Behaviour of polonium-210 during anode slimes processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, S.A.

1998-01-01

Refinery slimes produced during the electrorefining of copper anodes often contain recoverable quantities of gold, silver and the platinum group metals, platinum and palladium. The treatment process selected to recover precious metals from the slimes depends on the concentration of other impurities. Polonium 210 will be present in the refinery slimes when uranium-bearing minerals (eg. uraninite) are associated with the copper mineralogy. The production of pure precious metals from copper anode slimes containing polonium-210 involves a variety of steps including impurity removal smelting to produce a dore metal and then refining. Gold and silver are recovered by electrorefining processes. Platinum group metals accumulate in the gold electrolyte and are recovered by precipitation To ensure that specifications are met in the final products, it is necessary to identify and closely monitor where the impurities, including polonium-210, are partitioning during processing. Although measurement of polonium-210 activity using alpha spectrometry identifies relative amounts of the radionuclide in the various streams, it does not give any indication of the form it may be in. By studying the chemistry and deportment of its neighbours in the periodic table (Pb, Bi, Se and Te) it may be possible to make some conclusions regarding polonium-210 behaviour. Examination of the solid phases produced during anode slimes treatment were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental analyses of solid and liquor streams were carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICPAES). This paper attempts to develop a relationship between the behaviour of polonium-210 and other impurities during precious metals recovery based on the results of these studies. (author). 5 refs., 4 tabs

Uus vaatus : EKA uue õppehoone arhitektuurivõistlus / Andres Ojari

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojari, Andres, 1970-

2014-01-01

EKA uue õppehoone arhitektuurivõistlusel konkureeris 10 tööd. Kolmanda koha pälvis Salto Arhitektide töö märgusõnaga "Akadeemia" (autorid Maarja Kask, Ralf Lõoke, Margus Tamm, Helin Kukk ja Martin McLean). Teine koht kuulus tööle märgusõnaga "Aletheia" (autorid Jaan Kuusemets, Üllar Ambos, Pille Noole, Kaisa Lasner ja Jiannis Lykouras). Konkursi võitis töö märgusõnaga "Linea" (autorid Joel Kopli, Koit Ojaliiv, Juhan Rohtla ja Eik Hermann KUU Arhitektidest

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan, Produksi dan Persediaan pada PT Triwarna Eka Multimedia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephanie Surja

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The idea to design an information system in PT Triwarna Eka Multimedia arises because of the current information system is still very traditional and it has an enormous dependency to physical data. Designing of an information system in PT Triwarna Eka Multimedia is aimed to identify the organization needs in managing their business process operational related to current data of sales, production and inventory. The result from those processes is aimed to build an integrated system that can meet all of the organization’s needs in running their daily business process and facing the rivalry from the competitors. The method used in this paper is a survey, literature review, and analysis of current business processes in the company These needs will be documented by using unified modeling language. This information system makes all the current operational business activities easier with the more enhanced automation than the previous information system. This system will also minimize the data lost and human error, which is usually cause by the manual process and storage data of physical data.

Foliar retention, transport and leaching of polonium-210 and lead-210

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Athalye, V V; Mistry, K B

1972-01-01

Polonium-210 and lead-210, the long-lived daughter radionuclides of gaseous radon-222, are deposited on plant surfaces under conditions of atmospheric washout. Foliar retention, transport and leaching of these radionuclides in Red Kidney beans were investigated in nutrient culture experiments. Under identical conditions, over 90 percent of foliar applied radiolead was retained by the plant while only about 30 percent of polonium was retained. Over a 48-hr period small quantities of polonium were translocated from the treated leaflet to other parts of the plant. By comparison, radiolead was totally immobilized at the site of retention. Leachability of root absorbed radiolead from bean leaves was 20-fold greater than that of polonium. The marked differences in the extent of foliar retention, translocation and leaching of polonium and radiolead could significantly affect the levels of these long-lived radionuclides attained in plants.

EKA - suur tükk ajab suu lõhki / Tuuli Jõesaar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jõesaar, Tuuli

2011-01-01

Eesti Kunstiakadeemia uue hoone arhitektuurikonkursi võidutöö "Art Plaza" projekti muutmisest. Kadunud on korruseid läbinud avatud aatrium. Uuenenud plaanid ei ole veel EKA nõukogu ette jõudnud. Projektis saab muudatusi teha töö autor (Taani bürood SEA ja Effekt koos AET Arhitektide ja Allianss Arhitektidega) koostöös dekaanide, õppejõudude ja tehniliste ekspertidega. Lisandunud on tudengite algatusrühm

WATER QUALITY AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF LOBSTER REARED IN FLOATING NET CAGE IN EKAS BAY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Junaidi

2015-02-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The development of lobster farming in floating net cage in Ekas Bay caused an environmental degradation such as decrease water quality due to some aquaculture wastes. The purposes of this study were to determine the status of water quality and their effect on growth and survival rate of lobster reared in floating net cages (FNC in the Ekas Bay, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Water sample collection and handling referred to the APHA (1992. Analyses of water quality data were conducted using Principal Component Analysis. Determination of the water quality status of Ekas Bay was performed with STORET system. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between water quality, growth, and survival rate of lobster reared in FNC. Results showed that Ekas Bay water quality status was categorized in class C (medium contaminated, which exceeded some quality standard parameters such as ammonia (0.3 mg/l, nitrate (0.008 mg/l, and phosphate (0.015 mg/l. During lobster farming activities feeding with trash fish for 270 days, we obtained daily growth rate of  0.74% (lower than normal growth rate of 0.86%, survival rate of 66% (lower than normal survival rate of 86.7%, and feed conversion ratio of 11.15. Ammonia was found as a dominant factor reducing growth  and survival rate of lobster reared in FNC. Keywords: water quality, lobsters, growth, survival, Ekas Bay

Lead-210 and polonium-210 in grass

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hill, C R

1960-07-16

It appears that an important contribution to the observed ..cap alpha..-activity of grass may be provided by a process of natural fall-out in which lead-210 resulting from decay of atmospheric radon, together with a fraction of the equilibrium amount of its descendant polonium-210 are deposited by rainfall directly on to foliage. Metabolic uptake of part of this activity by sheep is indicated by the presence in the kidney of polonium-210. 6 references, 1 figure, 2 tables.

Polonium assimilation and retention in mule deer and pronghorn antelope

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sejkora, K.J.

1982-01-01

Excretion kinetics and tissue distribution of polonium-210 in mule deer and pronghorn were studied. Each animal in a captive herd of 7 mule deer and 2 pronghorn received an intraruminal injection of 4.4 μCi of polonium chloride. Feces and urine were collected periodically over a 43-day period and daily excretion rate for each pathway was regressed as a function of time. Assimilation fractions of 0.40 and 0.51 were calculated for mule deer (n=2) and 0.60 for a pronghorn. Body burden retention functions were calculated from integrated excretion rate functions. Polonium burdens in muscle, liver, and kidney were calculated as a fraction of body burden from serially-sacrificed animals. Background tissue burdens in mule deer were comparable to those of other ruminants reported in the literature. Hypothetical cases were assumed which combined feeding rate of mule deer, forage concentrations of polonium, retention function, tissue burden fraction, and human intake to estimate human radiation dose. 26 references

ASPEK REPRODUKSI LOBSTER (Panulirus sp. DI PERAIRAN TELUK EKAS PULAU LOMBOK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Junaidi

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Purposes of this research are to know some reproduction aspects of lobster, including sex ratio, gonad maturity level, size of first gonad mature, fekundity, and relationship of length-weight some. This research was conducted in June until November 2009 in Ekas Bay. During research 5 lobsters species were obtained, they are Panulirus homarus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus P. penicillatus and P. longiceps, with their of is well-balanced (1:1. Size of first gonad mature of P. homarus at carapace length 77,44 mm that happened during June - November with fekundity 28.000 - 96.000 granule, P. versicolor at carapace length 82,20 mm that happened during June - September with fekundity 16.500 - 71.000 granule, P. ornatus at carapace length 76,74 mm that happened during September - November with fekundity 47.000 - 87.000 granule, P. penicillatus at carapace length 69,84 mm that happened during June - November with fekundity 31.000 - 150.000 granule and P. longiceps at carapace length 68,47 mm that happened in June - August with fekundity 47.000 - 140.000 granule. Relationship of carapace length and body weight of five species, also male and female was described using linier regression equation and have negative allometrict pattern, where accretion of carapace length was quicker than body weight accretion.Keyword : reproduction aspect, lobster, Ekas Bay

Ab initio study of the trapping of polonium on noble metals

Science.gov (United States)

Rijpstra, Kim; Van Yperen-De Deyne, Andy; Maugeri, Emilio Andrea; Neuhausen, Jörg; Waroquier, Michel; Van Speybroeck, Veronique; Cottenier, Stefaan

2016-04-01

In the future MYRRHA reactor, lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) will be used both as coolant and as spallation target. Due to the high neutron flux a small fraction of the bismuth will transmute to radiotoxic 210Po. Part of this radiotoxic element will evaporate into the gas above the coolant. Extracting it from the gas phase is necessary to ensure a safe handling of the reactor. An issue in the development of suitable filters is the lack of accurate knowledge on the chemical interaction between a candidate filter material and either elemental polonium or polonium containing molecules. Experimental work on this topic is complicated by the high radiotoxicity of polonium. Therefore, we present in this paper a first-principles study on the adsorption of polonium on noble metals as filter materials. The adsorption of monoatomic Po is considered on the candidate filter materials palladium, platinum, silver and gold. The case of the gold filter is looked upon in more detail by examining how bismuth pollution affects its capability to capture polonium and by studying the adsorption of the heavy diatomic molecules Po2, PoBi and PoPb on this gold filter.

Ab initio study of the trapping of polonium on noble metals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rijpstra, Kim; Van Yperen-De Deyne, Andy [Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Ghent (Belgium); Maugeri, Emilio Andrea; Neuhausen, Jörg [Laboratory for Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen (Switzerland); Waroquier, Michel; Van Speybroeck, Veronique [Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Ghent (Belgium); Cottenier, Stefaan, E-mail: stefaan.cottenier@ugent.be [Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Ghent (Belgium); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Ghent (Belgium)

2016-04-15

In the future MYRRHA reactor, lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) will be used both as coolant and as spallation target. Due to the high neutron flux a small fraction of the bismuth will transmute to radiotoxic {sup 210}Po. Part of this radiotoxic element will evaporate into the gas above the coolant. Extracting it from the gas phase is necessary to ensure a safe handling of the reactor. An issue in the development of suitable filters is the lack of accurate knowledge on the chemical interaction between a candidate filter material and either elemental polonium or polonium containing molecules. Experimental work on this topic is complicated by the high radiotoxicity of polonium. Therefore, we present in this paper a first-principles study on the adsorption of polonium on noble metals as filter materials. The adsorption of monoatomic Po is considered on the candidate filter materials palladium, platinum, silver and gold. The case of the gold filter is looked upon in more detail by examining how bismuth pollution affects its capability to capture polonium and by studying the adsorption of the heavy diatomic molecules Po{sub 2}, PoBi and PoPb on this gold filter.

DECONSTRUCTING THE IDEOLOGY OF RESISTANCE SHOWN BY THE PEOPLE LIVING AT CANDIKUNING VILLAGE TO THE MANAGEMENT OF EKA KARYA BALI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Wayan Sujana

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The people living at Candikuning Village are not involved in the management of the Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden; however, they intend to enjoy the retribution which is received by the Botanical Garden, for which they show their resistance to the management. This article is intended to understand the ideology which has inspired the local people to argue that they are entitled to the retribution received by the Eka Karya Bali Botanical Garden.  The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The data were critically analyzed using the deconstruction method. Based on the analysis of the facts which had inspired the resistance shown by the local people living at Candi Kuning Village to the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden, it could be understood that the geopolitical ideology was used as the basis of the resistance. Therefore, the management of the Bali Eka Karya Botanical Garden should give some of the retribution they received to the local people. The Botanical garden is located at Candikuning Village or part of the area of Candikuning Village. However, the village had never received any retribution from the Botanical Garden. The management should remember the proverb “di mana bumi dipijak di situ langit dijunjung” (we should adjust ourselves to the environment where we stay, based on the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, meaning that the management should give retribution to the temple located at the area of the Botanical Garden.

Review of chemical and radiotoxicological properties of polonium for internal contamination purposes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ansoborlo, Eric; Berard, Philippe; Den Auwer, Christophe; Leggett, Rich; Menetrier, Florence; Younes, Ali; Montavon, Gilles; Moisy, Philippe

2012-08-20

The discovery of polonium (Po) was first published in July, 1898 by P. Curie and M. Curie. It was the first element to be discovered by the radiochemical method. Polonium can be considered as a famous but neglected element: only a few studies of polonium chemistry have been published, mostly between 1950 and 1990. The recent (2006) event in which (210)Po evidently was used as a poison to kill A. Litvinenko has raised new interest in polonium. 2011 being the 100th anniversary of the Marie Curie Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the aim of this review is to look at the several aspects of polonium linked to its chemical properties and its radiotoxicity, including (i) its radiochemistry and interaction with matter; (ii) its main sources and uses; (iii) its physicochemical properties; (iv) its main analytical methods; (v) its background exposure risk in water, food, and other environmental media; (vi) its biokinetics and distribution following inhalation, ingestion, and wound contamination; (vii) its dosimetry; and (viii) treatments available (decorporation) in case of internal contamination.

A study on optimum conditions for reducing Polonium-210 ion in electrolysis process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yii Mei Wo

2006-01-01

Polonium-210 is one of the most important radionuclide to be study while studying radioactive contaminants on marine lives. It usually be self-deposited on a pure silver foil and counted using an Alpha Spectrometry System. However, using pure silver foil involves high cost. Therefore, study had been conducted to find the suitability of using stainless steel disc to deposit polonium-210 using electrolysis process and the optimum conditions for such process. This was carry out by using pure polonium-210 standard solution and the ready disc was counted using Zinc Sulphite Counter. Results show that reduction of polonium ion on stainless steel disc can be done but the efficiency of the process only around 70 percent. Besides this, studies also show that, at 1.1 ampere constant current and cathode to anode distance at 8 mm, the optimum conditions to reduce polonium ion were at pH 2.2-2.3 with the electrolysis time of 5 hours. (Author)

Extreme accumulations of natural polonium-210 in certain marine organisms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Folsom, T.R.; Wong, K.M.; Hodge, V.F.

1972-01-01

Concentration levels of polonium-210 reported for sea water are reviewed, and activities accumulated by various marine plant and animal species are discussed. Special mention is made of detailed studies of one giant algae upon whose outer surfaces intense accumulations of polonium have been discovered recently. Some concentrations found in two organisms intimate with algae, the abalones and the sea hares, are reported. Concentrations are listed pertaining to organisms selected from the open ocean in order to show that intense polonium concentrations are not restricted to organisms living near the continents where precursors of polonium originate. A brief discussion of conditions on one of the marine mammals, the dolphin, next is made. Then comments are made upon a benthic species (the sable fish) that prefers to live close to the deep sea floor, presumably so as to eat detritus. They also eat many of the smaller organisms that compete for the natural deep sea fallout of food, and many of these live in close contact with the muds and clays of the sea floor that are rich in radium. Some of the behavior and anatomical features and polonium-210 distribution in one of the most interesting and valuable of fishes, the North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is described. This species has been used previously to tell us something about nuclear fallout distributions in the North Pacific Ocean during the past decade and repeatedly has directed attention to features of this ocean that might hardly be detected otherwise. (U.S.)

Investigation of electrostatic collection of some polonium radioisotopes for plane and hemispheric geometries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lobach, D.J.; Dezhurko, M.D.

2004-01-01

The model approach to the description of the electrostatic collection (precipitation) of short-lived radon daughter products (RDP) is presented. The considerations are based on speculations about current processes (oxidation ( k - the constant of polonium oxidation), recombination (α - the constant of recombination), neutralization (γ - the constant of polonium oxide neutralization) and radioactive decay (λ - the constant of radioactive decay)). The subscript Rn refers to radon; Po, to polonium ( 215 Po, 216 Po, 218 Po); PoO, to polonium oxide (PoO 2 ). There is continuous uniform ionization in working matter of plane electrostatic chamber for RDP collection (the length of the chamber is d). The formation intensity of ion pairs is q, which is in correlation to the volume activity (VA) of radioactive ions in the chamber and irradiation from external sources. It is neglected by ion diffusion during electrostatic collection. Recombination losses are from collisions of heavy ions solely. Positive ions are collected on the working surface of the detector (cathode of the electrostatic chamber). n ± is the volume concentration of positive (negative) ions; ω ± > 0 is the drift velocity of positive (negative) ions. The driftage of positive ions along x-axis (to the cathode) and the balance of ions in dx layer are considered. At k approaching infinity, k >> λ Po + αn - and it is possible to obtain a single expression for the two polonium fractions: ω +PoO (dn +PoO /dx) = λ Rn n Rn - α n +PoO n - - γ n +PoO - λ Po n +PoO . The driftage time of positive ions in plane electrostatic chamber should be τ(drift) = d/ω + PoO is the mobility of polonium ions or aerosol complexes with polonium: ε(U) = [(μ PoO . U)/(d 2 . (λ Po + γ))] . [1 - exp [(d 2 . (λ Po + γ))/(μ PoO . U)

Analysis of polonium-210 in food samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bueno, Luciana; Cunha, Ieda Irma Lamas

1999-01-01

This paper presents the polonium levels in food products. The analysis procedure consisted of acid leaching of the samples, solution evaporation, addition of hydrochloric acid, spontaneous deposition of polonium on a silver disk counting by alpha spectroscopy. The method was applied in reference materials and in foodstuffs, resulting in the following values: tea samples 0.4 to 1.7 Bq/unit; fish = 0.17 to 0.40 Bq/Kg, fruits = 0.048 to 0.067 Bq/kg, vegetables = 0.12 to 0.31 Bq/kg, cereal = 0.036 to 0.042 Bq/kg and legumes = 0.024 to 0.51 Bq/kg. The results are very important for public health due to the possible effects to the human organism by the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. (author)

Investigation of evaporation characteristics of polonium and its lighter homologues selenium and tellurium from liquid Pb-Bi-eutecticum

CERN Document Server

Neuhausen, J; Eichler, B

2004-01-01

The evaporation behaviour of polonium and its lighter homologues selenium and tellurium dissolved in liquid Pb-Bi-eutecticum (LBE) has been studied at various temperatures in the range from 482 K up to 1330 K under Ar/H2 and Ar/H2O-atmospheres using γ-ray spectroscopy. Polonium release in the temperature range of interest for technical applications is slow. Within short term (1h) experiments measurable amounts of polonium are evaporated only at temperatures above 973 K. Long term experiments reveal that a slow evaporation of polonium occurs at temperatures around 873 K resulting in a fractional polonium loss of the melt around 1% per day. Evaporation rates of selenium and tellurium are smaller than those of polonium. The presence of H2O does not enhance the evaporation within the error limits of our experiments. The thermodynamics and possible reaction pathways involved in polonium release from LBE are discussed.

Removal of polonium contamination by lead-bismuth eutectic in nuclear systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miura, Terumitsu; Obara, Toru; Sekimoto, Hiroshi

2003-01-01

Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) is considered as a promising candidate of the coolant of liquid metal cooled fast reactor, and the coolant and/or target of accelerator driven system. LBE has various good characters for coolant, but it has also some problems such as polonium production. It is necessary to take polonium contamination into consideration, when LBE is used as the coolant. In the present paper, the removal of contaminating polonium from material surface is studied. Baking method is investigated for polonium removal from contaminated quartz glass plate in vacuum. Before and after baking, the mass of the contaminants on the surface and alpha particle counts from contaminated surface is measured. When the contaminated quartz glass plates are baked at more than 400degC for a few minutes, alpha particle counts from the surface decreases by more than 99.7%, and the mass of contaminants decreases by more than 50%. When the baking was performed at 300degC for 15 minutes and more, alpha particle count decreases by more than 80%, and the mass decreases in little. When, the baking temperature is lower than 200degC, alpha particle counts and mass do not decrease. (author)

Radiocaesium and polonium in seals from Swedish coastal waters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holm, E.A.B.; Leisvik, M.A.; Holm, E.A.B

2004-01-01

Radiocaesium, 137 Cs (T 1/2 = 30 a) and 210 Po (T 1/2 = 138 d) have been studied in tissues (muscle, liver, kidney and gonads/ovaries) from a large number of seals from the Baltic Sea and the Swedish west coast during 1995-2002. The Baltic Sea is a marginal sea with long residence time for dissolved compounds. Concentrations of radiocaesium increased 10 fold in the Baltic Sea following the Chernobyl accident, while concentrations of polonium can be supposed to be in equilibrium except for seasonal variations. The major food for seals in the Baltic proper is fish, while at the west coast other food stuff such as crustaceans play an important role. By supposing that the seals consume 5% of their body-weight per day and by using known data for caesium and polonium in fish the biological half-life in seals is estimated to 20 days for Caesium and 35 days for Polonium. Radiocaesium is evenly distributed in the organs of the seals and was about 100 Bq kg -1 in the Baltic Sea while at the west coast the concentrations were significantly lower, about 5-30 Bq kg -1 . Polonium shows the highest concentrations in kidney, about 100-200 Bq kg -1 d.w. in the Baltic sea and higher concentrations 100-1000 Bq kg -1 at the west coast. This reflects clearly the differences in food choice/availability in the different areas. The estimated maximal doses were 76 μSv per year to muscle from 137 Cs and 6.8 mSv from 210 Po to kidney. Seals constitute a good bio-marker for radioactivity in Swedish coastal waters. Concentration factors are higher for radiocaesium in the Baltic Sea due to lower salinity and consequently higher concentrations in fish compared to other areas, but lower for polonium than in areas where crustaceans also constitute an important foodstuff. (author)

Planning of Eka Hospital Pekanbaru wastewater recycling facility

Science.gov (United States)

Jecky, A.; Andrio, D.; Sasmita, A.

2018-04-01

The Ministry of Public Works No. 06 2011 required the large scale of water to conserve the water resource, Eka Hospital Pekanbaru have to improve the sewage treatment plant through the wastewater recycling. The effluent from the plant can be used to landscape gardening and non-potable activities. The wastewater recycling design was done by analyzing the existing condition of thesewage treatment plant, determine the effluent quality standards for wastewater recycling, selected of alternative technology and processing, design the treatment unit and analyze the economic aspects. The design of recycling facility by using of combination cartridge filters processing, ultrafiltration membranes, and desinfection by chlorination. The wastewater recycling capacity approximately of 75 m3/day or 75% of the STP effluent. The estimated costs for installation of wastewater recycling and operation and maintenance per month are Rp 111,708,000 and Rp 2,498,000 respectively.

Determination of the polonium-210 content in the urine of Filipino smokers and non-smokers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Juan, N.B.; Ballelos, E.; Bartolome, Z.M.

1975-01-01

Presence of polonium in tobacco poses a health hazard to smokers. Polonium is a pure alpha emitter with an energy of 5.3 MeV decaying with a half-life 138.4 days to a stable isotope of lead. The polonium content in the urine of Filipino smokers was compared with that of non-smokers. The polonium was recovered from urine by centrifugation and deposition into silver discs. Quantitative results were obtained by counting the silver discs using a silicon surface-barrier detector. The average value obtained for smokers which was 0.5003+-0.2988 pCi/24h sample was significantly higher than the value obtained for non-smokers which was 0.2313+-0.1664 pCi/24h sample. The efficiency of the procedure employed encourages the use of urinalysis as a measure of the polonium body burden and also as a rough index of the dose absorbed from radium or any of its daughters

Coulomb excitation of neutron-deficient polonium isotopes studied at ISOLDE

CERN Document Server

Neven, Michiel

The polonium isotopes represent an interesting region of the nuclear chart having only two protons outside the Z = 82 closed shell. These isotopes have already been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally. The heavier isotopes (A > 200) seem to follow a "regular seniority-type regime" while for the lighter isotopes (A < 200) a more collective behavior is observed. Many questions remain regarding the transition between these two regimes and the configuration mixing between quantum states. Experiments in the lighter polonium isotopes point to the presence of shape coexistence, however the phenomenon is not fully understood. A Coulomb excitation study of the polonium isotopes whereby the dynamic properties are investigated can provide helpful insights in understanding the shape coexistence phenomena. In this thesis $^{202}$Po was studied via Coulomb excitation. The $^{202}$Po isotope was part of an experimental campaign in which the $^{196,198,200,206}$Po isotopes were studied as well via Coulomb...

A study of polonium-210 distribution in Syrian phosphogypsum and its leaching mechanisms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Al-Bich, F.

2000-02-01

Polonium 210 distribution in Syrian phosphogypsum and its leaching mechanisms have been evaluated. Radiochemical analysis have shown that 210 Po concentration in Syrian phosphogypsum is always higher than 226 Po concentrations were found to vary between 373 and 589 Bq.Kg -1 with an average value of 471 Bq.Kg -1 , which is lower than those values reported in other countries. 210 Po was found to be more enhanced in smaller particles; a specific activities of 827 Bq.Kg -1 in particles with size less than 250 mesh being observed. Leaching experiments using distilled water have shown that 210 are strongly bounded to phosphogypsum particles. The amount of 210 Po transferred to aqueous media does not exceed 5.6% and 8.4% for batch wise and continuous leaching respectively; lowering the ph has increased this percentage to 20%. In addition, leaching with diluted sulfuric acid indicated that 80% of polonium is present as water insoluble quadrivalent polonium sulphate while 20% as soluble simple polonium sulfate (2PoO 2 .So 3 ). While leaching with selective agents such as MgCl 2 and NH 4 AC have shown that 58% of polonium is present on the surface of gypsum lattice. However, the obtained data could be used to explain environmental pathway of 210 Po from phosphogypsum. (Author)

Neutron-rich polonium isotopes studied with in-source laser spectroscopy

CERN Document Server

Dexters, Wim; Cocolios, T E

This work studies the unknown region of neutron rich polonium isotopes. The polonium isotopes, with Z=84, lie above the magic lead nuclei (Z=82). The motivation for this research can mainly be found in these lead nuclei. When looking at the changes in the mean square charge radii beyond the N=126 shell gap, a kink is observed. This kink is also found in the radon (Z=86) and radium (Z=88) isotopes. The observed effect cannot be reproduced with our current models. The polonium isotopes yield more information on the kink and they are also able to link the known charge radii in lead isotopes to those in radon and radium. Additionally, the nuclear moments of the odd-neutron isotope $^{211}$Po are investigated. This nucleus has two protons and one neutron more than the doubly magic nucleus $^{208}$Pb. Nuclear moments of isotopes close to this doubly magic nucleus are good tests for the theoretic models. Besides pushing the models to their limits, the nuclear moments of $^{211}$Po also yield new information on the f...

Sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berry, F.J.

1987-01-01

This chapter on the coordination compounds of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium starts with an introduction to the bonding, valence and geometry of the elements. Complexes of the group VIB elements are discussed with particular reference to the halo and pseudohalide complexes, oxo acid complexes, oxygen and nitrogen donor complexes and sulfur and selenium donor complexes. There is a section on the biological properties of the complexes discussed. (UK)

Internal dosimetry of polonium-210

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pucelj, B.

2007-01-01

On November 1, 2006, former Russian agent Alexander Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised. He died three weeks later, becoming the first known victim of lethal polonium-210 induced acute radiation syndrome. Po-210 is an alpha emitter and is not a radiological hazard as long as it remains outside the body. If taken into the body, much of Po-210 is subsequently excreted, mostly through faeces and some through urine and other pathways. After uptake by the blood, Po-210 is widely distributed through soft body tissues including bone marrow. The internal dose from polonium in the body gives rise to an increase in lifetime cancer risk. Very high radiation doses can cause severe damage to body tissues and organs and in the extreme can be fatal. The hazard function model was used to estimate the lethal levels of intake of Po-210. In case of Litvinenko the destruction of bone marrow and resulting failure of the immune system was most probably the main cause of death, likely to be compounded by damage caused by higher doses to other organs, including kidneys and liver. It was estimated that the ingestion of several hundreds MBq or just about a microgram of Po-210 can be lethal. (author)

Marie Sklodowska-Curie, polonium, radium and radiochemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guillaumont, R.

2011-01-01

In this work, the author describes how the methodology developed by Marie Curie in discovering polonium and radium has contributed to greater scientific discoveries and how these discoveries have played a great part in the development of science in general and have particularly enriched chemistry. (O.M.)

Determination of polonium-210 levels in some syrian soils and crops

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Othman, I.; Al-Masri, M.S.; Aba, A.A.; Mukhallaty, H.; Al-Hamwy, A.; Khalili, H.

1997-04-01

Polonium 210 levels in the edible port of 19 agricultural crops collected from ten locations in Syria have been determined. Results have been shown that the highest concentrations were found to be in parsley (10.49 Bq/Kg) and this due to high area of its levels. Moreover, the concentrations were low in some vegetables such as tomatoes (0.2 Bq/Kg). In addition, polonium 210 was also determined in Syria soil where it was found to vary between 20 Bq/Kg and 68.8 Bq/Kg). (author). 11 refs., 17 tabs

Levels of polonium-210 in some beverages and in tobacco

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colangelo, C.H.; Huguet, M.R.; Palacios, M.A.; Oliveira, A.A.

1992-01-01

The objective of the present work is the estimation of the Polonium-210 content in some beverages and in tobacco, in order to assess the corresponding collective doses to the population in Argentina. Yerba mate, an autochton plant of South America, tea leaves, their infusion and ground coffee were analyzed as well as tobacco. Collective doses due to annual consumption of the beverages described, resulted in values from 6 man.Sv to 1200 man.Sv. Results for Polonium-210 in tobacco ranged from 10 Bq kg -1 . Doses due to the use of tobacco were not assessed since an appropriate metabolic model was not found. (author)

Deposition potential of polonium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heal, H. G.

1948-11-23

The cathodic deposition potential for polonium in concentrations of 10{sup -13} normal and 8 x 10{sup -13} normal, the former being 100-fold smaller than the smallest concentrations previously studied, has been determined. The value is 0.64 volt on the hydrogen scale. Considering the various ways in which the graphs can reasonably be drawn, we consider the maximum possible error to be of the order of +- 0.03 volt. There is apparently no shift of deposition potential between concentrations of 10{sup -8} and 10{sup -13} normal, indicating that the Nernst equation is not applicable in these circumstances.

Effect of polonium alpha-radiation on aqueous solutions (the history of French and Russian studies)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vladimirova, M.V.

1998-01-01

Since Pierre and Marie Curie's discovery of polonium and radium the effect of their radiation on chemical systems was noted. This gave rise to a new science - radiation chemistry. Systematic studies of radiation effects go back to the mid-1940s. The effect of gamma and x radiation was studied most, while only M. Curie's laboratory in France was concerned with alpha emitting polonium and radon. M. Haissinsky, M. Lefort, P. Bonet-Marry, M. Anta pioneered this activity. Radon was soon abandoned in favour of polonium recovered from RaD. With its short half-life, polonium is an ideal emitter which at its low content by weight produces a highly intensive radiation. French scientists determined radiation yields of H 2 , O 2 , H 2 O 2 and that of water radiolytic decomposition, G[-H 2 O]. The latter was found to be equal to 3.5 molecule/100 eV and much less than that from gamma radiolysis (4.2 molecule/100 eV). It should be noted that the polonium recovered from RaD contained a variety of impurities influencing the yield of radiolysis products formed. From the outset of her study in 1957, the author of this paper used the purest polonium recovered from reactor-irradiated Bi-209. This made it possible to define the yields from alpha radiolysis of various aqueous solutions more exactly. Relying on the J. Pucheault hypothesis concerning the decomposition of molecular radiolysis products in heavy particle tracks, author's efforts were directed toward the quantification of initial radiolysis yields. Special experiments have shown that G[-H 2 O] is much the same from alpha and gamma radiolysis (around 4.2 molecule/100eV). The author had the good luck to discuss her results with Pr. M. Haissinsky from Laboratory Curie. (author)

The Litvinenko polonium-210 case - German experiences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirchner, Gerald; Kroeger, Emily A.

2008-01-01

This paper brings together the measurement results taken and the lessons learned by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection during the polonium-210 incident in Hamburg in late 2006. The incident was pivotal in confirming the importance of the defence against nuclear hazards in Germany and for highlighting the role of communication in the success of a deployment. The background of the case is reviewed and an overview of the German defence against nuclear hazards is given. The various measurement tasks, both at the scene and in the laboratory, and their results are summarized along with the communication challenges experienced. The main conclusions are that the traces of polonium-210 found at the sites were of little radiological consequence and the German defence against nuclear hazards in Germany delivered an excellent and measured response to the incident. However, communication challenges still exist and communication with the public and the emergency responders has to be given high priority during future deployments in order to ensure their success. (author)

Radiocesium and polonium in seals from the Baltic Sea. A preliminary study; Radiocaesium och polonium i sael fran Oestersjoen, en preliminaer studie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holm, E. [Risoe National Lab., Roskilde (Denmark); Leisvik, M. [Lunds Univ., Avd. foer Radiofysik, Lund (Sweden)

2002-04-01

{sup 137}Cs and {sup 210}Po in muscle, liver and kidney from 5 seals from the Baltic Sea have been studied. Assuming that the seals consume 5% of their own body weight each day and by using previously obtained data for the doses in fish, the biological half time has been estimated to 20 days for Cesium and 35 days for Polonium. The maximum yearly doses are calculated to 76 {mu}Gy from {sup 137}CS to muscle and 3 500 {mu}Gy to kidneys from {sup 210}Po. These data are very preliminary, the number of individuals being so small, and it is difficult to estimate how much food other than fish the seals consume. Furthermore only few data for radioactive concentrations in whole fish exist, which especially impacts the results for Polonium. (LN)

Lead-210, polonium-210, and stable lead in the food-chain lichen, reindeer and man

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Persson, B.R.

1972-01-01

The measurements of stable lead and the natural fallout radionuclides lead-210 and polonium-210 in communities of lichen (Cladonia alpestris) in central Sweden from 1961 to 1970 indicate a quite constant level. The average lead-210 content per unit area in lichen carpets was found to be 15 +- 2 nCi m -2 , the average lead-210 activity concentration 6.7 +- 0.9 nCi per kg dry weight and the lead-210 specific activity 630 +- 60 nCi per g of stable lead. The polonium-210/lead-210 activity ratio was about 0.9 +- 0.1. The vertical distribution of lead-210 in the lichen carpet showed a maximum concentration in the top layer. The distribution was similar during 1967 and 1968 but the low amount of precipitation during 1968 and 1969 disturbed the distribution pattern in 1969 and 1970. The transfer of lead-210, polonium-210 and stable lead through the food chain: lichen, reindeer, and man was characterized. The absorbed dose rate in Lapps due to polonium-210 was estimated to be about 6 to 8 mrad per year in gonads and 8 to 20 mrad per year in bone tissues. This is about ten percent of their entire absorbed dose contribution from all natural radiation sources. (U.S.)

Impact of microorganism on polonium volatilization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momoshima, N.; Ishida, A.; Fukuda, A.; Yoshinaga, C.

2007-01-01

Volatilization of polonium by microorganisms, Chromobacterium violaceum, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was examined for pure cultures in LB medium at 30 deg C, showing relative Po emission intensity 100, 10 and 1, respectively. Chromobacterium violaceum pre-cultured in LB medium without Po and suspended in water with Po showed high Po volatilization in spite of poor nutriment condition. Antibiotics inhibit volatilization of Po and cultivation at low temperature greatly reduced volatilization. The results strongly support the biological effects on Po volatilization. (author)

EKA 90. aastapäeva juubelinädalale on planeeritud mitmeid üritusi nii peamajas kui osakondades

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Kunstööstuskooli tutvustavast näitusest. 29. X audoktorite Udo Kultermanni ja Juhani Pallasmaa loengud ning ümarlaua ettekanded (osalejad loetletud), ümarlauda juhib Jüri Soolep. EKA galeriis valgusinstallatsioonide näitus "Think Lightly", osalevad Sirli Põllumäe, Riho Tiivel, Helis Podnek, Marion Uuspõld, Pent Talvet, Mehis Tiitsar, Merike Rehepapp, Veiko Vaine. Üliõpilaste loomingu väljapanekud. 30. X vilistlaspäev, pidulikul aktusel promoveeritakse audoktoriteks Juhani Pallasmaa, Udo Kultermann, Lars Olof Larsson ja Yrjö Sotamaa. Vabade kunstide osakonna rändnäitus "Ekskursioon" sisekaitseakadeemias

Bioaccumulation of polonium 210Po in marine birds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skwarzec, B.; Fabisiak, J.

2007-01-01

The aim of this work was to determine the 210 Po content in marine birds which permanently or temporally live in the Polish part of the Baltic Sea. We chose 11 species of sea birds: three species permanently residing at southern Baltic Sea, four species of wintering birds and three species of migrating birds. The results show that the polonium is non-uniformly distributed in the marine birds. The highest activities of 210 Po were observed in feathers, muscles and liver and the lowest in skin and skeleton. Species of birds that eat crustaceans, molluscs, fish and plants (long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis, white-winged scoter Melanitta fusca) accumulated more polonium than species that eat mainly fish (great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, common guillemot Uria aalge) or plants (tufted duck Aythya fuligula). Moreover, about 63% of the 210 Po that was located in feathers of razorbil (Alca torda) and long-tailed duck (C. hyemalis) was apparently adsorbed, suggesting an external source such as the air. It means that the adsorption of 210 Po on the feather surface may be an important transfer from air to water

Research on the behavior of polonium produced in lead-bismuth eutectic irradiated with neutrons. JAERI's nuclear research promotion program, H10-026. Contract research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sekimoto, Hiroshi; Igashira, Masayuki; Yano, Toyohiko; Obara, Toru; Ohsaki, Toshiro

2002-03-01

Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) is proposed by several research institutes as a coolant of liquid metal cooled fast reactors, instead of sodium, and a target of accelerator driven subcritical nuclear reactor systems (ADS). LBE has some advantages that it is chemically inert compared to sodium and that its melting point is low like sodium. A problem might be that bismuth produces polonium, which is an alpha emitter, by irradiation of neutrons. The purpose of the study is to get information for quantitative estimations of the release of polonium on LBE cooled fast reactors and on ADSs by making it clear about production rate of polonium (information about cross section) by neutron irradiation of LBE, release rate of the produced polonium from LBE, and adsorption rate of the polonium on various materials. To get the information about production rate of polonium, neutron cross sections of bismuth were measured in keV energy region, which was important in fast reactors, by using the Pelletron accelerator in Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology. The obtained neutron capture cross sections were from 1/2 to 1/3 of the evaluated values in JENDL and the obtained polonium production cross sections were almost 1/3 of it. At the same time, an experimental device was designed for heating and adsorption experiments and the performance was tested. The performance of alpha spectrometer was tested also. By those the method was established for the measurement of polonium released from melted LBE after neutron irradiation. (author)

Early onset of ground-state deformation in the neutron-deficient polonium isotopes

CERN Document Server

Cocolios, T E; Seliverstov, M D; Andreyev, A N; Antalic, S; Barzakh, A E; Bastin, B; Buscher, J; Darby, I G; Fedorov, D V; Fedosseyev, V N; Flanagan, K T; Franchoo, S; Fritzsche, S; Huber, G; Huyse, M; Keupers, M; Koster, U; Kudryavtsev, Yu; Mane, E; Marsh, B A; Molkanov, P L; Page, R D; Sjoedin, A M; Stefan, I; Van de Walle, J; Van Duppen, P; Venhart, M; Zemlyanoy, S G; Bender, M; Heenen, P H; 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.052503

2011-01-01

In-source resonant ionization laser spectroscopy of the even-$A$ polonium isotopes $^{192-210,216,218}$Po has been performed using the $6p^37s$ $^5S_2$ to $6p^37p$ $^5P_2$ ($\\lambda=843.38$ nm) transition in the polonium atom (Po-I) at the CERN ISOLDE facility. The comparison of the measured isotope shifts in $^{200-210}$Po with a previous data set allows to test for the first time recent large-scale atomic calculations that are essential to extract the changes in the mean-square charge radius of the atomic nucleus. When going to lighter masses, a surprisingly large and early departure from sphericity is observed, which is only partly reproduced by Beyond Mean Field calculations.

Human absorption and retention of polonium-210 from caribou meat.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, P A; Fisenne, I; Chorney, D; Baweja, A S; Tracy, B L

2001-01-01

The gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors and the biological retention times for polonium were determined for a group of 14 volunteers--seven men and seven women--from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Each volunteer consumed 2.0 kg of caribou meat containing known amounts of naturally occurring 210Po. Urine and faecal samples were collected for up to 65 days after meat consumption and analysed for 210Po. The average GI absorption factor for the 14 volunteers was 56 +/- 4% (range = 31-71%), not significantly different from the ICRP value of 50%. About 3% of absorbed polonium underwent prompt excretion by the urinary pathway. The remainder was retained by the body with a half-time >100 days, compared to the ICRP value of 50 days. The effect of these findings increases the dose estimate for ingestion of 210Po in food by a factor of 1.5 to 3.5. Thus, background doses to people consuming caribou and reindeer may be higher than previously thought.

Human absorption and retention of polonium-210 from caribou meat

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, P.A.; Fisenne, I.; Chorney, D.; Baweja, A.S.; Tracy, B.L.

2001-01-01

The gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors and the biological retention times for polonium were determined for a group of 14 volunteers - seven men and seven women - from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Each volunteer consumed 2.0 kg of caribou meat containing known amounts of naturally occurring 210 Po. Urine and faecal samples were collected for up to 65 days after meat consumption and analysed for 210 Po. The average GI absorption factor for the 14 volunteers was 56±4% (range = 31-71%), not significantly different from the ICRP value of 50%. About 3% of absorbed polonium underwent prompt excretion by the urinary pathway. The remainder was retained by the body with a half-time >100 days, compared to the ICRP value of 50 days. The effect of these findings increases the dose estimate for ingestion of 210 Po in food by a factor of 1.5 to 3.5. Thus, background doses to people consuming caribou and reindeer may be higher than previously thought. (author)

Radiation studies in Lens culinaris: impact of absorbed polonium on microsporogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, V.K.; Tauheed, Nusrat; Jha, V.N.; Tripathi, R.M.

2008-01-01

The root systems of fully grown plants of Lens culinaris (2n=14) were exposed to solutions of different concentrations of polonium (mixture of 208 Po and 209 Po Energy of alpha being 5.1 MeV and 4.9 MeV respectively). Variability in duration of exposure was also maintained. The controlled samples showed normal behavior of chromosomes forming seven bivalents with varying numbers of chiasmata. However, the pollen grain mother cells (PMC) of treated plants harbored a broad spectrum of chromosomal aberrations viz. Clumped configurations, multivalent formation, sticky anaphase bridge and laggards. Clumped configurations following surface stickiness was the most prominent manifestation. It appeared that the alpha particles emitted by the polonium atoms, logged in different organs including the anthers, created a situation akin to chronic internal radiation and inflicting injuries of different extent on the chromosome surface. (author)

Evolution of collective motion in light polonium nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cizewski, J. A.

1998-01-01

The γ-ray spectroscopy of even- and odd-mass isotopes of polonium have been studied using arrays of Ge detectors coupled to recoil-mass analyzers, including recoil-decay tagging techniques. The level energies and B(E2) branching ratios can be reproduced by theoretical frameworks which do not explicitly include proton particle-hole excitations across the Z = 82 shell, conclusions in contrast to those deduced from alpha-decay measurements

Polonium-210 and lead-210 contamination of plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Popova, O N; Taskaev, A I

1977-01-01

A model experiment with a water culture of barley grown in closed vessels, with an increased content of radon-222 in the air, has demonstrated an intensive contamination of the overground part and roots of the plant with polonium-210 and lead-210. Roots having no overground part were affected by radionuclides in a similar way as those of intact plants. Contamination was minimal in the plants grown from soil cultures.

Polonium-210 in the environment around a radioactive waste disposal area and phosphate ore processing plant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arthur, III, W J; Markham, O D

1984-04-01

Polonium-210 concentrations were determined for soil, vegetation and small mammal tissues collected at a solid radioactive waste disposal area, near a phosphate ore processing plant and at two rural areas in southeastern Idaho. Polonium concentrations in media sampled near the radioactive waste disposal facility were equal to or less than values from rural area samples, indicating that disposal of solid radioactive waste at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site has not resulted in increased environmental levels of polonium. Concentrations of /sup 210/Po in soils, deer mice hide and carcass samples collected near the phosphate processing plant were statistically greater than the other sampling locations; however, the mean /sup 210/Po concentration in soils and small mammal tissues from sampling areas near the phosphate plant were only four and three times greater, respectively, than control values. No statistical difference was observed for /sup 210/Po concentrations in vegetation among any of the sampling locations.

Radiocesium and polonium in seals from the Baltic Sea. A preliminary study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holm, E.; Leisvik, M.

2002-01-01

137 Cs and 210 Po in muscle, liver and kidney from 5 seals from the Baltic Sea have been studied. Assuming that the seals consume 5% of their own body weight each day and by using previously obtained data for the doses in fish, the biological half time has been estimated to 20 days for Cesium and 35 days for Polonium. The maximum yearly doses are calculated to 76 μGy from 137 CS to muscle and 3 500 μGy to kidneys from 210 Po. These data are very preliminary, the number of individuals being so small, and it is difficult to estimate how much food other than fish the seals consume. Furthermore only few data for radioactive concentrations in whole fish exist, which especially impacts the results for Polonium. (LN)

PENGARUH PELAYANAN, KINERJA PENGURUS KOPERASI, DAN MOTIVASI BERKOPERASI TERHADAP PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA KOPERASI PEGAWAI REPUBLIK INDONESIA (KPRI EKA KARYA KABUPATEN KENDAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tri Yuni Sulistyowati

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelayanan, kinerja pengurus koperasi, dan motivasi berkoperasi terhadap partisipasi anggota Koperasi Pegawai Republik Indonesia (KPRI Eka Karya Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan populasi berjumlah 496 anggota dengan sampel 83 anggota. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, regresi linier berganda dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan terdapat pengaruh pelayanan, kinerja pengurus koperasi, dan motivasi berkoperasi terhadap partisipasi anggota sebesar 58,2%. Secara parsial pelayanan berpengaruh sebesar 7,1%, kinerja pengurus koperasi berpengaruh sebesar 3,3% dan motivasi berkoperasi berpengaruh sebesar 27%. Dengan pelayanan, kinerja pengurus koperasi, dan motivasi berkoperasi yang baik maka akan meningkatkan partisipasi anggota. The results showed the service, the performance of cooperative management and cooperative motivation affect the participation of members simultaneously by 58.2% while the rest is influenced by other variables not examined. Furthermore, the effect of partial services to the participation of members was 7.1%, the effect of partial performance of the cooperative board member participation was 3.3% and the effect of partial motivation for the participation of members of cooperatives was 27%. Suggestions for KPRI Eka Karya Kendal is to be improving as more responsive services tehadap complaints, better hygiene as well as expanding the cooperative store stores that optimal participation of more members.

Polonium content in sediments and other solid tailings generated by mining industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chmielewska, Izabela; Michalik, Boguslaw [Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute, 40-166 Katowice, Pl. Gwarkow 1 (Poland)

2014-07-01

All legal limits or recommendations concerning NORM include only primordial radionuclides and secular equilibrium state among all decay products is assumed. This is not valid for a majority of residues from NORM industry where activity concentration of progenies can substantially differ each other. Upper Silesia Coal Basin is a unique region where mining activity is continuously done over longer period of time and this include discharging of radium-bearing water to environment and creating huge amount of solid wastes where at the beginning radium is the most dominant radionuclide. With time other daughter products start to build up and actual exposure to radiation is changing. One of them is polonium that with regard to its chemical properties can be easily accumulated in non-human biota resulting in the increase of radiation exposure. In our work we focused attention on sediments where content of {sup 210}Po was determined by chemical separation followed by alpha spectrometry. Chemical preparation involves organic matter destruction and dissolution of the sample itself (if possible). In our research we employed wet digestion by means of mixture of concentrated acids: HNO{sub 3}, HClO{sub 4}, HCl. Later on polonium was spontaneously deposited onto silver disc and measured with use of alpha spectrometry. In this article we want to show results of our study and as well to present some conclusions concerning changes in radiation risk assessment when actual concentration of polonium is taken into consideration. (authors)

Hair as an indicator of the body content of polonium in humans: preliminary results from study of five male volunteers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rääf, C.L.; Holstein, H.; Holm, E.; Roos, P.

2015-01-01

The radionuclide 210 Po is of importance from a radiation protection view and has properties that cause special problems when attempting to determine the body content in humans. Estimates have traditionally been made from either urine and/or fecal samples, which require a time-consuming radiochemical preparation before alpha spectrometric determination. In order to find a more simple and less labor intensive method hair has been used as a bioindicator and investigated in this study. The relationship between intake and excretion in hair has been estimated in five volunteers who ingested radioactive polonium ( 209 Po as a bio-tracer for 210 Po) in well determined quantities. Four of the volunteers were given 5–10 Bq 209 Po in a single intake (acute intake) and one volunteer has ingested a daily intake of 58.7 mBq 209 Po for a period of 180 d. Human hair was found to reflect the daily clearance of ingested polonium peaking at 0.001–0.01% d −1 of the ingested amount, thereafter decreasing mono-exponentially, corresponding to a biological half-time of 10–20 days. For the case of protracted intake a mono-exponential build-up was observed with a half-time of 40 ± 5 d. In addition, after cessation of intake, a short-term component (74%) with a biological half-time of 16 ± 4 d, and a long-term component (26%) with a half-time of 93 ± 53 d were observed. It is concluded that hair can be used to detect not only the amount of ingested polonium but also whether the intake was protracted or acute. - Highlights: • After single intakes polonium is excreted in hair with biological half-times (range 15–30 days). • Polonium concentration vs position in hair strand reflects the intake history of subject. • For acute intakes peak hair concentration or daily excretion can be related to the amount of intake. • Protracted intakes of polonium result in an increase in Po concentration in hair, reaching equilibrium after 180 days. • Bi-exponential decay of

Polonium-210 budget in cigarettes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khater, A.E.M.

2004-01-01

Due to the relatively high activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb that are found in tobacco and its products, cigarette smoking highly increases the internal intake of both radionuclides and their concentrations in the lung tissues. That might contribute significantly to an increase in the internal radiation dose and in the number of instances of lung cancer observed among smokers. Samples of most frequently smoked fine and popular brands of cigarettes were collected from those available on the Egyptian market. 210 Po activity concentrations were measured by alpha spectrometry, using surface barrier detectors, following the radiochemical separation of polonium. Samples of fresh tobacco, wrapping paper, fresh filters, ash and post-smoking filters were spiked with 208 Po for chemical recovery calculation. The samples were dissolved using mineral acids (HNO 3 , HCl and HF). Polonium was spontaneously plated-out on stainless steel disks from diluted HCl solution. The 210 Po activity concentration in smoke was estimated on the basis of its activity in fresh tobacco and wrapping paper, fresh filter, ash and post-smoking filters. The percentages of 210 Po activity concentrations that were recovered from the cigarette tobacco to ash, post-smoking filters, and smokes were assessed. The results of this work indicate that the average (range) activity concentration of 210 Po in cigarette tobacco was 16.6 (9.7-22.5) mBq/cigarette. The average percentages of 210 Po content in fresh tobacco plus wrapping paper that were recovered by post-smoking filters, ash and smoke were 4.6, 20.7 and 74.7, respectively. Cigarette smokers, who are smoking one pack (20 cigarettes) per day, are inhaling on average 123 mBq/d of 210 Po and 210 Pb each. The annual effective doses were calculated on the basis of 210 Po and 210 Pb intake with the cigarette smoke. The mean values of the annual effective dose for smokers (one pack per day) were estimated to be 193 and 251 μSv from 210 Po and 210

Determination of polonium 210 in different types of tobacco consumed in Sudan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdulrahman, M. E.

