Teleseismic Lg of Semipalatinsk and Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Explosions Recorded by the GRF (Gräfenberg) Array: Comparison with Regional Lg (BRV) and their Potential for Accurate Yield Estimation

Science.gov (United States)

Schlittenhardt, J.

- A comparison of regional and teleseismic log rms (root-mean-square) Lg amplitude measurements have been made for 14 underground nuclear explosions from the East Kazakh test site recorded both by the BRV (Borovoye) station in Kazakhstan and the GRF (Gräfenberg) array in Germany. The log rms Lg amplitudes observed at the BRV regional station at a distance of 690km and at the teleseismic GRF array at a distance exceeding 4700km show very similar relative values (standard deviation 0.048 magnitude units) for underground explosions of different sizes at the Shagan River test site. This result as well as the comparison of BRV rms Lg magnitudes (which were calculated from the log rms amplitudes using an appropriate calibration) with magnitude determinations for P waves of global seismic networks (standard deviation 0.054 magnitude units) point to a high precision in estimating the relative source sizes of explosions from Lg-based single station data. Similar results were also obtained by other investigators (Patton, 1988; Ringdaletal., 1992) using Lg data from different stations at different distances.Additionally, GRF log rms Lg and P-coda amplitude measurements were made for a larger data set from Novaya Zemlya and East Kazakh explosions, which were supplemented with mb(Lg) amplitude measurements using a modified version of Nuttli's (1973, 1986a) method. From this test of the relative performance of the three different magnitude scales, it was found that the Lg and P-coda based magnitudes performed equally well, whereas the modified Nuttli mb(Lg) magnitudes show greater scatter when compared to the worldwide mb reference magnitudes. Whether this result indicates that the rms amplitude measurements are superior to the zero-to-peak amplitude measurement of a single cycle used for the modified Nuttli method, however, cannot be finally assessed, since the calculated mb(Lg) magnitudes are only preliminary until appropriate attenuation corrections are available for the

Letna Dinamika Pojavljanja Vodnih Ptic Na Reki Dravi Med Mariborskim Jezerom In Jezom Melje (Sv Slovenija / Yearly dynamics of waterbirds’ occurrence on the Drava River between Lake Maribor and Melje Dam (NE Slovenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Logar Katja

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Between April 2007 and April 2008, 40 systematic waterbird counts were conducted on the Drava River between Lake Maribor and the Melje Dam (length 8.5 km, area 155 ha to determine the specific composition, abundance and seasonal dynamics of bird occurrence. Between October and May, counts were conducted every week, whereas between June and September they were carried out once every two weeks. In total, 26,803 individuals of 30 species were counted. The number of waterbirds and diversity of species were the highest from late December to late February, when more than 1,000 individuals were regularly present in the area. Waterbirds were distributed along the river unequally, with the highest number of birds present yearround in the city centre and in the first counting sector of Lake Maribor. The Mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Mute Swan Cygnus olor were recorded during every count, while occurrence frequency was greater than 50% in another 10 species. Dominant species in terms of percentage composition were Mallard, Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Coot Fulica atra, Mute Swan, Pochard Aythya ferina and Tufted Duck Ay. fuligula. Mute Swan and Mallard were the only breeding waterbirds in the study area. Both the total number of waterbirds and the highest daily total in the first two counting sectors were greater between October and March 1992/93 than in our study. The decline in numbers was the greatest for Mallard, Pochard and Tufted Duck, while an increase was noted in Mute Swan and Yellow-legged / Caspian Gull Larus michahellis / cachinnans. The total number of waterbirds and the number of some species in the study area were significantly higher than expected solely based on its length compared to the length of the lowland Drava in Slovenia (125.7 km. The study area is conservationally important for Pochard, Tufted Duck and Black-headed Gull

Rol' reki Rejn v formirovanii prostranstvennoj struktury jekonomiki stran Evropy (I vek do nashej jery — XIX vek [The role of the river Rhine in the formation of spatial structure of the economy of European countries (1st century BC — 19th century AD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grazhdankin Alexander

