eletrificacao rural beneficios: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Sample records for eletrificacao rural beneficios

Rural electrification: benefits in different spheres; Eletrificacao rural: beneficios em diferentes esferas

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Cruz, Cassiano N.P. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Eletrovento Ltda, Incubadora de Empresas de Base Tecnologica], e-mail: cassiano@eletrovento.com.br; Mourad, Anna L. [Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL) Campinas, SP (Brazil). Centro de Tecnologia de Embalagem], e-mail: anna@ital.sp.gov.br; Morinigo, Marcos A. [Comissao de Servicos Publicos de Energia do Estado de Sao Paulo (CSPE), SP (Brazil)], e-mail: mmorinigo@sp.gov.br; Sanga, Godfrey [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: godfrey@fem.unicamp.br

2004-07-01

In the last few decades, there has been a constant migration of rural population to urban areas looking for employment and better quality of life. During the same period, industrial sector grew significantly and became economically more important than the rural sector. Consequently, the industrial sector became government's first development priority. In addition, the energy system was focused on large power plants energy production and high potentials long distance transmissions to large energy consumers, urban centers and industries. Limited efforts were done to provide energy to small and dispersed rural consumers as it seemed to be economically less attractive. This article, therefore, shows the importance of rural electrification over human, economical and social development including its impact across the rural communities' boundaries. While regarded as an important factor for development, rural electrification is, however, a function of many input factors in a mutual dependence relationships, reinforcement and feedback loops. Besides of the evident benefits of increased comfort and satisfaction levels to the rural population, other benefits of rural electrification includes improved access to information and communication media, agricultural mechanization and consequent improvement of the agricultural productivity. Agricultural sector is an important part of the industrial production chain: each R$ 1,00 invested in rural electrification generates R$ 3,00 along the production chain and increases the consumption of durable goods, Word Bank, Gazeta Mercantil (1999). For the population and urbanization control, rural electrification creates favorable conditions to maintain people in the rural areas as such reducing government expenditures for urban infrastructure which is more expensive than the rural one. Moreover, this reduces incidences of unemployment in big cities as it generates jobs in the rural sector. Implementation of a combined rural
CRERAL: one experience in cooperative in rural electrification and a new legislation for the cooperatives; CRERAL: uma experiencia de cooperativa na eletrificacao rural e a nova legislacao para as cooperativas

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Prado, Joao Alderi do [Cooperativa Regional de Eletrificacao Rural do Alto Uruguai LTDA (CRERAL), Campinas, RS (Brazil)], E-mail: creral@st.com.br

2003-01-15

Cooperativa Regional de Eletrificacao Rural do Alto Uruguai LTDA - CRERAL was created in July 23rd, 1969, to take energy to the countryside, because the concessionaire did not use to do that in that time. CRERAL has been distributing electric energy in the countryside for 33 years and, recently, it has been producing energy too. This work shows a brief historic of CRERAL and a new scenario to the cooperatives of rural electrification in relation to the new Brazilian electric model. After 33 years, CRERAL has a great experience in distributing electric energy in the countryside. In 2001, CRERAL had 5,647 partners using the energy in 37 cities in the north region of Rio Grande do Sul, with its head-office in Erechim - RS, with an electric system of 1,781 km of web and 18,890 posts, 1,475 transformers installed with a potency of 17,161 KVA. CRERAL has implanted a model of democratic management, that permits the partners to take part in the decisions of the cooperative, including organized groups in the communities (that are 105 today) and the general assembly. The partners define the priorities, the changes, the investments and the tariff to be charged. With studies starting in 1997, CRERAL started producing energy. In 2000, was inaugurated the first PCH. With a potency of 720 KW, Abauna Dam was responsible for 26% of the energy consumed by the cooperative in 2001. Cascata das Andorinhas PCH Dam, with a potency of 1,000 KW , is being built and it must be working by the end of 2002. The new electric model will bring great changes to the cooperativism of electrification with the possibility that the cooperatives be transformed in permissionaires of public service of energy, but it will also represent a great challenge to be inserted and to continuo existing in this new scenario. (author)
Rural electrification to low cost; Eletrificacao rural de baixo custo

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Ribeiro, Fernando Selles

1993-07-01

Rural electrification is a political matter. Sometimes it is discussed as a social matter, sometimes as an economical matter, sometimes as a technical matter. The political aspect of the decisions is remarkable in all three fields.The present work relies on the concept that poorer producers will only be reached by a rural electrification program, if an alternative technology is used aiming to obtain low cost per connection. The ordinary distribution has a cost which doesn't reach those people. The work shows that target is denied in three moments by ideological reason. In a first moment it is denied by state economical politics, always neglecting giving assistance to poorer producers. In a second moment, it is denied by the utility which claims to have more urging problems to solve. Finally, it is denied by the engineer of distribution who, ideologically, turns to an engineering of primacy, and doesn't o think about the use of a more simplified technology. Actions to intended to interrupt these mechanisms are mentioned. One of the actions aims to introduce in the preparatory studies of engineers deeper discussions concerning the social function of energy. The other action is the proposition of a standard of rural electrification with leads to the solution of the problem, since there is political attention. (author)
Rural electrification to low cost; Eletrificacao rural de baixo custo

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Ribeiro, Fernando Selles

1993-07-01

Rural electrification is a political matter. Sometimes it is discussed as a social matter, sometimes as an economical matter, sometimes as a technical matter. The political aspect of the decisions is remarkable in all three fields.The present work relies on the concept that poorer producers will only be reached by a rural electrification program, if an alternative technology is used aiming to obtain low cost per connection. The ordinary distribution has a cost which doesn't reach those people. The work shows that target is denied in three moments by ideological reason. In a first moment it is denied by state economical politics, always neglecting giving assistance to poorer producers. In a second moment, it is denied by the utility which claims to have more urging problems to solve. Finally, it is denied by the engineer of distribution who, ideologically, turns to an engineering of primacy, and doesn't o think about the use of a more simplified technology. Actions to intended to interrupt these mechanisms are mentioned. One of the actions aims to introduce in the preparatory studies of engineers deeper discussions concerning the social function of energy. The other action is the proposition of a standard of rural electrification with leads to the solution of the problem, since there is political attention. (author)
Impacts evaluation: recent experience in rural electrification; Avaliacao de impactos: experiencia recente em eletrificacao rural

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Pereira, Marcio Giannini; Rodrigues, Alexia de Freitas; Paz, Luciana Rocha Leal da [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Camacho, Cristiane Farias [Fundacao Padre Leonel Franca (FPLF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The electric power is one of the important requirements for the promotion of the social inclusion and of the development, especially in rural areas. In order to fill out this gap, the Brazilian government established as a goal reaches the universalization of the public electric energy services to provide conditions for the improvement of the quality of life of the urban and rural population. In this sense, the evaluation of the recent experiences in rural electrification can be of great help to achieve this objective in an efficient way. The results of such evaluation can point out some actions for the universalization of the attendance seeking for the continuous improvement of the planning and decision making process, either in the direction of the attendance of the proposed goals or in the poverty mitigation. (author)
Beneficios fiscales de las sociedades cooperativas en Venezuela

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Ramírez A., Héctor M.

2013-01-01

En la última década (período 2000-2010) en Venezuela, el número de sociedades cooperativas ha aumentado notablemente. Esto debido al énfasis por parte del Estado en promover la creación de estas asociaciones inmersas en la economía social, otorgando a las mismas diversos beneficios fiscales. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar los beneficios fiscales de las sociedades cooperativas en Venezuela. Se concluye, que las cooperativas poseen varios beneficios fi...
Rural electrification in Santarem: the contribution of micro hydropower; Eletrificacao rural em Santarem: contribuicao das micro centrais hidreletricas

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Els, Rudi Henri Van [Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Lab. de Energia e Ambiente; Diniz, Janaina Deane de Abreu Sa; Souza, Josiane do Socorro Aguiar de; Brasil Junior, Antonio Cesar Pinho; Sousa, Antonio Nazareno Almada de; Kroetz, Jaemir Grasiel [Indalma Industria e Comercio, Santarem, PA (Brazil)

2011-04-15

The municipality of Santarem in the lower Amazon river is the main center in the western region of the state of Para with a population of 274.285 inhabitants, with 31.633 of them living in the rural zone, where only 1.060 rural costumers have access to regular electricity service from the utility provider. This incipient coverage of electricity service in the rural zone urged the local population to look for alternatives. This was found in the use of the hydraulic potential of creeks and rivers with rapids and waterfalls to implement pico and micro hydroelectric plants. So since 2001, 44 pico and 12 micro hydropower plants were installed in the municipalities of Santarem, Belterra and Uruara in the state of Para by local entrepreneurs and communities to attend their basic electricity needs. These systems attend approximately 580 families with a total installed capacity of more than 700 kVA . The consolidation of this technological alternative induced the Regional Superintendent of the Institute for Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA ) and the Municipality of Santarem to elaborate a project to attend the land reform settlements in the region. This led to the installation of 6 micro hydropower (MHP) with a total installed capacity of 820kVA and a 252 km distribution network to attend 1.630 families in the settlements of Moju and Corta Corda. The purpose of this paper is to present the MHP's installed in the region and to show the contribution of these units in the rural electrification of rural settlements in Santarem. The paper discusses also the management model of these units. The survey's methodology consisted in the systematization of project data from the plant builder, INCRA and the municipality. The information was obtained from the official bibliography from the local actors and complemented by field surveys with interviews and observation. Despite the fact that the MHP's are in operation, they are not yet registered in the data base of the
Rural electrification in Santarem: contribution of micro hydroelectric power plants; Eletrificacao rural em Santarem: contribuicao das micro centrais hidreletricas

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Els, Rudi Henri Van; Diniz, Janaina Deane De Abreu Sa; Souza, Josiane do Socorro Aguiar de; Brasil Junior, Antonio Cesar Pinho; Sousa, Antonio Nazareno Almada de [Universidade de Barsilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Lab. de Energia e Ambiente; Kroetz, Jaemir Grasiel [Indalma Industria e Comercio, Santarem, PA (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The municipality of Santarem in the lower Amazon river is the main center in the western region of the state of Para with a population of 274.285 inhabitants, with 31.633 of them living in the rural zone, where only 1.060 rural costumers have access to regular electricity service from the utility provider. This incipient coverage of electricity service in the rural zone urged the local population to look for alternatives. This was found in the use of the hydraulic potential of creeks and rivers with rapids and waterfalls to implement pico and micro hydroelectric plants. So since 2001, 44 pico and 12 micro hydropower plants were installed in the municipalities of Santarem, Belterra and Uruara in the state of Para by local entrepreneurs and communities to attend their basic electricity needs. These systems attend approximately 580 families with a total installed capacity of more than 700 kVA. The consolidation of this technological alternative induced the Regional Superintendent of the Institute for Colonization and Land Reform (INCRA) and the Municipality of Santarem to elaborate a project to attend the land reform settlements in the region. This led to the installation of 6 micro hydropower (MHP) with a total installed capacity of 820kVA and a 252 km distribution network to attend 1.630 families in the settlements of Moju and Corta Corda. The purpose of this paper is to present the MHP's installed in the region and to show the contribution of these units in the rural electrification of rural settlements in Santarem. The paper discusses also the management model of these units. The survey's methodology consisted in the systematization of project data from the plant builder, INCRA and the municipality. The information was obtained from the official bibliography from the local actors and complemented by field surveys with interviews and observation. Despite the fact that the MHP's are in operation, they are not yet registered in the data base of the
Rural electrification based on photovoltaic systems: systemic evaluation and analysis; Eletrificacao rural com sistemas fotovoltaicos: avaliacao e analise sistemicas

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Orellana Lafuente, Renan Jorge

1995-07-01

In spite of all advances made by modern technology, there are still regions which remoteness has made electrification of poor rural localities very difficult or impossible. The only practical solution for these localities is a local, decentralized form of electrical generation, such as solar energy. Based on its availability and potential, together with the scientific and technical advances made in photovoltaic conversion, solar energy is an alternative which is viable for many rural areas in developing countries. The technology has matured sufficiently, but in its application there is still a need for systematization for experiences, especially in the areas of planning and management. The present work deals with a project carried in the community of Chimboata, Chimboata department, Bolivia. The implementation aspects are analysed and the implementation methodology described. Finally, the forms of managing and funding this type of systems are analysed. (author)
BENEFICIOS RELACIONALES, SATISFACCIÓN Y LEALTAD EN EL COMERCIO MINORISTA: UNA COMPARATIVA INTERSECTORIAL

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Ruiz Molina, M.E.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En el contexto del marketing de relaciones, resulta de gran importancia para el establecimiento minorista identificar el tipo de beneficios de la relación que influye en mayor medida sobre sus resultados en términos de satisfacción del cliente y lealtad hacia el minorista, de manera que se garantice una relación continua y satisfactoria. Dichos beneficios pueden tener distinto peso en función del tipo de actividad llevada a cabo por el minorista. El presente trabajo pretende analizar empíricamente un modelo que refleje los distintos tipos de beneficios relacionales obtenidos por los clientes, así como los beneficios obtenidos por la organización en términos de lealtad del consumidor para cuatro tipos de actividades del comercio minorista. Como resultado, observamos el papel de los beneficios de la confianza como antecedente de la satisfacción del cliente, y el efecto de ésta sobre la lealtad.
Beneficiarte: outsourcing en beneficios

OpenAIRE

2013-01-01

Beneficiarte es una empresa orientada a proveer servicios de outsourcing y administración de beneficios, con el fin de mejorar la productividad. En principio, todo aquello que recibe el empleado y que está destinado a remunerar su fuerza de trabajo es salario, pero la ley también permite realizar pagos al empleado que no son constitutivos de salario e incluso algunos permiten un alivio fiscal. A partir de la premisa anterior y el nuevo marco global, las empresas del nuevo milenio han venido ...
Leptina y Lactancia materna: Beneficios fisiológicos

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Fabiola Becerra Bulla

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Este artículo tiene como propósito hacer una revisión teórica de artículos publicados en los últimos once años sobre leptina y la relación con la práctica de la lactancia materna LM, así como los beneficios fisiológicos en la madre. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: ElSevier, PubMed, EBSCo, ScienceDirect, Scielo, AccesMedicine, NCBI, Medline, Clinical Key ElSevier, AcademicSearch Complete y Jstor con los términos MeSH, limitando la búsqueda a artículos basados en evidencia científica desde 2003 al 2014. Criterios de inclusión: artículos de revisión, revisiones sistemáticas, en inglés o español. Resultados: Se revisaron 52 artículos. Se excluyeron aquello cuyo aporte no era relevante o no contaban con suficiente evidencia. Después de hacer la recolección bibliografía se encontró que la leptina más allá de cumplir con múltiples funciones metabólicas, como controlar el apetito y saciedad; también juega un rol importante como factor protector frente a enfermedades como cáncer e infecciones, regulación emocional y regulación de la tensión arterial entre otras. Estas acciones se ven reforzadas en la LM, al ser beneficios adicionales para las madres que realizan esta práctica. Así que lactar conlleva a obtener mayores beneficios y muchos de estos están mediados por la leptina. Conclusión: La LM no solamente representa beneficios para el infante, sino que también se ha relacionado con la activación de cadenas de señalización de la leptina que disminuyen los riesgos a enfermedades crónicas en la madre como la hipertensión, la obesidad, el cáncer y la depresión entre otras.
The rural electric cooperatives in a new scenario of the electric sector; As cooperativas de eletrificacao rural no novo cenario do setor eletrico

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Pelegrini, Marcelo Aparecido; Ribeiro, Fernando Selles; Pazzini, Luiz Henrique Alves [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica. Dept. de Engenharia de Energia e Automacao Eletricas], e-mail: macpel@pea.usp.br, e-mail: fribeiro@pea.usp.br, e-mail: pazzini@pea.usp.br

2004-07-01

The rural electric cooperatives are agents who have always been on the edge of the electric sector. Now, they must be regularized to the new rules of the electric energy public service established by the 1995 Concessions Law. This work provides an evaluation of the Brazilian rural electric cooperatives regulation apparatus and the regularization public policy applied in Sao Paulo. The evaluation focus is the rural citizen, the electric energy consumer and the citizens who have been excluded from this public service. The interpretation of the problem and the study of the regularization process has led to the evidence that the situation reached an impasse. The thesis is that the attitude of regulatory agencies create a paradox where the cooperatives are not covered by the regulation policies with damage to citizens in these areas. Particularly, given that the Brazilian citizens have won the right of electricity access, the citizen who lives in the cooperative area have no protection by State to do this right effective. This work offers an academic proposal to break this institutional impasse, based on the search of the agents' equilibrium. (author)
Rural electrification with photovoltaic solar technology using solar home system; Eletrificacao rural com tecnologia solar fotovoltaica utilizando sistemas isolados autonomos

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Salviano, Carlos Jose Caldas

1999-02-01

The utilization of solar energy, inexhaustible on the earthly scale of time, as heat and light source, today is one of the energetics alternatives more to confront the challenges of the new millennium. Remarkable is the impulse that power generation photovoltaic has received in Brazil. In Pernambuco, state of Brazil, the CELPE - Electric Power Company of Pernambuco, already implanted more than 750 photovoltaic solar home system (95 kW installed) for power supply to rural communities far from the grid connection that come across in commercial operation since 1994. Eight configurations were studied with modifications in their components (panel, battery and charge) with the objective to evaluate the performance and the adequacy of the size these configurations. The parameters utilized for this evaluation were: solar energy diary incident on the panel plat, diary efficiency generator, output voltage on the generator and state of charge the batteries bank. A system of data acquisition automated was fined to measure in real conditions the function of each components, the following parameters: solar radiation incident and temperature on the photovoltaic generator, voltage and generator current, batteries bank and charge and ambient temperature. About the configurations studied, it follows that analysis the operational of characteristics capacity and battery capacity of the SHS utilized, simulating the rural electrification conditions. It was possible to certify the adequate configurations for the load profile will be supply. (author)
Necesidad i beneficios de la jimnástica

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Universidad Nacional, Colombia

2010-01-01

Observaciones sobre los beneficios de la cración de los gimnasios de la Universidad Nacional: Sus ventajas - Decadencia de las razas - Causas jeneradoras - El olvido de la educación física de los niños es la principal - Remedios - Pruebas históricas y documentos estadísticos.
Análisis costo beneficio del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino

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HERNÁNDEZ-PEÑA PATRICIA; LAZCANO-PONCE EDUARDO CÉSAR; ALONSO-DE RUIZ PATRICIA; CRUZ-VALDEZ AURELIO; MENESES-GONZÁLEZ FERNANDO; HERNÁNDEZ-AVILA MAURICIO

1997-01-01

Objetivo. Determinar el costo beneficio de la reorganización del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino (PDOC) mediante intervenciones de garantía de calidad. Material y métodos. Se siguieron tres etapas: a) identificación y cuantificación de costos; b) identificación y cuantificación de beneficios, y c) evaluación económica del costo beneficio. Resultados. El costo unitario de operación por citología -obtención, fijación, el traslado al centro de lectura, su tinción e inter...
The participation of the sectors of electric energy consumption in a rural electrification cooperative; A participacao dos setores de consumo de energia eletrica em uma cooperativa de eletrificacao rural

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Higuchi, Cristiane Aparecida Pelegrin [Instituicao Toledo de Ensino (ITE), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Contabeis], e-mail: cristiane.higuchi@itelefonica.com.br; Siqueira, Jair Antonio Cruz [UNESP, Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas. Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Energia na Agricultura], e-mail: jairsiqueira@fca.unesp.br; Seraphim, Odivaldo Jose [UNESP, Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural], e-mail: seraphim@fca.unesp.br; Ielo, Frederico G. de Paula F. [Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR (Brazil). Dept. de Informatica

2004-07-01

This work had the objective of to evaluate the behavior of the electrical energy distribution in a Rural Electrification Cooperative, placed inside the State of Sao Paulo, embracing the region of the county of Itai, Avare and Paranapanema. Were appraised the electric energy distribution data of the Rural Electrification Cooperative of Itai, Avare and Paranapanema - CERIPA, during the years of 2000, 2001 and 2002. Was evaluated the sale of energy evolution, clearance evolution, general load factor and the electrical distribution for consumer type. The found results allowed to end that the Rural electrification Cooperative, show a good electric energy distribution in residential, rural and irrigation sectors. (author)
Análisis costo beneficio del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino

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HERNÁNDEZ-PEÑA PATRICIA

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar el costo beneficio de la reorganización del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino (PDOC mediante intervenciones de garantía de calidad. Material y métodos. Se siguieron tres etapas: a identificación y cuantificación de costos; b identificación y cuantificación de beneficios, y c evaluación económica del costo beneficio. Resultados. El costo unitario de operación por citología -obtención, fijación, el traslado al centro de lectura, su tinción e interpretación y la notificación de resultados- se estimó en USD$ 11.6. En conjunto, las intervenciones en calidad al PDOC elevarían el costo de cada citología en 32.7%. Sin embargo, la nueva organización generaría una razón beneficio/costo de 2 y un beneficio neto de 88 millones de dólares para los próximos cinco años. Conclusiones. La operación del programa propuesto resulta socialmente deseable, siempre y cuando las modificaciones se lleven a cabo, particularmente la capacitación, la notificación personalizada de los casos positivos, el incremento de cobertura, la introducción de mecanismos de control de calidad, el monitoreo contínuo y el tratamiento en mujeres con anormalidades detectadas.
Beneficios percibidos por adultos mayores incorporados al ejercicio

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René Barrios Duarte

2003-04-01

Full Text Available El propósito del trabajo es conocer los beneficios que perciben los adultos mayores del sexo femenino, con larga permanencia en el ejercicio, y las relaciones que se establecen entre estos y las variables edad, nivel cultural, tiempo de permanencia y ocupación anterior. Se tomó una muestra de 75 personas pertenecientes a 5 círculos de abuelos de Ciudad de La Habana, con edades entre 56 y 90 años, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y una entrevista. Los beneficios percibidos se agruparon en 4 categorías principales: salud, aptitud, psicológicos y sociales. No se encontró relación de dependencia con ninguna de las variables analizadas, aunque sí se encontraron diferencias en categorías específicas. El estudio detalla los beneficios que se pueden percibir con la práctica sistemática en programas destinados al adulto mayor, así como su carácter multidimensional, físico, psicológico y social. Se confirma la importancia del ejercicio y se ofrecen razones para su fomento.The objective of the paper is to find out the benefits that older females receive from practicing exercises for a long time and the relations that are established between these benefits and the variables age, educational level, length of practice and former occupation. A sample of 75 persons from 5 grandfather´s clubs in the City of Havana, aged 56-60 years was administered a socio-demographic questionnaire and an interview. Received benefits were grouped into 4 main categories: health, aptitude, psychological and social. There was no dependence relation with any of the analyzed variables, although differences were found in specific categories. The study detailed the benefits that may be received from systematic physical exercising in programs devoted to older people as well as their multidimensional, physical, psychological and social character. The paper confirmed the importance of exercising and provided reasons for encouraging
Unified costs for the rural electrification in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Custos unificados para a eletrificacao rural em Sao Paulo

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Ribeiro, Fernando Selles; Kurahassi, Luiz Fernando; Pazzini, Luiz Henrique Alves; Galvao, Luiz Claudio Ribeiro; Pelegrini, Marcelo Aparecido [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia de Energia e Automacao Eletricas. Grupo de Energia]. E-mail: kurahass@pea.usp.br

2000-07-01

The Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Economico e Social - BNDES, a Brazilian bank for the economic and social development - worried about the high connections costs practiced by the energy utilities, made some demands to the Sao Paulo State Government, Brazil to become the agent backer of the rural electrification 'Luz da Terra' program. Two of them was the elaboration and adoption of an unified technical norm privileging the adoption of simplified systems of electric energy distribution and an only system of costs establishment compatible with the goals of low medium connection costs for the state. A model of costs establishment was elaborated through the medium prices of market materials and labor activities whose values were more significant in the final composition of the projects. The model was accepted by the utilities participants of the program as a pattern to establish a reference cost for each project to be executed. The advantage of an unified system is that it allows to each project of grid extension to have its costs of materials and labor activities estimated in the same base, independent of the company involved. In spite of not having been adopted by all the utilities ones, the adoption of an unified system and the establishment of reference costs was essential for the control of rural distribution grids prices in the Sao Paulo State. (author)

Rural electrical process and the agroindustrial expansion in Goias state, Brazil; Processo de eletrificacao rural e a expansao da agroindustria no extremo sudoeste goiano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Josias Manoel [Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO (Brazil); Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Goias (CEFET/GO), Goiania, GO (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The electric energy is an important tool to rural communities, promoting quality of life through its use at home or as part of the productive process. The Rural Electrical Project of the State of Goias began with the collaboration between The Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF) and the Electric Company of the State of Goias. The subject of this paper is to characterize the electric energy use in three farms attended by OECF project, in Rio Verde, Jatai and Mineiro. It was done the checking, analysis and description of situations related to the electric installation, motors starting, conservation and use of alternative energy source. It was evident that all farms use electric motors to several purposes (irrigation, manufacture of ration, triturates, mechanic milking, etc). Two farms used electric fences, while only one used hybrid system. It was verified at the visited farms presented an expressive use of the electric energy in its domestic usage as much as an input to the productive process. (author)
Evaluation as a tool for planning: a case study on rural electrification; Avaliacao como instrumento de planejamento: estudo de caso em eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Marcio Giannini; Rodrigues, Alexia de Freitas; Paz, Luciana Rocha Leal da [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Camacho, Cristiane Farias [Fundacao Padre Leonel Franca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

The universalization of access of the electric energy is one of the goals established by the Brazilian government so as to attend the rural and urban population. The arrival of electric energy in remote and low income areas allows these populations to reach one of the basic conditions to improve the quality of life and citizenship. In order to achieve this goal efficiently, it is necessary to build tools that make possible the impact and process evaluation, searching the continuous improvement of the planning and decision making, either in the direction of the attendance of the proposed goals, or in the poverty mitigation. The knowledge originated from evaluation impact studies provides an important contribution to the improvement of social programs, and a return to society as how the public fund is being managed, promoting transparency and focus. In this context, tolls are developed so as to support the impact and process evaluation in terms of rural electrification publics policies, using a study case that includes about 23.000 questionnaires in 21 states, considering the moment before the access (ex-ante) and after (ex-post), during the years of 2000 and 2004. (author)
Coste-beneficio del tratamiento farmacológico de la parálisis cerebral con espasticidad en México

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Arroyave Loaiza Gilma

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La parálisis cerebral con espasticidad produce un alto grado de minusvalía, especialmente en los niños/as menores, su tratamiento se circunscribe a la disminución de las incapacidades pero no se cura totalmente. Existe una intervención farmacológica que permite una calidad de vida mejor, por lo cual se hace una evaluación de costo-beneficio de esa intervención, observando los logros individuales y los beneficios sociales. Métodos: El punto de partida es información nacional de México, obtenida de fuentes secundarias. A los datos base se les proyecta en escenarios tendenciales de crecimiento del problema de salud y se le aplican los cálculos que permiten dimensionar el problema, para derivar sus beneficios a partir de los indicadores: peso de la enfermedad y años de vida saludables perdidos y ganados, con lo cual se estima el beneficio social y económico que significa la intervención farmacológica que se analiza. Resultados: Los datos muestran que la intervención farmacológica produce un beneficio inmediato porque se disminuye el peso de la enfermedad de 0,92 a 0,40. En el nivel individual el máximo beneficio se expresa en el incremento de la calidad de vida de los menores entre 6 y 12 años que padecen la minusvalía, al pasar de 0,08 a 0,60 años de vida ajustados por calidad. En el nivel nacional se recuperarían 595.817 años de vida saludables, que serían perdidos al realizar la intervención. El valor monetario que significa la intervención corresponde a $ 2.725.00 pesos mexicanos ($ 283.00 dólares de Estados Unidos de América por administración del medicamento durante un año a cada niño con la minusvalía. Conclusiones: La intervención significa un coste bajo, porque revertir los procesos neurológicos y fisiológicos de la parálisis cerebral es imposible en la actualidad, por lo tanto incrementar la calidad de vida de los menores enfermos es el máximo beneficio posible. El análisis coste-beneficio
Costs of elephant grass gasification for rural electric power generation; Custos da gaseificacao de graminea para eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fernandes, Marcelo Cortes; Sanchez, Caio Glauco; Angulo, Mario Barriga [Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Engenharia Termica e de Fluidos

2000-07-01

Biomass gasification is an sustainable option for energy supply, which presents low pollutants emission rate and allows - through the global cycle of growing and consumption of feedstock (vegetables), a balance between consumption and production of carbonic gas, preventing an increase of the carbonic gas levels in the atmosphere. Fluidized bed gasification is a means to increase the energetic use of biomass. A gasifier was built with internal diameter of 400 mm and total height of 4600 mm . The equipment was tested for gasification of elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum) at a 100 kg/h rate. It was evaluated an adequate diesel-electric-generator to work at hybrid regime, using 70% biomass gas and 30% diesel. With the equipment's construction costs, could be made a first economic feasibility assessment on the pilot-plant to produce electricity by grass gasification (elephant-grass) at rural communities. The annual cost of the investment was estimated. The cost of electricity was calculated as a function of the capital cost and the diesel price. The methods and equations for economic assessment are presented. This study found values between 0,16 and 0,23 R$/kWh for the produced electricity, what points towards the feasibility of this project. (author)
¿Cuánto afectan los beneficios asistenciales en el rendimiento académico?

OpenAIRE

Aspeé, Juan; González, José

2016-01-01

Resumen:Este estudio analizó los efectos de la entrega de beneficios asistenciales (de mantención, de residencia y de alimentación), dispuestos por la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María y por organismos gubernamentales de Chile, en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de la misma institución. Para cumplir con dicho propósito, se recurrió a una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, que examinó bases de datos institucionales, donde se incorporaron 3.204 estudiantes con beneficios asisten...
Beneficios del programa prosa en el desarrollo personal y social de los alumnos del Colegio Santa Margarita de Lima

OpenAIRE

Del Río Labarthe, Rafael

2015-01-01

La tesis busca identificar los beneficios del programa PROSA (Promoviendo el servicio entre los alumnos) en los ámbitos personal y social de un grupo de alumnos líderes de 4to y 5to secundaria del colegio "Santa Margarita". Para ello, se encuestó a los 12 alumnos líderes encargados de este programa para ver qué beneficios les reporta servir a sus compañeros menores. Finalmente, a opinión de los entrevistados uno de los beneficios del programa PROSA, es la de forjar una cultura de integración....
El Beneficio Anormal en el Modelo de Ohlson: una Propuesta para su Estimación

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Jose M. Tirado Beltrán

2007-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se realiza una propuesta metodológica para la estimación del beneficio anormal esperado que requiere la dinámica lineal de la información del modelo de Ohlson (1995. Dicha propuesta, basada en técnicas de remuestreo, permite tanto la estimación de un valor para el beneficio esperado, como el establecimiento de intervalos de confianza para dicho valor y para el valor estimado de las acciones. La metodología propuesta, sin necesidad de recurrir a estimaciones subjetivas, proporciona resultados tan buenos como los de otros modelos que, asumiendo persistencia en los beneficios anormales esperados, utilizan predicciones de los analistas.PALABRAS CLAVE: modelo de Ohlson, beneficios anormales, valoración, remuestreoJEL: G-11, G-12.ABSTRACTIn this paper we propose a model to estimate the expected abnormal earnings required by the linear information dynamics of the Ohlson’s (1995 model. Our proposal, based on ootstrapping techniques, allows us to estimate easily the value of the expected abnormal earnings. Furthermore, it allows us the estimation of confidence intervals for this value and for the estimated values of stock prices. The empirical application of the model that we have done in the paper has provided the following results: the forecasting power of our proposal is as good as the one provided by other models that, as ours, assume persistence in the expected abnormal earnings, but, additionally, require subjective opinions for their estimation.
Beneficios en la calidad de vida de las embarazadas que realizan actividad física

OpenAIRE

Pisani, Virginia

2015-01-01

La relación entre el ejercicio físico y el embarazo ha evolucionado adaptándose con el paso del tiempo y las gestantes han recibido todo tipo de consejos sobre cómo llevar mejor este proceso. Es por esto que con la siguiente investigación he pretendido demostrar los beneficios en la calidad de vida de las embarazadas que realizan actividad física. Objetivo General: Identificar los beneficios en la calidad de vida de las embarazadas de la Ciudad de Mar del Plata que realizan act...
Perspectives for rural electrification in the new economic and institutional scenario of the brazilian electric sector; Perspectivas para a eletrificacao rural no novo cenario economico-institucional do setor eletrico brasileiro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Luciana Correa de

2001-03-15

This thesis discusses the energy deficit in Brazilian rural areas, from the viewpoint of the ongoing reform, which is establishing a new economic and institutional model for the electric sector. The main objective of this inquiry is to reveal the perspectives for the solution of the rural energy problem, by means of a critical examination of the legal and executive initiatives related to the expansion of electric coverage, indicating the priority level of rural electrification within the reform. This analysis infers the need of an innovative reform approach, different from the solutions employed by developed countries, due to peculiar characteristics of the Brazilian case. (author)
Niveles de actividad física, beneficios, barreras y autoeficacia en un grupo de empleados oficiales

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MARÍA MERCEDES BECERRA MARTÍNEZ

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física y la percepción de los beneficios, las barreras y la autoeficacia en un grupo de empleados de 18 a 65 años con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Método: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional. Para evaluar la actividad física se utilizó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ versión larga y para la evaluación de la escala de barreras, beneficios y autoeficacia se empleó el cuestionario de Nola Pender (EBBS. Muestra: conformada por 243 empleados. Resultados: el 65,8% de los empleados eran activos físicamente, los hombres 70,9% y las mujeres 61,7%. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre METS y autoeficacia y beneficios de la actividad física; no se evidencia correlación entre actividad física y barreras. Conclusiones: los hombres son más activos físicamente que las mujeres, los niveles de actividad física se elevan con la edad y disminuyen cuando aumenta el nivel educativo. La percepción de los beneficios de la actividad física en las personas sedentarias fue mayor que en personas físicamente activas.
Beneficios percibidos de las lesiones deportivas: Estudio cualitativo en futbolistas profesionales y semiprofesionales

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Pedro L. Almeida

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y analizar los beneficios percibidos asociados a la lesión deportiva, en 16 futbolistas profesionales y semiprofesionales que se habían lesionado durante su práctica deportiva. Para la recogida de datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, siendo el análisis de contenido efectuado través del software QSR Nvivo 2.0. Los participantes reportaron 31 beneficios percibidos en todo su proceso de lesión, siendo el apoyo social y la educación deportiva los más referidos. Las conclusiones apuntan para la importancia de incluir aspectos positivos para una comprensión más clara y completa del impacto global de las lesiones deportivas.
Plaadid / Immo Mihkelson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mihkelson, Immo, 1959-

2004-01-01

Uutest heliplaatidest Gretchen Wilson "Here For The Party", A Bossa Eletrica "Eletrificacao", "Liinatuuraq", The Temptations "Legacy", Mike & The Mechanics+Paul Carrack "Rewired", Pauline London "Quiet Skies"
Niveles de actividad física, beneficios, barreras y autoeficacia en un grupo de empleados oficiales

OpenAIRE

MARÍA MERCEDES BECERRA MARTÍNEZ; LUZ PATRICIA DÍAZ HEREDIA

2008-01-01

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física y la percepción de los beneficios, las barreras y la autoeficacia en un grupo de empleados de 18 a 65 años con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Método: estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional. Para evaluar la actividad física se utilizó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) versión larga y para la evaluación de la escala de barreras, beneficios y autoeficacia se empleó el cuestionario de ...
Visión Comunitaria de los Beneficios Derivados del Ecoturismo en el Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu (Amazonas, Colombia

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Fredy A Ochoa Fonseca

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El ecoturismo es visto como oportunidad para el desarrollo, la conservación y la generación de beneficios para las comunidades; bajo esta perspectiva, Parques Nacionales en el año 2004 entrega en concesión los servicios ecoturísticos del PNN Amacayacu, proceso que ha traído interrogantes e inconformidades. Esta investigación busca analizar la visión que tienen las comunidades del PNN Amacayacu sobre los beneficios derivados del ecoturismo, mediante una metodología cualitativa que establece la percepción de la comunidad frente al problema. Los resultados muestran al ecoturismo como un modelo exógeno de desarrollo que genera beneficios, pero también impactos en los modos de vida y la cultura local; muestran también que, más allá de los beneficios monetarios, existen otros como la participación en la toma de decisiones que son más valiosos para las comunidades. Finalmente, muestra la relevancia de cuestionarse sobre cuál es el tipo de desarrollo al que se le apunta desde el ecoturismo y la importancia de que sean las mismas comunidades quienes lo definan.
LOS BENEFICIOS DE LA LECTURA COMPARTIDA DE LIBROS: BREVE REVISIÓN

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Edurne Goikoetxea Iraola

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La lectura compartida de libros infantiles ilustrados se refiere a la lectura en voz alta que hace un adulto en compañía de un niño, generalmente prelector. Esta actividad es una de las prácticas que se tiene en cuenta en los estudios sociológicos y económicos sobre inversión parental y logro educativo. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar los beneficios de la lectura compartida y describir las posibles razones que explican estos beneficios. La investigación realizada con niños de diferente clase social y nivel de desarrollo del lenguaje ha demostrado que la lectura compartida tiene importantes efectos directos en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y el conocimiento de lo impreso, e indirectos en la alfabetización temprana y el aprendizaje de la lectura. Se presentan los principales modelos de interacción durante la lectura: la lectura dialógica y la lectura con énfasis en lo impreso. También se analizan las características de la lectura compartida que mejor explican su beneficio tales como el hecho de tratarse de una actividad rutinaria, el rico vocabulario de los libros, el estilo de interacción entre el adulto y el niño, la experiencia emocional que genera y la exposición al texto escrito. Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones educativas incluyendo orientaciones acerca de la frecuencia de la lectura compartida, la edad de inicio, las características de los libros, la función del entrenamiento y los modelos de interacción entre el adulto y el niño para el óptimo desarrollo de esta actividad tan valiosa en la alfabetización temprana y el posterior rendimiento y hábito lector.
Régimen jurídico del trabajo rural

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Héctor Zapirain

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La explotación rural se encuentra sujeta a diversos factores que le otorgan características singulares. Se trata de una actividad asentada preponderantemente en el campo donde el uso de la tierra es esencial. Actividad que, en su ejecución y resultado, depende estrechamente de la naturaleza, de los ciclos biológicos y de las variaciones climáticas. Existe una distancia entre tiempo de trabajo y tiempo de producción. Esta explica, entre otras causas, la tendencia a la precarización de la mano de obra rural. El trabajo regular o permanente, a tiempo completo y remunerado, no es la modalidad predominante, principalmente de países en desarrollo. Esas particularidades han contribuido a la creación de una legislación especial. Una práctica que se observa en la legislación laboral comparada. Orientación que ha influido en el legislador uruguayo.Introducción. Primera parte. Conceptos generales: Trabajo rural (agrario. Peculiaridades especiales de la actividad rural. La reglamentación del trabajo en el agro. Segunda parte. Estatuto del trabajador rural: Breve reseña de la evolución legislativa. Precisiones pertinentes. Trabajador rural. Tiempo de trabajo y régimen de descansos. Feriados y vacaciones anuales. Salario y beneficios complementarios. Otras prestaciones a cargo del empleador rural. Seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Régimen de despido. Contralor administrativo
Los beneficios de aplicar las TICs en la Universidad

OpenAIRE

Lorena Bodero; Zoila Alvarado

2014-01-01

El siguiente artículo despliega un análisis sobre los beneficios de aplicar las TICs en la universidad, siendo considerada la tecnología como el artífice de innumerables acciones que desencadenan éxitos y fracasos en los diferentes ámbitos del desarrollo personal y profesional. En la universidad las TICs se han convertido en un instrumento del conocimiento, indispensable para alcanzar un nivel de educación de calidad, en que los docentes y estudiantes son los actores beneficiados con su aplic...
Diferencias entre contabilidad y fiscalidad en la contabilización del Impuesto sobre Beneficios en las Empresas según el nuevo Plan General Contable

OpenAIRE

ALONSO GARAY, ALBERTO

2013-01-01

El beneficio fiscal puede diferir del beneficio contable como consecuencia de las diferencias entre los criterios de contabilidad y fiscalidad, unas veces de carácter permanente y otras de carácter temporal, el presente trabajo se mostrará un análisis exhaustivo de tales diferencias, así como se analizarán los elementos más relevantes del Impuesto sobre Beneficios y el Impuesto sobre Sociedades. Entre las asignaturas relacionadas con el Título Especialista Profesional en Con...
Beneficios de las terapias ecuestres. Estudio de caso: Asociación Hispalense de Terapias Ecuestres y la Herradura

OpenAIRE

González Prior, Marta

2016-01-01

En el ámbito de la diversidad funcional, son muchas las terapias que podemos encontrar como método de rehabilitación y de mejora de las áreas afectadas de este colectivo. La naturaleza y los animales, en nuestro caso los caballos, son los factores que diferencian las terapias ecuestres del resto, aportando multitud de beneficios, no sólo en el área física, sino también en áreas psicológicas y sociales. Numerosas investigaciones centran su objetivo en estudiar los beneficios en las personas qu...
Valoración económica del ruido: una aplicación a través del método de transferencia de beneficios

OpenAIRE

Correa Restrepo, Francisco Javier; Osorio Múnera, Juan David; Patiño Valencia, Bernardo Andrés

2011-01-01

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación a la valoración económica de los beneficios de la reducción del ruido generado por infraestructuras de telecomunicaciones en cuatro zonas urbanas del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Así, mediante el método de transferencia de beneficios, en un horizonte a perpetuidad, se obtuvo un valor económico de $79,40 millones para los beneficios generados por la reducción de los niveles de ruido en hogares de cuatro zona...

'Luz para Todos' (Light for Everyone) program: the need for subsidized funding: ELEKTRO case study; Programa luz para todos todos: a necessidade do aporte de recursos subsidiados - estudo de caso ELEKTRO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strazzi, Paulo Ernesto [Secretaria de Saneamento e Energia do Estado de Sao Paulo (CERESP), SP (Brazil); Betiol Junior, Genesio [Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo (UNICID), Tatuape, SP (Brazil); Marques, Fernando [Universidade de Sao Paulo (PIPGE/IEE/USP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Eletrotecnica e Energia. Programa Interunidades de Pos-Graduacao em Energia; Ribeiro, Fernando Selles [Universidade de Sao Paulo (EP/USP), SP (Brazil). Escola Politecnica; Guerra, Fernando Sinclair Mallet Guy [Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil)], email: sguerra@ufabc.edu.br

2008-07-01

In this paper we have analysed the Luz Para Todos (Light For Everyone) program in the state of Sao Paulo. We studied the case of ELEKTRO and focused on cost reduction and the economical and financial feasibility of the program. We used the work and experience of the Comissao de Eletrificacao Rural do Estado de Sao Paulo - CERESP (Rural Electric Commission of the Sao Paulo estate) as the basis of this study, which has developed a tool based on the construction plans of companies and cooperatives. This tool aimed to reduce the project costs uses concepts of low cost materials and equipment as well as the concepts of project finance analysis. It considers the funding source, financial statements of the companies and the return of a project. The Light For Everyone project has a social objective to take electricity to rural regions. It fulfils the needs of low income population. The execution of this program requires the participation of a private player which is an electricity distribution company. The economical and financial feasibility of the project is favoured by governmental subsidies. This study shows the dimension of the return obtained by the private player (executing agent). (author)
Validez de un modelo basado en los costes de transacción para identificar los beneficios de los SIIO

OpenAIRE

Maggiolini,Piercarlo; Vallès,Ramon Salvador

2002-01-01

El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es verificar la validez de un modelo basado en los costes de transacción, para evaluar el impacto de la introducción y uso de los Sistemas de Información Interorganizativos (SIIO) en las empresas. Se propone un modelo que considera diferentes tipos de beneficios, y después, a modo exploratorio, se aplica a la identificación de los beneficios obtenidos por el uso de Sistemas de Intercambio Electrónico de Datos (EDI) en un grupo de empresas...
Análisis costo beneficio del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino Cost benefit analysis of the Cervical Cancer Screening Program

OpenAIRE

PATRICIA HERNÁNDEZ-PEÑA; EDUARDO CÉSAR LAZCANO-PONCE; PATRICIA ALONSO-DE RUIZ; AURELIO CRUZ-VALDEZ; FERNANDO MENESES-GONZÁLEZ; MAURICIO HERNÁNDEZ-AVILA

1997-01-01

Objetivo. Determinar el costo beneficio de la reorganización del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino (PDOC) mediante intervenciones de garantía de calidad. Material y métodos. Se siguieron tres etapas: a) identificación y cuantificación de costos; b) identificación y cuantificación de beneficios, y c) evaluación económica del costo beneficio. Resultados. El costo unitario de operación por citología -obtención, fijación, el traslado al centro de lectura, su tinción e inter...
Nanotecnología : ¿beneficios para todos o mayor desigualdad?

OpenAIRE

Foladori, Guillermo; Invernizzi, Noelia

2005-01-01

Foladori, G., Invernizzi, N. (2005). Nanotecnología: ¿beneficios para todos o mayor desigualdad? Redes, 11(21), 55-75. La nanotecnología promete ser la próxima revolución tecnológica. El mercado de nanopartículas es reducido actualmente, pero se espera que en la próxima década se incremente considerablemente. Aunque es frecuentemente presentada como una tecnología limpia y ampliamente benéfica, la nanotecnología ya está generando considerable debate. Rápidamente han emergido controversias ...
Diseño y desarrollo de materiales, procesos y equipos magnetorreológicos para beneficio de materiales

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Marco A. Ardila B

2013-08-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta una síntesis de la revisión bibliográfica hecha sobre fluidos magnetorreológicos, y del estado del arte, fundamentalmente basada en estudios previos realizados por los grupos de investigación en carbones y carboquímica y, materiales siderúrgicos de la UPTC, tendiente a determinar propiedades magnetorreologicas en mezclas de aceite automotriz con partículas metálicas[1], en el cual se llevó acabo un análisis comparativo de mezclas de aceite automotriz con magnetita y partículas metálicas, para establecer comportamiento su magnetorreológico.. Igualmente se relacionan los procedimientos aplicados para la preparación mecánica de magnetita mineral y las reacciones químicas para la síntesis de magnetita en laboratorio. También se presentan los resultados de la caracterización fisicoquímica de la magnetita mineral, mediante análisis químico por Espectrometría y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido(MEB. Estos procedimientos forman parte del proyecto "Diseño y Desarrollo de Materiales, Procesos y Equipos Magnetorreológicos para Beneficio de Minerales "que se encuentra en ejecución por parte de los Grupos de Investigación en Ingeniería Mecánica GilM de la Universidad Santo Tomás y de Carbones y Carboquímica de la UPTC. La metodología propone cuatro fases para el desarrollo del proyecto, así: Fase de estudio y adaptación de los principios tecnológicos de los fluidos magnetorreológicos, Fase de desarrollo de la técnica para aplicar la suspensión magnetorreológica de magnetita al proceso de beneficio de minerales, Fase de desarrollo de la tecnología para el proceso de beneficio de minerales, y una Fase de pruebas y optimización del proceso. Como productos finales, se espera obtener una suspensión de magnetita con propiedades magnetorreológicas, debidamente caracterizada para su aplicación en el proceso de beneficio de minerales por métodos gravimétricos, los equipos de prueba para
Adaptation of rural electricity cooperatives in the State of Parana to the scenario of the electric sector; Adaptacao das cooperativas de eletrificacao rural do estado do Parana ao cenario do setor eletrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Celso Eduardo Lins de [Universidade de Sao Paulo (FZEA/USP), Pirassununga, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos. Dept. de Engenharia de Alimentos], Email: celsooli@fzea.usp.br; Halmenan, Maria Cristina Rodrigues; Reisdoerfer, Eli Carlos; Massochin, Amauri [Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR (Brazil). Programa de Pos Graduacao em Engenharia Agricola], Email: cristhalmeman@gmail.com

2006-07-01

Rural Electrification Cooperatives (REC) has already played a fundamental role in rural electrification process. Bearing in mind changes in legislation towards specific laws that tend to facilitate energy distribution and trade relations, REC has increased there potential to contribute even more to above mentioned process. The present work intended to assess how REC settled in Parana State have adapted themselves to the privatised electrical business scenario as well as to new legal requirements and the presence of great national and international corporations disputing the energy market. Such new electrical market model favors huge changes to the electrification cooperatives, with the possibility of transforming cooperatives into public service energy with governmental permission. Moreover, it also represents a giant challenge for their insertion and continuity in such new scenario, in as much as the REC classification process as public service companies for electric energy distribution has been carried out for years, added to the scarcity of investments on state cooperatives, therefore restricting electric energy supply to residential, rural and irrigation sectors. (author)
Cost comparison of individual and mini grid photovoltaic systems for rural electrification; Comparacao de custos entre sistemas fotovoltaicos individuais e minicentrais fotovoltaicas para eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soares, Guilherme Fleury Wanderley; Vieira, Leonardo dos Santos Reis; Galdino, Marco Antonio Esteves [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], Emails: fleury@cepel.br, lsrv@cepel.br, marcoag@cepel.br; Olivieri, Marta Maria de Almeida; Borges, Eduardo Luis de Paula; Carvalho, Claudio Monteiro de; Lima, Alex Artigiani Neves [Centrais Eletricas Brasileiras S.A. (ELETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], Emails: martaolivieri@eletrobras.com, eduardo_borges@eletrobras.com, claudio.carvalho@eletrobras.com, alex.lima@eletrobras.com

2010-07-01

A cost comparison for individual and mini grid photovoltaic systems is made regarding the use of these systems for rural electrification in Northern Brazil. The estimates for maintenance costs were based on existing experience for individual systems already operating in the region. A comparison was also made between modified automotive lead acid batteries commonly used in photovoltaic systems in Brazil and the much more expensive OPzS tubular types. The results of these evaluations show that the maintenance costs are expected to be lower in the case of the mini grids than in individual systems. This is because for a given number of houses to be supplied with electrical energy, they use a smaller number of components subject to failures, like inverters and charge controllers. OPzS batteries are expected to compensate for their higher prices if their predicted operating lifetime can be confirmed under the practical conditions envisaged. (author)
El beneficio de arenas feldespáticas: una solución para la industria cerámica colombiana

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D. Laverde

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente, la industria cerámica y del vidrio requiere materias primas feldespáticas de alta calidad. Sólo en algunas aplicaciones, los feldespatos pueden ser utilizados tal como se extraen de la mina, sin ninguna clase de beneficio. Sin embargo, en la producción de los esmaltes y pastas de alta calidad se hace necesario un feldespato con un alto grado de pureza. En este trabajo, se presenta el estudio realizado a una arena feldespática del municipio de Sardinata (Norte de Santander, que es empleada por la empresa CERÁMICA ITALIA S.A., de la ciudad de Cúcuta, para la fabricación de esmaltes y pastas utilizados en la fabricación de baldosas cerámicas. En la actualidad, estas arenas se utilizan tal como son extraídas de la mina, sin embargo, debido al alto número de rechazos en los productos actuales y a la implementación de nuevas líneas de productos de mayor calidad, se hace necesario su beneficio. En una primera etapa, se realizó el cálculo de reserva, y se identificaron y cuantificaron los principales contaminantes como hierro, cuarzo y micas, mediante análisis mineralógico y geoquímico. En la segunda etapa, se aplicaron procesos de beneficio de separación magnética para eliminar los óxidos de hierro, y de flotación para separar el cuarzo. Se estudió el efecto de variables como la granulometría, el pH y la concentración de los diferentes reactivos de flotación. En una tercera etapa, y con ayuda de la determinación de las características fisicoquímicas, mineralógicas y metalúrgicas se elaboró el diagrama de flujo apropiado y se seleccionaron y dimensionaron los equipos para el montaje de una planta piloto para el beneficio del mineral.
Los beneficios del ocio juvenil y su contribución al desarrollo humano (The benefits of youth leisure and their contribution to human development

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María Jesús Monteagudo

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza los beneficios del ocio juvenil y su aportación al desarrollo personal y social con el objetivo de esclarecer si el tipo de actividad de ocio, el género, los espacios y el carácter espontáneo u organizado del ocio inciden en la percepción de beneficios emocionales, cognitivos, sociales, físicos y desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades técnicas. La muestra se compone de 1253 jóvenes españoles con edades entre los 16 y 18 años. Los resultados corroboran el influjo de estas variables tanto en la percepción de beneficios como en la naturaleza de los mismos. El ocio físico-deportivo no es solo la práctica más significativa, sino también la que les proporciona un abanico más amplio de retornos positivos. Los chicos obtienen puntuaciones más altas en todos los tipos de beneficios, excepto en los emocionales. Algunos espacios del ocio resultan más proclives para el logro de ciertos beneficios. Finalmente, el ocio organizado aporta mayores beneficios que el no organizado. La discusión sobre el rol de estas variables es clave para hacer del ocio un factor de desarrollo juvenil. | This study aims to explore the benefits of youth leisure in order to clarify whether the type of leisure activity, gender, space and organization of leisure practice affect the perception of different categories of benefits: emotional, cognitive, social physical and the acquisition of abilities and technical skills. The sample consists of 1253 young Spaniards aged between 16 and 18 years. The results confirm the influence of these variables both in the perception of benefits and nature thereof. Physical-sport leisure is not only the most significant practice, but also the one that gives them a wider range of positive returns. The boys score higher in all types of benefits, except for the emotional. Some spaces of leisure are more prone to the achievement of certain benefits. Finally, organized leisure brings greater benefits than non
Análisis de coste-beneficio de un programa de prevención del tabaquismo en escolares Cost-benefit analysis of a school-based smoking prevention program

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Jordi Hormigo Amaro

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar la eficiencia de un programa de prevención del tabaquismo en escolares de Barcelona (programa PASE.bcn. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de coste-beneficio. Como costes se incluyeron los derivados del diseño y la ejecución del programa. Como beneficios se contabilizaron los costes sanitarios y las pérdidas de productividad evitados. La perspectiva de análisis es la social y el año de referencia es 2005. Resultados: Estimando una efectividad del 1%, el programa PASE.bcn lograría un beneficio anual de 1.558.311,46 €. Los beneficios sanitarios por fumador evitado son de 1997,57 €, mientras que los beneficios indirectos por fumador evitado son de 21.260,80 €. Dado que el coste del programa es de 68.526,03 €, la razón beneficio-coste del programa es de 22,74. Conclusiones: Los programas de prevención del tabaquismo en escolares generan un beneficio para la sociedad muy superior a sus costes. Los resultados justifican la aplicación universal de este tipo de programas.Objective: To analyze the efficiency of a school-based smoking prevention program in Barcelona (PASE.bcn program. Methods: A cost-benefit analysis was performed. As costs we included those corresponding to the design and implementation of the program. As benefits we considered healthcare costs and the productivity losses avoided. This study was conducted from a societal perspective, and the estimations of costs and benefits related to 2005. Results: Assuming an effectiveness of 1%, the PASE.bcn program would achieve a total benefit of 1,558,311.46 €. The healthcare benefits per prevented smoker were 1997.57 €, and the indirect benefits per prevented smoker were 21,260.80 €. Given the total cost of the school-based program (68,526.03 €, the cost-benefit ratio was 22.74. Conclusions: From a societal perspective, the benefits of school-based tobacco prevention programs, in terms of healthcare costs and productivity losses avoided, are far
Traducción y validación del Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal en embarazadas de México Translation and Validation of the "Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal" in Mexican pregnant women

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Ana María Quelopana del Valle

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: El propósito principal del presente artículo es describir el proceso de adaptación y validación del Questionnaire of Barriers, Motivators and Facilitators of Prenatal Care Utilization al Modelo de Promoción en Salud (MPS y a población Mexicana. Metodología: El cuestionario original fue inicialmente traducido al español. Se realizó una revisión minuciosa del contenido del instrumento para asegurar validez y congruencia con el MPS. Los reactivos fueron agrupados por subescalas de acuerdo al modelo. El instrumento en español "Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal" fue puesto a prueba con 253 mujeres embarazadas que asistían a la Consulta de Obstetricia en el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, México. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar los grupos o conglomerados de variables relacionadas. Se obtuvieron los coeficientes de confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach para cada una de las subescalas. Resultados: La subescala de beneficios reveló un solo factor con varianza explicada de 41%; Barreras reveló siete factores con varianza explicada de 68%; y Actitud hacia el embarazo reveló tres factores con varianza explicada de 58%. Todos los factores por subescala mantuvieron Valores Característicos (eigenvalues por arriba de 1.0. Conclusión: Se concluye que el Cuestionario de Beneficios y Barreras del Control Prenatal obtuvo validez de sus constructos, con base en el MPS. Las subescalas obtuvieron coeficientes de confiabilidad sobre .70 lo que es aceptable para nuevas escalas psicosociales, confirmándose que las mediciones mantienen una congruencia interna y una homogeneidad integrada de sus reactivos.Objective: The main purpose of the present article is to describe the adaptation and validation process of the questionnaire of "Barriers, Motivators and Facilitators of Prenatal Care Utilization" to the Health Promotion Model (HPM and to Mexican population. Methods: The original questionnaire
LA MAXIMIZACIÓN DEL BENEFICIO EN LAS EMPRESAS DEPURADORAS DE AGUAS RESIDUALES. EL CASO DE VALENCIA (ESPAÑA

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JOSÉ MANUEL BROTONS MARTÍNEZ

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio propone un sistema de maximización de beneficios de una estación depuradora de aguas residuales (EDAR. La presencia de objetivos múltiples impide su consecución simultánea, por lo que se considerará suficiente la consecución de un determinado grado de satisfacción para cada uno de ellos. En ocasiones, resulta muy complicado este último planteamiento, por lo que se permitirán excepcionalmente ciertas violaciones de algunas restricciones, lo que permite concluir que la programación por objetivos borrosa puede ser un instrumento adecuado para este tipo de problemas. En consecuencia, las EDAR tendrán una herramienta precisa para conseguir la maximización de sus beneficios al que se añade un nuevo sistema de medición de la eficiencia en el sector.
Reflexiones en torno a la participación en el desarrollo rural: ¿Reparto social o reforzamiento del poder? LEADER y PRODER en el sur de España

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Francisco Navarro

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La participación es uno de los pilares esenciales del desarrollo rural. Ahora bien, diversas causas (control político, predominio del control descendente, excesivo enfoque en los resultados económicos, etcétera han provocado que los beneficios principales de los Programas de Desarrollo Rural (PDR hayan quedado en manos de unos pocos, las elites económicas y políticas locales. Los colectivos desfavorecidos (mujeres, jóvenes, trabajadores del campo, desempleados, etcétera han sido excluidos. De lo anterior se deriva que la práctica del desarrollo rural origina un reforzamiento del poder. Esto se comprueba mediante el análisis de la aplicación de los PDR en la provincia de Granada para el periodo 1991-2006.
Farmers or rural workers? A current social characterization of rural families of Atamisqui Department, Santiago del Estero ¿Campesinos o asalariados rurales? Una caracterización social actual de las familias rurales del Departamento de Atamisqui, Santiago del Estero

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Agustina Desalvo

2011-01-01

asalariado desarrollado en distintas actividades rurales (aunque especialmente en el desflore de maíz y la cosecha de arándanos y de transferencias diversas (jubilaciones, beneficios sociales, remesas. Estos datos nos estarían indicando, en este caso particular, que el sujeto habitualmente caracterizado como campesinado esconde, en realidad, a la clase obrera rural atamisqueña.
La planificación tributaria como instrumento idóneo para maximizar los beneficios económicos: caso del subsector comercializadoras de la rana especie "catesbiana”

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Torres Gallardo, Ana Lucía

2016-01-01

La presente investigación tiene como propósito aplicar la planificación tributaria como instrumento idóneo para maximizar el aprovechamiento de los beneficios e incentivos existentes en nuestro sistema tributario, aplicado al subsector ranicultor. El objetivo principal es proporcionar a los empresarios (principalmente pequeños y medianos) directrices para aprovechar los beneficios e incentivos que la ley establece, e incentivar de esta forma el emprendimiento y la asociación entre empresarios...
Evaluación económica comparada - Análisis de costo beneficio

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Caporale, Joaquín Enzo

2004-01-01

Los recursos disponibles para aquellos encargados de tomar decisiones en el ámbito de la salud y su cuidado son escasos; a la hora de elegir que curso de acción tomar, ellos deben contraponer los beneficios y los costos de dicha acción. Estas decisiones pueden centrarse, generalmente, en la implementación de un nuevo tratamiento y/o programa o en la modificación de uno existente. Es en estos casos cuando se requiere no solo información sobre la efectividad de una intervención en particular, s...
Valoración Económica de los Beneficios Ambientales del Proceso de Depuración de Aguas Residuales.