2011-01-01

The carcinogenic effect of 210 Po with respect to lung cancer is an important problem in many countries with very high cigarette consumption. Sudan is one of the consumptions of cigarettes in the world. The aim of this study was the determination polonium-210 in different parts of tobacco plant comes from China and Brazil consumed in cigarette in Sudan and determination of 210 Po in five most frequently smoked brands more consumption in Sudan. The annual committed effective dose from cigarette was determined and comparison with other results reported in literature. The tobacco plant (leaves and root) for analysis were collected from Haggar factory in Sudan and another brand were collected randomly from markets, only the most popular one was chosen for analysis (Bringi, Lord, Winner, Goal, Benson). The polonium-210 activity was measured on an alpha-spectrometer equipped with semiconductor surface barrier silicon detectors after spontaneously plated onto asilver disc from hydrochloric acid medium. Polonium samples were measured for 2-3 days. The accuracy and precision of radiochemical method were evaluated using (IAEA-326). The values of activity concentration of 210 Po found in cigarettes consumed in Sudan are within of the range of values found in the literature. The 210 Po presented concentration in different brands ranging from 22.8 to 51.6 Bqkg -1 (average 36.54 Bq kg -1 ). The activity concentration of 210 Po in popular brand cigarette tobacco is higher than that in fine brand cigarette tobacco. Found the highest concentration in the raw material compared to the final product is attributed that to the import, storage and manufacturing processes. Activity determination indicates those cigarettes consumed in Sudan are comparable to the values reported in China and Brazil that the raw material comes from these two countries. The polonium is non-uniformly distributed within the tobacco plants analyzed in this study, the highest levels were found in the leaves

Polonium 210Po activities in human blood of patients with ischaemic heart disease from Gda?sk in Poland

OpenAIRE

Bory?o, Alicja; Skwarzec, Bogdan; Roma?czyk, Grzegorz; Siebert, Janusz

2013-01-01

The determination of polonium 210Po in human blood samples is presented and discussed in this paper. The human blood samples were collected from patients of Medical University of Gda?sk with ischaemic heart disease (morbus ischaemicus cordis, MIC). The polonium concentrations in analyzed human blood samples are very differentiated. 210Po is of particular interest in public health and although is present in the environment in extremely low amounts, it is easily bioaccumulated to the human body...

Estimation of polonium concentration in groundwater samples from the Peddagattu/Nambapur and Seripalli regions using alpha-spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raghavendra, T.; Srilatha, K.; Mahender, C.; Elender; Vijaya Lakshmi, T.; Himabindu, V.; Vishwa Prasad; Padma Savithri, P.; Datta, D.; Arunachalam, J.

2013-01-01

The decay of uranium series in the earth crust remains the final and long lived radionuclides 210 Po and 210 Pb in the environment. Their presence in the atmosphere is due to the decay of 222 Rn diffusing from the ground. This study was carried out with an objective of estimation of polonium concentration in a uranium mineralized zone in Peddagattu and Seripalli areas of Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples were collected from 12 wells, and frequency of these collections was once in a quarter from May 2010 to Dec 2011. The alpha-spectrometry has been applied to analyze these samples. Observation reveals that the activity concentration of Polonium in the water samples of Peddagattu and Seripally regions range from 0.3 mBq/l to 2.80 mBq/l with Geometric mean of 0.89 mBq/l and Geometric Standard deviation of 2.72 and from 0.3 mBq/l to 4.68 mBq/l with a Geometric mean of 0.91 and Geometric standard deviation of 3.22 respectively. As per WHO standards, the maximum permissible limit in drinking water for Polonium is 0.55 Bq/l. Hence all the 12 samples are falling well under the permissible limit. This paper presents the analytical details for estimating polonium as a natural radioactive element in groundwater as well as surface water samples collected from the Nambapur/Peddagattu and Seripalli regions. (author)

Bioaccumulation of polonium ({sup 210}Po) and uranium ({sup 234}U, {sup 238}U) in plants around phosphogypsum waste heap in Wislinka (northern Poland)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borylo, A.; Skwarzec, B. [Gdansk Univ. (Poland). Faculty of Chemistry

2011-07-01

In the study the activities of polonium {sup 210}Po and uranium {sup 234}U, {sup 238}U in plants, collected near phosphogypsum waste heap in Wis'linka (northern Poland), were determined by using the alpha spectrometry. The obtained results revealed that the concentrations of {sup 210}Po, {sup 234}U, and {sup 238}U in the analyzed plants were differentiated. In the analyzed flora organisms the highest amounts of polonium and uranium were found in ruderal plant samples as well as willow samples (Salix viminalis) from protection zone of phosphogypsum waste heap. The concentrations of {sup 210}Po, {sup 234}U and {sup 238}U in the analyzed plants were higher in roots than in green parts of plants. The higher concentrations of {sup 210}Po and {sup 238}U radionuclides were estimated for hydrophyte (common sedge Carex nigra Reichard), the favourite habitat of which is particularly wet meadow and for plants collected in the vicinity of phosphogypsum waste heap. The major source of polonium and uranium in analyzed plants is root system. The values of {sup 234}U/ {sup 238}U activity ratio in all analyzed plants are closed to one, what indicated that source of uranium in analyzed plants is phosphogypsum. The highest uranium and polonium concentrations were characterized for plants, which are covered with tomentose. The comparability polonium and uranium contents were confirmed in edible plants, but higher accumulation was determined in ripe species than immature species of vegetables. The higher polonium and uranium concentrations were noticed in green parts of plant, the lower in roots. Polonium concentration in cultivated plants samples was not species diverse. Therefore, the significant source of polonium and uranium in analyzed plants is wet and dry atmospheric falls gathering the soil and air dust from phosphogypsum waste dump. The maximum {sup 210}Po and {sup 238}U radionuclides concentrations were found in green parts of red beet (Beta vulgaris esculenta), the

Transfer of the uranium decay products, polonium-210 and lead-210, through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain in northern Canada (manuscript report)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, P.A.

1991-05-01

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the accumulation and transfer of polonium-210 and lead-210 in the arctic food chain, lichen-caribou-wolf, in the Northwest Territories. Polonium-210 arises from lead-210 decay and is a widespread alpha-emitting radionuclide. It seeks soft tissue and has the potential to accumulate in the food chain. Caribou, wolves and other wildlife may become exposed to enhanced levels of these two uranium-series radionuclides if the proposed uranium mine near Baker Lake, Northwest Territories, proceeds. Baker Lake lies at the crossroads of the ranges of the Beverly, the Kaminuriak and the Wager Bay caribou herds. Therefore, it is important to establish baseline concentrations and natural food chain transfer of uranium series radionuclides, in this study. This information can be used for baseline data before any further mining development takes place. This study will also provide data regarding the statistical uncertainty attached to transfer coefficients. This can help ensure reliable and appropriate future monitoring of environmental change. With the participation of the hunters of Baker Lake, caribou and wolf samples were collected and analyzed for polonium. Results indicate that polonium-210 activity in caribou tissues were somewhat higher than previous data reported from Alaska. Transfer coefficients for polonium-210 from caribou to wolf were near unity for many tissues. However, polonium-210 does not appear to cross the placenta in caribou. Further study includes lichen collections and collection of further caribou samples from the beverly herd in order to determine transfer from lichens to caribou in both the Baker Lake and Snowdrift areas in the Northwest Territories. (author). 26 refs., 3 tabs

Transfer of the uranium decay products, polonium-210 and lead-210, through the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain in northern Canada (manuscript report)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, P A [Sasatchewan Univ., Saskatoon (Canada). Biology Dept.

1991-05-01

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the accumulation and transfer of polonium-210 and lead-210 in the arctic food chain, lichen-caribou-wolf, in the Northwest Territories. Polonium-210 arises from lead-210 decay and is a widespread alpha-emitting radionuclide. It seeks soft tissue and has the potential to accumulate in the food chain. Caribou, wolves and other wildlife may become exposed to enhanced levels of these two uranium-series radionuclides if the proposed uranium mine near Baker Lake, Northwest Territories, proceeds. Baker Lake lies at the crossroads of the ranges of the Beverly, the Kaminuriak and the Wager Bay caribou herds. Therefore, it is important to establish baseline concentrations and natural food chain transfer of uranium series radionuclides, in this study. This information can be used for baseline data before any further mining development takes place. This study will also provide data regarding the statistical uncertainty attached to transfer coefficients. This can help ensure reliable and appropriate future monitoring of environmental change. With the participation of the hunters of Baker Lake, caribou and wolf samples were collected and analyzed for polonium. Results indicate that polonium-210 activity in caribou tissues were somewhat higher than previous data reported from Alaska. Transfer coefficients for polonium-210 from caribou to wolf were near unity for many tissues. However, polonium-210 does not appear to cross the placenta in caribou. Further study includes lichen collections and collection of further caribou samples from the beverly herd in order to determine transfer from lichens to caribou in both the Baker Lake and Snowdrift areas in the Northwest Territories. (author). 26 refs., 3 tabs.

Phase stability, elasticity, and theoretical strength of polonium from first principles

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Legut, Dominik; Friák, Martin; Šob, Mojmír

2010-01-01

Roč. 81, č. 21 (2010), 214118/1/-214118/19/ ISSN 1098-0121 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA100100920; GA MŠk(CZ) OC10008 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20410507 Keywords : polonium * phase stability * elasticity * theoretical strength * ab initio calculations Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.772, year: 2010

Preparation of a Strong Thin Polonium Source And Preliminary Experiments on the Yield of (α,n) Reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broda, E.

1945-01-01

This report was written by E. Broda and P. K. Wright at the Cavendish Laboratory (Cambridge) in July 1945 and is about the preparation of a strong thin polonium source and preliminary experiments on the yield of (alpha,n) reactions. This report includes the experiment description, the discussion of the results and consist of 4 parts: (1) the electrode position of polonium under different conditions (2) a standard procedure for preparation of strong thin Po sources (3) a simple method for the recovery of RaD from complex mixtures (4) some preliminary experiments with a Po source. (nowak)

Preparation of a Strong Thin Polonium Source And Preliminary Experiments on the Yield of (α,n) Reactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broda, E.

1945-07-01

This report was written by E. Broda and P. K. Wright at the Cavendish Laboratory (Cambridge) in July 1945 and is about the preparation of a strong thin polonium source and preliminary experiments on the yield of (alpha,n) reactions. This report includes the experiment description, the discussion of the results and consist of 4 parts: (1) the electrode position of polonium under different conditions (2) a standard procedure for preparation of strong thin Po sources (3) a simple method for the recovery of RaD from complex mixtures (4) some preliminary experiments with a Po source. (nowak)

Determination of polonium 210 in different types of tobacco consumed in Sudan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdulrahman, M E [Sudan Academy of Sciences, Atomic Energy Council, Khartoum (Sudan)

2011-01-15

The carcinogenic effect of {sup 210} Po with respect to lung cancer is an important problem in many countries with very high cigarette consumption. Sudan is one of the consumptions of cigarettes in the world. The aim of this study was the determination polonium-210 in different parts of tobacco plant comes from China and Brazil consumed in cigarette in Sudan and determination of {sup 210} Po in five most frequently smoked brands more consumption in Sudan. The annual committed effective dose from cigarette was determined and comparison with other results reported in literature. The tobacco plant (leaves and root) for analysis were collected from Haggar factory in Sudan and another brand were collected randomly from markets, only the most popular one was chosen for analysis (Bringi, Lord, Winner, Goal, Benson). The polonium-210 activity was measured on an alpha-spectrometer equipped with semiconductor surface barrier silicon detectors after spontaneously plated onto asilver disc from hydrochloric acid medium. Polonium samples were measured for 2-3 days. The accuracy and precision of radiochemical method were evaluated using (IAEA-326). The values of activity concentration of {sup 210} Po found in cigarettes consumed in Sudan are within of the range of values found in the literature. The {sup 210} Po presented concentration in different brands ranging from 22.8 to 51.6 Bqkg{sup -1}(average 36.54 Bq kg{sup -1}). The activity concentration of {sup 210} Po in popular brand cigarette tobacco is higher than that in fine brand cigarette tobacco. Found the highest concentration in the raw material compared to the final product is attributed that to the import, storage and manufacturing processes. Activity determination indicates those cigarettes consumed in Sudan are comparable to the values reported in China and Brazil that the raw material comes from these two countries. The polonium is non-uniformly distributed within the tobacco plants analyzed in this study, the highest

In-source laser spectroscopy of polonium isotopes: From atomic physics to nuclear structure

CERN Multimedia

Rothe, S

2014-01-01

The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source RILIS [1] at the CERN-ISOLDE on-line radioactive ion beam facility is essential for ion beam production for the majority of experiments, but it is also powerful tool for laser spectroscopy of rare isotopes. A series of experiments on in-source laser spectroscopy of polonium isotopes [2, 3] revealed the nuclear ground state properties of 191;211;216;218Po. However, limitations caused by the isobaric background of surface-ionized francium isotopes hindered the study of several neutron rich polonium isotopes. The development of the Laser Ion Source and Trap (LIST) [4] and finally its integration at ISOLDE has led to a dramatic suppression of surface ions. Meanwhile, the RILIS laser spectroscopy capabilities have advanced tremendously. Widely tunable titanium:sapphire (Ti:Sa) lasers were installed to complement the established dye laser system. Along with a new data acquisition system [5], this more versatile laser setup enabled rst ever laser spectroscopy of the radioact...

Transfer of the uranium decay products, polonium-210 and lead-210, through the lichen-cariboo-wolf food chain in northern Canada. Manuscript report No. MR18-91

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, P A

1991-01-01

Study to investigate the accumulation and transfer of polonium-210 and lead-210 in the Arctic food chain lichen-caribou-wolf in the Northwest Territories. With the participation of the hunters of Baker Lake, caribou and wolf samples were collected and analyzed for polonium. The level of polonium-210 was determined in lichen, several caribou tissues, and several wolf tissues. Transfer coefficients were derived between trophic levels in the food chain and the Po-210:PB-210 ratios for lichens and selected tissues in caribou and wolf were determined.

Measurement the concentration of polonium 210Po and find annual dose resulting from eating certain foods by the individual Iraqi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Emam, A. M.; Mhemeed, A.K.; Hasan, H.I.

2012-12-01

The present study aims to determine the concentration of polonium 2 10P o in some of the food consumed by the Iraqi individual collecting (27) sample produced within the country, including imported and available in local markets to some Iraqi provinces, and these foods included potatoes, wheat and fish. To find concentration of polonium 2 10P o method is used chemical separation and deposition on silver disc, and use surface barrier detector to find alpha particle spectrum for polonium and find concentrations ere at 7.15, 2.58, 6.86 Bq / kg, for each of potatoes, wheat and fish, respectively, Daily intake rate for polotuinm 2 10P o which found in the food under study was measured, and show that the annual dose resulting from eating foods that contain this element was at 4.55, 87,69, 0.298 μSv/ y for food stuff mentioned are compatible with universal values and within the permissible limits worldwide. (Author)

Polonium 210Po activities in human blood of patients with ischaemic heart disease from Gdansk in Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alicja Borylo; Bogdan Skwarzec; Grzegorz Romanczyk; Janusz Siebert

2013-01-01

The determination of polonium 210 Po in human blood samples is presented and discussed in this paper. The human blood samples were collected from patients of Medical University of Gdansk with ischaemic heart disease (morbus ischaemicus cordis, MIC). The polonium concentrations in analyzed human blood samples are very differentiated. 210 Po is of particular interest in public health and although is present in the environment in extremely low amounts, it is easily bioaccumulated to the human body. The study shows that the amount of 210 Po that is incorporated into the human body depends on the food habits and some difference in its levels could be observed between smokers and non-smokers. (author)

Study on auto-plating process time versus recovery for polonium, Po-210 in environmental sample

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jalal Sharib; Zaharudin Ahmad; Abdul Kadir Ishak; Norfaizal Mohamed; Ahmad Sanadi Abu Bakar; Yii Mei Wo; Kamarozaman Ishak; Siti Aminah Yusoff

2008-08-01

This study was carried out to evaluate time effectiveness and recovery 16 samples of 4 Kuala Muda stations during auto-plating process procedures for determination Polonium, Po 210 activity concentration in environmental sample. The study was performed using Kuala Muda sediment as sample in the same methodology. The auto-plating process runs for 4, 12, 24 and 30 hours on a silver disc for 4 samples each station, and then counted for one (1) day using an alpha spectrometry counting system. The objectives for this study is to justify on time duration for auto-plating process effecting a chemical yield of Po-209.The results showed recovery are increasing versus time and constantly at 24 hour auto-plating. Its mean, 24 hour is an optimum time for auto-plating process for determination of Polonium, Po 210 activity concentration in environmental sample. (Author)

Speciation, analysis and ion exchange behavior of polonium and other natural radionuclides in drinking water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katzlberger, C.J.

2000-09-01

In the first chapter of this work, the hydrolysis reaction of trace amounts of polonium was studied with a cation exchange method. In a 1 M (H,Na)ClO4 solution with p[H] > 0.3, polonium occurred in the form of univalent cation Po(OH)3+ and a neutral species Po(OH)4. The former is predominant in strongly acidic media (0.3 90 % determined via lead recovery with AAS. Minimum detectable activities of 0.4 mBq/l and 1.0 mBq/l could be achieved for 210Po and 210Bi (210Pb) respectively. Results ranged from 1.5-20 mBq/l and more in cases of extremely high 222Rn concentrations. Post sampling radon decay during the period between sampling and analysis plays an important role and strongly influences the obtained results. (author)

Distribution of polonium-210 in the human lung

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen, Beverly S.; Eisenbud, Merril; Wrenn, McDonald E.; Harley, Naomi H.

1978-01-01

Knowledge of the distribution of 210 Po in the lungs of cigarette smokers is essential if the role of this alpha emitter in smoking related carcinogenesis is to be understood. To resolve this question the tracheobronchial tree is separated from the parenchyma and both are analyzed for 210 Po. Some polonium is cleared to the blood and systemically redistributed. Since systemic distribution should produce the same partition of the nuclide in smokers and nonsmokers, an excess found in either fraction would indicate retention of inhaled 210 Po or its grandparent 210 Pb. We will report the results of these analyses in five smokers and 5 nonsmokers. (author)

Exposure of cuban population due to dietary intake of lead 210 and polonium 210

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brigido Flores, O.; Barreras Caballero, A.; Montalvan Estrada, A.; Alonso Hernandez, C.; Tomas Zerquera, J.

2000-01-01

Data are presented on the concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in potable water and different food items collected from various locations in Cuba. The electroplating of polonium at two different times onto copper disks and further measurement of alpha activity was the method used for 210Po determination in foods and water. The Polonium daughter is used to determine both the 210Pb and 210Po using the Bateman equations for radioactive growth and decay. The average 210Pb and 210Po concentration in potable water was 3 and 2 mBq.l-1, respectively and concentration in total diet averaged 47.7 mBq.kg-1 for 210Pb and 131.9 mBq.kg-1 for 210Po. The annual effective dose estimated due to ingestion of these nuclides contained in foods and potable water reported a value of 77.7 [Sv corresponding the 95.7 % to the food consuming

Deformation and mixing of co-existing shapes in the neutron-deficient polonium isotopes

CERN Document Server

AUTHOR|(CDS)2078559; Huyse, Mark

The neutron-deficient polonium isotopes, with only 2 protons outside the Z = 82 shell closure, are situated in an interesting region of the nuclear chart. In the neighboring lead (Z = 82) and mercury (Z = 80) isotopes, experimental and theoretical efforts identified evidence of shape coexistence. Shape coexistence is the remarkable phenomenon in which two or more distinct types of deformation occur in states of the same angular momentum and similar excitation energy in a nucleus. The neutron-deficient polonium isotopes have also been studied intensively, experimentally as well as theoretically. The closed neutron-shell nucleus 210Po (N = 126) manifests itself as a two-particle nucleus where most of the excited states can be explained by considering the degrees of freedom of the two valence protons outside of 208Pb. The near-constant behavior of the yrast 2+1 and 4+1 states in the isotopes with mass 200 ≤ A ≤ 208 can be explained by coupling the two valence protons to a vibrating lead core. 200Po seems to ...

Accumulation of polonium 210Po in tissues and organs of deer carvidae from Northern Poland.

Science.gov (United States)

Skwarzec, Bogdan; Prucnal, Malgorzata

2007-01-01

This study was undertaken to provide information on accumulation of polonium in tissues and organs of deer carvidae in order to assess the potential transport of this element via food-chain to game meat consumers. Livers, kidneys and muscles of large herbivorous animals belonging to three species: roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama), collected in Northern Poland, were the subject of the present investigation. Activities of (210)Po were determined by means of alpha spectrometry along with relevant radiochemical procedures. The concentration of (210)Po in analyzed animals decreased in the order kidney > liver > muscle tissue. The average activity concentrations of (210)Po ranged between 0.02 +/- 0.01 Bq. kg(- 1) w.w. in muscles and 7.15 +/- 0.12 Bq. kg(- 1) w.w. in kidneys. Levels of polonium were not influenced by sampling location, sex, age and species of animals.

ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN, PEMBELIAN DAN KAS PT. BERLIAN EKA SAKTI TANGGUH, MEDAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pwee Leng

2001-01-01

Full Text Available The rise of globalization causes the influence of a company's environment to be wider and more complex. The role of handling information is very dominant in highly competitive situations, especially in the business world. Information has even been accepted as one of the business resources, where the company attempts to optimize the role of information in management decision-making, for planning, operations and even control. With the help of computer technology, the spread of information, which initially was quite limited, can now be distributed according to need. This is also the case in accounting, where accounting information, which before only had a role at the operations control level, now has a role in management control. As a result of the increasing role of information in accounting, a system is needed to organize the accounting information in order to give the company a strategic competitive advantage. Because of that, Berlian Eka Sakti Tangguh, an export-oriented company located in Medan, operating in the cooking oil industry has purposed to upgrade the present system (semi-computerized to become a computerized, on-line system in order to help the company face the ever-increasing competition in the business world. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Derasnya arus globalisasi menyebabkan pengaruh lingkungan usaha di tempat perusahaan beroperasi menjadi semakin luas dan kompleks. Peran penguasaan informasi menjadi sangat dominan dalam persaingan yang ketat, tidak terkecuali dalam dunia bisnis. Bahkan informasi telah diakui sebagai salah satu sumber daya, dimana perusahaan berupaya mengoptimalkan peran informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan manajemen baik untuk perencanaan, pelaksanaan, maupun pengendalian. Dengan bantuan teknologi komputer, penyebaran informasi yang pada awalnya sangat terbatas kini telah dapat didistribusikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Demikian pula pada bidang akuntansi, dimana informasi akuntansi yang sebelumnya hanya berperan

Analysis of prospecting effect of polonium survey and geoelectric survey extracted uranium and molybdenum in the south of Shengyuan volcanic basin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin Hehai

2007-01-01

Polonium survey and geoelectric survey extracted uranium and molybdenum show that compound anomaly with sharp anomaly peak of the curve of polonium-210, uranium, molybdenum appears along many survey lines in Bakou area, Shengyuan volcanic basin, which may reflect the enrichment of uranium and molybdenum in rock formation and soil layer. By contrasting the anomaly curve to that above the buried uranium deposit, it is recognized that compound anomaly is closely related to the uranium mineralization condition in the area and some favourable sites for uranium metallogeny have been predicated. (authors)

Polonium (210Po) and uranium (234U, 238U) in water, phosphogypsum and their bioaccumulation in plants around phosphogypsum waste heap at Wislinka (nothern Poland)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skwarzec, B.; Borylo, A.; Kosinska, A.; Radzajewska, S.

2010-01-01

The principal sources of polonium and uranium radionuclides the Wislinka area waste dump are phosphorites and phosphogypsum produced by the Phosphoric Fertilizers Industry of Gdansk. The values of uranium and polonium concentration in water with immediate surroundings of waste heap are considerably higher than in the waters of the Martwa Wisla river. The activity ratio 234 U/ 238 U is approximately about one in the phosphogypsum (0.97±0.06 and 0.99±0.04) and in the water of a retention reservoir and a pumping station (0.92±0.01 and 0.99±0.04), while in the water from the Martwa Wisla river is slightly higher than one (1.00±0.07 and 1.06±0.02). The leaching process of uranium and polonium from the phosphogypsum waste heap is responsible for the maximum uranium concentration (1097±6 μg·dm -3 and 1177±6 μg·dm -3 ) and the high 210 Po concentration (131.4±0.9 mBq·dm -3 and 165.7±1.4 mBq·dm -3 ) in the retention reservoir. The major source of polonium and uranium in plants are wet and dry atmospheric falls gathering soil and air dust from the phosphogypsum waste dump and root system. The highest uranium and polonium concentrations were found in older part of grasses (yellow oatgrass, meadow foxtail, moneywort), exposed to atmospheric falls for a long time. The maximum concentrations of 210 Po were characterized for samples of plant root collected at the retention reservoir (150.50±4.97 and 108.55±3.95 Bq·kg -1 dry mass). Polonium and uranium concentrations in water samples of the Martwa Wisla river are relatively low in comparison with the value in the retention reservoir and pumping station near the phosphogypsum waste heap. This suggests that the radionuclides could be leached from the dumping site to the surrounding environment. (authors)

Polonium-210 in mussels and fish from the Baltic-North Sea estuary

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dahlgaard, H.

1996-01-01

Polonium-210 has been measured in Danish fish meat caught in the North Sea, the Kattegat and the Baltic in 1991-1994. Average values of 0.35, 0.65 and 0.96 Bq Po-210 kg(-1) fresh weight were observed for cod, herring and plaice fillets, respectively. The difference between species is statistically...... in fish and mussels may represent a natural baseline. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd....

The sorption of polonium, actinium and protactinium onto geological materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baston, G.M.N.; Berry, J.A.; Brownsword, M.; Heath, T.G.; Ilett, D.J.; McCrohon, R.; Tweed, C.J.; Yui, M.

1999-01-01

This paper describes a combined experimental and modeling program of generic sorption studies to increase confidence in the performance assessment for a potential high-level radioactive waste repository in Japan. The sorption of polonium, actinium and protactinium onto geological materials has been investigated. Sorption of these radioelements onto bentonite, tuff and granodiorite from equilibrated de-ionized water was studied under reducing conditions at room temperature. In addition, the sorption of actinium and protactinium was investigated at 60 C. Thermodynamic chemical modeling was carried out to aid interpretation of the results

The sorption of polonium, actinium and protactinium onto geological materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baston, G.M.N.; Berry, J.A.; Brownsword, M.; Heath, T.G.; Ilett, D.J.; McCrohon, R.; Tweed, C.J.; Yui, M.

1999-07-01

This paper describes a combined experimental and modeling program of generic sorption studies to increase confidence in the performance assessment for a potential high-level radioactive waste repository in Japan. The sorption of polonium, actinium and protactinium onto geological materials has been investigated. Sorption of these radioelements onto bentonite, tuff and granodiorite from equilibrated de-ionized water was studied under reducing conditions at room temperature. In addition, the sorption of actinium and protactinium was investigated at 60 C. Thermodynamic chemical modeling was carried out to aid interpretation of the results.

Intake of lead210 and polonium210 by inhalation of atmospheric air and cigarette smoke

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brigido Flores, Osvaldo; Montalvan Estrada, Adelmo; Alonso Hernandez, Carlos; Tomas Zerquera, Juan

2004-01-01

The electroplating of polonium at two different times onto copper disks and further measurement of alpha activity was the method used for 210Po determination in atmospheric air and tobacco products. The Polonium daughter is used to determine both the 210 Pb and 210 Po using the Bateman equations for radioactive growth and decay. The values of 210 Pb and 210 Po measured in the ground-level air reported average concentrations of 0.65 and 0.06 mBq.m-3, respectively. A cigarette contains an average activity of 13.0 mBq of 210 Pb and 10.4 mBq of 210 Po for different Cuban cigarette brands. The weighted-average annual effective dose estimated due to inhalation of these nuclides was computed to be 38 Sv, corresponding to the 26.8% of the total effective dose received by intake of 210 Pb and 210 Po in area of natural radioactive background

Determination of uranium and polonium in Spa rus aura ta by alpha spectrometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luna P, M.; Renteria, M.; Montero C, M. E. [Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, S. C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31109 Chihuahua (Mexico); Manjon C, G.; Diaz, I., E-mail: elena.montero@cimav.edu.mx [Universidad de Sevilla, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada II, San Fernando No. 4, 41004 Sevilla (Spain)

2012-06-15

The aim of this study was optimizing conditions for the specific activities determination of some uranium-series radionuclides present in Spa rus aura ta by alpha spectrometry. Determinations of specific activities were conducted varying the type of digestion: acid attack on hot plate, controlled microwave digestion and acid attack after calcination of the sample. The latter procedure was applied only to the case of uranium isotopes determination. The variation in the isotope extraction method consisted of applying the techniques of liquid-liquid extracting using Tributyl phosphate or chromatographic UTEVA resin. Results depending on the type of treatment given to the samples were compared based on obtained chemical yields. The results reveal a higher bioaccumulation of polonium in the liver sample, with activities of 0.809, 2.495 and 2.439 Bq kg{sup -1} fresh wt compared with the fillet. The best chemical yields of polonium were close to 60% for samples that were digested by microwave. In the case of uranium the best chemical yields, close to 80% for fillet, were obtained with a previous calcination of the sample and using the UTEVA resin. (Author)

Determination of uranium and polonium in Spa rus aura ta by alpha spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luna P, M.; Renteria, M.; Montero C, M. E.; Manjon C, G.; Diaz, I.

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was optimizing conditions for the specific activities determination of some uranium-series radionuclides present in Spa rus aura ta by alpha spectrometry. Determinations of specific activities were conducted varying the type of digestion: acid attack on hot plate, controlled microwave digestion and acid attack after calcination of the sample. The latter procedure was applied only to the case of uranium isotopes determination. The variation in the isotope extraction method consisted of applying the techniques of liquid-liquid extracting using Tributyl phosphate or chromatographic UTEVA resin. Results depending on the type of treatment given to the samples were compared based on obtained chemical yields. The results reveal a higher bioaccumulation of polonium in the liver sample, with activities of 0.809, 2.495 and 2.439 Bq kg -1 fresh wt compared with the fillet. The best chemical yields of polonium were close to 60% for samples that were digested by microwave. In the case of uranium the best chemical yields, close to 80% for fillet, were obtained with a previous calcination of the sample and using the UTEVA resin. (Author)

Polonium 210Po activities in human blood of patients with ischaemic heart disease from Gdańsk in Poland.

Science.gov (United States)

Boryło, Alicja; Skwarzec, Bogdan; Romańczyk, Grzegorz; Siebert, Janusz

The determination of polonium 210 Po in human blood samples is presented and discussed in this paper. The human blood samples were collected from patients of Medical University of Gdańsk with ischaemic heart disease ( morbus ischaemicus cordis , MIC ). The polonium concentrations in analyzed human blood samples are very differentiated. 210 Po is of particular interest in public health and although is present in the environment in extremely low amounts, it is easily bioaccumulated to the human body. The study shows that the amount of 210 Po that is incorporated into the human body depends on the food habits and some difference in its levels could be observed between smokers and non-smokers.

Measurement of polonium activity in Indian tobacco

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, D R; Nilekani, S R [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay (India). Div. of Radiation Protection

1976-10-01

To assess the probable induction of lung cancer due to /sup 210/Po in Indian tobacco, 116 samples of tobacco drawn from seven brands of cigarettes, cigars, cheroots and local beedi fillings were assayed. The results are tabulated and show an average /sup 210/Po content for cigarettes varying from 0.07 to 0.10 pCi/g except for one brand which had a higher value of 0.152 pCi/g. Large cigars were shown to have less polonium content compared to other tobacco products such as cheroot, beedi fillings and small cigars. From the data obtained the lung burden of a smoker of Indian cigarettes has been calculated to be 23.6 mrad/day which is between 3 and 6 times higher than that due to natural background of radon and thoron in the atmosphere.

Radiological Dispersal Polonium-210, and Lessons for Public Health

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Whitcomb, R. C.; Miller, C. W.

2007-01-01

On November 23, 2006, Alexander Litvinenko died in London as a result of being poisoned with Polonium-210. Public health authorities in the United Kingdom (UK) subsequently found Polonium-210 contamination at a number of locations in and around London. UK authorities have determined that citizens of 48 countries other than the UK, including the United States, may have been exposed to this contamination. UK authorities asked the CDC to contact approximately 160 individuals who may have been exposed to Po-210. These citizens have been advised that their risk of adverse health effects is likely to be low, but, if they are concerned, they should contact their primary health care provider. In turn, physicians are referred to state and local public health departments or CDC for further information on Po-210, including where they can seek testing of 24 hour urine samples for Po-210, if desired. CDC posted guidance for members of the public and physicians on its web site, and it responded to numerous inquiries from national media. Working with our UK colleagues, CDC developed guidelines for judging when a measurement of Po-210 in urine was or was not a level of concern. Because the death of Mr. Litvinenko is an ongoing criminal investigation, one of the major challenges of this response to what is a radiological dispersal device event has been the inability to obtain all of the technical detail desired to perform assessments. This has complicated the ability to communicate effectively with citizens and members of the public health community. These and other lessons learned from this response will help prepare the public health community to respond more effectively to future contamination events involving radioactive dispersal in the environment.(author)

Bacterial mobilization of polonium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

LaRock, P.; Hyun, J.H.; Burnett, W.C.

1996-01-01

Polonium has been observed as the sole α-emitting nuclide in groundwaters of central Florida, in the absence of its radiogenic parents, at levels of 1,000 dpm/1 or more. Because of the chemical similarity of Po to S (both occupy the same column in the periodic table), studies were begun to determine whether bacteria, particularly those species active in sulfur cycling, could account for the selective solubilization and mobilization of Po. Possible sources of Po are the U-rich phosphate rock and phosphogypsum (gypsum), a byproduct in the manufacture of phosphoric acid. This paper reports on a series of experiments involving the interaction of bacteria with this waste gypsum that resulted in the solubilization of Po. Bacteria were isolated from gypsum that were capable of mediating Po release in column experiments of Po. Bacteria were isolated from gypsum that were capable of mediating Po release in column experiments when fed a growth medium. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were particularly effective at mediating Po release provided the sulfide levels did not rise above 10 μM, in which case Po was apparently coprecipitated as a metal sulfide. Conversely, the ability of sulfate-reducing bacteria to effectively remove dissolved Po when sulfide levels are high suggests that these bacteria may be used as an effective bioremediation tool at reducing groundwater Po levels. 22 refs., 10 figs

Study of polonium-210 in tobacco in Tunisia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rahali, Saifeddine

2014-01-01

Polonium-210 is a radio-isotopes natural α emitter, it cans be found in tobacco with a significant range. The high activity of 210 Po in tobacco and cigarettes causes the absorption of a high dose of alpha radiation that caused probably lung cancer, the objective of this study is to estimate the activity of 210 Po in tobacco matrix. Thirteen samples of cigarettes consumed in tunisia were experimented to determine the activity of this radionuclide. The PIPS, a silicon semiconductor, is used as on α spectrometry detector for the detection of 210 Po in all of our samples. The final results showed a high radioactivity of 210 Po from 11.77 to 25.31 mBq/g. We conclude that the effective annual average is estimated at 106.53 μSv / year.

Comparative uptake of thorium-230, radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210 by plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

D' Souza, T J; Mistry, K B

1970-01-01

The entry and translocation of /sup 230/thorium, /sup 226/radium, /sup 210/lead, and /sup 210/polonium were examined in nutrient culture experiments. Strontium-89 was included for comparison. Red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were treated for a period of 15 days. Results indicate that accumulation of /sup 230/thorium, /sup 210/lead and /sup 210/polonium occurs predominantly in roots and only very small amounts of these nuclides are translocated to shoots. Over comparable periods, the accumulation of /sup 226/radium in roots is 2-3 times lower than that of the other nuclides of uranium series. However, the most significant difference between /sup 226/radium and other nuclides is in the extent of their upward transport which for radium is 50-200 times greater. The amount of radium translocated to shoots is comparable to that of strontium. The present evidence of rapid transfer of /sup 226/radium to shoots suggests that among the nuclides examined, /sup 226/radium is likely to make the major contribution to radioactivity in aerial tissues of plants grown under conditions where root absorption is the principal route of entry of the nuclides.

Evaluation of sample pretreatment methods for analysis of polonium isotopes in herbal medicines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sreejith, Sathyapriya R.; Nair, Madhu G.; Rao, D.D.

2014-01-01

Herbal infusions like ayurvedic aristas are widely consumed by Indian population for good health. With increasing awareness about radiological assessment, an effort was made to assess the radioactivity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides in herbal medicines. 210 Po is an important alpha particle emitter contributing to internal dose to man from ingestion. Though 210 Po can be spontaneously deposited on silver disk for alpha spectrometric measurements with less radiochemical step, great care has to be taken during the sample pretreatment step owing to the high volatility of polonium even at low temperatures. Aim of the study was to evaluate an appropriate sample pretreatment method for estimation of polonium in herbal medicines. 209 Po was used for radiochemical yield calculation. Conventional open vessel wet ashing, physical evaporation, freeze-drying and microwave digestion in a Teflon vessel were examined. The recovery ranged between 9 and 79%. The lowest recovery was obtained for the samples that were processed by open vessel digestion without any volume reduction. The recoveries were comparable for those samples that were freeze dried and subjected to HNO 3 + HClO 4 + H 2 O 2 + HF acid digestion and microwave digested samples. 210 Po concentration in the samples ranged from 11.3 to 39.6 mBq/L

Systematics of even-a polonium isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Younes, W.; Cizewski, J.A.; Bernstein, L.A.

1995-01-01

Polonium nuclei, with two valence protons, provide fertile ground for the study of the onset of collectivity: from the textbook two-particle levels of 210 Po to the phonon-like multiplets of 196 Po. In their earlier work the authors described the low-lying structure of even-A Po nuclei down to 196 Po as two protons interacting via a surface-δ interaction and adiabatically coupled to a vibrating core. However, this particle-core model (PCM) fails to adequately describe the recently measured level scheme of 194 Po. Also because it assumes a pre-existing vibrational core, this model does not help to understand the single particle contributions to the collective motion. Therefore, the authors have also studied the Po systematics using a more microscopic model: the quasi-particle random phase approximation (QRPA). They will present a phenomenological analysis of the rapidity of the onset of collectivity for the Po isotopes as well as results of both PCM and QRPA calculations. The microscopic nature of the collectivity for the even-A Po isotopes will be discussed

Polonium release from an ATW burner system with liquid lead-bismuth coolant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, N.; Yefimov, E.; Pankratov, D.

1998-04-01

The authors analyzed polonium release hazards in a conceptual pool-type ATW burner with liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant. Simplified quantitative models are used based on experiments and real NPP experience. They found little Po contamination outside the burner under normal operating conditions with nominal leakage from the gas system. In sudden gas leak and/or coolant spill accidents, the P contamination level can reach above the regulation limit but short exposure would not lead to severe health consequences. They are evaluating and developing mitigation methods

Polonium in mainstream cigarette smoke and associated internal radiation dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tiwari, M.; Rathod, T.D.; Bhangare, R.C.; Ajmal, P.Y.; Maity, S.; Sahu, S.K.; Pandit, G.G.

2015-01-01

210 Po activity concentrations in cigarettes tobacco, mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS), ash and post smoking filter were measured by alpha spectrometry using surface barrier detectors, following the radiochemical separation of polonium. The results of present study indicate that the average (range) activity concentration of 210 Po in cigarette tobacco were 9.77 to 15.34 mBq per cigarette. The combined annual effective doses due to internal exposure of 210 Po and 210 Pb for a smoker (considering on an average 20 cigarette a day and 50% of MCS getting deposited in respiratory tract) were found to be ranging from 0.28 to 0.40 mSv for tested brands of cigarette. (author)

Polonium (²¹⁰Po), uranium (²³⁴U, ²³⁸U) isotopes and trace metals in mosses from Sobieszewo Island, northern Poland.

Science.gov (United States)

Boryło, Alicja; Nowicki, Waldemar; Olszewski, Grzegorz; Skwarzec, Bogdan

2012-01-01

The activity of polonium (210)Po and uranium (234)U, (238)U radionuclides, as well as trace metals in mosses, collected from Sobieszewo Island area (northern Poland), were determined using the alpha spectrometry, AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) and OES-ICP (atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma). The concentrations of mercury (directly from the solid sample) were determined by the cold vapor technique of CV AAS. The obtained results revealed that the concentrations of (210)Po, (234)U, and (238)U in the two analyzed kinds of mosses: schrebers big red stem moss (Pleurozium schreberi) and broom moss (Dicranum scoparium) were similar. The higher polonium concentrations were found in broom moss (Dicranum scoparium), but uranium concentrations were relatively low for both species of analyzed mosses. Among the analyzed trace metals the highest concentration in mosses was recorded for iron, while the lowest for nickel, cadmium and mercury. The obtained studies showed that the sources of polonium and uranium isotopes, as well as trace metals in analyzed mosses are air city contaminations transported from Gdańsk and from existing in the vicinity the phosphogypsum waste heap in Wiślinka (near Gdańsk).

Polonium in cigarette smoke and radiation exposure of lungs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, F.P.; Oliveira, J.M.

2006-01-01

210 Po was analysed in three common brands of cigarettes produced in Portugal. The analyses of polonium were performed using 209 Po as an internal isotopic tracer. Samples were dissolved with acids, polonium plated on a silver disc and measured by alpha spectrometry using silicon surface barrier detectors. The analyses were carried out on the unburned tobacco contained in the cigarettes, on the ashes of smoked cigarettes and on the mainstream smoke inhaled by the smoker. 210 Po in the tobacco display concentrations ranging from 3 to 37 mBq/g, depending upon the cigarette brand. The 210 Po remaining in the solid residue of a smoked cigarette varied between 0.3 to 4.9 mBq per cigarette, and the 210 Po in the inhaled smoke from one cigarette varied from 2.6 to 28.9 mBq. In all brands of cigarettes tested, about 50 % of the 210 Po content is not inhaled by the smoker and it is released into the atmosphere. Part of it may be inhaled by passive smokers. Depending upon the commercial brand and upon the presence or absence of a filter in the cigarette, 5 to 37 % of the 210 Po in the cigarette can be inhaled by the smoker. Taking into account the average 210 Po and 210 Pb in surface air, the smoker of one pack of twenty cigarettes per day may inhale 50 times more 210 Po than a non smoker. The average absorption of 210 Po into the blood taking all pathways into account is 0.39 Bq d -1 . This includes, namely, the ingestion of water and beverages, the ingestion of food, the inhalation of air and cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contributes with 1.5 % to this rate of 210 Po absorption into the blood and, after circulating in all organs, gives rise to a whole body radiation dose in the same proportion. However, in the smoker the deposition of 210 Po in the lungs is much more elevated than normal and may originate an enhanced radiation exposure of this organ. Estimated dose to the lungs is presented and radiobiological effects of cigarette smoking are discussed. (author)

Use of the transpiration method to study polonium evaporation from liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at high temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prieto, Borja Gonzalez; Lim, Jun; Rosseel, Kris; Bosch, Joris van den; Aerts, Alexander; Martens, Johan; Rizzi, Matthias; Neuhausen, Joerg

2014-01-01

Qualitative and quantitative understanding of Po volatilization under different conditions is of key importance for safety assessments of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) based nuclear reactors, spallation targets and accelerator driven systems. In this work we explore the possibilities of the transpiration method in combination with simple models to study the equilibrium and kinetics of Po evaporation from highly diluted solutions in lead-bismuth eutectic between 600 and 1000 C in Ar/5% H 2 and Ar. On the basis of evaporation experiments at various carrier gas flow rates, we identified the conditions of vapor saturation allowing the determination of equilibrium constants. From the limiting behavior at high flow rates, values for the maximal evaporation rate of Po from LBE were estimated. Measurements of evaporation as a function of time were consistent with the assumption that polonium dissolved in LBE obeys Henry's law. A theoretical analysis furthermore suggested that diffusion of polonium in LBE was not a rate limiting factor for evaporation under vapor saturation conditions. Newly determined values for the Henry constant of Po in LBE between 600 and 1000 C were consistent with previously derived correlations.

Particulate uranium, plutonium and polonium in the biogeochemistries of the coastal zone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hodge, V F; Koide, M; Goldberg, E D [Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA (USA)

1979-01-18

It is stated that although increasing attention has been paid to the role of inorganic solid phases in the chemistry of seawater, little quantitative data has been available to assess their involvement with living systems. Recent observations are here reported on the uptake of uranium, plutonium and polonium in coastal waters by organisms and submerged surfaces as traced by their isotopes. It is shown that the body burdens of these radioelements in some marine organisms are governed measurably by the uptake of their particulate forms. Furthermore, these elements are associated with different particulate phases, as deduced from the rates at which they deposit on submerged surfaces.

The Hamburg polonium-210 case. Monitoring of internal contaminations in a malevolent act

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dalheimer, A.; Koenig, K.; Nosske, D.; Schaefer, I.

2009-01-01

The dead of Alexander Litvinenko in London in the late 2006 was linked with the visit of Dimitri Kovtun. So an investigation was started by the Hamburg Police. As the presence of polonium-210 was uncertain, the action was supported by the Federal Defense against Nuclear Hazards (NGA) of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS). Radiation measurements in some flats in Hamburg confirmed the suspicion of polonium-210 contaminations. As incorporations by ingestion or inhalation could not generally be excluded, the Coordinating Office on Incorporation Monitoring of the BfS (Leitstelle Inkorporationsueberwachung des BfS) was requested to clarify this issue. The BfS office then coordinated the required bioassay analyses of urine samples carried out at four officially appointed in-vitro laboratories for incorporation monitoring. The group of people to be examined included the members of the family involved living in the contaminated flats, the emergency forces, as well as potentially exposed members of the public. The calculation of the internal dose was based on standard assumptions and also conducted by the BfS. The internal radiation doses proved to be within the range of radiation doses due to natural exposures. Retrospectively it should be stressed that the collaboration and cooperation of all institutions involved in the operation in Hamburg was extremely good despite their differing organisational structures. As a result of the incident in Hamburg various middle and long-term measures have been taken since then by the BfS Coordinating Office on Incorporation Monitoring. (orig.)

Transfer factor of Radium -226, lead-210 and Polonium-210 from Norm contaminated soil to Atriplex, Afelfa and Bermuda grasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Mukhallati, H.; Al-Hamwi, A.

2011-10-01

transfer factors of Radium -226, lead-210 and Polonium-210 from contaminated soil with oil coproduced water to grazing plants in the north eastern region of Syria have been determined. contaminated soil was collected from one of the AL-Furat Petroleum Oil company oil fields;soil was distributed into several pots where the studied plants were planted in order to study the transfer factors of radioisotopes to them. Results have shown that the mean transfer factors of radium to green parts have reached has reached 0.0016 in Atriplex halimus L.,0.0021 in Atriplex canescens Nutt, 0.0025 in Atriplex Leucoclada Bioss,0.0082 in Bermuda grass and 0.0167 in Medicago Sativ L,which was the highest,while the transfer factors of polonium and lead were ten times higher than those for radium and reacted 0.012 in Atriplex Leucoclada Bioss, 0.011 in Atriplex canescens Nutt, 0.007 in Atriplex halimus L.0.32 in bermuda grass and 0.025 in Afelfa.(author)

Levels of lead-210 (210Pb) and polonium 210 (210Po) in Cuban Tobacco products

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brigido, F.O.; Barrerras Caballero, A.; Alvarez Rodriguez, D.; Montalvan Estrada, A.

1999-01-01

The release of 210Po in tobacco smoke and the radiation dose for man have been studied because of the high incidence of lung cancer among smoker. The electroplating of polonium at two different times onto copper disks and further measurement of alpha activity was the meted used for 210 Po determination in tobacco products. The Polonium daughter is used to determine both the 210Pb and 210Po using the Baseman equations for radioactive growth and decay. A cigarette contains between 10.6 and 14.7 mBq of 210Pb with an average activity of 13.0 mBq and between 8.5 and 12.3 mBq of 210Po with an average activity of 10.4 mBq for different Cuban cigarette brands. For a person smoking a pack of 20 cigarettes a day, the values of intakes estimated range from 32 to 44 mBq for 210Pb and from 34 to 49 mBq for 210 Po with an average daily intake of 39 mBq for 210 Pb and 42 mBq for 210Po. The annual effective dose estimated due to inhalation of these nuclides contained in cigarette smoke shows a value of 66[Sv and was in correspondence with world-wide range dose, 46 - 90 mSv.year 1 - for tobacco product consumption

Plutonium and polonium concentrations in the different water masses crossing the Strait of Gibraltar

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gasco, C.; Anton, M.P.

1999-01-01

In this paper total Pu and Po concentrations in the water column are presented as part of a study to determine the exchange fluxes and overall budget of these selected nuclides within the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. Polonium is a natural radionuclide continuously input to the sea via atmospheric deposition from the radon existing in the air. Plutonium is a man-made radionuclide that was mostly introduced in the atmosphere during the 60's nuclear testing. Since then, it has been gradually disappearing due to fallout and the banning of nuclear atmospheric explosions

A study of chemical forms of polonium-210 and lead-210 in air particulates in phosphate mines and Tartous port

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Al-Kharfan, K.; Khalili, H.; Hasan, M.

2003-03-01

Chemical forms of polonium-210 and lead-210 in air particulates of two areas having different climate conditions (Phosphate mines and Tartous port) have been studied. Air particulates were collected at six periods covering the climate changes from September 2000 until February 2002. Total suspended particulates (TSP) concentration was varied between 1827 and 9722 μg/M 3 and 197 and 1135 μg/m 3 in phosphate mines and Tartous port respectively; all of these values were higher than the maximum permissible concentration according to the Syrian standard (120 μg/m 3 ). Results of 210 po and 210 Pb extraction from the air particulates using selective solutions have shown that inorganic and insoluble 210 Po and 210 Pb (attached to silica and not soluble in mineral acids) ratio was high in phosphate mine air particulates and reached a value of 94% and 77% respectively. While the amount of lead 210 attached to organic compounds has reached a value of 24%. In addition, small variations in total inorganic and insoluble 210 Po and 210 Pb during the year were observed with little differences between polonium 210 ratio in both Tartous port and phosphate mines, which indicated that variations in climate conditions may affect the chemical forms. In both cases, inorganic and insoluble polonium 210 and lead 210 ratio was high; this may lead to their attachment to lung cells and their transfer via body streams. Moreover, the date obtained in this study can be utilized to calculate the radiation dose due to inhalation of radon gas and its decay daughters in the Syrian phosphate sites. (author)

The research for a method for controlling atmospheric pollution in a plutonium treatment cell; Recherche d'une methode de controle de la pollution atmospherique dans une cellule traitant le polonium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bouteiller, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

The aerosols likely to contain {sup 210}Po are trapped by bubbling through an acid solution. The problem of determining the polonium concentration of the solution has been solved by combining it with telluric acid. The reduction is carried out at pH = 0 using a solution of stannous chloride. We have studied the factors influencing coprecipitation; nature of the medium, pH, amounts of telluric acid and of stannous chloride. The average yield for the precipitation is 93 per cent. After precipitation, the polonium is filtered on paper and its activity is measured by means of a scintillation counter. The method makes it possible to measure 1/20 of the maximum permissible dose with an accuracy of 20 per cent. (author) [French] Les aerosols susceptibles de contenir du {sup 210}Po sont captes par barbotage dans une solution acide. Le probleme de la concentration de la solution en polonium a ete resolu en entrainant celui-ci avec de l'acide tellurique. La reduction est effectuee a pH = 0 par une solution de chlorure stanneux. Nous avons etudie les facteurs influencant la coprecipitation: nature du milieu, pH, quantite d'entraineur, quantite de chlorure stanneux. Le rendement moyen de la precipitation est de 93 pour cent. Apres precipitation, le polonium est filtre sur papier et son activite mesuree au compteur a scintillations. La methode permet de mesurer le 1/20 de la dose maximum permise avec une precision de 20 pour cent. (auteur)

Determination of the electron affinity of astatine and polonium by laser photodetachment

CERN Multimedia

We propose to conduct the first electron affinity (EA) measurements of the two elements astatine (At) and polonium (Po). Collinear photo-detachment spectroscopy will allow us to measure these quantities with an uncertainty limited only by the spectral line width of the laser. We plan to use negative ion beams of the two radioactive elements At and Po, which are only accessible on-line and at ISOLDE. The feasibility of our proposed method and the functionality of the experimental setup have been demonstrated at ISOLDE in off-line tests by the clear observation of the photo-detachment threshold for stable iodine. This proposal is based on our Letter of Intent I-148.