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This article considers the main historical stages of formation of spatial economic structure of the European countries, parts of whose territories lie within the Rhine basin. The analysis covers a protracted chronological interval from the Roman colonization until the beginning of the 20th century. The author emphasizes the role of the River Rhine in the course of territorial structure formation. This study aims to retrace the historical sequence of the formation of territorial structure of economies of the Rhine basin countries. The research and practical significance of the work lies in the identification of the periods of increased activity in the formation of spatial structural communications of the states mentioned. The author applies the historical-descriptive approach and cartographical-geographical modelling to identify the main stages of this process. The author arrives at the following conclusions. The beginning of the formation of spatial structure of economies of the Rhine basin countries dates back to the Roman period of the history of European states rather than the industrial revolution. Similarly, it is possible to assume that primitive integration processes started to develop in the region in the same period. Throughout history, the River Rhine has served as the central axis for economic structure development. The practical significance of the article lies in identifying the early — previously insufficiently studied — stages of formation of territorial economic structure in the historical and geographical context.

A Comparison of Radioisotope Methods for River Flow Measurement; Comparaison de methodes radioisotopiques de mesure du debit des cours d'eau; Sravnenie radioizotopnykh metodov izmereniya rechnykh stokov; Comparacion de los metodos radioisotopicos para medir el caudal de los rios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clayton, C. G.; Smith, D. B. [Wantage Research Laboratory Atomic Energy Research Establishment Wantage, Berks (United Kingdom)

1963-08-15

del lecho del rio. Desde este punto de vista, el tritio posee excelentes propiedades, puesto que no es absorbido, pero es dificil de medir y no es posible seguir directamente su desplazamiento en el rio. Otros indicadores resultan mas convenientes, pero pueden sufrir adsorcion. Los autores han estudiado los grados de adsorcion del {sup 24}Na, {sup 82}Br y {sup 32}P en forma de NaHC0{sub 3}, NH{sub 4}Br y NaH{sub 2}PO{sub 3} respectivamente, que introdujeron en un mismo punto del rio junto con agua tritiada (HTO), para comparar despues las mediciones realizadas en varios lugares situados aguas abajo. Se ha visto que el EP, para el que se esperaban grandes perdidas por quimisorcion, no sirve para medir el caudal de rios cuando se emplea sin portador, aunque el error disminuye notablemente cuando se trabaj a con portador. En el caso del {sup 24}Na y del {sup 32}Br, no se observa adsorcion a distancias mucho mayores que la requerida para que la mezcla lateral sea satisfactoria si bien a una distancia de 660 m en el rio de corriente mas lenta se observo que parte del {sup 24}Na habia desaparecido. Los autores formulan algunas observaciones sobre el grado de dispersion lateral y longitudinal que tienen importancia para la aplicacion de tecnicas radioisotopicas en general a la medicion del caudal de rios. Llegan a la conclusion de que los tres metodos pueden dar resultados satisfactorios. En definitiva, los autores dan preferencia al metodo de muestreo continuo, ya que permite alcanzar una mayor precision para un consumo minimo de indicador. (author) [Russian] Metody razbavleniya, nepreryvnogo otbora prob i polnogo scheta primenyayutsya pri sravnitel'nom izuchenii radioindikatornykh metodov izmereniya stokov v rekakh Ajbehrton Bruk v Gluchestershire i Usvej Bern i Alvin Rivers - v Nortamberlehnde. EHto - tri reki s razlichnymi geologicheskimi kharakteristikami i skorostyami stokov, izmenyayushchikhsya v diagyuzone ot 2,5 l/sek do 3 m{sup 3}/sek. Pri ispol'zovanii lyubykh

Perspectives of investigation and development of Semipalatinsk Test Site

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kadyrzhanov, K.K.; Lukashenko, S.N.