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Molinos Senante, Maria

2009-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN La Directiva Marco del Agua (2000/60/UE ha supuesto un impulso en el ámbito de la investigación económica dentro del campo del diseño e implementación de políticas eficientes para la gestión de los recursos hídricos. La implementación de políticas eficientes que prevengan la degradación y el agotamiento de los recursos hídricos requiere determinar su valor en términos sociales y económicos e incorporarlo en el proceso de toma de decisiones. El proceso de depuración de aguas residuales tiene asociados diversos beneficios ambientales. Sin embargo, estos beneficios a menudo no son calculados porque no tienen precio de mercado y las contribuciones existentes en la literatura son muy limitadas. A pesar de ello, la valoración de estos beneficios es necesaria para justificar en términos económicos la adopción de determinadas medidas. En este trabajo, se propone una metodología basada en la estimación de los precios sombra de los contaminantes eliminados en la depuración de las aguas residuales. Este valor representa el beneficio ambiental (coste evitado asociado al eliminar el vertido de contaminantes al medio natural. Se trata de un enfoque pionero en la valoración económica del proceso de depuración de aguas residuales. La comparación de los beneficios calculados con los costes internos del proceso de depuración proporcionará un indicador útil para evaluar la viabilidad de los proyectos de depuración de aguas residuales.ABSTRACT Economic research into the design and implementation of policies for the efficient management of water resources has been emphasized by the European Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/UE. The efficient implementation of policies to prevent the degradation and depletion of water resources requires determining their value in social and economic terms and incorporating this information into the decision-making process. A process of wastewater treatment has many associated
Costo-beneficio de la terapia en ambiente húmedo versus terapia tradicional: el caso de un paciente con úlcera en la extremidad inferior

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Blanca Lilia Reyes-Rocha

Full Text Available Actualmente, ha cobrado relevancia el uso de la terapia húmeda en la cura de las heridas crónicas; sin embargo, persiste el uso de la terapia tradicional como técnica para lograr la cicatrización de las mismas. El caso que presentamos tiene como propósito determinar el costo-beneficio del empleo de apósitos de cura en ambiente húmedo versus cura tradicional en un paciente con úlcera en la extremidad inferior. Los resultados muestran que el coste es mayor con la terapia en ambiente húmedo; sin embargo, el periodo de cicatrización de la herida es menor en comparación con el tiempo de cicatrización que conlleva la cura tradicional; esto redunda en un beneficio para el paciente al alcanzar su recuperación en un menor tiempo. Estos hallazgos permiten proponer hipótesis para estudios posteriores bajo otro diseño metodológico, a fin de generar evidencia científica que coadyuve en la mejora de los procesos de atención en beneficio de la población con este tipo de padecimiento.
Medición de los beneficios netos en las combinaciones de negocios

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Nadia Ugalde Binda

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Las fusiones y adquisiciones crecieron un 20% anual entre el año 1990 y el 2000, con transacciones que superaron los US $1.000 billones entre 1998 y el 2000 (Andre, 2004. Dado el alcance de las inversiones en combinaciones de negocios, es de esperar que sean fuentes creadoras de valor para las compañías Empero, un estudio del Business Week del 2002 indica que, por el contrario, el 61% de estas transacciones destruye el valor para los accionistas (Andre, 2004. Esta investigación busca relacionar las teorías de costes de transacción, recursos y capacidades para sopesar los ingresos y costos producto de los procesos de fusiones y adquisiciones en un análisis más sistematizado de cálculo del beneficio neto. Hasta ahora los fracasos en las fusiones han sido medidos por la ausencia del incremento de valor para los accionistas, por la desinversión posterior, o utilizando algunas medidas aisladas de desmotivación en el personal, la rotación, etc. Sin embargo, esta investigación aporta un modelo integral de valoración de la combinación de negocios en sus variables cuantitativas y cualitativas de costos e ingresos que permiten el cálculo del beneficio neto en términos monetarios y cualitativos. Las medidas son importantes para retroalimentar los procesos de combinaciones posteriores y para corregir el rumbo de las emprendidas y lograr extraer las sinergias e identificar las fuentes de creación y destrucción de valor.
La maximización del beneficio en las empresas depuradoras de aguas residuales. El caso de valencia (españa

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José Manuel Brotons Martínez, Ph.D

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El estudio propone un sistema de maximización de beneficios de una estación depuradora de aguas residuales (EDAR. La presencia de objetivos múltiples impide su consecución simultánea, por lo que se considerará suficiente la consecución de un determinado grado de satisfacción para cada uno de ellos. En ocasiones, resulta muy complicado este último planteamiento, por lo que se permitirán excepcionalmente ciertas violaciones de algunas restricciones, lo que permite concluir que la programación por objetivos borrosa puede ser un instrumento adecuado para este tipo de problemas. En consecuencia, las EDAR tendrán una herramienta precisa para conseguir la maximización de sus beneficios al que se añade un nuevo sistema de medición de la eficiencia en el sector.

Beneficios y perjuicios de la estrategia de imitación

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Ana M. Arboleda

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la estrategia de imitación resaltando sus potenciales beneficios y perjuicios. Utilizando una metodología exploratoria, se usan 15 casos en los que se argumenta competencia desleal por imitación. La discusión ofrece un paralelo entre las razones que tiene una empresa para imitar y para no hacerlo. Se concluye que la imitación es una estrategia viable siempre que la marca se reconozca como atributo distintivo, al tiempo que las marcas seguidoras ganan participación de mercado y comunican atributos acordes a la categoría. Por el contrario, si la imitación afecta negativamente el esfuerzo de una marca por ser distintiva, vulnera la decisión del consumidor al generar confusión y desmotiva el esfuerzo empresarial por la innovación.
Beneficios y perjuicios de la estrategia de imitación

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Ana M. Arboleda

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza la estrategia de imitación resaltando sus potenciales beneficios y perjuicios. Utilizando una metodología exploratoria, se usan 15 casos en los que se argumenta competencia desleal por imitación. La discusión ofrece un paralelo entre las razones que tiene una empresa para imitar y para no hacerlo. Se concluye que la imitación es una estrategia viable siempre que la marca se reconozca como atributo distintivo, al tiempo que las marcas seguidoras ganan participación de mercado y comunican atributos acordes a la categoría. Por el contrario, si la imitación afecta negativamente el esfuerzo de una marca por ser distintiva, vulnera la decisión del consumidor al generar confusión y desmotiva el esfuerzo empresarial por la innovación.
Análisis de la relación entre los beneficios y los costes percibidos y la satisfacción del residente con la celebración de un evento deportivo: efecto mediador del valor percibido

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Parra-Camacho, David; Elasri Ejjaberi, Amal; Triadó i Ivern, Xavier Ma.; Aparicio Chueca, Ma. del Pilar (María del Pilar)

2016-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar las relaciones entre los beneficios y los costes percibidos por los residentes con el valor percibido y la satisfacción general sobre la celebración de la Barcelona World Race, así como contrastar el efecto mediador del valor percibido entre los beneficios y los costes y la satisfacción. La muestra recogida para el estudio fue de 297 residentes. El instrumento de medida lo componen 27 ítems que recogen los posibles beneficios y costes asociados al eve...
ANÁLISIS DE UNA RED DE COOPERACIÓN DE PyMEs EN MISIONES, ARGENTINA: BENEFICIOS Y CARENCIAS PARA EL DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE

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Juan Carlos, Michalus

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un estudio de caso de una red de cooperación existente en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina, integrada por una Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (PyME elaboradora de té negro y un grupo de PyMEs de aserrado de madera, constituida a partir de la iniciativa particular del empresario tealero. El objetivo es identificar los beneficios del trabajo en cooperación y a su vez, poner en evidencia las carencias que existen cuando estos procesos no se realizan de manera planificada y orientada al desarrollo local sostenible.El estudio de caso que se expone constituye un caso único, contemporáneo; con relevamiento de datos en los establecimientos pertenecientes a la red de cooperación, entrevistas a empresarios y encargados de producción, que permitieron constatar los beneficios de la cooperación, entre los que figuran: aprovechamiento de residuos, generación de lazos de confianza entre empresarios y contribución al cuidado del medio ambiente. También se constataron las principales deficiencias que impiden la obtención de beneficios mayores, derivados de la carencia de un instrumental metodológico adecuado para implementar este tipo de emprendimientos cooperativos, entre los que se destaca: escaso aprovechamiento de recursos ociosos, ausencia de mejoras en procesos mediante innovaciones conjuntas, falta de participación de actores fundamentales y de orientación sistemática hacia el desarrollo local sostenible.
Producción de bio-alcoholes, a partir de mucílago obtenido con tres tecnologías utilizadas en el beneficio ecológico del café

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López Núñez, Juan Carlos

2017-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente). Universidad de Manizales. Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Económicas y Administrativas. CIMAD, 2017 El mucílago como uno de los dos más importantes subproductos del beneficio del café, por su composición se considera como residuo energético relevante en la obtención de biocombustibles. Con el progresivo desarrollo de diferentes tecnologías para el beneficio ecológico del café, se ve la necesidad de indagar sobre el potencial que p...
Análisis Costo-Beneficio del Programa de Gas Natural Vehicular aplicado en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá

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Saldarriaga Isaza Carlos Adrián

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Este texto presenta el resultado de la evaluación al Programa de Gas Natural Vehicular aplicado en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, mediante el método Análisis Costo- Benefi cio. Tras identificar y valorar económicamente cuatro costos: Privado, Ecodescuento, Tributario del Combustible y Tributario de la Conversión, y tres benefi cios: Privado, Fiscal y Externo, de los cuales el beneficio externo que representa el componente ambiental, requirió aplicar el método de transferencia de beneficios en su modalidad meta-análisis, el balance neto resulta ser positivo y favorable a la aplicación del programa. La suma agregada para un periodo de ocho años (2001-2008 en términos reales se acerca a los 803265 millones de pesos.
La justicia en venta. El beneficio de cargos americanos de audiencia bajo Carlos II (1683-1700

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Sanz Tapia, Ángel

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the provision and «beneficio» (sale of Justice appointments to Spanish American Audiencias (Higher Courts in the 17th century, that modifies and completes previous research. The sale process of posts in American Audiencias (Crown attorneys, civil and criminal judges and attorneys for Indian defence is studied beginning with the antecedents in the reign of Felipe IV and the mercantile start in 1683 to the final years of Carlos II. Together with the Crown policy on this respect, it is offered a yearly analysis of the provided posts and beneficiaries, amounts paid and posts holders, along with some social aspects of the buyers (origin, status and professional experience.

El artículo trata la provisión y «beneficio» (venta de los cargos de Justicia de las audiencias hispanoamericanas durante el siglo XVII, modificando y completando investigaciones anteriores. Estudia el proceso de venta de las plazas audienciales indianas (fiscales, oidores, alcaldes del crimen y fiscales protectores de indios desde sus antecedentes con Felipe IV y su inicio mercantil en 1683 hasta finales de Carlos II. Junto al planteamiento de la Corona se ofrece un completo análisis anual de las plazas provistas y beneficiadas, cantidades abonadas y personas titulares, junto con algunos aspectos sociales de los compradores (origen, estatus, experiencia.
Análisis de beneficios socio-ambientales por la implementación de estrategias de producción más limpias en el sector agropecuario de la cuenca media del río Chinchiná, Colombia

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Gloria Yaneth Flórez Yepes

2014-09-01

Full Text Available En el sector agropecuario de la cuenca media del río Chinchiná, Colombia, en 2012 y 2013 se evaluaron los beneficios socio-ambientales generados por la implementación de estrategias de producción más limpia en el sector agropecuario. La metodología incluyó la recolección de datos de campo desde entrevistas y diálogos semi-estruturados, procesamiento y análisis de datos a partir de la adaptación de matrices y construcción de diagrama de redes, evaluación de los beneficios con determinación de la significancia socio-ambiental a través de la adaptación de la metodología de Leopold con el uso de parámetros de magnitud e importancia. Los resultados mostraron que las estrategias para el estudio de producción más limpia implementadas en las fincas localizadas en la zona permitieron identificar y categorizar estrategias de conservación, reducción o eliminación, siendo posible evaluar los beneficios socio-ambientales correspondientes, a partir de la determinación de los beneficios primarios, secundarios y terciarios relacionados tanto con los beneficios que prestan los ecosistemas como los sociales que se generan.
RELACIÓN COSTE-BENEFICIO DE LAS POLÍTICAS SOBRE CONSUMO DE TABACO EN EL LUGAR DE TRABAJO

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Tamara Raaijmakers

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo revisa los motivos que llevan a las empresas a establecer una política sobre control del tabaquismo, los beneficios económicos para la sociedad que se derivan de su adopción, y sus costes, detallados por países en la Unión Europea. Se revisa también la literatura sobre los costes de la aplicación de una política sobre tabaquismo en el ámbito laboral. El principal objetivo de las políticas sobre tabaquismo en el lugar de trabajo es la protección de los empleados del aire contaminado por el humo de tabaco (ACHT. Otros motivos son la reducción de costes; la mejora de la imagen; y la disminución de absentismo, accidentes laborales, conflictos y costes adicionales debidos al tabaco. La protección frente al ACHT no supone mayores costes para la empresa, y se refieren ventajas económicas con su puesta en práctica. Los beneficios sobrepasan con creces las inversiones, en particular a largo plazo, y parecen mayores cuando se establece una prohibición total de fumar en el lugar de trabajo en vez de áreas para fumadores.
Modelo multicriterio para determinar el beneficio derivado de la implementación de un sistema de gestión de calidad según la norma ISO 9001:2000

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Juan Carlos Osorio Gómez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Muchas empresas manufactureras implementan sistemas de gestión de la calidad ISO 9001:2000 forzadas por las exigencias del mercado o por no quedarse atrás con respecto a la competencia; pero una vez realizado el proceso de implantación del sistema, surge el interrogante si efectivamente se ha generado o no beneficio y en que indicadores de la organización. Este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de una metodología multicriterio (sustentada en el Análisis Jerárquico de Procesos - AHP para medir realmente el logro o no de beneficios asociados al sistema de gestión de la calidad y su aplicación en un grupo de empresas manufactureras ubicadas en el Valle del Cauca - Colombia definiéndose el nivel de beneficio alcanzado por ellas. La metodología es replicable en cualquier tipo de organización, y busca direccionar esfuerzos y ayudar en la toma de decisiones empresariales respecto a la implementación o no de un sistema de gestión de la calidad.
Los foros de discusión y sus beneficios en la docencia virtual: recomendaciones para un uso eficiente

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Isabel Buil

2012-03-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo efectuar un análisis de los beneficios que los foros de discusión, como espacio de comunicación e intercambio de información, ofrecen en el marco de la docencia virtual. A través de una aplicación empírica en la modalidad de enseñanza virtual en un contexto universitario, la investigación describe la implantación de esta herramienta en varias asignaturas pertenecientes a un grado de empresa, constatando su utilidad y beneficios de cara a mejorar la experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje. A continuación, se profundiza en la importancia de los factores que favorecen el empleo de esta herramienta por parte de los estudiantes, poniendo de relieve la influencia de las motivaciones sociales y personales como precursores del empleo de estas herramientas, más allá del impacto de las percepciones extrínsecas. Finalmente, el trabajo discute las implicaciones de estos resultados para las instituciones académicas, ofrece recomendaciones para un mejor uso y comprensión de los foros de discusión, y establece una serie de consejos que permitirán sacar mayor provecho a esta herramienta
ANÁLISIS COSTO-BENEFICIO DE CUATRO MEDICAMENTOS ANTIPSICÓTICOS EN PACIENTES CON ESQUIZOFRENIA EN COLOMBIA

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Diego Rosselli

2009-01-01

Full Text Available
RESUMEN
Por la menor incidencia de efectos secundarios extrapiramidales y por una mayor adherencia de los pacientes al tratamiento, los antipsicóticos atípicos de liberación prolongada constituyen una alternativa para el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia. En este análisis de costo-beneficio se compara un antipsicótico atípico de liberación prolongada (risperidona con dos medicamentos orales de nueva generación (olanzapina y clozapina y uno típico de depósito (pipotiazina.
Se empleó un modelo de árbol decisión que incorporó exclusivamente costos directos, desde la perspectiva de una EPS (“tercero pagador” y empleando las ivariables adherencia, recaídas con y sinhospitalización, y efectos adversos. Según el modelo, el empleo de risperidona inyectable de liberación prolongada durante un año de tratamiento, y de manera similar a la clozapina, ahorraría un millón de pesos al sistema al compararse con la olanzapina, y dos millones al compararse con la pipotiazina.
A esta ganancia en dinero con la risperidona inyectable se agregaría el beneficio directo e Indirecto para el paciente y su comunidad al reducir las recaídas.
Palabras clave: risperidona, depósito, antipsicóticos, esquizofrenia, costo-beneficio.
Summary
Due to the lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects and greater adherence of patients to treatment, long-action atypical antipsychotics are an alternative for the treatment of schizophrenia. In this cost-benefit analysis we compare a long-action atypical antipsychotic (risperidone with two second-generation oral antipsychotics (olanzapine and clozapine and a “typical” prolonged action drug (pipotiazine.
We designed a decision tree that included only direct costs, from the third party payer perspective, using as main variables adherence, relapses with and without hospitalization, and side
Percepción de los beneficios individuales del uso de la bicicleta compartida como modo de transporte

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Adriana Jakovcevic

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de la bicicleta como modo de transporte se asocia con numerosos beneficios ambientales y sociales, no obstante, se desconoce cuáles son los más valorados por los ciclistas. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer en qué medida el Sistema de Transporte Público de Bicicletas (STPB de la ciudad de Buenos Aires produjo impactos positivos sobre los aspectos que las personas valoran en el momento de viajar, analizando si estas evaluaciones varían en función de la intensidad de uso del STPB. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario basado en un estudio sobre la calidad de vida residencial que fue aplicado a 161 usuarios del STPB. Los resultados indicaron que los aspectos del viajar: rapidez, control del horario de llegada, ahorro de dinero y en menor medida la salud, fueron muy importantes para los usuarios y fueron los que más mejoraron a partir del uso del STPB. Asimismo, las personas que usan el sistema con mayor intensidad son las que perciben más beneficios sobre los aspectos no instrumentales del viajar como el entretenimiento y la comodidad. Estos resultados sugieren que para lograr que las personas realicen un cambio sustentable en sus comportamientos de movilidad es necesario mantener las ventajas instrumentales que ofrece el servicio de bicicletas compartidas sobre los otros medios de transporte.
The experience of the LIGHT (Light and Power Company of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), in low cost energy networks for rural electrification; A experiencia da LIGHT na implantacao de redes de baixo custo para eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Macedo, Fernando F; Andre, Oswaldo P [Light Servicos de Eletricidade SA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1987-12-31

This paper shows the experience of LIGHT (Light and Power Company of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), in planning and implementation of low cost energy networks in rural electrification. Were also showed guidelines for consumer`s orientation, viability of installations and wiring options. 4 figs., 16 tabs., 12 refs.
Beneficios del descanso peritoneal

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Jesús Lucas Martín Espejo

Full Text Available Introducción: Valorar si el descanso peritoneal, de al menos un día semanal, ha supuesto mejoras en la rehabilitación de los pacientes y el impacto clínico que puede suponer. Nos planteamos además cuantificar el beneficio económico. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo, descriptivo. De los pacientes atendidos en nuestra unidad desde el 1 de enero de 2014 al 31 de diciembre de 2014, se estudiaron los pacientes que cumplieran todo el año de seguimiento y que no procedieran de otras técnicas de depuración como la hemodiálisis o trasplante renal. La muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por 40 pacientes, de los que 21 tuvieron prescrito al menos 1 día semanal de descanso peritoneal y 19 pacientes sin descanso. Se recogieron las siguientes variables al inicio del periodo de estudio y a los 12 meses: Variables demográficas, variables relacionadas con el estado de volumen, datos clínicos relacionados con la técnica, se pasó una encuesta de satisfacción a todos los pacientes estudiados, y se recogieron los importes del coste mensual de cada tipo de tratamiento. Resultados: Las diferencias iniciales entre los grupos, eran esperables ya que son los valores en los cuales se ha basado la prescripción del día de descanso. La exposición a la glucosa, al comienzo y al final fue menor en el grupo con descanso. Al año, no se encontró diferencias en los parámetros estudiados. Una encuesta de satisfacción nos reveló a que dedican los pacientes el día de descanso y los que no lo tienen a que lo dedicarían. Conclusiones: El descanso peritoneal no ha supuesto una peor evolución de los parámetros clínicos estudiados al año de seguimiento, cumpliendo las recomendaciones de adecuación de diálisis de las guías clínicas. La exposición a la glucosa, aun sin llegar a ser significativa por la duración del estudio, ha sido menor en el grupo con descanso. El día de descanso ha facilitado a los pacientes
Análisis costo beneficio del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino Cost benefit analysis of the Cervical Cancer Screening Program

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PATRICIA HERNÁNDEZ-PEÑA

1997-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar el costo beneficio de la reorganización del Programa de Detección Oportuna del Cáncer Cervicouterino (PDOC mediante intervenciones de garantía de calidad. Material y métodos. Se siguieron tres etapas: a identificación y cuantificación de costos; b identificación y cuantificación de beneficios, y c evaluación económica del costo beneficio. Resultados. El costo unitario de operación por citología -obtención, fijación, el traslado al centro de lectura, su tinción e interpretación y la notificación de resultados- se estimó en USD$ 11.6. En conjunto, las intervenciones en calidad al PDOC elevarían el costo de cada citología en 32.7%. Sin embargo, la nueva organización generaría una razón beneficio/costo de 2 y un beneficio neto de 88 millones de dólares para los próximos cinco años. Conclusiones. La operación del programa propuesto resulta socialmente deseable, siempre y cuando las modificaciones se lleven a cabo, particularmente la capacitación, la notificación personalizada de los casos positivos, el incremento de cobertura, la introducción de mecanismos de control de calidad, el monitoreo contínuo y el tratamiento en mujeres con anormalidades detectadas.Objective. Previous researches pointed out the critical changes needed to increase the efficiency of the National Screening Programme of Cervical Cancer in Mexico. These changes were assessed through a cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents the results of that appraisal. Figures are presented as USDollars of 1996 valued as 7.5 pesos for each dollar. Results. The operational unitary cost of the integral process of the cytology the obtention of the Pap smear, its transportation to the interpretation centre, its analysis, and the notification of results to users was estimated in US$ 11.6. If the proposed changes are operated, the cost of each citology would increase by 32.7%. The benefit/cost ratio would be 2 and the net benefit of 88
Desarrollo e implementación de un módulo de videoconferencia a través de webrtc para una plataforma de telemedicina rural

OpenAIRE

Castillo Malla, Darwin Patricio

2014-01-01

La implicación de las TICs en la medicina, a día de hoy, ha traído consigo grandes beneficios a nivel sanitario, de investigación e incluso económico, de allí que la telemedicina juegue un papel importante en este proceso de continuo crecimiento. A través de la Telemedicina se permite brindar una continua asistencia y colaboración entre médico-paciente-médico rural, y aún más si es que esté paciente o médico se encuentra en lugares de difícil acceso. En el presente trabajo se plantea e...
Los beneficios de aplicar las TICs en la Universidad

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Lorena Bodero

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo despliega un análisis sobre los beneficios de aplicar las TICs en la universidad, siendo considerada la tecnología como el artífice de innumerables acciones que desencadenan éxitos y fracasos en los diferentes ámbitos del desarrollo personal y profesional. En la universidad las TICs se han convertido en un instrumento del conocimiento, indispensable para alcanzar un nivel de educación de calidad, en que los docentes y estudiantes son los actores beneficiados con su aplicación, permitiéndoles abordar temas de diversas índoles, logrando involucrarse en variados ambientes de aprendizaje enriquecidos con las estrategias de aprendizaje activo que la tecnología pone a su disposición, donde existe un trabajo en conjunto para la creación de sus propios conocimientos de una manera eficaz y sólida, generando exitosos resultados de aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, es necesario establecer las ventajas de sus aplicaciones en la educación y concienciar a la comunidad educativa sobre su uso adecuado, el mismo que debe apuntar a fortalecer los aprendizajes y a crear competencias con una vertiente ética e innovadora, de una cultura tecnológica y digital, propia del siglo XXI.
Estrategias políticas y costo beneficio económico en el proceso de la firma de un tratado comercial. Estudio de Caso TLC Colombia - Corea del Sur (2009-2013).

OpenAIRE

Domínguez González, Marycela

2014-01-01

Este estudio de caso analiza en qué medida la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Colombia y Corea del Sur obedece a estrategias políticas y/o costo beneficio económico por parte de este último. La hipótesis en el presente trabajo es que la firma del TLC entre ambos países se debe a la existencia de intereses compartidos. Por un lado, existen intereses económicos, debido a que Corea del Sur es un actor racional que busca siempre maximizar sus beneficios a través del aumento del tamaño d...
Relación coste-beneficio de las políticas sobre consumo de tabaco en el lugar de trabajo

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Raaijmakers Tamara

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo revisa los motivos que llevan a las empresas a establecer una política sobre control del tabaquismo, los beneficios económicos para la sociedad que se derivan de su adopción, y sus costes, detallados por países en la Unión Europea. Se revisa también la literatura sobre los costes de la aplicación de una política sobre tabaquismo en el ámbito laboral. El principal objetivo de las políticas sobre tabaquismo en el lugar de trabajo es la protección de los empleados del aire contaminado por el humo de tabaco (ACHT. Otros motivos son la reducción de costes; la mejora de la imagen; y la disminución de absentismo, accidentes laborales, conflictos y costes adicionales debidos al tabaco. La protección frente al ACHT no supone mayores costes para la empresa, y se refieren ventajas económicas con su puesta en práctica. Los beneficios sobrepasan con creces las inversiones, en particular a largo plazo, y parecen mayores cuando se establece una prohibición total de fumar en el lugar de trabajo en vez de áreas para fumadores.

Contabilidad del impuesto sobre beneficios y resultado global: relevancia valorativa en el mercado financiero español

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Constancio Zamora Ramírez

2014-07-01

Full Text Available La contabilidad del impuesto sobre beneficios ha sido un tema profusamente tratado en la literatura académica y que actualmente se encuentra a la espera de un borrador para su reforma en el seno del International Accounting Standard Board (IASB. Por otro lado, a pesar de que la normativa contable se ha orientado hacia un reconocimiento del efecto impositivo en base a diferencias temporarias, la investigación empírica se ha centrado en el desarrollo de modelos en base al efecto sobre pérdidas y ganancias obviando su efecto sobre el resultado global. A través de un modelo desarrollado sobre la base del propuesto por Ohlson en 1995, los activos y pasivos por impuestos diferidos repercuten en la valoración de las empresas que realiza el mercado. Los activos por impuesto diferidos presentan de forma significativa en los modelos desarrollados coeficientes negativos, lo que induce a pensar que el mercado considera que estos activos no pueden recuperarse bajo el modelo actual de negocio de la compañía y que deberían haber sido considerados como un mayor gasto por impuesto corriente. A la luz de estos resultados, las normas relativas a la contabilidad del impuesto sobre beneficios, deberían considerar un mayor contenido informativo en las cuentas anuales, así como un incremento en los requerimientos para el reconocimiento de activos.
Contabilidad del impuesto sobre beneficios y resultado global: relevancia valorativa en el mercado financiero español

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Zamora Ramírez, Constancio; Moreno Rojas, José; Rueda Torres, Juan Antonio

2014-01-01

La contabilidad del impuesto sobre beneficios ha sido un tema profusamente tratado en la literatura académica y que actualmente se encuentra a la espera de un borrador para su reforma en el seno del International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). Por otro lado, a pesar de que la normativa contable se ha orientado hacia un reconocimiento del efecto impositivo en base a diferencias temporarias, la investigación empírica se ha centrado en el desarrollo de modelos en base al efecto sobre pérdidas...
Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco contemplates the benefits of cogeneration in its new plant; Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco contempla beneficios de la cogeneracion para su nueva planta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruiz Esparza, R. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico); Khouri Solis, A. [Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This paper presents the results of the feasibility study performed in BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PROMECO to determine the benefits that a cogeneration system could render in satisfying the energy demand of its plant currently being expanded. The results showed that in accordance with the operation mode of the already expanded plant, the highest benefits could be obtained of a cogeneration system with a capacity of 1,600 Kw that would partially satisfy the thermal and electrical demands of BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PROMECO. [Espanol] El presente articulo presenta los resultados de factibilidad que se realizo en Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco para determinar los beneficios que podria rendir un sistema de cogeneracion al satisfacer las demandas energeticas de su planta actualmente en ampliacion. Los resultados mostraron que de acuerdo al modo de operacion de la planta ya ampliada, los beneficios mas altos se obtendrian de un sistema de cogeneracion con capacidad de 1,600 kW que satisfaria parcialmente las demandas termicas y electricas de Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco.
Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco contemplates the benefits of cogeneration in its new plant; Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco contempla beneficios de la cogeneracion para su nueva planta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruiz Esparza, R [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico); Khouri Solis, A [Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1998-12-31

This paper presents the results of the feasibility study performed in BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PROMECO to determine the benefits that a cogeneration system could render in satisfying the energy demand of its plant currently being expanded. The results showed that in accordance with the operation mode of the already expanded plant, the highest benefits could be obtained of a cogeneration system with a capacity of 1,600 Kw that would partially satisfy the thermal and electrical demands of BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PROMECO. [Espanol] El presente articulo presenta los resultados de factibilidad que se realizo en Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco para determinar los beneficios que podria rendir un sistema de cogeneracion al satisfacer las demandas energeticas de su planta actualmente en ampliacion. Los resultados mostraron que de acuerdo al modo de operacion de la planta ya ampliada, los beneficios mas altos se obtendrian de un sistema de cogeneracion con capacidad de 1,600 kW que satisfaria parcialmente las demandas termicas y electricas de Boehringer Ingelheim Promeco.
Balance entre riesgos y beneficios del tamizaje mamográfico de cáncer de mama: ¿apoyaría su recomendación en mujeres peruanas?

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Margarita Posso

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es valorar, en base a un análisis crítico y estructurado de la evidencia, si el tamizaje mamográfico de cáncer de mama en Perú es una intervención recomendable. El análisis se realizó utilizando los criterios propuestos por el sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en Medline y en otras fuentes de información nacional (literatura gris. Para el desarrollo de la recomendación, a favor o en contra del tamizaje, se utilizó la mejor evidencia disponible sobre los beneficios, riesgos, costos y preferencias de la población. Los resultados incluyeron cinco revisiones sistemáticas (RS que evaluaron los riesgos y beneficios del tamizaje; dos evaluaciones económicas realizadas en Perú y un estudio que valoró indirectamente las preferencias de las mujeres peruanas. La calidad de la evidencia a partir de las RS fue moderada a favor del tamizaje en mujeres de 50 a 69 años. El balance entre riesgos y beneficios mostró una mayor probabilidad de sobrediagnóstico comparado con el beneficio en la reducción de la mortalidad. La estrategia más costo- efectiva fue la mamografía trienal. La percepción de barreras podría comprometer seriamente la participación de las mujeres. En conclusión, la recomendación a favor del tamizaje mamográfico en Perú es débil, más aun si se tienen en cuenta otras necesidades poblacionales más urgentes. En caso de llevarse a cabo, la estrategia de tamizaje más adecuada para la población peruana consistiría en realizar una mamografía trienal en mujeres de 50 a 69 años.
Caracterización de las progestinas inyectables y sus beneficios en la Planificación Familiar

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Reinaldo Rodríguez Ferrá

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una revisión sobre la caracterización de los anticonceptivos inyectables solo de progestinas y sus beneficios en la planificación familiar. Se analizó su eficacia, mecanismos de acción, ventajas y desventajas de su uso, indicaciones específicas, el manejo de los efectos colaterales o secundarios, la elegibilidad del método para iniciar su uso, los procedimientos y categorías seleccionados por la OMS para indicarlo, cuáles son los pasos para comenzarlo, así como también el seguimiento de las mujeres que eligen este método. Se concluyó que los inyectables solo de progestinas traen beneficios a la planificación familiar, pues tienen una alta eficacia, y su utilización por mujeres con condiciones crónicas, depende de una adecuada consejería. Afirmamos que es una buena opción anticonceptiva para nuestras pacientes.A review of the characterization of injectable progestin-only contraceptives and their benefits for the family planning was made. Their efficacy, mechanisms of action, advantages and disadvantages of their use, specific indications, management of side effects, eligibility of a method to start their use, WHO procedures and categories, the steps to begin using these contraceptives and the follow-up of women opting for this method were all reviewed. It was concluded that progestin-only injectable contraceptives bring benefits to the family planning since their efficacy is high, although their use in women having chronic conditions depends on an adequate counseling. We stated that this is a good contraceptive option for our patients.
CULTIVOS TRANSGÉNICOS: ENTRE LOS RIESGOS BIOLOGICOS Y LOS BENEFICIOS AMBIENTALES Y ECONOMICOS.

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Alejandro Chaparro Giraldo

2011-09-01

cultivos GM, alrededor del análisis ponderado de los riegos biológicos y los beneficios ambientales y económicos. Los riesgos biológicos se definen por los posibles efectos negativos sobre el consumidor humano o sobre el ambiente en que se liberan. Los beneficios ambientales tienen que ver con los efectos de la reducción en el uso de agroquímicos (insecticidas y herbicidas, y los beneficios económicos con la reducción en las perdidas debidas al ataque de insectos y a la competencia de malezas, así como a la reducción de los costos de producción. El debate debe considerar también, que las herramientas desarrolladas para la transferencia de genes entre diferentes organismos, facilitan la apropiación de los recursos genéticos vía derechos de propiedad intelectual. Apropiarse de este conocimiento y ponerlo a jugar al lado de sus intereses, es un asunto vital para los países biodiversos como Colombia.
Búsqueda de sensaciones y consumo de alcohol: el papel mediador de la percepción de riesgos y beneficios

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Beatriz González-Iglesias

2014-10-01

Full Text Available La búsqueda de sensaciones es una de las variables de personalidad más estrechamente ligadas con la adopción de distintas conductas de riesgo, especialmente el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. Además, la búsqueda de sensaciones influye en la valoración que los individuos realizan sobre los riesgos y sus posibles consecuencias. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y el consumo de alcohol en una muestra de 356 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25 años. Además, hemos querido explorar el posible efecto mediador de las percepciones sesgadas de los individuos sobre los posibles riesgos y beneficios asociados al alcohol en la relación entre la personalidad y el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la importancia de la búsqueda de sensaciones en la explicación del consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes y el papel mediador de las percepciones de riesgos y beneficios en la explicación de dicha relación. En la discusión del trabajo se analizan sus importantes implicaciones prácticas a la hora de diseñar intervenciones específicas dirigidas a prevenir los riesgos asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes.
Entrenamientos de automovilismo: ¿simulación o realidad? Un análisis de los costos y beneficios sociales

OpenAIRE

Marechal, Melisa

2014-01-01

La contaminación ambiental y el riesgo de accidentes graves, son dos de los costos sociales de mayor consideración causados por el uso de automóviles. La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar la conveniencia de realizar entrenamientos de automovilismo sustituyendo al auto real por entrenamientos en simulador, centrando el estudio en el "Turismo Carretera" una categoría de automovilismo popular en Argentina. Para evaluar los costos y beneficios del entrenamiento en simulador, la...
Inmunonutrición: una potente herramienta para evaluar situaciones nutricionales y beneficios de nutrientes, compuestos bioactivos y alimentos

OpenAIRE

Díaz, L. E.; Gómez Martínez, Sonia; Nova, Esther; Romeo, J.; Marcos, Ascensión

2012-01-01

© 2012 Kellogg Company.El texto está disponible para cualquiera que se registre previamente en http://www.katedrakelloggs.com .- 8.Inmunonutrición: una potente herramienta para evaluar situaciones nutricionales y beneficios de nutrientes, compuestos bioactivos y alimentos119-130; 12 páginas,3 figuras, 3 tablas--Manual Práctico de Nutrición y Salud Kellogg’s, obra colectiva de visión multidisciplinar que surge a propuesta del colectivo médico ante la necesidad de recibir formación en materia d...
Desarrollo de plan de marketing para elaboración y posicionamiento en el mercado de tarjeta con beneficios precargados

OpenAIRE

Faggliolini, Federico

2015-01-01

El desarrollo de una tarjeta con beneficios pre cargados para turistas que visitan la ciudad de Mar del Plata es un negocio atractivo e innovador que permite a todos sus actores beneficiarse. Por esta razón, el estudio de este negocio permitirá vislumbrar las ventajas del ingreso de inversionistas a este segmento del mercado. Por un lado, al momento de análisis, no hay existencia de competidores directos en este segmento, dado que no reúnen las características que brinda este producto/bene...
Valoración ambiental preliminar del riesgo-beneficio de la liberación de una semilla de arroz genéticamente modificada

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Sergio Bermúdez Muñoz

2010-10-01

Full Text Available La Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA es una herramienta de gestión que permite, de forma holística, determinar las potenciales alteraciones que una puede tener sobre el ambiente, pues considera los impactos positivos y negativos que podrían presentarse. La aplicación de esta herramienta cuando se libera un OGM, con la ayuda de información de campo y secundaria, se convierte en un esfuerzo pionero, pues permite a quienes toman decisiones y a la opinión pública analizar los pro y contra que la actividad podría tener. Mediante el empleo de un software para valorar impactos como RIAM, se logra una visión integral del riesgo y el beneficio gracias a la información obtenida, y se elabora un pronóstico de lo que podría ocurrir a partir de los supuestos planteados. Aunque el flujo de genes (-B es un riesgo, también se observan beneficios como la recuperación de campos infestados de arroz rojo y una menor persistencia de herbicidas en el ambiente (E.
Costos y beneficios del ingreso en el hogar

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Nidia Márquez Morales

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación descriptiva para estimar los costos y beneficios del ingreso en el hogar. El análisis económico se realizó desde una perspectiva social. Los grupos poblacionales donde más se utilizó la técnica fueron las gestantes y los menores de 1 año. Las enfermedades respiratorias altas y la gestación a término fueron los que más incidencia tuvieron; los medicamentos más utilizados estuvieron en correspondencia con las enfermedades y su disponibilidad. El tiempo hospitalario no se comportó de igual forma en todos los grupos. Los gastos de bolsillo representaron el mayor porcentaje dentro de los costos directos tangibles, ocasionados en su mayoría por alimentación adicional. Los gastos del sector salud fueron superiores a los de familiares y pacientes. Los costos indirectos fueron inferiores a los directos. El estudio demostró que el 88,6% se curó, se complicó el 8,8% y falleció el 2,5%A descriptive research was conducted to estimate the costs and benefits of home admission. The economic analysis was made from a social perspective. This technique was more used among pregnant women and children under 1. Upper respiratory diseases and term gestations had the greatest incidence. The most administered drugs were in correspondence with their availability and the diseases. Hospital stay did not have the same behavior in all groups. Pocket expenses accounted for the highest percentage within the tangible direct costs mainly caused by additional food. Health sector expenditures were higher than those of relatives and patients. Indirect costs were lower than the direct ones. The study showed that 88.6 % got cured, 8.8 % presented complications and 2.5 % died
Beneficios psicológicos del Boxeo para todos : Un estudio exploratorio a partir del reporte de una muestra de alumnos

OpenAIRE

Nievas, Ricardo; Gomez Montanelli, Daniel

2011-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es conocer los alcances en cuanto a los beneficios psicológicos del método para la enseñanza llamado, boxeo para todos, tiene una metodología novedosa aplicable a muchos deportes principalmente los deportes de combate, para ellos se toma una muestra de alumnos que participan de esta metodología, como herramienta se utilizo una encuesta. Autorreportada de 24 ítems, a una muestra de 31 participantes de tres grupos de Boxeo para todos, de ambos sexos (84% varones y 1...
Los niños no escolarizados : análisis costo beneficio de universalizar la educación en Argentina

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Molina, Erika Bettina Juana

2012-01-01

Por más que Argentina cuenta con tasas de escolarización que la sitúan entre los primeros puestos de la región en materia de cobertura del sistema educativo, hay casi 400.000 niños y jóvenes en edad escolar que no acceden al mismo. La educación tiene importantes beneficios, no solo en términos de mayores ingresos para el trabajador educado, sino numerosas externalidades positivas como por ejemplo menores tasas de criminalidad y mejores niveles de salud. De esta forma, la sociedad en su conjun...
Conocimiento de los beneficios de la actividad físico-deportiva y tipos de demanda en las personas mayores

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Clemente Remón, Ángel Luis; Gallardo Pérez, Jana; Espada Mateos, María; Santacruz Lozano, José Antonio

2012-01-01

Este trabajo pretende conocer el grado de conocimiento de los beneficios de la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva por las personas mayores de una población urbana de más de 100.000 habitantes (Alcalá de Henares) y su relación según tipo de demanda. La metodología cuantitativa empleada ha consistido en la realización de entrevistas estructuradas cara a cara a una muestra aleatoria de 133 mayores de 65 años de esa población. El instrumento utilizado en la investigación ha consistido e...
Chips de papa, la fritura en vacío y beneficios para la salud

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María José Crosa

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Existe una tendencia del mercado al consumo de alimentos más saludables que ha motivado a la industria alimentaria a innovar en tecnologías. La fritura en vacío es una tecnología alternativa a la fritura tradicional que preserva las propiedades sensoriales del snack frito y mejora la calidad nutricional.El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar los beneficios nutricionales y para la salud y las características organolépticas de chips de papa elaborados por fritura en vacío en relación a los elaborados por fritura tradicional y diferenciarlos de los actualmente presentes en el mercado uruguayo.Los chips elaborados por fritura en vacío presentaron un 61% menos de materia grasa y 90% menos de acrilamida que los chips elaborados por fritura tradicional. Sensorialmente fueron muy bien evaluados en todos los atributos menos en la percepción de intensidad de sabor salado.
Vicios privados, beneficios públicos" o la diestra administración del legislador utilitarista

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Jimena Hurtado

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo explora la conexión entre Bernard Mandeville y Jeremy Bentham. La complementariedad entre ellos se evidencia en dos puntos: primero, el sentido enunciativo del principio de la utilidad, axioma fundamental del utilitarismo de Bentham, reposa sobre una concepción antropológica implícita que puede ser comprendida gracias a Mandeville. Segundo, la lección de Mandeville es que “los vicios privados a través de la diestra administración de un político capaz pueden ser transformados en beneficios públicos”. El arte de la legislación de Bentham permite entender en qué consiste esta “diestra administración” y quién es el “político capaz”. Además, Mandeville explica en detalle el surgimiento del legislador, figura central tanto en su análisis como en el de Bentham pues garantiza la cohesión social.
"Vicios privados, beneficios públicos" o la diestra administración del legislador utilitarista

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Jimena Hurtado

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo explora la conexión entre Bernard Mandeville y Jeremy Bentham. La complementariedad entre ellos se evidencia en dos puntos: primero, el sentido enunciativo del principio de la utilidad, axioma fundamental del utilitarismo de Bentham, reposa sobre una concepción antropológica implícita que puede ser comprendida gracias a Mandeville. Segundo, la lección de Mandeville es que "los vicios privados a través de la diestra administración de un político capaz pueden ser transformados en beneficios públicos". El arte de la legislación de Bentham permite entender en qué consiste esta "diestra administración" y quién es el "político capaz". Además, Mandeville explica en detalle el surgimiento del legislador, figura central tanto en su análisis como en el de Bentham pues garantiza la cohesión social.
"Vicios privados, beneficios públicos" o la diestra administración del legislador utilitarista

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Jimena Hurtado

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo explora la conexión entre Bernard Mandeville y Jeremy Bentham. La complementariedad entre ellos se evidencia en dos puntos: primero, el sentido enunciativo del principio de la utilidad, axioma fundamental del utilitarismo de Bentham, reposa sobre una concepción antropológica implícita que puede ser comprendida gracias a Mandeville. Segundo, la lección de Mandeville es que “los vicios privados a través de la diestra administración de un político capaz pueden ser transformados en beneficios públicos”. El arte de la legislación de Bentham permite entender en qué consiste esta “diestra administración” y quién es el “político capaz”. Además, Mandeville explica en detalle el surgimiento del legislador, figura central tanto en su análisis como en el de Bentham pues garantiza la cohesión social.

El manejo del área marina y costera protegida Actam Chuleb y los beneficios económicos que genera a los usuarios del municipio de San Felipe, Yucatán, México

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Wilian de Jesús Aguilar Cordero

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El área marina y costera protegida (AMyCP Actam Chuleb se ubica en la costa oriente del estado de Yucatán, en el municipio de San Felipe, donde se realizó el estudio con el fin de caracterizar el manejo de los recursos naturales y estimar los beneficios de uso directo. La metodología se desarrolló en dos etapas; en la primera se identificaron y analizaron las prácticas de manejo y conservación, los bienes y los principales usuarios por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y un diagnóstico participativo; en la segunda etapa, se estimó el valor de los beneficios económicos de uso directo y su relevancia en la estructura de actividades económicas de la comunidad por medio una encuesta a los usuarios directos. Los resultados mostraron que no existe un plan de manejo comunitario, sólo se cuenta con una normativa que no es cumplida a cabalidad por la comunidad y que hay una falta de conocimientos, participación y comunicación de los actores sociales para el manejo adecuado y una correcta toma de decisiones. Existe una marcada centralización de poderes, además, los usuarios perciben con mayor facilidad los beneficios de uso directo, generados por la pesca y el turismo, debido a su tangibilidad.
Beneficios económicos del implante coclear para la hipoacusia sensorineural profunda Economic benefits of the cochlear implant for treating profound sensorineural hearing loss

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Augusto Peñaranda

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el costo-beneficio (CB, costo-utilidad (CU y costo-efectividad (CE de la implantación coclear, comparándola con el uso de audífonos en niños con hipoacusia sensorineural profunda bilateral. MÉTODOS: Se empleó la técnica no paramétrica Propensity Score Matching (PSM para realizar la evaluación de impacto económico del implante y así llevar a cabo los análisis CB, CU y CE. Se utilizó información primaria, tomada aleatoriamente a 100 pacientes: 62 intervenidos quirúrgicamente con el implante coclear (grupo de tratamiento y 38 pertenecientes al grupo de control o usuarios de audífono para tratar la hipoacusia sensorineural profunda. RESULTADOS: Se halló un diferencial de costos económicos -en beneficio del implante coclear- cercano a US$ 204 000 entre el implante y el uso de audífonos durante la esperanza de vida de los pacientes analizados. Dicha cifra indica los mayores gastos que deben cubrir los pacientes con audífono. Con este valor descontado, el indicador costo-beneficio señala que por cada dólar invertido en el implante coclear, para tratar al paciente, el retorno de la inversión es US$ 2,07. CONCLUSIONES: El implante coclear genera beneficios económicos para el paciente. También produce utilidades en salud dado que se encontró una relación positiva de CU (ganancia en decibeles y CE (ganancia en discriminación del lenguaje.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cost-benefit, cost-utility, and cost-effectiveness of cochlear implantation, comparing it to the use of hearing aids in children with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS: The nonparametric propensity score matching method was used to carry out an economic and impact assessment of the cochlear implant and then perform cost-benefit, cost-utility, and cost-effectiveness analyses. Primary information was used, taken randomly from 100 patients: 62 who received cochlear implants (treatment group and 38 belonging to the control group who used
Cuencas hidrológicas, suelos agrarios e inundaciones en la provincia de Buenos Aires

OpenAIRE

Acuña, Juan Carlos

2014-01-01

Enfoque jurídico normativo vigente, recomendaciones y directrices de organismos internacionales de políticas públicas para la gestión del ordenamiento hídrico de excedentes de aguas pluviales, en áreas agrícolas, que recurrentemente ocasionan anegamientos de caminos rurales y suelos agrícolas afectando la producción y transporte de granos, carnes y leche generadora de beneficios en Argentina, no sólo a la empresa agropecuaria, sino fundamentalmente de beneficio para toda la sociedad vía siste...
Producción y beneficio de semilla de cilantro

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Bernardo Enrique Puga Santos

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el potencial de rendimiento de semilla del cultivar Unapal - Precoso utilizando cuatro densidades de siembra, dos métodos de cosecha, tres sistemas de trilla y tres operaciones de limpieza y clasificación. Se usó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcelas subdivididas con tres repeticiones. La densidad de 1.5 millones ha-1 presentó el mayor rendimiento de semilla pura (1747.2 kg ha-1, aunque no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La cosecha manual rindió 1.264.9kg ha-1 y requirió 19.83 horas-hombre ha-1; la mecánica rindió 1.059kg ha-1 con 5.1 horas-hombre ha-1. El sistema de trilla estacionaria rindió 44.42 kg hora-1, seguido de trilla con garrote (36.97 kg h-1 y trilla con marimba (11.41 kg h-1. La trilla con garrote produjo el material más limpio y con menos fisuras; el porcentaje de frutos partidos fue similar en los tres sistemas de trilla. La venteadora produjo la menor pérdida de semilla (92.3% de recuperación y el mayor índice de remoción de material inerte (78.1%. Las densidades, método de cosecha, trilla y beneficio no afectaron la calidad física y fisiológica de las semillas. La germinación promedio fue de 92% y el índice de velocidad de emergencia (I. V. E. de 8.0 plántulas día-1. La humedad fue de 11.9%.
Acceso a recursos genéticos y distribución de beneficios en Colombia: desafíos del régimen normativo

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Luciana Carla Silvestri

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La investigación analiza los retos que presenta el régimen colombiano sobre acceso a recursos genéticos y distribución de beneficios mediante la utilización del método jurídico, con un enfoque descriptivo, comparativo y propositivo. El mecanismo de acceso y distribución de beneficios pretende desacelerar la pérdida de diversidad genética, entre otros fines. El marco legal se encuentra incompleto y no sistematizado. Asimismo, el procedimiento de acceso a recursos genéticos surge burocrático e ineficiente y obstaculiza así la investigación de la biodiversidad del país. Afortunadamente, la reciente simplificación del procedimiento para investigar recursos genéticos con fines no comerciales podría ayudar a resolver el mencionado problema para este tipo de proyectos. Además, la consulta previa articulada para el acceso a recursos genéticos ubicados en territorios de las comunidades indígenas y negras no garantiza la efectiva participación de aquellas. Por último, las medidas de cumplimiento establecidas, que circunscriben el control al acatamiento de la legislación colombiana y la de los países andinos, no satisfacen las disposiciones del Protocolo de Nagoya al respecto.
Revisión bibliográfica sobre los beneficios del coloreado de las lentes destinadas a las actividades deportivas

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Carlos Montaner Sesmero

2010-09-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos comerciales específicos para cada usuario es una línea de actuación preferente para cada vez más empresas del sector deportivo. Algunos de estos productos personalizados, como es el caso de las gafas deportivas con lentes coloreadas, ofrecen prestaciones que aseguran un mejor confort y/o rendimiento deportivo en determinados contextos. Sin embargo, la base científica que apoya el beneficio de dichos artículos es desconocida. Así, el propósito de este estudio es realizar una revisión del trabajo científico publicado que explique el posible beneficio que puede suponer el uso de un tipo de coloreado u otro en las lentes de las gafas deportivas. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica centrada en aspectos de confort y de rendimiento visual en la práctica deportiva, a través de bases documentales científicas, de páginas web y de normativa referente al uso de lentes deportivas. La principal conclusión que se puede extraer es que el estado del arte ofrece una limitada base científica para soportar los productos existentes en el mercado, así como para proponer lentes de color para deportes concretos. Queda establecido que a través de determinados filtros coloreados puedan mejorarse los tiempos de reacción y la habilidad visual, pero en caso de abordar esta línea de I+D, sería incluso necesario poner a punto métodos de medida adecuados.
Análisis del beneficio del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los síntomas vasomotores en pacientes postmenopáusicas

OpenAIRE

Paredes Pérez, Noé Napoleón

2013-01-01

Objetivo: Analizar el beneficio del ejercicio aeróbico sobre los síntomas vasomotores de las pacientes postmenopáusicas. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo, cuasi experimental, comparativo del antes y el después de ejercicio aeróbico en postmenopáusicas con síntomas vasomotores que acudieron para tratamiento no hormonal. Fueron ingresando desde el 2 de enero del 2012 y todas tuvieron seguimiento hasta el 30 de junio del 2012. Todas realizaron una rutina de ejercicio con evaluación bas...
La actividad físico-deportiva, sus beneficios en centros penitenciarios. Una aplicación en el centro penitenciario de Burgos.