A faster sample preparation method for determination of polonium-210 in fish

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sadi, B.B.; Jing Chen; Kochermin, Vera; Godwin Tung; Sorina Chiorean

2016-01-01

In order to facilitate Health Canada’s study on background radiation levels in country foods, an in-house radio-analytical method has been developed for determination of polonium-210 ( 210 Po) in fish samples. The method was validated by measurement of 210 Po in a certified reference material. It was also evaluated by comparing 210 Po concentrations in a number of fish samples by another method. The in-house method offers faster sample dissolution using an automated digestion system compared to currently used wet-ashing on a hot plate. It also utilizes pre-packed Sr-resin® cartridges for rapid and reproducible separation of 210 Po versus time-consuming manually packed Sr-resin® columns. (author)

Determination of uranium and thorium isotopes and polonium in sediment profiles from Baixada Santista, SP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramos, Guilherme da Franca

2010-01-01

The objective of the present work is to determine the activity concentration of uranium and thorium isotopes and polonium in estuarine sediments from Baixada Santista. The area comprehends nine cities in the Brazilian coast (Bertioga, Guaruja, Santos, Sao Vicente, Cubatao, Praia Grande, Mongagua, Itanhaem and Peruibe). It is one of the most important industrial areas in Brazil due to the large number of industries operating in Cubatao, such as steel, petrochemical and fertilizer industries. That, together with a large population, causes a negative impact on the marine biota. In the present work 10 profiles of sediment cores, with depth varying from 41 to 98 cm, were analyzed. The cores were obtained from Santos, Cubatao, Sao Vicente and Bertioga. The cores were sliced every 2 cm and were treated with both physical and chemical processes, including drying, grinding and sieving. The samples were dissolved by acid digestion, till total dissolution and destruction of organic matter. After the acid digestion, the samples were filtered and evaporated till dryness. The radiochemical techniques used to separate the radionuclides and to prepare the final source for alpha counting were ion exchange chromatography and spontaneous deposition for polonium and electrodeposition for U and Th. The final sources were counted in a surface barrier alpha spectrometer. Values obtained for the radionuclides analyzed were similar to the activity concentrations of sediments in non polluted areas, with the exception of a few samples that showed anthropic influence. (author)

Bioaccumulation of polonium-210 in fish of the Kaveri river system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaheed, K.; Shahul Hameed, P.; Iyengar, M.A.R.

1997-01-01

Concentration of naturally occurring radioactive nuclide polonium-210 was determined in selected species of fish from the Kaveri river system at Tiruchirappalli. It is shown that 210 Po is non-uniformly distributed within these fishes. Concentrations of 210 Po in the muscle of fish ranged from 3.3 to 8.2 Bq/kg (wet weight). Concentration factors of Po 210 in edible portion of fish from river water worked out to be 2.5 x 10 3 to 6.3 x 10 3 . Radiation dose to public due to consumption of fish from the Kaveri river varied from 5.1 to 27.3 μSv/y. The results have implications that fish represents an important source of supply of 210 Po to humans. (author). 16 refs., 2 tabs

Method for evaluation of doses from ingestion of polonium, bismuth and lead as natural radioactive material(NORM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pena, Vanessa; Puerta, Anselmo; Morales, Javier

2013-01-01

In this work was carried out an evaluation of dose from ingestion of radioactive daughters of radon (lead, bismuth and polonium), taking into account ages from three months up to adult men, using the new model of the human alimentary tract HATM and methodology of calculating doses proposed by the ICRP publication 103, which allows the estimation of dose based on the concentration of the radionuclide present in the diet or in the water of consumption

The particulate material formed during the combusion of polonium and plutonium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stewart, K.

1963-11-15

Over the last decade the production and use of uranium, plutonium and other radioactive materials has developed steadily. The work described in this paper is part of a reasonably comprehensive study of the extent and seriousness of the radiological hazards which could occur as the result of selected types of accidents. Additionally, these studies demonstrate the types of material and operations which are the more likely to produce a serious situation should a mishap occur. The emphasis in the paper, therefore, is on the differences between an element, polonium, of high specific activity which is volatile, and a reactive material, plutonium, of lower specific activity which is non-volatile but of somewhat greater radiotoxicity. The modes of formation of oxide aerosols from these two elements are, to a very considerable degree, representative of two important and contrasting processes.

Hair as an indicator of the body content of polonium in humans: Preliminary results from study of five male volunteers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rääf, C.L.; Holstein, H.; Holm, E.

2015-01-01

radioactive polonium (209Po as a bio-tracer for 210Po) in well determined quantities. Four of the volunteers were given 5-10Bq 209Po in a single intake (acute intake) and one volunteer has ingested a daily intake of 58.7mBq 209Po for a period of 180 d. Human hair was found to reflect the daily clearance...

Induction of the lambda bacteriophage synthesis in Escherichia coli K 12 by polonium alpha rays; Induction de la synthese du bacteriophage lambda chez Escherichia coli K 12 par les rayons alpha du polonium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Devoret, Raymond

1958-06-15

This research thesis reports the study of the inducing action of polonium alpha radiations in Escherichia Coli K 12 by using an external irradiation device. This work comprised the development of a method to spread bacteria in layer with a thickness less than 20 microns, and the measurement of the number of α particles falling on the irradiated surface. This measurement has been performed by using a nuclear emulsion and a simple photographic film. It appears that alpha radiations have an inducing action, and that at most 15 per cent of bacteria can be induced. The comparison of the induction curve with the survival curves of lysogen and sensitive stains shows that there is no abortive induction. Thus, it appears that this inducing action is not due to an indirect effect of the irradiated medium [French] Dans ce travail on a etudie l'action inductrice des rayons alphas du polonium chez Escherichia Coli K 12 par un diapoaitif d'irradiation externe. Son utilisation necessitait: - une methode d'etalement des bacteries en couche de moins de 20 microns d'epaisseur; - une mesure du nombre des particules alpha tombant sur la surface etendue irradiee. Les mesures ont ete faites a l'aide d'une emulsion nucleaire et d'un film photographique ordinaire. 1) Les rayons alphas ont une action inductrice. Au plus 15 pc des bacteries peuvent etre induites. 2) La oomparaison de la courbe d'induction et des courbes de survie des souches lysogene et sensible montre qu'il n'y a pas d'inductions abortives. 3) Cette action inductrice n'est pas due a un effet indirect du milieu irradie. (auteur)

Celebration of the radium and polonium discovery as a promotion of nuclear energy in Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Latek, Stanislaw

1998-01-01

The radium and polonium discovery centennial was inaugurated in April 1997. The first event was a Polish-French show of scientific documentary movies on the uses of ionizing radiation and nuclear power. A symposium Radiation - History and Modern Times was organized in spring 1997. Many other interesting events were held throughout 1997. Warsaw hosted an interesting exhibition 'From the Radium Needle to the Medical Accelerators'. A seminar and an exhibition on Radiation Technique in Environmental Protection were organized in cooperation with the IAEA. The Council for Atomic Energy initiated and conducted a workshop on Radioactivity - Risk and Hope. The Polish Academy of Science and the Society of Nuclear Medicine organised a symposium on Polonium and Radium Discovery Impact on Medicine, Radiation Protection and Medical Industry. The National Atomic Energy was the initiator of film shows held for school youth, which turned out to be a great success. The youngsters, mainly from schools bearing the name of Marie Curie, had an opportunity to see films about the great scientist and her discoveries, and on the very phenomenon of radiation. They also had a chance to visit Maria research reactor in the Institute of Atomic Energy in Swierk. Now, at the beginning of February 1998, a three-day scientific session is being held in Warsaw, to commemorate the radium and polonium discovery. Many other events will take place in the coming months. In particular, June 1998, an international conference on Nuclear Physics Close to the Barriers will be held. Another conference, closing the centennial sponsored by UNESCO will focus on the Scientific and Philosophical Consequences of Discovery of Plutonium and Radium, Benefits and Threats to Mankind. Public opinion polls, similar to those conducted in 1996, are planned for spring 1998. The 1996 polls, conducted 10 years after the Chernobyl accident, showed that the majority of Poles feared ionizing radiation and opposed the nuclear power

Evaluation of the contribution of smoking to total blood polonium-210 in Saudi population

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shabana, E.I. E-mail: eshabana@kacst.edu.sa; Elaziz, M.A. Abd; Al-Arifi, M.N.; Al-Dhawailie, A.A.; Al-Bokari, M.M-A

2000-01-01

A preliminary study of {sup 210}Po concentrations in the blood of some smokers and nonsmokers is presented in order to evaluate the contribution of smoking to total blood {sup 210}Po in Saudi population. Blood samples were collected from 30 volunteers and analyzed by high resolution {alpha}-spectrometry using a radiochemical technique. The technique is based on the separation of polonium from other components of the sample by wet ashing with an HNO{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} oxidizing mixture and spontaneous deposition on a silver disc under the relevant conditions for {alpha}-particle counting. The results indicated that a significant fraction (about 30%) of blood {sup 210}Po is related to smoking.

Natural levels of lead-210, polonium-210 and radium-226 in humans and biota of the Arctic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holtzman, R B

1966-06-11

Relatively high concentrations of some fission products in humans and biota from Lapland and Alaska have been reported. These have been attributed to the continual accumulation of those products on the long-lived, slow-growing Arctic lichens and sedges. Such plants are an important source of forage for reindeer and caribou, the meat of which, in turn, constitutes a substantial portion of the diets of Laplanders and Eskimos. These high levels of fall-out suggest, together with the proposed mechanism of uptake and the similarities to strontium-90 in atmospheric distribution and biochemistry, that in Arctic biota, the naturally occurring airborne nuclides lead-210 and its decay product, polonium-210, may also be present in high concentration. These naturally occurring fall-out activities are of special interest in studies of aerosol precipitation mechanisms because their levels are independent of bomb tests and consequently they have been constant over the years. Because of this constancy and the high energy of the particles emitted by the lead-210 series (a 5.3-MeV ..cap alpha..-particle from polonium-210 and a 0.4-MeV (average energy) ..beta..-particle from bismuth-210 compared with ..beta..-rays with average energies of 0.4 MeV from cesium-137 and 1.1 MeV from strontium-90 (yttrium-90)), the radiation dose to Arctic biota from this source may be quite significant relative to that from artificial ones. 24 references.

Large deficiency of polonium in the oligotrophic ocean's interior

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Guebuem

2001-09-01

The naturally occurring radionuclide 210Po is typically deficient relative to its parent 210Pb in the surface ocean due to preferential removal by biota, while in near equilibrium or excess below the surface mixed layer due to rapid regeneration from sinking organic matter. However, a strikingly large deficit of 210Po is observed in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea's interior. This argues against the general concept that the removal of reactive elements depends on the population of settling particles. A 210Po mass balance model suggests that rather than downward transport, polonium (proxy for S, Se, and Te) is taken up efficiently by bacteria (i.e., cyanobacteria) and transferred to higher trophic levels (i.e., nekton) in this environment. In contrast, in productive areas of the ocean, sulfur group elements seem to reside in the subsurface ocean for much longer periods as taken up by abundant free-living bacteria (non-sinking fine particles). This study sheds new light on global biogeochemical cycling of sulfur group elements in association with microbial roles, and suggests that 210Po may be useful as a tracer of nitrogen fixation in the ocean.

Evaluation of sample pretreatment methods for analysis of Polonium isotopes in herbal medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sathyapriya, R.S.; Nair, Madhu G.; Rao, D.D.

2013-01-01

Ayurvedic medicines are widely consumed by Indian population both for treatment and good health Ayurvedic medicines are used in various forms like infusions, decoctions, powder, tablets, fermented decoction (Arishta) etc. Arishtas are prepared using plant extracts soaked in sugar or jaggery and are generally consume on regular basis for good health. Hence an effort was made to analyse the natural radioactivity in the Ayurvedic Arishtas. 213 Po is an important naturally occurring radionuclide that volatilizes beyond 150℃. Hence adequate care is needed during sample pretreatment step. Both physical (freeze-drying, open vessel evaporation and microwave digestion) and chemical (digestion using various mineral acids like aqua regia, Con. HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 and oxidizing agents like H 2 O 2 and HClO 4 ) pretreatment procedures were adopted. After the initial sample treatment polonium radionuclide was pre-concentrated using calcium phosphate co-precipitation. Calcium phosphate precipitate was dissolved in 150 ml of 0.5M HCI solution with approximately 1 g of ascorbic acid for auto deposition of Polonium on silver planchette for 3 hours at 90℃ on a rotary hot plate. The sample sources were counted in calibrated alpha spectrometer with 450 mm 2 low-back-ground PIPS detector interfaced with ECIL MCA. The spectrum analysis was done using PHAST Software. 209 Po tracer, at low levels was added to the samples for assessing the radiochemical recovery. The recovery ranged between 18-83 %. The lowest recovery was obtained for the samples that were processed by open vessel digestion with HNO 3 + HCIO 4 + H 2 O 2 . The highest recover was for those samples that were freeze dried and subjected to HNO 3 + HCIO 4 + H 2 O 2 acid digestion at 90℃ for 8 hours. 210 Po concentration in a few samples varied between 0.3-3.5 mBq/L. The paper presents the results of radiochemical recoveries for different pretreatment methods and also the 210 Po content in the ayurvedic arishtas. (author)

Study of polonium isotopes ground state properties by simultaneous atomic- and nuclear-spectroscopy

CERN Multimedia

Koester, U H; Kalaninova, Z; Imai, N

2007-01-01

We propose to systematically study the ground state properties of neutron deficient $^{192-200}$Po isotopes by means of in-source laser spectroscopy using the ISOLDE laser ion source coupled with nuclear spectroscopy at the detection setup as successfully done before by this collaboration with neutron deficient lead isotopes. The study of the change in mean square charge radii along the polonium isotope chain will give an insight into shape coexistence above the mid-shell N = 104 and above the closed shell Z = 82. The hyperfine structure of the odd isotopes will also allow determination of the nuclear spin and the magnetic moment of the ground state and of any identifiable isomer state. For this study, a standard UC$_{x}$ target with the ISOLDE RILIS is required for 38 shifts.

A study of Polonium in human hair and in fur from animals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holstein, H; Ranebo, Y.; Henriksson, F.; Rääf, C.L.; Holm, E.; Roos, P.

2013-01-01

Human hair and hair from animals might serve as good indicators for internal contamination, allowing for the quantification of general environmental levels of certain radioactive elements. From a sampling, analytical and hygienic point of view it would be advantageous to study hair instead of urine and faeces samples. There have been several investigations concerning Polonium in hair. The purpose of this study was to investigate if hair from humans and fur from animals constitute as matrixes for the estimation of the body burden of 210 Po. Human hair taken from 26 individuals from Sweden was analyzed for its 210 Po content. The resulting activity concentration of 210 Po ranged from 0.5 to 4.8 Bq/kg for individuals between the ages of 3 to 32 years and range from 0.5 to 11.5 Bq/kg for individuals between the ages of 32 to 60. This is in agreement with results presented in other studies. The 210 Po in hair might be due to external contamination or in vivo build up from 210 Pb. To help quantify these sources of contamination a couple of human volunteers ingested known amounts of 209 Po (which does not exist in nature). Results from the study showed that 209 Po was rather rapidly detected in the hair samples Human hair consists of 45% Carbon, 7% Hydrogen, 28% Oxygen, 15% Nitrogen and 5% Sulphur. The central core consists of polypeptide chains with hydrogen and disulphide bindings. It is suggested that the sulphide binding is the reason for transfer of Polonium into the hair. Samples from horses; mane, fur, and tail showed activity concentration levels ranging from 6 to 17 Bq/kg, with no significant differences between the various sample types. Fur samples taken from Muskox from Greenland showed much higher concentrations, i.e. 260 Bq/kg. This was expected since the animal graze over vast surface and consumes large amounts of lichen. Deposited radionuclides accumulate in lichens. Fur samples taken from other animals i.e. moose, hare, wild boar, roe deer, and sheep (lamb

Polonium-210 as a poison

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harrison, John; Leggett, Rich; Lloyd, David; Phipps, Alan; Scott, Bobby

2007-01-01

The death of Alexander Litvinenko on 23 November 2006 has brought into focus scientific judgements concerning the radiotoxicity of polonium-210 ( 210 Po). This paper does not consider the specific radiological circumstances surrounding the tragic death of Mr Litvinenko; rather, it provides an evaluation of published human and animal data and models developed for the estimation of alpha radiation doses from 210 Po and the induction of potentially fatal damage to different organs and tissues. Although uncertainties have not been addressed comprehensively, the reliability of key assumptions is considered. Concentrating on the possibility of intake by ingestion, the use of biokinetic and dosimetric models to estimate organ and tissue doses from 210 Po is examined and model predictions of the time-course of dose delivery are illustrated. Estimates are made of doses required to cause fatal damage, taking account of the possible effects of dose protraction and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of alpha particles compared to gamma and x-rays. Comparison of LD 50 values (dose to cause death for 50% of people) for different tissues with the possible accumulation of dose to these tissues suggests that bone marrow failure is likely to be an important component of multiple contributory causes of death occurring within a few weeks of an intake by ingestion. Animal data on the effects of 210 Po provide good confirmatory evidence of intakes and doses required to cause death within about 3 weeks. The conclusion is reached that 0.1-0.3 GBq or more absorbed to blood of an adult male is likely to be fatal within 1 month. This corresponds to ingestion of 1-3 GBq or more, assuming 10% absorption to blood. Well-characterised reductions in white cell counts would be observed. Bone marrow failure is likely to be compounded by damage caused by higher doses to other organs, including kidneys and liver. Even if the bone marrow could be rescued, damage to other organs can be expected

Polonium-210 concentration of cigarettes traded in Cuba and their estimated dose contribution due to smoking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brigido Flores, O.; Montalvan Estrada, A.; Fabelo Bonet, O.; Barreras Caballero, A.

2015-01-01

Cigarette smoking is one of the pathways that might contribute significantly to the increase in the radiation dose reaching man, due to the relatively large concentrations of polonium-210 found in tobacco leaves. The results of 200 Po determination on the 11 most frequently smoked brands of cigarettes and cigars which constitute over 75% of the total cigarette consumption in Cuba are presented and discussed. Moreover, the polonium content in cigarette smoke was estimated on the basis of its activity in cigarettes, ash, fresh filters and post-smoking filters. 210 Po was determined by gas flow proportional detector after spontaneous deposition of 210 Po on a high copper-content disk. The annual committed equivalent dose for lungs and the annual effective dose for smokers between 12-17 years old and for adults were calculated on the basis of the 210 Po inhalation through cigarette smoke. The results showed concentration ranging from 9.3 to 14.4 mBq per cigarette with a mean value of 11.8 ± 0.6 mBq.Cig -1 . the results of this work indicate that Cuban smokers who smoke one pack (20 cigarettes) per day inhale from 62 to 98 mBq.d -1 of 210 Po and smokers between 12-17 years old who consume 10 cigarettes daily inhale from 30-50 mBq.d -1 . The average committed equivalent dose for lungs is estimated to be 466 ± 36 and 780 ± 60 μSv.year -1 for young and adult smokers, respectively and annual committed effective dose is calculated to be 60 ± 5 and 100 ± 8 μSv for these two groups of smokers, respectively. (Author)

Levels of polonium-210 in the grapevine leaves in Alasehir district in Turkey

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurboga, G.; Aytas Oelmez, S.

2001-01-01

The objective of present work is the estimation of Po-210 (polonium) content in the edible grapevine leaves (Vitis viniferae, L.cv Sultana syn.) collected from Gediz plain in Western Turkey. Alasehir District in Gediz plain is one of the most important wine culture region of Turkey. Grapevine leaves are important food material for Dolma in Turkish cuisine. Dolma is a name applied to such vegetables as grapevine leaves, cabbage leaves and green peppers stuffed ground meat or spiked rice. Levels of Po-210 in the grapevine leaves had not been analyzed before in Turkey. In this study, after wet ashing of grapevine leaves, Po-210 was spontaneously plated onto a copper disc from dilute hydrochloric acid medium and deposited activity was measured. The results for Po-210 in the grapevine leaves are compared with the other foodstuff values in the literature

A study on possible use of Urtica dioica (common nettle) plant as polonium (210)Po and lead (210)Pb contamination biomonitor in the area of phosphogypsum stockpile.

Science.gov (United States)

Olszewski, Grzegorz; Boryło, Alicja; Skwarzec, Bogdan

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to test a possible use of Urtica dioica (common nettle) plant as a biomonitor of polonium (210)Po and lead (210)Pb contamination near phosphogypsum stacks by determining concentrations of these radionuclides in samples collected from the area of phosphogypsum stockpile in Wiślinka (northern Poland). The (210)Po and (210)Pb contents in roots depended on their concentrations in soils. Bioconcentration factor values from soil to root of the plant did not depend on (210)Po and (210)Pb contents in soils that leads to the conclusion that different polonium and lead species have different affinities to U. dioica plants. The main sources of both analyzed radionuclides in green parts of plants are wet and dry air deposition and transportation from soil. The values of (210)Po/(210)Pb activity ratio indicate natural origin of these radioisotopes in analyzed plants. (210)Po and (210)Pb concentration in U. dioica roots is negatively weakly correlated with distance from phosphogypsum stockpile.

MEMBANGUN KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF CPO MELALUI SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: STUDI KASUS DI PT. EKA DURA INDONESIA, ASTRA AGRO LESTARI, RIAU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setiadi Djohar

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Todays, Supply Chain Management (SCM becomes one icon of strategic factors to achieve a competitive advantage. This is a SCM case study in agroindustry especially crude palm oil (CPO at PT. Eka Dura Indonesia (PT EDI, Astra Agro Lestari, Riau. The objectives of study is mapping of SCM problems of PT EDI, especially about value advantage and productivity advantage. Beside that, the objectives is building a SCM simulation model as strategic tool for developing strategy to achieve a competitive advantage. A system approach and modeling is used to analyze SCM problems. This study is successfully to build SCM Model that consist of SCM Strategic Model and SCM Tactic Model. SCM Model is used for simulating some scenarios about site management, supply schedulling, and tank management to CPO forecasting. From this model, the study also develops strategy chain for SCM to achieve a competitive advantage

Sequential extraction procedure for determination of uranium, thorium, radium, lead and polonium radionuclides by alpha spectrometry in environmental samples

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, J. M.; Carvalho, F. P.

2006-01-01

A sequential extraction technique was developed and tested for common naturally-occurring radionuclides. This technique allows the extraction and purification of uranium, thorium, radium, lead, and polonium radionuclides from the same sample. Environmental materials such as water, soil, and biological samples can be analyzed for those radionuclides without matrix interferences in the quality of radioelement purification and in the radiochemical yield. The use of isotopic tracers (232U, 229Th, 224Ra, 209Po, and stable lead carrier) added to the sample in the beginning of the chemical procedure, enables an accurate control of the radiochemical yield for each radioelement. The ion extraction procedure, applied after either complete dissolution of the solid sample with mineral acids or co-precipitation of dissolved radionuclide with MnO2 for aqueous samples, includes the use of commercially available pre-packed columns from Eichrom® and ion exchange columns packed with Bio-Rad resins, in altogether three chromatography columns. All radioactive elements but one are purified and electroplated on stainless steel discs. Polonium is spontaneously plated on a silver disc. The discs are measured using high resolution silicon surface barrier detectors. 210Pb, a beta emitter, can be measured either through the beta emission of 210Bi, or stored for a few months and determined by alpha spectrometry through the in-growth of 210Po. This sequential extraction chromatography technique was tested and validated with the analysis of certified reference materials from the IAEA. Reproducibility was tested through repeated analysis of the same homogeneous material (water sample).

Activity levels of polonium-210 in tobacco and cigarette in Iran

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghanbar Moghaddam, B.; Vahabi Moghaddam, M.; Fathi Vand, A. A.

2011-01-01

Polonium-210 ( 210 Po) is a natural contaminant of tobacco and its products. Due to its volatility and inherent adsorption properties, 210 Po is one of the major potential sources of human exposure through smoking. This paper reports measurements on 210 Po and 210 Pb levels in domestic as well as imported tobacco to Iran through α-spectrometry technique. The fate of 210 Po radionuclide has been also followed from tobacco farm through curing procedure in factory. The activity levels of 210 Po in Iranian domestic and imported cigarettes is found to be on the average as 38.4±0.8 mBq/g with a range of 30.3-51.3 mBq/g and 20.0±0.6 mBq/g with a range of 18.6-21.7 mBq/g, respectively. These levels are considerably higher than those reported in many other parts of the world. In the case of tobacco produced in Iranian northern province of Guilan, drying in closed compartments by fossil fuel and elevated inventories of 210 Po in soil due to over application of phosphate-rich fertilizers seems to be the main causes of these elevated activity levels.

The laboratory books of Pierre and Marie Curie. Note proposed to the Sciences Academy on july the 18. of the year 1898 and the polonium discovery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adloff, J.P.

1998-01-01

Chemical research on radioactivity started in 1898. That year, a note was presented by the Curies on the discovery of a new radioactive material contained in pechblende and called ''polonium''. The different steps of the discovery and the experiments carried out are related as well as the surprises, the questioning and the doubts of the Curies in the years immediately following. (O.M.)

Investigation of environmental conditions at Sarfartoq 1987-88. Collection of samples for testing, measurement of radon and analyses for polonium-210 and lead-210. [Greenland]. Miljoeundersoegelser ved Sarfartoq 1987-88. Proeveindsamling, radonmaaling og analyser for polonium-210 og bly-210

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aastrup, P; Munk Hansen, M

1989-01-01

The sampling of plants and animals is part of environmental base line studies initiated by the Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland in relation to plans for exploration and exploitation of a niobium occurence. Samples have been collected in areas expected to be influenced by mining activities and in reference areas. The collected species of plants include northern willow, Bellard's kobresia, lichen (Cetraria nivalis), and others. Samples of animals include musk oxen, reindeer, alpine hare, ptarmigan, fox, and arctic char. However, 60 samples have been analyzed for polonium-210 and lead-210. The highest concentrations were found in lichen and the lowest in muscle tissue. In many samples systematic differences between the concentrations of the two isotopes were observed indicating that polonium-210 should continue to be part of the base line study program and the monitoring program if mining is started. The observed concentrations pose no health problem. 30 kg bulk samples of the best pyrochlore ore and the rock c. 10 m on both sides of the mineralization (the side rock) were analyzed for niobium, tantalum, some trace elements, and natural radioactive isotopes. The ore sample has concentrations of 33.17% niobium, 0.4% tantalum, 0.77% uranium, and more than 0.37% rare earth elements. The concentrations of all other analyzed elements are low. The ore has very well defined boundaries and there is a very low concentration of radioactive elements in the side rock. The naturally occurring concentrations of radon have been measured at stations on top of the mineralization, within the carbonatite complex and outside the complex. The concentrations generally are very low. However, the concentrations in the complex are significantly higher than outside the complex. This reflects an elevated uranium concentration of the carbonatite complex rocks. (AB).

Induction of the lambda bacteriophage synthesis in Escherichia coli K 12 by polonium alpha rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devoret, Raymond

1958-06-01

This research thesis reports the study of the inducing action of polonium alpha radiations in Escherichia Coli K 12 by using an external irradiation device. This work comprised the development of a method to spread bacteria in layer with a thickness less than 20 microns, and the measurement of the number of α particles falling on the irradiated surface. This measurement has been performed by using a nuclear emulsion and a simple photographic film. It appears that alpha radiations have an inducing action, and that at most 15 per cent of bacteria can be induced. The comparison of the induction curve with the survival curves of lysogen and sensitive stains shows that there is no abortive induction. Thus, it appears that this inducing action is not due to an indirect effect of the irradiated medium [fr

Dosimetric consideration of polonium-210 for Tiruchirappalli public

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaheed, K.; Somasundaram, S.S.N.; Shahul Hameed, P.

1997-01-01

This paper deals with the committed effective dose equivalent from polonium-210 to the public of Tiruchirappalli district in south India on consumption of cereals, vegetables and animal food. It is demonstrated that the activity of 210 Po is non-uniformly distributed between cereals, vegetables and animal food. Among cereals, the green gram recorded a higher activity of 210 Po (0.62 Bq.kg -1 ) than the others tested. The study also recorded a relatively enhanced activity in raw rice (0.90 Bq.kg -1 ) than in boiled rice (0.03 Bq.kg -1 ). Among vegetables, the tubers accumulated more 210 Po than the shoot growing vegetables. The muscle of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) recorded the highest level of 210 Po activity (13.9 Bq.kg -1 ) among the animal food. With reference to dosimetry, the animal food was identified to contribute higher radiation dose (0.38-29.5 μSv.y -1 ) than the cereals (0.05 - 1.9 μSv.y -1 ) and vegetables (0.05 - 1.9 μSv.y -1 ). Among animal food, the fish contributed a substantial level of α radiation dose to man. Though activity in raw rice was higher than the activity in boiled rice, the dose delivered from raw rice was substantially low since the average consumption of this rice represents only 7 kg.y -1 when compared to the consumption of boiled rice (108 kg.y -1 ). From the dose estimates made, it was evident that the total dose received by the general public (2.7 μSv.y -1 ) from 210 Po was well below the dose limit of 1mSv.y -1 . (author)

Polonium-210: the challenges in advising the law enforcement community during the investigation into the death of Alexander Litvinenko

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cairns, James M.

2008-01-01

Full text: The death of Alexander Litvinenko in November 2006 delivered unique challenges for the radiological protection of emergency responders. The need to identify a cause of death and investigate a potential crime balanced against the need for the radiological safety of both the investigator staff and protection of the public led to a number of situations requiring unique solutions. Polonium 210 is a naturally occurring radioactive substance that appears as part of the uranium-235 decay series. It has a 138 day half-life with a specific activity of 1.66 x 10 14 Bq/g. It is considered for radiological purposes as an alpha emitter though it does have a low probability ( 4 Bq and ingestion of 6.7 x 10 3 Bq meaning that physical quantities of less than 1 μg are lethal. The first blood and urine samples from Mr Litvinenko were analysed by the author and his team who identified a 803 keV peak from gamma spectral analysis. After discussions with medical staff and the Senior Investigation Officer, an additional sample was taken to permit the completion of more detailed analytical techniques specifically for polonium-210. Using liquid scintillation counting and alpha spectrometry on the additional urine sample led to an estimated body burden within 10% of the final assessed intake from post-mortem samples. The investigation raised the following challenges to the author and Law Enforcement Personnel: a) Tracing the movement of the victim and his associates to; piece together a potential point and route of intake; and identify potential contamination areas requiring public protection measures by health agencies; b) Collection of evidence in a contaminated environment; c) Processing of contaminated forensics samples; d) Undertaking a post-mortem in a mortuary not designed for the processing of radiologically contaminated personnel; e) Identifying routes for obtaining polonium-210 including a review of historical papers from the UK, US and Russian early nuclear weapon

Elementary analyses in behalf of the project: Orientating investigation to Polonium-210 and other radionuclides in Dutch aquatic ecosystems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hart, M.J. 't; Breugem, P.M.; Koester, H.W.

1989-11-01

In this report, results of the determinations of total, organic and inorganic carbon analysis are reported for the project 'Orientating investigations of Polonium-210 and other natural radionuclides in Dutch aquatic ecosystems', projectnumber 248476. The method used is a modification of the method described by Froelich and is based on elemental analysis. Sediment samples from several locations of sea and river water show a large variation of the carbon content. The organic carbon concentration varies from 2.78 to 22.42 percent; the inorganic carbon varies from 1.25 to 5.66 percent. The analyses were run in duplicate with a mean standard deviation of 0.1 percent. (author). 4 refs.; 5 figs.; 7 tabs

Transfer factors of Polonium from soil to parsley and mint

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Al-Hamwi, A.; Eadan, Z.; Amin, Y.

2010-01-01

Transfer factors of 210 Po from soil to parsley and mint have been determined. Artificial polonium isotope ( 208 Po) was used as a tracer to determine transfer factor of Po from soil to plant in pot experiments. Two plant growing systems were used for this study namely, an outdoor system and a sheltered system by a polyethylene tent. 208 Po and 210 Po were determined in soil and different parts of the studied plants (stem and leaf), using alpha spectroscopy. The results have shown that there was a clear uptake of 208 Po by roots to leaves and stems of both plants. Higher values of transfer factors using the 210 Po activity concentrations than the 208 Po activity concentration were observed. Transfer factors of 210 Po from soil to parsley varied between 20 x 10 -2 and 50 x 10 -2 and 22 x 10 -3 and 67 x 10 -3 in mint, while 208 Po transfer factors varied between 4 x 10 -2 and 12 x 10 -2 for parsley and 10 x 10 -2 and 22 x 10 -2 in mint. Transfer factors of Po were higher in those plants grown in the sheltered system than in the open system; about 75% of Po was transferred from atmosphere to parsley parts using the two systems. Ratios of transferred Po from soil to mint stem and leaf in the sheltered system were higher by 2 times from those in the open system.

Histologic observations on the pathogenesis of lung cancer in hamsters following administration of polonium-210

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lisco, H.; Kennedy, A.R.; Little, J.B.

1974-01-01

A serial sacrifice experiment was carried out to study the site of origin and the stages in development of lung cancer in hamsters induced by polonium-210 ( 210 Po). 1 or 2 animals were sacrificed weekly during and after a course of 7 intratracheal instillations of 0.1 μCi of 210 Po in saline. This exposure produced a transient radiation pneumonitis of moderate severity during, and for several weeks after, the instillation period. Subsequent pathological changes included hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium, and focal proliferation of epithelial cells in peribronchiolar and more remote alveoli, termed epithelialization of alveoli. Hyperplastic bronchiolar epithelium frequently showed numerous Clara cells which exhibited pleomorphism of cells and nuclei, multinucleated cells, and striking changes in staining characteristics of secretory granules. Epithelialization of alveoli showed steady progression from well-circumscribed small foci to larger confluent lesions which were composed of various cell types and resembled tumors. Malignant tumors occurred in many animals surviving more than 24 weeks after the last instillation of 210 Po

Primate polonium metabolic models and their use in estimation of systemic radiation doses from bioassay data. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cohen, N. [New York Univ. Medical Center, Tuxedo, NY (United States). Dept. of Environmental Medicine

1989-03-15

A Polonium metabolic model was derived and incorporated into a Fortran algorithm which estimates the systemic radiation dose from {sup 210}Po when applied to occupational urine bioassay data. The significance of the doses estimated are examined by defining the degree of uncertainty attached to them through comprehensive statistical testing procedures. Many parameters necessary for dosimetry calculations (such as organ partition coefficients and excretion fractions), were evaluated from metabolic studies of {sup 210}Po in non-human primates. Two tamarins and six baboons were injected intravenously with {sup 210}Po citrate. Excreta and blood samples were collected. Five of the baboons were sacrificed at times ranging from 1 day to 3 months post exposure. Complete necropsies were performed and all excreta and the majority of all skeletal and tissue samples were analyzed radiochemically for their {sup 210}Po content. The {sup 210}Po excretion rate in the baboon was more rapid than in the tamarin. The biological half-time of {sup 210}Po excretion in the baboon was approximately 15 days while in the tamarin, the {sup 210}Po excretion rate was in close agreement with the 50 day biological half-time predicted by ICRP 30. Excretion fractions of {sup 210}Po in the non-human primates were found to be markedly different from data reported elsewhere in other species, including man. A thorough review of the Po urinalysis procedure showed that significant recovery losses resulted when metabolized {sup 210}Po was deposited out of raw urine. Polonium-210 was found throughout the soft tissues of the baboon but not with the partition coefficients for liver, kidneys, and spleen that are predicted by the ICRP 30 metabolic model. A fractional distribution of 0.29 for liver, 0.07 for kidneys, and 0.006 for spleen was determined. Retention times for {sup 210}Po in tissues are described by single exponential functions with biological half-times ranging from 15 to 50 days.

Transfer factors of polonium from soil to parsley and mint.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Masri, M S; Al-Hamwi, A; Eadan, Z; Amin, Y

2010-12-01

Transfer factors of (210)Po from soil to parsley and mint have been determined. Artificial polonium isotope ((208)Po) was used as a tracer to determine transfer factor of Po from soil to plant in pot experiments. Two plant growing systems were used for this study namely, an outdoor system and a sheltered system by a polyethylene tent. (208)Po and (210)Po were determined in soil and different parts of the studied plants (stem and leaf), using alpha spectroscopy. The results have shown that there was a clear uptake of (208)Po by roots to leaves and stems of both plants. Higher values of transfer factors using the (210)Po activity concentrations than the (208)Po activity concentration were observed. Transfer factors of (210)Po from soil to parsley varied between 20 × 10⁻² and 50 × 10⁻² and 22 × 10⁻³ and 67 × 10⁻³ in mint, while (208)Po transfer factors varied between 4 × 10⁻² and 12 × 10⁻² for parsley and 10 × 10⁻² and 22 × 10⁻² in mint. Transfer factors of Po were higher in those plants grown in the sheltered system than in the open system; about 75% of Po was transferred from atmosphere to parsley parts using the two systems. Ratios of transferred Po from soil to mint stem and leaf in the sheltered system were higher by 2 times from those in the open system. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transfer factors of Polonium from soil to parsley and mint

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Al-Masri, M.S., E-mail: prscientific@aec.org.s [Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091 (Syrian Arab Republic); Al-Hamwi, A. [Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091 (Syrian Arab Republic); Eadan, Z. [Physics Department, Damascus University (Syrian Arab Republic); Amin, Y. [Department of Protection and Safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, P.O. Box 6091 (Syrian Arab Republic)

2010-12-15

Transfer factors of {sup 210}Po from soil to parsley and mint have been determined. Artificial polonium isotope ({sup 208}Po) was used as a tracer to determine transfer factor of Po from soil to plant in pot experiments. Two plant growing systems were used for this study namely, an outdoor system and a sheltered system by a polyethylene tent. {sup 208}Po and {sup 210}Po were determined in soil and different parts of the studied plants (stem and leaf), using alpha spectroscopy. The results have shown that there was a clear uptake of {sup 208}Po by roots to leaves and stems of both plants. Higher values of transfer factors using the {sup 210}Po activity concentrations than the {sup 208}Po activity concentration were observed. Transfer factors of {sup 210}Po from soil to parsley varied between 20 x 10{sup -2} and 50 x 10{sup -2} and 22 x 10{sup -3} and 67 x 10{sup -3} in mint, while {sup 208}Po transfer factors varied between 4 x 10{sup -2} and 12 x 10{sup -2} for parsley and 10 x 10{sup -2} and 22 x 10{sup -2} in mint. Transfer factors of Po were higher in those plants grown in the sheltered system than in the open system; about 75% of Po was transferred from atmosphere to parsley parts using the two systems. Ratios of transferred Po from soil to mint stem and leaf in the sheltered system were higher by 2 times from those in the open system.

Polonium in cigarette smoke and radiation exposure of lungs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, F.P.; Oliveira, J.M.

2006-01-01

Polonium ( 210 Po), the most volatile of naturally-occurring radionuclides in plants, was analysed in three common brands of cigarettes produced in Portugal. The analyses were carried out on the unburned tobacco contained in cigarettes, on the ashes and butts of smoked cigarettes and on the mainstream smoke. 210 Po in tobacco displays concentrations ranging from 3 to 37 mBq g -1 , depending upon the cigarette brand. The 210 Po activity remaining in the solid residue of a smoked cigarette varied from 0.3 to 4.9 mBq per cigarette, and the 210 Po in the inhaled smoke varied from 2.6 to 28.9 mBq. In all brands of cigarettes tested, a large fraction of the 210 Po content is not inhaled by the smoker and it is released into the atmosphere. Part of it may be inhaled by passive smokers. Depending upon the commercial brand and upon the presence or absence of a filter in the cigarette, 5 to 37 % of the 210 Po in the cigarette can be inhaled by the smoker. Taking into account the average 210 Po in surface air, the smoker of one pack of twenty cigarettes per day may inhale 50 times more 210 Po than a non smoker. Cigarette smoke contributes with 1.5 % to the daily rate of 210 Po absorption into the blood, 0.39 Bq d -1 , and, after systemic circulation it gives rise to a whole body radiation dose in the same proportion. However, in the smoker the deposition of 210 Po in the lungs is much more elevated than normal and may originate an enhanced radiation exposure. Estimated dose to the lungs is presented and radiobiological effects of cigarette smoke are discussed. (author)

Studies on Polonium-210 and Lead-210 aspects in a near shore coastal environment at Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iyengar, M.A.R.

2013-01-01

In the present study, an attempt has been made to summarize the findings from a comprehensive research investigation, related to polonium-210 and lead-210 aspects in a confined near shore coastal marine environment at the site of Kalpakkam nuclear complex. The site hosts some major nuclear installations, the main units being a nuclear power station, fast breeder reactor units, reprocessing facilities and supporting facilities. These investigation have been carried out to evaluate the natural radiation exposures of the resident human population in the neighbourhood of the site complex, and compute the additional potential doses to the community, arising from operation of nuclear facilities. An added significance, surfaced during the study, was the presence of a higher natural radiation background in the study area, due to the occurrence of monazite - a thorium mineral - bearing beach sands in vast stretches of the coastal areas

Radioactive contamination in human by polonium-210 in food from marine origin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia S.; Kelecom, Philippe Marcel

2005-01-01

Food from marine origin is considered as one of the sources that most contributes to internal radioactive contamination in humans by polonium-210 ( 210 Po). This work intended to check whether a single ingestion of the mussel Perna perna should result in a detectable increase of radioactive contamination in the consumer. The mussel was bought at a fish market localized in the city of Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. It was cooked as usually, and its content in 210 Po determined after acid mineralization, spontaneous electrodeposition on stainless steel disks and alpha counting. Non-smoking volunteers maintained for two weeks a normal diet, but completely avoiding fish and seafood. Then, they ate 200 g of cooked mussel, and collected total faeces and urine every day during ten days. 210 Po level in faeces samples showed a 900% increase at the first day after ingestion, and reached normal levels after 3-4 days. In urine samples, the increase of 210 Po was much lower (50%) and reached a maximum at the fifth day. Such data showed a short time permanence of 210 Po in the intestine. Most of ingested 210 Po (∼91%) was eliminated in up to 5 days through faeces. A small amount was absorbed (∼5-10%), part of it being eliminated in urine, and the remaining contaminated the human body. (author)

Investigation of corrosion, water reaction, polonium evaporation and bismuth resource in liquid metal lead-bismuth technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takano, Hideki; Takizuka, Takakazu [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Kitano, Teruaki [Mitsui Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-10-01

Lead-bismuth is the first candidate material for liquid metal target find coolant of fueled blanket system in accelerator-driven system (ADS) studied at JAERI. Advantages of the lead-bismuth utilization are non-active material, very low capture cross section, low melting point of 125degC and high boiling point of 1670degC, and beside coolant void reactivity become negative. But problems are due to the high corrosivity to most of the structural materials and the corrosive data are scarcity. In this report, corrosivity, reaction with water, thermal-hydraulics, chemical toxicity etc. are studied by investigating some facilities utilized and researched really for lead or lead-bismuth. And, furthermore, polonium evaporation rate and bismuth resource are investigated. Main results obtained are as follows: (1) In a refinery, there are enough employment experience for liquid Pb-Bi in period of about 17 years and not corrosion for the thermal conductive materials (1Cr-0.5Mo steel) used under the condition of natural convection with temperature around 400degC. (2) In Russia, extensive experience in the use as Russian submarines and in R and D during about 50 years are available. And as a result, it will be able to lead approximately zero corrosion for Cr-Si materials by adjusting oxygen film with oxygen concentration control between 10{sup -7} to 10{sup -5}% mass. However, the corrosion data are not enough systematically collected involving them in radiation dose field. (3) In liquid-dropping experiment, it is shown that interaction between water and high temperature liquid Pb-Bi is reduced steeply with rising of atmosphere pressure. But, in order to design the second circuit removal model of ADS, the interaction should be evaluated by water continuous injection experiment. (4) Polonium forms PbPo in Pb-Bi, and the evaporation rate become less three factor than that of Po, and furthermore, the rate decreases in the atmosphere. The effects of Po on employee and environment

Equilibrium evaporation behavior of polonium and its homologue tellurium in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohno, Shuji; Miyahara, Shinya; Kurata, Yuji; Katsura, Ryoei; Yoshida, Shigeru

2006-01-01

Experimental study using the transpiration method investigates equilibrium evaporation behavior of radionuclide polonium ( 210 Po) generated and accumulated in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled nuclear systems. The experiment consists of two series of tests: preliminary evaporation tests for homologue element tellurium (Te) in LBE, and evaporation tests for 210 Po-accumulated LBE in which test specimens are prepared by neutron irradiation. The evaporation tests of Te in LBE provide the suggestion that Te exists in a chemical form of PbTe as well as the information for confirming the validity of technique and conditions of Po test. From the evaporation tests of 210 Po in LBE, we obtain fundamental data and empirical equations such as 210 Po vapor concentration in the gas phase, 210 Po partial vapor pressure, thermodynamic activity coefficients, and gas-liquid equilibrium partition coefficient of 210 Po in LBE in the temperature range from 450 to 750degC. Additionally, radioactivity concentration of 210 Po and 210m Bi vapor in a cover gas region of a typical LBE-cooled nuclear system is specifically estimated based on the obtained experimental results, and the importance of 210 Po evaporation behavior is quantitatively demonstrated. (author)

Liisa Kruusmäe juhuslikult pealt kuuldud hetked / Kaarel Kressa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kressa, Kaarel, 1983-

2011-01-01

Liisa Kruusmäe näitus "Overheard Stories / Pealtkuuldud lood" Tallinnas Draakoni galeriis. 2010. a. Eesti Kunstiakadeemia maaliosakonna lõpetanud Liisa Kruusmägi omandab EKA-s joonistamise alal magistrikraadi

Lugupeetud kunstnikud, arhitektid ja sõbrad!

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2001-01-01

Eesti Kunstnike Liidu ja Eesti Arhitektide Liidu aastavahetuspeo kava 28. XII. Esinevad Raivo Kelomees (EKA ja Tartu Kõrgema Kunstikooli videoprojektid), EKA moeosakond. Nova Moda esitleb: Ruta Depp, Ketlin Bachman, Riina Põldroos, Kati Simpson

Determination of internal radiation dose due to intake of polonium 210 and lead 210 via smoking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M. S.; Kharita, M.H.; Nashawati, A.; Amin, Y.; Al-Akel, B.

2004-12-01

In this study, 18 kind of cigarettes and five kinds of molasses consumed by Syrians were collected and analyzed for radioactivity in order to estimate the internal radiation dose caused by 210 Po and 210 Pb intake. Polonium 210 and lead 210 concentrations varied between 4 and 16.4 m Bq/cigarette, while 210 Po distribution ratios in different parts of consumed cigarette were %12, %73, %1.6 in ash, smoke and filter, respectively. In addition, annual intake of 210 Po by a main smoker was varied between 4.4 and 18 Bq/year assuming that the main smoker breathes about 15% of the total 210 Po present in tobacco. Using the values of the annual intake, annual equivalent radiation dose caused by smoking has reached 178 μSv/year. Moreover, mean concentration of 210 Po in nonsmokers and smokers bloods has reached 130 and 97 mBq/l, respectively, while the mean value of 210 Po concentration was relatively higher and reached 176 and 155 mBq/l in smokers and non smoker bloods, respectively (Authors)

Miks meile vaja maastikuarhitektuuri? = Why do we need landscape architecture? / Reinhard Micheller, Günther Schalk, Katrin Koov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Micheller, Reinhard, 1977-

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise ülesande raames on vestlusringis maastikuarhitektuurse osa juhendajad Reinhard Micheller ja Günther Schalk (michellerundschalk, München) ning Katrin Koov (KAVAKAVA, EKA maastikuarhitektuuri õppekava juht)

Polonium-210 in cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) from south-eastern Australian waters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, D.J.; Towler, H.

1993-01-01

A study was made of the concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclide polonium-210 in the livers of cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyans) caught in the waters of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia in 1991. Five elasmobranch species had 210 Po concentrations in the range 1-31 Bq kg -1 (wet weight) and one holocephalian species, the elephant fish (Callorhynchus milii), was exceptional with a 210 Po range of 60-270 Bq kg -1 (n-3, mean 180 Bq kg -1 ). Lead-210 was present at 0.1-1.1 Bq kg -1 and activity concentration ratios of 210 Po: 210 Pb were all greater than 1, indicating that the 210 Po could not all have grown in from in situ decay of 210 Pb within the chondrichthyan liver. The concentration of 210 Po in the livers appeared to be species related. Concentrations of the trace metals Cu, Fe and Zn showed no correlation with the 210 Po and were not species-related. The mean concentration of 210 Po measured in Port Phillip Bay water was 0.32 mBq kg -1 . This yields concentration factors of 3.2 x 10 3 to 8.4 x 10 5 for unsupported 210 Po in the livers of the chondrichthyans. The total 210 Po (using Q=20) exposes the livers to a weighted absorbed dose of up to 140 mGy year -1 (16 μGy h -1 ), which is >99% of the total internal dose and three orders of magnitude greater than the external dose based on estimated levels of 40 K. 18 refs., 3 tabs., 2 figs

Kunstiteaduslik doktoritöö EKA-s kaitstud / Ingrid Ruudi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ruudi, Ingrid

2005-01-01

Heie Treier "Kohalik modernsus kunstis. Eesti varamodernistliku kunsti teoreetiline ja ajalooline kontseptualiseerimine ning Karl Pärsimägi paradigmaleidmise perioodil". Juhendaja Thomas McEvilley, eelretsensent Katrin Kivimaa ja Ene Lamp. Oponent Jaak Kangilaski

The effect of preparation processes on polonium 210 transfer from tea and mate leaves to aqueous extract

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M. S.; Nashawati, A.; Amin, Y.; Al-Akel, B.

2002-08-01

Polonium 210 was determined in 34 kinds of tea samples and 8 kinds of mate samples collected from the local market. The results have shown that the activities of 210 Po in tea and meta samples were relatively high and varied between 5.5 and 39 Bq.Kg -1 , and 47 to 82 Bq.Kg -1 in tea and mate samples respectively. In order to estimate the annual intake of 210 Po by drinking of the aqueous extract of these materials, preparation processes of the leaves were performed at different conditions (temperature, duration of soaking). The results have shown that the amount of 210 Po transferred to the aqueous extract varied between 9 and 21% and 3 and 15% for tea leaves and mate respectively. There was a clear variations in the soluble amount according to the applied different conditions of soaking. The annual intake of 210 Po due to drinking tea and meta extracts was calculated and found to be 9 Bq.year -1 and 151 Bq.year -1 for tea and mate respectively. (author)

Kaasaegse Kunsti Eesti Keskus kui kunstidiiler / Rael Artel, Kai Kaljo, Marco Laimre, Marge Monko ; intervjueerinud Reet Varblane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2010-01-01

Vestlusringis osalenud vabakutseline kuraator Rael Artel, Tallinna Ülikooli dotsent, kunstnik Kai Kaljo, EKA fotoosakonna professor, kunstnik Marco Laimre ja EKA fotoosakonna dotsent, kunstnik Marge Monko arutavad, millist rolli peaks KKEK täitma praegu, 21. sajandi teisel kümnendil avatud maailma tingimustes

Kunst on töö hing / Signe Kivi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kivi, Signe, 1957-

2009-01-01

Eesti Kunstiakadeemia 95. Kunstikõrgkooli minevikust, olevikust ja tulevikust, 95. aastapäeva tähistamisest. 10. detsembril promoveeritakse EKA audoktoriteks Helsingi ülikooli emeriitprofessor Riitta Nikula ja Leideni ülikooli graafilise disaini õppejõud Gerard Unger. Uueks EKA auliikmeks on nimetatud Meelis Milder

Polonium-210 in dried fin fishes of Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carol, R.; Wesley, S.G.

2013-01-01

Tuticorin is one of the major sea-ports and fish-landing centres in the southeastern coast of India. Most of the fishes landed in this coast are consumed fresh and 40% of the fishes are used in the dried form. 210 Po (t 1/2 = 138.4 days) in marine food has received much interest from the scientific community because of its high toxicity and the radioactive dose it delivers to marine organisms and human beings when compared to anthropogenic radionuclides released into coastal waters. Although many studies have been conducted in fresh fishes from various coasts concerning 210 Po, sufficient data are not available for value-added dried marine fish products. In the present study, 210 Po and 210 Pb were quantified in some commercially important dried fishes and their exposure to humans studied. Polonium-210 was determined after wet digestion and counted using an alpha probe. Overall, the concentration of 210 Po in the dried fish muscle tissue ranged from 1.45 ± 0.82 to 559.23 ± 5.45 Bq kg -1 . The highest concentration in the muscle tissue was recorded for the species Stolephorus brevisensis (559.23 ± 8.9 Bq kg -1 ) belonging to the group Clupeidae and the lowest in Harpodon sp. (Bombay duck). The 210 Po dose receive by the public due to consumption of the dried fishes was found to be in the range of 25.2-350.3 μSV yr -1 and the fish samples were found to be radiologically safe. (author)

Uranium series radionuclides, polonium-210 and lead-210, in the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain of the Northwest Territories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, P.A.; Sheard, J.W.; Swanson, S.