2008-01-01

Full text: Since the Semipalatinsk Test Site has been stopped and up until now, National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NNC RK) in cooperation with other specialist from Kazakhstan and international scientific community have accumulated large scope of information about current radiological situation at Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) and adjacent territories. There were revealed all important spots of radioactive contamination, identified main pathways and mechanisms for present and potential proliferation of radioactive substances. Obtained data assure us that present-day SNTS provides no negative impact on population on adjacent to the Site territories excluding people in the water basin of the river Shagan. Compliance with regulatory requirements and special rules for SNTS territory assures radiation safety at commercial activities on the Site. At the same time, the radiological situation does not remain stable; there were revealed the processes of radionuclide migration what requires regular monitoring of radiological situation at SNTS. Taking into account the scale of the Site and the variety of tests performed there, the information available about SNTS can not be completely exhaustive but enables us to propose a scientifically grounded plan for further research and practical measures aimed at remediation and reclamation of lands. implementation of such measures should return up to 80% of the lands to commercial use. SNTS is one of the world largest nuclear test sites with decisive contribution to creation and development of nuclear weapon. To considerable extent, these were works at SNTS which established nuclear parity between the superpowers one of the crucial factors in the history of human civilization in the 20 century. Also taking into account the interest to SNTS paid by international organizations, it is reasonable to initiate a procedure and recognize SNTS as a landmark including it in the UNESCO List of Cultural and Nature

Character and levels of radioactive contamination of underground waters at Semipalatinsk test site

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Subbotin, S.; Lukashenko, S.; Turchenko, Y. [Institute of radiation safety and ecology (Kazakhstan)

2014-07-01

According to the data of RK government commission, 470 explosions have been set off at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS), inclusive of 26 surface, 90 in the air and 354 underground nuclear explosions (UNE), 103 of those have been conducted in tunnels and 251 - in boreholes. Underground nuclear explosions have been conducted at STS in horizontal mines, called - 'tunnels' ('Degelen' test site) and vertical mines called 'boreholes' ('Balapan' and 'Sary-Uzen' test sites). Gopher cavities of boreholes and tunnels are in different geotechnical conditions, that eventually specify migration of radioactive products with underground waters. Central cavities of UNE in holes are located significantly below the level of distribution of underground water. High temperature remains for a long time due to presence of overlying rock mass. High temperatures contribute to formation of thermal convection. When reaching the cavity, the water heat up, dissolve chemical elements and radionuclides and return with them to the water bearing formation. In the major part of 'Balapan' site for underground water of regional basin is characterized by low concentrations of radionuclides. High concentrations of {sup 137}Cs in underground water have been found only in immediate vicinity to 'warfare' boreholes. Formation of radiation situation in the 'Balapan' test site area is also affected by local area of underground water discharge. It is located in the valley of Shagan creek, where the concentration of {sup 3}H reaches 700 kBq/l. Enter of underground water contaminated with tritium into surface water well continue. In this case it is expected that tritium concentration in discharge zone can significantly change, because this migration process depends on hydro geological factors and the amount of atmospheric precipitation. Central cavities of nuclear explosions, made in tunnels, are above the level of underground

The Practice of Waste Disposal in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority; Methodes Employees par l'Atomic Energy Authority du Royaume-Uni pour Eliminer les Dechets Radioactifs; 041f 041e 0420 042f 0414 041e 041a 0423 0414 ; Sistemas de Evacuacion de Desechos en la United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dunster, H. J.; Wix, L. F.U. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Health and Safety Branch (United Kingdom)

1960-07-01

razlichnyh oblastjah. V svjazi s jetim Komissii prihoditsja reshat' voprosy udalenija razlichnyh vidov radioaktivnyh othodov v razlichnyh po harakteru rajonah. Bol'shaja chast' othodov s bol'shoj aktivnost'ju (kak v zhidkom, tak i v tverdom vide) hranitsja v special'nyh kontejnerah. Zhidkie othody s nizkoj aktivnost'ju otvodjatsja v more ili v reki, prichem kolichestvo otvodimyh othodov tshhatel'no kontrolirujutsja. Othody v tverdom vide, imejushhie nizkuju i srednjuju aktivnost', zahoronjajutsja v special'nyh rajonah v grunt ili na dne morja. V dannom dokumente rasskazyvaetsja ob ispol'zuemyh metodah udalenija othodov, privodjatsja dannye o kolichestve zhidkih i tverdyh othodov, kotorye ezhegodno udaljajutsja putem ispol'zovanija dlja jetih celej razlichnyh metodov. (author)