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Martínez Antón, Miguel; Fernández Ciruelos, Álvaro

2016-01-01

En el presente artículo se consideran, a la luz de algunos estudios realizados, los beneficios físicos, psicológicos y sociales que puede generar la práctica físico-deportiva en la población reclusa, además de su posible influencia en los procesos de reeducación y reinserción social. Sirven de referencia la Ley General Penitenciaria (1979) y el Reglamento Penitenciario (1996). Se hace una aplicación al Centro Penitenciario de Burgos (España), mostrando la programación llevada a...
Beneficios y aplicaciones de la educación musical en alumnos con retraso mental en Educación Primaria

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Catalina Presa, Isabel

2016-01-01

Este trabajo está dirigido a la investigación de los posibles beneficios que pueda ejercer la música sobre los alumnos de Educación Primaria haciendo hincapié en aquellos con la patología de retraso mental. En la primera parte del trabajo se lleva a cabo una investigación y un análisis teórico de los conceptos y contenidos de la educación musical en la enseñanza primaria y el retraso mental junto con la relación entre ambos. En la segunda parte llevo a cabo una propuesta de intervención...
Cost-Benefit of the energy saving in the bioclimatic designs; Costo-Beneficio del ahorro de energia en los disenos bioclimaticos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez P, J. Manuel A. [Doble Dos Soluciones de Negocios, S.A. de C.V., Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Morillon G, David; Rodriguez V, Luis [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

1999-07-01

Tools and criteria for the Cost-Benefit analysis from the energy saving in bioclimatic designs (BD) are presented, for which, a reference project is established and the costs and benefits of energy saving in BD with base in that project are evaluated. A case study is presented taking as reference the traditional design of the air conditioning of a building and with this base the estimation of cost-benefit of the same building is made, but with passive systems. The tools used are those that allow to consider related resources such as time and money; in that sense, are used criteria such as: Present value (PV), Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) and the Cost of the Conserved Energy (CCE). The costs related to the construction, maintenance and operation of the design are taken into account. The differences between the reference design and the BD, established from the application of these criteria, allow to evaluate the economic margin of the BD as far as operation and maintenance is concerned. Finally the CCE of the bioclimatic measures is evaluated as an initiative of energy saving and the present value is calculated of the energy saving in the entire useful life of a bioclimatic design. [Spanish] Se presentan herramientas y criterios para el analisis Costo-Beneficio del ahorro de energia en disenos bioclimaticos (DB), para lo cual, se establece un proyecto de referencia y se evaluan los costos y beneficios del ahorro de energia en DB con base en ese proyecto. Se presenta el estudio de un caso tomando como referencia el dise tradicional de la climatizacion de un edificio y con base en este, se realiza la estimacion de costos y beneficios del mismo edificio, pero con sistemas pasivos. Las herramientas usadas, son aquellas que permiten considerar recursos relacionados como son tiempo y dinero; en ese sentido, se usan criterios como: Valor Presente (VP), Costo Anual Equivalente (CAE) y el Costo de la Energia Conservada (CEC). Se toman en consideracion los costos relacionados
Análisis Costo-Beneficio del Programa de Gas Natural Vehicular aplicado en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá

OpenAIRE

Saldarriaga Isaza Carlos Adrián; Vásquez Sánchez Edison; Chavarría Múnera Sergio

2011-01-01

Este texto presenta el resultado de la evaluación al Programa de Gas Natural Vehicular aplicado en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, mediante el método Análisis Costo- Benefi cio. Tras identificar y valorar económicamente cuatro costos: Privado, Ecodescuento, Tributario del Combustible y Tributario de la Conversión, y tres benefi cios: Privado, Fiscal y Externo, de los cuales el beneficio externo que representa el componente ambiental, requirió aplicar el método de transferencia...
Beneficios de la aplicación de normas internacionales ISO en procesos electorales

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Jeffrey Badí Quinteros Basantes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentarán los beneficios de la aplicabilidad de las normas internacionales ISO en los procesos electorales, con el fin de poder elevar los niveles de percepción positiva de los ciudadanos. Se verificará la aplicación de normas ISO/TS 17582:2014, Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad y la norma ISO/IEC 27001:2013, para todas las fases de un proceso electoral. Se expondrán los dominios que forman parte de la norma ISO/TS 17582:2014 , los cuales permiten un proceso de mejoramiento continuo a fin de garantizar la calidad de las metodologías que soportan la organización, administración, gestión, seguimiento y auditorías de un proceso electoral. La norma ISO/IEC 27001:2013 se alinea con la norma ISO9001:2008 para la gestión de seguridad de la información. La aplicación de esta normativa permitirá asegurar la integridad, confidencialidad y disponibilidad de la información durante los procesos electorales.
Los elementos de efectividad de los programas de educación nutricional infantil: la educación nutricional culinaria y sus beneficios

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Nur Al-Ali

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Actualmente existe una prevalencia alta de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles tanto en edad adulta como en edad infantil. Los programas de educación nutricional han mostrado su efectividad previniendo estas enfermedades. Algunos de los elementos de efectividad de estos programas son: la implementación de programas en las escuelas, la involucración de las familias y de toda la comunidad escolar, la proyección del programa a niños de 6 a 12 años de edad, el aprendizaje basado en la práctica, el programa educacional basado en teorías o la elaboración de herramientas necesarias para producir cambios conductuales. La educación nutricional culinaria o la educación en habilidades culinarias se presenta como una de las modalidades más eficaces pues el aprendizaje práctico sobre cómo preparar y cocinar los alimentos saludables ha demostrado beneficios como: el incremento del consumo de frutas y verduras, la mejora de las habilidades culinarias, la mejora de las creencias acerca de la alimentación, la mejora de las conductas alimentarias, la prevención de la obesidad infantil y la mejora de las elecciones dietéticas. A pesar de los beneficios descritos, se hace necesario tener un conocimiento más profundo e investigar en las variables de efectividad de la educación nutricional culinaria, especialmente en España.
Análisis beneficio-costo y cuantificación de la energía invertida en sistemas de caficultura campesina en Puriscal, Costa Rica

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Jairo Mora-Delgado

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Tres modelos de sistemas de producción de caficultura campesina en el Cantón de Puriscal, Costa Rica, fueron estudiados para determinar la relación beneficio-costo y estimar la energía invertida por producto obtenido. Los 3 modelos hipotéticos fueron el resultado del agrupamiento de 39 fincas, realizado mediante un análisis de conglomerados (cluster analysis, del cual resultaron 3 grupos. El primero fue denominado fincas de tecnología orgánica (TO, caracterizadas por utilizar recursos endógenos en su sistema de producción, principalmente tecnologías orgánicas. El segundo se caracterizó por ser fincas convencionales, donde se distinguieron 2 subgrupos: fincas de tecnología mixta (TM y fincas de tecnología convencional (TC. Las segundas usan tecnologías y recursos convencionales; las primeras funcionan bajo un esquema de caficultura convencional, pero han incorporado algunas prácticas y recursos de la agricultura orgánica. Se realizó un análisis beneficio-costo en 3 modelos hipotéticos, que representan a cada uno de los grupos de fincas definidos. Mediante el método de procesos, para evaluar la productividad de la energía, se estimó la cantidad de energía invertida en insumos y mano de obra en los 3 modelos; para ello se empleó factores de conversión reportados en diferentes estudios, y dichos valores fueron convertidos a valores de energía. Los beneficios financieros más altos, en el corto plazo, se obtuvieron en el modelo TC, comparado con los sistemas TO y TM. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista de la productividad de la energía, el modelo de caficultura orgánica es el que presenta una mayor eficiencia energética, en la medida en que para producir 1 kg de café en cereza se invirtió 0,51 MJ kg-1, que es 50% de la energía requerida para producir el mismo kg en los modelos TC (1,06 MJ kg-1 y TM (0,97 MJ kg-1.
Beneficios del ejercicio físico de baja intensidad durante la sesión de hemodiálisis en el paciente anciano

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Vicent Esteve Simo

2015-07-01

Conclusiones: 1 El programa adaptado de ejercicio físico intradiálisis mejoró la fuerza muscular, la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de nuestros pacientes ancianos en HD. 2 Aun en población anciana, nuestros resultados realzan los beneficios del ejercicio físico en los pacientes en HD. 3 Ante un paciente anciano en HD, merece la pena considerar la realización de ejercicio físico adaptado intradiálisis como una parte más del cuidado integral en HD.
El talento humano en beneficio de los usuarios del Centro de Salud Andrés de Vera del cantón Portoviejo.

OpenAIRE

Murillo Yulán, María Antonieta

2014-01-01

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la situación del talento humano en beneficio de los servicios de salud que se brindan en el Centro de Salud de la parroquia Andrés de Vera conocido como LEA del cantón Portoviejo. Los métodos que se utilizaron fueron inductivo-deductivo, Histórico exploratorio, descriptivo, correlacional, documental, así también las hipótesis y variables; en el caso de la investigación de campo se preguntó a los usuarios externos.
La percepción de beneficios y de mejora del equilibrio motriz en programas de actividad física en la tercera edad

OpenAIRE

Castañer, Marta; Saüch, Glòria; Prat, Queralt; Camerino, Oleguer; Anguera Argilaga, María Teresa

2016-01-01

Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la percepción de los beneficios y de la mejora del equilibrio motriz que tienen los participantes de la tercera edad en un programa de actividad física. Realizamos un enfoque mixed methods de tipo embedded design de los datos obtenidos de la observación sistematizada de los patrones motrices que generan programas dirigidos a este colectivo; la administración de un test estandarizado de equilibrio en geriatría y un cuestionario validado. Se analiz...
Efecto de diferentes presentaciones comerciales de plátano Hartón sobre la relación costo-beneficio de los productores de la Cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo

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Juan Carlos Nava

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo consistió en evaluar el efecto de las diferentes presentaciones comerciales del fruto de plátano Hartón (Musa AAB en racimos, en bolsas: presentaciones de 10 unidades y desgranado en cestas de 22 Kg sobre la relación costo-beneficio de los productores de la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada con un diseño experimental de campo, de bloques completos, al azar generalizado, La unidad experimental fue la pesada, compuesta por racimos de plátano hasta llegar a los 300 kg. Se realizaron mediciones de las variables: número de racimos, masa del racimo (kg, número de manos, número de dedos, kilos por cestas, ingresos, costos variables y la relación costo/beneficio. Se efectuó análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey con el paquete estadístico S.A.S. versión 9.1. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que la presentación en cestas (kilogramos fue la forma de presentación comercial que generó mejor relación costo-beneficio a los productores de plátano de dicha zona. Los productores de plátano dependieron de la modalidad de camionero-comerciante para la venta de sus frutos. La caracterización de la pesada de plátano como unidad de venta presentó una media de 223,44 manos, 41 racimos por pesada y 1.104,3 frutos de plátano. Se recomienda que los productores de plátano de ahora en adelante utilicen la forma de presentación comercial en cestas, lo que les generará mayores ingresos
Análise dos modelos de avaliação de requerentes ao beneficio de prestação continuada: 2006 a 2012

OpenAIRE

Bim, Miriam Cláudia Spada; Carvalho, Manoela de; Murofuse, Neide Tiemi

2015-01-01

Este estudo apresenta uma análise dos resultados do processo de avaliação da pessoa com deficiência (PcD), requerentes do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), baseado na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) a partir da caracterização dos requerentes deste beneficio quanto às incapacidades diagnosticadas. Entre os 1404 requerimentos de BPC, arquivados na Agência da Previdência Social (APS) de Assis Chateubriand, Paraná, foram analisadas as doenças e ou ...
El beneficio penitenciario del adelantamiento de la libertad condicional en España. Análisis histórico-evolutivo de la institución

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Daniel Fernández Bermejo

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Se tiene como objetivo analizar la evolución histórica y normativa del beneficio del adelantamiento de la libertad condicional, desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días, que constituye actualmente un mecanismo fundamental para que la ejecución de la pena cumpla con su función preventiva especial positiva, traducida en la resocialización del penado. Asimismo, se prestará especial atención a las limitaciones y restricciones impuestas por las reformas de los últimos años para su concesión y disfrute. Para ello, se plantea una metodología basada en un estudio sobre los antecedentes internacionales del sistema progresivo de ejecución de condenas, y un análisis evolutivo de la normativa penal y penitenciaria española, abordando la temática de manera analítica, descriptiva y sucinta de la normativa reguladora de la institución, poniendo de manifiesto la constante y creciente rigidez de la normativa punitiva reguladora del beneficio del adelantamiento de la libertad condicional. Y es que un siglo después de que se instaurase la libertad condicional en España, el mecanismo de otorgamiento de su adelantamiento se concibe de extremada, si no imposible, concesión.

Producción y beneficio de semilla de cilantro

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Estrada Salazar Edgar Ivan

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el potencial de rendimiento de semilla del cultivar Unapal â€“ Precoso utilizando cuatro densidades de siembra, dos métodos de cosecha, tres sistemas de trilla y tres operaciones de limpieza y clasificación. Se usó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcelas subdivididas con tres repeticiones. La densidad de 1.5 millones ha^-1 presentó el mayor rendimiento de semilla pura (1747.2 kg ha^-1, aunque no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La cosecha manual rindió 1.264.9kg ha^-1 y requirió 19.83 horas-hombre ha^-1; la mecánica rindió 1.059kg ha^-1 con 5.1 horas-hombre ha^-1. El sistema de trilla estacionaria rindió 44.42 kg hora^-1, seguido de trilla con garrote (36.97 kg h^-1 y trilla con marimba (11.41 kg h^-1. La trilla con garrote produjo el material más limpio y con menos fisuras; el porcentaje de frutos partidos fue similar en los tres sistemas de trilla. La venteadora produjo la menor pérdida de semilla (92.3% de recuperación y el mayor índice de remoción de material inerte (78.1%. Las densidades, método de cosecha, trilla y beneficio no afectaron la calidad física y fisiológica de las semillas. La germinación promedio fue de 92% y el índice de velocidad de emergencia (I. V. E. de 8.0 plántulas día^-1. La humedad fue de 11.9%.
Validez de un modelo basado en los costes de transacción para identificar los beneficios de los SIIO Validity of a model based on the transaction costs to identify the benefits from IOS

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Piercarlo Maggiolini

2002-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es verificar la validez de un modelo basado en los costes de transacción, para evaluar el impacto de la introducción y uso de los Sistemas de Información Interorganizativos (SIIO en las empresas. Se propone un modelo que considera diferentes tipos de beneficios, y después, a modo exploratorio, se aplica a la identificación de los beneficios obtenidos por el uso de Sistemas de Intercambio Electrónico de Datos (EDI en un grupo de empresas del sector de bienes de gran consumo. La verificación del modelo propuesto en una tecnología "clásica" ha permitido confirmar la utilidad del mismo para identificar los beneficios y especialmente aquellos situados a nivel interorganizativo.The main objective of this research work is the verification of the validity of a model based on the transaction costs, to be used for the impact evaluation of the introduction and use of Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS in companies. This model which has been proposed takes into consideration different kinds of benefits, and later in an exploratory way, it is applied to the benefits identification in using Electronic Data Interchange Systems (EDI in some enterprises within the mass consumer industry. The verification of the proposed model on a "classic" technology has allowed to confirm its usefulness for the identification of the benefits and mainly for those placed at the interorganizative level.
AGRICULTURA Y DESARROLLO RURAL; REFERENCIA ESPECIAL AL ASOCIACIONISNO AGRARIO/AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT; SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE AGRARIAN AFFILIATION

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Benjamín GARCÍA SANZ

2007-05-01

Full Text Available La agricultura es una actividad trasversal que afecta al mundo rural pero también a pueblos que no son rurales. Es una actividad que está presente en pueblos muy grandes del Sur denominados agro ciudades. A pesar de todo hay una vinculación muy directa entre agricultura y ruralidad, no tanto porque la agricultura es ya la base del trabajo del mundo rural, sino porque siendo su matriz. Para analizar el trabajo agrario en el mundo rural hay varias fuentes, una es la Encuesta de la Población Activa (EPA que da cuenta de las personas que trabajan en este sector y otra es el Censo Agrario o la Encuesta de Estructuras Agrarias que recoge todas las personas que tienen alguna vinculación laboral con la actividad agraria. El contraste entre estas dos fuentes revela la existencia de nuevas figuras que aparecen en los Censos y no en la EPA como los titulares de explotaciones agrarias que tienen otra actividad, los titulares que cubren menos de media jornada en la explotación, los cónyuges de los titulares o los familiares. Esto nos lleva a afirmar la importancia que tiene la actividad en el mundo rural por la vinculación a los trabajos de la agricultura no sólo de los agricultores sino también de aquellos que están jubilados, tienen otra ocupación principal o son simplemente colaboradores temporales del trabajo agrario. Planteando el futuro de la agricultura se ha introducido un comentario sobre la importancia del asociacionismo, no tanto el de producción, sino el de comercialización. Si bien los niveles alcanzados en cuanto a miembros y sectores implicados es alto, todavía queda un gran trecho que recorrer, sobre todo en lo que respecta a cooperativas de segundo grado y control de los mercados. Este es un reto al que hay que sumar una nueva apuesta que consiste en penetrar en los circuitos de la transformación por participar del reparto de beneficios, que sin duda se generan en esta fase, y también, por cumplir la normativa sobre calidad
Estudio de viabilidad económica para el tratamiento de aguas residuales a través de un análisis coste beneficio

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Molinos-Senante, Maria

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La realización de estudios económicos para la implementación de políticas eficientes de gestión de los recursos hídricos es una necesidad reconocida por la propia Directiva Marco del Agua. Por otra parte, la depuración de aguas residuales ha cobrado una importancia progresiva desde principios de la década de los setenta del siglo XX, como resultado de la preocupación general sobre el problema del deterioro de la calidad de las masas de agua. El objetivo principal que persigue el tratamiento de aguas residuales es la obtención de un vertido que no provoque impactos negativos sobre el medio ambiente y, por ello, en la actualidad constituye una de las principales medidas adoptadas para mejorar la calidad del medio receptor. En el contexto de la gestión de recursos hídricos se aplican una serie de metodologías como apoyo al proceso de toma de decisiones. Uno de los métodos de mayor aceptación es el Análisis Coste-Beneficio. Por ello, en este trabajo se lleva a cabo una aplicación empírica de esta metodología en el ámbito de la depuración de aguas residuales. La comparación de los beneficios ambientales derivados del tratamiento de estas aguas con los costes requeridos permite obtener un indicador útil sobre la viabilidad económica de estas instalaciones.
Arcillas pilarizadas con Al-Fe y Al-Ce-Fe como sistema de postratamiento de las aguas residuales del beneficio húmedo del café

OpenAIRE

Peralta Ladino, Yury Marlén

2013-01-01

El efluente del sistema de tratamiento biológico de las aguas residuales del beneficio húmedo del café contiene compuestos no biodegradables, principalmente (ácidos hidroxicinámicos y clorogénicos) los cuales fueron identificados mediante análisis preliminares por LC-MS, por su toxicidad deben ser tratados antes de su descarga en las fuentes hídricas. El sistema Fenton heterogéneo empleando como soportes Al-Fe-PILC y Al-Ce-Fe-PILC (en polvo) mostró importantes conversión de compuestos fenólic...
Cambios de las propiedades físico-químicas y perfil de ácidos grasos en cacao de Chuao, durante el beneficio

OpenAIRE

Lares Amaiz, Mary; Pérez Sira, Elevina; Álvarez Fernández, Clímaco; Perozo González, José; El Khori, Sandra

2013-01-01

El beneficio del cacao Theobroma cacao, en Venezuela, cambia de una región a otra y está influenciado por las condiciones ambientales de la región, lo cual trae consigo variaciones en la calidad de los productos finales y poco se ha reportado en relación a esto. Es por ello, que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y el perfil de ácidos grasos de los granos de cacao de la cosecha denominada “San Juanera” en la región de Chuao y en diferentes etapas ...
Restrictions and Countermeasures of Rural Vocational Education in Urban-rural Integration

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2012-01-01

Developing rural vocational education is of great significance to urban-rural integration: developing rural vocational education is helpful to cultivating new farmers for construction of new socialist countryside,favorable to improving farmers’ ability of finding jobs and starting undertaking, and beneficial to transfer of rural surplus labor and acceleration of urbanization. Restrictions on development rural vocational education mainly include: low value cognition of society and social assessment of rural vocational education; out of balance of cost and expected return of rural vocational education; the quality of supply of rural vocational education failure to satisfy demand of socio-economic development; imperfect rural vocational education system. In view of these,following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen propaganda and guidance to build environment of public opinion for rural vocational education; push forward rural vocational compulsory education system to lay social foundation for rural vocational education; reinforce policy support to assist in building rural vocational education system; improve education system to build overall framework of rural vocational education; perfect laws and regulations to establish system and norm for development of rural vocational education.
Managerial Strategies for the Conservation of Rurality in Rural Tourism

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Cornelia Petroman

2010-10-01

Full Text Available If we admit that rurality designates small densities, open areas, small settlements below 1,000 inhabitants, and land reserved mainly to agricultural and forestry practices, and as natural area, if we admit that society tends to be traditional and that government al policies tend to conserve rather than to make rapid or radical changes, then we should admit that rural tourism should be an activity generating new incomes in the area. Rurality also means preserving a continuum in the approach of different types of areas with different characteristics, a concept that can also be of use in the identification of activities specific to rural tourism. Be they activities specific to the rural environment or activities common to the rural area, they need to aim at the conservation of rurality as a main tourism resource. Managerial strategies in rural tourism contribute effectively to rural development, provided they are sustainable and that rural tourism be not the only solution for rural development.
Development of an electronic converter with maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems applied to rural electrification; Desenvolvimento de conversor eletronico para maxima transferencia de potencia em sistemas fotovoltaicos aplicados a eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado Neto, Lauro de Vilhena Brandao [Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais (PUC-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Cabral, Claudia Valeria Tavora; Oliveira Filho, Delly [Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), MG (Brazil); Diniz, Antonia Sonia Alves Cardoso [Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Cortizo, Porfirio Cabaleiro [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The maximization of the efficiency in the electric energy conversion is essential to the developing of technical and economic viability of photovoltaic solar energy systems. This paper presents the development of an electronic converter with maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems applied to rural electrification. The standalone photovoltaic system used is similar to the systems installed by Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais - CEMIG in the schools of isolated communities, inside the Solar Light Program. Initially were developed test procedures of the equipment used in the system like photovoltaic generators, electronic ballasts, inverters, charge controllers and batteries, covering minimum performance requirements and in compliance with national and international standards, as possible, due to the instrumentation availability. A data acquisition system was assembled to monitoring the photovoltaic system. A simulation of the system was implemented and the aims were to optimize the project and carry out a comparative study with the monitoring results. The converter with maximum power point tracking consists of a direct current converter in the buck configuration and the control algorithm was implemented in a micro controller, being the first results presented here. After finished the prototype, it will be incorporated in the photovoltaic system and will be accomplished a study of the technical and economic viability. The first results of the tests, of the monitoring and of the converter with maximum power point tracking are helping the sustainability of the systems installed by CEMIG, funding the government initiatives in the quality control of equipment and promoting the development of national technology. (author)
Creation of a mobile rural workforce following undergraduate longitudinal rural immersion.

Science.gov (United States)

Playford, Denese E; Ng, Wen Qi; Burkitt, Tessa

2016-05-01

This study followed the workforce choices of 10-years of graduates from a longitudinal rural immersion programme, which involved living for one academic year in a rural location as a medical student. The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia is a whole-of-state Rural Clinical School partnership involving two medical schools and fourteen rural/remote towns. For this longitudinal cohort study, all consenting graduates were contacted annually after graduation, with the outcome measure being rural work location (defined by the Australian Standard Geographical Classification -Remoteness Area) of any duration. There were 417 consenting graduates. Between 16 and 50% of contacted alumni worked rurally for a period of each post-graduate year. Aggregated over time, the majority took up to 30% of their postgraduate training rurally. There was considerable movement in and out of rural work. About 17% of contacted and practicing graduates were working full time rurally at the 2013 contact point. The majority remained in their state of training. The majority identified with GP and other rural-related colleges, and College-affiliation predicted amount of rural training time. Entry into rural work was equivalent for urban-origin and rural origin alumni, suggesting one year of RCS is sufficient to convert commitment to rural work. Undergraduate rural immersion is sufficient to create a graduate rural workforce that is far more mobile that was previously appreciated.
Cost-benefit of energy saving in bioclimatic designs; Costo-beneficio del ahorro de energia en los disenos bioclimatios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez P, J. Manuel A. [Doble dos soluciones de Negocios (Mexico); Morillon G, David; Rdriguez V, Luis [Universidad Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico)

2001-06-01

Tools and criteria for Cost-Benefit Analysis (ACB) of energy saving in bioclimatic designs (DB) are presented, for which a reference project is established. Based on the traditional design of air conditioning of a building and with the support of this one, the estimation of costs and benefits of the same building is made; but with passive systems. The tools used consider related resources such as time and money. Criteria are used such as: Present value (VP), Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) and the Cost of the conserved Energy (CEC). The costs related to the construction, maintenance and operation of the design are taken into consideration. The differences between the design of reference and the Bioclimatic Design, established from the application of these criteria, allow evaluating the economic margin as far as operation and maintenance. Finally, the cost of the conserved energy of the bioclimatic measures is evaluated as an initiative for energy saving and calculates the present value from them in all of the period of useful life of the bioclimatic design. [Spanish] Se presentan herramientas y criterios para el analisis Costo-Beneficio (ACB) del ahorro de energia en los disenos bioclimaticos (DB), para lo cual se establece un proyecto de referencia. Basado en el diseno tradicional de la climatizacion de un edificio y con apoyo en este, se realiza la estimacion de costos y beneficios del mismo edificio; pero con sistema pasivos. Las herramientas usadas consideran recursos relacionados como son tiempo y dinero. Se usan criterios tales como: Valor Presente (VP), Costo Anual Equivalente (CAE) y el Costo de la Energia conservada (CEC). Se toman en consideracion los costos relacionados con la construccion, mantenimiento y operacion del diseno. Las diferencias entre el diseno de referencia y el Diseno Bioclimatico, establecidas a partir de la aplicacion de estos criterios, permiten evaluar el margen economico en cuanto a la operacion y el mantenimiento. Finalmente, se
Análisis de costo-efectividad y costo-beneficio Programa de Detección Temprana de Cáncer Gástrico en Costa Rica

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Schram, Albert

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En la primera sección del estudio se calcula e costo-efectividad en términos de dólares gastados para salvar una vida en el programa de detección temprana de cáncer gástrico en el hospital Max Peralta en Cartago, Costa Rica, para el período 1996-2000. En la segunda parte del estudio, se aplica un método de medición directa a través encuestas para determinar el valor de una vida estadística salvada, lo que nos permite comparar costos y beneficios del programa. La disponibilidad de pagar de los pacientes de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social se tomó como base para este análisis. Si tomaríamos la comparación del costo para salvar una vida con el valor de una vida estadística salvada como criterio para evaluar el programa, existiría una fuerte justificación para este programa en Costa Rica, siempre cuando la productividad y la efectividad del tamizaje sean suficientes. Para lograr este nivel de productividad y efectividad, en términos de personas de grupos de alto riesgo tamizadas por día, se requieren algunos mejoramientos en la organización del programa. En el caso que no se realice este tipo de mejoramientos, una justificación menos fuerte existe in términos de beneficios para la sociedad. Sin embargo, hay que subrayar que una similar comparación nunca puede ser la única base para la toma de decisiones.
SUSCEPTIBILIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA DE AISLAMIENTOS DE Salmonella enterica PROVENIENTES DE PISOS, EQUIPOS, UTENSILIOS Y PRODUCTO TERMINADO EN PLANTAS DE BENEFICIO PORCINO EN COLOMBIA

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P. M. Bermúdez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La diseminación de Salmonella spp. resistente a antimicrobianos en las cadenas productivas de alimentos de origen animal es una preocupación de salud pública de carácter mundial. Este estudio describe los patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de 283 aislamientos de Salmonella enterica procedentes de plantas de beneficio porcino en Colombia. Se evaluó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana frente a diez antimicrobianos mediante el método de difusión en disco: amoxacilina-ácido clavulánico (30 ug, ampicilina (10 ug, ceftiofur (30 ug, ciprofloxacina (5 ug, cloranfenicol (30 ug, florfenicol (30 ug, gentamicina (10 ug, sulfadiazina/trimetroprim (25 ug, tetraciclina (30 ug y tilmicosina (15 ug. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de 279 aislamientos multirresistentes de Salmonella enterica de origen porcino provenientes del ambiente y del producto terminado en las plantas de beneficio evaluadas (46,64% n: 132. Se detectaron 52 patrones de multiresistencia: el más común fue ceftiofur-tetraciclina-tilmicosina en el 9,89% (n: 28 de los aislamientos. Con referencia a estos antimicrobianos, 96,82% (n: 274 de los aislamientos fueron resistentes a tetraciclina, 73,14% (n: 207 a tilmicosina y 28,27% (n: 80 a ceftiofur. De especial interés fue la alta proporción de aislamientos resistentes a ceftiofur, debido a una posible resistencia cruzada con ceftriaxona. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de promover el diseño e implementación de un Programa oficial Integrado de Vigilancia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana, además de sistemas de monitoreo voluntario en cada eslabón de la cadena productiva porcina, para contribuir a la prevención y control de la transmisión de microorganismos resistentes de origen alimentario en el marco del sistema de gestión de inocuidad alimentaria en Colombia.
Nota sobre un modelo de J. D. Hey para una empresa bajo incertidumbre en el precio que no busca necesariamente maximizar el beneficio

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Alberto A. Álvarez López

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo de Holthausen (1979 se estudia el comportamiento de una empresa competitiva bajo incertidumbre en el precio que tiene la opci´on de operar en un mercado de futuros. En el art´ıculo de Hey (1981b, el autor extiende este modelo al considerar una empresa que, en vez de buscar maximizar el beneficio (como la empresa original, busca maximizar el rendimiento neto por trabajador (labor-managed firm. En el presente trabajo estudiamos ciertos aspectos relacionados con la empresa del modelo de Hey no tratados por el autor, ni tampoco tratados en el contexto del trabajo original de Holthausen.
Motivaciones de la Gerencia para Manipular la Cifra de Beneficio Contable

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Edison Cornejo Saavedra

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Las prácticas de earnings management son usadas para alterar la cifra de beneficios reportada en los estados financieros, ya sea para inducir a error a las partes interesadas en el desempeño de la firma, o para influir en los resultados contractuales que dependen de las cifras contables. Este artículo analiza las principales motivaciones de la gerencia de una empresa para efectuar prácticas de earnings management. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los principales artículos de la literatura contable. Se identifican cuatro grupos de motivaciones: (1 contractuales; (2 políticas y regulatorias; (3 de valoración; y (4 fiscales o tributarias. También se analizan las razones para cometer una forma extrema de earnings management: el fraude contable. Reconocer a tiempo la existencia de alguna de estas motivaciones al interior de una organización, podría ser útil para entender y anticipar las decisiones de la gerencia y el comportamiento de una firma, frente a determinados escenarios políticos, económicos y financieros. Earnings management techniques are used to alter financial statements, either to mislead stakeholders on the performance of a firm or to influence contractual outcomes that depend on the accounting figures. This article analyzes the main motivations that lead company executives to apply earnings management practices. A review of accounting literature was performed and 4 groups of motivations were found: (1 contract; (2 policies and regulations; (3 valuation; and (4 taxes. The reasons for committing an extreme form of earnings management, accounting fraud, are also discussed. Identifying of some of these motivations within an organization may be useful to understand and anticipate management decisions and firm behavior in the face of certain political, economic and financial scenarios.
Cirugía para la obesidad: efectos generales, beneficios y riesgos

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V. Karin Papapietro, Dra.

2012-03-01

Full Text Available El paciente obeso es difícil de tratar. La cirugía para la obesidad en pocos meses logra disminuir más del 20% del peso corporal. Las técnicas quirúrgicas actúan restringiendo la capacidad gástrica y/o produciendo malabsorción parcial de los alimentos. Todas han demostrado ser eficaces para el tratamiento de la obesidad y mejorar sus comorbilidades asociadas, destacando el alto porcentaje de remisión de la diabetes tipo 2, especialmente con las técnicas malabsortivas. El banding gástrico tienen la menor tasa de remisión de diabetes tipo2. La mayoría de los beneficios de la cirugía persisten más de 10 años, lo que ha permitido observar disminución del riesgo de aparición de enfermedades del ámbito metabólico, reducción del riesgo cardiovascular y de la mortalidad general de obesos mórbidos operados. Actualmente, las técnicas quirúrgicas más frecuentes son el bypass gástrico y la gastrectomía vertical (manga gástrica. La cirugía bariátrica tiene baja tasa de morbimortalidad en centros quirúrgicos expertos, sin embargo se pueden producir complicaciones nutricionales que se deben prevenir o tratar precozmente. La participación de un equipo multidisciplinario con expertos en nutrición, salud mental y actividad física aumenta las posibilidades de lograr una mejor reducción y mantención del peso, ya que con todas las técnicas se puede producir reganancia de peso en el largo plazo.
Estudio de la Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni como edulcorante natural y su uso en beneficio de la salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rebeca Salvador-Reyes

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Lastevia, conocida también como “El edulcorante milagroso”, es considerada el mejor sustituto del azúcardebido a que es hasta 300 veces más dulce y no contiene calorías. Este arbusto, cultivado en los bosques deBrasil y Paraguay, presenta en su composición unalto porcentaje de glucósidos de esteviol (esteviósido yrebaudiosida A, los cuales le confieren un sabor dulce intenso y propiedades terapéuticas contra la diabetes, lahipertensión y la obesidad; además ayuda al control del peso, la saciedad y el hambre. Por su contenido encompuestos fenólicos, lastevia actúa también como un excelente antioxidante y anticancerígeno; asimismo seha demostrado que posee propiedades antibacterianas, anticonceptivas y diuréticas. Este trabajo de revisióntuvo como objetivo, recopilar información sobre los estudios realizados a la stevia como alternativa al azúcar ylos beneficios de su consumo.
Smart transmission grids - benefits and risks; Redes de transmision inteligente. Beneficios y riesgos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velasco-Ramirez, E.; Angeles-Camacho, C. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mails: TVelascoR@iingen.unam.mx; CAngelesC@ii.unam.mx; Garcia-Martinez, M. [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. E-mail: mgarciam@ittoluca.edu.mx

2013-01-15

Nowadays the Power Systems are working near their stability limits, for this reason it is necessary and essential a transition to new transmission systems that ensure efficient delivery of electrical energy, with the objective to prevent blackouts that cause significant losses in the economy of any country in the world. This paper analyzes important elements to consider having a healthy and efficient transition from a power grid vertically integrated into a smart transmission grid. A comparative analysis in the model, development, benefits and risks of the implementation of these systems, between two of the main marc of references of smart grids, the EU and the USA is presented. [Spanish] Actualmente los sistemas electricos operan cada vez mas cercanos a sus limites de estabilidad, es por ello que se hace necesaria y primordial la transicion hacia nuevos sistemas de transmision que garanticen la eficiente entrega de la energia electrica, evitando con ello cortes de energia que generan importantes perdidas en la economia de cualquier pais del mundo. En este documento se realiza un analisis de los elementos necesarios para una sana y eficiente transicion de una red de transmision electrica verticalmente, integrada hacia una red de transmision inteligente. Se presenta un analisis comparativo entre dos de los marcos de referencia mas importantes, el de la UE y el de EUA, en el modelo, desarrollo, beneficios y riesgos en la implementacion de estos sistemas.
Has Rural Banking Developed Rural Nigeria? | Amadasu | African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

There is problem of rural development in Nigeria because of increasing poverty in the rural areas where about 70% of the people live. Reducing poverty means increasing income. Increasing income means increasing bank loans and advances for efficient application to agricultural and industrial activities in the rural Nigeria ...
Rural Communatcation: legitimizing digital inclusion in rural field

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Juliana Correa Bernardes

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Through contemporary analysis, it was noted that the countryside of São Paulo experienced drastic transformation and demanded rural family farmers to adapt themselves to technological innovations, where the most striking is the use of the internet in search of information to the sustainable development of rural property. The research adopted a methodological way of exploratory, through the case study, which analyzed the general objective the dissemination and usability of information and communication technologies in rural areas in the interior of forms-based applied to farmers in the family farms belonging to theAssociation of banana growers of Tupã. In seeking to achieve this goal, reflected on the use of internet in rural areas and measured-factors that enhance digital communication barriers in rural addressing the digital divide becomes a limiting factor to access. In this sense, the rural communication emerges as relational link mediating solutions and incorporating the diffusion of innovations in the pursuit of digital literacy of farmers contributing to the democratization of society in the information age.

Electrification of small rural properties in the Cangucu-Brazil city using alternative sources for electricity generation; Eletrificacao de pequenas propriedades rurais do municipio de Cangucu empregando fontes alternativas para a producao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hecktheuer, Lucio Almeida [Rio Grande do Sul Univ., Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Nucleo de Energia

1998-12-31

This paper aims at specifying and measuring the main alternative electrification system components, such as solar and eolic, which make use of the property`s energetical potential that, to a small extent, do not represent pollution sources to the environment. The results indicated that, the small rural properties of Cangucu country, which present a low daily electric energy consumption, these alternative systems are able to technically and economically supply electric energy and provide reasonable subsidies to electrification projects which can eventually be developed in the country. (author) 4 refs., 2 figs., 5 tabs.
Defining and Describing Rural: Implications for Rural Special Education Research and Policy

Science.gov (United States)

Hawley, Leslie R.; Koziol, Natalie A.; Bovaird, James A.; McCormick, Carina M.; Welch, Greg W.; Arthur, Ann M.; Bash, Kirstie

2016-01-01

A critical aspect of rural research is carefully defining and describing the rural context. This is particularly important in rural special education research because different definitions of rural may influence resource allocation, grant funding eligibility, and/or research findings. In order to highlight the importance of operationalizing rural,…
Características, manejo, usos y beneficios del saúco (Sambucus nigra L. con énfasis en su implementación en sistemas silvopastoriles del Trópico Alto

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Beatriz Milena Grajales Atehortúa

2015-03-01

Full Text Available El sauco Sambucus nigra es un arbusto con características botanicas, composicion quimica y sustancias activas, que ofrece las condiciones para ser aprovechado con fines medicinales, alimenticios, ornamentales, artesanales y para suplementación animal. Sobre la especie existen publicaciones sobre diversos temas en particular, sin embargo, no se cuenta con un documento que contenga informacion total sobre la especie. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue consolidar documentacion bibliografica sobre las caracteristicas, manejo y usos del sauco, que permita conocer ampliamente la especie y asi motivar su implementación en sistemas productivos generando beneficios sociales, ambientales y economicos, de tal manera que se puedan aprovechar todos los beneficios que esta brinda. Es asi como al final del articulo se dan recomendaciones sobre el manejo y uso del S. nigra en sistemas silvopastoriles del tropico alto, entre los que se tienen las cortinas rompe vientos, cercas vivas, sistema de ramoneo y banco de forraje mixto. Entre las alternativas en sistemas silvopastoriles, se tiene el sauco como especie multiproposito, el cual por sus propiedades permite ser implementado bajo diferentes herramientas de manejo del paisaje y proporciona forraje de buena calidad, mejora las condiciones de la leche, aporta en la protección de los recursos y en general ofrece diversidad de subproductos que pueden ser aprovechados.
Rural Entrepreneurship or Entrepreneurship in the Rural

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsgaard, Steffen; Müller, Sabine; Tanvig, Hanne Wittorff

2015-01-01

Purpose: This article investigates how rural entrepreneurship engages with place and space. It explores the concept of “rural” in rural enterprise, and illustrates the importance of distinguishing between types of rural entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: The constructs of “place” and ...... these processes are enabled and constrained by the immediate context or “place”. The paper weaves space and place in order to show the importance of context for entrepreneurship, which responds to the recent calls for contextualizing entrepreneurship research and theories....
Rural origin plus a rural clinical school placement is a significant predictor of medical students' intentions to practice rurally: a multi-university study.

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, Judith H; Dewitt, Dawn E; Pallant, Julie F; Cunningham, Christine E

2012-01-01

Health workforce shortages are a major problem in rural areas. Australian medical schools have implemented a number of rural education and training interventions aimed at increasing medical graduates' willingness to work in rural areas. These initiatives include recruiting students from rural backgrounds, delivering training in rural areas, and providing all students with some rural exposure during their medical training. However there is little evidence regarding the impact of rural exposure versus rural origin on workforce outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify and assess factors affecting preference for future rural practice among medical students participating in the Australian Rural Clinical Schools (RCS) Program. Questionnaires were distributed to 166 medical students who had completed their RCS term in 2006; 125 (75%) responded. Medical students were asked about their preferred location and specialty for future practice, their beliefs about rural work and life, and the impact of the RCS experience on their future rural training and practice preferences. Almost half the students (47%; n=58) self-reported a 'rural background'. Significantly, students from rural backgrounds were 10 times more likely to prefer to work in rural areas when compared with other students (ppreferring general practice, 80% (n=24) wished to do so rurally. Eighty-five per cent (n=105) of students agreed that their RCS experience increased their interest in rural training and practice with 62% (n=75) of students indicating a preference for rural internship/basic training after their RCS experience. A substantial percentage (86%; n=108) agreed they would consider rural practice after their RCS experience. This baseline study provides significant evidence to support rural medical recruitment and retention through education and training, with important insights into the factors affecting preference for future rural practice. By far the most significant predictor of rural practice
The rural pipeline to longer-term rural practice: General practitioners and specialists.

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Marcella M S Kwan

Full Text Available Rural medical workforce shortage contributes to health disadvantage experienced by rural communities worldwide. This study aimed to determine the regional results of an Australian Government sponsored national program to enhance the Australian rural medical workforce by recruiting rural background students and establishing rural clinical schools (RCS. In particular, we wished to determine predictors of graduates' longer-term rural practice and whether the predictors differ between general practitioners (GPs and specialists.A cross-sectional cohort study, conducted in 2012, of 729 medical graduates of The University of Queensland 2002-2011. The outcome of interest was primary place of graduates' practice categorised as rural for at least 50% of time since graduation ('Longer-term Rural Practice', LTRP among GPs and medical specialists. The main exposures were rural background (RB or metropolitan background (MB, and attendance at a metropolitan clinical school (MCS or the Rural Clinical School for one year (RCS-1 or two years (RCS-2.Independent predictors of LTRP (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] were RB (2.10 [1.37-3.20], RCS-1 (2.85 [1.77-4.58], RCS-2 (5.38 [3.15-9.20], GP (3.40 [2.13-5.43], and bonded scholarship (2.11 [1.19-3.76]. Compared to being single, having a metropolitan background partner was a negative predictor (0.34 [0.21-0.57]. The effects of RB and RCS were additive-compared to MB and MCS (Reference group: RB and RCS-1 (6.58[3.32-13.04], RB and RCS-2 (10.36[4.89-21.93]. Although specialists were less likely than GPs to be in LTRP, the pattern of the effects of rural exposures was similar, although some significant differences in the effects of the duration of RCS attendance, bonded scholarships and partner's background were apparent.Among both specialists and GPs, rural background and rural clinical school attendance are independent, duration-dependent, and additive, predictors of longer-term rural practice. Metropolitan
Rural transformations in the context of changing rural-urban connections

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Birch-Thomsen, Torben; Ørtenblad, Sinne Borby; Msese, Lukelo

, the infrastructure, including road systems and means of communication, has in general increased and improved. This development has among a number of other things caused changing patterns of mobility. These changes are highly interrelated and connected to changing rural-urban linkages, which include flows of people......, capital, resources, agricultural commodities, goods, services, technology and information, between rural and urban locations. We emphasize that the rural-urban connections go beyond the spatial dichotomy and that the linkages often occur in a dynamic rural-urban continuum. Influenced by these changes......, this paper sets out to elucidate patterns and dynamics of rural transformation in Tanzania in the context of changing rural-urban linkages by presenting data from a particularly dynamic region; namely Njombe Region in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Based on fieldwork conducted during 2014 and 2015...
The End of Rural Society and the Future of Rural Sociology.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedland, William H.

Rural sociology confronts a continuing crisis of identity because of its failure to develop a sociology of agriculture. Historically, despite an initial focus on agriculture, rural sociology became deflected to the analysis of rurality. Recent emphasis of rural sociologists on the turnaround phenomenon is symptomatic, but fails to deal with the…
The role of rural libraries in the attainment of rural development ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The paper examines the role that rural libraries could play in the attainment of rural development with a view to accelerate growth in all areas of human endeavors in rural areas of Nigeria. The study took cognizance of inherent problems that undermine the establishment of rural libraries such as funding, illiteracy, clientele ...
Rural residents' perspectives on the rural 'good death': a scoping review.

Science.gov (United States)

Rainsford, Suzanne; MacLeod, Roderick D; Glasgow, Nicholas J; Wilson, Donna M; Phillips, Christine B; Wiles, Robert B

2018-05-01

The 'good death' is one objective of palliative care, with many 'good death' viewpoints and research findings reflecting the urban voice. Rural areas are distinct and need special consideration. This scoping review identified and charted current research knowledge on the 'good' rural death through the perspectives of rural residents, including rural patients with a life-limiting illness, to identify evidence and gaps in the literature for future studies. A comprehensive literature search of English language articles (no date filter applied) was conducted in 2016 (2 January to 14 February) using five library databases. Reference lists of included articles, recent issues of eight relevant journals and three grey literature databases were also hand-searched. Twenty articles (for 17 studies and one systematic review) were identified after a two-phase screening process by two reviewers, using pre-determined inclusion criteria. Data from each study were extracted and charted, analysed using a thematic analysis of the included articles' content, and with a quantitative analysis of the scoping review. These papers revealed data collected from rural patients with a life-limiting illness and family caregivers, rural healthcare providers, the wider rural community, rural community leaders and rural health administrators and policy makers. Rural locations were heterogeneous. Residents from developed and developing countries believe a 'good death' is one that is peaceful, free of pain and without suffering; however, this is subjective and priorities are based on personal, cultural, social and religious perspectives. Currently, there is insufficient data to generalise rural residents' perspectives and what it means for them to die well. Given the extreme importance of a 'good death', there is a need for further studies to elicit rural patient and family caregiver perspectives. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
LO RURAL. UN CAMPO INACABADO THE RURAL AREA: AN UNFINISHED “FIELD”

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Nelly del Carmen Suárez Restrepo

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El surgimiento de nuevas lecturas de la realidad social rural latinoamericana, e incluso europea, y los efectos de las políticas internacionales sobre qué producir, cuánto, cómo y dónde, han puesto en la agenda académica el debate entorno al significado y contenido de lo rural y del desarrollo rural. En el centro de esta controversia está la superación o ruptura entre lo rural y lo agrario, dos términos otrora considerados como sinónimos. Trascender esta dicotomía reduccionista abre la posibilidad de repensar los caminos y las estrategias mediante las cuales las sociedades en general, en sus esfuerzos por autoproducirse crean condiciones de vida, proveen recursos necesarios y pertinentes y movilizan las capacidades y las libertades de los pobladores rurales. Este documento recoge los elementos más sobresalientes de la investigación “Repensando lo rural y el desarrollo rural” en la que se hizo una revisión de literatura sobre el tema y se buscó, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas³, la participación de funcionarios institucionales, representantes gremiales y académicos. En términos generales se pretendía identificar los significados y los contenidos que se atribuyen a lo rural y al desarrollo rural. El texto se organiza en tres partes: En la primera parte, Reiteración o resignificación, se analizan los posibles avances y permanencias en los significados y contenidos de lo rural y del desarrollo rural. En la segunda, denominada Elementos constitutivos del desarrollo rural, se hace referencia a las dimensiones, los indicadores y los actores identificados mediante la información obtenida. En la tercera parte, se establece una relación entre el discurso y las prácticas de desarrollo en Colombia y sus implicaciones en el diseño de políticas públicas. Finalmente se concluye que el desarrollo rural ha tenido como trasfondo una orientación modernizadora de la sociedad rural en general y del sector agrario en particular
Pedagogy of the Rural: Implications of Size on Conceptualisations of Rural

Science.gov (United States)

Walker-Gibbs, Bernadette; Ludecke, Michelle; Kline, Jodie

2015-01-01

This paper proposes a concept of Pedagogy of the Rural that draws together current rural education theory and practice to illustrate the complexities of rural space and place often overlooked in teacher education more broadly. We firstly examine notions of size, and then we explore how this impacts on the ways in which teachers in rural locations…
Costo-beneficio de la profilaxis antibiótica perioperatoria en los pacientes operados de hiperplasia prostática

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Lourdes Santana Sarrhy

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Se revisaron 98 historias clínicas de pacientes operados de hiperplasia prostática benigna en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Joaquín Albarrán; por las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas. La terapéutica antimicrobiana con kanamicina se utilizó en 41 de estos casos de forma convencional, en dosis de 10 a 15 mg/kg de peso/24 h durante 7 d y los 57 casos restantes recibieron antibioticoterapia perioperatoria con ceftriaxona, en dosis de 1 g intramuscular en el momento de la inducción anestésica y 1 g intramuscular 1 h antes de la remoción del catéter uretral. Se hizo un estudio comparativo de los resultados del uso de ambos métodos profilácticos, donde se demostró el enorme beneficio, desde el punto de vista de los costos, de la ceftriaxona perioperatoria, pues implica una mayor eficacia del medicamento con menores costos hospitalarios
Hidrolizados de pescado – producción, beneficios y nuevos avances en la industria. -Una revisión

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José Igor Hleap Zapata

2017-07-01

Full Text Available La Agroindustria Pesquera representa una cadena de producción de gran importancia en la economía mundial, sin embrago, grandes cantidades de subproductos se generan anualmente, lo que redunda en pérdidas económicas y en impactos negativos sobre el medio ambiente. No obstante, los residuos pueden ser utilizados de manera eficiente para múltiples propósitos: mejorar las propiedades funcionales de los alimentos, como potentes antioxidantes, proteger la salud de las personas y proporcionar los nutrientes esenciales. La tecnología de la hidrólisis permite el procesamiento integral del pescado con el fin de lograr estos propósitos. Esto ha despertado el interés de los investigadores y las industrias de todo el mundo mediante el estudio de nuevas especies, procesos y tecnologías que conduzcan a materializarse en productos con potencial de mercado. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar la producción, beneficios y nuevos desarrollos sobre los hidrolizados de pescado desde un aspecto tecnológico, nutricional y funcional.
BENEFICIOS DE LA MÚSICA EN CONDUCTAS DISRUPTIVAS EN LA ADOLESCENCIA

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Rocío Chao Fernández

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza los beneficios de la música en la modificación de la conducta, la autoconfianza, la empatía, la autoestima y las habilidades sociales, fruto de la experiencia realizada durante un curso escolar con un grupo de discentes de 4º curso de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (12-16 años en La Coruña (España. Ante la imposibilidad de desarrollar con éxito la labor docente debido al retraso académico de los alumnos y su indisciplina se decidió poner en práctica en el aula ordinaria un modelo de trabajo diseñado a partir de la recopilación de conocimientos de pedagogía musical, musicoterapia e inteligencia emocional. Para su desarrollo se han empleado diferentes instrumentos diagnósticos (basados en los tests formulados por Gallego, Alonso, Cruz y Lizama, con el fin de, una vez obtenidos los resultados, replantear la metodología de trabajo a través del empleo de música clásica, y comprobar las mejoras en los parámetros anteriormente señalados. Este nuevo planteamiento otorga un carácter innovador a la enseñanza musical, y en él apostamos por la importancia de descubrir estrategias motivadoras en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Tras la puesta en práctica de esta experiencia confirmamos la hipótesis de que a través de la música es posible mejorar el comportamiento, ya que tras emplear las estrategias adecuadas, puede utilizarse como potenciadora de conductas tolerantes. A través de la aplicación de nuevos test y de los resultados académicos se corroboró que el 100% de la muestra mejoró su autoestima, la autoconfianza, sus habilidades sociales, se redujeron los conflictos, y comenzaron a realizar trabajos en conjunto, así fueron modificando sus conductas disruptivas o antisociales.
Beneficios de la música en conductas disruptivas en la adolescencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chao Fernández, Rocío

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza los beneficios de la música en la modificación de la conducta, la autoconfianza, la empatía, la autoestima y las habilidades sociales, fruto de la experiencia realizada durante un curso escolar con un grupo de discentes de 4º curso de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (12-16 años en La Coruña (España. Ante la imposibilidad de desarrollar con éxito la labor docente debido al retraso académico de los alumnos y su indisciplina se decidió poner en práctica en el aula ordinaria un modelo de trabajo diseñado a partir de la recopilación de conocimientos de pedagogía musical, musicoterapia e inteligencia emocional. Para su desarrollo se han empleado diferentes instrumentos diagnósticos (basados en los tests formulados por Gallego, Alonso, Cruz y Lizama, con el fin de, una vez obtenidos los resultados, replantear la metodología de trabajo a través del empleo de música clásica, y comprobar las mejoras en los parámetros anteriormente señalados. Este nuevo planteamiento otorga un carácter innovador a la enseñanza musical, y en él apostamos por la importancia de descubrir estrategias motivadoras en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Tras la puesta en práctica de esta experiencia confirmamos la hipótesis de que a través de la música es posible mejorar el comportamiento, ya que tras emplear las estrategias adecuadas, puede utilizarse como potenciadora de conductas tolerantes. A través de la aplicación de nuevos test y de los resultados académicos se corroboró que el 100% de la muestra mejoró su autoestima, la autoconfianza, sus habilidades sociales, se redujeron los conflictos, y comenzaron a realizar trabajos en conjunto, así fueron modificando sus conductas disruptivas o antisociales.
Beneficios económicos de la certificación LEED. Edificio centro Ático: caso de estudio

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Óscar Ribero

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se estudian los beneficios económicos de la aplicación del programa de certificación de construcciones sostenibles LEED, en el Edificio Centro Ático situado en Bogotá - Colombia. Inicialmente, se determinan los consumos de agua y energía eléctrica, y los costos de construcción y operación del edificio bajo su diseño original (construido sin tener en cuenta los parámetros establecidos por LEED. Seguido a esto se plantean estrategias para lograr que el edificio Centro Ático alcance la certificación LEED GOLD New Construction V3 2009 y se calculan los incrementos económicos asociados a éstas. Así mismo, se calculan los nuevos consumos de agua y energía eléctrica bajo la aplicación de dichas estrategias (diseño modificado y sus correspondientes costos de operación. Finalmente, se determinan los indicadores de bondad económica de la inversión mediante un análisis de flujo de caja.
Red Rural, Blue Rural: The Geography of Presidential Voting in Rural America

Science.gov (United States)

Scala, Dante J.; Johnson, Kenneth M.