1994-01-01

This report examines baseline concentrations and transfer of the uranium decay products polonium-210 and lead-210 in the lichen-caribou-wolf food chain at two locations in the Northwest Territories, Baker Lake and Snowdrift. At each location, concentrations of the two radionuclides were determined in the lichen species Cetraria nivalis and Cladina mitis, and several tissues from caribou and wolves. Baseline concentrations and transfer coefficients within the food chain were compared between the two locations. Lichen samples were also collected from Kasba Lake, a third hunting ground used by northern Saskatchewan hunters. The lichen species chosen were common forage for caribou. Both the predominant lichen species at each location and rumen contents were used to estimate the winter diet of caribou in the calculation of transfer coefficients. The results are relevant to environmental monitoring in areas of potential future uranium mining development and the transfer coefficients determined in the study may be used to estimate radionuclide concentrations and radiation doses in future environmental assessments

Joonistamine Narvas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

EKA korraldatud aktsioon "Joonistus kui identiteet" 14. ja 15. VIII Narvas. Kuraator Elnara Taidre, korraldaja Aili Vahtrapuu. 15. VIII avati Narva muuseumi kunstigaleriis joonistuste näitus "Nulla Dies Sine Linea", toimus seminar. Narva-Jõesuus landart-likus liivajoonistusprojektis osalesid Narva kunstnikud ja EKA üliõpilased

Method for evaluation of doses from ingestion of polonium, bismuth and lead as natural radioactive material(NORM); Metodo de evaluacion de dosis por ingestion de polonio, bismuto y plomo como materiales radiactivos naturales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pena, Vanessa; Puerta, Anselmo; Morales, Javier, E-mail: vpenam@ullal.edu.co, E-mail: japuerta@unal.edu.co, E-mail: jmorales@unal.cdu.co [Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin (Colombia). Grupo de Fisica Radiologica

2013-07-01

In this work was carried out an evaluation of dose from ingestion of radioactive daughters of radon (lead, bismuth and polonium), taking into account ages from three months up to adult men, using the new model of the human alimentary tract HATM and methodology of calculating doses proposed by the ICRP publication 103, which allows the estimation of dose based on the concentration of the radionuclide present in the diet or in the water of consumption.

Histochemical, light and electron microscopic study of polonium-210 induced peripheral tumours in hamster lungs -evidence implicating the Clara Cell as the cell of origin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kennedy, A.R.; McGandy, R.B.; Little, J.B.

1977-01-01

Peripheral lung tumors induced in Syrian golden hamsters by intratracheally administered polonium-210 ( 210 Po) are similar to the peripheral lung tumours induced in many species by a variety of carcinogens. In addition, they show many of the histopathological features observed in human bronchiolar-alveolar carcinomas. Serial sacrifice studies of hamsters exposed to multiple instillations of 210 Po have been carried our to identify the cell of origin of these tumors. By means of thin, plastic (glycol methacrylate) sections, electron microscopy, and histochemistry, it is concluded that the bronchiolar Clara cell is the probable cell of origin, and that this view is generally compatible with many of the reported cytological characteristics of the human tumor. (author)

Polonium 210 and lead 210 in Syrian sea and lake fish and the dose due to their intake

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Mamish, S.; Budeir, Y.; Nashwaty, A.

1998-09-01

Edible part of 36 types of sea fish collected from local market (Lattakia, Tartus, Banias) and seven types of river fish (Euphrate river and Mzerib lake) have been analyzed for 210 Po and 210 Pb. Results of analysis have shown that 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in sea fish varied between 0.27 and 27.48 Bq/kg and between 0.05 and 0.38 Bq/kg, respectively while for river fish concentrations were relatively low and varied between 0.61 and 3.08 Bq/kg for 210 Po and between 0.04 and 0.10 Bq/kg for 210 Pb. In addition, the Syrian adults daily intakes of 210 Po and 210 Pb have been estimated and found to be 6.0 and 0.24 mBq respectively. These intakes are much less than those reported in other areas in the world. The collective dose was also determined and found to be about 5.09 man.Sv for polonium 210 and 2.93 man.Sv for lead 210 . (author)

The significance of lead-210, polonium-210 and protactinium-231 in emissions from coal-fired power stations: a comparison with natural environmental sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corbett, J.O.

1981-04-01

Recently published calculations have suggested that a hypothetical individual may receive an effective radiation dose equivalent of 23 mrem/y from coal-fired power station emissions through the ingestion of lead-210, polonium-210 and protactinium-231. It is shown that the model used in those calculations is over-pessimistic by one or two orders of magnitude when applied to the deposition of Pb-210 and Po-210 derived from the decay of radon naturally present in the atmosphere. A more recent assessment of metabolic data for Pa-231 suggests that estimated doses from this nuclide also can be reduced by about a factor of twenty. It is concluded that the maximum effective dose equivalent from power station emissions probably does not exceed 1-2 mrem/y. (author)

Assessment of the hazard to the public from anti-static brushes containing polonium-210 in the form of ceramic microspheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Webb, G.A.M.; Wilkins, B.T.; Wrixon, A.D.

1975-04-01

Anti-static brushes containing polonium-210 in the form of ceramic microspheres have been tested and evaluated with regard to their availability to the general public. After summarising existing test information, results are given of routine leakage tests and special tests intended to simulate severe but credible abuse and accidents with these devices. It is found that the low levels of removable contamination and the possible loss of complete microspheres, although in principle undesirable, do not present a significant hazard. The containment integrity of ceramic microspheres under severe conditions (impact and fire) has been found unsatisfactory and it is considered possible that ICRP dose limits could be approached or even exceeded under these severe but credible abuse, accident or disposal conditions. The results of comparative tests with nonradioactive methods for static elimination did not demonstrate any adequate justification for the use of a radioactive material. The potential exposure from Staticmaster Brushes is therefore considered an unnecessary hazard to members of the public. (author)

Determination of uranium and thorium isotopes and polonium in sediment profiles from Baixada Santista, SP; Determinacao de isotopos de uranio e torio e polonio em perfis de sedimento da Baixada Santista, SP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos, Guilherme da Franca

2010-07-01

The objective of the present work is to determine the activity concentration of uranium and thorium isotopes and polonium in estuarine sediments from Baixada Santista. The area comprehends nine cities in the Brazilian coast (Bertioga, Guaruja, Santos, Sao Vicente, Cubatao, Praia Grande, Mongagua, Itanhaem and Peruibe). It is one of the most important industrial areas in Brazil due to the large number of industries operating in Cubatao, such as steel, petrochemical and fertilizer industries. That, together with a large population, causes a negative impact on the marine biota. In the present work 10 profiles of sediment cores, with depth varying from 41 to 98 cm, were analyzed. The cores were obtained from Santos, Cubatao, Sao Vicente and Bertioga. The cores were sliced every 2 cm and were treated with both physical and chemical processes, including drying, grinding and sieving. The samples were dissolved by acid digestion, till total dissolution and destruction of organic matter. After the acid digestion, the samples were filtered and evaporated till dryness. The radiochemical techniques used to separate the radionuclides and to prepare the final source for alpha counting were ion exchange chromatography and spontaneous deposition for polonium and electrodeposition for U and Th. The final sources were counted in a surface barrier alpha spectrometer. Values obtained for the radionuclides analyzed were similar to the activity concentrations of sediments in non polluted areas, with the exception of a few samples that showed anthropic influence. (author)

Elektroonilise kunsti sümpoosion

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

ISEA 2004 Tallinna näitused avatakse 17. VIII Rotermanni soolalaos, Tallinna Kunstihoones, Ku galeriis, Tallinna Linnagaleriis, Eesti Tarbekunsti- ja Disainimuuseumis, Elioni majas, Viru Keskuses, Eesti Kunstiakadeemias, Bon-Boni ööklubis, Multikultuurimajas. Loetletud osalejaid, toimuvad klubiõhtud, moedemonstratsioon, töötoad. 17. ja 18. VIII kinos "Kosmos" ja EKA-s toimuval konverentsil esinejaid. Programmi koordinaator Mare Tralla

Shape coexistence measurements in even-even neutron-deficient polonium isotopes by Coulomb excitation, using REX-ISOLDE and the Ge MINIBALL array

CERN Multimedia

Butler, P; Bastin, B; Kruecken, R; Voulot, D; Rahkila, P J; Orr, N A; Srebrny, J; Grahn, T; Clement, E; Paul, E S; Gernhaeuser, R A; Dorsival, A; Diriken, J V J; Huyse, M L; Iwanicki, J S

The neutron-deficient polonium isotopes with two protons outside the closed Z=82 shell represent a set of nuclei with a rich spectrum of nucleus structure phenomena. While the onset of the deformation in the light Po isotopes is well established experimentally, questions remain concerning the sign of deformation and the magnitude of the mixing between different configurations. Furthermore, controversy is present with respect to the transition from the vibrational-like character of the heavier Po isotopes to the shape coexistence mode observed in the lighter Po isotopes. We propose to study this transition in the even-mass neutron-deficient $^{198,200,202}$Po isotopes by using post-accelerated beams from REX-ISOLDE and "safe"-energy Coulomb excitation. $\\gamma$- rays will be detected by the MINIBALL array. The measurements of the Coulomb excitation differential cross section will allow us to deduce both the transition and diagonal matrix elements for these nuclei and, combined with lifetime measurements, the s...

Unest äratatud Alatskivi loss / Meeli Müüripeal, Sirje Pärismaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Müüripeal, Meeli, 1963-

2005-01-01

Alatskivi lossist (Arved von Nolcken, 1880-1885), lossi restaureerimise käigust ja seisust. Korras on viis esindusruumi. Sisekujunduse autorid: Olev Suuder, Oleg Mellov, ARC Projekt. SA Alatskivi Loss plaanidest. Kommenteerivad sihtasutuse juhataja Külli Must, lossi taastamise eestvedajad restauraator Raivo Nisu ja senine vallavanem Maie Nisu, kes kaitses 2004. a. EKA-s magistritöö "Alatskivi mõisaansambli revitaliseerimise ideeprojekt". 14 ill

Tallinn on klaasikunsti päralt / Mare Saare, Maie-Ann Raun

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saare, Mare, 1955-

2001-01-01

Tallinna Kunstihoones Põhja- ja Baltimaade klaasikunsti rändnäitus "Nordic Glass 2000". EKA klaasiüliõpilaste tööde valiknäitus "Glass with care" EKA galeriis, III kursuse klaasiüliõpilaste tööde näitus tervishoiumuuseumis. Rahvusraamatukogu peanäitusesaalis eesti graveeritud klaasi näitus. Raekoja galeriis klaasinäitus "Lorupist Lorupini"

Lõpetajad : Eesti Kunstiakadeemia

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2001-01-01

Kunstiteadus - 4, maalikunst - 5, stsenograafia - 3, graafika - 9, skulptuur - 4, keraamika - 4, klaasikunst - 2, metallikunst - 8, tekstiil - 6, moekunst - 2, nahakunst - 3, sisearhitektuur - 10, graafiline disain - 6, tootedisain - 8, arhitektuur (kutsemagistri kraad) - 24; magistriõpe: kunst: 4, kunstiteadus - 3. EKA Avatud Akadeemia: kujunduskunst - 17, graafiline disain - 5, tootedisain - 3. EKA Rakenduskunsti Kolledzh: graafiline disain - 4, tootedisain - 12, tekstiil ja mood - 5, ikoonimaal ja restaureerimine - 4.

Polonium-210 accumulates in a lake receiving coal mine discharges-anthropogenic or natural?

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, A W; Eitrheim, E S; Knight, A W; May, D; Wichman, M D; Forbes, T Z; Schultz, M K

2017-02-01

Coal is an integral part of global energy production; however, coal mining is associated with numerous environmental health impacts. It is well documented that coal-mine waste can contaminate the environment with naturally-occurring radionuclides from the uranium-238 ( 238 U) decay series. However, the behavior of the final radionuclide in the 238 U-series, i.e., polonium-210 ( 210 Po) arising from coal-mine waste-water discharge is largely unexplored. Here, results of a year-long (2014-2015) field study, in which the concentrations of 210 Po in sediments and surface water of a lake that receives coal-mine waste-water discharge in West Virginia are presented. Initial measurements identified levels of 210 Po in the lake sediments that were in excess of that which could be attributed to ambient U-series parent radionuclides; and were indicative of discharge site contamination of the lake ecosystem. However, control sediment obtained from a similar lake system in Iowa (an area with no coal mining or unconventional drilling) suggests that the levels of 210 Po in the lake are a natural phenomenon; and are likely unrelated to waste-water treatment discharges. Elevated levels of 210 Po have been reported in lake bottom sediments previously, yet very little information is available on the radioecological implications of 210 Po accumulation in lake bottom sediments. The findings of this study suggest that (Monthly Energy Review, 2016) the natural accumulation and retention of 210 Po in lake sediments may be a greater than previously considered (Chadwick et al., 2013) careful selection of control sites is important to prevent the inappropriate attribution of elevated levels of NORM in lake bottom ecosystems to industrial sources; and (Van Hook, 1979) further investigation of the source-terms and potential impacts on elevated 210 Po in lake-sediment ecosystems is warranted. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

"Rindemehed" Tallinna Kunstihoones

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

7. XI avatakse Tallinna Kunstihoones ja Kunstihoone galeriis Ilya ja Emilia Kabakovi ning Raul Meele näitus, Tallinna Linnagaleriis New Yorgis Kabakovi ateljees töötanud Villu Plingi ja Jan Bergi näitus. 8. XI Eesti Kunstiakadeemias toimuval EKA nõukogu avalikul koosolekul promoveeritakse EKA 85. aastapäeval audoktoriks Ilya Kabakov, kes peab pärast tseremooniat akadeemilise loengu. Repliik Ilya Kabakovilt ja Raul Meelelt

Ajalooliselt ebakorrektne Robert Baines / Robert Baines ; interv. Kadri Mälk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Baines, Robert

2004-01-01

Ajaloolist ehtekunsti erinevates muuseumides uurinud R. Baines pidas aprilli lõpul loengu EKAs ja viis läbi meistriklassi. R. Baines uurimistööst muuseumis, oma loomingust, galerii ja muuseumi vahekorrast, eesti ehtekunstist tarbekunsti- ja disainimuuseumis ja näitusel Ku galeriis (B. Lillemets, K. Maran), ehtekunstiõpetusest EKAs jm. R. Bainesi uurimustel põhinev näitus avati aprillis Müncheni antiigimuuseumis ja tema ehteloomingu näitus Biro galeriis

Evolution of microbial communities during electrokinetic treatment of antibiotic-polluted soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hongna; Li, Binxu; Zhang, Zhiguo; Zhu, Changxiong; Tian, Yunlong; Ye, Jing

2018-02-01

The evolution of microbial communities during the electrokinetic treatment of antibiotic-polluted soil (EKA) was investigated with chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC) as template antibiotics. The total population of soil microorganisms was less affected during the electrokinetic process, while living anti-CTC, anti-OTC, anti-TC and anti-MIX bacteria were inactivated by 10.48%, 31.37%, 34.76%, and 22.08%, respectively, during the 7-day treatment compared with antibiotic-polluted soil without an electric field (NOE). Accordingly, samples with NOE treatment showed a higher Shannon index than those with EKA treatment, indicating a reduction of the microbial community diversity after electrokinetic processes. The major taxonomic phyla found in the samples of EKA and NOE treatment were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. And the distribution of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi was greatly decreased compared with blank soil. In the phylum Proteobacteria, the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria was greatly reduced in the soils supplemented with antibiotics (from 13.40% in blank soil to 6.43-10.16% after treatment); while Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria showed a different trend with their abundance increased compared to blank soil, and Gammaproteobacteria remained unchanged for all treatments (2.36-2.78%). The varied trends for different classes indicated that the major bacterial groups changed with the treatments due to their different adaptability to the antibiotics as well as to the electric field. SulI being an exception, the reduction ratio of the observed antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including tetC, tetG, tetW, tetM, intI1, and sulII in the 0-2cm soil sampled with EKA versus NOE treatment reached 55.17%, 3.59%, 99.26%, 89.51%, 30.40%, and 27.92%, respectively. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted between antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ARGs and taxonomic bacterial classes. It

Individual monitoring conducted by the Health Protection Agency in the London polonium-210 incident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bailey, Michael; Birchall, Alan; Etherington, George; Wilkins, Bernard; Bishop, Louise; Fraser, Graham; Gross, Roger; Maguire, Helen; Evans, Barry; Shaw, Karen

2008-01-01

Mr. Alexander Litvinenko died on 23 November 2006, having allegedly been poisoned with polonium- 210 ( 210 Po) a few weeks earlier. The police investigation identified a number of contaminated locations, including parts of several hotels, restaurants, offices and transport. An extensive programme of individual monitoring of potentially exposed persons was rapidly initiated, based on urine sampling. Methods used for low-level measurement of 210 Po in environmental samples were adapted. The Health Protection Agency set a Reporting Level of 30 mBq d -1 , results above which indicated likely intake of 210 Po from the incident. At each location, risk assessments were undertaken to identify persons with significant risk of contamination with 210 Po. These individuals were invited to provide samples, not only to enable a direct assessment to be made of their own exposures, but also to inform decisions on whether others connected with the location should provide samples, or whether they could be reassured. Urine samples from 753 people were processed: about 500 during the first month. Of these, 139 measurements were above the Reporting Level, assessed doses for 36 were in the range ≥ 1 mSv and <6 mSv, and 17 were ≥ 6 mSv, with the highest at about 100 mSv. Many of the hotel guests were overseas visitors. An Overseas Advice Team was set up to encourage authorities abroad to adopt similar strategies. Overall, 664 persons from 52 countries and territories were identified. For 176, results of urine measurements were provided to the Overseas Advice Team, of which 13 were above the Reporting Level. Assessed doses for eight of these were <1 mSv, and the other five were in the range ≥ 1 mSv and <6 mSv. (author)

Sihtasutus Eesti Rahvuskultuuri Fond võtab 15. oktoobrini vastu...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Võetakse vastu 2004. a. stipendiumide ja kultuuriprojektide finantseerimise taotlusi. Esimest korda määratakse 2003. a. stipendiume järgmistest nimelistest allfondidest: Arvo Nenni ja Ingrid Nenni (Nõges) Fond toetab EKMi eesti kunstipärandi ostmisel, Edmund Valtmani Fond toetab stipendiumiga EKA üliõpilast või alla 30-aastast EKA vilistlast parima graafilise teose eest, Natalie Mei Fond toetab professionaalsete ja tulemuslike lava- ning kostüümikujundajate tegevust ja täiendusõpet jt.

Relative abundance of PcP energy in explosion seismic signals from Eastern Kazakh and South Western Russia recorded at Eskdalemuir, Yellowknife and Gauribidanur arrays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basu, T.K.; Arora, S.K.

1991-01-01

In this study further evidence of relative abundance of PcP (core reflected P) energy in explosion seismic records is gathered. It is based on the analysis of temporal and spectral characteristics of P and PcP digital seismograms of twenty-three underground nuclear explosions in Eastern Kazakh and Southern Russia recorded at Eskdalemuir (EKA) and Yellowkinfe (YKA) arrays. The results are compared with those obtained earlier using Gauribidanur array (GBA) data. It is found that seismic sources in Southwestern Russia give consistently large values of the PcP identifier when both EKA and YKA data are used thus corroborating authors' earlier finding with regard to this Soviet region of typical Q-structure inferred from GBA data. As regards relative levels of PcP energy in explosion generated seismic waves, it is found to be substantially large at GBA, moderate at YKA and least at EKA. (author). 8 figs., 3 tabs

Death by polonium-210: lessons learned from the murder of former Soviet spy Alexander Litvinenko.

Science.gov (United States)

McFee, Robin B; Leikin, Jerrold B

2009-02-01

The medical response to radiation--whether the result of radiological warfare, terrorist deployment of improvised radiation dispersal weapons, political assassination, occupational or industrial accidents or the medically radiated patient remains one of the least taught among all disciplines within medical education. In the aftermath of 9/11 among medical vulnerabilities to toxicant threats, of all the categories of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--whether using the CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive) or NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) acronym--radiation is the least taught in professional schools, responder cultures or civil preparedness organizations. To date, few health care professionals (HCP) possess the fundamental knowledge or skills to identify and diagnose, let alone treat a radiation victim; this vulnerability made even more obvious in the aftermath of the high profile assassination of former Russian agent Alexander Litvinenko. He was poisoned with Polonium210. Radioactive substances are ubiquitous with radiation sources being in or transported through virtually every region nationwide. It is essential to increase preparedness among community and rural health care facilities as well as urban and university hospitals. Managing radiation injuries effectively requires access to specialized equipment and expertise. Radiation sickness is progressive and may require acute, critical and long-term care throughout the course of illness. Regardless of the source, preparedness rests upon acknowledging a threat exists and dedicating the resources to address the risks including the enhancement of training and equipment. Mass or individual exposures to radiation present unique challenges to the entire response continuum from law enforcement, first responders and emergency medical care. Increased education about and practice in responding to radiological threats is essential to enhance preparedness.

Polonium-210 and selenium in tissues and tissue extracts of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Gulf of Trieste).

Science.gov (United States)

Kristan, Urška; Planinšek, Petra; Benedik, Ljudmila; Falnoga, Ingrid; Stibilj, Vekoslava

2015-01-01

Marine organisms such as mussels and fish take up polonium (Po) and selenium (Se), and distribute them into different cellular components and compartments. Due to its high radiotoxicity and possible biomagnification across the marine food chain Po-210 is potentially hazardous, while selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the presence and extractability of the elements in the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the Gulf of Trieste. The levels of Po-210 in the samples ranged from 220 to 400 Bq kg(-1) and of Se from 2.6 to 8.2 mg kg(-1), both on a dry matter basis. Using various extraction types and conditions in water, buffer or enzymatic media, the best extractability was obtained with enzymatic extraction (Protease XIV, 1h shaking at 40 °C) and the worst by water extraction (24 h shaking at 37 °C). 90% of Po-210 and 70% of Se was extractable in the first case versus less than 10% of Po-210 and less than 40% of Se in the second. Such evident differences in extractability between the investigated elements point to different metabolic pathways of the two elements. In enzymatic extracts Se speciation revealed three Se compounds (SeCys2, SeMet, one undefined), while Po-210 levels were too low to allow any conclusions about speciation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tallinna Ülikool tulekul / Sirje Tohver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tohver, Sirje

2002-01-01

Ajaloo Instituudi, EAR-i, Eesti Humanitaarinstituudi, EKA ja TPÜ juhid kirjutasid 15.05.2002 Tallinna Raekojas alla ühise tegevuse lepingule ning ühiste kavatsuste deklaratsioonile. Tallinna Ülikooli alustab 2003/04. õa. Kirjutati alla ka koostöölepingule Tallinna linnaga, mis sätestab lepingupoolte tegevuse urbanistikaalase õppetöö ning linnauuringute korraldamisel. Kommenteerivad TPÜ rektor M. Heidmets, EKA rektor A. Keskküla, Ajaloo Instituudi direktor P. Raudkivi, EHI Sihtasutuse Nõukogu esimees R. Raud, EHI rektor J. Tamm

Study of polonium and lead in shellfish (Mytilus Edulis) from NORM discharge area of Aberdeen Bay and Ythan Estuary of Scotland and radiological impact to the local people and environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Satyajit Ghose; Brian Heaton

2005-01-01

Introduction The problem of NORM in the oil and gas industry is a result of deposits of radioactive (Ra,BaSO 4 ) scale within pipelines and processing equipment. The build-up of the scale has a significant impact on the activities of the operating company involved and is therefore a costly problem. The pipes and other equipment must therefore be cleaned on a regular basis or disposed of and replaced. Once the LSA scale has been removed from oil processing equipment the main route of disposal is into the sea. This scale contains mainly radium, lead and its daughter products, which have a long half-lives and high radiotoxicity. The volume of NORM waste produced by the petroleum industry is quite impressive. There are 230 oil and gas producing platforms in UK waters together with around 40 onshore oil and gas producing wells. All are involved in NORM production and discharging the NORM contaminated waste to the North Sea. Discharge of radioactive scale waste from offshore platforms into the surface waters of sea has been a matter of concern due to possible environmental effects of radioelements contained in such waters. Subject to certain conditions this is allowed under the UK Radioactive Substances Act 1993 which controls the release of radioactive materials into the environment. In the case for North sea oil and gas field waste, waste from the cleaning of contaminated plant and equipment is either discharged to sea off shore, discharged to sea from a pipeline in Aberdeen or stored at the Dounraey nuclear facility. Although allowed since 1981 no one has ascertained if these conditions are ensuring full protection of fish consumers. Furthermore, the disposal of large amounts of contaminated wastes resulting from the various stages of oil processing can pose an environmental problem due to its content of long lived radionuclides ( 226 Ra t 1/2 = 1600 y and 210 Pb t 1/2 = 22 years). In order that an accurate estimate of the contribution of polonium from NORM discharges

"Nägemus" EKA galeriis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Tartu Kõrgema Kunstikooli tekstiilikunsti osakonna gobeläänide näitus "Nägemus". Osalejad: Triinu Pungits, Signe Vilde, Jaanika Terasmaa, Leeda Ots, Gerli Aimla, Merike Uiga, Irina Vizner-Laur, Mari Vaaderpall, Heike Sepp

Fabergé fondi tunnustus Eesti ehtekunstile

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Mais Peterburis toimunud Fabergé fondi noorte ehtekunsti rahvusvahelisel konkurssnäitusel võitis nooremas vanuserühmas I preemia EKA sepakunsti üliõpilane Argo Männik, II-III preemiat jagas ehtekunsti magistrant Andrus Rumm. Mais oli EKA ehteväljapanek Genfis kaasaegse ehtekunsti suursündmusel "L' ornement est-il toujours un crime". Väljapanekud koostas Kadri Mälk. Genfi kunstimuuseumis šveitsi XX sajandi ehtekunsti erinäitus. Muuseum avaldas soovi võtta oma püsikogusse Eve Margus-Villemsi objekt "Enesepettus"

Polonium-210 activity concentration, transfer and dose to certain invertebrates found in the vicinity of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project, Tamil Nadu, India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benjamin, J.; Wesley, S.G.; Rajan, M.P.

2013-01-01

Invertebrates are significant reference organisms, and some of them tend to accumulate certain radionuclides in increased levels. It is imperative that the levels of radionuclides are measured in certain organism in the vicinity of any major nuclear power project before its commissioning; hence, this study was carried out in the surroundings of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project site. The natural radionuclide polonium-210 having affinity to the organic matter in the soil and to the protein content of the animals, is very significant as it delivers a high internal dose to the organisms. The activity concentration of this radionuclide, its transfer and dose were assessed in two terrestrial (earthworm, Pheretima posthuma and land snail, Trachea vittata) and two aquatic (apple snail, Pila globosa and bivalve mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis) invertebrates. The activity concentration of 210 Po was found to be the highest in the earthworm and the lowest in the land snail. The per-animal dose due to 210 Po was the highest for the apple snail and the lowest for the earthworm. The results indicate that 210 Po does not constitute a significant radiological threat to the organisms. (author)

A review of radio chemical analysis and estimation of 210Po in soil matrices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N.K. Sethy

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The naturally occurring radionuclide 210Po, arising from the uranium–radium decay series, provides a considerable contribution to the radiation exposure to humans. Polonium is analyzed for a variety of purposes, including for radiological impact assessment or as a tracer of environmental processes. Losses of polonium may occur at temperatures above 100 °C, depending on conditions, requiring particular care in sample preparation and treatment. There has been little development regarding analysis of polonium in environmental samples since 1960 as radiochemical analysis of polonium is quite straight forward due to easy of source preparation through auto-deposition on to metal surfaces. In this paper a brief review of estimation of polonium in the soil samples have given emphasis.

Uued raamatud

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Constructed happiness - domestic environment in the cold war era / Võistlevad õnned - elukeskkond külma sõja perioodil (EKA, 2005; toimetajad Mart Kalm, Ingrid Ruudi, kujundajad Martin Lazarev, Tiit Lepp, Andrus Kõresaar); Ruumipilt : Eesti parimad interjöörid ja disain : konkurss 2004 / Eesti Sisearhitektide Liit (Minuskel, 2005; projektijuht Mati Veermets, kujundaja Tiiu Prisko, tekstid: Ell-Maaja Randküla); Eesti Kunstiakadeemia ajakirja 1. number (toimetajad Karolin Kuusik, Kristina Paju, kujundajad Kadri-Maria Mitt, Tuuli Aule, fotod: Tatjana Muravskaja); Eesti Kunstiakadeemia lõputööd 2005 (EKA, 2005; koostajad Karin Laansoo, Alo Paistik, kujundajad T. Aule, K.-M. Mitt, fotograafid Pelle Kalmo, Riikka Tauriainen, Anu Vahtra); Hallas-Murula, Karin. Suurlinn Tallinn : Eliel Saarineni "Suur-Tallinna" projekt. 1913 (Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseum, 2005; kujundaja Tiit Jürna); Kivi, Raul-Levroit. Tartu planeerimisest ja arhitektuurist : artikleid ja mälestusi (Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseum, 2005; koostajad Jaan Malin, K. Hallas-Murula); Arhitektuuriaasta 2004 : arhitektuuripreemiate nominendid (Solnessi Arhitektuurikirjastus, 2005; tekst: Epp Lankots, kujundaja Arhitektuuri Domeen); Archiprix International 2005 : world's best graduation projects (Rotterdam, 2005; EKA lõpetanud arhitektidest on publitseeritud Ralf Lõokese magistritöö "Superrand")

Polonium 2 sup 1 sup 0 and lead 2 sup 1 sup 0 in Syrian sea and river fish and radiation dose due to their consumption

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Mamish, S.; Budier, Y.; Nashwati, A.

1999-01-01

Edible part of 36 types of sea fish collected from local market (Lattakia, Tartus, Banias) and seven types of river fish (Al-Furat river and Mzerib lake) have been analyzed for 210 Po and 210 Pb. Results of analysis have shown that 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations in sea fish varied between 0.27 and 27.48 Bq/kg and between 0.05 and 0.38 Bq/kg, respectively while for river fish concentrations were relatively low and varied between 0.61 and 3.08 Bq/kg for 210 Po and between 0.04 and 0.10 Bq/kg for 210 Pb. In addition, the Syrian adults daily intakes of 210 Po and 210 Pb have been estimated and found to be 6.0 and 0.24 mBq respectively. These intakes are much less than those reported in other areas in the world. The collective dose was also determined and found to be about 5.09 man.sv for polonium 210 and 2.93 man.sv for lead 210 . (author)

210 Po content in tobacco cigarettes in Thailand

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chittaporn, P.

1985-12-01

A technique has been modified to measure polonium-210 in tobacco cigarettes manufactured in Thailand. Polonium-210 which is equilibrated with polonium-208 tracer added before processing for chemical separation is isolated and quantitatively deposited on a nickel disc from concentration HCl acid. The plated disc is counted on an alpha spectrometer. The alpha resolution of polonium on nickel disc of the surface barrier detector with active area 300 mm 2 was about 30 keV. A chemical blank was processed with each tobacco sample. The average recovery yield was about 70 percent. The lower limit of detection as determined from average chemical blank values 0.058+-0.006 pCi was 0.02 pCi for a 24 hour count. The polonium-210 content in 9 brand names cigarette manufactured in Thailand were varied from 0.121 pCi/g tobacco to 0.282 pCi/g. tobacco, and in 6 brand names shredded tobacco popularize as tobacco cigarette in upcountry were varied from 0.303 pCi/g. tobacco to 0.446 pCi/g. tobacco. In summary polonium-210 content in tobacco cigarettes manufactured in Thailand are ranged from 0.121 pCi/g. tobacco to 0.446 pCi/g. tobacco. The average polonium-210 content for 15 brand names tobacco cigarette is 0.273+-0.10 pCi/g. tobacco

Methods and Data Used to Investigate Polonium-210 as a Source of Excess Gross-Alpha Radioactivity in Ground Water, Churchill County, Nevada

Science.gov (United States)

Seiler, Ralph L.

2007-01-01

Ground water is the major source of drinking water in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada. Previous studies have shown that uranium and gross-alpha radioactivities in ground water can be greater than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels, particularly in the Carson Desert, Churchill County, Nevada. Studies also have shown that the primary source of the gross-alpha radioactivity and alpha-emitting radionuclides in ground water is the dissolution of uranium-rich granitic rocks and basin-fill sediments that have their origins in the Sierra Nevada. However, ground water sampled from some wells in the Carson Desert had gross-alpha radioactivities greater than could be accounted for by the decay of dissolved uranium. The occurrence of polonium-210 (Po-210) was hypothesized to explain the higher than expected gross-alpha radioactivities. This report documents and describes the study design, field and analytical methods, and data used to determine whether Po-210 is the source of excess gross-alpha radioactivity in ground water underlying the Carson Desert in and around Fallon, Nevada. Specifically, this report presents: 1) gross alpha and uranium radioactivities for 100 wells sampled from June to September 2001; and 2) pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and Po-210 radioactivity for 25 wells sampled in April and June 2007. Results of quality-control samples for the 2007 dataset are also presented.

EKA tootedisaini üliõpilane...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Eesti Kunstiakadeemia tootedisaini osakonna IV kursuse üliõpilane Riho Tiivel võitis Itaalias toimunud disainikonkursi "ReAL 13 - Eating Anywhere" peapreemia oma alumiiniumist lusikaga "Spoon Container"

2. XI esitles EKA aulas...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Kunstidoktor Kärt Summatavet esitles oma raamatut "Folk Tradition and Artistic Inspiration. A Woman's Life in Traditional Estonian Jewelry and Crafts as Told by Anne and Roosi" ("Pärimus ja inspiratsioon. Kõnelusi Anne ja Roosiga naise elukaarest eesti pärimuslikus ehtekultuuris ning käsitöös". Raamat on Helsingi kunsti- ja disainiülikoolis kaitstud doktoritöö publikatsioon

11. X esitleti EKA raamatukogus...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Esitleti artiklite kogumikku "Constructed Happiness. Domestic Environment in the Cold War Era/Võistlevad õnned. Elukeskkond külma sõja ajal", kuhu on koondatud 2004. a. kunstiteaduste instituudis peetud rahvusvahelise konverentsi materjalid

EKA e-meedia keskus korraldab...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Adobe AfterEffects'i (algkursus 28.-31. III, 1. IV, registreerimine kuni 23. III, edasijõudnute kursus 22.-24. III, registreerimine kuni 18. III, juhendab Manuel Zadok Prantsusmaalt) ja Macromedia Flash'i (juhendab Raitis Smits Lätist) kursused

Levels of polonium-210 in highly consumed sea foods from a fish market of the city of Niteroi, RJ-Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marsico, Eliane T.; Sao Clemente, Sergio C. de; Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia S.

2007-01-01

Polonium-210 ( 210 Po), a short-lived member from the uranium series, is broadly distributed in Nature being among all alpha-emitters the major contributor to the internal dose in man. Studies of diets have shown that marine foods are important sources of this radionuclide. The levels of 210 Po have been determined in three highly consumed marine species, the fishes Sardinella brasiliensis (sardine) and Thunnus atlanticus (tuna), and the shrimp Litopenaeus brasiliensis, purchased from the Niteroi (RJ, Brazil) fish market, and caught along the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Doses of 210 Po were determined for the entire organisms and for some tissues and organs, such as eyes, heart, gills, muscle, stomach liver, intestine and pyloric caecal (fishes) or eyes, head content, exoskeleton, muscle, hepatopancreas and pleopods. 210 Po is not uniformly distributed within these species, the highest levels being observed for sardine in the intestine (1634.6 mBq g-1), tuna in pyloric caecal (4656.1 mBq g-1) and shrimp in the hepatopancreas (1460.5 mBq g-1). The 210 Po activities in sardine, tuna and shrimp, calculated on a mean whole-organism basis, were 64.6, 34.5 and 39.5 Bq kg-1 (dry weight) respectively, with corresponding concentration factors of 7.2 x104, 3.8 x104 and 4.4 x104. Considering body distribution, almost 60% of the total activity is concentrated in the pyloric caecal of both fishes and in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp. In turn, the edible parts concentrate much less activity. (author)

Rohelised koridorid: Raekoda maastikus = Green corridors: Town Hall in landscape / Kristiina Remmelkoor

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Remmelkoor, Kristiina

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus, kus Admiraliteedi bassein koos uue raekojahoonega saavad osaks suurest avalikust pargist

Lävimine: aatrium kommunikatsiooni loojana = Interaction: atrium as generator of communication / Maie Raud, Anni Haldre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raud, Maie

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus, kus aatrium on konstruktiivne, logistiline ja infovahetuse sõlmpunkt raekoja hoones

Sulandumine: brändimaastik = Blending in: brandscape / Artur Staškevitš

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Staškevitš, Artur

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus koosneb kolmest selgest arhitektuursest ja ehituslikust mahust, mis sujuvalt linnakeskkonda sulanduvad

Eriilmeline Tallinn: identiteetide paljususe soodustamine = Diverse Tallinn: fostering diversity of identities / Alvin Järving, Marten Kaevats, Kadri Klementi...[jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2010-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna IV kursuse 2009-2010 õppeaastal uuritakse linnaehituslikke probleeme. Tallinna linna visioonidest. Iga linnaasum vajab omale tugevat identiteeti. Kodukant kui linnaruumi tasand

Ars longa vita brevis / Endrik Mänd

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mänd, Endrik, 1972-

2011-01-01

EKA uue hoone ehitusloa menetlemisega seotud pöördumisest Tallinna Linnaplaneerimise Ametile. Linn represseerivat kinnisvaraomanikku, sest viimane ei nõustu kooskõlastama Eesti Kunstiakadeemia ehitusluba

Väljak: esindusväljak = Square: the city square / Merilin Jürimets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jürimets, Merilin

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus,kus strateegilises asukohas olev raekoda avab tänavapinna maksimaalselt avalikkusele

A novel technique for the simultaneous determination of 210Pb and 210Po using a crown ether

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vajda, N.; LaRosa, J.; Zeisler, R.; Danesi, P.; Kis-Benedek, Gy.

1997-01-01

A simple radiochemical procedure has been developed to separate lead and polonium simultaneously from different environmental and biological materials. After adding 208 Po tracer and lead carrier, samples are decomposed using mineral acids. Lead and polonium are selectively retained from 2M HCl solution by the bis-4,4'(5')-t-butyl-cyclohexano-18-crown-6-ether; polonium is stripped with 6 M HNO 3 while lead is stripped with 6 M HCL solution. A polonium source is prepared by spontaneous deposition onto a silver disk. The activity concentration of 210 Po is determined by isotope dilution alpha spectrometry. Lead is precipitated as oxalate; the chemical recovery is determined by gravimetry. The activity concentration of 210 Pb is calculated from the liquid scintillation spectrum. (author)

Distribution of radionuclide in Cauvery River Basin, South Interior Karnataka, India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kavitha, E.; Chandrashekara, M.S.; Paramesh, L.

2015-01-01

Radium, radon and polonium are the most important isotopes from the radiological point of view in the uranium decay series. The concentrations of radium, radon and polonium were studied in water samples of Kodagu, Mandya, Mysuru, Hassan and Chamarajanagara districts. The study area lies between 10°05'N to 13°30' N latitudes and 75°30' E to 79°45' E longitudes. Polonium in water was estimated using radiochemical analysis. Higher concentration of polonium in water was observed at Kushalnagara region (3.35 mBqL -1 ), lower value was found near Mysuru (1.54 mBqL -1 ) -and the average polonium concentration in the study region was (2.49 mBqL -1 ). The radium-226 was analysed using Emanometry method. Higher concentration of radium-226 was found near Abbi falls of Kodagu district (73.0 mBqL -1 ), lower value was found in Srirangapatna of Mandya district (2.20 mBqL -1 ) and the average was 36.12 mBqL -1 . W.H.O and UNSCEAR have given the tolerable dose range for different radioactive elements. If the estimated value crosses this range then it would cause certain health hazards. The values obtained in the present study are comparable to the value of polonium, radium and radon in water reported in literature. (author)

A biokinetic study of {sup 209}Po in man

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henricsson, C.F.; Ranebo, Y. [Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital in Lund (Sweden); Hansson, M. [Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmoe, Lund University, Skane University Hospital in Malmoe (Sweden); Raeaef, C.L., E-mail: Christopher.Raaf@med.lu.se [Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmoe, Lund University, Skane University Hospital in Malmoe (Sweden); Holm, E. [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osteras (Norway)

2012-10-15

Five adult volunteers participated in a biokinetic study of radioactive polonium. Portions of about 10 Bq of {sup 209}Po were orally administrated to four of the volunteers in a single ingestion. The fifth volunteer ingested a daily amount of 53 mBq of 209Po for 243 d to study the time to achieve equilibrium between intake and excretion for protracted intakes. For the subjects ingesting single intakes of {sup 209}Po complete sampling of urine and feces was subsequently collected the first few days upon the ingestion. The samples were processed with radiochemical extraction and analyzed with alpha spectrometry. In the study, the maximum daily excretion rates in feces were 18-50% of the ingested activity, observed within 3 d after intake. Regarding the urine excretion, the daily excretion peaked, on average, at 0.15-1% of the ingested activity within two days upon intake. These results indicate an average gastro-intestinal uptake fraction of 0.46 {+-} 0.08, which agrees well with earlier biokinetic studies of polonium in man. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Human metabolism of an oral intake of polonium. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 4 individuals were administrated about 10 Bq polonium-209. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Gastro-intestinal uptake fraction, if orally administrated polonium-209 was investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The biological half-time of polonium in human body was studied.

Täna kell 14 avatakse Eesti Kunstiakadeemias...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Avatakse mälestustahvel (autor Mare Mikof) EKA keraamikaosakonna asutajale Géza Jak̤le. Janos Probstnerilt ettekanne G. Jak̤ tegevusest, ungari kaasegsest keraamikast ja Kecskemeti keraamikastuudiost

Sulandumine: jalajälg = Blending in: the footprint / Anni Haldre, Marilin Tuulemets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Haldre, Anni, 1990-

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus raekojale, kus vormimäärajaks sai olemasoleva krundi maksimaalne mahuline ärakasutamine

Levels of polonium-210 in highly consumed sea foods from a fish market of the city of Niteroi, RJ-Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marsico, Eliane T.; Sao Clemente, Sergio C. de [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Veterinaria. Dept. de Tecnologia de Alimentos; Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia S. [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Biologia Geral. Lab. de Radiobiologia e Radiometria Pedro Lopes dos Santos - LARARA

2007-07-01

Polonium-210 ({sup 210}Po), a short-lived member from the uranium series, is broadly distributed in Nature being among all alpha-emitters the major contributor to the internal dose in man. Studies of diets have shown that marine foods are important sources of this radionuclide. The levels of {sup 210}Po have been determined in three highly consumed marine species, the fishes Sardinella brasiliensis (sardine) and Thunnus atlanticus (tuna), and the shrimp Litopenaeus brasiliensis, purchased from the Niteroi (RJ, Brazil) fish market, and caught along the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Doses of {sup 210}Po were determined for the entire organisms and for some tissues and organs, such as eyes, heart, gills, muscle, stomach liver, intestine and pyloric caecal (fishes) or eyes, head content, exoskeleton, muscle, hepatopancreas and pleopods. {sup 210}Po is not uniformly distributed within these species, the highest levels being observed for sardine in the intestine (1634.6 mBq g-1), tuna in pyloric caecal (4656.1 mBq g-1) and shrimp in the hepatopancreas (1460.5 mBq g-1). The {sup 210}Po activities in sardine, tuna and shrimp, calculated on a mean whole-organism basis, were 64.6, 34.5 and 39.5 Bq kg-1 (dry weight) respectively, with corresponding concentration factors of 7.2 x104, 3.8 x104 and 4.4 x104. Considering body distribution, almost 60% of the total activity is concentrated in the pyloric caecal of both fishes and in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp. In turn, the edible parts concentrate much less activity. (author)

Radioactive contamination in human by polonium-210 in food from marine origin; Contaminacao radioativa humana por Polonio-210 contido em alimento de origem marinha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kelecom, Alphonse; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia S.; Kelecom, Philippe Marcel [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Biologia Geral. Lab. de Radiobiologia e Radiometria (LARARA)]. E-mail: egbakel@vm.uff.br

2005-07-01

Food from marine origin is considered as one of the sources that most contributes to internal radioactive contamination in humans by polonium-210 ({sup 210}Po). This work intended to check whether a single ingestion of the mussel Perna perna should result in a detectable increase of radioactive contamination in the consumer. The mussel was bought at a fish market localized in the city of Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. It was cooked as usually, and its content in {sup 210}Po determined after acid mineralization, spontaneous electrodeposition on stainless steel disks and alpha counting. Non-smoking volunteers maintained for two weeks a normal diet, but completely avoiding fish and seafood. Then, they ate 200 g of cooked mussel, and collected total faeces and urine every day during ten days. {sup 210}Po level in faeces samples showed a 900% increase at the first day after ingestion, and reached normal levels after 3-4 days. In urine samples, the increase of {sup 210}Po was much lower (50%) and reached a maximum at the fifth day. Such data showed a short time permanence of {sup 210}Po in the intestine. Most of ingested {sup 210}Po ({approx}91%) was eliminated in up to 5 days through faeces. A small amount was absorbed ({approx}5-10%), part of it being eliminated in urine, and the remaining contaminated the human body. (author)

The Bonebrake Theological Seminary: Top-Secret Manhattan Project Site

Science.gov (United States)

Sopka, Katherine R.; Sopka, Elisabeth M.

2010-09-01

We discuss the top-secret Manhattan Project site established at the Bonebrake Theological Seminary in 1943 in Dayton, Ohio, where research on polonium and its production was carried out. The polonium produced there was then transported to Los Alamos to be used in a polonium-beryllium neutron source whose purpose was to ignite the plutonium implosion bomb that would be dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945. Our account is based primarily on the recollections of John J. Sopka, research physicist at the Bonebrake laboratory.

Dietary intake of natural radionuclides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smith-Briggs, J L; Bradley, E J [National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton (UK)

1984-09-01

The levels of the natural radionuclides, radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210 were measured in food samples collected for a National Food Survey, thus reflecting current consumption patterns in the UK. Daily intakes of radium-226, lead-210 and inferred values of polonium-210 were calculated for 20 food groups. From these data, the annual effective dose equivalents from radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210 in the UK diet were estimated to be 3..mu..Sv, 41..mu..Sv and 13..mu..Sv respectively.

Ingestion of polonium ((210)Po) via dietary sources in high background radiation areas of south India.

Science.gov (United States)

Arunachalam, Kantha Deivi; Baskaran, Kamesh Viswanathan; Rao, D D; Sathyapriya, R; Annamalai, Sathesh Kumar; Kuruva, Jaya Krishna; Hari, Shanmugamsundaram

2014-10-01

To study the distribution of Polonium ((210)Po) activity in dietary sources in the high background radiation zone of Puttetti in southern Tamil Nadu. (210)Po was analyzed in the food materials consumed by the male and female individual representatives living in the high background areas by 24-h Duplicate Diet Study (DDS) and Market Basket Study (MBS). The MBS was performed by collecting the food samples such as, cereals, fruits, leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables, fish, meat and milk grown in the high background radiation zone of southern Tamil Nadu as a part of baseline study in this region. The DDS was done by collecting the food materials consumed including the beverages in 24 h from different age groups of male and female individuals living in the village of Puttetti. The intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclide (210)Po was estimated. The average concentration of (210)Po in DDS (n = 33) was found to be 74 mBq.kg(- 1) of fresh weight. The MBS was collected based on food consumption representing more than 85-95% of annual supply, and were divided into eight food groups. The average concentration of (210)Po in the eight food groups namely leafy vegetables was 2176 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 3), vegetables 55 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 10), roots and tubers 251 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 4), fruits 65 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 5), fish 345 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 2), meat food 117 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 3), milk 20 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 1) and cereal 290 (n = 1) mBq.kg(- 1) of fresh weight, respectively. The annual intake and ingestion dose due to (210)Po was estimated by DDS and MBS in adults, adolescents and children. The overall results showed that the MBS was moderately higher than the DDS in all age groups. Moreover, a DDS approach may even be more realistic, as cooked foodstuffs are used for dietary exposure assessment. The study confirms that the current levels of (210)Po do not pose a significant radiological risk to the local inhabitants.

Admiraliteedi bassein: tühermaa = Admirality basin: wasteland / Kaisa Lillemets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lillemets, Kaisa, 1986-

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodava raekoja asukohana valitud Admiraliteedi basseini äärse ümbruse kirjeldus Kaisa Lillemetsa planšetilt

Tavasti stipendium = Tavast scholarship

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2014-01-01

Ennesõjaaegse Eesti tuntuima juveelitöösturi Roman Tavasti poja Raul-Roman Tavasti 1998. aastal asutatud stipendium professionaalse ehtekunsti järelkasvu toetamiseks EKA ehtekunsti eriala üliõpilastele

An experimental study on carcinogenesis related to localized fibrosis in the lung

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohwada, Hidemi; Hayashi, Yutaka; Seki, Masatoshi.

1980-01-01

The present series of experiments was carried out in order to see what role pre-existing localized fibrosis plays in carcinogenesis of the lung. Hemorrhagic infarction was produced in the lung of 180 male Wistar rats by injecting 0.05 ml of hexachlorotetrafluorobutane into the tail vein. This resulted in localized fibrosis in the lung 3 months later. One hundred and fifteen rats were alive 3 months after administration of the chemical. Of these animals, 30 were given no further treatment (control). The remaining 85 rats were given intratracheal instillation of 0.2 μCi of polonium-210 once a week, a total of 15 times. It was subsequently found that lung carcinoma was induced in close proximity to the localized pulmonary fibrosis in 3 of 26 rats (11.5%) during the period from completion of the 15 weekly administrations of polonium-210 until the end of this experiment (21 months after the 1st instillation of polonium-210). Polonium-210 was found to be deposited in the fibrous thickening of the alveolus around the subpleural fibrotic lesion, bronchial epithelium, and peribronchial lymph apparati at the initial period of administration of polonium-210, but during the period of pulmonary carcinogenesis, it was deposited in the localized fibrotic lesion in the lung and in a few cancer cells. This suggests that polonium-210 deposited in the pulmonary fibrotic lesion remains there over a long period of time, indicating a reduced clearance ability at this site. (author)

Väljak: siseväljak = Square: inner plaza / Kristi Tuurmann, Tiia Vahula, Riin Kersalu, Kerstin Kivila

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tuurmann, Kristi

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus, kus ei teki raekoja ette traditsioonilist väljakut, pigem "kolib" see avaliku ruumina linnavalitsuse sisse

Dietary intake of natural radionuclides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith-Briggs, J.L.; Bradley, E.J.

1984-01-01

The levels of the natural radionuclides, radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210 were measured in food samples collected for a National Food Survey, thus reflecting current consumption patterns in the UK. Daily intakes of radium-226, lead-210 and inferred values of polonium-210 were calculated for 20 food groups. From these data, the annual effective dose equivalents from radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210 in the UK diet were estimated to be 3μSv, 41μSv and 13μSv respectively. (U.K.)

Aed: ajastatud = Garden: timed / Eve Komp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Komp, Eve, 1982-

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahenduses on iga avalik ruum ümber raekoja hoone kujundatud erinevalt, vastavalt päeva rütmile

Väljak: satelliitväljakud = Square: satellite squares / Siim Tiisvelt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tiisvelt, SIim, 1987-

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus, kus uue raekoja linnaehituslik idee lähtub antud piirkonnas ruumiliselt kõige domineerivamast elemendist - Admiraliteedi basseinist

Measurement of radon daughters in air samples by alpha spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acena, M.L.; Crespo, M.T.

1989-01-01

The concentration of radon progeny in air has been determined by alpha spectrometry measurement of polonium 214 and polonium 218. A known volume of air was passed through a filter, then the alpha activity was directly measured on this filter (Author)

Reprogramming of rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells toward epiblast and chimeric competency using Krüppel-like factors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yann Tapponnier

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells (rbiPSCs possess the characteristic features of primed pluripotency as defined in rodents and primates. In the present study, we reprogrammed rbiPSCs using human Krüppel-like factors (KLFs 2 and 4 and cultured them in a medium supplemented with fetal calf serum and leukemia inhibitory factor. These cells (designated rbEKA were propagated by enzymatic dissociation for at least 30 passages, during which they maintained a normal karyotype. This new culturing protocol resulted in transcriptional and epigenetic reconfiguration, as substantiated by the expression of transcription factors and the presence of histone modifications associated with naïve pluripotency. Furthermore, microarray analysis of rbiPSCs, rbEKA cells, rabbit ICM cells, and rabbit epiblast showed that the global gene expression profile of the reprogrammed rbiPSCs was more similar to that of rabbit ICM and epiblast cells. Injection of rbEKA cells into 8-cell stage rabbit embryos resulted in extensive colonization of ICM in 9% early-blastocysts (E3.5, epiblast in 10% mid-blastocysts (E4.5, and embryonic disk in 1.4% pre-gastrulae (E6. Thus, these results indicate that KLF2 and KLF4 triggered the conversion of rbiPSCs into epiblast-like, embryo colonization-competent PSCs. Our results highlight some of the requirements to achieve bona fide chimeric competency.