The Public Health Problems of Nuclear Waste Disposal; L'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs et la Sante Publique; 041f 0420 041e 0414 ; Problemas que Presenta para la Salud Publica la Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dunster, H. J. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Health and Safety Branch (United Kingdom)

1960-07-01

kontrolja, kotoryj svjazan s problemami ohrany zdorov'ja. Jeti rekomendacii nel'zja primenjat' neposredstvenno k udaleniju othodov, tak kak vysvobozhdennaja radioaktivnost' v redkih sluchajah okazyvaet neposredstvennoe vozdejstvie na cheloveka. Pojetomu ustanovlenie maksimal'no vozmozhnoj skorosti sbrosa trebuet znanija ne tol'ko togo, kak chelovek ispol'zuet okruzhajushhuju ego sredu, no takzhe razlichnyh processov, kotorye upravljajut povedeniem radioaktivnyh materialov v jetoj okruzhajushhej srede. V kachestve primera togo, kak reshajut jeti problemy v Soedinennom Korolevstve, v doklade rassmatrivaetsja sbros v more zhidkih othodov s nizkoj radioaktivnost'ju i kratko razbirajutsja podobnye problemy otvoda othodov v reki i zahoronenija ih v grunt ili v glubiny morej. V dokumente delaetsja vyvod, chto bez osobogo truda mozhno prodemonstrirovat' bezopasnost' bol'shinstva predlozhennyh operacij po udaleniju othodov, no neobhodimo tshhatel'noe issledovanie i kontrol' v teh sluchajah, kogda v okruzhajushhuju cheloveka sredu otvoditsja znachitel'noe kolichestvo radioaktivnyh materialov. (author)

Monitoring of Fresh Waters Used for Dispersal of Radioactive Wastes; Controle des Eaux Fluviales Utilisees pour la Dispersion des Dechets Radioactifs; 0418 0417 041c 0414 ; Monitoraje de las Aguas Dulces Utilizadas para la Dispersion de Desechos Radiactivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ophel, I. L. [Environmental Research and Radiation Dosimetry Branch, Division of Biology and Health Physics, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, ON (Canada)

1960-07-01

otnoshenijah jeta reka predstavljaet ozero. Jeffljujent razbavljaetsja bol'shimi ob{sup e}mami nizkoaktivnoj vody, ispol'zovannoj dlja ohlazhdenija, i postupaet v reku pri koncentracii radionuklidov, ne prevyshajushhih predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii dlja rabochih. Obshhaja koncentracija beta- i gamma-radionuklidov vverh po techeniju ot zavoda sostavljaet 2 x 10{sup -8} millikjuri/millilitr i 1,6 kilometra vniz po techeniju ot zavoda ravna 3 x 10{sup -8} millikjuri/millilitr. Vzjatie prob so dna reki pokazyvaet, chto radioaktivnost' ponizhaetsja v techenie celogo rjada let nesmotrja na postojannoe dobavlenie aktivnosti, osazhdajushhejsja na kolloidal'nom kremnii, vydeljajushhemsja iz vody. Iz rechnyh organizmov chelovekom upotrebljaetsja v pishhu tol'ko krupnaja ryba. Sledy stroncija-90 byli sluchajno obnaruzheny v kostjah, no ne v mjase. Maksimal'noe soderzhanie 10{sup -3} millikjuri R{sup 32}/g obshhego vesa bylo obnaruzheno v nebol'shih okunjah. Hotja fosfor-32 sostavljaet tol'ko 0,04% obshhej radioaktivnosti jeffljuenta, on predstavljaet 75-95% vseh radionuklidov obnaruzhennyh v bol'shinstve vzjatyh na issledovanie ryb. (author)

Use of radioactive tracers in studying the transport of solids in watercourses; Emploi de traceurs radioactifs pour l'etude du transport solide dans les cours d'eau; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya peremeshcheniya tverdykh chastits v vodnykh potokakh; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos para el estudio del transporte de solidos en las corrientes de agua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Jaeery, P; Heuzel, M [Laboratoire National d' Hydraulique de Chatou (France)