2016-01-01

Political commentators routinely treat rural America as an undifferentiated bastion of strength for Republicans. In fact, rural America is a deceptively simple term describing a remarkably diverse collection of places encompassing nearly 75 percent of the U.S. land area and 50 million people. Voting trends in this vast area are far from…
Connecting College Learners with Rural Entrepreneurship Opportunities: The Rural Entrepreneurship Teaching Unit

Science.gov (United States)

Frazier, Barbara J.; Niehm, Linda S.; Stoel, Leslie

2012-01-01

The Rural Entrepreneurship Teaching Unit (RETU) is designed to acquaint university retailing and hospitality majors with rural entrepreneurship opportunities. The unit is an outcome of a federal grant focused on the contribution of the local retail sector to rural community resilience. The RETU integrates knowledge regarding rural development,…
Costes, Beneficios y factores Ligados a la Política de Divulgación de Información Financiera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Larrán Jorge

2004-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo, basado en una revisión de la literatura empírica más relevante, es el analizar los costes y beneficios asociados a las políticas de divulgación de información financiera, así como los factores que puedan estar más relacionados con la extensión de la información publicada por las empresas. Entre los costes asociados a la oferta informativa se encontrarían los relativos a su confección, publicación y auditoria; así como otra serie de costes indirectos, más difíciles de medir, tales como costes legales, costes políticos y costes asociados a la pérdida de ventaja competitiva. Por otra parte, los beneficios de una mayor cantidad de información se pueden ligar a una reducción de las percepciones de incertidumbre futura y, por tanto, pueden llevar a la reducción del coste de capital, mejora de la liquidez y de la credibilidad de la empresa, así como incrementar la capacidad de obtención de fondos externos. De todas las variables analizadas, el factor tamaño es el que más se repite en los trabajos empíricos como explicativo de las políticas de divulgación más proactivas. Lo anterior no es de extrañar, habida cuenta que conforme mayor sea el tamaño, mayores serán los costes de agencia, costes políticos y costes legales, así como la presión ejercida por los demandantes de información. Por otra parte, menores, en este caso, serán los costes de pérdida de ventaja competitiva y los costes marginales directos derivados de una mayor cantidad de información divulgada. Por tanto, se pude inferir que en las empresas de mayor dimensión los beneficios derivados de la oferta informativa puedan superar estos costes, y justificar la mayor extensión de la información publicada en estos casos. Igualmente, una vez señaladas algunas debilidades o limitaciones de los estudios analizados, en el trabajo se indican algunas posibles líneas de investigación que se podrían seguir en un futuro y en

Rural Non-Farm Sector and Labor Market in Rural Vietnam: Trends and Determinants

OpenAIRE

Nguyen , Trung Hung

2016-01-01

This dissertation aims to investigate the Trends and Determinants of the Rural Non-Farm Sector and Labor Market in Rural Vietnam since the global economic crisis occurred in 2007 with the focus on the household's diversification; the involvement of rural individuals in Rural Non-Farm Employment; Rural Labor Market development; and assessment of a specific labor market policy.
Rural maternity care.

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Katherine J; Couchie, Carol; Ehman, William; Graves, Lisa; Grzybowski, Stefan; Medves, Jennifer

2012-10-01

To provide an overview of current information on issues in maternity care relevant to rural populations. Medline was searched for articles published in English from 1995 to 2012 about rural maternity care. Relevant publications and position papers from appropriate organizations were also reviewed. This information will help obstetrical care providers in rural areas to continue providing quality care for women in their communities. Recommendations 1. Women who reside in rural and remote communities in Canada should receive high-quality maternity care as close to home as possible. 2. The provision of rural maternity care must be collaborative, woman- and family-centred, culturally sensitive, and respectful. 3. Rural maternity care services should be supported through active policies aligned with these recommendations. 4. While local access to surgical and anaesthetic services is desirable, there is evidence that good outcomes can be sustained within an integrated perinatal care system without local access to operative delivery. There is evidence that the outcomes are better when women do not have to travel far from their communities. Access to an integrated perinatal care system should be provided for all women. 5. The social and emotional needs of rural women must be considered in service planning. Women who are required to leave their communities to give birth should be supported both financially and emotionally. 6. Innovative interprofessional models should be implemented as part of the solution for high-quality, collaborative, and integrated care for rural and remote women. 7. Registered nurses are essential to the provision of high-quality rural maternity care throughout pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period. Maternity nursing skills should be recognized as a fundamental part of generalist rural nursing skills. 8. Remuneration for maternity care providers should reflect the unique challenges and increased professional responsibility faced by providers in
ROLE OF RURAL TOURISM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS

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Andrej Udovč

2001-09-01

Full Text Available The paper analyse the role of rural tourism for the development of rural areas, on the comparison of two regions with different types of rural tourism. One area is of highly diversifi ed rural tourism with wide range of tourist products (rafting, hiking, cycling, farm tourism, skiing …. The tourism offer in the second area is much more uniform (mainly farm tourism and some spa. The study analysed how the two different types of tourist product diversifi cations influence the development possibilities of studied rural areas. We analysed how different systems are able to maintain its functions in the context of identifi ed perturbations (socio-economic and geophysical. We analysed the infl uence of different factors on systems stability, its resilience, robustness and integrity. The gained results show that only the higher level of diversifi cation is not a guarantee for systems higher stability, resilience, robustness and integrity, but there also other
Reflexión sobre las normas de finanzas públicas: enfoque sobre concesión de beneficios por medio de renuncia de ingresos públicos

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Romualdo Douglas Colauto

2013-03-01

Full Text Available La sociedad brasileña convive con modificaciones en el modo de gestión del patrimonio público. Parte de esas modificaciones puede ser atribuida a la edición de la Ley de Responsabilidad Fiscal (LRF, una vez que creó reglas rígidas para la renuncia de ingresos públicos. Analizar las normas de finanzas públicas que imponen límites y condiciones para alcanzar responsabilidad en la gestión fiscal, en especial, en lo que se refiere a la concesión de beneficios por medio del instituto de la renuncia de ingresos, tiene gran relevancia como una contribución social. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en proveer una reflexión sobre doctrina y jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Cuentas de la Unión y del Estado de Minas Gerais, que establecen condiciones restrictivas para la renuncia de ingresos públicos. La pesquisa se caracteriza como exploratoria y utiliza como fuentes documentales legislación, doctrina y jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Cuentas de la Unión y del Tribunal de Cuentas del Estado de Minas Gerais, a fin de subsidiar apuntamientos inferenciales sobre la temática. Los resultados del estudio indican algunos avances en relación a la renuncia de ingresos en el Brasil: 1 la LRF representa el primer avance al imponer restricciones a la concesión de ese beneficio; 2 la Secretaría del Tesoro Nacional creó la metodología de deducción de ingresos, promoviendo, con eso, una mayor evidenciación de esos valores; 3 los Tribunales de Cuentas fiscalizan la obediencia de los límites establecidos para renuncia de ingresos.
Implications of rural tourism and agritourism in sustainable rural development

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Flavia-Lorena Cut-Lupulescu

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Romania shows: a variety of historical cultural values - folk art, ethnography, folklore, traditions, historical artifacts - a natural harmoniously combined with a varied and picturesque landscape background. All these are facets of Romanian rural tourism in particular. Occurred and developed by the various forms of relief since the time of the Thracian-Dacian, Romanian rural settlements kept and still keeps in good measure ancient customs and traditions, a rich and varied folklore, ethnography and folk original elements that can be travel exploited in a strategy for the organization and development of rural tourism. Rural tourism in our country always practical, but spontaneous, sporadic, random, and mostly unorganized form of manifestation is the beginning of the '20s and '30s, the casual visitor accommodation citizens of rural settlements.
Efecto de diferentes presentaciones comerciales de plátano Hartón sobre la relación costo-beneficio de los productores de la Cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo

OpenAIRE

Juan Carlos Nava; Alfredo Ávila; Dayerlin Bueno; José Contrera

2014-01-01

El objeto de este trabajo consistió en evaluar el efecto de las diferentes presentaciones comerciales del fruto de plátano Hartón (Musa AAB) en racimos, en bolsas: presentaciones de 10 unidades y desgranado en cestas de 22 Kg sobre la relación costo-beneficio de los productores de la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada con un diseño experimental de campo, de bloques completos, al azar generalizado, La unidad experimental fue la pesada, compuesta por racimos de ...
Programa de producción más limpia para el mejoramiento de la planta de beneficio de ganado en Paipa, Boyacá

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Andrés M. Barrera-S.

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Paipa es un municipio turístico que recibe miles de visitantes por año, por lo cual las autoridades municipales deben garantizar la calidad y sanidad de los productos cárnicos distribuidos; además, la ley así lo exige. De acuerdo con esto, se decidió realizar un programa de mejoramiento para esta planta de beneficio, con el diagnostico e implementación de tecnologías, por medio del sistema de producción más limpia. En este sentido se empleo el sistema HACCP, por medio de la aplicación de encuestas a trabajadores y directivos; además, se realizó una observación completa para compararla con los resultados de las encuestas, teniendo en cuenta que la planta de beneficio de Paipa no contaba con un adecuado sistema de procesamiento, lo cual afecta la calidad del producto ofrecido a los habitantes. Luego del diagnóstico se lograron realizar mejoras de tipo ambiental y de procedimientos, basadas en normas de bioseguridad y buenas prácticas de manejo, influyendo de forma notable en la obtención de una carne más saludable e inocua. En un tiempo de 15 días después de abierta la planta, bajo la nueva propuesta de funcionamiento, se habían sacrificado 154 animales, bajo una estricta normativa de seguridad ambiental, superando a la planta de Sogamoso, la cual presentaba un promedio de sacrificio de 180 animales por mes.
Rural women caregivers in Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Crosato, Kay E; Leipert, Beverly

2006-01-01

Informal caregiving within rural contexts in Canada is increasing. This is due in part to a number of factors related to the restructuring of the Canadian health care system, the regionalization of services to urban locations, the increased population of people 65 years and older, and the desire of this population to age within their rural homes. Most often, the informal caregiving role is assumed by rural women. Women tend to fall into the role of informal caregiver to elders because of the many societal and gender expectations and values that are present within the rural culture. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the context in which women provide care for an elder in rural Canada. Illustrating these issues will help to uncover challenges and barriers rural women face when providing care and highlight recommendations and implications for rural women caregivers and nurses employed within rural settings. Many rural women share similar caregiving experiences as urban informal caregivers, but rural women are faced with additional challenges in providing quality care for an elder. Rural women caregivers are faced with such issues as limited access to adequate and appropriate healthcare services, culturally incongruent health care, geographical distance from regionalized centers and health services, transportation challenges, and social/geographical isolation. In addition to these issues, many rural women are faced with the multiple role demands that attend being a wife, mother, caregiver and employee. The pile up of these factors leaves rural women caregivers susceptible to additional stresses and burn out, with limited resources on which to depend. Through reviewing pertinent literature, appropriate implications and recommendations can be made that may assist rural women caregivers and rural nurses. Nurses working within rural communities are in ideal settings to work collaboratively in building supportive relationships with rural women in order to
RURAL TOURISM AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INCOME FOR RURAL PLACES

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Mariana IATAGAN

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Tourism is the most important economic branch, worldwide, owning 12% of all areas of activity and revenue of approximately 530 billion dollars per year. In the past 10 years we could see an increasing demand for rural tourism and ecotourism, many of the international travel agencies offering ecotourism packages. Our country is attractive from the perspective of international travel agencies, because of unpolluted nature, the authenticity of traditions, the Danube Delta, old forests and not least, because the Romanian hospitality.Rural tourism had been practiced for a long time in Romania but for the past 15-20 years, it was casual and without any form of organization. Tourism activities in rural areas are carried out when agricultural activities takeplace and contribute to the welfare of rural communities that practice it.The development of tourism activities requires attention to the quality of the environment by preserving and developing the quality in the areas that have entered the tourist circuit, controlling the activity quality for a rational use of tourism resources.Our country benefits from EU funding through several programs including SAPARD, taking one of the measures, Measure 3.4, which is called the development and diversification of economic activities that generate multiple activities and alternative incomes.A deciding role in the development of rural tourism is held by the general infrastructure, requiring subsidies from the budget for tourism attraction areas for sustaining, by public administrations, programs to support tourism in rural areas.Rural tourism contributes to the sustainable development of the Romanian rural environment by proper use of local resources, establishing youth in rural areas, reducing the number of unemployed, women's involvement in economic and social life of rural settlements, raising living standards, growth in household rural areas, increasing the industry's contribution to the formation of gross
Rural Airports

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Transportation — The Rural Airports database is the list of rural airports compiled annually by BTS for the Treasury Department/IRS. It is used by airlines to assist in establishing...
Rural Cultural Houses (A New Approach to Rural Youth Work in Iran).

Science.gov (United States)

Salmanzadeh, Cyrus

Based on field work in rural areas of Khuzestan Province in southwestern Iran in 1973-74, an examination of the nature of rural cultural houses in Iran was undertaken. Set up by royal decree in 1968, the rural cultural houses have had as their objective to assist peasantry in general and rural youth in particular to achieve a socially enriched…
Rural nurse job satisfaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Molinari, D L; Monserud, M A

2008-01-01

The lack of rural nursing studies makes it impossible to know whether rural and urban nurses perceive personal and organizational factors of job satisfaction similarly. Few reports of rural nurse job satisfaction are available. Since the unprecedented shortage of qualified rural nurses requires a greater understanding of what factors are important to retention, studies are needed. An analysis of the literature indicates job satisfaction is studied as both an independent and dependent variable. In this study, the concept is used to examine the intention to remain employed by measuring individual and organizational characteristics; thus, job satisfaction is used as a dependent variable. One hundred and three rural hospital nurses, from hospitals throughout the Northwest region of the United States were recruited for the study. Only nurses employed for more than one year were accepted. The sample completed surveys online. The McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale, the Gerber Control Over Practice Scale, and two open-ended job satisfaction questions were completed. The qualitative analysis of the open-ended questions identified themes which were then used to support the quantitative findings. Overall alphas were 0.89 for the McCloskey/Mueller Scale and 0.96 for the Gerber Control Over Practice Scale. Rural nurses indicate a preference for rural lifestyles and the incorporation of rural values in organizational practices. Nurses preferred the generalist role with its job variability, and patient variety. Most participants intended to remain employed. The majority of nurses planning to leave employment were unmarried, without children at home, and stated no preference for a rural lifestyle. The least overall satisfied nurses in the sample were employed from 1 to 3 years. Several new findings inform the literature while others support previous workforce studies. Data suggest some job satisfaction elements can be altered by addressing organizational characteristics and by
Surgical specialty procedures in rural surgery practices: implications for rural surgery training.

Science.gov (United States)

Sticca, Robert P; Mullin, Brady C; Harris, Joel D; Hosford, Clint C

2012-12-01

Specialty procedures constitute one eighth of rural surgery practice. Currently, general surgeons intending to practice in rural hospitals may not get adequate training for specialty procedures, which they will be expected to perform. Better definition of these procedures will help guide rural surgery training. Current Procedural Terminology codes for all surgical procedures for 81% of North Dakota and South Dakota rural surgeons were entered into the Dakota Database for Rural Surgery. Specialty procedures were analyzed and compared with the Surgical Council on Resident Education curriculum to determine whether general surgery training is adequate preparation for rural surgery practice. The Dakota Database for Rural Surgery included 46,052 procedures, of which 5,666 (12.3%) were specialty procedures. Highest volume specialty categories included vascular, obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, cardiothoracic, urology, and otolaryngology. Common procedures in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery are taught in general surgical residency, while common procedures in obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, urology, and otolaryngology are usually not taught in general surgery training. Optimal training for rural surgery practice should include experience in specialty procedures in obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, urology, and otolaryngology. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Coroners' records of rural and non-rural cases of youth suicide in New South Wales.

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Dudley, M; Kelk, N; Florio, T; Waters, B; Howard, J; Taylor, D

1998-04-01

The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of certain putative risk factors for youth suicide in New South Wales (especially use of alcohol, social class, unemployment, and internal migration) in metropolitan and rural settings. A review of 137 files for 10-19-year-old subjects judged by the Coroner to have committed suicide in 1988-1990 was carried out. One hundred and fifteen males and 21 females were identified (one subjects sex was unavailable). The male-female ratio was higher in rural (13.0) areas than non-rural (4.9 chi 2 = 12.14, p Australia, most migrated in a rural direction, and most to rural shires. Unemployment was somewhat more common among rural (38.5%) than non-rural (28.9%) subjects (chi 2 = 0.75, p = 0.39). Eleven of 50 non-rural parents of the deceased, but none of the 11 rural parents, were ranked as being in social classes 2 or 3. Alcohol consumption appeared more common in rural shires (44%) than metropolitan areas (32.9%), but this was not statistically significant. Medical services were less utilised prior to death in rural (15%) than non-rural (25%) areas (chi 2 = 1.69, p = 0.19), and a psychiatric diagnosis was recorded more commonly in non-rural areas. Incomplete coronial file data and relatively small numbers limit this study's conclusions. Male suicides, principally by firearms, predominated in rural areas. Youth firearm access remains highly relevant to rural communities. Possible trends among rural subjects toward rural migration, higher unemployment, lower social class and lower medical attendance may point to resource deprivation among this group; these matters require further investigation.
Youth retention in rural areas, a prerequisite for sustainable rural entrepreneurship and employment

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Ali Ghasemi Ardahaee

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Entrepreneurship and sustainable rural employment are the main concerns of rural planners. One of the most basic requirements for this is that young people remain in the rural areas. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to identify individual and structural factors that are effective in keeping young people in rural areas. Statistical results of the bivariate and multilevel modeling (HLM shows that rural youth are not willing to stay in rural regions. One may cite the following individual factors contributing to this lack of interest in staying in rural areas: age, marital status, education, communication with relatives in the city, as well as employment status and job skills. People with higher human capital who have technical skills and building related non-agricultural skills are not interested in staying in rural areas. Moreover, the increased population in the villages and lack of social welfare facilities in village are highly effective in reducing the tendency of young people to stay in the villages.
Oral Health in Rural Communities

Science.gov (United States)

... people with partial edentulism when compared to urban (Urban, 38.4%, High Poverty Rural 51.3%, Other Rural, 45%). Counties with high rates of full edentulism are also rural (Urban, 4.3%, High-Poverty Rural 10.5%, Other Rural, 8.2%). ( Mitchell, ...
Previdência social rural e gênero Rural Social Welfare and gender

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Anita Brumer

2002-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta uma análise das principais transformações da previdência social rural no Brasil, que culminaram com a inclusão das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais como beneficiárias (direito à aposentadoria por idade e salário-maternidade na legislação aprovada pelo Congresso Nacional em 1988. Paralelamente, faz-se um exame do papel do Estado e da sociedade civil na evolução da legislação relativa à previdência social rural, procurando-se evidenciar seu caráter de "doação" por parte do Estado ou da "conquista" polos próprios trabalhadores(as. Finalmente, são examinados alguns impactos da implantação da previdência social rural no Sul do Brasil, ressaltando-se seu papel na diminuição da pobreza rural e da desigualdade na distribuição da renda, assim como sua importância material e simbólica na mudança de relações de gênero no meio rural.The work analyzes the main transformations in the rural Social Welfare in Brazil. The outcome of these transformations has been the inclusion of rural hard-working women in the welfare system as of the legislation approved by the National Congress in 1988. Rural-work women in Brazil have become entitled to the benefits of paid maternity leave and retirement accordant to a legal age limit. Concurrently, the article examines the role played by the State and the civil society in the unfolding of the legislation related to rural Social Welfare, in an attempt of exposing its character of either a "donation" given by the State or the workers' own "conquest". Finally, the author queries the impact of rural Social Welfare implementation in the South of Brazil, emphasizing its achievements in the decrease of rural poverty and unequal income distribution, as well as its material and symbolic importance in the gender relationship shift in rural areas.
Consecuencias de la biología sintética en los derechos de propiedad intelectual y acceso a los recursos genéticos y distribución de los beneficios

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Carlos Augusto Conde

2012-11-01

Full Text Available La biología sintética es una nueva tecnología, la cual representa un cambio en la explotación de recursos genéticos y corresponde a la transición de la producción natural de recursos genéticos a la producción sintética de estos en laboratorios. Como consecuencia de dicha transición, la biología sintética potencialmente podría erradicar el interés en los recursos genéticos ubicados en países en desarrollo, lo que podría llevar a las compañías farmacéuticas y biotecnológicas a no reconocer ninguna participación en los beneficios, como establece el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB. El carácter disruptivo que la biología sintética podría tener es aún mayor si los derechos de propiedad intelectual (DPI, y en especial las patentes, conlleven barreras para acceder a invenciones creadas a partir de la biología sintética. Este artículo explora el impacto que la biología sintética podría llegar a tener en la regulación sobre el acceso a los recursos genéticos y la distribución de beneficios bajo el CDB y los DPI.
Valoración de desinfectantes mediante el método dilución-neutralización en cepas de Salmonella spp. aisladas en plantas de beneficio porcino

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Andrea Paola Rodríguez Triviño

2011-06-01

Full Text Available La salmonelosis es una enfermedad muy importante, causante de problemas de salud pública ya que produce fiebres entéricas, gastroenteritis, bacteriemia, infecciones localizadas y estado de portador crónico, además se han informado como fuentes de contaminación los huevos, las carnes y la leche, tres de los alimentos más importantes consumidos por las personas. Por tal razón es importante determinar en la industria de los alimentos la susceptibilidad de Salmonella spp. a los desinfectantes, con el fin de contribuir a elaborar programas de prevención y control de este microorganismo, haciéndose necesaria la evaluación de su acción en cepas de Salmonella spp., en especial sobre aquellas transmitidas por los alimentos, además se debe medir la eficacia de los tipos de desinfectantes mediante el ensayo cuantitativo de suspensión para la evaluación de la actividad bactericida, en especial cuando a futuro se tenga como objetivo, evaluar el uso de desinfectantes en cepas de Salmonella spp. aisladas de plantas de beneficio porcino. Así que una vez se seleccionen las plantas de beneficio porcino objeto de la medición, en éstas se debe aislar una cantidad representativa de cepas de Salmonella spp., para someterlas a los diversos tipos de desinfectantes. El objetivo de la presente revisión es comparar la eficacia de tipos de desinfectantes que cuentan con un principio activo de amonio cuaternario y ácido peracético. Esperando que en futuros ensayos, por el método a nivel in vitro se puede comprobar la eficacia de los mismos.
Valoración de desinfectantes mediante el método dilución-neutralización en cepas de Salmonella spp. aisladas en plantas de beneficio porcino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jairo Humberto López Vargas

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La salmonelosis es una enfermedad muy importante, causante de problemas de salud pública ya que produce fiebres entéricas, gastroenteritis, bacteriemia, infecciones localizadas y estado de portador crónico, además se han informado como fuentes de contaminación los huevos, las carnes y la leche, tres de los alimentos más importantes consumidos por las personas. Por tal razón es importante determinar en la industria de los alimentos la susceptibilidad de Salmonella spp. a los desinfectantes, con el fin de contribuir a elaborar programas de prevención y control de este microorganismo, haciéndose necesaria la evaluación de su acción en cepas de Salmonella spp., en especial sobre aquellas transmitidas por los alimentos, además se debe medir la eficacia de los tipos de desinfectantes mediante el ensayo cuantitativo de suspensión para la evaluación de la actividad bactericida, en especial cuando a futuro se tenga como objetivo, evaluar el uso de desinfectantes en cepas de Salmonella spp. aisladas de plantas de beneficio porcino. Así que una vez se seleccionen las plantas de beneficio porcino objeto de la medición, en éstas se debe aislar una cantidad representativa de cepas de Salmonella spp., para someterlas a los diversos tipos de desinfectantes. El objetivo de la presente revisión es comparar la eficacia de tipos de desinfectantes que cuentan con un principio activo de amonio cuaternario y ácido peracético. Esperando que en futuros ensayos, por el método a nivel in vitro se puede comprobar la eficacia de los mismos.

Accessibility of public libraries by rural dwellers in rural areas of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In conclusion, public libraries are essential to rural dwellers; therefore it is recommended that all types of information be made available to public libraries. Sensitization programmes should be encouraged. This will in turn bring about positive impact on the rural dwellers. Key words: Accessibility, Public, Library, rural, ...
Problemática y beneficios de las actividades acuáticas en la escuela. (Problematic and benefits of aquatic activities by school.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Apolonia Albarracín Pérez

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen El principal objetivo del estudio ha consistido en comprobar la valoración de las actividades acuáticas por parte del profesorado de educación física en Educación Secundaria, para lo que se ha creado y validado el Cuestionario de Actividades Acuáticas en Educación Física (CAAEF. También se han comprobado los efectos principales y de interacción que han producido el género, la titulación, la situación laboral, la experiencia docente, el tipo de cursos realizados, quién impartió las clases de actividades acuáticas y la opinión de aspectos generales de educación física sobre la inclusión de las actividades acuáticas en el ámbito escolar. Los participantes fueron 176 profesores de ESO de la Región de Murcia. Para comprobar la validez del CAAEF se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio obteniendo dos factores denominados “beneficios de la inclusión” y “problemática del profesorado”, con coeficientes de fiabilidad aceptables, y con una varianza total explicada del 35.98%. Tras los respectivos análisis de varianza se comprobó que las mujeres consideraban más importante los beneficios que acarreaban el incluir dichas actividades en el currículum que los problemas de las mismas. Mientras, la problemática que éstas presentan ha sido más tenida en cuenta por aquellos docentes que tuvieron que impartir las clases con un técnico acuático al ser incluidas en el currículo escolar. El poseer la titulación de Licenciado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte no implicaba un mayor reconocimiento de los beneficios ni una reducción en la aparición de problemas al considerar estas actividades. Los resultados son discutidos en referencia a otras investigaciones y amplia bibliografía.AbstractThe main objective of the study was to verify the assessment of the aquatic activities in reference to the physical education professors in secondary education for those that participated in the Aquatic
Changes in Veterinary Students' Attitudes Toward the Rural Environment and Rural Veterinary Practice: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hashizume, Cary T; Woloschuk, Wayne; Hecker, Kent G

2015-01-01

There is a paucity of research regarding veterinary students' attitudes toward the rural environment and rural veterinary practice and how these attitudes might change over the course of a veterinary medicine program that includes rural clinical experience. Using a 23-item questionnaire, attitudes toward rural lifestyle, rural work-life balance, opportunities for career and skill development in rural veterinary practice, and inter-professional teamwork in the rural environment were assessed at the beginning and completion of a four-year veterinary medicine program. Eighty-six students (74.4% female) were included in this Canadian study over a six-year period. Thirty-one participants (36.1%) were rural students. Overall, students' attitudes toward the rural lifestyle, rural work-life balance, and inter-professional teamwork in rural veterinary practice all significantly decreased (pstudents, rural students had significantly higher rural lifestyle scores at both the beginning (pworking in a rural environment could influence students to exclude rural veterinary practice as a career choice. Rural clinical experiences designed to sustain or increase veterinary student interest in rural practice may not be sufficient to support positive rural attitudes. Given the demand for rural veterinary services in developed countries, the implications of this study may extend beyond Canada.
Reaching Rural Handicapped Children: The Transportation Situation in Rural Service Delivery. Making It Work in Rural Communities. A Rural Network Monograph.

Science.gov (United States)

Tucker, Jamie; And Others

Almost everyone who responded to three transportation surveys of rural Handicapped Children's Early Education Program (HCEEP) projects identified transportation as a critical problem in the delivery of services to handicapped children in rural areas. Transportation problems encountered were attributed to environmental/geographic factors,…
What do beginning students, in a rurally focused medical course, think about rural practice?

Science.gov (United States)

Young, Louise; Lindsay, Daniel B; Ray, Robin A

2016-12-07

Medical schools may select students for their attitudes towards rural medical practice, yet the rural-urban disparity in availability of medical practitioners and services has not diminished in recent times despite government initiatives and increasing numbers being trained for a career in medicine. One medical school, with a focus on rural and remote medicine, aims to select students with positive perceptions for rural medical practice. A research project collected data on the perceptions of these medical students in the first week of their medical studies. Students completed a low stakes essay on the life and work of a rural doctor. Initially, this formed part of a literacy assessment to determine any students requiring remediation. All students were asked if they would consent to their essay being reviewed for a research project. Data was obtained from those students who consented and handed their essays in for review. The 103 student essays underwent thematic analysis and sentences were coded into three main themes of rural lifestyle, doctor role and rural practice. Second level themes were further elicited and results were quantified according to whether they were positive or negative. Positive themes included rural lifestyle, doctor role, views of doctor, impact on community, broader work and skills knowledge, and better relationships with community and patients. Negative themes included doctor's health, pressure on doctor, family problems, greater workload, privacy and confidentiality issues, cultural issues, isolation, limited resources and financial impacts. Quantitisation of this data was used to transform essay sentences into a numerical form which allowed statistical analysis and comparison of perceptions using Z tests. No significant differences on the number of positive and negative responses for rural lifestyle and rural practice were found. The rural doctor role had a significantly more positive than negative views. Significant differences were
What Is Rural? Revised

Science.gov (United States)

US Department of Agriculture, 2016

2016-01-01

Many people have definitions for the term rural, but seldom are these rural definitions in agreement. For some, rural is a subjective state of mind. For others, rural is an objective quantitative measure. In this brief report the United States Department of Agriculture presents the following information along with helpful links for the reader: (1)…
Rural and Urban Youth Programs.

Science.gov (United States)

Backman, Kenneth; And Others

This publication provides a variety of information on prevention and intervention programs for rural and urban children and adolescents. Drawing from a rural sociological perspective, the introductory paper defines "rural," discusses rural-urban economic and social differences, and lists indicators of risk for rural youth. It discusses the extent…
Duration and setting of rural immersion during the medical degree relates to rural work outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Sullivan, Belinda; McGrail, Matthew; Russell, Deborah; Walker, Judi; Chambers, Helen; Major, Laura; Langham, Robyn

2018-04-19

Providing year-long rural immersion as part of the medical degree is commonly used to increase the number of doctors with an interest in rural practice. However, the optimal duration and setting of immersion has not been fully established. This paper explores associations between various durations and settings of rural immersion during the medical degree and whether doctors work in rural areas after graduation. Eligible participants were medical graduates of Monash University between 2008 and 2016 in postgraduate years 1-9, whose characteristics, rural immersion information and work location had been prospectively collected. Separate multiple logistic regression and multinomial logit regression models tested associations between the duration and setting of any rural immersion they did during the medical degree and (i) working in a rural area and (ii) working in large or smaller rural towns, in 2017. The adjusted odds of working in a rural area were significantly increased if students were immersed for one full year (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.79), for between 1 and 2 years (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.54-3.32) and for 2 or more years (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 3.03-6.47) relative to no rural immersion. The strongest association was for immersion in a mix of both regional hospitals and rural general practice (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.31-4.61), followed by immersion in regional hospitals only (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.39-2.70) and rural general practice only (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.06-3.45). More than 1 year's immersion in a mix of regional hospitals and rural general practices was associated with working in smaller regional or rural towns (immersion programmes. Longer rural immersion and immersion in both regional hospitals and rural general practices are likely to increase rural work and rural distribution of early career doctors. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and The Association for the Study of Medical Education.
Rural Policy and the New Regional Economics: Implications for Rural America.

Science.gov (United States)

Quigley, John M.

This paper discusses gross economic and demographic trends in rural and urban America during the past 30 years, the kinds of competitive advantages enjoyed by urban and rural regions, and insights offered by the new regional economics concerning exploitation of those advantages. The importance of agriculture has declined in rural areas, while that…
Lay discourses of the rural and stated and revealed preferences for rural living; some evidence of the existence of a rural idyll in the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dam, van F.; Heins, S.; Elbersen, B.S.

2002-01-01

Dutch rural areas have changed into a post-modern countryside and have become marketable commodities. The demand for rural space and rural amenities has increased, with concomitant tensions on the rural housing market, tensions which are enhanced by the restrictive spatial policy in Dutch rural
Rural roadway safety perceptions among rural teen drivers living in and outside of towns.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramirez, Marizen; Roth, Lisa; Young, Tracy; Peek-Asa, Corinne

2013-01-01

To compare perceptions about rural road and general driving behaviors between teens who live in- and out-of-town from rural communities in Iowa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 160 teens anticipating their Intermediate License within 3 months upon enrollment into this study. Self-administered surveys were used to collect demographics and driving exposures (eg, frequency of driving, age when first drove unsupervised). Two Likert scales were included to measure agreement with safe driving behaviors on rural roads and general safe driving behaviors (eg, speeding, seat belt use). T-tests were calculated comparing mean composite scores between in- and out-of-town teens, and between mean rural road and general driving safety attitude scores. A linear regression multivariable model was constructed to identify predictors of the rural road score. While the majority of teens endorsed rural road and general safe driving behaviors, up to 40% did not. Thirty-two percent did not believe the dangers of animals on rural roads, and 40% disagreed that exceeding the speed limit is dangerous. In-town teens were less safety conscious about rural road hazards with a significantly lower mean composite score (4.4) than out-of-town teens (4.6); mean scores for general driving behaviors were similar. Living out-of-town and owning one's own car were significant predictors of increased rural road safety scores. Rural, in-town teens have poorer safety attitudes about rural roadway hazards compared with out-of-town teens. Interventions that involve education, parental supervision, and practice on rural roads are critical for preventing teen crashes on rural roads. No claim to original US government works.
Financial Performance of Rural Medicare ACOs.

Science.gov (United States)

Nattinger, Matthew C; Mueller, Keith; Ullrich, Fred; Zhu, Xi

2018-12-01

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has facilitated the development of Medicare accountable care organizations (ACOs), mostly through the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP). To inform the operation of the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation's (CMMI) ACO programs, we assess the financial performance of rural ACOs based on different levels of rural presence. We used the 2014 performance data for Medicare ACOs to examine the financial performance of rural ACOs with different levels of rural presence: exclusively rural, mostly rural, and mixed rural/metropolitan. Of the ACOs reporting performance data, we identified 97 ACOs with a measurable rural presence. We found that successful rural ACO financial performance is associated with the ACO's organizational type (eg, physician-based) and that 8 of the 11 rural ACOs participating in the Advanced Payment Program (APP) garnered savings for Medicare. Unlike previous work, we did not find an association between ACO size or experience and rural ACO financial performance. Our findings suggest that rural ACO financial success is likely associated with factors unique to rural environments. Given the emphasis CMS has placed on rural ACO development, further research to identify these factors is warranted. © 2016 National Rural Health Association.
Medicaid and Rural Health

Science.gov (United States)

... State Guides Rural Data Visualizations Rural Data Explorer Chart Gallery Maps Case Studies & Conversations Rural Health Models & ... services provided by state Medicaid programs might include dental care, physical therapy, home and community-based services, ...
Rural Education as Rural Development: Understanding the Rural School-Community Well-Being Linkage in a 21st-Century Policy Context

Science.gov (United States)

Schafft, Kai A.

2016-01-01

Despite the significant proportions of rural Americans, schools, and public school students situated in the geographic peripheries of an increasingly urbanizing country, rural education in the United States has consistently occupied both scholarly and policy peripheries. This is to the detriment of rural America, especially to the extent that…
A qualitative study of medical students in a rural track: views on eventual rural practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Roseamelia, Carrie; Greenwald, James L; Bush, Tiffany; Pratte, Morgan; Wilcox, Jessica; Morley, Christopher P

2014-04-01

Rural tracks (RTs) exist within medical schools across the United States. These programs often target those students from rural areas and those with primary care career interests, given that these factors are robust predictors of eventual rural practice. However, only 26% to 64% of graduates from RTs enter eventual rural practice. We conducted a qualitative, exploratory study of medical students enrolled in one school's RT, examining their interests in rural training, specialization, and eventual rural practice, via open coding of transcripts from focus groups and in-depth individual interviews, leading to identification of emerging themes. A total of 16 out of 54 eligible first- and second-year preclinical medical students participated in focus group sessions, and a total of seven out of 17 eligible third- and fourth-year medical students participated in individual interviews. Analyses revealed the recognition of a "Rural Identity," typical characteristics, and the importance of "Program Fit" and "Intentions for Practice" that trended toward family medicine specialization and rural practice. However, nuances within the comments reveal incomplete commitment to rural practice. In many cases, student preference for rural practice was driven largely by a disinterest in urban practice. Students with rural and primary care practice interests are often not perfectly committed to rural practice. However, RTs may provide a haven for such students within medical school.
Ruralization of students' horizons: insights into Australian health professional students' rural and remote placements.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Tony; Cross, Merylin; Waller, Susan; Chambers, Helen; Farthing, Annie; Barraclough, Frances; Pit, Sabrina W; Sutton, Keith; Muyambi, Kuda; King, Stephanie; Anderson, Jessie

2018-01-01

Health workforce shortages have driven the Australian and other Western governments to invest in engaging more health professional students in rural and remote placements. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide an understanding of the lived experiences of students undertaking placements in various nonmetropolitan locations across Australia. In addition to providing their suggestions to improve rural placements, the study provides insight into factors contributing to positive and negative experiences that influence students' future rural practice intentions. Responses to open-ended survey questions from 3,204 students from multiple health professions and universities were analyzed using two independent methods applied concurrently: manual thematic analysis and computerized content analysis using Leximancer software. The core concept identified from the thematic analysis was "ruralization of students' horizons," a construct representing the importance of preparing health professional students for practice in nonmetropolitan locations. Ruralization embodies three interrelated themes, "preparation and support," "rural or remote health experience," and "rural lifestyle and socialization," each of which includes multiple subthemes. From the content analysis, factors that promoted students' rural practice intentions were having a "positive" practice experience, interactions with "supportive staff," and interactions with the "community" in general. It was apparent that "difficulties," eg, with "accommodation," "Internet" access, "transport," and "financial" support, negatively impacted students' placement experience and rural practice intentions. The study findings have policy and practice implications for continuing to support students undertaking regional, rural, and remote placements and preparing them for future practice in nonmetropolitan locations. This study may, therefore, further inform ongoing strategies for improving rural placement experiences and
Is There A Rural-Urban Technology Gap? Results of the ERS Rural Manufacturing Survey

OpenAIRE

Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.

1997-01-01

Advanced technology use is less prevalent in rural than in urban manufacturing plants, but plants of comparable size in the same industry use about the same level of technology, regardless of urban/rural location. The rural gap comes about because the mix of rural industries is more heavily weighted with "low-technology" industries. Both rural and urban businesses rate inadequate worker skills as the most important barrier to use of new production technologies and management practices, while ...
Urban-rural migration and cultural transformation of rural areas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard, Helle

Rural areas are presently challenged by various restructuring processes; functionally and economically with changes in employment structure etc. as well as social and cultural transformations due to demographic change, population loss but also due to in-migration. This paper addresses how rural...
Some Enlightenments of "Beautiful Rural Construction" on Rural Energy Policy in Beijing—Applying Informatization Means

Science.gov (United States)

Zhi, Wang; Kongan, Wu

2018-06-01

"Beautiful rural construction" is a systematic project, rural energy is one of the important contents of its construction. In accordance with the concept of eco-friendly construction, Beijing carried out a thorough "structural adjustment of rural energy optimization," "Earthquake energy-saving projects of rural housing" and other measures. By conventional heating technology research in Beijing 13 counties and 142 villages, we predict the future of rural energy will further the implementation of solar heating, electric heating and other new green energy technologies. It is suggested to establish the "Beijing Rural Information Service Platform" and "Beautiful Rural Information Resource Bank" through the means of informatization, which will greatly strengthen the regulation and control of rural people-land relationship and realize the systematic optimization, making the cities and villages have. Space for human survival and sustainable development.
Australia's rural medical workforce: Supply from its medical schools against career stage, gender and rural-origin.

Science.gov (United States)

McGrail, Matthew R; Russell, Deborah J

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to explore the association between career stage and rural medical workforce supply among Australian-trained medical graduates. Descriptive analysis using the national Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) longitudinal study. Australian-trained GPs and other specialists who participated in the MABEL study, 2008-2013. Proportions of GPs and specialists working in rural locations, according to career stage (establishing, early, mid and late), gender and childhood-origin type (rural versus metropolitan). Logistic regression models revealed that establishing- and early-career GPs had significantly higher likelihood (OR 1.67 and 1.38, respectively) of working rurally, but establishing and early-career doctors were significantly less likely (OR 0.34 and 0.43, respectively) to choose general practice, contributing proportionally fewer rural GPs overall (OR 0.77 and 0.75, respectively) compared to late-career doctors. For specialists, there were no significant associations between career cohorts and rural practice. Overall, there was a significantly lower likelihood (OR 0.83) of establishing-career doctors practising rurally. Women were similarly likely to be rural GPs but less likely to be rural specialists, while rural-origin was consistently associated with higher odds of rural practice. The supply of Australia's rural medical workforce from its medical schools continues to be challenging, with these data highlighting both their source and associations with doctors at different career stages. Despite large investments through rural medical training and rural workforce recruitment and retention policies, these data confirm continued reliance on internationally trained medical graduates for large proportions of rural supply is likely. © 2016 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.

Culture and rural health.

Science.gov (United States)

Farmer, Jane; Bourke, Lisa; Taylor, Judy; Marley, Julia V; Reid, John; Bracksley, Stacey; Johnson, Nicole

2012-10-01

This paper considers the role of culture in rural health, suggesting that the concept and its impacts are insufficiently understood and studied. It reviews some of the ways that culture has been considered in (rural) health, and states that culture is either used ambiguously and broadly - for example, suggesting that there is a rural culture, or narrowly - indeed perhaps interchangeably with ethnicity, for example Aboriginal culture as a unity. The paper notes that, although culture is a dynamic social concept, it has been adopted into a biomedical research paradigm as though it is fixed. Culture is often treated as though it is something that can be addressed simplistically, for example, through cultural sensitivity education. Authors suggest that culture is an unaddressed 'elephant in the room' in rural health, and that exploring cultural differences and beliefs and facing up to cultural differences are vital in understanding and addressing rural health and health system challenges. © 2012 The Authors. Australian Journal of Rural Health © National Rural Health Alliance Inc.
Percepción de los Beneficios de la Tenencia de Animales de Compañía para las Personas de la Mediana Edad con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

OpenAIRE

Hugues H., Beatriz; Álvarez Á., Aimee M.; Castelo E., Lizet; Ledón L., Loraine; Mendoza T., Madelín; Domínguez A., Emma

2016-01-01

Se efectuó un estudio con el objetivo de explorar la percepción de personas de la mediana edad con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) respecto a la tenencia de animales de compañía y su relación con la satisfacción personal, beneficios sobre la salud psicoemocional, el control metabólico y la motivación para la realización de actividades físicas. El estudio fue de tipo transversal, descriptivo, con 85 personas de 40 a 59 años de edad con DM2 y residentes en La Habana, Cuba. Se confeccionó un cues...
Rural entrepreneurship: Between place and space

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsgaard, Steffen; Müller, Sabine; Tanvig, Hanne Wittorff

for a better use of rural resource-bases as well as for sustainable economic development. On the basis of an exploration of the spatial dynamics of rural entrepreneurship we develop propositions concerning rural entrepreneurship as a distinct form of entrepreneurial activity, emphasising bricolage, mixed......This paper proposes a distinction between rural entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship in the rural. While the latter is incidentally located in a rural area, the former engages with the localised resources of the rural area. We argue that rural entrepreneurship in this form holds promise...
Ruralization of students’ horizons: insights into Australian health professional students’ rural and remote placements

Science.gov (United States)

Cross, Merylin; Waller, Susan; Chambers, Helen; Farthing, Annie; Barraclough, Frances; Pit, Sabrina W; Sutton, Keith; Muyambi, Kuda; King, Stephanie; Anderson, Jessie

2018-01-01

Introduction Health workforce shortages have driven the Australian and other Western governments to invest in engaging more health professional students in rural and remote placements. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide an understanding of the lived experiences of students undertaking placements in various nonmetropolitan locations across Australia. In addition to providing their suggestions to improve rural placements, the study provides insight into factors contributing to positive and negative experiences that influence students’ future rural practice intentions. Methods Responses to open-ended survey questions from 3,204 students from multiple health professions and universities were analyzed using two independent methods applied concurrently: manual thematic analysis and computerized content analysis using Leximancer software. Results The core concept identified from the thematic analysis was “ruralization of students’ horizons,” a construct representing the importance of preparing health professional students for practice in nonmetropolitan locations. Ruralization embodies three interrelated themes, “preparation and support,” “rural or remote health experience,” and “rural lifestyle and socialization,” each of which includes multiple subthemes. From the content analysis, factors that promoted students’ rural practice intentions were having a “positive” practice experience, interactions with “supportive staff,” and interactions with the “community” in general. It was apparent that “difficulties,” eg, with “accommodation,” “Internet” access, “transport,” and “financial” support, negatively impacted students’ placement experience and rural practice intentions. Conclusions The study findings have policy and practice implications for continuing to support students undertaking regional, rural, and remote placements and preparing them for future practice in nonmetropolitan locations. This study
Rural-Urban Differences in Late-Stage Breast Cancer: Do Associations Differ by Rural-Urban Classification System?

Science.gov (United States)

Pruitt, Sandi L; Eberth, Jan M; Morris, E Scott; Grinsfelder, David B; Cuate, Erica L

2016-01-01

Introduction Rural residence is associated with later stage of breast cancer diagnosis in some but not all prior studies. The lack of a standardized definition of rural residence may contribute to these mixed findings. We characterize and compare multiple definitions of rural vs. non-rural residence to provide guidance regarding choice of measures and to further elucidate rural disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Methods We used Texas Cancer Registry data of 120,738 female breast cancer patients ≥50 years old diagnosed between 1995–2009. We defined rural vs. non-rural residence using 7 different measures and examined their agreement using Kappa statistics. Measures were defined at various geographic levels: county, ZIP code, census tract, and census block group. Late-stage was defined as regional or distant disease. For each measure, we tested the association of rural residence and late-stage cancer with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression. Covariates included: age; patient race/ethnicity; diagnosis year; census block group-level mammography capacity; and census tract-level percent poverty, percent Hispanic, and percent Black. Results We found moderate to high levels of agreement between measures of rural vs. non-rural residence. For 72.9% of all patients, all 7 definitions agreed as to rural vs. non-rural residence. Overall, 6 of 7 definitions demonstrated an adverse association between rural residence and late-stage disease in unadjusted and adjusted models (Adjusted OR Range = 1.09–1.14). Discussion Our results document a clear rural disadvantage in late-stage breast cancer. We contribute to the heterogeneous literature by comparing varied measures of rural residence. We recommend use of the census tract-level Rural Urban Commuting Area Codes in future cancer outcomes research where small area data are available. PMID:27158685
La Hipótesis de la Utilización del Impuesto sobre Beneficios para Evitat Pérdidas y Descensos en Resultados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª Carmen Gonzalo Angulo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo, centrado en la gestión del resultado en empresas españolas cotizadas, comprobamos en primer lugar, la existencia de una discontinuidad en el punto cero en las funciones de densidad del resultado antes de impuesto y neto. En segundo lugar, investigamos el efecto que el reconocimiento del gasto por impuesto sobre beneficios genera en las distribuciones de los resultados. Beaver, McNichols y Nelson (2007 argumentan que la discontinuidad observada en los histogramas de frecuencias puede no ser producto de una gestión intencionada por parte de los administradores sino que puede deberse al efecto asimétrico que juegan dos partidas concretas: el impuesto sobre beneficios y las partidas especiales (por el diferente reconocimiento de los ingresos y gastos, motivado por el sesgo conservador del principio de prudencia. Los resultados encontrados en la muestra española sostienen la hipótesis de Beaver, McNichols y Nelson (2007 para el primer periodo estudiado 1996-2000 y respalda la idea de que la discontinuidad en los puntos clave de los valores del resultado puede ser explicado por la lógica inherente al propio modelo contable, y en especial por el principio de prudencia valorativa, que tiene prevalencia sobre los demás en España, para este periodo considerado. No obstante, esta hipótesis se relaja a partir del ejercicio 2001, coincidiendo con la aprobación de Ley 24/2001.In the first part of this paper, we examine whether there is a discontinuity at zero (i.e., a “kink” in the distribution of profits and increases of profits. Second, we investigated the effect that the recognition of tax expenses generates in the distribution of earnings. Beaver, McNichols and Nelson (2007 have defended that the observed discontinuity in earnings couldn’t be enough to confirm the manipulation of results by management. In contrast, they argue that the observed discontinuity in earnings could be due to the asymmetric effect from two
Development of Rural Communities by Diversification of Rural Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuela Dora Orboi

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The sustainable development is a process taking place at the same time with the complex and sustainable agricultural development; agriculture and the rural area being interdependent sides specific to rural communities. When analysing economic activity in the rural area we should pay a particular attention to the identification of such alternative activities that have a real chance for development and create new jobs that compensate the diminution of labour occupancy degree in agriculture. Opportunities of rural economy represent a source of having alternative income for the population from rural communities in order to escape from poverty and in order to accelerate the social progress in the rural area. Alternative activities with economic, social and cultural impact, providers of jobs and incomes are: the development of agro tourism and rural tourism, processing and promoting foodstuff, local traditional drinks, ecological foodstuff, handicraft and silviculture. Improving the conditions for business in the rural area is a main condition for the generation of economic activities generating jobs in the rural area.
Rural Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Opportunities

OpenAIRE

Imedashvili, Sopiko; Kekua, Ani; Ivchenko, Polina

2013-01-01

According to World Bank Report published in 2012, the rural population in Sweden is 15.3 %. Rural population is calculated as difference between total populations minus urban population. 15.3 % clearly shows how important rural areas are for Sweden’s future development. Entrepreneurship plays the integral role in rural area development. However, earlier research has shown only economic perspective of rural development. On the other hand, the new ways to discover the challenges and opportuniti...
Rural Pennsylvanians--A Troubled People.

Science.gov (United States)

Hillman, Arnold

This report presents the problems of rural Pennsylvania and proposes solutions to those problems. Because the news media does not systematically report on rural situations, the public lacks awareness concerning the problems in rural Pennsylvania. Rural problems include high unemployment rates, high welfare expenditures, out migration, low…
Development of Sustainable Rural Tourism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Kantar

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a sociological view of possibilities for the development of sustainable rural tourism in Koprivnica-Krizevci county, which is located in the north-western part of Croatia. The possibilities for developing rural tourism within the concept of sustainable development have been researched through qualitative empirical research interview method. Research subjects were the owners of tourist farms, decision makers, experts and other stakeholders in the tourism development. Rural tourism represents an alternative to maritime tourism and is relatively undeveloped but important in terms of development of rural areas and family farms. This paper enables an insight into an integrated sustainability of rural tourism which consists of four dimensions: biologicalecological, economic, socio-cultural and political sustainability. In conclusion, integral sustainability in rural tourism is not achieved in all dimensions. Therefore, rural tourism could be a strategy for sustainable development for rural areas and also could be a tool for product differentiation for area that are at stagnation stage.
Aprendiendo entre la naturaleza: Una revisión de los beneficios de los espacios verdes en el ambiente escolar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Bernardes

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Los problemas del aprendizaje encuentran interfaces en diversas áreas como lo es el espacio escolar. Este estudio investigó la literatura existente sobre el tema de los ambientes restauradores y la teoría de la restauración de la atención, en relación al ambiente escolar. No hay estudios sobre estas problemáticas en los ambientes escolares de América del Sur. El método empleado en este trabajo fue una revisión sistemática de la literatura, en el idioma inglés, para luego analizar los estudios aplicados y los resultados ya obtenidos. Los resultados presentan una gama de investigaciones que identifican los beneficios de los espacios verdes para la restauración de la atención de los estudiantes. Desde esta perspectiva, fue posible determinar la importancia de la exposición a ambientes naturales para favorecer el desempeño estudiantil de las futuras poblaciones académicas, así como también resaltar la importancia de desarrollar estudios en esta área, considerando los efectos positivos que generan las áreas verdes en el espacio escolar.
Agritourism Rural Development Public Administration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria MORTAN

2006-02-01

Full Text Available For Romania agritourism development represents the opportunity to differentiate between the rural and urban environment, as well as the best way for the preservation of traditions and customs in the rural areas, supplying a sustainable rural development. This work portrays agritourism as an element of rural development and critically analyzes the way in which the public administration should become involved in sustaining rural development in general and in sustaining agritourism development in particular.
Work of female rural doctors.

Science.gov (United States)

Wainer, Jo

2004-04-01

To identify the impact of family life on the ways women practice rural medicine and the changes needed to attract women to rural practice. Census of women rural doctors in Victoria in 2000, using a self-completed postal survey. General and specialist practice. Two hundred and seventy-one female general practitioners and 31 female specialists practising in Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area Classifications 3-7. General practitioners are those doctors with a primary medical degree and without additional specialist qualifications. Interaction of hours and type of work with family responsibilities. Generalist and specialist women rural doctors carry the main responsibility for family care. This is reflected in the number of hours they work in clinical and non-clinical professional practice, availability for on-call and hospital work, and preference for the responsibilities of practice partnership or the flexibility of salaried positions. Most of the doctors had established a satisfactory balance between work and family responsibilities, although a substantial number were overworked in order to provide an income for their families or meet the needs of their communities. Thirty-six percent of female rural general practitioners and 56% of female rural specialists preferred to work fewer hours. Female general practitioners with responsibility for children were more than twice as likely as female general practitioners without children to be in a salaried position and less likely to be a practice partner. The changes needed to attract and retain women in rural practice include a place for everyone in the doctor's family, flexible practice structures, mentoring by women doctors and financial and personal recognition. Women make up less than a quarter of the rural general practice workforce and an even smaller percentage of the specialist rural medical workforce. As a result their experiences are not well articulated in research on rural medical practice and their needs are
Rural health service managers' perspectives on preparing rural health services for climate change.

Science.gov (United States)

Purcell, Rachael; McGirr, Joe

2018-02-01

To determine health service managers' (HSMs) recommendations on strengthening the health service response to climate change. Self-administered survey in paper or electronic format. Rural south-west of New South Wales. Health service managers working in rural remote metropolitan areas 3-7. Proportion of respondents identifying preferred strategies for preparation of rural health services for climate change. There were 43 participants (53% response rate). Most respondents agreed that there is scepticism regarding climate change among health professionals (70%, n = 30) and community members (72%, n = 31). Over 90% thought that climate change would impact the health of rural populations in the future with regard to heat-related illnesses, mental health, skin cancer and water security. Health professionals and government were identified as having key leadership roles on climate change and health in rural communities. Over 90% of the respondents believed that staff and community in local health districts (LHDs) should be educated about the health impacts of climate change. Public health education facilitated by State or Federal Government was the preferred method of educating community members, and education facilitated by the LHD was the preferred method for educating health professionals. Health service managers hold important health leadership roles within rural communities and their health services. The study highlights the scepticism towards climate change among health professionals and community members in rural Australia. It identifies the important role of rural health services in education and advocacy on the health impacts of climate change and identifies recommended methods of public health education for community members and health professionals. © 2017 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.
Rural versus Urban

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schøning, Signe Wedel

and take position within larger social structures of unequal power structures through such employment. The adolescents did not explicitly discuss power relations between urban and rural Denmark in their everyday social encounters, but when they employ Stylised vestjysk and Stylised københavnsk......This ethnographic project discerns how rural adolescents living in West Jutland, Denmark, carry out their daily lives under globalised conditions. The project shows how the young speakers (re)activate, align with and discard ideological perceptions of rural and urban Denmark. By investigating......, they continuously ascribe low social status to the former and high social status to the latter. Thus, the overall picture is one reproducing urban Denmark as a powerful and prestigious centre, whereas rural Denmark is disempowered....
Costos y beneficios de la emisión de obligaciones y el apalancamiento financiero ante impuestos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Morán Montalvo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available La creciente participación de empresas en el mercado de valores pone de manifiesto que la forma de financiarse a través de la emisión de obligaciones ha tenido éxito en el país. En consecuencia, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar y determinar los costos, beneficios y la forma de conseguir apalancamiento por medio de los impuestos que implica la emisión de obligaciones para las empresas. Por lo tanto, fue necesario evaluar aquellos costos que se incurren en el proceso como: los costos de emisión y los costos de colocación. El primero se refiere a la estructura financiera y legal, calificadora de riesgo, mientras que el segundo, al agente colocador, los intereses por pagar. Adicionalmente, se analizó el apalancamiento financiero en los impuestos corporativos. Los métodos de investigación utilizados fueron exploratoria y descriptiva. El caso de estudio permitió realizar proyecciones que proporcionaron respuestas al problema planteado. Según el análisis realizado, los resultados del financiamiento por medio de obligaciones estarán en función del tipo de tasa que se ofrezca y de los costos de la emisión, así como del tiempo y del monto requerido. Palabras clave: Finanzas, emisión de obligaciones, bolsa de valores, apalancamiento financiero, impuestos corporativos.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT: MORE THAN SINGLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT DESARROLLO RURAL: MÁS QUE DESARROLLO AGRÍCOLA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pachón Ariza Fabio Alberto

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Rural development as the notion of development has been strongly influenced by the idea of economic growth. Conversely, the rural development road has been focus on agricultural modernization of production systems, intensive use of chemical inputs to increase levels and technology transfer. The actual rural reality has conducted to a revaluation of what rural means and therefore its development. In these sense has grown the importance of rural related activities linked to the diversification and generating of extra revenues for rural families. This could be one of the cases behind this change in perceptions on previous rural development, giving more importance to other aspects such as cultural diversity, community participation, decision taking, decentralization processes, cultural values, and in consequence hot associate rural development with agricultural development.El desarrollo rural al igual que el sólo desarrollo, ha estado fuertemente influenciado por la idea que lo liga con el crecimiento económico. Concebido de esta forma, la manera como se ha intentado alcanzar desarrollo rural ha sido por medio de la modernización de los sistemas de producción agropecuaria, del uso indiscriminado de insumos químicos para aumentar los niveles productivos y de transferencia de tecnología. La realidad que se vive en el sector rural ha hecho que se evolucione hacia una revaloración de lo que significa lo rural y, de esta manera, también su desarrollo. Por este camino han tomado más importancia actividades conexas a lo productivo agropecuario y también la diversificación de las formas de generación de ingresos para las familias rurales. Ésta podría ser una de las causas para que también cambie la percepción que existía sobre el desarrollo rural y se brinde más importancia a otros aspectos como la aceptación de la diversidad, la participación de la comunidad en la toma de decisiones, la descentralización de la administración, el
The Rural School Leadership Dilemma

Science.gov (United States)

Surface, Jeanne L.; Theobald, Paul

2014-01-01

The idea that rural schools and communities, indeed, even rural people, are somehow substandard or second-class has deep historical roots. The goal of this essay is to reveal that history so as to render stereotypical conceptions all things rural less powerful and more easily dismissed by rural school professionals. Consequently the focus is on…
Creating a new rural pharmacy workforce: Development and implementation of the Rural Pharmacy Health Initiative.