Rohelised koridorid: vöö = Green corridors: the belt / Kaisa Lillemets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lillemets, Kaisa, 1986-

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahenduse põhiideeks on kaks teistest eristuvat hoonet (raekoda ja sadam), mis ühendavad basseini ja rohevöö

Kas sent või sant? / Riin Kübarsepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kübarsepp, Riin, 1978-

2000-01-01

Silja Saarepuu näitusest "Sent" Tallinna Linnagaleriis, kerjuste piltidest Von Krahli teari akendel ja kerjuste kujutistega plakatitest reklaamtulpadel. Võrdluseks EKA graafikatudengi Elisabeth Salmini grafititest sõnumiga "Sa oled aus, tark ja seksikas".

Struktuur eri pikkusskaaladel = Structure on different length-scales / Salmaan Craig, Martin Melioranski

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Craig, Salmaan

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonnaõppejõu Martin Melioranski vestluskaaslane Salmaan Craig on Harvard Graduate School of Design külalislektor ja töötab ühtlasi arhitektuuribüroos Foster + Partners

Sadama ala planeering = Harbour area master plan / Ivan Sergejev, Helen Rebane, Karina Niinepuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sergejev, Ivan, 1987-

2010-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna IV kursuse 2009-2010 õppeaastal erialase projekteerimise raames kavandatud planeeringu eesmärgiks on tihendada Tallinna sadama ala ning arendada sellest välja mitmekesine ja efektiivne linnaruum

A contribution to the search for the element 114 in nature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McMinn, J.

1975-09-01

Starting from a lead ore having an age of 1.3 x 10 9 years, an already chemically pre-enriched material up to a factor of about 2 to 3 x 10 8 was available for the search of the element 114 based on the properties predicted for eka lead. A further physical enrichment was undertaken using the Juelich high performance electromagnetic isotope separator. The exposed target material (synthetic quartz glass plates)in the mass range 278 to 290 in the mass separator was irradiated with thermal neutrons and the fission tracks were counted under an optical microscope. The background due to fissionable impurities in the quartz ( -13 atoms per SiO 2 molecule) and that due to the use of the mass separator were studied in preliminary experiments. The possible escape of the presumably volatile element 114 from the fission track detectors during irradiation as a result of nuclear γ-heating was also investigated in simulation experiments. The diffusion behaviour of carrier-free 203 Hg implanted into quartz plates in the mass separator, as determined by a radiometric analysis, showed that the expected losses are negligible below 200 0 C. The counting results from the fission track detectors gave a maximum value of 5.1 x 10 -22 barns for the product of the fission cross section sigmasub(f) and the number of eka-lead atoms per lead carrier atom. In order to be able to make an estimate of the absolute concentration limits, the fission cross sections of eka-lead for thermal neutrons were approximated using an extrapolation method. Assuming these approximate fission cross sections, the absolute concentration limits of 8 x 10sup(-24), 3 x 10 -22 and 1 x 10 -19 share of eka-lead atoms per carrier atom were obtained for the isotopes 295, 297 and 298 (sigma = 70 barns, 2 barns and 4 gbarns). (orig./LH) [de

SISU sümpoosion Ruumimõju = The Impact of Space / Tüüne-Kristin Vaikla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaikla, Tüüne-Kristin, 1961-

2015-01-01

Eesti Sisearhitektide Liit koos EKA sisearhitektuuri osakonnaga korraldas 27.-30. mail Tallinnas rahvusvahelise sümpoosioni "Sisu. Ruumimõju / The Impact of Space, kus kohtusid sisearhitektuuri valdkonna tunnustatud teoreetikud ja praktikud üle maailma

EKA urbanistika osakond / Lilia del Rio

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rio, Lilia del

2006-01-01

Lilia del Rio magistritöö "Beyond the player's manual / Mänguõpetus edasijõudnutele. Experiencing the world (and the city) as a playground / Kogedes maailma (ja linna) mänguväljakuna". Juhendaja Andres Kurg

6.-15. X on EKA galeriis...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Keraamika eriala magistrantide näitus "Argilla neljale". Eksponeeritakse Reeli Haameri, Kadri Kivi, Annika Vilippuse ja Matthew Graziano magistriõppe meistriklassi raames valminud töid koos tehnikaid tutvustavate tekstidega

Assessment of 210Po in agricultural soils and marine sediments of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans of Guatemala

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia Vela, A.G.

1999-01-01

A radiochemical method consisting of 210 Polonium extraction was made to measure radioactivity in samples of soil and marine sediments of Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. The solution of polonium it was treated to obtain the deposition of the metal over a zinc disc and was measured by alpha espectrometry system based on Planar Ion Planted Silice (PIPS) system. The concern about cultivated soils its consuption products from sea and soil come from these sources. The results shows that activity of 210 Polonium in agricultural soils and marine sediments are below of ALI recommended by international standards

Environmental Assessment for Increased Depleted Uranium Use on Target 63-10, Nevada Test and Training Range

Science.gov (United States)

2006-09-01

min. β Bismuth-214 19.9 min. β Polonium -214 1.5 x 10-4 sec. α Lead- 210 22 years β Bismuth- 210 5 days β Polonium - 210 140 days α Lead-206 stable...Uranium-234 2.5 x 105 years α Thorium-230 7.7 x 104 years α Radium-226 1600 years α Radon-222 3.8235 days α Polonium -218 3.05 min. α Lead-214 26.8...the degraded areas where ordnance delivery occurs. This also applies to DU use. These areas do not provide food or habitat resources likely to

Determination of 210Pb and 210Po in water samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayranov, M.; Tosheva, Z.; Kies, A.

2004-01-01

Lead-210 and Polonium-210 are naturally occurring members of the Uranium-238 decay series. They could be found in various environmental samples, such as groundwater, fish and shellfish, contributing an important component of the human natural radiation background. For this reason the development of a fast, reproducible and sensitive method for determination of 210 Pb and 210 Po is of a great concern. The aims of our study were to adopt procedures for radiochemical separation of these radionuclides and radioanalytical methods for their determination. The combination of electrochemical deposition, co-precipitation and extraction chromatography gives the opportunity for fast and effective radiochemical separation of the analytes. Polonium was spontaneously plated on copper disk from the stock solution. Lead was co-precipitated with Fe(OH) 3 and further purified by extraction chromatography on Sr Spec columns. Alpha spectra of polonium were collected on Canberra PIPS detectors with 900 mm 2 active surface. The activities of lead were determined by LSC (Gardian Wallac Oy). The minimum detectable activities for sample size 1000 mL and chemical yield of 88 % for the polonium and 85 % for the lead are presented. The proposed method proved to be fast, accurate and reproducible for routine determination of lead and polonium in environmental water samples. (authors)

Community lab kunstihoones ja Arsenales / Harry Liivrand

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Liivrand, Harry, 1961-

2003-01-01

Taani kaasaegse kunsti näitus "Projekt" Tallinna Kunstihoones, kus osalevad EKA üliõpilased ja külalised Lätist. Kuraatorite Molly Nesbiti, Hans Ulrich Obristi ja Rirkrit Tiravanija projekt "Utopia Station" Veneetsia biennaalil

Väikeste asjade kunst - The Art of Small Things / Martin Pärn

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pärn, Martin, 1971-

2003-01-01

Uued liinid disainihariduses, EKA tootedisaini osakonna osalemine viie kooli vahelises SPARK!- programmis, tavalise disaini roll (Väikeste Asjade Tegemise Kunst). Kompaktsuse positiivne näide - 1859. a. Thonet' loodud tool nr. 14. Õnnestunud disain

Measurement of natural radionuclides in U.K. diet.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith-Briggs, J L; Bradley, E J

1984-05-01

The levels of radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210 in the U.K. diet have been determined. The important food groups contributing to the intake of these radionuclides have been identified. Seventy-five percent of the daily intake of radium-226 is derived from beverages, cereals, other vegetables, bread, sugars and preserves. Seventy-five percent of the intake of lead-210 and polonium-210 is derived from bread, milk, cereals, beverages, other vegetables, sugars and preserves, and meat products. The average daily intakes of these radionuclides are tentatively calculated to be 30 mBq for radium-226 and 82 mBq for both lead-210 and polonium-210. These levels are compared with data from other countries. The annual effective dose equivalents resulting from the intakes are approximately 3 muSv for radium-226 and 54 muSv from lead-210 and polonium-210 together. The differences between these doses and other current estimates are discussed.

Uranium, radon-222 and polonium-210 in drinking waters from metropolitan area of Recife, PE, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Cleomacio Miguel da

2000-04-01

There is only scarce information on the presence of radionuclides in water for public consumption in Brazil. A recently issued federal regulation requires that waters from public supplies be screened to determine their content of alpha and beta emitters. In order to comply with this requirement the present work was carried out with the purpose of determining the concentration of natural uranium, 222 Rn and 210 Po in water supplies in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil. The analyses were performed in 17 points of supply of superficial water and 94 points of groundwater supply. The concentrations of uranium were determined by the fluorimetric method, whereas the liquid scintillation method was used to determine the concentration of 222 Rn. Polonium-210, on the other hand, was determined by alpha spectrometry, following its spontaneous deposition on copper disks. The water analyzer presented uranium concentrations varying from 35.3 to 1146.5 mBq/L for superficial resources and from 20.2 to 919.15 mBq/L for underground sources. The concentration of uranium in superficial water showed significant correlation with some parameters such as conductivity, alkalinity and total hardness, as well as, with the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cl, K, SO 4 and Mn. No correlation, however, was shown with the concentrations of Fe, NO 2 and NO 3 . The concentrations of 222 Rn varied from 5.3 to 83.7 Bq/L in the groundwater analyzer. Radon concentration was not measured in superficial water due to the high emanation rate of radon in open air conditions. As far as 210 Po is concerned, the analyses showed concentrations ranging from 210 Po did not show and correlation with physico-chemical parameters. The average concentrations of uranium and 210 Po in superficial water were of 44.7 mBq/L, respectively. These values correspond to effective doses of 5.8 x 10 -4 mSv/yr and 4.5 x 10 -2 mSv/yr, for uranium and 210 Po, respectively. The average values for the concentrations of uranium, 222

Tudengipreemia 2012 = Student award 2012

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2013-01-01

Eesti Sisearhitektide Liidu 2012. aasta tudengipreemia pälvis Eesti Kunstiakadeemia sisearhitektuuri ja mööblidisaini üliõpilane Ivo Rannaste. EKA professor, sisearhitektuuri ja mööblidisaini osakonna juhataja Toivo Raidmets Ivo Rannastest

Eesti noordisainerid rahvusvahelises koguteoses

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2000-01-01

"Graphise" koguteoses "New Talent Design Annual 2000" on esindatud Eesti Kunstiakadeemia graafilise disaini üliõpilased (nüüdseks EKA lõpetanud) Taavi Torim (illustratsioon) ja Maris Lindoja (kaks postmargikavandit). Juhendajaks oli Jüri Hain

JPRS Report, Proliferation Issues

Science.gov (United States)

1993-03-22

delivering abroad polonium sources (with experimental physics. polonium - 210 radioisotopes) for several decades now. They are mostly used in space...34sensations"-from attempts to steal pre- gorod a short while ago. It claimed that the load con- cious and rare-earth metals to food stocks which have

V poiskah garmonii / Rafael Danieljants ; interv. Tamara Unanova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Danieljants, Rafael

2000-01-01

Armeenia päritolu skulptor Rafael Danieljants (EKA, 1984) oma töödest, õpetajatööst Maardu kunstikoolis jm. Viimane tema tööde näitus oli Armeenia kultuurikeskuses Tallinnas : eksponeeriti armeeniateemalisi skulptuure

Rohelised koridorid: kanal = Green corridors: canal / Kristel Niisuke

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Niisuke, Kristel

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud töö keskseks ruumiliseks ideeks on Admiraliteedi basseini põhjakülge merega ühendav kanal ja selle kõrval kulgev promenaad

Aed: kaldapealne = Garden: the waterfront / Eva Kedelauk, Maie Raud

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kedelauk, Eva

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise osakonna III kursuse 2009-2012 aastail erialase projekteerimise raames loodud lahendus, kus Admiraliteedi basseini kaldal kulgeva promenaadi linna suunas deformeerumine loob raekoja ja projekt pakub välja linnaehitusliku tiheduse jätkamise

Polonium-210 and lead-210 in the Southern Polar Ocean: Naturally occurring tracers of biological and hydrographical processes in the surface waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea; Polonium-210 und Blei-210 im Suedpolarmeer: Natuerliche Tracer fuer biologische und hydrographische Prozesse im Oberflaechenwasser des Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstroms und des Weddellmeeres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedrich, J.

1997-11-01

In this thesis the distribution of {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb in the upper 600 m of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea was investigated along north-south transects in austral spring and autumn. {sup 210}Po and {sup 210}Pb can serve as sensitive tracers for the special hydrographic conditions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea as well as for biological processes during phytoplankton blooms. The {sup 210}Po/{sup 210}Pb disequilibrium was used as a tracer for particle export. This tracer integrates export on a timescale of 276 days because of the 138 day half-life of {sup 210}Po and complements the {sup 234}Th/{sup 238}U disequilibrium as another tracer for plankton production and export on a shorter timescale of several weeks. (orig.) [Deutsch] In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Verteilung von Blei-210 und seinem Enkelnuklid Polonium-210 im Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstrom und im Weddellmeer bis 600 m Tiefe in mehreren meridionalen Transekten im australen Fruehjahr und Herbst waehrend der `Polarstern`-Expeditionen ANT-X/6 und ANT-XI/4 untersucht. Die Verteilung von {sup 210}Pb und {sup 210}Po wird von mehreren Faktoren beeinflusst, sowohl durch die Advektion von Wassermassen im Antarktischen Zirkumpolarstrom und im Weddellmeer als auch von biologischen Prozessen z.B. innerhalb einer Planktonbluete. Bevor die Verteilungsmuster von {sup 210}Pb und {sup 210}Po jedoch als Tracer fuer einen Prozess genutzt werden koennen, muss der Effekt der einzelnen Faktoren auf die Verteilung betrachtet werden. (orig.)

Rae planeering: Rae talu / Eerika Alev

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Alev, Eerika

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise IV kursuse üliõpilaste 2011- 2012 õppeaastal loodud Rae küla planeeringus on aktivaatori roll talul, mis pakub tööd ja elukohta nii peredele kui hooaja töölistele.

Rae planeering: 2x Rae / Eerika Alev, Kaisa Lillemets, Siim Tiisvelt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Alev, Eerika

2013-01-01

EKA arhitektuuri ja linnaplaneerimise IV kursuse üliõpilaste 2011- 2012 õppeaastal loodud planeeringu eesmärk oli säilitada Rae küla senine valglinnastunud struktuur ja panna see toimima ka tõelise külana.

Ehitusmaailma stipendiumid / Triin Ojari

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojari, Triin, 1974-

2001-01-01

Ehitusmaailma kaupluseketi omanik AS "Fanaal" jagas kolmandat korda välja stipendiumid ehitus-, arhitektuuri- ja restaureerimisala üliõpilastele. Stipendiumi said: Mati Raal (EKA), Andrus Räämet, Eero Tuhkanen (TTÜ), Priit Lõhmus, Mauro Ilves, Maidu Saar (EPÜ)

F(akt)

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2009-01-01

EKA tudengite Johannes Säre, Taaniel Raudsepa, Karel Koplimetsa, Sigrid Viiru fotode näitus Eesti Kunstiakadeemia galeriis 14.01.-23.01.2009. Juhendaja Tanja Muravskaja. Näitusel eksponeeritud töödest, nende valmimisest vestlevad fotode autorid

Meedialabor Tallinnas / Sirje Helme

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Helme, Sirje, 1949-

2001-01-01

KKEK aastanäitus "Interstanding 4" alapealkirjaga "end repeat" Rotermanni soolalaos. "Interstanding" on valminud koostöös EKA-ga Ando Keskküla initsiatiivil. "Interstanding 4" programmi "end repeat" autor Mare Tralla. Medialabist. Konverentsi kava lk. 21.

Vaikus moefotograafias / Kristina Paju

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paju, Kristina

2007-01-01

EKA moemagistrandi Kristina Paju ja fotograafide Anna-Stina Treumundi ning Kaisa Eiche näitusest "Vaikus moefotograafias", mille eesmärgiks on kirjeldada võimalusi, millised võiksid olla vaikuse eri aspektid, ka moefotograafias, toetudes Jean Baudrillardi teooriale

24. V avati Vaalas...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Rumeenia kunstniku Calin Dani näitus "Emotional architecture 2. Lost in transition", mis põhineb postsotsialistlike linnade Bukaresti ja Tallinna võrdlusel, esitleb kunstniku veel protsessis olevat tööd, milles osalesid ka EKA üliõpilased

Kunstiakadeemia disainikonverents

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

8.-10. V Rotermanni soolalaos ja Eesti Kunstiakadeemias rahvusvaheline disainikonverents "VALID : VALue in Design", mille korraldab EKA koostöös rahvusvahelise kunsti-, disaini- ja arhitektuurikõrgkoolide assotsiatsiooniga CUMULUS. Peaesinejad Diana Crane, Natasha Vita-More (USA), Carlo Vezzoli (Itaalia)

Abstracts of Papers Submitted in 1978 for Publication,

Science.gov (United States)

1978-01-01

210 and Polonium - 210 as Marine...34.." . .." . .• . ’... . .. X. . ’-"..’-..- . - .>I-.A7.’ -~. .-.. .. . .< .- , ,.. . -’ ~ ~ \\ - & . .x. \\ , ,, .. . . . ... . .. . C-22 i- LEAD- 210 AND POLONIUM - 210 AS...Herbivore Food Preference B-13 Mary E. Nicotri High Benzo(a)pyrene Hydroxylase Activity in the Marine Teleost Fish Stenotomus versicotor . . .

Westwoodi lakk-king Tallinnas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Tallinna Kunstihoone galeriis ja Linnagaleriis briti moekunstnike aksessuaaride - peakatted, jalanõud, kotid - näitus "Satellites of Fashion", mis avati Jaanus Orgusaare rõiva- ja aksessuaari-showga. Mai algul viib nahkaksessuaaride disainer Paul Thomas läbi seminarid ja workshopid EKAs

Kunstnikuks pürgija vajab paari õigeaegset impulssi / Kaido Ole, Eva Unt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ole, Kaido

2006-01-01

Antonia Claudio Carvalho meistriklass "Ava oma silmad/Open Your Eyes" 23.-27. I ja näitus 27. I-9. II Eesti Kunstiakadeemia galeriis. Meistriklassist vestlesid EKA maaliosakonna juhataja Kaido Ole ja maalieriala III kursuse üliõpilane Eva Unt

Maastikuarhitektuuri koolitusest Eesti Kunstiakadeemias = Schooling in Landscape Architecture at the Estonian Academy of Art / Katrin Koov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Koov, Katrin, 1973-

2003-01-01

Maastikukool tegutseb EKA arhitektuuriosakonna juures neljandat hooaega. Seni oli tegemist valikkursusega, 2003/2004. õppeaastast on see lülitatud arhitektuuriüliõpilaste põhiõppesse. Maastikukooli eesmärgist ja plaanidest, ülevaade aastatel 2000-2003 toimunud maastikukoolidest. 6 ill

Jiri Shibori konstruktivistlik kujundimaailm / Eilve Manglus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Manglus, Eilve, 1977-

2004-01-01

Metallide tehnoloogiat õppinud Jiri Shibori näitus "Ehtekunsti ja skulptuuri vahel" Deco galeriis kuni 10. IV. Personaalnäitus toimub EKA ehte- ja sepakunsti osakonna kutsel, et viia läbi külmkinnituslike konstruktsioonidega metallitöö workshop

Kõrgkoolidesse saab astuda internetis / Tarmu Kurm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kurm, Tarmu

2006-01-01

Sel aastal kasutavad ühist sisseastumise infosüsteemi SAIS Audentese Ülikool, EBS, Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, TLÜ, Eesti Infotehnoloogia Kolledž, TTÜ, EKA, Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool, TÜ, EMÜ, Tallinna Tervishoiu Kõrgkool ja Eesti-Ameerika Äriakadeemia

The Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site: Through My Own Eyes

Science.gov (United States)

2014-07-01

compounds as strontium-90, zirconium-95, cesium-137, carbon-14, plutonium-239, polonium - 210 , and lead- 210 . Plutonium and lead (sic) have not been studied as...times greater than in the population in Europe. This means that the sheep and the kangaroo feed on plants which are filled with lead- 210 and polonium ...9 2.3 POISONED FOOD

Prantslased otsisid eestlaste juurest virmalisi / Henry Schmidt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Schmidt, Henry

2002-01-01

XI Põhjamaade kultuurifestival "Les Boréales" Prantsusmaal Caenis kutsus peakülaliseks Eesti. Eesti kunsti esindanud Raivo Kelomees Tartu Kõrgema Kunstikooli ja Jaan Toomik EKA üliõpilastega näitasid oma videokunsti, Liina Siibi näitus oli Alam-Normandia kunstikeskuses

Hulgi asju, mis asja? / Anneli Porri, Triin Männik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Porri, Anneli, 1980-

2003-01-01

Briti seeriadisaini näitus "Multiplication" Tallinna raekojas 10. I-16. II. Mitmiklus kunstis.12. II pidas John Frankland loengu EKAs, 13. II osales Tallinna Kunstihoones diskussioonis briti 1990ndate kunsti üle, 14. II viis läbi workshopi Tallinna raekojas

7. I kell 18 avatakse Pärnu Muuseumi Aidas...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Urmas Viigi juhendatud EKA graafikaüliõpilaste tööde näitus, toimuvad ka Pink Pungi, Ernest Truely, Lexxxa, Ville-Karel Viirelaiu, Egle Veske, Remo Randveri, Toomas Kuusingu, Meeland Sepa, Sorge, Sirami (Mari Kartau), Billeneeve, Tanel Saare performance'id

Avastatud klaas / Kai Lobjakas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lobjakas, Kai, 1975-

2006-01-01

Euroopa kõrgkoolide klaasieriala üliõpilaste tööde näitus "Discovery / Avastusretk" Kullo galeriis kuni 19. V. Rahvusvahelise ürituse korraldajaks oli EKA klaasikunsti osakond eesotsas Mare Saare ja Tiina Sarapuga. Pikemalt Ave Maseri tööst "Maandumine"

Viru tunnel saab uue ilme urbanistliku grafiti abil / Ilmar Kahro

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kahro, Ilmar

2011-01-01

MTÜ Linnalabor koostöös Tallinn 2011 SA-ga viis läbi Tallinnas Gonsiori ja Laikmaa tänava ristmiku all paikneva Viru tunneli kujunduskonkursi "Viru tunnel kunstigaleriiks". EKA skulptuuri eriala tudengi Eldar Jakubovi võidutööst "Avame linna"

Disain+juhtimine : disainjuhtimise peaauhind Eestisse / Triin Ojari

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojari, Triin, 1974-

2012-01-01

Ühe 2012. a. Euroopa disainjuhtimise auhinna DME peaauhindadest sai Tallinna Transpordiameti uuendusprotsess kommunikatsiooni ja teenuse parandamiseks. Võidu taga on EKA tudengid Kristi Rummel, Brit Pavelson, Norman Orro ja Ronald Pihlapson, kes tegid seda alguses graafilise disaini osakonna 3. kursuse semestritööna

Teekann - keraamiku proovikivi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2001-01-01

Tallinna Linnagaleriis teekannude näitus "Time for Tea", mis annab ülevaate originaal- (Bernard Leachi koolkonna keraamikute tööd jm.) ja tööstusliku keraamika arengust Suurbritannias 20. sajandil. Kaasaegset keraamikat esindava Kate Malone'i workshop EKA keraamikaosakonnas 16.-19. IV.

Piero Castiglioni - praktilise ilu looja / Karin Paulus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paulus, Karin, 1975-

2005-01-01

Itaalia disaineritest Castiglioni'dest, pikemalt Piero Castiglionist (sünd. 1944), kes külastas 2005. aasta märtsis Eestit. Loetletud tema tähtsamad tööd. Kommenteerivad sisearhitekt Hannes Praks, sisearhitekt Juta Lember, valgusdisainer Tarmo Luisk ja EKA professor Toivo Raidmets

Nahast väljunud V.A.V.A. / Lii Pihl

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pihl, Lii

2003-01-01

EKA nahakunsti eriala üliõpilastest ja vilistlastest koosneva rühmituse V.A.V.A. (välja arvatud ja väga austatud) installatsiooninäitus "Nihe" (alapealkiri "21. sajandi köiteväljund") Kuressaare linnuses kuni 14. IX. Kuraator Reet Viira

Kõrgkoolidesse saab astuda Internetis / Liivia Mahlapuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mahlapuu, Liivia

2006-01-01

Käesoleval aastal kasutavad veebipõhist infosüsteemi SAIS tudengite vastuvõtmisel Audentese Ülikool, EBS, Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, TLÜ, Eesti Infotehnoloogia Kolledž, TTÜ, EKA, Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool, TÜ, EMÜ, Tallinna Tervishoiu Kõrgkool ja Eesti-Ameerika Äriakadeemia

Täna kell 20 esitletakse EKA galerii...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Esitletakse norra kunstnike (loetletud) videosid "Darling, don't leave me all by myself". Korraldaja Bergeni kuraatoriduo Rakett (Asa Lövgren, Karolin Tampere). 4. IV näeb Tallinna projekti Von Krahli teatris

15. XI kell 17 avatakse EKA galeriis...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Näitus "ERKI moe-show" 10 aastat", mille koostasid Karolin Kuusik, Gerli Liivamägi, Kristina Paju, Külli-Kerttu Siplane ja Agne Talu. Eksponeeritakse ka Jaanus Orgusaare, Vassilissa, Aldo Järvsoo ning Hula noortekollektsiooni esinemiste meeldejäävamaid hetki. 20. XI kinos Kosmos ERKI moeetendus "Go". Lavastuse autorid Taavet Jansen ja Oksana Titova, kunstiline juht Ain Nurmela, videokunstnik Taavi Warm, graafiline kujundus Martin Eelmalt, helikujundus Remi Prualilt

Radioactivity Content in Phosphoric Acid Used for Fertilizer Production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibrahiem, N.M.; Hamed, A.A.

2003-01-01

Uranium content in phosphoric acid used fertilizer production was measured by alpha spectrometry, laser fluorimetry high resolution gamma spectrometry. Also, polonium-210 content was determined in phosphoric acid by alpha spectrometry. Uranium-234 and uranium-238 concentrations, measured by alpha spectroscopy, were found to be 601 and 507 Bq I -1 , respectively. Total uranium content obtained by laser fluorimetry was about 545 BqI - (45.4ppm). Gamma spectroscopy analysis gave the concentrations of 40 K, 238 U, 235 U, 214 Pb, 214 Bi and 208 TI, as 17,644,19.5, 1.2,1.3 and 9.4 Bq I -1 , respectively. Polonium-210 concentration was found to be about 3.1 Bq I -1 . Uranium-232 and polonium-208 were used as yield tracers, for alpha measurements of uranium and polonium, respectively. Samples of the tri-super phosphate (TSP) and single-super phosphate (SSP) fertilizers and the phosphogypsum produced were also analyzed by gamma spectroscopy. Uranium content in both phosphate fertilizers was 3205 and 1440 Bq Kg -1 for 238 U and 83 and 35 Bq Kg -1 for, 235 U respectively

9. VI avati Deco galeriis...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

EKA graafikaosakonna magistrandi Anna Arho magistritööd tutvustav näitus "Still Life with Mothers and Daughters". A. Arho kaitses samas oma magistritöö, mille teooriaosas "Külalisena Graafikamaal" on vaatluse alla võetud eesti ja soome vabagraafika tänapäev

Nukufilm, mis pani kihama kogu Soome / Tiit Tuumalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tuumalu, Tiit, 1971-

2008-01-01

Nukufilm "Uurali liblikas" (peategelaseks marssal Mannerheim) : režissöör Katariina Lillqvist : Soome 2008. Filmi esitleb Tallinnas K. Lillqvist uuel sariüritusel Animateek, mille taga seisavad festival Animated Dreams, EKA ja Kumu auditoorium. Lisatud andmed režissööri ja Animateegi kohta

Materjalid muudavad maailma = Materials change the world / Jaak Kikas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kikas, Jaak

2005-01-01

Jaak Kikas TÜ materjaliteaduse instituudist mõnedest olulistest tendentsidest ja suundumustest uute materjalide otsingutel ning nendega kaasnevatest probleemidest. Materjaliteaduse artikli kommentaariks tutvustavad Kalle Komissarov (intervjueerija) ja Martin Pärn EKA disaini- ja tekstiilikateedri projekti "Arukate toodete disain - tuleviku eriala", millele saadi toetust SA Innove europrojektide raames

Kuni 24. XII on Y-galerii P- ja T-saalis vaadata näitus "Võõras mure"...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Näitusel "Võõras mure" on väljas EKA avatud akadeemia lõpetanud kunstnike Anniki Kari, Ellen-Reet Türi ja Ulvi Kuldkepi maalid. A- ja E-saalis avatud Lauri Pajose näitusel "Tonal" näeb suuremõõtmelisi sürreaalabstraktseid maale

USSR Report, Chemistry

Science.gov (United States)

1985-08-16

of the thermal interaction of polonium - 210 with palladium and iridium. The vacuum-thermal method of direct synthesis was used, a study of the... Polonium -Palladium, Iridium Systems (A. S. Abakumov, M. L. Malyshev, et al.; RADIOKHIMIYA, No 2, Mar-Apr 85) 82 Migration of Radioactive and...and energy complex, machine building, light and food industry, agriculture, transportation, and the production of household articles. Working to meet

Chemical experiments with superheavy elements.

Science.gov (United States)

Türler, Andreas

2010-01-01

Unnoticed by many chemists, the Periodic Table of the Elements has been extended significantly in the last couple of years and the 7th period has very recently been completed with eka-Rn (element 118) currently being the heaviest element whose synthesis has been reported. These 'superheavy' elements (also called transactinides with atomic number > or = 104 (Rf)) have been artificially synthesized in fusion reactions at accelerators in minute quantities of a few single atoms. In addition, all isotopes of the transactinide elements are radioactive and decay with rather short half-lives. Nevertheless, it has been possible in some cases to investigate experimentally chemical properties of transactinide elements and even synthesize simple compounds. The experimental investigation of superheavy elements is especially intriguing, since theoretical calculations predict significant deviations from periodic trends due to the influence of strong relativistic effects. In this contribution first experiments with hassium (Hs, atomic number 108), copernicium (Cn, atomic number 112) and element 114 (eka-Pb) are reviewed.

Radioactivity of tobacco

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nashawati, A.; Al-Dalal, Z.; Al-Akel, B.; Al-Masri, M. S.

2002-04-01

This report shows the results of studies related to radioactivity in tobacco and its pathways to human being. Tobacco contains high concentrations of natural radioactive materials especially polonium 210 and lead 210, which may reach a value of 27 mBq/g. The amount of polonium 210 in tobacco is related to the concentration of radon (the main source of polonium 210 in the agricultural areas) in addition to the over use of phosphate fertilizers for tobacco plantation. Radioactive materials present in tobacco enter the human body through smoking where 210 Po concentrates in the Alveolar lung; this may cause health risks including lung cancer. In addition, radiation doses due to smoking have been reported and some results of the studies carried out for radioactivity in tobacco at the Syrian Atomic Energy Commission. (author)

Narva-teemaline magistritöö Pariisis / Merike Trubert

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Trubert, Merike

2002-01-01

27. XI kaitsesid prantsuse arhitektuuriüliõpilased David Trubert ja Guillaume Blanchard (1999-2001 vahetusüliõpilased EKAs) Pariisi arhitektuurikoolis (Ecole d'Architecture de Paris Val-de-Seine) Narva linnaplaneeringut käsitleva magistritöö "Narva. Urban planning for social approach". Kaitsmiskomisjoni juhataja Mart Kalm

Urmo Raus : "Maalimine on mäluline protsess" / Urmo Raus ; interv. Reet Varblane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raus, Urmo, 1969-

2003-01-01

Tallinna Kunstihoones Urmo Rausi maalinäituse avamise puhul intervjuu kunstnikuga, kes on õppinud Eesti Kunstiakadeemias, Pariisi Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts'is, on teinud näitusi Prantsusmaal, Itaalias, Venemaal, Eestis, elab Haagis. U. Raus kunstiõpetusest Pariisis ja EKA maaliosakonnas, kaasaegsest vitraažikunstist, oma maalikunstist

Tagasiviitavad tõendid: teine pilk pilditeadusele / Beat Wyss ; intervjueerinud Ivar-Kristjan Hein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Wyss, Beat, 1947-

2011-01-01

Intervjuus Karlsruhe kunsti- ja disainiülikooli kunstiajaloo ja meediateooria professori Beat Wyssiga on teemaks Zürichis tema juhitav uurimisprojekt, mille keskmes on Venezia biennaal Ida-Euroopa riikide positsioonilt, tema EKA Kunstiteaduse Instituudi doktorantidele peetud seminar "Tagasiviitavad tõendid. Teine pilk pilditeadusele", tema kaasaegse kunsti universaalsed põhimõtted

Lineaarse kunstiajaloo aeg on otsas / Edit András ; intervjueerinud R[eet] V[arblane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

András, Edit

2010-01-01

Vestlus ungari kunstiteoreetiku- ja ajaloolase Edit Andrásiga, kes osales Tallinnas USA Clarki instituudi ja EKA Kunstiteaduste Instituudi seminaril, kus arutati Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopa kunstiajaloo kirjutamisviiside üle. Seminari tekkimisest, kokkusaamise põhjustest, seminari järeldustest, Eesti ja Ungari kunstiajaloo kirjutamise erinevatest põhimõtetest jm.

Water-sediment distribution and behaviour of Polonium ("2"1"0Po) in a shallow coastal area with high concentration of dissolved organic matters in water, North Vietnam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tran Thi Van; Nguyen Duc Tam; Dang Duc Nhan; Nguyen Quang Long; Duong Van Thang; Bui Duy Cam

2016-01-01

The behaviour and water-sediment distribution of particle-reactive Polonium-210 in the marine environment with high concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) and dissolved organic matters (DOC) along the coast of the Tonkin Gulf (North Vietnam) were investigated. It was revealed that the water-sediment distribution coefficient, K_d(s), of "2"1"0Po varied from 2.39x10"3 to 1.9x10"4 (L kg"-"1) and from 7x10"3 to 2.5x10"5 (L kg"-"1), respectively, in the rainy and dry season. This implies that in the aquatic environment "2"1"0Po tends to be of high affinity to suspended particulates. The "2"1"0Po K_d(s) was positively correlated with salinity in both rainy and dry seasons. With DOC the K_d(s) was positively correlated in the rainy season, but in the dry season the relationship tended to be reverse. This behaviour of "2"1"0Po in the coastal region was explained by the variation of pH of seawater and by the complexation of the isotope with DOC. The K_d(s) found in this study was in an order lower compared to that reported by Malaysian researchers for the Thailand Gulf. The most important source of "2"1"0Po was suggested to be from in-situ generation by the decay of its grand-parent "2"1"0Pb which mainly derived from the atmospheric fall-out. (author)

Current Research Activities.

Science.gov (United States)

1975-02-01

and PoZonium- 210 Investigations of lead- 210 and polonium - 210 in sediments offshore of the 4 Columbia River are under way, with the dual aims of...Geochemical bepb’~for of mercury in Bellingham Bay .. .. ....... 45IiD Lead-ZlO. and polonium -ZlO. .. ............... ..... 46 E. Hydrocarbons in Lake...Biological oceanography, marine food chain dynamics, carbon cycling in the ocean. Martin, Seelye,Ph.D., Johns Hopkins. Geophysical fluid dynamics

Release of radium and other decay-series isotopes from Florida phosphate rock. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burnett, W.C.; Chin, P.; Deetae, S.; Panik, P.

1988-01-01

The purpose of this research was to determine the conditions under which uranium decay-series isotopes are released from phosphate rock into the environment. Particular attention was given to the behavior of radium, radon, and polonium. The emphasis was justified because of several documented cases citing elevated concentrations of these radioelements occurring in Florida ground waters. When it became clear that polonium was occasionally present at exceedingly high concentrations in shallow ground waters, the scope of the project was expanded to include a study of the distribution of Po-210 in the surficial aquifer of west central Florida. Studies of a series of phosphate rock samples representing various degrees of chemical weathering show that almost all uranium-series radionuclides display higher activities in weathered samples compared to fresh material. Most samples display a Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio less than secular equilibrium because of Rn-222 leakage. An unexpected result was the deficiency of Po-210, relative to Pb-210 in several samples. This implies that polonium, under certain conditions, may be more mobile than lead. Many wells in central Florida contain high concentrations of Po-210. Characteristics which high-polonium groundwaters have in common include low pH, presence of sulfide, and at least moderately high radon

27. V kell 16 avatakse Niguliste kirikus...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

EKA interdistsiplinaarsete kunstide eriala magistritööde näitus "Nagu aamen kirikus". Eksponeeritud Kristin Kalamehe lühimängufilm "Igavene tuli", Mirja-Mari Smidti video ja maaliseeria "Kaaluta olek", Allan Tõnissoo videoskulptuur "Kristus", Avangardi (Sandra Jõgeva, Margus Tamm) fotoseeria ja video "Sõda ja rahu". Avamisel Avangardi performance

Taani-Eesti disaini ühisprojekt / Toivo Raidmets, Morten Lund

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raidmets, Toivo, 1955-

1998-01-01

14.-25. sept.-ni Tallinnas näituse "Elava disaini dialoog" raames EKA sisearhitektuuri osakonna ja Taani Disaini Kooli üliõpilaste workshop Tallinna Vineeri- ja Mööblikombinaadis. Valminud töid eksponeeritakse 25.-29. sept.-ni EestiKunstiakadeemia galeriis. Näitus ja workshop kuuluvad Taani Kultuuriinstituudi programmi "Baltimaade naasmine".

Journal of Special Operations Medicine. Training Supplement: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures, Volume 8 Edition 4, Fall 2008

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

Anthrax, or Polonium 210 . Incidental events such as the postal letter to Senator Daschle that occurred in Washington, D.C. in October 2001 and the use of... Polonium 210 against Alexander Litvinenko in November 2006 show the potential of future insurgents’ willingness to conduct mass killings. The...authors as well (Navein et al., 2003). Hemostatic Agents No hemostatic agents had been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and proven to

Journal of Special Operations Medicine. Training Supplement to Fall 2008. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

suicide attacks may include the use of Sarin gas, Anthrax, or Polonium 210 . Incidental events such as the postal letter to Senator Daschle that...occurred in Washington, D.C. in October 2001 and the use of Polonium 210 against Alexander Litvinenko in November 2006 show the potential of future...the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and proven to be effective in stopping life-threatening hemorrhage at the time of the publication of the

Värske kunsti paraad / Karin Laansoo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laansoo, Karin, 1976-

2003-01-01

30. V-8. VI Rotermanni soolalaos näitus "Eesti Kunstiakadeemia lõputööd 2003", mille on kujundanud Oliver Soomets ja Kaiko Kivi. Trükised on kujundanud Maya Zerebtsova. 6. VI moeetendus. Academia Grata lõpetajate teoseid esitletakse Pärnus, meediagraafika lõputöid kaitstakse 11. VI EKA aulas

On reaction of titanium polonides with carbon dioxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abakumov, A.S.; Malyshev, M.L.; Reznikova, N.F.

1986-01-01

The reaction between titanium polonides and carbon dioxide has been studied by comparing titanium polonide thermal resistance in vacuum and in carbon dioxide. The investigation has shown that titanium mono- and semipolonides fail at temperatures below 350 deg C. Temperature dependence of polonium vapor pressure prepared at failure of the given polonides is determined by the radiotensiometry in carbon dioxide. Enthalpy calculated for this dependence is close to the enthalpy of elementary polonium evaporation in vacuum

Radioactivity and Environmental Security in the Oceans: New Research and Policy Priorities in the Arctic and North Atlantic

Science.gov (United States)

1993-06-09

combined with pictures of fishing activities and further a dish I with fish with a question-mark of the edibility of the food are not 210 1...alpha and beta activity. In addition, individual analyses were conducted for lead- 210 , polonium - 210 , strontium-90, I and radium-226, as well as for...as radium-226, lead- 210 , polonium - 210 , and potassium-40. The cosmogenic nuclides m include tritium and carbon-14. In the marine environment, the

Space Handbook,

Science.gov (United States)

1985-01-01

thle early life * of" the system. Figure 4-2 shows the variation in power output for polonium - 210 (Po- 210 ) with a 138-day half-life, curium-242 (Cm...miles above the earth’s surface. Above this altitude they must take everything they need with them. The environment will supply them with neither food ...can move large payloads through space. The radioisotope heat cycle engines use high-energy particle sources such as plutonium and polonium . The walls

Who’s on First: Unraveling the Complexity of the United States’ Food and Agricultural Regulatory System in the Realm of Homeland Security

Science.gov (United States)

2009-12-01

a weapon in food and water. The case involved the radiological poisoning of former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko with Polonium 210 . An article... Polonium 210 an “extraordinary poison” that is lethal in doses so small “you can lose it on the point of a pin” (Jordan & Finn, 2006). Radiological agents...fundamentally new way” (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005, p. 210 ). What this implies in the movement toward a single food safety oversight system is that change

Joint Force Quarterly. Issue 48, 1st Quarter 2008

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

in a London hospital in November 2006 due to ingested alpha particles from Polonium 210 . Just the trace trail of Polonium 210 across the city and...geted and killed 210 Palestinians. An additional 128 civilian bystanders were also killed during these operations. See <www.btselem.org/English...When the baby boomers were children, they passed signs every day for fallout shelters and stocks of water and food to be used in the event of a

Safety aspects and safety measures for the refrigerants N{sub 3} and F-CFC and CFC; Sicherheitsaspekte/Sicherheitsmassnahmen fuer Kaeltemittel NH{sub 3} und FCKW/FKW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stuerchler, P. [GfG AG, Binz (Switzerland)

2001-09-01

Experts agree that ammonia is the best and most economical refrigerant for a number of applications, e.g. in skating rinks, the food industry, chemical plants, etc. It has good thermodynamic properties and a low ozone-depleting potential, but it is also an aggressive and toxic substance. The potential hazard to humans and plants can be reduced, however, by early detection of leaks. There are different specifications in different European countries. In Switzerland, the EKAS regulations apply. [German] In der Kaelteindustrie herrscht eine Uebereinstimmung, dass fuer eine Vielzahl von Anlagen, z.B. Eissportanlagen, Lebensmittelbetriebe, Chemieanlagen u.v.m., Ammoniak als das beste und wirtschaftlichste Kaeltemittel betrachtet wird. Die guten thermodynamischen Eigenschaften und das geringe Ozonabbaupotential haben Ammoniak zum wichtigsten Kaeltemittel in mittleren und Grossanlagen gemacht. Die aggressive und giftige Chemikalie Ammoniak birgt jedoch ein nicht zu unterschaetzendes Gefahrenpotential fuer Mensch und Anlage. Diese Gefahr kann weitestgehend eingedaemmt werden. Eine fruehe und zuverlaessige Erkennung von Leckagen minimiert deren Auswirkungen und Schaeden. Die Vorschriften hierzu sind laenderspezifisch in den Verordnungen und Richtlinien festgelegt. Fuer die Schweiz gelten die Richtlinien der EKAS. (orig.)

An assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crick, M.J.; Linsley, G.S.

1983-09-01

The assessment described has involved a review of previously unpublished data, in order to establish the quantities of nuclides released from materials undergoing irradiation in the pile at the time of the fire. Of these additional nuclides, only polonium-210 has been shown to make a significant contribution to the estimate of the collective effective dose equivalent to the population from the Windscale fire. The previous estimate of 1.2 x 10 3 man Sv for the collective effective dose equivalent commitment to the population of the UK and Northern Europe has been increased by 67% to 2.0 x 10 3 man Sv. This change is within the range of uncertainty of the original estimate. The influence of the addition on the theoretical estimate of the upper limit of possible health effects is discussed in this addendum and its foreword. With the inclusion of the additional nuclides, the inhalation pathway has become the overall largest contributor to this population dose, followed by the milk ingestion pathway; the largest nuclide contribution comes from iodine-131, followed by polonium-210. Some perspective may be provided on the contribution due to polonium-210 by noting that it is approximately one-tenth of that arising annually due to naturally occurring polonium-210, and less than one-hundredth of that due annually to the total natural background radiation. (author)

Assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale reactor fire, October 1957. Addendum to report NRPB R135

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crick, M J; Linsley, G S

1983-01-01

The assessment described has involved a review of previously unpublished data, in order to establish the quantities of nuclides released from materials undergoing irradiation in the pile at the time of the fire. Of these additional nuclides, only polonium-210 has been shown to make a significant contribution to the estimate of the collective effective dose equivalent to the population from the Windscale fire. The previous estimate of 1.2 x 10/sup 3/ man Sv for the collective effective dose equivalent commitment to the population of the UK and Northern Europe has been increased by 67% to 2.0 x 10/sup 3/ man Sv. This change is within the range of uncertainty of the original estimate. The influence of the addition on the theoretical estimate of the upper limit of possible health effects is discussed in this addendum and its foreword. With the inclusion of the additional nuclides, the inhalation pathway has become the overall largest contributor to this population dose, followed by the milk ingestion pathway; the largest nuclide contribution comes from iodine-131, followed by polonium-210. Some perspective may be provided on the contribution due to polonium-210 by noting that it is approximately one-tenth of that arising annually due to naturally occurring polonium-210, and less than one-hundredth of that due annually to the total natural background radiation.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Space.

Science.gov (United States)

1988-08-17

Half-life, years Specific Heat Release W/hr Plutonium-238 87.5 0.46 Curium-244 18.4 2.8 Curium-242 0.45 120 Polonium - 210 0.38 144 Polonium - 210 ...begun train- ing a year before the flight. The prospective space travelers had to be trained to stay in a special capsule and to use nozzles for food ...conditions of extended weight- lessness. On command, the animals are given food and water, waste is removed, and day/night conditions are regulated

Neutron-Activated Gamma-Emission: Technology Review

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

in Be9 + α  C12 + n and Be9 + α  3He4 + n. Chadwick (5) made use of the naturally occurring α-emitter polonium - 210 , which decays to lead-206 with...emission, the variation of gamma attenuation with distance and the presence of organic clutter (in food , fertilizer, dirt road, etc.) makes it 8...a neutron source by mixing a radioisotope that emits alpha particles, such as radium or polonium , with a low atomic weight isotope, usually in the

Casualty Estimation for Nuclear and Radiological Weapons

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-01

rate 2.69 d β Metal Polonium - 210 210Po Static eliminators 138 d α Metal foil Radium-226 226Ra Brachytherapy - low dose rate 1600 y α Salt...Promethium-147 153Gd Gadolinium-153 169Yb Ytterbium-169 170Tm Thulium-170 192Ir Iridium-192 210Po Polonium - 210 226Ra Radium-226 238Pu Plutonium-238...Brussels: NATO, in development). iv present in a large food irradiator facility, and constitutes about 34.5 kg of 137Cs. To illustrate alternative

Determination of the /sup 210/Po content in the urine of Filipino smokers and non-smokers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Juan, N.B.; Cruz, W.; Ballelos, E.; Bartolome, Z.M.

1975-01-01

The polonium content in the urine of Filipino smokers was compared with that of nonsmokers. The polonium was recovered from urine by centrifugation and deposition into silver discs. Quantitative results were obtained by counting the silver discs using a silicon surface-barrier detector. The average value obtained for smokers which was 0.5003 +- 0.2988 pCi/24 h sample was significantly higher than the value obtained for non-smokers which was 0.2313 +- 0.1664 pCi/24 h sample.

Ba-bah on tulnud / Liina Jänes

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jänes, Liina, 1977-

2005-01-01

Eesti noori disainereid-sisearhitekte ühendavast disainiagentuurist Ba-bah, selle eesmärgist. Agentuuri juhib Veiko Jääger. Mais 2005 Disaini- ja Arhitektuurigaleriis toimunud Ba-bahi avanäitusest, kus oli väljas töid EKA sisearhitektuuri, klaasi-, ehte- ja sepakunsti eriala üliõpilastelt ning metallmööbli valmistajalt Kalle Pruudenilt

Eilne, tänane ja homne ehtekunst Marzees / Eilve Manglus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Manglus, Eilve, 1977-

2004-01-01

Euroopa ehtekunstikoolide lõputööde väljapanek Marzee galeriis kuni 6. X. Kuraator Manuel Vilhena. Eestit esindanud Kertu Tubergi, Maarja Niinemäe ja Epp Perteli ning Bas Boumani, Jantine Bindelsi (Holland) ja Andrew Lambi (London) töödest. Marzee kollektsiooni kuuluvad EKA lõpetanud ehtekunstnike Villu Plingi, Piret Hirve ja Kristiina Lauritsa ehted

75 FR 15679 - Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-30

... S.A. India: Certain Preserved Mushrooms, A-533-813 2/1/09-1/31/10 Agro Dutch Foods Limited (Agro.../09-1/31/10 Indonesia: Certain Preserved Mushrooms, A-560-802 2/1/09-1/31/10 PT Eka Timur Raya (ETIRA... of China: Certain Preserved Mushrooms,\\6\\ A-570-851....... 2/1/09-1/31/10 Ayecue (Liaocheng...

offline@online / Rael Artel

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Artel, Rael, 1980-

1999-01-01

Raivo Kelomehe kureeritud offline@online meediakunsti festival alapealkirjaga "Media non grata" EKA küberkohvikus "Enter". Peamiselt Eesti ekspositsioonist. CD-ROMe esitlesid: R. Kelomees, M. Mäetamm, R. Keller, K. Sibul, I. Kivi, T. Lepik. M. Lillaku, J. Orgussaare, R. Kelleri, Pusa ja J. Bergi filmidest. Moskva Kaasaegse Kunsti Keskuse MediaArtLabi, M. Holboomi, G. Mülleri esinemisest

Tudengid tulid appi / Kaupo Kala ; kommenteerinud Heikki Zoova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kala, Kaupo

2010-01-01

Koristustarvikuid ja -vahendeid tootval ettevõttel KH Teh Production OÜ valmisid koostöös Eesti Kunstiakadeemia tootedisaini osakonnaga ettevõtte tootearendusprojekt, disaini juhtimise kava, uus pakendisüsteem, stiiliraamat, arendati uusi tooteid. Töörühma, kuhu kuulusid neli üliõpilast ja kaks firma töötajat, juhtis EKA tootedisaini osakonna juhataja Heikki Zoova

Biological effects of alpha radiation on a human population

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thorleifson, E.M.; Marro, L.; Tracy, B.L.; Wilkinson, D.; Segura, T.M.; Prud'homme-Lalonde, L.; Leach, K.; Ford, B.N.

2003-01-01

Full text: In the environment, natural and man-made sources of radioactive material can become integrated into the food chain. Polonium-210 is a significant source of radiation exposure to caribou and to northern human populations who are dependent on caribou for a major portion of their meat supply. Previous work has shown that humans consuming caribou meat containing measurable quantities of polonium-210 can incorporate a substantial fraction of the radionuclide (Thomas et. al.). Conventional chromosome aberration analysis of blood samples collected from 40 individuals who routinely consumed caribou meat was performed to measure genetic damage from the ingested radioactive material. At least 500 metaphase spreads were analysed for each of 39 individuals. Radiation-specific chromosomal aberrations such as dicentrics and rings were scored and their frequencies were compared to the range of aberrations observed in non-caribou consuming populations. This study was designed to address the possible impact of environmental polonium-210 on background radiation health effects in humans

Multi-quasiparticle excitation: Extending shape coexistence in A∼190 neutron-deficient nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi Yue; Liu, H. L.; Xu, F. R.; Walker, P. M.

2010-01-01

Multi-quasiparticle high-K states in neutron-deficient mercury, lead, and polonium isotopes have been investigated systematically by means of configuration-constrained potential-energy-surface calculations. An abundance of high-K states is predicted with both prolate and oblate shapes, which extends the shape coexistence of the mass region. Well-deformed shapes provide good conditions for the formation of isomers, as exemplified in 188 Pb. Of particular interest is the prediction of low-lying 10 - states in polonium isotopes, which indicate long-lived isomers.

Evaluation of radionuclide levels and radiological dose in three populations of marine mammals in the eastern Canadian Arctic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macdonald, C.R.; Ewing, L.L.; Wiewel, A.M.; Harris, D.A.; Stewart, R.E.A.