1962-01-15

aplicacion de los indicadores radiactivos a los estudios sobre modelos a escala reducida con el doble proposito de: a) disponer de un procedimiento de investigacion comun para los estudios efectuados sobre el terreno y en los modelos a escala reducida, con el objeto de poder controlar la fidelidad del modelo durante los ensayos de calibracion; b) aprovechar las ventajas que ofrecen los modelos a escala reducida en cuanto a facilidad de observacion y mediciones directas, para estudiar las posibilidades de mejorar el metodo de los indicadores, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la obtencion de datos cuantitativos. (author) [Russian] Natsional'naya gidravlicheskaya laboratoriya, vyrabotavshaya v sotrudnichestve s TSentrom yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle pribory i metody izucheniya dvizheniya donnykh otlozhenij pri pomoshchi metoda radioaktivnykh indikatorov, prilagaet v nastoyashchee vremya usiliya k tomu, chtoby osushchestvit' dejstvitel'no kolichestvennyj sposob issledovanij. Za poslednee vremya bylo provedeno dva opyta v prirodnykh usloviyakh v rekakh; pervyj iz nikh byl posvyashchen izucheniyu uvlecheniya gal'ki vodami Rony, a drugoj - izucheniyu peremeshcheniya peska v reke Niger. Parallel'no s poslednim opytom byli provedeny identichnye ispytaniya na makete reki Niger, sozdannom v laboratorii v SHatu. V ehtikh opytakh bylo ispol'zovano izluchenie margantsa-56 i natriya-24, vyzvannoe neposredstvennoj aktivatsiej tolchenoj kostochki abrikosa, izobrazhavshej v ispytaniyakh na makete prirodnye donnye otlozheniya Nigera. Sovmestnye usiliya laboratorii v SHatu i TSentra yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle napravleny v nastoyashchee vremya na primenenie metoda radioaktivnykh indikatorov k opytam na maketakh s dvojnoj tsel'yu: a) Vyrabotat' odinakovye metody issledovaniya v prirodnykh usloviyakh i na makete dlya proverki tochnosti maketa v stadii opytov po ehtalonirovaniyu; b) Ispol'zovat' legkost' vedeniya nablyudenij i proizvodstva neposredstvennykh izmerenij na maketakh dlya

Management of Waste from the Use of Radioisotopes; Divers Aspects Resultant de l'Utilisation des Isotopes Radioactifs; 0423 0414 0410 041b 0415 041d 0418 0415 041e 0422 0425 041e 0414 ; Diversos Aspectos Relacionados con los Desechos Procedentes del Empleo de Radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogers, Lester R. [Radiation Safety Branch, Division of Licensing and Regulation, United States Atomic Energy Commission (United States)

1960-07-01

de desechos solubles o facilmente dispersables ; 3. La inhumacion en el suelo, en condiciones controladas, de pequenas cantidades de desechos; 4. El envio de los desechos radiactivos a las instalaciones de la Atomic Energy Commission para su almacenamiento o inhumacion; 5. El tratamiento por incineracion; 6. La evacuacion en el mar de desechos envasados. El autor examina los criterios y requisitos reglamentarios aplicables a cada metodo de evacuacion con el proposito de impedir que los desechos entren en la cadena alimentaria humana en cantidades peligrosas o afecten desfavorablemente la utilizacion del medio por el hombre. Estudia asimismo las limitaciones que se han de imponer a los tipos y metodos de evacuacion aplicados por las empresas privadas que, por su larga experiencia en Inverted-Exclamation-Mark el mantenimiento de terrenos de inhumacion o instalaciones de almacenamiento, pueden recibir autorizacion oficial para efectuar esta clase de operaciones. (author) [Russian] Budut obsuzhdeny voprosy proishozhdenija i haraktera radioaktivnyh othodov, obrazuemyh pri ispol'zovanii radioizotopov v promyshlennosti, medicine, sel'skom hozjajstve i nauchnyh issledovanijah. Budet rassmotrena svjaz' mezhdu tipami, kolichestvami i metodami ispol'zovanija radioizotopov i othodami, kotorye pri jetom obrazujutsja. Budut obsuzhdeny metody, primenjaemye dlja udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov, obrazuemyh pri ispol'zovanii radioizotopov v promyshlennosti, medicine, nauchnyh issledovanijah i sel'skom hozjajstve, na kotorye rasprostranjaetsja kontrol' Komissii po atomnoj jenergii. Jeti metody vkljuchajut: 1. Kontroliruemoe udalenie zhidkostej nizkoj koncentracii v reki i v atmosferu ; 2. Kontroliruemoe udalenie nebol'shih kolichestv rastvorjaemyh ili nahodjashhihsja v dispersionnom sostojanii produktov othoda v kanalizacionnye sistemy ; 3. Zahoronenie nebol'shih kolichestv othodov v zemlju pri kontroliruemyh uslovijah; 4. Vozvrashhenie radioaktivnyh othodov na ustanovki Komissii po