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, Mollie Ashe; Kiser, Stephanie; Park, Irene; Grandy, Rebecca; Joyner, Pamela U

2017-12-01

An innovative certificate program aimed at expanding the rural pharmacy workforce, increasing the number of pharmacists with expertise in rural practice, and improving healthcare outcomes in rural North Carolina is described. Predicted shortages of primary care physicians and closures of critical access hospitals are expected to worsen existing health disparities. Experiential education in schools and colleges of pharmacy primarily takes place in academic medical centers and, unlike experiential education in medical schools, rarely emphasizes the provision of patient care in rural U.S. communities, where chronic diseases are prevalent and many residents struggle with poverty and poor access to healthcare. To help address these issues, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy developed the 3-year Rural Pharmacy Health Certificate program. The program curriculum includes 4 seminar courses, interprofessional education and interaction with medical students, embedding of each pharmacy student into a specific rural community for the duration of training, longitudinal ambulatory care practice experiences, community engagement initiatives, leadership training, development and implementation of a population health project, and 5 pharmacy practice experiences in rural settings. The Rural Pharmacy Health Certificate program at UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy seeks to transform rural pharmacy practice by creating a pipeline of rural pharmacy leaders and teaching a unique skillset that will be beneficial to healthcare systems, communities, and patients. Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting rural-urban economies?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Marianne Nylandsted; Birch-Thomsen, Torben; Lazaro, Evelyn

The interlinked relationships between urban settlements and their rural hinterlands in Sub-Saharan Africa are perceived crucial in enhancing possibilities for livelihood diversification and poverty reduction. Urban settlements provide opportunities for investment in more remunerative economic...... activities, job/employment opportunities that retain potential migrants in the area, and access to services for the rural hinterlands. This paper examines the role of emerging urban centres (EUCs) as ‘drivers’ of rural development based on a study of two EUCs and their rural hinterlands in Tanzania. Findings...... and poverty reduction....

Performing rurality. But who?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dymitrow Mirek

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Reflective inquiries to better understand ‘the rural’ have tried to embed rural research within the notion of performativity. Performativity assumes that the capacity of language is not simply to communicate but also to consummate action, whereupon citational uses of concepts produce a series of material effects. Of late, this philosophical shift has also implicated geographers as active agents in producing, reproducing and performing rurality. This paper provides a critical evaluation of what this new insistence really means for the production of geographical knowledge. Using framework analysis as a method, the paper scrutinizes several reportedly influential papers on the topic of rural performativity. Our findings reveal that, while indeed reflexive on issues of academic integrity, methodology and ethics, performances of rurality are continuedly placed ‘out there’ amongst ‘rural people’, i.e. in a priori defined and often stereotypically understood contexts, either by way of ‘spatial delimitation’ or ‘activity delimitation’. Effectively, such testimonies provide a truncated state of fidelity, where performance- oriented reflexivity is seconded by contradictory empirics of uneven value and with few commonalities. We conclude that by turning towards performativity as an allegedly more helpful way of obtaining rural coherence, we at the same time overlook our own role in keeping ‘rural theory’ alive.
CHANGING SCHOOL NEEDS IN RURAL AREAS.

Science.gov (United States)

RHODES, ALVIN E.

AS THE RURAL ECONOMY HAS BECOME MORE AFFECTED BY AUTOMATION, RURAL SOCIETY HAS BECOME MORE INDUSTRIAL. FARM POPULATION AND THE NUMBER OF FARMS HAVE DECREASED, WHILE NON-FARM RURAL POPULATION HAS INCREASED. THE CHANGING RURAL SCENE IS REFLECTED IN CHANGES IN RURAL EDUCATION. EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES HAVE GREATLY INCREASED DUE TO SCHOOL…
Innovating for Rural Development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Dorthe

is that policies, agricultural research and extension should pay attention to these financial structural aspects, since they regulate the extent of ‘public good extension services’ like rural development services and ‘innovation intermediation’ in Danish agricultural extension agencies. The capacity differs among...... the individual agencies and among individual agents. There are agencies that financially invest in rural development service, including in innovation intermediation. On the other hand, there are agencies where the presence of rural development service is merely as a formal structure, possibly to signal...... as an analytical strategy. Paper 1 reports on, and critically examines, the entrance of consultants with rural development functions in Danish agricultural extension agencies. Paper 2 seeks to understand how multiple rural actor projects driven by Danish agricultural extension serve to generate new social...
Application of the Rural Development Index to Analysis of Rural Regions in Poland and Slovakia

Science.gov (United States)

Michalek, Jerzy; Zarnekow, Nana

2012-01-01

The main purpose of this research was to construct a multi-dimensional (composite) index measuring the overall level of rural development and quality of life in individual rural regions of a given EU country. In the Rural Development Index (RDI) the rural development domains are represented by hundreds of partial socio-economic, environmental,…
Rural Tourism - Alternative to the Development of Rural Areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cristina PAIU

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Rural tourism through its content and its features is a distinct component in the economy of a region, and the sustainable, efficient use of local tourism resources can be an extremely important activity by: adding added value, boosting productivity, employment and increasing the living standard of the population. Rural tourism is considered a lever to mitigate local imbalances and besides attracting touristic areas in the circuit, it also has consequences on territorial development: housing construction, road development, development of public services and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Consequently, rural tourism has an impact on a country's economic and social development strategy, but also on a branch level.
Pérou: vers une redistribution des populations rurales andines? Changements dans la société paysanne et évolution de l'organisation de l'espace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Les résultats préliminaires du recensement de 1993 offrent de nouveaux éléments pour lanalyse des modifications survenues dans la distribution des populations rurales au Pérou, au cours des trente dernières années. Malgré les migrations vers les villes et vers la forêt amazonienne, la population rurale se maintient dans certaines régions, en particulier des Andes, plus facilement que dans dautres. à léchelle du pays, ce maintien donne limpression dune certaine inertie. à plus grande échelle, cependant, sont perceptibles les stratégies dagriculteurs en général pluriactifs, cherchant à utiliser au mieux de leurs intérêts les possibilités existentes dans le cadre dorganisations spatiales régionales en cours dévolution, comme le montre lexemple du sud péruvien. PERÚ: ¿HACIA UNA REDISTRIBUCIÓN DE LAS POBLACIONES RURALES ANDINAS? CAMBIOS EN LA SOCIEDAD CAMPESINA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN DEL ESPACIO. Los datos preliminares del censo de población y vivienda de 1993 ofrecen nuevos elementos para el análisis de las modificaciones producidas en la distribución de la población rural del Perú, en el curso de los últimos treinta años. A pesar de las migraciones hacia las ciudades y hacia la selva, la población rural se mantiene dentro de ciertas regiones, en particular en los Andes, con más facilidad que en otras. A escala nacional, esta permanencia da la impresión de una cierta inercia. Sin embargo, a mayor escala, puede percibirse las estrategias de los agricultores, los cuales participan en una variedad de actividades económicas. Como lo demuestra el ejemplo del sur peruano, éstos buscan utilizar para su propio beneficio las posibilidades existentes en el marco de las organizaciones espaciales regionales que se encuentran en curso de evolución. PERU: TOWARDS A REDISTRIBUTION OF THE ANDEAN RURAL POPULATION? CHANGES IN PEASANT SOCIETY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION. The
Land tenure insecurity and rural-urban migration in rural China

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ma Xian lei, Xianlei; Heerink, N.B.M.; Ierland, van E.C.; Shi Xiaoping, X.

2016-01-01

This paper examines the impact of land tenure security perceptions on rural-urban migration decisions of rural households, using data collected in Minle County in Northwest China. We find that tenure security perceptions play a significant role in household migration decisions in villages without
China's rural electrification and poverty reduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Ming

2003-01-01

This paper aims at quantifying the impact of rural investment in power sector on the rural economic development and poverty reduction in China. An econometric model was developed and six Chinese provinces with different economic background are studied. These provinces comprise Jiangsu and Liaoning with well-developed rural economy, Hebei and Henan with medium-developed rural economy, and Shannxi and Xinjiang with the least-developed rural economy. Over 20-yr historical data for the six provincial rural areas--counties and below, was collected in rural economic development, households, population, per capita income, community infrastructure development, capital investment, electricity consumption, output values in agriculture sector, and township and village enterprises. SPSS V10.0 software program was used in the research. This paper concludes that priority of capital investment in rural power sector should be given to Jiangsu and Liaoning if the objective of the investment is to develop rural economy, and that the priority should be given to Hebei and Henan if the objective is to reduce poverty in rural area
Reaching rural customers: the challenge of market-based rural electrification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reinmueller, Dorothee [International Solar Energy Society (ISES), Freiburg (Germany); Adib, Rana [Fraunhofer Inst. for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg (Germany)

2002-06-01

The large number of households that need catering for in market based approaches to rural energy supply in developing countries makes different demands on all involved players: an extensive infrastructure for reaching the rural customer needs to be established, extensive investments have to be realised, financial sustainability must be assured, and the business must even show profit. Thus, for successful market and infrastructure development it is a major necessity to understand the mechanisms involved. The authors describe a new guide to assist governments, business, and financing organisations in providing energy to rural areas using renewables. (Author)
Reaching rural customers: the challenge of market-based rural electrification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reinmueller, Dorothee; Adib, Rana

2002-01-01

The large number of households that need catering for in market based approaches to rural energy supply in developing countries makes different demands on all involved players: an extensive infrastructure for reaching the rural customer needs to be established, extensive investments have to be realised, financial sustainability must be assured, and the business must even show profit. Thus, for successful market and infrastructure development it is a major necessity to understand the mechanisms involved. The authors describe a new guide to assist governments, business, and financing organisations in providing energy to rural areas using renewables. (Author)
Seasonality of Rural Finance

OpenAIRE

Khandker, Shahidur R.; Samad, Hussain A.; Badruddoza, Syed

2017-01-01

Simultaneity of borrowing, withdrawal of savings, and loan defaults due to the pronounced seasonality of agriculture often leads to investment failure of rural financial institutions. Lack of borrowing leads to lack of in-come- and consumption-smoothing, and in turn, causes inefficient resource allocation by rural households. Financial institutions that are active in rural areas take diffe...
Cómo y para qué se ha instaurado el discurso de la maximización de beneficios en la esfera psicoterapéutica: análisis de las evaluaciones de costo-beneficio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Ascorra

2008-11-01

Full Text Available
Lo que me motiva a escribir el presente artículo dice relación con la posibilidad de poder analizar el por qué y para qué se han introducido herramientas administrativas a la evaluación de los procesos psicoterapéuticos. No me motiva investigar qué tipo de intervención psicoterapéutica puede resultar más adecuada para tal tipo de problema psicológico; sino construir algunas hipótesis que justifiquen la introducción de constructos tales como eficiencia, maximización de beneficios, eficacia, efectividad, etc. al campo psicoterapéutico.También me interesa cuestionar la utilidad de instaurar ciertos modelos de explicación derivados de las “ciencias duras” al campo de la salud mental.
Para cumplir el propósito que me propongo, analizaré qué es lo que se entiende por investigaciones en análisis de costo y sugeriré quiénes legitiman la introducción de este tipo de dispositivo social en nuestras formas de vida y para qué lo hacen. Posteriormente abordaré las investigaciones publicadas tomando como referencia el metaanálisis realizado por Gabbard, Lazar, Hornberger y Spiegel en 1997, develando las falencias que presentan los estudios publicados. Por último, en la discusión final voy a sostener que este tipo de estudio constituye un dispositivo social -validado por la administración y la economía, principalmente- mediante el cual se favorecen los intereses de actores sociales específicos, entre los cuales destacan las compañías aseguradoras de salud, el Estado y aquellas intervenciones psicoterapéuticas que poseen un marcado enfoque médico; en particular, la psiquiatría.
Rural Gas Program manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1987-11-01

The intent and purpose of this manual is to describe the various guideliness and administrative procedures associated with the Alberta Rural Gas Program and to consolidate and expand upon the legislation under which the Program has been developed. It is intended primarily for the use and information of rural gas distributors, their agents, and other private or government parties having an interest in the Rural Gas Program. Information is presented on: rural gas franchises, technical applications, contracts and tenders, determination of system capital costs for grant support, grants, Gas Alberta brokerage arrangements, insurance coverage, utility rights-of-way, and lien notes.
producto turismo rural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blanca García Henche

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El turismo rural lleva un largo periodo establecido en Europa, pero en los últimos años crece su importancia ya que supone un nuevo producto turístico y una fuente de ingresos para la economía rural. Actualmente, los turistas buscan experiencias distintas al tradicional turismo de sol y playa, prefieren un turismo más individualizado y flexible, buscan nuevas formas de alojamiento y muestran un interés creciente por el contacto con la naturaleza. La oferta turística rural ha de adaptarse a las exigencias de esta demanda, lo que implica más flexibilidad y alojamientos y pueblos adaptados a las necesidades emergentes. Se ha de definir el turismo rural como una alternativa de adaptación a los cambios en las necesidades de los consumidores. El presente documento muestra los componentes del turismo rural. Los recursos turísticos son la materia prima, a la que se ha de añadir los servicios. Estos servicios pueden ser básicos o complementarios. Además de los servicios hay que añadir las actividades complementarias e infraestructuras No hay duda de que el turismo rural puede beneficiarse de la aplicación del marketing. El marketing implica entender qué es lo que los consumidores desean y crear productos para satisfacer sus necesidades, además de comercializar el producto correctamente.
Constructing and Reconstructing the "Rural School Problem": A Century of Rural Education Research

Science.gov (United States)

Biddle, Catharine; Azano, Amy Price

2016-01-01

This chapter examines 100 years of rural education research in the context of the demographic, migratory, economic, and social changes that have affected rural America in the past century. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature on rural teacher recruitment, retention, and training as a case study to examine the constancy and…
Rural Health Concerns

Science.gov (United States)

People in rural areas face some different health issues than people who live in towns and cities. Getting health care can ... long distances to get routine checkups and screenings. Rural areas often have fewer doctors and dentists, and ...
The challenges of sustainable rural electrification in isolated communities of the Amazonia; Os desafios da eletrificacao rural sustentavel em comunidades isoladas da Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues; Bacellar, Atlas Augusto; Seye, Omar; Goncalves, Cristiano; Cunha, Yasmine dos Santos Ribeiro; Souza, Fernando Cesar Rodrigues; Mota, Sheila Cordeiro; Sardinha, Marcia Drumond; Cunha, Priscila de Sa Leitao; Albuquerque, Felipe Oliveira; Costa, Whillison Bentes da; Silveira Junior, Wellyghan Assis [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico

2008-07-01

In this article some important elements are discussed in the challenge to make possible the isolated of the Amazon electric supply in maintainable bases. The discussion is made fundamentally starting from the experience lived in the project 'Model for Electric Power Enterprise in Isolated Communities in the Amazon - NERAM', financed by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq in the extent of the program 'Luz para Todos', being implemented by the Amazonian Center of Energy Development - CDEAM of Amazon Federal University - UFAM. The reading of the problem is focused in two aspects considered fundamental for the discussion, which they are: the generation of income and the generation, distribution and electric power sale. (author)
On rurality - Sreten Vujović: Rural development sociology, Zavod za udžbenike, Beograd, 2016

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hodžić Alija H.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This text, both a review and an overview, refers to the notion of rurality, the supporting concept of the collection of papers “Rural Development Sociology”. It points to the complexity and historicity, perception and politics of the social reality that the notion of rurality covers, and to the importance of the Collection for possible rural and regional development policy.
Measuring the attractiveness of rural communities in accounting for differences of rural primary care workforce supply.

Science.gov (United States)

McGrail, Matthew R; Wingrove, Peter M; Petterson, Stephen M; Humphreys, John S; Russell, Deborah J; Bazemore, Andrew W

2017-01-01

Many rural communities continue to experience an undersupply of primary care doctor services. While key professional factors relating to difficulties of recruitment and retention of rural primary care doctors are widely identified, less attention has been given to the role of community and place aspects on supply. Place-related attributes contribute to a community's overall amenity or attractiveness, which arguably influence both rural recruitment and retention relocation decisions of doctors. This bi-national study of Australia and the USA, two developed nations with similar geographic and rural access profiles, investigates the extent to which variations in community amenity indicators are associated with spatial variations in the supply of rural primary care doctors. Measures from two dimensions of community amenity: geographic location, specifically isolation/proximity; and economics and sociodemographics were included in this study, along with a proxy measure (jurisdiction) of a third dimension, environmental amenity. Data were chiefly collated from the American Community Survey and the Australian Census of Population and Housing, with additional calculated proximity measures. Rural primary care supply was measured using provider-to-population ratios in 1949 US rural counties and in 370 Australian rural local government areas. Additionally, the more sophisticated two-step floating catchment area method was used to measure Australian rural primary care supply in 1116 rural towns, with population sizes ranging from 500 to 50 000. Associations between supply and community amenity indicators were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficients and ordinary least squares multiple linear regression models. It was found that increased population size, having a hospital in the county, increased house prices and affluence, and a more educated and older population were all significantly associated with increased workforce supply across rural areas of both countries
Energy for rural India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Urban, Frauke; Benders, Rene M.J.; Moll, Henri C.

2009-01-01

About 72 million households in rural India do not have access to electricity and rely primarily on traditional biofuels. This research investigates how rural electrification could be achieved in India using different energy sources and what the effects for climate change mitigation could be. We use the Regional Energy Model (REM) to develop scenarios for rural electrification for the period 2005-2030 and to assess the effects on greenhouse gas emissions, primary energy use and costs. We compare the business-as-usual scenario (BAU) with different electrification scenarios based on electricity from renewable energy, diesel and the grid. Our results indicate that diesel systems tend to have the highest CO 2 emissions, followed by grid systems. Rural electrification with primarily renewable energy-based end-uses could save up to 99% of total CO 2 emissions and 35% of primary energy use in 2030 compared to BAU. Our research indicates that electrification with decentralised diesel systems is likely to be the most expensive option. Rural electrification with renewable energy tends to be the most cost-effective option when end-uses are predominantly based on renewable energy, but turns out to be more costly than grid extensions when electric end-use devices are predominantly used. This research therefore elaborates whether renewable energy is a viable option for rural electrification and climate change mitigation in rural India and gives policy recommendations.

Greenways for rural sustainable development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ottomano Palmisano, Giovanni; Govindan, Kannan; Loisi, Rosa V.

2016-01-01

within the CAP because they help to protect and manage environmental heritage, promote economic activities and enhance the social assets of rural areas; furthermore, given their natural ability to simultaneously connect these resources, greenways promote Rural Sustainable Development (RSD......Policy makers have recently begun to agree on environmental, economic and social aspects of rural areas that are enhanced according to the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and in particular in the national Rural Development Programmes (RDPs).Greenways are an acknowledged tool...... Aiding (MCDA) technique "Group Analytic Hierarchy Process" (GAHP). The validity of this MC-SDSS was tested on three rural municipalities of Apulia Region (Southern Italy). In particular, a GIS was used to detect the rural resources and existing linear elements, which were used to perform overlay mapping...
Agrocombustibles y soberanía alimentaria en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Javier Ávila Díaz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El impacto de la variabilidad climática y el cambio climático obligan a desarrollar políticas integrales y coherentes orientadas a la adaptación de los diferentes sectores productivos del país. En este artículo se analizan los beneficios e inconvenientes del uso de los agrocombustibles en Colombia, considerando un marco integral que incluye impactos ambientales, sociales y económicos. Se concluye que los beneficios fiscales que recibe el Estado por los agrocombustibles no corresponden con los costos de oportunidad que paga la sociedad en inversión social y deterioro ambiental. Se recomienda una diversificación de cultivos que garantice la soberanía alimentaria del país y que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población rural, que alcanza altos índices de pobreza e indigencia.
Building energy efficiency in rural China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Evans, Meredydd; Yu, Sha; Song, Bo; Deng, Qinqin; Liu, Jing; Delgado, Alison

2014-01-01

Rural buildings in China now account for more than half of China's total building energy use. Forty percent of the floorspace in China is in rural villages and towns. Most of these buildings are very energy inefficient, and may struggle to provide for basic needs. They are cold in the winter, and often experience indoor air pollution from fuel use. The Chinese government plans to adopt a voluntary building energy code, or design standard, for rural homes. The goal is to build on China's success with codes in urban areas to improve efficiency and comfort in rural homes. The Chinese government recognizes rural buildings represent a major opportunity for improving national building energy efficiency. The challenges of rural China are also greater than those of urban areas in many ways because of the limited local capacity and low income levels. The Chinese government wants to expand on new programs to subsidize energy efficiency improvements in rural homes to build capacity for larger-scale improvement. This article summarizes the trends and status of rural building energy use in China. It then provides an overview of the new rural building design standard, and describes options and issues to move forward with implementation. - Highlights: • Building energy use is larger in rural China than in cities. • Rural buildings are very energy intensive, and energy use is growing with incomes. • A new design standard aims to help rural communities build more efficiently. • Important challenges remain with implementation
The influence of rural clinical school experiences on medical students' levels of interest in rural careers.

Science.gov (United States)

Isaac, Vivian; Watts, Lisa; Forster, Lesley; McLachlan, Craig S

2014-08-28

Australian Rural Clinical School (RCS) programmes have been designed to create experiences that positively influence graduates to choose rural medical careers. Rural career intent is a categorical evaluation measure and has been used to assess the Australian RCS model. Predictors for rural medical career intent have been associated with extrinsic values such as students with a rural background. Intrinsic values such as personal interest have not been assessed with respect to rural career intent. In psychology, a predictor of the motivation or emotion for a specific career or career location is the level of interest. Our primary aims are to model over one year of Australian RCS training, change in self-reported interest for future rural career intent. Secondary aims are to model student factors associated with rural career intent while attending an RCS. The study participants were medical students enrolled in a RCS in the year 2013 at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and who completed the newly developed self-administered UNSW Undergraduate Destinations Study (UDS) questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline and after one year of RCS training on preferred location for internship, work and intended specialty. Interest for graduate practice location (career intent) was assessed on a five-variable Likert scale at both baseline and at follow-up. A total of 165 students completed the UDS at baseline and 150 students after 1 year of follow-up. Factors associated with intent to practise in a rural location were rural background (χ2 = 28.4, P influence practice intent (toward rural practice) and interest levels (toward greater interest in rural practice).
Rural labour markets and rural conflict in Spain before the Civil War (1931-1936)

OpenAIRE

Domènech Feliu, Jordi

2012-01-01

This paper looks at the causes of rural conflict in 1930s Spain. Rather than stressing bottom-up forces of mobilisation linked to poor harvests and rural unemployment or the inability of the state to enforce reformist legislation, this paper explores the role of state policy in sorting out the acute coordination and collective action problems of mobilising rural labourers. I do so by looking at the effects of intervention on rural labour markets in dry-farming areas of Spain (parts of Castile...
RURAL TOURISM IN DOBRUDGEA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena, SIMA

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The natural and anthropic tourism resources of a certain area generate specific tourism forms, which complete each other within the different destination categories.The rural area in Dobrudja has diversified tourism potential, provided by the contrast of natural environment factors, ranging from the oldest and to the youngest relief units, natural protected areas, spa resources and cultural, historical, religious sites, as well as multicultural local customs and traditions of the rural area. This potential can be used under various kinds in the rural area: cultural tourism, historical tourism, religious tourism, ecotourism, fishing tourism or bird-watching tourism, and other kinds of rural tourism. By linking these tourism resources and tourism forms, tourism routes can result, which together with the local customs, traditions and cuisine may contribute to the social and economic development of Dobrudja's rural area, through sustainable tourism as alternative to seasonal seashore tourism.
Urbanizing rural waters

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hommes, Lena; Boelens, Rutgerd

2017-01-01

This article studies how urbanization processes and associated rural-urban water transfers in the Lima region (Peru) create water control hierarchies that align the municipal drinking water company, hydropower plants and rural communities on unequal positions. By scrutinizing the history of water
APRECIERI ASUPRA FENOMENULUI TURISTIC RURAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Puiu NISTOREANU

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The rural areas are rich in their ecological and cultural diversity. The dimension and complexity of the rural communities make difficult a generalization regarding their problems or values, even if some common characteristics exist. For a long time in their existence, the rural communities have relied on the abundance of natural resources. But, in the 20th century, the great technological, political and economical changes have brought a profound transformation in agriculture, and other renewable industrial resources, fact which led the rural communities to a dependency towards these. Although these changes occurred, many reasons for optimism still exist. Involvement of new households in offering touristic services constitutes a new dimension of the development of the rural areas, and on a secondary plane the touristic activity in the rural environment registers new ways of manifestation. Even more, we are able to appreciate the dimensions and evolution of one of the most spectacular social – economic phenomena; the rural tourism.
Rural Renewal of China in the Context of Rural-Urban Integration: Governance Fit and Performance Differences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rongyu Wang

2018-02-01

Full Text Available In recent years, rural-urban integrated development has become a vital national strategy in China. In this context, many regions have implemented rural renewal projects to enhance the vitality and development of rural areas. The objective of this study is to reveal the reasons why different rural renewal modes have emerged in contemporary China and assess their ability to facilitate rural-urban integration. An analytical framework, the Institution of Sustainability (IoS and a comparative analysis of two cases are used for the rural renewal evaluation. Our findings indicate that the properties of transactions and the characteristics of the actors involved jointly determine the governance structures of rural renewal. Furthermore, different governance structures contribute to performance differences, particularly differences in the physical outcomes, distribution effects and process efficiency. Finally, we suggest relevant policy recommendations.
Rural Runaways: Rurality and Its Implications for Services to Children and Young People Who Run Away

Science.gov (United States)

Franks, Myfanwy; Goswami, Haridhan

2010-01-01

This article debates options for service provision to young rural runaways in the UK. Using data drawn from two national surveys and follow-on qualitative studies, the authors trace urban myths of rurality and their effects on runaway provision. The authors review models of rural refuge, systemic advocacy and mobile services for rural runaways.…
Strengthening training in rural practice in Germany: new approach for undergraduate medical curriculum towards sustaining rural health care.

Science.gov (United States)

Holst, Jens; Normann, Oliver; Herrmann, Markus

2015-01-01

After decades of providing a dense network of quality medical care, Germany is facing an increasing shortage of medical doctors in rural areas. Current graduation rates of generalists do not counterbalance the loss due to retirement. Informed by international evidence, different strategies to ensure rural medical care are under debate, including innovative teaching approaches during undergraduate training. The University of Magdeburg in Saxony-Anhalt was the first medical school in Germany to offer a rural elective for graduate students. During the 2014 summer semester, 14 medical students attended a two-weekend program in a small village in Northern Saxony-Anhalt that allowed them to become more familiar with a rural community and rural health issues. The elective course raised a series of relevant topics for setting up rural practice and provided students with helpful insight into living and working conditions in rural practice. Preliminary evaluations indicate that the rural medicine course allowed medical students to reduce pre-existing concerns and had positive impact on their willingness to set up a rural medical office after graduation. Even short-term courses in rural practice can help reduce training-related barriers that prevent young physicians from working in rural areas. Undergraduate medical training is promising to attenuate the emerging undersupply in rural areas.
Delinquent Behavior of Dutch Rural Adolescents

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Weenink, D.

2011-01-01

This article compares Dutch rural and non-rural adolescents’ delinquent behavior and examines two social correlates of rural delinquency: communal social control and traditional rural culture. The analyses are based on cross-sectional data, containing 3,797 participants aged 13–18 (48.7% females).
Rural tourism development

African Journals Online (AJOL)

BarneyM

Recently, a link between rural tourism and poverty alleviation ..... intellectual springboard for development of goods and services, crafts, local foods, music, dance, ..... established tourism market as well as the positive attitude of the respondents ... improve the congruence between the rural destination image and the visitor.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Rural Settlement Land and Rural Population in the Middle Basin of the Heihe River, China

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Manjiang Shi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Understanding the relationship between the spatiotemporal expansion of rural settlement land and the variation of rural population is the foundation of rational and specific planning for sustainable development. Based on the integration of Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI images and demographic data, using mathematical models, landscape indexes, and a decoupling model, the spatiotemporal changes of the rural settlement land area and its decoupling relationship with the rural registered population were analyzed for the middle basin of the Heihe River in China. During the period 1986–2014, the following changes occurred: (1 The study area experienced increases of 124.94%, 55.16%, and 1.56% in rural settlement land area, number of patches, and rural registered population, respectively; (2 Edge-expansion, dispersion, and urban encroachment were the dominant patterns of dynamic changes in the studied rural settlement land. Among these, edge-expansion was the most prevalent development pattern; it contributed more than half of the total increase in the number of patches and the total area growth; (3 The annual growth rate of the rural registered population increased from 0.7% in 1986–2002 to −0.5% in 2002–2014. By that time the rural settlement land area had undergone a gentle increase from 3.4% to 3.6%. Generally, the rural registered population and rural settlement land has experienced a shift from weakly decoupled in 1986–2009 to strongly decoupled in 2009–2014; (4 From 1986 to 2014, rural urbanization and modernization were the main causes that led to the decline in the rural registered population; however, economic growth promoted the expansion of rural settlement land during this same period. We believe that with the rapid development of urbanization, the decoupling relationship between the rural settlement land area and the reduction in the rural registered population cannot be completely reversed in the short term. It is recommended that
Tensions between the local and the global: contemporary rural and teaching in rural schools

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Elizeu Clementino de Souza

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The paper aims to investigate potential tensions between local and global context of contemporary ruralities, emphasizing the times, rhythms and spaces constructed from the experiences of teachers and students in the organization of the routines of rural schools. The paper presents theoretical considerations resulting from two studies in the Graduate Program in Education and Contemporary - PPGEduC / UNEB. The clipping and analysis undertaken focus on education developed in rural areas and tensions present in this context in view, discuss issues concerning the new ruralities contemporary. This discussion has as its central theme the issues of timing and the rhythm in schools with multigrade classes Island Tide that articulates with dilemmas and tensions surrounding the experience lived by teachers of geography of the city engaged in teaching in rural areas in semi-arid region of Bahia. Research has pointed to difficulties faced by rural school to consider the different temporalities that exist in rural areas in their educational processes, as well as difficulties of articulation in these contexts of learning, between the local-global dimensions through which passes the contemporary space. This movement creates stress for teachers’ work, since it complicates the relationship between the times established, standardized and rigid, with times of personal students and teachers, covering aspects such as age, life histories, movements and experiences socio-historical and geographical subjects involved in the processes of teaching and learning in rural settings in contemporary times.
50 CFR Figure 4 to Subpart E of... - Prince William Sound Rural and Non-Rural Areas

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Prince William Sound Rural and Non-Rural Areas 4 Figure 4 to Subpart E of Part 300 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED... to Subpart E of Part 300—Prince William Sound Rural and Non-Rural Areas ER04NO09.010 [74 FR 57110...
A comparison of mental health, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors between rural and non-rural transgender persons.

Science.gov (United States)

Horvath, Keith J; Iantaffi, Alex; Swinburne-Romine, Rebecca; Bockting, Walter

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare the mental health, substance use, and sexual risk behaviors of rural and non-rural transgender persons. Online banner advertisements were used to recruit 1,229 self-identified rural and non-rural transgender adults (18+ years) residing in the United States. Primary findings include significant differences in mental health between rural and non-rural transmen; relatively low levels of binge drinking across groups, although high levels of marijuana use; and high levels of unprotected sex among transwomen. The results confirm that mental and physical health services for transgender persons residing in rural areas are urgently needed.
Interest in rural clinical school is not enough: Participation is necessary to predict an ultimate rural practice location.

Science.gov (United States)

Playford, Denese; Puddey, Ian B

2017-08-01

Rural exposure during medical school is associated with increased rural work after graduation. How much of the increase in rural workforce by these graduates is due to pre-existing interest and plans to work rurally and how much is related to the extended clinical placement is not known. This cohort study compared the employment location of medical graduates who professed no rural interest as undergraduates (negative control), with those who applied but did not participate in Rural Clinical School of Western Australia (RCSWA) (positive control), and those who applied and participated in RCSWA (participants). All 1026 University of Western Australia students who had an opportunity to apply for a year-long rotation in RCSWA from 2004 to 2010, and who had subsequently graduated by the end of 2011, were included. Graduates' principal workplace location (AHPRA, Feb 2014). The three groups differed significantly in their graduate work locations (χ 2 = 39.2, P rural background (OR 2.99 (95% CI 1.85, 4.85), P Rural Bonded Scholarship (OR 3.36 (95% CI 1.68, 6.73, P = 0.001) and actually participating in the RCSWA remained significantly related to rural work (OR 3.10 (95% CI 1.95, 4.93), P rural work, RCSWA graduates were three times more likely to work rurally than either control group. These data suggest that RCSWA has a significant independent effect on rural workforce. © 2016 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.
In-Place Training: Optimizing Rural Health Workforce Outcomes through Rural-Based Education in Australia

Science.gov (United States)

May, Jennifer; Brown, Leanne; Burrows, Julie

2018-01-01

The medical workforce shortfall in rural areas is a major issue influencing the nature of undergraduate medical education in Australia. Exposing undergraduates to rural life through rural clinical school (RCS) placements is seen as a key strategy to address workforce imbalances. We investigated the influence of an extended RCS placement and rural…
El tráfico de influencias en la España franquista: decisiones públicas, beneficios privados

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Francisco Javier Fernández Roca

2012-08-01

Full Text Available En la España del primer franquismo, la política económica autárquica y el marco institucional intervencionista provocaron que los agentes económicos no se comportaran buscando la eficiencia económica, sino como buscadores de rentas. En este artículo se estudia, en primer lugar, el tráfico de influencias en las entregas directas de activos o en las asignaciones sesgadas de bienes, legitimados de alguna forma, por parte del poder público; en segundo lugar, se analiza cómo operaron las estructuras administrativas y burocráticas del Estado. Finalmente, se estudia la generación de beneficios particulares obtenidos desde los programas económicos y desde las normativas de la política económica.During the first regime of the Franco dictatorship, the economic policy implemented in Spain was autarky. This policy and the high level of government interventionism lead the economic agents to behave as rent-seekers instead of seeking efficiency. In this paper, we firstly study the peddling of political favors not only through direct deliveries of assets but also trough the slanted assignments of goods. These two aspects were legitimized, in some way, by the State. Secondly, we analyze the role played by the government administrative and bureaucratic structures. Lastly, we study the private profits obtained from both economic programs and the regulations established by the economic policy.

Low Impact Development Intensive Rural Construction Planning in Xu Fu Village Ningbo, China: Planning Review through Rural Resilience Perspective

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Roosmayri Lovina Hermaputi

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Xu Fu Village Ningbo LID Intensive Rural Construction Planning is a cooperation project between Zhejiang University and Ningbo Institute of Technology which named "12th Five-Year National Science and Technology support program-the comprehensive demonstration of the key technology of the beautiful rural construction in the rapid urbanization area of the Yangtze River Delta". This plan focuses on intensive rural construction as part of rural development and construction project that applies the principles of low impact development. Xu Fu Village located in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Currently, the rural growth brings the high impact of development, as a result of rapid urbanization growth arising several issues, such as low land use efficiency, dispersed rural residence, homestead occupies more, rural roads covering over, etc. Meanwhile, Xu Fu village wishes to develop its tourism potential. Thus, the intensive rural construction should be done to avoid the severe effect. The project result hopefully can improve the quality and level of rural residential planning, design, and construction; improve their living environment; save construction land and water use; and improve energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to review the Low Impact Development (LID Intensive Rural Construction in Xu Fu Village, Ningbo City through the rural resilience perspective. This paper will describe the project plan first, then review it through rural resilience perspective. This paper will elaborate the rural resilience theory and then review the rural resiliency through two parts; the first part is identifying rural resilience in rural infrastructure development based on the criteria created by Ayyob S. and Yoshiki Y. (2014, about urban resiliency criteria, and then the second part is reviewing Xu Fu Village resilience through Arup Resilience Qualities (2012, considering three rural resilience domain (economy, ecology, and cultural.
Globalización, paisaje y vivienda rural / Globalization, landscape and rural housing.

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Pino Silva, Fernando

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Las transformaciones del paisaje rural de Chile Central durante los últimos veinte años, el surgimiento de una arquitectura diferente de la vivienda rural, los nuevos patrones de organización espacial y los cambios en el uso del suelo, son algunos de los resultados que pueden ser explicados como una consecuencia de la globalización. (Proyecto DI – U.CHILE, MULT 04/29 – 2./The rural landscape changes during the last twenty years in Central Chile, the emergence of a different architecture to the rural housing, the new patterns of space organization and land use changes, are some of the effects that can be explained as a consequence of a globalization process. (Proyecto DI – U.CHILE, MULT 04/29 – 2
Rural Elementary School Teachers' Technology Integration

Science.gov (United States)

Howley, Aimee; Wood, Lawrence; Hough, Brian

2011-01-01

Based on survey responses from more than 500 third-grade teachers, this study addressed three research questions relating to technology integration and its impact in rural elementary schools. The first analyses compared rural with non-rural teachers, revealing that the rural teachers had more positive attitudes toward technology integration. Then…
Rural male suicide in Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Alston, Margaret

2012-02-01

The rate of suicide amongst Australia's rural men is significantly higher than rural women, urban men or urban women. There are many explanations for this phenomenon including higher levels of social isolation, lower socio-economic circumstances and ready access to firearms. Another factor is the challenge of climate transformation for farmers. In recent times rural areas of Australia have been subject to intense climate change events including a significant drought that has lingered on for over a decade. Climate variability together with lower socio-economic conditions and reduced farm production has combined to produce insidious impacts on the health of rural men. This paper draws on research conducted over several years with rural men working on farms to argue that attention to the health and well-being of rural men requires an understanding not only of these factors but also of the cultural context, inequitable gender relations and a dominant form of masculine hegemony that lauds stoicism in the face of adversity. A failure to address these factors will limit the success of health and welfare programs for rural men. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rural energetic troubles in Ecuador; Problemas de la Energizacion rural en Ecuador

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barriga, A [Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica, Escuela superior politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil (Ecuador)

1994-07-01

The present work presents a general situation of Ecuador, its demand of Energy, programs of electrification rural, energy requirements in the hydroelectric rural sector, central sector built in Ecuador and the priorities of energy use.
State-level employment, accessibility and rurality

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Casey Abington

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Employment and economic growth in rural areas as a policy issue has been recently highlighted by the federal government. In August 2011, the White House released a report entitled “Jobs and Economic Security for Rural America”. While the document listed various programs and policies that have reportedly benefited rural America, it also stated that rural communities are still facing many challenges. For example, many rural communities have lower incomes and higher poverty rates than more urban areas. One possible reason for rural communities being at a disadvantage compared to urban areas involves transportation, especially in terms of journey to work. Thus, one can ask how employment rates vary with accessibility, as measured by journey to work times, as well as location (rural versus urban. Using 2007 state level data, OLS analysis is used to examine the relationship between employment rates and journey to work times and rurality. The analysis confirms that employment rates decrease with increased journey to work times. However, measures of rurality were only marginally significant and the negative coefficient on each measure indicates that employment rates decrease with greater urbanization. Improving accessibility between (very rural and larger areas might improve employment opportunities. Although weighing the benefits of such (reduced unemployment against the costs of providing better highways or public transit might lead to a different conclusion.
Energy for sustainable rural development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hulscher, W.S.; Hulscher, W.S.; Hommes, E.W.; Hommes, E.W.

1992-01-01

Rural energy in developing countries is discussed with a view to sustainable development. The project-oriented approach in rural energy which has often dominated in the past, is contrasted with an overall strategy for sustainable rural energy demand and supply. An outline for a demand-oriented
Health professional students' rural placement satisfaction and rural practice intentions: A national cross-sectional survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Tony; Sutton, Keith; Pit, Sabrina; Muyambi, Kuda; Terry, Daniel; Farthing, Annie; Courtney, Claire; Cross, Merylin

2018-02-01

The aim of this study was to profile students undertaking placements at University Departments of Rural Health (UDRHs) and investigate factors affecting students' satisfaction and intention to enter rural practice. Cross-sectional survey comprising 21 core questions used by all UDRHs. Eleven UDRHs across Australia that support students' placements in regional, rural and remote locations. Medical, nursing and allied health students who participated in UDRH placements between July 2014 and November 2015 and completed the questionnaire. Key dependent variables were placement satisfaction and rural practice intention. Descriptive variables were age, gender, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) background, location of placement, healthcare discipline, year of study and type and length of placement. A total of 3328 students responded. The sample was predominantly female (79%), the mean age was 26.0 years and 1.8% identified as ATSI. Most placements (69%) were >2 but ≤12 weeks, 80% were in Modified Monash 3, 4 or 5 geographical locations. Public hospitals and community health made up 63% of placements. Students satisfied with their placement had 2.33 higher odds of rural practice intention. Those satisfied with Indigenous cultural training, workplace supervision, access to education resources and accommodation had higher odds of overall satisfaction and post-placement rural practice intention. The majority of students were highly satisfied with their placement and the support provided by rural clinicians and the UDRHs. UDRHs are well placed to provide health professional students with highly satisfactory placements that foster rural practice intention. © 2017 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.
Educating Physicians for Rural America: Validating Successes and Identifying Remaining Challenges With the Rural Medical Scholars Program.

Science.gov (United States)

Wheat, John R; Leeper, James D; Murphy, Shannon; Brandon, John E; Jackson, James R

2018-02-01

To evaluate the Rural Medical Scholars (RMS) Program's effectiveness to produce rural physicians for Alabama. A nonrandomized intervention study compared RMS (1997-2002) with control groups in usual medical education (1991-2002) at the University of Alabama School of Medicine's main and regional campuses. Participants were RMS and others admitted to regular medical education, and the intervention was the RMS Program. Measures assessed the percentage of graduates practicing in rural areas. Odds ratios compared effectiveness of producing rural Alabama physicians. The RMS Program (N = 54), regional campuses (N = 182), and main campus (N = 649) produced 48.1% (odds ratio 6.4, P rural physicians, respectively. The RMS Program, contrasted to other local programs of medical education, was effective in producing rural physicians. These results were comparable to benchmark programs in the Northeast and Midwest USA on which the RMS Program was modeled, justifying the assumption that model programs can be replicated in different regions. However, this positive effect was not shared by a disparate rural minority population, suggesting that models for rural medical education must be adjusted to meet the challenge of such communities for physicians. © 2017 National Rural Health Association.
Balancing Rural and Urban Development: Applying Coordinated Urban–Rural Development (CURD Strategy to Achieve Sustainable Urbanisation in China

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Ling-Hin Li

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Land in rural China has been under a separate and closed management system for decades even after the urban land reform that started in the late 1980s. The blurred property rights over rural land have been hindering the rural welfare as surplus rural land in sub-urban areas cannot be circulated into more economic use without first being requisitioned by the state. This traditional conversion process creates a lot of problems, among them are the compensation standard as well as displacement of rural residents to the city, where they cannot find adequate welfare protection. The prolonged disparity in economic outcomes for rural and urban residents in China in the process of urbanisation has made the authority realise that land-based local finance is no longer an option. Coordinated Urban and Rural Development (CURD ideology arises to set a level playing field by giving the rural residents comparable welfare status as their urban counterparts’ one. The CURD ideology is basically linked to the strategic development of the three main issues in the rural area of China, or in the Chinese terminology: San Nong. These three issues are rural villages, rural enterprises and rural farmers (nong cun, nong ye, nong min. CURD ideology is to preserve the livelihood of rural villages, facilitate and promote rural enterprises and increase the living standard of rural farmers. Most importantly, however, CURD policy package bestows rural residents with property rights over their farmland so that they could sub-co1ntract the user-rights to other urban commercial entities for higher benefits. While CURD policies are applied in a lot of different regions in China including Chongqing in the West, Qingdao in the North, Zhongshan in the South and Wuhan in the middle, we focus our examination in Chengdu as the Chengdu model has been widely documented and highly regarded as the most successful model in implementing the CURD strategies. From our case study, we find that
Municipal service provision in rural communities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard, Helle

EU policies for rural development stress the importance of investments rather than subsidies and aim at integrating different sectoral policies in order to improve the coherence and effectiveness of public expenditure. Policies also emphasize a place-based approach for rural development and thereby...... hierarchies and considering local resources and place bound potentials. This paper draws on a study of rural municipalities in Denmark examining how service adjustments e.g. closing of local schools are managed by rural municipalities and local communities. The paper further discusses whether rural...... municipalities can plan strategically, manage service provision and support place bound potential in rural communities in light of a competitive framework for local development....
Rural Depopulation Pattern at Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY

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M Baiquni

2004-01-01

This paper is based on a secondary data research i.e. statistical data at rural levels in Yogyakarta, thematics maps and other documents. Statistical methodes and map pattern analysis are employed to analysis data. The result of this research are as follows: a the rural depopulation in DIY can be found in 189 rural areas of 393 rural areas (48.09%; b the spatial distribution of the rural depopulation are in Gunung Kidul District (80 rural areas, Kulon Progo District (59 rural areas Sleman District (33 rural areas, and Bantul District (17 rural areas; c the rural depopulation in Yogyakarta at least related to six factors whih have been identified as out – migration, local resources, carrying capacity, geographycal location or accessibility, rural infrastructure, and service availability.
Rural energetic development: cuban experience; El desarrollo energetico rural: experiencia cubana

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguilera Barciela, M [Secretariado Ejecutivo, Comision Nacional de Energia, La Habana(Cuba)

1994-07-01

The development of electro energetic national system in Cuba has been directed to the following objectives: to brake the rural population's exodus toward the cities, electrification of dairy farm, interconnection to the system electro energetic of all the sugar central production, these improves the rural population's conditions life.
Meeting Increasing Demands for Rural General Surgeons.

Science.gov (United States)

Mccarthy, Mary C; Bowers, Howard E; Campbell, Damon M; Parikh, Priti P; Woods, Randy J

2015-12-01

Dynamic assessment of the effective surgical workforce recommends 27,300 general surgeons in 2030; 2,525 more than are presently being trained. Rural shortages are already critical and there has been insufficient preparation for this need. A literature review of the factors influencing the choice of rural practice was performed. A systematic search was conducted of PubMed and the Web of Science to identify applicable studies in rural practice, surgical training, and rural general surgery. These articles were reviewed to identify the pertinent reports. The articles chosen for review are directed to four main objectives: 1) description of the challenges of rural practice, 2) factors associated with the choice of rural practice, 3) interventions to increase interest and preparation for rural practice, and 4) present successful rural surgical practice models. There is limited research on the factors influencing surgeons in the selection of rural surgery. The family practice literature suggests that physicians are primed for rural living through early experience, with reinforcement during medical school and residency, and retained through community involvement, and personal and professional satisfaction. However, more research into the factors drawing surgeons specifically to rural surgery, and keeping them in the community, is needed.
Critical reflections on the New Rurality and the rural territorial development approaches in Latin America

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César Ramírez-Miranda

2014-04-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a critical approach to the New Rurality and the Rural Territorial Development (RTD perspectives, which nowadays are hegemonic for governmental organizations and Latin American academies. RTD's core requirements, which are functional for neoliberal policies resulting in the loss of food sovereignty, the globalization of agribusinesses, and migration as a consequence of peasant agricultural weakening, were critically reviewed on the basis of the principal challenges faced by Latin American rural areas. In light of the above consequences, it is thought that changes in such areas are based on neoliberal rurality rather than on the purported New Rurality. By stressing the need for a global historical view that reintroduces the Latin American critical thinking tradition, the urgency for public policies that stop neoliberal prescriptions and seek to strengthen peasant and indigenous agriculture in order to encourage rural development based on food sovereignty, democracy, equity and sustainability were established.
Social Welfare in Rural Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Shucksmith, Mark; And Others

1994-01-01

Literature review on social exclusion and disadvantage in rural Europe suggests that rural poverty arises from unemployment, low wages, and, most significantly, inadequate income in old age. Discusses difficulties in identifying rural incidence of exclusion and disadvantage, as well as the need for such research in light of major ongoing social…
Strengthening rural health placements for medical students ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Strengthening rural health placements for medical students: Lessons for South Africa ... rural health, primary healthcare and National Health Insurance strategies. ... preferential selection of students with a rural background, positioning rural ...
The Road to Rural Primary Care: A Narrative Review of Factors That Help Develop, Recruit, and Retain Rural Primary Care Physicians.

Science.gov (United States)

Parlier, Anna Beth; Galvin, Shelley L; Thach, Sarah; Kruidenier, David; Fagan, Ernest Blake

2018-01-01

To examine the literature documenting successes in recruiting and retaining rural primary care physicians. The authors conducted a narrative review of literature on individual, educational, and professional characteristics and experiences that lead to recruitment and retention of rural primary care physicians. In May 2016, they searched MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, Google Scholar, the Grey Literature Report, and reference lists of included studies for literature published in or after 1990 in the United States, Canada, or Australia. The authors identified 83 articles meeting inclusion criteria. They synthesized results and developed a theoretical model that proposes how the findings interact and influence rural recruitment and retention. The authors' proposed theoretical model suggests factors interact across multiple dimensions to facilitate the development of a rural physician identity. Rural upbringing, personal attributes, positive rural exposure, preparation for rural life and medicine, partner receptivity to rural living, financial incentives, integration into rural communities, and good work-life balance influence recruitment and retention. However, attending medical schools and/or residencies with a rural emphasis and participating in rural training may reflect, rather than produce, intention for rural practice. Many factors enhance rural physician identity development and influence whether physicians enter, remain in, and thrive in rural practice. To help trainees and young physicians develop the professional identity of a rural physician, multifactorial medical training approaches aimed at encouraging long-term rural practice should focus on rural-specific clinical and nonclinical competencies while providing trainees with positive rural experiences.
Evaluation of sustainable rural tourism development in Serbia

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JOVANOVIC Verka

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Serbian rural tourism face a growing number of challenges. A competitive Serbian rural economy requires a balance between agricultural production, other economic activities, environmental protection and social development. Rural development has focuset on improving agricultural competitiveness consolidating land, improvingmarket orientation, and developing economic infrastructure. Rural tourism is seen as one of the aspects of sustainable economic growth of the four rural areas in Serbia. The paper gives an evaluation of rural tourism development in Serbia through rural tourism product and rural tourism clusters prioritizing. Rural tourism is highlighted as one possible solution for the poor rural areas development. It is seen as an instrument for revitalization of the rural space and for the increasing of their attractiveness.Leisure, recreation and tourism in rural areas are perspectives of a new approach in which society is changing from the concern of production to concern of consumption.
Rural Media Literacy: Youth Documentary Videomaking as a Rural Literacy Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Pyles, Damiana Gibbons

2016-01-01

Through an analysis of a corpus of youth-produced documentary video data collected at a youth media arts organization in rural Appalachia, I explore how these rural youth engaged in media literacy practices through creating documentary videos about themselves and their community. Using a theoretical foundation in literacies research, especially…

Beneficios de la distracción mandibular en neonatos con apnea del sueño

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D.J. Caycedo-García

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La apnea obstructiva del sueño o hipoventilación obstructiva en neonatos, es distinta que en los adultos y también lo son su presentación, etiología y tratamiento. Se considera apnea del sueño cuando se produce 1 episodio de apnea por hora de más de 10 segundos de duración, con saturación menor del 87% e incremento del CO2. Existen varias causas, pero los factores anatómicos y neurofuncionales son la base del problema respiratorio superior que produce fallos en las fuerzas que contraen y dilatan la vía aérea. La retromicrognatia como causa anatómica, puede ser aislada o sindrómica. La hipoxemia y la hipercapnia aumentan la presión negativa intratorácica del paciente con la consecuencia de daño celular sin que se pueda cuantificar la gravedad de la lesión cerebral en esta etapa neonatal. En el presente estudio, observacional descriptivo, entre los años 2000 y 2011, en una serie de 49 pacientes neonatos de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Recién Nacido del Hospital Universitario del Valle y del Centro Médico Imbanaco de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, pretendemos evidenciar los beneficios del tratamiento precoz de los neonatos que presentan retromicrognatia y apnea obstructiva o hipoventilación obstructiva, intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante corticotomía, colocación de distractores y elongación mandibular, logrando que la apnea obstructiva desapareciera en un tiempo no superior a una semana y que la mejoría clínica de los recién nacidos con este diagnostico fuera evidente, evitando la traqueotomía y las posibles complicaciones y secuelas por hipoxia cerebral, a la vez que disminuyó la estancia hospitalaria.
Rural Youth: The Policy Agenda.

Science.gov (United States)

Dey, Ian; Jentsch, Birgit

With the advent of a Scottish Parliament and a Minister and Parliamentary Committee for Rural Affairs, there is now a broad consensus that policies are needed to generate "quality jobs" for young people in rural Scotland. This agenda is politically appealing, since it addresses various rural problems, including retention of young people…
Rural African women and development.

Science.gov (United States)

Kabadaki, K

1994-01-01

70-90% of Africans still live in rural areas, and 25-30% of rural households are headed by women. Standards of living in rural areas are lower than in urban areas. Rural African women's involvement in development is in its initial stages, and social development for women is likely to be slow. Increasing women's opportunities for education is a means of promoting social justice and fairness. Schools should offer courses of practical value for those not planning on higher education and special programs and career counseling for gifted girls. Women's organizations, African leaders, and other influential parties should aggressively create awareness about the oppressive aspects of traditional attitudes, beliefs, and views about women. Laws on ownership of property, inheritance, access to credit, and employment must be equitable and enforced. Consciousness-raising among rural women is an effective means of encouraging rural women to seek and assume new roles and for questioning unreasonable expectations and norms. Women's professional associations serve important functions and fulfill the need for role models. The quality of rural women's life is effectively improved through formulation of policies relevant to women's needs and problems and improve rural conditions. Women should have fair representation at local and national levels of government. Women's role in agriculture is likely to be enhanced through improved transportation systems, electricity supply, and introduction of intermediate technology. This assessment of rural African women's contributions to economic growth emphasizes women's involvement in farming and the informal sector and their lack of equal remuneration or low wages. Illiteracy places women in a disadvantaged position when competing for employment in the formal sector. Lack of access to credit and limits on credit are other obstacles in the informal sector. The reduced participation of rural women in the formal and informal sector is due to lack of
Sensitising rural policy: Assessing spatial variation in rural development options for Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Berkel, van D.B.; Verburg, P.H.

