desse paciente.INTRODUCTION: Byproducts of 4-aminoquinolones are being used since its industrialization in the treatment of malaria, rheumatic and dermatologic diseases. These drugs present systemic and ocular adverse events. Systemic adverse reactions affect the

  5. Ocular allergy latin american consensus

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    Myrna Serapião dos Santos

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To establish current definition, classification and staging, and to develop diagnosis and treatment recommendations for ocular allergy, by using Delphi approach. METHODS: Ten Latin American experts on ocular allergy participated in a 4-round Delphi panel approach. Four surveys were constructed and answered by panelists. A two-thirds majority was defined as consensus. Definition, classification, staging and diagnosis and treatment recommendations were the main outcomes. RESULTS: "Ocular allergy" was proposed as the general term to describe ocular allergic diseases. Consensus regarding classification was not reached. Signs and symptoms were considered extremely important for the diagnosis. It was consensus that a staging system should be proposed based on the disease severity. Environmental control, avoidance of allergens and the use of artificial tears were recommended as first line treatment. The secondary treatment should include topical anti-histamines, mast cell stabilizers and multi actions drugs. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictors were not recommended. Topical corticosteroids were recommended as third line of treatment for the most severe keratoconjunctivitis. Consensus was not reached regarding the use of systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressant. Surgical approach and unconventional treatments were not recommended as routine. CONCLUSION: The task of creating guidelines for ocular allergies showed to be very complex. Many controversial topics remain unsolved. A larger consensus including experts from different groups around the world may be needed to further improve the current recommendations for several aspects of ocular allergy.

  6. Ocular Manifestations of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Young Shin; Sun, Hae Jung; Kim, Tae Hyong; Kang, Kui Dong; Lee, Sung Jin

    2015-08-01

    To investigate the patterns and risk factors of the ocular manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and their correlation with CD4+ count in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This retrospective study examined 127 AIDS patients who presented to Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Data were collected from patient interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory investigations. Ophthalmologic examinations included the best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment and adnexal examination, and dilated fundus examination. Of the 127 patients with AIDS, 118 were on HAART and 9 were not. The mean CD4+ count was 266.7 ± 209.1 cells/µL. There were ocular manifestations in 61 patients (48.0%). The incidence of anterior segment manifestations was higher than posterior segment manifestations at 28.3% and 19.7%, respectively. The mean CD4+ count was significantly (p AIDS. In this study, anterior segment and external ocular manifestations occurred more frequently than posterior segment manifestations. Also, the mean CD4+ count was significantly lower in patients with posterior segment ocular manifestations versus anterior segment ocular manifestations. We found that CD4+ count and age >35 years were independent risk factors for developing ocular manifestations.

  7. Prevalência de transtornos oculares na população de idosos residentes na cidade de Veranópolis, RS, Brasil Prevalence of ocular diseases in a population of elderly residents of the city of Veranópolis, Brazil

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    Flávio Antônio Romani

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os transtornos oculares e a sua prevalência em pessoas com 80 anos de idade, ou mais, na cidade de Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. MÉTODOS: 187 idosos foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico por meio de inspeção externa, motilidade extrínseca, medidas de acuidade visual para longe e perto, tonometria de aplanação, biomicroscopia, cicloplegia, fundoscopia direta e esquiascopia estática. RESULTADOS: As doenças mais prevalentes foram: presbiopia em 173 (92,5% pacientes, catarata em 160 (85,6%, ectrópio senil em 130 (69,5%, hipermetropia em 130 (69,5% e a degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI em 59 (31,5%. Na população estudada, 85 (45,4% pacientes apresentaram baixa visual acentuada cujas causas principais eram a catarata em 46 (54,1% e erros de refração em 16 (18,9% dos idosos. A principal causa de queixas dos idosos foi relacionada com a presença de ectrópio senil. CONCLUSÃO: Doenças comuns como a catarata e os erros de refração continuam a ser um desafio para os oftalmologistas, pois são importantes causas de dificuldade visual nos idosos, com conseqüente perda de qualidade em suas vidas.ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of diseases of the eye in a population aged 80 years and above in the city of Veranopolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: 187 elderly people were submitted to ophthalmologic tests including external inspection, ocular motility examination, visual acuity determination for near and far distance, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, cyclopegia, direct fundus examination and static skiascopy. RESULTS: The most prevalent disease was presbyopia in 173 (92,5% patients, cataract in 160 (85,6%, age-related ectropion in 130 (69,5%, hypermetropia in 130 (69,5% and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD in 59 (31,5% patients. 85 (45,4% patients presented marked low vision whose main causes were cataract in 46 (54,1% and refractive error in 16 (18,9% of the studied

  8. Ocular findings in systemic lupus erythemato

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    Samir S. Shoughy

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease. Ocular complications occur in up to one-third of patients with SLE. The ocular findings may represent the initial manifestation of the disease and may lead to severe ocular morbidity and loss of vision. Early diagnosis and prompt management of patients with SLE are mandatory and require collaboration between the ophthalmologist and the rheumatologist.

  9. Ocular findings in systemic lupus erythematosus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shoughy, Samir S; Tabbara, Khalid F

    2016-01-01

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease. Ocular complications occur in up to one-third of patients with SLE. The ocular findings may represent the initial manifestation of the disease and may lead to severe ocular morbidity and loss of vision. Early diagnosis and prompt management of patients with SLE are mandatory and require collaboration between the ophthalmologist and the rheumatologist.

  10. Percepção de expressões faciais em pessoas com esquizofrenia: movimentos oculares, sintomatologia e nível intelectual The perception of facial expressions in people with schizophrenia: eye movements, symptomatology and intelligence

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    Katerina Lukasova

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available A análise dos padrões dos movimentos oculares em esquizofrênicos mostra que estes apresentam alterações próprias da doença. O objetivo foi avaliar e relacionar as propriedades dos movimentos oculares com o estado clínico e nível intelectual durante observação de faces. Foram avaliados 10 sujeitos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e 10 controle, pareados em função de sexo, idade e escolaridade. Foi utilizada a Escala das Síndromes Positiva e Negativa (ESPN, o Teste de Matrizes Progressivas Raven e o Penn Emotion Acuity Test. A busca visual foi registrada com programa EyeGaze®. Resultados mostram que ambos os grupos fixaram mais as faces com conteúdo emocional, sendo o número total de fixações menor entre os pacientes com esquizofrenia. A duração da fixação teve correlação inversa com a pontuação no Raven, PANSS e número de fixação. Parâmetros dos movimentos oculares se correlacionaram com a condição clínica e nível intelectual dos pacientes com esquizofrenia.Analyses of the eye movement patterns of schizophrenics show some specific characteristics underlying the illness. The objective of present study was to evaluate and correlate basic properties of the eye movements with the clinical state and intelligence during the visual scan of faces. 10 outpatient subjects with schizophrenia and 10 controls matched in gender, age and school years were evaluated. The assessment tools were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PNSS, the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test and the Penn Emotion Acuity Test. The visual scan was registered with the EyeGaze® program. Both groups showed more fixations for stimuli with emotional expression, with significantly smaller overall number of fixations for the schizophrenic subjects group. Duration of fixations was inversely correlated with score in the Raven Test, PANSS and number of fixations. The properties of the eye movements showed correlation with the clinical condition and

  11. Ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel in rabbits after topical ocular administration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Bing; Ding, Li; Xu, Xiaowen; Lin, Hongda; Sun, Chenglong; You, Linjun

    2015-12-01

    Lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel is a novel ophthalmic preparation for topical ocular anesthesia. The study is aimed at evaluating the ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of lidocaine hydrochloride 3.5 % ophthalmic gel in rabbits after ocular topical administration. Thirty-six rabbits were randomly placed in 12 groups (3 rabbits per group). The rabbits were quickly killed according to their groups at 0 (predose), 0.0833, 0.167, 0.333, 0.667, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h postdose and then the ocular tissue and plasma samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS method. The test result showed that the maximum concentration (C max) of lidocaine in different ocular tissues and plasma were all achieved within 20 min after drug administration, and the data of C max were (2,987 ± 1814) μg/g, (44.67 ± 12.91) μg/g, (26.26 ± 7.19) μg/g, (11,046 ± 2,734) ng/mL, and (160.3 ± 61.0) ng/mL for tear fluid, cornea, conjunctiva, aqueous humor, and plasma, respectively. The data of the elimination half-life in these tissues were 1.5, 3.2, 3.5, 1.9, and 1.7 h for tear fluid, cornea, conjunctiva, aqueous humor, and plasma, respectively. The intraocular lidocaine levels were significantly higher than that in plasma, and the elimination half-life of lidocaine in cornea, conjunctiva, and aqueous humor was relatively longer than that in tear fluid and plasma. The high intraocular penetration, low systemic exposure, and long duration in the ocular tissues suggested lidocaine hydrochloride 3.5 % ophthalmic gel as an effective local anesthetic for ocular anesthesia during ophthalmic procedures.

  12. Hyphema as a Complication of Blunt Ocular Trauma and Additional Ocular Findings

    OpenAIRE

    Mehmet Giray Ersöz; Seda Adıyeke; Gamze Türe; Ekrem Talay; Hakkı Özgür Konya

    2014-01-01

    Objectives: To investigate the frequency of angle recession, commotio retinae, and other ocular findings in patients with hyphema due to blunt ocular trauma. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 66 patients hospitalized between July 2010 and May 2012 with a diagnosis of traumatic hyphema were retrospectively reviewed. The age, gender, period between injury and the first examination, visual acuity at presentation, intraocular pressure (IOP), time of disappearance of hyphem...

  13. Buccal manifestations in patients submitted to chemotherapy

    OpenAIRE

    Hespanhol, Fernando Luiz; Tinoco, Eduardo Muniz Barretto; Teixeira, Henrique Guilherme de Castro; Falabella, Márcio Eduardo Vieira; Assis, Neuza Maria de Souza Picorelli

    2010-01-01

    Em decorrência da quimioterapia, alterações na cavidade oral podem ser observadas e levar a complicações sistêmicas importantes, podendo aumentar o tempo de internação hospitalar, os custos do tratamento e afetar diretamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa em um hospital de oncologia da cidade de Juiz de Fora (MG), sendo realizado através de coleta de dados nos prontuários de pacientes que estiveram em tratamento oncológico, onde foram...

  14. Ocular anatomy in medieval arabic medicine. A review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laios, Konstantinos; Moschos, Marilita M; George, Androutsos

    2016-01-01

    In medieval Arabic medicine Ophthalmology had a central role. Ocular anatomy was described in many ophthalmological treatises of the physicians of the time. These physicians followed the doctrines of Galen according ocular anatomy, nevertheless their contribution to the history of ocular anatomy was the presentation of ocular anatomical sketches in their manuscripts for the fist time in medical history.

  15. A challenging case of ocular melanoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Costache, Mariana; Dumitru, Adrian Vasile; Pătraşcu, Oana Maria; Popa-Cherecheanu, Daniela Alina; Bădilă, Patricia; Miu, Jeni Cătălina; Procop, Alexandru; Popa, Manuela; Tampa, Mircea Ştefan; Sajin, Maria; Simionescu, Olga; Cîrstoiu, Monica Mihaela

    2015-01-01

    Ocular melanoma is a rare malignancy found in clinical practice. In this paper, we present a case of highly aggressive ocular melanoma, which was surgically removed at the Department of Ophthalmology and diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, using conventional histopathological techniques. Uveal melanoma, a subset of ocular melanoma, has a distinct behavior in comparison to cutaneous melanoma and has a widely divergent prognosis. Approximately half of patients with ocular melanoma will develop metastatic disease, predominantly with hepatic, pulmonary or cerebral location, over a 10 to 15 years period. No systemic therapy was associated with an evident clinical outcome for patients with advanced disease and overall survival rate remains poor.

  16. Ocular myasthenia gravis: A review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nair, Akshay Gopinathan; Patil-Chhablani, Preeti; Venkatramani, Devendra V; Gandhi, Rashmin Anilkumar

    2014-01-01

    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease that affects the neuro-muscular junction resulting in classical symptoms of variable muscle weakness and fatigability. It is called the great masquerader owing to its varied clinical presentations. Very often, a patient of MG may present to the ophthalmologist given that a large proportion of patients with systemic myasthenia have ocular involvement either at presentation or during the later course of the disease. The treatment of ocular MG involves both the neurologist and ophthalmologist. Thus, the aim of this review was to highlight the current diagnosis, investigations, and treatment of ocular MG. PMID:25449931

  17. Citologia de impressão da superfície ocular: técnica de exame e de coloração Impression cytology of the ocular surface: examination technique and staining procedure

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    Jeison de Nadai Barros

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Apresentar uma técnica de exame e de coloração de amostras de citologia de impressão da superfície ocular desenvolvida em serviço de referência. Método: Obtiveram-se 28 amostras de citologia de impressão de pacientes com alterações da superfície ocular no Setor de Doenças Externas Oculares no período de julho a novembro de 1999. Coraram-se e avaliaram-se as amostras microscopicamente no Laboratório de Microbiologia Ocular, do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista Medicina. Resultados: Desenvolveu-se um modelo de papel de filtro com ápice, base e abertura lateral, que forneceu seu posicionamento correto no olho no momento da colheita e na lâmina para a fixação e coloração. A técnica de coloração descrita, que usa ácido periódico-Schiff, hematoxilina e Papanicolaou, é um procedimento econômico e fácil, cora as células caliciformes de róseo e as epiteliais de roxo. Conclusões: A técnica de exame mostrou-se ideal na avaliação celular das amostras de citologia de impressão. A citologia de impressão é um método bastante confiável para o estudo da superfície ocular, no acompanhamento da evolução de patologias externas, e provou ser um procedimento realmente simples, mais barato e mais confortável para o paciente que as biópsias invasivas.Purpose: To present an examination technique and to standardize the staining procedure of samples of impression cytology of the ocular surface in a reference service. Methods: 28 samples of impression cytology were obtained from patients with ocular surfaces alterations of the External Eye Diseases Sector in the period of July to November 1999. They were stained and microscopically evaluated in the Ocular Microbiology Laboratory of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results: We developed a design of a filter paper with apex, base and lateral opening that promoted its adequate position both in the eye at collection

  18. Conjuntivite bacteriana secundária à doença dentária em chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera Bacterial conjunctivitis secondary to dental disease in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera

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    Ricardo Barbosa Lucena

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available São relatados três casos de conjuntivite bacteriana associada à doença dentária grave em chinchilas. Todas as chinchilas afetadas tinham histórico de emagrecimento, hipersalivação e epífora, que progrediu para exsudação ocular purulenta. Durante a necropsia, foi constatado marcado alongamento da coroa clínica dos incisivos e molares, e crescimento do ápice dentário, causando deformação óssea e compressão do canal lacrimal. Histologicamente, observou-se infiltrado de neutrófilos na conjuntiva e pálpebras. Cultivo microbiológico do exsudato ocular revelou crescimento de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva . Uma compressão do canal lacrimal pelo crescimento dentário excessivo impediu a drenagem das lágrimas, resultando em epífora. Esse é um importante fator predisponente para infecção bacteriana ocular em chinchilas.Three cases of bacterial conjunctivitis associated with severe dental disease in chinchillas are described. All affected chinchillas had a history of weight loss, ptyalism, and epiphora which progressed to suppurative ocular exsudation. At necropsy incisor and molar teeth revealed marked elongation of the clinical crown and overgrowth of the dental apexes resulting in deformation of the tear ducts. Histologically, there was neutrophilic infiltrate in the conjunctiva and eyelid skin. Microbiological culture carried out in samples from the ocular exsudate yielded Staphylococcus coagulase-positive. Compression of the lacrimal duct by dental overgrowth compromised tear draining and resulting in epiphora. This is a major predisposing factor inducing bacterial ocular infection in chinchillas.

  19. Rehabilitación en pacientes con trauma ocular Rehabilitation of ocular trauma patients

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    Eduardo Ariel Ramos Gómez

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La rehabilitación en oftalmología tiene como función fundamental lograr el máximo aprovechamiento posible del resto visual. El traumatismo ocular es considerado una de las entidades nosológicas frecuentes que conllevan a una rehabilitación visual. Las causas que provocan este tipo de trauma son variadas y dentro de estas, las agresiones con intención de provocar daños con secuelas son muy frecuentes. Es objetivo de esta revisión puntualizar la importancia de la rehabilitación en pacientes con traumatismo ocular e incentivar el buen accionar de todos los oftalmólogos en cuanto a su atención.The main goal of rehabilitation in ophthalmology is to use as much as possible the residual vision. Ocular trauma is considered one of the common diseases that imply visual rehabilitation. The causes of eye injuries are varied; among them assaults with intent to cause damage are the most common. The objective of this article was to point out the importance of rehabilitation in patients with ocular trauma and to encourage all the ophthalmologists to act accordingly.

  20. Ocular morbidity among porters at high altitudes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gnyawali, Subodh; Shrestha, Gauri Shankar; Khanal, Safal; Dennis, Talisa; Spencer, John C

    2017-01-01

    High altitude, often characterized by settings over 2400m, can be detrimental to the human body and pose a significant risk to ocular health. Reports concerning various ocular morbidities occurring as a consequence of high altitude are limited in the current literature. This study was aimed at evaluating the ocular health of porters working at high altitudesof Himalayas in Nepal. A mobile eye clinic was set up in Ghat and patient data were collected from its out- patient unit by a team of seven optometrists which was run for five days. Ghat is a small village in north-eastern Nepal, located at 2860 m altitude. Travellers walking through the trekking route were invited to get their eyes checked at the clinic. Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed, including visual acuities, objective and subjective refraction, anterior and posterior segment evaluations, and intraocular pressure measurements; blood pressure and blood glucose levels were also measured as required. Ocular therapeutics, prescription glasses, sunglasses and ocular health referrals were provided free of cost as necessary. A total of 1890 people visited the eye clinic, among which 57.4% (n=1084) were porters. Almost half of the porters had an ocular morbidity. Correctable refractive error was most prevalent, with other ocular health-related complications, including dry eye disease, infectious disorders, glaucoma and cataract. Proper provision of regular and effective eye care services should be made more available for those residing at these high altitudes in Nepal. © NEPjOPH.

  1. Importância da avaliação oftalmológica em recém-natos Importance of the ophthalmological evaluation in newborns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Wasilewski

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: verificar a existência de afecções oculares, nas primeiras 48 horas de vida de recém-natos, e relacioná-las com a suspeita clínica dos pediatras. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo prospectivo em que todos os recém-natos no período de julho a dezembro de 2000 foram examinados no alojamento conjunto do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba (HUEC. Seiscentos e sessenta e sete recém-natos foram avaliados, através de um protocolo, por médicos residentes e preceptores de oftalmologia, independentemente se havia ou não qualquer suspeita de alteração ocular pelo pediatra. Procedeu-se à inspeção, iluminação oblíqua, avaliação de desvio ocular e oftalmoscopia direta à distância (reflexo vermelho em todos os pacientes. Resultados: em 3,75% dos pacientes avaliados, encontrou-se alguma alteração ocular. A principal afecção ocular foi a opacidade corneana, detectada pelo exame de reflexo vermelho à distância. Cinqüenta e seis por cento dos recém-natos portadores de patologia ocular passaram despercebidos pelos pediatras, neonatologistas e pais. Conclusão: este estudo demonstrou que a maioria das desordens oculares presentes ao nascimento não é diagnosticada pelos pediatras (56%, evidenciando, desta forma, a importância do exame oftalmológico como rotina no atendimento ao recém-nato nas primeiras 48 horas de vida.Objective: To verify the existence of ocular diseases in the first 48 hours of life of newborns and relate it to the clinical suspicious of pediatricians. Methods: A prospective study was performed. All infants that were born between July and December of 2000 were evaluated in the nursery of Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba (HUEC. Six hundred sixty-seven newborns were evaluated through a protocol by residents and tutors of ophthalmology, regardless of pediatricians’ suspicious of ocular disorder. The examination consisted of inspection, oblique illumination, evaluation of ocular

  2. Anoftalmia clínica bilateral associada à hidrocefalia congênita em cão

    OpenAIRE

    Palumbo,Mariana Isa Poci; Conti,Jorge Piovesan; Doiche,Danuta Pulz; Mamprim,Maria Jaqueline; Lourenço,Maria Lúcia Gomes; Machado,Luiz Henrique de Araújo

    2011-01-01

    A ausência completa do bulbo ocular é muito rara em cães e gatos, enquanto a hidrocefalia é comumente observada como distúrbio congênito em cães de raças miniatura ou braquicefálicas, com menos de um ano de idade. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de anoftalmia clínica bilateral associada à hidrocefalia congênita em um cão da raça poodle, sendo este o primeiro relato de caso da associação dessas alterações no Brasil.

  3. Ocular Tropism of Respiratory Viruses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rota, Paul A.; Tumpey, Terrence M.

    2013-01-01

    SUMMARY Respiratory viruses (including adenovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, and rhinovirus) cause a broad spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from mild influenza-like symptoms to acute respiratory failure. While species D adenoviruses and subtype H7 influenza viruses are known to possess an ocular tropism, documented human ocular disease has been reported following infection with all principal respiratory viruses. In this review, we describe the anatomical proximity and cellular receptor distribution between ocular and respiratory tissues. All major respiratory viruses and their association with human ocular disease are discussed. Research utilizing in vitro and in vivo models to study the ability of respiratory viruses to use the eye as a portal of entry as well as a primary site of virus replication is highlighted. Identification of shared receptor-binding preferences, host responses, and laboratory modeling protocols among these viruses provides a needed bridge between clinical and laboratory studies of virus tropism. PMID:23471620

  4. Temporal dynamics of ocular position dependence of the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crane, Benjamin T; Tian, Junru; Demer, Joseph L

    2006-04-01

    While an ideal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) generates ocular rotations compensatory for head motion, during visually guided movements, Listing's Law (LL) constrains the eye to rotational axes lying in Listing's Plane (LP). The present study was conducted to explore the recent proposal that the VOR's rotational axis is not collinear with the head's, but rather follows a time-dependent strategy intermediate between LL and an ideal VOR. Binocular LPs were defined during visual fixation in eight normal humans. The VOR was evoked by a highly repeatable transient whole-body yaw rotation in darkness at a peak acceleration of 2800 deg/s2. Immediately before rotation, subjects regarded targets 15 or 500 cm distant located at eye level, 20 degrees up, or 20 degrees down. Eye and head responses were compared with LL predictions in the position and velocity domains. LP orientation varied both among subjects and between individual subject's eyes, and rotated temporally with convergence by 5 +/- 5 degrees (+/-SEM). In the position domain, the eye compensated for head displacement even when the head rotated out of LP. Even within the first 20 ms from onset of head rotation, the ocular velocity axis tilted relative to the head axis by 30% +/- 8% of vertical gaze position. Saccades increased this tilt. Regardless of vertical gaze position, the ocular rotation axis tilted backward 4 degrees farther in abduction than in adduction. There was also a binocular vertical eye velocity transient and lateral tilt of the ocular axis. These disconjugate, short-latency axis perturbations appear intrinsic to the VOR and may have neural or mechanical origins.

  5. Seasonal and diurnal variations of ocular pressure in ocular hypertensive subjects in Pakistan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qureshi, I A; Xiao, R X; Yang, B H; Zhang, J; Xiang, D W; Hui, J L

    1999-05-01

    Studies have been shown that intraocular pressure (IOP) shows a diurnal variation in ocular hypertensive subjects, but the amount of change differs from study to study. In recent years it has been noted that intraocular pressure is a dynamic function and is subjected to many influences both acutely and over the long term. The variability in the results may be due to negligence of factors that can affect IOP. Moreover, seasonal variations in the ocular hypertensive subjects have never been described. After placing control on those factors that can affect IOP, this study investigated seasonal and diurnal variations in IOP of ocular hypertensive subjects. IOP was measured each month over the course of 12 months with the Goldmann applanation tonometer in 91 ocular hypertensive male subjects. To see the diurnal changes, subjects were asked to stay in the hospital for 24 hours. The average IOP in the winter months was higher than those in spring, summer, and autumn. The IOP difference between winter and summer was (mean +/- sem) 2.9 +/- 0.9 mmHg (p < 0.001). The peak of mean IOP in diurnal variation curve (25.7 +/- 1.2 mmHg) appeared in the morning when the subjects had just awaken. The mean diurnal variation was found to be 4.2 +/- 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001). This study confirms that seasons influence IOP and it shows diurnal variations. As compared to other nations, diurnal variations in ocular hypertensive subjects seem to be somewhat less in Pakistan. Knowledge of the seasonal and diurnal variations in IOP may help glaucoma screeners.

  6. The role of herpesviruses in ocular infections

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    Asim V Farooq

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Asim V Farooq1, Arpeet Shah1, Deepak Shukla21Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USAAbstract: Ocular infections caused by herpesviruses are an important cause of morbidity. The majority of cases are believed to be associated with herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1, although HSV-2, varicella zoster virus (VZV, cytomegalovirus (CMV and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV are also associated with various ocular diseases. The ability of some herpes viruses to infect various anatomic regions of the eye may be facilitated by entry processes that are cell-type specific, and in many cases may occur more frequently in the immunocompromised. The elimination of the role of herpesviruses in ocular disease remains elusive, as they often develop life-long latency in a large proportion of humans. Experimental vaccines for ocular HSV have shown some benefit in animal models, a result that has not been adequately demonstrated in clinical trials. Meanwhile, ocular involvement in VZV remains unpredictable, and CMV retinitis continues to be an important cause of blindness in those infected by HIV.Keywords: ocular herpes, viral entry, antivirals, epidemiology, seroprevalence, ocular lymphomas, viral vaccine

  7. Republished review: Gene therapy for ocular diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Melissa M; Tuo, Jingsheng; Chan, Chi-Chao

    2011-07-01

    The eye is an easily accessible, highly compartmentalised and immune-privileged organ that offers unique advantages as a gene therapy target. Significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic pathogenesis of ocular diseases, and gene replacement and gene silencing have been implicated as potentially efficacious therapies. Recent improvements have been made in the safety and specificity of vector-based ocular gene transfer methods. Proof-of-concept for vector-based gene therapies has also been established in several experimental models of human ocular diseases. After nearly two decades of ocular gene therapy research, preliminary successes are now being reported in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of Leber congenital amaurosis. This review describes current developments and future prospects for ocular gene therapy. Novel methods are being developed to enhance the performance and regulation of recombinant adeno-associated virus- and lentivirus-mediated ocular gene transfer. Gene therapy prospects have advanced for a variety of retinal disorders, including retinitis pigmentosa, retinoschisis, Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration. Advances have also been made using experimental models for non-retinal diseases, such as uveitis and glaucoma. These methodological advancements are critical for the implementation of additional gene-based therapies for human ocular diseases in the near future.

  8. Serological IgG avidity test for ocular toxoplasmosis

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    Suresh S

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Subramaniam Suresh1, Saidin Nor-Masniwati1, Muhd Nor Nor-Idahriani1, Wan-Hitam Wan-Hazabbah1, Mohamed Zeehaida2, Embong Zunaina11Department of Ophthalmology, 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin (Ig G avidity of serological toxoplasmosis testing in patients with ocular inflammation and to determine the clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients presenting with ocular inflammation to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia between 2005 and 2009 was undertaken. Visual acuity, clinical manifestations at presentation, toxoplasmosis antibody testing, and treatment records were analyzed.Results: A total of 130 patients with ocular inflammation were reviewed retrospectively. The patients had a mean age of 38.41 (standard deviation 19.24, range 6–83 years. Seventy-one patients (54.6% were found to be seropositive, of whom five (3.8% were both IgG and IgM positive (suggestive of recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis while one (0.8% showed IgG avidity ≤40% (suggestive of recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis and 65 patients (50.0% showed IgG avidity >40% (suggestive of reactivation of toxoplasmosis infection. Chorioretinal scarring as an ocular manifestation was significantly more common in patients with seropositive toxoplasmosis (P = 0.036. Eighteen patients (13.8% were diagnosed as having recent and/or active ocular toxoplasmosis based on clinical manifestations and serological testing.Conclusion: Ocular toxoplasmosis is a clinical diagnosis, but specific toxoplasmosis antibody testing helps to support the diagnosis and to differentiate between reactivation of infection and recently acquired ocular toxoplasmosis.Keywords: ocular toxoplasmosis, chorioretinal scar, toxoplasmosis antibody, IgG avidity test

  9. 21 CFR 882.1790 - Ocular plethysmograph.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ...) MEDICAL DEVICES NEUROLOGICAL DEVICES Neurological Diagnostic Devices § 882.1790 Ocular plethysmograph. (a) Identification. An ocular plethysmograph is a device used to measure or detect volume changes in the eye produced...

  10. The importance of communication in pediatric oncology palliative care: focus on Humanistic Nursing Theory Importancia de la comunicación en los cuidados paliativos en oncología pediátrica: un enfoque en la Teoría Humanística de Enfermería Importância da comunicação nos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica: enfoque na Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jael Rúbia Figueiredo de Sá França

    2013-06-01

    en el niño con cáncer y es de suma importancia para la promoción de los cuidados paliativos cuando fundamentada en la Teoría Humanística de Enfermería. OBJETIVO: investigar e analisar a comunicação nos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica, sob o ponto de vista de enfermeiros, com base na Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem. MÉTODO: trata-se de pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa, da qual participaram dez enfermeiros atuantes em oncologia pediátrica, de um hospital público brasileiro. Para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. Os depoimentos foram analisados qualitativamente, à luz da Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem, e nas cinco fases da Enfermagem Fenomenológica. RESULTADOS: da análise do material empírico do estudo, emergiram duas categorias temáticas: "estratégia para humanizar o cuidar em enfermagem, com ênfase no alívio do sofrimento da criança" e "estratégia para fortalecer o vínculo de confiança entre enfermeiro e criança". CONCLUSÃO: a comunicação se configura como um elemento eficaz no cuidado com a criança com câncer e é de suma importância para a promoção dos cuidados paliativos quando alicerçada na Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem.

  11. Importância da visão binocular no desempenho da leitura em crianças

    OpenAIRE

    Lança, Carla Costa

    2012-01-01

    Objectivos do estudo: 1) identificar os movimentos oculares envolvidos na leitura e (2) descrever a influência das anomalias da visão binocular no desempenho da leitura em crianças. Metodologia: estudo descritivo baseado numa revisão de literatura. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa de referências publicadas até 2011, acessíveis através da PubMed, da Science Direct e de outras fontes adicionais. Os seguintes termos foram utilizados na pesquisa: binocular vision AND reading; ocular mo...

  12. Surfing-related ocular injuries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, J W; McDonald, H R; Rubsamen, P E; Luttrull, J K; Drouilhet, J H; Frambach, D A; Boyer, D S; Lambrou, F H; Hendrick, A; Weiss, J N; Engstrom, R E; Ing, M

    1998-01-01

    This report evaluates the clinical characteristics of surfing-related ocular trauma to learn the nature of such injuries and propose possible preventive measures. The authors reviewed 11 cases of surfing-related eye injuries caused by direct trauma from the surfboard, studying their mechanism of injury, the associated ocular complications, and the anatomic and visual outcomes of surgical repair. Surfing-related ocular injuries occurred exclusively in young males (mean age, 24.8 years; range, 14-37 years). The mechanism of injury most frequently responsible was impact with the sharp nose of the surfboard following a fall. Serious posterior segment complications were observed in all 11 patients, with nine patients suffering ruptured globes. Despite immediate medical attention, five patients did not recover ambulatory levels of visual acuity (>5/200). Surfing-related ocular trauma presenting to the retinal specialist typically leaves the patient with a permanent visual disability. Important factors contributing to these high-velocity injuries include the sharply pointed nose of the surfboard and the leash keeping the surfer in close proximity to the board following a fall. A simple modification in surfboard design such as blunting the sharp nose of the surfboard, or appropriate protective guards fitted over the surfboard nose, should lessen the severity of such injuries.

  13. Artefactos en ultrasonido ocular

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    Mariana Mayorquín Ruiz

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available El ultrasonido ocular es un estudio dependiente del operador. Un buen estudio ecográfico debe tener como base el conocimiento de la anatomía y fisiología normales y de los cambios producidos en diferentes enfermedades, así como los cambios tras una cirugía ocular o trauma. El conocimiento de los fenómenos físicos producidos por el ultrasonido es la base para entender y reconocer la presencia de artefactos en el ultrasonido ocular. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo hacer un recuento de los artefactos que pueden ocasionar confusión al interpretar una imagen ecográfica, así como explicar la base física en la que se basan, reduciendo de esta manera los errores de interpretación y diagnósticos.

  14. Update on ocular toxicity of ethambutol

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    Priscilla Makunyane

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this review is to update clinicians on available literature on the ocular toxicity of ethambutol and the type of eye care to be provided to patients treated with these medications. Ethambutol is a commonly used first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. Since its first use in the 1960s, ocular toxicity is described as related to dose and duration, and it is reversible on therapy discontinuation. However, the reversibility of the toxic optic neuropathy remains controversial. The mechanism of ocular toxicity owing to ethambutol is still under investigation. Other than discontinuing the drug, no specific treatment is available for the optic neuropathy caused by ethambutol. Doctors prescribing ethambutol should be aware of the ocular toxicity, and the drug should be used with proper patient education and ophthalmic monitoring.

  15. Clinical application of ocular trauma score for mechanical ocular injury in armed forces

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    Ying ZHANG

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Objective To evaluate the predictive value of ocular trauma score(OTS in mechanical ocular injuries occurring in military forces,and compare the difference of OTS application between ocular injury caused by military training and non-military training.Methods The data of 633 inpatients from armed forces suffering from injury of 665 eyes were retrospectively reviewed.Of the 665 injured eyes,326 were injured during military training and 339 during non-military training.The likelihood of final visual acuity(VA calculated with the OTS score was compared with that by the present OTS study,and the correlation between the score and final VA was then analyzed.Results Compared with the distribution of final VA in standard OTS score,the ratio in category 1 was statistically different in present study(P 0.05.There were significant differences in ratio of category 3 between eyes injured by military and non-military training(P < 0.05,and both ratios in category 1 were significantly different compared with those in standard OTS(P < 0.01,e.g.the ratio of NLP was lower(50% vs 73%,P < 0.01;43% vs 73%,P < 0.01;and the ratio in category 2 was significantly different between the eyes injured by non-military training and standard OTS(P < 0.05.However,the OTS showed positive correlation with final VA in present study(P < 0.0001.Conclusion OTS calculated at initial examination may primarily provide a piece of prognostic information of mechanical ocular injuries,and is of special benefit for deciding a prompt management or for evacuation decision for severe ocular injuries caused by military training.

  16. Tuberculosis ocular

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    Francisco Infante Barrera

    1950-01-01

    Full Text Available La evolución etiológica de la medicina la podemos dividir en dos grandes períodos: período de la sífilis y período de la tuberculosis. El período de la sífilis, gracias a las armas de combate de que hoy disponemos, ocupa un lugar secundario. El período de la tuberculosis y que no es sino el paralelo de la vida moderna, ocupa en vigencia el primer lugar. Es el período presente. Hasta hace poco tiempo el médico en general, iniciaba la exploración de su paciente con un interrogatorio, una inspección, un tacto y una serología con una obsesión sifilítica. En la época actual el médico y en especial el oftalmólogo debe tener una obsesión tuberculosa en la investigación etiológica. Cuántas veces en una afección ocular que de una manera lenta pero progresiva produce profundas alteraciones oculares, lleva el sello soterrado de una tuberculosis? Cuántos enfermos de una constitución en apariencia envidiable hacen precisamente por un exceso de sus defensas una alergia tuberculosa? Tan traicionera como la sífilis es la tuberculosis. La sífilis quema sus etapas y estalla con una hemorragia cerebral, una locura, una parálisis general, una ataxia locomotriz progresiva, una goma o una meningitis sifilítica. La tuberculosis hace su presentación con una afección ocular, una goma, una granulia, una artritis, una osteítis, o una meningitis óptico-quiasmática. Siendo esto así, es necesario, en la mayoría de las afecciones oculares, tratar de identificarla por los medios de diagnóstico de que hoy disponemos.

  17. Quality of life in purely ocular myasthenia in Japan

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-01-01

    Background Since there has been no conclusive evidence regarding the treatment of ocular myasthenia, treatment guidelines were recently issued by the European Federation of Neurological Societies/European Neurological Society (EFNS/ENS). However, the therapeutic outcomes concerning the quality-of-life (QOL) of patients with ocular myasthenia are not yet fully understood. Methods We investigated the therapeutic outcomes of patients with purely ocular myasthenia in a multicenter cross-sectional survey in Japan. To evaluate the severity of ocular symptoms, we used the ocular-quantitative MG (QMG) score advocated by Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. We used the Japanese translated version of the MG-QOL15, a self-appraised scoring system. Results Of 607 myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with an observation-duration of illness ≥ 2 years, the cases of 123 patients (20%) were limited to ocular muscles (purely ocular myasthenia). During the entire clinical course, 81 patients experienced both ptosis and diplopia, 36 had ptosis alone, and six had diplopia alone. Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors and prednisolone were used in 98 and 52 patients, respectively. Treatment improved ocular symptoms, with the mean reduction in ocular-QMG score of 2.3 ± 1.8 points. However, 47 patients (38%) failed to gain minimal manifestation or a better status. Patients with unfavorable outcomes also self-reported severe QOL impairment. Multivariate analyses showed that the pretreatment ocular-QMG score was associated with unfavorable outcomes, but not associated with the patient’s QOL. Conclusion A treatment strategy designed in accord with a patient's ocular presentation must be considered in order to improve ocular symptoms and the patient's QOL. PMID:24996227

  18. Uso do plasma rico em plaquetas no reparo de úlceras de córnea profundas induzidas em coelhos. Avaliação clínica e histomorfométrica

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    C. Donatti

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se e comparou-se, clinicamente, por meio de histopatologia e morfometria, o processo de reparação corneana de úlceras experimentais induzidas em coelhos, com o uso de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP sob a forma de colírio ou tampão. Foram utilizados 60 coelhos, constituindo-se quatro grupos experimentais de 15 animais cada, designados grupo plaqueta (GP, grupo tampão (GT, grupo controle (GC e grupo controle amniótica (GA. Os grupos experimentais foram subdivididos em três subgrupos (M4, M7, M30, de acordo com o período final de avaliação, aos quatro, sete e 30 dias, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos utilizados quanto aos sinais relacionados à sensibilidade ocular, quemose e secreção ocular. Os grupos tratados com PRP, na forma de tampão ou colírio, apresentaram menor opacidade corneana do que os animais tratados apenas com membrana amniótica no momento final de avaliação. Quanto à presença da úlcera corneana, os grupos tratados com PRP apresentaram menor ulceração corneana em relação aos demais grupos. No exame histomorfométrico, verificou-se maior epitelização corneana na fase inicial da lesão no tratamento à base de colírio de plasma rico em plaquetas. O uso da membrana amniótica promoveu espessamento do epitélio e estroma corneano, com sinergismo dela quando associada ao plasma rico em plaquetas.

  19. Abordagem processual e ensino de tradução: uma proposta de unidade didática para o par espanhol-português baseada em dados de rastreamento ocular e registro de teclado e mouse

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    Gleiton Malta

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de unidade didática baseada no enfoque por tarefas e em dados empíricos de processo tradutório capturados em tempo real por meio de equipamento de rastreamento ocular e programa de registro de teclado e mouse. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação que contempla dois ramos do campo disciplinar dos Estudos da Tradução: o descritivo e o aplicado. Com base nos dados empíricos, elaborou-se uma unidade didática cujo objetivo principal é a prática, docente e discente, da leitura para tradução, acentuando suas especificidades em cada fase do processo tradutório: orientação, redação e revisão (Jakobsen, 2002. Os resultados da experiência de aplicação da unidade proposta apontaram para o desenvolvimento de uma maior autonomia do estudante e maior consciência sobre seu processo. Para o docente/pesquisador, possibilitou o uso de uma ação sistemática, sequenciada e com objetivos e procedimentos específicos para a aula de tradução espanhol-português, além da unificação dos ramos descritivo e aplicado.

  20. Rehabilitación protésica por pérdida ocular traumática Prosthetic rehabilitation for the traumatic ocular loss

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    Susana Vilar Salas

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se describir el protocolo para la atención del paciente con trauma en el servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de pérdida del globo ocular por cualquier etiología. Para esto se realizó una revisión sobre trauma ocular y rehabilitacion ocular por prótesis en internet y de la literatura impresa nacional e internacional. El esquema de tratamiento de rehabilitación se realiza en estos pacientes desde que termina la cirugía con la utilización del conformador, la protesis ocular definitiva hasta el seguimiento por el departamento de prótesis. Comenzar el tratamiento de forma inmediata es importante para lograr la excelencia en la adaptación de la prótesis ocular definitiva.This paper described the protocol for the care of trauma patients at the emergency service with diagnosis of loss of the eyeball for any cause. To this end, a review of ocular trauma and ocular rehabilitation by using prosthesis was made on Internet and on the national and international printed literature. The rehabilitation treatment program is applied to these patients from the end of the surgery, aided by the contourer and the definitive ocular prosthesis, to the follow-up process carried out by the prosthetic department. The early start of treatment is important to fully succeed in tailoring the final ocular prosthesis.

  1. Ocular defects in cerebral palsy

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    Katoch Sabita

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available There is a high prevalence of ocular defects in children with developmental disabilities. This study evaluated visual disability in a group of 200 cerebral palsy (CP patients and found that 68% of the children had significant visual morbidity. These findings emphasize the need for an early ocular examination in patients with CP.

  2. Nursing care management to men with cancer

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    Maria Gefé da Rosa Mesquita

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Discutir as interações entre perspectiva de gênero e integralidade na gerência do cuidado de enfermagem a homens com câncer. Método: Estudo qualitativo, orientado pela Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O cenário foi um Hospital Federal do Município do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil e os sujeitos, todos os 6 enfermeiros do serviço de oncologia, que concederam entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Resultados: Cinco categorias emergiram gerando o fenômeno: Ressignificando a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem mediante a perspectiva de gênero a fim de assegurar a integralidade ao homem com câncer. Na interação com os homens com câncer em tratamento antineoplásico, enfermeiros ouvem a influência da masculinidade em suas vidas e detectam a necessidade de inclusão da perspectiva de gênero em sua prática profissional. Conclusão: Assegurar a integralidade do cuidado ao homem lança o desafio de se colocar no lugar do mesmo, reconhecer suas necessidades singulares e assim ressignificar a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem.  Descritores: Saúde do Homem; Enfermagem; Assistência Integral à Saúde; Oncologia; Gerência.

  3. The impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues: a review of ocular effects

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    Marilita M. Moschos

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this manuscript is to review the action and adverse effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs on ocular tissues. The percentage of unwanted pregnancies and the subsequent abortions make contraception crucial worldwide. Over 100 million women around the world use common contraceptive methods, including intrauterine devices, combined estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, as well as progestin only preparations (oral contraceptives, implants or injections. COCs are widely used for contraception, but they are also indicated in menorrhagia, endometriosis, acne and hirsutism, fibroid uterus and premenstrual syndrome. However, they have been associated with high rates of cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolic disease, ischemic strokes and breast cancer. The incidence of COCs-related ocular complications is estimated to be 1 in 230 000, including dry eye symptoms, corneal edema, lens opacities and retinal neuro-ophthalmologic or vascular complications. We may infer that the serious ocular complications of COCs can be prevented by eliminating the estrogen dosage and choosing third-generation progestins. In any case, doctors should take into consideration the systemic and ocular history of the patients before selecting any method of contraception.

  4. Perspectivas no tratamento da alergia ocular: revisão das principais estratégias terapêuticas

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    Leda das Neves Almeida Sandrin

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO As alergias oculares englobam uma série de doenças inflamatórias da superfície ocular, causadas por diferentes mecanismos de hipersensibilidade. Acometem aproximadamente 20% da população e podem ser classificadas em formas mediadas por hipersensibilidade tipo I (CAS, CAP, tipo I e IV (CCV, CCA e tipo IV (BCC, CPG. As formas mais prevalentes são CAS e CAP. As formas crônicas (CCV, CCA estão mais frequentemente relacionadas a complicações e comprometimento da função visual decorrentes do processo inflamatório e consequente remodelação da superfície ocular. Comorbidades como olho seco e ceratocone podem estar presentes. O tratamento envolve diagnóstico e afastamento dos fatores etiológicos envolvidos, uso de drogas anti-inflamatórias que atuem na ação de linfócitos Th2, eosinófilos, mastócitos e células dendríticas Avanços no conhecimento da ativação e tráfego de células do sistema imune têm sido promissores na perspectiva de novas abordagens terapêuticas.

  5. Ocularity Feature Contrast Attracts Attention Exogenously

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Zhaoping

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available An eye-of-origin singleton, e.g., a bar shown to the left eye among many other bars shown to the right eye, can capture attention and gaze exogenously or reflexively, even when it appears identical to other visual input items in the scene and when the eye-of-origin feature is irrelevant to the observer’s task. Defining saliency as the strength of exogenous attraction to attention, we say that this eye-of-origin singleton, or its visual location, is salient. Defining the ocularity of a visual input item as the relative difference between its left-eye input and its right-eye input, this paper shows the general case that an ocularity singleton is also salient. For example, a binocular input item among monocular input items is salient, so is a left-eye-dominant input item (e.g., a bar with a higher input contrast to the left eye than to the right eye among right-eye-dominant items. Saliency by unique input ocularity is analogous to saliency by unique input colour (e.g., a red item among green ones, as colour is determined by the relative difference(s between visual inputs to different photoreceptor cones. Just as a smaller colour difference between a colour singleton and background items makes this singleton less salient, so does a smaller ocularity difference between an ocularity singleton and background items. While a salient colour difference is highly visible, a salient ocularity difference is often perceptually invisible in some cases and discouraging gaze shifts towards it in other cases, making its behavioural manifestation not as apparent. Saliency by ocularity contrast provides another support to the idea that the primary visual cortex creates a bottom-up saliency map to guide attention exogenously.

  6. Electromagnetic design of a pos-accelerator of protons for ocular neoplasm therapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rabelo, Luísa de Araújo

    2016-01-01

    Proton therapy is an effective technique in the treatment and control of cancer, which is not available in most countries. The low number of specialized centers for this type of treatment is because of the high cost of implementing and maintaining the accelerators. This study presents a model for the Electromagnetic (EM) acceleration of protons to sufficient energies for the treatment of ocular tumors. This is the scientific possibility of a compact technology that uses cyclotrons to produce radioisotopes (present in various countries) as accelerator guns via an analytical assessment of the physical parameters of the beam and a simulation of the electromagnetic equipment structures, acceleration, and movement of the proton beam using CST STUDIO® 3D 2015 (Computer Simulation Technology) software. In addition, the geometry required to provide synchronization between the acceleration and beam path was analyzed using the motion equations of the protons. The simulations show a final model that is compact and simplified as compared with the isochronic cyclotron and synchrotron (used for proton therapy). The synchronism requirements of a circular accelerator are fulfilled in this model so that in all orbits the beam has the same movement time. The extraction energy of the presented model is sufficient for the treatment of ocular tumors. This is an alternative method that could improve the quality of life for patients with ocular tumors in developing countries. Future studies will be conducted to complete the technical design presentation and evaluate the accelerated beam's interaction with neoplastic tissues. (author)

  7. Purinergic Receptors in Ocular Inflammation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Guzman-Aranguez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Inflammation is a complex process that implies the interaction between cells and molecular mediators, which, when not properly “tuned,” can lead to disease. When inflammation affects the eye, it can produce severe disorders affecting the superficial and internal parts of the visual organ. The nucleoside adenosine and nucleotides including adenine mononucleotides like ADP and ATP and dinucleotides such as P1,P4-diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A, and P1,P5-diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A are present in different ocular locations and therefore they may contribute/modulate inflammatory processes. Adenosine receptors, in particular A2A adenosine receptors, present anti-inflammatory action in acute and chronic retinal inflammation. Regarding the A3 receptor, selective agonists like N6-(3-iodobenzyl-5′-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (CF101 have been used for the treatment of inflammatory ophthalmic diseases such as dry eye and uveoretinitis. Sideways, diverse stimuli (sensory stimulation, large intraocular pressure increases can produce a release of ATP from ocular sensory innervation or after injury to ocular tissues. Then, ATP will activate purinergic P2 receptors present in sensory nerve endings, the iris, the ciliary body, or other tissues surrounding the anterior chamber of the eye to produce uveitis/endophthalmitis. In summary, adenosine and nucleotides can activate receptors in ocular structures susceptible to suffer from inflammatory processes. This involvement suggests the possible use of purinergic agonists and antagonists as therapeutic targets for ocular inflammation.

  8. TWO-DIMENSIONAL REAL-TIME ULTRASONIC BIOMETRY OF OCULAR GLOBE OF DOMESTIC CATS. BIOMETRÍA ULTRASÓNICA BIDIMENSIONAL EN TIEMPO REAL DEL BULBO OCULAR DE GATOS. BIOMETRIA ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICA BIDIMENSIONAL EM TEMPO REAL DE BULBO OCULAR DE GATOS DOMÉSTICOS.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ney Luis Pippi

    2009-09-01

    lente (D2, el diámetro de la lente (D3, la distancia entre la cápsula posterior de la lente hasta la retina (D4, y la distancia entre la córnea y la retina (D5. Las medidas habían sido agrupadas y conseguido medio, de los promedios fueron aplicados una prueba estadística del análisis de variación, con el nivel de la significación de el 5%, verificar la homogeneidad de las medidas. El extremo de los bulbos oculares saludables de gatos domésticos produce imágenes con las medidas medias de los 0,39cm para D1, los 0,68cm para D2, el 1,25cm para D3, los 0,78cm para D4 y el 1,86cm para D5. No se observo diferencia significativa entre el sexo, las edades aplicadas, los pesos o los cortes. O olho é um órgão ideal para o exame ultrassonográfico, porque é de fácil acesso e contém várias superfícies reflexivas ou interfaces. Para o exame ultrassonográfico do bulbo ocular são necessárias altas frequências para se delinear adequadamente os tecidos. Para a obtenção das medidas, foram utilizados sessenta olhos de trinta gatos, realizando-se cortes sagitais e transversais com transdutor microconvexo de 7,5MHz. Efetuaram-se medidas a partir da córnea em direção à retina. Foram registradas medidas da distância entre a córnea e a cápsula anterior da lente (D1, espessura da lente (D2, diâmetro da lente (D3, distância entre a cápsula posterior da lente até a retina (D4, e distância entre a córnea e a retina (D5. Agruparam-se as medidas e obtiveram-se as médias. A partir das médias, foi aplicado um teste estatístico de análise de variância, com nível de significância de 5%, para se verificar a homogeneidade das medidas. A ultrassonografia de bulbos oculares saudáveis de gatos domésticos produz imagens com medidas médias de 0,39cm para D1, 0,68cm para D2, 1,25cm para D3, 0,78cm para D4 e 1,86cm para D5. Não se observou diferença significativa entre os sexos, idades, pesos ou cortes aplicados.

    PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Biometria, gatos

  9. Ocular involvement in paediatric haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sturm, Veit; Menke, Marcel N; Landau, Klara; Laube, Guido F; Neuhaus, Thomas J

    2010-11-01

    The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and severity of ocular involvement in paediatric patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). The study was designed as an institutional, retrospective, observational case series. Charts for all 87 paediatric patients with HUS treated at the University Children's Hospital Zurich between 1995 and 2007 were reviewed. Patients with ocular involvement were identified and clinical findings presented. Three of 69 examined patients with HUS showed ocular involvement. Ophthalmic findings in two children were consistent with bilateral Purtscher retinopathy, showing multiple haemorrhages, exudations and superficial retinal whitening. The third child presented with bilateral isolated central intraretinal haemorrhages as a milder form of ocular involvement. In one of the children with Purtscher retinopathy, laser photocoagulation was required for bilateral rubeosis irides and development of disc neovascularization. Longterm outcomes in the two severely affected children showed decreased visual acuity caused by partial atrophy of the optic nerves. In the milder case visual acuity was not impaired at any time. A minority of paediatric patients with HUS developed ocular involvement. Acute ocular findings varied in severity from isolated intraretinal haemorrhages to Purtscher-like retinopathy with retinal ischaemia. Longterm complications included the development of neovascularizations and consecutive optic nerve atrophy. Although ocular involvement in HUS seems to be rare, physicians should be aware of this complication because of its possible vision-endangering consequences. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Acta Ophthalmol.

  10. Dry Eye Management: Targeting the Ocular Surface Microenvironment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xiaobo; Jeyalatha M, Vimalin; Qu, Yangluowa; He, Xin; Ou, Shangkun; Bu, Jinghua; Jia, Changkai; Wang, Junqi; Wu, Han; Liu, Zuguo

    2017-01-01

    Dry eye can damage the ocular surface and result in mild corneal epithelial defect to blinding corneal pannus formation and squamous metaplasia. Significant progress in the treatment of dry eye has been made in the last two decades; progressing from lubricating and hydrating the ocular surface with artificial tear to stimulating tear secretion; anti-inflammation and immune regulation. With the increase in knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of dry eye, we propose in this review the concept of ocular surface microenvironment. Various components of the microenvironment contribute to the homeostasis of ocular surface. Compromise in one or more components can result in homeostasis disruption of ocular surface leading to dry eye disease. Complete evaluation of the microenvironment component changes in dry eye patients will not only lead to appropriate diagnosis, but also guide in timely and effective clinical management. Successful treatment of dry eye should be aimed to restore the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment. PMID:28661456

  11. Dry Eye Management: Targeting the Ocular Surface Microenvironment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Xiaobo; M, Vimalin Jeyalatha; Qu, Yangluowa; He, Xin; Ou, Shangkun; Bu, Jinghua; Jia, Changkai; Wang, Junqi; Wu, Han; Liu, Zuguo; Li, Wei

    2017-06-29

    Dry eye can damage the ocular surface and result in mild corneal epithelial defect to blinding corneal pannus formation and squamous metaplasia. Significant progress in the treatment of dry eye has been made in the last two decades; progressing from lubricating and hydrating the ocular surface with artificial tear to stimulating tear secretion; anti-inflammation and immune regulation. With the increase in knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of dry eye, we propose in this review the concept of ocular surface microenvironment. Various components of the microenvironment contribute to the homeostasis of ocular surface. Compromise in one or more components can result in homeostasis disruption of ocular surface leading to dry eye disease. Complete evaluation of the microenvironment component changes in dry eye patients will not only lead to appropriate diagnosis, but also guide in timely and effective clinical management. Successful treatment of dry eye should be aimed to restore the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment.

  12. Factors associated with childhood ocular morbidity and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal: Nepal pediatric ocular disease study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adhikari, Srijana; Shrestha, Mohan Krishna; Adhikari, Kamala; Maharjan, Nhukesh; Shrestha, Ujjowala Devi

    2014-10-23

    Nepal Pediatric Ocular Diseases Study is a three year longitudinal population based study. Here we present the baseline survey report which aims to investigate various risk factors associated with childhood ocular morbidity and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal. This baseline survey is a population based cross sectional study. The investigation was conducted in a district from each of the following regions: Terai, Hill and Mountain. The Village Development Committees (VDCs) from each district were selected by random sampling. Three Community health workers were given training on vision screening and identification of abnormal ocular signs in children. They conducted a house to house survey in their respected districts examining the children and gathering a standardized set of data variables. Children with abnormal vision or ocular signs were then further examined by pediatric ophthalmologists. A total of 10950 children aged 0-10 years (5403 from Terai, 3204 from the hills, 2343 from the mountains) were enrolled in the study. However 681 (6.2%) were non responders. The male to female ratio was 1.03. The overall prevalence of ocular morbidity was 3.7% (95% CI of 3.4%-4%) and blindness was 0.07% (95% CI of 0.02%-0.12%). Ocular morbidity was more prevalent in the mountain region whereas blindness was more prevalent in the Terai region.Children from the Terai region were more likely to suffer from congenital ocular anomalies compared to the other regions. Children whose mother smoked, drank alcohol, or was illiterate were significantly afflicted with ocular diseases (p Blindness was more prevalent in children who suffered from a systemic illness. Females and under-nourished children were more likely to have ocular morbidity and blindness. It was found that childhood blindness was more prevalent in the Terai region, the undernourished, females and in those with co-morbid systemic illnesses. This study strongly suggests that prevention of childhood

  13. Ocular myasthenia gravis: Side effect of urografin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nitin Modi

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Ocular myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction. Diplopia and ptosis are common symptoms at the onset of ocular myasthenia gravis. It may occur due to the antibodies developed against various drugs. We are reporting a case of ocular myasthenia gravis which was developed in a patient post angiography which may be due to antibody developed against the dye used in angiography.

  14. The Ocular Surface Chemical Burns

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    Medi Eslani

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Ocular chemical burns are common and serious ocular emergencies that require immediate and intensive evaluation and care. The victims of such incidents are usually young, and therefore loss of vision and disfigurement could dramatically affect their lives. The clinical course can be divided into immediate, acute, early, and late reparative phases. The degree of limbal, corneal, and conjunctival involvement at the time of injury is critically associated with prognosis. The treatment starts with simple but vision saving steps and is continued with complicated surgical procedures later in the course of the disease. The goal of treatment is to restore the normal ocular surface anatomy and function. Limbal stem cell transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, and ultimately keratoprosthesis may be indicated depending on the patients’ needs.

  15. Clinics of ocular tuberculosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, Vishali; Shoughy, Samir S; Mahajan, Sarakshi; Khairallah, Moncef; Rosenbaum, James T; Curi, Andre; Tabbara, Khalid F

    2015-02-01

    Ocular tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition and has variable manifestations. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical manifestations of ocular tuberculosis affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Review of literature using Pubmed database. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may lead to formation of conjunctival granuloma, nodular scleritis, and interstitial keratitis. Lacrimal gland and orbital caseating granulomas are rare but may occur. The intraocular structures are also a target of insult by M. tuberculosis and may cause anterior granulomatous uveitis, anterior and posterior synechiae, secondary glaucoma, and cataract. The bacillus may involve the ciliary body, resulting in the formation of a localized caseating granuloma. Posterior segment manifestations include vitritis, retinal vasculitis, optic neuritis, serpiginous-like choroiditis, choroidal tubercules, subretinal neovascularization, and, rarely, endophthalmitis. The recognition of clinical signs of ocular tuberculosis is of utmost importance as it can provide clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-tuberculosis therapy.

  16. Avaliação da sensibilidade ao contraste e da estereopsia em pacientes com lente intra-ocular multifocal Contrast sensitivity and stereopsis in pseudophakic patients with multifocal intraocular lens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filipe de Oliveira

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade ao contraste e a acuidade estereoscópica em pacientes pseudofácicos, que receberam implante bilateral de lente intra-ocular multifocal. MÉTODOS: Prospectivamente foram realizados testes de sensibilidade ao contraste com o uso da tabela Pelli-Robson e teste de acuidade estereoscópica com emprego do Titmus Stereo Test, em 20 pacientes com implante bilateral de lente intra-ocular multifocal Acrysof Restor®, no pós-operatório de 1 a 2 meses e sem uso de qualquer correção óptica. RESULTADOS:O teste de sensibilidade ao contraste binocular demonstrou que 6 pacientes (30% apresentaram 1,80 unid. log, 13 (65% 1,65 e 1 (5% 1,50. No teste monocular, ocorreram as seguintes respostas: 17 pacientes (85% 1,65 unid. log e 3 (15% 1,50 para o teste do olho direito. O teste do olho esquerdo mostrou que 16 pacientes (80% apresentaram 1,65 unid. log e 4 (20% 1,50. A média e o desvio-padrão da sensibilidade ao contraste testada binocularmente foi 1,69 (±0,08, ao passo que monocularmente foi 1,63 (±0,05 para OD e 1,62 (±0,06 para OE. O teste de acuidade estereoscópica revelou que 12 pacientes (60% obtiveram 40", 6 (30% 50" e 2 (10% 60", com média de 45" e desvio-padrão de ±6,88". CONCLUSÃO: A lente intra-ocular empregada no estudo, proporcionou resultados de sensibilidade ao contraste e acuidade estereoscópica compatíveis e de acordo com critérios de normalidade estabelecidos anteriormente por outros estudos em grupos de pacientes fácicos e pseudofácicos, e portanto, impacto positivo na funcionalidade visual.PURPOSE: To evaluate the contrast sensitivity and stereopsis tests in patients who underwent bilateral implantation of multifocal intraocular lens. METHODS: Tests of contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson chart and stereopsis evaluation with the Titmus Stereo Test were performed in 20 patients 30-60 days after the bilateral implantation of Acrysof Restor® multifocal intraocular lens. RESULTS: The

  17. Ocular hemodynamics and glaucoma: the role of mathematical modeling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harris, Alon; Guidoboni, Giovanna; Arciero, Julia C; Amireskandari, Annahita; Tobe, Leslie A; Siesky, Brent A

    2013-01-01

    To discuss the role of mathematical modeling in studying ocular hemodynamics, with a focus on glaucoma. We reviewed recent literature on glaucoma, ocular blood flow, autoregulation, the optic nerve head, and the use of mathematical modeling in ocular circulation. Many studies suggest that alterations in ocular hemodynamics play a significant role in the development, progression, and incidence of glaucoma. Although there is currently a limited number of studies involving mathematical modeling of ocular blood flow, regulation, and diseases (such as glaucoma), preliminary modeling work shows the potential of mathematical models to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute most significantly to glaucoma progression. Mathematical modeling is a useful tool when used synergistically with clinical and laboratory data in the study of ocular blood flow and glaucoma. The development of models to investigate the relationship between ocular hemodynamic alterations and glaucoma progression will provide a unique and useful method for studying the pathophysiology of glaucoma.

  18. [Predictive ocular motor control in Parkinson's disease].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ying, Li; Liu, Zhen-Guo; Chen, Wei; Gan, Jing; Wang, Wen-An

    2008-02-19

    To investigate the changes of predictive ocular motor function in the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to discuss its clinical value. Videonystagmography (VNG) was used to examine 24 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, 15 males and 9 females, aged 61 +/- 6 (50-69), and 24 sex and age-matched healthy control subjects on random ocular saccade (with the target moving at random intervals to random positions) and predictive ocular saccade (with the 1.25-second light target moving 10 degrees right or left from the center). In the random ocular saccade program, the latency of saccade of the PD patients was 284 ms +/- 58 ms, significantly longer than that of the healthy controls (236 ms +/- 37 ms, P = 0.003). In the predictive ocular saccade pattern, the latency of saccades the PD patients was 150 ms +/- 138 ms, significantly longer than that of the healthy controls (59 ms +/- 102 ms, P = 0.002). The appearance rate of predictive saccades (with the latency of saccade <80 ms) in the PD group was 21%, significantly lower than that in the control group (31%, P = 0.003). There is dysfunction of predictive ocular motor control in the PD patients, and the cognitive function may be impaired at the early stage of PD.

  19. Computed Tomography: Ocular Manifestations In Acute Head Injury

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Administrator

    Methods: We reviewed 98 brain computed tomographic results retrospectively. ... was also performed to compare the difference of the ocular findings and sexes. ... Ocular findings were more in males and the severity of the ocular findings was .... Male. Female. Indications. Acute mild closed head injury. 12(15.0). 1(5.6).

  20. Albinism: particular attention to the ocular motor system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hertle, Richard W

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this report is to summarize an understanding of the ocular motor system in patients with albinism. Other than the association of vertical eccentric gaze null positions and asymmetric, (a) periodic alternating nystagmus in a large percentage of patients, the ocular motor system in human albinism does not contain unique pathology, rather has "typical" types of infantile ocular oscillations and binocular disorders. Both the ocular motor and afferent visual system are affected to varying degrees in patients with albinism, thus, combined treatment of both systems will maximize visual function.

  1. Profile of ocular injury in pediatric age group

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kanishk Singh

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To study the clinical profile of ocular injuries in children in a tertiary care center in Northern India.METHODS: This was a hospital based descriptive study. All children of ocular injuries up to 16y of age were included. Data regarding the socio-economic status, medical/surgical treatment, and condition at discharge were recorded. Follow-up to 3mo was done in the study. Initial and final visual acuity was recorded. Ocular Trauma Classification Group guidelines and Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology were used for the definitions and classifications of ocular trauma. Socio-economic status grading is done according to modified B.G. Prasad classification and Kuppuswamy's socio-economic scale.RESULTS: Out of 42 children, male to female ratio was 3.6:1.Maximum number(50%of injuries occurred between 11-16y of age. Most of the children(59.52%belonged to lower socio-economic class and were from arural background. Ocular injuries occurred at home in 20(47.61%children followed by 6(14.28%each in school, playground, and street. Open globe injuries were seen in 19(45.24%children and 23(54.75%children had closed globe injuries. Injuries by wooden stick, stone, firework, fall, toy were 12(28.57%, 5(11.90%, 3(7.14%, 3(7.14%, and 2(4.76%. Seventeen(40.47%children required medical management and 25(59.53%were treated surgically.CONCLUSION:Male children in rural regions and of lower socio-economic background were more prone to ocular injuries. Children were more risk of ocular injuries at home. Wooden sticks and stone were the commonest cause of ocular injuries. Ocular morbidity and poor visual outcome were seen more in open globe injuries. Further population-based studies are required to reinforce findings of present study. Based on this, a long term strategy can be planned to prevent ocular injuries in children in this region.

  2. Mecanismos de interação ocular baseados em imagens voltados à inclusão digital de portadores de necessidades especiais.

    OpenAIRE

    Fabricio da Silva Soares

    2008-01-01

    Essa dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de Dispositivo Rastreador (Eye Tracker) que permite a interação entre o usuário e o computador através dos movimentos oculares. O Rastreio Ocular (Eye Tracking) é o principal estudo dessa dissertação. Através de técnicas de Processamento Digital de Imagens procuramos detectar o Ponto de Interesse (Point of Regard) do usuário na tela do seu computador. O nosso protótipo foi desenvolvido com base nas técnicas de Foto-Oculografia e Víd...

  3. Ocular abnormalities in atopic dermatitis in Indian patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kaujalgi Radhika

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Background and Aims: Atopic dermatitis (AD is a common skin disease. Long-standing, severe AD with repeated scratching and rubbing of the face, which requires continuous dermatologic care, predisposes the patient to various ocular complications. The knowledge of the frequency and significance of these ocular complications may allow their early diagnosis and treatment. The present study assesses the ocular complications in Indian children suffering from AD. Methods: In order to study the ocular complications in AD, 100 patients (61 male and 39 female between the ages of 1 and 14 years were recruited. All the patients had complete dilated fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy. The lid, conjunctiva and cornea were examined. Also, any evidence of cataract formation and retinal disorders were recorded. Results: The mean age of the children was 5.4 years. Forty-three (43.0% AD patients showed ocular abnormalities in the form of lid and conjunctival changes. Of these, 18 (41.9% patients showed only lid involvement, 16 (37.2% only conjunctival involvement and both conjunctival and lid changes were seen in nine (20.9% patients. Conjunctival changes were mostly in the form of a cobblestone appearance of the papillae, with mild to moderate papillary reaction and papillary hypertrophy. Variables observed to have a significant impact on the development of ocular abnormalities were age more than 5 years, duration of illness> 12 months, positive family history of atopy, presence of palmar hyperlinearity and a combination of both xerosis and Dennie-Morgan fold. Conclusions: The present study is the first of its kind from India to document an association between AD in children and various ocular manifestations. The ocular manifestations observed in our cohort were not associated with significant ocular morbidity or visual impairment possibly because of a less-severe disease in Indians.

  4. Sclerodermatomyositis, ocular manifestations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pedroza-Seres, M; Serna-Ojeda, J C; Flores-Suárez, L F

    2017-07-01

    Sclerodermatomyositis is an overlap syndrome of myositis and scleroderma, with dermatological, muscular and joint involvement, but may also present with ocular manifestations. A 57 year-old woman presented with ophthalmological manifestations, including scleral thinning 360°, and the presence of cells in the anterior and posterior chamber. Oriented physical examination and laboratory studies led to the diagnosis, with the need for systemic treatment. Sclerodermatomyositis is a rare disease. Its diagnosis needs thorough clinical and laboratory studies, and its management should be multidisciplinary when inflammatory ocular manifestations may be present. Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  5. Unusual ocular manifestations of silent sinus syndrome

    OpenAIRE

    Fonseca, Fabricio Lopes da; Mazoti, Luciana; Polati, Mariza

    2014-01-01

    Silent sinus syndrome is an acquired condition in which there is a gradual collapse of the orbital floor and inward retraction of the maxillary sinus (atelectasis of the maxillary sinus). This in turn may cause associated ocular occurrences of enophthalmos and hypotropia. This is a report of an 8 year-old boy with silent sinus syndrome and associated ocular motility disorders. The association between silent sinus syndrome and ocular motility disturbance has been recently described in the lite...

  6. Comparação entre mutagênicos químico e físico em populações de aveia

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    Coimbra Jefferson Luís Meirelles

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Comparou-se a campo a variabilidade genética em populações de aveia hexaplóide tratadas com agentes mutagênicos físico e químico, através do caráter ciclo vegetativo de plantas. Foram realizados experimentos em duas safras agrícolas em Pelotas, RS, em 1997/98 e 1998/99. As sementes foram irradiadas no Centro Regional de Oncologia da Faculdade de Medicina da UFPel, com uma taxa de dose de 0,25Gy min-1. As doses totais absorvidas para o mutagênico físico foram 100, 200 e 400Gy e, para o mutagênico químico 0,5, 1,5 e 3,0% por tratamento de 1200 sementes aproximadamente, em cada genótipo fixo de aveia avaliado. Foi obtida diferença na eficiência entre os agentes mutagênicos testados. O agente mutagênico físico foi sempre superior em relação ao agente mutagênico químico, independente da geração segregante avaliada, proporcionando assim um incremento maior no número de classes fenotípicas, tanto para redução quanto para o aumento do número de dias entre a emergência e o florescimento. Os genótipos mostraram sensibilidade diferenciada em relação à dose dos agentes mutagênicos avaliados, indicando que a eficiência dos tratamentos em alterar a variabilidade genética para precocidade e aumento do ciclo vegetativo foi variável. De modo geral, os dados indicaram decréscimo do caráter ciclo vegetativo com o acréscimo da dose dos agentes mutagênicos testados. O estudo das populações UPF-16 nas doses 100 e 200 gray submetidas ao tratamento com o agente mutagênico físico apontaram o maior grau de divergência genética e de dominância para o caráter ciclo vegetativo de plantas.

  7. Ocular manifestations of graft-versus-host disease: 10 years’ experience

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lin X

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Xihui Lin, Harrison Dwight Cavanagh Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Purpose: To evaluate the ocular presentation, treatment, and clinical course of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD. Design: Retrospective case series. Participants: Two hundred and forty-nine patients with systemic GVHD were included in the study. Methods: Ocular and systemic data were collected from 2003 to 2013. Main outcome measures: Mortality, visual acuity, and response of ocular symptoms. Results: Sixty-four patients had ocular manifestations (25.7%. At presentation, the mean age was 44.5 years and mean latency was 16.4 months. The most common presentations were keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cataract, blepharitis, ocular hypertension, and filamentary keratitis. Visual acuity at presentation was 20/49; at the worst point in the disease was 20/115; and at most recent visit was 20/63. When topical anti-inflammatory drops were used in addition to tears, 54.3% of patients’ ocular symptoms stabilized. When autologous serum was used in addition, 80% stabilized. The overall 10-year mortality of GVHD was 29.7%. For those with ocular involvement, it was 21.9%. Conclusion: Systemic GVHD has a high mortality rate, but ocular involvement does not suggest a worse prognosis. The main ocular presentations were keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cataracts, and ocular hypertension. Dry eyes in this population were very severe with overall worsening in visual acuity. However, with a step-wise approach involving topical anti-inflammatory medications and autologous serum tears, ocular symptoms do improve. It is important to monitor these patients closely, as they are prone to serious ocular complications such as corneal perforation and endophthalmitis. Keywords: dry eye, keratitis, corneal ulceration

  8. Accelerated physical deterioration of in vitro ocular prostheses

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez González, Linda N; Barceló Santana, Federico H; Jiménez Castillo, René; Benavides Ríos, Alejandro

    2012-01-01

    La prótesis ocular es una modalidad de prótesis facial que va a reparar aloplásticamente las pérdidas parciales o totales y deformaciones diversas del globo ocular. Está claro que la mejor rehabilitación protésica se ha logrado con las prótesis oculares de resina acrílica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la absorción acuosa y solubilidad así como el grado de deterioro físico acelerado determinado como cambio de color de prótesis oculares caracterizadas y sin caracterizar. Se fabric...

  9. Influence of ocular perfusion pressure fluctuation on glaucoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Min-Zi Ren

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available AIM:To investigate the influence of ocular perfusion pressure fluctuation on glaucoma. METHODS:Forty patients with primary open angle glaucoma from January 2013 to June 2015 in our hospital were used as observation group and 40 families were used as control group. Circadian fluctuation of intraocular pressure, blood pressure and ocular perfusion pressure in 24h were determined to obtain systolic ocular perfusion pressure(SOPP, diastolic ocular perfusion pressure(DOPPand mean ocular perfusion pressure(MOPP. Pearson linear correlation was used to analyze the correlation of circadian MOPP fluctuation with cup-disc ratio, mean defect(MDand the picture standard deviation(PSD. RESULTS:The fluctuation of MOPP, SOPP and DOPP of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(Pr=-0.389, 95%CI:-0.612~-0.082; P=0.011, was positively correlated with PSD(r=0.512, 95%CI:0.139 ~0.782; P=0.008; no correlation was found between it and the vertical cup-disc ratio(r=0.115, 95%CI:0.056~0.369; P=0.355. CONCLUSION:Ocular perfusion pressure fluctuations in patients with primary open angle glaucoma may reflect the severity of the disease and may make the situation aggravating. Therefore through perfusion pressure monitor in 24h may help us understand the ocular blood flow and the development of primary open-angle glaucoma.

  10. 21 CFR 886.1040 - Ocular esthesiometer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ocular esthesiometer. 886.1040 Section 886.1040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED.... An ocular esthesiometer is a device, such as a single-hair brush, intended to touch the cornea to...

  11. Testes visuomotores em crianças com estrabismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Alberto F. Caldeira

    1970-09-01

    Full Text Available Em 43 crianças estrábicas nas quais foi determinado o quociente intelectual foram aplicados os testes visuomotores de Goldstein-Scheerer, Bender-Santucci, lateralidade e estereognosia. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos em 44 controles dos mesmos grupos etários e sócio-econômicamente semelhantes. Sugere-se o prosseguimento desta pesquisa com o estudo comparativo entre o teste de Goldstein-Scheerer e o "visual retention test" de Benton (1963 nos quais a análise do fator memória visual pode ser útil para averiguar dificuldades relacionadas com a prontidão para a alfabetização. Sugere-se, também, o estudo de um grupo de crianças em idade escolar com e sem perturbações da motilidade ocular extrínseca para avaliar a influência da escolaridade nos resultados dos testes.

  12. Irritación ocular: Modelos alternativos

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    Raiza Vega Montalvo

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available El ojo puede ser dañado accidentalmente por el uso de muchos productos de uso rutinario. Para facilitar la seguridad de los consumidores es necesario estimar el potencial de irritación ocular de estas sustancias químicas. Esta estimación está basada en los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo de Draize llevado a cabo en conejos. Sin embargo, avances en el desarrollo de la toxicología in vitro han permitido el uso de algunas alternativas para la evaluación del riesgo ocular; por lo que se presenta una revisión acerca de los diferentes métodos alternativos disponibles hasta el momento que permiten evaluar de una forma u otra los efectos tóxicos a nivel ocular.The eye may be accidentally damaged by many products of daily use. To guarantee the consumers’ safety it is necessary to estimate the eye irritation potential of these chemical substances. This estimation is based on the results obtained in the Draize rabbit eye irritation test. However, the advances attained in the development of in vitro toxicology have allowed the use of some alternatives to evaluate the ocular risk. Therefore, a review is made on the different alternative methods available up to now that make possible the evaluation in one way or another of the toxic effects at the ocular level.

  13. Carência de atenção à saúde ocular no setor público: um estudo de base populacional Shortage of ocular health care in the public system: a population-based study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Delpizzo Castagno

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo transversal de base populacional investigou a prevalência de utilização de serviços de saúde ocular e sua associação com fatores sócio-demográficos, necessidades em saúde e forma de financiamento da consulta. Avaliaram-se 2.960 indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais. Nos últimos cinco anos, 46% dos entrevistados e 30% daqueles com 50 anos ou mais não consultaram para os olhos. Dos que consultaram, 18% foram em óticas, e apenas 17% foram no setor público. O principal motivo foi não enxergar bem (69,5%. Falta de dinheiro (29% e de tempo (24,6% foram os principais motivos para ter deixado de consultar. Idade, escolaridade e nível econômico estiveram diretamente associados com ter consultado nos últimos cinco anos. Ser mulher, ter catarata, glaucoma e usar correção, bem como consultar no setor privado também estiveram positivamente associados com o desfecho. É preciso não só aumentar a participação do setor público, integrando a saúde ocular a todos os níveis de atenção, ampliando a participação de outros profissionais de saúde, como também intensificar o rastreamento de problemas oculares e a sua prevenção.This cross-sectional population-based study investigated the prevalence of eye care services utilization and the association with socioeconomic and demographic factors, need for health care, and type of service payment. The study evaluated 2,960 adults aged 20 and older. In the previous 5 years, 46% of the sample and 30% of those aged 50 and older had not visited an eye care service. Among the persons who used a service, 18% went to an optical store and only 17% used the public health system. The main reason for using eye care services was poor vision (69.5%. Lack of money (29% and time (24.6% were the most frequently cited reasons for non-utilization. Age, education, and economic status were directly associated with the outcome. Female gender, cataract, glaucoma, prescription eyewear, and private

  14. Electromagnetic design of a pos-accelerator of protons for ocular neoplasm therapy; Projeto eletromagnético de um pós-acelerador de prótons para tratamento de tumor ocular

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rabelo, Luísa de Araújo

    2016-07-01

    Proton therapy is an effective technique in the treatment and control of cancer, which is not available in most countries. The low number of specialized centers for this type of treatment is because of the high cost of implementing and maintaining the accelerators. This study presents a model for the Electromagnetic (EM) acceleration of protons to sufficient energies for the treatment of ocular tumors. This is the scientific possibility of a compact technology that uses cyclotrons to produce radioisotopes (present in various countries) as accelerator guns via an analytical assessment of the physical parameters of the beam and a simulation of the electromagnetic equipment structures, acceleration, and movement of the proton beam using CST STUDIO® 3D 2015 (Computer Simulation Technology) software. In addition, the geometry required to provide synchronization between the acceleration and beam path was analyzed using the motion equations of the protons. The simulations show a final model that is compact and simplified as compared with the isochronic cyclotron and synchrotron (used for proton therapy). The synchronism requirements of a circular accelerator are fulfilled in this model so that in all orbits the beam has the same movement time. The extraction energy of the presented model is sufficient for the treatment of ocular tumors. This is an alternative method that could improve the quality of life for patients with ocular tumors in developing countries. Future studies will be conducted to complete the technical design presentation and evaluate the accelerated beam's interaction with neoplastic tissues. (author)

  15. Oxaliplatin-Related Ocular Toxicity

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    Marina Mesquida

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with advanced colorectal cancer who was treated with oxaliplatin on a FOLFOX schedule. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, she started to complain of visual loss, altered color vision and neurological symptoms. Due to the suspicion of ocular and neurological toxicity, antineoplastic treatment was stopped. Her visual field showed a concentric bilateral scotoma and the electrooculogram test revealed severe impairment of the retinal pigment epithelium. Visual acuity, color vision and visual field recovered completely 8 months later, although electrooculogram remained abnormal. Ocular toxicity has been reported as an infrequent adverse event of oxaliplatin. Findings in this case indicate toxicity of this chemotherapeutic agent on the retinal pigment epithelium, which has not been reported before. This damage could be permanent, and it thus differs from previously described oxaliplatin-induced ocular toxicities, which are usually transient and reversible. With increasing use of oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer, we have to be aware of this possible toxicity.

  16. Therapeutic targets of renin-angiotensin system in ocular disorders

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    Rajesh Choudhary

    2017-03-01

    Conclusions: The RAS components are present in the extrarenal tissues including ocular tissue and have an imperative role in the ocular pathophysiology. The clinical studies are needed to show the role of therapeutic modalities targeting RAS in the treatment of different ocular disorders.

  17. Tear clearance implications for ocular surface health.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Paiva, Cintia Sade; Pflugfelder, Stephen C

    2004-03-01

    Tear clearance/turnover provides a global assessment of the function of the lacrimal functional unit and of tear exchange on the ocular surface. It is an indirect measure of dry eye induced inflammation on the ocular surface. It shows better correlation with the severity of ocular irritation symptoms and corneal epithelial disease in dry eye than the Schirmer 1 test. Delayed tear clearance may prove to be the best measure for identifying patients with tear film disorders who may respond to anti-inflammatory therapy.

  18. Clinical Analysis of 42 Cases of Ocular Ischemic Syndrome

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    Jingyi Luo

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS is a severe ocular disease caused by ocular hypoperfusion due to stenosis or occlusion of the common or internal carotid arteries. OIS is easily misdiagnosed or undiagnosed given its asymptomatic onset and complicated ocular manifestations. The present study reviewed 42 patients with OIS, including 30 males (71.43%, 29 older patients (69.05%, >61 yrs, and 35 patients (83.33% with two or more systemic diseases. Only 6 patients had ocular symptoms as the initial signs upon visiting the Department of Ophthalmology of three hospitals (the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University. The ocular symptoms varied from visual deterioration to periorbital pain. Thirty-seven patients (88.10% complained of constitutional symptoms. Ocular manifestations were diverse and involved both anterior and posterior segments. We reported a case of corneal edema and corneal epithelium erosion in the ipsilateral eye due to internal carotid artery stenosis. As the clinical manifestations of OIS are complex, ophthalmologists must carefully examine patients to avoid a misdiagnosis or a failure to diagnose. The management of OIS requires cooperation with cardiologists and neurologists.

  19. Undefined role of mucus as a barrier in ocular drug delivery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruponen, Marika; Urtti, Arto

    2015-10-01

    Mucus layer covers the ocular surface, and soluble mucins are also present in the tear fluid. After topical ocular drug administration, the drugs and formulations may interact with mucus layer that may act as a barrier in ocular drug delivery. In this mini-review, we illustrate the mucin composition of the ocular surface and discuss the influence of mucus layer on ocular drug absorption. Based on the current knowledge the role of mucus barrier in drug delivery is still undefined. Furthermore, interactions with mucus may prolong the retention of drug formulations on the ocular surface. Mucus may decrease or increase ocular bioavailability depending on the magnitude of its role as barrier or retention site, respectively. Mechanistic studies are needed to clarify the role of mucin in ocular drug delivery. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Ocular volume measured by CT scans

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hahn, F.J.; Wei-Kom Chu

    1984-01-01

    Newer CT scans have greatly enhanced oculometric research and made it possible to measure ocular dimensions. With these measurements, ocular volume can be more accurately estimated to understand its relationship with age and sex. One hundred CT orbit scans with presumed normal eyes were used for the data base. The mean values and normal variations of ocular volumes at various ages in both sexes are presented. Rapid growth of the eyeball was noted during the first 24 months of age. It reached its peak between the ages of 18 and 30 years of age, after which there was a reduction. Results may be of help in recognizing eye abnormalities such as microophthalmus and macrophthalmia. (orig.)

  1. Colloidal drug delivery system: amplify the ocular delivery.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ali, Javed; Fazil, Mohd; Qumbar, Mohd; Khan, Nazia; Ali, Asgar

    2016-01-01

    The ocular perceivers are the most voluntarily accessible organs in terms of location in the body, yet drug distribution to these tissues is one of the most intriguing and challenging endeavors and problematic to the pharmaceutical scientist. The most of ocular diseases are treated with topical application of conventional formulation, i.e. solutions, suspensions and ointment. Typically on installation of these conventional formulations, only <5% of the applied dose penetrates the cornea and reaches intraocular tissues, while a major fraction of the instilled dose is wastage due to the presence of many ocular barriers like external barriers, rapid loss of the instilled solution from the precorneal area and nasolacrimal drainage system. Systemic absorption caused systemic side effects varying from mild to life-threatening events. The main objective of this review is to explore the role of colloidal delivery of drug to minimize the drawbacks associated with them. This review provides an insight into the various constraints associated with ocular drug delivery, summarizes recent findings and applications of colloidal delivery systems, i.e. nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers and contact lenses containing nanoparticles have the capacity to distribute ocular drugs to categorical target sites and hold promise to revolutionize the therapy of many ocular perceiver diseases and minimized the circumscription of conventional delivery. Form the basis of literature review, it has been found that the novel delivery system have greater impact to maximize ocular drug absorption, and minimize systemic absorption and side effects.

  2. Metástases Vertebrais: Breve Revisão do Estado da Arte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Santiago

    2017-09-01

    A avaliação diagnóstica e orientação terapêutica da doença metastática vertebral devem, à semelhança de tantos outros domínios da medicina e em especial da oncologia, estar subordinadas a uma abordagem e decisão multidisciplinares. O objetivo é o de individualizar o plano de tratamento que melhor sirva os interesses específicos de cada doente, tendo em conta as múltiplas opções disponíveis. Recebido: 20/08/2017 - Aceite: 04/09/2017

  3. Unusual ocular manifestations of silent sinus syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabricio Lopes da Fonseca

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Silent sinus syndrome is an acquired condition in which there is a gradual collapse of the orbital floor and inward retraction of the maxillary sinus (atelectasis of the maxillary sinus. This in turn may cause associated ocular occurrences of enophthalmos and hypotropia. This is a report of an 8 year-old boy with silent sinus syndrome and associated ocular motility disorders. The association between silent sinus syndrome and ocular motility disturbance has been recently described in the literature. However, this is an infrequent association, mainly in childhood.

  4. Use of Lumbar Punctures in the Management of Ocular Syphilis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reekie, Ian; Reddy, Yaviche

    2018-01-01

    Ocular syphilis has become rare in the developed world, but is a common presentation to ophthalmology departments in South Africa. We investigated the proportion of patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis who went on to receive lumbar punctures, and determined the fraction of these who had cerebrospinal fluid findings suggestive of neurosyphilis. We aimed to determine whether the use of lumbar punctures in ocular syphilis patients was beneficial in picking up cases of neurosyphilis. Retrospective study of case notes of patients admitted to two district hospitals in Durban, South Africa, with ocular syphilis over a 20-month period. A total of 31 of 68 ocular syphilis patients underwent lumbar puncture, and of these, eight (25.8%) had findings suggestive of neurosyphilis. Lumbar puncture in ocular syphilis patients should continue to be a routine part of the investigation of these patients; a large proportion of ocular syphilis patients show cerebrospinal fluid findings suggestive of neurosyphilis, are at risk of the complications of neurosyphilis, and should be managed accordingly.

  5. Profile of ocular trauma in industries-related hospital.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shashikala, P; Sadiqulla, Mohammed; Shivakumar, D; Prakash, K H

    2013-05-01

    Ocular trauma is a worldwide cause of visual morbidity, a significant proportion of which occurs in the industrial workplace and includes a spectrum of simple ocular surface foreign bodies, abrasions to devastating perforating injuries causing blindness. Being preventable is of social and medical concern. A prospective case series study, to know the profile of ocular trauma at a hospital caters exclusively to factory employees and their families, to co-relate their demographic and clinical profile and to identify the risk factors. Patients with ocular trauma who presented at ESIC Model hospital, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, from June 2010 to May 2011 were taken a detailed demographic data, nature and cause of injury, time interval between the time of injury and presentation along with any treatment received. Ocular evaluation including visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment findings, intra-ocular pressure and gonio-scopy in closed globe injuries, X-rays for intraocular foreign body, B-scan and CT scan were done. Data analyzed as per the ocular trauma classification group. The rehabilitation undertaken medically or surgically was analyzed. At follow-up, the final best corrected visual acuity was noted. A total of 306 cases of ocular trauma were reported; predominantly in 20-40 year age group (72.2%) and in men (75%). The work place related cases were 50.7%and of these, fall of foreign bodies led the list. Visual prognosis was poorer in road traffic accidents rather than work place injuries owing to higher occurrence of open globe injuries and optic neuropathy. Finally, 11% of injured cases ended up with poor vision. Targeting groups most at risk, providing effective eye protection, and developing workplace safety cultures may together reduce occupational eye injuries.

  6. Ocular toxicity of authentic lunar dust.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meyers, Valerie E; Garcìa, Hector D; Monds, Kathryn; Cooper, Bonnie L; James, John T

    2012-07-20

    Dust exposure is a well-known occupational hazard for terrestrial workers and astronauts alike and will continue to be a concern as humankind pursues exploration and habitation of objects beyond Earth. Humankind's limited exploration experience with the Apollo Program indicates that exposure to dust will be unavoidable. Therefore, NASA must assess potential toxicity and recommend appropriate mitigation measures to ensure that explorers are adequately protected. Visual acuity is critical during exploration activities and operations aboard spacecraft. Therefore, the present research was performed to ascertain the ocular toxicity of authentic lunar dust. Small (mean particle diameter = 2.9 ± 1.0 μm), reactive lunar dust particles were produced by grinding bulk dust under ultrapure nitrogen conditions. Chemical reactivity and cytotoxicity testing were performed using the commercially available EpiOcularTM assay. Subsequent in vivo Draize testing utilized a larger size fraction of unground lunar dust that is more relevant to ocular exposures (particles lunar dust was minimally irritating. Minor irritation of the upper eyelids was noted at the 1-hour observation point, but these effects resolved within 24 hours. In addition, no corneal scratching was observed using fluorescein stain. Low-titanium mare lunar dust is minimally irritating to the eyes and is considered a nuisance dust for ocular exposure. No special precautions are recommended to protect against ocular exposures, but fully shielded goggles may be used if dust becomes a nuisance.

  7. Estrutura e processo assistencial de enfermagem ao paciente com câncer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilce Piva Adami

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a estrutura para o atendimento ao paciente com câncer e o processo asssistencial em quimioterapia antineoplásica. Foi realizada em seis unidades de internação e uma ambulatorial de um hospital universitário, utilizando-se a observação sistematizada e entrevista semi-estruturada, no período de janeiro a junho de 1996. Constatou-se que existem deficiências na área física e instalações das unidades estudadas. O pessoal de enfermagem, de modo geral, não possui preparo formal em Oncologia, com exceção do Setor de Quimioterapia. Verificou-se falta de sistematização da assistência de enfermagem e diferenças entre as unidades estudadas no que tange aos aspectos técnico-organizacionais da administração de antineoplásicos, bem como na interação entre profissionais e pacientes atendidos. As inadequações observadas poderiam ser minimizadas com uma política que contemple o aumento do financiamento do setor público da saúde, a implantação da sistematização da assistência e a inclusão da Oncologia na educação permanente do pessoal de enfermagem.

  8. Evaluación de factores de riesgo en accidentes oculares graves infantiles Assessment of the risk factors for severe ocular accidents in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sahely Sixto Fuentes

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar factores de riesgo en accidentes oculares graves infantiles. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación aplicada, epidemiológica, descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva sobre accidentes oculares graves en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial de Pinar del Río (2006-2007. El universo y muestra estuvo constituido por dos grupos de niños de 1- 20 años, ambos sexos y todas las etnias. Primer Grupo: Niños con accidente ocular grave, Segundo Grupo: Niños sin accidente ocular; determinándose una muestra total de 130 seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Fueron utilizados métodos empíricos y teóricos de investigación científica. Resultados: El trauma ocular representó el 87,8% de los ingresos de urgencia durante el período. Se encontró que el grupo etáreo de 9-12 años (40%, y sexo masculino (89,2% fueron los más afectados. Un 76,9% de los accidentados residía en zona rural. El 96,9% se encontraba fuera de la casa y sin compañía de adultos en el momento del trauma. Predominaron las familias con conocimientos y actitudes evaluados de regulares en relación a los accidentes oculares con un 57,7 % y 60,8% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se constató elevada frecuencia de traumas oculares infantiles graves en Pinar del Río, precisando sus factores causales de riesgo y dificultades en la prevención de los mismos.Objective: To assess the risk factors for severe ocular accidents in children. Methods: An applied, epidemiological, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective research of the severe ocular accidents was conducted in the Ophthalmologic Service at "Pepe Portilla" Provincial Children Hospital, Pinar del Rio. The target group and the sample were comprised of two groups of children from 1 to 16 years old of both sexes and all ethnics. First group: children and adolescents suffering from severe ocular accidents. Second group: children and adolescents without ocular accidents; a

  9. Hipertensão ocular "mascarada" por edema de córnea após cirurgia da catarata Ocular hipertension confounded by corneal edema after cataract surgery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno de Freitas Valbon

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Com base em modelos matemáticos e estudos experimentais estima-se que as medidas da PIO sejam linearmente hiperestimadas em córneas com maior espessura e menor ceratometria por meio de tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann (TAG. Entretanto, tal influência se dá de uma maneira mais complexa que a prevista por estes parâmetros geométricos, sendo diretamente relacionada com propriedades biomecânicas. O sistema de não contato ORA (Ocular response analyzer Reichert permite estudo das propriedades biomecânicas juntamente com a medida pressórica calibrada para a TAG e a compensada da córnea. Adicionalmente, o estudo tomográfico com reconstrução tridimensional do mapa paquimétrico caracteriza a córnea de forma mais completa que a ceratometria anterior e espessura central. Neste artigo, relatamos um caso de dor ocular, fotofobia e baixa visão, 28 dias após cirurgia de facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular sem complicações em paciente feminina de 81 anos. Na primeira visita da paciente, enquanto a TAG era de 16 mmHg, o valor da PIO compensada da córnea (PIOcc, obtido com o ORA, era 25,6 mmHg. A histerese e fator de resistência da córnea eram baixos, 4,1 e 6,1mmHg respectivamente, apesar da paquimetria central ser relativamente mais elevada, de 601 micra. O padrão de distribuição espacial da espessura era atenuado, compatível com edema corneano que era observado também por meio das imagens de Scheimpflug (Pentacam. Com base nestes dados, foi feito diagnóstico de quadro de uveíte hipertensiva, associado à edema corneano, instituindo-se tratamento tópico com combinação fixa de maleato de timolol e brimonidina associado ao acetato de prednisolona. Três semanas após, a paciente apresentou-se com grande melhora da acuidade visual, resolução do edema corneano, e dos sintomas, normalizando os parâmetros biomecânicos, geométricos da córnea e de PIO.Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT overestimates

  10. Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in an Ocular Screening Program

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. M. Kolomeyer

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. To describe integration of fundus autofluorescence (FAF imaging into an ocular screening program. Methods. Fifty consecutive screening participants were included in this prospective pilot imaging study. Color and FAF (530/640 nm exciter/barrier filters images were obtained with a 15.1MP Canon nonmydriatic hybrid camera. A clinician evaluated the images on site to determine need for referral. Visual acuity (VA, intraocular pressure (IOP, and ocular pathology detected by color fundus and FAF imaging modalities were recorded. Results. Mean ± SD age was 47.4 ± 17.3 years. Fifty-two percent were female and 58% African American. Twenty-seven percent had a comprehensive ocular examination within the past year. Mean VA was 20/39 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. Mean IOP was 15 mmHg bilaterally. Positive color and/or FAF findings were identified in nine (18% individuals with diabetic retinopathy or macular edema (n=4, focal RPE defects (n=2, age-related macular degeneration (n=1, central serous retinopathy (n=1, and ocular trauma (n=1. Conclusions. FAF was successfully integrated in our ocular screening program and aided in the identification of ocular pathology. Larger studies examining the utility of this technology in screening programs may be warranted.

  11. Fundus autofluorescence imaging in an ocular screening program.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kolomeyer, A M; Nayak, N V; Szirth, B C; Khouri, A S

    2012-01-01

    Purpose. To describe integration of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging into an ocular screening program. Methods. Fifty consecutive screening participants were included in this prospective pilot imaging study. Color and FAF (530/640 nm exciter/barrier filters) images were obtained with a 15.1MP Canon nonmydriatic hybrid camera. A clinician evaluated the images on site to determine need for referral. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular pathology detected by color fundus and FAF imaging modalities were recorded. Results. Mean ± SD age was 47.4 ± 17.3 years. Fifty-two percent were female and 58% African American. Twenty-seven percent had a comprehensive ocular examination within the past year. Mean VA was 20/39 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. Mean IOP was 15 mmHg bilaterally. Positive color and/or FAF findings were identified in nine (18%) individuals with diabetic retinopathy or macular edema (n = 4), focal RPE defects (n = 2), age-related macular degeneration (n = 1), central serous retinopathy (n = 1), and ocular trauma (n = 1). Conclusions. FAF was successfully integrated in our ocular screening program and aided in the identification of ocular pathology. Larger studies examining the utility of this technology in screening programs may be warranted.

  12. Nanotherapies for the treatment of ocular diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reimondez-Troitiño, S; Csaba, N; Alonso, M J; de la Fuente, M

    2015-09-01

    The topical route is the most frequent and preferred way to deliver drugs to the eye. Unfortunately, the very low ocular drug bioavailability (less than 5%) associated with this modality of administration, makes the efficient treatment of several ocular diseases a significant challenge. In the last decades, it has been shown that specific nanocarriers can interact with the ocular mucosa, thereby increasing the retention time of the associated drug onto the eye, as well as its permeability across the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In this review, we comparatively analyze the mechanism of action and specific potential of the most studied nano-drug delivery carriers. In addition, we present the success achieved until now using a number of nanotherapies for the treatment of the most prevalent ocular pathologies, such as infections, inflammation, dry eye, glaucoma, and retinopathies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Interactions of Bacteria and Amoebae with Ocular Biomaterials

    OpenAIRE

    John, Thomas

    1991-01-01

    The use of biomaterials in periocular and intraocular sites has resulted in some ocular inflammations and infections which can result in vision-threatening ocular disease. This review addresses bacterial interactions with, and adherence to ocular biomaterials such as soft contact lenses, surgical suture materials, and intraocular lenses. In addition, adherence of Acanthamoeba to soft contact lenses is described, and the role of these lenses in the development of Acanthamoeba keratitis is disc...

  14. An introduction to the mathematics of ocular kinematics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graeme E MacKenzie

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available The research surrounding ocular kinematics has widespread applications including the study of binocular vision, virtual reality and the detec-tion of ocular and neurologic pathologies. This field promises to have a significant impact on optometric diagnostic techniques. This paper in-troduces the terminology used in the description of eye rotations and explores a number of the mathematical approaches pertinent to the topic of ocular kinematics.

  15. Eye cosmetic usage and associated ocular comfort.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ng, Alison; Evans, Katharine; North, Rachel; Purslow, Christine

    2012-11-01

    Eye cosmetics usage is commonplace and whilst some products such as eyeliner are applied with close proximity to the ocular surface, there is little knowledge of the short- and long-term ocular effects of eye cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to investigate the use of eye cosmetics and identify any relationships between ocular comfort and cosmetic usage. Results were collated from an online survey comprising 23 questions that recorded demographics, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, extent and range of eye cosmetic use and perceived comfort differences with and without eye cosmetics. The 1360 female respondents (median age 25, interquartile range 20-34 years) completed the survey; 83% reported using eye cosmetics regularly (≥ 3 times per week) with mascara being most commonly used. Fifty three per cent used at least three different eye cosmetics products regularly. OSDI scores of cosmetics users were similar to non-users (p = 0.083), but perceived comfort was greater when cosmetics were not used (p cosmetics users (use of products cosmetics were used. Median OSDI scores suggested a trend towards reduced comfort amongst eyeliner users (p = 0.07) although frequency and type of cosmetic products used did not appear to influence OSDI scores. This study shows the use of multiple eye cosmetics is extensive and associated with the perception of ocular discomfort. With such widespread use of these products, more research is required to assess the effect on the ocular surface and tear film, which may be underestimated. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics © 2012 The College of Optometrists.

  16. Corporal punishment-related ocular injuries in Nigerian children

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    Oluwakemi Adegbehingbe

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To determine the contribution of corporal punishment to ocular morbidity and visual impairment in Nigerian children. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted of all patients aged 0-15 years seen with ocular injuries over a four year period. Those who sustained ocular injuries during the administration of corporal punishment were further studied. Relevant information was documented using a semistructured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by simple descriptive statistics using SPSS statistical package version 10. Results: A total of 186 children were seen within the study period. Eighty-nine (47.8% had ocular injuries and 27 (30.3% had ocular injuries resulting from corporal punishment. Of the latter group, eighteen were males and nine were females. Their ages ranged from 3-15 years (mean = 8.5 ± 2.4 years. Corporal punishment-associated injuries occurred most commonly as seen in 17 (63% of our study population who were aged 7-12 years. These 27 cases of injuries were sustained in the schools: 13 (48.2%, homes: eight (29.6%, market place: three (11.1%, workshop: two (7.4% and worship houses: one (3.7%. A stick was the object mostly implicated in causing ocular injuries in 13 (48.2% followed by a belt in five (18.5% and a whip in four (14.8%. Severe visual impairment occurred in two (7.4% patients while blindness occurred in three (11.1% patients. Conclusion: Corporal punishment is a major cause of ocular morbidity and blindness in Nigerian children.