The Containment of Radioactive Wastes in Deep Geologic Formations; L'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs dans les Formations Geologiques Profondes; 0423 0414 0414 ; Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos en Formaciones Geologicas Profundas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaufman, W. J. [University of California, Berkeley (United States)

1960-07-01

desechos en estado semi-solido que han de almacenarse de modo permanente. Se estima que en tales casos las formaciones geologicas profundas pueden constituir un lugar de evacuacion satisfactorio desde el punto de vista de la seguridad y de la economia. En las formaciones de arenisca resulta posible acumular grandes cantidades de desechos con un alto grado de estabilidad del confinamiento. Merced a sus cavidades intersticiales y caracteristicas de intercambio ionico, esas formaciones suelen poseer una capacidad de almacenamiento muy considerable. En principio, el sistema de evacuacion que utiliza las formaciones geologicas profundas ha de consistir en un conjunto de pozos de inyeccion por los que se introducen los desechos, y de pozos de compensacion que sirven para reducir la presion en la boca de los pozos, medir la radiactividad y dirigir el flujo de tal modo que se aproveche al maximo la capacidad de almacenamiento de la formacion. Entre los datos necesarios para proyectar un sistema de este tipo figuran las propiedades de dispersion de la formacion sus caracteristicas de intercambio ionico y las propiedades quimicas y radioquimicas de los desechos. En el Centro tecnologico experimental de la Universidad de California viene funcionando desde hace dos anos un sistema piloto de dos pozos con una capa acuifera. (author) [Russian] Obychno na predprijatijah himicheskoj obrabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti radioaktivnye othody s nizkim i srednim urovnjami aktivnosti imejut mesto v takom bol'shom kolichestve, chto ih hranenie v techenie dolgogo vremeni nerentabel'no. Vo mnogih sluchajah himicheskaja obrabotka othodov mozhet obespechit' dostatochnuju ih dezaktivizaciju dlja otvoda othodov v reki ili morja. Odnako v nekotoryh sluchajah takie metody trebujut zatrat i libo ne obespechivajut dostatochnoj dezaktivacii, libo privodjat v itoge k obrazovaniju chrezvychajno bol'shogo kolichestva polutverdyh othodov, dlja kotoryh neobhodimo obespechit' stacionarnoe hranenie. Predpolagaetsja

Tritium Studies in the United States. Geological Survey; Le tritium dans les etudes entreprises par le Service Geologique des Etats-Unis; Izuchenie tritiya v svyazi s geologicheskim obsledovaniem ssha; El tritio en los estudios del Servicio Geologico de los Estados Unidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlston, C W; Thatcher, L L [United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC (United States)