1993-01-01

Radionuclide levels were measured in beluga, walrus and ringed seal populations collected in 1992 to assess radiation dose and changes in dose with age and sex. The authors hypothesized that Arctic marine food chains accumulate high levels of naturally-occurring radionuclides such as polonium-210 and that radiation may pose a stress to animals which also accumulate metals such as cadmium. Liver, kidney, muscle and jawbone were analyzed by gamma spectrometry for cesium-137, cesium-134, lead-210, potassium-40 and radium-226 and fission-derived nuclides. Polonium-210 was analyzed by alpha spec after autodeposition onto a silver disk. Cesium-137 concentrations in muscle in all three populations were low, and ranged from below detection limits to 10 Bq/kg ww. There was no evidence of fission-derived radionuclides such as zinc-65 or cobalt-60. Lead-210 levels ranged from below detection limits in muscle of ringed seal and walrus to a mean of 82.3 Bq/kg ww in walrus bone. Polonium-210 in the three population ranged from 10 to 30 Bq/kg ww in bone and kidney. The major contributor to dose in the animals was polonium-210 because it is an alpha emitter and accumulates to moderate levels in liver and kidney. Radiological dose is approximately 20--30 times higher than background in humans, and is considerably lower than the dose observed in terrestrial food chains in the Arctic

Teine nahk ehk Ornament ja meie / Hanno Soans

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Soans, Hanno, 1974-

2003-01-01

Arhitekt Adolf Loosi suhtumine ornamenti ja nahakaunistustesse, tattoo tagasitulek käibesse läänes XX sajandi II poolel. EKA nahakunsti eriala diplomandi Kerstin Raidma lõputööst, mis sisaldas seeria levinumaid tätoveeringupiirkondi katvaid nahast ehteid, lühidalt sama eriala lõpetaja Agnetha Kurusoni lõputööst "Kest" ja lõputööde hinnetest

Learned Helplessness Encountered by Michael Oher in the Blind Side Movie

OpenAIRE

PAMUNGKAS, DIMAS PROBO

2014-01-01

Pamungkas, Dimas Probo. 2014. Learned Helplessness Encountered by Michael Oher in The Blind Side Movie. Study Program of English, Department of Languages and Literature, Faculty of Culture Studies, Universitas Brawijaya. Supervisor: Dyah Eko Hapsari;Co-supervisor: Sarlettina Vidyayani EkaKeywords: Learned Helplessness, African-American, Psychological, Social Behavior, Depression, The Blind Side.Social behavior shows several interactions between person and social situations, which stress...

Näitused kunstiakadeemias

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

EKA galeriis näitusel "Kirju pall" esitavad "krutskilist ökokunsti" rühmitus Puhas Rõõm, Mart Viljus, Anu Vahtra, Maris Mändel, Katrin Tees, Reimo Võsa-Tangsoo, Erki Kasemets, Raivo Hool. Aula fuajees näeb Jaak Soansi juhendamisel valminud skulptuuriosakonna õppetöid, valdavalt poliitikute skulptuurportreid. Osalevad Kristiina Järvelaid, Jelena Levtshenkova, Rene Reinumäe, Kaisa Uusoksa, Marju Vaher

Kuni 3. X on Frankfurdi lennujaamas (terminal 2)...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Kaasaegse ehtekunsti noorima põlvkonna ehtete väljapanek. Näitusele valiti kahe EKA ehtekunsti eriala lõpetaja tööd. Maarja Niinemäe käevõrud pälvisid III preemia, Anni Kagovere mokume gane tehnikas hõbevaagnad äramärkimise. Septembris sai Maarja Niinemägi Leipzigi Midora messil ajakirja "GZ (Goldschmiede Zeitung) preemia "Best Graduate"

International Conference on Thermoelectrics(16th), Proceedings, ICT 󈨥 Held in Dresden, Germany on August 26-29, 1997

Science.gov (United States)

1998-05-08

34Cosmos-84" and "Cosmos-90" there were used RTGs on polonium - 210 with the conditional name "Orion-1" and "Orion-2". In 1969 and 1971 for heating the...compartment with "Lunokhod-1" and "Lunokhod-2" equipment there were used radionuclide heat units on polonium - 210 with the power of 800 W. As is known...of TE being the absence of the noise of a compressor. These refrigerators that contain food and drink are quite sophisticated in that they are

Study on the bioaccumulation of Polonium-210 on bivalve indicator organisms of Tamilnadu and Pondicherry coast (East Coast of India)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Syed Mohamed, H.E.; Sadiq Bukhari, A.; Meeramaideen, M.; Masilamani, V.; Shamsudin, Mohamed; Shahul Hameed, P.

2012-01-01

210 Po is a major contributor (90%) of the natural radiation dose from alpha-emitting radionuclides, received by most marine organisms. Among marine organisms, benthic fauna are superior to many other biological groups, since they could be monitored due to their sedentary habits and then must either adapt to environmental stress or perish. They also reflect the water conditions not only at the time of sampling but also for some past time as well. The affinity of 210 Po for protein enables it to pass through the food chain, and increased body burdens of 210 Po have been found where diets include protein-rich meat and seafood. The present study was launched to evaluate the rate of accumulation of 210 Po in the benthic bivalve molluscs such as Perna indica, P.viridis, Meretrix casta, Cardium coronatum, Gafrarium tumidum, Paphia textrix, Vellorita cyprinodea and Pinctada sp., of Tamilnadu and Pondicherry coast. Water samples, sediments and bivalves were collected from Gulf of Mannar (6 sampling stations), Palk Strait (8 sampling stations) of Tamilnadu and Pondicherry (6 sampling stations). 210 Po determination as made was as per standard protocols. The results showed that 210 Po concentration in coastal waters of Gulf of Mannar, Palk Strait and Pondicherry ranged 0.5 - 2.83 mBq/l (mean 1.33 mBq/I), 2.14 - 32.14 mBq/l (mean 15.3 mBq/l) and 1.36 - 2.0 mBq/1 (mean 1.59 mBq/1) respectively. The sediments maintained higher level of 210 Po (mean value of 3.62 Bq/kg in Gulf of Mannar, 107.9 Bq/kg in Palk Strait and 3.0 Bq/kg in Pondicherry) than water. The 210 Po rich sediment therefore serves as a vital link in the transfer of Polonium from water to the marine organisms. The concentration of 210 Po in eight species of bivalves collected from the study area, recorded a maximum level ranging from 65.2 to 2668.9 Bq/kg in soft tissues and from 1.19 to 15.3 Bq/kg in shells. The bioaccumulation ability in bivalve species with reference to 210 Po was observed to be highly variable

Spatial distribution of radionuclides in soil around a coal-fired power plant: lead 210, polonium 210, radium 226, thorium 232, kalium 40 emitted with the fly ash and cesium 137 from the worldwide weapon testing fallout

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bunzl, K.; Hoetzl, H.; Rosner, G.; Winkler, R.

1984-09-01

To determine the effect of airborne emissions of radionuclides from coal-fired power plants on the environment, the concentrations of the most important radionuclides were measured in soil samples from the local environments (0.4-5.2 km) as well as in fly ash. The spatial distribution of the radionuclides in the soil did not indicate any significantly increased concentrations in the area downwind of the plant compared to other areas; the ratios lead 210/radium 226 and polonium 210/radium 226 were within the range observed for unaffected soils. The emissions from the plant, though present, are obviously too small to significantly change the natural local distribution pattern of the radionuclides in the soil. A highly significant correlation between potassium 40 and thorium 232 was observed which was independent of the different types of soils found in this area. The concentration of cesium 137 in topsoil, which is the result of worldwide fallout from nuclear weapons testing, varied at some places even within a small distance (approx. 2 km) by up to one order of magnitude. Furthermore, it was observed that the concentration of cesium 137 in soils from cropland was on average a factor of 2 less than in those from grassland. This variability has to be considered in planning monitoring programs around nuclear power plants, which may also release this radionuclide. (A.V.)

Kunstiakadeemia kolib ajutiselt Estonia puiesteele / Mari Kodres

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kodres, Mari

2009-01-01

Eesti Kunstiakadeemia on 2010. a. alguseks vanadest ruumidest kolinud hoonesse aadressil Estonia pst. 7. Rüütelkonna hoones leidis endale ajutise kodu vabade kunstide teaduskonna enamik erialasid. Veebruari algul toimuvast tühjendamispeost. EKA uue maja arhitektuurikonkursi võitis Taani arhitektuuribüroodes Sea ja Effekt valminud töö "Art Plaza". Uue hoone ehitus algab aprillis, valmimistähtajaks on 2012. a. kevad

Elu- ja mõtterännakud, minemised ja saatmised / Kaljo Põllu ; interv. Jonathan Roper, Marika Alver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Põllu, Kaljo, 1934-2010

2007-01-01

Kaljo Põllu oma kunstiõpingutest, loomingust, tööst Tartu Ülikooli kunstikabineti juhatajana, käikudest soomeugrilaste juurde, soome-ugri ekpeditsioonide korraldamisest kunstiinstituudis, ekspeditsioonide mõjust üliõpilaste mõtteviisile ja kunstile, rühmitusest Ydi, soomeugrilisusest eemaldumisest. Leedsi ülikooli inglise filoloogia lektor Jonathan Rops on käinud koos EKA üliõpilastega ekspeditsioonidel 1998., 1999. ja 2003. aastal

Talv 2015 = Winter 2015

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2015-01-01

Aasta võitjad: Mart Kalm EKA rektoriks, Jaanus Samma Veneetsia biennaalil, Kris Lemsalu New Yorgi kunstimessil, Anu Vahtrale Köler Prize 2015, Raymond Pettiboni ja Marko Mäetamme isiknäitused Kumus, Katja Novitskova MoMa-s, Tanja Muravskajale Sadolini kunstipreemia, Tõnis Saadojale Konrad Mäe medal ja preemia, EKKM uued tegevjuhid on Marten Esko ja Johannes Säre, kunstnikupalka hakkavad saama viis Eesti kunstnikku

Eksperimendid ruumis / Toomas Tammis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tammis, Toomas, 1969-

2014-01-01

EKA arhitektuuriteaduskonnas tehakse erialaprojekti kõrval väga erinevaid ruumilisi harjutusi. Esitletud on valik väiksemate töötubade ja kursuste töid: Kineetilise arhitektuuri töötuba "Volditav, klapitav, rullitav, pakitav", 2014 (juhendaja Renee Puusepp); Parameetrilise disaini valikaine, 2011 (juhendaja Raul Kalvo, assistent Kristjan Männigo); Maketistuudio, 2014 (juhendaja Paco Ulman); Eksperimentaalse arhitektuuri problemaatika, 2014 (juhendajad Martin Melioranski ja Paco Ulman)

Täna kell 19 avatakse Kultuuritehases Polymer...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

EKA Erasmuse programmi vahetusüliõpilaste ja nende eesti sõprade multimeediaüritus "PC - rahvusvahelised lained Tallinnas!". Osalevad Austria, Mehhiko, Saksamaa, Itaalia, Soome, Eesti, Poola, Hispaania, Prantsusmaa, Belgia, Šveitsi, Portugali, Tšehhi, USA ja Läti 2004. ja 2005. a. Eestis elanud kunstiüliõpilased. Kunstiprogrammile järgneb kontsert ja pidu DJde Andres Lõo, Valner Valme ja Christoph Höschele osavõtul

Meediakunsti mainet saab tõsta ainult järjekindla tööga / Jane Suviste, Piibe Piirma ; interv. Reet Varblane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Suviste, Jane

2006-01-01

Intervjuu 2006. a. jaanuaris loodud Eesti Meediakunstnike Ühingu asutajaliikmetega. Ühingu eesmärgist, MediaLabist Polümeeri tehases, koostööst EKA e-meedia keskusega, plaanitavast koostööst Tartu Kõrgema Kunstikooli ja Mooste külalisateljeega, austria kunstniku Barbara Musili videote näitusest MediaLabis 7. IV, mai algul toimunud üritusest "Switch", laste ja noorte kaasamisest jm.

[Eesti Kunstiakadeemia uue hoone rahvusvaheline arhitektuurivõistlus] : EKA maja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Žürii hääletustulemused ja hinnangud. I preemia - "Art Plaza", taani arhitektid Uffe Leth Laursen, Tue Hesselberg Foged, Karsten Gori, Sinus Lynge, Greta Tedje, Simon Sorensen, Lawrence Aeberhard, Lyndal Brown, Morgan Jacobsen (AB Sea + Effekt). II - "TLN 247", Hollandi AB NAT Architecten bv, M. van Zijl, V. van der Klei, F. A. van Manen, B. de Graaf, T. M. van Dijkhuizen, S. van der Meer, D. Awe, N. Limburg, J. Kuilman. III - "Arts Factory", Portugali AB Neralp-Arquitectura Engenharia e Construcoes Lda, Paulo Sergio Goncalves Teixeira de Sousa. Ergutuspreemia - "Publicsection", Hollandi AB BOARD, Bernd Upmeyer, kaastöö: Claudia Hess ja "Sashimi", jaapani arhitekt Francois Blanciak

A statistical approach to investigating enhancement of polonium-210 in the Eastern Irish Sea arising from discharges from a former phosphate processing plant.

Science.gov (United States)

Dewar, Alastair; Camplin, William; Barry, Jon; Kennedy, Paul

2014-12-01

Since the cessation of phosphoric acid production (in 1992) and subsequent closure and decommissioning (2004) of the Rhodia Consumer Specialties Limited plant in Whitehaven, the concentration levels of polonium-210 ((210)Po) in local marine materials have declined towards a level more typical of natural background. However, enhanced concentrations of (210)Po and lead-210 ((210)Pb), due to this historic industrial activity (plant discharges and ingrowth of (210)Po from (210)Pb), have been observed in fish and shellfish samples collected from this area over the last 20 years. The results of this monitoring, and assessments of the dose from these radionuclides, to high-rate aquatic food consumers are published annually in the Radioactivity in Food and the Environment (RIFE) report series. The RIFE assessment uses a simple approach to determine whether and by how much activity is enhanced above the normal background. As a potential tool to improve the assessment of enhanced concentrations of (210)Po in routine dose assessments, a formal statistical test, where the null hypothesis is that the Whitehaven area is contaminated with (210)Po, was applied to sample data. This statistical, modified "green", test has been used in assessments of chemicals by the OSPAR commission. It involves comparison of the reported environmental concentrations of (210)Po in a given aquatic species against its corresponding Background Assessment Concentration (BAC), which is based upon environmental samples collected from regions assumed to be not enhanced by industrial sources of (210)Po, over the period for which regular monitoring data are available (1990-2010). Unlike RIFE, these BAC values take account of the variability of the natural background level. As an example, for 2010 data, crab, lobster, mussels and winkles passed the modified "green" test (i.e. the null hypothesis is rejected) and as such are deemed not to be enhanced. Since the cessation of phosphoric acid production in 1992

Inimesed linnas = People in the city / Kaja Pae

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pae, Kaja

2006-01-01

Eesti näitus "Joint Space" Veneetsia 10. arhitektuuribiennaalil. AB Urban Mark: Ülar Mark, Indrek Tiigi, Kaja Pae, Yoko Alender, Raul Kalvo, Tartu Ülikooli Geograafiainstituut: Rein Ahas, Anto Aasa, Siiri Silm, Positium ICT: Margus Tiru, Erki Saluveer. Näitusel oli eksponeeritud kolm mobiilpositsioneerimisega läbi viidud case study (EKA liikmete liikumisuuring, Eestit külastanud turistide uuring, Tallinna regiooni pendelrändajate uuring). Bibliograafia lk. 33

Report for General Research January 8, to April 30, 1951 (Alpha - Neutron Volume)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haring, M.M.

1951-01-04

An experimental, gamma-sensitive, coaxial radioelectric cell has been tested by the Control Section. It was found to be as precise as the rotating sample gamma counter but much faster and simpler to operate. A gamma-sensitive, radioelectric cell of improved design has been constructed for the 'Y' Section. A neutron sensitive radioelectric cell has been tested over a range of pressures with various filling gases and with several combinations of hydrogenous electrode backings. Neutron to gamma discrimination ratios as high as 2,000 to 1 were obtained, A multiple electrode, alpha radiation, radioelectric cell using coated plastic electrodes gave increased current output, but the electrode life was quite short. Preliminary life tests indicated that aluminum electroscope foil would give excellent electrode life and techniques were worked out for making good electrodes of both aluminum and of gold electroscope foil. The vacuum-pressure gas system has been redesigned and completely rebuilt (p. 5) The fast-neutron scintillation counter is much smaller and lighter than a B-wall proportional counter and a large moderator. The former is more efficient for polonium-beryllium neutron sources but is less efficient for radium-beryllium neutron sources or for polonium sources producing lower energy neutrons The fast neutron scintillation counter would thus be very useful if the neutron to gamma discrimination ratio could be markedly improved. Preliminary experiments indicate that this ratio can be improved by carefully tailoring the frequency response characteristics of the amplifier used. Phosphors are also being investigated from the standpoint of improving this ratio. Preliminary attempts to detect neutrons by measuring the neutron-capture gamma of cadmium were unsuccessful. However, the conversion gamma from alpha-beryllium neutron sources can be detected with high efficiency; and this might be used to determine the neutron flux from such sources even in the presence

Polonium-210 in tobacco

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harley, N.H.; Cohen, B.S.; Tso, T.C.

1978-01-01

The purpose of this paper was to present the measurements that have been made on tobacco and tobacco products and to indicate the studies that show the amount of 210 Po transferred to mainstream smoke and inhaled. The amounts reported to be in the lung are summarized. The authors have shown what average values might be expected in the lung due to normal deposition and clearance of the smoke aerosol and to compare these values with the measurements. The average dose to cells in the bronchial epithelium was estimated for the activities reported to be on the bronchial surface, and a comparison of this dose with a known tumorigenic alpha dose was made

A computer method for simulating the decay of radon daughters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hartley, B.M.

1988-01-01

The analytical equations representing the decay of a series of radioactive atoms through a number of daughter products are well known. These equations are for an idealized case in which the expectation value of the number of atoms which decay in a certain time can be represented by a smooth curve. The real curve of the total number of disintegrations from a radioactive species consists of a series of Heaviside step functions, with the steps occurring at the time of the disintegration. The disintegration of radioactive atoms is said to be random but this random behaviour is such that a single species forms an ensemble of which the times of disintegration give a geometric distribution. Numbers which have a geometric distribution can be generated by computer and can be used to simulate the decay of one or more radioactive species. A computer method is described for simulating such decay of radioactive atoms and this method is applied specifically to the decay of the short half life daughters of radon 222 and the emission of alpha particles from polonium 218 and polonium 214. Repeating the simulation of the decay a number of times provides a method for investigating the statistical uncertainty inherent in methods for measurement of exposure to radon daughters. This statistical uncertainty is difficult to investigate analytically since the time of decay of an atom of polonium 218 is not independent of the time of decay of subsequent polonium 214. The method is currently being used to investigate the statistical uncertainties of a number of commonly used methods for the counting of alpha particles from radon daughters and the calculations of exposure

Design and construction of a system to analyze Radon 222 by means of alpha spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez, J.B.

1991-01-01

Design and construction of a system to measure gaseous Radon 222 which arise from a source of Radium 226 electrodeposited in a stainless disc is described. Such a system allows to differentiate the energies of radium where they come from, as well as energies of daughter products. In this way it is possible to have a more precise measure of the alpha activity of this isotope. The system was constructed in a stainless steel hermetic container made of the camera, a cape and a valve, the used sample was a standards of Radium 226 attained from carnotite ore. The Radon 222 alpha particles, as well as the alpha particles of its decay products namely Polonium 210. Polonium 218 and Polonium 214 were identified by a surface barrier detector. The results in this manner obtained shows clearly well definite peaks of Radon 222 and also peaks of the Radon 222 daughter products with energies of 5.43, 5.31, 6.0 and 7.69 Mev respectively. The system allows to separate and to indentify the energies of Radon and its daughter products coming directly from a standard solid sample of Radium 226 (Author)

210Po activity concentrations in mussels at Aegean Turkish Coast

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sekkin, F.; Tanbay, A.; Vener, V.

2000-01-01

In Turkey mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) are consumed in relatively large quantities. Therefore, analyses of mussel samples from different sampling sites in Aegean Sea were performed in order to evaluate the ingestion of 210 Po and 210 Pb by the Turkey population. Polonium analyses were performed with a complete dissolution of the sample in mineral acids. Polonium isotopes were plated onto a copper discs in 0.5 M HCl solution in the presence of ascorbic acid using a technique modified from Flynn (1968). The alpha activity measurements of polonium isotopes plated on copper discs were performed with ZnS(Ag) detector. The highest concentrations was found in Karaburun mussels as 254 Bq.kg -1 and the lowest one was at Inciralti as 18 Bq.kg -1 . Based on these 210 Po activity concentrations, annual dose equivalent rates delivered to biological tissues in mussels would vary widely, from 136 to 10 mSv.y -1 . It is concluded that in mussels living in the Aegean Sea a wide range of internal radiation dose exists and it is essentially sustained by 210 Po food-chain transfer. (author)

An alternative procedure for uranium analysis in drinking water using AQUALIX columns: application to varied French bottled waters.

Science.gov (United States)

Bouvier-Capely, C; Bonthonneau, J P; Dadache, E; Rebière, F

2014-01-01

The general population is chronically exposed to uranium ((234)U, (235)U, and (238)U) and polonium ((210)Po) mainly through day-to-day food and beverage intake. The measurement of these naturally-occurring radionuclides in drinking water is important to assess their health impact. In this work the applicability of calix[6]arene-derivatives columns for uranium analysis in drinking water was investigated. A simple and effective method was proposed on a specific column called AQUALIX, for the separation and preconcentration of U from drinking water. This procedure is suitable for routine analysis and the analysis time is considerably shortened (around 4h) by combining the separation on AQUALIX with fast ICP-MS measurement. This new method was tested on different French bottled waters (still mineral water, sparkling mineral water, and spring water). Then, the case of simultaneous presence of uranium and polonium in water was considered due to interferences in alpha spectrometry measurement. A protocol was proposed using a first usual step of spontaneous deposition of polonium on silver disc in order to separate Po, followed by the uranium extraction on AQUALIX column before alpha spectrometry counting. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Accumulation of 210Po by benthic marine algae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gouvea, R.C.; Branco, M.E.C.; Santos, P.L.

1988-01-01

The accumulation of polonium 210 Po by various species of benthic marine seaweeds collected from 4 different points on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, showed variations by species and algal groups. The highest value found was in red alga, Plocamium brasiliensis followed by other organisms of the same group. In the group of the brown alga, the specie Sargassum stenophylum was outstanding. The Chlorophyta presented the lowest content of 210 Po. The algae collected in open sea, revealed greater concentration factors of 210 Po than the same species living in bays. The siliceous residue remaining after mineralization of the algae did not interfere with the detection of polonium. (author)

Determination and distribution of 210Po in tobacco plants from Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skwarzec, B.; Struminska, D.I.; Ulatowski, J.; Golebiowski, M.

2001-01-01

One of the most radiotoxic elements, 210 Po in different parts of tobacco plant from Poland was determined. Investigation revealed that polonium is non-uniformly distributed within tobacco plant. Tobacco leaves constituting about 50% of the wet mass, contain 87.1% of the total burden of 210 Po. Among the analyzed leaves about 66% of polonium is located in the oldest, over-ground part. It was indicated that 210 Po is generally taken up by tobacco from the dry or wet deposition of the radioactive fall-out onto the plant. Moreover, 210 Po concentration in tobacco leaves from Poland are higher than that in the other countries. (author)

Occupational radioactive contamination of cement handlers of the civil construction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Pedro Lopes dos; Gouvea, Rita de Cassia dos Santos; Kelecom, Alphonse; Dutra, Iedo Ramos

1999-01-01

Due to their occupational activities, several classes of workers are exposed to radioactive contamination by materials they handle and that contain traces of uranium and its descendants. This is the case of people that work in the civil construction and that currently handle Portland cement. Among other radioactive elements, cement contains the highly radiotoxic polonium-210 which may promote skin cancer because of its high specific activity and high LET α-particle it emits. Concentrations of polonium-210 are reported for urine, hair and skin smear of workers of the civil construction that usually handle cement. The results are compared to a control group. (author)

Kui vana on kunstnik? / Anneli Porri

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Porri, Anneli, 1980-

2003-01-01

Rahvusvahelise kunstihariduse konverentsi "InSea on Sea" raames Kunstiakadeemia galeriis Karin Laansoo kureeritud Tallinna Kunstikooli õpilaste tööde näitus "MÄRKmed", Draakoni galeriis Mari Sobolevi kureeritud Viljandi Maagümnaasiumi kunstistuudio näitus "Sisseastumiseksam maailma", rahvusraamatukogus Anneli Porri kureeritud näitus "Kokkuvõte" EKA tänavuste lõpetajate töödest ja näitus "Leitud tagahoovist", Kullo galeriis rahvusvaheline näitus "Dialoog erinevuste vahel"

Leonardo da Vinci maali näidatakse peagi Kadriorus / Gianni Glinni, Orest Kormašov ; intervjueerinud Mart Zirnask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Glinni, Gianni

2009-01-01

Kadrioru Kunstimuuseumis eksponeeritakse 5.-12. veebruarini 2010. a. Leonardo da Vinci arvatavat autoportreed ning 6. veebruaril toimub Tallinna Ülikoolis maali analüüse tutvustav konverents. Portree leiti 2008. aastal ühest Lõuna-Itaalia erakogust. TLÜ kunstiosakonna juhataja Orest Kormašov valmistas maali järgi skulptuuri ja EKA tudeng ja graafiline disainer Helen Kokk arvutimudeli. Intervjuus jagavad teemakohaseid selgitusi üks uuringute eestvedaja Gianni Glinni ja Orest Kormašov

Kas praegune triennaal õnnestus? : tarbekunst / Ketli Tiitsar ; interv. R[eet] V[arblane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tiitsar, Ketli

2006-01-01

Tallinna IV rakenduskunsti triennaali töögrupi liige K. Tiitsar triennaalist, näituse kujundusest (3+1 Arhitektid), eesti tarbekunstist, seminarist ja esitluste päevast (Mecky van den Brinki, Heli Hietala, Marie-Louise Kristenseni, Outi Liusvaara esinemine), satelliitnäitustest (Anneli Porri ja Pille-Triin Männiku kuraatoriprojekt "Teadus ja tänapäev", Hollandi Gerrit Rietveldi akadeemia ehteosakonna üliõpilaste tööde näitus EKA galeriis)

Reaction of yttrium polonides with carbon dioxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abakumov, A.S.; Khokhlov, A.D.; Reznikova, N.F.

1986-01-01

It has been proved that heating of yttrium and tantalum in carbon dioxide to 500 and 800 0 C alters the gas phase composition, causing formation of carbon monoxide and reduction of oxygen content. A study of the thermal stability of yttrium polonides in carbon dioxide showed that yttrium sesqui- and monopolonides decompose at 400-430 0 C. The temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of polonium obtained upon decomposition of the referred polonides has been determined in a carbon dioxide environment radiotensometrically. The enthalpy of the process calculated from this dependence is close to the enthalpy of vaporization of elemental polonium in vacuo. The mechanism of the reactions has been suggested

Reaction of titanium polonides with carbon dioxide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abakumov, A.S.; Malyshev, M.L.; Reznikova, N.F.

1987-01-01

It has been ascertained that heating titanium and tantalum in carbon dioxide to temperatures of 500 or 800 0 C alters the composition of the gas phase, causing the advent of carbon monoxide and lowering the oxygen content. Investigation of the thermal stability of titanium polonides in a carbon dioxide medium has shown that titanium mono- and hemipolonides are decomposed at temperatures below 350 0 C. The temperature dependence of the vapor pressure of polonium produced in the decomposition of these polonides in a carbon dioxide medium have been determined by a radiotensimetric method. The enthalpy of the process, calculated from this relationship, is close to the enthalpy of vaporization of elementary polonium in vacuo

Chemical and geochemical studies off the coast of Washington. Report of progress, May 1974--May 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carpenter, R.

1975-05-01

Results are reported from studies on the chemical, geological, and geochemical effects of the Columbia River in the northeast Pacific Ocean from May 1974 to May 1975. The studies followed three main lines of investigation: surface chemical studies of the scavenging of various species dissolved in sea water, especially lead-210, by well characterized natural particulates; studies of uptake and transfer of several isotopes, starting with polonium-210, by particularly well defined parts of the marine food web; and studies of the behavior of lead-210 and polonium-210 in sediments off the Washington coast and the application of lead-210 dating to determine sediment accumulation rates over the past 100 years in the coastal zone

Occurrence of 210Po in periwinkle (Littorina undulata, Gray, 1839) collected from Kudankulam (Gulf of Mannar (GOM), Southeast coast of India)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sunith Shine, S.R.; Feroz Khan, M.; Godwin Wesley, S.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Polonium-210 was quantified in the periwinkle Littorina undulata. • Smaller-sized periwinkles displayed higher Polonium-210. • Marked variation in 210 Po activity between season and sampling site. • The internal dose rate estimated using ERICA Assessment Tool. • The daily intake and committed effective dose estimated. -- Abstract: Polonium-210 activity concentration was analysed in the whole body tissue of periwinkle Littorina undulata collected from intertidal rocky shore along Kudankulam coast. We carried out the study for a period of 12 months (2011–2012) focusing on three seasons. 210 Po was found non-uniformly distributed among the periwinkles depending on the allometry. The 210 Po accumulation showed a significant difference between seasons (p 210 Po compared to larger ones (p 210 Po varied from 13.5 to 58.9 Bq/kg (wet). The activity of 210 Po was also quantified in seawater and intertidal sediments to calculate the biological concentration factor (BCF) and radiation dose rate. The dose rate to the winkles was performed using ERICA Assessment Tool and it was within the prescribed limit. The intake of 210 Po through periwinkles delivered an effective dose in the range of 2.2–9.6 μSv/y to human beings

210Po behaviour in terrestrial environment: a review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coppin, F.; Roussel-Debet, S.

2004-01-01

This bibliographical review illustrates the behaviour of 210 polonium in the terrestrial environment. Sources of 210 Po in the atmosphere vary especially with the geographical localization and the occurrence or the absence of mining activities. In soils, polonium, because of its atmospheric origin, is concentrated in the first upper centimeters. 210 Po is rather immobile and adsorbed on mineral surfaces; it can (co)precipitate with metallic (oxi)hydroxides or in the form of sulphide. The main transfer pathway of 210 Po to vegetation is foliar deposit, which is not, or only slightly, followed by incorporation or translocation. 210 Po is transferred to animals mainly by ingestion, with relatively high transfer factors. In fresh waters, 210 Po is generally immobile in the form of insoluble Po(IV) and/or associated with the particulate or colloidal phase. Plankton, invertebrates and fish concentrate the 210 Po, especially in soft tissues. Polonium, which is an omnipresent natural radionuclide, is likely to occasion a significant exposure to man, compared with other natural or artificial radioisotopes. Nearly all studies derive from in situ measurements and are very descriptive, therefore experimental work aiming at a better knowledge and modeling of its behaviour in the terrestrial environment would be useful. (author)

Disaini ja rahvaste saatusest / Daniel Van der Velden ; interv. Kristjan Mändmaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Van der Velden, Daniel

2008-01-01

17.-27. X 2008 oli Eesti Kunstiakadeemias näitus "Marsilt. Omaalgatuslikud projektid graafilises disainis". Kuraatorid: tšehhi disainerid Adam Machacek ja Radim Peshko. 17. X esinesid EKA saalis loengutega James Goggin Londoni firmast Practice ja Daniel van der Velden Hollandi disainikollektiivist Metahaven. 16. V osales D. van der Velden Eesti Disainiinstituudi korraldatud kohabrändingu-teemalises ümarlauas. D. van der Velden disaini, poliitika ja kohabrändingu tulevikust, Metahaveni disainitöödest

Disaini ja rahvaste saatusest / Daniel Van der Velden ; intervjueerinud Kristjan Mändmaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Van der Velden, Daniel

2011-01-01

17.-27. X 2008 oli Eesti Kunstiakadeemias näitus "Marsilt. Omaalgatuslikud projektid graafilises disainis". Kuraatorid: tšehhi disainerid Adam Machacek ja Radim Peshko. 17. X esinesid EKA saalis loengutega James Goggin Londoni firmast Practice ja Daniel van der Velden Hollandi disainikollektiivist Metahaven. 16. V osales D. van der Velden Eesti Disainiinstituudi korraldatud kohabrändingu-teemalises ümarlauas. D. van der Velden disaini, poliitika ja kohabrändingu tulevikust, Metahaveni disainitöödest

Ülikoolid pole mängukannid / Sirje Tohver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tohver, Sirje

2001-01-01

TPÜ korraldas 16. märtsil̀ 2001 ümarlaua "Ülikoolid pole mängukannid", kus oli arutusel riikliku koolitustellimuse vähenemine avalik-õiguslikele ülikoolidele. Osalesid TPÜ filoloogiateaduskonna dekaan dots. H. Mattisen, kultuuriteaduskonna dekaan prof. A. Avarand, akadeemiline prorektor dots. L. Jõgi, teadus- ja arendusprorektor prof. P. Normak, haridusminister T. Lukas, TPÜ rektor prof. M. Arvisto ja EKA rektor prof. A. Keskküla, TTÜ rektor prof. A. Keevallik, EMA õppeprorektor A. Pung

30. X tähistab EKA 90. aastapäeva

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Näitustest. 29. X audoktorite Udo Kultermanni ja Juhani Pallasmaa loengud ning ümarlaud "Disain, tulevik ja identiteet", kus esitavad ettekande Halldor Gislason (Reykjavik), Francois Penz (Cambridge), Bruce Brown (Brighton), Peter McGrory (Helsingi) ja Michael U. Hensel (London), ümarlauda juhib Jüri Soolep. 30. X vilistlaspäev, audoktoriteks promoveeritakse Juhani Pallasmaa, Udo Kultermann, Lars Olof Larsson ja Yrjö Sotamaa

"Art Plaza" oli vaieldamatult parim projekt : EKA maja / Indrek Allmann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Allmann, Indrek, 1972-

2008-01-01

Eesti Kunstiakadeemia uue hoone rahvusvahelisel arhitektuurikonkursil I preemia saanud Taani arhitektuuribüroode Sea + Effekt projektis "Art Plaza" on arvestatud ajaloolist konteksti ja jätkusuutlikkust. "Art Plaza" taustaks näiteid arhitektuuriajaloost

Distribution of lead in teeth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fremlin, J H; Tanti-Wipawin, W [Birmingham Univ. (UK). Dept. of Physics

1976-07-01

There is currently much concern with the amount of lead in the environment. Measurement of lead in teeth is being used to give information on the integrated uptake of lead by the individual over a period. The distribution of lead within individual teeth, is examined with the object of distinguishing lead deposited during formation or calcification from that taken up by the tooth over its working life after eruption. A tooth is sectioned and bombarded with 30-MeV ions of helium-3 from the Birmingham 1.52-m cyclotron, which produces polonium isotopes. The main useful activity is due to polonium-206, an ..cap alpha.. emitter, half-life 8 d. These ..cap alpha.. particles can be recorded by a plastic solid-state track detector.

Distribution of lead in teeth

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fremlin, J.H.; Tanti-Wipawin, W.

1976-01-01

There is currently much concern with the amount of lead in the environment. Measurement of lead in teeth is being used to give information on the integrated uptake of lead by the individual over a period. The distribution of lead within individual teeth, is examined with the object of distinguishing lead deposited during formation or calcification from that taken up by the tooth over its working life after eruption. A tooth is sectioned and bombarded with 30-MeV ions of helium-3 from the Birmingham 1.52-m cyclotron, which produces polonium isotopes. The main useful activity is due to polonium-206, an α emitter, half-life 8 d. These α particles can be recorded by a plastic solid-state track detector. (U.K.)

The research for a method for controlling atmospheric pollution in a plutonium treatment cell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bouteiller, E.

1960-01-01

The aerosols likely to contain 210 Po are trapped by bubbling through an acid solution. The problem of determining the polonium concentration of the solution has been solved by combining it with telluric acid. The reduction is carried out at pH = 0 using a solution of stannous chloride. We have studied the factors influencing coprecipitation; nature of the medium, pH, amounts of telluric acid and of stannous chloride. The average yield for the precipitation is 93 per cent. After precipitation, the polonium is filtered on paper and its activity is measured by means of a scintillation counter. The method makes it possible to measure 1/20 of the maximum permissible dose with an accuracy of 20 per cent. (author) [fr

Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Surface Roughness of Dental Restorations

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-01

peer pressure.  Ingredients  found in smokeless tobacco include:  polonium   210 , n­nitrosamines, formaldehyde,  nicotine, cadmium, cyanide, arsenic...flavors, preservatives, and sugars are also added.  Polynuclear aromatic  hydrocarbons,  polonium   210 , and n­nitrosamines represent the chemical...N­nitrosamines in tobacco by super critical fluid extraction. Journal of   Agricultural and  Food  Chemistry 43, 916–922.     24 Brunnemann KD, Hoffmann D, Qi J

Pärnus on uus nüüdiskunsti galerii!

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

17. VI Pärnus Lõuna t. 20 avatud eksperimentaalne Rael Artel Gallery keskendub esimesel hooajal eelkõige foto ja sound art'i eksponeerimisele. Kuraatorid: Anu Allas, Andreas W, EKA kunstiteaduse üliõpilased Marion Tupits, Aleksander Tsapov, Urmas Oja. Galeristi Rael Arteli kureeritud avanäitusel "Jagatud kehad" on väljas Eveli Variku, Tanja Muravskaja, Imre Malva, Andreas W ja Haide Rannakivi tööd. Galerii audiogalerii avatakse Projekt Unisoni (Hello Upan, Raul Keller, Heikki Tikas) mürateosega "DOHC"

Viis kandidaati ühele õpetajakohale / Raivo Juurak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Juurak, Raivo

2007-01-01

Programmist "Noored kooli", etapi lõpuks selgitati välja 13 noort, kes lähevad tänavu 1. septembril kooli õpetajaks. Oma hinnangu programmile annavad üliõpilased: TTÜ geenitehnoloogiast P. Uuemaa, TTÜ logistikast K. Lillemets, EKA tekstiilidisainist I. Gross, TÜ inglise filoloogiast R. Kurg, TÜ hispaania keele ja politoloogia üliõpilane L. Prikk, TLÜ inglise filoloogiast T.-K. Kaber, TÜ eesti keel vene koolis erialalt N. Reppo, TTÜ geenitehnoloogiast P. Ahte ja TÜ inglise filoloogiast H. Haljaste

Polonium-210 in Bombay diet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khandekar, R.N.

1977-01-01

The results of the measurement of concentration levels of 210 Po in most of the common foods in the typical Bombay diet are given and estimates provided of the total daily intake of 210 Po by an individual of Bombay city. (U.K.)

Polonium-210 in Bombay diet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khandekar, R N [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay (India). Air Monitoring Section

1977-08-01

The results of the measurement of concentration levels of /sup 210/Po in most of the common foods in the typical Bombay diet are given and estimates provided of the total daily intake of /sup 210/Po by an individual of Bombay city.

Sorption studies of radioelements on geological materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berry, John A.; Yui, Mikazu; Kitamura, Akira

2007-11-01

Batch sorption experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of uranium, technetium, curium, neptunium, actinium, protactinium, polonium, americium and plutonium onto bentonite, granodiorite and tuff. Mathematical modelling using the HARPHRQ program and the HATCHES database was carried out to predict the speciation of uranium and technetium in the equilibrated seawater, and neptunium, americium and plutonium in the rock equilibrated water. Review of the literature for thermodynamic data for curium, actinium, protactinium and polonium was carried out. Where sufficient data were available, predictions of the speciation and solubility were made. This report is a summary report of the experimental work conducted by AEA Technology during April 1991-March 1998, and the main results have been presented at Material Research Society Symposium Proceedings and published as proceedings of them. (author)

Treatment techniques for removing natural radionuclides from drinking water. Final report of the TENAWA project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Annanmaeki, M.; Turtiainen, T.

2000-01-01

TENAWA project (Treatment Techniques for Removing Natural Radionuclides from Drinking Water) was carried out on a cost-shared basic with the European Commission (CEC) under the supervision of Directorate-General XII, Radiation Protection Unit. TENAWA project was started because in several European countries ground water supplies may contain high amounts of natural radionuclides. During the project both laboratory and field research was performed in order to test the applicability of different equipment and techniques for removing natural radionuclides from drinking water. The measurable objectives of the project were: to give recommendations on the most suitable methods for removing radon ( 222 Rn), uranium ( 238,234 U), radium ( 226 , 228 Ra), lead ( 210 Pb) and polonium ( 210 Po) from drinking water of different qualities (i.e. soft, hard, iron-, manganese- and humus-rich, acidic) to test commercially available equipment for its ability to remove radionuclides; to find new materials, absorbents and membranes effective in the removal of radionuclides and to issue guidelines for the treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes produced in water treatment. Radon could be removed efficiently (>95%) from domestic water supplies by both aeration and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Defects in technical reliability or radon removal efficiency were observed in some aerators. The significant drawback of GAC filtration was the elevated gamma dose rates (up to 120 μSv/h) near the filter and the radioactivity of spent GAC. Aeration was found to be a suitable method for removing radon at waterworks, too. The removal efficiencies at waterworks where the aeration process was designed to remove radon or carbon dioxide were 67-99%. If the aeration process was properly designed, removal efficiencies higher than 95% could be attained. Uranium could best be removed (>95%) with strong basic anion exchange resins and radium by applying strong acidic cation exchange resins

Treatment techniques for removing natural radionuclides from drinking water. Final report of the TENAWA project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Annanmaeki, M.; Turtiainen, T. [eds.

2000-01-01

TENAWA project (Treatment Techniques for Removing Natural Radionuclides from Drinking Water) was carried out on a cost-shared basic with the European Commission (CEC) under the supervision of Directorate-General XII, Radiation Protection Unit. TENAWA project was started because in several European countries ground water supplies may contain high amounts of natural radionuclides. During the project both laboratory and field research was performed in order to test the applicability of different equipment and techniques for removing natural radionuclides from drinking water. The measurable objectives of the project were: to give recommendations on the most suitable methods for removing radon ({sup 222}Rn), uranium ({sup 238,234}U), radium ({sup 226}, {sup 228}Ra), lead ({sup 210}Pb) and polonium ({sup 210}Po) from drinking water of different qualities (i.e. soft, hard, iron-, manganese- and humus-rich, acidic) to test commercially available equipment for its ability to remove radionuclides; to find new materials, absorbents and membranes effective in the removal of radionuclides and to issue guidelines for the treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes produced in water treatment. Radon could be removed efficiently (>95%) from domestic water supplies by both aeration and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Defects in technical reliability or radon removal efficiency were observed in some aerators. The significant drawback of GAC filtration was the elevated gamma dose rates (up to 120 {mu}Sv/h) near the filter and the radioactivity of spent GAC. Aeration was found to be a suitable method for removing radon at waterworks, too. The removal efficiencies at waterworks where the aeration process was designed to remove radon or carbon dioxide were 67-99%. If the aeration process was properly designed, removal efficiencies higher than 95% could be attained. Uranium could best be removed (>95%) with strong basic anion exchange resins and radium by applying strong

Kinetic experiments for evaluating the Nernst-Monod model for anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) in a biofilm anode.

Science.gov (United States)

Torres, César I; Marcus, Andrew Kato; Parameswaran, Prathap; Rittmann, Bruce E

2008-09-01

Anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) are able to transfer electrons from reduced substrates to a solid electrode. Previously, we developed a biofilm model based on the Nernst-Monod equation to describe the anode potential losses of ARB that transfer electrons through a solid conductive matrix. In this work, we develop an experimental setup to demonstrate how well the Nernst-Monod equation is able to represent anode potential losses in an ARB biofilm. We performed low-scan cyclic voltammetry (LSCV) throughout the growth phase of an ARB biofilm on a graphite electrode growing on acetate in continuous mode. The (j)V response of 9 LSCVs corresponded well to the Nernst-Monod equation, and the half-saturation potential (E(KA)) was -0.425 +/- 0.002 V vs Ag/AgCl at 30 degrees C (-0.155 +/- 0.002 V vs SHE). Anode-potential losses from the potential of acetate reached approximately 0.225 V at current density saturation, and this loss was determined by our microbial community's E(KA) value. The LSCVs at high current densities showed no significant deviation from the Nernst-Monod ideal shape, indicating that the conductivity of the biofilm matrix (kappa(bio)) was high enough (> or = 0.5 mS/cm) that potential loss did not affect the performance of the biofilm anode. Our results confirm the applicability of the Nernst-Monod equation for a conductive biofilm anode and give insights of the processes that dominate anode potential losses in microbial fuel cells.

Me aiaäärne tsivilisatsioon / Andri Ksenofontov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ksenofontov, Andri, 1962-

2008-01-01

Gerhard Richteri näitus "Ülevaade" 6. VI-17. VIII ja Eha Komissarovi kureeritud eesti kunstnike linnakeskkonna-teemaline näitus "Koht, mis paneb liikuma" 20. VI-17. VIII Kumu Kunstimuuseumis. Lühidalt Tõnis Saadoja Gerhard Richteri portreede seeriast "Mainstream" Kumu Kunstimuuseumis. Maarit Murka töödest, Kaarel Nurga fotodest, Anton Kooviti, Uku ja Remi grafititoast, Raoul Kurvitza arvutiinstallatsioonist "Pentatonic Color System II" (helilooja Ariel Lagle), Reet Ausi, Marit Ahvena,Ville Hyvöneni, Hula, EKA moedisaini ja Tartu Kõrgema Kunstikooli tekstiili- ja fotoosakonna projektist "Üle prahi", Kaido Ole installatsioonist "Koosolek"

Riigikogu hoone / Herbert Voldemar Johanson, Eugen Habermann, Alar Kotli...[jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

23 ill.; fotod: Andres Teiss; autorid: H. Johanson, E. Habermann, saaliavade ja aknapõskede kujundamisel oli abiks J. Koort; 1935. a. rajati A. Kotli projekti järgi lossi lõunatiib; valge saal rekonstrueeriti 1936. a. A. Perna ja J. Ostrati kavandite järgi; Eesti taasiseseisvumise järel on hoonet M. Kalmu, L. Pärtelpoja, M. ja K. Kurismaa ning Ü. Saare juhendamisel renoveeritud; Riigikogu esimehe kabineti vaiba (1938) kavandas Adamson-Eric, kontorimööbli kujundasid 1997. a. EKA sisearhitektuuri üliõpilased L. Pärtelpoja juhendamisel

Oskusteabe tarbekunsti-tiritamm / Lylian Meister

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Meister, Lylian, 1966-

2009-01-01

Tallinna 5. rakenduskunsti triennaalist. Peanäitus "Know how" Eesti Tarbekunsti- ja Disainimuuseumis kuni 21. 02. 2010 (kuraator Kärt Maran, kujundajad: Ott Kadarik, Tuuli Aule). Kolm võrdset preemiat said Marta Boan (Hispaania), autorite kollektiiv Jaan Evart (Eesti), Julian Hagen (Austria) ja Daniel Maarleveld (Holland) ning Kieren Jones (Suurbritannia). Satelliitnäitused: "EKA Know How. See on imelihtne?" (kuraatorid: Eeva Käsper, Tiina Sarapu) Eesti Kunstiakadeemia galeriis 12. 11.-10. 12. 2009, "Praktiline Kunst ja Kodu" (kuraator Kai Lobjakas, kujundaja Mikk Heinsoo) Hobusepea galeriis 14.-23. 11. 2009

Eesti disaini uudised / Kai Lobjakas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lobjakas, Kai, 1975-

2006-01-01

Eesti Kunstiakadeemia üliõpilaste Kadri Kruus-Laurimaa kott-jope, Riho Tiiveli lusikas "Spoon container" ja Ülle Jehe sisustuspadjad "Roll it!" valiti Prantsusmaal toimunud rahvusvahelisel kunsti-ja disainikõrgkoolide võrgustiku CUMULUS konkursil "European Ways of Life" nominentide hulka. EKA sisearhitektuuri eriala üliõpilaste toolide hindamisest. Mari Adamsoni nimelise noore tekstiilikunstniku preemia pälvis Kadri Klampe. Eesti Ajaloomuuseumis Maarjamäe lossis avatud moenäitusest "Paula, sul on poisipea!", mille koostas Helle Avila, konsulteeris Anu Ojavee, kujundasid Krista Lepland ja Malle Jürgenson büroost Laika, Belka ja Strelka

Determination of ''2''1''0Po in fertilizers by electrochemical deposition method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oezalp, N.; Sac, M.; Tanbay, A.; Yener, G.

2001-01-01

In this study, activities of radioactive polonium and natural radionuclide concentrations in fertilizer most consumed in agricultural lands in Turkey were measured. Fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium increase yield and quality. But, they contain some radionuclides. These radionuclides dissolve in water and first transport into plants and then transport from plants to humans. In the latest years, artificial fertilizing has replaced natural fertilizing in agriculture. Therefore, fruits and vegetables contain radionuclides those are found in artificial fertilizers. In this study, electrochemical deposition technique with alpha counting method was used for determining the radioactivity level of polonium in fertilizers. Radium, potassium and thorium concentrations were measured by gamma spectrometry. TSP, MAP, DSP,MKP, (15-15-15), (18-18-18), (20-20-20) compost fertilizers consumed at most has been analyzed and the results were evaluated with respect to human health

Radium 226 and uranium isotopes simultaneously determination in water samples using liquid scintillation counter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Masri, M.S.; Al-Akel, B.; Saaid, S.; Nashawati, A.

2007-04-01

In this work a method has been developed to determine simultaneously Radium 226 and Uranium isotopes in water samples by low back ground Liquid Scintillation Counter. Radium 226 was determined by its progeny Polonium 214 after one month of sample storage in order to achieve the equilibrium between Radium 226 and Polonium 214. Uranium isotopes were determined by subtracting Radium 226 activity from total alpha activity. The method detection limits were 0.049 Bq/L and 0.176 Bq/L for Radium 226 and Uranium isotopes respectively. The repeatability limits were ± 0.32 Bq/L and ± 0.9 Bq/L for Radium 226 and Uranium isotopes respectively. While relative errors were % 9.5 and %18.2 for Radium 226 and Uranium isotopes respectively. On the other hand, the report presented the results of different standard and natural samples.(author)

Residential radon daughter monitor based on alpha spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nazaroff, W.W.

1980-05-01

The radioactive daughters of radon-222 pose a serious indoor air quality problem in some circumstances. A technique for measuring the concentrations of these radioisotopes in air is presented. The method involves drawing air through a filter; then, for two time intervals after sampling, counting the alpha decays from polonium-218 and polonium-214 on the filter. The time intervals are optimized to yield the maximum resolution between the individual daughter concentrations. For a total measurement time of 50 minutes, individual daughter concentrations of 1.0 nanocuries per cubic meter are measured with an uncertainty of 20%. A prototype of a field monitor based on this technique is described, as is a field test in which the prototype was used to measure radon daughter concentrations as a function of ventilation conditions in an energy-efficient house

20. VI avatakse EKA galeriis rahvusvaheline fotonäitus "Fragile Distance"

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Kuraatorid David Bate, Eve Kiiler. Osalevad Londonis elavad ja töötavad fotograafid Denny Robson, Adam Green, Michelle Atherton (Inglismaa), Eva Riegler (Austria), Andreas Hablutzel (Šveits), Angeliki Douveri, Stella Baraklianou (Kreeka), Simona Dell'Agli (Itaalia)

Some elements go cubic under pressure

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Legut, Dominik

2007-01-01

Roč. 60, č. 10 (2007), s. 17-17 ISSN 0031-9228 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20410507 Keywords : ab initio * polonium * cubic structure Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 5.133, year: 2007

Polonioum 210 levels in urine of different groups of italian population

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mancini, L.; Renzetti, A.; Santori, G.

1984-01-01

Samples of urine obtained from different groups of the italian population has been analized to determine the content of polonium-210. The analysis has been carried out with samples from people with high probability of exposure to radon and hits daughters

Natural radioactivity in private wells in Finland. A representative survey 2001

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vesterbacka, P.; Maekelaeinen, I.; Arvela, H.; Tarvainen, T.; Hatakka, T.