  17. Afecções oculares prevalentes em crianças de baixa renda atendidas em um serviço oftalmológico na cidade do Recife - PE, Brasil Prevalence of ocular disorders in poor children attending an ophthalmologic clinic in Recife - PE, Brazil

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    Raquel Costa Albuquerque

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Descrever os distúrbios visuais diagnosticados em um grupo de crianças carentes, assistidas no serviço oftalmológico do Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, realizado com uma amostra representativa (n=388, selecionada de forma aleatória da clientela de baixa renda na faixa etária de 0 a 15 anos, atendida no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2001 no IMIP. Os diagnósticos, estabelecidos pelos médicos oftalmologistas do serviço, foram classificados de acordo com o CID-10. RESULTADOS: Os distúrbios visuais mais detectados (63,9%, foram os transtornos dos músculos oculares, do movimento binocular, da acomodação e da refração, sendo o estrabismo e a hipermetropia os mais comuns. Seguiram-se os transtornos da conjuntiva e da pálpebra (20,0%, da coróide e da retina (5,1% e do cristalino (3,9. Transtornos da esclerótica e do humor vítreo, glaucoma congênito, cegueira e outros distúrbios foram observados em menor freqüência. CONCLUSÕES: Os distúrbios visuais são comuns nas crianças carentes, sendo os erros de refração e o estrabismo os mais observados na casuística estudada, o que justifica programas de triagem na população infantil.PURPOSE: To describe the commonest visual disorders in a group of poor children attending the Ophthalmology Clinic at the "Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP". METHODS: Descritive study. A randomly selected sample (n=388 of children under the age of 15, from low-income families, seen at IMIP between February and October 2001. Eye disorders were classifical according to the ICD-10 by ophthalmologists in the clinic. RESULTS: Visual problems related to eye muscular disorders (binocular movement, accommodation, refraction were detected in most cases (63.9% and hyperopia and strabismus were the commonest. Disorders of the conjunctiva and eyelid were found in 20% of the cases, followed by choroid and retina (5.1% and the lens (3

  18. Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Ocular Bartonellosis in Malaysia

    OpenAIRE

    Tan, Chai Lee; Fhun, Lai Chan; Tai, Evelyn Li Min; Abdul Gani, Nor Hasnida; Muhammed, Julieana; Tuan Jaafar, Tengku Norina; Ahmad Tajudin, Liza Sharmini; Wan Hitam, Wan-Hazabbah

    2017-01-01

    Background. Ocular bartonellosis can present in various ways, with variable visual outcome. There is limited data on ocular bartonellosis in Malaysia. Objective. We aim to describe the clinical presentation and visual outcome of ocular bartonellosis in Malaysia. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective review of patients treated for ocular bartonellosis in two ophthalmology centers in Malaysia between January 2013 and December 2015. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, support...

  19. Medicina regenerativa y superficie ocular Regenerative medicine and ocular surface

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    Taimi Cárdenas Díaz

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años se ha producido un extraordinario avance en los conocimientos relacionados con diferentes ramas biomédicas, entre ellas, la biología celular. Esto ha dado un notable impulso a una nueva rama de la medicina denominada medicina regenerativa. Esta nueva disciplina médica se basa fundamentalmente en los nuevos conocimientos sobre las células madre y en su capacidad de convertirse en células de diferentes tejidos. Una de las estructuras que tiene más interés, desde el punto de vista de la medicina regenerativa, es la superficie ocular. Por esto, se ha logrado notables progresos en la reconstrucción de la superficie ocular mediante la aplicación de procederes regenerativos. Los cultivos de células del epitelio corneal humano están siendo utilizados en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia limbar. Esto permite disminuir la incidencia de opacidades tipo Haze tras queratectomía fotorrefractiva, acelerar la curación y evitar la aparición de leucomas en pacientes con defectos epiteliares persistentes e intentar disminuir la incidencia de opacidades corneales en pacientes sometidos a queratectomía fototerapéutica por diferentes distrofias corneales.In the last few years, an extraordinary advance has taken place in the knowledge about several biomedical branches as is the case of cellular biology, which has remarkably encouraged the development of a new medical branch called regenerative medicine. This medical discipline is fundamentally based on the new knowledge on the stem cells and their capacity to become cells for different tissues. One of the most interesting structures for the regenerative medicine is the ocular surface. In the last few years, significant advances have been achieved in the field of the ocular surface reconstruction with regenerative procedures. Some cell cultures of the human corneal epithelium are being used to treat limber insufficiency, to reduce the incidence of haze-type opacities after

  20. OCULAR SYPHILIS IN A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT

    Science.gov (United States)

    ROMAO, Elen A.; BOLELLA, Valdes R.; NARDIN, Maria Estela P.; HABIB-SIMAO, Maria Lucia; FURTADO, João Marcelo; MOYSES-NETO, Miguel

    2016-01-01

    We present a case of ocular syphilis after a renal transplantation involving progressive vision loss without clinically identifiable ocular disease. Electroretinography showed signs of ischemia, especially in the internal retina. A serological test was positive for syphilis. Lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytic meningitis and a positive serologic test for syphilis in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was treated with penicillin, and had a quick vision improvement. In the case of transplant recipients, clinicians should always consider the diagnosis of ocular syphilis in cases with unexplained visual acuity decrement, as this condition may cause serious complications if not treated. PMID:27253748

  1. Ocular fishhook injuries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ang, C S

    2001-06-01

    Ocular fishhook injuries are rare, yet potentially vision threatening as complications such as corneal scarring, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis may result. The surgical management of these cases is challenging due to the construction of barbed fishhooks.

  2. Lente intra-ocular multifocal difrativa apodizada: resultados Diffractive apodized multifocal intraocular lens: results

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    Virgilio Centurion

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Mostrar os resultados visuais e refracionais com lente intra-ocular multifocal difrativa apodizada. MÉTODOS: Estudo de 100 olhos de 50 pacientes com catarata, submetidos à facoemulsificação com implante bilateral de lente intra-ocular (LIO multifocal difrativa apodizada. Foi avaliada a acuidade visual binocular sem e com correção para longe e perto, a previsibilidade refracional e a freqüência de uso de óculos. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual sem correção para longe foi de e " 20/30 em 97,56% dos olhos operados e e" J2 em 100%, sendo que 82% dos pacientes nunca usam óculos e 16% usam de forma esporádica. CONCLUSÃO: A LIO multifocal difrativa apodizada mostrou ser uma opção previsível, reproduzível e segura na correção dos vícios de refração para longe e perto durante a cirurgia da catarata, permitindo elevado índice de independência ao uso de óculos.OBJECTIVE: To show visual and refraction results using multifocal diffractive apodized intraocular lens. METHODS: The study of 100 eyes of 50 patients with cataract, submitted to phacoemulsification with bilateral implant of multifocal diffractive apodized intraocular lens (IOL. Binocular visual acuity was evaluated with and without correction for near and distance, and refraction previsibility and frequency of wearing glasses. RESULTS: Visual acuity without correction for distance was e" 20/30 in 97.56% of eyes operated on and e" J2 in 100%, of these 82% of patients never wear glasses and 16% wear glasses sporadically. CONCLUSION: Multifocal diffractive apodized IOL proved to be a foreseeable option, reproducible and safe in the correction of refraction errors for distance and near during cataract surgery, enabling a high rate of independence from the use of glasses.

  3. ROCK inhibitors in ocular disease

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    Eva Halasz

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Rho kinases (ROCKs have a crucial role in actin-cytoskeletal reorganization and thus are involved in broad aspects of cell motility, from smooth muscle contraction to neurite outgrowth. The first marketed ROCK inhibitor, called fasudil, has been used safely for treatment of cerebral vasospasm since 1995 in Japan. During the succeeding decades ROCK inhibitors have been applied in many pathological conditions from central nervous system disorders to cardiovascular disease as potential therapeutic agents or experimental tools to help understand the underlying (pathomechanisms. In 2014, a fasudil derivate named ripasudil was accepted for clinical use in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Since ROCK kinases are widely expressed in ocular tissues, they have been implicated in the pathology of many ocular conditions such as corneal dysfunction, glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. This paper aims to provide an overview of the most recent status/application of ROCK inhibitors in the field of eye disease.

  4. Association between Exposure to Smartphones and Ocular Health in Adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Joowon; Hwang, Yunji; Kang, Seungheon; Kim, Minhye; Kim, Tae-Shin; Kim, Jay; Seo, Jeongmin; Ahn, Hyojeong; Yoon, Sungjoon; Yun, Jun Pil; Lee, Yae Lim; Ham, Hyunsoo; Yu, Hyeong Gon; Park, Sue K

    2016-08-01

    Smartphone use has dramatically increased in recent years. Smartphones may have adverse health effects, particularly on the eyes, because users stare at the screen for a much longer time than they do with ordinary mobile phones. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between smartphone use and ocular symptoms among adolescents. Information on smartphone use and ocular symptoms (blurring, redness, visual disturbance, secretion, inflammation, lacrimation and dryness) related to eye fatigue and strain from 715 adolescent subjects from three cities in Korea was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Ocular health was scored using number of ocular symptoms. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and p-values for ocular symptoms were calculated with binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. Higher prevalence rates for ocular symptoms were observed in groups with greater exposure to smartphones (p 2 hours daily and ≤2 hours continuously) and excessive/persistent use (>2 hours daily and >2 hours continuously) compared to shorter use (<2 hours daily) were associated with multiple ocular symptoms (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.09-4.39; OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.11-4.57, respectively). A higher lifetime exposure to smartphones was associated with a higher likelihood of having multiple ocular symptoms (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.51-6.19; p = 0.001). Increasing exposure to smartphones can have a negative impact on ocular health in adolescents.

  5. A global epidemiological survey and strategy of treatment of military ocular injury

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    Mao-nian ZHANG

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Objective To investigate the current global status of military ocular injury for the purpose of improving the level of domestic epidemiological investigation,in order to improve treatment strategies,and to prevent and reduce the incidence of military ocular injury in Chinese PLA.Methods The epidemiological literature concerning military ocular injury occurring in our country and abroad in recent five years was retrieved by information research;the problems and experiences in the aspects of epidemiological survey,registry,data collection,systematic treatment and prevention of military ocular injury existed in PLA were also summarized and analyzed.Results There were currently no systematic epidemiological data about ocular injury in PLA.A few articles about epidemiological study on ocular injury showed that servicemen were the high risk population of ocular injury.Both in peacetime or wartime the ocular injury was the primary cause leading to monocular blindness of soldiers.As to the ocular injury,in 51.55% of the patients,it occurred in the military operations and work,and 30.31% in military training.The incidence of ocular injury was different in various services,for example,the incidence in the internal security forces of armed police could be as high as 78.85% due to training of martial arts and boxing and wrestling.The deficiency of microsurgery equipments and untimely evacuation were the main causes affecting prognosis during treatment course in primary military hospitals.Conclusions Military affairs,physical training,military maneuver and defense constructions are the main causes of ocular injury in servicemen,and young male soldiers are the main group for prevention and treatment for military ocular injury.More attention should be paid to the epidemiological survey of military ocular injury to find out the causes leading to ocular injury,to improve treatment strategies,to formulate feasible protective measures and then military ocular

  6. Screening athletes with Down syndrome for ocular disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gutstein, Walter; Sinclair, Stephen H; North, Rachel V; Bekiroglu, N

    2010-02-01

    Persons with Down syndrome are well known to have a high prevalence of vision and eye health problems, many of which are undetected or untreated primarily because of infrequent ocular examinations. Public screening programs, directed toward the pediatric population, have become more popular and commonly use letter or symbol charts. This study compares 2 vision screening methods, the Lea Symbol chart and a newly developed interactive computer program, the Vimetrics Central Vision Analyzer (CVA), in their ability to identify ocular disease in the Down syndrome population. Athletes with Down syndrome participating in the European Special Olympics underwent an ocular screening including history, auto-refraction, colour vision assessment, stereopsis assessment, motility assessment, pupil reactivity, and tonometry testing, as well as anterior segment and fundus examinations to evaluate for ocular disease. Visual acuity was tested with the Lea chart and CVA to evaluate these as screening tests for detecting ocular disease as well as significant, uncorrected refractive errors. Among the 91 athletes that presented to the screening, 79 (158 eyes) were sufficiently cooperative for the examination to be completed. Mean age was 26 years +/-10.8 SD. Significant, uncorrected refractive errors (>/=1.00 spherical equivalent) were detected in 28 (18%) eyes and ocular pathology in 51 (32%) eyes. The Lea chart sensitivity and specificity were 43% and 74%, respectively, for detecting ocular pathology and 58% and 100% for detecting uncorrected refractive errors. The CVA sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 86% for detecting pathology and 71% and 100% for detecting uncorrected refractive errors. This study confirmed the findings of prior studies in identifying a significant presence of uncorrected refractive errors and ocular pathology in the Down syndrome population. Screening with the Lea symbol chart found borderline sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the test to be used

  7. Work-related ocular injuries in Johor Bahru, Malaysia

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    Nyo Nyo Min

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available AIM:To describe the epidemiology of work-related ocular injuries and its visual outcome in tertiary hospital in southern Malaysia. METHODS:Retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed as work-related ocular injuries who attended to the eye casualty of Hospital Sultan Ismail in Johor Bahru, Malaysia from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013. Data for clinical presentation, types of injuries, use of eye protective device(EPDand visual outcome were collected using a standardized proforma.RESULTS: A total of 935 ocular injuries attended to Hospital Sultan Ismail during 3y period. Among them 440 cases were work-related ocular injuries and included in the study. There was significant male preponderance(98.19%and commonest age group affected was 21 to 30y(45%. The most common type of injury was superficial injuries(70.91%, followed by chemical(11.13%, open globe(8.41%, closed globe(6.83%and thermal(2.72%. Although Malays are commonly involved in work-related ocular injury accounted for 78.47%, two-thirds of open globe injuries were seen in foreign workers. Only 59 patients(13.41%reported that they wore EPD at the time of incident. Generally, 89.86%(n=399had good vision, 5.45%(n=24had moderate vision and 3.86%(n=17poor vision. Visual outcome related to specific types of injuries showed that poor outcome was higher in open globe injuries groups compared with closed globe injuries \\〖odd ratio(OR=3.33, 95% confidence interval(CI=0.68 to 16.33\\〗. Overall hospital attendance rate of work-related ocular trauma ranged from 20.7 to 51.9 per 1000 new cases and decline of approximately 1.5% per year(PCONCLUSION: Work-related ocular trauma is important cause of ocular morbidity in working forces particularly young men. Malay males between 21 to 40y have higher risk. Majority of work-related ocular trauma seen in our hospital are generally of superficial injuries and potentially preventable. This study indicates they need to improve safety measures to

  8. Dimensoes da vulnerabilidade para as familias da crianca com dor oncologica em ambiente hospitalar

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    Maria da Graca Corso da Motta

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Identificar aspectos que demonstrem as dimensões da vulnerabilidade no universo familiar na ótica da família de crianças com dor oncológica em ambiente hospitalar Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizada na Unidade de Hematologia e Oncologia Pediátrica, de um hospital de grande porte da cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. Participaram do estudo nove famílias, utilizando-se para coleta dos dados o Método Criativo Sensível, por meio das dinâmicas de criatividade e sensibilidade, analisadas conforme o referencial da Análise de Conteúdo de Minayo, nos meses de Maio e Junho de 2010 Constatou-se que a doença traz à tona situações de vulnerabilidade, conferindo à criança e à família, sofrimento, dor, medo, angústia, desgaste físico e mental, causados pelo câncer. Assim, a Enfermagem, ao apropriar-se do marco conceitual da vulnerabilidade, pode visualizar novas dimensões do processo saúde/doença auxiliando a criança doente e sua família.

  9. Hospital-based ocular emergencies: epidemiology, treatment, and visual outcomes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cheung, Cindy A; Rogers-Martel, Melanie; Golas, Liliya; Chepurny, Anna; Martel, James B; Martel, Joseph R

    2014-03-01

    Ocular trauma is recognized as the leading cause of unilateral blindness. However, few studies to date have focused on the clinical features of hospital-based ocular emergencies. Effectiveness of trauma centers in treating ocular emergencies was compared with treatment in traditional community hospital emergency departments. Demographics, causes, and nature of ocular emergencies, as well as visual outcome in community hospitals emergency departments and trauma centers, were also examined. Records of 1027 patients with ocular emergencies seen between July 2007 and November 2010 at 3 community hospitals emergency departments and 2 hospitals with level II trauma centers were retrospectively examined. Unpaired t test and Pearson χ(2) test were used to determine statistical significance. The incidence of patients requiring ophthalmic intervention was 77.2 per 100 000 in the community hospitals and 208.9 per 100 000 in the trauma centers. Rates of ocular emergencies were higher in middle-aged, white men. Orbital fractures were found in 86% of all orbital contusion cases in trauma centers, whereas 66.7% of patients with fall injuries and open globe diagnoses resulted in legal blindness. The middle-aged, white men are more vulnerable to ocular injuries caused mainly by motor vehicle accidents. The ability of trauma centers to provide comparable increases in vision outcomes, despite treating more severe ocular emergencies, demonstrates the effectiveness of trauma centers. Patients diagnosed as having orbital contusions or who have fall injuries deserve careful evaluation because they are more likely to have more severe sight-threatening injuries. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Sonographic measurements of ocular biometry of indigenous ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This study was aimed at conducting ophthalmic sonographic examination of Nigerian indigenous dogs to provide baseline information on some major ocular parameters. Healthy eyes of eighty (80) indigenous dogs were used for the study. The dogs were adequately restrained physically and the structure of the ocular ...

  11. Mensurações do bulbo ocular e cálculo do poder dióptrico de lentes intraoculares em coelhos

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    M.A.R. Valinhos

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Determinaram-se as dimensões oculares de coelhos, empregando ultrassonografia modo-A e ceratometria, a fim de utilizá-las como subsídios para calcular o poder dióptrico de lentes intraoculares a serem implantadas experimentalmente nessa espécie e avaliar se existe diferença entre as mensurações oculares de machos e fêmeas e entre olho esquerdo e olho direito. Foram utilizados 58 animais do grupo genético Botucatu, distribuídos entre 30 fêmeas e 28 machos, com idade média de 85,8±8,29 dias e peso médio de 2,3±0,46kg. O cálculo da lente intraocular foi realizado por meio do software Holladay IOL Consultant®. As fórmulas empregadas para o cálculo foram: Holladay II, Holladay I, Hoffer Q e SRK-T, que calcularam lentes de aproximadamente 48,5 D; 50,27 D; 59,67 D e 49,24 D, respectivamente. A fórmula SRK-T mostrou-se semelhante às fórmulas Holladay II e Holladay I, enquanto entre as demais ocorreram diferenças. As características biométricas oculares avaliadas, assim como o poder dióptrico calculado por uma mesma fórmula, não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação ao sexo e à lateralidade.

  12. Autologous grafting of extraocular muscles: experimental study in rabbits Transplante autólogo de musculatura ocular extrínseca: estudo experimental em coelhos

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    Jorge Meireles-Teixeira

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of autologous extraocular muscle grafting as a type of muscle expansion surgery. METHODS: The left superior rectus muscle of twenty-nine rabbits was resected and this fragment was attached to the endpoint of the respective right superior rectus (test group. Thereafter, the superior rectus of the left eye was reattached to the sclera (control group. Both groups were examined during different postoperative periods in order to assess their outcomes. RESULTS: The presence of hyperemia was slightly more frequent in the grafted group. Secretion and muscle atrophy were negligible in both groups. Fibrosis was greater in grafted animals. These muscles were weaker than the control muscles, although the force required to split muscular parts was always greater than the physiological one. CONCLUSIONS: This surgical technique was reliable and useful if one intends to achieve muscle expansion without the intrinsic risks of dealing with heterologous/artificial materials.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a viabilidade do uso de segmentos de músculos oculares extrínsecos como expansores de tendões musculares. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove coelhos tiveram seu músculo reto superior esquerdo ressecado e o fragmento de cada um foi transplantado para o reto superior contralateral (grupo-teste. Então, o reto superior esquerdo foi reinserido na esclera (grupo-controle. Os animais foram então examinados em diversos períodos pós-operatórios, até os seus sacrifícios, para que se avaliasse o desenrolar dessa técnica cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: A hiperemia foi maior entre os testes. A secreção e a atrofia muscular foram mínimas nos dois grupos. Houve maior presença de fibrose no grupo-teste, mas não tão expressiva a ponto de inviabilizar os efeitos da cirurgia. Esses músculos também se romperam mais facilmente do que os do grupo-controle, porém, a força de rompimento foi sempre bem maior do que aquela presente numa contração muscular normal

  13. Multiple transfused thalassemia major: Ocular manifestations in a hospital-based population

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    Taneja Rashi

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: To study the ocular manifestations in multiple transfused beta-thalassemia major patients and assess the ocular side-effects of iron chelating agents. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 45 multiple transfused beta-thalassemia major children between six months and 21 years of age were enrolled and assigned groups according to the treatment regimens suggested. Group A received only blood transfusions, Group B blood transfusions with subcutaneous desferrioxamine, Group C blood transfusions with desferrioxamine and oral deferriprone and Group D blood transfusions with deferriprone. Ocular status at the time of enrolment was documented. Subjects were observed quarterly for one year for changes in ocular status arising due to the disease process and due to iron chelation therapy. Children with hemoglobinopathies other than beta-thalassemia major, congenital ocular anomalies and anemia due to other causes were excluded. Results: Ocular involvement was observed in 58% of patients. Lenticular opacities were the most common ocular finding (44%, followed by decreased visual acuity (33%. An increased occurrence of ocular changes was observed with increase of serum ferritin and serum iron levels as well as with higher number of blood transfusions received. Desferrioxamine seemed to have a protective influence on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE mottling. Occurrence of lenticular opacities and RPE degeneration correlated positively with use of desferrioxamine and deferriprone respectively. Follow-up of patients for one year did not reveal any change in ocular status. Conclusion: Regular ocular examinations can aid in preventing, delaying or ameliorating the ocular complications of thalassemia.

  14. Staphylococcus aureus ocular infection: methicillin-resistance, clinical features, and antibiotic susceptibilities.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chih-Chun Chuang

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA infection is an important public health issue. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of ocular infections caused by MRSA and to identify the clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of ocular MRSA infections by comparing those of ocular methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA infections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The medical records of the patients (n = 519 with culture-proven S. aureus ocular infections seen between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2008 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Two hundred and seventy-four patients with MRSA and 245 with MSSA ocular infections were identified. The average rate of MRSA in S. aureus infections was 52.8% and the trend was stable over the ten years (P value for trend  = 0.228. MRSA ocular infections were significantly more common among the patients with healthcare exposure (P = 0.024, but 66.1% (181/274 patients with MRSA ocular infections had no healthcare exposure. The most common clinical presentation for both MRSA and MSSA ocular infections was keratitis; MRSA and MSSA caused a similar disease spectrum except for lid infections. MRSA was significantly more resistant than MSSA to clindamycin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (all P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrated a paralleled trend of ocular MRSA infection in a highly prevalent MRSA country by hospital-based survey. Except for lid disorder, MRSA shared similar spectrum of ocular pathology with MSSA. Since S. aureus is a common ocular pathogen, our results raise clinician's attention to the existence of highly prevalent MRSA.

  15. Prosthetic management of an ocular defect

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Siddesh Kumar Chintal

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The disfigurement associated with the loss of an eye can cause significant physical and emotional problems. Various treatment modalities are available, one of which is implants. Although implant has a superior outcome, it may not be advisable in all patients due to economic factors. The present article describes the prosthetic management of an ocular defect with a custom-made ocular prosthesis.

  16. Estudo comparativo do desempenho óptico de diversas lentes intra-oculares (LIO) multifocais

    OpenAIRE

    Antunes, Telma Nicole Nogueira

    2012-01-01

    A cirurgia da catarata tem vindo a evoluir ao longo dos anos, tendo sido realizado o primeiro implante de uma lente intra-ocular em 1949. Desde então, várias técnicas foram utilizadas e descontinuadas devido a insucessos. Actualmente é utilizada a técnica de facoemulsificação. Tal como a técnica cirúrgica a lente implantada também tem vindo a evoluir, tanto a nível do material como a nível de design. Com as evoluções, tanto a nível de técnica cirúrgica como a nível de forma e material das len...

  17. OCULAR FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Cerebral palsy is commonly associated with ocular abnormalities which often impact on their development and education. There is paucity of studies on this in Nigeria. We decided to study/ determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy that attended the neurology clinic of University of ...

  18. Ocular Manifestations of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karesh, James W; Mazzoli, Robert A; Heintz, Shannon K

    2018-03-01

    Of the 3,548 known mosquito species, about 100 transmit human diseases. Mosquitoes are distributed globally throughout tropical and temperate regions where standing water sources are available for egg laying and the maturation of larva. Female mosquitoes require blood meals for egg production. This is the main pathway for disease transmission. Mosquitoes carry several pathogenic organisms responsible for significant ocular pathology and vision loss including West Nile, Rift Valley, chikungunya, dengue viruses, various encephalitis viruses, malarial parasites, Francisella tularensis, microfilarial parasites, including Dirofilaria, Wuchereria, and Brugia spp., and human botfly larvae. Health care providers may not be familiar with many of these mosquito-transmitted diseases or their associated ocular findings delaying diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of visual function. This article aims to provide an overview of the ocular manifestations associated with mosquito-transmitted diseases.

  19. Alterações oftalmológicas decorrentes do tratamento do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil Ocular changes due to the treatment of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melissa Mariti Fraga

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar retrospectivamente as alterações oftalmológicas de crianças e adolescentes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ em um serviço de reumatologia pediátrica terciário. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 117 pacientes com LESJ (85,5% do gênero feminino, 60,7% não caucasoides com média de idade de 10,4 anos e média de tempo de evolução da doença de 5,4 anos que preenchiam no mínimo quatro critérios de classificação do LES de acordo com o American College of Rheumatology de 1997. Aplicamos um protocolo que continha dados clínicos e demográficos, queixas e alterações oftalmológicas, idade do início, tempo de uso e dose cumulativa das medicações. RESULTADOS: Dos 117 pacientes, 24 (20,5% apresentaram alterações oftalmológicas. Destes, 16 apresentaram alteração de fundo de olho associada a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e/ou uso de cloroquina, quatro apresentaram catarata, dois apresentaram glaucoma e dois apresentaram catarata e glaucoma. A média de idade do aparecimento das alterações oftalmológicas foi de 14,1 anos. Os pacientes com alterações oftalmológicas receberam, estatisticamente, maiores doses e tempos de pulsoterapia de glicocorticoide em relação aos pacientes sem alterações oftalmológicas [1,5 (0,4-1,6 versus 1 (0,2-1,6 mg/kg, P = 0,003; 25,7 (2-99 versus 17,8 (1-114 meses, P = 0,0001; respectivamente]. CONCLUSÃO: Verificamos alta prevalência de alterações oftalmológicas relacionadas principalmente ao tratamento do LESJ, o que demonstra a necessidade de avaliações regulares mesmo em pacientes assintomáticos, visando ao diagnóstico e intervenção precoces e à diminuição da morbidade ocular relacionada a essa doença.OBJECTIVE: To assess retrospectively the ocular changes in children and adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE in a tertiary pediatric rheumatology service. METHODS: This study assessed 117 JSLE patients (85.5% female, 60.7% non

  20. The ocular complications of boxing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giovinazzo, V J; Yannuzzi, L A; Sorenson, J A; Delrowe, D J; Cambell, E A

    1987-06-01

    In cooperation with the New York State Athletic Commission, 74 boxers applying for a new or yearly renewal license were sequentially referred over a 2-year period for a complete dilated ocular examination at the Sports Vision Institute of the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. At least one ocular injury was found in 66% of boxers. Vision-threatening injuries, defined as significant damage to the angle, lens, macula, or peripheral retina occurred in 58% of boxers. Nineteen percent of boxers had angle abnormalities. Nineteen percent of boxers had pathologic cataracts, over 70% of these were posterior subcapsular. Six boxers had macular lesions. A total of 24% of boxers had retinal tears. Standardized photographs were used to distinguish pathologic cataracts from congenital opacities and pathologic retinal tears from atrophic holes. Attempts were made to identify risk factors in boxing that might be predictive for ocular injury. Variables included age, weight division, left- or right-handedness, total number of losses, and total number of bouts. Significant correlations were found between the total number of bouts and the total number of losses, and the presence of retinal tears. College varsity athletes were selected as controls. Significant differences were found between boxers and controls for the total number of injuries, total vision-threatening injuries, and the number of retinal tears. A series of recommendations are proposed to aide in the early detection and prevention of serious ocular injuries.

  1. Achados ecográficos em pacientes com catarata total Ultrasound findings in patients with dense cataracts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zélia Maria da Silva Corrêa

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência e a natureza das anomalias intra-oculares detectadas no exame de ultra-som em pacientes com catarata densa (total e comparar estes achados com aqueles obtidos após cirurgia de catarata. Métodos: Foram revisados 724 ultra-sonografias oculares realizadas entre janeiro de 1999 e julho de 2001. Destas, 289 exames foram solicitadas em casos de catarata densa (total pela impossibilidade de observar o segmento posterior. Os achados ultra-sonográficos foram documentados por fotografias e revisados para o estudo. Seguimento pós-operatório foi possível em 131 pacientes para avaliar sensibilidade e especificidade do ultra-som como método diagnóstico. A análise estatística foi feita com o teste t de "Student" usando o pacote estatístico SPSS "Statistical Package for the Social Science" 8.0 para Windows. Resultados: Foram estudados 289 pacientes com catarata densa, todos avaliados com ultra-som; 200 destes apresentavam alterações ecográficas em segmento posterior. Nos pacientes sem história de trauma ocular (n=268, 82 olhos (30,6% apresentaram segmento posterior normal e 26 olhos (9,7%, descolamento de retina. Nos pacientes com história de trauma ocular (n=21 foram encontrados 8 olhos com descolamento de retina (38,1% e 7 normais (33,3%. A concordância entre os achados ecográficos e pós-operatórios foi de 95,4% nos 131 pacientes com seguimento pós-operatório. O ultra-som apresentou sensibilidade de 91,3% e especificidade de 100%. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a avaliação pré-operatória de cataratas densas com ultra-som se mostrou eficiente em diagnosticar alterações do segmento posterior. A sensibilidade e a especificidade deste exame complementar na amostra estudada confirmam a importância do ultra-som na avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes com cataratas densas.Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and nature of intra-ocular abnormalities detected by conventional B-scan ultrasound in patients

  2. Movimentos oculares anómalos – a propósito de um caso clínico

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    Diana Bordalo

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: Os tiques são as perturbações hipercinéticas mais comuns na infância. Correspondem a movimentos e/ou sons repetitivos, breves, intermitentes e sem objetivo. Podem classificar-se como motores/vocais e simples/complexos. Caso clínico: Menina de 5 anos, observada por movimentos anómalos oculares à esquerda, com dois dias de evolução. Ao exame objetivo destacava-se pestanejar frequente seguido de movimentos irregulares do olho esquerdo, com duração de segundos. O desenvolvimento psicomotor era adequado e o restante exame objetivo, nomeadamente, o exame neurológico, era normal. Posteriormente iniciou movimentos anómalos, também no olho direito. Por suspeita de síndrome opsoclonus–mioclonus realizou ressonância magnética cerebral e toraco-abdomino-pélvica e efetuou doseamento de catecolaminas urinárias. Todos estes exames foram normais. Foi avaliada em consulta de Neuropediatria, sendo diagnosticado tique motor ocular complexo. Verificou-se melhoria gradual da sintomatologia sem necessidade de terapêutica. Discussão: Os tiques podem ter impacto negativo na vida da criança. Habitualmente são transitórios, melhorando na adolescência, não requerendo tratamento. Os autores apresentam este caso porque a complexidade dos movimentos oculares sugeriu outra hipótese de diagnóstico, potencialmente grave, que exigia investigação e pronta atuação.

  3. Method optimization of ocular patches

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kamalesh Upreti

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The intraocular patches were prepared using gelatin as the polymer. Ocular patch were prepared by solvent casting method. The patches were prepared for six formulations GP1, GP2, GP3, GP4, GP5 and GP6. Petri dishes were used for formulation of ocular patch. Gelatin was used as a polymer of choice. Glutaraldehyde used as cross linking agent and (DMSO dimethylsulfoxide used as solubility enhancer. The elasticity depends upon the concentration of gelatin. 400 mg amount of polymer i.e gelatin gave the required elasticity for the formulation.

  4. Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases

    OpenAIRE

    Andonegui, J.

    2008-01-01

    Existe un gran número de enfermedades sistémicas que pueden presentar en algún momento de su evolución manifestaciones oculares. Estas alteraciones pueden provocar sintomatología por sí mismas, pueden ayudar a diagnosticar la enfermedad sistémica que las originó o pueden servir para monitorizar el curso evolutivo de la misma. Se destacan las principales características de una serie de enfermedades sistémicas asociadas a patología ocular que serán estudiadas en detalle a lo largo de esta monog...

  5. Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Nihat Sayin; Necip Kara; Gokhan Pekel

    2015-01-01

    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a important health problemthat induces ernestful complications and it causessignificant morbidity owing to specific microvascularcomplications such as, retinopathy, nephropathy andneuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as,ischaemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy.It can affect children, young people and adults and isbecoming more common. Ocular complications associatedwith DM are progressive and rapidly becoming theworld's most significant cause of morbidity and arepreventable with early detection and timely treatment.This review provides an overview of five main ocularcomplications associated with DM, diabetic retinopathyand papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surfacediseases.

  6. Eye-hand preference dissociation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and dyslexia Dissociação da preferência ocular e manual em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e dislexia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marilena Occhini Siviero

    2002-06-01

    avaliação da lateralidade de Zazzó versão reduzida de Granjon. Os resultados mostraram a preferência pela mão direita de 84,6% nos disléxicos, 100% nos normais e 80% em TOC. A preferência ocular pelo olho direito foi de 69,2% nos disléxicos, 73,3% nos normais e apenas 35% nos TOC, com significância de p=0,01 quando comparada aos outros dois grupos.A preferência da mão esquerda pelo grupo de pacientes com TOC (25% foi também significante quando comparada com os resultados da população brasileira em geral (4% ou da população inglesa (4,5%. É possível que esta dominância cruzada seja responsável, em parte, pelas dificuldades visuo-espaciais e construcionais observadas no TOC.

  7. Ocular trauma: A tertiary hospital experience from Oman

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    Haitham H Al-Mahrouqi

    2017-01-01

    CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma is a common presentation at Al-Nahdha Hospital. Although the majority of trauma cases were minor without any resultant visual disability, OGI could have been prevented with better ocular protection in the workplace.

  8. Methotrexate for ocular inflammatory diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gangaputra, Sapna; Newcomb, Craig W; Liesegang, Teresa L; Kaçmaz, R Oktay; Jabs, Douglas A; Levy-Clarke, Grace A; Nussenblatt, Robert B; Rosenbaum, James T; Suhler, Eric B; Thorne, Jennifer E; Foster, C Stephen; Kempen, John H

    2009-11-01

    To evaluate the outcome of treatment with methotrexate for noninfectious ocular inflammation. Retrospective cohort study. Patients with noninfectious ocular inflammation managed at 4 tertiary ocular inflammation clinics in the United States observed to add methotrexate as a single, noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive agent to their treatment regimen, between 1979 and 2007, inclusive. Participants were identified from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including dosage, route of administration of methotrexate, and main outcome measures, were obtained for every eye of every patient at every visit via medical record review by trained expert reviewers. Control of inflammation, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and incidence of and reason for discontinuation of therapy. Among 384 patients (639 eyes) observed from the point of addition of methotrexate to an anti-inflammatory regimen, 32.8%, 9.9%, 21.4%, 14.6%, 15.1%, and 6.3%, respectively, had anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior or panuveitis, scleritis, ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, and other forms of ocular inflammation. In these groups, complete suppression of inflammation sustained for >or=28 days was achieved within 6 months in 55.6%, 47.4%, 38.6%, 56.4%, 39.5%, and 76.7%, respectively. Corticosteroid-sparing success (sustained suppression of inflammation with prednisone Methotrexate was discontinued within 1 year by 42% of patients. It was discontinued owing to ineffectiveness in 50 patients (13%); 60 patients (16%) discontinued because of side effects, which typically were reversible with dose reduction or discontinuation. Remission was seen in 43 patients, with 7.7% remitting within 1 year of treatment. Our data suggest that adding methotrexate to an anti-inflammatory regimen not involving other noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive drugs is moderately effective for management of inflammatory activity and for achieving

  9. OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF HEAD INJURIES

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    Kanukollu Venkata Madusudana Rao

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND This prospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence of ocular manifestations in head injury and their correlation with the intracranial lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 consecutive cases of closed head injury admitted in the neurosurgical ward of a tertiary teaching hospital underwent a thorough ophthalmic assessment. Clinical examination, radiological imaging and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS were applied to grade the severity of injury. RESULTS Total number of 108 patients of head injury were examined of which 38 patients had ocular manifestations (35.18%. Of these, 85.18% were males, 84% of injuries were due to road traffic accidents and 16% were due to fall from a height. The ocular manifestations were as follows- Orbital complications were seen in 6 patients (15.8%. Anterior segment manifestations included black eyes seen in 10 patients (26.3%, subconjunctival haemorrhage in 10.5% of patients (4 patients, corneal involvement in 21% of patients (8 patients and pupillary involvement in 50% of patients (19 patients. Posterior segment manifestations were seen in 26.3% of patients (10 patients and were as follows- Purtscher’s retinopathy in 2 patients and optic atrophy in 5 patients. Cranial nerve palsies were seen in 15 patients (39.47% and supranuclear movement disorders were seen in 3 patients (8%. CONCLUSION Even though, neurosurgeons perform comprehensive clinical examination including eye examination, the main purpose is limited to aid topical diagnosis of neurological lesions. This study emphasises the importance of a detailed eye examination by an ophthalmologist to prevent irreversible visual loss in addition to aiding in the neurological diagnosis. Pupillary involvement, papilloedema and ocular motor paresis pointed to a more severe head injury. This observational prospective study helped us to correlate the severity of head injuries in association with ocular findings in patients admitted in neurosurgical ward

  10. Epidemiological aspects of ocular superglue injuries

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    Seyed Ali Tabatabaei

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To report the frequency, associated risk factors and characteristics of cases referred to Farabi Eye Hospital with ocular superglue injuries. METHODS: In a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between December 2012 and February 2013, patients with ocular superglue injuries were evaluated. Age, sex, educational level, location, time, mechanism, type, site and time of eye injury were gathered through interview using a customized questionnaire. All participants had given consent to undergo thorough eye examination. RESULTS: Over the course of three months, 105 patients with ocular superglue injuries enrolled in the study, including 56(53.3% men and 49(46.7% women with the mean age of 24.7±11.6 (range, 2 to 53y. The right eye, left eye and both eyes were involved in 52%, 42% and 6% of the patients, respectively. Most of injuries had occurred at home (72.4% and at night (55%. More than half of patients (52.4% did not take any primary aids following the ocular injury. Patient carelessness (78.1%, childhood curiosity and lack of parental supervision (11.4%, storing superglue in inappropriate places and inadvertently using superglue as eye drops due to poor vision (2.9%, inadequate awareness of superglue applications [used to stick on artificial nails (3.8%, artificial eyelashes (1.9% and broken tooth (1%] and being assaulted with glue (1% were common risk factors. CONCLUSION: The frequency of ocular superglue injuries in patients referred to Farabi Eye Hospital is relatively high. This finding underlines the importance of public education and awareness about superglue injuries to the eye and taking protective measures and safety strategies in order to prevent these injures.

  11. Avaliação do monômero residual de resinas acrílicas utilizadas para prótese ocular, polimerizadas convencionalmente e por energia de microondas = Evaluation of residual monomer between conventional and microwave heat-cured acrylic resins used for ocular prostheses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moroni, Pedro Alexandre

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou comparar a quantidade de monômero residual das resinas acrílicas utilizadas para confecção de prótese ocular, termopolimerizável incolor (grupo controle e Onda-Cryll incolor após a polimerização convencional (MC e com energia de microondas (MW respectivamente. Para o experimento foram confeccionados três corpos-de-prova para cada tipo de resina e período de investigação, num total de 30 corpos-de-prova, os quais foram submetidos a ensaios titulométricos nos períodos de 5, 30 60, 120 e 1. 440 minutos (24 horas após a demuflagem. A resina acrílica termopolimerizável incolor apresentou índice inferiores de concentração de monômero residual em relação à resina acrílica Onda-Cryll incolor. A resina acrílica polimerizada por microondas apresentou baixos indíces de concentração de monômero residual, porém um pouco superiores (até 120 minutos em relação à resina termopolimerizável incolor. Ambos os materiais apresentaram valores numéricos estatisticamente semelhantes de concentração de monômero residual no período de 1440 minutos (24horas. Uma técnica de confecção de prótese ocular através de forno de microondas é exeqüível, pois os acrílicos apresentam concentrações normais de monômero residual após 120 minutos da sua polimerização, em relação ao grupo controle

  12. Measurement of normal ocular volume by the use of computed ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Reduction or increase in ocular volume may indicate ocular pathology. Unfortunately the reference values utilized for ocular volume had been that of non-Africans. It is therefore pertinent to have a reference value of normal for Africans. Objective: To document the computer tomography (CT) scan measured ...

  13. Ocular findings after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tabbara, Khalid F; Al-Ghamdi, Ahmad; Al-Mohareb, Fahad; Ayas, Mouhab; Chaudhri, Naeem; Al-Sharif, Fahad; Al-Zahrani, Hazzaa; Mohammed, Said Y; Nassar, Amr; Aljurf, Mahmoud

    2009-09-01

    To study the incidence, causes, and outcome of major ocular complications in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Retrospective, noncomparative, observational clinical study. The study included a total of 620 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT in the period from 1997 to 2007 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Allogeneic HSCT. Patients with ocular complications were referred to the ophthalmology division for complete ophthalmologic examination, including visual acuity, tonometry, Schirmer test, biomicroscopy, and dilated ophthalmoscopy. Laboratory investigations were performed whenever indicated. The incidence and causes of major ocular complications after allogeneic HSCT were determined. Visual acuity at 1 year after allogeneic HSCT was recorded. Major ocular complications occurred in 80 (13%) of 620 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. There were 36 male patients (45%) and 44 female patients (55%) with a mean age of 29 years and an age range of 9 to 65 years. Prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate in 69 patients, and cyclosporine, methotrexate and corticosteroids, or mycophenolate mofetil in 11 patients. The most frequently encountered ocular complications were chronic GVHD, dry eye syndrome without GVHD, corneal ulcers, cataract, glaucoma, cytomegalovirus retinitis, fungal endophthalmitis, and acquisition of allergic conjunctivitis from atopic donors. There was no correlation between the pattern of ocular complications and the transplanted stem cell source. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 year after transplantation was less than 20/200 in 13 patients (16%), less than 20/50 in 17 patients (21%), and better than 20/50 in 50 patients (63%). Ocular complications are common in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Early recognition and prompt treatment are important. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial

  14. Meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fenga, C; Aragona, P; Cacciola, A; Spinella, R; Di Nola, C; Ferreri, F; Rania, L

    2008-01-01

    Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common ocular disorders encountered in clinical practice. The clinical manifestations of MGD are related to the changes in the tear film and ocular surface with symptoms of ocular discomfort. In recent years, many surveys have evaluated symptoms associated with the use of Video Display Terminals (VDT), and VDT use is recognized as a risk factor for eye discomfort. The aim of the present study was to determine if the presence of MGD contributes to the signs and symptoms of ocular discomfort during the use of VDT. In course of a routine health surveillance programme, a group of 70 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria and responded to a questionnaire about symptoms of ocular discomfort. The following ocular tests were performed: tear break-up time, fluorescein corneal stain, and basal tear secretion test. A total of 52 subjects out of 70 (74.3%) had MGD. A statistically significant correlation between the symptoms of ocular discomfort and hours spent on VDT work was observed in the total population (r=0.358; P=0.002; 95% CI 0.13-0.54) and in the group of subjects with MGD (r=0.365; P=0.009; 95% CI 0.103-0.58). Such correlation was not shown in subjects without MGD. The high prevalence of MGD among the subjects with symptoms of ocular discomfort suggests that this diagnosis should be considered when occupational health practitioners encounter ocular complaints among VDT operators. It appears that MGD can contribute to the development of ocular discomfort in VDT operators.

  15. ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO NA ASSISTÊNCIA AO HOMEM COM CÂNCER: DESAFIOS PARA A INTEGRALIDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Mesaque Martins

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Na perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa e das teorias de gênero, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as concepções de profissionais de saúde que atuam em uma equipe multidisciplinar em oncologia acerca da assistência oferecida ao público masculino com câncer. Foram entrevistados dez profissionais de saúde que compõem uma equipe multidisciplinar de um hospital oncológico de Belo Horizonte, em Minas Gerais. Os resultados indicam que, para os entrevistados, os homens configuram-se como um público resistente e de difícil atuação, exigindo um manejo distinto daquele oferecido às mulheres. A dimensão biológica e o processo de socialização foram apontados como elementos que contribuem para esse distanciamento. Constatou-se ainda que os discursos dos profissionais de saúde também se encontram atravessados por estereótipos de gênero. Observam-se maior ênfase às necessidades das mulheres e o não reconhecimento dos homens como sujeitos das políticas de saúde e ações assistenciais. Faz-se necessária a inclusão do tema das masculinidades na pauta de discussões dos serviços de saúde em oncologia, favorecendo a construção participativa de estratégias que possibilitem o reconhecimento das necessidades masculinas e a garantia de práticas de saúde orientadas pelo princípio da integralidade.

  16. Design of an Implantable Device for Ocular Drug Delivery

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    Jae-Hwan Lee

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Ocular diseases, such as, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa require drug management in order to prevent blindness and affecting million of adults in USA and worldwide. There is an increasing need to develop devices for drug delivery to address ocular diseases. This study focuses on the design, simulation, and development of an implantable ocular drug delivery device consisting of micro-/nanochannels embedded between top and bottom covers with a drug reservoir made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS which is silicon-based organic and biodegradable polymer. Several simulations were carried out with six different micro-channel configurations in order to see the feasibility for ocular drug delivery applications. Based on the results obtained, channel design of osmotic I and osmotic II satisfied the diffusion rates required for ocular drug delivery. Finally, a prototype illustrating the three components of the drug delivery design is presented. In the future, the device will be tested for its functionality and diffusion characteristics.

  17. The Role of Prosthesis Spacer for Ocular Prostheses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Figueiredo, Luiza Alencar De Andrade; Sampaio, Aline Araújo; Souza, Samilly Evangelista; Ferreira, Fernando José Rigolin; Buzzá, Edmur Pereira; Rizzatti-Barbosa, Celia Marisa

    2017-06-01

    Eye defects can lead to emotional, psychological, and social changes, impacting negatively the quality of life of the patient. When these structures cannot be satisfactorily repaired by reconstructive surgery, the prosthetic rehabilitation is the better treatment option to restore lost ocular anatomy and promote the social integration of the individual. The aim of this clinical report is to report and discuss a case of ocular prosthesis confection eviscerated patient with opening limitation eyelid and shortening of the distance between palpebral commissure, to obtain a more natural and comfortable to the patient ocular rehabilitation.

  18. ATUAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA NA ASSISTÊNCIA À CRIANÇA COM CÂNCER: DA PREVENÇÃO AOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Araújo Gurgel

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Câncer é considerado problema de saúde pública. Na infância, apresenta alta incidência e mortalidade. Entretanto, a cura aumenta com diagnóstico precoce e tratamentos adequados, realizados por uma equipe multiprofissional. O psicólogo se insere nessa equipe e na equipe de cuidados paliativos, forma de cuidar oferecida para pacientes que não apresentam respostas a tratamentos curativos. A proposta desse trabalho é comentar a atuação do psicólogo na assistência à criança com câncer em todas as fases: da prevenção aos cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica baseada em: artigos científicos das bases Scielo Brasil e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; livros que retratam as temáticas: Câncer Infantil, Psico-oncologia, Cuidados Paliativos, Morte e; resgate da legislação. A análise da pesquisa permitiu considerar que existem muitos artigos sobre câncer infantil, psicologia hospitalar, cuidados paliativos, morte e luto mas poucos sobre psico-oncologia pediátrica e prática do psicólogo em cuidados paliativos. A prática do psicólogo no contexto do câncer infantil é focada em apoio, aconselhando e reabilitação; pode ser feita a nível individual ou grupal, através de escuta qualificada, esclarecimento de dúvidas, mediação entre paciente-família-equipe. O psicólogo pode trabalhar em todas as fases do câncer infantil, portanto, tornam-se necessários mais estudos e publicações na área da Psicologia.

  19. IMPACT OF MICROBIOTA ON RESISTANCE TO OCULAR PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA–INDUCED KERATITIS

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kugadas, Abirami; Christiansen, Stig Hill; Sankaranarayanan, Saiprasad

    2016-01-01

    The existence of the ocular microbiota has been reported but functional analyses to evaluate its significance in regulating ocular immunity are currently lacking. We compared the relative contribution of eye and gut commensals in regulating the ocular susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa...... to be dependent on both eye and gut microbiota with the eye microbiota having a moderate, but significant impact on the resistance to infection. These events were IL-1ß–dependent as corneal IL-1ß levels were decreased in the infected GF and antibiotic-treated mice when compared to the SPF controls...... for microbiota in regulating susceptibility to ocular keratitis. We predict that these results will have significant implications for contact lens wearers, where alterations in the ocular commensal communities may render the ocular surface vulnerable to infections....