1962-01-15

'yu uluchsheniya vosproizvodimosti i otsenki koeffitsientov otdeleniya v raznoobraznykh usloviyakh. Byla vyrabotana sistema, obespechivayushchaya pri obychnoj rabote 75-protsentnoe vosstanovlenie tritiya. Glavnye proekty na mestakh predstavlyayutsya v sleduyushchem vide: 1) Issledovanie pri pomoshchi ritiya pribrezhnoj doliny N'yu-Dzhersi pokazyvaet, chto nizhe gorizonta gruntovykh vod proiskhodit rassloenie vody v zavisimosti ot ee vozrasta. 2) V dvukh razlichnykh geologicheskikh gruntakh byli proizvedeny issledovaniya dlya opredeleniya sud'by radioaktivnykh osadkov tritiya posle ispytaniya termoyadernoj bomby v 1958 godu. 3) Tritij ispol'zuetsya dlya opredeleniya vosstanovleniya vodnykh apasov v tretichnykh peschanikakh podpochvennykh plastov polupustynny h loskogorij Novoj Meksiki. 4) Proizvoditsya issledovanie soderzhaniya tritiya v podpochvennykh vodakh doliny reki Snejk v Ajdakho dlya polucheniya svedenij otnositel'no vozrasta ehtoj vody, skorosti ee techeniya i ego napravleniya. 5) Iskusstvennyj tritij ispol'zuetsya v vide indikatora dlya opredeleniya emkosti podpochvennogo vodonosnogo bassejna vblizi Karlsbada, v Novoj Meksike. (author)

Distribution of Aerially Applied Malathion-S{sup 35} in a Forest Ecosystem; Distribution du malathion- {sup 35}S pulverise par avion dans un ensemble ecologique forestier; Raspredelenie malationa, mechennogo S35 i raspylyaemogo s vozdukha dlya izucheniya ehkologicheskoj sistemy lesnykh massivov; Distribucion en un sistema ecologico forestal de malation- 35S pulverizado desde el aire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giles, Jr., R. H.; Peterle, T. J. [Ohio Co-Operative Wildlife Research Unit, Columbus, OH (United States)

1963-09-15

insecticida pulverizado. Por toma de muestras de tierra y recuento de zonas delimitadas se estudio la distribucion bajo la superficie del suelo. Las muestras de agua tomadas en arroyos intermitentes y los ensayos realizados con insectos, mamiferos, reptiles y aves indicaron la distribucion inicial y subsiguiente del insecticida y sus metabolitos en el sistema ecologico. Los estudios de la poblacion animal siguieron durante los veranos de 1961 y 1962; en el verano de 1963 se reuniran todavia algunos datos. Los resultados preliminares indican que la poblacion de insectos vuelve a la normalidad unas tres semanas despues del tratamiento; no se observo efecto alguno en los animales vertebrados de la zona tratada. (author) [Russian] Raspredelenie malationa (0,0-dimetilditiofosfat diehtilmerkaptoyantarnoj kisloty) v lesnom massive vostochnoj chasti Tsentral'nogo Ogajo, SSHA, izuchalos' vesnoj 1962 goda. Ehtot insektitsid shirokogo dejstviya byl vybran dlya izucheniya v svyazi s ego vozrastayushchej rol'yu v bor'be s mnogimi vazhnymi nasekokymi-vreditelyami listvennykh i khvojnykh lesov Soedinennykh Shtatov. Dlya rasshireniya znanij po ehkologii lesnykh massivov, a takzhe bolee polnogo ponimaniya vliyaniya insektitsidov na faunu byla ispol'zovana svoeobraznaya vozmozhnost' izucheniya ehtikh problem odnovremenno posredstvom primeneniya mechennykh izotopami insektitsidov. S{sup 35} byla vybrana vvidu nizkoj ehnergii beta-izlucheniya (0,167 Mehv) i dostatochno korotkogo perioda poluraspada (87,1 dnya). Predvaritel'noe issledovanie uchastka zemli 0,1 akra letom 1961 goda pokazalo stepen' vozmozhnogo' primeneniya v usloviyakh obshchej radiatsii, a takzhe vozmozhnost' razrabotat' podgotovitel'nye metody dlya vzyatiya prob. Letom 1961 goda byl proveden obzor fauny dvukh bassejnov reki ploshchad'yu v 20 akrov kazhdyj. V mae 1962 goda odin iz nikh byl obrabotan tekhnicheski-chistym malationom v kolichestve 2 funtov na 1 akr v smesi s ksilolom, tritonom X-155 (ehmul'gator) i vodoj. Malation