2011-01-01

Regional distinctiveness is supported by the European Union in rural development policy. However, there is little information about the spatial distribution of the potential for rural development across Europe. The concept of territorial capital is used to consider spatial characteristics in
Pedagogy for rural health.

Science.gov (United States)

Reid, Stephen J

2011-04-01

As the body of literature on rural health has grown, the need to develop a unifying theoretical framework has become more apparent. There are many different ways of seeing the same phenomenon, depending on the assumptions we make and the perspective we choose. A conceptual and theoretical basis for the education of health professionals in rural health has not yet been described. This paper examines a number of theoretical frameworks that have been used in the rural health discourse and aims to identify relevant theory that originates from an educational paradigm. The experience of students in rural health is described phenomenologically in terms of two complementary perspectives, using a geographic basis on the one hand, and a developmental viewpoint on the other. The educational features and implications of these perspectives are drawn out. The concept of a 'pedagogy of place' recognizes the importance of the context of learning and allows the uniqueness of a local community to integrate learning at all levels. The theory of critical pedagogy is also found relevant to education for rural health, which would ideally produce 'transformative' graduates who understand the privilege of their position, and who are capable of and committed to engaging in the struggles for equity and justice, both within their practices as well as in the wider society. It is proposed that a 'critical pedagogy of place,' which gives due acknowledgement to local peculiarities and strengths, while situating this within a wider framework of the political, social and economic disparities that impact on the health of rural people, is an appropriate theoretical basis for a distinct rural pedagogy in the health sciences.
Rural poverty unperceived: problems and remedies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chambers, R

1981-01-01

There are major obstacles to perceiving the nature and the extent of rural poverty in developing countries. These obstacles originate not only in the nature of rural poverty itself, but also in the condition of those, not themselves of the rural poor, who do or, more significantly, do not perceive that poverty. The argument has implications for all rural development programs and projects, and for the training of staff. The conclusion is that reversals of current positions and practices are required if the obstacles are to be surmounted, if the nature and the extent of rural poverty are to be truly appreciated, and if future actions are to be tailored to the actual needs of the rural poor. 49 references.
Recreating of rurality around the totoro forest in the outer fringe of tokyo metropolitan area : the spirituality of rurality

OpenAIRE

Kikuchi, Toshio; Obara, Norihiro

2005-01-01

In this paper we made a point of rural land use and its conservation as the reflection of rurality in outer fringes, and discussed about recreating of rurality with utilising its conservation activities and the spirituality. In Sayama hill region of Tokyo metropolitan area, restructuring of rural land use and recreating rurality have been practised with conservation and maintenance activities in the Totoro forest. Although rural and urban residents think about those activities and their parti...
Rural/Nonrural Differences in College Attendance Patterns.

Science.gov (United States)

Byun, Soo-Yong; Irvin, Matthew J; Meece, Judith L

Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, this study documented college attendance patterns of rural youth in terms of the selectivity of first postsecondary institution of attendance, the timing of transition to postsecondary education, and the continuity of enrollment. The study also examined how these college attendance patterns among rural students differed from those among their non-rural counterparts and which factors explained these rural/nonrural differences. Results showed that rural youth were less likely than their nonrural counterparts to attend a selective institution. In addition, rural youth were more likely to delay entry to postsecondary education, compared to their urban counterparts. Finally, rural students were less likely than their urban counterparts to be continuously enrolled in college. Much of these rural/nonrural disparities in college attendance patterns were explained by rural/nonrural differences in socioeconomic status and high school preparation. Policy implications, limitations of the study, and future research directions are also discussed.
Rural electrification policy and institutional linkages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haanyika, Charles Moonga

2006-01-01

Some of the problems that have besieged rural electrification in most developing countries include inadequate policies, weak institutional frameworks and limited financing. In the last two decades, governments in developing countries have been making various efforts both at the policy level and in financing to facilitate increased levels of rural electrification. However, the introduction of market-based reforms in the power sector in the last decade has affected the institutional and financing arrangements for rural electrification. The reforms have also affected the rate of electrification and affordability of electricity. There is need therefore to establish the extent to which the reforms have affected access and affordability of electricity in rural areas and to develop appropriate policy and the supporting institutional structures to align rural electrification with reformed power sectors. It is cardinal to establish how privatised and commercialised power companies in a reformed power sector could contribute to rural electrification and the role of governments and government agents in facilitating expanded access to electricity in rural areas
Tourism in Rural Environment

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MIHAI IELENICZ

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Rural tourism is now determined by limited economic opportunities, poor infrastructure, low motivation to possible offers, lack of proper service guarantees. Nearly 500 Romanian villages are already tourist locations, with certain characteristics determined by a heritage item, or complex ones when multiple components lead to various activities. This paper includes a typology of tourist villages in Romania according to the types of practiced tourist activities, insisting on the use of a more comprehensive terminology: tourism in rural environment, participative and creative tourism in rural areas. Tourism becomes a system accepted in the rural environment as a real opportunity for economic development with multiple social consequences. By multiplying tourism potential to meet tourists’ demands, many villages will get tourism valences with various activities in this filed, including environment protection.
Differences in cardiovascular risk factors in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants in Peru

Science.gov (United States)

Miranda, J. Jaime; Gilman, Robert H.; Smeeth, Liam

2011-01-01

Objectives To assess differences in cardiovascular risk profiles among rural-to-urban migrants and non-migrant groups. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Ayacucho and Lima, Peru Participants rural (n=201); rural-urban migrants (n=589) and urban (n=199). Main outcome measures Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed according to migrant status (migrants vs. non-migrants), age at first migration, length of residency in an urban area and lifetime exposure to an urban area. Results For most risk factors, the migrant group had intermediate levels of risk between those observed for the rural and urban groups. Prevalences, for rural, migrant and urban groups, was 3%, 20% and 33% for obesity and 0.8%, 3% and 6% for type-2 diabetes. This gradient of risk was not observed uniformly across all risk factors. Blood pressure did not show a clear gradient of difference between groups. The migrant group had similar systolic blood pressure (SBP) but lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than the rural group. The urban group had higher SBP but similar DBP than rural group. Hypertension was more prevalent among the urban (29%) compared to both rural and migrant groups (11% and 16% respectively). For HbA1c, although the urban group had higher levels, the migrant and rural groups were similar to each other. No differences were observed in triglycerides between the three groups. Within migrants, those who migrated when aged older than 12 years had higher odds of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome compared to people who migrated at younger ages. Adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic indicators had little impact on the patterns observed. Conclusions The impact of rural to urban migration on cardiovascular risk profile is not uniform across different risk factors, and is further influenced by the age at which migration occurs. A gradient in levels was observed for some risk factors across study groups. This observation indicates that urbanization is indeed
ON THE EMPIRICAL FINDING OF A HIGHER RISK OF POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS: IS RURAL RESIDENCE ENDOGENOUS TO POVERTY?

OpenAIRE

Fisher, Monica G.

2004-01-01

Includes: On the Empirical Finding of a Higher Risk of Poverty in Rural Areas: Is Rural Residence Endogenous to Poverty?:COMMENT, by Thomas A. Hirschl; On the Empirical Finding of a Higher Risk of Poverty in Rural Areas: Is Rural Residence Endogenous to Poverty?: REPLY, by Monica Fisher. Research shows people are more likely to be poor in rural versus urban America. Does this phenomenon partly reflect that people who choose rural residence have unmeasured attributes related to human impoveris...
Agrarian Reform and Rural Development.

Science.gov (United States)

Biswas, Margaret R.

1979-01-01

This paper presents the plight of the world's poor, which was discussed at The World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development in July, 1979. Urban bias is attributed to the failure of rural development. More participation of rural people is needed. Progress is being made. Examples of literary programs in Iraq and the Sudan are included.…
Human transportation needs in rural Oklahoma.

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-01

Mobility is extremely important, especially in rural areas, which have dispersed populations and locations. : This study was conducted among rural minority populations to evaluate human transportation needs of the : underserved rural population in Ok...
Violence and Abuse in Rural America

Science.gov (United States)

... Guide Rural Health Topics & States Topics View more Violence and Abuse in Rural America Violence and abuse ... of harassment, stalking, and bullying? How prevalent is violence and abuse in rural America? According to the ...
Rural science education as social justice

Science.gov (United States)

Eppley, Karen

2017-03-01

What part can science education play in the dismantling of obstacles to social justice in rural places? In this Forum contribution, I use "Learning in and about Rural Places: Connections and Tensions Between Students' Everyday Experiences and Environmental Quality Issues in their Community"(Zimmerman and Weible 2016) to explicitly position rural education as a project of social justice that seeks full participatory parity for rural citizens. Fraser's (2009) conceptualization of social justice in rural education requires attention to the just distribution of resources, the recognition of the inherent capacities of rural people, and the right to equal participation in democratic processes that lead to opportunities to make decisions affecting local, regional, and global lives. This Forum piece considers the potential of place-based science education to contribute to this project.
Estudio del coste-beneficio de un programa de seguimiento a pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular

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Vilanova L,

2012-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN El farmacéutico tiene que demostrar que es capaz de realizar e implementar unos servicios de calidad y su eficiencia antes de poder exigir la financiación de estos servicios. El objetivo general del presente estudio es analizar los costes derivados de la prestación de un servicio de seguimiento para pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular y evaluar la posible eficiencia en el mismo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Para la recogida y análisis de datos se utilizó el programa Cuídate Corazón® (Laboratorios Lácer y para establecer un posible precio al servicio se aplicó la estrategia de Kotler, utilizando el método orientado al coste. Como evaluación de la efectividad del servicio se contabilizaron los RNM detectados al paciente y la aceptación por parte del médico de la intervención del farmacéutico. Se realizó una encuesta para ver el grado de satisfacción del paciente. RESULTADOS El coste por paciente y mes del servicio para cada farmacia resultó ser de 2,48 . Se detectaron 10 RNM de los que en un 78% la intervención farmacéutica fue aceptada por el médico, que hizo cambios en la medicación. El paciente resulta estar muy satisfecho por este servicio, que mejora su percepción del farmacéutico como profesional sanitario y cree que el farmacéutico debe ser remunerado por el servicio. DISCUSIÓN Se considera que se ha generado un valor añadido a la atención del paciente, creando una demanda del servicio prestado. Las farmacias participantes seguirán trabajando con el programa Cuídate Corazón ®, y establecerán una remuneración para el farmacéutico por parte del paciente, ya que se considera que esto responsabiliza al profesional y mejora la implicación del paciente en beneficio de su salud
Rural general practice training: experience of a rural general practice team and a postgraduate year two registrar.

Science.gov (United States)

Scott-Jones, Joseph; Lucas, Sarah

2013-09-01

Undertaking training in rural areas is a recognised way of helping recruit staff to work in rural communities. Postgraduate year two medical doctors in New Zealand have been able to undertake a three-month placement in rural practice as part of their pre-vocational training experience since November 2010. To describe the experience of a rural general practice team providing training to a postgraduate year two medical trainee, and to describe the teaching experience and range of conditions seen by the trainee. A pre- and post-placement interview with staff, and analysis of a logbook of cases and teaching undertaken in the practice. The practice team's experience of having the trainee was positive, and the trainee was exposed to a wide range of conditions over 418 clinical encounters. The trainee received 22.5 hours of formal training over the three-month placement. Rural general practice can provide a wide range of clinical experience to a postgraduate year two medical trainee. Rural practices in New Zealand should be encouraged to offer teaching placements at this training level. Exposure to rural practice at every level of training is important to encourage doctors to consider rural practice as a career.
Lucha de bandos y beneficios eclesiásticos en los encastillamientos de Ciudad Rodrigo (1475-1520

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José Ignacio MARTÍN BENITO

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La rivalidad banderil de los últimos años del siglo XV y los primeros del XVI que enfrentó en Ciudad Rodrigo a los principales linajes de la ciudad, se extendió también al estamento eclesiástico. Los conflictos derivaron muchas veces en asaltos y encastillamientos, esto es, una de las partes se hacía fuerte con armas y gente en el interior de un edificio para resistir la presión del bando contrario. En el fondo lo que estaba en juego era la lucha por el poder civil y militar de la ciudad, así como por la permanencia de encomiendas en determinados monasterios. A ello no eran ajenas tampoco las discrepancias por la jurisdicción eclesiástica, así como por la posesión de beneficios. Águilas y Pachecos, Obispo y Cabildo, así como otros intereses ligados a miembros de la nobleza y del clero protagonizaron dichos sucesos.ABSTRACT: In the late 15th century and the early 16th century, the rivalry among the main noble families in Ciudad Rodrigo also included the clergy. Conflicts often resulted in assaults and encastillamientos, i.e., one of the sides took over a castle and kept arms and people in it to resist pressure from the opposite side. Civil and military powers in town were at stake, as well as life annuities in some monasteries. There was also conflict over the jurisdiction of the church and the possession of endowments. These conflicts were led by Águilas and Pachecos (two noble families, Chapters and Bishops, and other members of the aristocracy and the clergy.
Rural older people had lower mortality after accidental falls than non-rural older people

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Huang JW

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Jen-Wu Huang,1,2 Yi-Ying Lin,2,3 Nai-Yuan Wu,4 Yu-Chun Chen5–7 1Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Yilan, Taiwan; 2Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Department of Pediatrics, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Department of Medical Research and Education, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; 6Faculty of Medicine and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 7Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mortality rate after falls of rural and non-rural older people and to explore the risk factors of mortality after falls among older people. Patients and methods: This population-based case–control study identified two groups from a nationwide claim database (National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan: a rural group and a non-rural group, which included 3,897 and 5,541 older people, respectively, who were hospitalized for accidental falls (The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification: E880–E888 during 2006–2009. Both groups were followed up for 4 years after falls. Four-year cumulative all-cause mortality rate after falls was calculated, and the demographic factor, comorbidity, and medications were considered as the potential risk factors of mortality after falls. Results: The rural group had a significantly higher frequency of fall-related hospitalizations (7.4% vs 4.3%, P<0.001, but a lower 4-year cumulative all-cause mortality rate after falls than the non-rural group (8.8% vs 23.4%, P<0.001. After adjusting for age, gender, comorbidity, and medication use, the rural group had

Active living in rural Appalachia: Using the rural active living assessment (RALA tools to explore environmental barriers

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Adam Hege

2017-12-01

Full Text Available People residing in rural communities are more likely to be physically inactive and subsequently have elevated risks for chronic disease. Recent evidence has shown this could stem from environmental barriers, inadequate programming and policies directed at the promotion of physical activity (PA in rural settings. The objective of this research was to assess active living features in rural towns and townships (n=16 across seven counties in northwestern North Carolina (NC. The study utilized the Town-Wide and Street Segment components of the Rural Active Living Assessment (RALA as well as the 2014 American Community Survey results. The assessments were conducted in the summer of 2016 in the rural Appalachia region of NC. Using the RALA town-wide assessment scoring system (0−100, the range of scores was 18–84, with the mean being 50.06. Three towns had no sidewalks, nine towns had sidewalks on only one side of the main streets, and four had sidewalks on both sides of the main streets. One town was rated as highly walkable, seven towns as moderately walkable, five towns as moderately unwalkable, and three towns as highly unwalkable. The rural Appalachia region of NC offers unique topographic, geographic and environmental barriers to PA. However, our findings indicate many rural towns offer common PA amenities. Future research should utilize qualitative methods and a community-based participatory research approach to more fully understand the challenges with increasing PA in the rural and often isolated Appalachia communities. Keywords: Rural active living assessment (RALA, Health disparities, Physical activity, Rural Appalachia
The Approaches to Narrowing Urban-Rural Income Gap——From the Perspective of Rural Social Security

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2010-01-01

From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers’ income;thirdly,it improves the farmers’ capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers’ consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.
Medicare and Rural Health

Science.gov (United States)

... community has a significant impact on the local economy. In rural areas, Medicare reimbursement is a critical source of that healthcare spending, particularly since the higher percentage of elderly population in rural areas mean that Medicare accounts for ...
Carreras eclesiásticas y redes clientelares en la Castilla bajomedieval: la provisión de beneficios menores en el cabildo de la catedral de Burgos (1456-1470

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Agúndez San Miguel, Leticia

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The nature and evolution of the lower social groups that constituted cathedral chapters is still an unknown aspect of the middle ages in Spain. This evidence has not prevented historiographical notice of the important role of the offices and benefices enjoyed by this large sector of the clergy in their ecclesiastical careers and in the composition of the fortunes of high status clerics. This article sheds light on the status of a large group of prebendaries in the cathedral chapter during the first stage of the episcopate of Luis de Acuña (1456-1495. It analyses the provision and exchange of minor ecclesiastical benefices, which constituted the first step in the chain of promotion of the cursus honorum of Burgos’s ecclesiastical men. Also studied is the role played by the bishop Luis de Acuña as a promoter of a social network among the clergy of the cathedral of Burgos.La naturaleza y evolución de los grupos sociales inferiores que constituyeron los cabildos de las catedrales continúa siendo un aspecto poco conocido de la España medieval. Esta evidencia no ha impedido a la historiografía advertir el papel determinante que los oficios y beneficios disfrutados por este amplio sector del clero jugaron en las carreras eclesiásticas y en la configuración de las fortunas de los miembros capitulares de mayor rango. El presente artículo pretende arrojar luz sobre el estatus del numeroso grupo de los prebendados menores que componían la estructura del cabildo burgalés durante la primera mitad del episcopado de Luis de Acuña (1456-1495. Para ello se analiza el sistema de provisión y permutas de beneficios eclesiásticos menores; primer eslabón de importancia en la cadena de promociones que constituía el cursus honorum de los capitulares burgaleses. Además, se examina el protagonismo del Obispo Acuña como impulsor de una red clientelar entre el clero catedralicio.
Attracting and retaining health workers in rural areas: investigating nurses’ views on rural posts and policy interventions

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Goodman Catherine

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Kenya has bold plans for scaling up priority interventions nationwide, but faces major human resource challenges, with a lack of skilled workers especially in the most disadvantaged rural areas. Methods We investigated reasons for poor recruitment and retention in rural areas and potential policy interventions through quantitative and qualitative data collection with nursing trainees. We interviewed 345 trainees from four purposively selected Medical Training Colleges (MTCs (166 pre-service and 179 upgrading trainees with prior work experience. Each interviewee completed a self-administered questionnaire including likert scale responses to statements about rural areas and interventions, and focus group discussions (FGDs were conducted at each MTC. Results Likert scale responses indicated mixed perceptions of both living and working in rural areas, with a range of positive, negative and indifferent views expressed on average across different statements. The analysis showed that attitudes to working in rural areas were significantly positively affected by being older, but negatively affected by being an upgrading student. Attitudes to living in rural areas were significantly positively affected by being a student at the MTC furthest from Nairobi. During FGDs trainees raised both positive and negative aspects of rural life. Positive aspects included lower costs of living and more autonomy at work. Negative issues included poor infrastructure, inadequate education facilities and opportunities, higher workloads, and inadequate supplies and supervision. Particular concern was expressed about working in communities dominated by other tribes, reflecting Kenya’s recent election-related violence. Quantitative and qualitative data indicated that students believed several strategies could improve rural recruitment and retention, with particular emphasis on substantial rural allowances and the ability to choose their rural location
All Rural Places Are Not Created Equal: Revisiting the Rural Mortality Penalty in the United States

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Objectives. I investigated mortality disparities between urban and rural areas by measuring disparities in urban US areas compared with 6 rural classifications, ranging from suburban to remote locales. Methods. Data from the Compressed Mortality File, National Center for Health Statistics, from 1968 to 2007, was used to calculate age-adjusted mortality rates for all rural and urban regions by year. Criteria measuring disparity between regions included excess deaths, annual rate of change in mortality, and proportion of excess deaths by population size. I used multivariable analysis to test for differences in determinants across regions. Results. The rural mortality penalty existed in all rural classifications, but the degree of disparity varied considerably. Rural–urban continuum code 6 was highly disadvantaged, and rural–urban continuum code 9 displayed a favorable mortality profile. Population, socioeconomic, and health care determinants of mortality varied across regions. Conclusions. A 2-decade long trend in mortality disparities existed in all rural classifications, but the penalty was not distributed evenly. This constitutes an important public health problem. Research should target the slow rates of improvement in mortality in the rural United States as an area of concern. PMID:25211763
Emergence of the notion of retirement in rural China. The case of rural districts of Shanghai.

Science.gov (United States)

Shih-Jiunn, Shi

2008-10-01

Since the outset of the reform process in 1978, rural China has been undergoing fundamental changes in the relationships between the state, society and individuals. Social policy, including pension policy for rural residents, is an essential factor in this transformation process which has influenced the life chances of many peasants. This paper deals with the relationship between social policy and individual life courses in the case of Shanghai's rural pension policy. It integrates the theoretical insights from life course research to emphasise the close relationship between the state welfare and the institutionalisation of the life course. By analysing biographical interviews conducted in rural Shanghai, this article has identified the changing nature of welfare mix in rural old-age security as well as the emergence of the notion of retirement among the peasants in rural Shanghai. The introduction of the innovative rural pension policy has given rise to the rudimentary emergence of a modern life course, in the contour of a temporal partition between work and retirement. However, diverse local subsidies and individual household situations have led to different perceptions and biographical orientations of the peasants with respect to their old-age security and retirement.
Why Rural Matters 2011-12: The Condition of Rural Education in the 50 States. A Report of the Rural School and Community Trust Policy Program

Science.gov (United States)

Strange, Marty; Johnson, Jerry; Showalter, Daniel; Klein, Robert

2012-01-01

"Why Rural Matters 2011-12" is the sixth in a series of biennial reports analyzing the contexts and conditions of rural education in each of the 50 states and calling attention to the need for policymakers to address rural education issues in their respective states. While it is the sixth in a series, this report is not simply an…
Embracing autism in Canadian rural communities.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoogsteen, Lindsey; Woodgate, Roberta L

2013-06-01

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of Canadian parents living in rural areas who were parenting a child with autism. A phenomenological design described by van Manen was applied to guide this study. This study took place in rural communities of Western Canada. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 26 families parenting a child with autism in rural communities. Participants ranged in age from 26 to 50 years old and lived an average of 197 kilometres away from an urban city. Parents of children with autism took part in audio-taped, in-depth interviews. A total of 26 open-ended interviews were completed over four months with an average of 83 minutes per interview. All interviews and field notes were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using van Manen's selective highlighting approach. When describing the characteristics of living rurally while parenting a child with autism, parents reported that the rural community had (i) less of everything, (ii) safety and familiarity, and (iii) a family of support. Parents believed that although there were disadvantages to living in a rural community, parents felt isolated in terms of services but not in terms of the support received by the community. The results of this study add to our knowledge of parenting experiences with attention to the rural experience and furthermore, recommendations for nurses and health care professionals were provided. © 2013 The Authors. Australian Journal of Rural Health © National Rural Health Alliance Inc.
China's rural energy system and management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catania, Peter

1999-01-01

The issues related to rural energy development and the corresponding escalating economic activities have given rise to a complex, interrelationship among societal, economics, energy, environment and rural policies. With 7% of the world's farm land to produce food for 23% of the world's population, combined with the increasing energy demands for modernised farming has resulted in a dynamic rural energy policy for China. This paper discusses the characteristics of a rural society, outlines the relationship for rural energy supply and demand management, and discusses the interrelationship between energy and the environment utilisation. An illustration of the diffusion of biomass as a success story highlights some of the policies related to self-building, self-managing and self-using. Also discussed in this paper are the results of the integrated rural energy-policy, that is, the social benefits to farmers and the decrease of energy consumption per unit of output. Emerging nations must undertake a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of their respective rural energy developments and the corresponding interrelationships between technology, economics and the environment. (Author)
Rural electrification policy and institutional linkages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haanyika, C.M.

2006-01-01

Some of the problems that have besieged rural electrification in most developing countries include inadequate policies, weak institutional frameworks and limited financing. In the last two decades, governments in developing countries have been making various efforts both at the policy level and in financing to facilitate increased levels of rural electrification. However, the introduction of market-based reforms in the power sector in the last decade has affected the institutional and financing arrangements for rural electrification. The reforms have also affected the rate of electrification and affordability of electricity. There is need therefore to establish the extent to which the reforms have affected access and affordability of electricity in rural areas and to develop appropriate policy and the supporting institutional structures to align rural electrification with reformed power sectors. It is cardinal to establish how privatised and commercialised power companies in a reformed power sector could contribute to rural electrification and the role of governments and government agents in facilitating expanded access to electricity in rural areas. (author)
Prácticas psicológicas basadas en la evidencia: beneficios y retos para Latinoamérica

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Alfonso Martínez-Taboas

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta las características medulares de las prácticas psicológicas basadas en la evidencia (PPBE. Enfatiza en que las PPBE son un movimiento internacional, que se ha integrado al abordaje de la salud por gobiernos y una amplia plétora de organizaciones profesionales. La investigación actualizada apunta al hecho que las PPBE usualmente maximizan resultados positivos en muchas poblaciones. Las PPBE plantean la integración de tres variables al momento de realizar una intervención psicológica: (a la utilización de la mejor evidencia disponible, que provee la Psicología para la toma de decisiones, (b considerar las preferencias y características culturales de la población a la cual se dirige la intervención y (c integrar el peritaje y la experiencia profesional del psicólogo. El artículo evalúa las adaptaciones culturales de diferentes PPBE y presenta evidencia que estas intervenciones producen mejores resultados comparados con intervenciones no adaptados. Revisa asuntos fundamentales como la internacionalización del fenómeno de las PPBE, su aplicabilidad y la efectividad en diferentes escenarios y su adaptabilidad con diferentes etnias y razas. Finalmente, se discuten posibles beneficios y barreras de transportar las PPBE a países latinoamericanos. Se utiliza el ejemplo de Puerto Rico para documentar cómo la Psicología puertorriqueña paulatinamente se ha movido por esta línea.
The status of rural garbage disposal

Science.gov (United States)

Qin, Ruqiong; Chen, Hong

2018-01-01

With the development of rural construction and the improvement of the living standard of residents, the production of rural living waste is increasing day by day. These wastes not only pollute the environment, destroy the rural landscape, but also spread disease, threaten the life safety of human beings, and become one of the public hazards. The problem of rural living waste is a major environmental problem facing China and the world. This paper make a summary analysis about the present situation of municipal waste in China, this paper expounds the problems in rural garbage treatment, and in view of status quo of municipal waste in China put forward comprehensive countermeasures.
Valoración económica de los beneficios de programas de recuperación, conservación y Fortalecimiento de los recursos turísticos de las islas flotantes de los Uros - Puno

OpenAIRE

Cacsire Grimaldos, Rubén Arturo

2013-01-01

El hecho innegable es que nuestro departamento cuenta con el más rico legado cultural, arqueológico y fundamentalmente artístico-folklórico del país y de América; expresiones casi mágicas cultivadas y practicadas desde tiempos inmemoriales hasta nuestros días, siendo los Uros el único grupo social que ha mantenido su ancestral mística tradicional y cultural hasta nuestros días. En este escenario, la presente investigación trató de valorar económicamente los beneficios que se pueden generar al...
A Survey of Professional Training and Certification of Rural Administrators and Rural Teachers in New Mexico.

Science.gov (United States)

Tingley, Wayne

Teachers and administrators in rural New Mexico schools and preservice teachers at New Mexico State University were surveyed to determine components that could be included in teacher education programs to augment prospective rural teachers' skills and to ease problems of recruitment/retention of certified personnel in rural schools. Questionnaires…
Rural electrification or village energization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith, D V

1980-03-01

Decentralized power generation using renewable energy resources is more appropriate to the energy needs of the rural Third World. These countries often look to the rural electrification programs of the US and Soviet Union as the answer to their problem even though studies consistently show this to be inefficient and frequently ineffective, often reinforcing existing social and economic inequities. When the uses of energy in rural villages are examined in detail, the only approach which will supply energy to the rural poor must be based on a local and regional match of need to indigenous energy sources and to the development of local talent and enthusiasm. 29 references. (DCK)
Gender, Class and Rurality: Australian Case Studies

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, Lia; Pini, Barbara

2009-01-01

The interrelationship between gender and class in rural spaces has received little attention. While rural scholars have focused on the implications for class from processes of gentrification and agricultural and rural restructuring, these analyses have remained largely ungendered. Similarly, feminist rural studies have rarely explored subjectivity…
Is Romanian Rural Tourism Sustainable? Revealing Particularities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Ruxandra Andrei

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Research on sustainable tourism involves developing an appropriate framework to highlight the interdependences of economic, social and environmental systems. The interdependence is based on the entropy of the system while respecting the principle of holism and diversity of rural tourism sustainability. In this context, sustainability in general and rural tourism in particular can be considered a complex system of development, which in some ways can be studied by statistical and econometric methods that allow the analysis of the interdependences between the variables of rural tourism at county level and at the level of rural communities. Conducting such studies involves identifying the rural communities where rural tourism has reached significant levels. Based on this consideration, this paper aims to identify the development regions and counties of Romania where the trends of development of rural tourism are significantly above the average recorded at country level, as a first step towards particular studies of sustainability in rural communities.
Rural Households

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bruun, Ole

2013-01-01

dependency on state institutions under the Vietnamese transition to a market society. It discusses present poverty definitions and measures by comparing survey data with the formal economic categorization of rural households. Both the overall characteristics of rural society and qualitative data indicate...... that the reforms have set in motion a process by which a mix of new opportunities and increasing pressures creates new winners and losers. Second, the chapter draws attention to the nature of interactions between households, local communities and the Vietnamese state. This shows both potentials and limitations...
Rural general practice training: experience of a rural general practice team and a postgraduate year two registrar

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Scott-Jones J

2013-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Undertaking training in rural areas is a recognised way of helping recruit staff to work in rural communities. Postgraduate year two medical doctors in New Zealand have been able to undertake a three-month placement in rural practice as part of their pre-vocational training experience since November 2010. AIM: To describe the experience of a rural general practice team providing training to a postgraduate year two medical trainee, and to describe the teaching experience and range of conditions seen by the trainee. METHODS: A pre- and post-placement interview with staff, and analysis of a logbook of cases and teaching undertaken in the practice. RESULTS: The practice team's experience of having the trainee was positive, and the trainee was exposed to a wide range of conditions over 418 clinical encounters. The trainee received 22.5 hours of formal training over the three-month placement. DISCUSSION: Rural general practice can provide a wide range of clinical experience to a postgraduate year two medical trainee. Rural practices in New Zealand should be encouraged to offer teaching placements at this training level. Exposure to rural practice at every level of training is important to encourage doctors to consider rural practice as a career.

What Aspects of Rural Life Contribute to Rural-Urban Health Disparities in Older Adults? Evidence From a National Survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, Steven A; Cook, Sarah K; Sando, Trisha A; Sabik, Natalie J

2017-11-29

Rural-urban health disparities are well-documented and particularly problematic for older adults. However, determining which specific aspects of rural or urban living initiate these disparities remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between place-based characteristics of rural-urban status and health among adults age 65+. Data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were geographically linked to place-based characteristics from the American Community Survey. Self-reported health (SRH), obesity, and health checkup within the last year were modeled against rural-urban status (distance to nearest metropolitan area, population size, population density, percent urban, Urban Influence Codes [UIC], Rural-Urban Continuum Codes [RUCC], and Rural-Urban Commuting Area [RUCA]) using generalized linear models, accounting for covariates and complex sampling, overall, and stratified by area-level income. In general, increasing urbanicity was associated with a reduction in negative SRH for all 7 measures of rural-urban status. For low-income counties, this association held for all measures and characteristics of rural-urban status except population density. However, for high-income counties, the association was reversed-respondents living in areas of increasing urbanicity were more likely to report negative SRH for 4 of the 7 measures (RUCC, UIC, RUCA, and percent urban). Findings were mixed for the outcome of obesity, where rural areas had higher levels, except in low-income counties, where the association between rurality and obesity was reversed (OR 1.033, 95%CI: 1.002-1.064). These results suggest that rural-urban status is both a continuum and multidimensional. Distinct elements of rural-urban status may influence health in nuanced ways that require additional exploration in future studies. © 2017 National Rural Health Association.
Attracting and retaining doctors in rural Nepal.

Science.gov (United States)

Shankar, P R

2010-01-01

In Nepal, a number of private sector medical schools have opened recently; although sufficient numbers of doctors are graduating there continues to be a doctor shortage in rural areas. This article analysed the rural doctor shortage in Nepal and reviewed the international literature for strategies that may be suitable for use in Nepal. Original research articles, reviews, magazine articles and project reports dealing with Nepal and other developing countries during the period 1995 to 2010 were sourced via Google, Google Scholar and Pubmed. Full text access was obtained via WHO's HINARI database. The health workforce in Nepal is unevenly distributed resulting in doctor shortages in rural areas. The recent introduction of mandatory rural service for scholarship students was aimed to reduce the loss of medical graduates to developed nations. High tuition fees in private medical schools and low Government wages prevent recent graduates from taking up rural positions, and those who do face many challenges. Potential corrective strategies include community-based medical education, selecting rural-background medical students, and providing a partial or complete tuition fee waiver for medical students who commit to rural service. Traditional healers and paramedical staff can also be trained for and authorized to provide rural health care. A range of strategies developed elsewhere could be used in Nepal, especially community-oriented medical education that involves rural doctors in training medical students. The reimbursement of tuition fees, assistance with relocation, and provision of opportunities for academic and professional advancement for rural doctors should also be considered. Government investment in improving working conditions in rural Nepal would assist rural communities to attract and retain doctors.
Marketing strategy determinants in rural hospitals.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, H L; Haley, D; Piland, N F

1993-01-01

Rural hospitals confront an inauspicious environment due to changes in patient reimbursement and medical practice. Facing a situation of declining revenues, marketing presents an option for rural hospitals to adapt to the growing constraints. This paper analyzes the determinants of marketing strategy emphasis in rural hospitals. The conceptual model adopted in this study predicts that prior performance and contextual variables explain marketing strategy emphasis. The relationships are examined in a case study of rural New Mexico hospitals. Results suggest that prior performance and several contextual variables explain variations in marketing strategy emphasis. In particular, higher gross patient revenues are associated with more emphasis on television and radio advertising. Furthermore, rural New Mexico hospitals with high numbers of licensed beds and medical staff members, or that are affiliated with a chain organization, place greater emphasis on market research and market planning. The implications for marketing practice in rural hospitals are discussed.
Reflections on Beijing Rural Energy Policies and New Rural Construction ——Using Digital Information Means

Science.gov (United States)

Zhi, Wang

2017-05-01

In recent years, the Beijing construction in accordance with the philosophy of environmental protection, solid depth to carry out a series of policies and measures, such as rural energy structure optimization and adjustment; rural residential seismic energy-saving; village green landscaping. If displaying and recording movement states and regulars of the beautiful countryside construction through this information process, It will greatly strengthen regulation of the relationship between new rural people, to realize system optimization, make urban and rural become conducive to human survival and sustainable development of space.
THE RURAL TOURISM IN DANUBE DELTA

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Ionica SOARE

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose - the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the rural areas has market size and forecast its development as an economic activity. The present paper aims at analyzing the rural areas has in Danube Delta. In an enviable BAs which have responsibility for their particular isolated, such as the Danube Delta and the Danube that used, fishing and rural areas has the main activities that provide jobs and income sources for local populations. Design/methodology/approach - A survey was administered to customers’ rural hostel accommodation in Danube Delta. Descriptive statistics method was mainly adopted to calculate the mean with standard deviation of entry assumes variable, and to examine the different levels of consumers' awareness. The index values of product familiarity, the ratio between entries assumes product's familiarity value and the average value. Findings - the research results show hash has rural consumers have different perception and accomplished through behaviour. The information channels of brand hash mainly from friends, relatives and neighbours, so word of mouth spreading is very important for a brand. Women show a higher sensitivity in health and are currently operating the propensity than referred to follow the recommendations for nutrition. Research limitations/implications - This item is intended to synthesize developments and challenges," on June 13th rural market growth has. The results of this paper should be considered tentatively until has also features replicated by larger has rural consumers. Originality/value - members of rural areas has consumer's behavior would improve marketing and the development of rural areas has products, in order to reduce consumer confusion.
The Need and Use the Rural ICT Services in Iranian Rural Areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amir Mozafar Amini

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, Internet access and use of information resources in all human societies are experiencing a rising trend, and different communities are used each with multiple infrastructures due to the benefits of ICT. The present study was based on applied research. In this research, a hybrid approach involving quantitative methods (survey and qualitative (observation, interviews was used. Statistical population of this study consists of two parts, the first part responsible for rural ICT offices, with a population of 125 people using Cochran Formula 80 subjects were selected as first sample, and the second part of the rural of first sample villages with a population of 84,836 people using Cochran formula and randomized-comparative method were studied as second sample. The questionnaire was subjected to reliability testing by using data collection in the pilot study with Cronbach’s Alpha value 0.73 to 0.95 for all variables. SPSS statistical software was used to analysis the data. The results of the study indicate that the overall performance of the agencies providing services to the rural was lower-middle in the offices in banking services has received first place, and the final ranking in the provision of health services. The results of study showed that rural employment, level education and family size effect on the rate of rural ICT offices.
Integrated rural development programs: a skeptical perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruttan, V W

1975-11-01

In examining integrated rural development programs the question that arises is why is it possible to identify several relatively successful small-scale or pilot rural development projects yet so difficult to find examples of successful rural development programs. 3 bodies of literature offer some insight into the morphology of rural development projects, programs, and processes: the urban-industrial impact hypothesis; the theory of induced technical change; and the new models of institutional change that deal with institution building and the economics of bureaucratic behavior. The urban-industrial impact hypothesis helps in the clarification of the relationships between the development of rural areas and the development of the total society of which rural areas are a part. It is useful in understanding the spatial dimensions of rural development where rural development efforts are likely to be most successful. Formulation of the hypothesis generated a series of empirical studies designed to test its validity. The effect of these studies has been the development of a rural development model in which the rural community is linked to the urban-industrial economy through a series of market relationships. Both the urban economy's rate of growth and the efficiency of the intersector product and factor markets place significant constraints on the possibilities of rural area development. It is not possible to isolate development processes in the contemporary rural community in a developing society from development processes in the larger society. The induced technical change theory provides a guide as to what must be done to gain access to efficient sources of economic growth, the new resources and incomes that are necessary to sustain rural development. Design of a successful rural development strategy involves a combination of technical and institutional change. The ability of rural areas to respond to the opportunities for economic growth generated by local urban
Barriers facing junior doctors in rural practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Deborah M

2005-01-01

Early postgraduate, or junior doctors, are still required to practise in rural and remote communities, and they continue to face numerous issues and difficulties. Within the hospital setting, exposure to rural practice appears to be very limited during internship, and also to some extent, during the second postgraduate year and beyond. This is a major issue for those required to undertake country relieving, rural terms or who will be bonded to rural and remote practice for several years after internship. This research investigated the current issues and difficulties faced by junior doctors, required to undertake rural and remote practice in Queensland, Australia. An exploratory study was undertaken. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews held with key stakeholders. Stakeholders included: directors of clinical training; medical educators; junior doctors; rural practitioners; academic rural practitioners; and medical administrators. Of the 23 people approached, a total of 19 agreed to be interviewed. The response rate was 82.6%. Similar to the issues identified in the literature, there are currently a number of barriers influencing the ability of junior doctors to practise competently and confidently when undertaking practice in rural and remote communities. Minimal clinical experience, lack of supervision and on-site support, inadequate orientation and uninformed expectations, limited access to relevant education, and the influence of isolation, results in an overall lack of preparation both professionally and personally. When asked, respondents supported the identification of core skills and knowledge, and integration of these and other issues affecting rural practice, into their hospital-based programs. Current hospital-based education and training programs were not adequately preparing junior doctors for rural and remote practice. It was commented that orientation and education, with a rural emphasis, could assist junior doctors in their
Rural electrification strategies for distributed generation

CERN Document Server

Zerriffi, Hisham

2011-01-01

Small-scale Distributed Generation (DG), which run off diesel generators, could provide electricity to rural communities without an electricity grid. Rural Electrification compares around 20 DG enterprises and projects in Brazil, Cambodia and China, and each is a possible model for distributed rural electrification.
The potentials of rural tourism in developing rural areas in Albania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henrietta Nagy

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The inspiration that drove us to this study is that conventional tourism in Albania is focused more on promoting seaside, cultural tourism, luxury resorts, etc. which has demonstrated a good trend. At the same time, specific parts of the country have been abandoned due to their underdeveloped situation. Given their assets as constructed and indigenous habitat, they progressively appear as regions for rural tourism development. It could provide good development opportunities in remote mountainous areas that every day more are abandoned by the population because they do not have enough employment opportunities. But as for other rural areas which have a great potential for development of rural tourism, they are not preferred by the population either to live because they do not have developed agriculture. They do not provide the opportunity to earn enough money to live on at the appropriate standard. So the development of rural tourism would help the population in such areas to diversify their activities and earn some extra income, motivating inhabitants to stay in their own areas. Overall, it would contribute to the balanced development of the regions of Albania.
Effects of Rural Medical Insurance on Chronically Ill Patients' Choice of the Same Hospital Again in Rural Northern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Ke; You, Daming; Li, Zhendong; Wei, Wei; Mainstone, Mitchell

2018-04-12

The emergence of rural health insurance plays a crucial role in alleviating the pressure on rural medical expenditure. Under the current medical system in northern China, rural medical insurance may reduce the free referral of patients with chronic diseases among hospitals. This study was carried out based on the results of an investigation of rural chronically-ill patients in eight county hospitals in northern China, as well as through the comparison and analysis of patients with chronic diseases, considering whether they were with or without rural health insurance. The main results showed that both age ( χ 2 = 22.9, p rural peoples' willingness to buy health insurance. Meanwhile, both the quality of the hospital's treatment ( B = 0.555, p rural health insurance had weakened the three relationships upon which the aforementioned correlations were based.
Networking the rural community.

Science.gov (United States)

Tiongson, K H; Arneson, S I

1993-04-01

A branch network of affiliate hospitals has been providing home care services to rural North Dakota residents successfully for a decade. Here's how this effective system meets the special challenges that a rural environment poses for hiring, training, scheduling, and supporting home care aides.
HIV/AIDS-related sexual risk behaviors among rural residents in China: potential role of rural-to-urban migration

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xiaoming; Zhang, Liying; Stanton, Bonita; Fang, Xiaoyi; Xiong, Qing; Lin, Danhua

2007-01-01

The relationship between rural-to-urban migration and the spread of HIV is well described, although most studies focus on sexual risk behaviors among rural-to-urban migrants at the urban destination areas. Few studies have examined the sexual risk behaviors of migrants who have returned from urban areas to their rural homes (“return migrants”) in comparison with those of local rural residents who have never migrated to cities (“non-migrants”). This study examines the potential association between rural-to-urban migration and sexual risk behaviors by comparing sexual risk behaviors between 553 return migrants and 441 non-migrants from same rural communities in China. Findings reveal that, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, return migrants in rural areas had higher levels of sexual risk, including unprotected sex, than non-migrants. Among return migrants, sexual risk behaviors were associated with age, gender, marital status, and number of different jobs they had previously held in the cities. These findings underscore the importance for HIV/AIDS education and prevention efforts targeting the migrant population in urban destinations as well as the return migrant population in rural areas. PMID:17967110
Rural Public Transportation: An Instructional Module.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayden, Linda

A concept-based introduction to rural public transportation is provided in this instructional module for undergraduate and graduate transportation-related courses for disciplines such as engineering, business, sociology, and technology. Rural public transportation involves systems in rural and small urban areas with populations under 50,000…
Rural Math Talent, Now and Then

Science.gov (United States)

Howley, Craig B.; Showalter, Daniel; Klein, Robert; Sturgill, Derek J.; Smith, Michael A.

2013-01-01

This article interprets inequality evident at the intersection of three realms: (a) mathematical talent (as a cultural phenomenon); (b) rural place and rural life; and (c) future economic, political, and ecological developments. The discussion explains this outlook on inequality, contextualizes interest in rural mathematics education, presents the…
TOURIST MOTIVATION FOR RURAL DESTINATIONS

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Angela BOTEZATU

2014-04-01

Full Text Available City daily overexertion impels tourists wish to travel. Rural tourism behavior is determined by a set of motivational factors that makes him appreciate favorable tourist destinations. In order to analyze and assess the opinions and attitudes of tourists in rural areas we realized a market survey, the results being presented in the article below. Future trends, the growth rate of market depend largely on the wishes and intentions of goods or services consumers. This study involves the engagement of a number of 658 respondents, which were interviewed to determine the basic motivations in choosing countryside. The working methods used were analysis, synthesis and questionnaire survey as a research method. Results refer to the following: about 59 percent, spend up to 10% of annual income for vacations and travel, for rural tourism this amount is much lower; the association of the term „rural tourism” in the local tourist mind, oscillates among „a villa” in rural areas or „active vacation” (biking, hiking, riding, swimming or hunting; customer loyalty is one of the goals of marketing activities undertaken in hostels or other travel service providers. In conclusion, we mention that the variety of motivational factors in choosing tourist destinations in rural areas drive this type of tourism.
Tourism in rural Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Katrina Church-Chmielowski

2007-01-01

Tourism in rural Alaska is an education curriculum with worldwide relevance. Students have started small businesses, obtained employment in the tourism industry and gotten in touch with their people. The Developing Alaska Rural Tourism collaborative project has resulted in student scholarships, workshops on website development, marketing, small...
Rural Revitalization through Collaboration.

Science.gov (United States)

Norman, Charles

In recent years, service programs targeted for Georgia's rural communities have decreased proportionately in relation to those intended for the state's rapidly expanding population centers. At the same time, erosion of traditional manufacturing industries and an adverse agricultural economy have decreased the ability of rural communities to…
Marketing mix for rural development in Romania

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POLGÁR (DESZKE Klára-Dalma

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The sustainable development supposes a uniformly increasing of living level for the entire population of a nation. The reducing of disparities between the urban and rural regions is a purpose of the rural development policy, as a part of Community Agriculture Policy and also subject of European financing programs. A marketing approach of rural development could ensure an integrated implementation of LEADER program in Romania. This paper defines the components of marketing mix for rural development and their content for Romanian rural development marketing.
Is [Rural] Property Tax Relevant?

OpenAIRE

Villaveces-Niño, Marta-Juanita

2015-01-01

The present document presents the general notions and the definition of property taxation and, as part of it, the working definition of rural property taxation emphasizing that property taxation is a matter of “property” and rural property taxation is linked with rural property, specifically with land ownership. In addition, the document presents some facts about the performance of property taxation based on a secondary source of cross-country analysis. In order to giv...

Improvement Of Rural Off-Farm Energy Use In Nigeria: A Prerequisite For Rural Development And Poverty Alleviation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Umar, B

2002-01-01

In Nigeria, agricultural production takes place predominantly in the rural areas. The development of those areas, therefore, is necessary for the much-coveted rise in agricultural production and poverty alleviation. Development is a natural ally of improved energy use, both on and off-farm. Energy use in rural Nigeria is rudimentary and unimpressive. This paper discusses the existing pattern of energy use in the off-farm sector of rural areas and suggests ways of improvement to alleviate poverty and propel rural development
Areas of rural reservation in Bolivar's South: a proposal of rural territorial reordering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molina Lopez, Luis

2005-01-01

The article describes by means of a methodological process and inside an analysis mark that picks up aspects tried from the perspective of agrarian economy and the human geography, the effects of the public politics of the rural reservations in Bolivar's south, as well as its advances and challenges in the territorial reorganization of the territory. In this context, the document evidences the process of the new territorial configurations, in Bolivar's south, result of a social construction exercised by its own rural communities. In a same way the document presents a brief analysis of the agrarian structure of the rural reservations, and it illustrates the new underlying classification, product of the territorial control that develop the illegal armed groups at the moment. The advances, difficulties and challenges of the rural reservations, are the central axis of the present text, since the figure is presents as an interesting project of public politics, not alone of colonization and of agrarian reformation, but of territorial rural ordination, stiller, when in the country it has not been possible to approve an organic law of territorial classification that involves in an integral way the territorial aspects with the agrarian ones, going outside of the conception of the agrarian things of the strictly agricultural thing
The walk out of the rural kitchen : towards planning energy services for sustainable rural livelihoods in Sudan

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ahmed, Nouralla

2008-01-01

This thesis is about rural energy services, the problems with accessibility and the consequences of their inaccessibility on rural livelihoods in the traditional rural areas of Sudan. The thesis is organised in six chapters. Chapter 1 starts by providing a background to the political and economic
Homo Voluntarius and the Rural Idyll

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svendsen, Gunnar Lind Haase; Svendsen, Gert Tinggaard

2016-01-01

Based on Mancur Olson’s and Robert Putnam’s theories, this article discusses whether it is more difficult to recruit volunteers in urban than in rural areas. We use data from the Danish Rural-Urban Barometer (2011/12), which contains 2000 valid responses from urban and rural respondents. We show...
Exploring the character of rural businesses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Finke, Hanne Bat; Bosworth, Gary

2016-01-01

these assets can create value for ural businesses. Understanding these issues can better inform organisations that are seeking to support the rural economy adn rural communities.It can also guide buisness owners themselves as to how the may benefit from being a part of, or associated with, the rural economy...
Perceptions of rural addictions and related HIV.

Science.gov (United States)

Leukefeld, C G; Godlaski, T

1997-01-01

Rural addictions and related HIV behaviors, including drug use and sexual behaviors, have received limited attention in United States rural areas when compared with urban areas. However, prevalence rates are similar for alcohol and tobacco in rural and urban United States areas. The perception of policymakers and others is generally that drug use and HIV are urban problems, and resources are more likely to be directed to urban areas than rural areas. A major trend for the future is the continued expectation of limited resources for rural areas.
Rural migration and health care

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svendsen, Gunnar Lind Haase; Jensen, Marit Vatn

This literature study focuses on possible links between access to health services and migration in rural areas. Why do people move to or from rural areas or why do they stay? What determines where people settle? And, in this context, do local health care services play an important or minor role......, or no role at all? First, the paper reports on key findings from rural migration studies, in order to shed light on two migration trends: urbanization and counter-urbanization. Then we take a closer look on settlement preferences in rural areas, including the impact of health care facilities. Finally, we end...... up with a more deepgoing review of the relatively small number of studies, which explicitly deal with settlement preferences related to access to health care....
Rural energy - ODA`s perspective

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woolnough, D.

1997-12-01

The Overseas Development Administration has as a goal `to improve the quality of life of people in poorer countries by contributing to sustainable development and reducing poverty and suffering.` Rural energy fits into this goal as a means to an end. The emphasis is firmly on the service provided, with the aim being provision of basic needs as a part of rural development. ODA plays a role in this task on a number of fronts: research and development; support for NGO`s; aid in a bilateral or multilateral form. The view of ODA is that even rural energy projects must emphasize the service provided and must be economically sustainable. Within its sphere of influence, there is a clearly growing position for the employment of rural energy programs.
Local traditions in the development of rural education

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gulløv, John Matthias

This presentation discuss two issues of rural change: 1) cultural reproduction and transformation in the local contex and 2) the importance and effect of schooling and education in rural society, especially how school can support the rural community in times of change.......This presentation discuss two issues of rural change: 1) cultural reproduction and transformation in the local contex and 2) the importance and effect of schooling and education in rural society, especially how school can support the rural community in times of change....
Social aspects of revitalization of rural areas. Implementation of the rural revival programme in lodzkie voivodeship. Assumptions for sociological research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pamela Jeziorska-Biel

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Essential elements of the process of rural renovation programme are: stimulating activity of local communities, cooperation for development, while preserving social identity, cultural heritage and natural environment. Implementing a rural revival programme in Poland: Sectoral Operational Programme “The Restructuring and Modernisation of the Food Sector and the Development of Rural Areas in 2004-2006” (action 2.3 “Rural renovation and protection and preservation of cultural heritage” evokes criticism. A wide discussion is carried amongst researchers, politicians, social activists, and local government practitioners. The main question remains: “is rural renovation process in Poland conducted in accordance with the rules in European countries or it is only a new formula of rural modernisation with the use of European funds?” The authors are joining the discussion and in the second part of the article they are presenting the assumption of sociological research. The aim of the analysis is to grasp the essence of revitalization of rural areas located in Łódzkie voivodeship, and analyse the question of specificity of rural Revival Programmes. What is the scope and manner of use of local capital? If so, are the results obtained from implementing a rural revival programme in 2004-2006 within the scope of sustainable development? What activities are predominant in the process of project implementation? Is it rural modernisation, revitalization of the rural areas, barrier removal and change in Infrastructure, or creation of social capital and subjectivity of the local community? Has the process of rural renovation in Łódzkie voivodeship got the so called “social face” and if so, to what extent? The major assumption is that rural renovation programme in Łódzkie voivodeship relates more to revitalization material aspects than “spirituality”.
Using the integrated rural mobility and access (IRMA) approach in prospering rural South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Chakwizira, J

2008-11-01

Full Text Available settlements implications of current rural development approaches are outlined. The potential and impact of the integrated rural mobility and access approach (IRMA) in unlocking socio-economic and spatial livelihood opportunities are discussed. In this regard...
Mejora integral de la minería del oro a pequeña escala, Bolivia

OpenAIRE

Freixas Berenguer, Anna

2016-01-01

La minería del oro artesanal y en pequeña escala representa una fuente muy importante de ingresos para los mineros y sus familias en las comunidades rurales, sobretodo porque las alternativas económicas son excesivamente limitadas. Sin embargo, los métodos de extracción y procesado del oro que usan los mineros carecen de conocimientos, tecnologías, cultura preventiva, planificación, seguridad y buenas infraestructuras, por lo que se suele perder mucho beneficio y además con un ...
Enfermedades de la pobreza, enfermedades tropicales desatendidas

OpenAIRE

Pecoul, Bernard; Alvarado, J.

2014-01-01

Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs) se caracterizan por su altísima incidencia en países de renta baja haciendo bueno el nefasto ciclo pobreza-enfermedad-pobreza. Las ETDs son ajenas al mundo occidental por lo que no son consideradas prioritarias, pero tampoco lo son para los gobiernos de los países endémicos al afectar a las poblaciones rurales sin voz política. Los escasos beneficios que proporcionan los medicamentos para estas enfermedades las hacen poco atractivas para la inve...
Welfare service in rural areas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard, Helle

Many rural municipalities are challenged due to overall population decline and demographic changes and thus need to make adjustment to municipal services. Demographic profiles are central for assessing both needs, place bound resources and development potential of individual localities.Assessment......Many rural municipalities are challenged due to overall population decline and demographic changes and thus need to make adjustment to municipal services. Demographic profiles are central for assessing both needs, place bound resources and development potential of individual localities.......Assessment of development potential for individual localities using a place-based approach is in line with EU policies for rural development thereby setting a competitive framework for local development. This paper addresses place bound approaches in relation to service adjustment and discusses how local resources...... and place bound potentials are identified and how they are addressed in plans for future development. The paper draws on a study on service adjustments in rural municipalities in Denmark examining how service adjustments e.g. closing of local schools are decided, how they are managed by rural communities...
Rural transportation emergency preparedness plans.