  20. Complicações oftálmicas em pacientes com tumores malignos extra-orbitários Ophthalmic complications in patients with extraorbital malignant tumors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Célia Baptista

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Correlacionar as complicações oftálmicas, presentes em pacientes portadores de tumores malignos extra-orbitários, com o sítio de origem e diagnóstico histopatológico destas neoplasias, por meio de tomografia computadorizada. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados retrospectivamente, por tomografia computadorizada, 29 pacientes com neoplasias malignas extra-orbitárias, sem qualquer tratamento prévio do tumor, e evidência clínico-radiológica de comprometimento orbitário associado. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do carcinoma epidermóide (28%, seguido pelo carcinoma basocelular (14%. As complicações oftálmicas mais comumente observadas foram proptose (38%, epífora (24% e dor ocular (24%. Redução da acuidade visual foi referida em 14 % dos casos. Os sítios de origem mais comuns das neoplasias foram o seio maxilar (28%, o seio etmoidal (17% e a pele e subcutâneo da face (17%. Proptose ocular foi causada predominantemente por tumores não carcinomatosos e tumores originados no seio etmoidal, ao passo que epífora ocorreu preferencialmente nos casos de tumores carcinomatosos e de neoplasias do seio maxilar. Redução da motilidade ocular, irritação ocular e secreção no olho foram as complicações oftálmicas mais freqüentes em pacientes com tumores dos anexos oculares, ao passo que dor ocular foi a complicação oftálmica dominante nos pacientes com neoplasias originadas na pele e subcutâneo da face. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores sugerem que, diante de paciente com epífora e massa maxilo-nasal, carcinoma do seio maxilar deve ser considerado primariamente no diagnóstico diferencial da lesão. Da mesma forma, tumores não carcinomatosos, como sarcomas e linfomas, devem ser considerados, sobretudo no diagnóstico de pacientes com proptose e massa naso-etmoidal.OBJECTIVE: To correlate the ophthalmic complications in patients with extra-orbital malignant tumors with the site of origin and histopathologic diagnosis of the tumors by

  1. Improvement of chronic corneal opacity in ocular surface disease with prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cressey, Anna; Jacobs, Deborah S; Remington, Crystal; Carrasquillo, Karen G

    2018-06-01

    To demonstrate clearing of chronic corneal opacities and improvement of visual acuity with the use of BostonSight prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment in ocular surface disease. We undertook retrospective analysis of the medical records of a series of patients who underwent PROSE treatment from August 2006 to December 2014. Patients were referred for ocular surface disease of various etiologies. Primary inclusion criterion was corneal opacity that improved with PROSE treatment. Patients were excluded if topical steroids or adjuvant therapy used once PROSE treatment was initiated. Underlying disease, prior treatment, clinical presentation, and clinical course were extracted from the medical record. Four patients are included in this series. There were three females and one male; median age at time of treatment initiation was 30 years (range = 0.5-58 years). Median duration of PROSE treatment at time of retrospective analysis was 3.5 years (range = 1-8 years). Two cases had corneal opacification in the context of neurotrophic keratopathy: a unilateral case due to presumed herpes simplex keratitis and a bilateral case due to congenital corneal anesthesia associated with familial dysautonomia. One case had corneal opacity from exposure related to seventh nerve palsy, and one had corneal opacification associated with recurrent surface breakdown, neurotrophic keratopathy, and limbal stem deficiency of uncertain etiology. After consistent wear of prosthetic devices used in PROSE treatment for support of the ocular surface, visual acuity improved and clearing of the opacities was observed, without use of topical steroids or adjuvant therapy. These cases demonstrate clearing of chronic corneal opacity with PROSE treatment for ocular surface disease. This clearing can occur with no adjuvant therapy, suggesting that restoration of ocular surface function and integrity allows for corneal remodeling.

  2. Late effects of ionizing radiation on the eye and ocular adnexa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Romestaing, P.; Hullo, A.

    1997-01-01

    Late ocular effects after irradiation of the eyes and ocular adnexa are reviewed. Ocular and orbital injuries occur more often after irradiation of central nervous system neoplasms or treatment of paranasal sinus malignancies. The complete loss of vision is the major complication which is multi-factorial. This paper describes the radiation effects and grading of ocular adnexa, lens, retina, optic nerves and orbit. The tolerance doses and treatment are described. (authors)

  3. Review of external ocular compression: clinical applications of the ocular pressure estimator

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Korenfeld MS

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Michael S Korenfeld,1,2 David K Dueker3 1Comprehensive Eye Care, Ltd. Washington, MO, USA; 2Washington University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, St Louis, MO, USA; 3Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar Purpose: The authors have previously validated an Ocular Pressure Estimator (OPE that can estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP during external ocular compression (EOC. The authors now apply the OPE in clinical states where EOC is clinically important. The original work is described for two periods of risk: during sleep and during the digital ocular massage (DOM maneuver used by surgeons after trabeculectomy to keep the operation functional. Other periods of risk for external ocular compression are then reviewed.Methods: The first protocol estimated the IOP in the dependent eye during simulated sleep. Subjects had their IOPs initially measured in an upright-seated position, immediately upon assuming a right eye dependent side sleeping position (with nothing contacting the eye, and then 5 minutes later while still in this position. While maintaining this position, the fluid filled bladder of the OPE was then placed between the subject’s closed eye and a pillow during simulated sleep. The IOP was continuously estimated in this position for 5 minutes. The subjects then had the IOP measured in both eyes in an upright-seated position. The second protocol determined if a larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio was more common on the side that patients reported they preferred to sleep on. The hypothesis was that chronic asymmetric, compression induced, elevations of IOP during sleep would be associated with otherwise unexplained asymmetry of the vertical cup-to-disc ratio. The third protocol assessed the IOP during DOM. The OPE was used to characterize the IOP produced during the DOM maneuver of five glaucoma surgeons. After this, 90 mmHg was chosen as a target pressure for DOM. The surgeons were then verbally coached

  4. New nanomicelle curcumin formulation for ocular delivery: improved stability, solubility, and ocular anti-inflammatory treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Mengshuang; Xin, Meng; Guo, Chuanlong; Lin, Guiming; Wu, Xianggen

    2017-11-01

    A stable topical ophthalmic curcumin formulation with high solubility, stability, and efficacy is needed for pharmaceutical use in clinics. The objective of this article was to describe a novel curcumin containing a nanomicelle formulation using a polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (PVCL-PVA-PEG) graft copolymer. Nanomicelle curcumin was formulated and optimized and then further evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity/in vivo ocular irritation, in vitro cellular uptake/in vivo corneal permeation, and in vitro antioxidant activity/in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy. The solubility, chemical stability, and antioxidant activity were greatly improved after the encapsulation of the PVCL-PVA-PEG nanomicelles. The nanomicelle curcumin ophthalmic solution was simple to prepare and the nanomicelles are stable to the storage conditions, and it had good cellular tolerance. Nanomicelle curcumin also had excellent ocular tolerance in rabbits. The use of nanomicelles significantly improved in vitro cellular uptake and in vivo corneal permeation as well as improved anti-inflammatory efficacy when compared with a free curcumin solution. These findings indicate that nanomicelles could be promising topical delivery systems for the ocular administration of curcumin.

  5. Ocular manifestations of graft-versus-host disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nassar, Amr; Tabbara, Khalid F.; Aljurf, Mahmoud

    2013-01-01

    Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has evolved over the past two decades to become the standard of care for hematologic and lymphoid malignancies. Major ocular complications after allogeneic HSCT have been increasing in number and severity. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of ocular morbidity after allogeneic HSCT. The main objective of this review is to elucidate the ocular complications in patients developing GVHD following HSCT. Ocular complications secondary to GVHD are common and include dry eye syndrome, acquisition of ocular allergy from donors with allergic disorders. Eyelid changes may occur in GVHD leading to scleroderma-like changes. Patients may develop poliosis, madarosis, vitiligo, lagophthalmos, and entropion. The cornea may show filamentary keratitis, superficial punctate keratitis, corneal ulcers, and peripheral corneal melting which may lead to perforation in severe cases. Scleritis may also occur which can be anterior or posterior. Keratoconjunctivis sicca appears to be the most common presentation of GVHD. The lacrimal glands may be involved with mononuclear cell infiltration of both the major and accessory lacrimal glands and decrease in tear production. Severe dry eye syndrome in patients with GVHD may develop conjunctival scarring, keratinization, and cicatrization of the conjunctiva. Therapy of GVHD includes systemic immunosuppression and local therapy. Surgical treatment in refractory cases includes surgical intervention to improve the manifestation of GVHD of the eye. This may include tarsorrhapy, prose lenses, punctal occlusions and corneal transplantation. PMID:24227989

  6. Ocular and multicentric T-cell lymphoma in horse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana C. Oliveira

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Oliveira M.C., Faleiro R.D., Santos C.C.A., Oliveira G.F., Daoualibi Y., Sonne L., Brito M.F. & Ubiali D.G. [Ocular and multicentric T-cell lymphoma in horse.] Linfoma de células T multicêntrico e ocular em equino. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(Supl.2:147-151, 2016. Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Departamento Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: danielubiali@hotmail.com A 10-year-old gelding, mixed breed had body score condition 3 (1-10, with reluctance to move due to the loss of visual acuity in both eyes, right eye swelling and marked dyspnea. The ophthalmic examination showed no response to threat of reflection, objects test or direct reflection and consensus of both eyes. Examination with visor magnifier and Finoff transilluminator revealed buftalmia, hyphema, aqueous flare, corneal neovascularization and posterior synechiae with irregular bulging of the iris in the right eye and aqueous flare, central anterior synechiae and mature cataract in the left eye. It was found corneal integrity in both eyes with the fluorescein test. Urine sample submitted for PCR to Leptospira sp. resulted negative. Euthanasia was performed after unsuccessful treatment attempts. At necropsy there was a mass in the right eyeball, the pleural surface of the diaphragm and the mesentery. There was multifocal to coalescing whitish nodules between 1 and 4 cm in diameter in the lung, filling about 80% of the lungs’ surface, mainly in the ventral region. Morphology of masses was histopathologically compatible with lymphoma. Anti-CD3 antibody resulted positive in all samples analyzed characterizing immunophenotypic T-cell lymphoma.

  7. Pattern of Ocular Diseases among Computer users in Enugu, Nigeria

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    7 subjects (1.3%) had monocular blindness with VA<3/60. 37 (3.3%) subjects had low vision with VA < 6/18-3/60. Conclusion: Most of the subjects were young people. Ocular disorders were encountered in computer users. Ocular health status of computer users can be improved through periodic ocular examination and ...

  8. Pattern of ocular trauma among primary school pupils in Ilorin, Nigeria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ayanniyi, A A; Mahmoud, O A; Olatunji, F O; Ayanniyi, R O

    2009-06-01

    To report the pattern of ocular trauma among school pupils in Ilorin, Nigeria, a cross sectional survey of primary school children in 10 randomly selected primary schools within Ilorin, Nigeria was carried out between July 2005 and January 2006. Relevant ocular history and basic ocular examinations were carried out on the children that were selected from a multi-stage sampling process. Diagnosis of ocular trauma was based on historical recollection together with corroborating ocular signs among affected pupils. Ocular trauma was found among 11 (8 boys and 3 girls) out of 1393 (0.8%) pupils and their ages ranged from 5 to 13 years. The trauma related ocular pathology found among the 11 pupils included unilateral phthisis bulbi (2, 0.14%), couching (1, 0.07%) and retinal detachment (1, 0.07%) all leading to blindness in the affected eyes. There was also a unilateral visual impairment caused by traumatic optic atrophy. Others included eyelid bruises (2, 0.14%) and one pupil (0.07%) each with hyphema, eyelid ecchymosis, eyelid laceration, and subconjunctival haemorrhage. The ocular trauma occurred following unsupervised play (4, 36.40%), corporal punishment at school and at home (3, 27.30%), fight (2, 18.20%), home accident (1, 9.10%) and couching (1, 9.10%). School pupils can lose vision to preventable traumatic eye injuries both at school and at home. Measures to minimize ocular trauma both in the home and at school are advocated.

  9. Prevalence of ocular morbidity in rural population of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anupama Kumar

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Background: Ocular morbidity is a significant problem in rural areas of India as it remains undiagnosed and neglected. Aims & Objectives:  To determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity in the rural population of Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the villages around RHTC Satrikh of HIMS Barabanki. Ocular examination and vision testing was done among 812 people using ophthalmoscopic instruments. Information was collected using pre-tested questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS and appropriate Statistical tests. Results: Of the total 812 individuals interviewed, the prevalence of ocular morbidity was 41.3% (335 subjects had one or more ocular morbidity; with 88.8% elderly affected (age >65 years.   Myopia was the most common ocular morbidity 14.8%, followed by cataract (14.3% and hypermetropia (12.8%.  Allergic and infective conjunctivitis affected 5.8% and 3.9%, respectively.  The prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency disorder (including night blindness and bitot spots was 1.3%.  Higher ocular morbidity was present in houses with higher SES. Environmental conditions had no significant relation to ocular morbidity.  Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular diseases among the elderly was highest and requires prompt attention.  Myopia was the most common ocular morbidity having a prevalence of 14.8%, followed by cataract (14.3% and hypermetropia (12.8%.

  10. Ocular Motor Score (OMS): a clinical tool to evaluating ocular motor functions in children. Intrarater and inter-rater agreement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olsson, Monica; Teär Fahnehjelm, Kristina; Rydberg, Agneta; Ygge, Jan

    2015-08-01

    Ocular motor score (OMS) is a new clinical test protocol for evaluating ocular motor functions in children and young adults. OMS is a set of 15 important and relevant non-invasive ocular motor function parameters derived from clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate OMS according to intrarater and inter-rater agreement. Forty children aged 4-10 years, 23 girls median age 6.5 (range 4.3-9.3) and 17 boys median age 5.8 (range 4.1-9.8) were included. The ocular motor functions were assessed and scored according to the OMS protocol. The examinations were videotaped. To obtain the intrarater agreement, the first author examined and scored the children twice, first in the clinic and 2 weeks later by watching the videotape. To obtain the inter-rater agreement, three other raters independently scored the ocular motor function of the children by watching the videotapes. The overall observed intrarater agreement was 88%, and the observed inter-rater agreement between the three raters was 80%. For none of the subtests was there an observed intrarater agreement lower than 65%. Three of the subtests had an observed inter-rater agreement of 65% or below. Overall there was high observed intra- and inter-rater agreement for the OMS test protocol. Subtests such as saccades and smooth pursuit were more difficult for raters to score similarly according the clinical OMS test protocol. © 2015 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. An uncommon case of noninvasive ocular surface squamous ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    We describe a rare case of noninvasive OSSN involving the entire cornea in a human immunodeficiency virus‑negative patient. The patient was successfully treated with no recurrence, after intact surgical removal, mitomycin C treatment, and cryotherapy. Keywords: Noninvasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia, ocular ...

  12. Comparação da análise da frente de onda e da sensibilidade ao contraste em olhos pseudofácicos com implante de lentes intra-oculares esférica e asférica Wavefront analysis and contrast sensitivity comparison between spheric and aspheric intraocular lenses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Takashi Hida

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar a análise da frente de onda e a sensibilidade de contraste pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação com implante de lentes intra-oculares esféricas num olho e asféricas no olho contralateral. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo comparativo, randomizado, duplo-cego, incluiu 32 olhos de 16 pacientes. Uma avaliação oftalmológica completa foi realizada durante as visitas antes e depois da cirurgia (no primeiro, terceiro, sétimo, e nonagésimo dias pós-cirúrgicos, que incluiu acuidade visual, teste de sensibilidade ao contraste, aberrometria. Todos exames (menos aberrometr=ia foram feitos monocularmente com pupilas não dilatadas. Os pacientes foram submetidos a facectomia ultra-sônica convencional com implante de uma lente asférica SN60WF num olho e esférica SN60ATno outro. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual média com a melhor correção foi -0,146 LogMAR no grupo da lente intra-ocular esférica, e -0.165 logMAR no grupo da lente intra-ocular asférica sob condições fotópicas, -0,003 LogMAR sob condições mesópicas. A sensibilidade ao contraste foi semelhante em ambos os grupos tanto em condições fotópicas e mesópicas. Em relação às aberrações ópticas ocorreu uma diferença significativa nas aberrações totais (1,09 ± 0,56 no grupo asférico e 1,52 ± 1,19 no grupo esférico e no componente esférico das aberrações de alta ordem(0,422 ± 0,202 no grupo asférico e 0,124 ± 0,087 no grupo esférico. CONCLUSÃO: As duas lentes intra-oculares promoveram uma excelente visão em situações de alto contraste, e os olhos implantados com a lente asférica tiveram menos aberrações totais e esféricas que aqueles implantados com a lente esférica.PURPOSE: Compare the wavefront and contrast sensitivity of bilateral pseudophakic patients with aspheric in one eye and spheric intraocular lenses in the other. METHODS: This prospective, comparative, randomized study, double masked, included 32

  13. Cariometria aplicada a avaliaçao da anaplasia em tumores ependimários

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Antonio de Padua Gomes da

    1987-01-01

    Resumo: Foram realizadas 1.500 medições de volumes de núcleos, através de cariometria com ocular micrométrica simples, para comparação entre células ependimárias normais e neoplásicas, determinando-se, matematicamente, o aumento de volume que existe quando a célula normal se dediferencia em célula neoplásica.

  14. Crash and Burn: Ocular Injuries due to Fireworks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patel, Ravija; Mukherjee, Bipasha

    2016-01-01

    To identify the patterns of ocular injury and to determine ocular morbidity resulting from the use of firecrackers. A prospective observational study of all patients presenting with ocular trauma consequent to fireworks usage in a tertiary eye care center in South India over a one-month period around the autumn festival of Diwali. We also reviewed the published literature from around the world reporting ocular injuries due to firecrackers. 49 patients were included in the study, out of which the vast majority (40/81%) were males. The mean age was 17 years. Almost an equal number of bystanders (24/48.9%) was affected as compared to people handling the fireworks (25/51%). 13 (26.53%) patients had open-globe injury whereas 33 (67.34%) patients had closed-globe injury. Twenty-two (44.8%) patients underwent surgical intervention. Eighteen (36.7%) patients had final vision less then 20/40 (range = 20/50 to No Perception of Light) with eight patients having no perception of light in the affected eye. Unregulated use of firecrackers can lead to significant ocular morbidity, mainly involving children, young males, and even innocent bystanders. A combination of public awareness and appropriate legislative laws should be formulated regarding the use of fireworks to decrease the load of needless blindness on society.

  15. Ocular Surface Temperature in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Sodi

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. The aim of this study is to investigate the ocular thermographic profiles in age-related macular degeneration (AMD eyes and age-matched controls to detect possible hemodynamic abnormalities, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods. 32 eyes with early AMD, 37 eyes with atrophic AMD, 30 eyes affected by untreated neovascular AMD, and 43 eyes with fibrotic AMD were included. The control group consisted of 44 healthy eyes. Exclusion criteria were represented by any other ocular diseases other than AMD, tear film abnormalities, systemic cardiovascular abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, and a body temperature higher than 37.5°C. A total of 186 eyes without pupil dilation were investigated by infrared thermography (FLIR A320. The ocular surface temperature (OST of three ocular points was calculated by means of an image processing technique from the infrared images. Two-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA test were used for statistical analyses. Results. ANOVA analyses showed no significant differences among AMD groups (P value >0.272. OST in AMD patients was significantly lower than in controls (P>0.05. Conclusions. Considering the possible relationship between ocular blood flow and OST, these findings might support the central role of ischemia in the pathogenesis of AMD.

  16. Uso profilático de Mitomicina C para inibir a formação de 'haze' após ceratectomia fotorrefrativa em miopias altas resultados após dois anos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Ricardo Pereira de Oliveira

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da aplicação profilática da Mitomicina C para inibir a formação de opacidade corneana em ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK em pacientes com miopia alta. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, longitudinal que compreendeu 59 olhos (30 pacientes que realizaram cirurgia de PRK com aplicação de Mitomicina C entre janeiro e março de 2008. Os critérios de inclusão dos pacientes foram: equivalente esférico maior do que -4,00 dioptrias, espessura corneana maior do que 480 µm, ausência de cirurgia prévia, de trauma ocular e de enfermidades oculares e sistêmicas. Após realização do PRK, os olhos foram tratados com micro esponja embebida com MMC 0.02% por 20 segundos sobre a área da ablação. Foram realizadas medidas de refração, acuidade visual sem correção, acuidade visual corrigida e observação da opacidade corneana através da lâmpada de fenda nos dois anos de seguimento. RESULTADOS: No pós-operatório, não foram observados efeitos adversos imediatos ou tardios da MMC. Não foi observada opacidade corneana em nenhum olho após dois anos do ato cirúrgico. Em um olho foi observada opacidade grau 2,0 do terceiro até o sexto mês de seguimento. Nos demais olhos, não houve opacidade maior do que 1,0. A acuidade visual não corrigida foi de 20/40 ou melhor em 96,91% dos olhos e de 20/20 em 81,35% dos olhos. A acuidade visual corrigida manteve-se em 57 olhos e houve ganho de uma linha em 2 olhos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso profilático da Mitomicina C a 0,02% após PRK pareceu mostrar-se eficaz na redução de formação de opacidade ocular.

  17. Headaches with ocular localization and involvement Cefaleas de localización y compromiso oculares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Lucía Muñoz Cardona

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available The most frequent primary headaches, including migraine variants, and intrinsic optic nerve disorders that produce headache, are reviewed. The latter are often accompanied by autonomic nervous system alterations which lead to vasomotor changes, frequently present in neuralgic processes known as headaches with disautonomic involvement. Epidemiological, semiological, clinical, and therapeutical aspects of different cranial, facial and ocular diseases that produce headache are included. Some physiopathological elements that may help to analyze painful craniofacial processes are discussed. Secondary headaches and common facial neuralgias, on the other hand, are also considered because they may confuse the differential diagnosis. Se revisan las cefaleas primarias más frecuentes que comprometen las estructuras oculares y vecinas al globo ocular, las variantes de la migraña y las alteraciones propias del nervio óptico que alteran la función visual y que se acompañan no solamente de síntomas dolorosos sino también de trastornos vasomotores debidos a alteraciones del sistema nervioso autónomo que suelen ser comunes en algunos procesos neurálgicos llamados ahora cefaleas con compromiso disautonómico. En este artículo se comentan los elementos epidemiológicos de las diferentes enfermedades craneales, faciales y oculares que cursan con cefalea; las diferencias clínicas entre las mismas y su presentación semiológica, al igual que algunos elementos terapéuticos. Se discuten además algunos elementos fisiopatológicos de gran utilidad en el análisis de los procesos dolorosos craneofaciales y el perfil temporal de los mismos; también se comentan algunas cefaleas secundarias que comparten con las primarias elementos que se prestan a confusión en la clínica. Finalmente, se hace un análisis de las neuralgias faciales comunes.

  18. Ocular Injury in Cosmetic Laser Treatments of the Face.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Amy; Phillips, Arianna; Adar, Tony; Hui, Andrea

    2018-02-01

    BACKGROUND: The eye is a vulnerable and commonly injured organ in cosmetic laser procedures of the face. Treatment of the eyelids and periorbital areas increases this risk, especially when ocular protection devices are not used or are removed during the procedure. A study has shown that injury from laser epilation of the periocular areas is one of the most common causes of litigation in cutaneous laser surgery. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review is to determine the causes of ocular injury in cosmetic laser procedures and derive lessons on critical safety elements to prevent future injury. METHODS: We conducted a review of the current literature through a PubMed search on case reports of ocular injury in cosmetic laser treatments of the face. Twenty-one cases are examined. RESULTS: In more than 62 percent of cases, ocular protection was not used or protection was used but removed during the procedure to treat areas close to the eye. However, despite the proper use of intraocular corneal shields and wavelength-specific goggles, accidents occurred in 33 percent of cases. CONCLUSION: Ocular protection devices are essential to prevent most cases of laser-induced eye injury. Use of high fluence and long wavelength lasers increases the risk of ocular injury due to deeper penetration of the organ by radiation. Inadequate cooling between pulses also predisposes to injury by cosmetic lasers.

  19. Space Flight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Andrew G; Mader, Thomas H; Gibson, C Robert; Tarver, William

    2017-09-01

    New and unique physiologic and pathologic systemic and neuro-ocular responses have been documented in astronauts during and after long-duration space flight. Although the precise cause remains unknown, space flight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) has been adopted as an appropriate descriptive term. The Space Medicine Operations Division of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has documented the variable occurrence of SANS in astronauts returning from long-duration space flight on the International Space Station. These clinical findings have included unilateral and bilateral optic disc edema, globe flattening, choroidal and retinal folds, hyperopic refractive error shifts, and nerve fiber layer infarcts. The clinical findings of SANS have been correlated with structural changes on intraorbital and intracranial magnetic resonance imaging and in-flight and terrestrial ultrasonographic studies and ocular optical coherence tomography. Further study of SANS is ongoing for consideration of future manned missions to space, including a return trip to the moon or Mars.

  20. INCIDENCE OF OCULAR TRAUMA IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN VISAKHAPATNAM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Venkata Madusudanarao Kanukollu

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable ocular blindness in the world. The present available data represents the tip of iceberg. The data pertaining to ocular trauma is just hospital based data which does not accurately represent the population at risk. The ocular morbidity may be disproportionate to the severity of injury. Though eyes represent only 0.21% of body surface area and 4% of facial area, they are the third most common trauma exposed areas after hands and feet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study group consisted of 341 patients who attended ophthalmology OPD with history of ocular trauma of whom 221 were males and 121 were females. The study was conducted over a period of one year. A complete anterior and posterior segment evaluation of all the patients was done. Other accessory ocular and systemic investigations wherever essential were done. RESULTS The ocular trauma was more common in males (64.52% predominantly affecting patients of 20-40 years age group (36.07%. Most often the injuries were occupation related (73.90% and the most common work related injury observed was extraocular foreign body in 134 patients (39.29%. Closed globe injuries were more common as compared to open globe injuries. Eyes with better visual acuity at presentation had better visual prognosis. Blinding trauma was observed in 29 patients (8.50%. CONCLUSION Ocular injuries are more commonly occupation related and mostly effect young males who are the main work force of our society. Stringent implementation of preventive norms in industries to all the workers and safety precautions during sports, driving need to be enforced.

  1. Membrana amniótica como alternativa de tratamiento en superficie ocular Amniotic membrane as a therapeutic option for the ocular surface

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keyly Fernández García

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de conocer la utilidad de la membrana amniótica como alternativa de tratamiento en la superficie ocular. Son abordados tópicos como las diferentes formas de obtención, preparación y conservación de la misma, sus mecanismos de acción y aplicaciones. Se consultó una bibliografía que abarca un periodo de varios años para conocer los resultados publicados sobre el trasplante de membrana amniótica humana en la superficie ocular.A literature review was made to learn about the usefulness of the amniotic membrane as a therapeutic option for the ocular surface. The different ways for obtaining, preparing, and conserving this membrane, its mechanism of action and its applications were also addressed. Literature covering several years was reviewed in order to be acquainted with the published results of the human amniotic membrane transplantation on the ocular surface.

  2. Clusterin Seals the Ocular Surface Barrier in Mouse Dry Eye.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bauskar, Aditi; Mack, Wendy J; Mauris, Jerome; Argüeso, Pablo; Heur, Martin; Nagel, Barbara A; Kolar, Grant R; Gleave, Martin E; Nakamura, Takahiro; Kinoshita, Shigeru; Moradian-Oldak, Janet; Panjwani, Noorjahan; Pflugfelder, Stephen C; Wilson, Mark R; Fini, M Elizabeth; Jeong, Shinwu

    2015-01-01

    Dry eye is a common disorder caused by inadequate hydration of the ocular surface that results in disruption of barrier function. The homeostatic protein clusterin (CLU) is prominent at fluid-tissue interfaces throughout the body. CLU levels are reduced at the ocular surface in human inflammatory disorders that manifest as severe dry eye, as well as in a preclinical mouse model for desiccating stress that mimics dry eye. Using this mouse model, we show here that CLU prevents and ameliorates ocular surface barrier disruption by a remarkable sealing mechanism dependent on attainment of a critical all-or-none concentration. When the CLU level drops below the critical all-or-none threshold, the barrier becomes vulnerable to desiccating stress. CLU binds selectively to the ocular surface subjected to desiccating stress in vivo, and in vitro to the galectin LGALS3, a key barrier component. Positioned in this way, CLU not only physically seals the ocular surface barrier, but it also protects the barrier cells and prevents further damage to barrier structure. These findings define a fundamentally new mechanism for ocular surface protection and suggest CLU as a biotherapeutic for dry eye.

  3. Clusterin Seals the Ocular Surface Barrier in Mouse Dry Eye.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aditi Bauskar

    Full Text Available Dry eye is a common disorder caused by inadequate hydration of the ocular surface that results in disruption of barrier function. The homeostatic protein clusterin (CLU is prominent at fluid-tissue interfaces throughout the body. CLU levels are reduced at the ocular surface in human inflammatory disorders that manifest as severe dry eye, as well as in a preclinical mouse model for desiccating stress that mimics dry eye. Using this mouse model, we show here that CLU prevents and ameliorates ocular surface barrier disruption by a remarkable sealing mechanism dependent on attainment of a critical all-or-none concentration. When the CLU level drops below the critical all-or-none threshold, the barrier becomes vulnerable to desiccating stress. CLU binds selectively to the ocular surface subjected to desiccating stress in vivo, and in vitro to the galectin LGALS3, a key barrier component. Positioned in this way, CLU not only physically seals the ocular surface barrier, but it also protects the barrier cells and prevents further damage to barrier structure. These findings define a fundamentally new mechanism for ocular surface protection and suggest CLU as a biotherapeutic for dry eye.

  4. Prognostic analysis of 216 cases with penetrating ocular injury

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yong Guo

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To analyze the factors of penetrating ocular injury, and to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 216 ocular trauma patients(221 eyes, in our hospital from November 2009 to November 2011, was completed. RESULTS: The eyeball atrophy inevitably occurred in 13 eye wounds more than 30mm. Retinal prolapse of the eyes, 78%(35/45completed vitrectomy, 33%(15/45were eyeball atrophy. The 51%(20/39of subchoroidal hemorrhage eyes were eyeball atrophy. Retinal prolapse and subchoroidal hemorrhage increased the risk of ocular atrophy(PPCONCLUSION: Serious ocular trauma prognosis related to many factors. The retina prolapse and the subchoroidal hemorrhage were important prognosis testify. A scleral buckling condensation surgery and vitrectomy have a therapeutic effect, and can improve visual function.

  5. Peaks and troughs of three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex in humans

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Goumans, J.; Houben, M.M.J.; Dits, J.; Steen, J. van der

    2010-01-01

    The three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex (3D VOR) ideally generates compensatory ocular rotations not only with a magnitude equal and opposite to the head rotation but also about an axis that is collinear with the head rotation axis. Vestibulo-ocular responses only partially fulfill this ideal

  6. Ocular brachytherapy with a holmium-166 irradiator device

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mourao, Arnaldo P.; Campos, Tarcisio P.R.

    2009-01-01

    The ocular brachytherapy is a method that allows controlling ocular tumors. However, the irradiation of the ocular area in high doses can bring damages mainly to the surrounding healthy tissue, such as lens, retina and bone tissue of the orbital area in growth phase. Brachytherapy in comparison to teletherapy allows a large reduction of the absorbed doses in the adjacent tissues avoiding deleterious effects. Various types of radionuclides can be applied to ocular brachytherapy. Those radionuclides shall be encapsulated and placed juxtaposed to the sclera, back to the tumor. Herein, a new device was developed to encapsulate the radioactive material. It can easily place back of the eyeball. A computational model of the ocular area was developed in order to simulate the spatial dose distribution promoted by the holmium-166 nuclide distributed inside the irradiator device. The simulations addressed a device placed on the surface of the sclera, rotated 90 deg taken at the normal axis forward to the lens. The simulation was carried on the code Monte Carlo MCNP5. The computational simulation generates the spatial dose distribution in the treated volume. All continuous beta and the discrete gamma and X-ray spectra emitted by the holmium-166 were incorporated on simulations. The results allow comparing the space dose distribution to other types of sources used for the same end. The sclera absorbed dose, the maximum apical tumor dose, as well as on the tumor base were investigated. Indeed, the tumor thickness defines the conditions of irradiation. The holmium-166 dose distribution provides a tool to propose a better and optimized protocol for ocular brachytherapy. (author)

  7. Ocular brachytherapy with a holmium-166 irradiator device

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mourao, Arnaldo P. [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnoloica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Nucleo de Engenharia Hospitalar], e-mail: aprata@des.cefetmg.br; Campos, Tarcisio P.R. [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias e Tecnicas Nucleares], e-mail: campos@nuclear.ufmg.br

    2009-07-01

    The ocular brachytherapy is a method that allows controlling ocular tumors. However, the irradiation of the ocular area in high doses can bring damages mainly to the surrounding healthy tissue, such as lens, retina and bone tissue of the orbital area in growth phase. Brachytherapy in comparison to teletherapy allows a large reduction of the absorbed doses in the adjacent tissues avoiding deleterious effects. Various types of radionuclides can be applied to ocular brachytherapy. Those radionuclides shall be encapsulated and placed juxtaposed to the sclera, back to the tumor. Herein, a new device was developed to encapsulate the radioactive material. It can easily place back of the eyeball. A computational model of the ocular area was developed in order to simulate the spatial dose distribution promoted by the holmium-166 nuclide distributed inside the irradiator device. The simulations addressed a device placed on the surface of the sclera, rotated 90 deg taken at the normal axis forward to the lens. The simulation was carried on the code Monte Carlo MCNP5. The computational simulation generates the spatial dose distribution in the treated volume. All continuous beta and the discrete gamma and X-ray spectra emitted by the holmium-166 were incorporated on simulations. The results allow comparing the space dose distribution to other types of sources used for the same end. The sclera absorbed dose, the maximum apical tumor dose, as well as on the tumor base were investigated. Indeed, the tumor thickness defines the conditions of irradiation. The holmium-166 dose distribution provides a tool to propose a better and optimized protocol for ocular brachytherapy. (author)

  8. Influência da redução medicamentosa da pressão intra-ocular na medida da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina de olhos hipertensos e glaucomatosos pela polarimetria de varredura a laser The influence of intraocular pressure reduction with medication on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements obtained with scanning laser polarimetry in glaucomatous and hypertensive eyes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Rezende Gomes Avelino

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da redução da pressão intra-ocular (PIO obtido com o uso de terapia medicamentosa na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina medida pela polarimetria de varredura a laser (PVL em pacientes glaucomatosos ou hipertensos oculares. MÉTODOS: Trinta e sete olhos de 37 pacientes foram prospectivamente incluídos no estudo e avaliados com a PVL sem uso de medicação ocular hipotensora e num período entre 15 e 30 dias após a instituição de medicação ocular hipotensora, que resultou em redução da PIO de pelo menos 25%. Os parâmetros medidos pela PVL antes e após a redução da PIO foram comparados com o teste t de Student pareado. RESULTADOS: A PIO média dos 37 pacientes diminuiu significativamente de 26,57±4,23 mmHg para 16,54±2,92 mmHg (p0,05. CONCLUSÃO: A redução da PIO com o uso de medicação ocular hipotensora não altera a medida da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina pela PVL em pacientes com glaucoma ou hipertensão ocular.PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as measured by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP after the use of medication to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP in glaucomatous or ocular hypertensive patients. METHODS: The authors prospectively enrolled 37 eyes of 37 patients in whom IOP was reduced by more than 25% after the use of medication. The images were obtained before and 15 to 30 days after the introduction of medication. The SLP parameters measured before and after the use of medication were compared using paired Student's t Test. RESULTS: The mean IOP was significantly reduced from 26.57±4.23 mmHg to 16.54 ±2.92 mmHg after the use of medication (p0.05. CONCLUSION: The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, as measured by SLP, is not affected by the reduction of IOP with medication in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

  9. Characteristics of ocular pain complaints in patients with idiopathic dry eye symptoms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalangara, Jerry P.; Galor, Anat; Levitt, Roy C.; Covington, Derek B.; McManus, Katherine T.; Sarantopoulos, Constantine D.; Felix, Elizabeth R.

    2016-01-01

    Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the severity and quality of ocular pain complaints in patients with dry eye symptoms. Methods Subjects with clinically-relevant dry eye symptoms (dryness, discomfort, tearing) of unknown origin seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic were administered questionnaires for dry eye symptoms and ocular pain and underwent a standardized ocular examination. Qualities and severity ratings of ocular pain in subjects with idiopathic dry eye were compared to similar measures from published data in other chronic pain populations. Results The study sample consisted of 154 subjects, of which 91% were male and ranged in age from 27 to 89 (mean age = 61). Fifty-three percent of participants reported an average ocular pain of at least moderate intensity (numerical rating scale (NRS) ≥ 4), with specific characteristics (i.e., “burning” spontaneous pain) reported at frequencies comparable to prevalent chronic neuropathic pain syndromes as reported in the literature. Significant correlations were found between ocular pain metrics and dry eye symptom severity scores (r=0.57 to 0.66). Dry eye signs, however, did not generally correlate with ocular pain severity. Conclusions A significant proportion of subjects with idiopathic dry eye symptoms reported moderate or greater ocular pain intensity, with the majority endorsing descriptors commonly used by patients with non-ocular neuropathic pain conditions. Identifying sub-groups of dry eye patients based on the presence and characteristics of ocular pain complaints may improve dry eye sub classification and better individualize treatment strategies. PMID:26925537

  10. Low vision rehabilitation and ocular problems among industrial workers in a developing country.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Omar, R; Knight, V F; Aziz Mohammed, M A

    2014-01-01

    Work-related ocular injuries and illnesses were among the major causes of job absenteeism. This study was conducted to determine if low vision rehabilitation was provided following work-related ocular problems among industrial workers in a developing country. This was a retrospective analysis of case records. Randomly selected records of all employees from the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) Medical Board for 2004 who suffered from ocular injuries and illnesses were selected. Rates of ocular injuries and illnesses according to age, gender, races, types of injuries, types of industries, visual rehabilitation and types of medical interventions were tabulated and analysed. A total of 26 cases of ocular injuries and illnesses were identified where 46.2% suffered from ocular injuries. The remaining 53.8% had ocular and/or systemic diseases. The 40-49-yearold age group suffered the greatest number of injuries (26.92%). Ocular perforating injuries (66.67%) and ocular contusions (33.33%) were the most common types of ocular injury among industrial workers in Kuala Lumpur. Most injuries occurred among workers in the service industry (50%). Almost 60% of these injured workers did not receive any low vision rehabilitation after medical intervention while 25% were given contact lenses or spectacles as rehabilitation and remaining had surgery. The low vision rehabilitation is still unexplored in the management of ocular injuries and illnesses among industrial workers. Introducing low vision rehabilitation can benefit both workers and employers as it provides care beyond spectacles or contact lens prescriptions.

  11. Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features, pathology and management

    Science.gov (United States)

    Butler, Nicholas J; Furtado, João M; Winthrop, Kevin L; Smith, Justine R

    2014-01-01

    The term, ocular toxoplasmosis, refers to eye disease related to infection with the parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Recurrent posterior uveitis is the typical form of this disease, characterized by unilateral, necrotizing retinitis with secondary choroiditis, occurring adjacent to a pigmented retinochoroidal scar and associated with retinal vasculitis and vitritis. Multiple atypical presentations are also described, and severe inflammation is observed in immunocompromised patients. Histopathological correlations demonstrate focal coagulative retinal necrosis, and early in the course of the disease, this inflammation is based in the inner retina. For typical ocular toxoplasmosis, a diagnosis is easily made on clinical examination. In atypical cases, ocular fluid testing to detect parasite DNA by polymerase chain reaction or to determine intraocular production of specific antibody may be extremely helpful for establishing aetiology. Given the high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in most communities, serological testing for T. gondii antibodies is generally not useful. Despite a lack of published evidence for effectiveness of current therapies, most ophthalmologists elect to treat patients with ocular toxoplasmosis that reduces or threatens to impact vision. Classic therapy consists of oral pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, plus systemic corticosteroid. Substantial toxicity of this drug combination has spurred interest in alternative antimicrobials, as well as local forms of drug delivery. At this time, however, no therapeutic approach is curative of ocular toxoplasmosis. PMID:22712598

  12. Ocular Problems of the Aging Military Aviator

    Science.gov (United States)

    2000-08-01

    neuropathy 3 these ocular conditions seen in the older aviator and on Ocular trauma/angle recession 3 his flight status? Branch retinal vein occlusion 2...bifocals, Nutritional amblyopia (RPW) 1 trifocals, double segs, newer progressive lenses, contact Fuch’s heterochromic iridocyclitis 1 lenses, and...In the Surveillance Only part of the program no drug therapy is DISCUSSION: Under present FAA regulations, the used but the flight surgeon must

  13. Ocular Motor Function in Patients with Bilateral Vestibular Weakness

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seyyed Amir Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Patients with bilateral weakness (BW have many difficulties in gaze stability that interfere with their normal function. The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular motor functions in patients with BW to better understand the problem of gaze instability in these patients.   Materials and Methods: Patients were referred from the Otolaryngology Department for Vestibular Assessment to our clinic between November 2014 and March 2015. We assessed ocular motor function (gaze, saccade, and smooth pursuit in patients over the age of 18 years with BW, as verified by a caloric test.   Results: Seventy-eight patients completed all the tests. The mean age of patients was 51.9 (±15.9 years, and 47 (60% were female. Abnormal results were found in five (6.4%, 32 (41%, and seven (9% patients with respect to gaze, smooth pursuit, and saccade, respectively. There were positive but relatively weak relationships between age and ocular motor results.   Conclusion:  Patients with BW suffer from dizziness and unsteadiness. These patients have abnormal function in ocular motor (especially smooth pursuit tests. The ocular motor dysfunction is responsible for gaze instability in static positions such as standing.

  14. First report of canine ocular thelaziosis in the Muntenia Region, Romania.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tudor, Poliana; Bădicu, Adina; Mateescu, Romaniţa; Tudor, Niculae; Mateescu, Cosmin; Ionaşcu, Iuliana

    2016-04-01

    Ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda is a vector-borne disease that infects domestic and wild carnivores as well as humans. In this paper, we present two cases of ocular thelaziosis in dogs that had never traveled outside Romania. Both presented with moderate conjunctivitis and ocular discharge. In total, 41 adult nematodes were removed from the conjunctival sacs of both dogs; these were identified via morphology as T. callipaeda. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of canine ocular thelaziosis caused by T. callipaeda from the Muntenia Region of Romania.

  15. Estudo laboratorial das micoses oculares e fatores associados às ceratites

    OpenAIRE

    Höfling-Lima,Ana Luisa; Forseto,Adriana; Duprat,João Paulo; Andrade,Alfredo; Souza,Luciene Barbosa de; Godoy,Patrício; Freitas,Denise de

    2005-01-01

    OBJETIVO: Analisar a freqüência e a etiologia das doenças oculares micóticas diagnosticadas por cultura no Laboratório de Doenças Externas Oculares da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (LOFT-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil e os fatores associados às ceratites fúngicas. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 14.391 solicitações de exames laboratoriais de doenças infecciosas oculares no período compreendido entre 1975 e maio de 2003. Nas comprovações por cultura de micoses oculares foram observados o...

  16. Infection and Replication of Influenza Virus at the Ocular Surface.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Creager, Hannah M; Kumar, Amrita; Zeng, Hui; Maines, Taronna R; Tumpey, Terrence M; Belser, Jessica A

    2018-04-01

    Although influenza viruses typically cause respiratory tract disease, some viruses, particularly those with an H7 hemagglutinin, have been isolated from the eyes of conjunctivitis cases. Previous work has shown that isolates of multiple subtypes from both ocular and respiratory infections are capable of replication in human ex vivo ocular tissues and corneal or conjunctival cell monolayers, leaving the determinants of ocular tropism unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of several variables on tropism for ocular cells cultured in vitro and examined the potential effect of the tear film on viral infectivity. All viruses tested were able to replicate in primary human corneal epithelial cell monolayers subjected to aerosol inoculation. The temperature at which cells were cultured postinoculation minimally affected infectivity. Replication efficiency, in contrast, was reduced at 33°C relative to that at 37°C, and this effect was slightly greater for the conjunctivitis isolates than for the respiratory ones. With the exception of a seasonal H3N2 virus, the subset of viruses studied in multilayer corneal tissue constructs also replicated productively after either aerosol or liquid inoculation. Human tears significantly inhibited the hemagglutination of both ocular and nonocular isolates, but the effect on viral infectivity was more variable, with tears reducing the infectivity of nonocular isolates more than ocular isolates. These data suggest that most influenza viruses may be capable of establishing infection if they reach the surface of ocular cells but that this is more likely for ocular-tropic viruses, as they are better able to maintain their infectivity during passage through the tear film. IMPORTANCE The potential spread of zoonotic influenza viruses to humans represents an important threat to public health. Unfortunately, despite the importance of cellular and tissue tropism to pathogenesis, determinants of influenza virus tropism have yet to be fully

  17. Ocular injury in hurling.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Flynn, T H

    2012-02-03

    OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics of ocular injuries sustained in hurling in the south of Ireland and to investigate reasons for non-use of protective headgear and eye wear. METHODS: Retrospective review of the case notes of 310 patients who attended Cork University Hospital or Waterford Regional Hospital between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2002 with ocular injuries sustained during a hurling match. A confidential questionnaire on reasons for non-use of protective headgear and eye wear was completed by 130 players. RESULTS: Hurling related eye injuries occurred most commonly in young men. Fifty two patients (17%) required hospital admission, with hyphaema accounting for 71% of admissions. Ten injuries required intraocular surgical INTERVENTION: retinal detachment repair (5); macular hole surgery (1); repair of partial thickness corneal laceration (1); repair of globe perforation (1); enucleation (1); trabeculectomy for post-traumatic glaucoma (1). Fourteen eyes (4.5%) had a final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <6\\/12 and six (2%) had BCVA <3\\/60. In the survey, 63 players (48.5%) reported wearing no protective facemask while playing hurling. Impairment of vision was the most common reason cited for non-use. CONCLUSIONS: Hurling related injury is a significant, and preventable, cause of ocular morbidity in young men in Ireland. The routine use of appropriate protective headgear and faceguards would result in a dramatic reduction in the incidence and severity of these injuries, and should be mandatory.

  18. Ocular candidiasis: a review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shah, C P; McKey, J; Spirn, M J; Maguire, J

    2008-04-01

    To review the epidemiology, diagnosis and changing treatment paradigm of ocular candidiasis, and report current prevalence rates and risk factors at one inpatient hospital. Retrospective review; systematic literature review. All Wills Eye Institute inpatient ophthalmology consultations from Thomas Jefferson University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed between June 2006 and November 2006. All consultations for candidaemia were included. The outcome variables included chorioretinitis, endophthalmitis, visual symptoms and Candida speciation. The ophthalmic literature was reviewed using PubMed. Keywords included Candida, candidaemia, chorioretinitis, vitritis and endophthalmitis. Bibliographies were manually searched. Three of the 38 consultations for candidaemia (7.9%) had chorioretinitis. There were no cases of vitritis or endophthalmitis. The presence of symptoms, or the inability to articulate symptoms, was significantly associated with risk of ocular candidiasis (p = 0.003). All three cases of chorioretinitis had positive blood cultures for Candida albicans (p = 0.089) and were treated with oral fluconazole. Various factors have led to the increasing prevalence of inpatient candidaemia. Risk factors for ocular involvement include albicans species and the presence of, or inability to articulate, visual symptoms. For those without abnormal findings on initial examination, a subsequent retinal examination should be performed in 2 weeks, particularly if new symptoms develop or if the patient is unable to relay symptoms. Patients with chorioretinitis should be treated with systemic antifungal agents. For those with vitritis or endophthalmitis, particularly if worsening on systemic therapy alone, intravitreal antifungal medications or early vitrectomy should be considered.

  19. THERAPY FOR OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    ROTHOVA, A; MEENKEN, C; BRINKMAN, CJ; BAARSMA, GS; BOENTAN, TN; DEJONG, PTVM; KLAASSENBROEKEMA, N; SCHWEITZER, CMC; TIMMERMAN, Z; DEVRIES, J; ZAAL, MJW; KIJLSTRA, A

    1993-01-01

    We conducted a prospective multicenter study of the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies for ocular toxoplasmosis in 149 patients. Treatment consisted of the following three triple-drug combinations: group 1, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and corticosteroids; group 2, clindamycin, sulfadiazine,

  20. Therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rothova, A.; Meenken, C.; Buitenhuis, H. J.; Brinkman, C. J.; Baarsma, G. S.; Boen-Tan, T. N.; de Jong, P. T.; Klaassen-Broekema, N.; Schweitzer, C. M.; Timmerman, Z.

    1993-01-01

    We conducted a prospective multicenter study of the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies for ocular toxoplasmosis in 149 patients. Treatment consisted of the following three triple-drug combinations: group 1, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and corticosteroids; group 2, clindamycin, sulfadiazine,

  1. Mediators of ocular angiogenesis

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    2016-08-26

    Aug 26, 2016 ... Keywords. ocular angiogenesis; corneal neovascularization; retinal neovascularization; diabetic retinopathy; age-related macular degeneration; retinopathy of prematurity; VEGF; PEDF; Flt-1; Flk-1; endostatin; angiopoietin; erythropoietin; Tie2; inflammation; complement; gene therapy; TLR-3; Robo4.

  2. Progressive hemifacial atrophy with ciliary body atrophy and ocular hypotony

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T Ashwini Kini

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA is a disease of unknown etiology affecting one-half of the face. Ocular involvement is uncommon. Atrophy of iris is rare, with only a few cases of partial atrophy being reported in the literature. We report a case of total atrophy of iris and ciliary body with associated ocular hypotony in a 16-year-old girl with PHA. We believe this is the first reported case of complete atrophy of iris and ciliary body in PHA. Ocular hypotony in PHA was thought to be due to intra-ocular inflammation. However in our case it appears to be secondary to severe atrophy of the ciliary body.

  3. Rationale for anti-inflammatory therapy in dry eye syndrome Bases da terapia antiinflamatória em síndrome do olho seco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CS De Paiva

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Dry eye is a multifactorial condition that results in a dysfunctional lacrimal functional unit. Evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Changes in tear composition including increased cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases and the number of T cells in the conjunctiva are found in dry eye patients and in animal models. This inflammation is responsible in part for the irritation symptoms, ocular surface epithelial disease, and altered corneal epithelial barrier function in dry eye. There are several anti-inflammatory therapies for dry eye that target one or more of the inflammatory mediators/pathways that have been identified and are discussed in detail.Olho seco é uma doença multifatorial que resulta em disfunção da unidade lacrimal glandular. Evidências sugerem que inflamação está involvida na patogênese da doença. Mudanças na composição das lágrimas, incluindo aumento de citocinas, quimiocinas, metaloproteinases e o número de células T na conjuntiva são encontrados em pacientes com olho seco e em modelos animais. Esta inflamação é responsável em parte pelos sintomas de irritação, doença epitelial de surperfície ocular e função epitelial de barreira alterada em olho seco. Existem várias terapias antiinflamatórias que se direcionam para um ou mais mediadores/vias que foram identificados e são discutidos em detalhe.

  4. Ocular Injury due to Potassium Permanganate Granules

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chareenun Chirapapaisan

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: We report a rare case of ocular injury due to potassium permanganate (KMnO4 granules in a child. Methods: This is a retrospective case report. Results: A 2-year-old boy was transferred to our emergency room with severe pain in his right eye, inflamed eyelids, and brownish stains on his fingers. Chemical injury was suspected. Copious eye irrigation was immediately performed. Diffuse brownish splotches were then observed at the inferior bulbar conjunctiva. Otherwise, systemic organs were intact. Complete eye exam under general anesthesia revealed a 5-mm epithelial defect at the central cornea, along with generalized conjunctival injection and limbal ischemia, inferiorly. Multiple semi-dissolved granules of KMnO4 trapped in the inferior fornix were identified. The chemical particles were gradually washed out and removed; however, the brownish stains remained. The patient received preservative-free steroid, antibiotic eye drops, and lubricants as regular management for mild to moderate degree of ocular burn. Pseudomembrane developed early and transformed into symblepharon within a few days after the injury. Membrane adhesion was lysed, and more aggressive medications were then substituted. Commercial amniotic membrane (PROKERA® was also applied to promote wound healing and to prevent recurrence of symblepharon. The ocular surface was eventually restored, and corneal transparency was preserved. Conclusion: Ocular injury with the granular form of KMnO4 is rare. Its toxicity is comparable to concentrated KMnO4 solution. However, the dissolved particles that had been absorbed in the stained conjunctiva were continuously released and damaged the ocular surface more than we primarily anticipated. Awareness of this condition and prompt management yield a good treatment outcome.