2004-05-01

The goal of this study was to obtain a representative estimate on concentration of natural radionuclides in private well water and the radiation exposure from drinking water of people living outside public water supply in Finland. According to earlier studies, the number of private well users in Finland is about 10% of the population. Nonetheless, this group receives more than half of the collective radiation dose due to natural radioactivity in drinking water. In a random sampling study 2,000 persons, not using a public water supply as their drinking water according to the Population Register Centre were selected to the survey. Among subjects who gave their consent, about 500 private well users were selected in the study. Activity concentration of radon ( 222 Rn), radium ( 226 Ra), uranium ( 238 U and 234 U), lead ( 210 Pb) and polonium ( 210 Po), and mass concentration of uranium were determined from 288 drilled wells and 184 wells dug in soil. The concentrations of natural radionuclides were several times higher in drilled wells than in wells dug in soil. The average radon concentration in drilled wells was 460 Bq/l and in dug wells 50 Bq/l. The highest concentrations were found in Southern Finland, in Uusimaa region, and in South-Western Finland. Additionally, occasional high concentrations were found all over Finland. The average uranium concentration in drilled wells was 21 μg/l and in dug wells 1 μg/l. Spatial distribution of uranium was essentially similar to that of radon. The average radium concentration in drilled wells was 0.05 Bq/l and in dug wells 0.02 Bq/l. Unlike radon and uranium, the highest radium concentrations were found in coastal area. The average lead concentration in drilled wells was 0.040 Bq/l and in dug wells 0.013 Bq/l and the average polonium concentration 0.048 Bq/l and 0.007 Bq/l, respectively. Spatial distributions of lead and polonium were similar to that of radon. The average annual effective dose from natural radionuclides for

Removal of radionuclides from household water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vesterbacka, P.; Turtiainen, T.; Haemaelaeinen, K.; Salonen, L.; Arvela, H.

2007-02-01

Research upon methods for removing radionuclides from household water was initiated in Finland in 1995. Three research projects, of which two were carried out with National Technology Agency of Finland and one with CEC, have been completed by the end of 2002. One of the main objectives of the research was to compose a guidebook for consumers and water treatment companies. Radon can be removed from household water by aeration and by activated carbon filtration. Aerators that are well designed and set up can remove over 90% of waterborne radon. The best aerators have achieved removal efficiencies that are nearly 100%. However, setting up an aeration system requires thorough planning. Also, activated carbon filtration removes radon efficiently. The removal efficiencies have been over 90%, often nearly 100%. Depending on the water quality and usage, the carbon batch inside the filter needs to be changed every 2 - 3 years. Since activated carbon filters emit gamma radiation while in use, they should not be installed inside the dwelling but in a separate building or by the well. It is recommended that uranium be removed from drinking water by anion exchange, which is the most efficient removal method for this purpose. Typically, the removal efficiencies are nearly 100%. The one exception is the so called tap filter, the removal efficiency of which depends on uranium concentration in raw water and the rate of water flow. High saline concentration in water may extricate uranium from ion exchange resin. Changes in plumbing pressure or pH-value do not have any significant influence in uranium retention. Removal efficiencies of lead and polonium vary a lot depending on the chemical form in which they occur in water. They can be reliably removed from water by reverse osmosis only. Other treatment methods, such as ion exchange and activated carbon filtration, remove lead and polonium partly. Lead and polonium are removed more efficiently when they are bound onto smaller

Removal of radionuclides from household water; Metoder foer avlaegsnande av radionuklider fraan hushaallsvatten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vesterbacka, P.; Turtiainen, T.; Haemaelaeinen, K.; Salonen, L.; Arvela, H.

2007-02-15

Research upon methods for removing radionuclides from household water was initiated in Finland in 1995. Three research projects, of which two were carried out with National Technology Agency of Finland and one with CEC, have been completed by the end of 2002. One of the main objectives of the research was to compose a guidebook for consumers and water treatment companies. Radon can be removed from household water by aeration and by activated carbon filtration. Aerators that are well designed and set up can remove over 90% of waterborne radon. The best aerators have achieved removal efficiencies that are nearly 100%. However, setting up an aeration system requires thorough planning. Also, activated carbon filtration removes radon efficiently. The removal efficiencies have been over 90%, often nearly 100%. Depending on the water quality and usage, the carbon batch inside the filter needs to be changed every 2 - 3 years. Since activated carbon filters emit gamma radiation while in use, they should not be installed inside the dwelling but in a separate building or by the well. It is recommended that uranium be removed from drinking water by anion exchange, which is the most efficient removal method for this purpose. Typically, the removal efficiencies are nearly 100%. The one exception is the so called tap filter, the removal efficiency of which depends on uranium concentration in raw water and the rate of water flow. High saline concentration in water may extricate uranium from ion exchange resin. Changes in plumbing pressure or pH-value do not have any significant influence in uranium retention. Removal efficiencies of lead and polonium vary a lot depending on the chemical form in which they occur in water. They can be reliably removed from water by reverse osmosis only. Other treatment methods, such as ion exchange and activated carbon filtration, remove lead and polonium partly. Lead and polonium are removed more efficiently when they are bound onto smaller

Analysis of natural radionuclides and lead in foods and diets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bueno, Luciana

1999-01-01

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the lead-210, polonium-210 and lead concentrations in foods and diets. Consumption of food is generally the main route by which radionuclides can enter the human organism. Precision and accuracy of the methods developed were verifies by the analysis of reference materials from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The method for polonium-210 analysis consisted of sample dissolution by using a microwave digester (open system) employing concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, evaporation almost dryness, addition of hydrochloric acid, polonium deposition onto silver disc for six hours and counting by alpha spectrometry. Lead was analysed by atomic absorption technique. After sample dissolution in a microwave digester (using concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide) and dilution to 50 ml, 20μl of the sample was injected in a pyrolytic graphite furnace - atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman background correction. The assessment of the contaminants in foods and diets allowed to estimate the intake of these elements and for the radionuclides were also evaluated the radiation doses that the individuals selected were exposed by the food consumption. The effective dose for lead-210 by diets intake ranged from 1.3 to 4.3 μSv/year, corresponding to 25% of the resulting from polonium-210 intake. The dose due to the both natural radionuclides varied from 6.8 to 23.0 μSv/year. These values are in good agreement with the literature data. The value estimated by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 1993) that is 60 μSv and lower than the dose of 0.02 Sv, limit established by ICRP, 1980. The lead levels found in the majority of the Brazilian foods are in good agreement with the values published by CONAT and FAO/WHO. However, some foods such as bean, potato, papaya, apple and rice present levels above of the recommended values by the Public

Analysis of natural radionuclides and lead in foods and diets; Analise de radionuclideos naturais e chumbo em produtos alimenticios e dietas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bueno, Luciana

1999-07-01

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the lead-210, polonium-210 and lead concentrations in foods and diets. Consumption of food is generally the main route by which radionuclides can enter the human organism. Precision and accuracy of the methods developed were verifies by the analysis of reference materials from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The method for polonium-210 analysis consisted of sample dissolution by using a microwave digester (open system) employing concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, evaporation almost dryness, addition of hydrochloric acid, polonium deposition onto silver disc for six hours and counting by alpha spectrometry. Lead was analysed by atomic absorption technique. After sample dissolution in a microwave digester (using concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide) and dilution to 50 ml, 20{mu}l of the sample was injected in a pyrolytic graphite furnace - atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman background correction. The assessment of the contaminants in foods and diets allowed to estimate the intake of these elements and for the radionuclides were also evaluated the radiation doses that the individuals selected were exposed by the food consumption. The effective dose for lead-210 by diets intake ranged from 1.3 to 4.3 {mu}Sv/year, corresponding to 25% of the resulting from polonium-210 intake. The dose due to the both natural radionuclides varied from 6.8 to 23.0 {mu}Sv/year. These values are in good agreement with the literature data. The value estimated by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 1993) that is 60 {mu}Sv and lower than the dose of 0.02 Sv, limit established by ICRP, 1980. The lead levels found in the majority of the Brazilian foods are in good agreement with the values published by CONAT and FAO/WHO. However, some foods such as bean, potato, papaya, apple and rice present levels above of the recommended values by the

Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests

Science.gov (United States)

2007-01-18

polonium 210 from Moscow, through Germany, to London, apparently carried by one of the Russians Litvinenko met November 1. Russian authorities deny...Russia’s needs — food and food processing, oil and gas extraction technology, computers, communications, transportation, and investment capital — are

Study of distribution of 210Po and 210Pb in the environmental matrices of Chikmagalur, Karnataka, India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jayasheelan, A.; Sannappa, J.; Umeshareddy, K.; Ningappa, C.; Manjunatha, S.

2013-01-01

Polonium-210 and lead-210 are amongst the more radiotoxic nuclides and their concentration in soil and drinking water is very important from a radiological point of view. 210 Po is produced from the decay of 222 Rn gas in the atmosphere from which it is deposited on the earth's surface. 210 Po and 210 Pb in natural environment provide considerable radiation exposure to humans. In the present study, the concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb in the environment of Tumkur were studied. Soil and water samples were collected from ten Taluks of Tumkur and 210 Po and 210 Pb were determined by wet ashing method. Samples containing polonium was digested using conc. nitric acid and later converted into chloride medium with HCL. Polonium is deposited on the surface of the silver planchet and the activity on both sides were counted in a low background alpha counting system. The sample solution after estimation of 210 Po was preserved for 6-8 months for sufficient growth of 210 Po from 210 Pb. Then the 210 Po was re-estimated to determine the 210 Pb concentration by knowing its growth factor. The concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb in soils of different Taluks varied from 13.6 BqKg -1 and 26.8 to 113.4 BqKg -1 respectively. The concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb in water was low compared to soil, they varied 0.12 Bql -1 to 0.54 Bql -1 and 0.42 Bql -1 to 1.12 Bql -1 . (author)

Onset of deformation in polonium nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Younes, W.; Cizewski, J.A. [Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ (United States)

1996-12-31

The authors have been able to reproduce the systematics of the positive-parity states in {sup 192-208}Po within the framework of the Particle-Core Model. The wave-functions of the 2{sup +}{sub 1} states have been extracted using the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation. The increase in the collective motion of the lighter isotopes comes from the increased proton-neutron interaction when the neutrons and protons both occupy high-j orbitals.

Värvikas Riigikogu / Lylian Meister

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Meister, Lylian, 1966-

2007-01-01

1920-1922 Herbert Johansoni ja Eugen Habermanni projekti järgi ehitatud Riigikogu hoonest. Saaliavade ja aknapõskede kujundamisel oli abiks Jaan Koort. 1935. a. rajati Alar Kotli projekti järgi lossi lõunatiib.Valge saal rekonstrueeriti 1936. a. Artur Perna ja Johann Ostrati kavandite järgi. Eesti taasiseseisvumise järel on hoonet Mart Kalmu, Leila Pärtelpoja, Mari ja Kaarel Kurismaa ning Ülar Saare juhendamisel renoveeritud. Riigikogu esimehe kabineti vaiba (1938) kavandas Adamson-Eric, kontorimööbli kujundasid 1997. a. EKA sisearhitektuuri üliõpilased L. Pärtelpoja juhendamisel. 23 ill

Predatory Pricing: Persaingan Harga Minimarket dan Gadde-Gadde dalam Metafora Cerpen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andi Sri Wahyuni

2015-08-01

Full Text Available This article is aimed to explore the determination of agressive cost of product (predatory pricing used by minimarket. Short story metaphor by Eka Kurniawan, “Kisah Seorang Kawan” as methodology. The “father” figure in this story has similiar condition with enterpreneur of gadde-gadde. The story begins with the attendant of “the rich merchant” who represent the arrival of minimarket in housing area at Makassar. Through the short story, strategy of predatory pricing could attract customer to move from gadde-gadde to minimarket. Finally, these changes could diminish small businesses which are become the primary economic sector.

The Technologies and Principles Needed for the Powering of Remote Nodes in an Interoperability Network

Science.gov (United States)

2009-03-01

utilizing a radioisotope, polonium - 210 , the advent of a practical use TEG launched the development and array of applications for such devices. Rapidly...need for communications is often as necessary as the basic need for food and shelter. Over the past decade, we have witnessed and experienced

Teaching Nuclear Radiation and the Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko

Science.gov (United States)

Lapp, David R.

2008-03-01

The recent international story about the death of the former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko has more than just a few wondering about radiation poisoning and the sinister sounding polonium-210. I was preparing to begin a nuclear radiation unit the Monday after Thanksgiving 2006. As it turned out, Litvinenko died Thanksgiving Day after a short and terrible three-week illness. Having the story continue to unfold throughout the next two weeks of the new unit provided a daily opportunity for students to see the relevance of what we were doing in class. My students were able to have meaningful and informed conversations with their peers and parents over an important international event. They even began to feel a bit like authorities themselves when listening to experts respond to media questions about polonium-210 and nuclear radiation in general. This paper discusses some of the ways that the story of Litvinenko was used while presenting the topic of nuclear radiation.

Source of gross-alpha radioactivity anomalies in recharge wells, central Florida phosphate district. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oural, C.R.; Brooker, H.R.; Upchurch, S.B.

1986-01-01

The central Florida phosphate industry utilizes recharge wells to mitigate withdrawals of water from the Florida aquifer and to dewater the surficial aquifer prior to mining. From a water-management point of view, these wells are efficient and serve a vital function. Recent monitoring of the radiation environment in these wells, however, casts doubts on the safety of the wells. While most of the wells conform to state and federal standards for radium, gross-alpha radiation frequently exceeds standards. The purpose of the study was to determine the radionuclide(s) responsible for the high gross-alpha radiation and to identify a method for sampling of the recharge wells that would standardize data across the phosphate district. It was found that excess gross alpha is primarily due to polonium-210. Since gross alpha and polonium-210 measurements are quite sensitive to methods of sample collections, preservation and analyses, standard procedures for sample processing are presented in the report

Radiochemical determination of 210 Po in tobacco and farm food

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, K. H.; Lee, H. P.; Cho, Y. H.; Choi, G. S.; Kim, C. K.; Lee, C. W.

2002-01-01

A method for measuring 210 Po in tobacco (cigarette and leaf) and farm food has been studied by alpha- spectrometry. Polonium was separated from HCl solution in the presence of other radionuclides and ascorbic acid (reduction of Fe 3+ ) by spontaneous deposition onto a silver disc. To determine the optimum conditions for plating polonium on a disc, the effects of reducing agent, plating time etc. were investigated. In the method, the samples are spiked with 208 Po (or 209 Po) as a chemical yield tracer. Because the main sources of 210 Po in the human body are food and cigarette smoke, this procedure to determine 210 Po has been applied to tobacco and farm food samples. Analyses of 210 Po in tobacco leaves and farm food samples using this method are in progress. The concentrations of 210 Po in cigarettes were ranged from 17 to 21 mBq/g and compared with published data on this natural radionuclide

Sequential determination of U and Th isotopes, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, and 210Po in mushroom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, Mychelle M.L.; Taddei, Maria Helena T.; Dias, Fabiana F.; Maihara, Vera A.

2009-01-01

For this study, mushroom samples were collected in Brazil at the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region and at the Pocos de Caldas Plateau (PC; a region of elevated natural radioactivity, which houses the first Brazilian uranium mine). This paper discusses a sequential methodology to determine natural series radionuclides in mushrooms, such as uranium ( 238 U and 234 U) and thorium ( 232 Th, 230 Th, and 228 Th) isotopes, radium-226, radium-228, as well as lead-210 and polonium-210; using Alpha Spectrometry, Gamma Spectrometry, and Total Alpha and Beta Counting. The method involves total sample dissolution in a closed system in order to avoid loss of Polonium and employment of specific chromatographic resins for radionuclide purification. A subsequent interpretation of the results can provide information on pollutants present in mushrooms and infer possible contamination in the areas sampled as well as allow an association of measured concentrations to radioactive anomalies in the Plateau. (author)

77 FR 20034 - Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke; Established List

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-03

...]pyridine). Polonium-210 CA Propionaldehyde RT, CT Propylene oxide CA, RT Quinoline CA Selenium RT Styrene... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2012-N-0143... AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice; establishment of a list. SUMMARY: The Food and...

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN TERPADU EKOWISATA DI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA, BEDUGUL, BALI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muntadliroh Muntadliroh

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Ecotourism of Bali Botanical Garden, Bedugul, Tabanana Regency, Bali, has been able to increase the number of visitors from time to time though it is still far from the optimum level. In 2010-2011 the number of visitors at Bali Botanical Gardens was counted for 368.927 people. Based on the data, visitors interest to visit Bali Botanical Garden are still low. Facing this problem, integrated marketing communication strategy is needed.This paper discusses implementation of integrated marketing communication concept created by Philip Kotler to the market ecotourism at Bali Botanical Garden, by using case study for qualitative research.The results of this analysis show that implementing this concept made a better relationship between Bali Botanical Garden and its visitors, also increasing quantity of its visitors.

Exposure to radionuclides in smoke from vegetation fires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, Fernando P.; Oliveira, João M.; Malta, Margarida

2014-01-01

Naturally occurring radionuclides of uranium, thorium, radium, lead and polonium were determined in bushes and trees and in the smoke from summer forest fires. Activity concentrations of radionuclides in smoke particles were much enriched when compared to original vegetation. Polonium-210 ( 210 Po) in smoke was measured in concentrations much higher than all other radionuclides, reaching 7255 ± 285 Bq kg −1 , mostly associated with the smaller size smoke particles ( 210 Po in surface air near forest fires displayed volume concentrations up to 70 mBq m −3 , while in smoke-free air 210 Po concentration was about 30 μBq m −3 . The estimated absorbed radiation dose to an adult member of the public or a firefighter exposed for 24 h to inhalation of smoke near forest fires could exceed 5 μSv per day, i.e, more than 2000 times above the radiation dose from background radioactivity in surface air, and also higher than the radiation dose from 210 Po inhalation in a chronic cigarette smoker. It is concluded that prolonged exposure to smoke allows for enhanced inhalation of radionuclides associated with smoke particles. Due to high radiotoxicity of alpha emitting radionuclides, and in particular of 210 Po, the protection of respiratory tract of fire fighters is strongly recommended. - Highlights: • Natural radionuclides in vegetation are in low concentrations. • Forest fires release natural radionuclides from vegetation and concentrate them in inhalable ash particles. • Prolonged inhalation of smoke from forest fires gives rise enhanced radiation exposure of lungs especially due to polonium. • Respiratory protection of fire fighters and members of public is highly recommended for radioprotection reasons

210Po in cigarette and the radiation dose inhaled by smoker

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xin; Chen Xingan; Pan Yingdong

2000-01-01

The contents of Polonium-210 in 16 brands of cigarettes from China and 4 brands of cigarettes from abroad were reported. The method that the authors used for separating Polonium-210 was electrochemical deposition method. The 210 Po contents were analyzed in whole cigarettes from freshly opened packs. The 210 Po contents of the China-made cigarettes ranged from 13.7 to 43.4 mBq/cig, from 18.0 to 67.3 mBq/g respectively, the mean values were 26.5 mBq/cig and 33.7 mBq/g respectively. The content of 210 Po in cigarettes from China is higher than that from abroad. The polonium contents of the ash, butt and main stream smoke were reported. The cigarettes were smoked with the eight-channel smoking machine for determining the concentration of the radionuclides in main stream smoke. ('Main Stream' means smoke taken into the mouth). About 15% of 210 Po contained in a cigarette was transferred into the main stream smoke, 40% of the whole 210 Po content remained in the ash and butt for filter cigarette, 60% for non-filter. The daily intake of the 210 Po from cigarette was 80 mBq, the annual dose equivalent to the lung tissue of human body was 0.46 mSv. In view of present knowledge, it is improbable that this dose is significant for the higher incidence of lung tissue of human body was 0.46 mSv. In view of present knowledge, it is improbable that this dose is significant for the higher incidence of lung cancer in smokers

Removal of radionuclides from household water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vesterbacka, P.; Turtiainen, T.; Haemaelaeinen, K.; Salonen, L.; Arvela, H.

2003-10-01

Research upon methods for removing radionuclides from household water was initiated in Finland in 1995. Three research projects, of which two were carried out with National Technology Agency of Finland and one with CEC, have been completed by the end of 2002. One of the main objectives of the research was to compose a guidebook for consumers and water treatment companies. Radon can be removed from household water by aeration and by activated carbon filtration. Aerators that are well designed and set up can remove over 90% of waterborne radon. The best aerators have achieved removal efficiencies that are nearly 100%. However, setting up an aeration system requires thorough planning. Also, activated carbon filtration removes radon efficiently. The removal efficiencies have been over 90%, often nearly 100%. Depending on the water quality and usage, the carbon batch inside the filter needs to be changed every 2-3 years. Since activated carbon filters emit gamma radiation while in use, they should not be installed inside the dwelling but in a separate building or by the well. It is recommended that uranium be removed from drinking water by anion exchange, which is the most efficient removal method for this purpose. Typically, the removal efficiencies are nearly 100%. The one exception is the so called tap filter, the removal efficiency of which depends on uranium concentration in raw water and the rate of water flow. High saline concentration in water may extricate uranium from ion exchange resin. Changes in plumbing pressure or pH-value do not have any significant influence in uranium retention. Removal efficiencies of lead and polonium vary a lot depending on the chemical form in which they occur in water. They can be reliably removed from water by reverse osmosis only. Other treatment methods, such as ion exchange and activated carbon filtration, remove lead and polonium partly. Lead and polonium are removed more efficiently when they are bound onto smaller particles

On the optimization of thorium bundle distribution in the initial core loading for a PHWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mishra, S.; Ray, S.; Kumar, A.N.; Modak, R.S.; Ganesan, S.

2009-01-01

If the initial core of Indian 220 MWe PHWR is loaded with all fresh Natural Uranium fuel, only about 70% Full Power can be drawn in the initial operation due to large power peaking. It is possible to load few tens of Th bundles at selected locations to get nearly full power without violating any safety limits. Finding the best possible locations is, however, a fairly complex and massive combinatorial optimization problem. Here, optimum solutions are obtained by a latest evolutionary algorithm called EDA implemented on the EKA built at Computational Research Laboratories (CRL) in Pune. The effect of varying the number of Th bundles on results is discussed. (author)

Sisearhitektide Liit premeeris / Triin Ojari

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojari, Triin, 1974-

2004-01-01

ESL aastapreemiad 2003: parima ajaloolise interjööri ja parima kodu preemia - Leila Pärtelpoja ja Karl-Erik Tarbe kujundatud Villa Tannenrode Lükati teel Tallinnas, parim ühiskondlik interjöör - 3+1 arhitektide (Markus Kaasik, Andres Ojari, Ilmar Valdur, kaasautorid Ralf Lõoke, Kalle Komissarov; söögikoha tegi Taavi Aunre ja ühiskondliku mööbli Gert Sarv) kujundatud Mustamäe keskus, publitsistikapreemia - EKA sisearhitektuuri kateedri kataloog "Eesti Kunstiakadeemia sisearhitektuuri osakond 2002-2003". Ära märgiti kaks tooteseeriat: EGO garderoobid (EGO Mööbel OÜ) ning Jan J. Grapsi loodud "Incognito" mööblisari

Improved optimum condition for recovery and measurement of 210 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for deposition of 210Po and evaluate the accuracy and precision of the results for its determination in environmental samples. To improve the technique for measurement of polonium-210(210Po) in environmental samples. The optimization of five factors (volume ...

76 FR 50226 - Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke; Request for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-12

... Nornicotine AD Phenol RT, CT PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6- CA phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine). Polonium-210 CA... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0271... AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice; request for comments. SUMMARY: The Food and...

Speciation and behavior of 210Po and 210Pb in the riverine ecosystem of Hemavathi, a major river of south India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Narayana, Y.; Kaliprasad, C.S.

2016-01-01

The human population is exposed to natural background radiation that is contributed by cosmic rays and terrestrial radioactivity, which derive essentially from 238 'U and 232 Th series. In 238 U series, 210 Po and 210 Pb are the final decay products and are extensively present in the environment. About 8% of human population is exposed to the natural radiation contributed by 210 Po and 211 Pb. The main natural source of Polonium in soil is radioactive decay product of 238 U chain or the atmospheric fallout of radon decay products. 210 Po is an alpha emitter (5.3 MeV) with a half-life 138.4 days and has a high radiotoxicity. Therefore 210 Po causes considerably greater biological damage compared to beta emitter 210 Pb. Therefore, it is important to study the concentration of polonium in the aquatic environment. In uranium series, the total effective dose contributed by 222 Rn, 210 Po, 210 Pb and 226 Ra through ground water drinking pathway is 99.75% and all other radionuclides including 238 U contributing only 0.25%. In riverine environment, radionuclides are widely dispersed and their accumulation is influenced by physical, biological and chemical process. In order to understand the behavior of polonium in environment, it is important to analyze the influence of physico chemical parameters like pH, organic matter and granulometric content in soil and sediment. Published data on 210 Po and 210 Pb in aquatic environs are sparse. The present study forms the part of the detailed investigation on the speciation and behavior of these radionuclides in the riverine environment. The paper discusses the detailed studies on the behavior of 210 Po and 211 Pb in soil and sediment samples in the Hemavathi river environment

Exposure to radionuclides in smoke from vegetation fires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carvalho, Fernando P., E-mail: carvalho@itn.pt; Oliveira, João M.; Malta, Margarida

2014-02-01

Naturally occurring radionuclides of uranium, thorium, radium, lead and polonium were determined in bushes and trees and in the smoke from summer forest fires. Activity concentrations of radionuclides in smoke particles were much enriched when compared to original vegetation. Polonium-210 ({sup 210}Po) in smoke was measured in concentrations much higher than all other radionuclides, reaching 7255 ± 285 Bq kg{sup −1}, mostly associated with the smaller size smoke particles (< 1.0 μm). Depending on smoke particle concentration, {sup 210}Po in surface air near forest fires displayed volume concentrations up to 70 mBq m{sup −3}, while in smoke-free air {sup 210}Po concentration was about 30 μBq m{sup −3}. The estimated absorbed radiation dose to an adult member of the public or a firefighter exposed for 24 h to inhalation of smoke near forest fires could exceed 5 μSv per day, i.e, more than 2000 times above the radiation dose from background radioactivity in surface air, and also higher than the radiation dose from {sup 210}Po inhalation in a chronic cigarette smoker. It is concluded that prolonged exposure to smoke allows for enhanced inhalation of radionuclides associated with smoke particles. Due to high radiotoxicity of alpha emitting radionuclides, and in particular of {sup 210}Po, the protection of respiratory tract of fire fighters is strongly recommended. - Highlights: • Natural radionuclides in vegetation are in low concentrations. • Forest fires release natural radionuclides from vegetation and concentrate them in inhalable ash particles. • Prolonged inhalation of smoke from forest fires gives rise enhanced radiation exposure of lungs especially due to polonium. • Respiratory protection of fire fighters and members of public is highly recommended for radioprotection reasons.

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-31

Radium 226 Page 34 Nitrogen mustard (HN) Lassa Polonium 210 Phosgene oxime (CX) Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) ( Food Poisoning...sample preparation. Diverse solid or liquid samples including environmental, biological, geological, industrial, forensic, food , thin coatings...Thallium 201 Hydrogen cyanide (AC) FUNGI Thorium 232 Cyanogen chloride (CK) Aflatoxin Lead 210 Arsine (SA) Bacillus Sodium 22

Internal dose estimates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wrenn, M.E.

1977-01-01

Internal doses, the procedures for making them and their significance has been reviewed. Effects of uranium, radium, lead-210, polonium-210, thorium in man are analysed based on data from tables and plots. Dosimetry of some ingested nuclides and inhalation dose due to radon-222, radon-220 and their daugther products are discussed [pt

The environmental behaviour of radium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheppard, M.I.

1980-09-01

Radium-226 and its daughter, radon-222, an inert gas, are important members of the uranium decay series as far as human exposure is concerned. Radon diffuses from rocks, soil and water into the atmosphere, and its daughter products polonium-218 and polonium-214 can be retained in the lungs. Radium and radon are contained in emissions from fossil fuel plants, fertilizers, natural gas, building materials and uranium ore. To assess the impact of man's use, intentional or not, of radium and its daughters, we must know their physical, chemical and biological behaviour. This report examines the literature pertinent to the natural levels of radium found in rock, soil, water and plants. Information concerning radium is integrated from several disciplines. The radiological properties and chemistry of radium, and radium-soil interactions are discussed as well as the soil distribution coefficient and the mode of soil transport of radium. Plant transfer coefficients for radium and methods of analysis and measurement are given. A list of topics requiring further research concludes the report. (auth)

Investigations of radon and radon daughters in surficial aquifers of florida

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-05-01

The principal purpose of the investigation was to test the hypothesis that radon soil flux, considered the principal source of indoor radon contamination, has an underlying relationship to the radon content of associated shallow groundwaters. The working hypothesis was that radon build-up in both soil and shallow groundwater is basically a consequence of the same factor, radon emanation from soil grains and the solid surfaces of the aquifers. Groundwater may be advantageous as an indicator of radon potential. Another object of the project was to investigate temporal and spatial trends of radon daughter products in shallow aquifers. After analyzing all of the radon soil, flux, and groundwater measurements made over the two-year study period, it is clear that while there is no direct relationship between either radon soil concentration or flux and groundwater radon. Measurements in wells where polonium is present at very high concentrations have shown that 210Po is largely unsupported by its radioactive predecessor, and that polonium is considerably more variable, in both space and time than other parameters measured in the same wells, including radon

The Litvinenko 210polonium case. German experiences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kroeger, Emily Alice

2009-01-01

The high scientific standards of the BfS were necessary in order to characterize and evaluate the low activities of 210 Po found during the deployment in Hamburg. The evaluation of the measurements enabled the BfS to offer effective radiation protection advice and to assist the police investigation. The majority of the 210 Po traces were found in places that had been in skin contact with Kovtun, leading to the conclusion that Kovtun had most probably incorporated 210 Po before his visit to Hamburg in October 2006. As yet, no formal charges have been brought by the German authorities against Kovtun and the costs of the operation remain under discussion. Strategies to improve the internal and external deployment communication of the ZUB are being developed and implemented to deal with both the real and the perceived threats that occur during such an incident. Open communication from the onset of a deployment is essential, both between the institutions involved and between deployment leaders and the press. This will save precious time and resources, lower anxiety in the public and emergency workers and could, in a culture of trust where radiation protection advice is listened to and followed, ultimately save lives. (orig.)

Polonium-210 as Weapon for Mass Destruction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koteng, A.O.

2010-01-01

Properties of Po-210 make it possible for its use as weapon of mass destruction. Po-210 occurs naturally in minute quantities in the human body, in Uranium ore (< 0.1 mg Po-210 / ton ) and as a product of Radon-222 gas decay chain. Po-210 also occurs as deposition on vegetation (tobacco leaves). Po-210 is produced by bombardment of Bi-209 with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. Russia produces 8 grams per year for export to USA market

Polonium-210 in Euphauslids: A Detailed Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyraud, M.; Fowler, S. W.; Beasley, T. M.; Cherry, R. D.

1976-07-01

A detailed study of {sup 210}Po, the predominant alpha-emitting nuclide found in most marine organisms, has been undertaken in a particular zooplanktonic species, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica. The purpose was to obtain information concerning the origin, the localization and the flux of the nuclide in and through this organism. Measurements of {sup 210}Po were made in euphausiids of different sizes, in dissected organs and tissues, and in excretion products. The results show higher concentrations in the smaller specimens; this fact cannot be explained on the basis of surface adsorption, but is probably related to the ingestion of food. Dissection results show that the distribution of {sup 210}Po in euphausiids is not homogeneous, but that the majority is concentrated in the internal organs, the alimentary tract and the hepatopancreas in particular. The natural radiation dose received by these organs is in consequence much higher than that received by the whole animal. Use of a dynamic model allowed the flux of {sup 210}Po through M. norvegica to be calculated. The calculations confirm that food is the principal sauce of {sup 210}Po for this species, and clearly show that fecal pellets constitute the major elimination route. Extrapolation of the data to zooplankton in general leads to the conclusion that zooplankton metabolic activity plays an important role in transporting {sup 210}Po from the surface layers of the ocean to depth. (author)

Polonium-210 in Euphauslids: A Detailed Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heyraud, M.; Fowler, S.W.; Beasley, T.M.; Cherry, R.D.

1976-01-01

A detailed study of 210 Po, the predominant alpha-emitting nuclide found in most marine organisms, has been undertaken in a particular zooplanktonic species, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica. The purpose was to obtain information concerning the origin, the localization and the flux of the nuclide in and through this organism. Measurements of 210 Po were made in euphausiids of different sizes, in dissected organs and tissues, and in excretion products. The results show higher concentrations in the smaller specimens; this fact cannot be explained on the basis of surface adsorption, but is probably related to the ingestion of food. Dissection results show that the distribution of 210 Po in euphausiids is not homogeneous, but that the majority is concentrated in the internal organs, the alimentary tract and the hepatopancreas in particular. The natural radiation dose received by these organs is in consequence much higher than that received by the whole animal. Use of a dynamic model allowed the flux of 210 Po through M. norvegica to be calculated. The calculations confirm that food is the principal sauce of 210 Po for this species, and clearly show that fecal pellets constitute the major elimination route. Extrapolation of the data to zooplankton in general leads to the conclusion that zooplankton metabolic activity plays an important role in transporting 210 Po from the surface layers of the ocean to depth. (author)

Polonium-210 in euphausiids: a detailed study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyraud, M; Fowler, S W; Beasley, T M; Cherry, R D

1976-02-13

A detailed study of /sup 210/Po, the predominant alpha-emitting nuclide found in most marine organisms, has been undertaken in a particular zooplanktonic species, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica. Information was obtained concerning the origin, the localization and the flux of the nuclide in and through the organism. Measurements of /sup 210/Po were made in euphausiids of different sizes, in dissected organs and tissues, and in excretion products. The results show higher concentrations in the smaller specimens; this fact cannot be explained on the basis of surface adsorption, but is probably related to the ingestion of food. Dissection results show that the distribution of /sup 210/Po in euphausiids is not homogeneous, but that the majority is concentrated in the internal organs, the alimentary tract and the hepatopancreas in particular. The natural radiation dose received by these organs is in consequence much higher than that received by the whole animal. Use of a dynamic model allowed the flux of /sup 210/Po through M. norvegica to be calculated. The calculations confirm that food is the principal source of /sup 210/Po for this species, and clearly show that fecal pellets constitute the major elimination route. Extrapolation of the data to zooplankton in general leads to the conclusion that zooplankton metabolic activity plays an important role in transporting /sup 210/Po from the surface layers of the ocean to depth. (auth)

South African SIBEX 1 Cruise to the Prydz Bay region, 1984: Pt. 6. Preliminary report on the naturally-occurring radioactive nuclide /sup 210/Po in the survey area

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cherry, M I

1985-01-01

During the SIBEX 1 cruise seawater, phytoplankton, and zooplankton samples were collected in the survey area for subsequent Polonium 210 determinations. The levels of /sup 210/Po found in the samples appear to be comparable with those previously reported in samples from other oceanographic regions. The determinations are not yet complete but some pleliminary conclusions are drawn.

Thermophysical Properties of Matter - the TPRC Data Series. Volume 12. Thermal Expansion Metallic Elements and Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

1975-01-01

the thermal expansion of metallic elements, alloys, and intermetallic compounds. We believe there is also much food for reflection by the specialist...24 39 Plutonium Pu ........ ............... 260 40’ t Polonium Po ..... ............... 270 41* Potassium K ..... ............... 271 42...923 209 NIckel-Palladium NI-Pd..................926 210 * Nickel-Pitaum Ni-Pt.................90 211 Nickel-Silicon NI-SI.................932 212

Environmental radiological Monitoring to the Pb-210 in waters and soils in the Boquete region in Panama Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gibbs, E.; Scotland, E.E.; De Infante, M.; Fernandez, M.A.

1998-01-01

Natural water samples were analyzed in Brazil Institutes and shows activities high to 1000 mBq/I in Polonium 210. Later on samples were analyzed in the Departamento de Salud Radiologica de la Caja de Seguro Social to Panama Republic and the results reported to 16.08 mBq/I and 2.4 Bq/Kg respectively

Chemical and nuclear properties of lawrencium (element 103) and hahnium (element 105)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henderson, R.A.

1990-01-01

The chemical and nuclear properties of Lr and Ha have been studied, using 3-minute 260 Lr and 35-second 262 Ha. The crystal ionic radius of Lr 3+ was determined by comparing its elution position from a cation-exchange resin column with those of lanthanide elements having known ionic radii. Comparisons are made to the ionic radii of the heavy actinides, Am 3+ through Es 3+ , obtained by x-ray diffraction methods, and to Md 3+ and Fm 3+ which were determined in the same manner as Lr 3+ . The hydration enthalpy of -3622 kJ/mol was calculated from the crystal ionic radius using an empirical form of the Born equation. Comparisons to the spacings between the ionic radii of the heaviest members of the lanthanide series show that the 2Z spacing between Lr 3+ and Md 3+ is anomalously small, as the ionic radius of Lr 3+ of 0.0886 nm is significantly smaller than had been expected. The chemical properties of Ha were determined relative to the lighter homologs in group 5, Nb and Ta. Group 4 and group 5 tracer activities, as well as Ha, were absorbed onto glass surfaces as a first step toward the determination of the chemical properties of Ha. Ha was found to adsorb on surfaces, a chemical property unique to the group 5 elements, and as such demonstrates that Ha has the chemical properties of a group 5 element. A solvent extraction procedure was adapted for use as a micro-scale chemical procedure to examine whether or not Ha displays eka-Ta-like chemical under conditions where Ta will be extracted into the organic phase and Nb will not. Under the conditions of this experiment Ha did not extract, and does not show eka-Ta-like chemical properties

19. IV avati EKA galeriis Tartu noore maali näitus "9 elu"

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Autorid Jaan-Jürgen Klaus, Margus Liivak, Kaie Luik, Eda Lõhmus, Rauno Th. Moss, Maris Palgi, Jane Remm, Hando Tamm ja Ode Taul on Tartu Ülikooli maaliosakonna 2000-2003 lõpetanud või 2004 lõpetavad noored kunstnikud. 20. IV seminaril "Üle ja ümber Tartu noore maali" esinesid Anu Allas, Rauno Th. Moss, Evelyn Müürsepp

Determination of natural uranium, thorium and radium isotopes in water and soil samples by alpha spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hao, Le Cong; Tao, Chau Van; Thong, Luong Van; Linh, Duong Mong [University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam). Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics; Dong, Nguyen Van [University of Science Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam). Faculty of Chemistry

2011-08-15

In this study, a simple procedure for the determination of natural uranium, thorium and radium isotopes in water and soil samples by alpha spectroscopy is described. This procedure allows a sequential extraction polonium, uranium, thorium and radium radionuclides from the same sample in two to three days. It was tested and validated with the analysis of certified reference materials from the IAEA. (orig.)

Monsanto Chemical Company Unit 3 progress report, January 16--31, 1948

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1948-12-31

This monthly report provides brief progress descriptions of a number of projects being conducted at Mound Laboratory. Projects include sensitivity of the scaler used for neutron counting, purity of postum (Polonium 210), vapor pressure of postum, resistivity of postum, vapor pressure of selenium,and x-ray diffraction studies to determine the coefficients of expansion for aluminum, copper, lead,and gold.

2008 Homeland Security S and T Stakeholders Conference West. Volume 4. Wednesday

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-16

www.npia.police.uk Polonium 210 Interoperability - lessons Major Incident - CBRN Images courtesy of BBC www.npia.police.uk Boscastle 2007...Washington Training Session 37: Preparing First Responders for Food Systems Disasters Jerry Gillespie, DVM, PhD Director, Western Institute for... Food Safety and Security Training Session 39: Technology Adoption & Innovation 1 Dr. Neal Thornberry, Innovation Chair Graduate School of

Determination of 210Po concentration in commercially available infant formulae and assessment of daily ingestion dose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ravi K. Prabhath

2015-07-01

Full Text Available A study has been conducted to estimate the concentration of natural radioactive polonium in commercially available packaged infant food formulae available in Mumbai, India and the corresponding daily dose normalized based on its shelf life. Eleven most popular international brands of infant formulae were sourced from market and three aliquots from each sample were analysed for concordant results. Autodeposition method onto a silver planchet from hot dilute acid solution followed by alpha spectrometry was performed for estimation of polonium. Radiochemical recovery was ascertained by the addition of 209Po tracer. Radiochemical recovery of 209Po tracer was ranged from 14.7 to 98.1 %. The 210Po concentration in the samples was in the range of 0.08–0.23 Bq kg−1 on measured date and the corresponding daily dose, calculated on normalized date which is at mid-point of the shelf life of the sample, was ranged from 0.04 to 0.89 μSv d−1 as per the recommended daily consumption. The annual committed effective dose estimated based on the average of daily dose was found to be 150 μSv.

Studies on radon concentration at the work places of Mysuru, Bengaluru, Tumkuru and Kolar Districts of Karnataka State, South India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ningappa, C.; Reddy, K. Umesha; Rangaswamy, D.R.; Sannappa, J.

2015-01-01

Radon is a radioactive noble gas and is the decay product of naturally occurring uranium. It decays into radioactive metal ions polonium-218 and polonium-214 by alpha radiation, which are harmful to the human health. The concentrations of radon and its progeny inside a given working place depends on activity of radium both in the soil surrounding the workplace and in the building materials, atmospheric conditions, design of the workplace, porosity of the surrounding soil, building layout, and the ventilation habits of the inhabitants of the building. The estimation of dose due to radon and its progeny to the general public and workers at work places are very important. Thus, concentration of radon and its progeny and dose due to radon and its progeny to the public and workers were measured at sixty workplaces of Mysuru, Bengaluru, Tumkur and Kolar districts based on geology and willingness of the workplace owner using twin cup dosimeter based on Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) and results are discussed in the present study. The values measured indoor radon in the area of study ranged from a 11.6 to 284.8 Bq.m -3 . (author)

Announcement of recommendations issued by the German Radiation Protection Commission (Strahlenschutzkommission) - radiation protection for the use of drinking water supplies from uranium mining areas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

The recommendations issued by the German Radiation Protection Commission demand analyses of the activities of natural uranium, radium 226 and lead 210 in drinking water. The concentrations of lead 210 and polonium 210 are assumed to be balanced. The conditions for observation of the maximum permissible activities are given. The activities of radium 228 and radium 224 must be determined and be taken into account. (orig.) [de

Low-level radiation in coals utilized and ashes produced at New York State electric utilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hornibrook, C.

1981-01-01

Eight coal-fired power plants in New York State were sampled for coal, fly ash and bottom ash. Samples were analyzed for uranium 238, uranium 235, uranium 234, thorium 232, thorium 230, radium 226, lead 210, polonium 210, radon 222. The leachate of six fly ash samples was analyzed for all of the above except radon 222. Some data on fly ash analysis are included

Identification of Radiation Sources in a Peacetime Environment

Science.gov (United States)

1998-04-01

Radionuclides in Medicine, Research, and Industry (continued) Isotope Symbol Polonium - 210 Po- 210 Promethium-147 Pr-147 Radium-226 Ra-226 Selenium-75 Se...equip- ment seen in a nuclear medicine department or nuclear pharmacy, radia- tion therapy sources, industrial food irradiation facilities, and small... Food Irradiator 28 Commercial Irradiator Facility 28 Appendix 1. Commonly Used Radionuclides in Medicine, Research, and Industry 29 General

Preliminary Problem Definition Study on Munitions-Related Chemicals.

Science.gov (United States)

1979-04-01

Thorium-230, Radium-226, Lead- 210 and Polonium - 210 by Plants," Radiat. Bot., 10(3), 293-295. Ernst, W. (1968), "Ecological Studies on Plants Grown on...dechlorane in the environment and its bioconcentration and biomagnifica- tion through the food chain. In mammals, dechlorane has been shown to be tei-atogenic...08 5. Phytotoxicity .o......................208 *6. Environmental Fate ....................... 210 7. Availability of Literature for

Sensitive Equipment Decontamination

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-01

a ceramic-like material Polonium - 210 Metallic foil Radium-226 Radium bromide or radium chloride Strontium-90 Metallic strontium, strontium...extremely toxic toxins. 3.1.1.5 Routes of Infection Pathogenic microorganisms are transferred to human beings largely via air and food (including...regularly in the pharmaceutical industry to decontaminate manufacturing clean rooms. It is also used to sterilize packages used to store foods . It has

Terrorism and WMD in the Contemporary Operational Environment

Science.gov (United States)

2007-08-20

Radiation Emergencies CDC Factsheet: Polonium - 210 Contamination – Radiation Emergencies TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.04 20 August 2007 A-2...production facilities that produce wine and beer, dried milk, food and agricultural products could produce biological warfare agents after process...specific type of vector, these weapons can incapacitate or kill people and animals; and destroy plants, food supplies, or materiel.71 The type of

Defense Space Support to Civil Authority: How Can Policy be Improved?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-11

former Russian KGB agent, is killed by Polonium - 210 in a London sushi bar. NOV 2006 Iran successfully test-fires 3 new models of sea missiles in a show of...Infrastructure Protection Mass Care (Sheltering, Feeding, and Related Services) Epidemiological Surveillance and Investigation Mass Prophylaxis Food and...Radiological Attack 12 Explosives Attack - IED 13 Biological Attack - Food contamination 14 Biological Attack - Foreign Animal Disease 15 Cyber

Emissions of naturally occurring radioactivity from aluminum and copper facilities. Report No. 6 (final)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrews, V.E.

1982-11-01

This report summarizes five surveys which were conducted at a Bauxite mining operation, an alumina reduction plant, an aluminum reduction plant, an underground copper mine and mill, and an open pit copper mine and concentrator. Process components and controlled source releases were sampled for naturally occurring radioactivity. Particular emphasis was given to radon-222, lead-210, and polonium-210 emissions from crushing and drying processes

Uranium, radon-222 and polonium-210 in drinking waters from metropolitan area of Recife, PE, Brazil; Uranio, radonio-222 e polonio-210 em aguas de abastecimento publico da regiao metropolitana do Recife

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Cleomacio Miguel da

2000-04-01

There is only scarce information on the presence of radionuclides in water for public consumption in Brazil. A recently issued federal regulation requires that waters from public supplies be screened to determine their content of alpha and beta emitters. In order to comply with this requirement the present work was carried out with the purpose of determining the concentration of natural uranium, {sup 222} Rn and {sup 210} Po in water supplies in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil. The analyses were performed in 17 points of supply of superficial water and 94 points of groundwater supply. The concentrations of uranium were determined by the fluorimetric method, whereas the liquid scintillation method was used to determine the concentration of {sup 222} Rn. Polonium-210, on the other hand, was determined by alpha spectrometry, following its spontaneous deposition on copper disks. The water analyzer presented uranium concentrations varying from 35.3 to 1146.5 mBq/L for superficial resources and from 20.2 to 919.15 mBq/L for underground sources. The concentration of uranium in superficial water showed significant correlation with some parameters such as conductivity, alkalinity and total hardness, as well as, with the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cl, K, SO{sub 4} and Mn. No correlation, however, was shown with the concentrations of Fe, NO{sub 2} and NO{sub 3}. The concentrations of {sup 222} Rn varied from 5.3 to 83.7 Bq/L in the groundwater analyzer. Radon concentration was not measured in superficial water due to the high emanation rate of radon in open air conditions. As far as {sup 210} Po is concerned, the analyses showed concentrations ranging from <22 mBq/L (the lowest limit of detection) to 57.4 mBq/L for superficial water and from <22 to 813 mBq/L for ground water samples. The concentrations of {sup 210} Po did not show and correlation with physico-chemical parameters. The average concentrations of uranium and {sup 210} Po in superficial water were of 44

Jejak Praktik Militerisme dalam Puisi Indonesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yulitin Sungkowati

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The existence of military in a country does not automatically mean militarism. However, during the New Order era, militarism was used to dominate political life and became a power shield as an excuse to maintain national stability. The military practice could be seen, among other things in Indonesian literary works, particularly in Wiji Thukul's, Rendra's, Eka Budianta's, and K.H. A. Mustafa Bisri's writing as a reflection of his period. These poems depict military action in the New Order power such as in the land reform case, workers protest, and the 27th of July incident. Military action has become a violent pattern to silence these unpleasant incidents. Some critical activists experienced these violent actions such as terror, kidnapping, and torturing,

``From Fundamental Motives to Rational Expectation Equilibrium[REE, henceworth] of Indeterminacy''

Science.gov (United States)

Maksoed, Ssi, Wh-

For ``Principle of Indeterminacy''from Heisenberg states: ``one of the fundamental cornerstone of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle''.whereas canonically conjugate quantities can be determined simultaneously only with a characteristic indeterminacy[M. Arevalo Aguilar, et.al]. Accompanying Alfred North Whitehead conclusion in ``The Aims of Education''that mathematical symbols are artificial before new meanings given, two kinds of fundamental motives: (i) expectation-expectation, (ii) expectation-certainty inherently occurs with determinacy properties of rational expectation equilibrium(REE, henceworth)- Guido Ascari & Tizano Ropele:''Trend inflation, Taylor principle & Indeterminacy'', Kiel Institute, June 2007. Furthers, relative price expression can be compare of their α and (1 - α) configurations in the expression of possible activity. Acknowledgment to Prof[asc]. Dr. Bobby Eka Gunara for ``made a rank through physics'' denotes...

Contribution to the study of the geophysical behaviour of lead-210 by application of alpha spectrometry; Contribution a l'etude du comportement geophysique du plomb 210 par application de la spectrometrie alpha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nezami, M. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-06-01

A study of the changes in the lead-210 contents of rain-water and of water produced by melting polar ice has required the development of a method for dosing lead-210, an {alpha} emitter. This method is 40 times more sensitive than that which measures the lead-210 by bismuth-210, a ({beta} emitter. The first part of the report presents the study of a spectrometry using semiconductor detectors; a catalogue of a spectra shows the advantages of this method. In the second part will be found at first a new chemical separation method for polonium-210 and the results obtained with this method. The main results obtained on the geophysical behaviour of lead-210 are the following: - the monthly lead-210 and polonium-210 contents in rain water are approximately constant with time. - in the Gif-sur-Yvette region, the clean-up by 'dry fall-out' can attain 40 to 50 per cent of the total fall-out. - a study of Antarctic ice samples makes it possible to determine an annual accumulation rate equivalent to 13.8 cm of water and to show discrepancies in the periodic concentrations which correspond to the latest maxima of solar activity. - a balance is drawn up between the radon produced by the continents and the lead-210 fall-out. (author) [French] Une etude sur les variations de la teneur en plomb 210 des eaux de pluie et des eaux de fusion des glaces polaires a necessite la mise au point d'une methode de dosage du plomb 210 emetteur {alpha}. Cette methode permet d'obtenir une sensibilite quarante fois superieure a celle dosant le plomb 210 par le bismuth 210 emetteur {beta}. La premiere partie du travail presente l'etude de la spectrometrie {alpha} par detecteur a semiconducteurs, un catalogue de spectres {alpha} met en evidence les avantages de cette methode. Dans la deuxieme partie on trouvera en premier lieu une nouvelle methode chimique de separation du polonium 210 ainsi que les resultats obtenus grace a cette methode. Les principaux resultats sur le

Contribution to the study of the geophysical behaviour of lead-210 by application of alpha spectrometry; Contribution a l'etude du comportement geophysique du plomb 210 par application de la spectrometrie alpha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nezami, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-06-01

A study of the changes in the lead-210 contents of rain-water and of water produced by melting polar ice has required the development of a method for dosing lead-210, an {alpha} emitter. This method is 40 times more sensitive than that which measures the lead-210 by bismuth-210, a ({beta} emitter. The first part of the report presents the study of a spectrometry using semiconductor detectors; a catalogue of a spectra shows the advantages of this method. In the second part will be found at first a new chemical separation method for polonium-210 and the results obtained with this method. The main results obtained on the geophysical behaviour of lead-210 are the following: - the monthly lead-210 and polonium-210 contents in rain water are approximately constant with time. - in the Gif-sur-Yvette region, the clean-up by 'dry fall-out' can attain 40 to 50 per cent of the total fall-out. - a study of Antarctic ice samples makes it possible to determine an annual accumulation rate equivalent to 13.8 cm of water and to show discrepancies in the periodic concentrations which correspond to the latest maxima of solar activity. - a balance is drawn up between the radon produced by the continents and the lead-210 fall-out. (author) [French] Une etude sur les variations de la teneur en plomb 210 des eaux de pluie et des eaux de fusion des glaces polaires a necessite la mise au point d'une methode de dosage du plomb 210 emetteur {alpha}. Cette methode permet d'obtenir une sensibilite quarante fois superieure a celle dosant le plomb 210 par le bismuth 210 emetteur {beta}. La premiere partie du travail presente l'etude de la spectrometrie {alpha} par detecteur a semiconducteurs, un catalogue de spectres {alpha} met en evidence les avantages de cette methode. Dans la deuxieme partie on trouvera en premier lieu une nouvelle methode chimique de separation du polonium 210 ainsi que les resultats obtenus grace a cette methode. Les principaux resultats sur le comportement geophysique du

Fission of polonium, osmium, and erbium composite systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Plicht, J. van der; Britt, H.C.; Fowler, M.M.; Fraenkel, Z.; Gavron, A.; Wilhelmy, J.B.; Plasil, F.; Awes, T.C.; Young, G.R.