Science.gov (United States)

2009-07-01

Improving the emergency preparedness of rural transportation systems is the overall goal of this research. Unique characteristics exist in rural transportation systems including widely dispersed and diverse populations and geographic areas. Exploring...
Rural Design Ethics Based on Four Dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jiaxin; Zhu, Li

2017-12-01

China has a large rural area with a large population, whose architectural features, natural landscape, organizational structure and industrial structure are very different from that of cities. In the past, the contradictory between city and rural areas in China had negative effects on rural construction, resulting in a slow development. The excessive focus on city design has led to the neglect of rural design. Blindly using the concept and method of city design to renewed the countryside is a kind of destruction to the countryside, and also wastes a lot of construction resources. Design is influenced by ethical concepts, which needs to pay more attention to the culture tendency and society. Urban design makes theoretical investigation aiming at the ethical questions that emerged from city, then summarizes the design strategies of the city. While Chinese rural design has only begun to enter people’s horizon, and there is very little discussion about it. Due to the lack of ethical value guidance, Chinese rural design and construction has many problems at different levels of ecology, culture and industry. Therefore this paper primarily explores the domestic and foreign design ethics, attempting to provide a new perspective for Chinese rural design, aiming at finding a realistic and forward-looking solution for Chinese rural design concerning to the complex relation between city and rural areas.
Measuring participant rurality in Web-based interventions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

McKay H Garth

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Web-based health behavior change programs can reach large groups of disparate participants and thus they provide promise of becoming important public health tools. Data on participant rurality can complement other demographic measures to deepen our understanding of the success of these programs. Specifically, analysis of participant rurality can inform recruitment and social marketing efforts, and facilitate the targeting and tailoring of program content. Rurality analysis can also help evaluate the effectiveness of interventions across population groupings. Methods We describe how the RUCAs (Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes methodology can be used to examine results from two Randomized Controlled Trials of Web-based tobacco cessation programs: the ChewFree.com project for smokeless tobacco cessation and the Smokers' Health Improvement Program (SHIP project for smoking cessation. Results Using RUCAs methodology helped to highlight the extent to which both Web-based interventions reached a substantial percentage of rural participants. The ChewFree program was found to have more rural participation which is consistent with the greater prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in rural settings as well as ChewFree's multifaceted recruitment program that specifically targeted rural settings. Conclusion Researchers of Web-based health behavior change programs targeted to the US should routinely include RUCAs as a part of analyzing participant demographics. Researchers in other countries should examine rurality indices germane to their country.
Impact of rural health development programme in the Islamic Republic of Iran on rural-urban disparities in health indicators.

Science.gov (United States)

Aghajanian, A; Mehryar, A H; Ahmadnia, S; Kazemipour, S

2007-01-01

By 1979 50 years of uneven development and modernization by governments prior to the Islamic Revolution had left rural parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran with extremely low economic and health status. This paper reports on the impact of the rural health development programme implemented as an effective and inexpensive way to improve the heath of the rural population, especially mothers and children. It describes the system of rural health centres, health houses and community health workers (behvarz) and demonstrates the effectiveness of the programme through declining measures of rural-urban disparities in health indicators. The implications of inexpensive rural health policies for other countries in the region such as Afghanistan and Central Asian countries with a similar sociocultural structure are discussed.
75 FR 41695 - Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program; Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-19

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7 CFR Part 4280 RIN 0570-AA71 Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program; Correction AGENCY: Rural Business-Cooperative Service, USDA. ACTION... of rural microenterprises. This document has an incorrect definition of ``nonprofit entity...
Ad Hoc Rural Regionalism

Science.gov (United States)

Hamin, Elisabeth M.; Marcucci, Daniel J.

2008-01-01

A new regionalism has been much documented and researched for metropolitan areas; this article documents that there is a new rural regionalism as well. In the United States, these groups appear most likely to emerge in areas that are challenged by outcomes characterizing globalization's effects on the rural condition: namely, exurban or…

Innovative Mechanism of Rural Organization Based on Self-Organization

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2011-01-01

The paper analyzes the basic situation of the formation of innovative rural organizations with the form of self-organization;reveals the features of self-organization,including the four aspects of openness of rural organization,innovation of rural organization far away from equilibrium,the non-linear response mechanism of rural organization innovation and the random rise and fall of rural organization innovation.The evolution mechanism of rural organization innovation is revealed according to the growth stage,the ideal stage,the decline and the fall stage.The paper probes into the basic restriction mechanism of the self-organization evaluation of rural organization from three aspects,including target recognition,path dependence and knowledge sharing.The basic measures on cultivating the innovative mechanism of rural organization are put forward.Firstly,constructing the dissipative structure of rural organization innovation;secondly,cultivating the dynamic study capability of rural organization innovation system;thirdly,selecting the step-by-step evolution strategy of rural organization innovation system.
A Vanishing Rural School Advantage? Changing Urban/Rural Student Achievement Differences in Latin America and the Caribbean

Science.gov (United States)

Luschei, Thomas F.; Fagioli, Loris P.

2016-01-01

In 1997, a cross-national assessment of educational achievement in Latin America and the Caribbean found that rural schools in Colombia outperformed urban schools in tests of reading and mathematics, except in very large cities. Given a long history of urban/rural inequality in the region, Colombia's rural school advantage attracted substantial…
The Quest for Rural Sustainability in Russia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen K. Wegren

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Rural depopulation and the disappearance of villages in rural Russia occurred as part of the historical process of urbanization and industrialization. Rural depopulation also occurred for structural reasons having to do with village location, and for behavioral reasons whereby villagers react to primitive living conditions and poor economic prospects. Three possible strategies for addressing the problem of sustainable villages are considered. The government is attempting to improve rural living conditions, but rural depopulation is likely to continue. Characteristics of sustainable villages are outlined. Agro-tourism is analyzed for its potential to support sustainable villages.
Forests, timber and rural livelihoods

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Christian Pilegaard; Pouliot, Mariève; Marfo, Emmanuel

2015-01-01

Based on detailed income data of 478 rural households, the nexus between forest, trees and rural livelihoods in Ghana is investigated and applied to assess implications of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) between the EU and Ghana on illegal logging. It is found that, after crops...... and benefits to trees on farm and fallow land to those occupying and cultivating the land. Such efforts would provide incentive for timber production and thus enhance rural livelihoods, while combatting illegal logging, deforestation and forest degradation....
Environmental resources and poverty in rural communities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Charlery, Lindy Callen

, is to be sustainably realized. However, most datasets on rural livelihoods do not accurately account for environmental income and therefore cannot answer this question. The Poverty Environment Network (PEN) project was initiated specifically to address this issue in the assessment of rural livelihoods in developing......D study focuses on answering two main research questions: 1) What is the importance of environmental income in assessments of poverty and poverty dynamics in rural forest reliant communities? and 2) What are the impacts of infrastructural development, in the form of rural roads, on rural household income......Over the last two decades, the burgeoning empirical evidence on the importance of forests and environmental resources to rural livelihoods in developing countries has attracted the attention of policy makers aiming to develop and implement strategies for reducing poverty and improving livelihoods...
Empowering Rural Women through Mobile Services

Science.gov (United States)

Nagarajan, P.; Jiji, G. Wiselin

2010-01-01

This paper is intended as a gender issue to the rural finance practitioners. It highlights the questions that need to be asked and addressed to the gender mainstream. It will also be useful to gender experts to wish to increase their understanding on specific gender issues in rural finance through mobile services. It focuses on rural microfinance…
Substance Abuse in Rural Areas

Science.gov (United States)

... challenges for rural communities: Behavioral health and detoxification (detox) services are not as readily available in rural ... the supplemental services necessary for positive outcomes. Detoxification (detox) services, for example, provide the initial treatment for ...
Interface between urban and rural

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brandt, Jesper

2007-01-01

Counterurbanisation combined with recent trends in agricultural technology has resulted in a ‘multifunctional countryside regime', raising new questions on the relation between nature and land use in rural areas and between very different values and interests developing in these areas. Indicators...... for new trends in rural landscapes have been related to a model for urban pressure on rural areas in Denmark however without any convincing results. A model for the historical development of a typical Danish village has been made, to see if the socially differentiated process of counterurbanisation can...... be related to the differentiation in the development of different types of village developments. Such a model can elucidate the potentials of a multifunctional landscape as a basis for a varied and and attractive fulfilment of human needs in an urban-rural continuum....
Quantification of rural livelihood dynamics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walelign, Solomon Zena

role in lifting poor out poverty which could be due to restricted access to more remunerative environmental resources, (ii) the developed approach for livelihood clustering (combining household income and asset variables using regression models) outperform both existing income and asset approaches (iii......Improved understanding of rural livelihoods is required to reduce rural poverty faster. To that end, this PhD study quantified rural livelihood dynamics emphasizing (i) the role of environmental resources use in helping rural households to escape poverty, (ii) development of a new approach...... households. Two groups of attrite households were identified: ‘movers’ (households that left their original location) and ‘non-movers’ (households that still resided in the same location but were not interviewed for different reasons). The findings revealed that (i) total environmental income had a limited...
Racism and Health in Rural America.

Science.gov (United States)

Kozhimannil, Katy B; Henning-Smith, Carrie

2018-01-01

This commentary responds to the recent article by Dr. James et al. on racial and ethnic health disparities in rural America, published in the November 16 issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. We applaud Dr. James and colleagues for their important contribution uncovering intra-rural racial and ethnic disparities and build on their paper by discussing potential mechanisms, including structural racism. We also discuss several pragmatic steps that can be taken in research, policy, and practice to address racial and ethnic disparities in rural communities and to work toward health equity for all rural residents.
Development Strategy for Mobilecommunications Market in Chinese Rural Area

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Liwei; Zhang, Yanjun; Xu, Liying; Li, Daoliang

Based on full analysis of rural mobile communication market, in order to explore mobile operators in rural areas of information services for sustainable development model, this paper presents three different aspects, including rural mobile communications market demand, the rural market for mobile communications business model and development strategies for rural mobile communications market research business. It supplies some valuable references for operators to develop rural users rapidly, develop the rural market effectively and to get access to develop a broad space.
Rural energetic troubles in Ecuador

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barriga, A

1994-01-01

The present work presents a general situation of Ecuador, its demand of Energy, programs of electrification rural, energy requirements in the hydroelectric rural sector, central sector built in Ecuador and the priorities of energy use
Degradación microbiana de cianuro procedente de plantas de beneficio de oro mediante una cepa nativa de P. fluorecens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

OSCAR JAIME RESTREPO

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El cianuro es el compuesto lixiviante más utilizado en la industria metalúrgica de metales preciosos. El cianuro presenta efectos nocivos, entre los que se destacan su alta toxicidad y su efecto inhibitorio en la respiración celular. En este trabajo se probó la alternativa biotecnológica de degradar cianuro empleando una cepa nativa de P. fluorescens, aislada a partir de muestras de arenas procedentes de plantas de beneficio de oro que utilizan la cianuración ubicadas en municipio de Segovia, Colombia. En la mayor parte de las plantas de tratamiento no se controlan técnicamente los procesos, lo cual lleva a la utilización de cantidades de NaCN por encima de las necesarias, generando altas descargas del exceso tanto en solución como en las arenas descartadas. Las pruebas de toxicidad realizadas con D. pulex indican que una concentración de cianuro mayor o igual a 54 ppm es suficiente para intoxicar e inhibir su sobrevivencia. Los tratamientos convencionales para degradación de cianuro, suelen ser muy comunes y eficientes, sin embargo presentan desventajas por el alto costo que conlleva la compra de los reactivos necesarios. El tratamiento microbiano por su parte, demuestra eliminar grandes cantidades de cianuro de una manera eficiente y económica.
43 CFR 404.58 - Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006 have to comply with the requirements in this rule... RECLAMATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RECLAMATION RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM Miscellaneous § 404.58 Do rural water projects authorized before the enactment of the Rural Water Supply Act of 2006 have to comply with...
Rural Idyll Without Rural Sociology? Changing Features, Functions and Research of the Czech Countryside

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šimon, Martin; Bernard, Josef

2016-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 1 (2016), s. 53-68 ISSN 1232-8855 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-10602S Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : rural areas * rural idyll * Czechia Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.722, year: 2016
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eleonora Kirieieva

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Reformation of the economy of Ukraine today determines the necessity of development of the agrarian sector as a cornerstone of economic growth. Transformational processes contribute to the increase in gross output of agricultural production, export capacity building of the branch but, unfortunately, it has little effect on the socioeconomic development of rural areas and raising the level of well-being of the rural population. Underdevelopment of social infrastructure of rural areas especially significantly affects the quality of life in rural areas. Most of the Ukrainian villages are lacking preschool institutions, schools, medical outpatient clinics, emergency medical services, and other centres of social infrastructure. Living conditions in rural areas remain unfavourable. As a consequence, a need arises to search for a complex approach to the solution of problems of rural development, which is based on principles of sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to study the state of rural areas in Ukraine and Vinnytsia region based on the use of SWOT-analysis and to determine perspective tools for the further promotion of rural development. Methodology. When writing the article, the authors used a monographic method with the purpose of revealing cause-and-effect relations; an economic-statistical method for the analysis of a number of population; a graphical method for building schemes and diagrams; conclusions and recommendations are formulated by using abstract-logical method; methods of analysis and synthesis are used for conducting SWOTanalysis. Results. As a result of conducted research, approaches of foreign and domestic scientists to the definition of “rural areas” are studied and, on its basis, the authors present the main signs peculiar to rural areas and propose the author’s definition for a category of “rural areas.” Research of the modern state of rural areas on the basis of using SWOT-analysis is done
Rural settlements dynamics and the prospects of densification strategy in rural Bangladesh.

Science.gov (United States)

Alam, A F M Ashraful; Asad, Rumana; Enamul Kabir, Md

2016-01-01

Given the year on year decrease of rural farmland and various forms of land degradation through the intrusion of non-farm land uses, the government of Bangladesh has drafted the agrarian reform strategies, primarily to protect the agricultural land from encroachment, conversion, and indiscriminate use. The draft Agricultural Land Protection and Land Use Bill since its inception in 2011 is facing serious uncertainties of implementation due to its borrowed nature from the developed contexts and inadequacy to recognize the local complexities. With a particular focus on the densification component of the draft bill, a semester-long design studio was conducted in consultation with the existing villagers to explore the practicability of the draft bill in the villages of Tetultala and Chhoygharia in the south-western coastal Bangladesh. The findings from the two villages hint that in Bangladesh, the unique and evolving nature of rural settlements dynamics that are disintegrating the rural society from farming practices and the farmland, thereby, unsettling the traditional village-morphology. The settlements dynamics vary from those of the western context; hence, there is an emerging need to build locally situated knowledge towards a feasible rural land reform.
Confronting Challenges at the Intersection of Rurality, Place, and Teacher Preparation: Improving Efforts in Teacher Education to Staff Rural Schools

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amy Price Azano

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Recruiting and retaining highly qualified teachers in rural schools is a persistent struggle in many countries, including the U.S. Salient challenges related to poverty, geographic isolation, low teacher salaries, and a lack of community amenities seem to trump perks of living in rural communities. Recognizing this issue as a complex and hard to solve fixture in the composition of rural communities, we sought to understand how teacher preparation programs might better prepare preservice teachers for successful student teaching placements and, ideally, eventual careers in rural schools. In this study, we explore teacher candidates’ perceptions of rurality while examining how specific theory, pedagogy, and practice influence their feelings of preparedness for working in a rural school. Using pre- and post- questionnaire data, classroom observations, and reflections, we assess the effectiveness of deliberate efforts in our teacher preparation program to increase readiness for rural teaching. In our analysis and discussion, we draw on critical and sociocultural theories to understand the experiences of a cohort of teacher candidates as they explore personal histories, the importance of place, expectations, and teaching strategies for rural contexts. While rural education researchers have long lamented the struggle to recruit and retain teachers, there is relatively little known about intentional efforts to prepare teachers specifically for rural classrooms. We conclude our article with recommendations for enhancing teacher preparation programs in ways that might result in significant progress toward the goal of staffing rural schools with the highly skilled teachers all students deserve.
Distribution of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in rural field, rural village and urban areas of northern China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Wei; Wang, Chen; Wang, Hongqijie; Chen, Jiwei; Yuan, Chenyi; Li, Tongchao; Wang, Wentao; Shen, Huizhong; Huang, Ye; Wang, Rong; Wang, Bin; Zhang, Yanyan; Chen, Han; Chen, Yuanchen; Tang, Jianhui; Wang, Xilong; Liu, Junfeng; Coveney, Raymond M.; Tao, Shu

2014-01-01

Atmospheric PM 10 were measured for 12 months at 18 sites along a 2500 km profile across northern China. Annual mean PM 10 concentrations in urban, rural village, and rural field sites were 180 ± 171, 182 ± 154, and 128 ± 89 μg/m 3 , respectively. The similarities in PM 10 concentrations between urban and rural village sites suggest that strong localized emissions and severe contamination in rural residential areas are derived from solid fuels combustion in households. High PM 10 concentrations in Wuwei and Taiyuan were caused by either sandstorms or industrial activities. Relatively low PM 10 concentrations were observed in coastal areas of Dalian and Yantai. Particulate air pollution was much higher in winter and spring than in summer and fall. Multiple regression analysis indicates that 35% of the total variance can be attributed to sandstorms, precipitation and residential energy consumption. Over 40% of the measurements in both urban and rural village areas exceeded the national ambient air quality standard. Highlights: • Spatial distribution of PM 10 concentrations in northern China was investigated. • High levels of PM 10 in rural villages were caused by solid fuel emission. • A strong seasonality with high levels of PM 10 in spring and winter was observed. • Influence of sandstorm, energy consumption, and precipitation were evaluated. • Over 40% of the measurements exceeded the national ambient air quality standard. -- PM 10 concentrations in rural villages of China were comparable with those in the cities, indicating severe air pollution in the rural villages caused by coal and biofuel combustion
Mixed embeddedness and rural entrepreneurship

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ferguson, Richard; Gaddefors, Johan; Korsgaard, Steffen

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of development in rural areas. Some studies have shown that in-migrants and returnees are overrepresented among rural entrepreneurs, and that their entrepreneurship might be more important for local development than the efforts of local entrepreneurs, at least...... in terms of economic value creation. Other studies have shown that local embeddedness is a significant source of opportunities for rural entrepreneurs, yet at the same time, over-embeddedness can inhibit entrepreneurial activities. These contrasting studies suggest that some form of mixed embeddedness...

Choice and the cost and benefit analysis of one solar system of renewable energy for the Tepozan Park; Seleccion y analisis costo-beneficio de un sistema de energia renovable para el parque Tepozan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez P, J. Manuel A; Sheinbaum P, Claudia [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

This article is about the choice process and the cost and benefit analysis of one solar photovoltaic system for the Tepozan Park, which is a space of ecoturism and ecological education, it is at the Tlalpan District in Mexico, D.F. According to this objective, we start with an introduction related to general conditions in the Park and we talk about the energy requirement. Next, the method for the better option choice is shown, this is based on decision analysis of Kepner and Tregoe. The choice option is evaluated according to the main financial tools of the Cost and Benefit Analysis private evaluation. This shows the decision analysis including issued about ecology. Finally, we add a point for the result synthesis, so we can have a complete approach in order to choice a renewable energy. As conclusion is shown the most important costs and benefits, thinking on future decisions about operation and maintenance of the system. [Spanish] En este articulo se presenta el proceso de seleccion y analisis Costo-Beneficio de un sistema de energia solar fotovoltaica para las instalaciones del Parque Tepozan, un espacio de ecoturismo y educacion ambiental, ubicado en la delegacion Tlalpan de Mexico, D.F. Para ello, se da una introduccion de las condiciones generales del parque y de los requerimientos de energia. Posteriormente se presenta un apartado del metodo para la seleccion de la alternativa mas adecuada, sustentado en un analisis de decisiones. La alternativa seleccionada, se somete a una evaluacion de los principales criterios de la evaluacion privada derivada del Analisis Costo Beneficio, con lo que se ilustra el proceso de toma de decision, incluyendo los factores de impacto ambiental. Finalmente, se incorpora un apartado de sintesis de resultados, para aportar un panorama completo en cuanto a la operacion y mantenimiento del sistema dentro del parque.
Rural tourism on the territory of Krasnodar region

OpenAIRE

VOLKOVA TATIANA ALEKSANDROVNA; PUNKO INGA MERABOVNA; ZHULIKOV ANTON ANDREEVICH; KHODYKINA MARIA FEDOROVNA; PONOMARENKO ANASTASIA ANDREEVNA

2016-01-01

Active development of rural tourism on the territory of Krasnodar region helps solve two quite important tasks: diversification of tourist product within the region’s territory and development of rural area; rise in the living standards of rural population at the expense of new jobs, increase of the prestige of living in rural area, development of general infrastructure as well as enhancement of investment attractiveness of the village. Functional departmentalization within rural tourism unio...
Detención Precoz de Estudios Clínicos Randomizados: ¿Beneficio para los pacientes o para el investigador?: Sobrestimación de resultados, Reglas de Detención y Comités de Monitorización de Datos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Candia

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Los estudios clínicos randomizados detenidos precozmente por beneficio son cada vez más frecuentes en la literatura médica. La detención precoz se fundamenta en la necesidad ética de ofrecer rápidamente una intervención beneficiosa a toda la población en riesgo, especialmente a los pacientes que son parte de grupo control del estudio. A pesar que la detención se fundamenta en análisis que demuestran beneficio estadísticamente significativo, se sabe que los estudios truncados precozmente tienen riesgo de detectar diferencias que realmente no existen. Este fenómeno se produce porque habitualmente estos estudios son de pequeño tamaño muestral y están sustentados en análisis estadísticos repetitivos, realizados a medida que se reclutan los pacientes. El lector debe ser capaz de detectar estos estudios e identificar las herramientas para disminuir el riesgo de error y sesgo. El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar a conocer las herramientas disponibles para disminuir el riesgo, las estrategias estadísticas para sostener una adecuada detención temprana de un estudio, los comités de monitorización externa de los datos, la evidencia que sustentan estas afirmaciones y las iniciativas que se están llevando a cabo para cuantificar el riesgo y eventualmente ofrecer una solución.
Turismo rural en Cataluña. Estrategias empresariales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brunet, Ignasi

2008-04-01

Full Text Available In the present article we expose the findings of a research that aims to reveal the nature of the strategies of rural business creation. These strategies are situated according to the unequal social position and the connection with the rural world of rural tourism entrepreneurs. In accordance with their social and professional position in the rural habitat, we have identified three types of owner operators: a farmers, b professionals with no agricultural activity and c neo-rurals. These types are explained by the processes of deagriculturalisation and a differentiation between agriculture and tourism. We emphasize that the motive for the development of rural tourism is property ownership and fundamentally originates from those who have been able to take advantage of the deagriculturalisation process and the new distribution of property resulting from the rural exodus that has occurred in the region during the last few decades.

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación que trata de analizar la naturaleza de las estrategias de creación de negocios rurales. Estas estrategias las situamos en relación a la desigual posición social y conexión con el mundo rural de los empresarios de turismo rural. De acuerdo con su situación social y profesional en el mundo rural hemos identificado tres tipos de propietarios de establecimientos turísticos: a granjeros-ganaderos; b profesionales sin actividades agrícolas o ganaderas; c neorrurales. Esta tipología de propietarios se explica por el proceso de desagrarización y de diferenciación entre agricultura y turismo. Enfatizamos que el motivo para el desarrollo de establecimientos de turismo rural es la propiedad de patrimonio por parte de aquellos que pueden beneficiarse del proceso de desagrarización y de la nueva distribución de la propiedad rural fruto del exodo rural que ha ocurrido en la región durante las últimas décadas.
Leadership development for rural health.

Science.gov (United States)

Size, Tim

2006-01-01

Leadership is the capacity to help transform a vision of the future into reality. Individuals who can and will exercise leadership are like a river's current--a part past where we now stand, a part yet to come. We have an ongoing need to remember and to look toward the next "generation." A key responsibility of those here now, is to mentor and to create structures for mentoring, in order to maximize the flow and effectiveness of tomorrow's leaders. When recruiting organizational leaders, the recruitment and interview process must seek individuals who in addition to technical competence, also have demonstrated leadership in their prior work and activities. To exercise effective leadership, we must work to know who we are, how we relate to others, and the environment around us. "Servant leadership" is a perspective held by many throughout the rural health community and offers a key set attributes of leadership useful to rural health. To implement the Institute of Medicine's recommendations in Through Collaboration: the Future of Rural Health, we must develop leaders skilled in collaboration, both internal to their organization and across organizations. The National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services had it right when they said to the Secretary and to the rest of us, "the best way to honor Jim is to consciously work to help develop the next generation of rural health leaders." There are, of course, a multitude of leadership institutes, programs, and courses throughout America; this is not a call for yet another separate entity. But it is a call to each of us in rural health to assure that we are deliberate in how we identify "emerging leaders from and for rural communities and provide them with the training and resources to play a lead role in ensuring access to quality healthcare in their states and communities." Let's get started.
Rural women's health

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Thurston, Wilfreda E; Leach, Belinda; Leipert, Beverly

2012-01-01

... about reduction of government funding and access to health care, and about the shortage of new volunteers to replace them when they burn out. These are a few of the stories told in the chapters of this book. This ground-breaking collection of essays identifies priority issues that must be addressed to ensure rural women's well-being, and offers innovative ideas for improvement and further research. Rural women play a critical role within their families and communities, and the health of these wome...
Libyan intuitive for rural electrification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibrahim, I. M. Saleh; Kreama, N. M.; Khalat, M. A.

2006-01-01

One of the obstacles in rural electrification is choosing the type of the electric source which best fits rural areas technically, socially, and economically. Renewable sources can be used to electrify rural areas. Rural electrification in Libya by photovoltaic systems in a national program which is devoted to electrify isolated villages, as part of this program the installation of 300 systems was started at the beginning of the year 2003 with a total power of 400 K Wp, the sizes of stand alone systems are 1.8 K Wp, 1.2 K Wp, 0.75 K Wp, and 0.15 K Wp, beside a hybrid system of diesel and PV. The systems was designed to supply different family needs a total of 5000 inhabitants will benefit from this project. In this paper we will introduce the rural photovoltaic electrification in Libya program, company the performance of three different PV sizes through the first two years of working. The systems performing well and with performance ratio much more than the deigned, very little power failure was reported, and there are social and technical issues to be addressed before, and after the installation of the PV system.(Author)
Monitoring of standalone photovoltaic systems applied to rural electrification areas; Avaliacao de desempenho e identificacao de falhas em sistemas fotovoltaicos isolados aplicados a eletrificacao rural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado-Neto, L. V. B.; Cabral, C. V. T.; Oliveira-Filho, D.; Diniz, A. s. A. C.

2004-07-01

The sustainability of standalone photovoltaic systems passes through an accompaniment of the systems installed in the field. To subsidize this accompaniment it had been developed procedures for monitoring a similar system in laboratory. The standalone photovoltaic system monitored is similar to the systems installed by Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais - CEMIG in the schools of isolated communities, inside the Solar Light Program. The system was simulated and the aims were to optimize the project and carry out a comparative study with the monitored results. The assembly procedure of the facility consisted of the implantation of the sensors, installation of acquisition boards and development of the monitoring program. The results presented here will allow the development of a program of preventive maintenance of the systems installed by CEMIG. (Author)
Energy, environment and sustainable rural development

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Best, G [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (Italy)

1992-12-01

This paper addresses the energy needs of the three quarters of the World's population living in the rural populations of many developing countries whose daily struggle to obtain the energy needed for survival is unaffected by international energy politics. It aims to identify energy-related actions in certain policy and technical areas which may contribute to ending rural poverty. The mutual benefits of a transition to modern technologies is stressed both for rural and urban groups, especially in terms of a more efficient use of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources such as biomass or solar power. Recommendations for sustainable rural and agricultural development are made. (UK)
L’interaction urbain-rural : une problématique renouvelée Urban-rural interaction revisited

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Vandermotten

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La distinction entre l’urbain et le rural était claire sous l’Ancien Régime, dans des sociétés peu mobiles. La révolution industrielle accentue l’identification entre la ville, l’industrie et la modernité. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le développement du transport routier affranchit l’industrie des localisations urbaines et la périurbanisation progresse. En même temps, l’accroissement des productivités agricoles libère de plus en plus de main-d’œuvre paysanne. Après deux siècles au moins d’exode rural, les campagnes se rurbanisent, mais cette rurbanisation s’inscrit dans un contexte global de mégapolisation. Cette configuration devrait imposer une nouvelle appréciation des rapports entre l’urbain et le rural, en ce compris leurs rapports politiques.The distinction between urban and rural was clear under the Ancien Régime, as societies featured a low level of mobility. The industrial revolution increased the identification between cities, manufacturing and modernity. After the Second World War, growing road traffic freed industries from urban locations and suburbanisation thus increased. Simultaneously, the increase in food productivity required fewer and fewer agricultural workers. After more than two centuries of rural exodus, rurbanisation transformed rural areas, even as this very process of rurbanisation should be seen as part of a global megapolization process. This pattern implies new kinds of relations between the rural and the urban, including from a political point of view.
Effects of Electronic Media Advertising on Rural Banking in Ghana: A Study of Unity Rural Bank Limited, Ho Ghana

OpenAIRE

Israel Kofi Nyarko

2013-01-01

Advertising which uses electronic energy to transmit information to the end user is called electronic media advertising. It appears as TV, radio, internet. The objective of this study is to establish the contribution of electronic media advertising to rural banking in Ghana. Hitherto, studies have covered advertising rural banks; the outcome of this study will help reveal contributions of electronic media ads to rural banking. Questionnaires were administered to 350 rural bank customers in Ho...
Rural tourism: the content, features and types

OpenAIRE

Yuriy Onoyko

2017-01-01

Despite the active development of rural tourism in Ukraine, this phenomenon is still under scientific study nowadays, which has been manifested by the uncertainty of the key terms; by the lack of clear boundaries, which can separate this type of tourism from other types of tourism activities; by debates about the essence and types of rural tourism. After analyzing the available information the author offers own generalized definition of rural tourism. Rural tourism is a specific entertaining ...
Learning maternity: the experiences of rural nurses.

Science.gov (United States)

MacKinnon, Karen

2010-03-01

Two research studies explored rural nurses' experience with the provision of maternity care in rural British Columbia, Canada. Frontline nurses, managers, and health-care providers were interviewed and their practices observed. One of the main challenges identified by rural nurses was ensuring that a knowledgeable/skilled maternity or perinatal nurse was always available at the local hospital. Learning how to provide safe and supportive maternity care is difficult for nurses working in small rural hospitals today due to declining birth rates, increased workloads, and a decrease in opportunities for mentoring. Decisions about the allocation of time off and resources for rural nurses' continuing professional education (CPE) were structured by discourses of personal responsibility for "continuing competence." These institutional work processes increase the burden on rural nurses, negatively affecting their opportunities for CPE and their experiences of providing maternity care, with implications for both patient safety and nurse retention.
Innovative Mechanism of Rural Organization Based on Self-Organization

OpenAIRE

Wang, Xing jin; Gao, Bing

2011-01-01

The paper analyzes the basic situation for the formation of innovative rural organizations with the form of self-organization; revels the features of self-organization, including the four aspects of openness of rural organization, innovation of rural organization is far away from equilibrium, the non-linear response mechanism of rural organization innovation and the random rise and fall of rural organization innovation. The evolution mechanism of rural organization innovation is reveled accor...
Impact of the rural health development programme in the Islamic Republic of Iran on rural-urban disparities in health indicators.

Science.gov (United States)

Aghajanian, A; Mehryar, A H; Ahmadnia, S; Kazemipour, S

2008-01-01

By 1979, 50 years of uneven development and modernization by governments prior to the Islamic Revolution had left rural parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran with extremely low economic and health status. This paper reports on the impact of the rural health development programme implemented as an effective and inexpensive way to improve the heath of the rural population, especially mothers and children. It describes the system of rural health centres, health houses and community health workers (behvarz) and demonstrates the effectiveness of the programme through declining measures of rural-urban disparities in health indicators. The implications of inexpensive rural health policies for other countries in the region such as Afghanistan and central Asian countries with a similar sociocultural structure are discussed.
Smoking and heavy drinking patterns in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: the PERU MIGRANT Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Taype-Rondan, Alvaro; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Alvarado, Germán F; Gilman, Robert H; Smeeth, Liam; Miranda, J Jaime

2017-02-03

Previous studies have found mixed results about cigarette and alcohol consumption patterns among rural-to-urban migrants. Moreover, there are limited longitudinal data about consumption patterns in this population. As such, this study aimed to compare the smoking and heavy drinking prevalence among rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrants in Peru, as well as the smoking and heavy drinking incidence in a 5-year follow-up. We analyzed the PERU MIGRANT Study data from rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrant populations in Peru. The baseline study was carried out in 2006-2007 and follow-up was performed five years later. For the baseline data analysis, the prevalence of lifetime smoking, current smokers, and heavy drinking was compared by population group using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). For the longitudinal analysis, the incidence of smoking and heavy drinking was compared by population group with risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate both PRs and RRs. We analyzed data from 988 participants: 200 rural dwellers, 589 migrants, and 199 urban dwellers. Compared with migrants, lifetime smoking prevalence was higher in the urban group (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.64-3.20), but lower in the rural group (PR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31-0.99). Compared with migrants, the urban group had a higher current smoking prevalence (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.26-4.16), and a higher smoking incidence (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.03-7.34). Current smoking prevalence and smoking incidence showed no significant difference between rural and migrant groups. The prevalence and incidence of heavy drinking was similar across the three population groups. Our results show a trend in lifetime smoking prevalence (urban > migrant > rural), while smoking incidence was similar between migrant and rural groups, but higher in the urban group. In addition, our results suggest that different
Smoking and heavy drinking patterns in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: the PERU MIGRANT Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvaro Taype-Rondan

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Previous studies have found mixed results about cigarette and alcohol consumption patterns among rural-to-urban migrants. Moreover, there are limited longitudinal data about consumption patterns in this population. As such, this study aimed to compare the smoking and heavy drinking prevalence among rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrants in Peru, as well as the smoking and heavy drinking incidence in a 5-year follow-up. Methods We analyzed the PERU MIGRANT Study data from rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrant populations in Peru. The baseline study was carried out in 2006–2007 and follow-up was performed five years later. For the baseline data analysis, the prevalence of lifetime smoking, current smokers, and heavy drinking was compared by population group using prevalence ratios (PR and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI. For the longitudinal analysis, the incidence of smoking and heavy drinking was compared by population group with risk ratios (RR and 95% CI. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate both PRs and RRs. Results We analyzed data from 988 participants: 200 rural dwellers, 589 migrants, and 199 urban dwellers. Compared with migrants, lifetime smoking prevalence was higher in the urban group (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.64–3.20, but lower in the rural group (PR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31–0.99. Compared with migrants, the urban group had a higher current smoking prevalence (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.26–4.16, and a higher smoking incidence (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.03–7.34. Current smoking prevalence and smoking incidence showed no significant difference between rural and migrant groups. The prevalence and incidence of heavy drinking was similar across the three population groups. Conclusions Our results show a trend in lifetime smoking prevalence (urban > migrant > rural, while smoking incidence was similar between migrant and rural groups, but higher in the
Will Learning Social Inclusion Assist Rural Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Marchant, Jillian

2013-01-01

Current research on social networks in some rural communities reports continuing demise despite efforts to build resilient communities. Several factors are identified as contributing to social decline including globalisation and rural social characteristics. Particular rural social characteristics, such as strong social bonds among members of…
Chinas Rural-Urban Migration: The Structure and Gender Attributes of the Floating Rural Labor Force

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guifen Luo

2006-01-01

On a more general level, the results of the study suggest that market-oriented economic reform brought about diverse effects on Chinese women in terms of labor market status. Though the institutional barriers put Chinese female rural workers in a position of disadvantage, the performance of female rural-urban migrant workers suggests that they are active beings rather than passive victims merely adapting to the social transformation. Female rural-urban migrant workers have been and still are playing important and speci? c roles at the crossover between the emerging capitalist economy and the traditional rural society. In doing so they are positive participants of globalization in a wider development perspective.
La gestión de la calidad en Perú: un estudio de la norma ISO 9001, sus beneficios y los principales cambios en la versión 2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edmundo Lizarzaburu Bolaños

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Debido a la gran relevancia que tiene la gestión de calidad en la actual coyuntura internacional, el presente trabajo de investigación revisa y analiza la más destacada norma en esta materia: la ISO 9001. En el documento, se establecen los orígenes y la evolución del término calidad. Este se define mediante la descripción de la familia de normas. Se identifican también su estructura y los principios sobre los que se basa. A partir de lo anterior, como un resultado adicional del trabajo, se detallan los beneficios cualitativos y cuantitativos que la norma brinda a las empresas que se adscriben a la misma. Por último, se establecen las principales modificaciones que incorporara la nueva ISO 9001 versión 2015.

Effectiveness of Botswana's policy on rural electrification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ketlogetswe, C.; Mothudi, T.H.; Mothibi, J.

2007-01-01

Rural areas, the world over, are characterised by low levels of connectivity to electrical energy, despite the fact that electricity has been universally acknowledged as one of the most important propellant for community and national development. Botswana is not immune to this trend. Consequently, available evidence puts the overall level of electrical connectivity in Botswana rural areas to just 12%. A plethora of factors are responsible for inhibiting high levels of access to electrical energy by rural communities. Some major impediments often cited as causing ineffective energy provision to rural-based communities include, among others, the following: (a)geographical set-ups of the concerned communities; (b)inappropriately conceived energy policies; (c)low-income status of most rural inhabitants. This paper, therefore, examines Botswana's policy on energy supply with the view to confirm or deny any correlation between the above factors and the low-levels of electrical connectivity in the country's rural communities, as well as many others that may have impacted on this state of affairs. The policy is evaluated by undertaking a comparative study of its implementation on two seemingly geographical contrasting rural communities within the country
The value of cooperatives in rural electrification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yadoo, Annabel; Cruickshank, Heather

2010-01-01

The electricity sectors of many developing countries underwent substantial reforms during the 1980s and 1990s, driven by global agendas of privatization and liberalization. However, rural electrification offered little by way of market incentives for profit-seeking private companies and was often neglected. As a consequence, delivery models for rural electrification need to change. This paper will review the experiences of various rural electrification delivery models that have been established in developing countries, including concessionary models, dealership approaches and the strengthening of small and medium-sized energy businesses. It will use examples from the USA, Bangladesh and Nepal, together with a detailed case study of a Nepali rural electric cooperative, to explore the role that local cooperatives can play in extending electricity access. It is shown that although there is no magic bullet solution to deliver rural electrification, if offered appropriate financial and institutional support, socially orientated cooperative businesses can be a willing, efficient and effective means of extending and managing rural electricity services. It is expected that this paper will be of particular value to policy-makers, donors, project planners and implementers currently working in the field of rural electrification.
Rural electrification. Utilities' chafe or challenge?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zomers, A.N.

2001-01-01

The majority of people living in developing countries do not have access to electricity and most of these two billion people live in rural areas. Social and political pressure to supply power to these areas will increase and the question will not be whether these areas will get electricity, but when. This book contains a comprehensive analysis of rural electrification programmes implemented in both industrialised and developing countries. The impact of current developments and trends on the approach to rural electricity supply in these countries is also examined. The author has identified a number of critical success factors for rural electrification, such as a politically and socially stable environment, an appropriate electrification process, support from the international community, and a utility organisation based on decentralisation and operational autonomy. The broad handling of the subject makes this book useful to utility managers, development agencies, academics, and others involved in the electrification of rural and remote areas refs
Assessment of rural energy resources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rijal, K.; Bansal, N.K.; Grover, P.D.

1990-01-01

This article presents the methodological guidelines used to assess rural energy resources with an example of its application in three villages each from different physiographic zones of Nepal. Existing energy demand patterns of villages are compared with estimated resource availability, and rural energy planning issues are discussed. Economics and financial supply price of primary energy resources are compared, which provides insight into defective energy planning and policy formulation and implication in the context of rural areas of Nepal. Though aware of the formidable consequences, the rural populace continues to exhaust the forest as they are unable to find financially cheaper alternatives. Appropriate policy measures need to be devised by the government to promote the use of economically cost-effective renewable energy resources so as to change the present energy usage pattern to diminish the environmental impact caused by over exploitation of forest resources beyond their regenerative capacity
Supervivencia campesina y conservación de la naturaleza: Santuario del Cerro Pelón (Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca), El Capulín, México

OpenAIRE

MARÍA ESTELA OROZCO HERNÁNDEZ

2008-01-01

En la investigación se identificó al Capulín como uno de los lugares, cuyo potencial para el desarrollo del turismo de naturaleza es aprovechado a través de una organización colectiva y una distribución comunitaria. Sin embargo este tipo de actividad económica no se ha consolidado como una alternativa de desarrollo rural sustentable, debido a que la conciencia ambiental de los propietarios de los recursos naturales depende de los apoyos financieros externos y de los beneficios económicos rec...
The Impact of Tobacco Consumption on Rural Household Expenditure and Self-rated Health Among Rural Household Members in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Changle; Supakankunti, Siripen

2018-03-26

To estimate how tobacco consumption affects household expenditure on other goods and services in rural China and to assess the tobacco consumption affects self-rated health among rural household members in China. A Seemingly Unrelated Regression was used to assess the impact of tobacco consumption on rural household expenditure. To detect tobacco consumption causing heterogeneity in self-rated health among adults in rural China, this study employed a random effects generalized ordered probit model. 2010-2014 China Family Panel Studies was used for the analysis. The data set included 3,611 households and 10,610 adults in each wave. Tobacco consumption households assign significantly lower budget shares to food, health care, dress, and education in rural China. Moreover, self-rated health factor has a significantly positive coefficient with respect to non-smokers and ex-smokers, that is, when the individuals is a non-smoker or ex-smoker, he/ she will be more likely to report his/her health status as positive. The first analysis showed that tobacco consumption crowds out expenditures on food, dress, health care, and education for rural households in China, and the second analysis indicated that non-smokers and ex-smokers are more likely to report their health status as better compared with last year. The results of the present study revealed that Chinese policymakers might consider controlling tobacco consumption since tobacco control can improve not only rural household welfare but also rural household members' health status. Therefore, the tobacco tax policy and brief clinical interventions by the doctor should be implemented in rural China.
Light in Rural Schools, polyclinics and police detachment : inventory of 210 rural units, energetic and socio economics review; Luz para Escuelas, policlinicas y destacamentos policiales rurales: relevamiento de 210 unidades rurales, evaluacion energetica y socioeconomica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santiago Silva, T [Red fotovoltaica Latino-Europea patrocinada por CC.EE. (Uruguay)

1994-07-01

With the aim to the future solar installations system in the rural area it has been done a report about 210 rural units placed in: Rivera, Tacuarembo, Salto, Paysandu, Florida, Flores, Lavalleja, Durazno, Cerro largo y Rio Negro departments.
Rural and historical tourism in Dobrugea

OpenAIRE

Sima, Elena

2014-01-01

By its geographical location, the rural area from Dobrudgea has a diversified tourism potential, provided by the contrasting natural environmental factors, ranging from the oldest to the youngest relief units, natural protected areas, balneary resources and cultural, historical, religious sites, as well as multicultural local customs and traditions of the rural area. This potential can be used under various forms in the rural area: cultural tourism, historical tourism, religious tourism, ecot...
Rural and historical tourism in Dobrogea

OpenAIRE

Sima, Elena

2014-01-01

By its geographical location, the rural area from Dobrudgea has a diversified tourism potential, provided by the contrasting natural environmental factors, ranging from the oldest to the youngest relief units, natural protected areas, balneary resources and cultural, historical, religious sites, as well as multicultural local customs and traditions of the rural area. This potential can be used under various forms in the rural area: cultural tourism, historical tourism, religious tourism, ecot...
Place branding, embeddedness and endogenous rural development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Donner, Mechthild; Horlings, Lummina; Fort, Fatiha; Vellema, Sietze

2017-01-01

This article deals with place branding on the regional scale, in the rural context of food and tourism networks in Europe. Place branding is linked to the concepts of endogenous rural development, territory and embeddedness, by analysing how the valorisation of specific rural assets takes shape.
Effect of medicare payment on rural health care systems.

Science.gov (United States)

McBride, Timothy D; Mueller, Keith J

2002-01-01

Medicare payments constitute a significant share of patient-generated revenues for rural providers, more so than for urban providers. Therefore, Medicare payment policies influence the behavior of rural providers and determine their financial viability. Health services researchers need to contribute to the understanding of the implications of changes in fee-for-service payment policy, prospects for change because of the payment to Medicare+Choice risk plans, and implications for rural providers inherent in any restructuring of the Medicare program. This article outlines the basic policy choices, implications for rural providers and Medicare beneficiaries, impacts of existing research, and suggestions for further research. Topics for further research include implications of the Critical Access Hospital program, understanding how changes in payment to rural hospitals affect patient care, developing improved formulas for paying rural hospitals, determining the payment-to-cost ratio for physicians, measuring the impact of changes in the payment methodology used to pay for services delivered by rural health clinics and federally qualified health centers, accounting for the reasons for differences in historical Medicare expenditures across rural counties and between rural and urban counties, explicating all reasons for Medicare+Choice plans withdrawing from some rural areas and entering others, measuring the rural impact of proposals to add a prescription drug benefit to the Medicare program, and measuring the impact of Medicare payment policies on rural economies.
Rural Teacher Identity and Influencing Factors in Western China

Science.gov (United States)

Mingren, Zhao; Shiquan, Fu

2018-01-01

The quality of rural teachers is a key factor affecting the quality of rural education. A better understanding of rural teachers is the basis for strengthening their development. It is possible to obtain a more holistic understanding of rural teachers' work and life through their identity. Based on a wealth of case-based information, rural teacher…
Rural Young People and Society: A Crisis of Attitudes

Science.gov (United States)

Gur'ianova, M. P.

2013-01-01

Research on rural youth in Russia shows that keeping qualified and ambitious young people in the rural economy will require creating conditions for young people to exercise initiative in the rural economy and diminishing the gap in quality of life between rural and urban environments. Only in this way can the pessimism of rural youth be overcome.
Vulnerabilidad laboral de la mujer rural latinoamericana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime de Pablo Valenciano

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda el estudio de la situación laboral de las mujeres rurales en los países latinoamericanos. Las mujeres rurales son uno de los grupos sociales más vulnerables en el ámbito laboral latinoamericano, debido a su baja participación laboral, a la categorización ocupacional mayoritaria como trabajadoras por cuenta propia y familiar no remunerado y a índices de feminización positivos. Pero sus posibilidades de mejorar su condición de vulnerabilidad social laboral se centra principalmente en el Empleo Rural No Agrario (ERNA, con gran potencial en el desarrollo rural, y al apoyo legislativo en cuanto al acceso a los bienes de tierra. Frente al proceso de urbanización es necesario implementar políticas públicas que tengan en cuenta la existencia de las mujeres rurales como trabajadoras en el ámbito rural y diseñar medidas de ayuda especialmente dirigidas a este colectivo.
Energia Renovable para Centros de Salud Rurales (Renewable Energy for Rural Health Clinics)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jimenez, T.; Olson, K.

1999-07-28

Esta es la primera de una serie de guias de aplicaciones que el Programa de Energia de Villas de NREL esta comisionando para acoplar sistemas comerciales renovables con aplicaciones rurales, incluyendo agua, escuelas rurales y micro empresas. La guia esta complementada por las actividades de desarrollo del Programa de Energia de Villas de NREL, proyectos pilotos internacionales y programas de visitas profesionales.
METHODOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF RURAL ECONOMY RESEARCH FROM NEORURALISM STANDPOINT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nataliia Kutsmus

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study is to summarize the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the essence of the notion ‘rural economics’ and to reason that multifunctionality is a precondition of stable development. The methodology of research is based on a systematic approach, according to which rural economics is considered to be an open type of social and economic system that transforms exogenous and endogenous potential of rural territories into a certain level of rural development. The methodology of rural economic development is based on the following methodological approaches: economic, ecological, social and institutional, each one of which completes the idea of interdependence of rural economics and its territorial basis, i.e. rural area. The subject of study is a scientific-theoretical and applied principles of rural economy development. The results of the study demonstrate that agro-centric model of rural economics, the development of which focuses on formation and support of goods safety, is being displaced by multifunctional model in conditions of strengthening of human-centric priorities of the social development. Contents of this model lies in the perception of the rural economy as a diversified, multifunctional socio-economic system, whose development aimed at the welfare of the rural population. As the goal of rural economies is ensuring high welfare standards of the rural population, providing interconnection problems in the functioning of the system of rural development policy. It’s proved that the sustainable development of the rural economy it provides for the implementation of the set of economic and socially important function that displays the development of socio-economic system beyond the actual production and contributes to its focus on material and non-material welfare of the rural population. Qualitative changes in the properties of the rural economy aiming at self-development and self
Developing rural palliative care: validating a conceptual model.

Science.gov (United States)

Kelley, Mary Lou; Williams, Allison; DeMiglio, Lily; Mettam, Hilary

2011-01-01

The purpose of this research was to validate a conceptual model for developing palliative care in rural communities. This model articulates how local rural healthcare providers develop palliative care services according to four sequential phases. The model has roots in concepts of community capacity development, evolves from collaborative, generalist rural practice, and utilizes existing health services infrastructure. It addresses how rural providers manage challenges, specifically those related to: lack of resources, minimal community understanding of palliative care, health professionals' resistance, the bureaucracy of the health system, and the obstacles of providing services in rural environments. Seven semi-structured focus groups were conducted with interdisciplinary health providers in 7 rural communities in two Canadian provinces. Using a constant comparative analysis approach, focus group data were analyzed by examining participants' statements in relation to the model and comparing emerging themes in the development of rural palliative care to the elements of the model. The data validated the conceptual model as the model was able to theoretically predict and explain the experiences of the 7 rural communities that participated in the study. New emerging themes from the data elaborated existing elements in the model and informed the requirement for minor revisions. The model was validated and slightly revised, as suggested by the data. The model was confirmed as being a useful theoretical tool for conceptualizing the development of rural palliative care that is applicable in diverse rural communities.
Rural Neighborhood Walkability: Implications for Assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Kegler, Michelle C; Alcantara, Iris; Haardörfer, Regine; Gemma, Alexandra; Ballard, Denise; Gazmararian, Julie

2015-06-16

Physical activity levels, including walking, are lower in the southern U.S., particularly in rural areas. This study investigated the concept of rural neighborhood walkability to aid in developing tools for assessing walkability and to identify intervention targets in rural communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physically active adults (n = 29) in rural Georgia. Mean age of participants was 55.9 years; 66% were male, 76% were white, and 24% were African American. Participants drew maps of their neighborhoods and discussed the relevance of typical domains of walkability to their decisions to exercise. Comparative analyses were conducted to identify major themes. The majority felt the concept of neighborhood was applicable and viewed their neighborhood as small geographically (less than 0.5 square miles). Sidewalks were not viewed as essential for neighborhood-based physical activity and typical destinations for walking were largely absent. Destinations within walking distance included neighbors' homes and bodies of water. Views were mixed on whether shade, safety, dogs, and aesthetics affected decisions to exercise in their neighborhoods. Measures of neighborhood walkability in rural areas should acknowledge the small size of self-defined neighborhoods, that walking in rural areas is likely for leisure time exercise, and that some domains may not be relevant.
En busca de tinterrillos. Intermediarios en el mundo indígena ecuatoriano durante el siglo XX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Becker

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo aborda el papel de los abogados semiprofesionales, conocidos como tinterillos, en las comunidades indígenas de la sierra ecuatoriana, a partir de mediados del siglo XIX, quienes adquirieron una presencia aparentemente ubicua en las comunidades rurales del Ecuador. Muchas veces los tinterillos fueron parte de las elites locales con algo de educación. Inspiraban respeto entre los indígenas (quienes en su mayoría eran analfabetos debido a su habilidad de manejar documentos escritos. Estos intermediarios comúnmente explotaron su posición privilegiada para beneficio propio económico, social y político. Sin embargo, los indígenas llegaron a depender del apoyo de los tinterillos para denunciar ante el gobierno los abusos de los terratenientes. En ocasiones, en lugar de sentirse impotentes o víctimas, los indígenas aprendieron a negociar su relaciones con esos intermediarios para su beneficio. El estudio de los tinterillos permite examinar las relaciones de poder que se negociaron entre diferentes culturas y a través de profundas divisiones de clase.
Changing Rural Paradigms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høst, Jeppe Engset

2016-01-01

In this article I will review the historical, cultural and social formation of rural development policies in Denmark and situate these in a Scandinavian context. The review is based on a reading of commission reports, law documents and texts produced by the planners and scholars involved...... paradigm” (OECD 2006) and its implications for ethnological scholars and practitioners of today. In the “new rural paradigm”, bottom-up processes, “place-bound” cultural and historical values are highlighted as essential to local development. This of course empowers the ethnologists, but also put us...

25 años de estudios rurales 25 years of rural studies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Bengoa

2003-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan los desplazamientos que han ocurrido en las cuestiones referidas a la agricultura y el mundo rural, en América Latina, en los últimos veinte y cinco años. En pocos ámbitos del conocimiento social, los temas referidos a estas áreas se han desplazado muy profundamente, tanto es así que la lectura de textos que fueron de la mayor trascendencia en los años sesenta hoy en día no son, con excepciones, otra cosa que asuntos de interés para el análisis de la historia de las ideas. Al revisar la literatura uno se encuentra ante debates que hoy suenan pasados de moda, sin importancia actual e incluso desmedidos. Más aún la inercia de los estudios actuales conduce a pensar en una falta de renovación y ausencia de nuevas miradas, por lo que es necesario el ejercicio de la crítica. En este artículo se ensaya la hipótesis, que en este período se ha producido la pérdida de autonomía de la cuestión y sociedad rural y que surge, o debiera surgir, una nueva mirada hacia estas temáticas en busca de comprender el sentido que aún tiene y seguirá teniendo "lo rural" en nuestras sociedades. La cuestión rural sigue siendo importante, y lo será crecientemente, pero ahora no quizá como sistema de producción o como sociedad diferenciada, sino como fuente y fuerza simbólica e identitaria para las sociedades que se encaminan a un proceso de globalización acelerado, anclándolas en sus profundidades culturales. Probablemente será una referencia a relaciones de convivencia, sistemas de pertenencia, sustrato de relaciones primarias, quizá las únicas proveedoras de sentido frente a la acción colectiva globalizada.This article examines the displacements that have taken place in issues regarding agriculture and the rural world in Latin America in the last 25 years. In a few areas of social knowledge the theme related to such matters has been greatly displaced. Reading the 1960s' highly transcendent texts is relevant
Understanding Contexts of Family Violence in Rural, Farming Communities: Implications for Rural Women's Health

Science.gov (United States)

Wendt, Sarah; Hornosty, Jennie

2010-01-01

Research on family violence in rural communities in Australia and Canada has shown that women's experience of family violence is shaped by social and cultural factors. Concern for economic security and inheritance for children, closeness and belonging, and values of family unity and traditional gender roles are factors in rural communities that…
Rural development--national improvement.