  5. Tear film and ocular surface assessment in psoriasis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aragona, Emanuela; Rania, Laura; Postorino, Elisa Imelde; Interdonato, Alberto; Giuffrida, Roberta; Cannavò, Serafinella Patrizia; Puzzolo, Domenico; Aragona, Pasquale

    2018-03-01

    Psoriasis is a skin disease with also systemic involvement: its impact on the eye is not well established and often clinically underestimated. Aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ocular discomfort symptoms and of ocular surface changes in a population of patients with psoriasis. For this cross-sectional, comparative study, 66 patients with psoriasis were subdivided according to the presence of arthritis and to the use of biological therapy. All patients underwent clinical evaluation with the following tests: Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire, Tearscope examination, meibometry, tear film breakup time, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, corneal aesthesiometry, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) assessment and conjunctival impression cytology. 28 healthy subjects were also enrolled and treated with the same clinical tests. A statistical analysis of the results was performed. Patients with psoriasis showed a significant deterioration of the ocular surface tests, if compared with healthy subjects, demonstrated by tear film lipid layer alteration, tear film instability, corneal and conjunctival epithelial suffering and mild squamous metaplasia at impression cytology. No differences were found in ocular surface test results of the psoriatic group when patients were divided according to the presence of arthritis, whereas the anti-inflammatory treatment with biological drugs demonstrated a significant improvement of corneal stain and MGD. Our findings suggest that the ocular surface involvement in patients with psoriasis indicates the need of periodic ophthalmological examinations to diagnose the condition and allow a proper treatment, so contributing to the amelioration of patients' quality of life. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  6. Motorcycle related ocular injuries in Irrua Specialist Teaching ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This is a prospective study of all cases of motorcycle related accidents with involvement of the eyes seen at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital from January 2005 to December 2005. The study was conducted to assess the severity of ocular trauma, ocular structures mostly affected and initial effect on visual acuity in such ...

  7. Ocular surface displacement with and without contact lenses during non-contact tonometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rimayanti, Ulfah; Kiuchi, Yoshiaki; Uemura, Shohei; Takenaka, Joji; Mochizuki, Hideki; Kaneko, Makoto

    2014-01-01

    To evaluate the displacement of the central ocular surface during non-contact tonometry with and without soft contact lenses and determine the factors associated with the displacement of the central ocular surface and intraocular pressure (IOP) reading changes caused by wearing soft contact lenses (CLs). One eye each in 21 subjects was studied. The cornea was photographed using a high-speed camera at 5,000 frames/sec during non-contact tonometry without contact lenses (NCL), with -5.0 diopters (D), -0.5 D and +5.0 D CL. The displacement of the ocular surface and the factors affecting displacement at the IOP reading and maximum displacement time were investigated. The IOP readings while wearing +5 D CL were significantly higher than those obtained while wearing -5 D CL. The ocular surface displacement between +5 D CL and other groups were significantly different. A significant positive correlation was found between the ocular surface displacement of subjects at the IOP reading time and the IOP obtained with the non-contact tonometer. A significant negative correlation was found between the ocular surface curvature and the IOP obtained using the non-contact tonometer. The radius of curvature of the ocular surface affected the displacement during the IOP reading and maximum displacement time. Our results indicate that soft contact lens use changes the ocular surface behavior and IOP readings during non-contact tonometry. The radius of curvature of the eye affects the ocular surface displacement and IOP readings in this situation.

  8. Ocular findings in the chronic renal failure

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    P Dahal

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the ocular signs in chronic renal failure (CRF in diabetes and hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and thirty eight cases were enrolled in the study from the nephrology unit of College Of Medical Science, Bharatpur, Nepal and examined in the department of Ophthalmology. The study duration was carried out over 2 years from January 2011 to December 2012. RESULT The number of cases in each grade of CRF were mild 80 (26.67%, moderate 84 (28%, severe 75 (25%, end stage renal disease 61 (20.33%. In all the groups the commonest cause of CRF were Hypertension (HTN 123 out of 300(41% and diabetes 98(32.67%. The commonest ocular symptoms in CRF was blurring of vision 68%. CONCLUSION Many important ocular findings like vitreous haemorrage, retinal detachment, neovascular glaucoma and cataract are the presentation in chronic renal failure, which can cause marked vision loss. Hence proper awareness should be provided to the people in time to prevent these ocular complications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i2.12949 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol.10(2; 18-26

  9. Pattern of Ocular Injuries in Owo, Nigeria

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    Charles Oluwole Omolase

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: To determine the pattern of ocular injuries in patients presenting to the eye clinic and the accident and emergency department of Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January and December 2009. Federal Medical Center, Owo is the only tertiary hospital in Ondo State, Nigeria. The eye center located at this medical center was the only eye care facility in the community at the time of this study. All patients were interviewed with the aid of an interviewer-administered questionnaire and underwent a detailed ocular examination. Results: Of 132 patients included in the study, most (84.1% sustained blunt eye injury while (12.1% had penetrating eye injury. A considerable proportion of patients (37.9% presented within 24 hours of injury. Vegetative materials were the most common (42.4% offending agent, a minority of patients (22% was admitted and none of the patients had used eye protection at the time of injury. Conclusion: In the current series, blunt eye injury was the most common type of ocular trauma. The community should be educated and informed about the importance of preventive measures including protective eye devices during high risk activities. Patients should be encouraged to present early following ocular injury.

  10. Neuropathic ocular pain: an important yet underevaluated feature of dry eye

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galor, A; Levitt, R C; Felix, E R; Martin, E R; Sarantopoulos, C D

    2015-01-01

    Dry eye has gained recognition as a public health problem given its prevalence, morbidity, and cost implications. Dry eye can have a variety of symptoms including blurred vision, irritation, and ocular pain. Within dry eye-associated ocular pain, some patients report transient pain whereas others complain of chronic pain. In this review, we will summarize the evidence that chronicity is more likely to occur in patients with dysfunction in their ocular sensory apparatus (ie, neuropathic ocular pain). Clinical evidence of dysfunction includes the presence of spontaneous dysesthesias, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and corneal nerve morphologic and functional abnormalities. Both peripheral and central sensitizations likely play a role in generating the noted clinical characteristics. We will further discuss how evaluating for neuropathic ocular pain may affect the treatment of dry eye-associated chronic pain. PMID:25376119

  11. Incorporation of liquid lipid in lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery enhancement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shen Jie; Sun Minjie; Ping Qineng; Ying Zhi; Liu Wen

    2010-01-01

    The present work investigates the effect of liquid lipid incorporation on the physicochemical properties and ocular drug delivery enhancement of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and attempts to elucidate in vitro and in vivo the potential of NLCs for ocular drug delivery. The CyA-loaded or fluorescein-marked nanocarriers composed of Precifac ATO 5 and Miglyol 840 (as liquid lipid) were prepared by melting-emulsion technology, and the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers were determined. The uptake of nanocarriers by human corneal epithelia cell lines (SDHCEC) and rabbit cornea was examined. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging was used to investigate the ocular distribution of nanocarriers. The in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute tolerance were evaluated. The higher drug loading capacity and improved in vitro sustained drug release behavior of lipid nanoparticles was found with the incorporation of liquid lipid in lipid nanoparticles. The uptake of nanocarriers by the SDHCEC was increased with the increase in liquid lipid loading. The ex vivo fluorescence imaging of the ocular tissues indicated that the liquid lipid incorporation could improve the ocular retention and penetration of ocular therapeutics. No alternation was macroscopically observed in vivo after ocular surface exposure to nanocarriers. These results indicated that NLC was a biocompatible and potential nanocarrier for ocular drug delivery enhancement.

  12. Incorporation of liquid lipid in lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery enhancement

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shen Jie; Sun Minjie; Ping Qineng; Ying Zhi; Liu Wen, E-mail: Pingqn2004@yahoo.com.cn [School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing (China)

    2010-01-15

    The present work investigates the effect of liquid lipid incorporation on the physicochemical properties and ocular drug delivery enhancement of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and attempts to elucidate in vitro and in vivo the potential of NLCs for ocular drug delivery. The CyA-loaded or fluorescein-marked nanocarriers composed of Precifac ATO 5 and Miglyol 840 (as liquid lipid) were prepared by melting-emulsion technology, and the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers were determined. The uptake of nanocarriers by human corneal epithelia cell lines (SDHCEC) and rabbit cornea was examined. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging was used to investigate the ocular distribution of nanocarriers. The in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute tolerance were evaluated. The higher drug loading capacity and improved in vitro sustained drug release behavior of lipid nanoparticles was found with the incorporation of liquid lipid in lipid nanoparticles. The uptake of nanocarriers by the SDHCEC was increased with the increase in liquid lipid loading. The ex vivo fluorescence imaging of the ocular tissues indicated that the liquid lipid incorporation could improve the ocular retention and penetration of ocular therapeutics. No alternation was macroscopically observed in vivo after ocular surface exposure to nanocarriers. These results indicated that NLC was a biocompatible and potential nanocarrier for ocular drug delivery enhancement.

  13. Evaluation of the ocular protection for low intensity therapeutic lasers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cordon, Rosely

    2003-01-01

    The low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been extensively used in medicine and dentistry presenting positive effects. However, the laser radiation can also cause adverse effects. Due to the ocular focalization property, in the wavelength from 400 to 1400 nm, the retina is more susceptible to damage by radiation than any other part of the human body. Then, the ocular protection is frequently emphasized. This protection must attenuate the radiation to a safe level. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60825-1 suggests safety requirements for medical laser equipment, including the ocular protection, based on maximum permissible exposure levels. The Brazilian legislation adopts a corresponding IEC standard, the NBR IEC 601.2.22, for safety requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the ocular protectors furnished by four laser equipment manufacturers, commercially available in Brazil, commonly used for LILT. For this purpose, the laser equipment and the respective ocular protectors were characterized. The adequacy was verified according to the IEC standards. It was found, among other results, ocular protectors attenuating to safe levels the radiation emitted by the respective laser equipment, however, presenting inadequate visual transmission. Inefficient protection and protection indicated in cases where they were not necessary were also observed. (author)

  14. Ocular leech infestation

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    Lee YC

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Yueh-Chang Lee, Cheng-Jen Chiu Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC Abstract: This case report describes a female toddler with manifestations of ocular leech infestation. A 2-year-old girl was brought to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of irritable crying after being taken to a stream in Hualien 1 day previous, where she played in the water. The parents noticed that she rubbed her right eye a lot. Upon examination, the girl had good fix and follow in either eye. Slit-lamp examination showed conjunctival injection with a moving dark black–brown foreign body partly attached in the lower conjunctiva. After applying topical anesthetics, the leech, measuring 1 cm in length, was extracted under a microscope. The patient began using topical antibiotic and corticosteroid agents. By 1 week after extraction, the patient had no obvious symptoms or signs, except for a limited subconjunctival hemorrhage, and no corneal/scleral involvement was observed. Keywords: leech, ocular foreign body, conjunctival reaction, pediatric ophthalmology

  15. Ocular Fundus Photography as an Educational Tool.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mackay, Devin D; Garza, Philip S

    2015-10-01

    The proficiency of nonophthalmologists with direct ophthalmoscopy is poor, which has prompted a search for alternative technologies to examine the ocular fundus. Although ocular fundus photography has existed for decades, its use has been traditionally restricted to ophthalmology clinical care settings and textbooks. Recent research has shown a role for nonmydriatic fundus photography in nonophthalmic settings, encouraging more widespread adoption of fundus photography technology. Recent studies have also affirmed the role of fundus photography as an adjunct or alternative to direct ophthalmoscopy in undergraduate medical education. In this review, the authors examine the use of ocular fundus photography as an educational tool and suggest future applications for this important technology. Novel applications of fundus photography as an educational tool have the potential to resurrect the dying art of funduscopy. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

  16. Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in Xeroderma Pigmentosum

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    Rajesh R Nayak

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP is a rare genetic disorder associated with multiple oculocutaneous and neurological manifestations. It occurs due to deficiency of the enzymes responsible for repairing ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Persistence of un-repaired DNA results in somatic mutations, leading to neoplasia of the skin and ocular surface. As this condition is rare, only isolated case reports of XP with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN are found in literature.

  17. Técnicas cirúrgicas para correção da presbiopia em pacientes fácicos

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    Ferraz Caroline Amaral

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A presbiopia é a afecção ocular mais freqüente e é definida como a perda progressiva da amplitude acomodativa relacionada à idade. Atualmente, tentativas de correção cirúrgica da presbiopia em paciente fácicos e afácicos têm recebido considerável atenção, sendo campo vasto de pesquisa. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as técnicas cirúrgicas propostas para correção da presbiopia em pacientes fácicos publicadas na literatura até o presente momento.

  18. Ocular Manifestations of Noonan Syndrome: A Prospective Clinical and Genetic Study of 25 Patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Trier, Dorothée C; Vos, Anna M C; Draaijer, Renske W; van der Burgt, Ineke; Draaisma, Jos M Th; Cruysberg, Johannes R M

    2016-10-01

    To determine the full spectrum of ocular manifestations in patients with Noonan syndrome (NS). Prospective cross-sectional clinical and genetic study in a tertiary referral center. Twenty-five patients with NS (mean age, 14 years; range, 8 months-25 years) clinically diagnosed by validated criteria. All patients were examined by the same team following a detailed study protocol. Genetic analyses were performed in 23 patients. Ocular abnormalities of vision and refraction, external ocular features, ocular position and motility, anterior segment, posterior segment, and intraocular pressure. Ocular features of vision and refraction were amblyopia (32%), myopia (40%), and astigmatism (52%). External ocular features were epicanthic folds (84%), hypertelorism (68%), ptosis (56%), high upper eyelid crease (64%), lower eyelid retraction (60%), abnormal upward slanting palpebral fissures (36%), downward slanting palpebral fissures (32%), and lagophthalmos (28%). Orthoptic abnormalities included strabismus (40%), abnormal stereopsis (44%), and limited ocular motility (40%). Anterior segment abnormalities included prominent corneal nerves (72%) and posterior embryotoxon (32%). Additional ocular features were found, including nonglaucomatous optic disc excavation (20%), relatively low (Noonan syndrome is a clinical diagnosis with multiple genetic bases associated with an extensive variety of congenital ocular abnormalities. Ocular features of NS are characterized by 1 or more developmental anomalies of the eyelids (involving the position, opening, and closure) associated with various other ocular abnormalities in childhood, including amblyopia, myopia, astigmatism, strabismus, limited ocular motility, prominent corneal nerves, and posterior embryotoxon. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Effects of malicious ocular laser exposure in commercial airline pilots.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palakkamanil, Mathew M; Fielden, Michael P

    2015-12-01

    Intentional malicious laser strikes on commercial pilots are committed by individuals who target a laser into airplane cockpits during takeoff and landing. Because laser exposure to pilots is a relatively new but growing occurrence, our study investigates the ocular effect of this laser exposure in pilots. Retrospective chart review by a single ophthalmologist. All commercial airline pilots (58 male, 3 female) who experienced a laser strike while flying between April 2012 and November 2014 who presented to our clinic were included. A retrospective chart review was performed in a retinal specialist's practice. Ocular assessment was performed within 3 days of laser exposure. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was conducted, including Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity, colour vision, visual fields, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus examination, colour fundus photographs, and ocular coherence tomography. Sixty-four laser strike incidents involving commercial pilots were included. All pilots in the study experienced some degree of immediate ocular irritation or light sensitivity. No definite cases of ocular damage were attributed to laser strikes. No pilot had any functional ocular deficits. Our study revealed that laser strikes on aircraft did not result in permanent visual functional or structural deficits. However, laser strikes cause immediate visual effects, including glare, flash blindness, and ocular irritation that can interfere with a pilot's visual function. Given the widespread accessibility of high-power lasers and the rapid increase in incidents, laser strikes threaten to jeopardize aviation safety unless effective preventative measures are put in place. Copyright © 2015 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Evidence Report: Risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stenger, Michael B.; Tarver, William J.; Brunstetter, Tyson; Gibson, Charles Robert; Laurie, Steven S.; Lee, Stuart M. C.; Macias, Brandon R.; Mader, Thomas H.; Otto, Christian; Smith, Scott M.; hide

    2017-01-01

    A subset of astronauts develop neuro-ocular structural and functional changes during prolonged periods of spaceflight that may lead to additional neurologic and ocular consequences upon return to Earth.

  1. Miastenia grave y miastenia grave ocular

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    Rosa María Naranjo Fernández

    Full Text Available La miastenia grave es una enfermedad caracterizada por debilidad y fatiga de los músculos voluntarios debido a una trasmisión anómala a nivel de la unión neuromuscular. La prevalencia es aproximadamente de 5 casos/100 000 personas. La miastenia grave puede ser bulbar, ocular o generalizada.Existen formas clínicas en la infancia como son la miastenia neonatal transitoria, la miastenia congénita y la miastenia juvenil. Los músculos oculares, faciales y bulbares son los más frecuentes afectados por la enfermedad. Cuando los síntomas se limitan a la musculatura cercana al ojo se denomina miastenia grave ocular. Una vez el oftalmólogo diagnostica o sospecha la miastenia grave, un neurólogo generalmente dirige la comprobación y tratamiento. El papel del oftalmólogo continúa siendo importante, además de chequear la motilidad y disfunción palpebral y proporcionar el alivio sintomático para estos desórdenes, debe estar alerta a la posibilidad de ambliopía.

  2. EMPREGO DO RELAXAMENTO PARA ALÍVIO DA DOR EM ONCOLOGIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MICHELE SALVADOR

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La finalidad de este estudio fue describir el uso de técnicas de relajación y sus beneficios para reducción del dolor oncológico. Se trata de una revisión de literatura, de 1993 a 2007, usando las palabras claves: dolor, relajación, cáncer y enfermería, en las bases Medline, Cinahl y Lilacs. De los 79 artículos identificados, 24 de ellos atendieron los propósitos. De estos, sólo uno era nacional; predominantemente de autores enfermeros, publicados en revistas norteamericanas de enfermería y distribuidos hasta el año 2000; dos de ellos eran relatos de experiencia, uno de directrices, un estudio de caso, 10 revisiones de literatura y 10 ensayos. Los autores emplearon las técnicas de relajación muscular progresiva, imagen guiada, biofeedback, hipnosis y meditación. Tales técnicas reducen la percepción del dolor oncológico, favorecen la disminución de narcóticos, náuseas, estrés, insomnio y actúan como auxiliar con los medicamentos; la enfermera ocupa papel relevante en su uso para aliviar el dolor.

  3. Nanocarriers in ocular drug delivery: an update review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wadhwa, Sheetu; Paliwal, Rishi; Paliwal, Shivani Rai; Vyas, S P

    2009-01-01

    Controlled drug delivery to eye is one of the most challenging fields of pharmaceutical research. Low drug-contact time and poor ocular bioavailability due to drainage of solution, tear turnover and its dilution or lacrimation are the problems associated with conventional systems. In addition, anatomical barriers and physiological conditions of eye are also important parameters which control designing of drug delivery systems. Nanosized carriers like micro/nano-suspensions, liposome, niosome, dendrimer, nanoparticles, ocular inserts, implants, hydrogels and prodrug approaches have been developed for this purpose. These novel systems offer manifold advantages over conventional systems as they increase the efficiency of drug delivery by improving the release profile and also reduce drug toxicity. Conventional delivery systems get diluted with tear, washed away through the lacrimal gland and usually require administering at regular time intervals whereas nanocarriers release drug at constant rate for a prolonged period of time and thus enhance its absorption and site specific delivery. This review presents an overview of the various aspects of the ocular drug delivery, with special emphasis on nanocarrier based strategies, including structure of eye, its barriers, delivery routes and the challenges/limitations associated with development of novel nanocarriers. The recent progresses in therapy of ocular disease like gene therapy have also been included so that future options should also be considered from the delivery point of view. Recent progress in the delivery of proteins and peptides via ocular route has also been incorporated for reader benefit.

  4. Ocular pharmacokinetics of besifloxacin following topical administration to rabbits, monkeys, and humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Proksch, Joel W; Granvil, Camille P; Siou-Mermet, Raphaële; Comstock, Timothy L; Paterno, Michael R; Ward, Keith W

    2009-08-01

    Studies were conducted to evaluate the ocular penetration and systemic exposure to besifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, following topical ocular administration to animals and humans. Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension (0.6%) was administered as a topical ocular instillation to pigmented rabbits, cynomolgus monkeys, and human subjects. At predetermined intervals after dosing, samples of ocular tissues and plasma were collected and analyzed for besifloxacin levels using HPLC/MS/MS methods. Besifloxacin demonstrated good ocular penetration in rabbits and monkeys, with rapid absorption and sustained concentrations observed in anterior ocular tissues through 24 h after a single administration. Maximum besifloxacin concentrations in conjunctiva, cornea, and aqueous humor of monkeys were 6.43 microg/g, 2.10 microg/g, and 0.796 microg/mL, respectively, after a single topical dose, and concentrations declined in these tissues with an apparent half-life of 5-14 h. Following a single topical ocular administration to humans, the maximum besifloxacin concentration in tears was 610 microg/g with concentrations decreasing to approximately 1.6 microg/g at 24 h. The resulting pharmacokinetic parameters for besifloxacin in human tears were evaluated relative to the MIC(90) values (microg/mL) for besifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.125), Staphylococcus aureus (0.25), Staphylococcus epidermidis (0.5), and Haemophilus influenzae (0.06). Following a single topical administration, the C(max)/MIC(90) ratios for besifloxacin in human tears were > or =1,220, and the AUC((0-24))/MIC(90) ratios were > or =2,500 for these relevant ocular pathogens. Following repeated 3-times daily (TID) topical ocular administration to human subjects with clinically diagnosed bacterial conjunctivitis, maximum besifloxacin concentrations in plasma were less than 0.5 ng/mL, on average. Taken together, the results of the current investigation provide a PK/PD-based rationale that supports the

  5. Ocular surface displacement with and without contact lenses during non-contact tonometry.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulfah Rimayanti

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the displacement of the central ocular surface during non-contact tonometry with and without soft contact lenses and determine the factors associated with the displacement of the central ocular surface and intraocular pressure (IOP reading changes caused by wearing soft contact lenses (CLs. METHODS: One eye each in 21 subjects was studied. The cornea was photographed using a high-speed camera at 5,000 frames/sec during non-contact tonometry without contact lenses (NCL, with -5.0 diopters (D, -0.5 D and +5.0 D CL. The displacement of the ocular surface and the factors affecting displacement at the IOP reading and maximum displacement time were investigated. RESULTS: The IOP readings while wearing +5 D CL were significantly higher than those obtained while wearing -5 D CL. The ocular surface displacement between +5 D CL and other groups were significantly different. A significant positive correlation was found between the ocular surface displacement of subjects at the IOP reading time and the IOP obtained with the non-contact tonometer. A significant negative correlation was found between the ocular surface curvature and the IOP obtained using the non-contact tonometer. The radius of curvature of the ocular surface affected the displacement during the IOP reading and maximum displacement time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that soft contact lens use changes the ocular surface behavior and IOP readings during non-contact tonometry. The radius of curvature of the eye affects the ocular surface displacement and IOP readings in this situation.

  6. OCULAR DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY

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    Meera Suresh Joshi

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND In India, an estimated 1.5-2.5% children below 2 years of age are developmentally delayed. A higher incidence of ocular disability is seen in these children, refractive errors and strabismus being most common. These can add to the overall burden of health as most of them have developmental comorbidities. The aim of the study is to study the ocular disorders in children with developmental delay. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 112 children between the 2-12 years of age diagnosed to have developmental delay. All the subjects underwent a detailed ophthalmic evaluation including visual acuity testing using Snellen’s charts (3m and 6m and Log MAR charts (recorded as per Snellen’s vision testing to maintain uniformity, cycloplegic refraction, torchlight and slit-lamp evaluation and dilated fundus examination. The data was tabulated and represented using bar diagrams, Pie charts and graphs. The results were expressed as percentages. Design-Cross-sectional, observational study. RESULTS 66 boys and 46 girls (total 112 were evaluated. The mean age of the study population was 7.8 years ± 2.4 SD. The aetiology of developmental delay was cerebral palsy (64%, Down syndrome (22%, autism (7%, intellectual disability (4.5% and 1 case each of congenital hypothyroidism and ataxia telangiectasia. The prevalence of ocular disorders was found to be 84.8%, which was slightly higher in girls (87% as compared to boys (83%. Refractive error (79.5% was the commonest ocular disorder followed by strabismus (46.4%. Astigmatism (44.6% was the commonest refractive error, which was divided into myopic astigmatism (19.6%, hyperopic astigmatism (13.8% and mixed astigmatism (11.2%. Simple hyperopia was seen in 21.9% subjects and simple myopia in 12.1%. Exotropia (52% was commoner than esotropia (48%. Other ocular abnormalities included optic atrophy, nystagmus, epicanthal folds, cataract, mongoloid slant, ptosis, telecanthus, conjunctival telangiectasia and

  7. Ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kalogeropoulos, Dimitrios; Papoudou-Bai, Alexandra; Kanavaros, Panagiotis; Kalogeropoulos, Chris

    2018-05-01

    Ocular adnexal lymphomas are a group of heterogeneous neoplasms representing approximately 1-2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and 8% of extranodal lymphomas. The incidence of primary ocular adnexal lymphoid tumors has raised over the last decades, and this could be probably attributed to the more sophisticated diagnostic techniques. Due to the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ocular tissue biopsy is important in order to set a precise diagnosis based on histological, immunophenotypical and, in some cases, molecular findings. The most common subtype, which may account for up to 80% of primary ocular adnexal lymphomas, is extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. This lymphoma is usually asymptomatic in the early phase of the disease causing a delay in the final diagnosis and prompt therapy. The pathogenesis of a proportion of these tumors has been linked to chronic inflammatory stimulation from specific infectious factors (e.g., Chlamydia psittaci) or to autoimmunity. The further improvement in diagnostic methods and the further understanding of the pathogenesis of ocular adnexal EMZL may contribute to the establishment of a more successful multidisciplinary therapeutic planning.

  8. Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shinobu Fujii

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Transport of drugs applied by traditional dosage forms is restricted to the eye, and therapeutic drug concentrations in the target tissues are not maintained for a long duration since the eyes are protected by a unique anatomy and physiology. For the treatment of the anterior segment of the eye, various droppable products to prolong the retention time on the ocular surface have been introduced in the market. On the other hand, direct intravitreal implants, using biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymer technology, have been widely investigated for the treatment of chronic vitreoretinal diseases. There is urgent need to develop ocular drug delivery systems which provide controlled release for the treatment of chronic diseases, and increase patient’s and doctor’s convenience to reduce the dosing frequency and invasive treatment. In this article, progress of ocular drug delivery systems under clinical trials and in late experimental stage is reviewed.

  9. Ocular presentation of sarcoidosis in children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kataria, S; Trevathan, G E; Holland, J E; Kataria, Y P

    1983-12-01

    Ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis in children are the second most common occurrence after hilar adenopathy and pulmonary abnormalities. We present the case history of a 14-year-old black boy who presented with redness of the left eye, blurred vision, and decreased visual acuity. He was subsequently diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. All patients with uveitis or ocular findings suggestive of sarcoidosis should have a through medical examination and a chest x-ray. Those suspected of or proven to have sarcoidosis should have a complete ophthalmological examination. Sarcoidosis in children appears to be more frequent than previously estimated.

  10. Knowledge and awareness of ocular allergy among undergraduate students of public universities in Ghana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kyei, Samuel; Tettey, Bernard; Asiedu, Kofi; Awuah, Agnes

    2016-10-28

    Ocular allergy is a growing public health problem that greatly impacts the day-to-day life of sufferers and their families. Other aspects of their activities of daily living such as schooling, professional, and social life are affected hence an increased awareness and knowledge of ocular allergies, their detection and treatment is paramount. This study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of ocular allergy among undergraduate students of public universities in Ghana. A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among 1000 students from three selected public universities in Ghana. Each respondent completed a questionnaire that had questions concerning awareness and knowledge of ocular allergy. Out of the 1000 students, 347 (34.7 %) were aware of ocular allergy. Of these 347 students, the level of knowledge of ocular allergy was generally low. Majority of the students had their source of information about ocular allergy from the media and the internet. There was statistical significant association among awareness of ocular allergy, sources of information and programme of study (p students is generally low. Students' programmes of study influenced their knowledge of ocular allergy. Public health measures are recommended to help educate students on the prevention and control of ocular allergy as well as the complications associated with this condition.

  11. Inferior ectopic pupil and typical ocular coloboma in RCS rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsuji, Naho; Ozaki, Kiyokazu; Narama, Isao; Matsuura, Tetsuro

    2011-08-01

    Ocular coloboma is sometimes accompanied by corectopia in humans and therefore ectopic pupil may indicate ocular coloboma in experimental animals. The RCS strain of rats has a low incidence of microphthalmia. We found that inferior ectopic pupil is associated exclusively with small-sized eyes in this strain. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether inferior ectopic pupil is associated with iridal coloboma and other types of ocular coloboma in RCS rats. Both eyes of RCS rats were examined clinically, and those with inferior ectopic pupils underwent morphologic and morphometric examinations. In a prenatal study, coronal serial sections of eyeballs from fetuses at gestational day 16.5 were examined by using light microscopy. Ectopic pupils in RCS rats were found exclusively in an inferior position, where the iris was shortened. Fundic examination revealed severe chorioretinal coloboma in all cases of inferior ectopic pupil. The morphologic characteristics closely resembled those of chorioretinal coloboma in humans. Histopathologic examination of primordia showed incomplete closure of the optic fissure in 4 eyeballs of RCS fetuses. Neither F(1) rats nor N(2) (progeny of RCS × BN matings) displayed any ocular anomalies, including ectopic pupils. The RCS strain is a suitable model for human ocular coloboma, and inferior ectopic pupil appears to be a strong indicator of ocular coloboma.

  12. Development of circular protons accelerator for ocular teletherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rabelo, L. A.; Campos, T.P.R.

    2011-01-01

    The proton therapy has been used for ocular tumors providing tumor control in most cases and vision preservations. The protons show high doses in depth depict lower scattering from beam than other particles, electrons and photons. The cyclotron is a type of accelerator that increases the kinetic energy of the charged particle, recirculating it on a magnetic field and crossing an accelerating electrical field. It can be used to produce radioisotopes to hospitals. The goal of this study is to investigate a unit of circular accelerator to be coupled in existing national cyclotrons to generate a proton beams suitable to ocular therapy. Herein, physical parameters are evaluable, including relativistic corrections. That result shows the viability of developing an accelerator unit to ocular proton therapy. (author)

  13. <> influência do fraccionamento alimentar no tratamento do Excesso de Peso e da Obesidade : Trabalho de Investigação : <> influence of food fractionation in the treatment of Overweight and Obesity

    OpenAIRE

    Rocha, Tânia Gil da

    2010-01-01

    Contém um relatório de estágio curricular realizado no Gabinete de Nutrição dos Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde da Maia e no Serviços de Oncologia Médica e de Ginecologia do Hospital de São João, Porto, no âmbito da licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição pela Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto. O exemplar do relatório de estágio existe apenas em formato papel e está disponível para consulta na Biblioteca da FCNAUP

  14. Prolapso vaginal e uterino em ovelhas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maíra Bianchi R. Alves

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre os prolapsos vaginal e uterino em ovelhas atendidas no Serviço de Clínica de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes (CBPR da FMVZ/USP no período compreendido entre 2000 a 2010, no qual, foram atendidas 56 ovinos com problemas inerentes ao sistema reprodutivo, dessas, 25 apresentaram prolapso vaginal ou uterino (44,6%. O prolapso vaginal total foi o de maior frequência (72%. As ovelhas acometidas, em sua maioria, possuíam idade superior a quatro anos (64%, eram sem raça definida (44% ou da raça Ile de France (40%. As manifestações clínicas observadas durante a maioria dos atendimentos foram: taquipnéia, taquicardia, mucosas oculares avermelhadas indicando estado de toxemia, decúbito esternal ou lateral, apatia e anorexia. O tratamento instituído para todos os casos foi a limpeza, desinfecção e reintrodução do órgão prolapsado. A sutura de Bühner foi feita em 84% dos casos e a histeropexia em um caso (4%. A evolução foi satisfatória em 80% dos casos atendidos, nos demais casos (20% observou-se óbito da fêmea acometida. Do total de óbitos, os prolapsos vaginais foram responsáveis por 60% (3/5 e os prolapsos uterinos por 40% (2/5. A etiologia dos prolapsos não foi definida nos casos atendidos, sendo esses associados com o período pós-parto em sua maioria (56%, provavelmente associados com quadros de hipocalcemia, altas concentrações séricas de estrógeno e hipertonia uterina. Além disso, a predisposição genética não pode ser descartada.

  15. Ocular injuries and eye care seeking patterns following injuries ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: The work environment of cocoa farmers exposes them to several ocular hazards that predispose them to eye diseases and injuries. However, the extent of ocular injuries and health seeking patterns following these injuries are unknown among cocoa farmers in Ghana. Objectives: To determine the prevalence ...

  16. Impact of Microbiota on Resistance to Ocular Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abirami Kugadas

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The existence of the ocular microbiota has been reported but functional analyses to evaluate its significance in regulating ocular immunity are currently lacking. We compared the relative contribution of eye and gut commensals in regulating the ocular susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis. We find that in health, the presence of microbiota strengthened the ocular innate immune barrier by significantly increasing the concentrations of immune effectors in the tear film, including secretory IgA and complement proteins. Consistent with this view, Swiss Webster (SW mice that are typically resistant to P. aeruginosa-induced keratitis become susceptible due to the lack of microbiota. This was exemplified by increased corneal bacterial burden and elevated pathology of the germ free (GF mice when compared to the conventionally maintained SW mice. The protective immunity was found to be dependent on both eye and gut microbiota with the eye microbiota having a moderate, but significant impact on the resistance to infection. These events were IL-1ß-dependent as corneal IL-1ß levels were decreased in the infected GF and antibiotic-treated mice when compared to the SPF controls, and neutralization of IL-1ß increased the ocular bacterial burden in the SPF mice. Monocolonizing GF mice with Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus sp. isolated from the conjunctival swabs was sufficient to restore resistance to infection. Cumulatively, these data underline a previously unappreciated role for microbiota in regulating susceptibility to ocular keratitis. We predict that these results will have significant implications for contact lens wearers, where alterations in the ocular commensal communities may render the ocular surface vulnerable to infections.

  17. Effects of ocular aberrations on contrast detection in noise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Bo; Liu, Rong; Dai, Yun; Zhou, Jiawei; Zhou, Yifeng; Zhang, Yudong

    2012-08-06

    We use adaptive optics (AO) techniques to manipulate the ocular aberrations and elucidate the effects of these ocular aberrations on contrast detection in a noisy background. The detectability of sine wave gratings at frequencies of 4, 8, and 16 circles per degree (cpd) was measured in a standard two-interval force-choice staircase procedure against backgrounds of various levels of white noise. The observer's ocular aberrations were either corrected with AO or left uncorrected. In low levels of external noise, contrast detection thresholds are always lowered by AO correction, whereas in high levels of external noise, they are generally elevated by AO correction. Higher levels of external noise are required to make this threshold elevation observable when signal spatial frequencies increase from 4 to 16 cpd. The linear-amplifier-model fit shows that mostly sampling efficiency and equivalent noise both decrease with AO correction. Our findings indicate that ocular aberrations could be beneficial for contrast detection in high-level noises. The implications of these findings are discussed.

  18. Ocular pressure waveform reflects ventricular bigeminy and aortic insufficiency

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean B Kassem

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Ocular pulse amplitude (OPA is defined as the difference between maximum and minimum intraocular pressure (IOP during a cardiac cycle. Average values of OPA range from 1 to 4 mmHg. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the source of an irregular IOP waveform with elevated OPA in a 48-year-old male. Ocular pressure waveforms had an unusual shape consistent with early ventricular contraction. With a normal IOP, OPA was 9 mmHg, which is extraordinarily high. The subject was examined by a cardiologist and was determined to be in ventricular bigeminy. In addition, he had bounding carotid pulses and echocardiogram confirmed aortic insufficiency. After replacement of the aortic valve, the bigeminy resolved and the ocular pulse waveform became regular in appearance with an OPA of 1.6-2.0 mmHg. The ocular pressure waveform is a direct reflection of hemodynamics. Evaluating this waveform may provide an additional opportunity for screening subjects for cardiovascular anomalies and arrhythmias.

  19. Ocular Findings in Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gokturk, Bahar; Topcu-Yilmaz, Pinar; Bozkurt, Banu; Yildirim, Mahmut Selman; Guner, Sukru Nail; Sayar, Esra Hazar; Reisli, Ismail

    2016-07-01

    To identify the ocular features of children diagnosed as having 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a Turkish population, which is the most common microdeletion syndrome with a wide range of facial and ocular abnormalities. Sixteen children aged between 4 months and 18 years with a microdeletion in chromosome 22q11.2 underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity testing, stereoscopic vision examination, biomicroscopic and indirect fundus examination, and ocular motility testing. All patients had at least one ocular abnormality. The major abnormalities were eyelid abnormalities (eye hooding, narrow palpebral fissure, telecanthus, hypertelorism, sparse and thin eyebrows and eyelashes, blepharitis, and distichiasis), posterior embryotoxon, and tortuous retinal vessels in at least half of the patients. Other ophthalmological disorders were refractive errors, iris remnants, and strabismus. The chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is associated with a wide range of ocular disorders, which necessitates a comprehensive eye examination for appropriate treatment and follow-up. Ocular findings sometimes can provide a clue to the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(4):218-222]. Copyright 2016, SLACK Incorporated.

  20. Ocular straylight in albinism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kruijt, Bastiaan; Franssen, Luuk; Prick, Liesbeth J. J. M.; van Vliet, Johannes M. J.; van den Berg, Thomas J. T. P.

    2011-01-01

    Albinism is an inherited disorder that affects the melanin biosynthesis pathway, which results in reduced or absent pigment formation. This may lead to increased light transmission through the iris and more reflected light from the fundus. Both these effects contribute to the occurrence of ocular

  1. Therapy of ocular toxoplasmosis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rothova, A.; Buitenhuis, H. J.; Meenken, C.; Baarsma, G. S.; Boen-Tan, T. N.; de Jong, P. T.; Schweitzer, C. M.; Timmerman, Z.; de Vries, J.; Zaal, M. J.

    1989-01-01

    We performed a prospective multicentre study to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies currently used for ocular toxoplasmosis in a large number of patients (n = 106). Treatment was given for at least four weeks and consisted of three triple drug combinations: group 1, pyrimethamine,

  2. Ocular Behçet disease: current therapeutic approaches.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evereklioglu, Cem

    2011-11-01

    To alert physician to timely recognition and current treatment of recurrent hypopyon iridocyclitis or panuveitis in ocular Behçet disease (OBD). Interferon-α, rituximab, intravitreal triamcinolone, and biological response modifiers by tumor necrosis factor inhibitors such as infliximab and adalimumab are being used increasingly for the treatment of severe sight-threatening ocular inflammation including retinal vasculitis and cystoid macular edema (CME). Biological agents offer tremendous potential in the treatment of OBD. Given that OBD predominantly afflicts the younger adults in their most productive years, dermatologist, rheumatologist, internist, or general practitioners supervising patients with oculo-articulo-oromucocutaneous syndromes should be aware of systemic Behçet disease. Early recognition of ocular involvement is important and such patients should strongly be instructed to visit immediately an ophthalmologist, as uveitis management differs from extraocular involvements with high ocular morbidity from sight-threatening complications due to relapsing inflammatory attacks in the posterior segment of the eye. A single infliximab infusion should be considered for the control of acute panuveitis, whereas repeated long-term infliximab infusions were proved to be more effective in reducing the number of episodes in refractory uveoretinitis with faster regression and complete remission of CME.

  3. Ocular Surface Reconstruction: Recent Innovations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Madhavan HN

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available The ocular surface is exceptionally rich in complexity and functionality. Severe ocular surface disorders/conditions, such as chemical or thermal injuries, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, neurotrophic keratopathy, chronic limbitis, and severe microbial keratitis cause significant morbidities and even corneal blindness. Hypofunction may be caused by Aniridia, Neurotrophy, Endocrine, Pterygium and Chronic limbitis Approximately 6000 patients are seen in Ocular Surface Clinic every year; almost 80% have some form of dry eyes. About 125 new patients of Stevens Johnson Syndrome are seen in a year of which approximately 25% may benefit from Cultured Epithelial Transplant and 75 new patients of thermal/chemical injury in a year of which almost 80% will benefit from Stem Cell Transplantation. Of the 128 severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis which were seen in the ocular surface clinic, 10% require stem cell transplantation. Nearly 30 new cases of Ocular cicatrical pemphigoid every year are seen and they may need stem cell transplantation. In addition, several patients with persistent epithelial defects may benefit from limbal stem cell transplantation to alleviate, maintain conjunctivalization regression and corneal avascularity limbal deficiency, and restore vision. Even if granted that this statistics is for a single large ophthalmic hospital, for a large country as India with 1.1 billion populations, the number of patients requiring corneal stem cell transplantation is enormous. Stem cells in the palisades of Vogt participate in regeneration and preservation of corneal transparency and avascularity. The diminished regenerative capacity seen in LSCD is characterized by persistent epithelial defects, erosion and ulceration, conjunctivalization and neovascularization, and chronic inflammation. Standard corneal transplantation for restoration of corneal clarity and avascularity is a contraindication in the surgical management

  4. A novel eye drop of alpha tocopherol to prevent ocular oxidant damage: improve the stability and ocular efficacy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xin, Jiayu; Tang, Jingling; Bu, Meng; Sun, Yanhui; Wang, Xinyu; Wu, Linhua; Liu, Hongzhuo

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study was to design novel mixed micelles as an ophthalmic delivery system for alpha-tocopherol (TOC) to prevent its degradation and improve ocular efficacy. The nonionic polymers, Polyoxyl 15 Hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS15) and Pluronic® F127, were discovered to be the most effective agents for retaining the activity and solubilization of TOC, respectively. Prepared by a thin-film hydration method, HS15/Pluronic® F127 yielded good encapsulation percentages of TOC, with a 27.7% drug loading efficiency. Incorporation of cetalkonium chloride (CKC) into HS15/Pluronic® F127 mixed micelles made the zeta potential of the micelles +17 mV, potentially prolonging the residence time of formulations on ocular surfaces. The optimized micelle preparation remained stable when diluted in a synthetic tear solution. It is known that the antioxidant ability of TOC in typical formulations reduces to around 85% of its initial value after 1 month when stored at 4 or 25 °C under an air atmosphere, which limits ophthalmic applications to less than 1 month. However, encapsulated TOC in investigated micelles remained stable for at least 6 months when sealed with N2. Finally, the cationic micelles were well tolerated after multiple administrations in rabbits, and they improved ocular accumulation of TOC. Taken together, these data suggest that the optimized micelle preparations described in this study may be suitable drug carriers for the treatment of ocular oxidant damage.

  5. Cardiopulmonary effects and eyeball centralization with low-dose atracurium in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized dogs Avaliação cardiopulmonar e da centralização do globo ocular em cães com baixas doses de atracúrio mantidos em anestesia inalatória sob ventilação espontânea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Bonfim Carregaro

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available The objective was to determine the cardiopulmonary effects and eyeball centralization time obtained with 15 or 30µg kg-1 of atracurium in anesthetized dogs under spontaneous breathing. Eighteen healthy adult mixed-breed dogs were used, which received 0.1mg kg-1 acepromazine and 0.5mg kg-1 morphine IM, followed by 4mg kg-1 propofol IV and maintained on isoflurane anesthesia with spontaneous breathing. Animals received 1mL 0.9% NaCl IV (CG, 15µg kg-1 (G15 or 30µg kg-1 (G30 of atracurium IV. Eyeball centralization time was measured; heart rate (HR, systolic (SAP, mean (MAP and diastolic (DAP arterial pressures, respiratory rate (RR, tidal volume (Vt and minute volume (Vm were determined every 5min, and pH, arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 , arterial O2 pressure (PaO2 , hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2 , bicarbonate (HCO3- and base excess (BE every 15min until 60min. Both doses of atracurium produced a similar period of eyeball centralization. Vt in groups treated with atracurium was lower than in CG up to 15min. Vm in G15 differed from CG up to 10min and in G30 up to 25min. No differences were observed for cardiovascular parameters, RR, SaO2, PaO2, HCO3- and BE. pH decreased in CG between 30 and 60min and in G15 and G30 at 15min. G30 differed from CG between 15 and 30min. PaCO2 in GC differed from baseline between 30 and 60min and in G15 differed at 15min. Atracurium at the dose of 15µg kg-1 is adequate for short corneal procedures in inhalant-anesthetized dogs under spontaneous breathing.Objetivou-se determinar os efeitos cardiopulmonares e o tempo de centralização do globo ocular obtidos com 15 ou 30µg kg-1 de atracúrio em cães anestesiados sob ventilação espontânea. Dezoito cães adultos foram pré-medicados com 0,1mg kg-1 de acepromazina e 0,5mg kg-1 de morfina IM, anestesiados com 4mg kg-1 de propofol IV e mantidos sob anestesia inalatória com isofluorano em ventilação espontânea. Os animais receberam 1mL de NaCl 0,9% IV (GC, 15

  6. ROLE OF INTRANASAL STEROIDAL SPRAY IN SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS WITH OCULAR SYMPTOMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vineel Muppidi

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND The eye is especially susceptible to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, itching (pruritus, tearing (epiphora and redness (erythema because it lacks a mechanical barrier that could prevent the deposition of allergens, such as pollen on the conjunctival surface. These ocular symptoms have been described as examples of the type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction. A number of recently published clinical studies apparently support the positive effect of intranasal steroidal sprays on ocular allergy symptoms. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of intranasal steroids in relieving ocular symptoms in allergic rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 subjects who had seasonal allergic rhinitis with ocular symptoms came to Outpatient Department of Chalmeda Anand Rao Hospital in the year 2015-2016. Randomly, each intranasal steroid is given to 12 patients to a total of 60 patients for 4 weeks 2 puffs in each nostril twice daily and the clinical response is observed. RESULTS A subjective improvement in ocular symptoms was observed in 11 of the 12 patients treated with fluticasone furoate, 8 of 12 patients with fluticasone propionate, 7 of the 12 patients with mometasone furoate, 6 of the 12 patients with beclomethasone and 6 of the 12 patients with budesonide. CONCLUSION Intranasal corticosteroids, which are used for seasonal allergic rhinitis with ocular symptoms are effective in controlling of ocular symptoms. Among these, intranasal corticosteroids, which are used for allergic rhinitis, fluticasone furoate is more effective in relieving ocular symptoms in our study.

  7. Kabuki Syndrome: a case report with severe ocular abnormalities

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavio Mac Cord Medina

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by five fundamental features, the "Pentad of Niikawa": dysmorphic facies, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, mild to moderate mental retardation and postnatal growth deficiency. Patients present characteristic external ocular features, nonetheless they may also present significant ocular abnormalities. We report a case of a brazilian child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome, addressing the clinical features observed, with emphasis on the ocular manifestations. This case highlights the existence of this syndrome and all of its complexity. The identification of preventable causes of loss of vision underlines the value of detailed ophthalmologic examination of Kabuki syndrome patients.

  8. Ocular fibropapillomas of green turtles (Chelonia mydas).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brooks, D E; Ginn, P E; Miller, T R; Bramson, L; Jacobson, E R

    1994-05-01

    Histologic evaluation of four eyes from three stranded juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Florida, USA revealed ocular fibropapillomas composed of an overlying hyperplastic epithelium, various amounts of a thickened, well vascularized, collagenous stroma, and a moderate-to-dense population of reactive fibroblasts. The histologic morphology of the ocular fibropapillomas varied depending on whether the eyelid, conjunctiva, limbus, or cornea was the primary site of tumor origin. Fibropapillomas arising from the limbus, conjunctiva, or eyelid tended to be polyploid or pedunculated with a high degree of arborization. They often filled the conjunctival fornices and extended externally to be ulcerated on the distal aspects. Corneal fibropapillomas were more sessile and multinodular with less arborization. Some corneal tumors consisted primarily of a broad fibrovascular stroma and mild epithelial hyperplasia, whereas others had a markedly hyperplastic epithelium supported by stalks of fibrovascular stromal tissue. In green turtles ocular fibropapillomas may be locally invasive and associated with severe blindness and systemic debilitation.

  9. Preparation and ocular pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir liposomes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shen, Yan; Tu, Jiasheng

    2007-12-07

    Ophthalmic liposomes of ganciclovir (GCV) were prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method, and their ocular pharmacokinetics in albino rabbits were compared with those obtained after dosing with GCV solution. The in vitro transcorneal permeability of GCV liposomes was found to be 3.9-fold higher than that of the solution. After in vivo instillation in albino rabbits, no difference was found in the precorneal elimination rate of GCV from liposome vs solution dosing. The aqueous humor concentration-time profiles of both liposomes and solution were well described by 2-compartmental pharmacokinetics with first-order absorption. The area under the curve of the aqueous humor concentration-time profiles of GCV liposomes was found to be 1.7-fold higher than that of GCV solution. Ocular tissue distribution of GCV from liposomes was 2 to 10 times higher in the sclera, cornea, iris, lens, and vitreous humor when compared with those observed after solution dosing. These results suggested that liposomes may hold some promise in ocular GCV delivery.

  10. Treatment options for ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victoria Mary Lendrum Cohen

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Victoria Mary Lendrum CohenSt. Bartholomew’s and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London UKAbstract: Most lymphomas that involve the ocular adnexal structure are low grade, B cell, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. The treatment depends upon the grade and stage of the disease. High grade lymhoma requires treatment with systemic chemotherapy whereas the localized low grade (extranodal marginal zone lymphoma can be successfully managed with local radiotherapy. Chlamydia psittaci infection is associated with low grade ocular lymphoma; however there is wide geographic variation in the strength of this association. Blanket antibiotic therapy is not advised unless there is proof of an infective agent. The monoclonal antibody, rituximab, may be successful for CD20 positive lymphoma, although it is likely that rituximab will have better long-term results when used in combination with systemic chemotherapy.Keywords: ocular adnexal lymphoma, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, Chlamydia psittaci, rituximab, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

  11. Comprehensive Evaluation of dehydration impact on ocular tissue during Ramadan fasting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javad Heravian

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: The present study aimed to review the effect of dehydration during Ramadan fasting on the health and ocular parameters leading to changes in eye function. Methods: Articles included in the study were taken from Pub Med, Ovid, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to 2014.Related articles were also obtained from scientific journals in fasting and eye. Results: Dehydration and nutrition changes in Ramadan cause an increase in tear osmolarity, ocular aberration, anterior chamber depth, IOL measurement, central corneal thickness, retinal and choroidal thickness. And also a decrease in IOP, tear secretion, and vitreous thickness. Conclusion: Besides many research in relation to effect of dehydration impact on ocular parameters during Ramadan fasting, although the findings reveal it is associated with significant changes on ocular parameters. It seems requisite to have comprehensive study in "fasting and ocular parameters” which will be helpful in making decision and giving plan to the patients.