1983-01-01

Fission cross section excitation functions were measured from near threshold to ~10 MeV/nucleon using 9Be, 12C, 16,18O, 24,26Mg, 32S, and 64Ni beams. The systems studied included 210Po formed in 12C and 18O induced reactions; 186Os formed in 9Be, 12C, 16O, and 26Mg reactions; and 158Er formed in

The London polonium poisoning: Events and medical implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perkins, A.C.

2007-01-01

The poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko on 23 November 2006 was an unprecedented event. Po-210 is a highly toxic radioactive heavy metal with a physical half-life of 138 days. Dispersal of the material by the perpetrators and the victim resulted in widespread contamination that led to a trail across London and abroad. This resulted in a massive operation for health protection staff and the police service. The surreptitious nature of this act almost escaped detection. The fact that the nature of the poison was not known for a number of weeks after admission to hospital indicates the difficulty in detecting alpha radiation. In this article, the sequence of events, the nature and uses of this radioactive element and the medical consequences of ingestion are outlined. The illicit use of radioactive materials raises important health and security issues. Medical and scientific staff in nuclear medicine and hospital emergency departments should be aware of these issues. (author)

Fetal doses from plutonium-239 and polonium-210

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harrison, J.D.; Morgan, A.; Stather, J.W.

1992-01-01

The transfer of 239 Pu and 210 Po from the maternal circulation to the developing embryo and fetus was studied in rodents. The highest concentrations of both isotopes were measured in the yolk sac. In utero doses to haemopoietic tissue have been calculated taking account of transfer to the blastocyst/egg cylinder, yolk sac, liver and bone marrow. From animal data, the concentration ratios relative to maternal liver for these tissues were taken to be 0.1, 2, 0.01 and o.02, respectively for 239 Pu; and 1, 2, 0.1 and 0.1, respectively, for 210 Po. These concentration ratios were applied to periods of human gestation of 0-2.5 weeks, 2.5-6 weeks, 6-12 weeks and 12-38 weeks, and used to calculate fetal tissue doses for chronic maternal intake by ingestion of 1 kBq 239 Pu or 2 kBq 210 Po in the year of pregnancy (1 ALI for a member of the public). On this basis, the total in utero dose to haemopoietic tissue was about 1 μSv from 239 Pu and 60 μSv from 210 Po compared with red bone marrow doses to the mother in the year of 19 μSv from 239 Pu and 160 μSv from 210 Po. The yolk sac and bone marrow dominated in utero doses from both nuclides. For 239 Pu, because of its long half life, an important consideration was activity present in the offspring at birth and committed dose equivalents to red bone marrow in the child and mother. The total dose to haemopoietic tissue in the offspring to age 70 years, including in utero doses, was calculated as 13 μSv compared with a maternal dose to red bone marrow of 1400 μSv. For both isotopes the risk of leukaemia in the year of pregnancy was estimated to be of the same order for mother and fetus. For 239 Pu, the overall risk to 70 years of age was two orders of magnitude higher for the mother than her offspring. For 239 Pu, an acute intake of 1 kBq by ingestion during the period of yolk sac haemopoiesis would result in the highest in utero dose, estimated at about 20 μSv. However, activity at birth would be lower and the overall risk would be similar to the risk after chronic intake. (Author) 8 tabs., 39 refs

Research on polonium-218 survey technique for uranium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, R.

1985-01-01

This article makes an exposition of the principles and procedures of 218 Po survey technique for uranium. The experiments done with 218 Po method on a large scale on the deposits of granite, volcanic rock and carbon-silliceous slate types showed that the method of not only as effective as track method and 210 Po method, but also has the characteristics of its own. The device has higher working efficiency with only 5 minutes needed at each measurement point, and its sensitivity is higher, about 0.7 pulse/136.S (P ci /L). The results of measurement by 218 Po method will not be affected by thorium emanation and there will be no contamination of the scintillation chamber by radon daughter. The ratio of anomalous peak value to the bottom for 218 Po method is proved to be higher than that for track method and 210 Po method. In order to avoid the influence of moisture, the measurement by 218 Po method should be planned to do when it is not a rainy day and the holes must be dug some distance off the ditches and rice fields, thus ensuring the success in applying the method

Deep penetration of polonium implanted in cadmium sulfide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weinmann, E.

1975-01-01

The distribution of 25 keV 210 Po implanted into CdS platelets was determined by means of energy analysis of the α-particles emitted by the 210 Po. Two samples were implanted along an axial channeling direction, and one along a planar channeling direction. The resulting distributions did not conform to any of the existing range theories or, in the case of axial channeling, to existing diffusion theories. A new diffusion model was formulated and fitted to the experimental data. Good agreement was obtained between this model and experiment for both the axial and the planar channeling conditions. The stopping power of CdS for He ions was measured as a preliminary step to the Po distribution measurement. A new technique was used which consisted in measuring the energy spectrum of either He ions backscattered from Bi implanted in CdS or of α-particles emitted by 210 Po implanted in CdS. A thin layer was then etched off the surface of the sample and the energy spectrum was measured again. The stopping power was calculated from these two spectra and the known thickness of the removed layer. These measurements and calculations were made for energies ranging from 0.963 to 5.3 MeV with accuracies between 12 percent and 16 percent

Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine organisms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, M.; Kuwabara, J.; Komura, K.; Ueno, K.

1994-01-01

The concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb were determined in about 30 species of marine organisms collected mainly from the north-eastern region of Japan to know the levels and distributions of these radionuclides and to estimate their intake levels from marine foods. 210 Po and 210 Pb showed a wide range of concentration in species: 0.6-26 and 0.04-0.54 Bq/kg (wet wt) in fishes, 0.5-220 and 0.2-43 Bq/kg (wet wt) in molluscs, echinoderms and chordatas, and 2.8-4.3 and 0.4-1.3 Bq/kg (wet wt) in algae, respectively. Higher accumulation of 210 Po relative to 210 Pb was found in all of the samples analyzed. The intake levels of 210 Po and 210 Pb by marine foods consumption were roughly estimated to be 0.48-0.69 and 0.022-0.042 Bq/d per person, respectively, on the basis of the statistical data on the consumption of seafood and/or production rates of marine foods. (author) 16 refs.; 6 tabs

Polonium-210 in the total environment of Goa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avadhani, D.N.; Mahesh, H.M.; Siddappa, K.

2007-01-01

The paper deals with the distribution of 210 Po in total environment of Goa. The activity concentration of 210 Po in food, diet, water and air samples of the region were measured and the annual effective dose due to ingestion of this radionuclide was estimated. The activity of 210 Po in soil and sand samples vary from 3.2 Bq kg -1 to 186.2 Bq kg -1 with a mean value of 57.4Bq kg -1 and from 0.94 Bq kg -1 to 3.7 Bq kg -1 with the mean value of 1.8 Bq kg -1 respectively. Among food samples fish and prawn shows higher concentration of 210 Po. The Committed Effective Dose Equivalent due to ingestion of non veg meal, veg meal, breakfast and potable water were found to be 94.6 μSv y -1 , 49.1 μSv y -1 , 10.5 μSv y -1 and 4.2 μSv y -1 respectively. All the results are compared with the reported literature values and discussed in detail in this paper. (author)

18. XII kell 12 kaitstakse EKA E-meedia keskuses 4 magistritööd...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Kristel Sibul "Kehatud kehad - kehad ja identiteet internetis" (juh. Katrin Kivimaa), Ivika Kivi "Virtuaalsed õpitarkvarad" (juh. Mare Emmott Tralla), Maris Lindoja "Digitaalne ruum" (juh. Andres Kurg), Raul Keller "Corporate Consulting in the Digital Age - Jamming vith the Culture" (juh. Richard Barbrook)

The discovery of radium 100 years ago and the impact on the early history of nuclear science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adloff, J.P.

1999-01-01

One hundred years ago, Pierre and Marie Curie reawakened the topic of uranic rays and discovered two radioelements, polonium in July 1898 and radium in December. The circumstances of these events which announced the beginning of radiochemistry are reviewed at the light of the laboratory notebooks and the publications of the authors. The role of radium in the early history of radioactivity and nuclear sciences is emphasized. (author)

The discovery of radium 100 years ago and the impact on the early history of nuclear science

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adloff, J.P. [University Louis Pasteur, 63 Rue Saint Urbain 67100 Strasbourg (France)

1999-09-01

One hundred years ago, Pierre and Marie Curie reawakened the topic of uranic rays and discovered two radioelements, polonium in July 1898 and radium in December. The circumstances of these events which announced the beginning of radiochemistry are reviewed at the light of the laboratory notebooks and the publications of the authors. The role of radium in the early history of radioactivity and nuclear sciences is emphasized. (author)

Radon removal from different types of groundwater applying granular activated carbon filtration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turtiainen, T.; Salonen, L.; Myllymaeki, P.

2000-01-01

Granular activated carbon (CAC) filters were installed in 12 private homes or vacation homes for removing unacceptably high concentrations of radon from household water. Radon removal efficiency was nearly 100% in most locations, although different water types were encountered. Other radionuclides such as uranium, radium, lead and polonium were removed less efficiently. Treated water quality remained good and no significant external radiation dose was caused to the residents. (author)

Radiological testing of products containing radioactivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixon, D.W.; Knight, A.

1980-01-01

Consumer products containing radioactive substances are tested by NRPB to determine how much radioactive material is likely to be released from a product if it is misused or accidentally damaged. Such testing is briefly described with particular reference to ionisation chamber smoke detectors, liquid crystal display watches illuminated with gaseous tritium light sources and anti-static brushes containing polonium-210 in the form of ceramic microspheres. (U.K.)

Studies in Intelligence. Volume 55, Number 2

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-01

terrorists. And while they note the stories that claim the FSB poisoned Al- exander Litvinenko using polonium - 210 in Lon- don, they conclude that...willing to accumu- late and incorporate traditions of food , dress, verbal expres- sion, names given to children, and entertainments originat- ing...decorations in homes, modes of dress, food eaten (or not eaten), monuments respected (as opposed to those covered with graffiti), gifts given, etc

Environmental radioactivity in the Netherlands : results in 2010

OpenAIRE

Knetsch, G.J.; Krijger, G.C.; Weseman, J.M.; Vos van Avezathe, A.; Verbunt, J.T.

2010-01-01

The measurements in the air and environment showed normal levels, which are within the range of previous years. The deposition of polonium-210 showed the highest level since 1993 but approximately the same level as in 2009. These levels do not pose a threat to public health. As in previous years radioactivity levels in food and milk were well below the export and consumption limits set by the European Union.

Environmental Compliance Assessment Protocol-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (ECAP-CDC)

Science.gov (United States)

1993-10-01

0 Bismuth-205 100 Bismuth-206 100 Bismudi-20m 10. Bisniuth-210k 01 Bismuth-* 210 10 Bismuth-212 10 Bismuth-213 100 Biloauth-203 1000 Polonium -203 1000...Manager (Industrial Hygiene Section) (20) Food Services Manager -xxv -mu- Table 2 Glosary of Acronyms ACM Asbestos Cotaining Marial ANSI Ameican...retail food and cold storage warehouse sec- tors. Retail food includes the refrigeration equipment found in supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants

Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Environmental Toxicology (7th) 13, 14 and 15 October 1976

Science.gov (United States)

1977-04-01

Nitrosopiperidine 0 - 9 ng Unknown unsymmetrical nitrosamines + II. Lung Polonium - 210 0.03-1.3 pCi + Nickel compounds 0 - 600 ng + Cadmium 9 - 70 ng...industrial development. In support of this under- standing, scientific papers, as well as reports in the public press, indicate that a number of food ...Mabuchi, 1972; Fraumeni, 1975). Ac- cording to current ideas, these causal factors are basically unre- lated to food additives, insecticides, pesticides

Defending the Military Food Supply Acquisition, Preparation, and Protection of Food at U.S. Military Installations

Science.gov (United States)

2009-09-01

former KGB official, with polonium - 210 in 2006.25 However, a number of factors make radiological contamination of food unlikely. First, it is...Defense University September 2009 Defending the Military Food Supply Acquisition, Preparation, and Protection of Food at U.S. Military...DATE SEP 2009 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Defending the Military Food Supply Acquisition

Concentrations of radionuclides in cassava growing in high background radiation area and their transfer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Jialin; Zha Yongru; Guo Yicao

1985-01-01

The concentrations of several natural radionuclides in common cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growing in Yangjiang County, a high background radiation area in Guangdong Province, and their uptake from soil and distribution in the plant were investigated. The results show that the concentrations of natural uranium and thorium in cassava root are of the order of 10 -6 g/kg, and those of radium-226, radium-228, lead-210 and polonium-210 are of the order of 10 -11 Ci/kg. The highest level is 9.30 +- 0.30 x 10 -11 Ci/kg (lead-210), and the lowest is 3.99 +- 0.20 x 10 -11 Ci/kg (radium-226). The levels of natural uranium, thorium, radium-226 and polonium-210 in cassava are below the limits stipulated by the regulations for food hygiene in China, while the lead-210 level approaches the limit. It is noticeable that the highest level of radium-228 is 7.28 +- 1.03 x 10 -11 Ci/kg, 10.4 times higher than the limit. The transfer of all he nuclides from soil to different parts of cassava shows a pattern contrary to that of he nuclides in the other regions where uranium-and radium-containing waste water and phosphate fertilizer are used in agriculture

Exposure to radionuclides in smoke from vegetation fires.

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, Fernando P; Oliveira, João M; Malta, Margarida

2014-02-15

Naturally occurring radionuclides of uranium, thorium, radium, lead and polonium were determined in bushes and trees and in the smoke from summer forest fires. Activity concentrations of radionuclides in smoke particles were much enriched when compared to original vegetation. Polonium-210 ((210)Po) in smoke was measured in concentrations much higher than all other radionuclides, reaching 7,255 ± 285 Bq kg(-1), mostly associated with the smaller size smoke particles (fires displayed volume concentrations up to 70 m Bq m(-3), while in smoke-free air (210)Po concentration was about 30 μ Bq m(-3). The estimated absorbed radiation dose to an adult member of the public or a firefighter exposed for 24h to inhalation of smoke near forest fires could exceed 5 μSv per day, i.e, more than 2000 times above the radiation dose from background radioactivity in surface air, and also higher than the radiation dose from (210)Po inhalation in a chronic cigarette smoker. It is concluded that prolonged exposure to smoke allows for enhanced inhalation of radionuclides associated with smoke particles. Due to high radiotoxicity of alpha emitting radionuclides, and in particular of (210)Po, the protection of respiratory tract of fire fighters is strongly recommended. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermophysical Properties of Matter - the TPRC Data Series. Volume 13. Thermal Expansion - Nonmetallic Solids

Science.gov (United States)

1977-01-01

topography of the state of knowledge on the thermal expansion of nonmetallic solids. We believe there is also much food for reflec- West Lafayette...34 Lithium Silicates ......... 713 209 Magnesium Metasilicate MgSiO. .. ......... 715 210 Magnesium Orthosilicate Mg2 SiO . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 211...Antiferromagnetism of Praseodymium," Phys. Rev. Letters, 12(20), 553-5, 1964. 66. Goode, J.M., "Phase Transition Temperature of Polonium ,"J. Chem. Phys., 26(5), 1269

The Surface Microlayer: Review of Literature and Evaluation of Potential Effects of Dredge Activities in Puget Sound.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-01-01

Heyrand. 1975. Polonium - 210 - Its vertical oceanic transport by zoo- plankton metabolic activity. Marine Chemistry 3:105-110. Collins, J. 1974. Oil and...metazoans form the next link of the trophic food web by feeding on the protozoans and bacteria at the surface layers. The abundance of these organisms...Regardless of natural hazards associated with the neustonic enviornment there is a great deal of plant productivity which produces food and energy for

Ionizing Radiation in Earth’s Atmosphere and in Space Near Earth

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-01

the bronchial tubes to the lungs and decays into polonium - 210 , a solid. Table 3. Typical LET values of various radiations. Type of...hypersensitivity) (52). Because radioactive iodine has a physical half-life of 8.04 days, food affected by radioactive iodine fallout poses very little risk...No.:159. 53. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evalu- ation and Research. “Guidance: Potassium

Where Radiobiology Began in Russia: A Physician’s Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-01

White Archipelago”) (Gubarev, 2004): “Visiting a number of production facilities that worked with plutonium and polonium - 210 , I was struck by the...its owners. The wide array of food on the table was all vegetarian fare. I found out for the first time that both of them were Orthodox Christians...was ordinary food poisoning. After several days’ treatment, the workers returned to the area. Later, after changes in their skin and blood

Determination of 210Po concentration in commercially available infant formulae and assessment of daily ingestion dose

OpenAIRE

Prabhath, Ravi K.; Sreejith, Sathyapriya R.; Nair, Madhu G.; Rao, D.D.; Pradeepkumar, K.S.

2015-01-01

A study has been conducted to estimate the concentration of natural radioactive polonium in commercially available packaged infant food formulae available in Mumbai, India and the corresponding daily dose normalized based on its shelf life. Eleven most popular international brands of infant formulae were sourced from market and three aliquots from each sample were analysed for concordant results. Autodeposition method onto a silver planchet from hot dilute acid solution followed by alpha spec...

Report on the Comprehensive Survey of the Water Resources of the Delaware River Basin. Volume 8. Appendix O

Science.gov (United States)

1960-12-01

disposed into the sewers provided that the material is soluble. (2) Radioactive levels include the following: strontium 90 or polonium 210 , not to...prime importance is water; man can survive without food more easily than without water., What is true of the individual is true of his civili- zation...abundant fish species at each of the survey stations, ranked according to their abundance 21-27 9 Frequency of occurrence of food organisms in the

Introducing the Future Now: Using Memetics and Popular Culture to Identify the Post-9/11 Homeland Security Zeitgeist

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-01

the case within NCIS. Law and Order: Criminal Intent Episode 30 February 27, 2007 A reporter is poisoned with Polonium - 210 and the FBI joins the...may be surprising (Table 2): CATEGORY RESULTS Business & Investing 1,676 Calendars 9 Cooking, Food & Wine 12 Gay & Lesbian 28 Children’s Books...keep foods like chocolate, cheese, and fruitcake out of our checked luggage. This rule is not a plot against traveling celiacs, it is simply that

Studies in Intelligence. Volume 54, Number 2, June 2010

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

432 pp., bibliography, no index. The murky chronicle of Alexander Litvinenko’s poisoning with the highly toxic polonium - 210 in a posh London hotel bar...nearly everything, too: naviga- tion, parachute jumping, how to kill wild animals and use them as food , lock picking, hiding microscopic sized...dispatched into desolate areas with only a minimum of food , forced to live on fish they could catch or game they could shoot. Subsequently they were

Symposium Entitled: Particle Lung Interactions: ’Overload’ Related Phenomena. A Journal of Aerosol Medicine - Deposition, Clearance, and Effects in the Lung. Volume 3, Supplement 1

Science.gov (United States)

1991-04-01

J.B., MCGANDY R.B. and KENNEDY A.R. (1978). Interactions Between Polonium - 210 Alpha-Radiation, Benzo(a)pyrene, and 0.9% NaCl Solution Instillations in...J.A. 1985 Changes in the collagen pathway in fibrosis. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 5: 210 -218. LAST, J.A., GERRIETS. J.E., ARMSTRONG, L.G.. GELZLEICHTER...Development (OECD) standard measurements such as body weight, food consumption, biochemical and Key words: Lung, retention, alveolar clearance, insoluble

Solidification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator by the use of sorel cement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hepworth Malcolm T.

1996-03-01

Full Text Available Spaľovanie tuhého komunálneho odpadu významne redukuje objem a hmotnosť tuhého komunálneho odpadu, avšak zvyšky po spaľovaní sú klasifikované ako nebezpečné odpady. Použitím stabilizačnej technológie solidifikácie popolčeka z elektrostatických odlučovačov spaľovne na komunálny odpad využitím Sorelovho cementu vznikne popolčekový cement, ktorého environmentálne a inžinierske vlastnosti ponúkajú možnosť jeho užitočného využitia pre účely stavebníctva.

Effects of water treatment processes used at waterworks on natural radionuclide concentrations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haemaelaeinen, K.; Vesterbacka, P.; Maekelaeinen, I.; Arvela, H.

2004-08-01

The occurrence of uranium and other natural radionuclides in waters of waterworks and the effects of the conventional water treatment processes on radionuclide concentrations were investigated. Water samples were collected from 17 waterworks. Radionuclide concentrations of the collected samples were compared to the currently valid concentrations according to the Finnish regulation, ST guide 12.3. Similarly the measured concentrations were compared to the values presented in the 98/83/EC directive and in the Commission recommendation, 2001/928/Euratom. The guidelines based on chemical toxicity of uranium were also considered. This report presents a summary of the radionuclide concentrations in waters distributed by waterworks. Short-term and logn-term temporal variation of radionuclide levels in raw water were also investigated. Waterworks selected to this study used different kinds of raw water sources and a variety of water treatment processes. Water samples were collected from 46 water catchments which used groundwater in soil, artificial groundwater or groundwater in bedrock as a source of raw water. The most common water treatment used in these catchments was alkalization. Other treatment processes used were various types of filtrations (sand, anthracite, slow sand and membrane filtration) and aeration. Four of the catchments distributed water without treatment. Sampling was carried out in co-operation with local health inspectors and waterworks staff in spring 2002. Later that autumn, monitoring samples were collected from eight catchments. The maximum value for radon, presented in ST guide 12.3, was exceeded in three water catchments that used groundwater in bedrock as a source of raw water. No exceedings were found in those water catchments that use groundwater in soil or artificial groundwater. The limits of uranium and radium calculated from the total indicative dose (98/83/EC) were not exceeded but the guidelines for lead and polonium, given in the

Polonium-210 and lead-210 in edible molluscs from near the Cape of Good Hope: sources of variability in polonium-210 concentrations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heyraud, M.; Cherry, R.D.; Oschadleus, H.-D.; Cherry, M.I.; Sealy, J.C.

1994-01-01

Measurements of the natural radionuclides 210 Po and 210 Pb in mussels, squid and oysters from near the Cape of Good Hope are reported and compared with previously published 210 Po and 210 Pb data from Northern Hemisphere organisms in the same taxa. Emphasis is laid on discussing the causes of variability in the concentrations of 210 Po in marine organisms. No systematic evidence is found for a 'latitude' effect, but allometric effects, intertaxon differences, change of diet with animal size and regional effects are all significant for 210 Po. The consequences for human radiation dose calculations of variability of 210 Po levels in seafoods are discussed briefly; particular reference is made to the case of a Stone Age mussel-eating community in South Africa. (author)

Some applications of Photon/Electron-Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) spectrometry to the assay of alpha emitters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McDowell, W.J.; Case, G.N.

1988-01-01

The combination of certain solvent extraction separations and a special kind of liquid scintillation detector and electronics designed for alpha spectrometry allows some highly accurate, yet simple determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides. Counting efficiency is 99.68% with backgrounds of 99.95%. The Photon/Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) equipment is described and procedures for the separation and determination of uranium, thorium, plutonium, polonium, radium, and trivalent actinides are outlined. 25 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab

Determination of americium in urine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shvydko, N.S.; Mikhajlova, O.A.; Popov, D.K.

1988-01-01

A technique has been developed for the determination of americium 241 in urine by a raiochemical purification of the nuclide from uranium (upon co-precipitation of americium 241 with calcium and lanthanum), plutonium, thorum, and polonium 210 (upon co-precipitation of these radionuclides with zirconium iodate). α-Radioactivity was measured either in a thick layer of the americium 241 precipitate with a nonisotope carrier or in thin-layer preparations after electrolytic precipitation of americium 241 on a cathode

Assessment of direct radiological risk and indirect associated toxic risks originated by Coal-Fired Power Plants

OpenAIRE

Dinis, M. L.; Fiúza, António; Góis, Joaquim; Carvalho, José Soeiro de; Meira Castro, A C

2011-01-01

Over the past few decades there has been some discussion concerning the increase of the natural background radiation originated by coal-fired power plants, due to the uranium and thorium content present in combustion ashes. The radioactive decay products of uranium and thorium, such as radium, radon, polonium, bismuth and lead, are also released in addition to a significant amount of 40K. Since the measurement of radioactive elements released by the gaseous emissions of coal power plants i...

Development and Application of a Method for Toxicological Assessment of Occupational Exposures to Chemicals in Marine Operations. Addendum.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-09-01

Tank Entry 205 Class 1 208 Class II 208 Class III 208 Tier I Evaluations 208 Tier II Evaluations 210 V.3.4 Dermal Exposures 213 Tier I Evaluation 215...reactions or be absorbed through the skin into the body. It is also possible for food or cigarettes to become contaminated from chemicals on the...Compounds of uranium, polonium and radium have carcinogenic activity which is attributed chiefly to their radioactive properties. Uran- ium, radium and radon

The Marine Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements

Science.gov (United States)

1983-09-01

C3): 2045-2056. BACON, M.P., P.G. BREWER, D.W. SPENCER, T.W. MURRAY & T. GODDARD (1980). Lead - 210 , polonium - 210 , manganese and iron in the Cariaco...191 La and Pr 197 Ce: its oxidation and reduction 197 Eu 207 4.5. Conclusions 210 CHAPTER 5. Behaviour of the Rare Earth Elements in anoxic waters of...seawater and algal food . When the radioactive particles were no longer available, the accumulated radioactivity of the zooplankters was rapidly lost

Radiation Internal Monitoring by In Vivo Scanning in Operation Tomodachi

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-01

detected at the International Monitoring Station (IMS), Takasaki (Gunma Prefecture, about 210 km (130 miles) WSW of FDNPS) during the period March...determine a dose from both inhalation and ingestion. Based on additional information on food and water sources for DOD-affiliated individuals it was...kBq Tritium 0.06 pg 23 Bq Polonium 0.2 pg 37 Bq * Source is Eckerman and Sjoreen (2003). As discussed in Section 2.2.4 and calculated with the

Radioisotope Sources of Electric Power

Science.gov (United States)

1973-09-20

u) watt/cm-3 O) specific activity f) curia/watt (curie/a) a) half-life c) specific power output h) years (capacity) 1) days d) watt/p Polonium - 210 ...AD/A-001 210 RADIOISOTOPE SOURCES OF ELECTRIC POWER G. M. Fradkin, et al Army Foreign Science and Technology Center Charlottesville, Virginia 20...narticularlv for nurninn and irocess~ino of wastg.Sheatinc food , conversion of liruld oxtoner to des, and also for removal of imnurities and reula:tion

The light and brilliancy of Marie Curie

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Craig, P.

1984-01-01

The paper describes the life and work of Marie Curie, from her childhood to her death (at nearly 67 years), and including her marriage to Pierre Curie. The scientific work, by the Curies, leading to the discovery of polonium and radium is described, as well as the making of radium chloride. The importance of the Curies' work to theoretical science is briefly discussed, and the effects of radioactivity on the Curies is touched upon. (U.K.)

Absorption of environmental polonium-210 by the human gut

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunt, G.J.; Allington, D.J.

1993-01-01

Current values for the gut absorption factor of plutonium- 210 ( 210 Po) are based on very few human data, yet the dose due to 210 Po is an important component of the dose to man through food as a result of natural sources of radiation. In this study, three male and three female adult volunteers ate supplies of brown crab meat containing natural concentrations of 210 Po, which are analysed from sub-samples. Daily urine and faecal samples, taken for 3 days before and up to 3 weeks after ingestion, were also analysed. Values of apparent absorption were derived from the faecal measurements; estimates of the true absorption were derived taking account of endogenous faecal excretion on the basis of existing data for intravenous administration. The results appear to suggest that the gut absorption factor in current use for 210 Po (in connection with ingestion in food) should be increased from 0.1-03 to about 0.8. The implications for estimates of dose due to this exposure pathway are noted. (author)

Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine food chains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heyraud, M.; Cherry, R.D.

1979-01-01

210 Po and 210 Pb have been measured systematically in whole animals, muscle and hepatopancreas of crustaceans and of molluscan cephalopods representative of a pelagic and benthic food chain. The same nuclides were also measured in liver, pyloric caecum, stomach contents and muscle of tuna. The concentration factors from sea water to whole animals were approximately constant along both food chains, being of the order of 10 4 for 210 Po and 10 2 for 210 Pb. The highest concentration factors were found in shrimp of the genus Sergestes. In muscle, the concentration factors were an order of magnitude less; in the hepatopancreas, they were an order of magnitude higher, reaching 10 6 in shrimp of the genus Sergestes. Such concentrations imply alpha-radiation doses of the order of 10 rem per year and more in this organ, which contains about 50 to 90% of the 210 Po in the whole animal in the 11 species analyzed. A detailed study of the intracellular behaviour of 210 Po in the hepatopancreas is clearly indicated. 210 Po can be used as a sensitive natural tracer in biological systems. Thus, feeding Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the laboratory on food low in 210 Po led to an approximate value of about 6 1/2 days for the biological half-life of 210 Po in the hepatopancreas of this euphausiid. Furthermore, the data on 210 Po and 210 Pb in the cephalopod hepatopancreas allowed the time of conservation of frozen squid which had been bought at the market to be estimated. (orig.) 891 AJ/orig. 892 MKO [de

Absorption of environmental polonium-210 by the human gut

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hunt, G J; Allington, D J [Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft (United Kingdom). Fisheries Radiobiological Lab.

1993-06-01

Current values for the gut absorption factor of plutonium- 210 ([sup 210]Po) are based on very few human data, yet the dose due to [sup 210]Po is an important component of the dose to man through food as a result of natural sources of radiation. In this study, three male and three female adult volunteers ate supplies of brown crab meat containing natural concentrations of [sup 210]Po, which are analysed from sub-samples. Daily urine and faecal samples, taken for 3 days before and up to 3 weeks after ingestion, were also analysed. Values of apparent absorption were derived from the faecal measurements; estimates of the true absorption were derived taking account of endogenous faecal excretion on the basis of existing data for intravenous administration. The results appear to suggest that the gut absorption factor in current use for [sup 210]Po (in connection with ingestion in food) should be increased from 0.1-03 to about 0.8. The implications for estimates of dose due to this exposure pathway are noted. (author).

Polonium-210 and lead-210 in marine food chains

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyraud, M [Musee Oceanographique (Monaco). International Lab. of Marine Radioactivity; Cherry, R D [Cape Town Univ. (South Africa). Dept. of Physics

1979-01-01

/sup 210/Po and /sup 210/Pb have been measured systematically in whole animals, muscle and hepatopancreas of crustaceans and of molluscan cephalopods representative of a pelagic and benthic food chain. The same nuclides were also measured in liver, pyloric caecum, stomach contents and muscle of tuna. The concentration factors from sea water to whole animals were approximately constant along both food chains, being of the order of 10/sup 4/ for /sup 210/Po and 10/sup 2/ for /sup 210/Pb. The highest concentration factors were found in shrimp of the genus Sergestes. In muscle, the concentration factors were an order of magnitude less; in the hepatopancreas, they were an order of magnitude higher, reaching 10/sup 6/ in shrimp of the genus Sergestes. Such concentrations imply alpha-radiation doses of the order of 10 rem per year and more in this organ, which contains about 50 to 90% of the /sup 210/Po in the whole animal in the 11 species analyzed. A detailed study of the intracellular behaviour of /sup 210/Po in the hepatopancreas is clearly indicated. /sup 210/Po can be used as a sensitive natural tracer in biological systems. Thus, feeding Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the laboratory on food low in /sup 210/Po led to an approximate value of about 6 1/2 days for the biological half-life of /sup 210/Po in the hepatopancreas of this euphausiid. Furthermore, the data on /sup 210/Po and /sup 210/Pb in the cephalopod hepatopancreas allowed the time of conservation of frozen squid which had been bought at the market to be estimated. (orig.) 891 AJ/orig. 892 MKO.

Content of polonium-210 in food products of Bulgaria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keslev, D; Novakova, E; Boyadzhiev, A; Kerteva, A

1975-01-01

Most of the Po-210 entering the human organism is associated with food products. The content of Po-210 in various food products is given as follows in picocuries/kg: 0.88 for meat, 1.25 for milk, 2.75 for bread, 0.19 for egg (content in one egg), 6.70 for wheat, 1.27 for corn, 0.90 for potatoes, 1.20 for beans, 1.84 for cabbage, 1.26 for tomatoes, 1.64 for pepper, 0.50 for onions, 1.2 for apples, 1.35 for pears, 2.20 for prunes, 1.24 for grapes and 0.07 for water. The data compare well with literature data. The daily intake of Po-210 with the diet varies from 1.61 to 2.08 picocuries for different age groups of individuals. Most of this amount is eliminated via the urine (70 to 80%) and the feces. 9 refs. (SJR)

Contribution to the study of the geophysical behaviour of lead-210 by application of alpha spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nezami, M.

1965-06-01

A study of the changes in the lead-210 contents of rain-water and of water produced by melting polar ice has required the development of a method for dosing lead-210, an α emitter. This method is 40 times more sensitive than that which measures the lead-210 by bismuth-210, a (β emitter. The first part of the report presents the study of a spectrometry using semiconductor detectors; a catalogue of a spectra shows the advantages of this method. In the second part will be found at first a new chemical separation method for polonium-210 and the results obtained with this method. The main results obtained on the geophysical behaviour of lead-210 are the following: - the monthly lead-210 and polonium-210 contents in rain water are approximately constant with time. - in the Gif-sur-Yvette region, the clean-up by 'dry fall-out' can attain 40 to 50 per cent of the total fall-out. - a study of Antarctic ice samples makes it possible to determine an annual accumulation rate equivalent to 13.8 cm of water and to show discrepancies in the periodic concentrations which correspond to the latest maxima of solar activity. - a balance is drawn up between the radon produced by the continents and the lead-210 fall-out. (author) [fr

Disposal of radioactive waste arising from water treatment: Recommendations for the EC. Final report of the WP 8 of the TENAWA project

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Annanmaeki, M.; Turtiainen, T.; Jungclas, H.; Rausse, Ch.

2000-04-01

Ground water, especially bedrock water, may contain high amounts of natural radioactivity. Elevated levels of natural radionuclides in ground water are mainly associated with uranium and thorium rich soil and rocks. Various processes based on different principles can be applied to the removal of radioactivity from water. Aeration and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration are used to remove radon from household water. Ion exchangers are applied to the removal of uranium and radium. Lead and polonium may sometimes be removed by ion exchange technology as well. Membrane techniques are applied to the removal of uranium, radium, lead and polonium. Radionuclide removal can also be carried out using adsorptive materials. When different kinds of treatment methods are used to remove natural radioactivity from drinking water, wastes containing natural radioactivity will be produced. The wastes are in liquid or solid form. Liquid wastes are produced when materials used to accumulate radioactivity are regenerated or backwashed. Solid wastes are formed in cases where regeneration or backwashing are not used or cannot be used, and when the materials are taken out of service. GAC filters emit gamma radiation when they are in service. To gather information on existing national regulations and guidelines on the treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes produced by various water treatment methods, a questionnaire was sent to all the Member Countries of the European Union. (orig.)

Concentrations of radionuclides in cassava growing in high background radiation area and their transfer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jialin, Huang; Yongru, Zha; Yicao, Guo

1985-04-01

The concentrations of several natural radionuclides in common cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growing in Yangjiang County, a high background radiation area in Guangdong Province, and their uptake from soil and distribution in the plant were investigated. The results show that the concentrations of natural uranium and thorium in cassava root are of the order of 10/sup -6/ g/kg, and those of radium-226, radium-228, lead-210 and polonium-210 are of the order of 10/sup -11/ Ci/kg. The highest level is 9.30 +- 0.30 x 10/sup -11/ Ci/kg (lead-210), and the lowest is 3.99 +- 0.20 x 10/sup -11/ Ci/kg (radium-226). The levels of natural uranium, thorium, radium-226 and polonium-210 in cassava are below the limits stipulated by the regulations for food hygiene in China, while the lead-210 level approaches the limit. It is noticeable that the highest level of radium-228 is 7.28 +- 1.03 x 10/sup -11/ Ci/kg, 10.4 times higher than the limit. The transfer of all the nuclides from soil to different parts of cassava shows a pattern contrary to that of he nuclides in the other regions where uranium-and radium-containing waste water and phosphate fertilizer are used in agriculture.

Improved optimum condition for recovery and measurement of 210Po in environmental samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zal Uyun Wan Mahmood; Norfaizal Mohamed; Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin; Abdul Kadir Ishak

2012-01-01

An improved laboratory technique for measurement of polonium-210( 210 Po) in environmental samples has been developed in Radiochemistry and Environmental Laboratory (RAS), Malaysian Nuclear Agency. To further improve this technique, a study with the objectives to determine the optimum conditions for 210 Po deposition and; evaluate the accuracy and precision results for the determination of 210 Po in environmental samples was carried-out. Polonium-210 which is an alpha emitter obtained in acidic solution through total digestion and dissolution of samples has been efficiently plated onto one side of the silver disc in the spontaneous plating process for measurement of its alpha activity. The optimum conditions for deposition of 210 Po were achieved using hydrochloric acid (HCl) media at acidity of 0.5 M with the presence of 1.0 gram hydroxyl ammonium chloride and the plating temperature at 90 degree Celsius. The plating was carried out in 80 ml HCl solution (0.5 M) for 4 hours. The recorded recoveries obtained using 209 Po tracers in the CRM IAEA-385 and environmental samples were 85 % - 98% whereby the efficiency of the new technique is a distinct advantage over the existing techniques. Therefore, optimization of deposition parameters is a prime importance to achieve accuracy and precision results as well as economy and time saving. (author)

Sisustusuudised / Lylian Meister

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Meister, Lylian, 1966-

2006-01-01

Disainiaasta korraldajad on kuulutanud välja konkursi kõigile Eesti inimestele, ideed saata EKA Disaini Innovatsioonikeskusesse. Philippe Starcki disainitud lamp Bedside Gun firmale Flos. Laura Ashley kaubamärk on jõudnud Tallinna. Saksa firma Sanaform ergonoomiline tool Falto on müügil kaupluses And Tallinna Kaubamajas. Paola Suhoneni loodud kaubamärgi IvanaHelsinki moekauplusest Helsingis. Tõnis Vellama disainitud seinavalgustit ANGEL toodab Eesti firma SEOS Valgustus, müüb Nu Nordic. Ilona Gurjanova ja Soome ettevõtte Savcor One Line koostöös sündinud LeArt kahhelkivide kollektsiooni tutvustati 10D näitusel Helsingi Design Forumis ja see oli edukas disainimessil Maison & Objet Pariisis. Kris Lemsalu keraamikat müüb Nu Nordic. Sixten Heidmetsa ja Sirli Põllumäe noortemööbli kollektsiooni, mida toodab Fellin Furniture, saab osta Aatriumi Sisustuskaubamajast

Eesti kunsti superego, ego ja id / Andri Ksenofontov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ksenofontov, Andri, 1962-

2007-01-01

Graafikanäitus "Kohanemised" Rahvusraamatukogus. JP Kaljoneni (sünd. 1976, Soome) fotonäitus "Integrations" Draakoni galeriis. Jevgeni Klimovi (1946-1996) fotonäitus Venemaa saatkonna galeriis. Nikolai Kormashovi portree-etüüdide väljapanek Haus galeriis. Jaan Elkeni popmuusikast inspireeritud maalinäitus Hobusepea galeriis. Näitus "Skulptuur räägib : võim ja vabadus" Tallinna Kunstihoones. Tanja Muravskaja video ja fotoseeria "Positsioonid" ning Kristina Normani videoinstallatsioon "Monoliit. Eternal Mix" Noorte kunstnike biennaalil Rüütelkonna hoones. Kaido Ole väljapanek "Hümn" Vaal-galeriis. Anu Pennaneni video "Sõprus" Kumus. Flo Kasearu video "Mulgi reisid" ja näitus ArtDepoo Galeriis. Eeva Käsperi klaasinäitus "Õrn. Salvestatud mõjutused" Hop galeriis. EKA metallikunsti ja skulptuuri eriala üliõpilaste kollektiivse alateadvusliku joonistamise näitus "Entroopia" Pikk t. 42 ja muud

Numerical analysis of alpha spectra using two different codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hurtado, S.; Jimenez-Ramos, M.C.; Villa, M.; Vioque, I.; Manjon, G.; Garcia-Tenorio, R.

2008-01-01

This work presents an intercomparison between commercial software for alpha-particle spectrometry, Genie 2000, and the new free available software, Winalpha, developed by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In order to compare both codes, different environmental spectra containing plutonium, uranium, thorium and polonium have been analyzed, together with IAEA test alpha spectra. A statistical study was performed in order to evaluate the precision and accuracy in the analyses, and to enhance the confidence in using the software on alpha spectrometric studies

Penney's Windscale thoughts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pearce, F

1988-01-07

The paper concerns the official file on the nuclear fire at Windscale in October 1957, which was written by Sir William Penney. The file was based on a 10-day investigation, and describes the physical causes and consequences of the fire. The events of the accident are described, along with the political events of the time concerning the U.S.A. and nuclear weapons, attempts to put out the fire, iodine fall-out in the milk, and polonium 210 contamination.

Cosmogenic 32P and 33P in the Atmosphere and Oligotrophic Ocean and Applications to the Study of Phosphorus Cycling

Science.gov (United States)

1993-02-01

Ed.) , pp53-82. Poet, S.E., Moore H.E., and EA. Martell, 1972. Lead- 210 , bismuth 210 and polonium 210 in the atmosphere: accurate ratio measurement...in the ocean food web. The residence time of P in macrozooplankton was estimated to range from 40 to 60 days. A grazing rate of macrozooplankton of...A.F and M.W. Silver, 1988. Primary production, sinking fluxes and the microbial food web. Deep Sea Res., 35:473-490. Perry, M. J. and R. W. Eppley

Occurrence of 210Po and Biological Effects of Low-Level Exposure: The Need for Research

OpenAIRE

Seiler, Ralph L.; Wiemels, Joseph L.

2012-01-01

Background: Polonium-210 (210Po) concentrations that exceed 1 Bq/L in drinking-water supplies have been reported from four widely separated U.S. states where exposure to it went unnoticed for decades. The radionuclide grandparents of 210Po are common in sediments, and segments of the public may be chronically exposed to low levels of 210Po in drinking water or in food products from animals raised in contaminated areas. Objectives: We summarized information on the environmental behavior, bioki...

The enemy within

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matthews, R.

1983-01-01

A brief report is given of the hazards of radon in our homes. Radon is produced during the constant breakdown of uranium 238 present in building materials and the ground on which buildings stand. Radon itself decays to produce polonium which, if inhaled, can cause lung cancer. Figures indicate that as many as 600 lung cancers a year in the UK may be attributable to radon and this could escalate to 1500 if energy conservation measures reducing draughts become more widespread. (U.K.)

Naturally occurring radioactive elements, arsenic and other metals in drinking water from private wells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ek, Britt-Marie; Thunholm, Bo; Oestergren, Inger; Falk, Rolf; Mjoenes, Lars

2008-04-01

Approximately 50 % of all drinking water is extracted from groundwater. For private supply of drinking water almost 100 % emanates from groundwater. For approximately 1.2 of the 9 million Swedish citizens, private wells are the primary water source where 700 000 get their water from wells drilled in the bedrock. Radioactive elements and metals that occur naturally in the bedrock can be found in the well water. The radioactive elements include radon-222 ( 222 Rn), uranium (U), radium-226 ( 226 Ra) as well as polonium-210 ( 210 Po) and lead-210 ( 210 Pb), which are long-lived progeny of radon. In 2001 SGU and SSI initiated a collaboration to investigate the occurrence of radioactive elements and metals in water from private wells. Data sampling and analysis was completed in 2006. The aim of the project was to map the occurrence of radioactive elements in drinking water from private wells and to estimate their respective dose contribution. Another aim was to map metals and other elements in the water, to study temporal variations and possible co-variations between analysed elements. Sampling was conducted in a random fashion throughout the country. However, in regions where bedrock and soils are known to show enhanced concentrations of radioactive elements and arsenic the sampling density was increased. The analyses comprises: total beta activity, total alpha activity, radium-226, radon-222, uranium, aluminium, chloride, calcium, vanadium, chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zink, arsenic, strontium, molybdenum, cadmium, barium, lead, thorium, boron, sodium, manganese, potassium, silica, alkalinity, sulfate, fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, pH and electric conductivity. In a few cases chemistry analyses of polonium-210 and lead-210 have been done. It was observed that the south-western part of Sweden, with exception for granite areas in the county of Bohuslaen, has relatively low concentrations of natural radioactive elements in the drinking water. The

Low-Level Radiation: Are Chemical Officers Adequately Trained

Science.gov (United States)

2004-06-17

1,000,000 Smoking 1 pack of cigarettes/day ( polonium - 210 ) 8,000 200,000 per 1,000,000 Sleeping next to one’s partner 2 50 per 1,000,000 * LNT. The...treating cancer, food and material irradiation, gamma radiography, and industrial measurement gauges. Half-life is 5.27 years. Decay. The process by...Cosmic rays (at sea level) 30 1,100 per 1,000,000 Cosmic rays (Denver at 5000 ft elevation) 55 2,000 per 1,000,000 Human body (from food we eat

Methods for Estimating Physicochemical Properties of Inorganic Chemicals of Environmental Concern. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

1987-03-01

solid surface into an adjacent ,apor phase. This process has had significant implications for envi- ronmental pollution in the case of 210 - polonium , an...human food chain (terrestrial plants and ireshwater and saltwater fish), and gives speci.l attention to the uptake of selected heavy metals by these...Lu. 187Re. 2MTn. 210214 pb. 2M10ts•i. 210 %214.11po, 22(1’=Rn. 22ef 2 .234Th, 2Pa, M2 U , mopu, 24Am 10 Organometalics Sulfur-containing Compounds

Kuni 13. III saab Y-galeriis vaadata EKA avatud akadeemia näitust "Lavastused ja interpretatsioonid"

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Stseenid modellidega on lavastanud Tiina Tammetalu, maalinud-interpreteerinud üliõpilased Ulvi Kuldkepp, Margit Maksing, Liis-Theresia Ulman, (Margus) Soho Fond, Ian Oja, Alissa Didõk-Riikjärv ja Monika Sorokina. Väljapaneku on kujundanud T. Tammetalu ja U. Kuldkepp. Projekt "Happy" on T. Tammetalu kureeritav näitusesari, mis tutvustab tema juhendamisel tehtud üliõpilaste töid

Physico-chemical forms of natural radionuclides in drilled well waters and their removal by ion exchange

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaaramaa, K.

2003-01-01

Appreciable concentrations of natural uranium and its daughter radionuclides may occur in drinking water obtained from drilled wells when the bedrock contains these nuclides. Effective methods are needed to remove these radionuclides. A wide range of ion exchange materials, both organic and inorganic, were evaluated for the removal of 234,238 U, 226 Ra, 210 Po and 210 Pb from ground waters. Screenin tests were carried out, in which distribution coefficients (KD) were determined for the ion exchangers. The ion exchangers that gave the highest KD's were tested in column-mode experiments for the removal of the radionuclides from drilled well water. The most efficient exchanger for the removal of U from neutral and slightly alkaline waters was the strong base anion resin. The chelating aminophosphonate resin removed uranium very efficiently from slightly acidic water. As well, it was an efficient exchanger for the removal of toxic and harmful transition metals from drilled well waters. The strong and weak acid cation resins and zeolite A removed radium most efficiently. Large fractions of the total activity of polonium and lead were found to adsorb on equipment in the ion exchange studies. In investigation of this, the well waters were filtered through membranes to determine the soluble and particle-bound forms of 234,238 U, 226 Ra, 210 Po and 210 Pb. Eight of the waters were of Ca type and two were of Na-Cl type. Some of the waters also had high concentrations of Fe, Mn and humic substances. Uranium was present entirely in soluble form, probably as uranyl ion in soluble carbonate complexes. 226 Ra was in soluble form in the waters with low concentrations of Fe and Mn, but 10% of the total radium activity was bound to particles in Fe-Mn-rich waters. The speciation of Po is complex in natural waters; polonium was present in both soluble and particle-bound forms. A correlation was observed between the fractions of particle-bound 210 Po and the concentrations of iron in

Determination of "2"1"0Po in calcium supplements and the possible related dose assessment to the consumers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strumińska-Parulska, Dagmara I.

2015-01-01

The aim of this pioneer study was to investigate the most popular calcium supplements as a potential additional source of polonium "2"1"0Po in human diet. The analyzed calcium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic calcium compounds; some from natural sources as mussels' shells, fish extracts, or sedimentary rocks. The objectives of this research were to investigate the naturally occurring "2"1"0Po activity concentrations in calcium supplements, find the correlations between "2"1"0Po concentration in medicament and calcium chemical form, and calculate the effective radiation dose connected to analyzed calcium supplement consumption. As results showed, "2"1"0Po concentrations in natural origin calcium supplements (especially sedimentary rocks) were higher than the other analyzed. Also the results of "2"1"0Po analysis obtained for inorganic forms of calcium supplements were higher. The highest "2"1"0Po activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from sedimentary rocks: dolomite and chalk – 3.88 ± 0.22 and 3.36 ± 0.10 mBq g"−"1 respectively; while the lowest in organic calcium compounds: calcium lactate and calcium gluconate – 0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.01 mBq g"−"1. The annual effective radiation doses from supplements intake were estimated as well. The highest annual radiation dose from "2"1"0Po taken with 1 tablet of calcium supplement per day was connected to sample made from chalk – 2.5 ± 0.07 μSv year"−"1, while the highest annual radiation dose from "2"1"0Po taken with 1 g of pure calcium per day was connected to dolomite – 12.7 ± 0.70 μSv year"−"1. - Highlights: • "2"1"0Po in the most popular calcium supplements in Poland was investigated. • "2"1"0Po is present in calcium supplements and could be an additional source of "2"1"0Po for human. • Inorganic samples were richer in "2"1"0Po in comparison to organic. • Additives from sedimentary rocks, were richer in polonium in comparison to

Mis tuleb

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Pärnu Uue Kunsti Muuseumis Uno Roosvaldi maalide ja graafika näitus "Mõttes Kihnus", Heino Lillepuu kollaazhide näitus "Kõik naised on inglid". Tartu Mänguasjamuuseumis jõuluehete näitus. Rahvusraamatukogu fuajees Andy Horneri näitus "Terra Borealis". Eesti Rahva Muuseumis näitus "Põhjamaine tunnetus", mis tutvustab Sleipneri stipendiumi saanud noorte kunstnike valiktöid. Iisaku muuseumis jõulupostkaartide näitus. Eesti Tarbekunsti- ja Disainimuuseumis näitus "Klaashelmed maailma rahvaste kultuuris" (suur osa helmeist ja helmetikandeist on Torben Sode kogust). Rottermanni soolalaos näitus "Kodu, kallis kodu". Viljandi muuseumis on väljas EKA nahakunsti osakonna tööd aastaist 1917-2004 "Mälu ja mäng", Eesti lapitööseltsi näitus, Viljandi maagümnaasiumi kunstistuudio näitus "Jõulusokk". Eesti Meremuuseumis näitus"Klaas, fajanss ja portselan uppunud laevadelt"

Distribution of uranium series radionuclides in upland vegetation of northern Saskatchewan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheard, J.W.

1986-01-01

Multivariate methods are used to explore patterns of accumulation of radionuclides and stable elements among 10 plant species at four localities in northern Saskatchewan. Principal components analysis and canonical correlation analysis of the radionuclides and stable elements showed that lead-210 and polonium-210 are correlated with crustal elements distributed in the atmoshpere and therefore are accumulated more abundantly by lichen and moss species than by vascular plants. Uranium showed a similar trend. Neither these radionuclides nor radium-226 showed strong correlations with other stable elements. The highest accumulation of uranium was in the Wollaston Lake region, especially for the nonvascular plants, where the soil levels are lowest. This tends to substantiate previous suggestions that uranium available for uptake by vascular plants is associated with groundwater rather than soil particles. Canonical variates analysis on radionuclide levels in vegetation by species group shows that trees, shrubs, lichens, and moss all have significantly different patterns of accumulation. The vascular and nonvascular groups are separated primarily by lead-210 and polonium- 210 accumulation. The trees and shrubs are separated by radium-226 levels. A similar analysis by locality showed significant differences in radionuclide accumulation by vegetation in all possible pairs of localities, except between the two Wollaston Lake localities. The largest distances were between regions and were based primarily on uranium accumulation in the nonvascular plants. Differences in radium-226 levels among the shrub species are responsible for the significant difference between the two localities in the Churchill River region