Science.gov (United States)

Malhotra, R C

1984-05-01

Rural development should be viewed as the core of any viable strategy for national development in developing countries where an average 2/3 of the population live in rural areas. Rural development is multisectoral, including economic, sociopolitical, environmental, and cultural aspects of rural life. Initially, the focus is on the provision of basic minimum needs in food, shelter, clothing, health, and education, through optimum use and employment of all available resources, including human labor. The development goal is the total development of the human potential. The hierarchy of goals of development may be shown in the form of an inverted pyramid. At the base are basic minimum needs for subsistence whose fulfillment leads to a higher set of sociopolitical needs and ultimately to the goal of total developmentand the release of creative energies of every individual. If development, as outlined, were to benefit the majority of the people then they would have to participate in decision making which affects their lives. This would require that the people mobilize themselves in the people'ssector. The majority can equitably benefit from development only if they are mobilized effectively. Such mobilization requires raising the consciousness of the people concerning their rights and obligations. All development with the twin objectives of growth with equity could be reduced to restructuring the socioeconomic, and hence political relationships. Desinging and implementing an intergrated approach to rural development is the 1st and fundamental issue of rural development management. The commonly accepted goals and objectives of a target group oriented antipoverty development strategy include: higher productivity and growth in gross national product (GNP); equitable distribution of the benefits of development; provision of basic minimum needs for all; gainful employment; participation in development; self reliance or self sustaining growth and development; maintenance of
Análisis costo-beneficio del control de vectores en la transmisión potencial de dengue Cost-benefit analysis of vector control in areas of potential dengue transmission

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Pablo Wenceslao Orellano

2008-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el costo-beneficio de una intervención de control de mosquitos adultos con fumigación, junto con actividades de control de formas inmaduras de Aedes aegypti, para evitar la transmisión en una situación de alto riesgo. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis de costo-beneficio desde una perspectiva social. Se comparó una intervención para el control de mosquitos adultos y formas inmaduras contra una hipótesis de no-intervención, de enero a abril de 2007, en la ciudad de Clorinda, Argentina. Se consideraron los costos directos y los beneficios indirectos e intangibles, estandarizados a dólares internacionales (I$ utilizando la paridad de poder adquisitivo. Se asumió una incidencia de 50 casos de dengue por 1 000 habitantes en la hipótesis de no-intervención. RESULTADOS: De enero a abril de 2007 se presentaron 176 casos de dengue en Clorinda, pero sólo cinco fueron autóctonos. El valor presente neto fue de I$ 196 879 en la estrategia de aplicación de control, mientras que en la de no aplicación se calculó en I$ -106 724, lo que significaría un ahorro de I$ 303 602 (I$ 6,46 por habitante con la intervención. El análisis de sensibilidad evidenció que, con más de 1 363 casos de dengue (incidencia total de 29 por 1 000 habitantes y un caso de dengue hemorrágico, la intervención es costo-benéfica. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados sugieren que el control vectorial, incluyendo la fumigación para mosquitos adultos, debe evaluarse en situaciones de alto riesgo de transmisión como una alternativa costo-benéfica en países no endémicos.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cost-benefit of an intervention utilizing fumigation against adult mosquitoes along with actions to control immature Aedes aegypti to prevent transmission in a high-risk area. METHODS: A cost-benefit analysis was performed from the social perspective. A program to control both adult mosquitoes and immature forms was compared to a non-intervention hypothesis
Sustainable Development of New Rural Finance in China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

NIE Yong

2012-01-01

Rural finance is the weakest link in China’s financial system. There are still many problems in the traditional rural finance, such as poor business conditions, imperfectly competitive financial markets, and credit information asymmetry; the phenomenon of farmers’ loans difficulty has not been fundamentally changed. In order to improve the current situation of rural finance, the state proposes to develop new rural finance and innovate upon rural financial system. The new rural finance has many good development advantages, such as adequate information, flexible operation, and good potential quality of the assets. It is necessary to innovate upon financial products and services, establish the purpose of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers, strengthen the supervision of credit, and improve the financial infrastructure construction, so as to achieve sustainable developments.
Rural workload: study performed in two rural environments in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Laurelize Pereira Rocha

2016-05-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze loads resulting from the rural work of fruit and vegetable farmers. This exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with 259 farm workers from two rural environments. A semi-structured questionnaire based on the concepts of NASA-TLX was used to assess workload. The male and female workers of one environment reported that the demand that contributed the most to their workload was the level of total effort, while the women of the other environment reported that the physical demand was more relevant for WL. In conclusion, evidence concerning workload supports further investigation into the health of rural workers and the development of preventive strategies related to rural work.
COMMUNICATION AND RURAL DEVELOPEMENT: A MODEL FOR ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The failure in developemental endeavours in the rural areas of Africa does not stem substantially from the lack of funds. Rather, other factors conspire to make rural development a difficult task. One of these factors is communication. This paper examines the role of communication in the process of rural development.
Planning for rural energy system: Part 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devadas, V.

2001-01-01

This paper discusses the central importance of energy inputs in development, and presents the complex interactions within subsystems that contribute a Rural Energy System. This paper also brings about the importance of the primary data for realistic renewable energy planning at the micro level in a given rural system. Factors that render secondary data somewhat inadequate for such applications are discussed. The differences between energy related data from secondary and primary sources in respect of representative villages in Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India, are detailed. A rural system model for computing the output from various components of a rural system is also presented. This projection is made by making use of a set of technical coefficients, which relate the inputs to the outputs from individual segments of the rural production system. While some of the technical coefficients are developed based on previously published data, a large number have been quantified on the basis of careful survey. The usefulness of the model is discussed. The paper also presents a Linear Programming Model for optimum resource allocation in a rural system. The objective function of the Linear Programming Model is maximizing the revenue of the rural system where in optimum resource allocation is made subject to a number of energy and non-energy related relevant constraints. The model also quantifies the major yields as well as the byproducts of different sectors of the rural economic system. (Author)
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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Inna Tomashuk

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the research is to study problems of rural development management, to analyse the effectiveness of management of the resource potential of rural areas, and to study the socio-economic priorities of their development, as well as to determine the justified ways of their solution in modern conditions. Methodology. The system approach to studying the development of rural areas makes it possible to consider components in the relationship between themselves and interaction with components of other systems. The state, problems, and prospects of rural development management are considered. The necessity of significant changes in the state policy of rural management is determined. It is substantiated that the current trends in the development of rural areas of Ukraine take place in the direction of narrowing the sphere of application of labour and the mismatch of professional and skilled workers’ quality to the needs of employers, and the growth of unemployment. The results showed that the revival of rural areas depends primarily on the level of economic development of the country. Multifunctional development of the village should be carried out taking into account the integrated approach to solving the problems of the agrarian complex, villages, rural areas in general, through the combination of interests of inhabitants of rural areas, rural communities, local government, and the state, applying social and economic levers of regulation of the relevant relations in conjunction with the organizational and legal ones. The subject of the research is the mechanisms for managing the development of rural areas. The emphasis is made on the imperfection of the modern mechanism of the financial and economic provision of rural development management, in particular, regarding the distribution of state budget funds in this area. The impact of a clear state policy that is aimed at supporting regional development is outlined. The importance of the
Not just a rural occurrence: differences in agricultural equipment crash characteristics by rural-urban crash site and proximity to town.

Science.gov (United States)

Harland, Karisa K; Greenan, Mitchell; Ramirez, Marizen

2014-09-01

Although approximately one-third of agricultural equipment-related crashes occur near town, these crashes are thought to be a rural problem. This analysis examines differences between agricultural equipment-related crashes by their urban-rural distribution and distance from a town. Agricultural equipment crashes were collected from nine Midwest Departments of Transportation (2005-2008). Crash zip code was assigned as urban or rural (large, small and isolated) using Rural-Urban Commuting Areas. Crash proximity to a town was estimated with ArcGIS. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of crashing in an urban versus rural zip codes and across rural gradients. ANOVA analysis estimated mean distance (miles) from a crash site to a town. Over four years, 4444 crashes involved agricultural equipment. About 30% of crashes occurred in urban zip codes. Urban crashes were more likely to be non-collisions (aOR=1.69[1.24-2.30]), involve ≥2 vehicles (2 vehicles: aOR=1.58[1.14-2.20], 3+ vehicles: aOR=1.68[0.98-2.88]), occur in a town (aOR=2.06[1.73-2.45]) and within one mile of a town (aOR=1.65[1.40-1.95]) than rural crashes. The proportion of crashes within a town differed significantly across rural gradients (Purban-rural distribution (Pagricultural equipment are unexpectedly common in urban areas and near towns and cities. Education among all roadway users, increased visibility of agricultural equipment and the development of complete rural roads are needed to increase road safety and prevent agricultural equipment-related crashes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
El mundo rural y su problemática socioeducativa

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Sindo FROUFE QUINTAS

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: El mundo rural con todas sus necesidades sociales y educativas es uno de los problemas actuales más agudos y permanentes. La cultura rural va desapareciendo en favor de la cultura industrial y cibernética. La cultura rural está definida por ámbitos sociales concretos: lengua, formas de administración familiar, sentido de la vida, etc. Analizamos los movimientos sociales en el mundo rural como agentes capaces de producir cambios y transformaciones en el medio rural. Comentamos la función educativa de los Colegios Rurales Agrupados, la potenciación del turismo rural y la necesidad de caminar hacia un Desarrollo Sostenible, que satisfaga las necesidades del presente, sin poner en peligro la vida y el desarrollo medioambiental de las generaciones futuras.ABSTRACT: One of the serious and longest-standing problems which exiss at the present time is to be found in the social and educational needs of the rural world. Rural culture is fast disappearing as it is ousted by industrial and cybernetic forms of family government, sense of values, etc. We shall analyse these social movements in the rural world as agents capable of producing changes and transformations in the rural environment. We shall comment on the role of CRAs, on support for rural tourism and on the need for moving towards a Sustained Development which can satisfy present needs without endangering the life and environmental development of future generations.
The Determinants of Agricultural Productivity and Rural Household ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Rahel

Key Words: Labor productivity, Land productivity; Rural household income, Rural ... household labor ratio of rural household farmers, given fixed level of inputs ... because households are rarely practicing dominated by a subsistence.
Incidencia de las zonas rurales sobre las posibles tipologías de turismo rural: el caso de Andalucía

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Mercedes Jiménez García

2014-01-01

Full Text Available España es un país tradicionalmente turístico, destacando Andalucía en este sector. El turismo rural se configura como una tipología turística con fuerte potencial de crecimiento e impacto sobre el desarrollo territorial. No obstante, si este turismo es el que se desarrolla en el espacio rural y en Andalucía conviven tres tipos de zonas rurales, ¿existen tres tipos de turismo rural con incidencia diferente sobre el desarrollo territorial? Para responder a este interrogante, desarrollado en el apartado introductorio, en un segundo epígrafe se analiza la relación entre las zonas rurales andaluzas y su oferta turística, en el tercero se valora la influencia de los tipos de turismo rural andaluz sobre el desarrollo territorial, centrándose, en el cuarto, en zonas rurales que no siguen el patrón identificado y en sus políticas de desarrollo. Finalmente, en base a todo lo anterior, se concluye con una respuesta afirmativa a la cuestión inicial.
Renewable energy for rural electrification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strebkov, D. [All Russian Research Institute for Electrification of the Agriculture, Moscow (Russian Federation); Bezrukich, P. [Ministry for Fuel and Energy of Russian Federation, Moscow (Russian Federation); Kozlov, V. [Intersolarcenter Association, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1997-12-31

In spite of quite good centralized power supply system, rural electrification level across Russia vary widely: in some regions there are densely populated communities which lack power, while in the other the most pressing need is to electrify dispersed, isolated villages or homes. The main objective of the Russian project `Renewable energy for rural electrification` is the elaboration and application of new technologies of rural electrification in order to ensure the sustainable development of unelectrified areas of the Russia. The long-term objective of the project are: to improve the living standards of people in rural areas, who lack centralized energy supply systems, by introducing a new system for generation, transmission and distribution of electric power on the base of renewable energy systems; to provide a reliable cost-effective electric service for electrified and uncertified communities; to reduce the consumption of organic fuel in power generation systems; to support the military industry in converting their activity into the renewable energy sector; and to protect the environment
Renewable energy for rural electrification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strebkov, D [All Russian Research Institute for Electrification of the Agriculture, Moscow (Russian Federation); Bezrukich, P [Ministry for Fuel and Energy of Russian Federation, Moscow (Russian Federation); Kozlov, V [Intersolarcenter Association, Moscow (Russian Federation)

1998-12-31

In spite of quite good centralized power supply system, rural electrification level across Russia vary widely: in some regions there are densely populated communities which lack power, while in the other the most pressing need is to electrify dispersed, isolated villages or homes. The main objective of the Russian project `Renewable energy for rural electrification` is the elaboration and application of new technologies of rural electrification in order to ensure the sustainable development of unelectrified areas of the Russia. The long-term objective of the project are: to improve the living standards of people in rural areas, who lack centralized energy supply systems, by introducing a new system for generation, transmission and distribution of electric power on the base of renewable energy systems; to provide a reliable cost-effective electric service for electrified and uncertified communities; to reduce the consumption of organic fuel in power generation systems; to support the military industry in converting their activity into the renewable energy sector; and to protect the environment
Programa único o diferenciado: especificidad curricular de la escuela rural uruguaya - Common or differentiated school programs: uruguayan rural school curriculum specificity

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Limber Elbio Santos, Uruguay

2014-05-01

Full Text Available O artigo se refere ao fenômeno da especificidade curricular que as escolas rurais uruguaias têm tido durante mais de um século e à ruptura histórica registrada em 2009 quando se começou a aplicar uma estrutura curricular comum a escolas urbanas e rurais. Analisam-se as circunstâncias históricas da pedagogia rural e, em particular, uma de suas materialidades simbolicamente mais potentes constituída pelo Programa para Escolas Rurais de 1949. Assim mesmo, refere-se ao peso que essa pedagogia continua tendo atualmente e da maneira como influi na gestão curricular do programa único. As especificidades social e didática da escola rural têm efeitos evidentes sobre o programa curricular no seu sentido mais amplo, com alcances muito mais extensos que os relativos ao currículo prescrito. No entanto, o desafio da escola rural atual de abordar a nova estrutura curricular de caráter único não é tão diferente do que se registrou historicamente: dialogar com o meio de igual para igual e maximizar o potencial de aprendizagem proporcionado pela instituição educacional, pela comunidade e estrutura multidisciplinar do grupo.Palavras-chave: escola rural, currículo, programa, pedagogia rural. COMMON OR DIFFERENTIATED SCHOOL PROGRAMS: URUGUAYAN RURAL SCHOOL CURRICULUM SPECIFICITY AbstractThe paper refers to the phenomenon of the Curriculum specificity to which the Rural Schools had for more than a century inUruguayand to the historic rupture registered in 2009 when a common Curriculum for Rural and Urban schools was introduced. The paper analyses the historic circumstances of the Rural Pedagogy and, in particular, one of its most potent symbolic materiality constituted of the 1949 program for Rural Education. The analysis show that the challenge to current Rural Education is not that different to that registered historically: to dialogue with the environment and take maximum advantage of the potential to learn which is provided by the
Revitalizing Rural Washington: Report and Recommendations of the Governor's Task Force on Rural Affairs.

Science.gov (United States)

Governor's Task Force on Rural Affairs, Olympia, WA.

Recognizing that urban and rural problems are interconnected, the Governor's Advisory Council on Urban Affairs (State of Washington), made a recommendation that led to formation (in 1970) of the Task Force on Rural Affairs. The report of that task force identifies the continuing technological revolution in agriculture as an important cause of (1)…
Ecological support for rural land-use planning.

Science.gov (United States)

David M. Theobald; Thomas Spies; Jeff Kline; Bruce Maxwell; N. T. Hobbs; Virginia H. Dale

2005-01-01

How can ecologists be more effective in supporting ecologically informed rural land-use planning and policy? Improved decision making about rural lands requires careful consideration of how ecological information and analyses can inform specific planning and policy needs. We provide a brief overview of rural land-use planning, including recently developed approaches to...
Supporting nurses' transition to rural healthcare environments through mentorship.

Science.gov (United States)

Rohatinsky, Noelle K; Jahner, Sharleen

2016-01-01

The global shortage of rural healthcare professionals threatens the access these communities have to adequate healthcare resources. Barriers to recruitment and retention of nurses in rural facilities include limited resources, professional development opportunities, and interpersonal ties to the area. Mentorship programs have been used to successfully recruit and retain rural nurses. This study aimed to explore (i) employee perceptions of mentorship in rural healthcare organizations, (ii) the processes involved in creating mentoring relationships in rural healthcare organizations, and (iii) the organizational features supporting and inhibiting mentorship in rural healthcare organizations. This study was conducted in one rural health region in Saskatchewan, Canada. Volunteer participants who were employed at one rural healthcare facility were interviewed. A semi-structured interview guide that focused on exploring and gaining an understanding of participants' perceptions of mentorship in rural communities was employed. Data were analyzed using interpretive description methodology, which places high value on participants' subjective perspective and knowledge of their experience. All seven participants were female and employed as registered nurses or licensed practical nurses. Participants recognized that the rural environment offered unique challenges and opportunities for the transition of nurses new to rural healthcare. Participants believed mentorships facilitated this transition and were vital to the personal and professional success of new employees. Specifically, their insights indicated that this transition was influenced by three factors: rural community influences, organizational influences, and mentorship program influences. Facilitators for mentorships hinged on the close working relationships that facilitated the development of trust. Barriers to mentorship included low staff numbers, limited selection of volunteer mentors, and lack of mentorship
Family planning and fertility decline in rural Iran: the impact of rural health clinics.

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Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad; Abbasi-Shavazi, M Jalal; Hosseini-Chavoshi, Meimanat

2010-09-01

During the first few years of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and aided by pro-natal government policies, Iranian fertility was on the rise. In a reversal of its population policy, in 1989, the government launched an ambitious and innovative family planning program aimed at rural families. By 2005, the program had covered more than 90% of the rural population and the average number of births per rural woman had declined to replacement level from about 8 births in the mid 1980s. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a particular feature of the program - health houses - on rural fertility, taking advantage of the variation in the timing of their construction across the country. We use three different methods to obtain a range of estimates for the impact of health houses on village-level fertility: difference-in-differences (DID), matching DID, and length of exposure. We find estimates of impact ranging from 4 to 20% of the decline in fertility during 1986-1996. (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Verbal Autopsies in Rural Tanzania

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Maternal mortality rates in rural Tanzania are high. In preparation for the introduction of an intervention to reduce maternal deaths by distribution of misoprostol and erythromycin to women living in rural Rorya District, Mara Region, Tanzania, we conducted a limited verbal autopsy by surveying family members of women ...
Rural energetic development: cuban experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguilera Barciela, M.

1994-01-01

The development of electro energetic national system in Cuba has been directed to the following objectives: to brake the rural population's exodus toward the cities, electrification of dairy farm, interconnection to the system electro energetic of all the sugar central production, these improves the rural population's conditions life
The potentials for creating sustainable rural tourism in Bačka

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Stankov Uglješa

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Average rural household in Bačka mostly depend on agricultural activities. Modern society changes, especially changes in agriculture production imply need for diversification of business activities. Rural tourism can be important part of rural economy for some villages in Bačka. Fertile plain, Danube, Tisa and other smaller rivers, animals and games represent base of natural tourist attractions of rural tourism. However, main competitive advantages of Bačka are anthropogenic values. Traditional pannonian houses, baroques churches, numerous rural festivities, and "melting point" of different nationalities make good base for rural tourism development. Different combinations of rural attractions create several tourist experiences of this region: authentic tourist experience at "szalashes", particular tourist experience in villages, intensive tourist experience of rural events and manifestations, not authentic tourist experiences of pseudo rural attractions and complex tourist experience in rural areas. Regarding to emitive centers of rural tourist demand can be specified tree regions for development of rural tourism - region of Novi Sad, Subotica, and Sombor. Rural tourism can make a valuable contribution to rural economies, job creation, landscape conservation, retention of rural population, support to rural culture and tradition, nature conservation and other. At the same time, rural tourism is facing various limitations. With in this context, rural tourism planning has to include principles of sustainable development.
Remote rural women's choice of birthplace and transfer experiences in rural Otago and Southland New Zealand.

Science.gov (United States)

Patterson, Jean; Foureur, Maralyn; Skinner, Joan

2017-09-01

Birth in primary midwife-led maternity units has been demonstrated to be a safe choice for well women anticipating a normal birth. The incidence of serious perinatal outcomes for these women is comparable to similarly low risk women, who choose to birth in hospital. New Zealand women have a choice of Lead Maternity Carer (LMC) and birthplace; home, primary birthing unit, or a base hospital, though not all women may have all these choices available locally. Women in rural and rural remote areas can also choose to birth in their rural primary maternity unit. A percentage of these women (approx. 15-17%) will require transfer during labour, an event which can cause distress and often loss of midwifery continuity of care. To explore retrospectively the choice of birth place decisions and the labour and birth experiences of a sample of women resident in remotely zoned, rural areas of the lower South Island of New Zealand. A purposive sample of women living in remote rural areas, recruited by advertising in local newspapers and flyers. Individual semi-structured interviews were digitally recorded using a pragmatic interpretive approach. The data (transcripts and field notes) were analysed using thematic and content analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health and Disability Ethics Committee (HEDC) MEC/06/05/045. Thirteen women consented to participate. Each was resident in a remote rural area having given birth in the previous 18 months. The women had been well during their pregnancies and at the onset of labour had anticipated a spontaneous vaginal birth. Rural remote zoned areas in Otago and Southland in the South Island of New Zealand FINDINGS: Five women planned to birth in a regional hospital and eight chose their nearest rural primary maternity unit. All of the women were aware of the possibility of transfer and had made their decision about their birthplace based on their perception of their personal safety, and in consideration of their distance from
Principals as Assessment Leaders in Rural Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Renihan, Patrick; Noonan, Brian

2012-01-01

This article reports a study of rural school principals' assessment leadership roles and the impact of rural context on their work. The study involved three focus groups of principals serving small rural schools of varied size and grade configuration in three systems. Principals viewed assessment as a matter of teacher accountability and as a…
42 CFR 485.603 - Rural health network.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Rural health network. 485.603 Section 485.603... Participation: Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) § 485.603 Rural health network. A rural health network is an... quality assurance with at least— (1) One hospital that is a member of the network when applicable; (2) One...
Virtue Ethics and Rural Professional Healthcare Roles

Science.gov (United States)

Crowden, Andrew

2010-01-01

Because rural populations are at risk not only for clinically disparate care but also ethically disparate care, there is a need to enhance scholarship, research, and teaching about rural health care ethics. In this paper an argument for the applicability of a virtue ethics framework for professionals in rural healthcare is outlined. The argument…
Creative practicum leadership experiences in rural settings.

Science.gov (United States)

Schoenfelder, Deborah Perry; Valde, Jill Gaffney

2009-01-01

Rural healthcare systems provide rich learning environments for nursing students, where strong nursing leaders manage care for people with diverse health problems across the lifespan. The authors describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of rural clinical leadership practicum, a prelicensure course that specifically focuses on the application of leadership concepts in small rural healthcare systems.
Attitude towards working in rural areas: a cross-sectional survey of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students in Shaanxi, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jinlin; Zhang, Kun; Mao, Ying

2018-05-02

Attracting and recruiting health workers to work in rural areas is still a great challenge in China. The rural-oriented tuition-waived medical education (RTME) programme has been initiated and implemented in China since 2010. This study aimed to examine the attitudes of rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students (RTMSs) in Shaanxi towards working in rural areas and the related influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2015 among 232 RTMSs in two medical universities from the first group of students enrolled in the RTME programme in Shaanxi. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analyses. Of the 230 valid responses, 92.6% expressed their intentions of breaking the contract for working in rural township hospitals for 6 years after their graduation under the RTME programme. After the contract expired, only 1.3% intended to remain in the rural areas, 66.5% had no intention of remaining, and 32.2% were unsure. The factors related to a positive attitude among the RTMSs towards working in rural areas (no intention of breaking the contract) included being female, having a mother educated at the level of primary school or below, having a good understanding of the policy, having a good cognition of the value of rural medical work, and being satisfied with the policy. The factors related to a positive attitude of the RTMSs towards remaining in rural areas included being female, having a rural origin, having no regular family monthly income, having a father whose occupation was farmer, having a mother educated at the level of postsecondary or above, having the RTMSs be the final arbiter of the policy choice, having a good understanding of the policy, having a good cognition of the value of rural medical work, and being satisfied with the educational scheme. Related policy makers and health workforce managers may benefit from the findings of this study. Appropriate strategies should be implemented to stimulate the RTMSs
The coming vitality of rural places

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Craig B. HOWLEY

2013-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTIn many parts of the world, whether “developing” or “developed,” the concept of a rural sort of education is largely ignored by national ministries. The United States is just one notable example of silence at the bureaucratic center, despite scholarly interest in provincial universities. The future may change the “terms of engagement,” however, and this essay considers the leadership of rural schools and communities from the vantage of the daunting, but clearly visible, challenges of the future. The challenges described in the essay relate to a variety of visible, perhaps even familiar, economic, environmental, political, and cultural threats confronting life in the coming century. Though increasingly important and relevant to education, these threats are not a common part of discussions in education policy. The essay explains why, and why the threats are important to rural villages and districts. Discussion concludes with five rurally appropriate shifts of thinking that might help rural citizens and subjects around the world engage the challenges and counter the threats.
SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS AMONG YOUNG RURAL INHABITANTS

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Zdzisław Brzeski

2010-06-01

Full Text Available In recent years changes have been noted in the motivations for acute suicidal poisonings among young people from various environments, which are due to psychosocial changes both in the urban and rural environments. Suicidal attempts are accompanied – especially in the rural environment – by low social status, difficulties with adapting to a free market economy, emotional tension within the family, at school, in the environment of young people, addiction to alcohol, drug overuse, including psychotropes. Based on clinical material concerning rural inhabitants hospitalized due to suicidal poisonings, the authors performed the analysis of attitudes, motivations and causes of acute poisonings among the young rural population. Among rural adolescents who continued school or university education the dominant causes of undertaking a suicidal attempt were: adolescent period problems, conflicts within the family, conflicts with mates, and disappointment in love. Among young adults the motivations were as follows: difficulties with finding employment in the place of residence, conflicts within the family, overuse of stimulants, and sometimes states of depression during the period of aggravation of a disease.
Rurality study of restricted areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Rivaroli

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Two main perspectives of investigation emerge from the study of a territory’s rurality: a geographical approach and a sociological approach. The research examines the sub-regional study case of ‘Nuovo circondario imolese’. The analysis shows that the combination of traditional institutional criteria with detailed informations about the territory, generates more accurate results which determine a better comprehension of the characteristics of restricted areas’ rurality. Over the period 1991-2001, the study highlights an increase in rural areas. This result could be interpreted as an effect of urban sprawl’s intensification, that increases the competition between non-farm residences and agricultural activities.
Redefining Rurality: Cosmopolitanism, Whiteness, and the New Latino Diaspora

Science.gov (United States)

Sierk, Jessica

2017-01-01

In mainstream discourse, rural generally implies white, while urban signifies not-white. However, what happens when "rural" communities experience demographic change? This paper examines how students from a rural, New Latino Diaspora community in a Midwestern state complicate traditional notions of rurality. Data from participant…
Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among rural and urban groups and rural-to-urban migrants in Peru: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Masterson Creber, Ruth M; Smeeth, Liam; Gilman, Robert H; Miranda, J Jaime

2010-07-01

To compare physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns of rural-to-urban migrants in Peru versus lifetime rural and urban residents and to determine any associations between low physical activity and four cardiovascular risk factors: obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m²), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The PERU MIGRANT (PEru's Rural to Urban MIGRANTs) cross-sectional study was designed to measure physical activity among rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrants with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The World Health Organization (WHO) age-standardized prevalence of low physical activity was 2.2% in lifetime rural residents, 32.2% in rural-to-urban migrants, and 39.2% in lifetime urban residents. The adjusted odds ratios for low physical activity were 21.43 and 32.98 for migrant and urban groups respectively compared to the rural group. The adjusted odds ratio for being obese was 1.94 for those with low physical activity. There was no evidence of an association between low physical activity and blood pressure levels, hypertension, or metabolic syndrome. People living in a rural area had much higher levels of physical activity and lower risk of being overweight and obese compared to those living in an urban area of Lima. Study participants from the same rural area who had migrated to Lima had levels of physical inactivity and obesity similar to those who had always lived in Lima. Interventions aimed at maintaining higher levels of physical activity among rural-to-urban migrants may help reduce the epidemic of obesity in urban cities.
Going Digital in Rural America.

Science.gov (United States)

Malecki, Edward J.

This paper examines the extent to which rural America is digital--has access to the Internet and to newer technologies such as wireless broadband--and discusses rural supply and demand for "going digital." Supply aspects include issues of both infrastructure and public policy. Demand aspects include entrepreneurs (business users) and…
Association between rural clinical clerkship and medical students' intentions to choose rural medical work after graduation: A cross-sectional study in western China.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jinlin; Zhu, Bin; Mao, Ying

2018-01-01

A large number of programs have been implemented in many countries to increase the healthcare workforce recruitment in rural and remote areas. Rural early exposure programs for medical students have been shown to be effective strategies. However, no related studies have been reported before in China. This study was carried out to determine the association between medical students' participation in rural clinical clerkships and their intentions to choose rural medical work after graduation from western medical schools in China. Based on a two-stage random sampling method, the cross-sectional survey was carried out in ten western provinces in China. A brief questionnaire filled in by medical students was used for data collection. A total of 4278 medical students participated in the study. The response rate was approximately 90.34%. Pearson's chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analyses were performed for data analyses. Approximately 52.0% of medical students disclosed intentions to work in rural medical institutions after graduation. Only one in five participants had experience with a rural clinical clerkship. Rural clinical clerkships were significantly associated with medical students' intentions to work in rural medical institutions (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.05-1.46); further analyses indicated that such clerkships only had a significant impact among the medical students with an urban background (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.48-2.97). In terms of the sociodemographic characteristics, younger age, low level of parental education, majoring in general practice, and studying in low-level medical schools increased the odds of having intentions to engage in rural medical work among medical students; however, rural origins was the only positive univariate predictor. In addition, the predictors of intentions to choose rural medical work were different between medical students with a rural background and those with an urban background. Rural clinical clerkship is likely to
The Rising Rate of Rural Hospital Closures.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Brystana G; Thomas, Sharita R; Randolph, Randy K; Perry, Julie R; Thompson, Kristie W; Holmes, George M; Pink, George H

2016-01-01

Since 2010, the rate of rural hospital closures has increased significantly. This study is a preliminary look at recent closures and a formative step in research to understand the causes and the impact on rural communities. The 2009 financial performance and market characteristics of rural hospitals that closed from 2010 through 2014 were compared to rural hospitals that remained open during the same period, stratified by critical access hospitals (CAHs) and other rural hospitals (ORHs). Differences were tested using Pearson's chi-square (categorical variables) and Wilcoxon rank test of medians. The relationships between negative operating margin and (1) market factors and (2) utilization/staffing factors were explored using logistic regression. In 2009, CAHs that subsequently closed from 2010 through 2014 had, in general, lower levels of profitability, liquidity, equity, patient volume, and staffing. In addition, ORHs that closed had smaller market shares and operated in markets with smaller populations compared to ORHs that remained open. Odds of unprofitability were associated with both market and utilization factors. Although half of the closed hospitals ceased providing health services altogether, the remainder have since converted to an alternative health care delivery model. Financial and market characteristics appear to be associated with closure of rural hospitals from 2010 through 2014, suggesting that it is possible to identify hospitals at risk of closure. As closure rates show no sign of abating, it is important to study the drivers of distress in rural hospitals, as well as the potential for alternative health care delivery models. © 2015 National Rural Health Association.
Training resources and e-Government services for rural SMEs: the rural inclusion platform

OpenAIRE

Axel Maroudas; Pantelis Karamolegkos; Nikos Manouselis

2010-01-01

Rural Inclusion, a project supported by the Information and Communication Technologies Policy Support Programme of the European Commission, aims to adopt, adapt, and deploy a Web infrastructure, in rural settings, combining semantics with a collaborativetraining and networking approach, offering e-Government services that will be supported by a rigorous and reusable service process analysis and modeling, and facilitating the disambiguation of the small businesses needs and requirements when t...
Sustaining the Entrepreneurship in Rural Tourism Development

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Norhafiza Md Sharif

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Entrepreneurs play an important role in sustaining rural tourism and formulation of sustainable strategies being the initiators of the tourism business and the engine of the local development. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the development of entrepreneurial activities for the recovery of rural tourism potential and regional traditions, maintaining local employment growth and increase living standards in line with identifies needs and priorities of regional human resources development. This article aims to discuss the involvement of local communities in development of rural tourism entrepreneurship as well as addressing the issue of entrepreneurship in rural tourism.
Mechanisms of power in participatory rural planning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johansen, Pia Heike; Chandler, Thomas Lund

2015-01-01

that in such an assessment of power it is needed also to drawn in the social context because different social contexts will be more or less vulnerable to different mechanisms of power. The paper takes the stand the rural settings are especially vulnerable to dis-engagement of local citizens, sub-ordination of the rural...... by the urban privilege to define the rural qualities and creation of local conflicts and that mechanisms of power that cause such unintended outcomes of rural planning projects should be uncovered. Inspired by Foucault's interpretation of power the paper carries out a grounded theory inspired analysis...

Arquitectura rural menor en Magallanes II

OpenAIRE

Martinic B, Mateo; García O, Samuel

2014-01-01

En lo referido a la arquitectura rural en Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego, se han estudiado los grandes cascos de estancias, esto es; galpones, casas de administración, emplazamientos etc., todo ello correspondiente a un planteamiento de escala mayor. De forma simultánea ha existido una arquitectura rural de menores dimensiones que ha permanecido inadvertida en los estudios arquitectónicos y históricos realizados hasta el presente. Este artículo expone nuevos casos de Arquitectura Rural Menor, c...
Solar base rural electrification in Balochistan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahar, F.

2001-01-01

In Balochistan province, most of the population is living in rural areas and devoid of life's basic facilities. In rural areas of Balochistan where most of the population up to 85% is located, more than four million people lack the essential energy services needed to satisfy the most basic needs and to improve living standards. In this paper, author has suggested some technique which will reduce the load and make solar photovoltaic system quite viable for rural electrification in Balochistan. (author)
Quality of Colonoscopy Performed in Rural Practice: Experience From the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative and the Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network.

Science.gov (United States)

Holub, Jennifer L; Morris, Cynthia; Fagnan, Lyle J; Logan, Judith R; Michaels, LeAnn C; Lieberman, David A

2018-02-01

Colon cancer screening is effective. To complete screening in 80% of individuals over age 50 years by 2018 will require adequate colonoscopy capacity throughout the country, including rural areas, where colonoscopy providers may have less specialized training. Our aim was to study the quality of colonoscopy in rural settings. The Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI) and the Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network (ORPRN) collaborated to recruit Oregon rural practices to submit colonoscopy reports to CORI's National Endoscopic Database (NED). Ten ORPRN sites were compared to non-ORPRN rural (n = 11) and nonrural (n = 43) sites between January 2009 and October 2011. Established colonoscopy quality measures were calculated for all sites. No ORPRN physicians were gastroenterologists compared with 82% of nonrural physicians. ORPRN practices reached the cecum in 87.4% of exams compared with 89.3% of rural sites (P = .0002) and 90.9% of nonrural sites (P 9mm 16.6% vs 18.7% (P = .106). ORPRN sites performed well on most colonoscopy quality measures, suggesting that high-quality colonoscopy can be performed in rural settings. © 2016 National Rural Health Association.
La ley marco de aseguramiento universal en salud en el Perú: análisis de beneficios y sistematización del proceso desde su concepción hasta su promulgación

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Luis Wilson

2009-04-01

Full Text Available La Ley Marco de Aseguramiento Universal en Salud promulgada en abril de 2009, establece un marco normativo a fin de garantizar el derecho pleno y progresivo de todo peruano a la seguridad social en salud. En este artículo se revisa cómo eran los sistemas de salud, cobertura y planes de aseguramiento en el Perú antes de la promulgación de esta Ley. Se hace un recuento de las acciones que hicieron posible a través de consensos que se construya la Ley, se analizan las diferentes propuestas previas a esta y, finalmente, se evalúan los beneficios que traerá su implementación, tanto para los ciudadanos como para el sistema de salud.
The adoption of provider-based rural health clinics by rural hospitals: a study of market and institutional forces.

Science.gov (United States)

Krein, S L

1999-04-01

To examine the response of rural hospitals to various market and organizational signals by determining the factors that influence whether or not they establish a provider-based rural health clinic (RHC) (a joint Medicare/Medicaid program). Several secondary sources for 1989-1995: the AHA Annual Survey, the PPS Minimum Data Set and a list of RHCs from HCFA, the Area Resource File, and professional associations. The analysis includes all general medical/surgical rural hospitals operating in the United States during the study period. A longitudinal design and pooled cross-sectional data were used, with the rural hospital as the unit of analysis. Key variables were examined as sets and include measures of competitive pressures (e.g., hospital market share), physician resources, nurse practitioner/physician assistant (NP/PA) practice regulation, hospital performance pressures (e.g., operating margin), innovativeness, and institutional pressure (i.e., the cumulative force of adoption). Adoption of provider-based RHCs by rural hospitals appears to be motivated less as an adaptive response to observable economic or internal organizational signals than as a reaction to bandwagon pressures. Rural hospitals with limited resources may resort to imitating others because of uncertainty or a limited ability to fully evaluate strategic activities. This can result in actions or behaviors that are not consistent with policy objectives and the perceived need for policy changes. Such activity in turn could have a negative effect on some providers and some rural residents.
Mechanism Research on Standardized Development of Rural Private Finance

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2010-01-01

In generalizing the researching conditions of researchers on private finance,the paper introduces the connoted meaning of rural private finance broadly and narrowly.The paper states the forms of rural private finance(including private loaning,private bank,rural private collecting,financing organizations,cooperatives,NGO,small loaning organizations and so on),the relations between rural private finance and rural economic relations,pointing out that it is the combination of the strong and the weak,which may generate benefits with the operation of marketing mechanisms.The paper analyzes the historical causes,supervision causes and cultural causes of rural private finance,discussing mechanisms of standardized development of rural private finance:firstly,standardize the organization management mechanisms,including scaled controlling mechanisms and bank management mechanisms;secondly,complete finance supervision mechanisms;thirdly,moderate government intervention,including affording liberal policy environment and reducing the improper intervention;fourthly,upgrading qualities mechanisms,including cultivating the rural credit culture and improving the quality of regulatory personnel.
RURAL TOURISM IN DOBRUDGEA

OpenAIRE

Elena, SIMA

2014-01-01

The natural and anthropic tourism resources of a certain area generate specific tourism forms, which complete each other within the different destination categories.The rural area in Dobrudja has diversified tourism potential, provided by the contrast of natural environment factors, ranging from the oldest and to the youngest relief units, natural protected areas, spa resources and cultural, historical, religious sites, as well as multicultural local customs and traditions of the rural area. ...
Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) Urban-Rural Population Estimates, Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Low Elevation Coastal Zone (LECZ) Urban-Rural Estimates consists of country-level estimates of urban, rural and total population and land area country-wide and...
Collaborative Rural Healthcare Network: A Conceptual Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

U. Raja

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Healthcare is a critical issue in rural communities throughout the world. Provision of timely and cost effective health care in these communities is a challenge since it is coupled with a lack of adequate infrastructure and manpower support. Twenty percent of the United States of America‘s population resides in rural communities, i.e., 59 million people; however, only nine percent of the nation’s physicians practice in rural communities. Shortage of health care personnel and the lack of equipment and facilities often force rural residents to travel long distances to receive needed medical treatment. Researchers and practitioners are in search of solutions to address these unique challenges. In this research, we present a proposed collaborative model of a health information system for rural communities and the challenges and opportunities of this global issue.
Priorities for Advancing the Concept of New Ruralism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galen Newman

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Civic expansion and land use migrations to urban peripheries can accelerate the conversion of agricultural land uses. Widespread trepidation concerning urban sprawl has led to innovative frameworks for conserving or enhancing farmland. New Ruralism is one such framework, linking farmland preservation with developmental plans to reduce farmland conversion and low density development. Although the concept is still evolving, recent support for New Ruralism has grown. One of the most important factors in creating a New Ruralism-based development is coherent policy for permanent agricultural preserves. These preserves require the simultaneous, careful planning of land preservation balanced with the location of future development. This paper discusses the current condition of farmland loss and reviews issues and challenges associated with farmland preservation with existing New Ruralism developments. The goal is to synthesize this information into recommendations for increasing farmland preservation opportunities in New Ruralism-based developments. A more comprehensive definition for New Ruralism is presented, accompanied by several priorities for maximizing the economic, environmental, and cultural viability of New Ruralism-based farmland preserves.
Rural poverty in transition countries

OpenAIRE

Macours, K; Swinnen, Jo

2006-01-01

This paper uses new poverty data based on household level surveys to analyze changes in rural poverty and rural-urban poverty differences in 23 transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the firmer Soviet Union. The paper presents a series of hypotheses to explain differences across countries and changes over time.
Portrait of Rural Virtual Schooling

Science.gov (United States)

Barbour, Michael K.

2007-01-01

Over the past two decades, distance education has become a reality of rural schooling in Newfoundland and Labrador. In this article, I provide historical background into the challenges facing rural schools in the province and how distance education was introduced to address that challenge. I also describe how that system of distance education…
Rural education in brazilian education: contradictions and perspective

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Adriana D'Agostini

2012-09-01

Full Text Available This work focuses on the rural education. It aimed to analyze and discuss the rural education in the Brazilian educational context, indicating its character and its importance from the 1990s in the perspective of building an education aimed at human emancipation and that contradictory it is also supported and guided by neoliberal educational policies. From the studies of production on rural education was found challenges, problems, difficulties and contradictions that permeate the attempt to create a perspective of rural education. The concept of rural education was initially developed within the Movement of Landless Workers (MST and other social movements from the political pressure and demands for the state to take over public education / field took dimension of public policy. This complex situation currently directs rural schools, a critical perspective that seeks an education beyond the capital.
Analysis of factors affecting rural people's attitudes towards rural tourism: the case of Doroodzan District of the Marvdasht County

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Madineh Khosrowjerdi

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect the attitudes of rural people towards rural tourism in the Doroodzan District of the Marvdasht County. The research was conducted in 2015. The survey research method was used for this purpose and data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The research sample included 250 villagers that were selected using Kerjcie and Morgan Sampling Table and the Random Sampling Technique. The Face validity of the questionnaire was verified by the expert faculty members and the staff of the Rural Development Management Department of the Yasouj University, and its reliability was also verified by calculating Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient (from 0.61 to 0.86 that was obtained from a pilot study. The results of the Path Analysis showed that value of tourism is the most effective factor for predicting the respondents' attitudes towards rural tourism. Next to that there are other variables such as income from tourism and observation that have had the most effect on the respondents' attitudes. Finally, it is recommended that the means of mass media such as local radio and television broadcast services prepare programs and campaigns about rural tourism and related topics in order to improve the attitudes of the rural people towards rural tourism.
Psychology and Rural America: Current Status and Future Directions.

Science.gov (United States)

Murray, J. Dennis; Keller, Peter A.

1991-01-01

Rural people constitute about one-fourth of the U.S. population; their special mental health needs have largely been neglected. Psychologists are needed to practice in rural areas, to develop rural service models, and to support the development of state and federal policies that address rural needs. (DM)
Rural Aging

Science.gov (United States)

... for Success Am I Rural? Evidence-based Toolkits Economic Impact Analysis Tool Community Health Gateway Sustainability Planning ... Transportation to medical appointments, grocery shopping, and other essential and leisure activities Housing quality and affordability, including ...
Homeless Children: Addressing the Challenge in Rural Schools. ERIC Digest.

Science.gov (United States)

Vissing, Yvonne M.

Despite stereotypes to the contrary, homelessness is as prevalent in rural as urban areas. This digest examines the implications of homelessness for rural children and youth and discusses possible actions by rural educators. An estimated half of the rural homeless are families with children. Compared to urban counterparts, rural homeless families…
Rural public transportation technologies : user needs and applications

Science.gov (United States)

1998-09-01

Rural Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have the ability to meet the needs of travelers in and through rural areas as well as the needs of agencies responsible for the operation and maintenance of rural transportation systems. To assist in the...
“Rejecting the inevitability of poverty”: Empower women for sustainable rural livelihoods through community-based employment intensive rural infrastructure maintenance projects

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mashiri, M

2008-11-01

Full Text Available This paper discuses the extent to which employment-intensive rural infrastructure maintenance projects can be used as a tool to empower women to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods using Siyatentela rural road maintenance program in Mpumalanga...
The developing rural electrification plan continues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez, Veronica

2001-01-01

The article overviews the current situation of the rural electrification in Guatemala, including demand and supply of energy and the plans of the government in covering the rural areas through the promotion of renewable energy sources

CURRENT TRENDS OF ROMANIAN RURAL FAMILY

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Adina IORGA

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The profound changes experienced by the Romanian society had a profound social impact on the structure and functions of the rural family. The paper aims to highlight the main trends recorded using a number of indicators: ruralization rate, birth rate, infant mortality rate, percentage of children born outside marriage, fertility rate, percentage of population aged 65 and over. Statistics from censuses and statistical yearbooks were processed to identify the trends of the Romanian rural family: changes in reproductive behavior, increased aging, declining birth rates.
Noise Exposures of Rural Adolescents

Science.gov (United States)

Humann, Michael; Sanderson, Wayne; Flamme, Greg; Kelly, Kevin M.; Moore, Genna; Stromquist, Ann; Merchant, James A.

2011-01-01

Purpose: This project was conducted to characterize the noise exposure of adolescents living in rural and agricultural environments. Methods: From May to October, 25 adolescents ages 13 through 17, living either on a farm or a rural nonfarm, were enrolled in the study. Subjects received training on the correct operation and use of personal noise…
RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS: AN OVERVIEW

OpenAIRE

Spio, Kojo; Groenewald, Jan A.

1997-01-01

The paper seeks to present an in depth overview of rural financial markets in developing countries. Attention is given to the role of financial markets in the development process, approaches to rural finance in developing countries, and formal and informal financial markets. The pro and cons of the various financial markets were also considered.
Institucionalidad y desarrollo rural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laureano Ruiz Camargo

2016-04-01

Full Text Available La institucionalidad entendida como el conjunto de normas y reg las formales e informales que regulan una comunidad determinada puede influir al impulsar y acrecentar el desarrollo rural o también frenarlo, permitiendo o no la participación o también obstaculizando la organización y la expresión de las comunidades rurales; lo cual puede reflejarse en carencias de sentido económico, social y cultural. Estas temáticas han sido exploradas en el presente trabajo, mediante el contacto directo con las comunidades rura les del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá y complementado con la revisión teórica a nivel bibliográfica sobre los temas de la institucionalidad y el desarrollo rural sustentable. Dada la importancia de las familias campesinas asentadas en estos territorios de minifundios y economía campesina, en la reproducción de su propia subsistencia y el aporte a la producción de bienes para la alimentación de la población urbana y suministro de mano de obra necesaria en la prestación de servicios y la industria nacional, se encontró que las carencias de tipo económico y social por parte de la población se reflejan en índices de pobreza elevada, debido a la poca capacidad de consumo y acumulación, pues la propiedad privada sustentada en el minifundio utilizado en actividades agropecuarias no genera ingresos suficientes para financiar la alimentación, la educación, la salud, la vivienda, la recreación y tampoco posibilita el ahorro. Por otra parte, la producción de bienes y servicios de origen rural es vendida o intercambiada en el mercado a precios por debajo de los costos de producción, con lo cual se transfiere la riqueza producida en el campo hacia la ciudad, reproduciéndose el circulo de la pobreza rural donde la institucionalidad practicada y existente no permite la participación de los habitantes rurales en la toma de decisiones; entre otras cosas, porque carecen de organización y liderazgo y porque tradicionalmente la
[Fertility in rural and urban areas of Mexico].

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia Y Garma, I O

1989-01-01

Data from 6 fertility surveys conducted in Mexico between 1969-87 were used to compare rural and urban fertility and to determine whether a significant level of contraceptive usage could be achieved in rural areas despite their lack of socioeconomic development. Age-specific marital fertility rates were calculated for the 4 national-level and 2 rural fertility surveys. The index of fertility control developed by Coale and Trussel was calculated for rural, urban, and all areas. The marital total fertility rate in rural areas declined from 10.6 in 1970 to 7.4 in 1982, a decline of 2.5% annually. From 1982-87 the annual rate of decline in rural fertility slowed to 1.6%, reaching 6.8 children in 1987. The urban marital total fertility rate declined from 7.72 in 1976 to 5.03 in 1987, while the marital total fertility rate for Mexico as a whole declined from 9.04 in 1976 to 5.85 in 1987. The indices of fertility control showed slowly increasing use of contraception in rural areas starting from the very low level of 1969. The urban index of fertility control showed some contraceptive use for all age groups in all surveys. The increases in contraceptive usage were considerable in rural areas from 1976-82 and much less marked in urban areas. From 1982-87 the inverse was observed and the fertility decline in urban areas was more marked. The condition of natural fertility found in rural areas in 1969 subsequently disappeared. Over time, fertility decline and use of contraception have intensified. Contraception is widely practiced in urban areas and is continuing to become more prevalent. The rural fertility decline in 1976-82 suggests that at least sometimes increases in fertility control are more important in rural areas than in urban areas. The theory of modernization, which holds that fertility decline in developed countries is attributable to factors associated with the process of modernization, thus comes into question. However, it is probable that a sustained fertility
Integrated rural industrialization through biogas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

Role of biogas in rural industrialization in India is explained. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission has installed over 2 lakhs (0.2 million) biogas plants during the last 30 years. A 15 cu.m. capacity plant costs Rs. 35,000/-. It produces 65 tons bio-manure worth Rs. 13,000/- in a year and fuel gas equivalent to 3,285 litres of kerosene worth Rs. 9855/-. It provides employment to 300 man days. In addition to serving as a source of energy and manure, it reduces deforestation, solves rural sanitation problem and maintain environmental equilibrium. Industrial activities suitable for rural areas and which can use biogas as a source of power are indicated. (M.G.B.)
Design for sustainability: rural connectivity with village operators

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Roux, K

2011-10-01

Full Text Available South Africa has approximately 26500 primary and secondary schools, of which at least 17000 are in remote rural villages. None of these rural schools have any form of Internet connectivity. The same rural villages may have one health facility...
Rural Marketing in India –Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies

OpenAIRE

Abhisek Kumar Tripathi

2012-01-01

The rural market in Indian economy can be classified under two broad categories. These are the market for consumer goods that comprise of both durable and non-durable goods and the market for agricultural inputs that include fertilizers, pesticides, seeds Key words: rural marketing, marketing, challenges in rural marketing, rural marketing environment
Toward a More Holistic Evaluation Approach for Rural Development

Science.gov (United States)

Miyoshi, Koichi

2013-01-01

The discussion on and development of a holistic evaluation approach for rural development will be indispensable to improving and enriching the lives of rural people. This approach can be developed by considering the conceptualization of community policy structure in rural areas, the localization of policy structure in the rural community, and the…
Rural-urban migrants - Challenges to Kilimo Kwanza initiatives in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

More than 80% of the population in Iringa region lives in rural areas where majority relies on agricultural productions. In spite of this dependency, 80% of agricultural practices are done using simple hand tools which makes rural life relatively tasking. These tasking rural lives are thought to accelerate rural-urban migration in ...
Gender and Rural Employment: A View from Latin America

Science.gov (United States)

Ballara, Marcela

2007-01-01

The paper focuses on women employment in rural areas and its impacts in food security. The presentation includes data on rural women employment and its different labour strategies: temporary work, non agriculture rural employment and permanent rural employment. Poverty alleviation and its impact on families as well as implications in the economic…
Rural Ageing in the United States: Trends and Contexts

Science.gov (United States)

Glasgow, Nina; Brown, David L.

2012-01-01

This paper examines rural population ageing in the United States with a particular focus on the contrasting contexts in which older rural residents live. We compare the characteristics of the older population by rural versus urban residence, and explore challenges and opportunities associated with the ageing of rural baby boomers. The United…
Role of Rural Nonfarm Employment in Philippine Development

OpenAIRE

Reyes, Edna A.

1991-01-01

This study analyzes the nature and role of rural nonfarm employment in development. It also traces the growth of nonfarm activities in the Philippines and determines the extent of their contribution to the transformation of the rural sector. In particular, it describes the structure of nonfarm activities in the rural sector and how this structure changes overtime. It also assesses the impact of nonfarm employment on the rural economy interms of changes in the structure of labor utilization, p...
People's participation in rural electrification - a successful case

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kamalapur, G.D. [National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal (India); Udaykumar, R.Y. [National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Department of Electrical Engineering, Surathkal (India)

2012-06-15

Rural electrification is an integral component of poverty alleviation and rural growth of a nation. A developing nation, like India has 72.2 percent people living in rural areas. Still, electricity has not played an effective role in the socio-economic growth of villages. The Government of India has an ambitious target of providing electricity to all villages by 2008 and all rural households by 2012. Steps are already initiated with Rural Electric Corporation, Rural Electricity Supply Technology Mission, State Electricity Boards led reforms, Reforms in Power Sector, Electricity Act 2003, Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana etc. An attempt has been made in this paper to assess the present status of rural electrification in India and the major factors contributing to rural electrical distribution. Steps initiated by the Government of India through Rural Electric Corporation (REC) and a successful case study of the people's participation model is presented. (orig.)
TOURISM RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT: OVERVIEW

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G. Rajović

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The European territory is characterized by a strong presence of rural areas. Approximately 52% of the European territory is classified as predominantly rural. In this context, Rural Tourism is one of the key opportunities in terms of potential growth for rural areas, in the wider context of the Sustainable Management and Promotion of Territory activities (Fagioli et al, 2014. In the last two decades, in many European Union member countries, rural tourism is considered as a strategy for the future, which can contribute to economic and social development of local communities, of less favored regions alike, in order to create jobs and reduce migration. At the same time, rural tourism has the advantage that it acts for the purpose of opening new investment prospects. Thus, it must be regarded as an economic activity that contributes to regional development and, consequently, to the overall economic growth
Training child psychiatrists in rural public mental health.

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Petti, T A; Benswanger, E G; Fialkov, M J; Sonis, M

1987-04-01

Lack of appropriate training in both public mental health service and rural mental health service is a major factor in the critical shortage of child psychiatrists in rural settings. The authors describe a residency training program in rural public mental health designed to help alleviate that shortage. The program familiarizes fourth-year residents in child psychiatry with the clinical, political, and social aspects of rural public mental health services through didactic and supervisory sessions as well as an eight-month practicum experience involving provision of inservice training and administrative and case-related consultation to staff of mental health agencies. An assessment of the program indicated that participants felt it was beneficial, but the program was only partly successful in increasing the number of child psychiatrists entering practice in rural areas. The authors urge that residency programs in child psychiatry give priority to training child psychiatrists for work in rural settings.
From the associative companies to the nuclei of rural entrepreneurs

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Álvaro Parrado

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Since the second half of the twentieth century, the impulse to the creation of Rural Associative Organizations (RAOs has become one of the main tools to implement rural development policies. However, most of these efforts have ended in failure, and have been marked by both the paternalism of the institutions and the lack of active participation from the rural communities. Faced with this situation, other methodologies and approaches have started to emerge. These new views have provided rural people with tools to participate in their own development processes and recognize that rural issues go beyond agricultural production. The Rural Management and Development Research Group in the Department of Agronomy at Colombia's Universidad Nacional has been working within this conceptual framework that tends to focus not only on participatory methodologies, but also on gender focus, the new rural setting and the territorial development. The research group has been involved in rural areas of Bogotá and Cundinamarca, building proposals with the active participation from the Nuclei of Rural Entrepreneurs as an alternative model to the conventional rural associative enterprise
Rural mental health: neither romanticism nor despair.

Science.gov (United States)

Wainer, J; Chesters, J

2000-06-01

This paper explores the relationship between rural places and mental health. It begins with a definition of mental health and an outline of the data that have led to the current concern with promoting positive mental health. We then consider aspects of rural life and place that contribute to positive mental health or increase the likelihood of mental health problems. Issues identified include environment, place, gender identity, violence and dispossession and the influence of the effects of structural changes in rural communities. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the determinants of resilience in rural places, including social connectedness, valuing diversity and economic participation.
Lessons on rural development, challenges and approaches

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Absalón Machado

2010-12-01

Full Text Available For 25 years, Colombia implemented a rural development policy according to models adopted in Latin America since the 1960s. That policy advanced progressively toward decentralized and participatory development and it also moved forward to new concept of rural territorial development. Nevertheless, the Integrated Rural Development Program - IRD, turned into a Co-financing Fund, due to several reasons, ended during the second half of the 1990s. The change of protectionist policies towards deregulation, political cooptation of the program and the weak State capacities to replacing the IRD with other alternatives to stabilize rural societies contributed to the disappearance of the policy.
Homicide in post-Soviet Belarus: urban-rural trends.

Science.gov (United States)

Stickley, Andrew; Leinsalu, Mall; Razvodovsky, Yury E

2009-01-01

To investigate the occurrence of homicide in urban and rural regions of Belarus in the post-Soviet period. All-age male and female homicide mortality and population data were obtained for the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 for urban and rural regions of Belarus. These data were recalculated into three age categories and directly standardised. To assess relative changes in rural-urban homicide rates across time Poisson regression models were used to calculate rate ratios. Between 1990 and 1995 homicide rates rose sharply in urban and rural regions although the rise was greater in the former. Although there was little change in homicide rates in 2000, a notable divergence had occurred by 2005. While homicide rates rose slightly in rural areas, a large fall occurred in the rates of both men and women in urban areas. This resulted in significantly higher rural homicide rate ratios at the end of the study period. With some variations age-specific homicide rates followed this overall general pattern resulting in significantly higher homicide rate ratios in all rural groups aged 15 and above in 2005. It is probable that a combination of factors such as high levels of poverty, the effects of alcohol consumption, as well as the poor provision of emergency medical services underlie both the high levels of lethal violence and the growing rural-urban divergence in homicide rates in contemporary Belarus. Urgent action is now needed to address the deteriorating social and economic conditions underpinning violence, especially in rural regions.

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