  12. Case Report: Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Associated with In Vitro Fertilization Procedures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoo, Yung Ju; Han, Sang Beom; Yang, Hee Kyung; Hwang, Jeong-Min

    2018-05-01

    Ocular myasthenia gravis is a localized form of myasthenia gravis, which is a postsynaptic disorder of the neuromuscular junction that causes fluctuating weakness of extraocular muscles resulting from autoimmune mechanisms. In women with myasthenia, changes in sex hormone levels and administration of corticosteroids can trigger or worsen symptoms of myasthenia gravis. To describe a case of seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis whose first symptom appeared a day after in vitro fertilization procedure. A 37-year-old woman suddenly developed mild ptosis and fluctuating diplopia that worsened in the evening. Before the development of symptoms, she had undergone in vitro fertilization procedure and had taken oral steroids. Ocular motility examination revealed an intermittent exotropia in primary gaze at both distance and near. The neostigmine test confirmed her diagnosis as ocular myasthenia gravis. When taking a history for young women with sudden onset of binocular diplopia, steroids and sex hormones should be taken into account, which may trigger or exacerbate symptoms of ocular myasthenia gravis.

  13. Incomplete response to artificial tears is associated with features of neuropathic ocular pain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galor, Anat; Batawi, Hatim; Felix, Elizabeth R; Margolis, Todd P; Sarantopoulos, Konstantinos D; Martin, Eden R; Levitt, Roy C

    2016-06-01

    Artificial tears are first-line therapy for patients with dry eye symptoms. It is not known, however, which patient factors associate with a positive response to therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether certain ocular and systemic findings are associated with a differential subjective response to artificial tears. Cross-sectional study of 118 individuals reporting artificial tears use (hypromellose 0.4%) to treat dry eye-associated ocular pain. An evaluation was performed to assess dry eye symptoms (via the dry eye questionnaire 5 and ocular surface disease index), ocular and systemic (non-ocular) pain complaints and ocular signs (tear osmolarity, tear breakup time, corneal staining, Schirmer testing with anaesthesia, and eyelid and meibomian gland assessment). The main outcome measures were factors associated with differential subjective response to artificial tears. By self-report, 23 patients reported no improvement, 73 partial improvement and 22 complete improvement in ocular pain with artificial tears. Patients who reported no or partial improvement in pain with artificial tears reported higher levels of hot-burning ocular pain and sensitivity to wind compared with those with complete improvement. Patients were also asked to rate the intensity of systemic pain elsewhere in the body (other than the eye). Patients who reported no or incomplete improvement with artificial tears had higher systemic pain scores compared with those with complete improvement. Both ocular and systemic (non-ocular) pain complaints are associated with a differential subjective response to artificial tears. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

  14. Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ocular Graft-versus-Host Disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saboo, Ujwala S; Amparo, Francisco; Abud, Tulio B; Schaumberg, Debra A; Dana, Reza

    2015-08-01

    To assess the vision-related quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of patients with ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Prospective study. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with chronic ocular GVHD. We assessed the vision-related QOL with the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). The symptoms of ocular GVHD were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) questionnaires. We assessed vision-related QOL with the NEI-VFQ-25 and compared the scores obtained from patients with ocular GVHD with those from a healthy population. In the ocular GVHD population, we also evaluated the associations between the NEI-VFQ-25 and the dry eye symptoms measured by the OSDI and SANDE questionnaires, age, duration of disease, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear break-up time, and Schirmer test. The mean composite NEI-VFQ-25 score in patients with ocular GVHD was 76.5±17. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with ocular GVHD reported reduced scores on all NEI-VFQ-25 subscales (each P vision (P = 0.11). The NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores significantly correlated with OSDI (R = -0.81, P vision-related QOL. This study highlights the impact of ocular GVHD on the vision-related QOL, and thus the importance of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Pediatric Ocular Manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Makurdi Benue State ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    A retrospective study of all the children aged 1-16 years, diagnosed cases of ... Visual acuity and Ocular diagnosis of all Seropositive HIV/AIDS children reviewed. ... HIV/AIDS were the major causes of ocular morbidity and visual impairment.

  16. Nanoparticles laden in situ gel for sustained ocular drug delivery

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Himanshu Gupta

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Proper availability of drug on to corneal surface is a challenging task. However, due to ocular physiological barriers, conventional eye drops display poor ocular bioavailability of drugs (< 1%. To improve precorneal residence time and ocular penetration, earlier our group developed and evaluated in situ gel and nanoparticles for ocular delivery. In interest to evaluate the combined effect of in situ gel and nanoparticles on ocular retention, we combined them. We are the first to term this combination as "nanoparticle laden in situ gel", that is, poly lactic co glycolic acid nanoparticle incorporated in chitosan in situ gel for sparfloxacin ophthalmic delivery. The formulation was tested for various physicochemical properties. It showed gelation pH near pH 7.2. The observation of acquired gamma camera images showed good retention over the entire precorneal area for sparfloxacin nanoparticle laden in situ gel (SNG as compared to marketed formulation. SNG formulation cleared at a very slow rate and remained at corneal surface for longer duration as no radioactivity was observed in systemic circulation. The developed formulation was found to be better in combination and can go up to the clinical evaluation and application.

  17. Aberrant ocular architecture and function in patients with Klinefelter syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brand, Cristin; Zitzmann, Michael; Eter, Nicole; Kliesch, Sabine; Wistuba, Joachim; Alnawaiseh, Maged; Heiduschka, Peter

    2017-10-13

    Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), the most common chromosomal disorder in men (47,XXY), is associated with numerous comorbidities. Based on a number of isolated case reports, we performed the first systematic and comprehensive evaluation of eye health in KS patients with a focus on ocular structure and vascularization. Twenty-one KS patients and 26 male and 38 female controls underwent a variety of non-invasive examinations investigating ocular morphology (examination of retinal thickness, optic nerve head, and cornea) and function (visual field testing and quantification of ocular vessel density by optical coherence tomography angiography). In comparison to healthy controls, KS patients exhibited a smaller foveal avascular zone and a decreased retinal thickness due to a drastically thinner outer nuclear layer. The cornea of KS patients showed a decreased peripheral thickness and volume. In perimetry evaluation, KS patients required brighter stimuli and gave more irregular values. KS patients show an ocular phenotype including morphological and functional features, which is very likely caused by the supernumerary X chromosome. Thus, KS should not be limited to infertility, endocrine dysfunction, neurocognitive and psychosocial comorbidities. Defining an aberrant ocular morphology and function, awareness for possible eye problems should be raised.

  18. Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Ocular Bartonellosis in Malaysia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Chai Lee; Fhun, Lai Chan; Tai, Evelyn Li Min; Abdul Gani, Nor Hasnida; Muhammed, Julieana; Tuan Jaafar, Tengku Norina; Ahmad Tajudin, Liza Sharmini; Wan Hitam, Wan-Hazabbah

    2017-01-01

    Background. Ocular bartonellosis can present in various ways, with variable visual outcome. There is limited data on ocular bartonellosis in Malaysia. Objective. We aim to describe the clinical presentation and visual outcome of ocular bartonellosis in Malaysia. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective review of patients treated for ocular bartonellosis in two ophthalmology centers in Malaysia between January 2013 and December 2015. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, supported by a positive Bartonella spp. serology. Results. Of the 19 patients in our series, females were predominant (63.2%). The mean age was 29.3 years. The majority (63.2%) had unilateral involvement. Five patients (26.3%) had a history of contact with cats. Neuroretinitis was the most common presentation (62.5%). Azithromycin was the antibiotic of choice (42.1%). Concurrent systemic corticosteroids were used in approximately 60% of cases. The presenting visual acuity was worse than 6/18 in approximately 60% of eyes; on final review, 76.9% of eyes had a visual acuity better than 6/18. Conclusion. Ocular bartonellosis tends to present with neuroretinitis. Azithromycin is a viable option for treatment. Systemic corticosteroids may be considered in those with poor visual acuity on presentation.

  19. Dry Eye: an Inflammatory Ocular Disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hessen, Michelle; Akpek, Esen Karamursel

    2014-01-01

    Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye, is a common ocular disease prompting millions of individuals to seek ophthalmological care. Regardless of the underlying etiology, dry eye has been shown to be associated with abnormalities in the pre-corneal tear film and subsequent inflammatory changes in the entire ocular surface including the adnexa, conjunctiva and cornea. Since the recognition of the role of inflammation in dry eye, a number of novel treatments have been investigated designed to inhibit various inflammatory pathways. Current medications that are used, including cyclosporine A, corticosteroids, tacrolimus, tetracycline derivatives and autologous serum, have been effective for management of dry eye and lead to measurable clinical improvement. PMID:25279127

  20. The Impact of Visual Guided Order Picking on Ocular Comfort, Ocular Surface and Tear Function.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angelika Klein-Theyer

    Full Text Available We investigated the effects of a visual picking system on ocular comfort, the ocular surface and tear function compared to those of a voice guided picking solution.Prospective, observational, cohort study.Institutional.A total of 25 young asymptomatic volunteers performed commissioning over 10 hours on two consecutive days.The operators were guided in the picking process by two different picking solutions, either visually or by voice while their subjective symptoms and ocular surface and tear function parameters were recorded.The visual analogue scale (VAS values, according to subjective dry eye symptoms, in the visual condition were significantly higher at the end of the commissioning than the baseline measurements. In the voice condition, the VAS values remained stable during the commissioning. The tear break-up time (BUT values declined significantly in the visual condition (pre-task: 16.6 sec and post-task: 9.6 sec in the right eyes, that were exposed to the displays, the left eyes in the visual condition showed only a minor decline, whereas the BUT values in the voice condition remained constant (right eyes or even increased (left eyes over the time. No significant differences in the tear meniscus height values before and after the commissioning were observed in either condition.In our study, the use of visually guided picking solutions was correlated with post-task subjective symptoms and tear film instability.

  1. Retrobulbar Hematoma from Warfarin Toxicity and the Limitations of Bedside Ocular Sonography

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-01

    worldwide. Peer Reviewed Title: Retrobulbar Hematoma from Warfarin Toxicity and the Limitations of Bedside Ocular Sonography Journal Issue: Western...Preferred Citation: Thompson D, Stanescu C, Pryor P, Laselle B. Retrobulbar Hematoma from Warfarin Toxicity and the Limitations of Bedside Ocular...nontrauamtic retrobulbar hematoma associated with warfarin toxicity. The application and limitations of focused bedside ocular sonography for this

  2. Analysis of clinical features of ocular presentation in cranial venous sinus thrombosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wang D

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background To recognize ocular presentations in cranial venous sinus thrombosis (CVST which were easy to be misdiagnosis. Design Retrospective study. Methods Review clinical informations including general informations, general performances, and ocular presentations of 118 inpatients with CVST in the general hospital of chinese people's liberation army during 2005-2009. Main Outcome Measures The ocular symptoms as the initial onset presentations or simultaneous phenomenon among different onset type patients were analyzed. Results Of all the CVST patients, 21.2% (25/118 presented with ocular symptom as the initial presentation, 30.5% (36/118 presented with ocular symptom as well as the other symptoms, and 48.3% (57/118 presented with non-ocular symptoms as the initial onset. The CVST patients were divided into 3 groups according to the onset type. There was no marked statistical significance among groups. The most common major complaints were blurring and degeneration of acute vision, accounting for 85.9% (61/71 of all abnormal ocular chief complaints. The most common objective sign in eyes was papilloedema, accounting for 48.3% (57/118 in this group of CVST patients. About 22.4% (13/58 showed acute vision deterioration at 1-year follow-up, due to optic atrophy. Conclusions As ophthalmologists, we should master the onset characteristics and clinical manifestations of CVST. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important for the prevention of vision deterioration, especially for patients with ocular syndrome as the initial onset syndrome. For isolated agnogenic intracranial hypertension, we should consider the possibility of CVST.

  3. El Boxeo, es el deporte con mayor frecuencia de trauma ocular Is Boxing the sports of highest ocular injure frequency

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustín Fernández Sánchez

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available El trauma ocular lo constituye cualquier lesión causada en el ojo por factores externos que no se relacionan con enfermedades del paciente. Las causas más frecuentes encontradas, son los accidentes domésticos, laborales y la práctica deportiva. En el caso específico del boxeo, existe una polémica en la que algunos afirman que con la medicina moderna, las nuevas reglas de arbitraje y las novedosas técnicas de entrenamiento, este deporte es casi inofensivo al que lo practique. Otros afirman que los traumatismos repetitivos provocan lesiones cerebrales responsables de la decadencia neuropsicológica de un gran número de pugilistas. Se revisaron 24 trabajos internacionales y un nacional (el único publicado hasta el momento. Se refieren estudios comparativos entre varios deportes 20 (80%, entre los cuales se observa que 17 (85% son deportes donde se refieren una gran cantidad de severos traumatismos oculares (football, hockey y squash; y se mantiene el boxeo en un lugar de baja incidencia con respecto a estos y a otros deportes. A partir de los resultados hasta ahora obtenidos, concluimos que el boxeo tiene una baja incidencia en la ocurrencia de traumatismos ocularesThe ocular injure is any eye lesion caused by external factors that are not related to the patient`s disease. The most common causes are domestic, work accidents and sports practicing. In the particular case of boxing, there is a controversy in which some state that the modern medicine, the new refereeing rules and the novel training techniques, this sports is almost harmless to the individuals practicing it. Other people say that repeated traumas bring about brain injures responsible for neuropsychological decline of a great number of boxers. Twenty four international and one national (the only one so far published papers were reviewed. Comparative studies among several sports 20 (80 % are mentioned; it was observed that 17 (85 % are sports where a great deal of severe ocular

  4. Ocular firework injuries at New Year's eve.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sacu, Stefan; Ségur-Eltz, Nikolaus; Stenng, Karin; Zehetmayer, Martin

    2002-01-01

    To prospectively study mechanisms and injury characteristics of ocular firework burns. A prospective analysis of all patients with firework injuries attending the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, between 1994 and 2001. We looked for classes of fireworks and mechanisms of injuries. The number of diagnoses was established and their severity classified. During this period (8 years) we identified 116 eyes of 102 patients. 67/102 (66%) of all injuries were caused by class II and III fireworks. Patients ranged between 4 and 83 years. Ocular injuries occurred more frequently in males (69, 68%) and affected the right eye in 53 patients (52.5%). Ocular firework injuries to minors (under the age of 18 years) occurred in 48 (49%). The most common types of injury were skin and corneal erosions and abrasions (32/116, 28%). 11/116 eyes (10%) had severe injuries. 8 of 11 severe injuries (72%) occurred in minors (<18 years). 2 patients (1.7%) developed permanent blindness. In 32/116 patients (28%), the ocular trauma resulted in visual impairment, mainly due to corneal scars or retinal pathologies. In all patients, the severity index was 1.4 +/- 0.8. In minors the severity index was 1.6 +/- 1.0, in adults 1.2 +/- 0.5 (p = 0.013). Injuries in minors were significantly more severe than those in adults. Possible preventive measures include legislation, education of minors and eye protection. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

  5. Goblet cells contribute to ocular surface immune tolerance—implications for dry eye disease

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Barbosa, Flavia L.; Xiao, Yangyan; Bian, Fang; Coursey, Terry G.; Ko, Byung Yi; Clevers, Hans; de Paiva, Cintia S.; Pflugfelder, Stephen C.

    2017-01-01

    Conjunctival goblet cell (GC) loss in dry eye is associated with ocular surface inflammation. This study investigated if conjunctival GCs contribute to ocular surface immune tolerance. Antigens applied to the ocular surface, imaged by confocal microscopy, passed into the conjunctival stroma through

  6. Goblet Cells Contribute to Ocular Surface Immune Tolerance-Implications for Dry Eye Disease

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Barbosa, Flavia L; Xiao, Yangyan; Bian, Fang; Coursey, Terry G; Ko, Byung Yi; Clevers, Hans; de Paiva, Cintia S; Pflugfelder, Stephen C

    2017-01-01

    Conjunctival goblet cell (GC) loss in dry eye is associated with ocular surface inflammation. This study investigated if conjunctival GCs contribute to ocular surface immune tolerance. Antigens applied to the ocular surface, imaged by confocal microscopy, passed into the conjunctival stroma through

  7. Ocular complications after external-beam irradiation - a literature overview

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ziolkowska, E.; Zarzycka, M.; Wisniewski, T.; Meller, A.

    2009-01-01

    Radiotherapy is one of the treatment methods applied to patients suffering from head and neck cancer. The efficiency of this method is comparable to surgery, yet it allows one to save the organ and avoid its permanent deformation. In the case of radiation not only the tumour is influenced but the surrounding, normal structures as well. Radiation causes deformation of normal structures as early or side effects. The aim of this study is to present plausible ocular complications after external beam irradiation of head and neck cancer, such as radiation- induced cataract, radiation retinopathy, dry-eye syndrome or radiation neuropathy. By the use of basic principles of radiotherapy planning we can avoid or minimize possible ocular complications occurring after irradiation. The treatment of ocular complications is difficult and very often does not give the expected outcome. Therefore, in such cases in order to restore vision surgery is required. This study shows that radiotherapy can be helpful but can increase the risk of occurrence of some ocular complications. (authors)

  8. Ocular toxocariasis in a child: A case report from Kashmir, north India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fomda B

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Toxocariasis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the second stage larva of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati . The typical clinical syndromes of toxocariasis in humans are visceral and ocular toxocariasis. Ocular toxocariasis may presents as peripheral inflammatory mass, posterior pole granuloma and endophthalmitis. We report a serologically confirmed case of ocular toxocariasis in 12-year-old female. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of anti- Toxocara antibodies in aqueous and vitreous sample by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We suggest that ophthalmologist in this region should include ocular toxocariasis in differential diagnosis particularly in children and young adults.

  9. Ocular manifestations of systematic lupus erythematosus in children

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Mayouf, Sulaiman M.; Al-Hemidan, Amal I.

    2003-01-01

    To determine the prevalence and spectrum of ocular manifestations in children with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to examine the correlation of the ocular manifestations with disease activity , other organ involvement and the presence of circulating of autoantibodies. This study was performed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from June 2002 to November 2002. It included detailed eye examination, measuring circulating autoantibodies (antinuclear,anti phospholipid antibodies) and circulation of SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). 52 consecutive children (45 females) with SLE completed the evaluation .The mean age of the patients was 11.3 years and the mean SLEDAI was 9.5 Thirty patients (57.7%) had the disease for more than 1 year. 18 patients(34.6%) had ocular manifestations.7 patients had abnormal . Schirmer's test. 5 patients had ratinal vascular lesions. 1 patient had bilateral iridocyclitis. 3 patients had unilateral optic neuropathy and 11 patients had visual field defects.Fisher extract test revealed positive correlation between optic neuropathy and central nervous system(CNS) involvement. There was no correlation among other variables; probably due to sample size. Ocular manifestations including sight threatening complications are not rare in children with SLE.Optic neuropathy had a strong prediction for CNS lupus. (author)

  10. New Developments in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayşe Yağcı

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Ocular surface squamous neoplasia originates from conjunctiva epithelium and covers a broad spectrum of disease ranging from dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical features may vary from case to case. Traditional treatment of excision with no-touch technique combined with adjuvant therapies because of high recurrence rate. Main adjuvant treatments are cryotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, clinical forms, differential diagnosis, American Joint Committee on Cancer classification and recent approaches to the management of ocular surface squamous dysplasia were described. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: Supplement 8-14

  11. Long term ocular and neurological involvement in severe congenital toxoplasmosis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Meenken, C.; Assies, J.; van Nieuwenhuizen, O.; Holwerda-van der Maat, W. G.; van Schooneveld, M. J.; Delleman, W. J.; Kinds, G.; Rothova, A.

    1995-01-01

    This study was set up to determine the long term ocular and systemic sequelae in patients with severe congenital toxoplasmosis. Cross sectional and retrospective study of 17 patients with severe congenital toxoplasmosis. In addition to chorioretinitis (100%), the most common abnormal ocular features

  12. Ocular manifestations in the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shivcharan L Chandravanshi

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGP syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children. The word progeria is derived from the Greek word progeros meaning ′prematurely old′. It is caused by de novo dominant mutation in the LMNA gene (gene map locus 1q21.2 and characterized by growth retardation and accelerated degenerative changes of the skin, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. The most common ocular manifestations are prominent eyes, loss of eyebrows and eyelashes, and lagophthalmos. In the present case some additional ocular features such as horizontal narrowing of palpebral fissure, superior sulcus deformity, upper lid retraction, upper lid lag in down gaze, poor pupillary dilatation, were noted. In this case report, a 15-year-old Indian boy with some additional ocular manifestations of the HGP syndrome is described.

  13. Criptococose canina: relato de caso Canine ocular cryptococcosis: a case report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.E. Larsson

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se, pela primeira vez no Brasil, um caso de criptococose canina com acometimento oftalmo e dermatopático, com diagnóstico intra-vitam, em animal da raça Pastor Alemão, fêmea, com 24 meses de vida, criado em São Paulo, em contacto com outros cinco cães assintomáticos, que havia se infectado pelo contato com dejetos de pombos (Columba livia. Evoluia há 90 dias, com quadro tegumentar e ósseo, sintomas e lesões características, sendo, ainda, detectada forma assintomática de coriorretinite, de início unilateral. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido pelos dados da anamnese, dos exames físico, dermatológico e complementares (radiográfico, cultivo micológico, histopatologia de pele tendo-se evidenciado e isolado cepa de Criptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. Após nove meses de terapia com itraconazol (9mg/kg/SID/VO houve involução total do quadro, sem qualquer efeito adverso à droga.A case of cryptococcosis with ocular and cutaneous involvement is reported by the first time in Brazil in a dog. A two-year-old female German Shepherd living in a hold house with other five healthy dogs was infected through the contact with pigeon (Columba livia feces. The illness started 90 days previously with cutaneous and bone involvement resulting in characteristic clinical signs and lesions, in addition to a initially unilateral asymptomatic chorioretinitis. The diagnosis was established based on anamnesis, physical and dermatologic examinations and complementary exams (radiographs, skin biopsy and histopathology and the isolation of a Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans strain was accomplished. There was a complete resolution of the disease after nine months of therapy using itraconazole (9mg/kg, q24h, PO and no side effect was observed.

  14. Utility of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in aqueous humor in the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mihailovic-Vucinic, Violeta; Popevic, Ljubica; Popevic, Spasoje; Stjepanovic, Mihailo; Aleksic, Andjelka; Stanojevic-Paovic, Anka

    2017-10-01

    Many studies include elevated activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in serum in sarcoidosis and in ocular sarcoidosis as well, but there are only a few analyzing ACE activities in aqueous humor. The aim of this study is to illuminate the diagnostic value of ACE in aqueous humor in patients with ocular sarcoidosis. We analyzed twenty patients with ocular sarcoidosis and 18 patients with nonocular involvement. All patients have biopsy-positive sarcoidosis of the lungs and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Blood samples for ACE serum levels were obtained from all patients. Aqueous humor samples were taken by paracentesis with a 25-gauge needle in local anesthesia. With appropriate statistical tests, we compared ACE activity in serum and aqueous humor in patients with and without ocular sarcoidosis. The majority of our patients with ocular sarcoidosis were female (12/20), also in the group with systemic sarcoidosis and without ocular involvement (12/6). Mean age of the whole analyzed group of sarcoidosis patients was 45 ± 6 years. There is no statistically significant difference in ACE activity in serum between two groups of patients (with and without ocular sarcoidosis). There is statistically significant difference in ACE activity in aqueous humor among patients with ocular and nonocular sarcoidosis. ACE activity in aqueous humor is significantly higher in patients with ocular sarcoidosis. Increased ACE activity in aqueous humor can point to a diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis, without the need for ocular biopsy.

  15. Identificação laboratorial dos patógenos oculares mais freqüentes e sua suscetibilidade in vitro aos agentes antimicrobianos Laboratory identification of the most frequent ocular pathogens and their in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliane Uesugui

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Estabelecer os agentes mais comumente isolados nas ceratites, conjuntivites e endoftalmites no Laboratório de Microbiologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, assim como determinar o perfil de sensibilidade destes agentes aos antibióticos. Métodos: Realizamos estudo retrospectivo analisando todos os prontuários oftalmológicos do banco de dados do Laboratório de Microbiologia da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Foram coletados os dados de todos os pacientes submetidos à colheita de material ocular nos últimos 5 anos (1994-1999. Selecionamos para o estudo apenas os pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de conjuntivite, ceratite e endoftalmite. Os respectivos antibiogramas foram realizados e somente dados de antibiótico com aplicação em oftalmologia foram analisados. Resultados: Dos 568 casos pesquisados, foram encontrados 282 casos de ceratite bacteriana (49,6%, 214 de conjuntivites (37,7%, 72 de endoftalmites (12,7%. Obtivemos cultura negativa em 333 casos (58,9%. O agente mais freqüentemente isolado foi S. aureus (73 casos; 31,0%. Nas conjuntivites, o segundo agente mais freqüente foi Candida sp (6,6% e 38,3% das culturas foram negativas. Nas ceratites, Pseudomonas aeruginosa apresentou 3,9% de positividade. Nas endoftalmites, nas quais houve apenas 32% de positividade, o segundo agente mais freqüente foi o S. pneumoniae (4,2%. Conclusão: Culturas negativas foram achado mais freqüente. Quando nos deparamos com uma infecção ocular, as chances de o causador ser S. aureus são muito grandes, portanto antes mesmo de se obter o resultado da cultura, tratamento que inclua S. aureus pode ser indicado.Purpose: To establish the most frequently isolated agents in keratitis, conjunctivitis and endophthalmitis by the Laboratory of Microbiology/ Santa Casa of São Paulo, and to determine their antimicrobial sensitivity. Methods: A retrospective study including all ophthalmologic charts of the Laboratory of Microbiology/ Santa

  16. Neuroradiology in the ocular motility disorders : II. nuclear and infranuclear pathway

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Hyung Jin; Kim, Jae Hyoung; Ha, Choong Gun; Lim, Myung Kwan; Cho, Young Kuk; Suh, Chang Hae

    1999-01-01

    The nuclear and infranuclear pathway of eye movement begins from the ocular motor nuclei situated in the brain stem, where the axons originate and form three ocular motor nerves. Although each of the ocular motor nerves follows a distinct route to reach the end organ, the extraocular muscles, they also have common housings in the cavernous sinus and at the orbital apex, where part or all of them are frequently and simultaneously affected by a common disease process. Since the fine details of normal and diseased structures can frequently be seen on radiologic imaging, especially magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a knowledge of the basic anatomy involved in nuclear and infranuclear eye movement is important. In this description, in addition to the normal nuclear and infranuclear pathway of eye movement, we have noted the radiologic findings of typical diseases involving each segment of the nuclear and infranuclear pathway, particularly as seen on magnetic resonance images. Brief comments on ocular motor pseudopalsy, which mimics ocular motor palsy, are also included

  17. Hutchinson's sign as a marker of ocular involvement in HIVpositive ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background. A positive Hutchinsonfs sign indicates an increased risk of ocular involvement in herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). We examined the sensitivity of Hutchinsonfs sign as an indicator of ocular involvement in a consecutive series of patients presenting with HZO. Methods. We conducted a descriptive ...

  18. Ocular injuries and eye care seeking patterns following injuries among cocoa farmers in Ghana.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bert, Boadi-Kusi Samuel; Rekha, Hansraj; Percy, Mashige Khathutshelo

    2016-03-01

    The work environment of cocoa farmers exposes them to several ocular hazards that predispose them to eye diseases and injuries. However, the extent of ocular injuries and health seeking patterns following these injuries are unknown among cocoa farmers in Ghana. To determine the prevalence of ocular injuries and health seeking behaviour following injury among cocoa farmers in Ghana. Five hundred and fifty six participants were recruited through simple random sampling using a multistage approach from four cocoa growing districts in Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information such as demography, ocular hazards and injuries experienced. An ocular examination was also conducted to assess the eye health of the participants. Descriptive and regression statistics were used to analyze the data. The rate of ocular injuries was calculated by using the number of injuries reported that resulted in lost work time/days divided by the number of worker years at risk of injury (sum of years worked in cocoa farms for all the participants). The rate of ocular injuries was 11.3/1000 worker years (95% CI: 9.4 - 31) which led to lost work time of 37.3/1000 worker years (95% CI: 34.1 - 40.8). The major causes of ocular injury were plants/branches (n=73, 51.1%), chemicals (n=27, 18.9%), cocoa pod/husk (n=14, 9.8%) and occurred mostly during weeding, harvesting and chemical spraying. Few (n=34, 6.1%) participants reported the use of ocular protection. Fifty-five (38.5%) participants visited the local chemical shops, while 37 (25.9%) visited hospitals/clinics for ocular treatment of their injuries. There is a high rate of ocular injuries among cocoa farmers who make insufficient use of appropriate eye care services. There is the need for eye health education among cocoa farmers in Ghana.

  19. Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vignesh AP

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Ammapati Paul Pandian Vignesh, Renuka Srinivasan Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India Purpose: To study the ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and to correlate the role of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP antibody with the ocular manifestations.Methods: Three-hundred and ninety-two eyes of the 196 rheumatoid arthritis patients who attended the ophthalmology outpatient department underwent a detailed ocular examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. The tear function of all the patients was assessed using Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time and ocular surface staining. The anti-CCP antibody titers for all the rheumatoid arthritis patients were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests.Results: Seventy-seven patients (135 eyes, 39% out of the 196 patients studied had ocular manifestations typical of rheumatoid arthritis. Dry eye was the most common manifestation (28%, 54 patients. Of the patients, 78% was females (60 patients. The mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with ocular manifestations was 5.4±2.7 years and without ocular manifestations was 2.1±1.6years. Three percent of the patients had episcleritis (six patients. Scleritis was present in 2% of the patients (four patients. Peripheral ulcerative keratitis and sclerosing keratitis was present in 1% of the population each (two patients each. Eighty-five percent (66 patients had bilateral manifestations 15% (eleven patients had unilateral manifestations. There was a strong association between the presence of anti-CCP antibodies and ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis which was shown by the statistically significant P-value of <0.0001.Conclusion: Ocular manifestations are a significant part of the extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Dry eye was the most common ocular manifestation. There was a

  20. Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Ocular Bartonellosis in Malaysia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chai Lee Tan

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Ocular bartonellosis can present in various ways, with variable visual outcome. There is limited data on ocular bartonellosis in Malaysia. Objective. We aim to describe the clinical presentation and visual outcome of ocular bartonellosis in Malaysia. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective review of patients treated for ocular bartonellosis in two ophthalmology centers in Malaysia between January 2013 and December 2015. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, supported by a positive Bartonella spp. serology. Results. Of the 19 patients in our series, females were predominant (63.2%. The mean age was 29.3 years. The majority (63.2% had unilateral involvement. Five patients (26.3% had a history of contact with cats. Neuroretinitis was the most common presentation (62.5%. Azithromycin was the antibiotic of choice (42.1%. Concurrent systemic corticosteroids were used in approximately 60% of cases. The presenting visual acuity was worse than 6/18 in approximately 60% of eyes; on final review, 76.9% of eyes had a visual acuity better than 6/18. Conclusion. Ocular bartonellosis tends to present with neuroretinitis. Azithromycin is a viable option for treatment. Systemic corticosteroids may be considered in those with poor visual acuity on presentation.

  1. Contribution of the maculo-ocular reflex to gaze stability in the rabbit.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pettorossi, V E; Errico, P; Santarelli, R M

    1991-01-01

    The contribution of the maculo-ocular reflex to gaze stability was studied in 10 pigmented rabbits by rolling the animals at various angles of sagittal inclination of the rotation and/or longitudinal animal axes. At low frequencies (0.005-0.01 Hz) of sinusoidal stimulation the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was due to macular activation, while at intermediate and high frequencies it was mainly due to ampullar activation. The following results were obtained: 1) maculo-ocular reflex gain decreased as a function of the cosine of the angle between the rotation axis and the earth's horizontal plane. No change in gain was observed when longitudinal animal axis alone was inclined. 2) At 0 degrees of rotation axis and with the animal's longitudinal axis inclination also set at 0 degrees, the maculo-ocular reflex was oriented about 20 degrees forward and upward with respect to the earth's vertical axis. This orientation remained constant with sagittal inclinations of the rotation and/or longitudinal animal axes ranging from approximately 5 degrees upward to 30 degrees downward. When the longitudinal animal axis was inclined beyond these limits, the eye trajectory tended to follow the axis inclination. In the upside down position, the maculo-ocular reflex was anticompensatory, oblique and fixed with respect to orbital coordinates. 3) Ampullo-ocular reflex gain did not change with inclinations of the rotation and/or longitudinal animal axes. The ocular responses were consistently oriented to the stimulus plane. At intermediate frequencies the eye movement trajectory was elliptic because of directional differences between the ampullo- and maculo-ocular reflexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  2. Autologous serum for ocular surface diseases Soro autólogo para doenças da superfície ocular

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    Guilherme Goulart Quinto

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Autologous serum has been used to treat dry eye syndrome for many years. It contains several growth factors, vitamins, fibronectin and other components that have been considered important for corneal and conjunctival integrity. Serum eye drops are usually prepared as an unpreserved blood solution. The serum is by nature well tolerated and its biochemical properties are somewhat similar to natural tears. Autologous serum eye drops have been reported to be effective for the treatment of severe dry eye-related ocular surface disorders (Sjögren's syndrome, and also other entities such as superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, graft-versus-host disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, recurrent or persistent corneal erosions, neurotrophic keratopathy, Mooren's ulcer, aniridic keratopathy, filtering blebs after trabeculectomy, and post-keratorefractive surgery. The purpose of this study is to review the recently published literature on ocular surface diseases treated with human autologous serum eye drops.O soro autólogo tem sido adotado como uma nova abordagem para tratar síndrome do olho seco porque contém vitaminas, alguns fatores de crecimento e fibronectina que são considerados importantes contribuintes para integridade corneana e conjuntival. Colírio de soro autólogo é produzido sem preservativo. O soro é não-alérgico e suas propriedades bioquímicas são similares à lágrima. O soro autólogo tópico tem sido relatado efetivo para o tratamento de olho seco grave relacionado a distúrbios da superfície ocular como na síndrome de Sjögren, ceratoconjuntivite límbica superior, doença do enxerto versus hospedeiro, síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, procedimentos cerato-refrativos, erosão corneana persistente ou recorrente, ceratopatia neurotrófica, úlcera de Mooren, ceratopatia associada à aniridia, e bolhas filtrantes após trabeculectomia. O objetivo do presente estudo é revisar a literatura recentemente

  3. Experimental models of autoimmune inflammatory ocular diseases

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    Fabio Gasparin

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Ocular inflammation is one of the leading causes of blindness and loss of vision. Human uveitis is a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation of intraocular tissues. The eye may be the only organ involved, or uveitis may be part of a systemic disease. A significant number of cases are of unknown etiology and are labeled idiopathic. Animal models have been developed to the study of the physiopathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis due to the difficulty in obtaining human eye inflamed tissues for experiments. Most of those models are induced by injection of specific photoreceptors proteins (e.g., S-antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, rhodopsin, recoverin, phosducin. Non-retinal antigens, including melanin-associated proteins and myelin basic protein, are also good inducers of uveitis in animals. Understanding the basic mechanisms and pathogenesis of autoimmune ocular diseases are essential for the development of new treatment approaches and therapeutic agents. The present review describes the main experimental models of autoimmune ocular inflammatory diseases.

  4. Indirect carotid cavernous fistula mimicking ocular myasthenia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leishangthem, Lakshmi; Satti, Sudhakar Reddy

    2017-10-19

    71-year-old woman with progressive left-sided, monocular diplopia and ptosis. Her symptoms mimicked ocular myasthenia, but she had an indirect carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). She was diagnosed with monocular myasthenia gravis (negative acetylcholinesterase antibody) after a positive ice test and started on Mestinon and underwent a thymectomy complicated by a brachial plexus injury. Months later, she developed left-sided proptosis and ocular bruit. She was urgently referred to neuro-interventional surgery and was diagnosed with an indirect high-flow left CCF, which was treated with Onyx liquid and platinum coil embolisation. Mestinon was discontinued. Her ophthalmic symptoms resolved. However, she was left with a residual left arm and hand hemiparesis and dysmetria secondary to a brachial plexus injury. Indirect CCF usually can present with subtle and progressive symptoms leading to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. It is important for ophthalmologists to consider this differential in a patient with progressive ocular symptoms. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  5. Prevalence of Ocular Morbidity Among School Adolescents of Gandhinagar District, Gujarat

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    Prakash Prajapati,

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To study the prevalence of ocular morbidity (abnormal condition and various factors affecting it among school attending adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to study abnormal ocular conditions like refractive errors, vitamin A deficiency, conjunctivitis, trachoma, ocular trauma, blephritis, stye, color blindness and pterygium among school adolescents of 10-19 years age in rural and urban areas of Gandhinagar district from January to July, 2009. Systematic sampling was done to select 20 schools having 6th to 12th standard education including 12 schools from rural and 8 from urban areas. Six adolescents from each age year (10-19 were selected randomly to achieve sample size of 60 from each school. In total, 1206 adolescents including 691 boys and 515 girls were selected. Information was collected from selected adolescents by using proforma. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen’s chart and all participants underwent an ophthalmic examination carried out by a trained doctor. Results: Prevalence of ocular morbidity among school adolescents was reported 13% (7.8% in boys, 5.6% in girls; with 5.2% have moderate visual impairment. Refractive error was most common ocular morbidity (40% both among boys and girls. Almost 30% of boys and girls reported vitamin A deficiency in various forms of xerophthalmia. Prevalence of night blindness was 0.91% and of Bitot`s spot 1.74%. Various factors like, illiterate or lower parents’ education, lower socio-economic class and malnutrition were significantly associated with ocular morbidity. Conclusion: Ocular morbidity in adolescents is mainly due to refractive error, moderate visual impairment and xerophthalmia.

  6. Design and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Novel Antibody Formats for Ocular Therapeutics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gadkar, Kapil; Pastuskovas, Cinthia V; Le Couter, Jennifer E; Elliott, J Michael; Zhang, Jianhuan; Lee, Chingwei V; Sanowar, Sarah; Fuh, Germaine; Kim, Hok Seon; Lombana, T Noelle; Spiess, Christoph; Nakamura, Makia; Hass, Phil; Shatz, Whitney; Meng, Y Gloria; Scheer, Justin M

    2015-08-01

    To design and select the next generation of ocular therapeutics, we performed a comprehensive ocular and systemic pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of a variety of antibodies and antibody fragments, including a novel-designed bispecific antibody. Molecules were administrated via intravitreal (IVT) or intravenous (IV) injections in rabbits, and antibody concentrations in each tissue were determined by ELISA. A novel mathematical model was developed to quantitate the structure-PK relationship. After IVT injection, differences in vitreal half-life observed across all molecules ranged between 3.2 and 5.2 days. Modification or elimination of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region reduced serum half-life from 9 days for the IgG to 5 days for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) null mAb, to 3.1 to 3.4 days for the other formats. The F(ab')2 was the optimal format for ocular therapeutics with comparable vitreal half-life to full-length antibodies, but with minimized systemic exposure. Concomitantly, the consistency among mathematical model predictions and observed data validated the model for future PK predictions. In addition, we showed a novel design to develop bispecific antibodies, here with activity targeting multiple angiogenesis pathways. We demonstrated that protein molecular weight and Fc region do not play a critical role in ocular PK, as they do systemically. Moreover, the mathematical model supports the selection of the "ideal therapeutic" by predicting ocular and systemic PK of any antibody format for any dose regimen. These findings have important implications for the design and selection of ocular therapeutics according to treatment needs, such as maximizing ocular half-life and minimizing systemic exposure.

  7. Ocular melanoma: Detection using iodine-123-iodoamphetamine and SPECT imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dewey, S.H.; Leonard, J.C.

    1990-01-01

    Uptake of iodine-123-iodoamphetamine has been demonstrated in malignant melanoma using planar imaging techniques and has been used to detect an ocular melanoma at 12 hr postinjection. Using SPECT technique, an ocular melanoma is identified in a 64-yr-old male at 1 hr postinjection

  8. Assessment of the virtual guide on eye self-examination in the context of HIV/AIDS Evaluación de la cartilla para el autoexamen ocular en el contexto del VIH/Sida Avaliação de cartilha para o autoexame ocular no contexto do HIV/AIDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jennara Candido Nascimento

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of a virtual guide with a view to promoting eye health. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with 130 HIV/AIDS patients from an ambulatory unit between May and August/2010. The data was collected through interviews and observation, using three forms that addressed the socioeconomic profile, understanding and performing the virtual guide eye self-examination. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ² and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests. It was considered statistically significant p 0.140, excepting only the evaluation of the right eyelid. CONCLUSION: The virtual guide helped developing proper eye self-exam, enabling people to notice alterations in their eyes.OBJETIVO: Analizar la eficacia de una cartilla con vistas a la promoción de la salud ocular. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, desarrollado con 130 portadores del VIH/Sida, atendidos en un consultorio externo, entre Mayo y Agosto/2010. La recolección de los datos fue realizada por medio de entrevista y observación, utilizándose tres formularios que abordaron el perfil socioeconómico, el entendimiento de la cartilla y la realización del autoexamen ocular. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva, test de χ2 y Fisher-Freeman-Halton. Se consideraron como estadísticamente significativos aquellos con p0,140, exceptuando la evaluación del párpado derecho. CONCLUSIÓN: La cartilla ayudó en el desarrollo adecuado del autoexamen ocular, permitiendo a las personas conocer las alteraciones en el ojo.OBJETIVO: Analisar a eficácia de uma cartilha com vistas à promoção da saúde ocular. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 130 portadores do HIV/aids, atendidos em um ambulatório, entre maio e agosto/2010. A coleta foi realizada por meio de entrevista e observação, utilizando-se três formulários que abordaram o perfil socioeconômico, o entendimento da cartilha e a realização do autoexame ocular. Os

  9. Alterações oculares em crianças pré-escolares e escolares no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Eye diseases in preschool and school children in the city of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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    Abelardo de Souza Couto Júnior

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a prevalência das alterações oculares, no ano de 2001, em crianças pré-escolares e escolares no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal, durante campanha de saúde ocular na rede pública de ensino. Crianças com acuidade visual inferior a 0,8 ou com anormalidades foram triadas por voluntários treinados para serem avaliadas por oftalmologistas no Instituto Benjamin Constant. RESULTADOS: Avaliadas 1.800 crianças do total. Destas, 609 (33,83% foram encaminhadas ao IBC. Houve 491 (27,28% do total e 80,62% das crianças triadas que receberam alta por apresentarem visão melhor que 0,8. A prevalência das alterações oculares foi de 3,35%. (ambliopia teve prevalência de 2,00%, estrabismo teve 0,33% e outras causas 1,02%.. Houve 93 crianças (5,17% do total e 15,27% das crianças triadas com ametropias que necessitaram de correção através de óculos. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstrou-se a prevalência das principais alterações oftalmológicas infantis no município de Duque de Caxias e ressaltou-se a necessidade de campanhas para bom êxito no desenvolvimento da acuidade visual das crianças.PURPOSE: To establish the prevalence of the ametropias and eye diseases, in the year 2001, within a preschool and school children in the city of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Transversal observational study during an ocular health campaign in public education schools. The children that have shown visual acuity lower than 0.8 or other abnormally were referred by trained volunteers to evaluation by ophthalmologists from the Benjamin Constant Institute. RESULTS: From the 1.800 children who were examined, 609 (33.83% were referred to the ophthalmologic examination. There were 491 children (27.28% from total and 80.62% from referred that were dismissed for presenting visual acuity better than 0.8. The Eye diseases prevalence was 3.35% (amblyopia was 2

  10. Practice Patterns Analysis of Ocular Proton Therapy Centers: The International OPTIC Survey

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hrbacek, Jan; Mishra, Kavita K.; Kacperek, Andrzej; Dendale, Remi; Nauraye, Catherine; Auger, Michel; Herault, Joel; Daftari, Inder K.; Trofimov, Alexei V.; Shih, Helen A.; Chen, Yen-Lin E.; Denker, Andrea; Heufelder, Jens; Horwacik, Tomasz; Swakoń, Jan; Hoehr, Cornelia; Duzenli, Cheryl; Pica, Alessia; Goudjil, Farid; Mazal, Alejandro

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: To assess the planning, treatment, and follow-up strategies worldwide in dedicated proton therapy ocular programs. Methods and Materials: Ten centers from 7 countries completed a questionnaire survey with 109 queries on the eye treatment planning system (TPS), hardware/software equipment, image acquisition/registration, patient positioning, eye surveillance, beam delivery, quality assurance (QA), clinical management, and workflow. Results: Worldwide, 28,891 eye patients were treated with protons at the 10 centers as of the end of 2014. Most centers treated a vast number of ocular patients (1729 to 6369). Three centers treated fewer than 200 ocular patients. Most commonly, the centers treated uveal melanoma (UM) and other primary ocular malignancies, benign ocular tumors, conjunctival lesions, choroidal metastases, and retinoblastomas. The UM dose fractionation was generally within a standard range, whereas dosing for other ocular conditions was not standardized. The majority (80%) of centers used in common a specific ocular TPS. Variability existed in imaging registration, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rarely being used in routine planning (20%). Increased patient to full-time equivalent ratios were observed by higher accruing centers (P=.0161). Generally, ophthalmologists followed up the post–radiation therapy patients, though in 40% of centers radiation oncologists also followed up the patients. Seven centers had a prospective outcomes database. All centers used a cyclotron to accelerate protons with dedicated horizontal beam lines only. QA checks (range, modulation) varied substantially across centers. Conclusions: The first worldwide multi-institutional ophthalmic proton therapy survey of the clinical and technical approach shows areas of substantial overlap and areas of progress needed to achieve sustainable and systematic management. Future international efforts include research and development for imaging and planning software upgrades

  11. Practice Patterns Analysis of Ocular Proton Therapy Centers: The International OPTIC Survey

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hrbacek, Jan, E-mail: Jan.hrbacek@psi.ch [Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland); Mishra, Kavita K. [Ocular Tumor Proton Therapy Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (United States); Kacperek, Andrzej [National Proton Therapy Centre, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebington (United Kingdom); Dendale, Remi; Nauraye, Catherine; Auger, Michel [Centre de Protonthérapie d' Orsay, Institut Curie, Orsay (France); Herault, Joel [Centre Lacassagne, Nice (France); Daftari, Inder K. [Ocular Tumor Proton Therapy Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (United States); Trofimov, Alexei V.; Shih, Helen A.; Chen, Yen-Lin E. [F. H. Burr Proton Therapy Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (United States); Denker, Andrea [Protons for Therapy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin (Germany); Heufelder, Jens [BerlinProtonen am HZB, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (Germany); Horwacik, Tomasz; Swakoń, Jan [Institute of Nuclear Physic, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland); Hoehr, Cornelia; Duzenli, Cheryl [BC Cancer Agency – TRIUMF, Vancouver (Canada); Pica, Alessia [Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland); Goudjil, Farid; Mazal, Alejandro [Centre de Protonthérapie d' Orsay, Institut Curie, Orsay (France); and others

    2016-05-01

    Purpose: To assess the planning, treatment, and follow-up strategies worldwide in dedicated proton therapy ocular programs. Methods and Materials: Ten centers from 7 countries completed a questionnaire survey with 109 queries on the eye treatment planning system (TPS), hardware/software equipment, image acquisition/registration, patient positioning, eye surveillance, beam delivery, quality assurance (QA), clinical management, and workflow. Results: Worldwide, 28,891 eye patients were treated with protons at the 10 centers as of the end of 2014. Most centers treated a vast number of ocular patients (1729 to 6369). Three centers treated fewer than 200 ocular patients. Most commonly, the centers treated uveal melanoma (UM) and other primary ocular malignancies, benign ocular tumors, conjunctival lesions, choroidal metastases, and retinoblastomas. The UM dose fractionation was generally within a standard range, whereas dosing for other ocular conditions was not standardized. The majority (80%) of centers used in common a specific ocular TPS. Variability existed in imaging registration, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rarely being used in routine planning (20%). Increased patient to full-time equivalent ratios were observed by higher accruing centers (P=.0161). Generally, ophthalmologists followed up the post–radiation therapy patients, though in 40% of centers radiation oncologists also followed up the patients. Seven centers had a prospective outcomes database. All centers used a cyclotron to accelerate protons with dedicated horizontal beam lines only. QA checks (range, modulation) varied substantially across centers. Conclusions: The first worldwide multi-institutional ophthalmic proton therapy survey of the clinical and technical approach shows areas of substantial overlap and areas of progress needed to achieve sustainable and systematic management. Future international efforts include research and development for imaging and planning software upgrades

  12. Haematological, ocular and skeletal abnormalities in a Samoyed family

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aroch, I.; Ofri, R.; Aizenberg, I.

    1996-01-01

    Haematological, ocular and skeletal abnormalities were documented in a samoyed male and its five offspring. Haematological abnormalities, found in repeated tests in all the dogs, included marked eosinophilia, eosinophilic bands and absence of Barr bodies. Two of the dogs had bilateral buphthalmia, retinal detachments and other ocular abnormalities. Three of the dogs had skeletal abnormalities including chondrodysplasia (dwarfism) and brachygnathia (undershot jaw). A similar combination of inherited skeletal and ocular disorders, without the haematological abnormalities, has been described in samoyeds. Acquired causes for the haematological findings, which are similar to the inherited Pelger-Huët anomaly described in several species, have been eliminated. Eosinophilic bands and scarcity of Barr bodies could be a marker, or a previously unreported manifestation, of an inherited disorder in samoyeds

  13. Patterns of ocular trauma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Babar, T.F.; Khan, M.T.; Marwat, M.; Shah, A.; Murad, Y.; Khan, M.D.

    2007-01-01

    To describe the patterns of ocular trauma, cause of injury and its effects on eye. A retrospective case series. Medical records of 1105 patients admitted with ocular trauma were reviewed. The details of patients regarding age, gender, literacy, cause of injury and its effects on eye were entered into specially-designed performa. Sample selection consisted of all patients with history of ocular trauma and who were admitted to hospital. Population details consisted patients who were referred to the hospital from all parts of N.W.F.P. Thus, the frequency of trauma in the hospital admissions was analysed. Ophthalmic trauma comprised 6.78% of the hospital admission. One thousand one hundred and five patients presented with eye injuries. Out of them, 21 patients suffered from trauma to both eyes. Almost 80% patients were male and 69% patients were below 30 years of age. Delayed presentation was more common and 63.61% patients presented after one week. Open globe injuries were more common (520 eyes (46.18%)) than closed globe injuries (484 eyes (42.98%)). 23.26% of open globe injuries were associated with intraocular and intra-orbital foreign bodies. Superficial non-perforating, eyelid and adnexal and burns were seen in 122 eyes (10.83%). Among the complications, lens damage and hyphema was seen in more than 50% of the patients, 16.60% eyes were infected at the time of admission and 4.88% of eyes needed enucleation or evisceration. The common causes of injury were violence in 37.37%, occupational in 24.43% and domestic accidents in 19.18%. Ophthalmic trauma is a major public health problem. Majority of the involved are male and under 30 years of age. Delayed presentation is more common. Open globe injuries are more frequent. Violence and occupational injuries are the major causes. (author)

  14. "Johnny Poppers": a cause of serious ocular injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    MacAndie, K; Kyle, P

    1998-07-01

    The causes of blunt ocular trauma are many and diverse. We present two cases of ocular injury caused by an unusual form of weapon called a "Johnny Popper". There follows a theoretical and experimental evaluation of the velocity of the projectiles fired by this device. A Johnny Popper was constructed under expert guidance. The elastic properties of the device were measured and this allowed calculation of a theoretical exit velocity of the projectiles fired. The weapon was subsequently fired under test conditions which permitted the exit velocity of the projectiles fired to be measured directly. The theoretical velocity of the projectiles was calculated as 80 ms-1 and the experimentally measured velocity was 57 ms-1. Johnny Poppers are a previously undescribed and unique form of home made weapon. They are intended for playful mischief, but have the potential to cause serious ocular trauma.

  15. Influência da cicloplegia sobre a ação hipotensora do latanoprost em indivíduos normais Influence of cycloplegia on the hypotensive latanoprost effect on normal subjects

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    Marco Aurélio Alves

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da cicloplegia sobre a ação hipotensora ocular do latanoprost em indivíduos normais. Pacientes, materiais e métodos: Foram estudados 17 voluntários normais, sem antecedentes de doenças oculares crônicas, trauma ou cirurgias. Foi instilado latanoprost 0,005% em ambos os olhos e após 20 minutos foi instilado ciclopentolato 1% no olho direito. A pressão intra-ocular (Po foi medida, pela tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann, antes da instilação do latanoprost e após 20 minutos, 1 hora e 20 minutos, 3 horas e 20 minutos e 4 horas e 20 minutos. A Po foi comparada entre o olho direito (OD e o olho esquerdo (OE pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A comparação entre as medidas realizadas em cada olho nas diferentes fases do estudo foi procedida pelo teste de Friedman. A variação percentual da Po foi calculada em cada tempo e comparada entre OD e OE. Resultados: A comparação dos valores de Po e de sua variação percentual em relação à medida inicial entre OD e OE não mostrou diferenças estatísticas para as medidas inicial, 1:20 h e 3:20 h. Para a medida de 4:20 h a Po do olho direito (cicloplegiado foi estatisticamente menor do que a do olho contralateral (PoOD = 10,9 ± 2,2; PoOE = 11,8 ± 2,2; p = 0,009, observando-se uma maior redução percentual da Po de forma estatisticamente significante (delta%OD = 28,1 ± 7,4; delta%OE = -21,6 ± 9,6; p = 0,007. Conclusões: Os resultados indicam uma maior ação hipotensora ocular a curto prazo do latanoprost em olhos cicloplegiados de indivíduos normais, quando comparados aos seus olhos contralaterais que não foram cicloplegiados.Purpose: To analyze the influence of cicloplegia on latanoprost ocular hypotensive effect in normal subjects. Patients, material and methods: The study included 17 normal volunteers without previous ocular diseases, trauma or surgeries. One drop of 0.005% latanoprost was given to both eyes and after 20 minutes one drop of 1

  16. Caveolins and caveolae in ocular physiology and pathophysiology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gu, Xiaowu; Reagan, Alaina M; McClellan, Mark E; Elliott, Michael H

    2017-01-01

    Caveolae are specialized, invaginated plasma membrane domains that are defined morphologically and by the expression of signature proteins called, caveolins. Caveolae and caveolins are abundant in a variety of cell types including vascular endothelium, glia, and fibroblasts where they play critical roles in transcellular transport, endocytosis, mechanotransduction, cell proliferation, membrane lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. Given these critical cellular functions, it is surprising that ablation of the caveolae organelle does not result in lethality suggesting instead that caveolae and caveolins play modulatory roles in cellular homeostasis. Caveolar components are also expressed in ocular cell types including retinal vascular cells, Müller glia, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), conventional aqueous humor outflow cells, the corneal epithelium and endothelium, and the lens epithelium. In the eye, studies of caveolae and other membrane microdomains (i.e., "lipid rafts") have lagged behind what is a substantial body of literature outside vision science. However, interest in caveolae and their molecular components has increased with accumulating evidence of important roles in vision-related functions such as blood-retinal barrier homeostasis, ocular inflammatory signaling, pathogen entry at the ocular surface, and aqueous humor drainage. The recent association of CAV1/2 gene loci with primary open angle glaucoma and intraocular pressure has further enhanced the need to better understand caveolar functions in the context of ocular physiology and disease. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive review of literature on caveolae, caveolins, and other membrane domains in the context of visual system function. This review highlights the importance of caveolae domains and their components in ocular physiology and pathophysiology and emphasizes the need to better understand these important modulators of cellular function. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All

  17. Vision Profile and Ocular Characteristics of Special Olympics Athletes: Report from India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gothwal, Vijaya K; Sumalini, Rebecca; Narasaiah, Asa; Panda, Soumya

    2017-08-01

    Previous reports, albeit isolated, of vision and ocular screening of athletes with intellectual disability participating in the Special Olympics, UK, indicated high rates of refractive error and ocular morbidity; however, there have been no reports of similar sports events for this population from India. This study set out to evaluate the vision profile and ocular characteristics of athletes with intellectual disability attending the Special Olympics Lions Club International Opening Eyes (SOLCIOE) event in 2012 in India. A cross-sectional study was conducted, where a protocol-based ophthalmological assessment was performed by trained optometrists at a tertiary eye care center. Overall, 172 athletes (mean age 18.6 years, 70% male) with intellectual disability participated, and 138 (80%) were able to cooperate for complete or nearly complete vision and ocular assessment. A total of 56 (32%) had never had a previous vision or ocular health status examination. A total of 46 (32%) presented with low vision (World Health Organization definition <6/18 to 3/60 in the better eye), 21% needed a first or updated spectacle prescription, and 28% had significant ocular pathology as the cause of visual loss. The proportions of refractive errors and ocular disorders in athletes with intellectual disability attending the SOLCIOE program in South India are similar to those reported for able-bodied school-aged children in urban and rural India. Like that of their able-bodied peers, the visual needs of children with intellectual disability are also not adequately being met.

  18. A review of scoring systems for ocular involvement in chronic cutaneous bullous diseases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Brendon W H; Tan, Jeremy C K; Radjenovic, Melissa; Coroneo, Minas T; Murrell, Dedee F

    2018-05-22

    Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) describe a group of rare chronic dermatoses characterized by cutaneous fragility and blistering. Although uncommon, significant ocular surface disease (OSD) may occur in both and require ophthalmological assessment. Disease scoring systems have a critical role in providing objective and accurate assessment of disease severity. The objectives of this report were, firstly, to document the prevalence and severity of ocular involvement in EB/AIBD. Secondly, to review and evaluate existing ocular and systemic scoring systems for EB/AIBD. Finally, to identify areas where further development of ocular specific tools in EB/AIBD could be pursued. A literature search was performed in October 2017 utilising Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases. The results were restricted by date of publication, between 01.01.1950 and 31.10.2017. The reference lists of these articles were then reviewed for additional relevant publications. Articles of all languages were included if an English translation was available. Articles were excluded if they were duplicates, had no reference to ocular involvement in EB/AIBD or described ocular involvement in other diseases. Descriptions of ocular involvement in EB/AIBD were identified in 88 peer-reviewed journal articles. Findings reported include but are not limited to: cicatrising conjunctivitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye disease, trichiasis, symblepharon, fornix fibrosis, keratopathy, ectropion/entropion, ankyloblepharon, corneal ulceration, visual impairment and blindness. Although scoring systems exist for assessment of OSD in mucous membrane pemphigoid, no such tools exist for the other AIBD subtypes or for EB. Several systemic scoring systems exist in the dermatological literature that are efficacious in grading overall EB/AIBD severity, but have limited inclusion of ocular features. To the best of our knowledge, there is no recognised or validated scoring systems

  19. Ocular Drug Delivery Barriers—Role of Nanocarriers in the Treatment of Anterior Segment Ocular Diseases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bachu, Rinda Devi; Chowdhury, Pallabitha; Al-Saedi, Zahraa H. F.; Karla, Pradeep K.; Boddu, Sai H. S.

    2018-01-01

    Ocular drug delivery is challenging due to the presence of anatomical and physiological barriers. These barriers can affect drug entry into the eye following multiple routes of administration (e.g., topical, systemic, and injectable). Topical administration in the form of eye drops is preferred for treating anterior segment diseases, as it is convenient and provides local delivery of drugs. Major concerns with topical delivery include poor drug absorption and low bioavailability. To improve the bioavailability of topically administered drugs, novel drug delivery systems are being investigated. Nanocarrier delivery systems demonstrate enhanced drug permeation and prolonged drug release. This review provides an overview of ocular barriers to anterior segment delivery, along with ways to overcome these barriers using nanocarrier systems. The disposition of nanocarriers following topical administration, their safety, toxicity and clinical trials involving nanocarrier systems are also discussed. PMID:29495528

  20. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stern, M E; Beuerman, R W; Fox, R I; Gao, J; Mircheff, A K; Pflugfelder, S C

    1998-11-01

    Most dry-eye symptoms result from an abnormal, nonlubricative ocular surface that increases shear forces under the eyelids and diminishes the ability of the ocular surface to respond to environmental challenges. This ocular-surface dysfunction may result from immunocompromise due to systemic autoimmune disease or may occur locally from a decrease in systemic androgen support to the lacrimal gland as seen in aging, most frequently in the menopausal female. Components of the ocular surface (cornea, conjunctiva, accessory lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands), the main lacrimal gland, and interconnecting innervation act as a functional unit. When one portion is compromised, normal lacrimal support of the ocular surface is impaired. Resulting immune-based inflammation can lead to lacrimal gland and neural dysfunction. This progression yields the OS symptoms associated with dry eye. Restoration of lacrimal function involves resolution of lymphocytic activation and inflammation. This has been demonstrated in the MRL/lpr mouse using systemic androgens or cyclosporine and in the dry-eye dog using topical cyclosporine. The efficacy of cyclosporine may be due to its immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory (phosphatase inhibitory capability) functions on the ocular surface, resulting in a normalization of nerve traffic. Although the etiologies of dry eye are varied, common to all ocular-surface disease is an underlying cytokine/receptor-mediated inflammatory process. By treating this process, it may be possible to normalize the ocular surface/lacrimal neural reflex and facilitate ocular surface healing.

  1. Relationship between ocular surface temperature and peripheral vasoconstriction in healthy subjects: a thermographic study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vannetti, Federica; Matteoli, Sara; Finocchio, Lucia; Lacarbonara, Francesco; Sodi, Andrea; Menchini, Ugo; Corvi, Andrea

    2014-03-01

    An impairment of ocular blood flow regulation is commonly considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of several eye diseases, like glaucoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an alteration of ocular blood supply induced by peripheral vasoconstriction might be detected by measuring the ocular surface temperature. The ocular surface temperature was evaluated in a group of 38 healthy young subjects (28 males and 10 females; mean age: 25.4 ± 4.1 years) by infrared thermography. For each subject, the experimental procedure consisted of two thermographic acquisitions both lasting 10 s, recorded before and during the immersion of both hands in a mixture of ice and water (1.6 °C ± 0.4 °C). Specifically, the second acquisition began 20 s after the hand immersion. Analysis of variance was used to compare the ocular surface temperature of the two profiles. The analysis of infrared images was carried out every 2 s: at the eye opening (t(0)) until 10 s (t(5)), for both profiles. Data showed that ocular surface temperature increased significantly (p-value temperature at t(0) for P(1) = 0.12 °C ± 0.13 °C). Therefore, these results suggest a response of the ocular hemodynamic to the peripheral vasoconstriction. The ocular surface temperature may represent a cheap, non-invasive and non-time-consuming test to evaluate ocular vaso-regulation.

  2. The chick eye in vision research: An excellent model for the study of ocular disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wisely, C Ellis; Sayed, Javed A; Tamez, Heather; Zelinka, Chris; Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed H; Fischer, Andy J; Cebulla, Colleen M

    2017-11-01

    The domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, serves as an excellent model for the study of a wide range of ocular diseases and conditions. The purpose of this manuscript is to outline some anatomic, physiologic, and genetic features of this organism as a robust animal model for vision research, particularly for modeling human retinal disease. Advantages include a sequenced genome, a large eye, relative ease of handling and maintenance, and ready availability. Relevant similarities and differences to humans are highlighted for ocular structures as well as for general physiologic processes. Current research applications for various ocular diseases and conditions, including ocular imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography, are discussed. Several genetic and non-genetic ocular disease models are outlined, including for pathologic myopia, keratoconus, glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, ocular albinism, and ocular tumors. Finally, the use of stem cell technology to study the repair of damaged tissues in the chick eye is discussed. Overall, the chick model provides opportunities for high-throughput translational studies to more effectively prevent or treat blinding ocular diseases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Ocular Complications among Cases of Head Injury Seen in a ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Background: Head injuries with ocular involvement are of great importance due to the visual morbidity and mortality which may result. Objective: To determine the pattern of ocular complications among cases of head injury seen in Memphys Hospital for Neurosurgery, Enugu, in south-eastern Nigeria. Patients and Methods: ...

  4. Viscosidade como fator frenador de rotações Viscoelastic substances as a breaking factor of ocular rotations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Augusto Homsi Jorge

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar se forças de atrito viscoso podem, sob o ponto de vista quantitativo, agir como possíveis promotoras de estabilização ocular com manutenção dos movimentos de rotação, dando noção dos valores necessários para a aplicabilidade no sistema ocular. MÉTODOS: Um modelo mecânico foi elaborado para a medida de forças necessárias para vencer o atrito de uma esfera de alumínio parcialmente mergulhada em um líquido viscoso. Foram testadas soluções de metilcelulose de 1% a 6% (com variação de 0,5% e dois produtos viscoelásticos (Viscoat® e Provisc®. Outra variável foi a área de contato entre a esfera e o líquido viscoso. RESULTADOS: A força encontrada, após correções e descontos apropriados, foi significativa (acima de 5 gf apenas nas soluções de metilcelulose 5,5% e 6% e somente na maior área de contato testada. CONCLUSÃO: Os líquidos viscosos testados aparentemente não são capazes de obter força de atrito suficiente para a estabilização ocular, com exceção das soluções de metilcelulose 5,5% e 6% mas somente na maior área de contato testada (que correspondeu a 26,2% da área total da esfera.PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find out if the viscous friction forces could, from the quantitative point of view, act as possible promoters of ocular stabilization keeping the rotational movements and give an idea of the necessary amount for the applicability to the ocular system. METHODS: A mechanic model was made to measure the necessary forces to overcome the friction of the aluminium sphere partially kept in a viscous liquid. Methylcellulose solutions at 1% to 6% (with a variation of 0.5% and viscoelastic products (Viscoat® and Provisc® were tested. Another variable was the area of contact between the sphere and the viscous liquid. RESULTS: The force that was found, after appropriate corrections and discounts, was meaningful (over 5 gf only in the of methylcellulose solutions at 5.5% and 6

  5. Human ocular anatomy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kels, Barry D; Grzybowski, Andrzej; Grant-Kels, Jane M

    2015-01-01

    We review the normal anatomy of the human globe, eyelids, and lacrimal system. This contribution explores both the form and function of numerous anatomic features of the human ocular system, which are vital to a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of many oculocutaneous diseases. The review concludes with a reference glossary of selective ophthalmologic terms that are relevant to a thorough understanding of many oculocutaneous disease processes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Anti-TNF: Novel treatment in ocular sarcoidosis

    OpenAIRE

    Escudero Bodenlle, Laura; Olea Vallejo, José Luis; Pons Crespí, Mateu; Aragón Roca, Juan Antonio; Costa-Jordao, Cátia; Tarragó Pérez, Ramón

    2017-01-01

    Obejtivo: Se pretende demostrar la utilidad de la angiografía con fluoresceína y verde de indocianina en el diagnóstico y manejo de la sarcoidosis ocular, así como la utilidad de los fármacos biológicos en esta patología. Métodos: Para ello, se presenta un caso clínico de sarcoidosis sistémica y ocular tratada durante años con corticoides e inmunomoduladores, con mal control de la enfermedad. La principal afectación era la del segmento posterior del ojo, con numerosos signos en coroides y ret...

  7. Ocular pentastomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mihály Sulyok

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Ocular pentastomiasis is a rare infection caused by the larval stage of pentastomids, an unusual group of crustacean-related parasites. Zoonotic pentastomids have a distinct geographical distribution and utilize reptiles or canids as final hosts. Recently, an increasing number of human abdominal infections have been reported in Africa, where pentastomiasis is an emerging, though severely neglected, tropical disease. Here we describe four ocular infections caused by pentastomids from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Two cases underwent surgery and an Armillifer grandis infection was detected by morphological and molecular approaches. Thus far, 15 other cases of ocular pentastomiasis have been reported worldwide. Twelve cases were caused by Armillifer sp., recorded almost exclusively in Africa, where such infections occur as a consequence of hunting and consuming snakes, their final hosts. Seven further cases were caused by Linguatula serrata, a cosmopolitan pentastomid whose final hosts are usually canids. Intraocular infections caused permanent visual damage in 69% and a total loss of vision in 31% of reported cases. In contrast, ocular adnexal cases had a benign clinical course. Further research is required to estimate the burden, therapeutic options and pathogenesis of this neglected disease.

  8. Ocular blood flow decreases during passive heat stress in resting humans

    OpenAIRE

    Ikemura, Tsukasa; Miyaji, Akane; Kashima, Hideaki; Yamaguchi, Yuji; Hayashi, Naoyuki

    2013-01-01

    Background Heat stress induces various physiological changes and so could influence ocular circulation. This study examined the effect of heat stress on ocular blood flow. Findings Ocular blood flow, end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ETCO2) and blood pressure were measured for 12 healthy subjects wearing water-perfused tube-lined suits under two conditions of water circulation: (1) at 35°C (normothermia) for 30 min and (2) at 50°C for 90 min (passive heat stress). The blood-flow velocities in the s...

  9. Causas de cegueira e baixa visão em crianças Causes of blindness and low vision in children

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Ribeiro Brito

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar e analisar as principais causas preveníveis e tratáveis da cegueira e baixa visão na infância. Método: 174 crianças de 3 instituições de duas cidades brasileiras (Salvador e São Paulo foram examinadas e os dados de cada criança foram registrados em protocolo padronizado pela OMS. Resultados: De acordo com a OMS, encontrou-se cegueira ou baixa visão em 82% das crianças. Entre as moléstias preveníveis e tratáveis, a retinopatia da prematuridade e o glaucoma foram as mais freqüentes. Conclusão: O presente estudo piloto demonstrou características similares às encontradas em outros países em desenvolvimento, onde pelo menos 50% das doenças são preveníveis ou tratáveis com o atual desenvolvimento científico.Purpose: To identify and analyze the major preventable and treatable causes of loss of vision in children. Methods: Children (174 from three institutions were examined in two Brazilians cities (Salvador and São Paulo and data were recorded acording to the WHO protocol. Results: According to WHO visual impairment was found in 82% of the children. The most frequent preventable and treatable ocular diseases were retinopathy of prematurity and glaucoma. Conclusions: This pilot study shows similar charac-teristics to other developing countries, where at least 50% of ocular diseases are preventable or treatable with today's knowledge.

  10. Percepção da administração tópica ocular de drogas: vaporização x gotas Topical drug administration perception: spray x eyedrop

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arlindo José Freire Portes

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar por questionário qual o nível de dificuldade para aplicação tópica de medicações oculares: vaporização ou gotas através da observação do paciente e qual método foi tecnicamente melhor utilizado para aplicação de drogas tópicas oculares. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada no decorrer de 2008 e 2009 no ambulatório de oftalmologia da Policlínica Ronaldo Gazolla. Foi utilizado um frasco de colírio e um de vaporizador com solução de carboximetilcelulose sódica a 0,5%. Cada participante aplicou em um dos olhos a solução por vaporização ou instilação de gotas através de um processo randomizado. Foi perguntado ao paciente questões pré-formuladas sobre a praticidade de ambos os métodos. RESULTADOS: Considerando o grau de dificuldade de administração tópica ocular: 36% acharam difícil ou muito difícil a vaporização e 14% a instilação de colírio. As dificuldades descritas pelos pacientes foram relatadas por 64% dos pacientes para vaporização e por 34% para aplicação de colírio (p= 0,0027. Já 42% dos pacientes necessitaram de mais de uma instilação para aplicação do colírio, enquanto 36% dos pacientes precisaram de mais de uma aplicação para que a droga vaporizada tivesse contato com o olho (p= 0,49. Em 56% dos pacientes houve toque da ponta do colírio com os cílios, já com o vaporizador não houve toque (p=0,0001. CONCLUSÃO: A vaporização foi o método mais seguro para evitar a contaminação do frasco. A maior facilidade percebida pelos pacientes ao instilar o colírio em relação a vaporização foi devido a terem apoiado a ponta do frasco nos tecidos oculares.OBJECTIVE:Evaluate how difficult it is to apply ocular topical medications based on patient observation and answers to a questionnaire. Eye drops were compared to vaporization. METHODS: The study was performed in 2008 and 2009 in Policlinica Ronaldo Gazolla ophthalmological ambulatory. An eyedropper and a vaporizer with

  11. Ocular surface disease in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension treated with either BAK-preserved latanoprost or BAK-free travoprost

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gregory Katz

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Gregory Katz1, Clark L Springs2, E Randy Craven3, Michela Montecchi-Palmer41Huron Ophthalmology, Ypsilanti, MI, USA; 2Indiana University Eye Care, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 3Specialty Eye Care, Denver, CO, USA; 4Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USAPurpose: The preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK may adversely affect ocular surface health. This study evaluated symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSD in patients previously treated with a BAK-preserved therapy to lower their intraocular pressure, who either continued that therapy or switched to a BAK-free therapy.Methods: Eligible adult patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma that had been controlled with BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (Xalatan® for at least one month and had a score of ≥ 13 (0 = none, 100 = most severe on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI questionnaire were entered into this prospective, double-masked, randomized, active-controlled, multicenter trial. By random assignment, patients either continued with BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.005% or transitioned to BAK-free travoprost 0.004% (Travatan Z® ophthalmic solution. OSDI scores were assessed again after six and 12 weeks.Results: For the 678 evaluable patients, mean change in OSDI score from baseline to week 12 favored the travoprost 0.004% BAK-free group, but was not statistically different between groups (P = 0.10. When patients with mild OSD at baseline were assessed after 12 weeks, the mean OSDI score was significantly lower (P = 0.04 in the BAK-free travoprost 0.004% group (score = 11.6 ± 10.8 units than in the BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.005% group (score = 14.4 ± 11.9 units, and a significantly larger percentage (P < 0.01 improved to normal OSDI scores in the BAK-free travoprost 0.004% group (62.9% of group than in the BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.005% group (47.0% of group. Patients pretreated with BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.005% for >24 months were significantly more likely (P

  12. Quantification of ocular inflammation with technetium-99m glucoheptonate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roizenblatt, J.; Caldeira, J.A.F.; Buchpiguel, C.A.; Meneguetti, J.C.; Camargo, E.E.; Sao Paulo Univ., SP

    1991-01-01

    Histological and morphometric evaluation of ocular inflammation is difficult, particularly when there is extensive ocular involvement with abscess formation and necrosis. A quantitative imaging procedure applicable to humans would be important clinically. To establish such a procedure, turpentine-induced ocular inflammation was obtained by subconjunctival injection in the right eye of 55 rabbits. The left eye was used as control and injected with a volume of saline equal to the volume of turpentine in the right eye. Volumes of turpentine or saline were 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.2 and 0.6 ml, and the rabbits were divided into groups 1-5, according to these volumes. Imaging was performed 48 h after turpentine injection and 6 h after intravenous injection of 10 mCi of technetium 99m glucoheptonate ( 99m Tc-GH). An inflammatory reaction index (IRI), defined as the ratio of counts of the right eye divided by counts of the left eye, was used. IRIs were proportional to the degree of inflammation and allowed the distinction of 3 subgroups: One represented by group 4, one by group 5 and one by groups 1, 2 and 3. This method of quantification of ocular inflammatory processes using 99m Tc-GH is original, rapid, non-invasive, reproducible and safe, although unable to differentiate inflammatory processes caused by doses of turpentine which are very small and close to each other. It is conceivable that its application to humans will bring new insight into the ocular inflammatory process and response to therapy. (orig.)

  13. Measurement of normal ocular volume by the use of computed ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2012-09-03

    Sep 3, 2012 ... ocular axial length measurements from which ocular volume can be calculated. ... The CT scans were performed in axial planes at a thickness of 3 mm and a .... dimension assessing capability, it gives anatomic details .... have larger skeletal size and bone mass than females, despite comparable body size.

  14. Imaging the ocular motor nerves.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ferreira, T.; Verbist, B.M.; Buchem, M. van; Osch, T. van; Webb, A.

    2010-01-01

    The ocular motor nerves (OMNs) comprise the oculomotor, trochlear and the abducens nerves. According to their course, they are divided into four or five anatomic segments: intra-axial, cisternal, cavernous and intra-orbital and, for the abducens nerve, an additional interdural segment. Magnetic

  15. Intramuscular Immunisation with Chlamydial Proteins Induces Chlamydia trachomatis Specific Ocular Antibodies.

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    Alexander Badamchi-Zadeh

    Full Text Available Ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can cause trachoma, which is the leading cause of blindness due to infection worldwide. Despite the large-scale implementation of trachoma control programmes in the majority of countries where trachoma is endemic, there remains a need for a vaccine. Since C. trachomatis infects the conjunctival epithelium and stimulates an immune response in the associated lymphoid tissue, vaccine regimens that enhance local antibody responses could be advantageous. In experimental infections of non-human primates (NHPs, antibody specificity to C. trachomatis antigens was found to change over the course of ocular infection. The appearance of major outer membrane protein (MOMP specific antibodies correlated with a reduction in ocular chlamydial burden, while subsequent generation of antibodies specific for PmpD and Pgp3 correlated with C. trachomatis eradication.We used a range of heterologous prime-boost vaccinations with DNA, Adenovirus, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA and protein vaccines based on the major outer membrane protein (MOMP as an antigen, and investigated the effect of vaccine route, antigen and regimen on the induction of anti-chlamydial antibodies detectable in the ocular lavage fluid of mice.Three intramuscular vaccinations with recombinant protein adjuvanted with MF59 induced significantly greater levels of anti-MOMP ocular antibodies than the other regimens tested. Intranasal delivery of vaccines induced less IgG antibody in the eye than intramuscular delivery. The inclusion of the antigens PmpD and Pgp3, singly or in combination, induced ocular antigen-specific IgG antibodies, although the anti-PmpD antibody response was consistently lower and attenuated by combination with other antigens.If translatable to NHPs and/or humans, this investigation of the murine C. trachomatis specific ocular antibody response following vaccination provides a potential mouse model for the rapid and high throughput

  16. Multiple ocular abnormalities associated with trisomy 4p.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hong, Samin; Kang, Sung Yong; Seong, Gong Je; Shin, Joo Youn; Kim, Chan Yun

    2008-01-01

    Ocular features associated with trisomy 4p have rarely been described. The authors have experienced multiple ocular abnormalities (bilateral cataracts, posterior synechiae, and posterior segment changes) associated with this chromosomal abnormality. It was presumed that these intraocular findings might be associated with the previous inflammatory process. In the current case, the patient recovered some useful vision after surgical removal of cataracts and intraocular lens implantations in both eyes. A detailed ophthalmic examination for patients with the autosomal imbalance is recom-mended.

  17. Ocular myasthenia gravis in a setting of thyrotoxicosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarabjeet Chhabra

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Ocular myasthenia gravis in conjunction with thyroid disorders, although rare, has been reported in the past. However, the similarity in the presentation of both the entities and the tendency of myasthenia gravis to get overlooked easily, even by experienced clinicians, necessitates a thorough knowledge, a strong consideration, and a vigilant approach, to aid in its diagnosis. We discuss a case of a female in a thyrotoxic state, with symptoms of ocular myasthenia gravis, and a brief overview of this entity.

  18. A CLINICAL STUDY OF OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS OF HEAD INJURY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suhas Shamrao Sarawade

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND This study aims to record the prevalence and pattern of various ophthalmic manifestations in patients of head injury and to attempt a correlation between the ocular signs, neurological signs and final outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred and twenty patients with head injury having ocular findings, presenting from December 2014 to July 2016, were taken for study. Detailed ophthalmological examination of the patients was carried out and the results of the study are depicted in the form of percentages, graphs and charts. RESULTS The most common cause of head injury found in our study was road traffic accident. The commonest eye finding was oedema and ecchymosis of eyelids. Prime causal factors affecting visual acuity found in our study were corneal tear, globe rupture, optic nerve injury and avulsion of eyeball. CONCLUSION Head injuries with ocular manifestations occur in younger age group. Road traffic accident was the most common cause. Males have to work outside their home for their jobs more than that of females. So they are more prone to accidents. Oedema and ecchymosis of eyelids constitute the most common ocular finding. Patients with mild ocular injuries pointed towards good visual prognosis. Most of them had mild head injury and hence good prognosis in terms of survival of the patient. The patients with severe ocular injuries like corneal tear, globe rupture and optic nerve injury showed poor visual prognosis.

  19. Ocular morbidity prevalence among school children in Shimla, Himachal, North India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, Madhu; Gupta, Bhupinder P; Chauhan, Anil; Bhardwaj, Ashok

    2009-01-01

    Data on eye diseases among school children is not readily available. Considering the fact that one-third of India's blind lose their eyesight before the age of 20 years and many of them are under five when they become blind, early detection and treatment of ocular morbidity among children is important. To estimate the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children of age 6-16 years. Government and private coeducational schools in urban area of Shimla. Cross-sectional. Government and private coeducational schools selected by stratified random sampling. About 1561 school children, studying in elementary through secondary class in these schools were examined from August 2001 to January 2002 in Shimla. A doctor did visual acuity and detailed ophthalmic examination. The Chi-square test was used to test differences in proportions. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at the 5% level. Prevalence of ocular morbidity was 31.6% (CI=29.9-32.1%), refractive errors 22% (CI=21.1-22.8%), squint 2.5% (CI=2.4-2.6%), color blindness 2.3% (CI=2.2-2.4%), vitamin A deficiency 1.8 % (CI=1.7-1.9%), conjunctivitis 0.8% (CI=0.79-0.81%). Overall prevalence of ocular morbidity in government and private schools did not show any statistical significant difference. Prevalence of conjunctivitis was significantly (P< 0.5) more in government schools. A high prevalence of ocular morbidity among high-school children was observed. Refractive errors were the most common ocular disorders.

  20. Prevalência da dissociação óculo-manual em crianças com dislexia do desenvolvimento - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34i1.7499 Prevalence of eye-hand preference dissociation in childrens with development dyslexia - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34i1.7499

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alexandre Bastos

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available A presente pesquisa caracterizou-se em determinar a prevalência da dissociação ocular e manual em crianças com dislexia do desenvolvimento em idade escolar comparadas com crianças normais, pertencentes a escolas públicas. Participaram do estudo crianças entre sete e 12 anos. O Grupo I foi constituído por crianças diagnosticadas com dislexia do desenvolvimento (n = 64 e o Grupo II constituído por crianças- padrão na mesma faixa etária (n = 80. Foi aplicada a Bateria Psicomotora. As crianças disléxicas obtiveram escores significativos de prevalência manual esquerda e ocular direita. Tais resultados sugerem que esta falta de especialização da lateralidade pode comprometer a execução motora.

  1. Ocular manifestations of Apert and Crouzon syndromes: qualitative and quantitative findings

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kreiborg, Sven; Cohen, M Michael

    2010-01-01

    There are significant differences in the ocular manifestations of Apert and Crouzon syndromes. Here, we present qualitative and quantitative data about the oculo-orbital region to demonstrate these differences. Although ocular protosis and hypertelorism characterize both disorders, the nature...

  2. Ocular inserts - Advancement in therapy of eye diseases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anita Kumari

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The ocular insert represents a significant advancement in the therapy of eye disease. Ocular inserts are defined as sterile, thin, multilayered, drug-impregnated, solid or semisolid consistency devices placed into the cul-de-sac or conjuctival sac, whose size and shape are especially designed for ophthalmic application. They are composed of a polymeric support that may or may not contain a drug. The drug can later be incorporated as dispersion or a solution in the polymeric support. They offer several advantages as increased ocular residence and sustained release of medication into the eye. The insert includes a body portion sized to position within a lachrymal canaliculus of the eyelid. The inserts are classified according to their solubility as insoluble, soluble, or bioerodible inserts. The release of drug from the insert depends upon the diffusion, osmosis, and bioerosion of the drug, and this article is an attempt to present a brief about this newer drug delivery system.

  3. Biological effect of ultraviolet radiation on cattle: bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kopecky, K.E.; Pugh, G.W. Jr.; Hughes, D.E.; Booth, G.D.; Cheville, N.F.

    1979-01-01

    The relationship between bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma and ultraviolet radiation was studied. Experimental procedures were devised to irradiate cattle with predetermined quantities of ultraviolet beta. Irradiation induced a preneoplastic ocular growth in one of four irradiated cattle. An epizootiologic study indicates that since 1950 the occurrence of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma reported at slaughter has increased. This increase was real and not due to an increase in numbers of cattle

  4. Orbital Roof Fractures as an Indicator for Concomitant Ocular Injury

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-11-12

    Longoria 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) 210-292-7141 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Adobe Professional ...risk for ocular and periocular injury. Laryngoscope. 2016 Feb;126 Suppl 4:S5·11. 3. Cook T. Ocular and periocular Injuries from orbital fractures

  5. Short-term effect of latanoprost and timolol eye drops on tear fluid and the ocular surface in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thygesen, John; Aaen, Kim; Theodorsen, F.

    2000-01-01

    ophthalmology, open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, glaucoma therapy, latanoprost, timolol, Rose-Bengal test, break-up time, Schirmer-1-test, conjunctival impression cytology......ophthalmology, open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, glaucoma therapy, latanoprost, timolol, Rose-Bengal test, break-up time, Schirmer-1-test, conjunctival impression cytology...

  6. Neoplasias primárias múltiplas em pacientes com câncer colorretal Multiple primary neoplasms in colorectal cancer patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo de Souza CURY

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available Introdução - A presença de uma segunda neoplasia maligna, tendo sítio e histologia diferentes da primeira, define o conceito de neoplasias primárias múltiplas. Com o aumento da sobrevida dos pacientes com câncer, houve um aumento de neoplasias primárias múltiplas. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a freqüência de neoplasias primarias múltiplas em pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer colorretal do Setor de Oncologia da Disciplina de Gastroenterologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Pacientes e Métodos - No período de 1993 a 1998, 145 pacientes com câncer colorretal foram acompanhados no Setor de Oncologia da Disciplina de Gastroenterologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Destes, cinco pacientes (3,4% tinham neoplasias primárias múltiplas. O segundo tumor foi confirmado por exame histológico, sendo excluídas as possibilidades de metástase. Resultados - A idade média dos doentes com neoplasias primárias múltiplas foi de 60,6 anos, quatro eram do sexo feminino e um do masculino, três apresentaram doença no reto, um no cólon direito e um no cólon esquerdo. Os outros sítios foram mama, útero, útero e vagina, pele e lábio. Um paciente foi a óbito e os outros estão em acompanhamento, sendo que dois, há mais de três anos. Dois pacientes tinham sido submetidos a radioterapia pélvica antes do aparecimento da neoplasia colorretal. Em um paciente o tumor colorretal antecedeu o outro câncer e em quatro apareceu posteriormente ao diagnóstico da outra neoplasia primária. Discussão - A prevalência de neoplasias primárias múltiplas foi de 3,4%, sendo maior no sexo feminino. Câncer de endométrio foi o outro tumor maligno mais freqüente. Quarenta por cento dos nossos pacientes foram submetidos a radioterapia. Acreditamos ser importante o acompanhamento dos pacientes para o diagnóstico precoce de uma nova neoplasia em qualquer paciente que já tenha apresentado um câncer.Introduction - Multiple primary

  7. Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Lessons from Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    • A new attention to post-natally acquired infections. Previously, most attention was focused on infection during pregnancy, and the risk of congenital disease, with the feeling that infection in older individuals was benign, without a substantial risk of disease morbidity, such as ocular involvemen...

  8. Incidência de opacificação de cápsula posterior em pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação e implante de lentes intra-oculares acrílicas hidrofílicas expansíveis Incidence of posterior capsule opacification in patients submitted to phacoemulsification and expandable acrylic intraocular lens implantation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hilton Arcoverde Gonçalves de Medeiros

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente os resultados das lentes intra-oculares de polímeros expansíveis implantadas em pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação, quanto à incidência de opacificação de cápsula posterior, levando em consideração a biocompatibilidade das lentes expansíveis. MÉTODOS: O grupo de estudo foi composto por 830 pacientes, 1.200 olhos, que foram submetidos a facoemulsificação, utilizando a mesma técnica, variando-se apenas o diâmetro da capsulorrexe, pelo mesmo cirurgião, no período de 1998 a 2002, com implante de lente intra-ocular hidrofílica expansível. O acompanhamento médio foi de 2,4 anos, variando de seis meses a quatro anos. RESULTADOS: O número total de opacificação de cápsula posterior foi de 54 casos. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de opacificação de cápsula posterior encontrada no grupo foi de 4,6%.PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the results of expandable acrylic intraocular lenses in patients submitted to phacoemulsification as regard posterior capsule opacification. METHODS: The study group consisted of 830 patients, 1,200 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification from 1998 to 2002, by the same surgeon, using the same technique but with different diameters of capsulorrhexis, with expandable hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens implantation. The mean follow-up was 2.4 years, ranging from 6 months to 4 years. RESULTS: The total number of posterior capsule opacification was 54 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of posterior capsule opacification was 4.6% in these patients.

  9. Observation of Influence of Cataract Surgery on the Ocular Surface.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuli Park

    Full Text Available To evaluate meibomian gland function, changes of lacrimal tears and ocular surface parameters and tear inflammatory mediators following cataract surgery.48 eyes of 34 patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification were involved and divided into 2 groups with those who had preexisting dry-eye before cataract surgery and those who did not. Ocular symptom score, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT, corneal sensitivity threshold, corneal staining, inflammatory cytokine activities, lid margin abnormalities, meibum expressibility, meibum quality and meibomian gland imaging were evaluated preoperatively, at 1 day, 1 and 2 months postoperatively.Ocular symptom scores were worse at 1 and 2 months postoperatively but, TBUT, corneal staining score and corneal sensitivity threshold showed gradual improvements at 1 month and 2 months postoperatively (p<0.05, respectively. Interestingly there were statistically significant improvements in TBUT, corneal staining score and corneal sensitivity threshold at 1 month postoperatively when topical eye drops were used compared to the period without topical therapy which is the months 2 postoperatively. There were statistically significant decreases in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations at 1 and 2 months postoperatively. Lid margin abnormalities, meibum quality and expressibility scores increased significantly (p < 0.05, respectively at postoperative period. Compared with the no dry eye group, dry eye group revealed significantly higher ocular symptom scores, lower TBUT, higher lid margin abnormalities, meibum quality and expressibility scores after cataract surgery. There were significant correlations between IL-6 and parameters of dry eye, and between MGD parameters and ocular symptom scores.Our study revealed that meibomian gland function is influenced after cataract surgery accompanying structural changes and these were correlated with increased ocular symptom scores

  10. Uveitis due to anaplasmosis in a newborn Holstein calf Uveíte por anaplasmose em bezerro da raça Holandesa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.L. Laus

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Relata-se o caso de um bovino com, aproximadamente, seis horas de vida, apresentando histórico de febre, apatia, inapetência e desconforto ocular. No exame oftálmico rotineiro, encontraram-se valores do teste da lágrima de Schirmer aumentados, diminuição da pressão intra-ocular, hemorragia conjuntival, uveíte anterior, edema corneal e injeção ciliar em ambos os olhos. Coletou-se amostra de sangue para realização de esfregaço sangüíneo, hemograma e bioquímica sérica. No esfregaço visibilizaram-se corpúsculos de Anaplasma marginale em hemácias parasitadas. Quanto à bioquímica sérica, não foram observadas alterações. Os mesmos exames foram realizados na mãe do animal tendo como resultado a positividade para A. marginale. Para o controle da uveíte foi utilizada uma única aplicação de 0,5ml de betametasona a 5%, por via subconjuntival, em cada um dos olhos. Para o tratamento da anaplasmose, seguiu-se o protocolo a base de 10mg/kg de oxitetraciclina, por via intramuscular profunda, a cada 12 horas. Diante os achados oftálmicos e a presença de corpúsculos de A. marginale em hemácias parasitadas, contatou-se, ser um caso de uveíte crônica secundaria a doença sistêmica, factível com Anaplasmose.

  11. Ocular Blood Flow and Normal Tension Glaucoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ning Fan

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Normal tension glaucoma (NTG is known as a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss, even though the intraocular pressure (IOP does not exceed the normal range. The pathophysiology of NTG remains largely undetermined. It is hypothesized that the abnormal ocular blood flow is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. A number of evidences suggested that the vascular factors played a significant role in the development of NTG. In recent years, the new imaging techniques, fluorescein angiography, color Doppler imaging (CDI, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, and laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG, have been used to evaluate the ocular blood flow and blood vessels, and the impaired vascular autoregulation was found in patients with NTG. Previous studies showed that NTG was associated with a variety of systemic diseases, including migraine, Alzheimer’s disease, primary vascular dysregulation, and Flammer syndrome. The vascular factors were involved in these diseases. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal ocular blood flow in NTG are still not clear, but the risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy likely included oxidative stress, vasospasm, and endothelial dysfunction.

  12. Spectrum of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Babar, T.F.; Khan, M.N.; Hussain, M.; Shah, S.A.

    2007-01-01

    To describe the pattern of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), clinical presentations, the risk factors and treatment options. The study included 36 eyes of 35 patients with biopsy-proven ocular surface neoplasia. The details of patients regarding age, gender, laterality and risk factors were entered into a specially-designed proforma. Each patient was also assessed biomicroscopically for type and complications of ocular surface neoplasia. The frequency of OSSN was 0.37 among admitted hospital patients. Among 36 cases of OSSN, squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva was the most common type of OSSN seen in 63.9%, followed by carcinoma in situ of conjunctiva in 25% and carcinoma in situ of cornea in 11.1%. Male patients outnumbered female (65.7% vs 34.3%) with 71.42% of patients above 60 years of age. The risk factors identified were: old age, ultraviolet B exposure and xeroderma pigmentosa. Treatment consisted of local resection with or without adjuvant therapy in 61.1%, exenteration in 30.5%, enucleation in 5.5% and chemo/radiotherapy in 2.7%. Intraocular invasion was seen in 5.5% and orbital spread in 30.5%. The frequency of OSSN was 0.37% among admitted patients. Identification of exact etiological factors will enable to formulate strategies that are likely to decrease the incidence of this disease and the associated morbidity and mortality. (author)

  13. Modeling of mouse eye and errors in ocular parameters affecting refractive state

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bawa, Gurinder

    Rodents eye are particularly used to study refractive error state of an eye and development of refractive eye. Genetic organization of rodents is similar to that of humans, which makes them interesting candidates to be researched upon. From rodents family mice models are encouraged over rats because of availability of genetically engineered models. Despite of extensive work that has been performed on mice and rat models, still no one is able to quantify an optical model, due to variability in the reported ocular parameters. In this Dissertation, we have extracted ocular parameters and generated schematics of eye from the raw data from School of Medicine, Detroit. In order to see how the rays would travel through an eye and the defects associated with an eye; ray tracing has been performed using ocular parameters. Finally we have systematically evaluated the contribution of various ocular parameters, such as radii of curvature of ocular surfaces, thicknesses of ocular components, and refractive indices of ocular refractive media, using variational analysis and a computational model of the rodent eye. Variational analysis revealed that variation in all the ocular parameters does affect the refractive status of the eye, but depending upon the magnitude of the impact those parameters are listed as critical or non critical. Variation in the depth of the vitreous chamber, thickness of the lens, radius of the anterior surface of the cornea, radius of the anterior surface of the lens, as well as refractive indices for the lens and vitreous, appears to have the largest impact on the refractive error and thus are categorized as critical ocular parameters. The radii of the posterior surfaces of the cornea and lens have much smaller contributions to the refractive state, while the radii of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the retina have no effect on the refractive error. These data provide the framework for further refinement of the optical models of the rat and mouse

  14. Atendimento oftalmológico dos recém-nascidos examinados nas maternidades públicas em Manaus Ophthalmological evaluations of the newborn at the public maternities in Manaus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Cavalcanti Campos Júnior

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar o tipo e a frequência de diagnóstico ocular dos recém-nascidos atendidos no ambulatório, UCI e UTI neonatais das Maternidades Públicas Estaduais na cidade de Manaus (AM. MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários dos recém-nascidos, obtidos nas Maternidades Públicas Estaduais no município de Manaus, estado do Amazonas. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes avaliados durante trinta meses (setembro de 2005 a março de 2008. O trabalho foi submetido e aprovado pelas direções das unidades de saúde, que permitiram a execução do estudo sem restrições. RESULTADOS: Do total dos 4. 591 atendimentos realizados, 1880 (40,9% foram provenientes da Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho, enquanto que 1. 360 (29,6% foram atendidos na Maternidade Ana Braga, 788 (17,2% na Maternidade Nazira Daou, 315 (6,9% na Maternidade Azilda Marreiro e 248 (5,4% na Maternidade da Alvorada. Em relação ao tipo de diagnóstico, encontramos RN Normais em 2. 462 (53,6% casos e 2. 129 (46,4% casos de RN com alterações oculares - 69,8% (ROP, 18,9% (Conjuntivites, 4,1% (Catarata, 3,6% (Estrabismo, 2,5% (Uveítes, 0,8% (anormalidades congênitas e 0,3% (Outros. CONCLUSÃO: As alterações oculares foram encontradas em quase metade dos pacientes: ROP, conjuntivites, catarata, estrabismo, uveítesPURPOSE: Determine the type and frequency of diagnosis of newborn seen in the ambulatories, ICU and ITU at the Public Maternities in Manaus. METHODS: We present a retrospective study done at the Public Maternities in Manaus,Amazon state. We include all patients seen during thirty months (september 2005 to march 2008. The study was submitted and approved by the head of health units that allowed the execution of the study without restrictions. RESULTS: Of the total 4. 591 patients seen, 1. 880 (40,9% were from at the Balbina Mestrinho Maternity, while 1. 360 (29,6% were seen at the Ana Braga Maternity, 788 (17,2% at the Nazira Daou Maternity, 315

  15. Aetiological study of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ongkosuwito, J.V.; Kortbeek, L.M.; Lelij, van der A.; Molicka, E.; Kijlstra, A.; Smet, de M.D.; Suttrop-Schulten, M.S.A.

    1999-01-01

    Aim. To investigate whether presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in the Netherlands is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and whether other risk factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Methods. 23 patients were clinically diagnosed as having presumed ocular histoplasmosis

  16. Mediators and Mechanisms of Herpes Simplex Virus Entry into Ocular Cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farooq, Asim V.; Valyi-Nagy, Tibor; Shukla, Deepak

    2010-01-01

    The entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV) into cells was once thought to be a general process. It is now understood that the virus is able to use multiple mechanisms for entry and spread, including the use of receptors and co-receptors that have been determined to be cell-type specific. This is certainly true for ocular cell types, which is important as the virus may use different mechanisms to gain access to multiple anatomic structures in close proximity, leading to various ocular diseases. There are some patterns that may be utilized by the virus in the eye and elsewhere, including surfing along filopodia in moving from cell to cell. There are common themes as well as intriguing differences in the entry mechanisms of HSV into ocular cells. We discuss these issues in the context of conjunctivitis, keratitis, acute retinal necrosis and other ocular diseases. PMID:20465436

  17. Mediators and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus entry into ocular cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farooq, Asim V; Valyi-Nagy, Tibor; Shukla, Deepak

    2010-06-01

    The entry of herpes simplex virus into cells was once thought to be a general process. It is now understood that the virus is able to use multiple mechanisms for entry and spread, including the use of receptors and co-receptors that have been determined to be cell-type specific. This is certainly true for ocular cell types, which is important as the virus may use different mechanisms to gain access to multiple anatomic structures in close proximity, leading to various ocular diseases. There are some patterns that may be utilized by the virus in the eye and elsewhere, including surfing along filopodia in moving from cell to cell. There are common themes as well as intriguing differences in the entry mechanisms of herpes simplex virus into ocular cells. We discuss these issues in the context of conjunctivitis, keratitis, acute retinal necrosis, and other ocular diseases.

  18. Promoção da saúde ocular e prevenção precoce de problemas visuais nos serviços de saúde pública Eye health promotion and early visual problem detection in the public health services

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Maria Girotti Sperandio

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas em relação às ações básicas de saúde ocular de pediatras e enfermeiros de serviços de saúde pública. MÉTODO: A população estudada constituiu-se de pediatras e enfermeiros que trabalhavam nos centros de saúde do Município de Campinas, SP - Brasil, e atuavam com crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade. As informações sobre conhecimento, atitudes e práticas foram colhidas através de questionários (para os pediatras e de formulários (para os enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: A execução das ações básicas de saúde ocular em crianças não fazia parte da rotina de atividades dos pediatras e enfermeiros, provavelmente devido ao pouco conhecimento dessas ações. Dos 61 pediatras, 82,0% (50 e 91,0% dos 22 enfermeiros não souberam referir a idade em que se completa o desenvolvimento visual. Em relação à ambliopia, 86,8% (53 dos pediatras e 100,0% dos enfermeiros não souberam defini-la. CONCLUSÕES: A promoção da saúde ocular e a prevenção precoce de problemas visuais em crianças não representava uma prática constante desses profissionais vinculados aos serviços de saúde pública. Recomenda-se que se realize treinamentos e educação continuada na área de saúde ocular durante e após a formação universitária desses profissionais.INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the study was to verify knowledge about eye health care attention of the pediatricians and nurses at public health centers in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding eye health on behalf of pediatricians and nurses who worked at health centers in Campinas were studied through questionnaires and forms. RESULTS: The implementation of primary health care actions in children wasn't usual in the public services due to the little knowledge that both pediatricians and nurses had about it. Of 61% pediatricians, 82,0% (50 and 91,0% of the 22 nurses didn

  19. Ocular Stem Cell Research from Basic Science to Clinical Application: A Report from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Ocular Stem Cell Symposium

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hong Ouyang

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Stem cells hold promise for treating a wide variety of diseases, including degenerative disorders of the eye. The eye is an ideal organ for stem cell therapy because of its relative immunological privilege, surgical accessibility, and its being a self-contained system. The eye also has many potential target diseases amenable to stem cell-based treatment, such as corneal limbal stem cell deficiency, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP. Among them, AMD and glaucoma are the two most common diseases, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Recent results on the clinical trial of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs in treating dry AMD and Stargardt’s disease in the US, Japan, England, and China have generated great excitement and hope. This marks the beginning of the ocular stem cell therapy era. The recent Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Ocular Stem Cell Symposium discussed the potential applications of various stem cell types in stem cell-based therapies, drug discoveries and tissue engineering for treating ocular diseases.

  20. Management of the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Albietz, Julie M; Lenton, Lee M

    2004-01-01

    To identify evidence-based, best practice strategies for managing the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). After a comprehensive review of relevant published literature, evidence-based recommendations for best practice management strategies are presented. Symptoms of ocular irritation and signs of dysfunction of the integrated lacrimal gland/ocular surface functional gland unit are common before and after LASIK. The status of the ocular surface and tear film before LASIK can impact surgical outcomes in terms of potential complications during and after surgery, refractive outcome, optical quality, patient satisfaction, and the severity and duration of dry eye after LASIK. Before LASIK, the health of the ocular surface should be optimized and patients selected appropriately. Dry eye before surgery and female gender are risk factors for developing chronic dry eye after LASIK. Management of the ocular surface during LASIK can minimize ocular surface damage and the risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term management of the tear film and ocular surface after LASIK can reduce the severity and duration of dry eye symptoms and signs. Strategies to manage the integrated ocular surface/lacrimal gland functional unit before, during, and after LASIK can optimize outcomes. As problems with the ocular surface and tear film are relatively common, attention should focus on the use and improvement of evidence-based management strategies.

  1. Characteristics of non-vitreoretinal ocular injury in child maltreatment: a systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Betts, T; Ahmed, S; Maguire, S; Watts, P

    2017-08-01

    PurposeTo identify the spectrum of non-vitreoretinal ocular injury due to child maltreatment.MethodsAll language search of MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, AMED, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, 1950-2015, was conducted. explicit confirmation of injury aetiology, age children that had suffered physical abuse with ocular injury had subconjunctival haemorrhages. Children presenting with abusive ocular injuries had a mean age of 13.9 months (range 1-68), while those who suffered violent corporal punishment were considerably older (mean 96 months). All cases, apart from severe corporal punishment, underwent screening for occult fractures, but neuroimaging only apparent in 2/5 eligible cases.ConclusionAlthough, the face is the most common site of abusive injury, there is a paucity of high-quality data on non-vitreoretinal ocular abusive injury. Thus, while subconjunctival haemorrhages are a potential sentinel injury of maltreatment, and may warrant further evaluation, the lack of large-scale published data limits our ability to highlight further specific characteristics of non-vitreoretinal ocular injury indicative of child abuse.

  2. Ocular injuries among industrial welders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fiebai B

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available B Fiebai, EA AwoyesukuDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NigeriaBackground: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular injuries among industrial welders and rate the use of protective eyewear at work among industrial welders in Port Harcourt. Information from this study will provide a database for effective policy formation on prevention of occupational eye injuries in Port Harcourt Rivers State.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of ocular injuries and use of protective eyewear among industrial welders in the Port Harcourt local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria, was carried out over a three-month period. Five hundred welders were selected by simple random sampling. Information was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. All welders were examined in their workshops.Results: Flying metal chips were the chief source of ocular injury, as reported by 199 (68.15% of those who gave a history of work-related eye injury, while arc rays accounted for the remaining 93 (31.85%. There was a high level of awareness of the risk of sustaining an eye injury from welding (n = 490, 98%, but only 46 (15.3% of the welders were using protective eyewear at the time of injury.Conclusion: To minimize ocular injury and promote eye health amongst industrial welders, safety intervention programs, such as awareness campaigns, setting up of targeted programs by the relevant government agencies, and encouragement of locally produced eye protectors is recommended. The involvement of occupational medical practitioners is also strongly recommended.Keywords: industrial welders, ocular injury, Port Harcourt, preventable blindness, protective eye devices

  3. Vision-guided ocular growth in a mutant chicken model with diminished visual acuity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ritchey, Eric R; Zelinka, Christopher; Tang, Junhua; Liu, Jun; Code, Kimberly A; Petersen-Jones, Simon; Fischer, Andy J

    2012-09-01

    Visual experience is known to guide ocular growth. We tested the hypothesis that vision-guided ocular growth is disrupted in a model system with diminished visual acuity. We examine whether ocular elongation is influenced by form-deprivation (FD) and lens-imposed defocus in the Retinopathy, Globe Enlarged (RGE) chicken. Young RGE chicks have poor visual acuity, without significant retinal pathology, resulting from a mutation in guanine nucleotide-binding protein β3 (GNB3), also known as transducin β3 or Gβ3. The mutation in GNB3 destabilizes the protein and causes a loss of Gβ3 from photoreceptors and ON-bipolar cells (Ritchey et al., 2010). FD increased ocular elongation in RGE eyes in a manner similar to that seen in wild-type (WT) eyes. By comparison, the excessive ocular elongation that results from hyperopic defocus was increased, whereas myopic defocus failed to significantly decrease ocular elongation in RGE eyes. Brief daily periods of unrestricted vision interrupting FD prevented ocular elongation in RGE chicks in a manner similar to that seen in WT chicks. Glucagonergic amacrine cells differentially expressed the immediate early gene Egr1 in response to growth-guiding stimuli in RGE retinas, but the defocus-dependent up-regulation of Egr1 was lesser in RGE retinas compared to that of WT retinas. We conclude that high visual acuity, and the retinal signaling mediated by Gβ3, is not required for emmetropization and the excessive ocular elongation caused by FD and hyperopic defocus. However, the loss of acuity and Gβ3 from RGE retinas causes enhanced responses to hyperopic defocus and diminished responses to myopic defocus. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Ocular morbidity prevalence among school children in Shimla, Himachal, North India

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    Gupta Madhu

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Data on eye diseases among school children is not readily available. Considering the fact that one-third of India′s blind lose their eyesight before the age of 20 years and many of them are under five when they become blind, early detection and treatment of ocular morbidity among children is important. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children of age 6-16 years. Settings: Government and private coeducational schools in urban area of Shimla. Design: Cross-sectional Materials and Methods: Government and private coeducational schools selected by stratified random sampling. About 1561 school children, studying in elementary through secondary class in these schools were examined from August 2001 to January 2002 in Shimla. A doctor did visual acuity and detailed ophthalmic examination. Statistical analysis: The Chi-square test was used to test differences in proportions. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at the 5% level. Results: Prevalence of ocular morbidity was 31.6% (CI=29.9-32.1%, refractive errors 22% (CI=21.1-22.8%, squint 2.5% (CI=2.4-2.6%, color blindness 2.3% (CI=2.2-2.4%, vitamin A deficiency 1.8 % (CI=1.7-1.9%, conjunctivitis 0.8% (CI=0.79-0.81%. Overall prevalence of ocular morbidity in government and private schools did not show any statistical significant difference. Prevalence of conjunctivitis was significantly (P< 0.5 more in government schools. Conclusion: A high prevalence of ocular morbidity among high-school children was observed. Refractive errors were the most common ocular disorders.

  5. An Unusual Ocular Injury Following Facial Trauma: A Case Report ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Objective: To report a case of an unusual ocular injury following a road traffic accident. Materials and Methods: A case report of a sixty – year – old female patient seen by the authors. The literature on ocular injures following facial trauma is reviewed. Results: An eye globe initially confirmed missing from its socket on clinical ...

  6. Ocular Morbidity among Children Attending Government and Private Schools of Kathmandu Valley

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R K Shrestha

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Children from the developing world are more prone to going blind from avoidable and preventable causes. In Nepal, children in private schools are reported to have a higher ocular morbidity than those in government schools, with myopia being the major cause of the morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate ocular morbidity in students from both types of school. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, comparative study among students from government and private schools of Kathmandu. Eye examination was carried out evaluating visual acuity, color vision, refractive status, binocular vision status, and anterior and posterior segment findings. Results: A total of 4,228 students from government and private schools were evaluated. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 19.56 % with refractive error (11.9 % being the major cause of the morbidity, followed by strabismus and infective disorders. No signifi cant difference in the prevalence of ocular morbidity and refractive status was found in the students from government and private schools. Conclusions: A signifi cant number of children of school-going age have ocular morbidity with no signifi cant difference in the prevalence in the students from government and private schools. Research exploring the effect of various risk factors in the progression of myopia would be helpful to investigate the refractive status in children from these different types of schools. Keywords: Myopia, ocular morbidity, school Students

  7. Treatment of ocular rosacea: comparative study of topical cyclosporine and oral doxycycline.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arman, Aysegul; Demirseren, Duriye Deniz; Takmaz, Tamer

    2015-01-01

    To compare the effectiveness of topical cyclosporine A emulsion with that of oral doxycycline for rosacea associated ocular changes and dry eye complaints. One hundred and ten patients with rosacea were screened. Thirty-eight patients having rosacea associated eyelid and ocular surface changes and dry eye complaints were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: nineteen patients were given topical cyclosporine twice daily and nineteen patients were given oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for the first month and once daily for the following two months. Symptom and sign scores, ocular surface disease index questionnarie and tear function tests were evaluated at baseline and monthly for 3mo. Three months after results were compared with that of baseline. Mean values of symptom, eyelid sign and corneal/conjunctival sign scores of each treatment group at baseline and 3mo after treatments were compared and both drugs were found to be effective on rosacea associated ocular changes (Ptreatment of eyelid signs (P=0.01). There was statistically significant increase in the mean Schirmer score with anesthesia and tear break up time scores in the cyclosporine treatment group compared to the doxycycline treatment group (Ptreatment of rosacea associated ocular complications because it is more effective than doxycycline. In addition ocular rosacea as a chronic disease requires long term treatment and doxycycline has various side effects limiting its long term usage.

  8. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of some ocular conditions in sheep and goats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. El-Tookhy

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out to describe the ultrasonographic findings in relation to the clinical symptoms of some common ocular conditions in sheep and goats. Fifty animals (32 goats and 18 sheep with different ocular problems were examined. Ultrasonographic examination was performed using a B-mode ocular ultrasound unit, and the structure of the globe was evaluated at a depth of 4-6 cm. Early cases (n=35, 70% showed varying ocular conditions; hypopyon, (n=8, 16%, stromal abscesses, (n=4, 8%, and anterior uveitis (n=23, 46%. Hypopyon appeared clinically as a white or yellowish material in the anterior chamber, and ultrasonographically as a hyperechoic mass in the anterior chamber. Severe iridocyclitis was noticed in acute cases of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC accompanied by blepharospasm, photophobia, excessive tearing and eyelid margin crust formation. Ultrasonographically, the pupil appeared constricted with increased hyperechoic thickening of the ciliary body. In chronic cases of IKC, corneal pigmentation (n=5, 10% and cataract (n=10, 20% were seen. Ultrasonographically the type and degree of cataract were diagnosed. The present study provides an inside view of the inner ocular structures during the course of certain eye diseases where ophthalmoscopic examination is not possible. Our findings, although preliminary, are relevant for the more complete diagnosis of certain external ocular conditions in sheep and goat herds.

  9. Extração da catarata pela técnica de facoemulsificação em pacientes com uveíte Cataract extraction using the phacoemulsification technique in patients with uveitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudio de Lima Yamane

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os resultados da cirurgia de catarata pela técnica de facoemulsificação em pacientes com uveíte. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo pela análise de prontuários de 189 pacientes (242 olhos com uveíte que foram submetidos a cirurgia de catarata pela técnica de facoemulsificação no Setor de Uveítes e Imunologia Ocular do Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canadá. Os dados foram coletados em fichas protocoladas com informações sobre sexo, idade, classificação da uveíte, descrição cirúrgica e exames pré e pós-operatórios. Os exames pré e pós-operatórios continham informações sobre a data do exame, a melhor acuidade visual corrigida, o exame biomicroscópico, a pressão intra-ocular, os procedimentos realizados e o tratamento em uso. RESULTADOS: A média de acompanhamento pós-operatório foi de 46,8 ± 31,2 meses. A média da acuidade visual pré-operatória encontrada foi de 20/100 e a média de acuidade visual pós-operatória encontrada foi de 20/40. Encontramos 145 olhos (59,5% com acuidade visual melhor ou igual a 20/40 e 26 olhos com piora da acuidade visual. A complicação per-operatória mais encontrada foi a ruptura de cápsula posterior com perda vítrea observada em 7 olhos (3% do total de olhos. A recorrência da uveíte foi a complicação pós-operatória mais freqüente, sendo observada em 73 olhos (30,16%. Outras complicações pós-operatórias observadas foram a atrofia iriana (28,51%, hipertensão intra-ocular (28,09%, membrana epirretiniana (26,44%, opacidade de cápsula posterior (19%, edema macular cistóide (13,63%, hipotonia ocular (12,80%, atrofia do disco óptico (8,67% e sinéquias posteriores (6,61%. CONCLUSÕES: A cirurgia de catarata pela técnica de facoemulsificação é considerada segura e eficaz em pacientes com uveíte. Observamos um bom prognóstico visual no período de acompanhamento pós-operatório, apesar da

  10. Ocular injury requiring hospitalisation in the south east of Ireland: 2001-2007.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Saeed, Ayman

    2012-02-01

    AIM: To investigate whether recent socio-demographic changes and recent health and safety measures have impacted on the trends of ocular trauma in the South East of Ireland. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of ocular trauma admitted to our department between October 2001 and September 2007, and the following data were retrieved: demographic details; mechanism of injury and nature of injury. RESULTS: During the study period, 517 patients were admitted with ocular trauma. Work-related and home-related activities were the commonest causes of admission, and accounted for 160 (31.8%) and 145 (28.4%) cases, respectively. In 2006\\/2007, and following the influx of migrant workers from the 10 new EU accession states (EUAS), the incidence of hospitalised ocular injuries per 100,000 was 89 in persons from the EUAS versus 18 in those of Irish origin, P < or = 0.0001. After adding the offence of not wearing a seat belt to the traffic penalty point system in Ireland, the proportion of road traffic accident (RTA)-related ocular injuries dropped significantly from 6.7% to 2.4%, P=0.03. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of the offence of not wearing a seat belt in the traffic penalty point system may have contributed to the significantly lower proportion of hospitalised ocular injuries attributable to RTAs. Also, the demographic profile of patients admitted because of ocular trauma has changed over the last 6 years, reflected in an increasing proportion of these injuries in persons from the EUAS. These data will inform healthcare providers, and those involved in developing health and safety guidelines for the workplace.

  11. Management of patients with ocular manifestations in vesiculobullous disorders affecting the mouth

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stormly Hansen, Michael; Klefter, Oliver Niels; Julian, Hanne Olsen

    2017-01-01

    Pemphigoid and pemphigus diseases as well as Stevens-Johnson syndrome present as vesiculobullous disorders of the skin and may additionally involve both the oral cavity and the ocular surface. Ocular involvement ranges from mild irritation and dry eye disease to chronic conjunctivitis, symblepharon......, eyelid malposition, ocular surface scarring and severe visual loss. In addition to diagnostic assessments, ophthalmologists must treat the dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction components of these diseases using a stepladder approach, including eyelid hygiene and lubricants. Topical anti...

  12. Leucemia Mielóide Crônica: novas drogas em desenvolvimento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cármino A. de Souza

    Full Text Available A LMC é um modelo de investigação biológica e clinica que deve ser seguido nesta nova fase da oncologia moderna. A resposta terapêutica ao uso do imatinibe como droga de primeira linha mudou os conceitos e paradigmas e criou uma expectativa que drogas mais potentes possam ser desenvolvidas no futuro. Infelizmente nem todos conseguem atingir essa situação ideal. Por esta razão, Baccarani M sugeriu que a falência de resposta subótima, precaução ou alerta fossem estudadas no sentido de serem desenvolvidas intervenções terapêuticas diferenciadas mais precoces. A resistência ao imatinibe existe e depende de vários mecanismos. Tanto mais tardia a introdução do imatinibe e mais avançada for a fase evolutiva da doença maior a freqüência de resistência. Do ponto de vista biológico, a superexpressão do BCR-ABL, os defeitos genéticos adicionais e as mutações que podem atingir várias regiões da molécula - a alça de fosfato, a alça de ativação, o domínio da quinase são os mais importantes fatores associados à resistência ao imatinibe. Por esta razão, são necessárias outras opções terapêuticas e hoje há o desenvolvimento de um grande número de drogas para um número maior de alvos. Inicialmente temos o dasatinibe, já aprovado nos EUA, na Europa e também no Brasil; o nilotinibe, em fase avançada de estudos clínicos (inclusive de fase III, e também já aprovado para uso nos EUA; o bosutinibe, o INNO - 406 bem como outras drogas que atuam em alvos como as aurora-quinases ou inibidores de histona-deacetilases.

  13. Ocular Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rana Mady

    2015-01-01

    the usual intestinal manifestations, leading to an earlier diagnosis. Thus, it is important to understand the clinical presentation of possible ocular manifestations in order to initiate appropriate treatment and to help prevent significant visual morbidity.

  14. Relationship between ocular surface temperature and peripheral vasoconstriction in healthy subjects: A thermographic study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Matteoli, Sara; Vannetti, Federica; Finocchio, Lucia

    2014-01-01

    An impairment of ocular blood flow regulation is commonly considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of several eye diseases, like glaucoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an alteration of ocular blood supply induced by peripheral vasoconstric......An impairment of ocular blood flow regulation is commonly considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of several eye diseases, like glaucoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an alteration of ocular blood supply induced by peripheral...

  15. A novel educational tool for teaching ocular ultrasound

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mustafa MS

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available MS Mustafa1, J Montgomery2, HR Atta11Department of Ophthalmology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK; 2Medi-CAL, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UKAbstract: Ocular ultrasound is now in increasing demand in routine ophthalmic clinical practice not only because it is noninvasive but also because of ever-advancing technology providing higher resolution imaging. It is however a difficult branch of ophthalmic investigations to grasp, as it requires a high skill level to interface with the technology and provide accurate interpretation of images for ophthalmic diagnosis and management. It is even more labor intensive to teach ocular ultrasound to another fellow clinician. One of the fundamental skills that proved difficult to learn and teach is the need for the examiner to “mentally convert” 2-dimensional B-scan images into 3-dimensional (3D interpretations. An additional challenge is the requirement to carry out this task in real time. We have developed a novel approach to teach ocular ultrasound by using a novel 3D ocular model. A 3D virtual model is built using widely available, open source, software. The model is then used to generate movie clips simulating different movements and orientations of the scanner head. Using Blender, Quicktime motion clips are choreographed and collated into interactive quizzes and other pertinent pedagogical media. The process involves scripting motion vectors, rotation, and tracking of both the virtual stereo camera and the model. The resulting sequence is then rendered for twinned right- and left-eye views. Finally, the twinned views are synchronized and combined in a format compatible with the stereo projection apparatus. This new model will help the student with spatial awareness and allow for assimilation of this awareness into clinical practice. It will also help with grasping the nomenclature used in ocular ultrasound as well as helping with localization of

  16. PAEDIATRIC OCULAR INJURIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Vinayagamurthy

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND Childhood blindness constitutes a burden on the economy of the country and produces psychosocial and emotional disturbance to the child and family at large. Similar to the visual impairment produced by vitamin deficiency state in children, ocular injuries form another group which if identified early and treated promptly can reduce irreversible damage. Eye injuries are responsible for the large scale ocular morbidity worldwide. At extremes of age, the incidence of eye injuries are common because of the negligence in their care. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence, various mechanisms, agents of injury and environmental influence causing eye injuries in children brought to Ophthalmic Outpatient Department of Chengalpattu Medical College in Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of medical records of 230 children who attended Ophthalmic Outpatient in Chengalpattu Medical College Hospital between 01.09.2015 to 30.09.2016. Records of children of both genders between the age group of (0 to 12 years who attended the Ophthalmic Outpatient Department with history of ocular injury coming from both rural and urban areas of the district. Their data was collected and analysed and tabulated based on demography, mechanism and place of injury. RESULTS School going age groups (5-12 years, 84% sustained injuries more commonly. Children from rural areas sustained 54.7% injuries. Blunt trauma accounted for 65% injuries. 52.6% injuries occurred at home. 41.7% were due to stick and wood. Children were admitted to hospital for a mean of 4 days, range (1-25 days, 96% >6/12 v/a, 3% children had v/a (6/18-6/60, 1% blind 6/60 vision. Bilateral blindness was not reported. 1% visual impairment registered. CONCLUSION This study showed that rural children suffered more ocular injuries;commonest were injuries due to sticks followed by cracker injuries. Home-based injuries were more common. Visual prognosis was

  17. Oftalmoplegia internuclear em paciente com mielose funicular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Lamartine de Assis

    1968-06-01

    Full Text Available É relatado um caso de oftalmoplegia internuclear, tipo posterior, com manifestações oculares bilaterais e assimétricas em paciente com mielose funicular. O diagnóstico da natureza da moléstia foi comprovado pela prova de absorção da vitamina B12 radioativa marcada com 57Co (método de Schilling. Foram realizados três exames electromiográficos do músculo reto mediai mais afetado (esquerdo, com intervalos de 45 a 90 dias, não tendo havido modificação dos traçados. O electromiograma nada mostrou de específico e permitiu excluir lesão neurogênica (paresia ou paralisia do 3.° nervo e muscular propriamente dita (miopatia.

  18. Protecting the ocular surface and improving the quality of life of dry eye patients: a study of the efficacy of an HP-guar containing ocular lubricant in a population of dry eye patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rolando, Maurizio; Autori, Silvia; Badino, Francesco; Barabino, Stefano

    2009-06-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-Newtonian tear substitute containing 0.4% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and 0.3% propylene glycol in an 0.18% hydroxypropyl-guar (HPG) containing vehicle (Systane Lubricant Eye Drops; Alcon) in reducing the signs and symptoms of dry eye, as well as its effect on ocular protection. Twenty patients with moderate to severe dry eye were enrolled in a 28-day prospective, randomized, controlled study. Subjects self-administered the HPG containing ocular lubricant four times daily (QID) over the study duration. After 28 days, the effect of the HPG containing ocular lubricant was evaluated by means of the Global Staining Score (a measure of the corneal and conjunctival staining), inter-blink tear film stability, Ocular Protection Index (OPI), and subjective symptoms. The HPG containing ocular lubricant produced statistically significant improvements compared with baseline in dry eye symptoms (P eye symptoms with the HPG containing ocular lubricant -- evident as early as the first follow-up visit (Day 7) and continued throughout the 28 days of the study with a concurrent, increase in OPI to a level greater than unity -- indicate that this preparation is a fast-acting, long-lasting, and effective treatment for dry eye. In concurrence with the results from previously published clinical studies, the HPG containing ocular lubricant has shown efficacy in alleviating the signs and symptoms of dry eye as well as affording improved ocular surface protection.

  19. ocular complications among cases of head injury seen in a neurosurgi

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    EZENWUGO CHIEDOZIE OBIORA

    ocular cranial nerves were the most commonly occurring complication among the cases of head injury seen in Memphys. Hospital for Neurosurgery, Enugu. Key words: Ocular complications, head injury, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION. Road traffic accidents have been on the increase in Nigeria. Some studies have attributed this ...

  20. Timectomia e imunossupressão em miastenia gravis estudo prospectivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos C. Sandmann

    1990-03-01

    Full Text Available Entre 1982 e 1988 24 mulheres e 6 homens com miastenia gravis foram submetidos a protocolo diagnóstico e terapêutico prospectivo e estandardizado. A idade variou de 10 a 74 anos (34±16, média±desvio padrão. Três com forma ocular foram tratados com piridostigmina. Quatro com forma generalizada, de idade avançada, receberam corticosteróide e/ou azatioprina. Vinte e três com a forma generalizada foram submetidos a timectomia seguida de prednisona e/ou azatioprina. Um paciente faleceu após timectomia complexa de timoma invasivo. Qutro faleceu logo após a admissão, em crise miastênica/colinérgica. Dois outros tiveram complicações menores da timectomia. De 19 pacientes seguidos por 1-60 (média 24 meses, 11 (58% têm fraqueza residual mas levam vida normal e 8 (42% estão em remissão completa, um sem medicação.

  1. Ocular melanoma metastatic to skin: the value of HMB-45 staining.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schwartz, Robert A; Kist, Joseph M; Thomas, Isabelle; Fernández, Geover; Cruz, Manuel A; Koziorynska, Ewa I; Lambert, W Clark

    2004-06-01

    Cutaneous metastatic disease is an important finding that may represent the first sign of systemic cancer, or, if already known, that may change tumor staging and thus dramatically altered therapeutic plans. Although cutaneous metastases are relatively frequent in patients with cutaneous melanoma, they are less so from ocular melanoma. To demonstrate the value of HMB-45, staining in the detection of ocular melanoma metastatic to skin. The immunohistochemical stain HMB-45 a monoclonal antibody directed against intact human melanoma cells, was employed on a skin biopsy specimen from a cutaneous tumor. HMB-45 staining was positive in the atypical hyperchromatic cells of the deep dermis. HMB-45 may be of value in the detection of ocular melanoma metastatic to skin. Cutaneous metastatic disease is a somewhat common and extremely important diagnosis. Although cutaneous metastases from cutaneous melanoma are relatively frequent, those from ocular melanomas are less so. Use of histochemical staining, especially the HMB-45 stain, allows confirmation of the diagnosis.

  2. OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE- A HOSPITALBASED STUDY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shobha Ponmudy

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease affects every organ system including the eye. The aim of the study is to conduct a thorough ocular examination and to study the occurrence of various ocular manifestations exhibited by patients with chronic kidney disease and to analyse the findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 patients from Department of Nephrology, Stanley Medical College diagnosed with chronic kidney disease were examined for ocular manifestations at the Department of Ophthalmology, Stanley Medical College. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, non-interventional, hospital-based study. The period of study was from August 2010 to October 2011. RESULTS The commonest cause of CKD was hypertension in 47 pts. (52.2% followed by both diabetes and hypertension in 30 patients. Patients with only diabetes were 6 patients (6.7% and with other causes were 7 patients (7.8%.10% of patients were legally blind with visual acuity <6/60. In this study, 65 patients belonged to less than 50 years. 49.3% of the presenile patients had cataract. A reduced Schirmer’s value was noted in 54 eyes of the 200 eyes. The incidence of ocular surface disease in the study was 27%. 92 eyes out of 200 eyes studied showed hypertensive retinopathy. Higher grades of hypertensive retinopathy was more in advanced stages of CKD, i.e. 24 eyes in stage IV and 23 eyes in stage V. 51 eyes out of 40 diabetics showed diabetic retinopathy changes of which a majority of 25 eyes belonged to stage V disease. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in CKD patients is significantly more when compared to diabetic patients without CKD. CONCLUSION Study demonstrates that routine ocular evaluation is necessary in all patients with chronic kidney disease irrespective of the presence of ocular symptoms. It also highlights the occurrence of a variety of treatable ocular manifestations, which can become vision threatening if not taken care of at the earliest.

  3. Ocular Injuries: Another Example of the Heavy Prize of Terrorism ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Injuries to the face and ocular structures could occur at the war front not only to the enemies, but also to unsuspecting friends of the security agents. We report here a case of ocular injury involving an air force personnel (lance corporal) who was mistakenly hit on the face by the back blast of a rocket‑propelled grenade shot ...

  4. Brazilian spotted fever in dogs/ Febre maculosa brasileira em cães

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Welker Biondo

    Full Text Available Brazilian spotted fever (BSF is caused by bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii, highly pathogenic for humans and dogs, and has the Amblyomma cajennense tick as its main vector. Dogs maybe have a significantly participation on the BSF epidemiology, particularly in urban areas, due to the close contact with human beings. Several serologic studies in dogs from different Brazilian regions have indicated a previous contact of these animals with the R. rickettsii, and they are even considered as sentinels for the bacteria distribution. Although dogs are susceptible to R. rickettsii infection, the clinical disease in dogs has been very recently described in Brazil. Common signs of infection may include fever, depression, anorexia, ocular lesions, hemorrhagic petechiaes, anemia and thrombocytopenia, which also may appear in other diseases, such as the canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, considered the most common disease in dogs transmitted by ticks in Brazil. Thus, BSF clinical diagnosis in dogs may be confused by other diseases, causing its sub-notification. The aim of the present review article on BSF in dogs was to describe epidemiologic, clinical and diagnosis aspects, including also the main alternatives for its treatment and control.A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB é causada pela bactéria Rickettsia rickettsii, cuja patogenicidade é conhecida para seres humanos e cães, e o carrapato Amblyomma cajennense é tido como seu principal vetor. Os cães podem ter um papel significativo na epidemiologia da FMB devido ao próximo contato com seres humanos. Vários estudos sorológicos em cães em diferentes estados brasileiros indicaram um contato prévio destes animais com a R. rickettsii, sendo inclusive considerados sentinelas para a circulação da bactéria. Apesar de serem susceptíveis à infecção por R. rickettsii, a doença clínica em cães foi relatada apenas recentemente no Brasil, onde observaram-se sinais comuns da infecção, como febre, anorexia

  5. [Ocular graft-versus-host disease: An often misdiagnosed etiology of dry eye syndrome].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moyal, L; Adam, R; Akesbi, J; Rodallec, F T; Nordmann, J-P

    2017-02-01

    To report a case of severe ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after cataract surgery. Observational case report. We describe the case of a 59-year-old man with postoperative corneal ulcer on his only functional eye. His past history reported allogenic bone marrow transplant. His visual acuity (VA) was limited to hand motions. Slit lamp examination revealed diffuse conjunctival hyperemia, severe blepharitis, Meibomian dysfunction, total corneal opacification with epithelial and stromal keratitis and neovascular invasion. Because of the severe dry eye symptoms and history of allogenic hematological stem cell transplantation, ocular GVHD was diagnosed. Functional and anatomical improvement occurred rapidly with topical cyclosporine 2%, with improved VA after treatment. With any severe dry eye syndrome in the context of allogenic bone marrow transplant, ocular GVHD must be considered. For planned ocular surgery, we recommend adding cyclosporine 0.1% treatment before and after surgery to prevent severe ocular GVHD. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  6. Gender specific issues in hereditary ocular disorders.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iragavarapu, Saradha; Gorin, Michael B

    2015-02-01

    This review is intended to summarize the current knowledge from basic science and clinical medical literature cited within PubMed that pertain to gender-related factors and affect those individuals with hereditary ocular disorders. We consider gender-related biological factors that (a) affect disease onset and progression, (b) gender differences for major X-linked ocular disorders, (c) gender-specific conditions, (d) medications that may influence genetic eye disorders, and finally, (e) gender-related issues that influence the management and quality of life of these patients. Several studies have demonstrated the manner in which sex-related hormones in animal models are capable of influencing cell pathway and survival that are likely to affect hereditary eye disorders. There are very few clinical studies that provide compelling evidence for gender differences in human ocular conditions, other than for a number of X-linked disorders. Disease expression for X-linked disorders may be impacted by genetic mechanisms such as lyonization or uniparental disomy. Clinical evidence regarding the impact of gender-related medical conditions and therapies on eye conditions is extremely limited and primarily based on anecdotal evidence. Gender-specific factors may play a major role in the underlying biological pathways that influence the onset, rate of progression, and clinical findings associated with ocular genetic conditions. Clinicians need to be aware of the variable phenotypes observed in female carriers of X-linked disorders of gender specific issues, many of which are inadequately addressed in the current literature. Clinicians need to be sensitive to gender differences in social, cultural, and religious systems and they should also be aware of how their own gender biases may influence how they counsel patients. Finally, it is clear that the lack of effective clinical studies in this area creates an opportunity for future research that will have real benefits for these

  7. Epidemiological study of ocular trauma in an urban slum population in Delhi, India

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vats, S; Chandra, M; Gupta, S K; Vashist, P; Gogoi, M

    2008-01-01

    Purpose: To study the epidemiology and clinical profile of victims of ocular trauma in an urban slum population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted on 500 families each in three randomly selected urban slums in Delhi, collected demographic data for all members of these families, and clinical data for all those who suffered ocular trauma at any time, that required medical attention. Data was managed on SPSS 11.0. Results: Of 6704 participants interviewed, 163 episodes of ocular trauma were reported by 158 participants (prevalence = 2.4%, confidence interval = 2.0 to 2.7) Mean age at trauma was 24.2 years. The association between the age of participants and the history of ocular trauma was significant (P < 0.001), when adjusted for sex, education and occupation. Males were significantly more affected. Blunt trauma was the commonest mode of injury (41.7%). Blindness resulted in 11.4% of injured eyes ( P = 0.028). Of 6704 participants, 1567 (23.4%) were illiterate, and no association was seen between education status and trauma, when adjusted for sex and age at injury. A significant association was noted between ocular trauma and workplace (Chi-square = 43.80, P < 0.001), and between blindness and place (Chi-square = 9.98, P = 0.041) and source (Chi-square = 10.88, P = 0.028) of ocular trauma. No association was found between visual outcome and the time interval between trauma and first consultation (Chi-square = 0.50, P = 0.78), between receiving treatment and the best corrected visual acuity (Chi-square = 0.81, P = 0.81), and between the person consulted and blinding ocular trauma (Chi-square = 1.88, P = 0.170). Conclusion: A significant burden of ocular trauma in the community requires that its prevention and early management be a public health priority. PMID:18579991

  8. Epidemiological study of ocular trauma in an urban slum population in Delhi, India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vats S

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: To study the epidemiology and clinical profile of victims of ocular trauma in an urban slum population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted on 500 families each in three randomly selected urban slums in Delhi, collected demographic data for all members of these families, and clinical data for all those who suffered ocular trauma at any time, that required medical attention. Data was managed on SPSS 11.0. Results: Of 6704 participants interviewed, 163 episodes of ocular trauma were reported by 158 participants (prevalence = 2.4%, confidence interval = 2.0 to 2.7 Mean age at trauma was 24.2 years. The association between the age of participants and the history of ocular trauma was significant ( P < 0.001, when adjusted for sex, education and occupation. Males were significantly more affected. Blunt trauma was the commonest mode of injury (41.7%. Blindness resulted in 11.4% of injured eyes ( P = 0.028. Of 6704 participants, 1567 (23.4% were illiterate, and no association was seen between education status and trauma, when adjusted for sex and age at injury. A significant association was noted between ocular trauma and workplace (Chi-square = 43.80, P < 0.001, and between blindness and place (Chi-square = 9.98, P = 0.041 and source (Chi-square = 10.88, P = 0.028 of ocular trauma. No association was found between visual outcome and the time interval between trauma and first consultation (Chi-square = 0.50, P = 0.78, between receiving treatment and the best corrected visual acuity (Chi-square = 0.81, P = 0.81, and between the person consulted and blinding ocular trauma (Chi-square = 1.88, P = 0.170. Conclusion: A significant burden of ocular trauma in the community requires that its prevention and early management be a public health priority.

  9. Raman Spectroscopy of Ocular Tissue

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ermakov, Igor V.; Sharifzadeh, Mohsen; Gellermann, Warner

    The optically transparent nature of the human eye has motivated numerous Raman studies aimed at the non-invasive optical probing of ocular tissue components critical to healthy vision. Investigations include the qualitative and quantitative detection of tissue-specific molecular constituents, compositional changes occurring with development of ocular pathology, and the detection and tracking of ocular drugs and nutritional supplements. Motivated by a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to cataract formation in the aging human lens, a great deal of work has centered on the Raman detection of proteins and water content in the lens. Several protein groups and the hydroxyl response are readily detectable. Changes of protein compositions can be studied in excised noncataractous tissue versus aged tissue preparations as well as in tissue samples with artificially induced cataracts. Most of these studies are carried out in vitro using suitable animal models and conventional Raman techniques. Tissue water content plays an important role in optimum light transmission of the outermost transparent ocular structure, the cornea. Using confocal Raman spectroscopy techniques, it has been possible to non-invasively measure the water to protein ratio as a measure of hydration status and to track drug-induced changes of the hydration levels in the rabbit cornea at various depths. The aqueous humor, normally supplying nutrients to cornea and lens, has an advantageous anterior location for Raman studies. Increasing efforts are pursued to non-invasively detect the presence of glucose and therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic drugs in this medium. In retinal tissue, Raman spectroscopy proves to be an important tool for research into the causes of macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible vision disorders and blindness in the elderly. It has been possible to detect the spectral features of advanced glycation and advanced lipooxydation end products in

  10. Dificuldade visual em escolares: conhecimentos e ações de professores do ensino fundamental que atuam com alunos que apresentam visão subnormal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gasparetto Maria Elisabete R. Freire

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: 1 Verificar os conhecimentos e ações desenvolvidas por professores do ensino fundamental, que atuam com alunos que apresentam visão subnormal, em relação aos sinais e sintomas indicativos de dificuldades visuais dos alunos; 2 Obter informações indispensáveis ao planejamento de ações preventivas direcionadas à saúde ocular na escola. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se levantamento entre professores do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas do município de Campinas/SP, que atuavam com alunos que apresentavam visão subnormal, no ano letivo de 1999. Foram incluídas 23 escolas onde se localizava essa população. Foi utilizado questionário auto-aplicável como instrumento de coleta de dados. RESULTADOS: De 84 professores, 68 (81% responderam ao questionário. A média de tempo de experiência profissional de magistério era de 20,8 anos. A maioria (92,6% não relatou formação na área da deficiência visual. Em relação ao conhecimento sobre os sinais e sintomas indicativos de dificuldade visual, a maioria indicou a dificuldade para ler na lousa (94,1%, seguida da cefal��ia (89,7% e a aproximação exagerada dos objetos aos olhos (88,2%. Desses professores, 55,9% identificaram alunos que apresentavam dificuldades visuais. Entre os que declararam ter identificado esses alunos, 84,2% proveram orientações ao escolar e 63,2% aos familiares para encaminhamento do problema. Somente 26,3% orientaram o aluno a procurar o oftalmologista. CONCLUSÃO: Os professores apresentaram conhecimento insuficiente quanto à saúde ocular e, portanto, as ações desenvolvidas não foram completas e abrangentes. Sugere-se a implantação de um programa de saúde ocular em todo o sistema público de ensino, visando desenvolver ações de prevenção da incapacidade visual, promoção e recuperação da saúde ocular.

  11. Clinical analysis on 159 cases of mechanical ocular trauma

    OpenAIRE

    Zi-Yao Liu; Ya-Zhi Fan; Yu-Ping Zheng; Jian-Ming Wang

    2013-01-01

    AIM: To provide the basis of security guidance and decreasing the incidence through a general investigation of the mechanical ocular trauma among all the common causes, occasions where getting hurt as well as the characteristics of the high-risk group, and by further analysis and monitoring of the clinical cases and follow-up visit, study the related key factors of influencing the prognosis statistically. METHODS: The data of the 159 cases with mechanical ocular trauma were recorded.RESULTS: ...

  12. Saccular impact on ocular torsion

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Graaf, B. de; Bos, J.E.; Groen, E.L.

    1996-01-01

    When someone is tilted laterally the sheer force on the maculae of the utriculus and the sacculus is described by the sine and the cosine of the angle of tilt, respectively. So both the sacculus and the utriculus are stimulated, but in the litera-ture ocular torsion is normally attributed to

  13. Characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China:2006-2011

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ying Qi

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in this region. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China from 2006 to 2011 was performed. RESULTS: This study included 5964 eyes of 5799 patients. The average age was 35.5±21.8y with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. The most common age was 45-59y age group. Most patients were farmers and workers (51.9%. The most common injuries were firework related (24.5%, road traffic related (24.2%, and work related (15.0%. Among the most common causative agents were firecrackers (24.5%, followed by metal/knife/scissors (21.4%. Most injuries occurred in January (14.2%, February (27.0%, and August (10.0%. There were 8.5% patients with ocular injuries combined with other injuries. The incidence of open ocular injuries (4585 eyes, 76.9% was higher than closed ocular injuries (939 eyes, 15.7%. The incidences of chemical and thermal ocular injuries were 1.2% and 0.6%. Ocular trauma score (OTS predicted final visual acuity at non light perception (NLP, 20/200-20/50 and 20/40 with a sensitivity of 100%, and light perception (LP/hand motion (HM and 1/200-19/200 with a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides recent epidemiological data of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China. Some factors influencing the visual outcome include time interval between injury and visit to the clinic, wound location, open or closed globe injury, initial visual acuity, and OTS.

  14. Evaluation of Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Glaucoma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mathews, Priya M.; Ramulu, Pradeep Y.; Friedman, David S.; Utine, Canan A.; Akpek, Esen K.

    2013-01-01

    Purpose To evaluate the subjective and objective measures of ocular surface disease in patients with glaucoma. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Sixty-four glaucoma subjects with bilateral visual field (VF) loss and 59 glaucoma suspects with normal VFs. Methods Consecutive patients were recruited prospectively from the Wilmer Eye Institute Glaucoma Clinic. Main Outcome Measures Tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining score (0–15), and Schirmer’s test results were included as objective metrics, whereas the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was administered to assess symptoms. Total OSDI score, vision-related subscore (derived from questions about vision and task performance), and discomfort-related subscore (derived from questions about ocular surface discomfort) were calculated for each subject. Results Seventy-five percent (48/64) of glaucoma subjects and 41% (24/59) of glaucoma suspects were receiving topical medications. The corneal staining grade was greater in glaucoma subjects than in glaucoma suspects (6.4 vs. 4.1; P0.20 for both). Multivariate regression models showed that topical glaucoma therapy burden was associated with a significantly higher total corneal staining grade (β, +0.9 for each additional glaucoma drop; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–1.3; P0.20 for both). Glaucoma subjects had significantly higher total OSDI scores than glaucoma suspects (16.7 vs. 7.9; Pglaucoma group (11.1 vs. 3.3; Pglaucoma therapy burden was not associated with higher total OSDI score or vision- or discomfort-related subscore (P>0.20 for all). Conclusions Glaucoma is associated with significant ocular surface disease, and topical glaucoma therapy burden seems predictive of corneal staining severity. However, OSDI is a poor metric for capturing ocular surface disease in glaucoma because symptoms seem to be related largely to VF loss. PMID:23714318

  15. Clinical analysis on 159 cases of mechanical ocular trauma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zi-Yao Liu

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available AIM: To provide the basis of security guidance and decreasing the incidence through a general investigation of the mechanical ocular trauma among all the common causes, occasions where getting hurt as well as the characteristics of the high-risk group, and by further analysis and monitoring of the clinical cases and follow-up visit, study the related key factors of influencing the prognosis statistically. METHODS: The data of the 159 cases with mechanical ocular trauma were recorded.RESULTS: We obtained the 159 subjects' ages, genders as well as mechanical ocular trauma characteristic data, such as ocular distributions, the seasons of the injuries occurring, the causes and the occasions of the injuries, the high-risks group and so on. The factors affecting the visual prognosis,univariate analysis showed that the difference between urban and rural areas was a related influencing factor while the consulting hours and the ages of the patients were irrelevant. In the multivariate Logistic regression model of complications that affected the visual prognosis, there were four main factors leading to poor eyesight: endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, luxation or subluxation of the lens, prolapse of vitreous. In the multivariate Logistic regression model of the visual prognosis of mechanical eye injury, there were three factors of concern that corresponded to poor eyesight: the ages less than 10, zonation Ⅲ, grade of injury more than 3. CONCLUSION: The epidemiologic features of the mechanical ocular trauma in our hospital correspond to the reports from other areas. Appropriate medical care can improve the visual prognosis. Factors such as zonation Ⅲ, ages less than 10, grade of injury more than 3, endophthalmitis with the eye injury, prolapse of vitreous, luxation or subluxation of the lens and so on, indicate poor visual prognosis.

  16. Association between Ocular Sensory Dominance and Refractive Error Asymmetry.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Feng Jiang

    Full Text Available To investigate the association between ocular sensory dominance and interocular refractive error difference (IRED.A total of 219 subjects were recruited. The refractive errors were determined by objective refraction with a fixation target located 6 meters away. 176 subjects were myopic, with 83 being anisometropic (IRED ≥ 0.75 D. 43 subjects were hyperopic, with 22 being anisometropic. Sensory dominance was measured with a continuous flashing technique with the tested eye viewing a Gabor increasing in contrast and the fellow eye viewing a Mondrian noise decreasing in contrast. The log ratio of Mondrian to Gabor's contrasts was recorded when a subject just detected the tilting direction of the Gabor during each trial. T-test was used to compare the 50 values collected from each eye, and the t-value was used as a subject's ocular dominance index (ODI to quantify the degree of ocular dominance. A subject with ODI ≥ 2 (p < 0.05 had clear dominance and the eye with larger mean ratio was the dominant one. Otherwise, a subject had an unclear dominance.The anisometropic subjects had stronger ocular dominance in comparison to non-anisometropic subjects (rank-sum test, p < 0.01 for both myopic and hyperopic subjects. In anisometropic subjects with clear dominance, the amplitude of the anisometropia was correlated with ODI values (R = 0.42, p < 0.01 in myopic anisometropic subjects; R = 0.62, p < 0.01 in hyperopic anisometropic subjects. Moreover, the dominant eyes were more myopic in myopic anisometropic subjects (sign-test, p < 0.05 and less hyperopic in hyperopic anisometropic subjects (sign-test, p < 0.05.The degree of ocular sensory dominance is associated with interocular refractive error difference.

  17. Lenalidomide, an anti-tumor drug, regulates retinal endothelial cell function: Implication for treating ocular neovascular disorder

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dong, Ling-Feng; Yao, Jin; Wang, Xiao-Qun; Shan, Kun; Yang, Hong; Yan, Biao; Jiang, Qin

    2015-01-01

    Ocular angiogenesis is an important pathologic character of several ocular diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inhibition of ocular angiogenesis has great therapeutic value for treating these dieses. Here we show that lenalidomide, an anti-tumor drug, has great anti-angiogenic potential in ocular diseases. Lenalidomide inhibits retinal endothelial cell viability in normal and pathological condition, and inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. Moreover, lenalidomide inhibits ocular angiogenesis in vivo through the reduction of angiogenesis- and inflammation-related protein expression. Collectively, lenalidomide is a promising drug for treating ocular angiogenesis through its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory property. - Highlights: • Lenalidomide inhibits retinal endothelial cell viability in vitro. • Lenalidomide inhibits retinal endothelial cell migration and tube formation. • Lenalidomide inhibits pathological ocular angiogenesis in vivo. • Lenalidomide inhibits angiogenesis- and inflammation-related protein expression.

  18. Lenalidomide, an anti-tumor drug, regulates retinal endothelial cell function: Implication for treating ocular neovascular disorder

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dong, Ling-Feng; Yao, Jin; Wang, Xiao-Qun; Shan, Kun; Yang, Hong [Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (China); The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (China); Yan, Biao, E-mail: yanbiao1982@hotmail.com [Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (China); The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (China); Jiang, Qin, E-mail: jiangqin710@126.com [Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (China); The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing (China)

    2015-10-02

    Ocular angiogenesis is an important pathologic character of several ocular diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inhibition of ocular angiogenesis has great therapeutic value for treating these dieses. Here we show that lenalidomide, an anti-tumor drug, has great anti-angiogenic potential in ocular diseases. Lenalidomide inhibits retinal endothelial cell viability in normal and pathological condition, and inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. Moreover, lenalidomide inhibits ocular angiogenesis in vivo through the reduction of angiogenesis- and inflammation-related protein expression. Collectively, lenalidomide is a promising drug for treating ocular angiogenesis through its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory property. - Highlights: • Lenalidomide inhibits retinal endothelial cell viability in vitro. • Lenalidomide inhibits retinal endothelial cell migration and tube formation. • Lenalidomide inhibits pathological ocular angiogenesis in vivo. • Lenalidomide inhibits angiogenesis- and inflammation-related protein expression.

  19. Nonmydriatic Ocular Fundus Photography in the Emergency Department: How It Can Benefit Neurologists.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bruce, Beau B

    2015-10-01

    Examination of the ocular fundus is a critical aspect of the neurologic examination. For example, in patients with headache the ocular fundus examination is needed to uncover "red flags" suggestive of secondary etiologies. However, ocular fundus examination is infrequently and poorly performed in clinical practice. Nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography provides an alternative to direct ophthalmoscopy that has been studied as part of the Fundus Photography versus Ophthalmoscopy Trial Outcomes in the Emergency Department (FOTO-ED) Study. Herein, the results of the FOTO-ED study are reviewed with a particular focus on the study's implications for the acute care of patients presenting with headache and focal neurologic deficits. In headache patients, not only optic disc edema and optic disc pallor were observed as would be expected, but also a large number of abnormalities associated with hypertension. Based upon subjects with focal neurologic deficits, the FOTO-ED study suggests that the ocular fundus examination may assist with the triage of patients presenting with suspected transient ischemic attack. Continued advances in the ease and portability of nonmydriatic fundus photography will hopefully help to restore ocular fundus examination as a routinely performed component of all neurologic examinations. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

  20. Evaluation of Ocular Irritation and Bioavailability of Voriconazole Loaded Microemulsion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Rakesh; Sinha, Vivek Ranjan

    2017-01-01

    Voriconazole (VCZ), a second-generation antifungal with excellent attributes like, broad-spectrum activity, targeted delivery, and tolerability. VCZ loaded microemulsion could be an effective strategy for efficient ocular delivery of the drug. To perform corneal irritation studies and in vivo delivery of VCZ microemulsion to establish its potential as an efficient ocular delivery system. Ocular irritancy was performed by HETCAM (Hen's Egg Test Chorio Allantoic Membrane) assay, corneal histopathology and Draize test. Ex vivo and in vivo studies were performed to determine permeation efficiency of VCZ microemulsion. The irritation studies suggested the non-irritant nature of the microemulsion. The ex vivo studies performed on excised cornea displayed significant enhancement in drug permeation/penetration from microemulsion in contrast to the drug suspension. Further, the in vivo study confirmed the higher availability of VCZ (from microemulsion) in aqueous humor with minimal nasolacrimal drainage (lower plasma drug content) when compared with the drug suspension. The non-irritant nature and high corneal permeation of VCZ encourages the role of microemulsion as a potential ocular delivery system. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.